text:
Murtaza Wahab says facemask like a 'vaccine' in battle in opposition to coronavirus
Canadian web sleuths, anti-hate group serving to to determine Capitol rioters | CBC News
As increasingly more cellphone movies floor of the storming of the Capitol in Washington, D.C., final week, Canadians are main among the efforts to doc and observe down a few of these concerned within the riot.
Elizabeth Simons, deputy director of the Canadian Anti-Hate Network, mentioned her workforce is attempting to determine three folks seen in photographs and video from the riot — certainly one of them holding a Canadian flag.
The non-profit group, which normally screens hate teams and hate crimes in Canada, was prompted to show its consideration south of the border when the chaos erupted as U.S. lawmakers met to certify Democratic president-elect Joe Biden's victory within the Nov. three election.
"We're always watching for Canadian involvement in events like this," Simons instructed CBC News. "Even though we knew there would be significantly reduced involvement on Jan. 6 due to the pandemic, we are aware of the population of Canadians who support that message."
Simons mentioned she's uncertain who the three folks within the photos are or even when they're Canadian, however by means of a painstaking means of trying by means of video footage and pictures uploaded to the web, the workforce hopes to find their identities.
The group intends to publish the names of these it may well determine on its web site.
"We are not sure yet if all three are Canadians or if only one of them is Canadian. We don't know the relationship between the three people yet at this point," she mentioned. "We're just investigating to see if we can narrow it down and get confirmations."
Going by means of my photographs from yesterday. Who the heck introduced a Canadian flag to the MAGA rebellion and why? pic.twitter.com/bsdvK2RX0s
—@Harbpeace
Simons mentioned she's seen earlier on-line feedback posted by Canadians that prompt sympathy with the views of among the supporters of U.S. President Donald Trump who made their approach to Washington final week.
Were it not for the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions on journey, there would possible have been many Canadians on the riot, she mentioned. "The lack of Canadians is not due to disinterest."
Simons added that one distinguished far-right group at the riot, the Proud Boys, was began by a Canadian.
The RCMP are conscious that there was open-source reporting of Canadian flags within the crowd however is not going to touch upon allegations made on social media.
Uploaded movies, photographs essential to investigation
Essential to Simons's analysis are the lots of of hours of video and 1000's of images which were uploaded to Mega, a cloud storage and file-hosting web site based mostly in New Zealand.
The owner and creator of the database is Reddit consumer u/AdamLynch, a Canadian. Adam Lynch shouldn't be his actual identify however a pseudonym he makes use of on-line. CBC News is defending his identification, as he says he has acquired dying threats for attempting to compile and make accessible video and photographs he is collected of what occurred on the Capitol.
He mentioned that over the summer season, he noticed that video footage of cases of police brutality and violence at Black Lives Matter protests was usually faraway from social media platforms or blocked, and so he determined he wanted to archive documentation of violence eventually week's occasion to protect a report of what occurred.
"When I was searching through Facebook and Twitter, it was a nightmare to try and find this content," he mentioned, referring to the Jan. 6 riot.
Unless you're straight linked to somebody who's importing content material to social media, it may be practically unimaginable to search out particular posts, he mentioned.
WATCH | Photojournalist recounts scenes throughout Capitol siege:
Andrew Harnik, a photojournalist with The Associated Press, recounts the moments when he sheltered in place with members of the U.S. Congress and shares among the highly effective photos he took. 6:36
In the 5 days since he posted on Reddit's DataHoarder community about his intent to begin the archive, he has acquired greater than 600 gigabytes of content material associated to the Capitol occasion that he thinks he wouldn't have discovered in any other case.
"People were sending me tweets, Facebook posts of their actual friends and family who went to the riot," he mentioned. "I was seeing tweets that maybe had two likes."
At one level, due to the character of the content material he was posting and the massive variety of folks accessing it, Mega shut down the database.
Not lengthy after, Mega's chief compliance officer, Stephen Hall, stepped in to reactivate the account and supply it with a free enterprise degree account, massively increasing its bandwidth.
Hall mentioned he seemed on the content material, and whereas it did embody footage of violence — together with video of a lady being shot — he determined to reactivate the account as a result of it was introduced "in the context of it being a historic archive and not promoting the behaviour but merely recording it."
"So, it's a little bit of a public service thing," he mentioned in an interview with CBC News.
At the start of picture gallery
At the tip of the picture stream
U of T's Citizen Lab helps to determine protester
Eric Gavelek Munchel, 30, of Nashville, was charged with a number of offences on Sunday, together with one depend of violent entry and disorderly conduct on Capitol grounds. The costs had been laid in reference to the occasions on the Capitol on Jan. 6, in keeping with a statement from the U.S. Department of Justice.
Two days previous to the arrest, John Scott-Railton, a senior researcher on the Citizen Lab on the University of Toronto's Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, recognized Munchel to his Twitter followers because the particular person pictured in a extensively circulated photograph of a person contained in the Capitol constructing holding plastic zip ties — usually utilized by police rather than handcuffs.
Reminder why I'm probing for attainable Tennessee connection for Male #1 aka #ZipTieGuy:

-Tennessee-shaped skinny blue line patch on physique armor
-@blckriflecoffee hat. Company has operations in TN (and different states)
-Accent in above video (disclaimer: not accent skilled) pic.twitter.com/kK9SILcUo2
—@jsrailton
"What I began doing a couple of days ago was surfacing specific people who it seemed, like, needed to be urgently found because they were carrying restraints on the floor of the Capitol," he instructed CBC News.
Scott-Railton first targeted on the clothes worn by the person, recognized solely as "zip tie guy." Identifying the manufacturers on his clothes allowed web sleuths to hint the person's actions by means of a number of movies and pictures from the riot, which helped set up who he was with all through his time on the Capitol grounds. From there, safety digital camera footage from the foyer of an area resort was used to make a optimistic identification.
A workforce from the Canadian Anti-Hate Network is attempting to determine three folks seen eventually week's riot on the Capitol constructing in Washington, D.C. — certainly one of whom was seen holding a Canadian flag in photos and movies from the occasion, corresponding to this video display seize posted on the community's Twitter feed. (Canadian Anti-Hate Network/Twitter)
"Almost all of what I did was, we could say, a collaboration of tens of thousands [of people]," Scott-Railton mentioned.
He could not say for certain if his subsequent tip to the FBI contributed to the arrest, however he instructed his on-line followers they could possibly be pleased with their contribution to the identification effort.
antihateCanadianCapitolCBCGrouphelpingidentifyInternetNewsrioterssleuths
How Neha Dhupia And Angad Bedi, Back In Mumbai, Made Their Goa Vacation More Dreamy
Prince Harry, Meghan Markle making an attempt to heal rift by showering Kate Middleton with items


text:
an:0776.34011|0718.34020 0 100 mathjax
Bulgakov, A. I.
Continuous branches of multivalued mappings and functional-differential inclusions with nonconvex right-hand side. (English. Russian original) Zbl 0776.34011
Math. USSR, Sb. 71, No. 2, 273-287 (1992); translation from Mat. Sb. 181, No. 11, 1427-1442 (1990).
MSC: 34A60 34K05 34K99 54C05
\textit{A. I. Bulgakov}, Math. USSR, Sb. 71, No. 2, 1 (1992; Zbl 0776.34011); translation from Mat. Sb. 181, No. 11, 1427--1442 (1990)
Full Text: DOI EuDML
Continuous branches of multivalued mappings and functional-differential inclusions with nonconvex right-hand side. (Russian) Zbl 0718.34020
Mat. Sb. 181, No. 11, 1427-1442 (1990).
\textit{A. I. Bulgakov}, Mat. Sb. 181, No. 11, 1427--1442 (1990; Zbl 0718.34020)
Full Text: EuDML
Bulgakov, Alexander I. (2)
Mat. Sb. (1)
Math. USSR, Sb. (1)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This exhibition combines Legos and Military…two favorites for little boys.
As a company, Lego does not make military toys. That has left the niche open to independent companies such as BrickMania who, along with other vendors, puts on World War Brick.
The conventional hall in the Embassy Suites of Anaheim is filled with tables of featuring the Lego creations of enthusiasts of all ages: from elder gentleman with a detailed recreation of the B-36D Peacemaker to young girl with Dr. Kitten "Cat-astrophe" battle scene.
A small scavenger hunt for "Waldo" keeps the kids moving through the displays, but overall it's amazing what people can create. While a few fun displays featured futuristic warfare, most of the displays depicting actual battles or artillery, which made for a bit of history lesson. Like the massive time-lapse of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, or the soldiers desperately trying to scale Hacksaw Ridge. Other displays were made in memory of veteran family members, and you could read their stories as well.
In all, about a hour or so of entertainment, but well worth doing with a couple of young boys…who quickly came home with a renewed passion for Lego and quickly began building.


text:
Robert Mueller: "Russians May Have Used Cryptocurrency Exchanges to Interfere with U.S. Elections"
Reading Time: 2 minutes by Ogwu Osaemezu Emmanuel on February 20, 2018 Altcoins, Bitcoin, Commentary, News
The U.S Presidential election of 2016 was not without interference from external forces. As such, the Justice Department has claimed to have identified Russian nationals who attempted to disrupt the elections.
The Russian Trolls
According to Fortune, Russian citizens identified in a Justice Department citation released on February 16, 2018, employed cryptocurrency exchanges as part of an alleged game plan to mislead the citizens of the United States before the commencement of the 2016 presidential election. The indictment is part of the U.S special counsel, Robert Mueller's current investigation into possible election interference by the Russian government. So far, at least thirteen Russian nationals and three groups, who allegedly carried out misinformation campaigns in the U.S via Facebook and Twitter, have been pointed out.
The Russian nationals conspired with other agents and allegedly stole social security numbers, home addresses and additional vital information from U.S citizens. They then went on to use these details to create fake Paypal accounts, and spurious accounts on cryptocurrency exchanges, Mueller's investigation concluded. The indictment also declared that the mischievous groups purchased bogus U.S driver's license numbers and other identification records that enabled them to "maintain their accounts at PayPal and elsewhere, including online cryptocurrency exchanges."
The indictment failed to state what the Russian citizens used their digital currency accounts for, but it hinted that the fake bank and PayPal accounts "were used to purchase advertisements on Facebook" that aided the promotion of their U.S public misinformation campaigns.
Illegal Crypto Use
Criminals and cyberpunks have often used the power of anonymity inherent in many cryptocurrencies, as well as their decentralized nature, to perpetuate crime.
Further, it has been proven that half of all bitcoin transactions and at least 24 percent of its users may be associated with crime. In December 2017, for instance, the United States arrested a female cryptocurrency user Zoobia Shahnaz, for trying to fund terrorist organizations using fiat and digital currency. In a much larger and more international event, the U.S. Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network dolled out a fine of $110 million was dolled out against the Russia-based cryptocurrency exchange BTC-e. It was alleged that the exchange facilitated "transactions involving ransomware, computer hacking, identity theft, tax refund fraud schemes, public corruption, and drug trafficking."
The saga led to the ultimate collapse of the exchange. However, some crypto enthusiasts believe that BTC-e has been resurrected as a new exchange known as WEX.
cryptocurrency cybercrime cybersecurity exchanges fintech Russia


US manufactured by Winchester Arms Company. Model of 1917. US marked with flaming bomb and Eagle on ricasso. Bend test mark (X) still visible. Blade in unsharpened and in VG+ original condition. Bayonet fits the US 30-06 Rifle Model 1917, sometimes referred to as the "P17". Scabbard is the British type that takes a belt frog for carrying. Scabbard in VG condition with much original green finish on leather.


text:
Online Referrals
Academic Simulation
Baylor Scott & White Research Institute
Medical Insight
Why Baylor Scott & White Health
Baylor Scott & White Health
3500 Gaston Ave.
Dallas, TX 75246-2017 844.74BSWMD
Locations No Preference Baylor Scott & White The Heart Hospital – Plano Baylor University Medical Center Baylor Charles A. Sammons Cancer Baylor Scott & White Research Institute Baylor Scott & White Medical Center – Temple Baylor Scott & White Medical Center – Round Rock Baylor Scott & White Health Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center – Fort Worth Baylor Scott & White Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute
Category No Preference Research Education Service Updates The Flame Fall 2018 Spring 2018 Winter 2017 Fall 2017 Summer 2017 Spring 2017 Winter 2016 COVID-19 Focus on Research
Specialty No Preference Heart and Vascular Hematology and Medical Oncology Orthopedics Gastroenterology Allergy and Immunology Anesthesiology and Pain Management Bariatric Surgery Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Geriatric Medicine Hospice and Home Health Care Imaging and Radiology Infectious Diseases Integrative Medicine Nephrology Neuroscience Obstetrics and Gynecology Ophthalmology Otolaryngology Pathology Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Primary Care and Wellness Psychiatry and Psychology Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine Rheumatology Sleep Medicine Spine Care Supportive and Palliative Care Surgery Transplant Services Urology Wound Care Liver Disease Cancer Care
Team of five female transplant surgeons largest in the United States
Baylor Scott & White Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute|Transplant Services
Baylor Scott & White Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute is a leader in the field of transplant in numerous areas. Today, they are responsible for one more: Baylor Scott & White Health has the largest team of female abdominal transplant surgeons in the United States.
3500 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246-2017
844.74.BSWMD
Copyright © 2022 Baylor Scott & White Health. All Rights Reserved.
Privacy and Patient Rights


Pricing is determined by a number of factors: scope of work, duration, location, subjects and general risk to the well-being of the photographer. We are flexible and are willing to work with clients.
Wedding packages begin at $4000.00 which include six hours of coverage and two photographers. Each package may be created to best meet your specific needs.
Portrait sessions begin at $400.00 which includes 1 hour of shooting time in a Front Range location, multiple subjects, outfit changes, unlimited creativity and patience. You will get a DVD of retouched images and online viewing.


text:
https://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvODk1ODU0LW92ZXJ2aWV3
Coronary Artery Anomalies
Author: Louis I Bezold, MD; Chief Editor: Stuart Berger, MD more...
Sections Coronary Artery Anomalies
Knowledge of physiology, normal and variant anatomy, and anomalies of coronary circulation is an increasingly vital component in managing congenital and acquired pediatric heart disease. Congenital, inflammatory, metabolic, or degenerative disease may involve coronary circulation, and increasingly complex cardiac surgical repairs demand enhanced understanding to improve operative outcomes.
Variations in coronary anatomy are often recognized in association with structural forms of congenital heart disease. Importantly, coronary artery anomalies are a cause of sudden death in young athletes in the absence of additional heart abnormalities. Understanding the pathophysiology is important in guiding management because variations in coronary anatomy are common. Because of considerable heterogeneity of coronary vasculature, what is considered atypical, abnormal, aberrant, anomalous, accessory, ectopic, incidental, variant, or significant is often unclear. The terms anomalous or abnormal are used to define any variant form observed in less than 1% of the general population.
The Latin term corona, or crown, aptly describes coronary arteries that supply cardiac parenchyma with nutrient blood flow. Coronary arteries (most often two) are normally the only vessels arising immediately above the free margin of aortic valve from the ascending aorta. The name and nature of a coronary artery or branch is defined by that vessel's distal vascularization pattern or territory, rather than by its origin. The right coronary artery (RCA) most commonly arises separately from an ostium just below the sinotubular junction of the right (right anterior) sinus of Valsalva. The normal anatomy of the coronary arteries is shown in the image below.
Normal anatomy of coronary arteries, viewed from above with the atria removed. A = aortic valve; P = pulmonary valve; T = tricuspid valve; M = mitral valve; RCA = right coronary artery; AM = acute marginal branch of the right coronary artery; CB = conus branch of the right coronary artery; PD = posterior descending branch; AVN = atrioventricular nodal branch; Circ = circumflex coronary artery; OM = obtuse marginal branches of circumflex coronary artery; LAD = left anterior descending coronary artery; Diag = diagonal branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery; Inter = intermedius branch of the left coronary artery.
The RCA courses in the right atrioventricular groove and provides nutrient branches to the right ventricular free wall, extending to the acute margin of the heart. The distal extent of the RCA varies and may extend posteriorly as far as the obtuse margin of the heart. In 90% of patients, the RCA supplies the posterior descending coronary artery branch at the crux of the heart, which supplies the atrioventricular (AV) node and the posterior aspect of the interventricular septum.
The first branch arising from the RCA is the conal or infundibular branch, which courses anteriorly to supply the muscular right ventricular outflow tract or infundibulum. The RCA supplies blood to the atria with a highly variable pattern of small branches. The sinus node artery arises from the proximal RCA in approximately 50% of patients. The left coronary artery (LCA) arises from the mid position of the left (left anterior) sinus of Valsalva (sinuses on either side of the point of aortic and pulmonary commissural contact) just above the level of the free margin of the aortic valve leaflet and generally below the sinotubular junction.
The left coronary ostium is usually single, giving rise to a short, common LCA trunk that branches into the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (Cx) coronary arteries. The LAD courses in the anterior interventricular groove, giving rise to the anterior septal perforating branches as it extends toward the cardiac apex. Small branches may arise from the LAD and supply the anterior wall of the right ventricle. Diagonal branches arise from the LAD and course at downward angles to supply the anterolateral free wall of the left ventricle.
The Cx coronary artery courses along the left AV groove, around the obtuse margin, and posteriorly toward the crux of the heart. Should the Cx coronary reach the crux of the heart and supply the posterior descending coronary artery, the left coronary system would be termed dominant. This occurs in approximately 10% of patients. Atrial branches may arise from the Cx coronary artery and supply the sinus node in 40% of patients. Obtuse marginal branches arise from the Cx system to supply the posterolateral aspect of the left ventricle. In an estimated 70% of patients, a coronary branch (termed ramus medianus, intermedius, or intermediate branch) arises early off the left coronary system to supply an area between diagonal branches from the LAD and obtuse branches from the Cx systems.
Variability in coronary circulation
Despite the position of the heart within the chest and the position of the great arteries as they arise from the heart, aortic and pulmonary valves normally have a single point of contact, with commissural apposition at this point. Coronary arteries almost always arise normally from the "facing" sinuses of Valsalva on either side of this point of commissural contact. Coronary arteries do not normally arise from "nonfacing" or most distant sinus; however, variations in coronary anatomy are common. Variations that occur in less than 1% of the general population may be considered abnormal or anomalies. [1, 2] Coronary artery development, both normal and abnormal, has been reviewed in recent years. [3]
Number and size of coronary ostia
Normally, an individual has two or, sometimes, three coronary ostia. Often, the conal branch of the RCA may arise separately from the right sinus. The Cx or LAD may, on occasion, arise directly from the aortic root. Coronary ostia are typically equal to, or larger than, the vessel they supply.
Positioning within sinuses
Coronary arteries arise more or less perpendicular to the aortic wall. Ostia are located in the middle of the sinus, just above the free leaflet margin of the aortic leaflet and below the sinotubular junction. Coronary arteries that arise ectopically usually course tangentially to the aortic wall or arise in close relationship to the commissure of the aortic valve.
Course of coronary arteries
The course of named coronary arteries is mostly epicardial, although the proximal LAD may have an intramural or subepicardial course in 5-25% of the general population. Branches of epicardial vessels generally proceed in a perpendicular course to supply myocardial arterioles and capillaries. This uniquely designed pattern of epicardial (reservoir) and intramyocardial (nutrient) supply optimizes blood flow to the heart.
For patient education resources, see Heart Health Center as well as Tetralogy of Fallot.
The heart has a very limited capacity for anaerobic metabolism. The primary source of energy is oxidative metabolism of free fatty acids; therefore, the heart has a negligible ability to tolerate periods of ischemia, yet its capacity to extract oxygen is great (although relatively fixed), and limited degrees of hypoxemia are generally well tolerated. At rest, the oxygen requirement of the heart (8-10 mL/min/100 g) is much greater than of the skeletal muscle (0.115 mL/min/100 g). Exercise requires a 50% increase in oxygen demand primarily met by an increase in myocardial flow 3-4.5 times greater than baseline.
The pattern of coronary blood flow is unique. Epicardial coronary vessels serve as capacitance vessels, primarily filling during the period of diastole (as much as 85% of total flow), and intramural pressure and resistance to myocardial perfusion progressively increase from the outer to inner layers of the heart. Myocardial arterioles have tremendous vasodilatory reserve capacity and enable high flow and low resistance in response to exercise. Recent investigations suggest that the coronary vascular tree has a dual mechanism of vasodilatation: larger proximal vessels by endothelium-derived nitric oxide and direct stimulation of smooth muscle cell alpha2-receptors by adenosine and other metabolites. [4]
A coronary artery with an oblique origin, intramural (within the wall of the aorta) course, or positioning between the great arteries puts the coronary arteries at risk for compression and may significantly limit the reservoir capacity of the epicardial coronary system. Comparable pressure in larger vessels creates greater wall tension and is felt to cause compression of smaller vessels that are in continuity by the Laplace law (tension = pressure X radius).
Proximal areas of significant stenosis hamper the heart's capacity to respond to increased myocardial oxygen demands. The major regulators of coronary blood flow are as follows:
Intramural pressure
Aortic diastolic perfusion pressure
Myocardial metabolic rate (in turn related to heart rate, inotropic state, and systolic arterial pressure)
Autonomic nervous system control
Endothelial function
Blood viscosity in response to decreased myocardial oxygen supply
Myocardial ischemia is the primary manifestation of congenital or acquired coronary artery disease (CAD).
In Coronary Artery Anomalies, Angelini comprehensively classifies coronary anomalies in (normal) human hearts, as follows [5] :
Anomalies of origination and course
Anomalies of intrinsic coronary arterial anatomy
Anomalies of coronary termination
Anomalous collateral vessels
Anomalies of origination and course include the following [6] :
Absent left main trunk (split origination of the left coronary artery [LCA])
Anomalous location of coronary ostium within aortic root or near proper aortic sinus of Valsalva (for each artery): High, low, commissural
Anomalous location of coronary ostium outside normal "coronary" aortic sinuses
Anomalous origination of the coronary ostium from opposite, facing "coronary" sinus (potentially involves joint origination or adjacent double ostia) Variants include the following: (1) the right coronary artery (RCA) arising from the left anterior sinus, with anomalous course; (2) the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery arising from right anterior sinus, with anomalous course; (3) the circumflex artery arising from the right anterior sinus, with anomalous course; and (4) the LCA arising from the right anterior sinus, with anomalous course
Single coronary artery
For more detailed information, please refer to Angelini P, Velasco JA, Flamm S. Coronary anomalies: incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical relevance. Circulation. 2002 May 21;105(20):2449-54. PMID: 12021235. [6]
Anomalies of intrinsic coronary arterial anatomy include the following:
Congenital ostial stenosis or atresia (LCA, LAD, RCA, Cx): Coronary ostial dimple, coronary ectasia or aneurysm
Absent coronary artery
Coronary hypoplasia
Intramural coronary artery (muscular bridge)
Subendocardial coronary course
Coronary crossing
Anomalous origination of posterior descending artery from anterior descending branch or septal penetrating branch
Absent PD (split RCA): Variants include proximal and distal PDs, both arising from the RCA
Absent LAD (split LAD): Variants include (1) LAD and a first large septal branch and (2) double LAD
Ectopic origination of first septal branch
Anomalies of coronary termination may include inadequate arteriolar/capillary ramifications as well as fistulas from the RCA, LCA, or infundibular artery to the following:
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Coronary sinus
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Multiple, right and left ventricles
United States data
A higher incidence of coronary anomalies is observed in young victims of sudden death than in adults (4-15% vs 1%, respectively). Several large studies address the frequency of minor and major coronary anomalies in different subsets of patients by varying techniques and recording methods. Angelini's comprehensive review identified an incidence of coronary anomalies in 5.6% of consecutive patients undergoing angiographic study and is shown in the image below. [5]
Incidence of coronary artery abnormalities detected in 1,950 selective coronary angiograms performed in adult patients with suspected coronary arterial obstructive disease and otherwise anatomically normal hearts.
The most common coronary variants were split RCA (1.23%) and ectopic origin of the RCA near the right aortic sinus (1.13%). Many coronary variations, such as intramural extension or myocardial bridging of the LAD, which occurs in 5-25% of patients, are so common, they are not considered an anomaly.
Anomalous origins of the coronary arteries have been described in siblings, [7] and a recent study suggested a higher incidence of asymptomatic anomalous coronary origins in first-degree relatives of patients with an anomalous coronary, raising the question of whether screening family members should be considered. [8]
In a large retrospective incidence study, coronary artery anomalies were found in 1% of adults and 0.9% of children. [9] Anomalous left circumflex artery was the most common anomaly in adults (25%). The majority of adults were asymptomatic; anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery and myocardial bridges were the only anomalies responsible for anginalike symptoms in adults. In children, anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery was most common (48%), it was generally detected due to symptoms, and it always required urgent surgical treatment. [9]
Race-, sex-, and age-related demographics
No racial or sexual predisposition is known.
Anomalous origin of the LCA from the pulmonary artery presents in early infancy. Significant coronary anomalies usually result in symptoms or sudden death in older children or young adults. Numerous incidental coronary anomalies may be detected at the time of coronary angiography in later adult life.
Morbidity/mortality
Many coronary anomalies are clinically silent and are recognized only at the time of autopsy. The incidence of incidental coronary anomalies at autopsy includes a single coronary artery in 0.024% and coronary arterial fistulae in 0.2%. After hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery abnormalities are the second most common cause of sudden death in young athletes.
Janik M, Chappell CH, Green TF, Kacharava AG. Two coincident coronary anomalies: absent left main coronary artery and origin of the right coronary artery from the middle left anterior descending artery. Tex Heart Inst J. 2009. 36(2):180-1. [Medline].
Misuraca L, Rutigliano D, Pestrichella V, Contegiacomo G, Balbarini A. A very rare congenital abnormality: double right coronary artery. A case report. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2009 Aug. 10(8):643-5. [Medline].
Lluri G, Aboulhosn J. Coronary arterial development: a review of normal and congenitally anomalous patterns. Clin Cardiol. 2014 Feb. 37(2):126-30. [Medline].
Liu Y, Lu X, Xiang FL, et al. Nitric oxide synthase-3 deficiency results in hypoplastic coronary arteries and postnatal myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2014 Apr. 35(14):920-31. [Medline].
Angelini P, Fairchild VD, eds. Coronary Artery Anomalies: A Comprehensive Approach. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1999.
[Guideline] Maron BJ, Levine BD, Washington RL, Baggish AL, Kovacs RJ, Maron MS. Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: Task Force 2: preparticipation screening for cardiovascular disease in competitive athletes: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Dec 1. 66(21):2356-61. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Devanagondi R, Brenner J, Vricella L, Ravekes W. A tale of two brothers: anomalous coronary arteries in two siblings. Pediatr Cardiol. 2008 Jul. 29(4):816-9. [Medline].
Brothers JA, Stephens P, Gaynor JW, Lorber R, Vricella LA, Paridon SM. Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery with an interarterial course: should family screening be routine?. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 May 27. 51(21):2062-4. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Tuo G, Marasini M, Brunelli C, Zannini L, Balbi M. Incidence and clinical relevance of primary congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries in children and adults. Cardiol Young. 2013 Jun. 23(3):381-6. [Medline].
Silva J, Costa M, Mota P, Leitao-Marques AM. Myocardial infarction with anomalous coronary anatomy. Rev Port Cardiol. 2009 Feb. 28(2):201-5. [Medline].
Lowry AW, Olabiyi OO, Adachi I, Moodie DS, Knudson JD. Coronary artery anatomy in congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis. 2013 May-Jun. 8(3):187-202. [Medline].
Sim EK, van Son JA, Edwards WD, et al. Coronary artery anatomy in complete transposition of the great arteries. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994. 57(4):890-894. [Medline].
Pasquini L, Parness IA, Colan SD, et al. Diagnosis of intramural coronary artery in transposition of the great arteries using two-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation. 1993 Sep. 88(3):1136-41. [Medline].
Saeed S, Hyder SN, Sadiq M. Anatomical variations of pulmonary artery and associated cardiac defects in Tetralogy of Fallot. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2009 Apr. 19(4):211-4. [Medline].
Sarkar K, Sharma SK, Kini AS. Catheter selection for coronary angiography and intervention in anomalous right coronary arteries. J Interv Cardiol. 2009 Jun. 22(3):234-9. [Medline].
Saroli T, Gelehrter S, Gomez-Fifer CA, van der Velde ME, Bove EL, Ensing GJ. Anomalies of left coronary artery origin affecting surgical repair of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and Shone complex. Echocardiography. 2008 Aug. 25(7):727-31. [Medline].
Lytrivi ID, Wong AH, Ko HH, et al. Echocardiographic diagnosis of clinically silent congenital coronary artery anomalies. Int J Cardiol. 2008 Jun 6. 126(3):386-93. [Medline].
Bornemeier RA, Eble BK, Jaquiss RD, Imamura M. Repair of an anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in a premature neonate. Congenit Heart Dis. 2008 Nov-Dec. 3(6):435-9. [Medline].
Yu FF, Lu B, Gao Y, et al. Congenital anomalies of coronary arteries in complex congenital heart disease: diagnosis and analysis with dual-source CT. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2013 Nov-Dec. 7(6):383-90. [Medline].
Sithamparanathan S, Padley SP, Rubens MB, Gatzoulis MA, Ho SY, Nicol ED. Great vessel and coronary artery anatomy in transposition and other coronary anomalies: a universal descriptive and alphanumerical sequential classification. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013 May. 6(5):624-30. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Chhatriwalla AK, Prieto LR, Brunken RC, Cerqueira MD, Younoszai A, Jaber WA. Preliminary data on the diagnostic accuracy of rubidium-82 cardiac PET perfusion imaging for the evaluation of ischemia in a pediatric population. Pediatr Cardiol. 2008 Jul. 29(4):732-8. [Medline].
Cohen M, Berger S. The electrocardiogram as an adjunct in diagnosing congenital coronary arterial anomalies. Cardiol Young. 2010 Dec. 20(Suppl 3):59-67. [Medline].
[Guideline] Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Ackerman MJ, et al. Recommendations and considerations related to preparticipation screening for cardiovascular abnormalities in competitive athletes: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism: endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2007 Mar 27. 115(12):1643-455. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Heidbuchel H, et al, for the Section of Sports Cardiology, European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Recommendations for interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiogram in the athlete. Eur Heart J. 2010 Jan. 31(2):243-59. [Medline].
Higgins JP, Ananaba IE, Higgins CL. Sudden cardiac death in young athletes: preparticipation screening for underlying cardiovascular abnormalities and approaches to prevention. Phys Sportsmed. 2013 Feb. 41(1):81-93. [Medline].
Yim ES, Basilico F, Corrado G. Early screening for cardiovascular abnormalities with preparticipation echocardiography: utility of focused physician-operated echocardiography in preparticipation screening of athletes. J Ultrasound Med. 2014 Feb. 33(2):307-13. [Medline].
[Guideline] Curry SJ, Krist AH, Owens DK, et al, for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for cardiovascular disease risk with electrocardiography: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 Jun 12. 319(22):2308-14. [Medline]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Borjesson M, Dellborg M, Niebauer J, et al. Recommendations for participation in leisure time or competitive sports in athletes-patients with coronary artery disease: a position statement from the Sports Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Eur Heart J. 2019 Jan 1. 40(1):13-8. [Medline]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Thompson PD, Myerburg RJ, Levine BD, Udelson JE, Kovacs RJ. Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: Task Force 8: coronary artery disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Dec 1. 66(21):2406-11. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Zorzi A, Vessella T, De Lazzari M, et al. Screening young athletes for diseases at risk of sudden cardiac death: role of stress testing for ventricular arrhythmias. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019 Dec 2. 2047487319890973. [Medline]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Oxborough D, Augustine D, Gati S, et al. A guideline update for the practice of echocardiography in the cardiac screening of sports participants: a joint policy statement from the British Society of Echocardiography and Cardiac Risk in the Young. Echo Res Pract. 2018 Mar. 5(1):G1-G10. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Frobel AK, Hulpke-Wette M, Schmidt KG, Laer S. Beta-blockers for congestive heart failure in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21. CD007037. [Medline].
Ginde S, Earing MG, Bartz PJ, Cava JR, Tweddell JS. Late complications after Takeuchi repair of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: case series and review of literature. Pediatr Cardiol. 2012 Oct. 33(7):1115-23. [Medline].
Mainwaring RD, Reddy VM, Reinhartz O, et al. Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery: medium-term results after surgical repair in 50 patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011 Aug. 92(2):691-7. [Medline].
Jama A, Barsoum M, Bjarnason H, Holmes DR Jr, Rihal CS. Percutaneous closure of congenital coronary artery fistulae: results and angiographic follow-up. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011 Jul. 4(7):814-21. [Medline].
Farouk A, Zahka K, Siwik E, et al. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery. J Card Surg. 2009 Jan-Feb. 24(1):49-54. [Medline].
Gadhinglajkar S, Sreedhar R. Surgery for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery: the utility of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Anesth Analg. 2009 May. 108(5):1470-2. [Medline].
Giga V, Dobric M, Beleslin B, et al. Estimation of infarct size using transthoracic Doppler echocardiographic measurement of coronary flow reserve in infarct related and reference coronary artery. Int J Cardiol. 2013 Sep 20. 168(1):169-75. [Medline].
Falcao SN, Rochitte CE, Junior WM, et al. Incremental value of perfusion over wall-motion abnormalities with the use of dobutamine-atropine stress myocardial contrast echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging for detecting coronary artery disease. Echocardiography. 2013 Jan. 30(1):45-54. [Medline].
Flynn M, Curtin R, Nowicki ER, et al. Regional wall motion abnormalities and scarring in severe functional ischemic mitral regurgitation: A pilot cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009 May. 137(5):1063-70.e2. [Medline].
Lederlin M, Thambo JB, Latrabe V, et al. Coronary imaging techniques with emphasis on CT and MRI. Pediatr Radiol. 2011 Dec. 41(12):1516-25. [Medline].
Rodriguez-Granillo GA, Rosales MA, Pugliese F, Fernandez-Pereira C, Rodriguez AE. Prevalence and characteristics of major and minor coronary artery anomalies in an adult population assessed by computed tomography coronary angiography. EuroIntervention. 2009 Mar. 4(5):641-7. [Medline].
Ou P, Celermajer DS, Marini D, et al. Safety and accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography in children after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008 May. 1(3):331-9. [Medline].
Shepard TF, Srichai MB, Kim D, Lim R, Jacobs JE. Aberrant crossed left circumflex and left anterior descending arteries: diagnosis with multidetector cardiac CT angiography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2009 Mar-Apr. 33(2):211-4. [Medline].
Aldana-Sepulveda N, Restrepo CS, Kimura-Hayama E. Single coronary artery: spectrum of imaging findings with multidetector CT. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2013 Nov-Dec. 7(6):391-9. [Medline].
Angelini P. Normal and anomalous coronary arteries: definitions and classification. Am Heart J. 1989 Feb. 117(2):418-34. [Medline].
Basso C, Maron BJ, Corrado D, Thiene G. Clinical profile of congenital coronary artery anomalies with origin from the wrong aortic sinus leading to sudden death in young competitive athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 May. 35(6):1493-501. [Medline].
Burch GH, Sahn DJ. Congenital coronary artery anomalies: the pediatric perspective. Coron Artery Dis. 2001 Dec. 12(8):605-16. [Medline].
Coudrey L. The troponins. Arch Intern Med. 1998 Jun 8. 158(11):1173-80. [Medline].
Davis JA, Cecchin F, Jones TK, Portman MA. Major coronary artery anomalies in a pediatric population: incidence and clinical importance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Feb. 37(2):593-7. [Medline].
Gould KL. Coronary Artery Stenosis. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991. 7-71.
Hanley FL, Sade RM, Blackstone EH, et al. Outcomes in neonatal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. A multiinstitutional study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993 Mar. 105(3):406-23, 424-7; discussion 423-4. [Medline].
Jaquiss RD, Tweddell JS, Litwin SB. Surgical therapy for sudden cardiac death in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2004 Oct. 51(5):1389-400. [Medline].
Kirklin JW, Barratt-Boyes BG. Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries in Cardiac Surgery. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Liberthson RR. Sudden death from cardiac causes in children and young adults. N Engl J Med. 1996 Apr 18. 334(16):1039-44. [Medline].
Memisoglu E, Hobikoglu G, Tepe MS. Congenital coronary anomalies in adults: comparison of anatomic course visualization by catheter angiography and electron beam CT. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2005 Sep. 66(1):34-42. [Medline].
Rigatelli G, Rigatelli G. Coronary artery anomalies: what we know and what we have to learn. Aproposal for a new clinical classification. Ital Heart J. 2003 May. 4(5):305-10. [Medline].
Yamanaka O, Hobbs RE. Coronary artery anomalies in 126,595 patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1990 Sep. 21(1):28-40. [Medline].
Thirteen patterns of origin and proximal epicardial course of coronary arteries in 255 hearts with complete transposition of the great arteries. LAD = left anterior descending coronary artery; LCA = left coronary artery; LCx = left circumflex coronary artery; RCA = right coronary artery. (Image courtesy of Excerpta Medica, Inc).
MRI of anomalous right coronary artery (RCA = black arrow) arising from the left sinus of Valsalva and coursing interatrially between the aorta (AO) and the pulmonary artery (PA). Note the oblique origin and the intramural course within the aortic wall, all factors compromising coronary blood flow.
Three-dimensional volume rendering from multidetector CT imaging of a large right coronary artery aneurysm (arrow). Subtraction of the myocardium in B shows the fistula draining to the coronary sinus and then into the right atrium. (Reproduced from Manghat NE, Morgan-Hughes GJ, Marshall AJ, Roobottom CA: Multidetector row computed tomography: imaging congenital coronary artery anomalies in adults. Heart 2005 Dec; 91(12): 1515-22).
Selective right coronary arterial injection in an 8-month-old female with tetralogy of Fallot malformation. Study demonstrates left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) arising early from the right coronary artery (RCA) and coursing across the right ventricular outflow tract. Left anterior oblique projection.
Operative repair of anomalous left coronary artery (LCA) from the right sinus of Valsalva. The slitlike anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right aortic sinus of Valsalva is demonstrated, as is the intramural course of the coronary artery. (B) The intramural course of the artery is unroofed, placing the functional ostium in the left sinus. (C) Tacking sutures are used to secure the intima of the new coronary ostium and to reinforce the adjacent commissure of the aortic valve. (Reproduced from Jaquiss RD, Tweddell JS, Litwin SB: Surgical therapy for sudden cardiac death in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 2004 Oct; 51(5): 1389-400).
Louis I Bezold, MD Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine; Director, Cardiology Consultation Service, Nationwide Children's Hospital
Louis I Bezold, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, Society of Pediatric Echocardiography
encoded search term (Coronary Artery Anomalies) and Coronary Artery Anomalies


Pics by 027 Photos, full gallery here. Onsite available report below. Great to see Phil winning the first Belgian Nats and his floating mode Catparts Vision built by Piet Saarberg & Hans Klok.
When foiling came to the Class, I remember Phil getting a little worried on the Class future, but this event and many others past years like wins by Thilo Keller at Garda and others have shown you can still race your floating A against latest tech , have serious fun and even win events.
I sailed myself an A-Cat only for the second time at Bordeaux Europeans 2014, it was a Scheurer G6 (floating mode) and got hooked with the Class. So foiling is not mandatory at all to enjoy and race the A-Class. The US and Worlds are also raking 'Classic' divisions too so there is still room for all.
Congrats Phil for the win!
The Belgian A-Class Championship was held at SNEH, based on the Lakes of Eau d'Heure, one hour south of Brussels, on September 10th and 11th.
The first day offered stunning sailing conditions with an established 3 Bft, 30 degrees and many liters of beers! The second day was so flat that no departure was given.
Philippe Muyzers (BEL) won with his Vision, non-foiling, followed by two frenchies: Andrew Casanova and his non-foiling Bimare V1, and Jean Darnaude on a foiling Dna.
Key highlights of the events were having Piet Saarberg himself, several capsizes and nosedives 10 meters from the finish line , foiling jumps and boat speeds over 20knots along the participation of a non legal prototype with AC45 foils type.
The organizer finishing 4th place on a floating Dna after losing his Exploder on catastrophic highway accident were his Exploder was sadly lost for good.
Good to see also a 20yrs old Mattia which didn´t finished last!
Several competitors came from up to 800kms away. What else to demonstrate once more the dynamism and passion for this Class?
Congrats to the organizers, and to the generous sponsors that made this event possible: the sailing club SNEH, Les Lacs de l'Eau d'Heure, Wanty, Ruffus, la Region Wallonne, Catacare and Forward Sailing.


In a rare move against a major cooperative, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yesterday announced it had seized over 1.8 million kilograms of milk powder from a leading dairy producer. Valley Milk Products LLC, of Strasburg, VA, incurred the penalty after FDA inspectors uncovered food safety violations in their processing plant. The numerous 40 to 50 pound sacks of apprehended milk powder were sourced from a manufacturing plant which had failed FDA inspections, and were reportedly worth just under $4 million.
The seized product was officially deemed adulterated under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act (1938). 'Adulteration' is a broad term, however, applied when a food product 'fails to meet federal or state standards.' Often it's used to describe the replacing of certain ingredients with alternative ones in a deliberate attempt by the manufacturer to save money or increase profits, but which regulators consider unacceptable (for example, the replacement of natural vanilla flavouring with artificial vanilla flavouring may be considered fraudulently adulterated if the packaging says 'naturally flavoured'). Nevertheless, the 1938 Act itself also finds food to be 'adulterated' if it contains a dangerous 'poisonous or deleterious substance,' or if the conditions in which it was prepared, packed, or held were sufficiently unsanitary to be injurious to health. Adulteration isn't always about fraud; it can also be about negligence; and the latter two conditions above seem to be those which have come to settle the Valley Milk case.
Pretty much the exact same salmonella strains had been found by the FDA in inspections of the same company in 2010, 2011 and 2013. However, the FDA has not commented upon why they waited until now to act.
Thankfully, to date, there have been no reported cases of salmonella poisoning from Valley Milk products; but the affair raises uncomfortable memories of other high-profile salmonella outbreaks from dry foods, including the 2014 Peanut Corporation of America outbreak, spread by peanut butter sold by the now-jailed Parnell Brothers.
Melinda K. Plasier, FDA Associate Commissioner for Regulatory Affairs, said the FDA had urged Valley Milk to trigger a recall voluntarily after the inspections earlier this year; but when the company failed to act, the FDA requested the U.S. District Court of Western Virginia to send U.S. Marshalls to seize the products on the FDA's behalf.


"Sunscreen, sunscreen, sunscreen" is the traditional battle cry of those concerned about the health effects of heading out for hours of fun in the summer sun. But, equally important as skin protection is eye care. Invisible UVA and UVB rays, the same ones responsible for skin damage, are well known to have harmful effects on the eyes. Recently, high energy visible light (HEV), the purples and blues that we can see, have also been shown to be dangerous to eye health.
These UV and HEV rays can cause a wide range of eye problems. Melanomas, one of the most common forms of cancer, can occur on the eyelids, the conjunctiva (membranes on the inside of the eyelid and the outside of the eye), as well as within the eye itself. Cataracts, the most common cause of blindness, can also results from excessive sun exposure over a lifetime, which is why they are often associated with old age; UVB rays are especially contributory to the development of cataracts. Another eye condition that can result from the cumulative effects of sun damage is age-related macular degeneration. Unlike cataracts, which affect the front lens part of the eye and can be corrected with a relatively common surgical procedure, macular degeneration is the result of damage to the back of the eye, which cannot be easily repaired. Corneal sunburn is another, year-round, risk. Direct UV sunlight, or rays reflecting off snow or bodies of water (oceans, lakes, swimming pools, etc), can burn the eyes' surface, causing pain, irritation, bloodshot eyes, blurred vision, light sensitivity, and excessive tearing.
Some factors put you at increased risk of developing sun related eye problems. Having paler skin and/or lighter colored eyes (blue, or light green) is a common, and unavoidable, risk factor. Older people are more susceptible to damage, especially those who have already had cataract surgery. Some medications, such as sulfa drugs, oral birth control pills, and diuretics, can also increase the risk of sun damage.
The best way to protect your eyes are, of course, a good pair of sunglasses. Make sure they block UVA, UVB, and HEV waves, and have a large lense to protect the entire eye and surrounding area. Wide brimmed hats can also help with this. Just remember to wear your hat and sunglasses even when it's cloudy out; a majority of the sun's rays penetrate clouds. Avoiding prolonged sun exposure is also a good idea. There are several supplements which have been shown in clinical trials to be helpful in slowing the progression of eye health deterioration, especially macular degeneration. Vitamins A, C, and E, along with zinc and copper, collectively known as the AREDS protocol, are the most well known and clinically studied. Other beneficial eye health supplements include lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin, omega-3 fatty acids, and bilberry.


text:
HomeOctober 17
October 17, 2016 October 16, 2016 Carl Robert Keyes Daily Advert Update, Guest ContributionBreastfeeding, Enquire of the Printer, Enslaved Children, Enslaved Women, Lindsay Hajjar, New-London Gazette, Slavery
GUEST CURATOR: Lindsay Hajjar
New-London Gazette (October 17, 1766).
"ALSO, An able body'd hearty Wench 16 Years old (with a sucking Child."
This advertisement started with the sale of a twenty-nine-year old slave, described as "strong and healthy." The seller then indicated where he was born and that he has skills in farming. Next, he stated he was selling a "Wench" who was sixteen years old. By calling her a wench he degraded her status as a woman even further. In this case, a female slave was held at even lower regard than a male slave, perhaps because of the fact that when she had a child it took away from her ability to do work. The girl being sold was "able-bodied" and could "do all Sorts of House Work," but was being sold because of "her breeding." The words "breeding" and "wench" show the seller's opinion about women, especially enslaved women, as well as an assumption that because she was a women and a slave she should be good at housework because that was what she was born to do.
In "Work, Pregnancy, and Infant Mortality among Southern Slaves," John Campbell talks about how in the South slave owners placed value not on the gender of slaves but rather their age and physical condition. Campbell also points out that both male and female slaves were "harvesting equal proportions of cotton," showing that in the South it did not matter to the slave owners the gender of the slave as long as they were capable of doing the work.[1] However, this advertisement was printed in the northern colony of Connecticut during an earlier period; the seller's tone was different. It changed, becoming more aggressive and angry when going from depicting the man to the girl being sold. It is as if the seller was annoyed that she had a child that was now going to be a burden on him and he had to sell them because the child would be a distraction to her. He was not willing to make the long-term investment in the child, showing that Northern slave owners in the colonial period were not as ambivalent about their slaves' genders as Southern slave owners were in the nineteenth century. In his advertisement the seller said the young woman came "with a sucking child." He seemed upset with the fact that she had a child and that the child was nothing but an inconvenience, because the child was still breastfeeding. Female slaves could be looked at as beneficial because they had the ability to produce more slaves for their owners but that could also be a shortcoming because when they were pregnant and while the child was dependent mothers were not able to work to the same capacity.
ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY: Carl Robert Keyes
I appreciate how Lindsay compares the sentiments expressed in today's advertisement to the attitudes adopted by slaveholders in another region during another period, underscoring that there was not a monolithic experience of slavery in America. Instead, different people (both enslaved and free) faced very different circumstances depending on the period and place in which they lived.
Another notice that appeared on the same page of the New-London Gazette further complicates today's advertisement. "We are told," an anonymous narrator (perhaps the printer) proclaimed, "that the Negro Wench advertised for Sale in this Paper, has had Three living Children, tho' she is only 16 Years old. — A rare Instance of Prollfickness!" (Presumably the last word was supposed to be "prolificness.") As Lindsay noted, the seller wished to be rid of this young woman solely because of her "breeding" and the inconveniences that it caused. The other notice, however, seemed to celebrate the young enslaved woman's ability to produce children, promoting her fecundity as a selling point for potential buyers.
Who was responsible for the announcement that the sixteen-year-old "hearty Wench" already had three children? Was this an advertisement – a puff piece – placed by the current owner of the young woman in hopes of generating interest and making a sale? Or did the printer insert it of his own volition, as a point of interest he hoped would inform and entertain readers? The placement on the page makes it difficult to reach any particular conclusion. The notice appeared among the advertisements included in that issue of the New-London Gazette, but it appears at the bottom of the column immediately to the left of the column in which the advertisement for the "hearty Wench" was printed. It may have been positioned to prime readers to consider purchasing the young woman, but it also could have been intended as amusing filler when news and advertising did not completely fill the column. Either way, it now provides disheartening evidence concerning the levels of degradation one enslaved woman experienced at the hands of her captor and his community.
When Lindsay first presented this advertisement for my approval, I thought I might contemplate whether it suggested a family was being separated. When I examined it in the context of the rest of the issue, however, I discovered a much more revolting situation.
[1] John Campbell, "Work, Pregnancy, and Infant Mortality among Southern Slaves," Journal of Interdisciplinary History 14, no. 4 (Spring 1984): 797.
← Slavery Advertisements Published October 17, 1766
Slavery Advertisements Published October 18, 1766 →


When trust is at risk, great leaders turn disaster into triumph and build trust instead. Here's how.
The following video seems to show a police officer planting drugs to make an arrest. Interesting and concerning.
THEN the Baltimore PD handles it at the news conference. Watch what they say.
How did you feel watching the officer's actions?
Then how did you feel after watching the Baltimore PD response?
Does the Baltimore PD response make you feel more or less likely to trust their department in the future?
It's not the mistake, it's how we respond.
Controlling information (no cameras) is a form of "using force." It's intellectual violence that creates fear and resistance.
Transparency (using cameras) builds accountability, trust, and cooperation.
See the full original article at the NBC News website.


Ekiti State Governor, Dr. Kayode Fayemi, has reinstated three Permanent Secretaries whose appointments were reversed by the Ayo Fayose administration in 2014.
According to a statement by the Chief Press Secretary to the Governor, Mr. Yinka Oyebode, the affected Permanent Secretaries are Mrs. Grace Iyabo Fadipe, Mr. Emmanuel Olajide Owolabi and Mr. James Babalola Folorunso.
Fayemi also directed that their entitlements from the period their appointments were reversed be calculated and paid.
Their reinstatements came barely two months after the governor also reinstated six Permanent Secretaries that were illegally sacked by the ex-governor.
The three officials were appointed Permanent Secretaries in 2014, but Fayose reversed their appointments.
Governor Fayemi, in approving their reinstatement after a review of their cases said, "What happened to them is against the rule of law and natural justice.


text:
Tuley's Takes Today: Monday's betting recaps, updated stats, Tuesday's top MLB 1st 5 plays 8/23
By Dave Tuley (VSiN.com senior reporter) Follow @ViewFromVegas
Monday was a relatively quiet day in the Tuley's Takes home office as we started handicapping the college football Week 0 games for this weekend and NFL Preseason Week 3 (we'll get to those in Point Spread Weekly, and then post in these daily columns later in the week).
I also had to pick up my son Maddux after school and take him to practice with the Las Vegas Youth Orchestra (kind of an all-star orchestra with the best from the city's schools) with a stop beforehand at McDonald's, which has become our weekly father/son time. Sunday was a relatively uneventful day around the Tuley's Takes home office and doing some chores around the house (fixing a doggie gate, cleaning out some cabinets and junk drawers, mostly stuff I'll never be able to get to when the football regular season kicks off).
While he was at practice, I ran over to the Westgate SuperBook to sweat out my Best Bet on the Yankees 1st 5 + 135 vs. the Mets – I got + 150 as the public was betting the Mets' Max Scherzer. But I got the start I wanted from the Yankees' Domingo German as he pitched a shutout through 5 innings and the Yankees got to Scherzer for 2 runs and a 2-0 lead after 5. They also won the game at + 150.
I did lost my second play on the A's 1st 5 + 120 vs. Marlins (this line bounced all over the place and change with the pitching change of Pablo Lopez to Edward Cabrera – though I thought it was going to be Cabrera when I wrote yesterday's column), Anyway, I got %plussign 0 at different times of the day with both Miami pitchers (the Lopez one was voided and refunded) and lost as the Marlins led the A's 3-0 through 5 innings and that was the final score.
But it was still a winning day thanks to those generous prices on the Yankees!
Let's recap the rest of Monday's (full-game) betting results and then look for more 1st 5 plays on Tuesday. As alluded to above, we'll add any CFB or NFL preseason games later in the week.
Monday's recaps
NFL preseason: Jets (4.5-point home dogs) upset Falcons 24-16 Monday night to wrap up Preseason Week 2. The game went Over the closing total of 38.5; it ended up Under the opening total of 43.5 for the early birds. Faves dipped to 10-5 SU for the weekend with 1 pick-'em and 7-6-2 ATS. Road teams dipped to 9-7 SU and 8-6-2 ATS. Over/Unders split 8-8 on the week after Unders got off to a 3-1 start.
More NFL: Faves are 18-13 SU overall in the preseason with 2 pick-'ems, but dogs have taken a 15-14-2 ATS lead. Road teams lead 17-15 SU but are tied 15-15-2 ATS (note: neutral-site Hall of Fame Game not included). After starting 8-0 and then dipping to 18-11, the last 4 games have gone Over and they're back up to 22-11 (66.7 percent) overall.
MLB: Faves went 5-4 Monday with the upsets by the Brewers (+ 221 in 4-0 win at Dodgers), Rangers (+ 175 in 2-1 win at Twins), Yankees (+ 148 in 4-2 win vs. Mets) and Royals (+ 138 in 6-4 win vs. White Sox). Road teams went 5-4. Unders went 8-1 with the lone Over in the Royals-White Sox game with a total of 8 runs.
More MLB: Faves lead 1,082-719 SU (60.1 percent) on the season with 27 pick-'ems (faves usually win around 59 percent; still ahead of pace; gap had been narrowing but now well over 60 percent). Home teams lead 965-861 (52.8 percent, usually closer to 54 percent but on the rise). Unders lead 898-830-97 (52 percent).
Tuesday's Takes
Mets 1st 5 + 100 at Yankees: Yes, we were on the Yankees on Monday (because we really felt we were getting betting value at + 150), but now we're on the Mets to bounce back because that's what they've been doing all season as they're 34-10 off a loss. That's impressive! And it was believed that Jacob deGrom was going to start Tuesday's game, which would have put me in a quandary as the Mets would have heavy chalk again, or at least more than I would have been willing to lay. But we believe we've caught a break with Taijuan Walker (10-3, 3.38 ERA, 1.20 WHIP) getting the start vs. Frankie Montas (4-10, 3.87 ERA, 1.21 ERA) as we're a short dog. I didn't see any books with the 1st 5 line overnight, but I'm estimating around even money as the game line has the Mets at 115 with some books a little lower.
Brewers 1st 5 + 120 at Dodgers: For my second play, I know I've been burning trying to fade the Dodgers this summer (I shudder to think how many units I'd be up if I had passed on those plays!!!), but while it's tough to go against the Dodgers' Tony Gonsolin (15-1, 2.12 ERA, 0.88 WHIP), at least the Brewers' Corbin Burnes (9-5, 2.48 ERA, 0.93 WHIP) gives us a fighting chance at a fair price.
Good luck today (and every day!).
Minnesota Twins sign Carlos Correa to $200 million contract
Carlos Correa fails physical with Giants, signs with Mets for $315 million
Adam Burke | December 21
San Francisco Giants sign Carlos Correa to 13-year, $350 million contract


This lengthening mascara gives you modern, fanned-out volume. Get 12-hour length, lift and volume without any heaviness or clumping.
Actress, comedian and YouTube star Lilly Singh (@iisuperwomanii) is the star of Smashbox?s Super Fan campaign!
Smashbox Cosmetics are formulated without Parabens, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Phthalates, Fragrance & Talc and are free from animal testing.
Explore the entire range of Mascara available on Nykaa. Shop more Smashbox products here.You can browse through the complete world of Smashbox Mascara .


text:
Camp Countdown
Camp Countdown: No. 7 - Three reasons why there should be a takeaway spike in 2019
Safety Jordan Poyer has produced nine interceptions in his first two seasons in Buffalo - including one against Jacksonville last season.
In a word, Buffalo's turnover margin in 2018 was subpar.
A year after ranking seventh in the league in turnover margin at plus-9, Buffalo fell back to Earth in 2018 ranking 23rd with a margin of minus-5.
The figure had less to do, however, with Buffalo's defense than their struggling offense. In fact, the Bills defensive unit notched two more takeaways in 2018 (27) than they did in 2017 (25). The problem was all the giveaways with the instability at the quarterback position. Buffalo quarterbacks threw 23 interceptions last season, good for the second-highest total in the league.
With Josh Allen the entrenched starter, there is now stability at the position and armed with the experience of 11 starts there should be better decision making on the offensive side of the ball overall.
But that hasn't kept the Buffalo defensive unit from setting the bar higher again this season for their takeaway exploits.
Entering 2019, the chief focus of Buffalo's defense in season three under head coach Sean McDermott and defensive coordinator Leslie Frazier, is takeaways.
It has been a hallmark of most of McDermott's defenses, when he was a coordinator himself with most of his units ranking high in that category as well as sacks. Knowing those two elements of defense often go hand-in-hand, here are three good reasons why Buffalo's takeaway ability should spike again this fall.
1. Healthier pass rush
Last season Buffalo's pass rush was really good at times (see: Minnesota, Houston), but sustaining a level of consistency from week to week proved difficult. By season's end, the Bills ranked 26th in sacks with just 36 on the year.
Even McDermott admits that sacks aren't the only measuring tool for pass rush effectiveness. In fact, he's only concerned with affecting the quarterback's normal timing, rhythm and set up point in the pocket. He doesn't care if it comes by a quarterback hurry, a quarterback hit, a batted pass or a QB takedown.
"I think a lot of interceptions, a lot of incompletions come from just getting the quarterback moved off his spot," he said. "Affecting his vision. Affecting the trajectory of the ball or his arm. It's important that you can sack the quarterback but at a minimum, you've got to be able to affect the quarterback in some way, shape or form."
Buffalo's pass rush should have greater success in helping their teammates in the back seven. Jerry Hughes is coming off one of his most effective seasons. ProFootballFocus had him second in the league in pressure rate behind only perennial Pro Bowl DT Aaron Donald.
Fellow end Trent Murphy is now fully healthy after 2018 proved to be a rebound year coming off an ACL injury in 2017.
"I told him a few different times in OTA's how different he looks," said Frazier of Murphy. "Last year he was coming off the injury and the surgery and really kind of feeling his way. The confidence, the movement, everything looks so much better. We're hoping that continues as we get farther along, but he's a different player."
After seeing Shaq Lawson kick down to defensive tackle in some pass rush packages last season, the increased use of Lorenzo Alexander up on the line on passing downs and knowing the penetrating ability of top draft choice Ed Oliver, the Bills pass rush figures to be hurrying and affecting a lot more quarterback passes.
Camp Countdown: No. 12 - Five positions to watch at training camp
How fans can enter to win a pair of 2019 Bills Season Tickets
Camp Countdown: No. 19 - Who will be the nickel corner?
2. Better depth on back end
The first two seasons under McDermott and Frazier, Buffalo's secondary had a strong starting group. Tre'Davious White, Micah Hyde and Jordan Poyer have made up three quarters of that group with EJ Gaines and Levi Wallace being the final piece in 2017 and 2018 respectively.
After a one-year absence in Cleveland, Gaines is back and former first-round pick Kevin Johnson is in the fold as well. Taron Johnson has proven himself a worthy nickel corner and is fully healthy after playing with a torn labrum in his shoulder almost his entire rookie season.
The linebacker contingent might not be quite as deep, but Tremaine Edmunds and Matt Milano are an impressive duo in nickel package situations. Milano was leading the league in takeaways with six before his season-ending injury in Week 15, and Tremaine Edmunds' play was surging as the season closed with him being named NFL Defensive Rookie of the Month in December.
With most of those players now entering the third year in the system under Frazier, the anticipation skills and ability to just react to balls in the air or on the ground will be peaking.
"Since we got back in the spring, our main emphasis has been taking the football away, whether it's punch outs or interceptions," said Poyer. "Having all the guys around the football is important too. If the ball is on the ground or in the air your chances are better of coming up with it. Three out of four of my picks last year were tipped balls. Just being around the football it may not happen the first, second, third, fourth or fifth time, but that sixth time it might sit right in your lap."
Though interceptions for the Bills were slightly down in 2018 to what they were in 2017, Buffalo did improve when it came to recovering forced fumbles with 11 last year, up from seven the year prior. Their goal however, is to recover a higher percentage of them. The Bills only came up with 11 of those 24 fumbles forced (46%).
"The emphasis in getting takeaways is making sure everybody's running to the ball because you never know what can happen," Milano said. "Somebody strips it out, whatever it may be, but just good things happen when you do that."
3. Opponents
It may sound unconventional to count on one's opponents when it comes to racking up takeaways, but when one considers that Buffalo has six games in 2019 against opponents that ranked in the top 12 in giveaways the year before it could very well make a difference.
The Jets ranked fourth in giveaways last season with an eye-popping 30. Pittsburgh had 26 to rank seventh with Cleveland right behind them with 24 to rank eighth. Miami was 12th with 23.
The Bills face all of those teams this fall, obviously with a pair each against the Jets and Dolphins.
Even Denver, which ranked 14th in giveaways last season with 21, has a new veteran quarterback in Joe Flacco, who will be acclimating himself to a new scheme. Those opponetns could present more opportunities for Buffalo's defense.
Knowing the collective dedication on the part of Buffalo's defensive unit to film study, and the experience gained by a host of young players in 2018, making plays on the ball in 2019 figures to be on the upswing.
"Knowing the situation and obviously anticipating is really what it comes down to," said McDermott. "If you know the situation that you are in you can anticipate not only what you are going to do but what the opponent is going to do. That gives you a chance to be a step ahead or half a step ahead and in this case and that's where turnovers happen."
"I think with the guys who have been here throughout the McDermott time period, it's safe to say the guys who have been here are a lot smarter," said Micah Hyde. "Just from coaches' interactions, the film study, the detail in it. Just talking down and distance to clues that the offense might give you. Just the nuggets that we talk about day in and day out. I think this is a lot smarter football team."
Camp Countdown 2020 | Will the Bills win the AFC East?
In our final story of the Camp Countdown series, Chris Brown looks at the chances of Buffalo claiming an AFC East title in 2020.
Camp Countdown 2020 | What should be expected from Josh Allen in year three?
In our second to last story of our Camp Countdown series, Chris Brown takes a look at what fans can expect from Josh Allen in his third NFL season.
Camp Countdown 2020 | Can Buffalo's defense be a top 5 unit for a third straight season?
With veterans reporting to training camp on Tuesday, Camp Countdown takes a look at the defensive unit.
Camp Countdown 2020 | Which rookie will make the most immediate impact?
With four days to go to the start of training camp, our Camp Countdown series looks at the rookies who have the best chance to make an impact in 2020.
Camp Countdown 2020 | What are the deepest positions on the roster?
With five days until the start of training camp, Chris Brown offers his opinion on these four position groups.
Camp Countdown 2020 | Who are the training camp sleepers?
With six days to go until veterans report for training camp, Chris Brown unveils his list of under-the-radar players to watch this preseason.
Camp Countdown 2020 | 3 reasons why the Bills should be able to make up for lost time in the spring
In this edition of our Camp Countdown series, Maddy Glab looks at the factors that will help the Bills hit the ground running once camp begins.
Camp Countdown 2020 | Which veteran will have a career year?
With eight days to go to the start of training camp, our Camp Countdown series takes a look at which veterans are set-up to have a career year in 2020.
Camp Countdown 2020 | Who will be the starting right tackle?
With 10 days to go to the start of training camp, our Camp Countdown series takes a look at the top candidates for the right tackle position.
Camp Countdown 2020 | 4 reasons why the Bills should score more points in 2020
With 11 days to the start of training camp, Chris Brown takes a look at how the offense can improve their point production this season.
Camp Countdown 2020 | 5 positions to watch at camp
With 12 days to the start of training camp, Chris Brown breaks down some of the best position battles to follow this preseason.
Camp Countdown 2020 | Which Bills offer the most versatility?
With 13 days remaining to the start of training camp, our Camp Countdown series takes a look at the most versatile players on the Bills roster.


text:
package nl.javadude.scannit;

import nl.javadude.scannit.scanner.SubTypeScanner;
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;

public class ConfigurationTest {

    @Test
    public void shouldAddFilterToScannersForNewPrefix() {
        SubTypeScanner subTypeScanner = new SubTypeScanner();
        assertThat(subTypeScanner.accepts("foo.bar"), equalTo(true));
        Configuration with = Configuration.config().with(subTypeScanner);
        with.scan("nl.javadude").wireScanners();
        assertThat(subTypeScanner.accepts("foo.bar"), equalTo(false));
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldAddFiltersForPrefixesToNewScanner() {
        Configuration scan = Configuration.config().scan("nl.javadude");
        SubTypeScanner subTypeScanner = new SubTypeScanner();
        assertThat(subTypeScanner.accepts("foo.bar"), equalTo(true));
        scan.with(subTypeScanner).wireScanners();
        assertThat(subTypeScanner.accepts("foo.bar"), equalTo(false));
    }

	@Test
	public void shouldFilterPrefixesWithOr() {
		SubTypeScanner subTypeScanner = new SubTypeScanner();
		assertThat(subTypeScanner.accepts("foo.bar"), equalTo(true));
		Configuration.config().scan("nl.javadude").scan("foo").with(subTypeScanner).wireScanners();
		assertThat(subTypeScanner.accepts("foo.bar"), equalTo(true));
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Check out my 3D-Printed Arm Cannon Replica from Metroid Prime!
Over the past few months, I have been putting together a replica of the arm cannon from my favorite video game, Metroid Prime. This is part of a full set of armor that I intend to eventually complete for cosplay purposes at conventions. As this is no small endeavor, I am posting my current progress and step by step around the design, including some displays of future design philosophy.
First pass of filler primer, eventually was sanded back down and repaired with more bondo.
This is a picture of my first layer of paint. I went with a Chrysler Cool Forest Green Color and while it needs at least another can on there, along with some gloss, it is starting to look lovely.
Here are some initial wiring ideas using an Adafruit Metro and EL Tape, powered by two 12V power inverters. Both strips are going to be cut in half in order to fit into the slots, then covered with overhead transparency. The barrel is going to have two Neopixel Rings acting as the gun's various beams.
Update (2/11/16): Here's an example of the through-hole wiring of the EL Tape, along with improved painting.


text:
Q: why will Bash not add my variables together? I am writing a shell script to calculate the averages of numbers from a file but for some reason bash is not adding my numbers together.
I have tried multple ways of formatting the sum='expr $sum + $num' but keep getting errors.
while read line
do
    sum=0
    count=0
    average=0
    median=0

    #read each line, sort it and put it into tempRows file
    echo "$line" >> $tempRow
    sort $tempRow

    #add each number to the sum for avg calculation
    for i in $tempRow
        do
        num=$i
        count=`expr $count + 1`
        echo "count: $count"
        sum=`expr $sum + $num`
        echo "sum: $sum"
        done

    #perform and print average calc at the end of each line
    average=`expr $sum / $count`

    echo -e "$average\t"

    rm -f $tempRow
done < $tempFile

Currently this code gives me following output before quitting
count: 1
expr:non-numeric argument
sum:
expr:syntax error

I am sorting each line before adding to tempRow for a later median calculation
A sample file would contain multiple rows and columns of whole numbers and I would print out each rows average and median

A: Run bash -x myscript. That'll give you a trace of the execution which should make the problems clear.
Your main problem is

for i in $tempRow

The variable $tempRow contains a file name. Assuming that the name of the file does not contain any whitespace or wildcard characters, $tempRow expands to a list of one word which is that file name. So the for loop body runs once, with i set to the name of the file.
It appears that you wanted to iterate over the lines of the file. Use while read for that. Or rather, while IFS= read -r i; do ….
Some additional tips:

*

*Always put variable expansions in double quotes unless you know why not.

*Don't use expr. This is the 21st century, all shells have built-in arithmetic. count=$((count + 1)) etc.

*Your logic with the sorting at each run of the outer loop is bizarre, but I haven't tried to figure out what you're trying to calculate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Pakistan's 30 Under 30
Every year, the Forbes 30 under 30 list is published, presenting a selected list of the brightest young entrepreneurs, leaders and stars.
This year, Land of the Pure spotlights the thirteen Pakistanis on the list, including start-up founders and young innovators, who have been making outstanding contributions as trailblazing leaders of industry and business in Pakistan, and will no doubt continue to do so!
With the effects of COVID-19 and the pandemic affecting millions globally, this year has been one of the most challenging for businesses and the economy. However, despite lockdown restrictions and the hard hits that businesses have taken throughout the pandemic, these individuals have adapted their businesses accordingly and have continued to thrive.
Hamza Jawaid and Saad Jangda – Bazaar Technologies
Bazaar Technologies, co-founded by Hamza Jawaid and Saad Jangda, is an online marketplace based in Karachi, Pakistan; that connects retailers with wholesalers and manufacturers. The start-up raised an astounding $6.5 million in one of the largest seed rounds in the Middle East and North Africa region, and has the potential to revolutionise Pakistan's business stratosphere. Saad Jangda and Hamza Jawaid, graduates of the University of Michigan and the London School of Economics, respectively, were both lauded with the 30 under 30 award for the start-ups' huge success.
The founders plan to expand their footprint further across Pakistan, and continue to innovate, both by building on product capabilities and continue to offer services to customers. According to the start-up, their mission is to digitise traditional retail in Pakistan, and they have been incredibly successful in their entrepreneurial journey thus far!
Check Bazaar out here!
Image via Forbes
Image via Bazaar Tech
Muhammad Owais Qureshi and Zohaib Ali – Dastgyr
Muhammad Owais Qureshi and Zohaib Ali, co-founders of Dastgyr, a business-to-business e-commerce website, are also on the list.
Also based in Karachi, Dastgyr raised a phenomenal six-figure investment deal in 2020 from investors in the United States, Middle East and Pakistan!
The mobile-based platform makes it easier for grocery store owners to procure inventory for stores, through use of a mobile app. Addutionally, Dastgyr also offers next day deliveries to stores in Karachi and Lahore, delivering to tens of thousands of orders in the span of three months since initial launch during strict lockdown conditions.
Check Dastgyr out here!
Image via Dastgyr
Iman Jamall and Hasib Malik – CreditBook
Iman Jamall and Hasib Malik, who have been classified in the social impact category, are yet another impeccable duo, rightfully recognized for successful establishment and creativity within technology-based companies.
The husband and wife founded CreditBook in 2020, with the aim to empower small businesses in Pakistan, with a focus on managing finances. The app CreditBook enables businesses, in particular smaller ones (which have also most likely been hit hard by the pandemic) to manage their finances in a better manner.
CreditBook was developed by the husband and wife in 2020 with the aim of empowering small businesses in Pakistan, by focusing on financial management. It is an app that aids companies, especially small businesses (which are likely to have been hit hard by the pandemic), to better manage their finances to enable them to thrive in their respective industries. Talk about entrepreneurial philanthropy!
The startup raised a phenomenal $175,000 in pre-seed funding and registered 250,000 users only within the first six months! Their promising success has attracted abundant prominent investors. '[The app] focuses on simplicity and inclusivity and is available in six local languages, and has been labelled 'the most comprehensive finance-managing app' in the country.
Explore CreditBook here!
Yaseen Khalid, M.Saquib Malik and Nabeel Siddiqui – ModulusTech
The co-founders of ModulusTech; Khalif, Malik and Siddiqui, were also deservedly listed in the category for social impact. Motivated by the global refugee and housing crisis, The ModulusTech team developed a flat-pack housing technology that is "cost-effective, easy to set up, and offers beyond adequate living conditions, all while being relocatable." 'relocatable' being key in addressing this vastly complex issue. The model has been described as an innovative and sustainable construction approach that is applicable to a wide range of fields and industries; including healthcare, tourism, construction and beyond.
On top of all that tremendous success, ModulusTech has been recognised by the UN, Global CleanTech Award and various other reputable organizations for its groundbreaking efforts in providing housing solutions for individuals that are poor and/or have been displaced from their homes due to disaster, war or other reasons. Khalif, Malik and Siddiqui are what you call homegrown global pioneers!
Learn more about ModulusTech!
Misha Japanwala
A visual artist and designer, Misha Japanwala, has been listed in the Forbes 30 under 30 'The Arts' category for her work in addressing social justice issues in Pakistan through her art and design, specifically focusing on domestic violence and honor killings. She explores femininity, patriarchy and the stereotyping of women's roles in society. Her work gained traction when she collaborated with Gigi Hadid last year, and she has continued to impress since then!
Explore Misha's work here!
Image via Dawn
Abdullah Siddiqui
The talented Abdullah Siddiqui, who has been producing English-language electronic music, since the tender age of 11, has now been honoured in the 'Entertainment and Sports' category. The Lahore-based teenager, who has been dubbed a "electropop prodigy taking Pakistan by storm," produces the majority of his captivating music at home, and has become a household name in the Pakistani music space. Inspiring the next generation of artists, his work steers away from traditional South Asian music styles, exploring a range of other genres and formats. As a young artist on Nescafe Basement, he has collaborated with a range of Pakistan's biggest stars, also working on Peshawar Zalmi's anthem for PSL 2021.
Shayan Mahmud – Eikon7
Shayan Mahmud is a managing partner at Eikon7, a multinational digital marketing agency, designed to drive revenues in the digital economy through integrated marketing strategies.
Through his purposeful management, Mahmud has fostered the agency's growth to over 100 employees, alongside overseeing the agency's subsidiary: Trademor. Trademor helps support small businesses with sales and marketing on e-commerce platforms, and Mahmud has truly made his name as pioneer in Pakistan's business industry.
Hannia Zia – Digital Pakistan
Last but most definitely not the least, Hannia Zia! Her pioneering efforts in founding the Prime Minister's Office initiative 'Digital Pakistan' has landed her on the Forbes 30 under 30 list. The mission of this initiative is in enhancing connectivity, improving digital infrastructure, increasing investment in digital skills, and promoting innovation to build a more diverse and well-equipped economic landscape.
Zia was the Pakistani Government's sole product manager of its pandemic tech response, and was awarded with the Prime Minister's WHENTK award.
Image via Hannia Zia
As the above list shows - Pakistan is making strides. Whether it be the art scene, or the burgeoning start-up landscape, Pakistan's young people are making progress like never before. To bigger and better!