text:
Q1 driven by African and Asia-Pacific markets
Super Group sees 7% revenue growth in first quarterly results as a US-listed company
Neal Menashe, CEO of Super Group.
Super Group, the parent company of Betway and Spin, has released its first quarterly results as a U.S. public company, reporting revenue growth of 7% to €334.5 million (USD 357.6M) for the first quarter of 2022, driven by growth in African and Asia-Pacific markets. This was partially offset by adverse impacts from tightening regulation, and in some cases, ceasing in some European markets, according to the firm, which added that revenue was also impacted by continued shutdowns from the COVID pandemic in many markets which resulted in increased gaming activity.
Loss after tax for the first quarter of 2022 was €163.2 million (USD 174.6 million) compared to a profit of €38.6 million in the same period of the prior year. This result was affected by costs and adjustments related to the business combination with Sports Entertainment Acquisition Corporation (SEAH), a publicly-traded special purpose acquisition company (SPAC), and the following listing on the New York Stock Exchange on January 28.
Neal Menashe, CEO of Super Group, commented in a release issued May 25: "During the first quarter of 2022, Super Group began operating as a U.S. publicly listed company and continued to expand in both existing and new markets in line with our growth strategy. Our team has become accustomed to navigating the business through changing and challenging environments, and we believe the strategies that we are executing on will enable us to continue doing so as we take Super Group from strength to strength."
"The results for the first quarter of 2022 reflected revenue growth and strong cash generation but were challenged on a period over period comparative basis due to industry and economic headwinds and costs related to our business combination and listing as a public company in January," stated Alinda van Wyk, CFO of Super Group. "Despite tough period over period comparisons, Super Group experienced revenue growth and a period over period 39% increase in cash and cash equivalents."
EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, decreased to a loss of €138.2 million (USD 147.9M) in the first quarter of 2022 compared to earnings of €64.1 million in the same period from the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA, which excludes transaction costs, share listing expense, changes in valuations of warrants and earn-out liabilities, gains on derivative contracts and bargain purchases, increased 14% to €61.5 million compared to €54.0 million in the same period from the prior year.
Monthly Average Customers for the quarter increased 10% to 2.6 million despite closure and restrictions in certain European countries and the first quarter of 2021 benefiting from a resurgence of the COVID pandemic.
During the first quarter, Super Group increased its regulated market presence through the launch of both a sports betting and casino offering in Bulgaria. Also, nine new partnerships were signed during the period, including the Milwaukee Bucks, the Stock Car Pro Series Brazil and the Ghana Women's Football League. As of March 31, Super Group had over 70 brand partnerships in over 20 jurisdictions.
In Ontario, registration has been awarded for the Betway brand, and SGHC anticipates imminent registration for the Spin brands. Currently, Betway and Spin continue to operate in Ontario with the knowledge of the regulator.
Earlier this month, Super Group appointed Natara Holloway and Jonathan Jossel, Chief Executive Officer of Plaza Hotel & Casino, to its Board of Directors.
See Super Group's full Q1 financial report here.
Super Group


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← Refugees to be shipped to UK in David Cameron's forehead.
Rooney 'still hungry' after eating Wembley goal posts →
by malgor | September 8, 2015 · 12:38 pm
No trust left after BBC's 'Fake or Fortune' revealed as a fake
Bremner, Bird and Fortune
The nation's sense of trust in the BBC has reached an all-time low, following the revelation that its flagship art valuation program Fake or Fortune is itself a complete fake.
The program features a gullible member of the public who has bought a work of art by a famous artist at a massive discount because the work has not yet been authenticated. It's Fiona Bruce's job to trace the work's history across Europe and establish the all-important provenance. The gullible owner is excited by the prospect of a genuine work worth millions, but ends the program in tears, when an expert points out that Chagall never signed his name with an S.
An investigation by the Broadcasting Standards Authority, however, found that the program was made up and none of the characters were real. The findings were that the program was filmed entirely in a studio in Manchester and shots of Fiona Bruce outside the Louvre in Paris were created by back projection, using a look-alike actress, with her voice dubbed on afterwards by Russell Crowe. And the works of art were all stage props, made in the BBC's workshops.
The BBC has issued a statement rebutting the Authority's findings as 'unfounded allegations' and challenging the Authority to disclose their evidence.
"The report is obviously a total fabrication," said the show's producer. "I read it several times with a vague sense of disbelief and a nagging doubt about its authenticity, but couldn't quite put my finger on it. Then I started asking myself, why is this written with wax crayons in a school exercise book?"
The row is to be the subject matter of a Newsnight Special on BBC2 tonight, while over on BBC4, Professor Brian Cox will be presenting this year's Reith Lecture, when he will prove mathematically that it's all just a massive illusion and, if you check carefully, you'll find your TV set is actually a cutaway cardboard box full of dwarves, but still good value for the licence fee.
Comments Off on No trust left after BBC's 'Fake or Fortune' revealed as a fake
Filed under Art, Entertainment, Media, science, Showbusiness, TV
Tagged as BBC, Brian Cox, Fake or Fortune, Fiona Bruce, licence fee, reality tv

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The RYA First Aid Course is designed to teach you what to do in many of the situations where people have accidents whilst on a small craft from how to resuscitate someone to how to treat minor cuts.
This course is useful for anyone who goes out on the water and an RYA requirement for those taking Coastal Skipper and Yachtmaster Offshore exams. At the end of the course you will qualify for the RYA First Aid Certificate which is valid for 3 years from time of issue.
These are a few of the questions we get asked by people booking on the RYA First Aid Course. If you have any further queries or are unsure whether this is the course for you please call us on 01243 432485 and we will be only too happy to chat to you.
What time does the RYA First Aid Course start and finish?
The price includes a copy of the St Johns Ambulance / British Red Cross First Aid Manual and Certificate.
You just need to bring a notepad with you.
What experience do I need to complete the RYA First Aid Course?
You do not need to have any prior first aid experience or knowledge prior to attending this course.
No, this is an attendance course so you can just relax and enjoy it without the pressure of being tested at the end.
On successful completion of the course you will be issued with the RYA First Aid Certificate.
Who is a typical RYA First Aid Student?
People who wish to be able to deal with a medical emergency on board a boat.
People who are going to do their practical Yachtmaster Coastal, Yachtmaster Offshore or Advanced Powerboat qualifications where it is mandatory to have an up to date certificate.


Thought 1: Should I have blogging schedule?
Movie Mondays: I would write about the latest movie / TV show I watched the previous week.
Tech Tuesdays: Anything technical – hardware, software, code, etc.
Video Game Wednesdays: Console Games, Mobile Games, Computer games.
Thursday, Friday, Saturday – would be left for random posts, future vlog and podcast.
Followers to your blog could get bored with schedule rather quickly and subscribe-ship could drop off- not that I have to worry about that just yet.
I am not getting paid to do this yet* (more about this later – *keyword here is "yet").
I have got other obligations right now; I am a father, husband and full-time web designer with regular 9-5.
If I did launch a schedule, I didn't want the responsibility to stick to it, in hopes of not disappointing anyone.
Blogging is fun for me; I didn't want to turn in something I hate.
I have got too many random thoughts, ideas, feedback, knowledge, etc. that could not adhere to a schedule at this time.
I can go on with the cons to a blogging schedule but I rather not because we still got more to cover.
Make blogging goals – instead I came up with personal blogging goals: Try to post a written blog post at least once a week. Sometime in the near future: in addition to the written blog post, I would release at least one vlog post and one podcast to tie it all together (Still need to get some video equipment to complete this task).
With these goals, I hope to gain enough traction in the blogging community, where I can pick up some sponsors and advertisers to turn my hobby into a real career.
In the meantime, I will use traditional affiliate marketing and other methods to get some ROI for doing "this." And even its, not a success, I still just enjoy doing "it." – I'm taking about blogging here.


First kisses are glorified in pop culture as one of the most magical moments of anyone's life, but oftentimes, they aren't so glamorous. Whether it's the awkward clink of braces bumping against each other or accidentally missing the other person's face, first kisses make for sweet and humorous memories.
Quotes from the St. Paul Academy and Summit School community about their first kisses have been collected, along with where they happened. Take a look at the map and read about these first forays into the romantic world.
Note: Quotes have been made anonymous because first kisses are a universal experience, so instead of attaching the experience to an individual, we wanted to share them as they are.


Experts say that it demonstrates your creativity and talent. Laurie uses her expertise in marketing and technology to teach job seekers how to build their online image, become indispensable and be in-demand. In addition to design, an infographic resume allows you to showcase your skills in marketing, branding, writing, presentation, and social media. Our free templates take the guesswork out of design. Another thing you can do is to check out as many examples as you can, especially those that have helped their authors land them that dream job. In some cases, if you have a degree from a top university, you would like to put your Education upfront. You will find everything that has anything to do with getting your job search started on the right foot, keeping your search momentum and even ideas for your success as a solopreneur or small business! They want professional and professional to them is black and white with paragraphs meticulously edited to their standards.
Would you consider creating an infographic resume? It is rightly said that a pictures speaks a thousand words and the same holds true when it comes to infographic resume. You should be using your cleverness to tell a compelling story about yourself. Â This is another Great Website to make Professional one Resume creator. A well-designed infographic resume should have a clear purpose, making it easy for viewers to understand the story being told. Special Projects This an important section where you can showcase some of the work you have done demonstrating your mastery over the skills you mentioned above. Light blue backgrounds and shading define sections.
Here also there are all options like edit your basic profile, Social Profile and All the History within few minutes. If you have an overall vision and just need some help polishing it, free programs like or can help you outline your ideas prior to meeting with a designer. Blue, for example, is commonly used on resumes, because this color scheme is associated with trust, dependability, and strength, qualities that every hiring manager looks for. The story should easily convey who you are and what you do. Straying from the traditional resume format allows you to show your creativity, personality, and design sensibility. This is probably one of the biggest pet peeves of infographic resume haters. Plus, the built-in tips and expert advice will help you write the perfect resume.
To do this, just enter Kinzaa profile link in the address bar of the browser and hit the enter key. You can see part of resume generated while testing the service, since I have not entered complete details but when you do so you will get yourself a wonderful Resume to impress the employers. You can make your resume more interactive and informative using classmint. We on our part have looked to offer you some stunning infographic resume template options. Essentially, if an infographic makes it easier for you to describe your talents and paints a clearer picture of your experience or level of expertise, then by all means, go for it.
The competition for these jobs is fierce and she believes that a cleverly-designed infographic resume can get you the attention of the right people. The employer gets the information they need as well as the bonus of seeing your creativity at work. After creating account there, you can edit your profile summary, work experience, education, links, skills, interests, languages, stats, recommendations and awards. As a job seeker one must have noticed that there is extensive competition in store and one should also note that in the days ahead, it is only going to get stiffer. .
You can create either Text or visual resume from here. In addition to that, this sort of thing improves your credibility. Send It as an Addition to Regular Resume Some jobs will be a bit more flexible, so you may be able to include your infographic resume as accompanying piece to your regular resume. In fact, some professionals are opting to use infographics to create a cool online bio to use primarily for networking — and sticking with something more traditional when formally submitting a resume. Key information here include company name, period you worked for from — to , last position in the organization and a small paragraph on your role there. The elements you include will be similar to a traditional resume format, but will be displayed more visually.
Firstly, being a free option, one can get access to these templates without spending in money. As Like above Sites we mentioned this site also supports Connect with Linkedin Profile login. There is indeed a lot to gain in such a scenario. Typically, that includes experience, skills and contact information, although this will vary by your field of work. As you use a traditional resume as a marketing document to sell your skills and highlight relevant work experience, adding an infographic can help you stand out even more. Arial and Times New Roman are recommended fonts for resumes.
She then realized her true passion was in helping other women use strategic marketing to get what they desired out of their careers. Be a better networker An infographic resume can also be a very effective networking tool. If the content itself is confusing, or the display of the content is hard to follow, the message will be unsuccessful. In the earlier posts I have shared two different tools to make professional resume; and. You may edit your profile, Work experience and all the things! I can immediately see how many years he has in the industry, what his strongest skills are and where he has the most experience.
A skilled designer can apply these principles to create a successful visual representation of your message. David Ingram has a clearly stated tag line and then backs it up with the content on the rest of the page. The dynamic layout and little graphic elements make the design sharp and original. Read on for our advice on using this job search and networking tool to your advantage. The key will be to go through the options and then select something, which should create an immediate positive impact. After uploading your photo and adding a few words about yourself, you can add links, words, and other content of your choice to the page.


The Pioneer Pro Audio BULIT series is designed for great audio feedback while practicing, producing, and creating music. These studio monitors are offered in three models with varying size drivers – five, six, or eight inch – to fit your taste and environment. Each model features excellent sound quality, improved bass response and reliability, three types of inputs, and built-in equalization, useful if you want to achieve the highest accuracy in sound reproduction.


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Men's Nudist / Naturist Social Gathering
MNNSG
Web page: https://www.meetup.com/Mens-Nudist-Naturalist-Social-Gathering/
Gay Ottawa Naked Under the Sun
GoNuts
Ottawa ON
Web page: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ottawa_gonuts
Bare Ass Naked Guys
Web page: http://www.passion.com/intgroups/gi28527/acshow_group.html
Men's Tantra Circle
Web page: https://www.meetup.com/Mens-Tantra-Circle/
Key West Men's Naked Yoga
Web page: https://www.meetup.com/Key-West-Mens-Naked-Yoga/
About these classes: Visit website for classes and contact form.
River City Gay Naturists
RCGN
Web page: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/RCGN
Nude Devil's Garden Enthusiasts
Vitambi Springs Resort
28280 Etumakee Way
Clewiston FL 33440-7657
Web page: http://www.vitambi.com
Portland Naked Men's Yoga
Web page: http://www.portlandnakedmensyoga.com
About these classes: The intention for the Portland Naked Men's Community is for the Naked Yogi student to fully embody himself with all his erotic or sexual tension, and use it for his own expression and power. By focusing his energy on his breath the Naked Yogi becomes stronger and self confident. Charles teaches both Naked Vinyasa, Yin, and Restoration Yoga for Men
NoCo Men's Naked Yoga
Web page: https://www.meetup.com/Fort-Collins-Mens-Naked-Yoga-Meetup-Group/
Austin Gay Nudists
1500 West Village Dr # 47
Austin TX 78733-1977
Web page: http://www.agntx.org
QMAN* * * Affiliated with GNI * * *
Saint-Jean sur Richelieu QC
Web page: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/qman
Int'l. phone: (514) 983-6100
IM screen name: advocate2525 (Yahoo!)
About this group: QMAN is a private social club or group for gay or bisexual male naturists. Formed in September 2002, QMAN was one of the first successful naturist clubs in the northeast of Canada. Our club's members hail from throughout the region and represent all ages, occupations, and economic status. Although our group is named QMAN, one's choice of sexual identity does not preclude membership. Our main objective is that our members are comfortable being naked in a social, friendly atmosphere with men, whether gay, bi, or straight. As our name denotes, however, the main core of our membership is made up of gay men.
Members of QMAN recognize that participation in our group may involve two issues for new members: the individual's comfort with joining a gay-identified organization and attending a naturist event for the first time. For those reasons, we are sensitive to the needs of new members for whom either or both issues may come up as first-timers. Confidentality is respected.
MEN Yoga
Web page: https://www.menyoga.club/
About these classes: About M.E.N. Yoga: M.E.N. Yoga is California's premiere naked men's fitness and yoga destination and international online studio, based in West Hollywood, CA. M.E.N. offers a full schedule of online naked yoga and shirtless fitness classes for men - including strength & conditioning (FitMen), physique training (Bootycamp, MuscleBeach) and multiple yoga class formats (MENyasa, MENd, MoveMENt). M.E.N. hires top-tier instructors to teach and coach men from almost every continent. M.E.N. Yoga is committed to creating an accepting community for men of all colors, ages, fitness levels, sexual orientations and gender identities. M.E.N. Yoga is proud to deliver the highest quality classes, instructors, experience and products. https://instagram.com/m.e.n.yoga
Naked Mates* * * Affiliated with GNI * * *
NKDMates
Web page: http://www.nakedmates.co.uk
About this group: The group's purpose is to enable men into male nudity to connect with other men and also to provide information on events and gatherings. Most of our events take place across London and the Home Counties.
Brotherly Yoga Philly
Web page: https://www.meetup.com/Brotherly-Yoga-Philly/
About these classes: Practice brotherly love in Philadelphia Yoga helps to open your mind, explore your body and liberate your instincts. We combining different styles of yoga, Tantra, Hatha , Vinyasa. Beginners level. Create stamina and testosterone .This practice is also therapeutic.
Beach Areas Men Enjoying Naturism (in Southern California)* * * Affiliated with GNI * * *
BA-MEN
Garden Grove CA
Web page: http://BA-MEN.Org
Phone: (714) 643-BA-MEN or (562) 507-1-BA-MEN or (424) 785-4-BA-MEN or (949) 436-9-BA-MEN
Int'l. phone: +1-714 643-2263
About this group: BA-MEN has now celebrated its 14th anniversary in December 2016. We're looking for new members and event hosts in and around the greater Long Beach, Orange County, and South Bay areas. Hosts earn free membership and more!
Altogether Yoga Vauxhall
The Bonnington Centre
11 Vauxhall Grove
London SW8 1TD
Web page: http://www.altogetheryoga.com/naked-yoga-for-men-london/naked-yoga-for-men-london-vauxhall/
About these classes: For men. Vauxhall location. See website for schedule, fees and instructions. Wednesdays at 3.30 pm. In association with Naturist London.
Bexar Men San Antonio
San Antonio TX 78212-0342
Gay Nudists of Turkey
Web page: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/gaynudistsofturkey
Van Nuys Naked Yoga
7040 Haskell Ave Apt 209
Van Nuys CA 91406-5162
About these classes: Mixed gender. Meets in private residence Mondays and Wednesdays, 7:00 pm - 8:30 pm. (Sunday mornings may be added later.) No instructor -- group works off instructional DVD by Rodney Yee. Bring your own mat and towel; water and shower access provided. $10 donation.
Alabama Men Enjoying Naturism
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to make 2015 a spectacular year.
So how do you make 2015 a spectacular year?
There is an old song that I hear in the grocery store a lot.
Here's your miracle - Stand up and Fight!
stronger Christians in the new year.
the Christian that you dream of being.
that stand in your way.
to get strong in the Lord.
We have Prayers for Strength.
Visit our Miracle page and this year become a Miracle.
to spend time getting to know God better.
and give that time to the Lord.
You can become courageous this year.
You can become the Christian you want to be.
Many people are waiting for their cat to bark!
Forgive yourself when you mess up!
And when you fall down, get back up and start again!
Here's Your Sign from God - It's this page!
The following song is not a Christian song.
And it doesn't have a totally positive message.
It gets my determination stirred up!
I am going to get determined to really grow as a Christian this year.
I am going to find time to spend with you in prayer and Bible reading.
I am going to listen to Christian songs that get me stirred up to obey you and stay close to you.
And if you nudge me, I'll read some of the pages on this site.
This year I am going to feel good about my relationship with you.
Don't forget the Bible can be heard on audio on Youtube and other places - if you do not like to read.


text:
Q: How centre of projection and vanishing point are same? We know that in perspective projection Object positions are transformed to the view plane along lines that converge to the projection reference (center) point Which is like this:
But many websites saying that COP(Centre of projection) and vanishing point both are same. But we know that Parallel lines that are not parallel to the viewing
plane, converge to a vanishing point vanishing point. In the above picture if I draw the parallel line through the point $A, B, C$ then they are intersects at infinity which is vanishing point.
My question is how COP and vanishing point both are same?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Snapped up at Sundance by Amazon for a whopping $14million, the Paul Downs Colaizzo written and directed crowdpleasing comedy gives ubiquitous performer Jillian Bell a juicy lead role, charting the transformation of an overweight young woman into a marathon runner.
At just over 26 miles, the New York Marathon, stretching over five boroughs, is the longest and largest marathon in the world. The front runners make it over the finish line in about two and a half hours but over 50,000 more qualify at their own pace, motivated by all kinds of reasons and emotions as they celebrate their moment of achievement.
Producer Tobey Maguire, producer Margot Hand, producer Matthew Plouffe, Sundance Film Festival Director John Cooper, director/writer Paul Down Colaizzo and actor Jillian Bell. © 2019 Sundance Institute | photo by Jemal Countess.
It's a testament to the film's craft and heart that it picked up the Audience Award for Best U.S. Drama at the Sundance Film Festival.
Apart from Colaizzo's fresh writing and his skill with humour and characters, the film's success rests on comedian Jillian Bell who took on the role of Brittany as we watch her very funny, sometimes painful transformation from couch potato to jogger and finally marathon runner.
"My concept for the film was to take a stock character from big American comedies – the hot mess, the fat sidekick – and turn the camera squarely in her direction, then give this character the dignity she deserves," Colaizzo explains in his director's notes.
He was on hand to answer audience questions after a warmly received premiere at Sundance, along with producers, cast and the real-life Brittany.
Bell, an accomplished improv comedian who was also a writer for Saturday Night Live, wore prosthetics to simulate her character's overweight condition but described how she had undertaken a weight loss journey ahead of the film so she could understand the emotional, as well as the physical, changes she went through.
There's a slight messiness to some of the scenes and structure that actually works to give the film a naturalistic, intimate feel. One strength is an effortless diversity in the characters, from a gay running buddy to the hard-partying Asian roommate who can eat and drink anything and is spectacularly unsupportive of Brittany's efforts to change.
There are poignant and hilarious scenes at the beginning of Brittany's transformation, including her wise-cracking denial of her health issues at the doctor's office and tragic drunken pickups that pass for date nights. Having followed the journey with her, the most moving scenes are on the marathon itself, especially her struggle to the finish line.
Colaizzo worked on the script for four years once he had producers' backing, and underwent his own transformative journey in the process.


text:
Villa proxima är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Hall 1976. Villa proxima ingår i släktet Villa och familjen svävflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Svävflugor
proxima

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Brit Movie | Watch FREE Movies Online & TV Shows
Trailer Watch
A daily French-language cooking show in which Ricardo Larrivée presents accessible recipes alone or accompanied by a guest or a member of his rotating panel of contributors.
Genre: Family, Talk
Cast: Ricardo Larrivée
Studio: ICI Radio-Canada Télé
Runtime: 21:14 minutes
First Air Date: Sep 09, 2002
Last Air date: Jan 27, 2022
Episode: 815 Episode
Season: 20 Season
Keyword: cooking food
EpsAll
A daily French-language cooking show in which Ricardo Larrivée presents accessible recipes alone or accompanied by a guest or a member of his...
Release : 2002.09.09
Popularity : 475.976
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MasterChef Australia
IMDb: 7.396
MasterChef Australia is a Logie Award-winning Australian competitive cooking game show based on the original British MasterChef. It is produced by...
Popularity : 68.972
Host Guy Fieri takes a cross-country road trip to visit some of America's classic "greasy spoon" restaurants — diners, drive-ins and dives...
Rachael Ray, also known as The Rachael Ray Show, is an American talk show starring Rachael Ray that debuted in syndication in the United States and...
Aspiring restaurateurs brave Ramsay and his fiery command of the kitchen as he puts the competitors through an intense culinary academy to prove they...
Cooking Master Boy
Jewel in the Palace
Starring Lee Young Ae, it tells the tale of an orphaned kitchen cook who went on to become the king's first female physician. In a time when women...
Han-gyeol is a smart young man who hates to be tied down to one career in his life. Abhorring the idea of joining the family business, he is ordered...
Trailer: Ricardo
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Who am I? I like to think of myself as Dharma Bum, a seeker of truth. It makes me sound so "spiritual and devotional". Ha! I'm not. I started this blog after marrying my partner of several years and a growing awareness of the fragility and shortness of life. We only get one chance at this life, so we made the bold decision for me to resign from my job as an Associate & Clinical Director for a nonprofit organization serving women, and my retired partner and I took several months to explore and experience the great outdoors and our interior lives. Scary stuff…..giving up the security of a well paying job, leaving behind friends and family, and stepping out into the unknown. Finding this balance between security and our insatiable thirst for freedom and adventure is something Chris and I have talked about for years. Yes, though newly married, we've been work partners, best of friends, lovers, and now husband and wife. Between the two of us we have four grown children and for now, three grandsons. It took us many years to commit to marriage, so you may add to our self description about 'us', that we're a bit commitment phobic. I lean towards security and Chris has always leaned towards freedom and adventure. We struggle sometimes to find the right balance. We took a leap of faith to give up the financial security of my job and for awhile explored the great outdoors, living simply and with more awareness and appreciation for each precious moment. Back in the comforts of our home and into the daily work routine, our journey continues, for it truly is an inner journey. I look forward to sharing thoughts and insights with you to help strengthen our resolve to know LIFE as we practice mindfulness and gain a depth and breadth of deeper understanding and appreciation of this one life that we live.


Cascade Behavioral Health Hospital helps individuals struggling with dementia gain the tools needed to manage this disorder. Located near Seattle, Cascade is a top provider of psychiatric and cognitive treatment for older adults and their families.
Dementia is not a stand-alone disease, rather it's a general term that's used to describe a wide array of symptoms associated with a decline in thinking skills and memory that are severe enough to reduce the ability of a man or woman to perform normal activities of daily living. Alzheimer's disease represents between 60 and 80 percent of all cases of dementia, while vascular dementia – which occurs following a stroke – is the second most common type of dementia. There are up to fifty other diseases, injuries, and disabilities that can lead to symptoms of dementia, some of them, such as thyroid disease, are reversible. Often incorrectly referred to as senility or senile dementia, this reflects the erroneous belief that dementia is part of the aging process. We now understand that while the biggest risk factor for dementia is age, dementia is not a normal part of aging. The disease process for many types of dementia causes many nerve cells to stop functioning, lose connections with other neurons, and eventually die. By contrast, normal aging processes do not result in the loss of large numbers of neurons in the brain.
People who have dementia often have problems with their short-term memory and may lose the ability to carry out even the simplest daily tasks such as paying bills or keeping track of important items such as car keys. Many types of dementia worsen over time, so it's vital that anyone experiencing such symptoms be evaluated and treated by a medical physician to ensure safety and proper treatment. Early treatment can detect a reversible form of dementia and allows men and women who have dementia to attain greatest benefits from treatments and allow for the participation in clinical trials or studies as well as plan for the future.
Living with untreated or unmanaged dementia can make life extraordinarily challenging. You may find that you're unable to remember people and places the way you once could. You may start to lose your ability to communicate and find the right word for what you mean. You may begin to isolate yourself from others to prevent them from discovering how your memory has worsened. You may have trouble performing basic tasks, such as cooking and cleaning. You may feel terrified and alone, unsure of what's happening to you.
At Cascade Behavioral Health, our dedicated staff has helped many men and women just like you learn to manage the symptoms of their dementia. Our safe environment allows for the peace of mind you need to fully engage in your treatment and begin to work through your symptoms. We're ready to help you relearn things you've forgotten and reconnect you with those who love you most so that you can return to a life filled with happiness and joy.
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Has globalisation hastened the death of minor languages?
"I am always sorry when any language is lost, because languages are the pedigree of nations." – Samuel Johnson (1709-1784); English essayist, lexicographer, biographer and poet.
Things have deteriorated considerably since Dr Johnson's time. Linguists estimate that by the end of the 21st century, over half of the world's languages will have been lost. Many of them will be dead without yielding the linguistic secrets they may hold.
Linguists are understandably concerned that such a valuable part of human culture should disappear without a trace. Scholars have published an Atlas Of The World's Languages In Danger Of Disappearing.
According to the 1961 census, India had 1,100 "living languages", but there has been a steady decline in their number since then. And in their study titled People's Linguistic Survey Of India, the Bhasha Research And Publication Centre at Vadodara in Gujarat, India, revealed that the last 56 years have seen the death of 250 languages.
More unnerving is that the study foresees the demise of another 400 languages in the next 50 years. For example, in spite of many people speaking Gondi – the language of the Gonds in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Telangana, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh – it is in the "vulnerable" category in Unesco's Languages In Danger.
The Unesco list has also described Manipuri (Meitei), the Karbi language of Assam, and the Khasis in Meghalaya as endangered languages. And there are many other languages that are spoken by less than 10,000 people in Arunachal Pradesh.
In the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Onge is spoken by almost 100 people and Shompen by around 200. The risk of language extinction is high. Most of the tribal languages are in danger, while certain languages such as Pali and Ahom have already become extinct.
Also during the 1961 census, two dialects – Mita and Ksarwar – were reported in West Bengal. These were spoken by one person each. The dialects are now presumably extinct. Then in 2010, a member of the Bo tribe died, and with him the tribe's native language met its eclipse.
The phenomenon is not uniquely Indian. Around the world, languages die at the rate of one every few weeks. The distressing feature is particularly evident in America and Australia, where hundreds of aboriginal languages are extinct. Many more are on the decline in Asia and Africa.
In Europe, a large number of languages are in danger, the main reason being the pressure from dominant languages – English, French, German, Russian, Spanish and mainstream Chinese.
Murrinh Patha and Mati Ke, the languages of aborigines in Australia's Northern Territory have barely a few thousand speakers. Yuchi, the language of an American Indian tribe in Oklahoma, is faced with a similar predicament. The number of fluent speakers can be counted on the fingers.
Researchers have mapped the hotspots from where languages are disappearing most rapidly – eastern Siberia, northern Australia, central South America, Oklahoma and south-west United States and the US-Pacific Northwest.
The language of the Middle Chulym, descendants of nomadic Tartars who once lived by hunting, fishing and gathering in the forests of western Siberia, is now spoken fluently by only a handful of people.
Linguistic experts estimate that 96% of the world's languages are spoken by four percent of the world's population. At least 80% of the African languages have no orthographic. Bunuba, an Australian aboriginal language, has no more than 100 speakers left.
Ainu is a moribund language and has been endangered for the past few decades. Similarly, certain languages are on the verge of extinction in places where aboriginals still live – Australia and New Zealand.
The genetic basis of language grammar has been a subject of discourse ever since the suggestion was advanced by Noam Chomsky in the 1950s, and also by Stephen Pinker in his book, The Language Instinct.
Only after the study of several languages can it be concluded whether there are universal rules of grammar, which would indicate that it is under the control of genes rather than culture. It is generally agreed that more than half of the world's languages have no written form. With the death of the last speaker of many of these, these languages will be extinct.
And the loss will not be merely in terms of diversity but of knowledge itself. Obviously, globalisation is hastening the death of many more minor languages which may prove to be increasingly useless for materialist purposes.
The other factors are the increasing political and cultural intolerance of minorities by governments, and the spread of new media forms, notably the Internet.
The primary factor in most cases, except Provencal, is English, the international lingua franca, the language of global commerce, technical books, music videos, Hollywood films and TV.
The 30th session of the general conference of Unesco in 1999 decided that the organisation would launch and observe an International Mother Language Day on Feb 21 every year throughout the world. Such celebrations may play a significant role internationally.
AK Ghosh is the former Associate Professor of the Department Of English at Gurudas College in Kolkata, India.
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A Chat with James A. Owen
by Catherine Book
James lives in northeast Arizona and was lately in town to Guest at CopperCon32 over Labor Day weekend. I caught up with him between panels.
James is a literature renaissance man: a writer, illustrator, publisher and entrepreneur. I was curious how he characterized himself. He related how a publisher asked him the same question once. James came from comics and has written, illustrated, designed and published his own magazines and books. So he answered that he saw himself as a Merchant Prince, in training to become a Philosopher King. He feels this encompasses anything that looks interesting that he might want to do and that he would have the aptitude to do. He'd like to see a new wave of 'renaissance' people; people who will try new things. I think the work he does with schools is his way of encouraging that kind of thinking.
What came first? Drawing, he answered. He came from a family of artists. His mother, a first-grade teacher, had an easel with oil paints in the kitchen. His uncle painted Native-American Kachina dancers and his other uncle was a printer, and his aunt was a graphic designer. The earliest drawings he can remember doing were copies from coloring books his uncle made of his Kachina dancer pictures which introduced the fantasy aspect rather early on. But when did dragons appear? Dragons were completely accidental, he said. It started with his series The Chronicles of the Imaginarium Geographica. The story centers around an atlas of maps to imaginary lands. There's an actual mariner's map from about the 15th century that has a warning along the western edge: Go ye no further, Here there be monsters, Here there be dragons. So James wondered: what if you found a map with the warning on the other side? And this is where a lot of his ideas for the Chronicles came from and since he wanted to use the map, the dragons just came with it.
I asked if dragons were ruling his life now. He chuckled and admitted yes. But, as he said, he's not naïve and is aware of what people are interested in. He recognized that Harry Potter helped bring reading back to young people and Paolini brought dragons. James feels he just stepped into that niche. Is there a life after dragons? As a matter of fact, he just finished negotiating a contract for a five-book series called Fool's Hollow which is based on his Starchild graphic novels. He never finished all the stories he wanted to tell in Starchild. And since he's moved on from comics and graphic novels to illustrated novels, his fans have wanted him to return to Starchild and finish the stories. But his style has changed so much, he's a better storyteller now, and even his illustration style has changed. He didn't feel he could fit back into it anymore. But he could redo the stories in a new format and he could do them better! So, he's going to do a 20th Anniversary Nearly-Complete Starchild collection. And Fool's Hollow will follow that which will be a re-do of all those stories with his more mature style and skills.
James started self-publishing his own comics in the 1980's wave (before he could drive) which included TMNT and again in the 1990's when he had four friends he hung out with who all self-published: Dave Sim, Martin Wagner, Colleen Doran (Sandman with Neil Gaiman) and Jeff Smith (Bone). They were so popular that DC and Marvel complained their lines at trade shows were blocking DC's and Marvel's booths. He sees that experience as laying the foundation for his later success; that if he hadn't done all those things in self-publishing he wouldn't have the career he has now. His Chronicles are published with Simon & Schuster and that gives him exposure and shelf space that he could not have gotten on his own. James still does some of his own self-publishing (Drawing Out the Dragons) and his own ebooks. I wondered how he managed distribution of print editions. As it turns out, James has a rather unique distribution system. He's been hawking his own books, doing signings and drawings for seven years and has built up a network of all the good booksellers who now know him. He just calls them up.
He had made reference a couple times to his youth, so I asked him how old he was when he made his first professional sale. He was thirteen and working for his aunt as an apprentice. It was a logo for Hatch Construction and Paving up in Northern Arizona and still in use today. And what was his first professional sale in our genre? His first comicbook was called Pryderi Terra and he was sixteen. He was the youngest professional exhibitor ever to attend the San Diego ComiCon. His business partner and he got a bank loan to fund the exhibitor table and they hired his aunt to drive them since neither of them had a driver's license. Pryderi Terra was the precursor for Starchild that came along six years later.
And James continued to demonstrate his entrepreneurship when he finished Drawing Out the Dragon, a non-fiction treatise on life, choices, and belief in oneself; a nice little motivational book. Anyway, although he had successfully marketed it as an e-book, he started getting requests for print editions; however, he really didn't want to go into debt doing them. So, he set up a Kickstarter fund that raised 130% of his goal. He did a nice jacketed hardcover, and a paperback. He's planning to use Kickstarter again to fund the 20th Anniversary Nearly-Complete Essential Starchild. So, his fans and supporters should keep an eye on his website for the opportunity to score on whatever goodies he's planning to provide to contributors.
So how does James actually create 'the magic?' He related the most wonderful-sounding living/working conditions I've ever heard. He lives about three blocks from his studio which is a hundred-year old LDS church (where he attended Sunday school). He can see his children off to school, walk to work, and return home for dinner. If the spirit moves him, it's an easy walk back to the studio. So why the church? He had been living in Washington when they had a daughter and they decided to move back to his home town to give his daughter lots of family. It was a huge, beautiful, unique building but derelict. It was supposed to be a retirement home at one point. It's become his own 'Willy Wonka factory' with magic in every room. His first Sunday school classroom is his comicbook room.
And when he writes, what's most important: setting, plot or characters? At this point, he thinks plot is most significant. If one is a good storyteller, one can attract a large readership. It isn't always necessary to be the greatest writer to be successful; sometimes it's enough to be a good storyteller. He does tons of research; three shelves behind his desk hold books relevant to the current project.
What has James done of which he's most proud? He replied: the third chapter of the first Mythworld novel which takes place entirely in a nightclub in Vienna with two professors, one of ancient literature and the other of music. They were there to meet a zen illusionist. It was so tight and so complete, with lots of magic (even a little sensual) - that chapter in that book is the work of which he's most happy. He wrote a screenplay for it and would love to direct a short film. And I am pretty certain that if there's a way for that to happen, James will have the will.
James – you were a wonderful guest at our convention and a delightful interviewee. Thanks again for your time and good luck always.
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\section{Introduction}
It is natural to suspect that invariants constructed from the Riemann
tensor via contractions\footnote{We do not consider covariant
derivatives of the Riemann tensor.  That is, in the terminology of
\cite{ES}, we consider invariants of order $k=2$.} should play some
important role in general relativity.  However, it is only fair to say
that this importance has yet to be fully realized.  For example, it
has been known for a very long time that this type of invariant fails
to distinguish inequivalent spacetimes \cite{NK}. Indeed, the
inclusion of derivatives of the Riemann tensor does not overcome this
shortcoming \cite{Koutras}.  The inequivalence problem requires a more
sophisticated approach (\textit{e.g.} \cite{McS}).  Invariants are of some use
in the study of spacetime singularities (distinguishing the scalar
polynomial (\emph{sp}) type (\textit{e.g.} \cite{TCE}) which is equivalent to a
curvature \emph{pp} type \cite{Siklos}), but even here they fail to
distinguish shell crossings from more significant singularities.

Despite these shortcomings, the problem of finding a complete set of
invariants for spacetime has attracted considerable recent effort
\cite{CM,Sneddon,ZM,Pollney96}.  Here we set out to study spacetimes
which are the product of two 2-dimensional spaces, one Lorentzian and
one Riemannian, subject to a separability condition on the function
which couples the 2-spaces.  That is, we consider metrics of the form
\begin{equation}
ds^2 = ds_{\Sigma_1}^2 (u,v) + C(x^\gamma)^2 ds_{\Sigma_2}^2
(\theta,\phi)
\end{equation}
subject to the restriction
\begin{equation}
C(x^\gamma)^2=r(u,v)^2 w(\theta,\phi)^2.
\end{equation}
The spaces are known as warped products of class B \cite{CC}, with
$sig(\Sigma_1)=0$, $sig(\Sigma_2)=2\epsilon$ ( $\epsilon=\pm 1$) for
class $B_{1}$ and $sig(\Sigma_1)=2\epsilon$, $sig(\Sigma_2)=0$ for
class $B_{2}$.  A metric of sufficient generality for class $B_{1}$ is
given by\footnote{We assume that all functions are twice continuously
differentiable. We do not consider surface layers. Note that we have
chosen to write $\Sigma_{2}$ in conformally flat form for class
$B_{1}$.} (\textit{e.g.} \cite{Nakahara})
\begin{equation}
ds^2 = -2f(u,v)dudv+r(u,v)^2 g(\theta,\phi)^2 (d\theta^2 + d\phi^2)
\end{equation}
and for class $B_{2}$ by
\begin{equation}
ds^2 = f(u,v)^2(du^2+dv^2)-2r(u,v)^2 g(\theta,\phi) d\theta d\phi.
\end{equation}
There are many examples of class $\rm{B_1}$ spacetimes (for example,
\emph{all} spherical, plane, and hyperbolic spacetimes).  Examples of
spacetimes of class  $\rm{B_2}$ are considerably harder to find.  It
is known that the only physically interesting energy-momentum types
of class $\rm{B_2}$ spacetimes are non-null  electromagnetic,
$\Lambda$-term, or vacuum \cite{HC96}.

\section{The number of invariants required}

For a general Petrov type D metric, we can align the tetrad along the
principle null directions of the Weyl tensor to find a frame in which
there are in general 12 non-zero components of the curvature (complex
$\Psi_2$, the Ricci spinor components, and the Ricci scalar). Since
this alignment leaves a two parameter group of rotational freedom in
the frame (`spin' and `boost'), the number of independent invariants
for a type D spacetime is reduced by this dimension to 10.

Specializing to the given class of spacetimes, we find that if the
above frame alignment is carried out, then a number of the Ricci
spinor components are also reduced to zero. For class $B_1$ we are
left with the real components $\Phi_{00}$, $\Phi_{11}$, and
$\Phi_{22}$, while for class $B_2$, only $\Phi_{11}$ and
$\Phi_{02}=\overline{\Phi}_{20}$ remain non-zero. The number of independent
degrees of freedom arising from the Ricci components is thus reduced
to 3. However, one of these degrees can be removed by making use of
either the spin (for $B_1$) or boost (for $B_2$) freedoms still
remaining in the frame.

The number of independent invariants that we should expect to find
for the given class of spacetime is thus
\begin{displaymath}
   2 + 2 + 1 - 1 = 4,
\end{displaymath}
corresponding respectively to the Weyl and Ricci spinor freedoms, the
Ricci scalar, and the dimension of the invariance group of these
spinors.

An example of how the details of this calculation can be carried out
using \emph{GRTensorII} is given in Appendix A.

\section{The invariants}
The invariants we begin with here are the sixteen suggested by
Carminati and McLenaghan \cite{CM} augmented with an invariant
equivalent to $M$ suggested recently by Zakhary and McIntosh
\cite{ZM}.\footnote{As an aside we note here that if we consider, in the usual way (\textit{e.g.} \cite{HS}),
the secular equation $|S_{ab}-\lambda g_{ab}|=0$, where $S_{ab}$ is
the trace-free Ricci tensor, and $g_{ab}$ is the metric tensor, the
characteristic polynomial which follows is
$\alpha_1\lambda^4+\alpha_2\lambda^3+
\alpha_3\lambda^2+\alpha_4\lambda+\alpha_5=0$.  Since the
$\alpha_{i}^{'s}$ are derived from the components of $S_{ab}$ and
$g_{ab}$ by algebraic operations, they can be called `algebraic'
invariants of the tensor $S_{ab}$.  It can be shown that for this
class of spacetimes the following relationships hold between the
invariants $r_1, r_2, r_3$ and $\alpha_1, \alpha_3, \alpha_4,
\alpha_5$ ($\alpha_2=0$ is a consequence of $S_{ab}$ being
trace-free):
\begin{equation}
\mbox{$r_1=-\frac{\alpha_3}{2\alpha_1},\;\;\;r_2=\frac{3\alpha_4}{8\alpha_1},\;\;\;r_3=\frac{\alpha_3^2}{8\alpha_1^2}
-\frac{\alpha_5}{4\alpha_1}$}.
\end{equation}}
We adopt the definitions in \cite{CM} for the set\footnote{Two scalars found frequently in the physical literature are the Kretschmann scalar ($\emph{RiemSq} \equiv R_{a b c d}R^{a b c d}$, $R_{a b c d}$ the Riemann tensor) and the square of the Ricci tensor ($\emph{RicciSq} \equiv R_{a b}R^{a b}$, $R_{a b}$ the Ricci tensor). In terms of the set (\ref{CM}) these are given simply by $\emph{RiemSq}=R^{2}/6+8(r_1+Re(w_1))$ and $\emph{RicciSq}=(R^{2}+r_1)/4$.}
\begin{equation}
CM = \{R,r_1,r_2,r_3,w_1,w_2,m_1,m_2,m_3,m_4,m_5\} \label{CM}
\end{equation}
and augment these with
\begin{equation}
ZM = m_6 = \Psi_{ABCD} \Phi^{AE\dot{A}\dot{B}} {\Phi^B}_{E\dot{C}\dot{D}}
  {\Phi^C}_{F\dot{A}\dot{B}} \Phi^{DF\dot{C}\dot{D}} \label{M}.
\end{equation}
  In total this set constitutes six real and six complex invariants.
The completeness of this set has been examined recently \cite{ZM}. It
is certainly complete to degree five (degree being the total number of
Weyl, conjugate Weyl, and Ricci spinors whose contractions make up an
invariant)\footnote{It is a simple (though tedious, unless carried out
electronically) matter to write down expressions for all index
contractions among any set of $n$ curvature spinors. If this is done
to degree five, it is found that for \textit{general} spacetimes every
invariant which is not included in the CM+ZM set satisfies an identity
allowing it to be written as a rational function of members of the
set. Thus, there are no invariants of degree less than or equal to
five to be added to the CM+ZM set. \cite{Pollney96}}. In what follows
we {\it explicitly} reduce this set of eighteen invariants to four for
the spacetimes under consideration by way of
syzygies \cite{PR2}.  All
syzygies have been developed and tested with the aid of the computer
algebra package \emph{GRTensorII} \cite{GRT}.\footnote {GRTensorII is a
package which runs within MapleV. It is entirely distinct from packages
distributed with MapleV and must be obtained independently. The
GRTensorII software and documentation is distributed freely on the
World-Wide-Web from the address {\tt
http://www.astro.queensu.ca/\~{}grtensor/GRHome.html} or {\tt
http://www.maths.soton.ac.uk/\~{}dp/grtensor/}.  Worksheets which
reproduce the syzygies reported here can be downloaded from these
sites.}

\section{Syzygies}
Syzygies follow from a knowledge of which spinor components are non-zero.
In the present case the important features are that these components
are real and that the Weyl and Plebanski tensors (\textit{e.g.} \cite{PR2})
share the same principal null directions and are of type $D$ (or $O$).
Since spacetimes of the form (2) with (3) are of Petrov type $D$ (or $O$),
we have the well-known elementary syzygy\footnote{All syzygies can in fact be obtained \textit{algorithmically}.
By appropriately defining the ``degree" of a syzygy, the most general
syzygy can be constructed for any particular ``degree".  Expanding and
collecting like terms allows the coefficients to form a linear system
of equations which are then solved to find the coefficients of the
syzygy.  If there are no nonzero solutions after the linear system is
solved, then the syzygy must be of a different ``degree".  The definition
of ``degree" in this case imposes an ordering, allowing a sequential search
to be executed. In any particular case
(\textit{e.g.} as considered in this paper) the number of degrees of freedom can be
counted and so the search for syzygies can be made exhaustive.
Whereas degree is commonly used as a single parameter, as given in Section 3 above, a
multi-parameter definition of degree
is more convenient here. For example, an invariant
can be given a ``degree" $[A,B,C]$, where $A$ refers to the exponent on the Weyl
spinor, $B$ refers to the number of multiplications in the Ricci spinor, and $C$
refers to the exponent on the conjugate Weyl spinor.
In this notation, for the types of spacetimes we consider here, only two parameters
are necessary, $[A,B]$.  Given a
rule of composition: for invariants $I1=[A1,B1]$ and $I2=[A2,B2]$,
the degree of $I1*I2$ is
\begin{equation}
                 [A1,B1]+[A2,B2]=[A1+A2,B1+B2],
\end{equation}
the parameter space given by $[A,B]$ can then be searched exhaustively for the
existence of syzygies.}
\begin{equation}
6w_2^2-w_1^3=0 \label{elm}.
\end{equation}
Furthermore, for any Petrov type $D$ (or $O$) spacetime we have
\cite{Pollney95}
\begin{equation}
(3m_2 - w_1r_1)w_1 -3m_1 w_2 = 0 \label{m2}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
(3m_5 - w_1 \overline{m}_1)w_1 -3 m_3 w_2 = 0,\label{m5}
\end{equation}
where $\overline{m}_1$ is the complex conjugate of $m_1$.\footnote{For type $D$
$w_{1}$ and $w_{2}$ are non-zero, whereas for type $O$ (or $N$ or $III$)
both $w_{1}$ and $w_{2}$ vanish. In the set $CM$, for a general Ricci tensor, there remain 10 invariants
for type $D$, 9 for type $III$ (since $m_1R$=$m_2C$=$m_5R$=$0$ for the real ($R$) and imaginary ($C$) parts), 7 for
type $N$ (since $m_1C$=$m_2$=$m_5$=$0$) and of course 4 for type $O$.}  Equivalent
syzygies have been given by Zakhary and McIntosh for their set of
invariants \cite{ZM}. We observe the
following additional syzygies \cite{Musgrave}
\begin{equation}
6m_4 + w_1 r_2 = 0 \label{m4}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
m_3 - m_2 = 0. \label{m3}
\end{equation}
Further, we observe that \cite{santo} \footnote{Regarding syzygy (\ref{m1}) we note that $m_{1}=0 \Rightarrow 7r_{1}^{2}=12r_{3}$ and
that $7r_{1}^{2}=12r_{3} \Rightarrow m_{1}=0$ or $m_{1}w_{1}=3w_{2}r_{1}$.}
\begin{equation}
(-12r_{3}+7r_{1}^{2})w_{1}m_{1}-(12r_{2}^{2}-36r_{1}r_{3}+17r_{1}^{3})w_{2}=0 ,\label{m1}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
2(3m_6-m_1r_1)w_2+m_1^{2}w_1=0,\label{m6}
\end{equation}
and that
\begin{equation}
(-12r_{3}+7r_{1}^{2})^{3}-(12r_{2}^{2}-36r_{1}r_{3}+17r_{1}^{3})^{2}=0. \label{r3}
\end{equation}

The syzygy (\ref{r3}) is the counterpart for the  Plebanski tensor to the syzygy (\ref{elm})
for the Weyl tensor.\footnote{ We thank a referee for pointing this out.}
We expect that the syzygies (\ref{elm}) through (\ref{r3}) will hold in a wider class
of spacetimes than type $B$ warped products.

\section{The independent set of  invariants}
The syzygies (\ref{m2}) through (\ref{r3}) remove the independence of $m_2$,
$m_5$, $m_4$, $m_3$, $m_1$, $m_6$, and $r_3$ respectively.  According
to the syzygy (\ref{elm}) the sign of $w_2$ (which changes with signature)
cannot be obtained from $w_1$ whereas $w_1>0$. This suggests that for
metrics of the form (2) with (3) we take the set
\begin{equation}
\{R, r_1, r_2, w_2\} \label{MIN}
\end{equation}
as the independent set of scalar polynomial invariants, satisfying the
number of degrees of freedom in the curvature.

We note, however, that these do not necessarily constitute a
\emph{complete} set in the sense of classical invariant theory,
where the set is considered complete only if every invariant not
contained in the set can be written as an integral rational function
of the other members of the set \cite{Gurevich}. This is clearly not
the case here, for $w_1=\Psi_2^2$ can not be written as an integral
rational function of $w_2=\Psi_2^3$, nor vise versa, whereas $r_3$ is
determined as the root of a cubic from (\ref{r3}).

From a practical standpoint, however, we are more concerned with
isolating the functional degrees of freedom in the curvature, since by
considering a more general interdependence (ie. by allowing
non-integer exponents in our polynomials) we can in principle solve
for any other of the remaining invariants in terms of the given
set. By inspection of the invariants listed in (\ref{MIN}), it is
clear that they are functionally independent and that they make up the
required number of degrees of freedom (\textit{i.e.} 4) for the class of spacetimes in
question, and in this sense we can consider them to be a `complete' list.

The invariants are reproduced in Appendix B.

\section{Some consequences of the syzygies}
The syzygies are certainly of value for computational efficiency.
However, understanding the physical benefit of the syzygies is
somewhat more difficult.  Mixed invariants have been used to provide a
number of alignment theorems for the perfect fluid and Maxwell cases
\cite{CM} and to classify the Riemann spinor \cite{Haddow}.  Our
purpose here is to provide some physical consequences of the syzygies
presented by way of expressing them in terms of the electric and
magnetic components of the Weyl tensor, and to show how the syzygy (\ref{r3})
can be used to impose restrictions on physical quantities in the energy-momentum tensor.

It is convenient to revert to classical
notation. First we consider the Weyl tensor ($C_{abcd}$). The
``electric" and ``magnetic" parts are defined, as usual, by
\begin{equation}
E_{ac}=C_{abcd}u^{b}u^{d},
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
H_{a c}=C^{*~~~}_{abcd}u^{b}u^{d},
\end{equation}
where $u^{a}$ is a unit timelike vector and $C^*_{abcd} = \frac{1}{2}
\eta_{abef} {C^{ef}}_{cd}$ the dual tensor.  Writing
\begin{equation}
Q_{ab} = E_{ab} + iH_{ab}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\overline{C}_{abcd} = C_{abcd} + iC^*_{abcd},
\end{equation}
directly from the expression
\begin{equation}
\label{exact}
4u_{[a} Q_{b][d}u_{c]} + g_{a[c}Q_{d]b} - g_{b[c}Q_{d]a} + i
 \eta_{abef} u^e u_{[c}{Q_{d]}}^f + i \eta_{cdef} u^e u_{[a}
 {Q_{b]}}^f
\end{equation}
for $-\frac{1}{2}\overline{C}_{abcd}$ (e.g., \cite{ES}) it follows that
\begin{equation}
\label{bonnor1}
\overline{C}_{abcd} \overline{C}^{abcd} = Q_{ab} Q^{ab}
\end{equation}
and that
\begin{equation}
\label{McI1}
{{C}_{ab}}^{cd} {{\overline{C}}_{ef}}^{ab} {{\overline{C}}_{cd}}^{ef} = Q^a_b Q^b_c Q^c_a .
\end{equation}
Equivalently, it follows that $w_{1}$ ($=2I$) is given by

\begin{equation}
\label{bonnor2}
\frac{1}{16}(E_{ab} E^{ab} - H_{ab} H^{ab}) + \frac{i}{8} (H_{ab}
E^{ab})
\end{equation}
and that $w_{2}$ ($=6J$) is given by
\begin{equation}
\label{McI2}
 \frac{1}{32} (3 E^a{}_b H^b{}_c H^c{}_a - E^a{}_b E^b{}_c E^c{}_a)
	+ \frac{i}{32} (H^a{}_b H^b{}_c H^c{}_a - 3 E^a{}_b E^b{}_c
	H^c{}_a).
\end{equation}

Relations (\ref{bonnor2}) and (\ref{McI2}) hold \textit{in general} and are \textit{independent}
of the timelike vector chosen to split the Weyl tensor into its
electric and magnetic parts.  These expressions can, for example, be used to clarify
the relationship between the criterion of Bel and those of Misra and
Singh. The Bel condition \cite{Bel} is that $w_{1}$ = $w_{2}$ = 0 if
and only if the spacetime is of Petrov type N or III (or, of course
O). The condition of Misra and Singh \cite{MiS} can be stated as
$E_{ab} E^{ab} = H_{ab} H^{ab}$ and $E^a{}_b E^b{}_c E^c{}_a = H^a{}_b
H^b{}_c H^c{}_a$. Expressions (\ref{bonnor2}) and (\ref{McI2}) show
that these conditions are \textit{inequivalent}, contrary to the claim by
Zakharov \cite{Zak}.

Independence from the timelike vector chosen to split the Weyl tensor
does not, of course, extend into the mixed invariants. For example, it
follows that the real and imaginary parts of $8m_{1}$ are given by
\begin{equation}
C_{abcd} S^{ac} S^{bd} = 2 E^a_b S^b_c S^c_a - 2 E_{ab} S^{ab} S_{cd}
  u^c u^d + S^a_c u^c E_{ab} S^b_d u^d ,
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
{C}^*_{abcd} S^{ac} S^{bd} = 2 H^a_b S^b_c S^c_a - 2 H_{ab} S^{ab}
  S_{cd} u^c u^d + S^a_c u^c H_{ab} S^b_d u^d ,
\end{equation}
respectively, where $S_{ab}$ is the trace-free Ricci tensor. Expressions for the
next degree of mixed invariants ($m_2$ in the notation of \cite{CM}) have
been evaluated but the results are rather unwieldy (they contain 16
independent terms).  The important point is that with the appearance
of the vector $S^a_c u^c$ and scalar $S_{cd} u^c u^d$ it becomes
necessary to introduce an explicit form of $S_{ab}$ in order to proceed.
This avenue is explored briefly below.

Relations equivalent to (\ref{bonnor1}) (or (\ref{bonnor2})) have been
reexamined recently by Bonnor \cite{Bonnor}.  Relations equivalent to
(\ref{McI1}) (or (\ref{McI2})) have been given by McIntosh {\it et
al.} \cite{McI} for Petrov types I (or D).

Specializing now to real $\Psi_{2}$ we observe that
\begin{equation}
\label{EH}
H_{ab} E^{ab} = 0 ,
\end{equation}
and that
\begin{equation}
\label{HHH}
H^a{}_b H^b{}_c H^c{}_a = 3 E^a{}_b E^b{}_c H^c{}_a .
\end{equation}
Moreover, from (9) we obtain the further relation
\begin{equation}
\label{EHH}
24 (3 E^a{}_b H^b{}_c H^c{}_a - E^a{}_b E^b{}_c E^c{}_a)^2 =
	(E_{ab} E^{ab} - H_{ab} H^{ab})^3 .
\end{equation}
It is perhaps worth emphasizing the fact that relations (\ref{EH}),
(\ref{HHH}), and (\ref{EHH}) hold for all Petrov type $D$ spacetimes
with real $\Psi_{2}$. This includes a much wider class than class $B$ warped
product spaces.

We now wish to explore any restrictions that the syzygy (\ref{r3}) might impose on physical
quantities in the energy-momentum tensor. First, however, recall that at most three Ricci
invariants are independent. Finding syzygies associated with Ricci invariants of higher
degree\footnote{These are constructed analogously to
$r_1$, $r_2$, and $r_3$ . For example,\\
$r_4 \equiv -\frac{1}{32} S_a{}^b S_b{}^c S_c{}^d S_d{}^e S_e{}^a
\equiv  \Phi_{AB \dot{A}\dot{B}}\Phi^B{}_C{}^{\dot{B}}{}_{\dot{C}}\Phi^C{}_D{}^{\dot{C}}{}_{\dot{D}}
\Phi^D{}_E{}^{\dot{D}}{}_{\dot{E}}\Phi^{EA\dot{E}\dot{}}$.}
is a purely algorithmic procedure.\footnote{All possible combinations of $r_{1}$, $r_{2}$ and $r_{3}$
and $r_{n}$ (for each $n \geq 4$) are combined at degree $n+1$.  Expressing this
combination as a polynomial in the Ricci components, the coefficients
of any one of the Ricci components will form a linear system of
equations that can be solved to find the numerical coefficients
of the syzygy.} Ricci syzygies up to $r_{10}$ are given in Appendix C.

To begin, consider a perfect fluid,
\begin{equation}
T_{ab} = (\rho + p) u_a u_b + p g_{ab}
\end{equation}
where $\rho$ is the energy density, $p$ is the (isotropic) pressure, and
$u^a$ is the normalized timelike flow vector.  The Ricci invariants in this case all
reduce to the form
\begin{equation}
r_{n}=m_{n}(\rho + p)^{n+1},
\end{equation}
where $m_{n}$ is a constant. The syzygy (\ref{r3}) reduces to the identity $0 =
0$.  Increasing the complexity of the energy-momentum tensor
slightly does not offer anything new.  For both the case of
anisotropic pressure \cite{MM90}
\begin{equation}
T_{ab} = (\rho + p_2) u_a u_b + (p_1 - p_2) n_a n_b + p_2 g_{ab},
\end{equation}
where $n^a$ is a normalized spacelike vector orthogonal to $u^{a}$ (
$u_a n^a = 0$), and for the case of a perfect fluid with a heat flux
\cite{Ellis},
\begin{equation}
T_{ab} = (\rho + p) u_a u_b + p g_{ab} + 2 u_{(a}q_{b)},
\end{equation}
where $q^a$ is the heat flux vector such that $u_a q^a = 0$,
the syzygy (\ref{r3}) again returns the identity $0 = 0$. No information
on possible relationships between the physical quantities that
describe the spacetime can be gained from the syzygy (\ref{r3}) in these cases.
To obtain any restriction,  a more
complex physical decomposition must be considered.  The simplest
energy-momentum tensor for which the syzygy provides any
restriction is one with anisotropic pressure {\it and} a heat
flux:
\begin{equation}
T_{ab} = (\rho + p_2) u_a u_b + (p_1 - p_2) n_a n_b + p_2 g_{ab} + 2
u_{(a}q_{b)}.
\end{equation}
In this case the syzygy (\ref{r3}) reduces to
\begin{equation}
(q_{a}q^{a}-(n_{a}q^{a})^{2})^{2}(p1-p2)^{2}\textit{P}=0,\label{P}
\end{equation}
where $\textit{P}$ is a polynomial of degree 4 in
\begin{equation}
\{\rho, p_1, p_2, n_a q^a \}
\end{equation}
and degree 3 in $q_aq^a$. If $p1\not=p2$ and $q_{a}q^{a}\not=(n_{a}q^{a})^{2}$
then the syzygy (\ref{r3}) reduces to the equation $\textit{P}=0$ and this
reduces the number of independent physical scalars to four, the number of degrees of freedom. $\textit{P}$ is given by
\vspace{.25in}\\
$-p2^2\rho^4-p1^2\rho^4+2p1p2\rho^4-2p2^3\rho^3-4p2(n_{a}q^{a})^2\rho^3
+4(n_{a}q^{a})^2p1\rho^3+ \\ 2q_{a}q^{a}p2\rho^3 -2q_{a}q^{a}p1\rho^3-2p1^3\rho^3+2p1^2p2\rho^3
+2p1p2^2\rho^3-(q_{a}q^{a})^2\rho^2- \\ 2p1^3p2\rho^2+6(n_{a}q^{a})^2p1^2\rho^2-p1^4\rho^2
+8q_{a}q^{a}p2^2\rho^2+2q_{a}q^{a}p1^2\rho^2-2p1p2^3\rho^2- \\ 6p2^2(n_{a}q^{a})^2\rho^2
-p2^4\rho^2-10q_{a}q^{a}p1p2\rho^2+6p1^2p2^2\rho^2+8(q_{a}q^{a})^2p1\rho- \\ 30p2^2(n_{a}q^{a})^2p1\rho
+2q_{a}q^{a}p2^3\rho+6p2^3(n_{a}q^{a})^2\rho+8q_{a}q^{a}p1^3\rho+2p1^3p2^2\rho
+ \\ 30p1^2(n_{a}q^{a})^2p2\rho+2p2^3p1^2\rho+18q_{a}q^{a}p2(n_{a}q^{a})^2\rho-6p1^3(n_{a}q^{a})^2\rho
- \\ 2p1p2^4\rho+10q_{a}q^{a}p2^2p1\rho-10(q_{a}q^{a})^2p2\rho-2p2p1^4\rho-18q_{a}q^{a}(n_{a}q^{a})^2p1\rho
- \\ 20p1^2q_{a}q^{a}p2\rho+2p1^2p2^2q_{a}q^{a}-18q_{a}q^{a}p2^2(n_{a}q^{a})^2+10p1^3(n_{a}q^{a})^2p2
- \\ 10p2^3(n_{a}q^{a})^2p1-p2^4p1^2-(q_{a}q^{a})^2p2^2-4(n_{a}q^{a})^2p1^4-8p1^3q_{a}q^{a}p2+ \\ 4q_{a}q^{a}p1^4
-8p1(q_{a}q^{a})^2p2+4(q_{a}q^{a})^3+2p2^3p1q_{a}q^{a}+2p2^3p1^3+ \\ 54(n_{a}q^{a})^2p1q_{a}q^{a}p2
+4p2^4(n_{a}q^{a})^2-54(n_{a}q^{a})^4p1p2+27p2^2(n_{a}q^{a})^4+ \\ 27(n_{a}q^{a})^4p1^2-36q_{a}q^{a}(n_{a}q^{a})^2p1^2
-p1^4p2^2+8(q_{a}q^{a})^2p1^2$.

\newpage
It is a pleasure to thank Malcolm MacCallum for a number of useful
suggestions and two referees whose comments helped to improve this paper.
This work was supported in part by a grant (to KL) from
the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
James Hutchinson (ur. 20 kwietnia 1859 w Aberdeen, zm. 6 grudnia 1909 w Melbourne) – australijski polityk szkockiego pochodzenia, w latach 1903-1909 członek Izby Reprezentantów. Minister bez teki w pierwszym gabinecie Fishera (1908-1909).

Życiorys
Po ukończeniu szkoły podstawowej nie kontynuował nauki, lecz podjął pracę w fabryce dywanów, a później w sklepie spożywczym i piekarni. Następnie przyuczył się do zawodu drukarza i rozpoczął pracę w tym charakterze dla szkockich wydawców gazet. W 1884 zachęcony przez kolegę z pracy wyemigrował do Australii Południowej, wówczas kolonii brytyjskiej. Początkowo pracował jako drukarz, lecz stracił pracę ze względu na podjęty strajk. Wraz z dwoma kolegami zwolnionymi w podobnych okolicznościach założył własną drukarnię, która z czasem podjęła też działalność wydawniczą.

W latach 90. XIX zaangażował się w działalność polityczną, biorąc udział w tworzeniu struktur Zjednoczonej Partii Pracy, która później weszła w skład ogólnokrajowej Australijskiej Partii Pracy (ALP). Początkowo zasiadał w samorządzie lokalnym jednej z dzielnic Adelaide, a w 1898 został wybrany do Izby Zgromadzenia Australii Południowej.

Po inauguracji Związku Australijskiego w 1901 i przekształceniu Australii Południowej w jeden z jego stanów, początkowo pozostał w parlamencie w Adelajdzie, lecz w 1903 uzyskał mandat w federalnej Izbie Reprezentantów, obradującej wówczas w Melbourne. W roku 1908 został ministrem bez teki w pierwszym gabinecie premiera Andrew Fishera, w praktyce jego obowiązki związane były z reprezentowaniem ministra obrony w debatach parlamentarnych. Opuścił rząd po dymisji Fishera w czerwcu 1909. W grudniu tego samego roku nagle zachorował i zmarł, za przyczynę zgonu uznano ostre zapalenie nerek oraz pęcherzyka żółciowego.

Miał 50 lat, pozostawił żonę i szóstkę dzieci. Został pochowany w Adelajdzie w obrządku Kościoła prezbiteriańskiego, do którego należał.

Bibliografia

Członkowie Izby Reprezentantów Australii
Członkowie Parlamentu Australii Południowej
Urodzeni w 1859
Zmarli w 1909
Ludzie urodzeni w Aberdeen


Cameron told UK's most senior civil servant to demand leaked documents from Guardian.
It has been revealed that the UK government was involved at the highest level in pressuring the Guardian newspaper over its revelations about cyber-snooping by intelligence agencies.
The revelations follow protests over the detention of David Miranda, the partner of Glenn Greenwald, one of the journalists involved in publishing former US security contractor Edward Snowden's leaks.
Now it has emerged that Prime Minister David Cameron told the UK's most senior civil servant to demand the newspaper hand over the leaked documents.
Al Jazeera's Harry Smith reports.


A meteor shower is a celestial event in which a number of meteors are observed to radiate, or originate, from one point in the night sky. These meteors are caused by streams of cosmic debris called meteoroids entering Earth's atmosphere at extremely high speeds on parallel trajectories. Most meteors are smaller than a grain of sand, so almost all of them disintegrate and never hit the Earth's surface. Intense or unusual meteor showers are known as meteor outbursts and meteor storms, which may produce greater than 1000 meteors an hour. The Meteor Data Centre lists about 600 suspected meteor showers of which about 100 are well established. Several organizations provide viewing opportunities on the Internet.
The April Lyrids (LYR, IAU shower number 6 ) are a meteor shower lasting from April 16 to April 26 each year. The radiant of the meteor shower is located in the constellation Lyra, near this constellation's brightest star, Alpha Lyrae (proper name Vega). Their peak is typically around April 22 each year.
The source of the meteor shower is particles of dust shed by the long-period Comet C/1861 G1 Thatcher. The April Lyrids are the strongest annual shower of meteors from debris of a long-period comet, mainly because as far as other intermediate long-period comets go (200–10,000 years), this one has a relatively short orbital period of about 415 years. The Lyrids have been observed and reported since 687 BC; no other modern shower has been recorded as far back in time.
The shower usually peaks on around April 22 and the morning of April 23. Counts typically range from 5 to 20 meteors per hour, averaging around 10. As a result of light pollution, observers in rural areas will see more than observers in a city. Nights without a moon in the sky will reveal the most meteors. April Lyrid meteors are usually around magnitude +2. However, some meteors can be brighter, known as "Lyrid fireballs", cast shadows for a split second and leave behind smokey debris trails that last minutes.
The Eta Aquariids are a meteor shower associated with Halley's Comet.
Although this shower is not as spectacular as the Leonids, it is not an ordinary event. The Eta Aquariids get their name because their radiant appears to lie in the constellation Aquarius, near one of the constellation's brightest stars, Eta Aquarii. The shower peaks at about a rate of around a meteor per minute, although such rates are rarely seen from northern latitudes due to the low altitude of the radiant.
The Eta Aquariids are best viewed in the pre-dawn hours away from the glow of city lights. For northern observers, the radiant of the shower is only above the horizon for the few hours before dawn, and early-rising observers are often rewarded with rates that climb as the radiant rises before sunrise. The shower is best viewed from the equator to 30 degrees south latitude.
The Delta Aquariids get their name because their radiant appears to lie in the constellation Aquarius, near one of the constellation's brightest stars, Delta Aquarii. The name derives from the Latin possessive form "Aquarii". There are two branches of the Delta Aquariid meteor shower, Southern and Northern. The Southern Delta Aquariids are considered a strong shower, with an average meteor observation rate of 15–20 per hour, and a peak zenith hourly rate of 18. The average radiant is at RA=339°, DEC=−17°.
The Northern Delta Aquariids are a weaker shower, peaking later in mid August, with an average peak rate of 10 meteors per hour.
The radiant of the Orionids is located between the constellations Orion and Gemini (in the south-eastern sky before dawn, as viewed from mid-northern latitudes. The most active time of the meteor shower to be in the early morning of October 21, 2009 6 a.m. Eastern Standard Time in the United States or 11 a.m. in the United Kingdom.
Universe Today reported that the meteor shower arrived at 140,000 miles (230,000 km) per hour on the morning of the 21 when showing was predicted to be at its height, however compared to previous showers in years past, the trail of 2009 appeared narrower without branching out. Observers observing the small meteor "Halleyids" at Alabama's Space Flight Center saw streaks radiating in all directions with the naked eye.
Encke and the Taurids are believed to be remnants of a much larger comet, which has disintegrated over the past 20,000 to 30,000 years, breaking into several pieces and releasing material by normal cometary activity or perhaps occasionally by close encounters with the tidal force of Earth or other planets (Whipple, 1940; Klačka, 1999). In total, this stream of matter is the largest in the inner solar system. Since the meteor stream is rather spread out in space, Earth takes several weeks to pass through it, causing an extended period of meteor activity, compared with the much smaller periods of activity in other showers. The Taurids are also made up of weightier material, pebbles instead of dust grains.
The Leonids are a prolific meteor shower associated with the comet Tempel –Tuttle. The Leonids get their name from the location of their radiant in the constellation Leo: the meteors appear to radiate from that point in the sky. They peak in the month of November.
Earth moves through the meteoroid stream of particles left from the passages of a comet. The stream comprises solid particles, known as meteoroids, ejected by the comet as its frozen gases evaporate under the heat of the Sun when it is close enough – typically closer than Jupiter's orbit. The Leonids are a fast moving stream which encounter the path of Earth and impact at 72 km/s Larger Leonids which are about 10 mm across have a mass of half a gram and are known for generating bright (apparent magnitude −1.5) meteors. An annual Leonid shower may deposit 12 or 13 tons of particles across the entire planet.
The meteoroids left by the comet are organized in trails in orbits similar to though different from that of the comet. They are differentially disturbed by the planets, in particular Jupiter and to a lesser extent by radiation pressure from the sun, the Poynting–Robertson effect, and the Yarkovsky effect. These trails of meteoroids cause meteor showers when Earth encounters them. Old trails are spatially not dense and compose the meteor shower with a few meteors per minute. In the case of the Leonids, that tends to peak around November 18, but some are spread through several days on either side and the specific peak changes every year. Conversely, young trails are spatially very dense and the cause of meteor outbursts when the Earth enters one. Meteor storms (large outbursts) exceed 1000 meteors per hour, to be compared to the sporadic background (5 to 8 meteors per hour) and the shower background (several per hour).
The Geminids are a meteor shower caused by the object 3200 Phaethon, which is thought to be a Palladian asteroid with a "rock comet" orbit. This would make the Geminids, together with the Quadrantids, the only major meteor showers not originating from a comet. The meteors from this shower are slow moving, can be seen in December and usually peak around December 13–14, with the date of highest intensity being the morning of December 14. The shower is thought to be intensifying every year and recent showers have seen 120–160 meteors per hour under optimal conditions, generally around 02:00 to 03:00 local time. Geminids were first observed in 1862, much more recently than other showers such as the Perseids (36 AD) and Leonids (902 AD).
The meteors in this shower appear to come from a radiant in the constellation Gemini (hence the shower's name). However, they can appear almost anywhere in the night sky, and often appear yellowish in hue. Well north of the equator, the radiant rises about sunset, reaching a usable elevation from the local evening hours onwards. In the southern hemisphere, the radiant appears only around local midnight or so. Observers in the northern hemisphere will see higher Geminid rates as the radiant is higher in the sky. The meteors travel at medium speed in relation to other showers, at about 22 miles per second (35 km/s), making them fairly easy to spot. The Geminids are now considered by many to be the most consistent and active annual shower. Geminids disintegrate while at heights above 24 miles (39 km).
The Ursids (URS) meteor activity begins annually around December 17 and runs for a week plus, until the 25th or 26th. This meteor shower is named for its radiant point which is located near the star Beta Ursae Minoris in the constellation Ursa Minor.
Ursid shower delivers only a modest 10 meteors per hour under even the best conditions, it has the advantage of having a radiant near the bowl of the Little Dipper — so it's in view all night from northern latitudes.
Chelyabinsk meteor. The Chelyabinsk meteor was a superbolide caused by an approximately 20-metre near-Earth asteroid that entered Earth's atmosphere over Russia on 15 February 2013 at about 09:20 YEKT (03:20 UTC), with a speed of 19.16 ± 0.15 kilometres per second (60,000–69,000 km/h or 40,000–42,900 mph).
It quickly became a brilliant superbolide meteor over the southern Ural region. The light from the meteor was brighter than the Sun, visible up to 100 km (62 mi) away. It was observed over a wide area of the region and in neighboring republics. Some eyewitnesses also felt intense heat from the fireball.
Due to its high velocity and shallow angle of atmospheric entry, the object exploded in an air burst over Chelyabinsk Oblast, at a height of around 29.7 km (18.5 mi; 97,000 ft). The explosion generated a bright flash, producing a hot cloud of dust and gas that penetrated to 26.2 km (16.3 mi), and many surviving small fragmentary meteorites, as well as a large shock wave. The bulk of the object's energy was absorbed by the atmosphere, with a total kinetic energy before atmospheric impact estimated from infrasound and seismic measurements to be equivalent to the blast yield of 400–500 kilotons of TNT (about 1.4–1.8 PJ) range – 26 to 33 times as much energy as that released from the atomic bomb detonated at Hiroshima.
The object was undetected before its atmospheric entry, in part because its radiant was close to the Sun. Its explosion created panic among local residents, and about 1,500 people were injured seriously enough to seek medical treatment. All of the injuries were due to indirect effects rather than the meteor itself, mainly from broken glass from windows that were blown in when the shock wave arrived, minutes after the superbolide's flash. Some 7,200 buildings in six cities across the region were damaged by the explosion's shock wave, and authorities scrambled to help repair the structures in sub-freezing temperatures.
With an estimated initial mass of about 12,000–13,000 metric tons (13,000–14,000 short tons, heavier than the Eiffel Tower), and measuring about 20 metres in diameter, it is the largest known natural object to have entered Earth's atmosphere since the 1908 Tunguska event, which destroyed a wide, remote, forested, and very sparsely populated area of Siberia. The Chelyabinsk meteor is also the only meteor confirmed to have resulted in a large number of injuries. No deaths were reported.
The earlier-predicted and well-publicized close approach of a larger asteroid on the same day, the roughly 30-metre 367943 Duende, occurred about 16 hours later; the very different orbits of the two objects showed they were unrelated to each other.
Local residents witnessed extremely bright burning objects in the sky in Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, and Orenburg Oblasts, the Republic of Bashkortostan, and in neighbouring regions in Kazakhstan, when the asteroid entered the Earth's atmosphere over Russia. Amateur videos showed a fireball streaking across the sky and a loud boom several minutes afterwards. Some eyewitnesses also felt intense heat from the fireball.
The event began at 09:20:21 Yekaterinburg time, several minutes after sunrise in Chelyabinsk, and minutes before sunrise in Yekaterinburg. According to eyewitnesses, the bolide appeared brighter than the sun, as was later confirmed by NASA.An image of the object was also taken shortly after it entered the atmosphere by the weather satellite Meteosat 9. Witnesses in Chelyabinsk said that the air of the city smelled like "gunpowder", "sulfur" and "burning odors" starting about 1 hour after the fireball and lasting all day.
+ WHAT IS A METEOROID?
A meteoroid is a small body moving in the solar system that would become a meteor if it entered the earth's atmosphere.
+ WHAT IS A METEOR?
+ WHAT IS A METEORITE?
A meteorite a piece of rock or metal that has fallen to the earth's surface from outer space as a meteor. Over 90 per cent of meteorites are of rock while the remainder consist wholly or partly of iron and nickel.
+ WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF METEORITES?
Stony meteorites are meteorites made of rock, but can also contain small amounts of iron. There are two types of stony mete- orites; chondrites and achondrites.Chondrites are the most common type of meteorite. These are meteorites which have not undergone any alteration or changes since they were formed.
+ HOW MANY METEORITES HIT EARTH YEARLY?
It is estimated between 36 and 166 meteorites larger than 10 grams fall to Earth per million square kilometres per year. Over the whole surface area of Earth, that translates to 18,000 to 84,000 meteorites bigger than 10 grams per year.
+ ARE METEORITES WORTH MONEY?
Owning one is the only way to touch the cosmos, and the demand for such an experience is quite high all over the world! Many have called them the "truest form of black gold," and they often sell for $300.00 per gram or more - meaning a 1 pound meteorite can be worth a million dollars.
Stony-Iron Meteorites. The least abundant of the three main types, the stony-irons, account for less than 2% of all known meteorites. They are comprised of roughly equal amounts of nickel-iron and stone and are divided into two groups: pallasites and mesosiderites.
+ WHAT IS THE LARGEST METEORITE EVERY FOUND ON EARTH?
The farmer had discovered a 66-ton iron meteorite - the largest single meteorite ver found and the largest piece of iron ever found near Earth's surface. It is tabular in shape and about nine feet long, nine feet wide and about three feet thick.


Last month's Jaguar Land Rover Tech Fest in London saw the launch of the company's Future-Type concept car. Equipped with Sayer, a voice-activated steering wheel boasting artificial intelligence, the vehicle embodies a vision of post-2040 transportation possibilities. The sleek, rectangular device, a wheel in name only, would be removable, and perhaps the only part of the car you'd own. Jaguar imagines a future of on-demand autonomous vehicles shared by a community of users. Sayer—named for former Jaguar designer Malcolm Sayer—could plan your route, determine what time the car should be at your door and even suggest portions of the trip you might wish to drive yourself. At departure time, just stroll out to the car with Sayer under your arm, plug it in and away you go. AUTOCAR cited Jaguar design director Ian Callum as saying that Future-Type was "an advanced research project." The small, urban subcompact is an exploration of driving and car ownership options a generation down the road.
NewerHow Smart Can Cars Get?


All this talk of the short hot summer of 1981 has naturally got me thinking about continuities and discontinuities between then and now. One aspect is the way that images and tropes from that period get recycled, of which a positive example is Loefah's Swamp 81 record label. Over the last couple of years Swamp 81 has put out some great London bass tracks by, among others, The Bug, Pinch, Kryptic Minds, Addison Groove and Skream.
Calling the label Swamp81 is nice way of subtly situating this dubstep and after sound (don't make me use the term post-........) in a trajectory reaching back to reggae sound systems, and in a history of resistance sonic and otherwise. For as you probably already know, Operation Swamp 81 was the name of the notorious police operation in Brixton that sparked the uprising there in April 1981 - an operation in which 943 people were stopped by police in the streets of Brixton over a six day period.


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Home/News/Scottish judiciary dealt a new blow to Boris Johnson
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Scottish judiciary dealt a new blow to Boris Johnson
Observatory StaffSeptember 12, 2019
8,891 3 minutes read
UNITED STATES, WASHINGTON (OBSERVATORY) — British Prime Minister Boris Johnson received a new blow on Wednesday after the Scottish judiciary declared his decision to suspend parliament until October 14 "illegal", just two weeks ahead of Brexit, while the government announced it would appeal.
A government source immediately announced that the decision "does not change anything" at the moment.
The government immediately announced the appeal to the High Court in London. "There has been no order to annul the decision to suspend parliament," the source told AFP ahead of Tuesday's session.
After about 80 parliamentarians filed a complaint with her, the Appeals Court in Edinburgh ruled that Johnson's decision was aimed at "disrupting the work of parliament" and called the suspension "illegal" and "null and void."
"We are disappointed by today's decision and will appeal the verdict to the Supreme Court," the government said in a statement.
The main opposition Labor Party, as well as Prime Minister of Scotland Nicolas Sturgeon, demanded the immediate resumption of parliament.
It was the first judicial victory for opponents of the controversial suspension of parliament. Johnson's opponents considered the move a maneuver resorted to by the head of the Conservative government to prevent them from blocking the UK's exit from the EU without an agreement.
The Scottish Court of First Instance rejected a lawsuit by about 80 pro-European parliamentarians to prevent the suspension of parliament.
Judge Raymond Doherty at the time that the suspension is a political issue can not be assessed according to legal standards "but only on the basis of political provisions," adding in his ruling that it is up to the parliament or voters to make a decision.
– "Zero opportunities" –
Judges at the Scottish Court of Appeal, on the contrary, considered that they could declare the suspension illegal because it was intended to allow the government to act away from the control of deputies, according to a summary of the decision published by the Court of Appeal in Edinburgh.
"Nobody thinks logically and is convinced of the reasons used by Johnson to suspend parliament," Labor Party spokesman Kerr Starmer said, adding that parliament should resume "immediately".
The Scottish prime minister made the same appeal for parliament to be able to continue "the oversight work that is essentially entrusted to him."
Parliament was suspended from Monday night to Tuesday for five weeks amid a charged political atmosphere.
Parliament was suspended in the midst of strong protests by the opposition, whose deputies waved posters saying "His voice was silenced" and shouted "Shame on you!" Confronting their conservative colleagues.
Before that, MPs again defeated the prime minister within a few days by dropping his proposal for early elections on 15 October to seek a new majority on the sidelines of a maneuver.
Before any vote, the opposition wants to make sure that the prospect of an "exit without agreement" is eliminated and that economic chaos is feared to ensue, and Brexit is postponed for another three months if no agreement is reached by October 19, which was confirmed by parliament last week.
Legal expert David Allen Green wrote on Twitter that the chances of upholding the verdict before the High Court in London were "non-existent", stressing that Scottish law was "completely different" from the law in Britain and Wales.
Other complaints have been filed in Northern Ireland and London, which have so far failed.
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