After King David captured the city of Jerusalem, it quickly became the most well known city in the nation of Israel. In fact, it was the most important city in Israel until the first century, when Jesus made the ultimate sacrifice for our sins, and the Church was established. What made the city such an influential place in the Bible?
Jerusalem's importance began to be noted when David conquered Jebus (which would become known in Israel as Jerusalem). He quickly built it up and made it a powerful capital for the nation of Israel. But it was not until David's son, Solomon, took over the throne that the importance of Jerusalem was fully realized.
David desired to build a permanent Temple for God and the Ark of the Covenant. However, God forbade David from building Him a Temple (1 Chronicles 22:7-11). Instead, David's son Solomon was chosen to build the "house of God." In the fourth year of his reign as king, Solomon began to build the Temple, and when it was completed, it was a truly magnificent sight to behold. The entire nation of Israel worshipped there at various times throughout the year, and it stood for hundreds of years.
God allowed His Temple to be destroyed because the people of Judah had done evil in the sight of the Lord. They had become idol worshippers and had committed terrible sins against God. Because of their wickedness, God allowed them to be conquered. However, He spared some of them so that they could return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple.
Once the remaining Israelites returned to Jerusalem after 70 years of Babylonian captivity, they started to rebuild the city. King Cyrus of Persia allowed the Jews to return and rebuild the Temple, but the people were afraid when the new king of Persia, Artaxerxes, commanded them to stop rebuilding it. They stopped the construction on the Temple and did not resume working on it again for 16 years. Finally, the prophets Haggai and Zechariah convinced the people to finish building the Temple. The second Temple was finished in the sixth year of King Darius' reign in Persia. It was dedicated to God, and the people of Israel worshipped there for hundreds of years.
Not only was Jerusalem important to the Jewish religion, but it is also significant to Christians. Jesus was put on trial and sentenced to death inside the city of Jerusalem. He was crucified just outside the city. Furthermore, the first gospel sermon was preached in Jerusalem and about 3,000 souls were saved in one day. Countless New Testament Christians were murdered at the hands of the Jews in Jerusalem, and even the apostle Paul was arrested and nearly killed there. The church at Jerusalem was well known throughout the world, and they played a major role in the development of the first-century Church—the Kingdom of Christ, which the Old Testament spokesmen prophesied would be established in Jerusalem (Isaiah 2:1-4; Micah 4:1-5).


text:
Dr. Hariharan Chandrashekar is an Indian ecological economist, founding and presiding over urban people-led movements for urban sustainability on water and energy, a mentor for green enterprise and entrepreneurs, and enabler of industry directions on sustainability and resilience, at the building scale and the city scale.

His current preoccupation has been with the pioneering citizen action initiative, WOW Action Forum and the multi-city WOW Partner City Network that spans cities across South Asia, Africa and the Americas to help citizens and bulk water-users adopt local solutions for water efficiency. The WOW Mission also extends to encouraging and driving public demonstration activity for inspiring water and energy conservation among lay Water-users. WOW is a citizen-led action for demand-side water management with voluntary compliance and solutioning sustainable options for saving water, money, energy and carbon.

He mentors green leadership Programmes for Indian industry and academia under the umbrella of SAANSS and Foundation Green. He is also driving a series of Sustainability Peer Reviews for projects that aspire to go deep green with Net Zero Water and Energy guidelines.

Career
Over three decades he has led many enterprise initiatives to promote and mainstream sustainability businesses with green and resilient homes under the banner of ZED Homes that he founded and nurtured for over 22 years. In recent years at the AltTech Foundation the mission is clearly to accelerate sustainability directions across the board in industry, residential and commercial sectors of urban India.

Hariharan is the founder of Biodiversity Conservation India Limited, a builder of environmentally friendly homes, and of AltTech Foundation, which focuses on zero energy development and low-Carbon development and Deep Decarbonisation strategies for buildings.

He also curates and anchors a series of online education and policy dialogues under the Prem Jain Memorial Trust, and INHAF India. He is working to create over 250,000 jobs in India in collaboration with the CII, the Institute of Logistics, and the Government of Karnataka's Department of Technical Education.

Between 1991 and 2015, he helped launch and nurture three national environment-related Trusts, and six companies working in green residential buildings and the production of green products.

In 1991, he founded the Academy for Mountain Environics [now the Environics Trust]. This organization works on traditional rights of people Impacted by excessive natural exploitation. In 1994, he founded Biodiversity Conservation India Limited and stepped down in 2017 to make way for new leadership. The company creates homes with deep Eco-directions for materials, and use/reuse of water, energy, and waste. In 2004, Hariharan established the AltTech Foundation (ATF), a not-for-profit organization working on energy and water solutions. Since 2018, the Foundation has worked on retrofitting a few chosen existing buildings in India to heighten Energy Efficiency.

Between 2012 and 2013, Hariharan served as technical advisor for the Karnataka Urban Water Supply & Sewerage Board. He also worked as a sustainability advisor for Bengaluru Central University in Bangalore.

He has been an itinerant resource leader for the World Resources Institute, Les Ateliers Maitrise d'Oeuvres Urbaine, ADEME, and UN Habitat.

He has consulted for the governments of Uttaranchal, Kerala and Nagaland on eco-tourism infrastructure and environment policies. He has also served as consultant for urban water supply and sanitation development as well as on practices for promoting energy efficiency in buildings and in cities, for a number of Indian and global development organizations.

He writes occasionally in national dailies and e-media on how consumers can go green at minimal cost.

Memberships and advisory

 Founder member and Senior Fellow of the CII India Green Business Council national executive committee.
 Partner for the Canada India Center Carleton Univ. at Ottawa.
 Lead resource person for the Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Futures of the Govt. of Karnataka
 Editorial Advisory member, Society for Energy Engineers and Managers.

References-

20th-century Indian economists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


With the winter months already upon us, Aussies will be searching to escape the colder temperatures to destinations filled with sunshine and blue skies.
We all know that secret feeling – after facing the horrors of doing your tax forms there's an unspoken hope that your efforts will yield a massive and unexpected return, allowing you to pack-up and take-off. Well, good news.
From Beyoncé and Jay Z, to Taylor Swift, Kendall Jenner and Gigi Hadid, celebrities and their entourages spend their getaways in the glow of glam hotels and villas — so why shouldn't you? KAYAK.com.au is rolling out the red carpet with a round-up of some of the world's best A-list suites and villas suitable for groups.


House Beautiful Nov 2012: Designer Visions 2012 with David Rockwell, Video: Editor in chief Newell Turner and the CEO of the Rockwell Group discuss this year's showhouse.
JETT, hip new gallery in San Diego's Little Italy, opens September 12th featuring Josh Herman sculptures.
The Orange County Museum of Art is now carrying Josh Herman Ceramics in conjunction with their upcoming new exhibit – The Birth Of The Cool: California Art, Design and Culture. The show opens Oct 7, 2007 and runs thru Jan 6, 2008.
Check out the online audio slideshow, too!


text:
Il collegio elettorale di Levanto è stato un collegio elettorale uninominale del Regno di Sardegna nell'appora provinci di Genova. Fu istituito con il Regio editto del 17 marzo 1848 e comprendeva i mandamenti di Levanto e Godano.

Dati elettorali
Nel collegio si svolsero votazioni per sei legislature.

Per le elezioni relative alla settima legislatura Levanto era inserito nel collegio di Spezia; il collegio fu invece ripristinato per le elezioni dell'ottava legislatura, prima del Regno d'Italia.

I legislatura

II legislatura

III legislatura

L'onorevole Farina era stato eletto anche nel collegio di Tortona; decise di rimettere al sorteggio la scelta del collegio da rappresentare. Rimase deputato di Tortona il 27 agosto 1849. Il collegio fu riconvocato.

IV legislatura

L'onorevole Sauli fu nominato ministro residente presso la Corte di Toscana, il 26 dicembre 1852, e conseguentemente decadde dalla carica di deputato. Il collegio fu riconvocato.

La seconda sezione del Collegio (Godano) non potè procedere al ballottaggio a causa del pessimo tempo del giorno 28. L'ufficio principale, nonostante ciò, proclamò deputato il gen. Montale. — La Camera annullò l'elezione il 5 febbraio 1553. Il collegio fu riconvocato.

Il 19 marzo 1853 la Camera ordinò un'inchiesta su fatti denunciati, relativi a inesattezze delle liste elettorali, ed altro. Parte delle denunce si rivelò esatta e l'elezione fu annullata il 27 aprile 1553. Il collegio fu riconvocato.

V legislatura

VI legislatura

Il 15 gennaio 1858 la Camera deliberò un'inchiesta parlamentare per le accuse di corruzione e pressioni (da parte anche dei carabinieri) esercitate a favore di Ollandini. Dato che le accuse furono dimostrate come vere, il 2 giugno 1858 la Camera,  annullava l'elezione. Il collegio fu riconvocato.

L'onorevole Ollandini fu promosso tenente colonnello il 12 luglio 1859 e conseguentemente decadde dalla carica. Il collegio fu riconvocato.

L'elezione non fu riferita per la sopravvenuta chiusura della legislatura.

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 Collegi elettorali del Regno di Sardegna
 Collegio elettorale di Levanto (Regno d'Italia)

Collegi elettorali del Regno di Sardegna del 1848

Levanto


text:
President: Estonia needs parlt to be its guide
TALLINN - The moral turmoil of the last few years proves beyond a doubt that Estonia needs the Riigikogu to be its guide, President Kersti Kaljulaid said in a speech made in the Riigikogu on Monday.
"Dear Riigikogu -- the moral turmoil of the last few years, which everything surrounding the pandemic and vaccination has shown to us as a litmus test, proves beyond a doubt that Estonia needs the Riigikogu to be its guide. A Riigikogu that persistently puts into words our freedoms and responsibility in this kaleidoscopic life with which the world's turning presents us," the president said.
According to Kaljulaid, the Riigikogu must be an institution the country trusts when we are seeking consensus for important decisions that will have long-lasting effects. The tone of public attention that shadowed the presidential election showed this certainly is not the case today. "If Estonian citizens were to feel that the Riigikogu is truly a body that represents the views of all who live here -- one where decisions take different worldviews into account while honoring the framework of freedoms, rights, and obligations enshrined in our Constitution -- then perhaps they would also be prepared to give the parliament more breathing room and generous trust to consider who will be the next Estonian president. I believe that much of the aggravation came from people simply regarding the Riigikogu as incompetent. They did not trust it to make a crucial decision in a manner and a way that has been trusted for 30 years," the president said.
"Are public officials to blame for making decisions when politicians fail to do so? They are not. An official has to decide something when there a lack of political guidance. Estonia's public officials recognize responsibility -- they do not leave society guessing. But this shouldn't be the case. Politicians should make the decision," Kaljulaid said, adding that it is not fair to have public officials decide the new balance between rights and freedoms -- the head of the Estonian Police and Border Guard Board, the head of the Estonian defense forces, directors of hospitals and ambulance services, or company CEOs.
"The balance is yours to make, dear Riigikogu. And, I might add -- public ire tends to fall upon those who made the decisions. Not on the Riigikogu. Even so, working from the passenger seat will have its long-term effects on the Riigikogu, too," Kaljulaid said.
"I'd like all these agreements to be made in the Riigikogu, not merely show up on your desks for approval. I would like the role of Riigikogu committees to never be limited to simply making changes in bills, a large share of which are also currently delivered by ministry officials and initiated by comments made to the drafts from outside the Riigikogu. I'd like the substantive, complex, and, for some, unavoidably uncomfortable agreements and compromises to be made transparently, as a result of meaningful debates, and right here in this hall," the president said.
Kaljulaid added that "there are members of the Riigikogu who consistently forget that anytime anyone opens their mouth to speak in this hall, they are not only addressing the individual asking or replying to a question, but are speaking to the Estonian people". "Whether it is an issue of intelligence or purposeful mockery of the parliamentary system -- only they can say," she said.
"Either way, a Riigikogu that has relinquished control over the wheel or simply lost it over the years, a Riigikogu that often doesn't even take itself seriously, is putting the future of parliamentary democracy at risk. If people one day grow impatient and find that parliamentarianism isn't for us, then there will unfortunately be actors who will use the situation to their own advantage," the president added.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


You can also add: lime/lemon, fish sauce (Nam Plah), some cream - these are ingredients I always have, and I added. Yesterday I happened to have some spring onions that needed to be eaten, and they are perfect for more or less everything so 4 of them went into the curry.
Stir, and put a tablespoon or two of the tomyum paste in the pot. Turn down the heat, and mix the two pastes together.
Put the mushrooms in the pot. Stir. Put the coconut milk in the pot. Stir.
Add the meat (chicken or other type) and the vegetables. When the meat is cooked through, it's more or less ready.
Taste it. Add pepper and a little bit of fish sauce (or salt), squeeze a lime/lemon if you have. Ready!
You can of course also change all the frozen ingredients into fresh ones, and suddenly you have an even tastier more "fancy" curry version. And if I had more time, I would have chopped a chilli and some garlic and added them at the beginning, before the mushroom.
The title really says it all...But to make it (super) clear: since I wrote about #teamsunnivarose I've received a lot of really cool snaps (not so many picture on Instagram - maybe we could do better there, and really "show off"? :O ) from some great students (and others). Thank you so much, you make me happy and motivated every time!
Forfatter SunnivaPublisert 13. november 2015 22. januar 2017 2 kommentarer til I have a title!
Publisert 13. november 2015 22. januar 2017 Kategorier forskerliv, phd, teamsunnivarose, Uncategorized2 kommentarer til I have a title!
Forfatter SunnivaPublisert 10. november 2015 22. januar 2017 4 kommentarer til I need your help – Join my team!
If you're having a 12 hour day at the university (or office or wherever), share it!
If you finished something, or started something, let us know!
To do this, we need a tag, and since I want you on my motivation team, the tag is #teamsunnivarose - join my team, I need your help!
Today hasn't exactly been the same success: I did manage to be early at the office, but I was also supposed to write for three hours (only done 1), work on the Strength Function part of the uranium analysis (maybe even finish it), plot a lot of stuff, and discuss with Sunniva Supervisor (who is in CERN - which I didn't know when I made the plan yesterday, so that one isn't on me). Then this day just took a totally different turn, and I have almost done nothing...however, it's only Tuesday, and I'm quite confident I'll manage to get through my plan of the week by the end of the week - maybe this is where we can help each other...?
Have a beautiful evening, and GO TEAM!
Publisert 10. november 2015 22. januar 2017 Kategorier forskerliv, phd, teamsunnivarose, Uncategorized4 kommentarer til I need your help – Join my team!
Hello everyone, and hello Monday!
I know "early" is sort of a relative term, but in academia, where almost nothing starts before 10:15, I think before 9 is early.
Goals: Be at the office before nine every day, and spend 20 hours on writing on that (stupid) second article. I don't know exactly where that will take me, but if I just manage to fulfill this writing goal, I will know by the end of this week, and hopefully then I can "see the light" again.


Describe the educational and informational objective of the program and how it meets the definition of Core Programming. Dinosaurs & Creation God's creation in relation to fossil records and science are discussed. Science experiments are performed with participation from different children from different age groups and on a variety of topics concerning Dinosaurs and many other interesting facts.


When Catherine asked if we could shoot at the Pedestrian bridge for their engagement session I was SO excited…but, I was also a little nervous because even though I've lived in middle, TN my entire life…I somehow have never been to the pedestrian bridge! I know, what??
I had so much fun exploring the area with Catherine and Mike! They were troopers getting up with the sun to get these shots. Catherine rocked those heels and this beautiful dress! You wouldn't have known that the temperature when we were shooting these was 40!
These guys are getting married at Saddle Woods Farm in May, and I absolutely cannot wait to photograph their wedding day!
Until then, who wants to go explore Nashville with me some more?!


Drink: I love sparkling wine with Sushi. Its nice and light and doesn't destroy the taste of my meal. My favourite in South Africa is always the Pierre Jourdan Belle Rose. But They have also delicious looking Cocktails that you can try.
Price: Great value for what you're getting. Cape Town is always good when you come from abroad… The food and view are worth the price.
My tip: Sit upstairs and don't sit on the sofas… They have a large downstairs area however I really enjoyed the view from upstairs. Also you have a distance from the busy life on the street and you can enjoy your meal in peace. They have sofas in the middle but also a type of bar on the railing that I loved. You'll have enough space for your plates and drinks and nobody will get in your way or stand in front of you… Great for people watching!
Do: Get a blanket! There is a good possibility that you'll get cold after the sun sets (I did). But the waitors are very helpful and will have a blanket for you if you ask them.
This entry was posted in Places behind Food, South Africa and tagged Capetown, Food, Restaurants, Sushi, Tourism, Travel. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
June 5th/2012
Meet the Skeptics: Why Some Doubt Biomedical Models - and What it Takes to Win Them Over
Disentangling the different types of skeptics and what modelers can learn from each.
By Kristin Sainani, PhD
What are the telltale signs of a modeling talk at a biology conference? Just look for the sighs, shifting, and eye-rolling in the audience, says Donald C. Bolser, PhD, professor of physiological sciences at the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine. Bolser, once a skeptic himself, says, "I would see presentations at meetings and wonder: 'Why would you want to do that?' I'm an in vivo person, so I never really saw the value of it." Bolser has since become an ardent fan of modeling, but many of his colleagues remain suspicious.
Though few biologists or physicians will admit to skepticism (we couldn't get any card-carrying skeptics to go on record for this story), modelers claim that skepticism is near-universal—popping up in grant evaluations, paper reviews, and interactions with experimentalists. "I have encountered a tremendous amount of skepticism for modeling," says Grace Peng, PhD, a program director at the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering.
Senior-level people at the NIH may not openly oppose modeling, but they don't seem to appreciate its true power to change biomedical research, Peng says. Peng chairs IMAG (the Interagency Modeling and Analysis Group), which brings together scientists from 10 governmental agencies who manage programs in biomedical, biological, and behavioral modeling. In 2009, members convened for a two-day conference—the IMAG Futures meeting—that explored reasons for and solutions to skepticism. Threads from that meeting, as well as from interviews with modelers and biologists, form the basis for this story.
Modelers may assume that the problem of skepticism rests solely with experimentalists. But, in fact, modelers play an enabling role—in the way they treat non-modelers, present their results, and even build their models. Thus, overcoming skepticism is as much about changing the culture of modeling as it is about changing the minds of biomedical researchers.
It also turns out that skepticism is heterogeneous. The degree of skepticism varies greatly across different fields of biology and medicine; and skeptics themselves come in many different flavors. Different kinds of skepticism have diverse origins and may present unique obstacles for modelers. This article disentangles the different types of skeptics and suggests what modelers can learn from each.
Some biologists are not so much skeptical of modeling as dismissive, says Peter Sorger, PhD, professor of systems biology at Harvard Medical School. These are mostly older biologists, who achieved success without modeling, and are stuck in their way of doing things. When you've been doing something one way for a long time, change is hard, says Timothy Mitchison, PhD, also a professor of systems biology at Harvard Medical School. "That's just human nature."
Unfortunately, there's little modelers can do to combat this kind of skepticism. "It only goes away when people die or retire; no one ever changes their mind. It's like why people vote Democrat or Republican; these things go deep," Mitchison says.
The good news is that the newer generation of biologists is much more open-minded, Sorger says. At classic biology conferences, he says, "I'm barely old enough to get a plenary talk, because everyone is in their seventies"; but at the DREAM modeling competitions, "I'm just this creaky old guy, because the mean age is about 30." So, the solution to this kind of skepticism is simply to "fill the place with young people," he says.
We also need to incorporate modeling into the curriculum of future biomedical scientists, Peng says. "I think if modeling is introduced earlier in the pipeline, even starting at the K through 12 stage, modeling will be accepted as standard practice," she says.
The Math Phobes
Some biologists are open to modeling in principle, but avoid it because they are too intimidated by the math. Modelers don't help the situation because they tend to be dismissive of people who aren't quantitatively trained. Modelers have been known to call biologists "dumb," "idiots," and "the students who weren't smart enough to go into math or physics." With this attitude, it's not hard to understand why biologists would feel intimidated and shut out.
Some modelers need a dose of humility. They also need to put more time and effort into explaining their models as simply as possible to potential users, Peng says. "The experimentalists say, 'It would be nice if I could just sit down with the modeler in front of a computer and go through the model,'" she says.
Mitchison (who counts himself among the math-phobic) recalls a math PhD student who did a stint in his lab and was able to make the math comprehensible: "Having someone who can just think that way with their eyes closed, and can explain it to you… once you have that experience of really working with someone, it makes a huge difference."
Modelers also have to be more willing to make user-friendly tools that don't require a degree in mathematics, Peng says. "The models need to be as easy to use as TurboTax," she says.
"If you think about the large number of biologists out there, the notion that everything is going to be done by making people aware of how to do all the underlying mathematics … I think is nonsense, at least in the next generation of individuals and the existing biological investigator pool," Ron Germain, MD, PhD, told IMAG Futures attendees; Germain is chief of the Laboratory of Systems Biology at the Center for Human Immunology and Inflammation at the NIH. Modelers worry that biologists will abuse models if they don't understand their inner workings, but Germain points out that people can accurately resize photos in Photoshop without understanding the complex math behind this operation.
Programmers in Germain's lab have developed software (called Simmune) that allows immunologists to build complex models with all the mathematics handled behind-the-scenes. "People with no computer training can do this with no assistance," Germain says. "And the response I've gotten talking to biologists—instead of the glazed over eyes, 'oh you're talking about modeling'—there's a great deal of enthusiasm." If modeling is too difficult for biologists to implement, they won't adopt it even if they think it's useful, Germain says.
Yoram Vodovotz, PhD, professor of surgery and of immunology at the University of Pittsburgh, encouraged IMAG Futures attendees to explore agent-based models—which are more intuitive than equation-based models—as a way to draw biologists into modeling. "There's an entire class of simulation platforms that already exist and that is already usable to people in high school without differential equations."
The "Modelers Are From Mars" Skeptics
Some biologists are skeptical because they feel that modelers are out of touch with the biology. Germain told attendees at IMAG Futures that he has biology colleagues who are initially excited to read a paper in the Journal of Theoretical Biology (or similar journals). But "the first thing they read is 'for reasons of computational complexity we decided to make the following assumptions…' And they basically throw out the three or four most important things to the biologist before they go on. At which point the biologist will stop reading."
Sorger agrees. "There was this notion, maybe 5 to 10 years ago, that basically one was going to take a series of tools that had been developed in another discipline—either computer science, chemical engineering, or control theory—and those things would whole-hog be applied to biology and that would solve the problem," Sorger says. This was not only an arrogant point of view; it was simply wrong, he says. It also "created a whole series of straw men for the people who are skeptical of modeling to hang onto."
The solution to this kind of skepticism is for modelers to become immersed in the biology. "I'm very much of the opinion you can come from either direction [biology or modeling] and become an effective computational biologist, but that ultimately you have to be a biologist," Sorger says. "I don't think biomedicine is going to be taken over by physicists and computer scientists working half-time."
Modelers need to develop a deep understanding of the biological data, agrees William J. Heetderks, MD, PhD, director of extramural science programs at the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. "If you just take data that was published in the literature and plug it into your model and don't understand the domain that it was acquired in, you can be badly misled," Heetderks says.
For modelers to be successful and advance the field, "they must either understand the biology themselves or be joined at the hip with a biologist," he says.
The "I'm Not Ready" Skeptics
Some biologists think modeling is fine for others, but it's premature for their biological niche. They may think that their biological problem is too complicated to pin down with a model or that they don't have enough data yet to build an accurate model.
This type of skepticism stems from misconceptions about the role of modeling, Peng says. "People still think that models are just a tool to maybe fit the data at the end of the experiment," she says. But models are actually a platform for designing experiments. Models can help biologists organize and archive the data they do have; systematically figure out what new data are needed; and design more efficient and more informative experiments, Peng says. To turn experimentalists around, modelers should interface with them during the planning stages of grants, she says.
For example, Vodovotz told IMAG Futures attendees how models could be used to design better clinical trials. His group ran simulated trials of anti-TNF drugs for treating sepsis and predicted that the compounds would help certain types of people and harm others (with no net benefit). Had pharmaceutical companies used these simulations, they could have targeted the correct group for treatment and avoided treating those who might be harmed.
Models also don't have to be perfect to be useful. Modelers can drive home this point by highlighting the shortcomings of the alternatives to modeling, David M. Eddy, MD, PhD, told IMAG Futures attendees; Eddy is founder and medical director of Archimedes, a healthcare modeling company located in San Francisco.
"The only alternative in the clinical field is to use clinical judgment or what we'd call the art of medicine. And when you think about all the factors that are involved in clinical decision making, it's out of the question," Eddy says. "That's where models come in—because they're better than the alternative. They're not perfect; they're not as good as clinical trials. But we would argue that they're better than the alternative."
The "Show Me the Beef" Skeptics
Some biologists see modeling as esoteric because they can't point to a concrete example of how biomedical modeling has impacted human health.
Combating this kind of skepticism requires better salesmanship, Peng says. "People who develop models are so into the details of their models that they forget the bigger picture of why their model is so useful and what the model is helping them to do that they couldn't do otherwise," Peng says.
It's often difficult to read a computational paper and figure out what the breakthrough was, Mitchison says. Biologists come from a discovery-oriented tradition; if you've been looking for the receptor to a particular hormone, and now you found it, the impact is easy to see, he says. But "often successful modelers are not people who come from this tradition of telling a story. They come from different traditions, and they may not see the value of that," he says. Modelers need to do a better job of communicating what they learned from a piece of work and what it lets them do that they couldn't do before, he says.
Modelers can also help convince skeptics by pointing to specific success stories. "What we as program people are always looking for is a killer app or a success story that we can tell our higher-ups: 'Look, they couldn't have made this discovery without this model,'" Peng says.
One of the goals of the IMAG Futures meeting was to compile some of these success stories. Marco Viceconti, PhD, professor of biomechanics at the University of Sheffield, in the United Kingdom, presented several examples of how modeling is already being used in patient care. For example, aneurIST (http://www.aneurist.org/) is a program that predicts the rupture of incidentally detected cerebral aneurysms using patient-specific information. And companies such as Phillips and Siemens are integrating similar simulations into their imaging tools for aneurysms, Viceconti says. Modeling also has a practical utility for many companies because the FDA is now allowing in silico simulations as part of the approval process for certain devices.
The Converted
Many biologists who once were skeptical now count themselves as enthusiastic converts to modeling, including Bolser and Mitchison. Their stories offer lessons for modelers.
Bolser studies the neurological circuits that control airway behaviors such as coughing and swallowing; few investigators in this field use computational modeling. Before his conversion, he thought that models were just about fitting data after an experiment, he says.
But he began working more closely with modelers as part of submitting a grant application. At one point, he and his modeling collaborator ran some simulations and generated a baffling result. Bolser realized that no one had ever done that particular experiment in vivo, so he did it. At first, he didn't believe the result and suspected a technical error.
But then came the 'aha' moment. He realized that the simulation had predicted the outcome exactly. "And it just blew me away. I was just stunned by that. I mean modelers know this, they live by this; but for me it was a long road to go before I understood internally what a model could do. What you're really aiming at with a computational model is prediction," Bolser says. "For me, once I got it, I was totally sold on it."
He's also shifted from thinking that the airway problem was too complex to model to realizing that the behavior is so complex that "there is no way we could understand it without computational modeling."
You can't sell experimentalists on modeling simply by talking about it and showing it at seminars and conferences, Bolser advises. They need hands-on experience, such as a tutorial or workshop, or directly sitting down with a modeler and working on their biological system.
Mitchison says he is also a convert, but it was a more gradual transition. He was a skeptic of both the "I'm not ready" and "math phobe" varieties described above. But he's slowly come around, helped by people like the mathematician in his lab who was able to explain the math to him clearly. He's seen a similar gradual transition in his field. For example, the American Society of Cell Biology annual meetings have gone from no one even thinking about modeling 20 years ago to having several lively, well-attended modeling sessions today. "And cell biology is a pretty traditional, conservative field of biology," he says.
Modeling has even become state of the art for some niche areas of cell biology. In 2008, a couple of modeling papers on yeast cell polarity were published in high-profile journals. Many people disputed the papers (including a new PhD student in his department who went on to do work in the area), Mitchison says. In fact, it angered them: "Here's a high-profile paper published in Nature on theory and it's all wrong and I'm annoyed by that, so I'm going to do better." This stimulated a number of groups to work on the problem and publish better models. It's been a healthy progression and has resulted in many hard-core biologists adopting theory collaborators for the first time, Mitchison says. So getting theory papers on hot biological topics in high-profile journals can spark interest in modeling, he says.
The "Healthy" Skeptics
Some biomedical researchers are proponents of modeling in theory, but are skeptical about specific tools and approaches. This is a legitimate and healthy form of skepticism, Sorger says. "The skeptics rightly point out that even in the hands of people being fairly careful, the promise has run way ahead of the actual tools and knowledge needed to apply them correctly. Therefore, there are probably quite a lot of errors out there." (See "Error: What Biomedical Computing Can Learn from Its Mistakes," in Biomedical Computation Review online.)
The solution in this case is not to challenge the skeptics, but to fix the problems that drive their skepticism. This will require more investment into the methodology of modeling. "This general assumption that the methodology is good enough I think is really wrong," Sorger says.
We need better ways of validating models, Eddy told IMAG Futures attendees. Validation means different things to different people and some of what is passed off as validation is garbage. "I can certainly understand why potential users of models are frustrated and confused. And they don't know what they can believe and can't believe," Eddy says. Modelers need to devise a recognized standard so that users know that they can trust a model when it has the seal of validation for a particular application, he says.
Competitions and benchmark problems can demonstrate the reproducibility of models (or reveal errors in need of fixing). Standards in the reporting of models and simulations (such as MIRIAM and MIASE, Minimal Information Required In the Annotation of Models and Minimum Information About a Simulation Experiment, respectively) also help improve the reproducibility and testability of models, participants at IMAG Futures noted.
To win over healthy skeptics, modelers also need to be more humble in how they present models. In molecular and cell biology, researchers typically draw cartoon models with arrows and boxes; and it's understood that these are just working hypotheses, not to be taken too seriously, Mitchison says. Computational models are also just provisional, but they often aren't presented this way. "There's a way that computational stuff is written up that sort of implies a rigor and absolute truth that experimentalists who don't use quantitative methods have deliberately shied away from," Mitchison says. This kind of overconfidence can drive skepticism, because experimentalists know that biology always involves hidden assumptions.
Modelers need to be more upfront about the limitations and potential pitfalls of their models and to make these issues more understandable for non-mathematicians, says Brian K. Kobilka, MD, professor of molecular and cellular physiology and medicine at Stanford University.
The "Insider" Skeptics
Some of biomedical modeling's biggest skeptics are actually modeling insiders. They may challenge specific models and applications, or even whole paradigms of how modeling is done.
When it comes to reviewing grants with a modeling component, engineers are often the worst critics, Peng says. Engineers tend to have a critical mindset; and they can actually do a disservice to modeling by being too nitpicky in their reviews, says Peng (who is herself an engineer). We also face the "grumpy Russian mathematician problem," Sorger says. He says pure mathematicians tend to give his papers unfavorable reviews because it's "1950s, engineering mathematics" rather than cutting-edge modern math.
Some modeling insiders go even further, saying that almost all biomedical modeling is done incorrectly. Awareness of these skeptics' point of view is important, because their critiques may ultimately explain some of the intuitive discomfort that biologists feel toward models.
For example, James Bower, PhD, professor of computational neurobiology at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, says, "I would argue that, at present, the majority of mathematically based models in biology are not in fact useful in advancing the field." Most biomedical modelers are building models simply to explain or convince others of what they already believe; but the purpose of modeling should be to discover new features of a system. "If you don't know anything more about the system after you build the model than you did before, it is of little use," Bower says. "We are just endlessly misled by what are basically Ptolemaic or religious models that are designed to enforce a particular doctrine."
He advocates the use of anatomically and structurally realistic models that don't have built-in assumptions about function, such as embodied by the GENESIS simulation toolkit for neuronal modeling (http://www.genesis-sim.org/GENESIS/). He also promotes the notion of community models where everyone uses and freely shares the same base models. "There is a way forward and it's slowly starting to happen," Bower says.
John C. Criscione, MD, PhD, associate professor of biomedical engineering at Texas A&M, is another advocate of sweeping change in biomedical modeling. In his field of multiscale tissue modeling, he says he has shown that the current framework of modeling yields an infinity of solutions. Modelers are essentially trying to solve for three variables with two equations, he says. "If a freshman algebra student did this, I would flunk them," he says. "Everybody is going, 'but it fits the data.' Well, yeah, the sun moving around the earth fits the observational data too," he says. He says we need to get back to basics and figure out models that solve the simplest problems—like a perfectly homogenous elastic cylinder.
"We absolutely need modeling. I'm not saying we shouldn't do multiscale modeling. I love it. It's great stuff," Criscione says. "What we don't need is to spend money doing modeling where we'll never get a right solution."
Interestingly, both Bower and Criscione are increasingly pessimistic about convincing their colleagues. Both are therefore independently focused on exposing the next generation of engineers to modeling technology. Bower's efforts are based in Whyville.net, which he founded as the first simulation-based educational virtual world 13 years ago, which now has more than 7.2 million subscribers worldwide.
The Demise of Skepticism
Skepticism may be pervasive, but it's also on the decline. If researchers talked about modeling and mathematics at biology meetings 30 or 40 years ago, "we were going to be lynched almost," Eddy told IMAG Futures attendees. Acceptance of modeling will continue to grow, because modeling in biomedicine is inevitable. In the future, everyone will use models and appreciate the use of models, Peng says. But what's at stake is how quickly this transition will occur, Peng says. "How fast we get there is what I'm trying to address."
Enjoyed reading this article.
Submitted by Sargis Dallakyan (not verified) on Tue, 06/19/2012 - 22:00.
Enjoyed reading this article. I'm one of the insider sceptics myself and I completely agree with James Bower in that the majority of mathematically based models in biology are not in fact useful in advancing the field. Highlighting some of the success stories, the way Biomedical Computation Review does, is definitely welcomed. I look forward to the new issues.


A giant island-cluster separated by rivers and lakes, serving many natural routes and awesome landscapes!
The lands are populated by large amounts of hostile and neutral creatures, inviting you to take them on and claim what should be yours.
In the center of our lands lays the capital city Rivia, which can serve as the main hub for trading, services and more to come.
You will get summoned on the town square of our capital city Rivia, which has traders, free to use forges and a hotel. In your inventory, you will find the usual starter-kit and a deed-stake.
Deeding is free and also comes with half a month worth of payment already, to ensure a healthy start to your new colony.
If you ever get lost exploring or want to get back to the capital, you can teleport directly to Rivia by right-clicking your character (bottom left in character window) and select "Capital City Teleport".
Join us today and be part of a beautiful and exciting generation!
The server is now restarted!
Nice server with lot of gifts.
Do you plan priest mods?
Yes we will be using Agos Priest Mod on the next server-restart.
Random Spawns are no longer working, as the capital city in our map middle now serves as home city for freedom isles and uses king coffers for it's traders.


Here's a quick get ready with me video of me doing my makeup for my friend's holud/haldi ceremony. I decided to do a copper/brown smokey eye and pair it with red/pink lipstick that complemented the yellow saree well. The bridesmaids and I all wore this beautiful yellow saree.


This is an exclusive business profile of Auto Cop Xs located in Pratap Press, Kanpur. From this Page, you can directly contact Auto Cop Xs from the enquiry form provided on the right. On the left you can get the Verified Mobile Number of Auto Cop Xs – feel free to call us to know more about our products & services. We will soon update our Catalog which you can download to get latest information about all our products & services and latest deals & offers by Auto Cop Xs. Do check out our Job Openings section to know about all the vacancies in Auto Cop Xs. You can also check out our Photo Gallery section to see latest photos of Auto Cop Xs. Before leaving, do not forget to give us your review and rating if you have been a customer of Auto Cop Xs in the past.
Do you want to receive special deals and offers from Auto Cop Xs?
Daily Download limit reached! Do you want to alert Auto Cop Xs to receive Catalogue?


Sir Tim Rice and Lord Lloyd Webber have clashed over plans to conduct a TV hunt for a new star of Jesus Christ Superstar the show which made their name.
It has been one of the most successful musical collaborations of all time, producing some of the West End's biggest hits.
But 40 years after Jesus Christ Superstar became their first success Sir Tim Rice and Lord Lloyd Webber are publicly at odds over a new production of the show which made their name.
Sir Tim, who wrote the musical's lyrics, has voiced his opposition to a television show to find the "next Jesus", describing the plans as "tasteless", "tacky," and "relentlessly downmarket".
Lord Lloyd Webber last week announced plans for Superstar, a new ITV1 programme where contestants will compete for the lead role in the rock musical telling the story of Christ's final week.
The most promising prospect will perform on stage in front of Lord Lloyd Webber and a panel of celebrity judges with the winner decided by public vote before starring in an arena tour opening at London's O2 Arena.
Lord Lloyd Webber is believed to be pursuing Nicole Scherzinger, the pop singer, to play the role of Mary Magdalene and act as a judge on the show.
Sir Tim said that Lord Lloyd Webber had ignored his requests not to cast a new production of the musical via a television contest.
He said: "I've had several meetings with Andrew and said that I don't want this done, but now it appears it's been signed and sealed.
"Andrew wants to rehash things all the time, but I really don't think Superstar needs that tasteless reality television treatment. Those shows are relentlessly downmarket, which is fine if the show is a lightweight bit of fluff.
"I am fully behind an arena show, but I just don't think you need another television series to do that."
The musical, which Sir Tim and Lord Lloyd Webber wrote in 1969, features Mary Magdalene expressing her desire for Jesus. In another scene, Jesus is shown being whipped by Roman soldiers and the musical ends with Christ's crucifixion.
Sir Tim said that the musical's religious and political themes could become a source of ridicule in a television talent show, with the judges telling hopeful contestants: "You could be Jesus."
He said: "It opens up a lot of opportunities for spoofs and I think it would be ill-advised to have people voting for who should be Jesus.
"It's just possible that it might be the most sophisticated, tasteful show hosted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, but I doubt it. It sounds tacky and I really don't think Andrew should do it."
Sir Tim added that he is prepared to veto the winning contestant.
"They can't cast the show without my approval. I have the right to veto casting so if Andrew casts it on tv and I didn't like the person, I could say so." He has also written to ITV, saying he "does not feel comfortable with the concept of the show".
Sir Tim, 67, and Lord Lloyd Webber, 63, began working together in 1965 on their first musical, The Likes of Us, and have since jointly written several hit musicals, including Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat and Evita.
They originally wrote Jesus Christ Superstar as an album in 1969, which became a hit a West End musical in 1972.
The show has since had many successful runs around the world, with recent productions opening in Chile, Bulgaria and Siberia. A new production will open on Broadway in New York in March.
Sir Tim has since enjoyed a lucrative career writing for Disney film productions, including Beauty and the Beast and The Lion King, for which he won an Oscar. He is currently working on a musical adaptation of the 1953 film From Here to Eternity.
Lord Lloyd Webber's most recent projects include Love Never Dies, the sequel to Phantom of the Opera, and his series of BBC talent competitions.
While there has long been speculation about tensions between them, the duo have until now been careful to stress their amicable relationship.
Lord Lloyd Webber said in a recent interview: "There has never been a feud. We have been great friends for a very long time."
Theu most recently worked together in 2010 on two new songs for a West End production of The Wizard of Oz, which Lord Lloyd Webber also launched with a television contest show, Over the Rainbow.
Lord Lloyd Webber's previous musical talent shows on the BBC came under attack as critics claimed they unfairly promoted Lord Lloyd Webber's commercial interests.
Regional auditions for Superstar will begin next month. The programme, which may also include a public vote to find a Judas character, will air every night for three weeks on ITV1 during June and July.
Lord Lloyd Webber - who last week said "the public lead the casting process and they've got it absolutely right four times already" - declined to comment on Sir Tim's concerns.


Freedom Heating & Air Conditioning offers three different financing options for our HVAC products. If you have any questions about these financing options, call us at 612-306-6400.
● Pay off your loan anytime. No penalty.


text:
Le phare de Voslapp (Voslapp Oberfeuer ou feu amont de Voslapp), est un phare (feu directionnel) situé en Basse-Saxe, Allemagne. Il est construit dans le village de Voslapp, à  de Wilhelmshaven ; il se trouve à  au sud-sud-ouest du feu aval, le Voslapp Unterfeuer avec lequel il est synchronisé.

Description
Avec une hauteur de , c'est le vingt-deuxième plus haut « phare traditionnel » du monde. La tour cylindrique en béton fait  de diamètre supporte une lampe de 250 W.

Ce phare directionnel est construit en 1962, en remplacement d'un ancien phare qui datait de 1907.

Le site est ouvert au public, mais la tour n'est pas visitable.

Identifiant : ARLHS : FED-249 - Amirauté : B1138.1 - NGA : 114-10216 .

Caractéristiques du feu maritime
Fréquence : 6 secondes (W)
 Lumière : 3 secondes
 Obscurité : 3 secondes

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Lien interne
 Liste des phares en Allemagne

Liens externes
  Leuchttürme.net
  Lighthouses of Germany : Borkum to Wilhelmshaven
  Germany Liste ARLHS - Allemagne
   Deutschland - Online list of Light
  Voslapp - Site Lightphotos.net

Phare de la mer du Nord
Phare en Basse-Saxe
Phare du XXe siècle
Monument en Basse-Saxe


Frankfurt, Germany, 7th July 2011 – 1E, the global leader in IT efficiency software today announced its expansion into Germany, with the appointment of Radu Gheorghievici-Pohl as Managing Director for the DACH region. The company's presence in the region will help it address the needs of local customers of all sizes more effectively and efficiently.
With its suite of Efficient IT solutions, 1E has helped its customers achieve €740 million in efficiency savings; €407 million in energy savings alone to date. That is the equivalent of 4.1 million metric tonnes of CO2 or taking around 750,000 passenger cars off the roads.
"The recent cancellation of Germany's nuclear programme calls for immediate action. Put this into a carbon emissions context and the ramifications are startling. Deutsche Bank analysts estimate that an extra 370 million tonnes of CO2 will be released through 2020, as Germany strives to find alternative energy sources to avoid any shortfalls in energy – alternative sources which, despite Germany's clear leadership in solar and renewable energies, the local government anticipates will be coal-based in the short-term," comments Sumir Karayi, CEO, 1E.
"If every corporate PC and server in Germany had our software installed on it, the German economy could save approximately €1.9bn per year in energy costs and reduce carbon emissions by around 9.1m metric tonnes of CO2 by eliminating servers that are not being used and by switching PCs off overnight and on weekends," he concludes.
Gheorghievici-Pohl joins 1E with 30 years' experience in the enterprise software industry, having worked for organizations including VMware, Amdocs and Microstrategy. His expertise with physical and virtual infrastructures puts him at the forefront of efficient IT practices, making him ideally positioned to grow 1E's customer base and lead the company's sales and marketing activities in the DACH region. Gheorghievici-Pohl and his team will serve customers of all sizes in Germany, Austria and Switzerland and will initially be based in Frankfurt.
"The potential for cost and energy savings is huge – in April, the German Corporate Energy Efficiency Initiative (DENEFF) outlined that €165 million and 1.1 terawatt hours (TWh) of potential savings could be realized per year through energy efficient IT," comments Gheorghievici-Pohl.
"Germany has a national commitment to reduce national carbon emissions by 40% by 2020 and the government has allocated €25m to 'IT Goes Green' initiatives. I am energized by the challenge to bring our expertise to the DACH region. The time is now," he concludes.
In 2010, 1E experienced record 60% growth, adding four million licenses of 1E software to its existing customer base. The EMEA operation of 1E holds key customer accounts including CSC, Dell, HSBC, Nestlé and Syngenta.


text:
Q: Connecting ArcMap to secure folder I am accessing data from a National Data Services secure server. Within the server, all my project data is in one folder, and applications like ArcMap are in a separate folder.
In ArcMap, "add data" will connect to the drive (M:), but the secure folder is not listed as being there.
I had a similar problem with accessing Stata commands, and that was solved by adding "adopath +" at the beginning of every do file, to specify the directory were the commands are listed.
I think I need to direct ArcMap to this secure folder, in a more technical way, than just using "add data", but I have no idea how, I can't find the answer online, and technical support at the data service has provided no assistance.
As it's a secure server, I cannot add snapshots of the problem here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to dereference pointer to a class instance? Problem abstract: I point a pointer to a class instance, but, when I try to dereference this pointer and access the properties of the instance, I get an EAccessViolation exception because it dereferences to "Nil".
I declare the pointer in the unit scope:
private
  CurrentRXFrame: ^TSXcpFrame;

Every time my program receives a frame, the pointer is updated to point to this latest frame:
procedure TfrmFoo.OnReceivingFrame(Sender: TObject);
var
  SXcpFrame: TSXcpFrame;
begin
  SXcpFrame := TSXcpFrame.Create();
  CurrentRXFrame := @SXcpFrame;

I try to dereference the pointer in some other routine in the same unit, but get an exception:
// `FrameBytes` is merely a dynamic array of type "Byte".
PrintMsg(IntToHex(CurrentRXFrame^.FrameBytes[0], 2));

The exception:
raise exception class EAccessViolation with message 'Access violation at address 004DD1FE [...] Read of address 00000010.
If I set a breakpoint right before this line here is what the relevant vars evaluate to:
CurrentRXFrame := $18FD10
CurrentRXFrame^ := nil
CurrentRXFrame^.FrameBytes := Inaccessible value

Question: How do I access the properties of an instance of class TSxcpFrame through a pointer?

A: The problem is that you have a pointer to the variable, and if that is a local variable, it gets invalid very quickly.
But there is no need for that. Class instance refrences are already pointers, so you could (or, IMO, should) do:
var
  CurrentRXFrame: TSXcpFrame;

and later on:
  SXcpFrame := TSXcpFame.Create;
  CurrentRXFrame := SXcpFrame;

and of course:
  PrintMsg(IntToHex(CurrentRXFrame.FrameBytes[0], 2));

Note that SXcpFrame and CurrentRXFrame are not structures, they are merely references to one, so on assignment, no copy of the data is made, only of the reference. The structure of the instance with the data lives on the heap. After the assignment, both references refer to the same data.


What an adorable snack! I'd like to see a whole flock of truffle sheep roaming across the vast expanse of my kitchen table, nibbling the crumbs left over from last night's dinner, bleating plaintively, aware that I'll be nibbling on their salty little pretzel legs soon.
Salty, sweet and perfectly snack sized. I want a tree like this growing in my yard.
something about the holidays inspires us to gruesomely eat our beloved favorite characters. Rudolph, your time has come. Thank you for serving us so well all these years and again for the last time on my plate. OM NOM NOM.
Their antlers may not be incredibly majestic but they sure are delicious! I think all peanut butter cookies should have chocolate covered pretzels on them regardless of the animal portrayed.


Project: Install a new stamped concrete patio with a stamped concrete fire pit and a plain concrete slab.
Our customers were trying to make their outdoor space more livable. They wanted an area for an outdoor kitchen space and a separate area for an outdoor living room, complete with a stamped concrete fire pit.
The fire pit is one of the newest additions to our lineup of stamped concrete offerings and it made a stunning addition to this outdoor living area!
For this project, we used our Regal Ashlar stamp pattern set on a bias to enhance the appearance, a Slate border, and our beautiful new Stacked Stone Fire Pit.
Contact us today to schedule a free estimate for your own patio or fire pit!
See additional images of our stamped concrete projects in our gallery.


text:
- JNI ERROR (app bug): local reference table overflow (max=512)
也是引入别人View时造成的,检查了下发现View的类型写错了

- Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #14: Error inflating class com.renny.simplebrowser.view.widget.pullextend.ExpendPoint
检查对应类的布局文件line#14 , 检查布局View的类型是不是错了。
我后来发现是我复制别人的自定义View时,忘了修改View的名字了

-  APK签名时报错Lint found fatal errors while assembling a release target. To proceed, either fix the issues identified by lint, or modify your build script as follows:
发现是string多国语言包,但有的字符串在别的语言包中没有,所以打包报错了,可以按说明添加来忽略错误,但最好还是新增其他的string

- System.err: io.reactivex.exceptions.OnErrorNotImplementedException: failed to connect to /192.168.0.225 (port 20000) after 10000ms
        at io.reactivex.internal.functions.Functions$OnErrorMissingConsumer.accept(Unknown Source)
        at io.reactivex.internal.functions.Functions$OnErrorMissingConsumer.accept(Unknown Source)
        at io.reactivex.internal.observers.LambdaObserver.onError(Unknown Source)
        at io.reactivex.internal.operators.observable.ObservableObserveOn$ObserveOnObserver.a(Unknown Source)
        at io.reactivex.internal.operators.observable.ObservableObserveOn$ObserveOnObserver.b(Unknown Source)
        at io.reactivex.internal.operators.observable.ObservableObserveOn$ObserveOnObserver.run(Unknown Source)
具体现象是,某些型号的手机上才会出现,目前发现华为的。。。型号:FRD-DL00       andriod系统版本:6.0        EMUI版本:4.1
现象是请求网络失败,而且会奔溃? 但其他手机同一个apk能成功,

解决办法:在服务端修改tcp_timestamp为0即可
It's not from connection changes, at least not in my case - the devices are connected to WiFi in the office.
However we've resolved the issue - it was server side. We had to disable tcp_timestamp on the server side and everything worked perfectly.
https://www.jianshu.com/p/dde236d7211d

- android 内存泄漏 InputmethodManager mParentInputMethodManager
Android系统官方的bug,可不解决, 出现在 15<sdk版本<23

- 一个fragment传值给Activity的问题。后来发现是自己类型写错了
我写成了int sceneId = getIntent().getIntExtra(EXTRA_SCENE_ID, 0);
应该是 long sceneId = getIntent().getLongExtra(EXTRA_SCENE_ID, 0);
传值类型的前后要对应,切记.
传值方法,可直接传 SceneDetailActivity.actionStart(getActivity(),sceneId);
也可以在Activity中设置一个回调来传

- 有时候发现AVD虚拟起重启后回到之前的状态了(如app还是以前的版本),那是因为关闭虚拟机时没有选择保存状态的选项,相当于硬盘自动还原了

- git拉取远程UI文件夹时报错,error: The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by by merge: gifts/.DS_Store Please move or remove them before you can merge. Aborting
执行一次 git clean -d -fx .  即可

- 版本升级后,supportLibrary升级为AndroidX的问题
gradle.properties file:
android.useAndroidX=true
android.enableJetifier=true

然后顶部菜单Refactor-》migrate to AndroidX
接着要修改各个文件中的import问题

Refactor到AndroidX, 然后全选要自动转化的文件即可,然后Do Refactor就自动转换了,不用自己再手动去转

- 有时候编译出现问题。提示输入--stacktrace可以查看更多报错信息,在以下地方输入指令
Settings - Build,Execution - Compiler - Command Line Options

- 修改button样式 从 shapexx改为 selectorxxx时出现卡死的问题。
因为这样把 selectorxxx下的shape也改成了  selectorxxx,导致发生了递归卡死的问题。
结局:找到 selectorxxx 下的  selectorxxx改回来shapexxx即可
```
错误的:
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/shape_grey_gradient_semicircle" android:state_pressed="true" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/selector_btn_semicircle" />
</selector>

正确的:
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/shape_grey_gradient_semicircle" android:state_pressed="true" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/shape_red_gradient_circle_rect" />
</selector>

教训:重命名有风险,要谨慎修改
```

- 在一次将某属性重命名,将action重命名为property时,结果程序无法运行:Error Default activity not found
后来发现坑爹的IDE居然把AndroidManifest设置中的两个action也改成了property,坑爹的操作
正确的:<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
错误的:<property android:name="android.intent.property.MAIN"/>

- Android Studio 3 Gradle插件报错:AAPT2 error: check logs for details
Android的Gradle 3.0插件默认启动Aapt2,目的是为了改进增量资源的处理。
如果有问题可以退回到之前的版本,打开gradle.properties,添加如下内容
android.enableAapt2=false

- Android: android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: String resource ID #0x5
问题可能出在setText(), 因里面的值不是字符串

- android 串口 提示没有权限读写权限
  看一下是不是选错了串口,要选择ttyS01234 ,而不是ttyGS1

- 用某些网络请求库报错 Illegal character in query at index 153
  因为存在空格导致?替换为%20
  url.replaceAll(" ","%20");

- 报错Error:Execution failed for task ':app:compileDebugJavaWithJavac'.
  > Compilation failed; see the compiler error output for details.
  解决:找到AndroidStudio右下角的 其中有一个叫GradleConsole,打开之后,会显示本次Gradle编译所有的问题

- Error:(1, 0) Your project path contains non-ASCII characters.
  一般时工程项目路径或者项目名称包含了中文,修改相关的名称就好了!
  别再项目路径名称中去搞另类弄什么中文名

- Error:Execution failed for task ':app:mergeDebugResources'. > Error: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionE
  下面分析一下出现这个问题时的几种情况:
  1、直接在AS中将jpg图片改成png为后缀的图片,所以导致了这种情况的发生
  2、一些点9图不规范,AS中点9图必须四边全部描黑点,而这在eclipse中就比较松懈。所以修改相应的图片就行!
  (直接把.9后缀去掉 测试能运行了 就说明是第二种情况所致)

这是因为.9图不规范所致,最好删除不规范的.9图,重新制作,或者再build.gradle中添加如下两句,让IDE不去严格检查png图

aaptOptions.cruncherEnabled = false

aaptOptions.useNewCruncher = false

- xml布局报错:The following classes could not be found: - ImageView (Change to android.widget.ImageView, Fix Build Path, Edit XML).
  这问题害的我花了半天时间下载api16,最后发现是一个test.png图片的命名问题了
  更改.9图命名(去掉.9,因为as对.9要求严格,不像eclipse)或标准样式

- com.android.support 包冲突问题
在gradle中设置
configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy.eachDependency { DependencyResolveDetails details ->
        def requested = details.requested
        if (requested.group == 'com.android.support') {
            if (!requested.name.startsWith("multidex")) {
                details.useVersion '27.0.2'//此处为你需要的版本
            }
        }
    }
}

- android打包提示 checkReleaseBuilds false
  解决办法,在build.gradle里面的buildTypes同级添加如下代码,放在android下面
  lintOptions {
      checkReleaseBuilds false
      abortOnError false
  }

- E/AndroidRuntime(3257): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.example.multbuttontest/com.example.multbuttontest.MultiButtonActivity}: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #16: Error inflating class button

重点是后面的XML fileline#16 Button
  结果发现是Button的样式,用到的drawable文件,但该文件放错目录了,放在了drawable(hdpi)下,应该放在drawable文件夹的
  这种xml属性文件,应该复制在drawable根文件夹

- 新导入工程时,Error:(46, 0) Could not find method android() for arguments [build_7dhplpj96vqq8rmjgj0gq754l$_run_closure3@5a677175] on root project

检查Setting的gradle设置,选择Use default 而不是local
然后修改root project的build.gradle文件设置,去掉所有buildTools设置,添加
         compileSdkVersion 25
         buildToolsVersion '25.0.2'

- xml布局突然不能预览了,报错如下
  preview timed out while rendering the layout infinite loop or unbounded

尝试操作: File > Invalidate Caches / Restart...

- 加载网页时提示错误:net::ERR_CACHE_MISS

因为没有设置网络权限
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
  注意:直接用内置浏览器打开时又不会报错,那是因为调用的是手机自带浏览器,而不是你自己应用中的webView。 自己应用中的webView需要设置INTERNET权限才能访问网络

- startActivity没有成功跳转,查看日志,是否AndroidManifest中没有声明Activity

- java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException: Thread already started

不能重复start同一个线程, 可以重开新线程,或者使用下面的方法
  if (thread.getState() == Thread.State.NEW){
  thread.start();}

- Error:(6, 8) error: Attempt to recreate a file for type io.realm.AdvertisementInfoRealmProxyInterface

在别的文件夹中有一样名字的bean类,删除一个即可

- INSTALL_FAILED_NO_MATCHING_ABIS is when you are trying to install an app that has native libraries and it doesn't have a native library for your cpu architecture. For example if you compiled an app for armv7 and are trying to install it on an emulator that uses the Intel architecture instead it will not work.

虚拟机安装应用失败,INSTALL_FAILED_NO_MATCHING_ABIS,是因为native库不适配虚拟机

- 使用adb命令时
  adb opendir failed, Permission denied
  执行 adb root shell来进入
  exit退出adb
  如迁移系统文件夹数据
  adb root pull /data/data/tech.fuge.www.forgotfirstlinecode/files C:\Users\forgot\Desktop
  ???有问题 倒不出

- .Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformResourcesWithMergeJavaResForDebug'.
  com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: com.android.builder.packaging.DuplicateFileException: Duplicate files copied in APK META-INF/rxjava.properties
      File1: C:\Users\forgot\.gradle\caches\modules-2\files-2.1\io.reactivex.rxjava2\rxjava\2.1.0\2fdf84dedcaaeabb9d70cde9dbb8aad4eccb80a1\rxjava-2.1.0.jar
      File2: C:\Users\forgot\.gradle\caches\modules-2\files-2.1\io.reactivex\rxjava\1.1.1\b494968f6050d494de55dc3ce005e59c7eb40012\rxjava-1.1.1.jar

找到相应目录,删除重复文件即可

- MQTT报错
  java.lang.SecurityException: SHA-256 digest error for org/eclipse/paho/client/mqttv3/internal/ClientState.class
  暂停AS的Instant Run即可

- java.lang.IllegalStateException: Couldn't read row 0, col -1 from CursorWind
  数据库问题,看selectArgs那里是不是没有某个字段

-数据库更改数据时报错(Too many bind arguments.  2 arguments were provided but the statement needs 1 arguments.)

在Where字段中缺少了+ " = ?"
 正确写法:db.update(table, values, whereClause + "=?", whereArgs);

- 旧项目使用的apache网络请求过期了,需要在gradle设置 android{最后加入以下行}
  useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'

- WindowManager$BadTokenException: Unable to add window -- token null is not for an application

导致报这个错是在于new AlertDialog.Builder(mcontext),虽然这里的参数是AlertDialog.Builder(Context context)但我们不能使用getApplicationContext()获得的Context,而必须使用Activity,因为只有一个Activity才能添加一个窗体。

- java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()
  Handler若在子线程中运行的话,需要先Looper.prepare()

- Error:Conflict with dependency 'com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305'
依赖冲突
In your app's build.gradle add the following:
android {
    configurations.all {
        resolutionStrategy.force 'com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:1.3.9'
    }
}

- dialog - The specified child already has a parent. You must call removeView() on the child's parent first
The problem is on this line: alert.setView(input); You added input View that have already parent. Create new input instance.
检查最后的setView是不是layout中根view Id , 不要用edittext的id啊,看上面是不是还有viewgroup如linearlayout

- Android-Application被回收引发空指针异常分析(消灭全局变量)
https://blog.csdn.net/zivensonice/article/details/51451486

## Others
- android:allowBackup="true"  有风险,连接数据线可恢复备份数据,应该设置为false.
  作为一个jar库,不要设置allowBackup属性
- apk经常装到一半就失败error,可能是连接的口有问题,电脑换一个USB口试试(最后我是加一个USB扩展器才解决了)
- 查看log的额外方法 /Users/<user>/Library/Logs/AndroidStudio2.2/
- EditText挡住ListView的问题,在Manifest中设置Activity属性 android:windowSoftInputMode="stateAlwaysHidden|adjustPan"
- 微信支付调起失败,错误码-1 , 签名与微信后台记录的不对
- 谨防sql注入
所谓SQL注入,就是通过把SQL命令插入到Web表单递交或输入域名或页面请求的查询字符串,最终达到欺骗服务器执行恶意的SQL命令。
我们永远不要信任用户的输入,我们必须认定用户输入的数据都是不安全的,我们都需要对用户输入的数据进行过滤处理。
- 当复制 .git或.gitignore文件夹到另一个新目录下是,提示如下:
the item .git can't be replaced because it invisible
需要先把新目录下的.git文件夹或.gitignore删掉,然后就可以了

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Report Due in USS Wyoming Videotape Scandal
The USS Wyoming transits the Saint Marys River after departing Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay on Jan. 18, 2012. James Kimber/Navy
The Brunswick News, Ga. | By Gordon Jackson
ST. MARYS -- An administrative investigation into the video recording of female officers undressing in a shower aboard the USS Wyoming has been completed.
Navy officials said the JAGMAN report, with 32 enclosures, will be released via mail.
It is expected to have findings of facts, opinions and recommendations designed to improve command management and for corrective action.
Seven sailors faced court martial hearings for their roles recording female officers as they disrobed in the officers' only bathroom aboard the ballistic missile submarine.
The sailors, all enlisted, were accused of either recording or sharing copies of the videos taken with their cellphones. The sailors made their recordings through a crack in the bathroom walls.
After the incident, Navy officials said they were reviewing the cellphone policy.
Sailors were allowed to bring cellphones aboard and to use the devices in zones not designated as classified such as berthing areas, mess decks and wardrooms. But recording anything anywhere aboard a submarine is strictly prohibited without specific permission.
Six of the sailors were found guilty and given sentences of varying lengths.
The stiffest penalty was given to Petty Officer 2nd Class Charles Greaves, who pled guilty to taking videos of the officers.
He was sentenced to two years' confinement, forfeiture of pay, reduction in rank and a dishonorable discharge.
The lightest sentence was given to a sailor who initially lied about his knowledge of the videos, then voluntarily returned an hour later to tell investigators what he knew about the videos. He was sentenced to 30 days confinement, reduction in rank and a fine for lying when he was initially questioned about his knowledge of the videos.
US Navy Topics Crime Submarines Gear and Equipment
© Copyright 2019 The Brunswick News, Ga.. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


We the undersigned, call for a public apology from the New York University chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) to the NYU community for attempting to intimidate pro-Israel students by slipping one-sided mock eviction notices bearing anti-Semitic language under their doors in flagrant violation of university policy. Demonizing the Jewish people and the state of Israel through cherry-picked 'facts' and bold faced lies is classic anti-Semitism and must not be tolerated.
Additionally, we ask that the university administration take firm action against Students for Justice in Palestine for violating university policy and engaging in hate speech so that we can ensure that our campus remains safe for all students and that no minority group feels unwelcome.


If you are looking for Afghanistan embassy Kabul to get some details you are in right place. Here you can get all necessary information about Afghanistan embassy Kabul, Afghanistan including Afghanistan embassy Kabul address, Afghanistan embassy Kabul contact number, Afghanistan embassy Kabul website and other details.
Afghanistan embassy in Kabul is here to represent the Afghan Government and to deal with the issues related to Afghanistan visas. If you want to know about facts, culture and any information about Afghanistan then feel free to contact with the Afghanistan embassy in Kabul. They deal with good manners and answer every query in time with no delay.
Afghanistan embassy in Kabul also assists in visa requirements and processing. Afghanistan embassy Kabul contact number is already provided on our site so you can contact them anytime to know about Afghanistan embassy in Kabul timings. Afghanistan embassy Kabul also welcomes any queries about passports and visas for Afghanistan before planning your trip so you can plan accordingly.
The visa processing by Afghanistan embassy Kabul can take few weeks. Therefore, you must apply for the visa a few weeks before your departure date. If you are seeking information regarding Afghanistan citizenship, then Afghanistan embassy in Kabul tells the whole process of getting citizenship. You can personally visit the Afghan embassy in Kabul the address is also provided on our site to get in touch with them directly.
We recommend that you must not follow any information about Afghanistan visa available over the internet on various websites because the rules change and the sites don't update information. Only the concerned department can provide you with the latest and reliable information about Afghanistan visas. You must get information from Afghanistan embassy Kabul website or by contacting Afghanistan embassy Kabul phone numbers to get up to date information.
If you are looking for Afghanistan embassy Kabul to get some details you are on right place. Here you can get all necessary information about Afghanistan embassy Kabul, Afghanistan including Afghanistan embassy Kabul address, Afghanistan embassy Kabul contact number, Afghanistan embassy Kabul website and other details.
Afghanistan Embassy In Kabul - Embassy Of Afghanistan Kabul - Embassy Of Afghanistan In Kabul Afghanistan - Afghanistan Embassy In Afghanistan - Afghanistan Embassy Afghanistan - Afghanistan Embassy Afghanistan Contact Number - Afghanistan Embassy Afghanistan Address - Embassy Of Afghanistan In Afghanistan - Embassy Of Afghanistan In Kabul - Afghanistan Embassy Afghanistan Contact Details - Afghanistan Embassy Kabul - Afghanistan Embassy Kabul Fax Number - Afghanistan Embassy Kabul Email - Afghanistan Embassy Kabul Website - Afghanistan Embassy Website - Afghanistan Embassy Kabul Visa Form If you are looking for Afghanistan embassy Kabul to get some details you are on right place. Here you can get all necessary information about Afghanistan embassy Kabul, Afghanistan including Afghanistan embassy Kabul address, Afghanistan embassy Kabul contact number, Afghanistan embassy Kabul website and other details.


Get our top content delivered right to your inbox, every other week.
Keep up with the trends in business communications and technology that impact your business, profession, and industry.
From basic milestones to deep dives into new cloud integrations, learn how to optimize your business cloud communications.
The traditional office has traded up to a virtual team model. Learn how to keep up when working from virtually anywhere.


Since I was romantic towards you.
and hold you once again.
And be free from you at last.
was going down-hill in life.
and gaining more weight than what was healthy.
and can't find a way to cope with life anymore.
I had a bad taste in my mouth.
as I walked throughout my house.
But, I just want to ask Joshua?
At what point, did you lose your humanity?
I guess this is the end between you and I.


This leading symbol of non-profit transparency and accountability is presented by GuideStar, the world's largest source of non-profit information.
The Brockport Foundation was recognized with a Gold Seal of Transparency for publicly sharing contact and financial information, goals, strategies, capabilities, indicators, and progress on its profile on the GuideStar website — providing current and potential donors with accurate and in-depth knowledge about the many ways in which the Foundation advances The College at Brockport in its commitment to student success.
Less than five percent of non-profits registered with GuideStar have been recognized with a Gold Seal. More than 8 million visitors per year and a network of 200+ partners use GuideStar data to grow support for non-profits.
Check out our GuideStar Nonprofit Profile below.


It ended weirdly... Mum got pretty sick, right before Xmas. She's out of hospital now, waiting on more tests and exams. Up until then - all in all, not too shabby a year.
2015 - get your ducks in a row, we expect a pearler!


I'm with LaceyEx.....I'm still PLATING dinner!
I'm sorry....that was a hilarious post after Lacey admitted the Smirnoff! I'm STILL laughing at it.
Okay here's some useless info-an ear of corn had the same number of silks as kernels. Mr. L's a font of useless info and I guess I caught it.
The beer made me contemplate 'What if chickens ruled the world'?????????
LOL GloryB! I'm still contemplating the plating!
Just don't lay an egg okay?
I think it is possibly drink related.....but we can call it something fancy if it makes you feel better.
Right on...Ready for another drinkie drinkie! Hiccup!


The carpal tunnel is a thin tube located near the palm side of the wrist. It is covered with bones and ligaments. The main nerve to the hand and the nine tendons that help to bend the fingers are protected by the carpal tunnel. Fortunately, carpal tunnel syndrome can be cured with proper treatment.
Numbness and tingling are the first stage symptoms of the condition. It progresses gradually and causes other symptoms too.
Numbness or tingling: The patient may experience numbness in the fingers and hand. This symptom may increase as the condition progresses.
Weakness: The patient will experience weakness in the hands. As a result, there can be a tendency to drop objects hold in the hand. If the symptoms persist for long, it is time to see the doctor and seek medical help.
Compression in the median nerve is the main cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. The median nerve travels through the carpal tunnel tube in the hand. The carpal tunnel tube controls the sensation and motor function of the hand and fingers (except the little finger). When the median nerve is irritated by any crowd, it can compress the median nerve and finally leads to carpal tunnel syndrome.
A wrist fracture can also become a cause for carpal tunnel syndrome by narrowing the carpal tunnel and irritating the nerve. Swelling and inflammation due to rheumatoid arthritis can also lead to carpal tunnel syndrome. A single cause cannot be identified in many cases. A combination of risk factors can lead to the development of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Open surgery: It is the traditional surgical option to treat carpal tunnel syndrome. During the surgery, the surgeon will create an incision in the palm over the carpal tunnel tube. The surgeon will make a cut over there to make the nerve free from ligaments.
Endoscopic surgery: A telescope is used in an endoscopic surgery. The telescope will have a camera attached to it. This will enable an inner view of the carpal tunnel. By making one or more incisions in the hand or wrist, the surgeon will make a cut over the ligament.


When someone we love dies, most people experience grief. That grief can take many shapes and forms, can last for years or for a short time, and can be mild or intense — or both — during different times of the grief period.
"Winter of the Heart: Finding Your Way Through the Mystery of Grief" by Paula D'Arcy. Ave Maria Press (Notre Dame, Indiana, 2018). 50 pp., $6.95.
"Bruised and Wounded: Struggling to Understand Suicide" by Ronald Rolheiser. Paraclete Press (Brewster, Massachusetts, 2018). 77 pp., $10.99.
While she approaches the topic from a reasoned and analytical view, she writes as someone who has experienced the process of grief in a most personal and devastating way: Her husband and young daughter were killed in an auto accident.
When she writes that the questions raised during the grieving process "can be overwhelming, and they are not easily sorted," the reader senses that she has experienced this firsthand. Later on the same page when she explains that grief can be both a formidable foe and a fierce ally, one can understand that she has personally surrendered herself to God during a time of "deep brokenness" and tremendous pain.
At 50 pages in length, the book can easily be read quickly but to do so would take away from the wisdom and insight that D'Arcy has so painfully gained. This is a book to read slowly and return to repeatedly to chew on the many nuggets she offers. Most chapters are only a few pages long. Also in each chapter steps for moving through the grieving process are highlighted.
This is a book to be shared with those experiencing grief and those who wish to understand what others are experiencing.
Father Ron Rolheiser is a prolific writer and speaker. Many of his works look at complex theological issues, such as the human heart's search for God ("Holy Longing") and they are written in a style that is inviting and informative. Here he takes on the difficult issue of suicide in his usual style, writing with both compassion and empathy.
Father Rolheiser has experienced the loss of friends in this manner, and he has comforted others at the time of suicide in their families. In his words one feels comforted.
He writes that suicide is a disease, like cancer, and that those who commit suicide are usually sensitive. He notes that those who die at their own hands can be trusted to the "infinite understanding and compassion" of God.
This book offers hope and healing to those who have experienced the loss of a loved one or anyone trying to understand the topic.


Germany demands end to exodus. EU police met last week. Italy and Greece say Kurd migrants are welcome.
'Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free," reads the Emma Lazarus poem inscribed on the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. The sentiment has been taken up in Rome in recent days.
Last week, Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi said the Kurdish refugees fleeing Turkey across the Adriatic Sea in rickety boats would be welcomed "with open arms."
And Italian President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro declared his country "wide open" to "people living with persecution."
What has played in Italy as noble idealism, however, has been seen in Germany as cynical grandstanding. Italy's announced decision to grant political asylum to the approximately 2,000 refugees that have arrived since the beginning of the new year touched off a bitter conflict with Germany.
The conflict was calmed - somewhat - by a marathon 10-hour meeting of European police chiefs at the end of last week. Turkey and seven European Union (EU) members agreed to a program of tighter controls on Kurds departing from Turkey.
Yesterday, Turkish police detained more than 1,300 people in a crackdown on would-be illegal immigrants to Western Europe.
Both the German and Turkish governments consider the Kurds economic migrants rather than political refugees.
It's a sensitive point for Turkey, whose government does not like being accused of repression against its population: 27,000 people are estimated to have died in the guerrilla conflict between Kurdish rebels and government forces.
It's also a sensitive point for Germany, the likely final destination for these Kurds, because of its generous social benefits and the large Kurdish communities already established here. "Hundreds of thousands of Kurds in Germany exercise a powerful attraction," says Giorgio Napolitano, the Italian interior minister.
Even if Italian authorities decide the incoming Kurds are not qualified for political asylum, they have 15 days to get out of the country, which in many cases means heading for Germany.
In October, Italy joined Germany, Austria, France, the Benelux countries, Portugal, and Spain as a signatory to the Schengen Accord, which allows for passport-free border crossings between participants. So once on Italian soil, travelers face no further immigration restrictions as they head to other "Schengen" countries.
Even in a country as self-consciously a "land of immigrants" as the United States, where the melting-pot ideal has been elevated to the status of national myth, there are inconsistencies in treatment of would-be immigrant groups: Cubans fleeing Castro, si; Haitians, no.
Here in Germany, sensitivities about the arrival of new waves of foreigners are even keener. On one hand, many Germans have had their own experiences as refugees: the legions forced out of the Sudetenland in what is now the Czech Republic at the end of World War II, and the waves of Silesians forced westward into defeated, war-ravaged Germany when the map was redrawn and their communities reassigned to Poland.
On the other hand, today's Germans note they have accepted more Bosnian refugees and more Kurds from Turkey and Iraq than has the rest of the EU combined. The country's financially strapped cities and towns are feeling the pinch. Unemployment for December hit a record 4.55 million, seasonally adjusted.
Chancellor Helmut Kohl admitted publicly Friday that his stated goal of cutting joblessness by half by 2000 is "certainly not achievable."
And in the run-up to federal elections Sept. 27, politicians are playing on voters' fears of joblessness, crime, and immigration - which can appear closely related.
Germany's conflict with Greece and Turkey, as well as Italy, over lax border controls has been smoothed over by an agreement reached in Rome Thursday.
The accord included provisions to police external borders more carefully and to exchange criminal investigative information among EU members to prevent what Manfred Kanther, Germany's hard-line conservative interior minister, called "a criminal wave of migration" into Germany and other countries. Mr. Kanther pronounced himself pleased with the accord.
On Saturday, Turkey's Interior Minister Murat Basegioglu said his country's police had arrested 3,000 would-be illegal immigrants bound for Western Europe.
Earlier in the week, German newspapers had speculated that Turkish authorities may have been responsible for the earlier wave of refugees in the first place. The presumption was that this was in revenge for hurt feelings after the Luxembourg summit last month, at which Turkey's bid for membership in the EU was rejected.
The Kurdish wave and the Rome accord show how hard it still is for the EU to work out what should be fundamental building blocks on European unity, such as free movement across borders - and also how necessary it is to work together.
The wave also illustrates how difficult it can be for the EU to engage on the nettlesome issue of human rights abuses by a close partner and prospective member such as Turkey. Even advocates of Turkish membership in the EU, such as Ankara's ambassador to Bonn Volkan Vural, concede the country has serious human rights problems.
The liberal German weekly Die Zeit praises Italy in the latest issue for having the courage to acknowledge that the Kurds have legitimate grievances and to grant them political asylum. The paper further calls for financial help to Italy for increased border policing.
Free movement or secure borders?
With more neighbors than any other country in Europe, security-conscious Germany is particularly worried about border controls and imported crime. But Bonn has notably not called for suspension of the Schengen accord - despite Mr. Kanther's harsh criticism of other countries' border policing.
Torn between the Schengen accord, with its promise of free movement, and internal demands for strict guarding of "Schengenland's" outer borders, Germany is calling for both. Germany doesn't want to be seen to dominate the EU, but it wants what it wants.
Germany's reaction to Italian behavior on the Kurdish issue can also be seen as another episode in the love-hate relationship between the two countries. On one hand, Italy is a popular destination for Germans, who have been admirers of Italy's culture at least since Goethe.
But over the past couple of years, German Finance Minister Theo Waigel has been publicly alarmed at the prospect of letting Italians, with their allegedly sloppy public finances, into the European currency union - never mind that Bonn has been having trouble getting its own finances into shape to meet the single-currency criteria.
And now the accusation is that the Italians aren't practicing good border control.


Gallery Tilal invites you to celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Free Atelier & to stand in appreciation to the Kuwaiti Pioneer Artists who set the corner-stone of the Formative Art in Kuwait.
Mahtab, usually art fair is the place where only private galleries can participate. However, some (few) art fairs are different and open for artists participation check this link and select on of them to contact and receive information.


Gina Diggers: archaeologist, scientist, and bystander in a war between universes and planar territories stows away on a warship carrying twenty-foot-tall Quantumarines! The Q'rines have fought their powerful yet diminutive rivals to a standstill, retaking Brobdingnag and pushing their foes off Blefuscu. Now comes the long-awaited Attack on Lilliput!!!