text:
Водопровод мозга, или водопровод среднего мозга, или Сильвиев водопровод, или Сильвиев канал, () — узкий канал, соединяющий полость третьего желудочка головного мозга с четвертым у позвоночных животных и представляющий собой участок центрального мозгового канала. Сильвиев водопровод лежит непосредственно под четверохолмием () у млекопитающих или двухолмием () y прочих позвоночных. Назван в честь голландского врача, физиолога и анатома Франциска Сильвия (1614—1672).

Вокруг водопровода располагается центральное серое вещество, в котором заложены ретикулярная формация, ядра III и ядра IV пар черепных нервов и др. На сечениях среднего мозга сильвиев водопровод может иметь вид треугольника, ромба или эллипса. Через него происходит циркуляция ликвора (спинномозговой жидкости).

Водопровод мозга у человека

У человека представляет собой канал длиной около 15 мм, соединяющий в головном мозгу полость третьего желудочка головного мозга с четвертым. Дорсальную стенку образует пластинка четверохолмия среднего мозга, вентральную — покрышка ножек мозга. Образуется в онтогенезе из полости третьего мозгового пузыря.

Вокруг Сильвиева водопровода находится центральное серое вещество (substantia grisea centralis), анатомически относящееся к покрышке среднего мозга. Это серое вещество направляет свои восходящие проекции в ядра шва и в голубое пятно, а также в соматосенсорные и висцеросенсорные ядра таламуса. Оно также имеет нисходящие проекции в спинной мозг. Восходящие нервные волокна спиноталамического пути, проводящие ощущения боли и температуры, на своём пути в таламус делают промежуточную «остановку» в околоводопроводном сером веществе. Эта часть спиноталамического пути называется спиномезэнцефалическим путём. В свою очередь, воспринимающие болевые и температурные ощущения ядра таламуса направляют свои нисходящие волокна обратной связи к спинному мозгу также через центральное серое вещество. В центральном сером веществе в области дна водопровода располагаются ядра двух пар черепных нервов. на уровне верхних холмиков четверохолмия среднего мозга, ближе к срединной линии залегает парное ядро глазодвигательного нерва (III пара черепных нервов). Вентральнее от него залегает добавочное ядро глазодвигательного нерва (n. oculomotorius accessorius) — ядро Якубовича, ядро Вестваля-Эдингера. Несколько выше и кпереди от ядра глазодвигательного нерва залегает одно из ядер ретикулярной формации — промежуточное ядро (nucleus interstitialis, ядро Кахаля).

Патология
Наиболее частыми причинами дисфункции водопровода является его сужение (стеноз), обтурация просвета опухолью, либо же врожденные аномалии развития. Самым распространенным заболеванием, вызванным изменениями структуры канала, является гидроцефалия.

Иллюстрации

См. также
 Средний мозг
 Четверохолмие

Примечания

Ликворопроводящая система головного мозга


(Not) Having a Sense of Humor is Dangerous: Am I Charlie?
What the massacre this Wednesday leaves us with is questions, including as one correspondent on NPR put it, just how small is God, that she/he/it/they can't take a little ribbing? That's not just a Muslim thing, not even a religious thing…a Muslim comic conveyed a story of censorship here in the States, when the network told him to remove the mention of several corporations from his monologue because it might cost them a sponsor. There is not a Sacred Cow anywhere in the world that could not stand the paradoxical benefit of a humorous challenge. Continue Reading (Not) Having a Sense of Humor is Dangerous: Am I Charlie?


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Can Brock Purdy be the first rookie quarterback to win the Super Bowl?
9 January 2023, 5:04 pm ·10-min read
In the 2022 NFL season, there have been few stories as remarkable as that of San Francisco 49ers quarterback Brock Purdy, who heads into the postseason with a golden opportunity to become the first rookie quarterback to lead a team to Super Bowl glory.
Purdy has been a revelation since being thrust into the spotlight as the starting quarterback in the wake of the fractured foot suffered by Jimmy Garoppolo in the Week 13 win over the Miami Dolphins.
This was supposed to be Trey Lance's team in 2022, but with the third overall pick in 2021 removed from the equation with a season-ending ankle injury in Week 2, there are pertinent questions asking if it is now Purdy's for the long term, and they are merited given how he has performed in an extraordinary start to his career.
Belying his status as the last pick in the 2022 draft, Purdy has confidently piloted one of the best offenses in football, with the 49ers averaging a league-leading 33.6 points per game since he became the full-time starter.
In addition to Purdy ensuring the 49ers beat the Dolphins following Garoppolo's first-quarter departure, he has since won each of his first five starts, helping the NFC West champion Niners finish the regular season on a 10-game winning streak.
With the 49ers' win over the Arizona Cardinals in Week 18, in which he threw three touchdowns, Purdy became the third rookie quarterback to win his first five starts, following Ben Roethlisberger (won first 13 starts in 2004) and Mike Kruczek (first six in 1968).
He is the third player in NFL history with at least two touchdown passes in each of his first five starts, joining Dan Marino and Billy Volek, while he is only the second rookie with at least two touchdown throws in six consecutive games. The other was Justin Herbert in 2020.
Purdy's passer rating over his first five starts of 119.0 is second only to Kurt Warner (131.4) in 1999. Though Warner was not a rookie, he went on to lead the St. Louis Rams to a Super Bowl title, winning Super Bowl MVP in the process.
The support system for Purdy as he looks to make league history is excellent. San Francisco's offense is stacked with playmakers, with the addition of Christian McCaffrey to a group that already included Deebo Samuel, Brandon Aiyuk and George Kittle having a transformative impact on Kyle Shanahan's attack.
San Francisco's plethora of weaponry is a significant reason why Purdy went into Week 18 ranked fourth among quarterbacks with at least 100 plays in expected passing situations in Efficiency Versus Expected (EVE). Prior to the blowout of the Cardinals, Purdy was averaging 1.47 yards over expected in anticipated passing situations.
With a defense led by Defensive Player of the Year frontrunner Nick Bosa establishing itself as the NFL's best, the 49ers went into Week 18 ranked first overall in EVE.
By that measure, the 49ers are the best team in the NFL, but history is firmly against Purdy having success in his quest to guide them to a sixth Lombardi Trophy in franchise history.
Nineteen rookies have started in the playoffs in the Super Bowl era, posting a 9-19 record across 28 games.
While no rookie quarterback has lifted the Lombardi, the performances of a selection of those to have entered the heat of the postseason battle in their first season offer a glimpse into what may lie ahead for Purdy, as he prepares to start his playoff career against the Seattle Seahawks on Saturday.
Ben Roethlisberger (2004)
Roethlisberger may be the best parallel we can draw for Purdy given their shared place in the NFL history books.
The Pittsburgh Steelers great enjoyed an entirely different draft experience in 2004, playing the role of frustrated spectator until the 11th pick as the famous Eli Manning-Philip Rivers saga took its course.
Roethlisberger made the San Diego Chargers and New York Giants initially look foolish for not valuing him higher, helping a juggernaut Steelers team to a 15-1 record and the number one seed in the AFC.
Yet his first postseason proved a difficult one for Big Ben, with Roethlisberger completing only 57.4 per cent of his passes for 407 yards, three touchdowns and five interceptions, recording a passer rating of 61.3.
Three of his five picks came in the AFC Championship Game loss to the New England Patriots, whose opportunistic defensive performance inspired them to a third Super Bowl appearance – and ultimately a third Super Bowl title – in four seasons.
Purdy has the benefit of having the league's premier defense on his side, and the top-seeded Philadelphia Eagles would appear to be the only team in the 49ers' way who possess the capability to pose him problems akin to those Roethlisberger experienced back in January 2005.
The NFL has changed significantly since Bill Belichick's defense denied Roethlisberger a chance at history, but the Steelers' Conference Championship game woes of 18 years ago are a scarcely needed reminder of the value of protecting the football.
Purdy, who has 13 touchdowns to four interceptions, has done a largely impressive job in that sense, and if he continues in the same manner, the 49ers will be excellently positioned for a deep run. If the Niners do fall short, Purdy may take heart from Roethlisberger's second season, which saw him lead the Steelers to victory in Super Bowl XL against the Seattle Seahawks.
Joe Flacco (2008) & Mark Sanchez (2009)
Flacco and Sanchez are also decent examples that could be a guide to how Purdy's playoff journey may go.
Unlike Purdy, they were both highly drafted quarterbacks, but they are comparable in that they had the benefit of supporting casts built for January success. Both made it all the way to the AFC Championship Game.
Flacco did not have to do much to get to that point with the 2008 Baltimore Ravens. Across his three postseason games, Flacco completed just 44 per cent of his passes for 437 yards, one touchdown and three interceptions, giving him a passer rating of just 50.8.
Yet the Ravens were able to succeed by leaning on a third-ranked defense and a fourth-ranked run game, taking the pressure off Flacco. Indeed, Baltimore gave up just 19 points across the first two rounds of the playoffs. It was only when the Ravens faced a top-ranked Pittsburgh Steelers defense in the title game that Flacco's shortcomings as a rookie proved decisive.
A year later, Sanchez fared better with the New York Jets, hitting on just over 60 per cent of his passes for 539 yards, four touchdowns and a pair of picks, posting a passer rating of 92.7.
Though his numbers were better, the formula was the same, the Jets riding Rex Ryan's dominant defense and a ground attack that led the NFL in yards per game to the Conference Championship.
Flacco went on to enjoy one of the great postseason runs in the 2012 season in leading the Ravens to glory, beating the 49ers in the Super Bowl, but Purdy will have designs on comfortably surpassing Sanchez's achievements following the electric start to his career.
He has thrived throwing the ball to the intermediate area of the field. On throws between 10 and 20 yards, Purdy has a delivered an accurate, well-thrown ball 83.7 per cent of the time. That is second only to Andy Dalton (85.6) among quarterbacks with at least 20 such attempts.
But with McCaffrey, Samuel and Elijah Mitchell giving the 49ers arguably the most versatile backfield in the NFL, one in which both McCaffrey and Samuel are threats to run the ball, catch it out of the backfield or line up in the formation as a receiver, San Francisco can significantly ease the pressure on Purdy by leaning on the ground game and short checkdown throws that always have the potential to be turned into big plays.
On top of that, the defense, which finished the season with the second-best success rate (35.9 per cent) in the league, has consistently shown its ability to put the team on its back despite some signs of vulnerability in recent weeks.
Purdy's early success points to him having a career superior to that of Flacco and Sanchez, but the 49ers could manage him in much similar fashion to how they were handled in the playoffs in his first postseason experience.
Russell Wilson (2012)
One of the best rookie quarterback performances in the playoffs came from a player who was previously the thorn in the 49ers' side with the Seahawks.
Wilson won the Super Bowl in only his second season, but the groundwork for that run was laid during a superb rookie year.
The Seahawks star was excellent in his first postseason, completing 62.9 per cent of his passes for 572 yards, three touchdowns and an interception. He posted a passer rating of 102.4, leading the Seahawks to a win over Washington at FedEx Field in the Wild Card round before falling short against the Atlanta Falcons in the Divisional round.
Wilson had the benefit of a full regular season under his belt and was a better athlete than Purdy is at that point in his career.
Yet the 49ers will hope the repetitions Purdy has to his name in calmly leading them through the stretch run will be enough for him to perform at a level akin to that of Wilson, albeit with expectations of significantly better results.
Cautionary tales
As the overall record indicates, starting a rookie quarterback in the playoffs typically ends badly. Matt Ryan threw two interceptions in his postseason debut in 2008 and Dalton was picked off three times as he and the Cincinnati Bengals suffered Wild Card round heartache in 2011. Andrew Luck led the Colts to the playoffs in 2012, but his postseason bow saw him post a passer rating of just 59.8.
Robert Griffin III's sole playoff appearance in 2012 ended in a knee injury as he was beaten by Wilson and the Seahawks in a battle of the rookies, while in 2018 Lamar Jackson was confounded by a Los Angeles Chargers defense that frequently deployed seven defensive backs to hold the dual-threat in check and restrict him to a completion percentage of 48.3.
Mac Jones was the last rookie to start a playoff game, doing so last January, but was intercepted twice in trying in vain to help to the Patriots keep up with a Buffalo Bills team that blew them away 47-17.
Even if Purdy maintains his stellar level of play, there is a chance that, in the lottery of the postseason, it still may not be enough.
Indeed, Dak Prescott threw for over 300 yards and three touchdowns for the Dallas Cowboys in his playoff debut in the 2016 Divisional round and still came up short as he was outdueled by Aaron Rodgers in a 34-31 thriller.
That game serves as a perfect illustration as to why the playoffs are a different animal. The stakes go up, and the standard can also rise to a point where a player's best is often not good enough. In a Wild Card game against a Seahawks team he had little issue beating in the regular season, it will soon become apparent whether Purdy has what it takes to give this Cinderella quarterback story a fairytale ending.
Johnny Sexton holds no grudge against Warren Gatland after painful Lions snub
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Tottenham mug Romano off as defender's loan transfer turns into 'mutual contract termination'
Tottenham Hotspur have confirmed that Matt Doherty has had his 'contract mutually terminated' and he has since signed for Atletico Madrid.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Middle East & Africa Opinion The Politic Blog
Women, Iran, and Democratization
Chloe Kimball November 6, 2016
On September 27th, 2013, Barack Obama broke three decades of diplomatic silence with a phone call made to Hassan Rouhani, the newly elected President of Iran. The historic phone call between the two heads of state laid a foundation of trust that led to the eventual passage of the Iranian Deal in 2015.
As other year-old headlines slip into collective memory, today's presidential race has ensured that the hotly contested agreement remain in the fore of American purview. While the merits and pitfalls of such a monumental deal ought to be scrutinized at length, today's partisan discourse is often myopic in scope. Politicians from both sides of the isle invoke the deal largely to fire up their base of supporters, further polarizing the already divided electorate. Instead of exploiting the deal as fodder for partisan feuds, the deal ought to be understood within the arc of Iranian-American diplomatic history.
In his talk at Yale University, professor of sociology at the Naugatuck Valley Community College Farshad Malek-Admadi attempted to do just this. In summarizing his book, Democracy and Constitutional Politics in Iran, Malek-Admadi sought to situate today's diplomatic realities within a broader context of Iran's struggle for democracy as it relates to the progression of American-Iranian relations. While his intention to broaden the scope of political understandings was well-guided, a significant portion of his audience walked out on the event, suggesting his talk was not as well received as it could have been. Repetitive, unorganized, and punctuated by extended silences, his lecture relied on gross generalizations that often upheld Orientalist notions of Middle Eastern society as a stagnant foil to the progressive West.
At the onset of his talk, Malek-Admadi argued that there "has always been a strong bond" between the Iranian and American people because both countries have a diverse population as well as a history of female activism. Despite the persecution minority groups face today, Malek-Admadi cited Iran's twelve major ethno-religious groups as evidence of the nation's diverse makeup. In truth, Iran, with its significant Azeri, Kurdish, and Arab populations, is one of the most diverse nations in the Middle East. That being said, Malek-Admadi failed to demonstrate how Iran's ethno-religious diversity has ever factored into America's diplomatic efforts.
While popular stereotypes depict Iran as a perpetual site of female oppression, Malek-Admadi aptly noted that the first women's liberation movement emerged nearly a century earlier in Iran than it did in the United States. Moreover, Iranian women stood at the forefront of the Tobacco Rebellion of 1891-92, campaigning for national sovereignty in the face of imperialist encroachment. In stark contrast to history's heyday of female activism, Malek-Admadi claimed that Iranian women have "no freedom" in today's world. Just as he commenced his lecture with generalizations concerning the state of women in Iran, so too did he conclude his with an anecdote of domestic abuse as a paradigm representative of Iranian gender relations more broadly.
According to Malek-Admadi, the oppression of Iranian women stems not from popular will but from an utter lack of legitimate governance. Under a Weberian framework, there exist three forms of governing structures, whereby legitimate authority is borne by tradition, charismatic leadership, or the rule of law. Malek-Admadi contends that Iran's theocracy fails to fulfill any of Weber's criterion, for in Iran, it is the arbitrary will of the ruling elite that prevails. Rather than deriving authority from tradition, leadership, or law, Iran's elite foments instability so as to justify oppression and consolidate power. In light of this reality, Malek-Admadi dual conclusion is that today's Iran is both less free than it was a century ago and "incapable of real reform and democratization."
After the hour-long lecture drew to a close, Malek-Admadi turned to his audience for questions. Asked how exactly Shah's regime was "more free" than today's society, Malek-Admadi explained that under the Shah women often served as judges and "could dress as they wanted," as if to imply that Muslim practices surrounding female dress are somehow inherently oppressive. Malek-Admadi was then solicited for his evaluation of Rouhani, who he believes is utterly powerless and has not effected change. While it's recognized that the Ayatollah wields great authority in Iranian government, it is known that Rouhani has used what authority the president does hold to expanded women's rights. For example, Rouhani has repeatedly appointed women to the foreign ministry throughout his tenure.
While Malek-Ahmadi's talk left many in the room disappointed, the 2015 Iran Colloquium series has two remaining modules that will hopefully promote more nuanced narratives of often distorted histories. Yale's Kevin Gledhill's lecture "The Caspian Merchants and Regional Autonomy in Gilan, 1764-1786" is scheduled for November 11th. Columbia University's Mahnaz Moazami's talk "Zoroastrian Intellectual History" will take place on December 2nd. Both are open to the public.
Ayatollah
Malek-Admadi
The Nation's Children: Hillary Clinton at the Yale Child Study Center
Battleground Texas: The Fight for a Red State
seed adam
Women share of repression and lossing their rights are much higher than men in clerical regime. This is approved by Hassan Rohani


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6 Agra corona cases shifted to Delhi: UP Minister
By IANS On Mar 3, 2020 0
(Photo: IANS/DPRO)
Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Health Minister Jai Pratap Singh, on Tuesday confirmed six positive cases of coronavirus in Uttar Pradesh and said all of them have been shifted to Delhi's Safdarjung Hospital.
"A family went on a trip to Europe and after returning to India, they showed symptoms of deadly COVID-19. Soon after, the samples of 13 members of the family were taken. Out of them, six have been found positive," the minister said.
All six, including two shoe exporters, belonging to Agra, have been shifted to Safdarjung hospital in Delhi, he added. The decision was taken after a close relative of the exporters, who too had visited Italy with them, tested positive for COVID-19 in Delhi.
They had visited Italy last month.
According to health officials, the two exporters, who were brothers, had been kept in the isolation ward in district hospital since Monday after they had developed symptoms of the disease, including high fever and respiratory problems.
Their other family members had been advised to "quarantine" themselves at their home and their throat swabs were taken for testing.
coronavirus Chinacoronavirus IndiaCOVID-19DelhiUttar Pradesh
Wriddhiman Saha named in Bengal squad for Ranji final
Reach of 'fake news' websites during elections overstated


Serpent's Rage is a Tier 3 Axe Schematic found in Dragon Age Inquisition. In order to craft it you will need the materials located in the Materials portion of the table. The tables below show the possible damage outputs (based on the tier of Metal) and the bonuses possible (based on the slot, material and quantitiy) for THIS weapon.
Random drop from boss in Shallow Mire.
Location: Hissing Waste, Venatori Mage drop, Venatori mountain camp. Abilities cost 20% less mana/stamina if not being hit for 5 seconds.
Location: ?? Abilities cost 10% less mana/stamina if not being hit for 5 seconds.
Location: ?? Abilities cost 15% less mana/stamina if not being hit for 5 seconds.
Location: ?? Abilities cost 5% less mana/stamina.
Location: Emprise Du Lion, Hissing Wastes Abilities cost 7.5% less mana/stamina.
This item will not drop due to a bug.
fight the high dragon, requires mage to energize the bridge.
Location: -Randomly in Hissing Wastes near Statue Camp.


CALVARY CHAPEL OROVILLE AND CALVARY CHAPEL CHICO ARE ACCEPTING DONATIONS FOR THE RELIEF EFFORT.
The community of Paradise CA was literally burned to the ground, thousands have been left homeless and the fire is only about 30% contained. Most people need food, gas, clothing and housing. We continue to pray for those needs and especially temporary housing.


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Security Council Press Statement on Sudan/South Sudan
SC/10773-AFR/2444
SC/10773
AFR/2444
Department of Public Information • News and Media Division • New York
The Security Council heard a briefing on 20 September by Special Envoy Haile Menkerios on the implementation of resolution 2046 (2012) and the African Union road map.
The members of the Security Council welcomed the resumed negotiations between Sudan and South Sudan under the auspices of the African Union High-level Implementation Panel and the progress those discussions have made in narrowing differences between the two sides. Given that critical issues remain to be resolved, the members of the Council strongly encouraged the negotiators to continue intensive work to resolve all remaining issues outlined in resolution 2046 and the African Union road map. They welcomed the intentions of the African Union High-level Implementation Panel to convene a summit meeting of the two Presidents on September 23 to finalize agreements on all issues.
The members of the Council affirmed that it is the responsibility of the Presidents of Sudan and South Sudan to exercise constructive leadership and demonstrate the political will to ratify the progress made and bridge the remaining gaps to ensure the successful conclusion of the negotiations on September 23, in accordance with the decisions of the Security Council and the African Union Peace and Security Council. The members of the Council reiterated the urgency of immediately establishing the Joint Border Verification and Monitoring Mission on the basis of a Safe Demilitarized Border Zone.
The members of the Security Council reiterated their grave concern about the rapidly worsening humanitarian situation in South Kordofan and Blue Nile States of Sudan. They strongly urged all parties to expedite all necessary steps to immediately commence humanitarian relief operations in accordance with the Memoranda of Understanding the parties signed with the tripartite partners. The members of the Council once again stressed the urgency of immediately delivering humanitarian relief supplies to the affected civilian populations, so as to avoid any further suffering or loss of life.
The members of the Security Council called on the Government of Sudan and the SPLM-N to begin direct talks, urgently agree to and implement a cessation of hostilities, and create a conducive environment for further progress on political and security issues.
* *** *
For information media • not an official record


Prologo is a word meaning the start - often the beginning of a journey. Their objective is to combine technology and materials to produce innovative saddles that encompass the cyclist to form a link between man/energy and bicycle/machine. Enjoy your Journey!!
Prologo Zero II Pas Nack Saddle with Carbon Rails is rated 4.4 out of 5 by 5.
Rated 3 out of 5 by Kevlar4567 from You don't get what you see When I received this product, it had a white Prologo badge at rear, Wiggle said all there stock were like this, weight was 20grams above stated, contacted Prologo and they said this was there old model!
Rated 5 out of 5 by Dkmew from Perfect The best looking saddle I've ever come across and comfy too. What else do you want from a saddle?
Rated 4 out of 5 by fairy1 from quality saddle Working out which saddle to buy in the prologo range is not easy, but i am very please with this light comfortable saddle. The construction is very well made and it looks pretty good too! It replaces one of my ageing Toupe and it is much better made!
With the carbon rails on this saddle, would it be compatible with a Canyon Ultimate CF SLX 9.0 (currently on order)?
I can confirm this should be compatible.
Currently use a Prologo with alloy (Tirox) rails along with FSA K-Force post. Is any adapter needed for my post to accommodate Nack rails or is the profile of the Nack and Tirox similar/same ?


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Opportunity (rover)
For the latest updates, see Opportunity mission timeline.
Opportunity, also known as MER-B (Mars Exploration Rover – B) or MER-1, and nicknamed "Oppy",[8] is a robotic rover that was active on Mars from 2004 until the middle of 2018.[2] Launched on July 7, 2003, as part of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover program, it landed in Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004, three weeks after its twin Spirit (MER-A) touched down on the other side of the planet.[9] With a planned 90-sol duration of activity (slightly more than 90 Earth days), Spirit functioned until it got stuck in 2009 and ceased communications in 2010, while Opportunity was able to stay operational for 5111 sols after landing, maintaining its power and key systems through continual recharging of its batteries using solar power, and hibernating during events such as dust storms to save power. This careful operation allowed Opportunity to exceed its operating plan by 14 years, 46 days (in Earth time), 55 times its designed lifespan. By June 10, 2018, when it last contacted NASA,[10][11] the rover had traveled a distance of 45.16 kilometers (28.06 miles).[7]
An artist's portrayal of Opportunity on the surface of Mars.
Mission type
Mars rover
COSPAR ID
2003-032A
SATCAT no.
JPL's Mars Exploration Rover
Mission duration
Planned: 90 sols (92.5 Earth days)
Final: 5,352 sols (5498 Earth days from landing to mission end; 15 Earth years or 8 Martian years)
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type
Launch mass
Total: 1,063 kg
rover: 185 kg
lander: 348 kg
backshell/parachute: 209 kg
heat shield: 78 kg
Cruise Stage: 193 kg
propellant: 50 kg[1]
Start of mission
July 7, 2003, 03:18 UTC (2003-07-07UTC03:18)[2][1]
Delta II 7925H-9.5[1][3][4]
Launch site
Cape Canaveral SLC-17B
February 13, 2019[5]
June 10, 2018[5]
Landing date
January 25, 2004,[2] 05:05 UTC SCET
MSD 46236 14:35 AMT
1°56′46″S 354°28′24″E / 1.9462°S 354.4734°E / -1.9462; 354.4734 (Opportunity rover)[6]
45.16 km (28.06 mi)[7]
The launch patch for Opportunity, featuring Duck Dodgers (Daffy Duck)
← Sojourner
Curiosity →
Mission highlights included the initial 90-sol mission, finding extramartian meteorites such as Heat Shield Rock (Meridiani Planum meteorite), and over two years of exploring and studying Victoria crater. The rover survived moderate dust storms and in 2011 reached Endeavour crater, which has been described as a "second landing site".[12] The Opportunity mission is considered one of NASA's most successful ventures.[13]
Due to the planetary 2018 dust storm on Mars, Opportunity ceased communications on June 10 and entered hibernation on June 12, 2018. It was hoped it would reboot once the weather cleared,[14] but it did not, suggesting either a catastrophic failure or that a layer of dust had covered its solar panels. NASA hoped to re-establish contact with the rover, citing a windy period that could potentially clean off its solar panels.[15] On February 13, 2019, NASA officials declared that the Opportunity mission was complete, after the spacecraft had failed to respond to over 1,000 signals sent since August 2018.[16]
Mission overviewEdit
See also: Opportunity mission timeline
Opportunity's first self-portrait on Mars
(February 14–20, 2018 / sols 4998−5004)
Collectively, the Opportunity and Spirit rovers were part of the Mars Exploration Rover program in the long-term Mars Exploration Program. The Mars Exploration Program's four principal goals were to determine if the potential for life exists on Mars (in particular, whether recoverable water may be found on Mars), to characterize the Mars climate and its geology, and then to prepare for a potential human mission to Mars. The Mars Exploration Rovers were to travel across the Martian surface and perform periodic geologic analyses to determine if water ever existed on Mars as well as the types of minerals available, as well as to corroborate data taken by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.[17]Spirit and Opportunity were launched a month apart, on June 10 and July 7, 2003, and both reached the Martian surface by January 2004. Both rovers were designed with an expected 90 sols (92 Earth days) lifetime, but each lasted much longer than expected. Spirit's mission lasted 20 times longer than its expected lifetime, and its mission was declared ended on May 25, 2011, after it got stuck in soft sand and expended its power reserves trying to free itself. Opportunity lasted 55 times longer than its 90 sol planned lifetime, operating for 5498 days from landing to mission end. An archive of weekly updates on the rover's status can be found at the Opportunity Update Archive.[18]
Opportunity's landing site (denoted with a star)
From its initial landing, by chance, into an impact crater amidst an otherwise generally flat plain, Opportunity successfully investigated regolith and rock samples and took panoramic photos of its landing site. Its sampling allowed NASA scientists to make hypotheses concerning the presence of hematite and past presence of water on the surface of Mars.[19] Following this, it was directed to travel across the surface of Mars to investigate another crater site, Endurance crater, which it investigated from June to December 2004. Subsequently, Opportunity examined the impact site of its own heat shield and discovered an intact meteorite, now known as Heat Shield Rock, on the surface of Mars.
From late April to early June 2005, Opportunity was perilously lodged in a sand dune, with several wheels buried in the sand. Over a six-week period, Earth-based physical simulations were performed to decide how best to extract the rover from its position without risking its permanent immobilization. Successful maneuvering a few centimeters at a time eventually freed the rover, which resumed its travels.
Opportunity was directed to proceed in a southerly direction to Erebus crater, a large, shallow, partially buried crater and a stopover on the way south towards Victoria crater, between October 2005 and March 2006. It experienced some mechanical problems with its robotic arm.
In late September 2006, Opportunity reached Victoria crater and explored along the rim in a clockwise direction. In June 2007 it returned to Duck Bay, its original arrival point; in September 2007 it entered the crater to begin a detailed study. In August 2008, Opportunity left Victoria crater for Endeavour crater, which it reached on August 9, 2011.[20]
Here at the rim of the Endeavour crater, the rover moved around a geographic feature named Cape York. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter had detected phyllosilicates there, and the rover analyzed the rocks with its instruments to check this sighting on the ground. This structure was analyzed in depth until summer 2013. In May 2013 the rover was heading south to a hill named Solander Point.
Lifetime progress map with Washington, D.C. overlay for size and distance comparison
Opportunity's total odometry by June 10, 2018 (sol 5111), was 45.16 km (28.06 mi), while the dust factor was 10.8.[21] Since January 2013, the solar array dust factor (one of the determinants of solar power production) varied from a relatively dusty 0.467 on December 5, 2013 (sol 3507), to a relatively clean 0.964 on May 13, 2014 (sol 3662).[22]
In December 2014, NASA reported that Opportunity was suffering from "amnesia" events in which the rover failed to write data, e.g. telemetry information, to non-volatile memory. The hardware failure was believed to be due to an age-related fault in one of the rover's seven memory banks. As a result, NASA had aimed to force the rover's software to ignore the failed memory bank;[23] amnesia events continued to occur, however, which eventually resulted in vehicle resets.[clarification needed] In light of this, on Sol 4027 (May 23, 2015), the rover was configured to operate in RAM-only mode, completely avoiding the use of non-volatile memory for storage.[24]
End of missionEdit
Opportunity rover ‒ last image[25] (of 228,771 raw images ‒ June 10, 2018)[26]
In early June 2018, a large planetary-scale dust storm developed, and within a few days the rover's solar panels were not generating enough power to maintain communications, with the last contact on June 10, 2018.[5] NASA stated that they did not expect to resume communication until after the storm subsided,[27] but the rover kept silent even after the storm ended in early October,[27] suggesting either a catastrophic failure or a layer of dust covering its solar panels.[28] The team remained hopeful that a windy period between November 2018 and January 2019 might clear the dust from its solar panels, as had happened before.[28] Wind was detected nearby on January 8, and on January 26 the mission team announced a plan to begin broadcasting a new set of commands to the rover in case its radio receiver failed.[29]
On February 12, 2019,[30] past and present members of the mission team gathered in JPL's Space Flight Operations Facility to watch final commands being transmitted to Opportunity via the 70 meter dish of the Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex in California. Following 25 minutes of transmission of the final 4 sets of commands, communication attempts with the rover were handed off to Canberra, Australia.
More than 835 recovery commands were transmitted since losing signal in June 2018 to the end of January 2019 with over 1000 recovery commands transmitted before February 13, 2019.[16][31][32] NASA officials held a press conference on February 13 to declare an official end to the mission. NASA associate administrator Thomas Zurbuchen said, "It is therefore that I am standing here with a deep sense of appreciation and gratitude that I declare the Opportunity mission is complete."[33] As NASA ended their attempts to contact the rover, the last data sent was the song "I'll Be Seeing You" performed by Billie Holiday.[34]
The final communication from the rover came on June 10, 2018 (sol 5111) from Perseverance Valley,[16] and indicated a solar array energy production of 22 Wh for the sol, and the highest atmospheric opacity (tau) ever measured on Mars: 10.8.[35][36]
Mars dust storm – optical depth tau – May to September 2018
(Mars Climate Sounder; Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter)
(1:38; animation; October 30, 2018; file description
Opportunity solar array energy production per sol (2018 dust storm)
Watt-hours[27]
Sol 5079 (May 8, 2018)
Sol 5100 (May 29, 2018)
Sol 5105 (June 3, 2018)
Sol 5111 (June 10, 2018)
ObjectivesEdit
HiRise image from MRO, was laid over 3-D topographic map of the terrain, with 5-fold vertical exaggeration; view looking west on to Perseverance Valley on the western rim of Endeavour crater (February 15, 2018)[37]
The scientific objectives of the Mars Exploration Rover mission were to:[38]
Search for and characterize a variety of rocks and regolith that hold clues to past water activity. In particular, samples sought include those that have minerals deposited by water-related processes such as precipitation, evaporation, sedimentary cementation or hydrothermal activity.
Determine the distribution and composition of minerals, rocks, and regolith surrounding the landing sites.
Search for iron-containing minerals, identify and quantify relative amounts of specific mineral types that contain water or were formed in water, such as iron-bearing carbonates.
Characterize the mineralogy and textures of rocks and regolith and determine the processes that created them.
During the next two decades, NASA will continue to conduct missions with other spacecraft to address whether life ever arose on Mars. The search begins with determining whether the Martian environment was ever suitable for life. Life, as we understand it, requires water, so the history of water on Mars is critical to finding out if the Martian environment was ever conducive to life. Although the Mars Exploration Rovers did not have the ability to detect life directly, they offered very important information on the habitability of the environment in the planet's history.
Design and constructionEdit
Main article: Mars Exploration Rover
Mars Opportunity Rover - Before And After Processing Image (posted June 4, 2019)
Spirit and Opportunity are twin rovers, each a six-wheeled, solar-powered robot standing 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) high, 2.3 meters (7.5 ft) wide, and 1.6 meters (5.2 ft) long and weighing 180 kilograms (400 lb). Six wheels on a rocker-bogie system enable mobility. Each wheel has its own motor, the vehicle is steered at front and rear and was designed to operate safely at tilts of up to 30 degrees. Maximum speed is 5 centimeters per second (2.0 in/s) although average speed was about a fifth of this (0.89 centimeters per second (0.35 in/s)). Both Spirit and Opportunity have pieces of the fallen World Trade Center's metal on them that were "turned into shields to protect cables on the drilling mechanisms".[39][40]
Solar arrays generate about 140 watts for up to fourteen hours per sol, while rechargeable lithium ion batteries stored energy for use at night. Opportunity's onboard computer uses a 20 MHz RAD6000 CPU with 128 MB of DRAM, 3 MB of EEPROM, and 256 MB of flash memory. The rover's operating temperature ranges from −40 to +40 °C (−40 to 104 °F) and radioisotope heaters provide a base level of heating, assisted by electrical heaters when necessary.[41] A gold film and a layer of silica aerogel provides insulation.
Communications depend on an omnidirectional low-gain antenna communicating at a low data rate and a steerable high-gain antenna, both in direct contact with Earth. A low gain antenna is also used to relay data to spacecraft orbiting Mars.
Fixed science/engineering instruments included:
Panoramic Camera (Pancam) – examines the texture, color, mineralogy, and structure of the local terrain.
Navigation Camera (Navcam) – monochrome with a higher field of view but lower resolution, for navigation and driving.
Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) – identifies promising rocks and regolith for closer examination, and determines the processes that formed them.
Hazcams, two B&W cameras with 120 degree field of view, that provide additional data about the rover's surroundings.
The rover arm holds the following instruments:
Mössbauer spectrometer (MB) MIMOS II – used for close-up investigations of the mineralogy of iron-bearing rocks and regolith.
Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) – close-up analysis of the abundances of elements that make up rocks and regolith.
Magnets – for collecting magnetic dust particles
Microscopic Imager (MI) – obtains close-up, high-resolution images of rocks and regolith.
Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) – exposes fresh material for examination by instruments on board.
The cameras produce 1024-pixel by 1024-pixel images, the data is compressed with ICER, stored, and transmitted later.
The rover's name was chosen through a NASA sponsored student essay competition.
Opportunity was 'driven' by several operators throughout its mission, including JPL roboticist Vandi Verma who also cowrote the PLEXIL command language used in its software.[42]
PowerEdit
Main article: Mars Exploration Rover § Power and electronic systems
MER-B NavCam image Sol 4959[43] Start of January 2018, looking along rim of Endeavour crater
The rover uses a combination of solar cells and a rechargeable chemical battery.[44] This class of rover has two rechargeable lithium batteries, each composed of 8 cells with 8 amp-hour capacity.[45] At the start of the mission the solar panels could provide up to around 900 watt-hours (Wh) to recharge the battery and power system in one Sol, but this could vary due to a variety of factors.[44] In Eagle crater the cells were producing about 840 Wh, but by Sol 319 in December 2004, it had dropped to 730 Wh.[46]
Like Earth, Mars has seasonal variations that reduce sunlight during winter. However, since the Martian year is longer than that of the Earth, the seasons fully rotate roughly once every 2 Earth years.[47] By 2016, MER-B had endured seven Martian winters, during which times power levels drop which can mean the rover avoids doing activities that use a lot of power.[47] During its first winter power levels dropped to under 300 Wh per day for two months, but some later winters were not as bad.[47]
Another factor that can reduce received power is dust in the atmosphere, especially dust storms.[48] Dust storms have occurred quite frequently when Mars is closest to the Sun.[48] Global dust storms in 2007 reduced power levels for Opportunity and Spirit so much they could only run for a few minutes each day.[48] Due to the 2018 dust storms on Mars, Opportunity entered hibernation mode on June 12,[49][50] but it remained silent after the storm subsided in early October.[27]
ExamplesEdit
Examples of watt-hours per sol collected by the rover:[51]
Solar array energy production throughout mission graphs
Opportunity solar array energy production (2013–2014)
Watt-hours
Sol 3376 (July 23, 2013)
Sol 3390 (August 6, 2013)
Sol 3430 (September 16, 2013)
Sol 3452 (October 9, 2013)
Sol 3472 (October 30, 2013)
Sol 3478 (November 5, 2013)
Sol 3494 (November 21, 2013)
Sol 3507 (December 5, 2013)
Sol 3534 (January 1, 2014)
Sol 3602 (March 12, 2014)
Sol 3621 (April 1, 2014)
Sol 3710 (July 1, 2014)
Sol 3771 (September 2, 2014)
Sol 3921 (February 3, 2015)
Sol 3948 (March 3, 2015)
Sol 4119 (August 25, 2015)
Sol 4377 (May. 16, 2016)
Opportunity solar array energy production (2017-2018)
Sol 4718 (May. 2, 2017)
Sol 4934 (December 10, 2017)
Sol 4970 (January 16, 2018)
Sol 5052 (April 10, 2018)
LaunchEdit
Delta II Heavy (7925H-9.5) lifting off from pad 17-B carrying MER-B in 2003 with Opportunity rover
Opportunity's launch was managed by NASA's Launch Services Program. This was the first launch of the Delta II Heavy. The launch period went from June 25 to July 15, 2003. The first launch attempt occurred on June 28, 2003, but the spacecraft launched nine days later on July 7, 2003, due to delays for range safety and winds, then later to replace items on the rocket (insulation and a battery). Each day had two instantaneous launch opportunities. On the day of launch, the launch was delayed to the second opportunity (11:18 p.m. EDT) in order to fix a valve.[52]
Animation of Opportunity trajectory from 2003-Jul-09 to 2004-Jan-25
Sun · Earth · Mars · Opportunity
LandingEdit
Annotated elevation map of Opportunity landing site and some surrounding craters including Endeavour and Airy
Mars Global Surveyor orbiter's photograph of landing site showing "hole in one." (See also: simulation of Opportunity's trajectory on arrival at Mars in January 2004).
On January 25, 2004, the airbag-protected landing craft settled onto the surface of Mars in the Eagle crater.
Heat shield impact siteEdit
In late December 2004, Opportunity reached the impact site of its heat shield, and took a panorama around Sol 325.[53]
Area around the heat shield, including the resulting shield impact point. The heat shield was released before the rover landed and struck the surface on its own, and the rover later drove to the impact site. Near this location it discovered the first meteorite found on Mars, Heat Shield Rock
Scientific findingsEdit
Main article: Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission
Heat Shield Rock turned out to be the first meteorite discovered on Mars
Opportunity has provided substantial evidence in support of the mission's primary scientific goals: to search for and characterize a wide range of rocks and regolith that hold clues to past water activity on Mars. In addition to investigating the water, Opportunity has also obtained astronomical observations and atmospheric data.
HonorsEdit
Honoring Opportunity's great contribution to the exploration of Mars, an asteroid was named Opportunity: 39382 Opportunity.[54] The name was proposed by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld who, along with Cornelis Johannes van Houten and Tom Gehrels, discovered the asteroid on September 24, 1960. Opportunity's lander is Challenger Memorial Station.[55]
On July 28, 2014, it was announced that Opportunity, having traversed over 40 km (25 mi), had become the rover achieving the longest off-world distance, surpassing the previous record of 39 km (24 mi) on the Moon by Lunokhod 2.[56][57]
On March 24, 2015, NASA celebrated Opportunity having traveled the distance of a marathon race, 42.195 kilometers (26.219 mi), from the start of Opportunity's landing and traveling on Mars.[58]
SuperlativesEdit
Steepest slope
In March 2016, while trying to reach target on the slope of Marathon Valley in Cape Tribulation, the Mars rover attained a slope of 32 degrees, the highest angle yet for the rover since its mission began. This was so steep that dust that had accumulated on its top panels began to flow downward.[59]
Opportunity's view from the top of Cape Tribulation on the rim of Endeavour Crater, January 22, 2015.
On Sol 3894 (January 6, 2015), Opportunity reached the summit of "Cape Tribulation," which is 443 feet (135 m) above "Botany Bay" level and the highest point yet reached by the rover on western rim of Endeavour Crater according to NASA.[27]
Opportunity rover "off-world" driving distance record, compared to other rovers[56][57]
ImagesEdit
The rover could take pictures with its different cameras, but only the PanCam camera had the ability to photograph a scene with different color filters. The panorama views are usually built up from PanCam images. By February 3, 2018, Opportunity had returned 224,642 pictures.[60][61]
ViewsEdit
Opportunity images the empty lander, the Challenger Memorial Station
Pancam view from August 2012 (Sol 3058)
Solander Point is visible on the horizon; foreground shows Botany Bay[62]
Opportunity in Endurance crater (simulated view based on actual imagery)
BackTrack view (August 2010)
PanoramasEdit
A selection of panoramas from the mission:
Panorama of Fram crater (Sol 88, April 23, 2004)
Panorama of Naturaliste crater, in foreground (March 1, 2005)
Panorama taken on the rim of Erebus crater. The rover's solar panels are seen on the lower half (December 5, 2005).
Panorama of the rim of Endeavour crater from Cape Tribulation (January 22, 2015)
Panorama of Spirit of St. Louis crater, a shallow crater about 34 meters (110 ft) long and 24 meters (80 ft) across. In its center is Lindbergh Mound, about 2 to 3 meters (6 to 10 ft) high. (annotated; false color; May 2015).[63]
Panorama of Orion crater (enhanced color; April 26, 2017)[64]
Opportunity looks north as it departs Cape Tribulation, its southern end shown here (April 2017)[65]
Panorama above Perseverance Valley (June 19, 2017)
Final panorama image taken by Opportunity between May and June 2018 prior to being disabled by the dust storms.
Panorama of the Opportunity rover team by "Dusty" – a testing replica of the rover on Earth (September 6, 2018).
Microscopic imagesEdit
"Blueberries" (hematite spheres) on a rocky outcrop at Eagle Crater. Note the merged triplet in the upper left.[19]
"Blueberries": This view displays an area about 6 centimeters across. It was taken at an outcrop named "Kirkwood" at the Cape York on the rim of Endeavour crater on Mars. The spheres seen here are about 3 millimeters in diameter. The Microscopic Imager took this image at 3064 sol.
"Jornada del Muerto" - rock found in Perserverance Valley
(posted June 4, 2019)
From orbitEdit
Opportunity landing site, lander, as imaged by MRO
(November 29, 2006)
Opportunity landing site, parachute and backshell, as imaged by MRO (November 29, 2006)
Opportunity landing site, heat shield, as imaged by MRO
Opportunity (circled) as seen by HiRISE on January 29, 2009. Endeavour Crater is 17 km (11 mi) away.
Area mapsEdit
Opportunity landing ellipse in Meridiani Planum, near Endeavour crater
This geological map created from MRO's CRISM instrument data from orbit gives an overview of some of the geology in the area MER-B is exploring
This map, color-coded for minerals (CRISM) and annotated, shows the rover's traverse up to about 2010 with some nearby features noted.
Traverse mapsEdit
An example of a rover traverse map featuring a line showing path of the rover, and mission sols, which are Mars days counted from its landing and typical of Mars surface mission time reporting. Topographic lines and various feature names are also common
Opportunity arrives at Endeavour crater
Opportunity traverse map, from Sol 405 to 528 (2005)
Opportunity traverse map, from sol 1 (2004) through sol 2055 (2009)
Annotated Opportunity traverse map as of December 8, 2010 (Sol 2442)
Annotated Opportunity traverse map as of June 11, 2014 (Sol 3689)
Opportunity's traverse on Cape York from Sol 2678 to Sol 3317 with some additional annotations of the main features.
Traverse map up to 4836 (September 12, 2017)[66]
With word on February 12, 2019, that NASA was likely to conclude the Opportunity mission, many media outsides and commentators issued statements praising the mission's success and stating their goodbyes to the rover. One journalist, Jacob Margolis, tweeted his translation of the last data transmission sent by Opportunity on June 10, 2018, as "My battery is low and it's getting dark". The phrase struck a chord with the public mind and became widely reported, including some news reports that mistakenly asserted that the rover sent that English message, inundating NASA with additional questions. Margolis wrote a clarifying article on February 16, making it clear he had taken statements from NASA officials who were interpreting the data sent by Opportunity, both on the state of its low power and Mars's high atmospheric opacity, and rephrased them in a poetic manner, never to imply the rover had sent the specific words.[67][68]
Opportunity rover – last panorama image – taken Spring 2018 (uploaded March 12, 2019)
Spaceflight portal
Autonomous robot
InSight, launched in 2018
List of rocks on Mars
Rosalind Franklin rover, launch planned for 2020
Sojourner, the first rover on Mars
Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission
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^ Webster, Guy; Cantillo, Laurie; Brown, Dwayne (June 16, 2017). "Martian Crater Provides Reminder of Apollo Moonwalk". NASA. Archived from the original on June 17, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
^ "Catalog Page for PIA21497". photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
^ "Mars Exploration Rover". mars.nasa.gov.
^ Margolis, Jacob (February 16, 2019). "How A Tweet About The Mars Rover Dying Blew Up On The Internet And Made People Cry". LAist. Archived from the original on February 17, 2019. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
^ Georgiou, Aristos (February 18, 2019). "No, the Last Words of NASA's Opportunity Rover Weren't 'My Battery Is Low and It's Getting Dark'". Newsweek. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
NASA linksEdit
NASA/JPL Mission page
Sunrise on Mars – video (02:10) (NASA; November 7, 2018)
End of Opportunity Mission (February 13, 2019; videos) ‒ (3:52) overview ‒ (59:47) final panel
MSSS and WUSTL linksEdit
Finding Opportunity: high-resolution images of landing site (Mars Global Surveyor – Mars Orbiter Camera)
MER Analyst's Notebook, Interactive access to mission data and documentation
Other linksEdit
Full-page, high-res spherical panorama of Opportunity in Erebus Crater, nasatech.net, November 23 to December 5, 2005 (long download, uses Java)
Full-page, high-res spherical panorama of Opportunity in Victoria Crater, nasatech.net, October 23 to December 11, 2007 (long download, uses Java)
Mars Exploration Rover Manual (Unofficial)
High resolution video by Seán Doran of sol 4626 flyby of Opportunity
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opportunity_(rover)&oldid=905541659"


text:
Q: Specify privacy when POSTing to Facebook Graph API I want to automatically post Notes on Facebook and have them be targeted to just a single member of a group.  By target I mean only a specific Facebook user should be able to read the note.
Is there a way to do this with the graph API?  I see in the old REST API there is a "privacy" parameter on the steam.publish method (see http://developers.facebook.com/docs/reference/rest/stream.publish).  Is there an equivalent in the graph API?

A: Here's the answer.
Just include "privacy" in the Bundle in JSONObject format, including value "SELF", "ALL_FRIENDS" OR "EVERYONE".
This is using android SDK 2.0, and 3.0 is now avaliable, But the way to use graph api is the same, left comment if you reach any problem:).
public String PostWall(String Message,int Level){
    /***********************************************************
        * level 0 ==>only me
        * level 1==>friend only
        * level 2==>public
        * level >2 ==>error
    ***********************************************************/
    Bundle params = new Bundle();
    params.putString("message", Message);
    JSONObject privacy = new JSONObject();
    try {
        switch (Level){
            case 0:
                privacy.put("value", "SELF");
                break;
            case 1:
                privacy.put("value", "ALL_FRIENDS");
                break;
            case 2:
                privacy.put("value", "EVERYONE");
                break;
        }
    } catch (JSONException e1) {
    }
    params.putString("privacy", privacy.toString());
    //Step 2 Request
    String resp= "";
    try {
        resp = fb.request("me/feed", params, "POST");
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
    } catch (IOException e) {
    }
    try{
        resp = new JSONObject(resp).getString("id");
        if(enableLog){
            Log.d(LOGTAG,"*****POSTWALL END*****");
            Log.d(LOGTAG,"RETURN "+resp);
        }
        return resp;
    }catch(JSONException e1){
    }
}
};

A: You can use SELF
php facebook api example:
$privacy = array(
        'value' => 'SELF' //private
    );

$publish = $facebook->post('/me/videos',
        array('access_token' => $page_token,
        'title'=> $title,
        'privacy'=> $privacy,
        'source' => $facebook->videoToUpload($fn),
        'description' => $desc
        ));

object containing the value field and optional friends, networks,
  allow and deny fields.
The value field may specify one of the following strings: EVERYONE,
  ALL_FRIENDS, NETWORKS_FRIENDS, FRIENDS_OF_FRIENDS, CUSTOM .
The friends field must be specified if value is set to CUSTOM and
  contain one of the following strings: EVERYONE, NETWORKS_FRIENDS (when
  the object can be seen by networks and friends), FRIENDS_OF_FRIENDS,
  ALL_FRIENDS, SOME_FRIENDS, SELF, or NO_FRIENDS (when the object can be
  seen by a network only).
The networks field may contain a comma-separated list of network IDs
  that can see the object, or 1 for all of a user's network.
The allow field must be specified when the friends value is set to
  SOME_FRIENDS and must specify a comma-separated list of user IDs and
  friend list IDs that 'can' see the post.
The deny field may be specified if the friends field is set to
  SOME_FRIENDS and must specify a comma-separated list of user IDs and
  friend list IDs that 'cannot' see the post.

Search for privacy on the following link to see all options:
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/graph-api/reference/v2.6/post

A: Yes, there is:
http://developers.facebook.com/docs/reference/api/post
There's a field called privacy which you can modify.
Hope that helps,
-Roozbeh

A: http://developers.facebook.com/docs/reference/api/post
does not tell how to specify privacy
in correct way
for varied option CUSTOM, FRIENDS, NETWORK_FRIENDS

A: If you are posting notes from an app, you can set default activity privacy as shown here:

It could be set when you are authenticating your own application, or in: account settings - > applications.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In the mid-teens of the 21st century exclusively for the American consumers the Canadian branch of the corporation Honda introduced an aggressive and powerful all-wheel drive double cab, called Honda Ridgeline.
This five-seater vans, the body is completely devoid of rounded and smooth lines, a hood, a minimum width of 200 cm and a roomy fit fans of heavy machinery. The weight of this giant - 2000 kg. Despite the apparent slowness at first glance, the car is flying like a bird picking up speed of one hundred kilometers per hour in less than 9 seconds. Sitting in the spacious cabin you will not feel any pits or bumps on the road, thanks to a flexible and dense suspension of this Honda Ridgeline.


text:
Q: Not able to post data on aws http api? In my lambda function when i return this
def lambda_handler(event, context):
    return json.dumps("{'result':'abcde'}")

it is returning the expected result, but when i return this
def lambda_handler(event, context):
    return event["payloadData"]

It gave "message": "Internal Server Error"
I am posting data using postman
curl --location --request POST 'https://sampleurl.execute-api.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sms' \
--form 'payloadData="9876543210"'

my cors header from aws
Access-Control-Allow-Origin
*

Access-Control-Allow-Headers
*

Access-Control-Allow-Methods
POST

OPTIONS
*

cloudwatch log
{
    "requestId": "Be7tojFFPHcEMQg=",
    "ip": "157.39.109.241",
    "requestTime": "25/Jun/2021:13:26:34 +0000",
    "httpMethod": "POST",
    "routeKey": "POST /sms",
    "status": "500",
    "protocol": "HTTP/1.1",
    "responseLength": "35"
}

A: I was getting the post data but it was not in event["payloadData"].
It was inside event["body"] which is base64 encoded.
So i use this to get the posted data
base64.b64decode(str(event["body"])).decode('utf-8')


The main objectives of Fondazione Piero Portaluppi are to retrieve and preserve all the architect's artistic works as well as to organize cultural events in order to stimulate debate in the fields of architecture, art and culture, with particular focus on young people.
The donations of private individuals and sponsorships are essential for the preservation of the artistic and cultural heritage of the Foundation and to carry out artistic, cultural and educational projects.
The contributions will be allocated to the different activities and projects of the Foundation.
Public and private companies can support one or more projects that are developed by the Foundation.


text:
.class public final Lo/ᒷ;
.super Ljava/lang/Object;

# annotations
.annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Signature;
    value = {
        "<R::Lo/\u152b;>Ljava/lang/Object;"
    }
.end annotation

# instance fields
.field protected final ˊ:I

# direct methods
.method constructor <init>(I)V
    .locals 0

    invoke-direct {p0}, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V

    iput p1, p0, Lo/ᒷ;->ˊ:I

    return-void
.end method

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Woodley car fire: police appeal to man walking in Colemansmoor Road
The police are looking to speak with a man seen near to where a suspected arson took place they think he could have information which could help their investigation
Mary Naylor
Police are appealing for a witness
Police are looking to speak with a man who was seen walking near to where a Mercedes caught fire in the early hours in Woodley.
Fire crews attended the blaze, at a house in Colemansmoor Road, on Saturday, February 13 at around 3.50am.
No one was injured in the blaze but the white Mercedes C250 suffered extensive damage.
Investigating Officer, Detective Sargent Will Crowther based at Reading police station, said: "We are particularly looking to speak to a man who was walking along Colemansmoor Road towards Colemansmoor Lane, Woodley at around 3.25am yesterday, February 13, who may have been wearing a three-quarter length dark coat and dark trousers.
"We would like this man to come forward as we believe he might be a witness and might have information that could help our investigation.
"If you have any information about the incident please call the 24-hour Thames Valley Police enquiry centre on 101 quoting reference 213 13/02."
Alternatively, Crimestoppers can be called anonymously on 0800 555 111.


Time is of the essence in the construction industry. When contracts are on the line, you can't afford to waste time with unreliable networks, incompatible software and employee communication breakdowns. That's where eSudo comes in.
In short, we'll work to eliminate the downtime that costs you time and money. eSudo provides affordable, efficient solutions to meet your technology needs.
Contact Us for a free technology assessment, or to discuss how we can make technology work for your San Jose business or call us at 408-216-5800 for immediate computer repair.


As it is with most industries and professions, technology is bringing changes to accounting and finance careers.
Within the audit practice area, for example, drones are being used to conduct inventory on large client properties, she said. While today's college graduates may not need to learn to operate a drone, they may want to consider becoming proficient in technologies that will help them get ahead as they enter the workforce.
SQLcourse.com describes SQL as the standard language for relational database management systems—a language used to communicate with a database.
Python is a programming language that can be used by those who may want to develop data, rather than just analyze them, said Brannock, who is currently taking free classes in Python from Codecademy.
For example, a large firm she previously worked for is using Python to develop artificial intelligence that reads leases, contracts, and legal documents. Brannock said the user inputs certain parameters, such as the name of a customer and dates of correspondence, and the system automatically scans all documents in the online database for those keywords. Anything meeting the parameters is placed on hold for a human user to review and confirm whether it meets expectations. Creating a program to read documents removes hours of administrative work for auditors, paralegals, and administrative assistants, all of whom would have otherwise been tasked with this work, Brannock said.
Tools such as Tableau, QlikView, and Spotfire can be used for creating and sharing data insights as a way to visualize results.
Without a doubt, college students need to graduate with an understanding of the basics, including Excel and PowerPoint, said Aaron Saito, CPA, M&A controller at Intel Corp. He said data still often come in the form of an Excel file, while presentations are regularly made in PowerPoint.
Understanding communication and chat tools is becoming increasingly valuable as well, Saito said. Slack and Skype allow quick access to co-workers, who may be down the hall, working from home, or traveling. He often lets his team work from home, knowing they can quickly and easily communicate using these tools.
Some of the standard technologies, such as PowerPoint and Excel, are integrated into university courses, while more complex software programs, such as Python, are sometimes offered as electives. If the desired courses aren't offered at their university, students can consider seeking out online courses or internships to learn more. Brannock said she's currently teaching herself the web programming language HTML through StackSkills, which charges for classes. For students on a budget, free learning opportunities, such as Khan Academy, are available.


text:
Início A Fundação Contactos Mapa do Site
Marco Histórico §
Guia de Sânscrito
NEW: English Texts
Sistemas Religiosos e Filosóficos
Sagrados
Vários temas
Dificuldades na leitura? Experimente a versão não acentuada.
de Maria
em 05 Fev 2009
When the conditions of a civilization or a country, through the natural resources and at a low cost, offer the adequate means for the people to live in a harmonious way, not obliging big efforts for survival, it can stimulate the intellectual development. Conversely, it favors the philosophical speculation which results in the creativity of thinking, of art, science, religion and spirituality.
If, in fact, the conditions of life are stable, this will allow certain beings more spiritually and mentally evolved in developing a more creative work, which can be manifested in various ways, whether in the religious ambit as a reformer or innovator of some movement, or in art by representation, through painting or architecture and everything that can embrace horizons which extrapolate the simple materialism and propel the higher elevation of thinking.
Sometimes, a community (group) comes with a purpose designed to receive someone special in its core, protecting him, frequently unconsciously (it is part of a social collective karma) in order for him to develop his mission, through which he will lead the society to a greater mental and spiritual evolution. This isn't properly the case of Avatars or Messiahs, but of beings who although carrying an advanced spiritual evolution, remain identified with the community or social nucleus itself, since that is the actual community which is giving them that possibility, providing benefit to the community in a long term, as well as to the country itself. This is the way a civilization evolves; not only greater material wealth (when wisely used) allows a calmer survival, but also and for this same reason, the creative thinking develops more, thus evolving the culture of a nation.
Nowadays, our civilization lives under a certain ambiguity of values, for if on the one hand it looks like we're on a line of evolution, unique in its technological advances (e.g. telecommunications) and of scientific discoveries, mainly in the field of astronomy and medicine, on the other hand we see a human decadence engulfed by violence, crimes, terrorism, drugs and alcohol, all this exhausting humanity, where everybody suffers the consequences. If it's not by violent crime, it's by corruption, fiscal fraud, manipulation and so many other degrading factors leading us to live the chaos, confirming in fact that we are living the Kali-yuga or the darkening era.
Notwithstanding having a vanguard of more spiritually evolved beings, another part of humanity walks into decadence, losing the leading spiritual link which may awaken itself from mental lethargy, since already sleeping and without being conscious of the superior connection, lives in a great confusion of values. Those who indulge themselves thinking that this era of technology and science will ensure the required evolution for humanity, without being completed in moral and spiritual values, they are mistaken. One may comprehend why Avatars have, from time to time, to "descend" on Earth, in order to restore the values corrupted in humanity throughout ages and ages. Naturally They come by necessity…
It is well known in the world the phrase of the "scientists" (mentioned in the chronicle "Babilónia" Outubro/2008) one of them respectively Richard Dawkins (also in the chronicle "Vida Original" May/2008) an atheist, saying 'God doesn't exist', adding the "probably" not to shock the faithful creed so much: obviously, for them it doesn't really exist. But such propaganda is understandable in the world, coming from the Darwinists (evolutionists) who are the ones who believe to be descendants of the monkeys, after their own convictions, thus referring to themselves as the "sons of the monkeys". If that is so, it is "probably" because they haven't attained yet the true and conscious connection with the divine or lighted the "divine spark".
In fact, there is no need to be afraid of such sentence, since the conviction in something superior to us or a superior Intelligence which we call divine, is within each one of us and only each individual can recognise it, not occurring then the risk of being contaminated by doubt or even denial: it comes from an interior sureness. (... continua)
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Are you looking for a fresh, fun home decoration? Are you looking for an all-natural air freshener that is inexpensive to make but still smells wonderful? Or maybe you're looking for something unique to gift to your bridesmaids or pass out to your guests as a favor at your wedding?
If so, then pomander balls may be your answer.
French for pomme d'ambre, or apple of amber, a pomander ball is a "ball" made of perfumes. We see them in and around houses creating beautiful aromas.
Most popular and easiest to make at home, an orange stuck with cloves in fun designs is the perfect example of a contemporary pomander ball.
Pomander balls have been around for hundreds of years if not longer and are a Christmas tradition in many houses. Yet, they do not have to be just for Christmas.
Used throughout the middle ages, pomander balls were first worn to ward off infection, bad smells or carried as religious keepsakes; as the earliest form of aromatherapy.
It's since evolved into something much more festive. At weddings, birthdays and anywhere else you would give a gift, they've become a real bonus to the celebration.
Luckily, pomander balls are very easy to make and there is little mess. Before you know it, you will have many delightfully-scented pomander balls to use in closets as sachets, or to give as gifts or favors.
Fortunately for us, they truly make excellent wedding favors. Simply insert flowers of the bridal colors into the holes in the orange (or fruit of your choice) in lieu of cloves. This is a fun, funky way to celebrate the soon to be married couple.
Your child's teacher, your co-workers, your hairdresser and your friends would all appreciate pomander balls because they smell delightful and look beautiful. When you're stumped on what to give as a quick thank you or even a "get well soon," pomander balls make your job easy!
They make excellent sachets, as well as often being hung on the mantle or from the branches of your Christmas trees. They are decorative enough to really make a statement, and they do not need maintenance of any kind. Simply set them in a bowl or hang them on a tree and your home will smell like the winter holidays all year round.
It is also a good idea to have some napkins on hand for the orange juice that will spurt out and some ribbon to hang the finished pomander balls. Crosstie the ribbon around the orange, making a nice bow at the top. Poke holes in your orange, spaced fairly far apart, with the piercing tool. Insert whole cloves into each hole.
They do not need to be close together as the orange will shrink as it dries. Set the orange somewhere safe and watch as it dries over the next week, creating a delicious smelling air freshener. As a bonus, pomander balls can be made with other types of spices as well as herbs or flowers and other fruit, as long as it can be easily pierced.
Dried pomander balls can be kept for years to come so storing them isn't a hardship at all and there are no real rules to follow. As long as they're dried, you can find a spot for them in and around the house.
And since they are compact, you can stash them almost anywhere from closets to countertops to inside your dresser drawer and enjoy the aroma for quite a while.


text:
Karl Norén, född den 10 augusti 1873 i Söderala församling, Gävleborgs län, död den 18 februari 1947 i Stockholm, var en svensk militär.

Norén blev underlöjtnant vid flottan 1895, löjtnant där 1900 och kapten där 1904. Han tjänstgjorde i marinförvaltningen från 1911. Norén befordrades till kommendörkapten av andra graden 1917, av första graden 1925. Efter att ha varit chef för Göteborgs örlogsdepå var han kommendant i Älvsborgs fästning 1925–1927. Senare övergick Norén till reserven. Han blev riddare av Svärdsorden 1916.

Karl Norén var son till grosshandlare Leopold Norén och Helga Iggbom. Han var bror till Helge och Wilhelm Norén samt till Emil Fevrells hustru.

Källor

 Sveriges dödbok 1860–2017

Svenska sjöofficerare
Riddare av Svärdsorden
Svenska militärer under 1900-talet
Personer från Söderala socken
Födda 1873
Avlidna 1947
Män

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
I Don't Want to Go to Work Episode 7
Category: I Don't Want to Go to Work
Dear Dramacool users, you're watching I Don't Want to Go to Work Episode 7 Raw. We're still working on the english subs. Be patient please:)
**Dramacool updates hourly and will always be the first drama site to release the latest episodes of I Don't Want to Go to Work. Don't want to miss your favourite drama episode? Follow us on Facebook for the latest updates!
I Don't Want to Go to Work full episodes


text:
3 ways the pandemic is changing colleges' mandate right now
by Emma March 15, 2021
The ideas making the rounds last week at the virtual SXSW EDU conference — usually hosted in Austin, Texas — weren't anything new. Higher education experts and college officials spoke of the need for digital equity, unbundled degrees, and better alignment between credentials and the skills employers are seeking.
A year into the coronavirus pandemic, however, these ideas have taken on more urgency. Without accessible and flexible credentials, experts suggested, the country will struggle to meet workforce needs during the economic recovery and well into the future.
"We're at the end of the beginning," said Mark Milliron, senior vice president and executive dean at Western Governors University's Teachers College, during a panel. "We can see now what a path forward is going to look like, but there is work between now and then."
Serving today's students
The pandemic has underscored the need to dispel notions that most of today's college students are fresh out of high school and living on campus. One-quarter of undergraduates are also parents, and an equal portion of those attending four-year colleges are going part-time. Large shares of both full-time and part-time college students also hold down a job.
"They (students) are certainly not who you see in movies," said Julie Peller, executive director of Higher Learning Advocates, a nonprofit aiming to improve student outcomes, during a panel. "They're not, by and large, playing Frisbee on the quad, going to frat parties on Friday nights, and leaving in four years."
Many nontraditional students require assistance with childcare, transportation, and food and shelter to be academically successful, Peller continued. The three major federal coronavirus relief packages require colleges spend a portion of their funding on emergency student aid.
But policymakers should also focus on better connecting short-term training with degrees, a marriage Peller said allows students to "get back to work tomorrow and start a career further down the road."
Eastern Michigan University has taken steps to bridge that divide by building off the state's recently launched free community college program for frontline workers. It offers participants scholarships to complete a bachelor's degree if they earn an associate degree at nearby Henry Ford College.
Anticipating the future of work
Colleges will need to find ways to serve the scores of workers thrust out of jobs by the pandemic. Yet economists have warned that millions of jobs aren't likely to return once the health crisis subsides. They are urging lawmakers to invest in retraining programs.
Meanwhile, colleges will be tasked with finding short-term programs that help workers land employment quickly and teach skills applicable to many jobs, said Mary Hawkins, president of Bellevue University, in Nebraska, during a panel. "I don't think any of us have a crystal ball around what jobs are coming back," she added.
Colleges can also do more to understand employers' needs. Paul Quinn College, an HBCU in Texas, requires full-time residential students to work between 10 and 20 hours a week.
This requirement enables the school to get employers' real-time feedback on students' performance, said Michael Sorrell, the institution's president, during a panel. "You cannot romanticize what you are accomplishing when each semester we sit down to evaluate the grades that the employers give students," Sorrell said, adding that the process allows the college to make curricular changes rapidly.
Tapping into corporate education is another way for colleges to meet employer needs. Paul Quinn also recently partnered with Guild Education, a tuition benefits platform for large companies, to offer its programs to working learners.
Corporate education appears to be gaining steam. 2U, a company that helps colleges launch and run online programs, also recently joined forces with Guild to allow employers to connect workers with online degree programs from some of its partner universities. Another online program manager, Noodle, teamed up with Strategic Education, the parent company of two for-profit colleges, to create a tuition benefits platform. And Arizona State University helped launch a similar venture in 2019.
Continuing to lead through the pandemic
Although the total number of coronavirus cases in the U.S. is much lower than earlier this winter, the pandemic is not over. College leaders will need to continue to shepherd their students through the health crisis and its aftermath.
Bennett College, an all-women HBCU in North Carolina, will survey students and employees to learn how many are hesitant to get the vaccine. It is also planning to educate them about the shots.
"(We're) trying to bring that information forward to the community in a way that is, quite frankly, not another roundtable with experts," Bennett President Suzanne Walsh said during a panel. "They appreciate the expertise, but they don't want to watch an hour of that." Instead, the college is exploring making the information more accessible, such as by using peer educators.
Some colleges are also focused on reversing recent enrollment declines. According to the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center, nationwide, about 500,000 fewer students enrolled in college this fall than the year prior.
During a panel, Texas' El Paso Community College saw a 10% dip in students this fall, William Serrata, its president, said. Overall, the state had substantial declines among first-time students, he said. "That's a real concern, that we have lost the class of 2020," Serrata said.
Officials are hoping a mixture of more in-person classes and financial aid will help get students to return to campus. "We're moving forward with different initiatives … to try and get them back for the spring and continue moving forward," Serrata said.
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text:
Nick Shaxson ■ How Europe's Investment Bank flouts its own tax haven policies
How Europe's Investment Bank flouts its own tax haven policies
ifjp
Qalaa chair and CEO Ahmed Heikal with former EU President José Manuel Barroso, March 2013
The European Commission has launched a series of investigations into the tax structures of companies like Google, Apple and Amazon, for fear that they are siphoning off tax revenue from Europe.
Far less attention has been paid to the role of institutions like the EU-backed European Investment Bank (EIB) in financing this offshore trade, particularly when it comes to developing countries.
Could this change? The Tax Justice Network's Illicit Finance Journalism Programme has discovered that hundreds of millions of euros have flowed to companies linked to the secretive British Virgin Islands (BVI) though an Egyptian private equity fund, Qalaa Holdings.
The full investigation was published in a number of European and African publications, and it reveals some worrying loopholes in the EIB's policy on offshore finance.
According to the EIB, the bank was able to knowingly send hundreds of millions of tax payer backed funds to companies controlled from the British Virgin Islands, because in 2010 when the investments were approved they didn't consider the BVIs a tax haven.
The EIB was using the OECD's famous 'empty list' of tax havens, which by 2012 had just two tiny Pacific islands on it. This opened up potentially hundreds of billions of euros of tax payer funds being invested in loosely regulated tax havens across the world.
How many other investments like this the EIB made before the publication of the (slightly better but still deficient) Global Forum analysis of jurisdictions is a question the European Parliament may want to consider. The European Parliament's International Development Committee has recently started putting together a report on tax havens and Linda McAvan, the chair, has promised to pass the TJN's investigation onto the report authors.
There is also another question to consider here too. As Eurodad has noted, over 50% of funds that go to the private sector from DFIs go to the finance industry.
We all know that the finance sector is addicted to offshore – so why isnt the EIB and other institutions using some of that huge leverage they have to do something about it?
It was published today in the EU Observer here. It is running as the front page splash in Germany's Tagesspiegel today in both its print and online version here. The piece is also expected to be published on a progressive Egyptian news magazine, Mada Masr later, as well as De Correspondent in the Netherlands, and in The Observer, Uganda on Monday.


text:
Boeing 737 News
FAA 'Very Encouraged' by Talk with World's Regulators on Grounded Boeing 737
The chief U.S. aviation regulator said he was very encouraged by a one-day discussion with his counterparts from around the world on the steps needed to return Boeing Co.'s grounded 737 Max jetliner to service, including the need for additional …
Boeing Says 737s' Optional Data Display Alert Was Not Safety Risk
Boeing Co. did not tell U.S. regulators for more than a year that it inadvertently made an alarm alerting pilots to a mismatch of flight data optional on the 737 MAX, instead of standard as on earlier 737s, but insisted …
NTSB: 'Range of Factors' May Explain Boeing 737 Florida Runway Skid
The National Transportation Safety Board will evaluate a range of factors that could help explain how a Boeing 737-800 plane arriving from Cuba slipped into a river after skidding off a runway in Florida, from human error to the weather …
Boeing Aims to Move Lion Air Crash Lawsuit from Chicago HQ to Indonesia
Faced with lawsuits over a plane crash half a world away, Boeing Co. is arguing it shouldn't have to defend itself in a courtroom a short walk from its corporate headquarters. The world's largest planemaker has indicated in court filings …
Best-Selling Boeing 737 Under Scrutiny After Another Deadly Crash
A fatal crash in Ethiopia on Sunday involving an updated version of Boeing Co.'s best-selling 737 is putting the spotlight back on the aircraft just five months after another deadly crash involving another brand-new model of the same type in …
Lion Air Plane's Cockpit Voice Recorder Recovered in Java Sea
Indonesia found the cockpit voice recorder from the Lion Air plane that crashed in October, giving investigators a real chance at solving the mystery of what brought down a modern jet. The CVR of the Boeing Co. 737 Max aircraft …
London's Heathrow Briefly Halts Flights After Drone Sighting
The Heathrow airport was partially shut for more than an hour after drone sightings near runways raised safety concerns, the second time in a month a London airport had to suspend flights because of dangers from modern-day gadgets. Departures were …
Lion Air Ends Hunt for 2nd Black Box, but Indonesia Plans to Resume Search
Lion Air has ended its search for the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) from its Boeing 737 MAX jet that crashed into the Java Sea in October, but Indonesian investigators said they plan to launch their own probe as soon as …
London's Gatwick Airport Reopens After Drones Cause 36 Hours of Travel Chaos
London's Gatwick Airport reopened on Friday after a saboteur wrought 36 hours of travel chaos for over a hundred thousand Christmas travelers by using drones to play cat-and-mouse with police snipers and the army. After the biggest disruption at Gatwick, …
London's Gatwick Airport Suspends Flights on Multiple Drone Sightings
London's Gatwick airport is closed to aircraft following multiple sightings of illegal drones, disrupting flights for as many as 115,000 people on one of the busiest travel days of the year. Lines of passengers circled Gatwick's two terminals Thursday and …
It has become clear that the whole system of regulation, covering what is written down and the way in which it is enacted in practice, is not fit for purpose, leaving room for those who want to take shortcuts to do so.
UK commission report on Grenfell Tower tragedy