As of May 29th, I am now a member of the Third Order of Penance of St. Dominic, which is better known, as a 3rd Order Dominican. The Order to which I am now a postulant is affiliated with the Dominican Friars of Steffeshausen, a newer community of traditional Dominicans. As a Traditional Third Order Dominican, I will be following the Rule that was in place as of 1923, the last Rule for Dominican tertiaries before the Second Vatican Council.
I will begin my studying with the text of Fr. Joret entitled "Our Dominican Life." In order to spread the spirit of the Order, I have a copy of this book in PDF and I'd be happy to send it out via email to all who are interested. Just email me to request it.
I am far from perfect and pray that this Rule help me in my quest for spiritual perfection. Please pray for me to grow in grace and seek the salvation of souls. St. Dominic, pray for me!
Blessed be the Holy Trinity and undivided Unity. We will give glory to Him, because He has shown mercy to us. Ps. 8:2. O Lord, our Lord, how glorious is Your name over all the earth! V. Glory be . . .
COLLECT - TRINITY SUNDAY - Almighty and ever-living God, to You we owe the grace of our true faith, which enables us to acknowledge the glory of the eternal Trinity and to adore the blessed Unity through the power of Your majesty. Grant that by holding fast to that faith we may always be guarded against all afflictions. Through our Lord . . .
Commemoration of the FIRST SUNDAY AFTER PENTECOST - O God, the strength of all who place their trust in You, graciously hear our prayers. Because of our weak human nature, we can do nothing without You. Help us by Your grace that we may fulfill Your commands and please You in will and action. Through our Lord . . .
Blessed are You, O Lord, who behold the depths and are enthroned upon the Cherubim. V. Blessed are You, O Lord, in the firmament of heaven, and worthy of praise forever.
Alleluia, alleluia! V. Dan. 3:52 Blessed are You, O Lord the God of our fathers, and worthy of praise forever. Alleluia!
At that time, Jesus coming, spoke to them, saying: "All power is given to me in heaven and in earth. Going therefore, teach ye all nations: baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost. Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you. And behold I am with you all days, even to the consummation of the world."
Blessed be God the Father, and the only-begotten Son of God, and the Holy Spirit, because He has shown mercy to us.
SECRET Bless this Sacrificial Offering as we call upon Your holy name, O Lord our God, and through it let us too become an eternal offering to You. Through our Lord . . .
SECRET - Commemoration of the FIRST SUNDAY AFTER PENTECOST Graciously accept the offerings we dedicate to You, O Lord, and let them win for us Your unending assistance. Through our Lord . . .
We bless the God of heaven, and we will praise him before all men, because He has shown mercy to us..
POST COMMUNION - O Lord, our God, let us be made strong in body and soul by the reception of this Sacrament and by acknowledging the Holy, Eternal Trinity and its undivided Unity. Through our Lord . . .
We have received Your exceedingly great Gifts in all their fullness, O Lord. Grant that we may use these graces for our salvation and never cease to sing Your praises. Through our Lord . . .
O Lord Jesus Christ, Lover and Saviour of souls, Who didst choose to die for all men and whose Sacred Heart yearns that no soul may perish, but that all may come to the knowledge of Thy truth, grant, I beseech Thee, the salvation of all mankind. Have pity on all Catholics, that they may be true to Thy Faith, steadfast in its practice, faithful to their duties, holy in their lives and happy in their deaths.
Have mercy on all those disinherited children of God who find themselves in the Christian denominations which are separated from Thy One True Church. Grant them the light to see and the strength to embrace the fullness of Thy truth. Encourage them to read and study, and help me to find the means of giving to many of them good Catholic books and of bringing them to instructions. Have mercy, O my God, on the great sad multitude of our fellow countrymen, who wander like lost sheep, far from true Christian teaching. Multiply the number of Thy priests, stir up the zeal of Thy laity, so that all Thy wandering children may be brought to the knowledge and the love of Thy full truth. Amen.
O Lord, have mercy also on the pagan nations of the world, the sad thousands of millions who walk in the darkness of the shadow of the valley of death. Have pity on abandoned sinners, on the malicious, on outcasts, on the fallen and on the depraved. Have mercy on the dying and especially on those who have none to pray for them. With all the fervor of Thy Sacred Heart, my Jesus, pray and beseech Thy Heavenly Father for the conversion of all sinners, and for the perseverance in Thy grace of all the just. Amen.
O most merciful Jesus, Shepherd of souls, behold the great multitude of the heathen, redeemed and purchased by Thy Sacred Blood and Thy horrible agony, still wandering far off from Thy holy Fold and ignorant of the very existence of their Redeemer. O Jesus, the abundant treasure of Thy Blood has purchased a million times over those souls so dear to Thy Sacred Heart. Stir up in all Thy faithful a burning zeal for missionary endeavor, a great generosity toward missionary works, and an immense desire to convert the whole world and bring all men to the knowledge of Thy truth. Amen.
During the Octave of Pentecost, the Church traditionally celebrates the Summer Ember Days. Today is Ember Wednesday. This Friday and Saturday will also be Ember Days. As per the traditional discipline of the Church, Ember Days are days of Fast and Partial Abstinence. (Friday of course being a day of complete abstinence). If you wish to read more about the Ember Days, please see my post from last year.
CORDAID, which stands for "Catholic Organization for Relief and Development Aid," is a co-founder and current affiliate of Caritas Internationalis, the Vatican-run umbrella organization that oversees Catholic charity, aid, and development organizations (like Catholic Relief Services) all over the world.
Caritas constitutes part of the governing body for the international Marxist organization known as the World Social Forum, which is avidly pro-abortion and pro-homosexual. CORDAID is the local Caritas affiliate for the Netherlands.
CORDAID promotes abortion, funds Planned Parenthood and Marie Stopes International, and dispenses contraception of every kind, including abortifacient contraception. CORDAID goes out of its way to make condoms and contraception readily available to the youth at little or no cost. CORDAID indirectly is part of the Vatican's network of charity relief organizations, but CORDAID is passionately anti-Catholic and pro-death.
Today is the Vigil of Pentecost (Saturday after the 6th Sunday after Easter).
Today's preparation should not be underestimated. Catholics should fast and partially abstain from meat today (as per 1962 rubrics) in order to better conform themselves to celebrate this High Holy Day of Pentecost.
The feast of Whitsun [another name for Pentecost] is as ancient as that of Easter, and First Vespers on the Saturday following begins the liturgical season called Season after Pentecost. The Ascension of God's Son, Our Lord Jesus Christ, to Heaven did not leave us abandoned and helpless. By the Divine Will, the Third Person of the Trinity is to be the soul and guiding light of Christ's Mystical Body.
When I shall be sanctified in you, I will gather you together out of all the countries; and I will pour upon you clean water and you shall be cleansed from all your filthiness, and I will give you a new spirit, alleluia, alleluia! Ps. 33:2. I will bless the Lord at all times; His praise shall ever be in my mouth. V. Glory be . . .
Let the brightness of Your glory shine upon us, Almighty God, so that the Holy Spirit, light of Your light, may strengthen the hearts of those who are reborn in Your grace. Through Our Lord . . .
Now it was while Apollo was at Corinth, that Paul, having passed through the upper coasts, came to Ephesus and found certain disciples. And he said to them: "Have you received the Holy Ghost since ye believed?" But they said to him: "We have not so much as heard whether there be a Holy Ghost." And he said: "In what then were you baptized?" Who said: "In John's baptism." Then Paul said: "John baptized the people with the baptism of penance saying: That they should believe in him, who was to come after him, that is to say, in Jesus." Having heard these things, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. And when Paul had imposed his hands on them, the Holy Ghost came upon them: and they spoke with tongues and prophesied. And all the men were about twelve. And entering into the synagogue, he spoke boldly for the space of three months, disputing and exhorting concerning the kingdom of God.
Alleluia! V. Ps. 106:1. Praise the Lord, for He is good, for His mercy endures forever.
Praise the Lord, all you nations; praise Him in unison, all you peoples!
V. For His mercy is steadfast towards us, and the truth of the Lord endures forever.
At that time, Jesus said to His disciples: "If you love me, keep my commandments. And I will ask the Father: and He shall give you another Paraclete, that he may abide with you for ever: The Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth Him not, nor knoweth Him. But you shall know Him; because He shall abide with you and shall be in you. I will not leave you orphans: I will come to you. Yet a little while and the world seeth Me no more. But you see Me: because I live, and you shall live. In that day you shall know that I am in my Father: and you in Me, and I in you. He that hath My commandments and keepeth them; he it is that loveth Me. And he that loveth Me shall be loved of My Father: and I will love him and will manifest myself to him."
Send forth Your Spirit, and they shall be created, and You shall renew the face of the earth. May the glory of the Lord endure forever, alleluia!
Bless our offering, O Lord, and cleanse our hearts by the light of the Holy Spirit. Through Our Lord . . .
On the last day of the feast, Jesus said, "He who believes in Me, from within him there shall flow rivers of living water." He said this of the Spirit, whom they who believed in Him were to receive, alleluia, alleluia!
May the coming of the Holy Spirit cleanse our hearts, and, as a heavenly dew, water them to bring forth good fruit. Through Our Lord . . .
I think it is important to recall these prayers throughout all of the traditional Octave of the Ascension. As I posted about previously, the Ascension was observed as an Octave up until 1954. These prayers would have been said on both the Ascension of the Lord as well as on the Octave Day of the Ascension.
Click here for more information on Ascensiontide, including the history of the Octaves up until 1954.
O Almighty God, we firmly believe that Your only-begotten Son, our Redeemer, ascended this day into heaven. May our minds dwell always on this heavenly home. Through Our Lord . . .
In the former treatise I made, O Theophilus, of all things which Jesus began to do and to teach, Until the day on which, giving commandments by the Holy Ghost to the apostles whom he had chosen, he was taken up. To whom also he shewed himself alive after his passion, by many proofs, for forty days appearing to them, and speaking of the kingdom of God. And eating together with them, he commanded them, that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but should wait for the promise of the Father, "which you have heard"(saith he) "by my mouth. For John indeed baptized with water: but you shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost, not many days hence."
They therefore who were come together, asked him, saying: "Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom of Israel?" But he said to them: "It is not for you to know the time or moments, which the Father hath put in his own power: But you shall receive the power of the Holy Ghost coming upon you, and you shall be witnesses unto me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea, and Samaria, and even to the uttermost part of the earth." And when he had said these things, while they looked on, he was raised up: and a cloud received him out of their sight. And while they were beholding him going up to heaven, behold two men stood by them in white garments. Who also said: "Ye men of Galilee, why stand you looking up to heaven? This Jesus who is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come as you have seen him going into heaven."
God ascends His throne amid shouts of joy, the Lord is taken up with the sound of trumpets. Alleluia!
V. Ps. 67:18-19. The Lord is in Sinai, in the holy place; ascending on high, He has led captivity captive. Alleluia!
At that time, Jesus appeared to the eleven as they were at table: and he upbraided them with their incredulity and hardness of heart, because they did not believe them who had seen him after he was risen again. And he said to them: "Go ye into the whole world and preach the gospel to every creature. He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved: but he that believeth not shall he condemned. And these signs shall follow them that believe: In my name they shall cast out devils. They shall speak with new tongues. They shall take up serpents: and if they shall drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them. They shall lay their hand upon the sick: and they shall recover."
And the Lord Jesus, after he had spoken to them, was taken up into heaven and sitteth on the right hand of God. But they going forth preached every where: the Lord working withal, and confirming the word with signs that followed.
After the Gospel is read, the Pascal Candle is extinguished.
God ascends His throne amid shouts of joy, the Lord is taken up with the sound of trumpets, alleluia!
Accept, O Lord, the gifts we offer to celebrate the glorious ascension of Your Son. May Your mercy free us from our present dangers and lead us to eternal life. Through Our Lord . . .
Almighty and merciful God, grant that this Sacrament, which we have received in this visible sacred Rite, may bring us Your invisible help. Through Our Lord . . .
"From the Other Side: A Look into the Catholic Church," Betty Jean Jeffries, 129 pp., 1954, Bruce publ.
"Christian Maturity," John Donohue, SJ, 214 pp., 1955, Kenedy publ.
On this anniversary of the apparitions of Our Lady at Fatima, Fr Dominic reminds us that the Fatima Message is Heaven's Plan to bring the world back to God. Let us hear and observe Our Lady's message to stay away, hate, and fight sin; mortify ourselves and do penance, and lead lives of prayer and devotion, especially praying the Holy Rosary at least once a day.
This is especially important concerning the recent death of Fr. Gruner, the Apostle of Fatima. If you never read his book "Crucial Truths to Save Your Soul" then you must. It is a short, inexpensive book that I am highly recommending.
Last month we observed on April 25th the annual Major Rogation Day. I have previously posted on the Rogation Days & Ember Days as they occur throughout the year.
We are now beginning the Minor (Lesser) Rogation Days that lead up to Ascension Thursday. Like the Major Rogation, these are days to perform penance, fast, pray litanies, and petition our Almighty God to spare us from natural disaster, to bless our crops, and to save us from our sins. These were previously days of fasting before changes to the Roman Liturgy that took place even before Vatican II.
I also previously mentioned a wonderful booklet produced by Fr Christopher Smith, a priest of the Diocese of Charleston. This guide on the Ember & Rogation Day is a great ready for today. It can be downloaded from dropbox.
Today is the Feast of the Apparition of St. Michael the Archangel.
Traditionally in the Liturgy of the Church, there were two feasts in honor of St. Michael. Those familiar with the Litany of Saints will also recall that his name is mentioned by name in the Litany. And those who attend the Traditional Latin Mass will be familiar with several references to St. Michael in the course of the Liturgy.
St. Michael is regarded as the special Guardian Angel of Saint Joseph and the Guardian Angel of each one of the Popes and one of the seven great angels who stand before the throne of God. In the 6th century, the angelic St. Michael appeared in southern Italy on a mountain named Gargano. In this apparition St. Michael asked that the cave in which he appeared would become a shrine to the True God in order to make amends for the pagan worship that once occurred there. The Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo sul Gargano still remains to this day.
St. Michael later appeared with a flaming sword atop the mountain during a storm on the eve of battle for the Lombards. The Lombards attributed their victory in battle on that day, May 8, 663, to St. Michael. And the Church then established a Feast in honor of the Apparition of St. Michael on May 8th. That Feast is still kept in the Roman Catholic Calendar of 1962 used in the Tridentine Latin Mass.
On September 29th the Feast of the Dedication of St. Michael occurs on which we, for the second time in the year, honor the Glorious St. Michael.
On Mount Gargano, the commemoration of the blessed archangel Michael. This festival is kept in memory of the day when, under his invocation, there was consecrated a church, unpretending in its exterior, but endowed with celestial virtue.
The first apparitions of the archangel Michael in Western Europe were granted to the Bishop of Sipontum in Apulia. Three times the Archangel appeared, nightly, the last time on September 29, 493. The Archangel indicated the transformation into a Christian church of a grotto sacred to Mithras, on Monte Tumba. Miraculously, when the bishop and companions arrived, they found that a primitive altar had already been erected, covered with a vermilion altar cloth and surmounted by a Cross; moreover, according to the legend, they found the footprint of Saint Michael in the rock. With immense joy the holy bishop offered the first divine Sacrifice. It was 29 September.
The Feast of the Dedication of St. Michael the Archangel is the September 29th Feast often just called: The Feast of St. Michael the Archangel.
Theirs have always been hours of study, industry, prayer, service - and song. Monastic chant echoed off the walls of the Monastero di San Benedetto di Norcia for more than 800 years before Napoleonic laws suppressed this branch of the Benedictine order in 1810, causing a break in the continuity of music in Norcia for nearly 200 years. But when a Benedictine Community founded in 1998 by Father Cassian Folsom sought a monastery, the town of Norcia welcomed the monks back to the birthplace of St. Benedict, and the music began again.
This is the story of The Monks of Norcia. Their alluring chant has been masterfully captured by 11x Grammy Award winning producer Christopher Alder. De Montfort Music has teamed with Universal Music Classics and Decca Records to bring this transcendent debut to you directly from within the monastery walls of Norcia.
Benedicta consists of songs dedicated to the life of Mary, Our Lady, including previously unrecorded chant versions of responsories and an original piece composed by the monks, "Nos Qui Christi Iugum".
Benedicta will be available on June 2nd, 2015.
Order now on Amazon.com by clicking here.


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Ascent Solar's Research and Development and its 30 MW nameplate production facility is in Thornton, Colorado.


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Thanks for stopping by, Chottie!
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Also I cant seem to get to your "shop" page… it says restricted? How do I go around this?
These boots and sunnies are major and you look absolutely gorgeous in this outfit!
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hope you enjoyed my country!
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I love it too! Thanks for stopping by!
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So did I! Thanks for stopping by!
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Thanks Tara!! It was super fun but it's so nice being home. Thanks for stopping by!
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A shorter haircut to the collar bone might be a fun thing to do.
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Love from Best shoes for women 2016 xoxo.


By Fast Kashmir on 06/04/2019.
Pulwama, April 06: The final match of mega T10 cricket tournament will be played on Sunday morning, as the two teams among forty five have qualified for it after winning the semi finals with their opponents.
The final match will be played in between Panner Zalmi and United Nahir at Green Park Cricket Club in Nahir Tral.
Both the teams have played brilliantly in the whole tournament and huge crowd is expected in the final match.
The tournament was started in the month of December last year and continued for more than three months with final match scheduled on Sunday.
The tournament is sponsored by Audio King Tral, Saadat Sports Complex, MI Medical Agency Tral. Its advertisement partners are Kashmir Age, Walnut advertisers and Big Sign Awantipora.


text:
Title: On Borrowed Time
Author: Graeme Hall
Genre: Fiction (Historical thriller/mystery)
Hello lovelies! I am lucky enough to have had the opportunity of reading and reviewing 'On Borrowed Time', which is being published tomorrow. My review is part of the blog tour organised by Isabelle Kenyon at Fly On The Wall Blog Tours – massive thanks to Isabelle for my gifted copy of the book!
In Hong Kong, Emma Janssen discovers the truth behind the death of her brother four years earlier. Meanwhile, in Shanghai, a PhD student meets a woman with an unusual degree of interest in his research. These storylines converge at the time of the handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997, and Emma finds that she has to choose between revenge or the future happiness and safety of both herself and those close to her.
'On Borrowed Time' is set in Hong Kong and Shanghai over the period 1996/1997 - including the handover of Hong Kong to China. The novel explores the choices that people have to make; in particular between doing what is easy and what is right.
'On Borrowed Time' is the first work of fiction by Graeme Hall that I had the pleasure to read and it is one that is a definite favourite! The novel has everything I look for in a story - interesting characters, a fascinating plot and a beautiful setting.
The story is written from multiple points of view and consists of multiple storylines that are all intertwined together. There's a number of intriguing characters that are well constructed and which appear realistic. Every character makes you feel some type of emotion which makes you even more invested in the story.
The story is fictional, however it is inspired by the author's experiences of living and working in Hong Kong from 1993 to 2010, in particular the final years of British rule and the transfer of sovereignty back to China. The author's connection to China and Hong Kong is visibly clear through vivid descriptions of the setting, as well as his knowledge of the places and the history.
'On Borrowed Time' was quite an educational read for me as it was set in the year before I was born and I have to admit that I didn't know much about the history of China and Hong Kong before this novel. I was extremely absorbed by the story and the setting which made me want to learn more about the transfer of sovereignty.
I thoroughly enjoyed reading the novel and if I could, I would have read on as I'd love to know the characters' fate. There were still a number of unanswered questions at the end but I think this showcases how the novel reflects the realities of life as no one's future is clear and it can steer in a different direction at any time.
Overall, 'On Borrowed Time' is a brilliantly written book that is more than worthy of a five star rating as Hall perfectly incorporates history and intrigue within the plot, making the novel not only enjoyable but also educational. If you're a fan of historical thrillers, mystery and espionage then this novel is definitely for you!
The novel is available as an ebook and can also be purchased as a paperback from all major retailers.
On Borrowed Time is Graeme Hall's first fictional novel and it is set in Hong Kong and Shanghai, a part of the world that Hall loves and which inspires his writing. Graeme first visited Macau in 1993 and he quickly became fascinated by the oldest European settlement in Asia. His short story collection, 'The Goddess of Macau' was published in August 2020 by Fly on the Wall Press.
Hall has previously won the short story competition of the Macau Literary Festival and the Ilkley Literature Festival, and his writing has been published in anthologies by Black Bear Press and the Macau Literary Festival. He is an active member of the Leeds Writers Circle whose members have been a constant source of advice, support and encouragement. Graeme Hall lives in Calderdale, West Yorkshire with his wife and a wooden dog.
Make sure to check out the other stops on the blog tour on Twitter and Instagram!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Les Proscylliidae (les Requins-chats) sont une famille de requins de l'ordre des Carcharhiniformes, contenant 3 genres.

Description et caractéristiques
Ce sont de petits requins inoffensifs, ne dépassant jamais  de long. Ils sont caractérisés par leurs yeux allongés (ressemblant à des yeux de chat), surmontés d'une membrane nictitante. Leurs dents sont petites et cuspidées. Ils ont deux nageoires dorsales réduites et sans épine, la première très en avant des bases pelviennes.

La plupart des espèces sont ovovivipares. Ils se nourrissent de petits poissons et d'invertébrés.

On les trouve principalement en eaux profondes (50-), principalement dans les eaux chaudes de l'Atlantique nord et de l'Indo-Pacifique.

Liste des espèces
Selon ITIS,  FishBase et  :
 genre Ctenacis Compagno, 1973
 Ctenacis fehlmanni  (Springer, 1968) — Requin-chat arlequin
 genre Eridacnis Smith, 1913
 Eridacnis barbouri  (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944) — Requin-chat cubain
 Eridacnis radcliffei  Smith, 1913 — Requin-chat pygmée
 Eridacnis sinuans  (Smith, 1957) — Requin-chat à rubans
 genre Proscyllium Hilgendorf, 1904
 Proscyllium habereri  Hilgendorf, 1904 — Requin-chat gracile
 Proscyllium magnificum  Last & Vongpanich, 2004
 Proscyllium venustum  (Tanaka, 1912)

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhiniformes (nom scientifique)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The Academy Awards nominees were announced Jan. 22.
Amid the yearly buzz of the entertainment industry award season shines a ceremony synonymous with acknowledging the year's best-of-the-best in film.
The Academy Awards (a.k.a. the Oscars) is the pedestal actors, directors, producers, designers, composers, editors (and everyone in between) drool over, hopeful for the chance of receiving a prestigious Oscar statuette.
The 91st annual award nominations were revealed Jan. 22. Since the beginning of the new year, other ceremonies already recognized the best of the film industry, which generally provides a hint on who will win Oscars.
The Academy Awards ceremony airs on Feb. 24 at 7 p.m.
The following lays out the noteworthy nominations (with the help of percentages on professional critique sites Rotten Tomatoes* and Metacritic**) while also highlighting the likeliest winners, personal favorites, honorable mentions, the occasional undeserved nominee, and the topic that causes passionate film buffs to shake their heads in dismay: snubs.
Personal pick: "The Favourite" – Outstanding in direction, visuals, script and especially the high class acting, this treat perfectly blends comedy and drama into an unforgettable, exquisitely delicious period piece.
Undeserved nominee: "Bohemian Rhapsody" (62 percent and 49 percent on Rotten Tomatoes and Metacritic, respectively): Boasting an almost nonexistent title of receiving "critical acclaim," I haven't such seen such a low percentage rating for a Best Picture nominee since "The Reader" (2008; 63% on Rotten Tomatoes and 58% on Metacritic). However, regular filmgoers ate this one up, plus it was hugely successful at the Box Office. "Vice" is a close second (64 percent on Rotten Tomatoes and 61 percent on Metacritic).
Likeliest winner: Christian Bale: "Bale's transformation is a sight to behold," according toRotten Tomatoes' Critical Census. He's already won a Critic's Choice and Golden Globe Award for his role, so this award is practically a shoo-in for Bale. However, Rami Malik has won a Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance as well, evening out the playing field.
Personal pick: Bradley Cooper: He nailed his portrayal of an alcoholic/renowned musician, but probably not to the same level Bale. At least he is nominated.
Likeliest winner: Glenn Close: The veteran actress of the nominees, Close has been nominated six times over a span of nearly three decades. She's encountered her fair share of getting robbed, especially for her role in "Fatal Attraction" (1987) when she controversially lost to singer/actress Cher. Close has won a Critics' Choice, Golden Globe, Satellite, and Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance, edging out favorite Lady Gaga for the Globe and sharing the Critics' Choice. It would be a replication of 1988 if Gaga defeated her, as she is another singer transformed to dramatic actress.
Personal pick: Olivia Colman/Glenn Close.
Honorable mention: Melissa McCarthy: Kudos to her for branching off from her recent line of seemingly endless, critically-panned comedies and instead basking in the praises of a critically lauded role central to the respected "Can You Ever Forgive Me?" This nomination no doubts represents a defining turning point for her career.
Snub: Toni Collette ("Hereditary"): While the movie is terrifying in itself, Collette offered up a terrific performance. She managed to command every scene she was involved in with her massive acting chops, leaving the viewer agape in unsettling awe. The Academy's known distaste for horror movies is probably the culprit for this snub.
Honorable mention snubs: Saoirse Ronan ("Mary Queen of Scots"): There were excruciatingly high hopes for "Mary, Queen of Scots" when the trailer was released last summer. But it was disappointing. On the bright side, I did walk into the movie knowing that Ronan and her screen counterpart Margot Robbie would for sure dominate with their acting. In the end, they were absolutely marvelous.
Keira Knightley ("Colette"): "Colette" did not have a large theatrical release, which prevented Knightley's performance from reaching the eyes of audiences. As usual, this two-time Oscar nominee showcased her skills with passion and classiness.
Likeliest Winner: Mahershala Ali: Ali has a strong chance of taking home the prize, yet he's so fresh from earning an Oscar at last year's ceremony for his role in Best Picture winner "Moonlight." Multi-Oscar winners have typically had to wait a number of years before a second or third Oscar is awarded.
Snubs: Lucas Hedges ("Boy Erased") and Timothèe Chalamet ("Beautiful Boy"): Both of these youngsters emitted raw, vulnerable performances that should at least be acknowledged by the Academy. Their moments will come.
Rachel Weisz – "The Favourite"Likeliest Winner: Regina King: Thus far, King has snatched every award for this category.
Personal Pick: Emma Stone/Rachel Weisz: Each superbly mastered the unique characteristics of their own roles, yet perfectly shared the quality of mischief.
Snub: Margot Robbie ("Mary Queen of Scots").
*Rotten Tomatoes is a website that exhibits a considerable amount of professional reviews for movies and television shows, with each critic given two options for determining the overall quality of them: rotten or fresh. The former indicates a disfavorable view of the movie, while the latter indicates an acceptable or outstanding judgment for a movie or show. When all of the reviews are accumulated, the site displays the percentage of "fresh" or positive reviews. The public also has the option for writing reviews and scoring using the classic one-to-five star system. The site has garnered controversy, for speculation says that moviegoers conflicted between seeing a movie or not heavily rely on the score as the last straw.
**Metacritic is another way to glimpse reviews from critics over movies, shows, music, video games, etc. Each critic provides a score of 0-100 to the object of critiqued. From there, all of the reviews are averaged together to form a central percentage.


text:
Looking Back at The Phoenix Inn
John Taylor's unpublished history of Earsdon suggests that the Phoenix Inn, in Front Street, dated to the 18th century.
Friday, 2nd September 2016, 2:33 pm
The Phoenix Pub in Earsdon.
From 1841 until the late 1870s it was in occupation of Robert Blackburn. About 1861 it was also home to the Mechanics' Institute. In 1897 the pub was on the Brewster Sessions Black List for persistent offenders, and briefly disappeared from local directories.
Mr Taylor remembered that Mrs Blackburn had the house until about 1906. She was briefly succeeded by John Jacques, a cycling enthusiast, described as a world champion. Mr Taylor said the pub provided a poor living, and one tenant only made a profit by selling locally made poteen to soldiers camped nearby.
The Phoenix closed on December 7, 1971, and was converted to a house.
If anyone has information contact [email protected]


Rosie Brown has been painting in different mediums her entire life. Born in Cuba, she arrived in Miami at the age of nine. This experience shaped her career choices. She obtained a business degree from Florida International University and entered the business world. Rosie's true passion centered on painting and continued to flourish throughout her business career. After retiring, she decided to pursue her lifelong passion to create. Her works are inspired by her tropical environment and her colorful culture.
She has expanded her creativity and her artworks are now licensed by various companies and offered as home decor products, pet products, and fashion.
Rosie's love of art extends out to organizations in the community. She is a signature member of the Miami Watercolor Society, a member of Florida Watercolor Society and a docent at the Lowe Art Museum at the University of Miami.


Function: National Accounts Department compiles the national accounts of Guyana's economy, which is subdivided into twenty-three sub-industries. Two of the most well-known variables produced by these accounts, and perhaps the two most requested by the public, are Gross Domestic Product and Per Capita Income. Guyana launched its rebased and revised series of national accounts in February 2010, with a new base year of 2006 for constant GDP and with current GDP revised back to 2006. In revising its national accounts, Guyana adopted System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA 1993) recommendations, moving forward from the practices of SNA 1968.
Guyana compiles GDP at current and constant prices by industry, mainly by the production method. GDP by expenditure is compiled residually for the economy as a whole, and at current prices only.
The rebasing and revising of the national accounts which was conducted during 2007 to 2009 allowed not only the adoption of a more recent base year (previously 1988), but facilitated the use of more modern measurement techniques and a truer picture of economic structure. In the rebased and revised series, the increasing contribution of services to the economy and the subsequent diminishing contribution of traditional industries are evident.
Data collection: Data is collected on the output of the real and services industries of the economy. Examples of the data collected are: production of crops (such as rice, sugar, and other non-traditional crops), extraction of minerals (such as bauxite and gold), harvesting of seafood, and several manufactured items (varying from industrial items such as paint, to consumer items such as beverages). In terms of services, data collected includes parcels posted in and out by weight, domestic air passengers, aircraft landings at Cheddi Jagan International Airport (Timehri), registration of new motor vehicles, newspaper circulation, cellular subscribers, mortgages granted and ferry passengers, to name a few.
The National Accounts Department monitors the production of primary commodities and some locally manufactured commodities on a monthly basis.
The information is collected by way of a monthly survey. This data is now being posted on our website to make it more accessible to the general public. The table will generally be posted with a time lag of 4 - 6 weeks, since its publication depends on the time in which our repondents submit data.
The Department is, as always, appreciative of the companies and agencies who uphold their corporate and national responsibility by providing the information we compile.
Please refer to the National Accounts & Prices section of Statistical Bulletin for National Accounts publications.
The Bureau of Statistics held a seminar on its newly rebased GDP series on March 11, 2010 at the Pegasus Hotel, Georgetown. The Bureau also launched its first National Accounts publication Guyana System of National Accounts.
The publication is available for download here Guyana System of National Accounts and copies of the Powerpoint presentations are also available on request (nataccts@statisticsguyana.gov.gy).
The Bureau of Statistics has introduced a new series of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rebased and rebenchmarked to year 2006, replacing the series based in 1988. Below are downloadable files containing GDP by industry at constant and current prices for both the old (at 1988 prices) and new (at 2006 prices) series.
A brief overview of the newly rebased and rebenchmarked GDP series is also available.


Andrew Ridgeley, other half of the iconic British pop duo Wham!, will be publishing the story of the legendary '80s group and the journey of his friendship with George Michael in a new memoir.
Aiming for a release this fall, Penguin Random House imprint Dutton will be publishing the memoir, according to the publisher's news release.
Wham! was founded by Ridgeley and Michael in 1981, in Bushey, England. Their mega-hit single "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" was followed up with "Careless Whisper" and "Last Christmas", which to this day are absolute timeless classics.
They broke up in 1986, finishing off their career as a band with an infamous concert at the Wembley Stadium. "Andrew's memoir covers in wonderful detail those years, up until that last iconic concert: the scrapes, the laughs, the relationships, the good and the bad. It's a unique and one-and-only time to remember that era, that band and those boys," the publisher said.


text:
Die Schwarzrückige Gemüsewanze oder Schmuckwanze (Eurydema ornata, Syn.: Eurydema ornatum) ist eine Wanze aus der Familie der Baumwanzen (Pentatomidae).

Merkmale
Die Wanzen werden 7,0 bis 9,0 Millimeter lang. Sie sind auffällig rot und schwarz gefärbt. Der Halsschild trägt sechs schwarze Flecken, die auch ineinander fließen können; das Schildchen (Scutellum) nur einen großen schwarzen Fleck. Die Halbdecken (Hemielytren) zeigen jeweils einen großen hakenförmigen Fleck neben einem weiteren kleineren kurz vor der schwarzen, als Membran bezeichneten, Flügelspitze. Man kann die rot-schwarz gefärbte Farbmorphe von der sehr ähnlichen Zierlichen Gemüsewanze (Eurydema dominulus) durch die dunklen Flecken entlang dem Rand des Coriums der Hemielytren unterscheiden, die der Schwarzrückigen Gemüsewanze fehlen. Es werden häufig unterschiedliche Farbmorphen ausgebildet; so gibt es eine mit weißlich-gelber Grundfarbe.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum
Die Art ist von Nordafrika über den gesamten Mittelmeerraum bis in den Süden Skandinaviens und östlich bis in den Süden Sibiriens, Zentralasien, in die Mongolei und China sowie in die Orientalis nach Pakistan und Indien verbreitet. Die Art ist neuerdings auch von den Britischen Inseln nachgewiesen, wo sie auf den Kanalinseln und den Küstengebieten von Dorset, Hampshire und Sussex auftritt. Sie ist vermutlich auch in anderen Teilen Südenglands verbreitet. In Deutschland ist die Art weit verbreitet, sie ist im Norden aber seltener als im Süden. Im Tiefland des Nordwestens ist sie nur noch vereinzelt verbreitet. In Österreich tritt die Art überall häufig auf. Besiedelt werden ähnliche Lebensräume wie bei der Kohlwanze (Eurydema oleracea), die Schwarzrückige Gemüsewanze ist jedoch wärmebedürftiger und besiedelt daher in der Regel trockenere und wärmere Gegenden.

Lebensweise
In Mitteleuropa tritt pro Jahr nur eine Generation auf, man kann in günstigen Jahren jedoch auch im Hochsommer oder Herbst weitere Paarungen und Eiablagen beobachten, wobei die Entwicklung dieser Generation vermutlich nicht vollständig werden kann. Die Überwinterung erfolgt als Imago. Die Wanzen fressen an Kreuzblütlern (Brassicaceae), wie etwa Kressen (Lepidium), Rettiche (Raphanus) oder Kohl (Brassica).

Belege

Einzelnachweise

Literatur

Weblinks

Pentatominae (Wanzen)


text:
T. Moncaster
B. Briscoe
M. Menth
University of Wuerzburg
Baseline Encoding and Transport of Pre-Congestion Information
The objective of the Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) architecture is to protect the quality of service (QoS) of inelastic flows within a Diffserv domain. It achieves this by marking packets belonging to PCN-flows when the rate of traffic exceeds certain configured thresholds on links in the domain. These marks can then be evaluated to determine how close the domain is to being congested. This document specifies how such marks are encoded into the IP header by redefining the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) codepoints within such domains. The baseline encoding described here provides only two PCN encoding states: Not-marked and PCN-marked. Future extensions to this encoding may be needed in order to provide more than one level of marking severity.
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the BSD License.
This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English.
2.  Requirements Notation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
3.  Terminology and Abbreviations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
3.1.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
3.2.  List of Abbreviations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
4.  Encoding Two PCN States in IP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
4.1.  Marking Packets  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
4.2.  Valid and Invalid Codepoint Transitions  . . . . . . . . .  6
4.3.  Rationale for Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
4.4.  PCN-Compatible Diffserv Codepoints . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
4.4.1.  Co-Existence of PCN and Not-PCN Traffic  . . . . . . .  8
5.  Rules for Experimental Encoding Schemes  . . . . . . . . . . .  8
6.  Backward Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
7.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
8.  Conclusions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Appendix A.  PCN Deployment Considerations (Informative) . . . . . 11
A.1.  Choice of Suitable DSCPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A.2.  Rationale for Using ECT(0) for Not-Marked  . . . . . . . . 12
Appendix B.  Co-Existence of PCN and ECN (Informative) . . . . . . 13
The objective of the Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) architecture [RFC5559] is to protect the quality of service (QoS) of inelastic flows within a Diffserv domain in a simple, scalable, and robust fashion. The overall rate of PCN-traffic is metered on every link in the PCN-domain, and PCN-packets are appropriately marked when certain configured rates are exceeded. These configured rates are below the rate of the link, thus providing notification before any congestion occurs (hence "Pre-Congestion Notification"). The level of marking allows the boundary nodes to make decisions about whether to admit or block a new flow request, and (in abnormal circumstances) whether to terminate some of the existing flows, thereby protecting the QoS of previously admitted flows.
This document specifies how these PCN-marks are encoded into the IP header by reusing the bits of the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) field [RFC3168]. It also describes how packets are identified as belonging to a PCN-flow. Some deployment models require two PCN encoding states, others require more. The baseline encoding described here only provides for two PCN encoding states. However, the encoding can be easily extended to provide more states. Rules for such extensions are given in Section 5.
2. Requirements Notation
3. Terminology and Abbreviations
3.1. Terminology
The terms PCN-capable, PCN-domain, PCN-node, PCN-interior-node, PCN-
ingress-node, PCN-egress-node, PCN-boundary-node, PCN-traffic, PCN-
packets and PCN-marking are used as defined in [RFC5559].  The
following additional terms are defined in this document:
PCN-compatible Diffserv codepoint - a Diffserv codepoint indicating packets for which the ECN field is used to carry PCN- markings rather than [RFC3168] markings.
PCN-marked codepoint - a codepoint that indicates packets that have been marked at a PCN-interior-node using some PCN-marking behaviour [RFC5670]. Abbreviated to PM.
Not-marked codepoint - a codepoint that indicates packets that are PCN-capable but that are not PCN-marked. Abbreviated to NM.
not-PCN codepoint - a codepoint that indicates packets that are not PCN-capable.
3.2. List of Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in this document:
AF = Assured Forwarding [RFC2597]
CE = Congestion Experienced [RFC3168]
CS = Class Selector [RFC2474]
DSCP = Diffserv codepoint
ECN = Explicit Congestion Notification [RFC3168]
ECT = ECN Capable Transport [RFC3168]
EF = Expedited Forwarding [RFC3246]
EXP = Experimental
NM = Not-marked
PCN = Pre-Congestion Notification
PM = PCN-marked
4. Encoding Two PCN States in IP
The PCN encoding states are defined using a combination of the DSCP and ECN fields within the IP header. The baseline PCN encoding closely follows the semantics of ECN [RFC3168]. It allows the encoding of two PCN states: Not-marked and PCN-marked. It also allows for traffic that is not PCN-capable to be marked as such (not- PCN). Given the scarcity of codepoints within the IP header, the baseline encoding leaves one codepoint free for experimental use. The following table defines how to encode these states in IP:
+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------+
| ECN codepoint |   Not-ECT   | ECT(0) (10) | ECT(1) (01) | CE (11) |
|               |     (00)    |             |             |         |
|     DSCP n    |   not-PCN   |      NM     |     EXP     |    PM   |
Table 1: Encoding PCN in IP
In the table above, DSCP n is a PCN-compatible Diffserv codepoint (see Section 4.4) and EXP means available for Experimental use. N.B. we deliberately reserve this codepoint for experimental use only (and not local use) to prevent future compatibility issues.
The following rules apply to all PCN-traffic:
PCN-traffic MUST be marked with a PCN-compatible Diffserv codepoint. To conserve DSCPs, Diffserv codepoints SHOULD be chosen that are already defined for use with admission-controlled traffic. Appendix A.1 gives guidance to implementors on suitable DSCPs. Guidelines for mixing traffic types within a PCN-domain are given in [RFC5670].
Any packet arriving at the PCN-ingress-node that shares a PCN- compatible DSCP and is not a PCN-packet MUST be marked as not-PCN within the PCN-domain.
If a packet arrives at the PCN-ingress-node with its ECN field already set to a value other than not-ECT, then appropriate action MUST be taken to meet the requirements of [RFC3168]. The simplest appropriate action is to just drop such packets. However, this is a drastic action that an operator may feel is undesirable. Appendix B provides more information and summarises other alternative actions that might be taken.
4.1. Marking Packets
[RFC5670] states that any encoding scheme document must specify the required action to take if one of the marking algorithms indicates that a packet needs to be marked. For the baseline encoding scheme, the required action is simply as follows:
If a marking algorithm indicates the need to mark a PCN-packet, then that packet MUST have its PCN codepoint set to 11, PCN- marked.
4.2. Valid and Invalid Codepoint Transitions
A PCN-ingress-node MUST set the Not-marked (10) codepoint on any arriving packet that belongs to a PCN-flow. It MUST set the not-PCN (00) codepoint on all other packets sharing a PCN-compatible Diffserv codepoint.
The only valid codepoint transitions within a PCN-interior-node are from NM to PM (which should occur if either meter indicates a need to PCN-mark a packet [RFC5670]) and from EXP to PM. PCN-nodes that only implement the baseline encoding MUST be able to PCN-mark packets that arrive with the EXP codepoint. This should ease the design of experimental schemes that want to allow partial deployment of experimental nodes alongside nodes that only implement the baseline encoding. The following table gives the full set of valid and invalid codepoint transitions.
+-------------------------------------------------+
|                  Codepoint Out                  |
+--------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Codepoint in | not-PCN(00) |   NM(10)  |  EXP(01)  |   PM(11)  |
|  not-PCN(00) |    Valid    | Not valid | Not valid | Not valid |
|       NM(10) |  Not valid  |   Valid   | Not valid |   Valid   |
|     EXP(01)* |  Not valid  | Not valid |   Valid   |   Valid   |
|       PM(11) |  Not valid  | Not valid | Not valid |   Valid   |
* This MAY cause an alarm to be raised at a management layer.
See paragraph above for an explanation of this transition.
Table 2: Valid and Invalid Codepoint Transitions for
PCN-Packets at PCN-Interior-Nodes
The codepoint transition constraints given here apply only to the baseline encoding scheme. Constraints on codepoint transitions for future experimental schemes are discussed in Section 5.
A PCN-egress-node SHOULD set the not-PCN (00) codepoint on all packets it forwards out of the PCN-domain. The only exception to this is if the PCN-egress-node is certain that revealing other codepoints outside the PCN-domain won't contravene the guidance given in [RFC4774]. For instance, if the PCN-ingress-node has explicitly informed the PCN-egress-node that this flow is ECN-capable, then it might be safe to expose other codepoints.
4.3. Rationale for Encoding
The exact choice of encoding was dictated by the constraints imposed by existing IETF RFCs, in particular [RFC3168], [RFC4301], and [RFC4774]. One of the tightest constraints was the need for any PCN encoding to survive being tunnelled through either an IP-in-IP tunnel or an IPsec Tunnel. [ECN-TUN] explains this in more detail. The main effect of this constraint is that any PCN-marking has to carry the 11 codepoint in the ECN field since this is the only codepoint that is guaranteed to be copied down into the forwarded header upon decapsulation. An additional constraint is the need to minimise the use of Diffserv codepoints because there is a limited supply of Standards Track codepoints remaining. Section 4.4 explains how we have minimised this still further by reusing pre-existing Diffserv codepoint(s) such that non-PCN-traffic can still be distinguished from PCN-traffic.
There are a number of factors that were considered before choosing to set 10 as the NM state instead of 01. These included similarity to ECN, presence of tunnels within the domain, leakage into and out of the PCN-domain, and incremental deployment (see Appendix A.2).
The encoding scheme above seems to meet all these constraints and ends up looking very similar to ECN. This is perhaps not surprising given the similarity in architectural intent between PCN and ECN.
4.4. PCN-Compatible Diffserv Codepoints
Equipment complying with the baseline PCN encoding MUST allow PCN to be enabled for certain Diffserv codepoints. This document defines the term "PCN-compatible Diffserv codepoint" for such a DSCP. To be clear, any packets with such a DSCP will be PCN-enabled only if they are within a PCN-domain and have their ECN field set to indicate a codepoint other than not-PCN.
Enabling PCN-marking behaviour for a specific DSCP disables any other marking behaviour (e.g., enabling PCN replaces the default ECN marking behaviour introduced in [RFC3168]) with the PCN-metering and -marking behaviours described in [RFC5670]). This ensures compliance with the Best Current Practice (BCP) guidance set out in [RFC4774].
The PCN working group has chosen not to define a single DSCP for use with PCN for several reasons. Firstly, the PCN mechanism is applicable to a variety of different traffic classes. Secondly, Standards Track DSCPs are in increasingly short supply. Thirdly, PCN is not a scheduling behaviour -- rather, it should be seen as being essentially a marking behaviour similar to ECN but intended for inelastic traffic. More details are given in the informational Appendix A.1.
4.4.1. Co-Existence of PCN and Not-PCN Traffic
The scarcity of pool 1 DSCPs, coupled with the fact that PCN is envisaged as a marking behaviour that could be applied to a number of different DSCPs, makes it essential that we provide a not-PCN state. As stated above (and expanded in Appendix A.1), the aim is for PCN to re-use existing DSCPs. Because PCN redefines the meaning of the ECN field for such DSCPs, it is important to allow an operator to still use the DSCP for non-PCN-traffic. This is achieved by providing a not-PCN state within the encoding scheme. Section 3.5 of [RFC5559] discusses how competing-non-PCN-traffic should be handled.
5. Rules for Experimental Encoding Schemes
Any experimental encoding scheme MUST follow these rules to ensure backward compatibility with this baseline scheme:
All PCN-interior-nodes within a PCN-domain MUST interpret the 00 codepoint in the ECN field as not-PCN and MUST NOT change it to another value. Therefore, a PCN-ingress-node wishing to disable PCN-marking for a packet with a PCN-compatible Diffserv codepoint MUST set the ECN field to 00.
The 11 codepoint in the ECN field MUST indicate that the packet has been PCN-marked as the result of one or both of the meters indicating a need to PCN-mark a packet [RFC5670]. The experimental scheme MUST define which meter(s) trigger this marking.
The 01 Experimental codepoint in the ECN field MAY mean PCN-marked or it MAY carry some other meaning. However, any experimental scheme MUST define its meaning in the context of that experiment.
If both the 01 and 11 codepoints are being used to indicate PCN- marked, then the 11 codepoint MUST be taken to be the more severe marking and the choice of which meter sets which mark MUST be defined.
Once set, the 11 codepoint in the ECN field MUST NOT be changed to any other codepoint.
Any experimental scheme MUST include details of all valid and invalid codepoint transitions at any PCN-nodes.
6. Backward Compatibility
BCP 124 [RFC4774] gives guidelines for specifying alternative semantics for the ECN field. It sets out a number of factors to be taken into consideration. It also suggests various techniques to allow the co-existence of default ECN and alternative ECN semantics. The baseline encoding specified in this document defines PCN- compatible Diffserv codepoints as no longer supporting the default ECN semantics. As such, this document is compatible with BCP 124.
On its own, this baseline encoding cannot support both ECN marking end-to-end (e2e) and PCN-marking within a PCN-domain. It is possible to do this by carrying e2e ECN across a PCN-domain within the inner header of an IP-in-IP tunnel, or by using a richer encoding such as the proposed experimental scheme in [PCN-ENC].
In any PCN deployment, traffic can only enter the PCN-domain through PCN-ingress-nodes and leave through PCN-egress-nodes. PCN-ingress- nodes ensure that any packets entering the PCN-domain have the ECN field in their outermost IP header set to the appropriate PCN codepoint. PCN-egress-nodes then guarantee that the ECN field of any packet leaving the PCN-domain has the correct ECN semantics. This prevents unintended leakage of ECN marks into or out of the PCN- domain, and thus reduces backward-compatibility issues.
PCN-marking only carries a meaning within the confines of a PCN- domain. This encoding document is intended to stand independently of the architecture used to determine how specific packets are authorised to be PCN-marked, which will be described in separate documents on PCN-boundary-node behaviour.
This document assumes the PCN-domain to be entirely under the control of a single operator, or a set of operators who trust each other. However, future extensions to PCN might include inter-domain versions where trust cannot be assumed between domains. If such schemes are proposed, they must ensure that they can operate securely despite the lack of trust. However, such considerations are beyond the scope of this document.
One potential security concern is the injection of spurious PCN-marks into the PCN-domain. However, these can only enter the domain if a PCN-ingress-node is misconfigured. The precise impact of any such misconfiguration will depend on which of the proposed PCN-boundary- node behaviour schemes is used, but in general spurious marks will lead to admitting fewer flows into the domain or potentially terminating too many flows. In either case, good management should be able to quickly spot the problem since the overall utilisation of the domain will rapidly fall.
This document defines the baseline PCN encoding, utilising a combination of a PCN-compatible DSCP and the ECN field in the IP header. This baseline encoding allows the existence of two PCN encoding states: Not-marked and PCN-marked. It also allows for the co-existence of competing traffic within the same DSCP, so long as that traffic does not require ECN support within the PCN-domain. The encoding scheme is conformant with [RFC4774]. The working group has chosen not to define a single DSCP for use with PCN. The rationale for this decision along with advice relating to the choice of suitable DSCPs can be found in Appendix A.1.
This document builds extensively on work done in the PCN working group by Kwok Ho Chan, Georgios Karagiannis, Philip Eardley, Anna Charny, Joe Babiarz, and others. Thanks to Ruediger Geib and Gorry Fairhurst for providing detailed comments on this document.
[RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
[RFC3168]  Ramakrishnan, K., Floyd, S., and D. Black, "The Addition
of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP",
RFC 3168, September 2001.
[RFC4774]  Floyd, S., "Specifying Alternate Semantics for the
Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Field", BCP 124,
RFC 4774, November 2006.
[RFC5670]  Eardley, P., Ed., "Metering and Marking Behaviour of PCN-
Nodes", RFC 5670, November 2009.
[ECN-TUN]  Briscoe, B., "Tunnelling of Explicit Congestion
Notification", Work in Progress, July 2009.
[PCN-ENC]  Moncaster, T., Briscoe, B., and M. Menth, "A PCN encoding
using 2 DSCPs to provide 3 or more states", Work
in Progress, April 2009.
[RFC2474]  Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black,
"Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS
Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474,
[RFC2597]  Heinanen, J., Baker, F., Weiss, W., and J. Wroclawski,
"Assured Forwarding PHB Group", RFC 2597, June 1999.
[RFC3246]  Davie, B., Charny, A., Bennet, J., Benson, K., Le Boudec,
J., Courtney, W., Davari, S., Firoiu, V., and D.
Stiliadis, "An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop
Behavior)", RFC 3246, March 2002.
[RFC3540]  Spring, N., Wetherall, D., and D. Ely, "Robust Explicit
Congestion Notification (ECN) Signaling with Nonces",
RFC 3540, June 2003.
[RFC4301]  Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.
[RFC4594]  Babiarz, J., Chan, K., and F. Baker, "Configuration
Guidelines for DiffServ Service Classes", RFC 4594,
[RFC5127]  Chan, K., Babiarz, J., and F. Baker, "Aggregation of
DiffServ Service Classes", RFC 5127, February 2008.
[RFC5559]  Eardley, P., "Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN)
Architecture", RFC 5559, June 2009.
Appendix A. PCN Deployment Considerations (Informative)
A.1. Choice of Suitable DSCPs
The PCN working group chose not to define a single DSCP for use with PCN for several reasons. Firstly, the PCN mechanism is applicable to a variety of different traffic classes. Secondly, Standards Track DSCPs are in increasingly short supply. Thirdly, PCN is not a scheduling behaviour -- rather, it should be seen as being a marking behaviour similar to ECN but intended for inelastic traffic. The choice of which DSCP is most suitable for a given PCN-domain is dependent on the nature of the traffic entering that domain and the link rates of all the links making up that domain. In PCN-domains with sufficient aggregation, the appropriate DSCPs would currently be those for the Real-Time Treatment Aggregate [RFC5127]. The PCN working group suggests using admission control for the following service classes (defined in [RFC4594]):
Telephony (EF)
Real-time interactive (CS4)
Broadcast Video (CS3)
Multimedia Conferencing (AF4)
CS5 is excluded from this list since PCN is not expected to be applied to signalling traffic.
PCN-marking is intended to provide a scalable admission-control mechanism for traffic with a high degree of statistical multiplexing. PCN-marking would therefore be appropriate to apply to traffic in the above classes, but only within a PCN-domain containing sufficiently aggregated traffic. In such cases, the above service classes may well all be subject to a single forwarding treatment (treatment aggregate [RFC5127]). However, this does not imply all such IP traffic would necessarily be identified by one DSCP -- each service class might keep a distinct DSCP within the highly aggregated region [RFC5127].
Additional service classes may be defined for which admission control is appropriate, whether through some future standards action or through local use by certain operators, e.g., the Multimedia Streaming service class (AF3). This document does not preclude the use of PCN in more cases than those listed above.
Note: The above discussion is informative not normative, as operators are ultimately free to decide whether to use admission control for certain service classes and whether to use PCN as their mechanism of choice.
A.2. Rationale for Using ECT(0) for Not-Marked
The choice of which ECT codepoint to use for the Not-marked state was based on the following considerations:
o  [RFC3168] full-functionality tunnel within the PCN-domain: Either
ECT is safe.
Leakage of traffic into PCN-domain: Because of the lack of take-up of the ECN nonce [RFC3540], leakage of ECT(1) is less likely to occur and so might be considered safer.
Leakage of traffic out of PCN-domain: Either ECT is equally unsafe (since this would incorrectly indicate the traffic was ECN-capable outside the controlled PCN-domain).
Incremental deployment: Either codepoint is suitable, providing that the codepoints are used consistently.
Conceptual consistency with other schemes: ECT(0) is conceptually consistent with [RFC3168].
Overall, this seemed to suggest that ECT(0) was most appropriate to use.
Appendix B. Co-Existence of PCN and ECN (Informative)
This baseline encoding scheme redefines the ECN codepoints within the PCN-domain. As packets with a PCN-compatible DSCP leave the PCN- domain, their ECN field is reset to not-ECT (00). This is a problem for the operator if packets with a PCN-compatible DSCP arrive at the PCN-domain with any ECN codepoint other than not-ECN. If the ECN- codepoint is ECT(0) (10) or ECT(1) (01), resetting the ECN field to 00 effectively turns off end-to-end ECN. This is undesirable as it removes the benefits of ECN, but [RFC3168] states that it is no worse than dropping the packet. However, if a packet was marked with CE (11), resetting the ECN field to 00 at the PCN egress node violates the rule that CE-marks must never be lost except as a result of packet drop [RFC3168].
A number of options exist to overcome this issue. The most appropriate option will depend on the circumstances and has to be a decision for the operator. The definition of the action is beyond the scope of this document, but we briefly explain the four broad categories of solution below: tunnelling the packets, using an extended encoding scheme, signalling to the end systems to stop using ECN, or re-marking packets to a different DSCP.
Tunnelling the packets across the PCN-domain (for instance, in an IP-in-IP tunnel from the PCN-ingress-node to the PCN-egress-node) preserves the original ECN marking on the inner header.
An extended encoding scheme can be designed that preserves the original ECN codepoints. For instance, if the PCN-egress-node can determine from the PCN codepoint what the original ECN codepoint was, then it can reset the packet to that codepoint. [PCN-ENC] partially achieves this but is unable to recover ECN markings if the packet is PCN-marked in the PCN-domain.
Explicit signalling to the end systems can indicate to the source that ECN cannot be used on this path (because it does not support ECN and PCN at the same time). Dropping the packet can be thought of as a form of silent signal to the source, as it will see any ECT-marked packets it sends being dropped.
Packets that are not part of a PCN-flow but which share a PCN- compatible DSCP can be re-marked to a different local-use DSCP at the PCN-ingress-node with the original DSCP restored at the PCN- egress. This preserves the ECN codepoint on these packets but relies on there being spare local-use DSCPs within the PCN-domain.
Toby Moncaster
B54/70, Adastral Park
Martlesham Heath
Ipswich  IP5 3RE
EMail: toby.moncaster@bt.com
Bob Briscoe
EMail: bob.briscoe@bt.com
Michael Menth
Am Hubland
Wuerzburg  D-97074
EMail: menth@informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de
Obsoleted by


text:
Snoop Conner
Photo courtesy UM Athletics
By Bryan Flynn
The University of Mississippi enjoyed its first 10-win regular season in school history. Head coach Lane Kiffin brought his high-powered offense to Oxford and retooled the defense in just this second season.
Success is a double-edge sword as it brings wins to the program but means players sometimes leave early for the NFL. The Rebels are in the midst of several offensive players having declared for the 2022 NFL Draft.
Quarterback Matt Corral made his intentions known to leave UM for the NFL before the Rebels final home game of the season. The record-setting quarterback was injured early in the Sugar Bowl against Baylor University.
Another key piece to the Rebels offense has also declared for the NFL Draft. Running back Snoop Conner is leaving after his junior season, and his departure leaves the Rebels then at the position.
Conner finished second on the team in rushing this season with 647 yards on 130 carries with 13 touchdowns. He caught 14 passes for 89 yards but didn't find the end zone as a receiver.
The Hattiesburg, Miss., native burst onto the scene in 2019 as he ran for 512 yards on 81 carries with five touchdowns. He caught just six passes for 60 yards and no touchdowns.
His second season with the Rebels in 2020 saw him rushing for 421 yards on 93 carries with eight touchdowns. He added 82 yards on 12 receptions without a touchdown through the air.
Leading rusher Jerrion Ealy has also declared for the NFL Draft. He along with Conner and Corral accounted for a good deal of the Rebels' offensive production.
UM will have to rebuild its back field heading into the 2022 season. Three major playmakers are leaving the program after helping rebuild it under Kiffin.
Conner now will turn his attention to the 2022 NFL Combine and any on campus workouts before the draft. He will look to improve his draft stock and rise up the draft boards with his pre-draft workouts.
The 2022 NFL Draft will be held in Los Vegas from April 28 to April 30. It will be the 87th NFL Draft in the history of the league. College football players at least three years out of high school are eligible for the NFL Draft.
Underclassmen have until Monday, Jan. 17, to declare for the draft. A list of approved underclassmen will be released to all 32 NFL teams on Friday, Jan. 21.
Read more sports coverage at jfp.ms/sports.


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Without a web site address to call home, a business is homeless. It's seen by customers as the equivalent of working with a computer in the dusty corner of the garage near the clothes dryer lint trap. Many small business owners start this way, working out of a P.O. Box and sharing the family phone line with a teenage daughter who believes that talking to her BFF is far more important than business calls on that phone line.
Face it, it's time to buy that $9.99 domain name and start down the road to business legitimacy. Just as we have gone from "Do you have a fax machine?" to "What is your fax number?", so too are we moving rapidly away from "Do you have a web site?" toward "What is your web address?". How is it that we accept the need for the fax machine, the copy machine, the phone and the computer, but not a web site?
Every business is expected to be online, just as they are expected to have a telephone and a fax and an answering machine. Size will always determine resource allocation. Hire a professional if you can, but get online now!
The first step to getting your business Online is to get a domain name, which is typically your business name or generic word or phrase and includes the famous dot com, dot net, and .org extensions. Here's a complete tutorial on Domain Names to help you learn everything about choosing a name for your web site and how domain names work to help you navigate the web.
Or, you could just research a domain name now, buy it today and grow your business.


text:
NFL Player Quinton Carter Charged with Swindling Casino
Posted on: March 18, 2013, 03:12h.
Last updated on: March 19, 2013, 10:46h.
Katie Barlowe Read More
NFL player and Denver Broncos safety Quinton Carter faces up to 18 years in prison after being arrested last week for allegedly cheating at a Nevada casino. He's been charged with 3 counts of committing a fraudulent act in a gaming establishment, each of which carries a possible prison sentence of one to six years, and fine of up to $10,000.
It's alleged that while playing $5 craps at the Texas Station casino in Las Vegas, Carter added chips to his bets on three separate occasions after the dice had been rolled. Security officials assert they have video evidence showing Carter committing the fraudulent act, while Carter maintains his innocence and denied any wrongdoing to police upon their arrival.
The 24-year-old Carter was a fourth-round draft pick of the Denver Broncos in 2011 and made his debut in the NFL with the Broncos that same season, starting ten games. He missed most of the 2012 season with a knee injury however, which he is still in the process of rehabilitating.
It's not the first time Carter has found himself in trouble with the law. In 2011 he pled guilty to a misdemeanor marijuana charge and agreed to counseling, which he subsequently failed to complete. He now faces a warrant charge for failure to complete counseling as a result.
Carter released a statement a few days after his arrest in Las Vegas in which he said:
"I am fully confident that when the facts come out, I will be cleared. I am truly sorry for the negative attention this has brought the Broncos, our fans and the league. I am fully focused on getting 100 percent healthy and making a positive impact on the Broncos this year."
Carter also posted on Twitter: "Truly sorry for any negative attention this has brought to the Broncos, our fans and the league".
The Broncos organization is looking into the matter, and Carter may face additional disciplinary action from the team. It is unknown whether the NFL is also looking into it.
Charges Dismissed Against Bronco's Safety Quinton Carter; Bail Forfeited
Modesto Raid Reveals Illegal Online Gambling and Prostitution
Fake VIP Room Hoax Henchmen Sentenced in Macau
Las Vegas Sports Books Win Big with $119 Million Wagered on Super Bowl
Sydney Approves Packer Plan for Crown Ltd. Casino Expansion
Katie Barlowe — April 24, 2013
David Sheldon — April 5, 2013
David Sheldon — February 5, 2014


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This is version 8, from 4 years ago.


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