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Blog > STEMStories
#STEMStories: Apiwe, Technology Commercialization Specialist, South Africa
Name: Apiwe Hotele
Role/Occupation: Technology Commercialization Specialist at SARAO, Founder of the Enlighten tutoring app and the IMBASA programme
Apiwe Hotele works as a technology commercialisation specialist at the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO). Her duties involve introducing new products made at SARAO to the market as well as initiating development projects in the Northern Cape, where the famous MeerKAT telescope is located. One of Hotele's biggest achievements was designing and building the multi-sensory monitoring system for the MeerKAT telescope's oil-immersed and liquid-cooled grid supercomputer; she said that "seeing the system work and knowing that I built it from scratch is quite an accomplishment for me personally."
Surprisingly, Hotele never considered computer science as a career path, " I did not even know it [computers] existed. I used to see computers but I did not know the theory behind them". Initially, she aspired to be a medical doctor, however due to the poor educational facilities in her disadvantaged community, she was unable to qualify to study medicine. Her dreams were shattered and she was depressed. Incidentally at that point when she would fetch water from the communal tap she would meet students with similar grievances due to the lack of appropriate educators and she reach the realisation that she was not alone, "from that day onwards I made a promise to myself that I would improve the mathematics and science situation in disadvantaged communities." She would always wonder, "how could I ensure that students from rural areas receive quality tutoring in mathematics and science?" And then she found a solution and created the Enlighten app, an online tutoring application that offers remote tutoring services to disadvantaged communities in mathematics and science. She still gets excited whenever she thinks about it, "I cannot explain how I feel every time I think about this, the technology is designed specifically for their needs."
Hotele's biggest motivation is her six year old daughter and she works hard to ensure that her daughter grows up in an enriching environment, "I would fail as a mother if my daughter has to face the same problems I faced because I could not do anything about them." Another source of inspiration to her are the many opportunities now available that were previously withheld from people of colour during Apartheid; she feels that "one thing that our freedom fighters left us with is access, we have access to things they did not have access to. It is our duty to carefully choose what we do with this access and to ensure that we open doors wide enough for future generations to enter freely."
Hotele likens being a woman in STEM to being on a rollercoaster ride with alternating good and bad days and feels that as such your responsibilities extend beyond your workspace to society as a whole, "other women look at you and admire you, some look at you and think "well do you really think you can do it?" Then you get men who are generally okay and men who judge you and think you are trying to prove a point. You constantly have to prove yourself merely because you are a young black female engineer/scientist." Her thoughts with regards to women entering the STEM field is that "there is still a long way to go, but women are coming together from all parts of the world to create an environment that accommodates females, so please do not be discouraged by the environment… it's not about how long it takes to get to the finish line, it's about the process of getting there… Walk your journey with pride and never compare yourself with others."
She initiated #Breakingthestereotype at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, an annual event focused on motivating young female scientists and engineers. Through this event, Hotele aims "to dismantle the mind set that science/engineering is for an elite few. Science is for hard workers, ambitious and dedicated people. It has nothing to do with gender or colour."
Without a doubt she believes that Africa is a land of opportunity and she personally feels that "the continent is making a steady progress but… we need to move faster, there is a lot to be done. The fourth industrial revolution is here!" She also shares her thoughts on the four areas that Africa as a continent needs to focus on namely, data scientists and data analysts, education technology, agriculture and entrepreneurship. These points were discussed in further detail during the interview.
Read further to engage more closely with 'Geeky Girl' Apiwe Hotele's ideas as she shines her telescopic vision on the world of STEM, a vision possibly more inspiring than the one provided by the famous MeerKAT telescope which she helped to construct.
1. Describe what your work entails.
I work as a technology commercialisation specialist at the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO). My job involves introducing new products produced at SARAO to the market as well as initiating development projects in the Northern Cape, where the MeerKAT telescope is located. Prior to that I worked as science processing developer where I built a novel multi-sensory monitoring system for monitoring an environmentally ruggedized container for the MeerKAT telescope's oil-immersed and liquid-cooled grid supercomputer. I am passionate about science education as well as creating awareness in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) industry and motivating students from previously disadvantaged communities to pursue careers in mathematics and science. I am the founder of Enlighten Tutoring, an online tutoring application that offers remote tutoring services to disadvantaged communities in mathematics and science for Grades 8 to 12. I initiated the IMBASA programme together with the Science Data Processing Team at SARAO. The aim of the programme is to motivate students from disadvantaged communities to not only pursue careers in mathematics and science but also to provide academic and financial support to these students.
2. Describe your engineering/STEM journey.
Growing up computer science was never in my mind, I did not even know it existed. I used to see computers but I did not know the theory behind them. Growing up I wanted to be a medical doctor, however my dream was shattered in January 2010. I did not have a constant mathematics and physical science teacher from Grade 10- 12 due to this my physics marks were not that great, so I did not qualify to study medicine. This was really depressing for me; coincidentally during that time when I would fetch water from the community tap, I would meet students who would complain about how difficult maths was and how they wanted to quit physics because they did not have educators in those subjects. Suddenly, I realised that I was not alone. There were many other students going through what I was going through - and worse. From that day onwards I made a promise to myself that I would improve the mathematics and science situation in disadvantaged communities.
3. What excites you about your job? What motivates you to get out of bed every morning?
I wake up every morning because I have a six year old daughter, it is my role as her mother to ensure that she grows up in an environment that allows her to grow and prosper. I would fail as a mother if my daughter has to face the same problems I faced because I could not do anything about them. I am excited that times have changed, it is no secret that there is a lot of inequality in South Africa because of apartheid, one thing that our freedom fighters left us with is access, we have access to things they did not have access to. It is our duty to carefully choose what we do with this access and ensure that whatever we do we open doors wide enough for future generations to enter freely.
4. How would you describe your experience as a woman in the engineering/STEM space?
A rollercoaster ride, some days are better than others while some are worse. There is still a lot of patriarchy in our society, the mind set of both males and females still need to be transformed. It is more difficult for me because I am right at the bottom, the order is as follows: white men,black men, white women and lastly the black women. All of these people are stepping on top of you, sometimes black women step on top of black women so it's still a bit messy. Being a female scientist/engineer goes beyond your work space to your society and your personal life. Other women look at you and admire you, some look at you and think "well do you really think you can do it?" Then you get men who are generally okay and men who judge you and think you are trying to prove a point. You constantly have to prove yourself merely because you are a young black female engineer/scientist. In 2016, I represented women in science at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) University of Cape Town (UCT) branch, where I initiated #Breakingthestereotype, an annual event focused on motivating young female scientists and engineers studying at the institution. My aim is to dismantle the mind set that science/engineering is for an elite few. Science is for hard workers, ambitious and dedicated people. It has nothing to do with gender or colour.
5. What advice would you give to young women aspiring to enter the engineering/ STEM field?
It takes one person with a dream, passion and perseverance to change the world. It is time for us to come up with solutions and not point fingers. In the words of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf: "If your dreams do not scare you, they are not big enough." As far as the STEM field is concerned there is still a long way to go, but women are coming together from all parts of the world to create an environment that accommodates females, so please do not be discouraged by the environment. The journey is lengthy and hard; perseverance and patience are key. Obstacles are ingredients of success, it's not about how long it takes to get to the finish line, it's about the process of getting there, the strength and courage you get by getting there. Walk your journey with pride and never compare yourself with others.
6. As a STEM woman in Africa, how do you foresee the growth and progress of STEM on the continent? Is Africa a "land of opportunity"?
Definitely, there is no doubt Africa is a land of opportunity, personally I think the continent is making a steady progress but I feel we need to move faster, there is a lot to be done. The fourth industrial revolution is here! Personally, I feel there are four areas we need to focus on as a continent:
A.) We need data scientists and data analysts: In order to achieve this we need to ensure that learners have a good foundation in mathematics and science. This sadly links back to our education system which needs to change not only for mathematics and science but for other fields as well.
B.) Education technology: We need to start looking at ways to integrate or fuse the traditional teaching method with technology. We have started doing this already but we need to do more.
C.) Agriculture: We have so much land and a lot of emerging farmers that lack business skills and need access to markets. We need to work on this fast.
D.) Entrepreneurship: We need to foster entrepreneurship from a young age, students in high school or tertiary education need to think beyond just an invention or just research to include how they can make a change in society and profit through their invention.
7. Have there been any milestone moments or eureka moments in your career?
There are quite a few milestone moments in my career but two stand out. When I designed and built the multi-sensory monitoring system for monitoring an environmentally ruggedized container for the MeerKAT telescope's oil-immersed and liquid-cooled grid supercomputer. Seeing the system work and knowing that I built it from scratch is quite an accomplishment for me personally. The second one is the online tutoring app Enlighten. Ever since I completed Grade 12, I'd always wonder, how could I ensure that students from rural areas receive quality tutoring in mathematics and science? I have the solution, the Enlighten app. I cannot explain how I feel every time I think about this, the technology is designed specifically for their needs.
8. How do you maintain a work-life balance?
Well this is one aspect of my life that I am still failing at, I focus too much on work and forget to live and enjoy life. I aspire to go to the gym even though I've already paid the monthly membership fees. I have not mastered the art of balance yet but because I have started thinking about it, I will start changing it. Ideally, I would like to spend more time with my family and loved ones and I also want to spend more time doing what I enjoy doing and not on what I have to do.
9. Who is your role model? Who inspires you?
My parents inspire me, they both came from disadvantaged backgrounds and they managed to be successful educators. I am also inspired by Malala Yousafzai, the young Pakistani activist for female education. She stood up for what she believed in.
10. Where can more information or insight into your work be found?
http://ysa.mg.co.za/2018/apiwe-hotele/
http://enlightentutoring.co.za/
https://www.linkedin.com/in/apiwe-hotele-42193688/
https://apiwe2012.wixsite.com/website
https://www.biznews.com/good-hope-project/2017/09/22/aphiwe-hotele-ska-computer-servers-liquid-oil/
Facebook: Aphiwe Patience Hotele
Instagram: apiwe_hotele
Apiwe Hotele interviewed by Dhruti Dheda
Dhruti Dheda is a Chemical Engineer with a strong interest in media and communication. She is the editor of the Engineers without Borders South Africa Newsletter and the Community Manager – South Africa and Regional Outreach for Geeky Girl Reality. If you wish to collaborate or network, contact her at dhruti@geekyreality.com or find her on twitter @dhrutidd


This dialog opens to allow you to connect to a data file or database.
File - provides database access to flat and file based database tables. Use this tab to navigate through the file system to connect to DBase, FoxPro, MS Access, Excel, text files, etc. Use this option for fixed length files also called positional files.
OLEDB - OLEDB is a standard way to access different database systems, which expose their functionality through OLEDB providers. Use this tab to connect to a number of relational databases such as SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, DB2 and many others. An OLEDB provider for a particular database should be installed n your computer in order to use OLEDB connectivity. The OLEDB providers tree is located on the left side of the OLEDB tab. It shows all the available OLEDB providers and enumerators on your computer. If you have added a new driver and you don't see it on the list, hit F5 to refresh the list.
ODBC - ODBC is another (older) standard to access relational and flat database systems. ODBC drivers can provide access to the same databases as OLEDB (SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, DB2, etc.). ODBC drivers tree is located on the left side of the ODBC tab. It shows all the ODBC data sources available on your computer. Use "ODBC Data Source Administrator" from the Administrative tools on your computer to create new and modify existing ODBC connections. If you have added a new driver and you don't see it on the list, hit F5 to refresh the list.
Data object creator - has the same capabilities as data object, but also allows the modification and creation of the table or file. Data Object Creator provides a user interface to define the structure for a new table or file.
Data source - is a sub-object of a data object, but can be instantiated independently, provides database connection information and allows running of SQL commands against the connected database resource.


If I had a dollar, every time someone said if I had a dollar, I'd have two dollars to give them to shut them the hell up. Yes, I know this is a run-on-sentence . . . here's your two dollars.
My brain works in mysterious ways that even I don't understand. I now have "If I Had a Hammer" going through my cerebral cells.
Please don't offer to give me two hammers. Thank you.
Kathy, if I had a dollar every time I had if I had a hammer stuck in my brain . . . lol!
LOL, I totally agree Donna, keep dem dollars rolling in, Caribbeans here we come!!! But I'll keep $2 to give to Pete to shut him the hell up!
Hmm… If I only had a 21 year old nymphomaniac, contortionist, heiress a billion dollar fortune every time someone said… Oh, never mind, it'll never work.


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Predictable fishing?
Posted on March 29, 2014 By Jim Hendrick
At the sitting of the Dungarvan District Court on Wednesday 26th March 2014, Mr. Arthur Daly, Dungarvan, County Waterford was prosecuted by Inland Fisheries Ireland (IFI) for illegal netting of salmon on the river Colligan, Dungarvan. Mr. Daly pleaded guilty to breaches of Sections 94(1), 96(1) and 97(2) of the 1959 Act as amended.
Mr. Jason Moran, Fisheries Officer with IFI, told Judge Terrance Finn that while on a routine patrol at approximately 9pm on the evening of the 20th of August 2013, he and three other fishery officers observed Mr. Daly and an accomplice setting two nets in a pool in the river and throwing stones in the pool to drive fish into the nets. The fish had no chance to escape as they were trapped between the two nets and were being forced into the nets by the action of Mr. Daly throwing stones at the fish. Mr. Daly and his accomplice had already succeeded in netting two salmon which were in Mr. Dalys bag.
The river Colligan is a very important wild salmon and sea trout river but is only open for catch and release angling for salmon in an attempt to conserve the salmon population. Illegal fishing activity, particularly netting activities have potentially devastating consequences for fish stocks.
Judge Terrance Finn convicted Mr. Daly and imposed fines totalling €2,000.00 and awarded legal costs of €997.39 and expenses of €597.64 to Inland Fisheries Ireland.
…Ends… Source – http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/Press-releases/man-prosecuted-for-illegal-netting-of-salmon-on-the-river-colligan-dungravan.html
Congratulations to the IFI.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Pour L'Amour De La Nation (For The Love Of The Nation)
Posted on July 31, 2017 April 22, 2019 by gskaye
Individualism, patriotism, nationalism?…A spectre of human interpretations of the world around us – each one a potential danger. Maybe I have no sense of patriotism due to my upbringing – loving two cultures and living in a third. However, more importantly, the world I live in is my representation and no-one else's.
For Donald Trump, 'When you open your heart to patriotism, there is no room for prejudice', but it is much more likely that when you close your mind to prejudice, there is no room for patriotism. But what is patriotism anyway, and what is the definition of a nation? Would you defend your nation in the same way that you would your family, or indeed yourself?
Is this what patriotism should sound like?
Arise children of the fatherland
The day of glory has arrived
Against us tyranny's
Bloody standard is raised
Listen to the sound in the fields
The howling of these fearsome soldiers
They are coming into our midst
To cut the throats of your sons and consorts
To arms citizens Form your battalions
March, march
Let impure blood
Water our furrows
The music still sends shivers down my spine because I have been conditioned – like every French citizen – to associate the notes of the anthem with a country that I love. France not only fought its way out of a regime that starved its people, but showed the path of reason to the rest of Europe. When I hear the Marseillaise, it reminds me that I have had a French upbringing that I am proud of and love. But what should I do? Should I sing vociferously a chant so rich in words of violence and hate, or should I quietly reflect on the privilege I have being able to benefit from French culture and my being officially recognised as a citizen of the French republic. Of course, the verses of the French national anthem should be heard in the context of the French revolution, but today's world is different, and the same words could be sung as rhetoric by Islamic fundamentalists fighting for all that Isis believes in.
And what about my motherland, that I also love, whose culture I have also inherited, and whose national flag, the Union Jack, I consider to be the most elegant flag in the world? Its anthem is also no carrier of peace, and summons the heavens for help in sending the sovereign to victory against the enemy.
But every individual needs to feel part of a common project that is worth defending, and citizenship is an intrinsic and important part of what each one of us is. Our citizenship defines us and must not be relinquished or abused. Without a meaningful citizenship, individualism – in the sense of not caring about the other and the common land – leads to isolation, solitude, resentment and hate. It is a hidden but constant threat to our societies – beginning in the family and crossing the districts, to finish its race in the most remote city of the country which nobody can give a name to. However, extreme patriotism – in the sense of thinking that you and your country are superior to all others – also leads to hate and violence, and leads to the evils of nationalism – defence of a race instead of a country. Individualism and patriotism are the two facets of a common evil.
Patriotism today is the cruel tradition of an outlived period, which exists not merely by its inertia, but because the governments and ruling classes, aware that not their power only, but their very existence, depends upon it, persistently excite and maintain it among the people, both by cunning and violence. – Leo Tolstoy, On Patriotism, 1894
There is no better example of what Tolstoy meant than that of the EU referendum that took place last year in the UK. The campaign in favour of leaving was almost entirely focused on making the UK the best country in the world and a country where outside help and foreigners were not welcome. Nigel Farage, one of the lead campaigners was adamant that the citizens of the UK "wanted their country back". He even went so far as to say that June 23rd 2016 should be declared as "Independence Day".
Patriotism today is like a scaffolding, which was needful once to raise the walls of the building, but which, though it, presents the only obstacle to the house being inhabited, is none the less retained, because its existence is of profit to certain persons. – Leo Tolstoy, On Patriotism, 1894
Thus, patriotism may be considered to be senseless because only one country in the world can be the best, and immoral because patriotism promotes one country's interests at the expense of all the others.
We will follow two simple rules: Buy American and hire American. We will seek friendship and goodwill with the nations of the world, but we do so with the understanding that it is the right of all nations to put their own interests first. – Donald Trump, 2017
It is quite justifiable to want to protect the interests of your own country. This form of patriotism is based on the premise that people living in the same country are all striving to make their personal projects work, but well in concordance with a greater communal project represented by the country in its entirety. But what happens to patriotism when the perceived interests of your country are in conflict with more universal interests and human solidarity? In these cases, the moral justification for patriotism disappears and the latter must be rejected. An obvious recent example is that of Donald Trump's annulment of the Paris Climate Change Agreement, in which he clearly put "America's interests" first and foremost, despite universal consensus over the need to combat climate change.
One reason for patriotism that I can identify with, is that of gratitude. If you are thankful for living in a particular country, irrespective of whether you are born there or not, you will most certainly love and respect it. This concept gains much more importance for people who have freely chosen to live in a particular country as opposed to another. But this certainly does not mean that you have to follow blindly and without criticism something your country does that you find morally wrong. When Dutch prime-minister, Mark Rutter, published an open letter last January, criticising the attitude some people had towards the way of life in the Netherlands, I criticised most of his remarks. But I do agree with his fundamental idea that if you don't like where you live, you are free to move, especially if you elected to live there in the first place.
So where do I stand on patriotism? Furthermore, how can I possibly love two different and sometimes opposing countries, and yet live in a third? If I stop and think about how I feel about France and the UK, I begin to realise that the patriotism that I feel for both countries is entirely related to my upbringing. Furthermore, although I love the Netherlands, I do feel that my patriotism here will never be comparable to my patriotism for the UK or France. You may think that true patriotism stops once you have left a country, and that you are only left with love of the country that you have left. Judging by my profound reaction to the Brexit vote, together with my enthusiasm to vote in the French elections, that is certainly not the case.
We are all a product of the way we were brought up by our parents. We are also strongly influenced by the way we absorbed the culture of, and opportunities in, the country we were brought up in. Interestingly, a recent survey shows that many young British citizens do not feel European, and – more surprisingly – a lot of them don't even feel British. They probably have their reasons for feeling in such a way, and I am not in a position to judge them on this. It is clear that patriotism is sticking up for yourself and who you are, and has nothing to do with sticking up for any particular country. Having said this, the confusion arises from the fact that the one leads almost invariably to the other.
European ideals France Freedom Morality UK
British and EU Expats – Our EU Citizen Status Remains In The Balance
Brexit Musings (3) – Welcome To Amsterdam Schiphol


Create a fairytale setting with this double amber flower candleholder. The decorative candleholder features two beautiful glass amber flowers that each hold a tealight candle inside. A gorgeous addition to your dining room or living room, this flower candleholder will bask any space in a soft and luminous glow.


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Hamilton Green to reap $20M annually from taxpayers
Pension package… to also get free maids, bodyguards, drivers, duty-free concessionsPeople's National Congress (PNC) stalwart Hamilton Green will next month begin receiving a multimillion-dollar pension packaged being calculated at almost $20 million annually, in a move that is being described as a "vulgar" rape of the Treasury.PNC stalwart and former Prime Minister Hamilton GreenThe move comes in the form of a legislative package being piloted by the Finance Ministry under the hand of substantive Minister Winston Jordan who is scheduled to lay a Bill in the National Assembly next week that will give Hamilton Green a pension that is pegged to the current salary of the sitting Prime Minister.Former Attorney General and Legal Affairs Minister Anil Nandlall has since calculated that this will result in Hamilton Green getting approximately $1.4 million as pension per month.Additionally, Green will also get the facilities to which a former President is entitled; that is, free electricity, water, telephone, Internet, drivers, bodyguards, maids and office staff, as well we duty-free concessions.This means that Green's pension package amounts to in excess of $20 million annually.News of the legislative package to benefit Green surfaced earlier this week when the National Assembly released its Order of Business for its next sitting on Monday.According to the parliamentary Order of Business, Jordan will present to the House, on behalf of Government the "Prime Minister Hamilton Green Pension Bill".That Bill, according to the description in the Order Paper, will pave the way for an Act "to provide a pension, benefits and other facilities to Hamilton Green, Prime Minister from 1985 to 1992, to enable him to live in keeping with the high office he occupied".Guyana Times has since seen a copy of the proposed legislation which outlines that the Prime Minister Hamilton Green Pension Act 2016 and shall come into operation on December 1, 2016.The Bill inherently and explicitly states that the pension that Green is receiving since retirement shall be discontinued with effect November 30, 2016, in order to facilitate the larger package being catered for in the Bill.According to the proposed provisions in the Bill, "Notwithstanding anything in the Pensions (President, Parliamentary and Special Offices) Act, Prime Minster Hamilton Green shall be paid a pension in accordance with Section 4 of the said Act based on the salary paid to the Prime Minister, as though he actually earned the said salary, taking into consideration his record of service as a legislator."Another of the provisions in the Bill, is that the former President (Benefits and Other Facilities) Act 2015 shall, subject to such modifications as may be necessary, apply to Prime Minster Hamilton Green and for that purpose wherever the word "President" occurs it shall be substituted by the words "Prime Minister."According to the proposed legislative package, "Prime Minister Hamilton Green shall continue to receive any other benefits and facilities provided for in any other law."Former Attorney General Anil Nandlall in lambasting the move by the coalition Government recalled that Green served as Prime Minister from 2005 to 1992, "that is, an entire generation ago and before every person who is 25 years and younger were born…This is nothing but a vulgar rape of the Treasury."Nandlall is adamant there are many important issues affecting the welfare of "our people, especially our children and the elderly, that are competing for scarce financial resources which we are told cannot get done, yet this Government decides to use these scarce finances to give Green such a huge pension… Imagine, with all the problems facing the people of this country that is this Government's priority."CondemnationThe former Attorney General in his condemnation of Green's package recalled too that Green was getting a pension all along and that only recently, the City Council handed him a package which included guards, maids, etc."Worse yet, this plunder of the Treasury is being done by those who promised lean and clean government and who cuss out President (Bharrat) Jagdeo for years about his pension at every street corner and in every media house in this country… The hypocrisy is sickening."Nandlall said he maintains that never before in the history of the Caribbean were an electorate so comprehensively fooled and conned by a group of politician as this "[A Partnership for National Unity/Alliance For Change] APNU/AFC did to the Guyanese electorate during the 2015 election's campaign… I also maintain that not more than five thousand persons are benefiting from this Government."These, he said, includes the Cabinet, their family, relatives and friends and a few party hacks. "The working people of every race, including the public servants, teachers, Police, soldiers, farmers, tradesman, fishermen, bauxite workers, miners, loggers, rice farmers, sugar workers, vendors, businessmen, and the professionals continue to suffer in a stagnant economy presided over by an utterly incompetent Government."Green served as Guyana's Prime Minister under the PNC Desmond Hoyte Administration, up until October 1992. In March 1993, Green sued the PNC for violation of his constitutional rights when that party at its Congress voted to expel him from the party.The former Prime Minister and Mayor currently serves at the helm of the Central Planning and Housing Authority – a position he was appointed to following the May 2015 electoral victory by the PNC-led APNU/AFC coalition. read more
AstraZeneca to present Phase III CVOT DECLARETIMI 58 results at AHA Scientific
Data will also be presented on potential risk factors for repeated or persistent hyperkalemia (Poster # SuMDP65). Source:https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2018/the-landmark-declare-timi-58-cardiovascular-outcomes-trial-of-farxiga-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-to-be-featured-at-aha-01112018.html Whether clinical characteristics predicting bleeding and ischemic risk identify subgroups of patients who may derive benefit from long-term treatment with BRILINTA, with a lower risk of major bleeding (Poster #Sa2100) The effects of long-term use of BRILINTA in patients who have had a heart attack and who did not receive a coronary stent vs. those who did receive a coronary stent placement (Oral Presentation #102) The use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin to identify patients who are at a higher-risk of major CV events (Oral Presentation #100) Reviewed by Alina Shrourou, B.Sc. (Editor)Nov 1 2018AstraZeneca will present 20 abstracts including a late-breaking oral presentation on the full results from the Phase III cardiovascular (CV) outcomes trial (CVOT) DECLARE (Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events)-TIMI 58, the broadest SGLT2 inhibitor CVOT conducted to date, as well as new research from the Company's Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism (CVMD) therapy area at the American Heart Association (AHA) Scientific Sessions, November 10-12, 2018, in Chicago, Illinois, USA.New evidence will build on broad clinical research from AstraZeneca that aims to help redefine the management of CVMD diseases and address the need for a more proactive and holistic approach to patient care. Presentations will include findings from some of the largest trials in broad patient populations with FARXIGA (dapagliflozin) in type 2 diabetes (T2D), BRILINTA (ticagrelor) in patients with a history of heart attack, and in hyperkalemia.Danilo Verge, Vice President, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, Global Medical Affairs, said: "An estimated 20 million people each year die from cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases, yet shared risk factors are frequently not diagnosed or addressed holistically. Our data at AHA reflect an integrated approach to managing the needs of patients living with type 2 diabetes and risk of cardiovascular or renal disease, and those with a history of cardiovascular disease at acute and long-term risk of recurrence. We stand firmly behind our mission to provide new solutions earlier in disease management to these patients at risk for multiple complications."DECLARE-TIMI 58: a landmark CVOT evaluating CV risk in patients with T2DClinical trial results showing the safety and efficacy of FARXIGA vs. placebo on primary CV and secondary renal efficacy outcomes in adults with T2D who have multiple CV risk factors or established CV disease, will be presented in a late-breaking oral presentation (Late Breaking Abstract #19485). DECLARE-TIMI 58 evaluated the CV outcomes of FARXIGA vs. placebo over a period of up to five years, across 33 countries and in more than 17,000 adults with T2D with multiple CV risk factors or established CV disease.Related StoriesMetformin use linked to lower risk of dementia in African Americans with type 2 diabetesNew biomaterial could encapsulate and protect implanted insulin-producing cellsObese patients with Type 1 diabetes could safely receive robotic pancreas transplantIn September 2018, AstraZeneca announced that FARXIGA met its primary safety endpoint of non-inferiority for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and achieved a statistically-significant reduction in the composite endpoint of hospitalization for heart failure (hHF) or CV death, one of the two primary efficacy endpoints. Additionally, fewer MACE events were observed with FARXIGA for the other primary efficacy endpoint, however, this did not reach statistical significance. Clinical trial results presented at AHA Scientific Sessions 2018 will include additional details on the primary CV safety and efficacy, as well as secondary renal efficacy outcomes from DECLARE-TIMI 58. FARXIGA is not indicated to reduce the risk of CV events, hHF or renal outcomes.Three new sub-analyses from the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 trial will also be presented. The trial compared BRILINTA (90mg or 60mg twice daily) plus aspirin vs. aspirin alone in 21,162 patients with prior (1 to 3 years) heart attack. The sub-analyses evaluate: read more
Study Micronutrient deficiencies are common in adults at the time of celiac
Reviewed by James Ives, M.Psych. (Editor)Jun 24 2019Micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamins B12 and D, as well as folate, iron, zinc and copper, are common in adults at the time of diagnosis with celiac disease. These deficiencies should be addressed at that time, according to a study by Mayo Clinic researchers.The retrospective study of 309 adults newly diagnosed with celiac disease at Mayo Clinic from 2000 to 2014 also found that low body weight and weight loss, which are commonly associated with celiac disease, were less common. Weight loss was seen in only 25.2% of patients, and the average body mass index was categorized as overweight. The study will appear in the July issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Related StoriesTAU's new Translational Medical Research Center acquires MILabs' VECTor PET/SPECT/CTSwimming pools could be breeding grounds for diarrhea-causing germsOlympus Europe and Cytosurge join hands to accelerate drug development, single cell researchCeliac disease is an immune reaction to consuming gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye. Eating gluten triggers an immune response in the small intestine that over time damages the intestine's lining and prevents it from absorbing some nutrients, leading to diarrhea, fatigue, anemia, weight loss and other complications.Based on recent data, the prevalence of celiac disease in the U.S. is 1 in 141 people, and its prevalence has increased over the past 50 years."Our study suggests that the presentation of celiac disease has changed from the classic weight loss, anemia and diarrhea, with increasing numbers of patients diagnosed with nonclassical symptoms," says Dr. Bledsoe, the study's primary author. "Micronutrient deficiencies remain common in adults, however, and should be assessed." Assessment should include vitamin D, iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, zinc and copper.Zinc deficiency was observed most frequently at diagnosis, the study says, with 59.4% of patients having a deficiency. Other deficiencies included iron, vitamin D, copper, vitamin B12 and folate.The nutritional deficiencies have potential health ramifications, though in this retrospective study the clinical implications remain unknown. "Further studies are needed to better define the implications of the deficiencies, optimal replacement strategies and follow-up," says Dr. Bledsoe. Source:Mayo Clinic It was somewhat surprising to see the frequency of micronutrient deficiencies in this group of newly diagnosed patients, given that they were presenting fewer symptoms of malabsorption."Adam Bledsoe, M.D., a gastroenterology fellow at Mayo Clinic's Rochester campus read more
Cloud firm Dropbox surges in Wall Street debut Update
Dropbox shares surged Friday as the cloud data storage firm made its Wall street debut following a public offering raising some $750 million. Citation: Cloud firm Dropbox surges in Wall Street debut (Update) (2018, March 23) retrieved 18 July 2019 from https://phys.org/news/2018-03-cloud-firm-dropbox-surges-wall.html Dropbox raises price range ahead of stock debut Explore further Shares trading under the symbol DBX rallied 35.6 percent to close at $28.48, with intraday gains as much as 50 percent, following the offering price of $21.The initial public offering was the biggest in the technology sector since Snapchat's in 2017 and is among the few "unicorns"—venture-funded startups worth more than $1 billion—to go public.The strong demand suggested not all tech companies have been hit by the events of this week, when big players, especially in social media, have seen their shares dive following reports that a data analysis firm hired by Donald Trump's presidential campaign misused personal information of some 50 million Facebook users.Created in 2007, Dropbox is one of a number of tech firms centered around the internet "cloud," allowing users to store data for remote access by any internet-linked devices.Storing digital data from music and films to documents, presentations and images has become big business with the lifestyle shift to accessing content and services online.Its market value for the initial public offering was some $8 billion. © 2018 AFP This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only. read more
Dolphin algorithm could lead to better medical ultrasounds
Citation: Dolphin algorithm could lead to better medical ultrasounds (2018, June 1) retrieved 18 July 2019 from https://phys.org/news/2018-06-dolphin-algorithm-medical-ultrasounds.html This new knowledge brings us one step closer to solving the puzzle. A few years ago, Josefin Starkhammar, a researcher in biomedical engineering at Lund University, discovered that the ultrasounds that dolphins emit for echolocation do not consist of one signal, but rather of two intertwined beam components.Her most recent calculations now show that the two signals are not emitted at exactly the same time, although they follow one another very closely. Likewise, she has discovered that the sound frequency is higher further up in the beam, producing a lighter echo within that area."High and low frequencies are useful for different things. Sounds with low frequencies spread further under water, whereas sounds with high frequencies can provide more detailed information on the shape of the object," explains Starkhammar.Starkhammar suggests there could be multiple benefits for the dolphin: The time-separated signal components may enable the animal to quickly gauge the speed of approaching or fleeing prey, as the variations in frequency provide more precise information on the position of an object. However, the researchers do not yet know whether this is, in fact, the case.Josefin Starkhammar worked with Maria Sandsten and Isabella Reinhold, professor and doctoral student respectively, in mathematical statistics. Together, they developed a mathematical algorithm, which was used to successfully disentangle and read the overlapping signals."It works almost like a magic formula! Suddenly we can see things that remained hidden with traditional methods," says Josefin Starkhammar.Not only does the algorithm increase our understanding of dolphin communication, it could also pave the way for sharper image quality on ultrasound technology built by humans, such as medical ultrasound. It could potentially be used to measure the thickness of organ membranes deeper inside the body, for which current methods are insufficient.Another possible area of improvement is sonars and echosounders, i.e. the equipment used for orientation at sea to read the undersea environment and track shoals of fish."Here we could copy the principle of using sound beams whose frequency content changes over the cross-section. As a first step, we will rebuild our own equipment which is based on the pulse-echo principle," says Josefin Starkhammar.Together with researchers in engineering geology, Josefin Starkhammar also has plans to trial the technology as a replacement for destructive testing of roads, for example by rapidly obtaining an image of what a newly-built road looks like under the surface without needing to drill for samples.Even the dolphins themselves are helped by humans better understanding their echolocation capabilities."With greater understanding, we can protect them from human activity which could damage, disrupt or disable this ability, such as noise from shipping, pile driving in the water, underwater blasting, powerful boat sonars and searching for oil under the sea bed using acoustic methods," says Josefin Starkhammar.The researchers don't yet know how the dolphin actually sends out its two almost simultaneous beam components."In fact, it is quite strange that the dolphin emits two different beam components, as they come from the same organ. We would very much like to find out how this particular event comes about," she concludes.In order to gather data, Josefin Starkhammar built a measuring instrument with 47 hydrophones (microphones for underwater use) which capture sounds in water in many different frequencies over a whole surface, for example over the whole cross-section of dolphin sonar beams. The dolphin sounds were recorded in Kolmården Wildlife Park in Sweden and in wildlife parks in the Bahamas, Honduras and California. Explore further Dolphins use double sonar More information: Isabella Reinhold et al. Objective detection and time-frequency localization of components within transient signals, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (2018). DOI: 10.1121/1.5032215 Journal information: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Millions of years of evolutionary fine-tuning have made dolphins phenomenally good at using echolocation to orient themselves, find food and communicate with one another. But how do they actually do it? New research from Lund University in Sweden shows that they emit two intertwined ultrasound beam components at different frequencies—and with slightly different timing. Provided by Lund University This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only. read more
Nearly 200K People Have Signed Up to Steal Alien Secrets from Area
Flying Saucers to Mind Control: 22 Declassified Military Secrets Top 10 Conspiracy Theories Why Do People Believe in UFOs? Originally published on Live Science.by Taboolaby TaboolaSponsored LinksSponsored LinksPromoted LinksPromoted LinksYou May LikeVikings: Free Online GamePlay this for 1 min and see why everyone is addicted!Vikings: Free Online GameUndoTruthFinder People Search SubscriptionOne Thing All Liars Have in Common, Brace YourselfTruthFinder People Search SubscriptionUndoArticles VallyDad Cuts Daughter's Hair Off For Getting Birthday Highlights, Then Mom Does The UnthinkableArticles VallyUndoLivestlyThe List Of Dog Breeds To Avoid At All CostsLivestlyUndoGundry MD Total Restore SupplementU.S. Cardiologist: It's Like a Pressure Wash for Your InsidesGundry MD Total Restore SupplementUndoBirch Gold GroupThis IRS Tax Law is Sweeping the U.S.Birch Gold GroupUndo Pack your shades, your sunscreen and your coziest tinfoil hat, because the late-summer event of the season is happening in Nevada's scenic Area 51, and you're invited. According to a tongue-in-cheek Facebook event called "Storm Area 51, They Can't Stop All of Us," a ragtag army of alien hunters will meet up near the top-secret Air Force base in the predawn hours of Sept. 20, coordinate a plan of attack, then raid the grounds in search of captive aliens. Per the event's hosts (a page that posts memes and a guy who streams video games on Twitch), the delicate operation will involve running supernaturally fast — faster than the guards' bullets can fly — but will be worth it to "see them aliens." So far, nearly 200,000 Facebook users have signed up to attend, with another 200,000 "interested" in the affair. [15 Far-Out Facts About Area 51]Headbutting Tiny Worms Are Really, Really LoudThis rapid strike produces a loud 'pop' comparable to those made by snapping shrimps, one of the most intense biological sounds measured at sea.Your Recommended PlaylistVolume 0%Press shift question mark to access a list of keyboard shortcutsKeyboard Shortcutsplay/pauseincrease volumedecrease volumeseek forwardsseek backwardstoggle captionstoggle fullscreenmute/unmuteseek to %SPACE↑↓→←cfm0-9接下来播放Why Is It 'Snowing' Salt in the Dead Sea?01:53 facebook twitter 发邮件 reddit 链接https://www.livescience.com/65899-area-51-summer-raid.html?jwsource=cl已复制直播00:0000:3500:35 This event is, of course, a joke (please, do not raid this or any other military base). Area 51 — a massive plot of desert about 80 miles (129 kilometers) northwest of Las Vegas — is a top-secret military installation that is infamously well-guarded by fences, radars and heavily armed "camo dudes" in white trucks. After more than 60 years of operations, the base's primary purpose remains classified and its grounds restricted to the public, fomenting an aura of spooky secrecy that has intrigued all manner of skeptics and conspiracy theorists for decades. This much is known about the base: It's huge, covering a total of 2.9 million acres (1.2 million hectares) and 5,000 square miles (12,950 square km) of restricted airspace. Officially, the base is part of the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR), which is affiliated with Nellis Air Force Base; according to the Air Force, it is the largest combined air and ground space for peacetime military operations in the free world. Since the Air Force set up shop there in 1955, Area 51 has hosted hundreds of nuclear weapons tests and has served as a training-and-testing ground for all manner of top-secret stealth aircraft, Live Science previously reported. If you believe the most popular conspiracy theory about the base, one of those aircraft may be an alien saucer that crash-landed in Roswell, New Mexico, in the late 1940s. The U.S. military claimed that the mysterious object was a weather balloon (a 1994 Air Force report confirmed this to be true — albeit, a souped-up weather balloon designed to detect far-off nuclear fallout). However, conspiracy theorists insisted that the wreck was indeed an alien spacecraft, which had been subsequently transported to Area 51 to be broken apart, studied and put back together again. This theory gained traction in the 1980s, when a man claiming to have worked at Area 51 told the news media that he had actually seen scientists reverse engineer alien saucers there. This man, it turns out, was a liar who never set foot on the base (he also lied about the colleges he went to and other past employment); but his stories gained enough attention that Area 51 had a new, permanent reputation as that eerie place in the desert where scientists might be tinkering with aliens. Subsequent tests of experimental, top-secret aircraft at the base have only strengthened this far-out legacy. The allure of the mysterious desert base is undeniable. So, what happens if you do attempt to trespass into Area 51 and liberate the juicy alien secrets contained within? For starters, you'll probably be stopped at gunpoint by guards dressed in camo, as two intrepid adventurers experienced in 2016 after trying to sneak a camera through the base's back gate. According to signs posted around the base, these infamous "camo dudes" are permitted to greet trespassers with deadly force — but, if past encounters are any indication, trespassers are more likely to be met with a hefty fine and a court date. When an SUV filled with tourists accidentally crossed into the base's restricted area a few years ago, the driver and four passengers were each cited with a $650 fine and a misdemeanor charge. The unwary passengers eventually got their charges dropped, but the driver had to pay up — and was banned from leading tours in the area for several years. If you happen to join the joke raid proposed for this September, keep that man's story in mind. When it comes to unearthing the truth of Area 51, you may have only one shot. Choose your plan wisely. read more
Sabarimala row BJP leader K Surendran 71 others granted bailSabarimala row BJP
The accused have been asked not to enter Ranni taluk, where the Lord Ayyappa temple is located, for two months. BJP leader K. Surendran was taken into preventive custody after he attempted to enter Sabarimala through a check-post at Nilackal on November 17, 2018. – C. Suresh Kumar COMMENT November 21, 2018 SHARE A court here granted conditional bail to 72 people, including BJP general secretary K Surendran, who were arrested in connection with the Sabarimala temple row. Surendran along with two others had been arrested on November 18 from Nilackal as he tried to proceed to the Lord Ayyappa Temple despite being advised by police personnel against visiting Sabarimala due to law and order issues. The 69 others were arrested after they held a "nama japam" (chanting Lord Ayyappa mantras) inside the shrine complex late on Sunday, defying prohibitory orders. When their case was presented before the Munsif court here, the 72 people were granted bail with strict conditions. The accused have been asked not to enter Ranni taluk, where the Lord Ayyappa temple is located, for two months and they have been directed to submit two personal sureties of Rs 20,000 each. The court also rejected the plea of the accused to permit them to visit the hill shrine during the two-month-long "mandala makaravillaku" pilgrim season. Since a non-bailable warrant is pending against him before the Kannur magistrate court, Surendran will have to seek bail in that case to come of jail. Restrictions have been imposed at the Lord Ayyappa temple following protests by devotees and activists of the BJP and the RSS over the state government's decision to implement the September 28 Supreme Court order. The hill shrine was opened on November 16 evening for the over two-month-long pilgrimage season amid tension. sabarimala SHARE SHARE EMAIL COMMENTS Published on read more


text:
WLKY Investigates: Metro Corrections as detox unit
Duane Pohlman
Non-violent drug offenders are part of jail overcrowding at Louisville Metro Corrections.
In a secure pod usually reserved to confine prisoners, a group of women in yellow jail jumpsuits gather around the tables to find a way to freedom from the alcohol and drugs they've been addicted to for years.View chart of prisoners by race, sex, length of stay, etc.Other prisoners sleep and shiver on the floor, actively detoxing from drugs that still have them in their grip.Mobile users: Tap here for video"When I put a drug in me, a different me appears," a middle-aged African-American woman confesses."I started using heroin and cocaine and then I went to prescription drugs," another prisoner known as Mary conceded.When asked how her life of addiction has worked out, Mary laughs, saying, "Not so good."Truth is, it's much worse than that. Mary confesses that her two grown children have both disowned her and that her life has been ripped apart by years of drug abuse.Another woman, known as Tiffany, adds, "I'm an equal opportunity drug addict. I can be addicted to anything."All the women are prisoners at Louisville Metro Corrections and all of them volunteered for this drug counseling program they hope will finally free them from the addictions and life of crime that led them to be locked up. "On any given day, I am running the largest detox facility in the region," Metro Corrections Director Mark Bolton said, noting these non-violent drug offenders play a big role in jail overcrowding. Overcrowding and call for servicesDaily reports from the jail reveal Metro Corrections is often overcapacity by an average of 200 prisoners.Read a daily reportIn some sections of the jail, prisoners sleep on shelves. In others, they lie in specially-designed beds on the floor."Do we need more jail space?" Bolton asked hypothetically, then, without pausing begins his observations, "I don't think so. I think we need additional services in the community to address those people who have substance abuse issues, mental health issues, homelessness, etc., etc."Read more: WLKY Investigates: The cost of crowding criminalsThose services were once much more available in Louisville, but have faced cuts for years.Now, many of the addicts and mentally ill have nowhere to go for treatment before they end up in real trouble, which means they break the law.When they do, they're sent to Bolton, who has to place them behind bars.The cost of the care here behind bars is steep, while Bolton points out the same care can be provided at a fraction in the community.Metro Corrections' budget is now more than $50 million per year. With 2,000 prisoners being held at any given time, Bolton says taxpayers bear the burden of $25,000 per bed at the jail."If you don't care about the people, you do care about the cost, " Bolton says."When's the last time you saw a doctor, pal?"In another section of the jail, several prisoners wearing blue jumpsuits circle the tables in the middle of their pod. Others sit in the corner and seem to mumble.This is the section where those with diagnosed mental illnesses are placed and where millions of dollars in drugs are dispensed to treat their psychological disorders.Health care alone is a huge factor, too, as those who found themselves on the wrong side of the law get treated behind bars, while taxpayers bear the cost."You ask an inmate, 'When's the last time you saw a doctor, pal?' You know what they'll tell you?" Bolton now asked, answering quickly, "'The last time I was in jail.'"With nearly 40,000 arrests in the metro last year, the jail is often inundated with non-violent criminal bookings, while leaders struggle and juggle to keep room ready for the violent offenders."We gotta do something with them," Bolton says of the constant caravan of criminals in the sally port. "They gotta bring them somewhere. They bring them here. I've got to deal with them."But Bolton says the skyrocketing cost of confinement is causing many to reexamine who is being locked up.Race and economicsA noticeable issue in the jail is the overwhelming percentage of African-Americans prisoners.According to the 2010 Census, African-Americans in Louisville/Jefferson County represent 22.9 percent of the population.But in Metro Corrections, 55 percent of the prisoners are black."It's an issue and I think it is a problem." Bolton says, noting that increased violence in West Louisville is fueling the problem with incarceration of African-Americans.But Bolton says the issue is also rooted in the poverty that dominates many traditional black sections of the city, where people simply can't afford bail money, let alone the bill to pay for their own attorney.According to Bolton, many African-Americans face non-violent criminal charges and stay at the jail because they don't have the money to get out. "It's all about socioeconomics," he says.AlternativesWhile alternatives, like treatment centers and diversion programs are being discussed and the race issue is being studied, Bolton continues to deal with an overcrowding issue that is costly and, he says, preventable."Not everybody needs to be locked up," he declared."What I'm here to tell you is there are alternatives that are much cheaper that work (and) actually cut crime," Bolton said.
LOUISVILLE, Ky. —
In a secure pod usually reserved to confine prisoners, a group of women in yellow jail jumpsuits gather around the tables to find a way to freedom from the alcohol and drugs they've been addicted to for years.
View chart of prisoners by race, sex, length of stay, etc.
Other prisoners sleep and shiver on the floor, actively detoxing from drugs that still have them in their grip.
Mobile users: Tap here for video
"When I put a drug in me, a different me appears," a middle-aged African-American woman confesses.
"I started using heroin and cocaine and then I went to prescription drugs," another prisoner known as Mary conceded.
When asked how her life of addiction has worked out, Mary laughs, saying, "Not so good."
Truth is, it's much worse than that. Mary confesses that her two grown children have both disowned her and that her life has been ripped apart by years of drug abuse.
Another woman, known as Tiffany, adds, "I'm an equal opportunity drug addict. I can be addicted to anything."
All the women are prisoners at Louisville Metro Corrections and all of them volunteered for this drug counseling program they hope will finally free them from the addictions and life of crime that led them to be locked up.
"On any given day, I am running the largest detox facility in the region," Metro Corrections Director Mark Bolton said, noting these non-violent drug offenders play a big role in jail overcrowding.
Overcrowding and call for services
Daily reports from the jail reveal Metro Corrections is often overcapacity by an average of 200 prisoners.
Read a daily report
In some sections of the jail, prisoners sleep on shelves. In others, they lie in specially-designed beds on the floor.
"Do we need more jail space?" Bolton asked hypothetically, then, without pausing begins his observations, "I don't think so. I think we need additional services in the community to address those people who have substance abuse issues, mental health issues, homelessness, etc., etc."
Read more: WLKY Investigates: The cost of crowding criminals
Those services were once much more available in Louisville, but have faced cuts for years.
Now, many of the addicts and mentally ill have nowhere to go for treatment before they end up in real trouble, which means they break the law.
When they do, they're sent to Bolton, who has to place them behind bars.
The cost of the care here behind bars is steep, while Bolton points out the same care can be provided at a fraction in the community.
Metro Corrections' budget is now more than $50 million per year.
With 2,000 prisoners being held at any given time, Bolton says taxpayers bear the burden of $25,000 per bed at the jail.
"If you don't care about the people, you do care about the cost, " Bolton says.
"When's the last time you saw a doctor, pal?"
In another section of the jail, several prisoners wearing blue jumpsuits circle the tables in the middle of their pod. Others sit in the corner and seem to mumble.
This is the section where those with diagnosed mental illnesses are placed and where millions of dollars in drugs are dispensed to treat their psychological disorders.
Health care alone is a huge factor, too, as those who found themselves on the wrong side of the law get treated behind bars, while taxpayers bear the cost.
"You ask an inmate, 'When's the last time you saw a doctor, pal?' You know what they'll tell you?" Bolton now asked, answering quickly, "'The last time I was in jail.'"
With nearly 40,000 arrests in the metro last year, the jail is often inundated with non-violent criminal bookings, while leaders struggle and juggle to keep room ready for the violent offenders.
"We gotta do something with them," Bolton says of the constant caravan of criminals in the sally port. "They gotta bring them somewhere. They bring them here. I've got to deal with them."
But Bolton says the skyrocketing cost of confinement is causing many to reexamine who is being locked up.
Race and economics
A noticeable issue in the jail is the overwhelming percentage of African-Americans prisoners.
According to the 2010 Census, African-Americans in Louisville/Jefferson County represent 22.9 percent of the population.
But in Metro Corrections, 55 percent of the prisoners are black.
"It's an issue and I think it is a problem." Bolton says, noting that increased violence in West Louisville is fueling the problem with incarceration of African-Americans.
But Bolton says the issue is also rooted in the poverty that dominates many traditional black sections of the city, where people simply can't afford bail money, let alone the bill to pay for their own attorney.
According to Bolton, many African-Americans face non-violent criminal charges and stay at the jail because they don't have the money to get out.
"It's all about socioeconomics," he says.
While alternatives, like treatment centers and diversion programs are being discussed and the race issue is being studied, Bolton continues to deal with an overcrowding issue that is costly and, he says, preventable.
"Not everybody needs to be locked up," he declared.
"What I'm here to tell you is there are alternatives that are much cheaper that work (and) actually cut crime," Bolton said.


Jonah Lehrer's How We Decide (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009) is a smart and entertaining look at recent research into how the brain functions when we're faced with a choice. One of the main findings is that both the rational centers (the prefrontal cortex) and emotional centers (the amygdala) are involved in decisionmaking, but that each tends to be best at certain kinds of problems. Counter-intuitively, Lehrer claims that the rational brain is best at simple problems, but can be overwhelmed when there are many complex and competing variables--then it's best to rely on gut instinct (the emotional brain) and not to overthink a problem.
He offers selectively chosen experimental evidence, but even his carefully chosen examples are sometimes contradictory. Buying a house is an example: there are so many variables to consider that the rational brain can't sort them out; better decisions are made (Lehrer claims) when people trust their impressions and instincts, rather than try to weigh every variable. But then Lehrer suggests that when people use their emotional brain to choose a mortgage--another complex choice--they often go for the option that is cheaper in the short term but vastly more expensive over the life of the loan: in other words, a really bad deal. So trusting your gut in complex decisions is best, except when it isn't--typically, when numbers are involved.
Do you want cake with that telephone number? I'm also concerned about the experimental design of some of the studies that Lehrer recounts. In one experiment, subjects were asked to memorize either a two-digit or a seven-digit number, and then walk down a hall to another room where they would be asked to repeat it. Halfway down the hall they were offered a snack (and this was the real experiment): they could choose either a serving of fruit salad, or a slice of German chocolate cake.
You might think that personal preference would determine which snack was chosen, but instead it was found that the determining factor was the size of the number the subject had to memorize. The ones who'd memorized the seven-digit number went for the chocolate cake much more often than the ones who'd memorized the two-digit number. The explanation offered is that the rational centers of the brain were overwhelmed even by the apparently simple task of memorizing a seven-digit number, and so those subjects were obeying an emotional impulse towards the chocolate dessert (instead of exercising rational self-control and going for the healthful fruit salad). From the point of view of the scientists who designed the experiment, people are being led into the less optimal choice by their emotional centers. But aren't they also expressing their true preference? And isn't a true preference a more optimal choice, even if it's a bit decadent?
Van Gogh vs. the Kittens: In another study of preferences, college students were asked to select a poster to take home, and given a choice between a Monet reproduction, a Van Gogh reproduction, and three different "humorous cat posters." One group of subjects was simply asked to rate the posters on a scale of 1 to 9 before selecting their favorite. A second group was asked to explain why they liked or disliked each poster before rating them. Only five percent of the first group chose one of the kitten posters, while half of the second group did. When the students were contacted several weeks later, 75 percent of the ones with the kitten posters were dissatisfied with their choices, while no one with an art poster regretted their choice. The scientists' explanation was that in the second group, the engagement of the rational centers (having to explain their choice) had blocked the input from the emotional centers, leading to a less satisfying choice.
But a key aspect of this experiment is that there wasn't one art poster among the choices, but two. A subject who chose either the Van Gogh or the Monet as her favorite may have felt that in order to adequately explain her choice to the scientists running the experiment (not just authorities, but representatives of the college faculty who would be judging her academic performance for the rest of her college career), she would have to discuss matters of art history or aesthetics, areas in which she may have not felt comfortable. Since a preference for a kitten poster was easier to explain, subjects may have rated them highest. So the ratings in the second experiment may not have reflected a subject's actual preferences, just her wish to avoid looking ignorant in front of a professor. It's little wonder most of those subjects felt dissatisfied later on.
Drinking champagne through a straw: Another preference experiment with design problems is the famous wine-tasting experiment, where subjects expressed a preference for wine that they were told was more expensive. The twist was that the wine the subjects were told cost $45 a bottle was actually the same wine that they'd been told cost $5 a bottle (its true retail price) when they'd sampled it earlier in the experiment. But brain imaging showed that their prefrontal cortexes were more active when they drank the "$45" wine. That is, they weren't just claiming to like the more expensive wine in order to appear sophisticated. When they thought a wine cost more, they actually enjoyed it more. When the subjects tasted the same wines without any price information, they reversed their preferences, and gave the highest rating to the cheapest wine.
The scientists were able to take brain scans of people who were drinking wine by having them sip it through straws. But the problem with this procedure is that smell is intimately bound up with our perception of taste--that's why food can seem tasteless when you have a stuffy nose. Sipping wine through a straw removes many of its flavor components. So wines drunk through a straw will taste more alike than when the same wines are drunk from wine glasses; the experiment doesn't allow the subjects to fully distinguish among the wines by flavor, leaving price as the only other information the subjects have.
Of course, the main point of this experiment that our expectations can affect our perceptions, which seems indisputable. But my own experience shows that things in the real world are less clear-cut than in this experiment. A friend of mine used to give regular wine-tasting parties, where three or four different wines would be sampled blind (only one person knew which wine was which, and he would indicate his preference last). At every single one of the more than half-dozen parties we attended, the group preferred the wine that turned out to be the most expensive. Occasionally a cheap wine would wind up in second place, but it was never close--the most expensive wine would typically be considered superior by a large margin. The difference between us and the subjects of the experiment? We were drinking the wine out of glasses, and so the differences in flavor and aroma were more apparent.
A bird in the hand, or...? But for me the most fascinating chapters of the book concern behavioral economics--the choices we make when money is at stake. Lehrer describes a game show that I'm glad I've never had a chance to see, because I'd instantly become an addict. It's called "Deal or No Deal," and it features 26 briefcases containing amounts of money ranging from 1 cent to a million dollars (or euros). At the beginning of the game you choose one briefcase, which is placed in a lockbox. Then you start opening the other briefcases one by one. After every couple of rounds, a man called The Banker makes you a cash offer for the briefcase you've set aside, and the amount of the offer fluctuates with what's revealed in each opened briefcase. As long as the big-money briefcases remain unopened, your offer rises steadily; as soon as you eliminate them, it plummets. That means your offer can change by a huge amount of money very quickly.
Lehrer describes the case of Frank, a contestant on the Dutch version of the show. With five briefcases left, the only high-value case that remained contained 500,000 euros. The Banker offered Frank 102,006 euros for his locked briefcase. Should he have taken the offer?
The answer is yes. There was only a one in five chance that Frank's briefcase contained the 500,000 euros, and he's being offered more than 100,000 euros for it.
But Frank said no. If he could eliminate another low-value briefcase, the Banker's offer would rise. But Frank was unlucky--the next briefcase he opened contained the 500,000 euros. The most the remaining briefcases could contain was 10,000 euros. The Banker then offered 2508 euros. In the space of a few seconds, Frank's offer had declined by 100,000 euros. Should Frank have taken this offer, painful as it was?
The answer is again yes. But Frank refused again, because of a mechanism that is termed "loss aversion." Losses are more painful to us than gains are pleasurable, by a substantial margin. Frank decided that after a loss of 100,000 euros that a gain of 2500 wasn't worth it, even though it was a fair deal. He still had the possibility of winning 10,000 euros, after all.
Finally, two briefcases were left: one containing 10,000 euros, and one containing 10 euros. The Banker made a very generous offer: 6500 euros. Frank should definitely have taken the offer: he only had a 50 percent chance of winning 10,000 euros, and he was being offered nearly two-thirds of that amount, guaranteed. But he decided to open his locked briefcase instead. It contained 10 euros.
How We Decide is filled with thought-provoking studies and anecdotes like these. Interestingly, the book avoids entirely the subject of romantic choice. That fascinating area is one that I hope Lehrer will explore in his next book on how the brain works.
Update 6 February 2010: WNYC's excellent science program RadioLab has a podcast episode on choice that I highly recommend; Jonah Lehrer is one of the interviewees.
Have you read Barry Schwartz's book on choice?
Filmi Girl, Schwartz's book looks really interesting--thanks for the recommendation!


text:
Jonas Vingegaard and his unexpected climb to the Tour de France
Jonas Vingegaard dreamed to race the Tour de France one day, but when Tom Dumoulin put pause on his career, the opportunity came sooner than he expected.
June 2, 2021 Andrew Hood
A stage win at the UAE Tour set the tone for 2021. Photo: Tim de Waele/Getty Images
Jonas Vingegaard dreamed of racing the Tour de France one day, but the 24-year-old Dane never expected the ambition would turn into reality so soon.
Barring disaster, the promising climber will be part of Jumbo-Visma's "Tour Eight" later this month, and will saddle up alongside Sepp Kuss to be a key helper in the high mountains.
Tom Dumoulin's surprise career hiatus opened the door sooner than expected, and the Danish climber is ready and willing to step up.
"The team needed another guy, and luckily they picked me," Vingegaard told VeloNews. "With the Tour de France coming to Denmark next year [2022], I was really I'd be picked then. Originally, the goal was to race the Vuelta this year and be focused on the first part of the season."
Also read: No Tour de France for Tom Dumoulin
Dumoulin's stunning decision to put a stop on racing in January — the Dutch star has since penciled in a return to racing at the Tour de Suisse but will not race the Tour — left a big hole to fill on the Jumbo-Visma roster.
Thinking he wouldn't be racing the Tour this year, Vingegaard came out guns-a-blazing early in 2021. His string of top successes made the choice easy when team brass were looking to fill the Dumoulin spot.
"When Tom decided to stop, we knew we needed someone strong to fill that spot," said Jumbo-Visma sport director Grischa Niermann. "We believed Jonas would be ready to race the Tour and Jonas demonstrated he's up for it."
Climbing higher at a very high pace
The lanky, blonde-haired climber is racing this week at the Critérium du Dauphiné after a long spell at altitude with his Tour-bound teammates at Spain's Sierra Nevada.
Vingegaard was sharing a room with climbing ace Kuss, and riding every day with Primož Roglič and the core of the WorldTour team.
Vingegaard joined Jumbo-Visma in 2019 as one of the most highly touted Danish climbers of the past decade.
"Jonas is a big talent, and he still has a lot to learn," Niermann said in a telephone interview. "We want to support in that process. He has a very bright future."
A post shared by Jonas Vingegaard (@jonasvingegaard)
It's somewhat ironic that Vingegaard feels at home on Europe's highest roads since his hometown in northern Denmark is nearly as sea level. At 5-foot-7 and 130lbs, he's a little whippet compared to brawlers like compatriot Mads Pedersen.
"Climbing is something I have always been good at it," he said. "I'm not such a big guy, so it's normal that I am better in the mountains than in the flats.
"My dad was not a racer, but he was interested in cycling," Vingegaard said. "He took me to see the Tour of Denmark, and I started to ride my bike. I was never really good until I got older. When I finished high school, I said if I was not pro by the time I finished my U23 years, I would go to university."
It didn't even take him long.
After riding as a stagiaire, he joined ColoQuick-CULT in 2017, and banged around the next two seasons on the cutthroat U23 circuit. There was never one singular breakout performance, but rather a steady upward progression.
Also read: Jumbo-Visma ready to apply lessons from 2020 Tour de France disappointment
Jumbo-Visma, which like most WorldTour teams, was keeping a close eye on the U23 ranks in hopes of spotting the next diamond in the rough.
Jumbo-Visma sport director Niermann is close friends with one of the DS's at Vingegaard's development team, who told the WorldTour sport director to keep an eye on the climbing prodigy.
"We saw some data points, and though he didn't have a lot of results, we could see there was a big margin to gain," Niermann told VeloNews. "He has already taken some big steps."
Big steps are an understatement.
Vingegaard joined Jumbo-Visma in 2019 on a neo-pro contract, and the first hints of his potential came when he won a stage ahead of Pavel Sivakov (Ineos Grenadiers) and Jai Hindley (Team DSM) to take the lead with one stage to go at the Tour de Pologne. He cracked the next day to tumble out of the top 20, but went on to finish second at the Tour of Denmark and ninth at the Deutschland Tour.
In 2020, he finished his grand tour debut to help Primož Roglič win the Vuelta a España. Again, no major breakout performances, but a string of steady rides gave everyone confidence bigger things were in the cards.
"At first, I could not believe I was racing next to these big WorldTour stars," he said. "It was not easy at first with the pressure, but I've gotten better at it now. I know I can ride with the best."
So far, the 2021 season is Vingegaard's coming-out party. A stage win at the UAE Tour in February at Jebel Jai ahead of Tadej Pogačar set the tone.
Also read: Vingegaard pips favorites at UAE Tour
He carried that momentum back to Europe and won two stages and the overall at Coppi e Bartali in Italy, good for his first GC victory as a pro.
"That victory was very important for me," Vingegaard said. "I could always do well when no one was thinking of me, but when there was some pressure, I was not always so good. That was the first time I was doing well under pressure. It gave me the confidence that I could do it, and be up there with the best."
And then there was the confirmation at Itzulia Basque Country, with second overall, the best young rider's jersey, and sharing the podium with the winner and team captain Roglič.
"I didn't win, but being ahead of some of the biggest names in the WorldTour is the biggest result of my career so far," he said. "Finishing on the podium with Roglič was a really nice experience."
That string of strong results helped make it easier when it came to who would fill the void left by Dumoulin. George Bennett was intent on the Giro d'Italia and targeting the Olympic Games, so the door was wide open for someone to stride in. Vingegaard's top rides fit the bill.
Denmark's next big thing?
Denmark is already awash in reports that Vingegaard could emerge not only as the nation's best natural climber in quite some time, but also a GC candidate for grand tours.
Denmark produces plenty of classics-style racers, including Mads Pedersen and Michael Valgren, and its best all-rounder of this generation, Jakob Fuglsang, is entering the twilight of his career.
Tour of Flanders winner Jasper Asgreen leads a promising fleet of young riders, with Vingegaard right there as part of the new Danish vanguard.
"I think he has the capacity to be a GC rider," Niermann said. "He has a good TT, and because he is a good climber and quite explosive, there are plenty of years ahead of him to get better … He handles the pressure quite well. It's a fine line.
"In Denmark, they say he can be a new grand tour winner, but we have to take it step-by-step. It's a long way from where he is now to winning a grand tour."
📢 ANNOUNCEMENT!
Jonas Vingegaard is our eighth rider for this year's Tour de France!🤩#TDF2021 #ridewithus pic.twitter.com/9rp142c34I
— Team Jumbo-Visma cycling (@JumboVismaRoad) April 26, 2021
Vingegaard shrugs off talk of grand tours. He wants to finish off the Dauphiné on a good note, and simply being at the start in Brest in a few weeks will already be an important milestone.
"Right now, I am not in my best shape, and I am coming off a slight injury," Vingegaard said before the start of the Dauphiné's third stage. "I am sure I will be ready for the Tour."
The goal is to help Roglič arrive in Paris with the yellow jersey. Talk of anything else can wait for the future.
"Being a grand tour rider? I don't know," he said. "It all depends on my development. It's easy to say I want to be a captain in a grand tour, but if my development stops tomorrow, it doesn't make sense. Right now, we're all going to be working for Primož."
21 stories for 2021: Cav's Tour comeback, van Vleuten's Olympic rollercoaster, Opi-Omi's infamy, and more
21 stories for 2021: Sagan goes Total, the UCI goes gravel, López goes loco, and more
21 stories for 2021: Wout's Tour triple, a women's Roubaix, Lachlan's big ride, and more
Commentary: Greater standardization needed for esports racing
Greg Kaplan
Jonas Vingegaard
Primož Roglič
Sepp Kuss
Jumbo-Visma sketches out Tour de France team, and it's impressive
Sepp Kuss poised for starring role at 2022 Tour de France
Primož Roglič happy to give away leader's jersey at Vuelta a España


The American Heart Association's annual Go Red for Women luncheon brings attention to the threat of heart disease to women as well as creates a call to action for all women to commit to living a heart-healthy lifestyle. The event is designed to create an inspirational and informative atmosphere, which will encourage women to become champions of health. During the health expo, all luncheon guests will have the opportunity to participate in health screenings and receive information from our partners.


Erica Brooks, a senior in the Interior Design program, has been named the winner of the 2014-15 Interior Design Competition sponsored by the Bienenstock Furniture Library. She will receive $5,000 to continue her studies in interior design and a one-year student membership in the American Society of Interior Designers and in the American Society of Furniture Designers.
In the Furniture Design Category of the Bienenstock competition, Industrial Design student Catherine Cheek was the 2nd place $1,500 winner.


York 1973. A Biography, London 1981,. He was also principal conductor of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra from 1985 to 1988.
Lexikon verfolgter Musiker und Musikerinnen der NS-Zeit, Hamburg 2012. Academy Awards edit Best Music Scoring of a Musical Picture Best Score Adaptation or Treatment Grammy Awards edit Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 2010 Andr Previn Best Instrumental Soloist Best Classical Crossover Album Best Chamber Music Performance Best Choral Performance Best Performance by an Orchestra Best. At his best, however, his music reflected a strong indigenous feel for the jazz idiom. He made appearances on The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford as well as The Dinah Shore Chevy Show. Conductors, London Symphony Orchestra website. Despite his deep roots in symphonic music, Previn largely steered clear of Third Stream classicism in his jazz work, aiming more at an earthy, hard-swinging piano style at times reminiscent of Horace Silver. Tar du service hos oss veit du at bilen din er i trygge hender. Januar 2016 kom han hjem til Skien, og underskrev en tre r lang kontrakt for Odd. Von Stanley Sadie, London 2001, Vol. With David Rose and His Orchestra). In 1970 he was nominated for a Tony Award as part of Coco 's nomination for Best Musical. Before their divorce in 1979, Previn and Farrow had three biological children togethertwins Matthew and Sascha, born in 1970, and Fletcher, born in 1974.
Previn is the winner of four Academy Awards for his film work and ten Grammy Awards for his recordings (and one more for his Lifetime Achievement.
Bienvenue sur le site de sarl L auberge.


text:
About SteelZero
Join SteelZero
Contact SteelZero
SteelZero launches in India with support from leading Indian businesses
14 July 2022, 7:49 BST 2 min read
Today, the international non-profit Climate Group, in partnership with ResponsibleSteel, is launching SteelZero in India, a global initiative that brings together leading organisations to speed up the transition to a net zero steel industry.
India is the second-largest producer of steel after China. Emissions from India's steel industry are projected to triple over the next three decades (source: IEA). The country's push to meet its net zero targets will rely heavily on the decarbonisation of its steel sector. SteelZero brings together businesses across the steel industry to make a public commitment to buy and use 50% low emission steel by 2030, setting a clear pathway to using 100% net zero steel by 2050.
The Indian launch event saw key addresses from Amitabh Kant, India's Sherpa to G20 and Sajjan Jindal, Chairman, JSW and Chairman, World Steel Association to kick start important discussions on the ecosystem needed in India to decarbonise steel. A panel featuring Derek Shah, Senior VP, Head Green Energy Business, Larsen & Toubro; Neha Verma, Director, Ministry of Steel; Capt. Prashant Widge, Head of Responsible Ship Recycling, A. P. Moller-Maersk; Sanjiv Paul, Vice President, TATA Steel; and Shiva Kumar, Policy and Impacts Director, ResponsibleSteel shared their support for the initiative and explored its potential to have a significant impact on investment, policy, manufacturing and production of net zero steel in India.
Amitabh Kant, India's Sherpa to G20 said: "It is time that climate action is recognised as a competitive advantage by the industry. Initiatives like SteelZero will mark the beginning of a long and productive road ahead for climate especially for decarbonising the steel industry. I encourage the approach taken by SteelZero to orient market dynamics in favor of increasing procurement of low carbon steel through corporate action."
Divya Sharma, India Executive Director at Climate Group, said: "The launch of SteelZero in India is an important moment to ensure we stay on track to achieve our ambitious climate targets. We look forward to working with Indian companies who are getting on board with the importance of acquiring responsible steel, being right at the forefront of climate-friendly business practices."
Sajjan Jindal, Chairman, JSW and Chairman, World Steel Association said: "The steel industry is committed to reducing the carbon footprint from its operations and from its end products. We support the role of SteelZero as a unifying demand initiative that seeks collaboration across the demand and supply ecosystem, jointly working towards speeding up the transition to a net zero steel industry. We welcome the launch of SteelZero in India."
In the coming months, Climate Group will launch a Net Zero Steel Demand Outlook report based on the Indian steel demand landscape. Companies will then be invited to join working groups for individual steel-using sectors with the objective of supporting them in adopting net zero or low carbon steel. Climate Group will also publish an insights report for each identified sector resulting from the working group discussions.
Climate Group would like to acknowledge the pivotal support of EdelGive Foundation and Council of Philanthropies for Climate Action on seed funding SteelZero in India. The initiative is also supported by Stichting SED Fund and the We Mean Business Coalition.


text:
Q: jQuery change nested html elements I have a wrong generated piece of html code:

Some Value
    link1
    link2
    link3
    link4

How can I change this with jQuery at runtime that will be like this:

Some Value

    link1
    link2
    link3
    link4

P.S. There can be any number of links within the h1 element.

A: $('.title').after($('
').append($('.title').children())).html($('.title').text().trim());

Edit: If you have multiple
 elements, you can loop through them:

$(function() {
  $('.title').each(function() {
    $(this).after($('
').append($(this).children())).html($(this).text().trim());
  });
});

Some Value
    link1
    link2
    link3
    link4

A: I'm not sure if every h1 element will have the 'title' class so I implemented for every instance of h1.
$("h1").each(function() {
    var innerhtml = "
";
    $(this).find("a").each(function() {
        innerhtml += $(this).html();
    });
    innerhtml += "
";
    $(this).html(innerhtml);
});

A: to your html

Some Value
    link 1
    link 2
    link 3
    link 4

script:
$(document).ready(function() {
    var links = $('h1.title a');
    $('h1.title').after('

');
    $('p.movehere').append(links);
    $('h1.title a').remove();
});

http://codepen.io/anon/pen/KpjbpM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Join HLSA for a panel discussion of the case Knight First Amendment Institute v. Trump and how the first amendment was used to win the case. We are joined by Rebecca Buckwalter-Poza, one of the plaintiffs of the case who was blocked by President Trump on Twitter, as well as Professor Powell, head of the First Amendment Clinic. Co-sponsored by OutLaw, and the First Amendment Clinic. For more information please contact Ana Maganto Ramirez at ana.maganto.ramirez@lawnet.duke.edu.


Amazon has got this American Girl Zipper Purse Crafts Kit for just $7.49. There are only a few of these left so if your daughter is an American Girl fan, snap this one up as soon as you can!
Bella toaster oven for $8.99!! Grab this now for Pesach!
Keurig K15 for $59.99 on Amazon!