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Toronto History Museums
Museum Sites
A view of Colborne Lodge from the exterior.
Colborne Lodge
Cannon at Fort York National Historic Site
Gibson House from the exterior.
Gibson House Museum
A view of Market Gallery from the exterior.
Market Gallery
A view of Mackenzie House from the exterior.
Mackenzie House
A view of Montgomery's Inn from the exterior.
Montgomery's Inn
A view of Scarborough Museum from the exterior.
Scarborough Museum
A view of Spadina Museum from the exterior.
Spadina Museum
A view of Todmorden Mills from the exterior.
Todmorden Mills
A view of Zion Schoolhouse from the exterior.
Zion Schoolhouse
Explore & Enjoy
History, Art & Culture
Montgomery's Inn
An historic inn that is just as lively now as it was in the 1830s.
Built in the 1830s to shelter travellers, Montgomery's Inn brought people together from the surrounding area and beyond over food, drink, games, and more. More than 170 years later, it's still doing just that. This lively museum gives visitors the opportunity to see how a 19th-century Canadian inn was run from ballroom to bedrooms, with a kitchen and bar still in full working order.
Go behind the scenes and hear the diverse stories of people who traversed the grounds from Chinese market gardeners to an employee who escaped his enslavement in the United States through the Underground Railroad.
Come for the history, stay for the pub nights, ghost stories, live music, dancing, and more. Weekly farmers markets bring neighbours together over freshly-baked bread and seasonal fruits and vegetables; while Sunday teas, hearth cooking demonstrations and community art exhibits offer a wider range of experiences that look at the past, present, and future of the neighbourhood.
Montgomery's Inn gathered communities around food, drink, news and laughter. Keep that spirit alive today: there's always something happening at the Inn.
Free Admission & Hours
General admission is free. Some exhibitions and events may carry a separate charge where noted.
Wednesday to Sunday: 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.
The Farmers' Market re-opens January 11.
See the Farmers' Market section for more details about the weekly event.
Special Exhibits & Events
Browse the Toronto History Museums Calendar to find special exhibits and events happening at this and other museum sites.
COVID-19 Health and Safety Measures
As of March 21, 2022, Ontario has lifted provincial masking provisions for Museums and Heritage Services with the City of Toronto. In addition, the City's mandatory mask by-law is no longer in effect. The general public is not required to wear a mask but may choose to wear a mask in any settings they wish and will be supported in doing so. Museum visitors are treated with respect and understanding, regardless of their decision to wear a mask.
Public washrooms with changing facilities
Partial accessibility. Access is by way of a flight of four stairs and includes uneven surfaces
Please call 416-394-8113 for specific accessibility questions
Outdoor picnic area in Tom Riley Park
Effective January 1, 2023, groups of 15 people or more will be charged a fee for their visits. This fee includes a reserved time for your group and a dedicated tour guide to ensure an enjoyable and engaging experience.
For more information on group tours, fees, or to book your group visit, email montinn@toronto.ca. Please contact us 14 days in advance of your preferred visit date. Groups without an advanced booking may not be accommodated.
Please note there is no on-site parking available as upgrades to the parking lot at Montgomery's Inn are underway. The nearest parking is permitted on Montgomery Road after 2 p.m. on weekdays and all day on weekends.
Alternatively, the Etobicoke Lawn Bowling Club offers free parking.
By Transit
Take the Bloor/Danforth subway line to Islington station and either walk north or board the Islington 37 northbound bus. Visitors can enter the museum from the Dundas Street West sidewalk. Please note access is by way of a flight of four stairs and includes uneven surfaces. For specific TTC route and schedule information call 416-393-4636 (INFO) or visit the TTC website.
4709 Dundas Street West
Montgomery's Inn was once part of a 400-acre farm which supplied food for the Montgomery family, guests of the inn and for retail sale. Much of this land continued to be farmed by tenant farmers through the 1940s. Though the farm is long gone, we celebrate the Inn's agricultural roots once again by offering farm-fresh produce for sale.
Market Location and Hours
The Farmers' Market continues indoors 2 to 6 p.m. every Wednesday starting on January 11.
Montgomery's Inn was designed in the Loyalist or late Georgian architectural style, and was deemed Classical because it had been inspired by ancient Greek and Roman architecture. Features such as the centre-hall plan, the symmetrical balance of the building and the fanlight over the front door are typical. The Inn is built of rubble stone and was originally covered with pebble-dashed stucco, finished, or "coined," on the corners to give the appearance of cut stone.
After Thomas Montgomery's death in 1877, the contents of the building were sold at auction. The furnishings in the museum are either donated or purchased pieces of Canadian, American and English origin and reflect those of a conservative country innkeeper. The paint colours on the walls and woodwork are similar to the original colours, which were discovered by scraping down to the original coat of paint in each room.
Self-Guided Neighbourhood Tours
Museum & Cultural Centre Rentals
© City of Toronto 1998 - 2023
Accessibility at the City of Toronto


text:
Pitohui är ett släkte som tillhör familjen gyllingar (Oriolidae) inom ordningen tättingar och finns endast på Nya Guinea. Fåglarnas fjädrar och skinn innehåller giftet homobatrachotoxin (HBTX). Fåglarna får troligen i sig giftet genom att äta skalbaggar som finns i samma område. Idag urskiljs vanligen fyra arter i släktet:
 Svarthuvad pitohui (Pitohui dichrous)
 Sydlig pitohui (Pitohui uropygialis)
 Rajaampatpitohui (Pitohui cerviniventris)
 Nordlig pitohui (Pitohui kirhocephalus)

Tidigare inkluderades flera andra arter i släktet, men genetiska studier visar att de inte är nära släkt och har därmed blivit tilldelade mer korrekta svenska trivialnamn:
 Vitnäbbad visslare (Pseudorectes incertus), vitögd visslare (Pseudorectes ferrugineus) och svartvisslare (Melanorectes nigrescens) i familjen visslare (Pachycephalidae)
 Rostklockfågel (Ornorectes cristatus) i nybildade familjen klockfåglar (Oreoicidae)

Fågelsläkten

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Campaign - 59m 8s ago
Missing Texas toddler reunited with family 51 years later
by Markie Martin and Nexstar Media Wire - 11/29/22 1:40 PM ET
(NewsNation) — For the first time in more than 50 years, the Highsmiths are together again.
In 1971, at just 22 months old, Melissa Highsmith was abducted from her Fort Worth, Texas, home. She was under the care of a babysitter the family had never met — a woman who had answered an ad in the paper. Melissa's mother asked her roommate at the time to give Melissa to the babysitter, and the toddler was never seen again.
"I'm very angry about the way she was kidnapped, and the kidnapper taking 51 years of my joy away from me," Jeffrie Highsmith, Melissa's father, said.
A five-decades-long search for Melissa began, and her photo was plastered everywhere in an attempt to get the word out.
Melissa's story resurfaced this fall when an anonymous tipster said a woman she spotted in South Carolina resembled the age-progression photo released by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.
Missing Ohio woman last seen in October found dead in Pennsylvania
It wasn't Melissa, but the tip did encourage her dad to use a DNA kit from the company 23andMe. His DNA came up as a close match with Melissa's kids.
"And it came back as her children, my grandchildren … and I just started weeping and crying," Jeffrie said. "My daughters were crying, 'She's alive, she's alive!'"
Jeffrie messaged Melissa on Facebook, telling her he had been looking for her for 51 years. Melissa, who had been renamed Melanie by her abductor, had lived most of her life just 10 minutes down the road from where she'd been taken.
"I could have probably seen my picture at the DPS and I wouldn't have even taken a second glance, you know?" she said.
The family and law enforcement are now figuring out how to move forward. The alleged abductor has not yet been arrested or charged.
Melissa Highsmith said she "feels like Cinderella" after being reunited with her family, and they plan to spend the rest of their lives getting to know one another. Melissa also said she intends to use "Melissa" as her name, as Melanie no longer feels true to her. She's planning to remarry in the spring, too, so her dad can walk her down the aisle.
"They never gave up hope," Melissa said. "You know, I didn't think anybody was there looking for me, but they never gave up hope."
"For me it's a lifelong dream come true," Jeff Highsmith, Melissa's brother, said. "If I could ask God for anything else, I wouldn't need to. He's already given me everything I ever wanted."
Tags Missing children Reunited family Texas
More News News
by Brett Samuels 14 mins ago
Administration / 14 mins ago
by The Associated Press 2 hours ago

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Arizona state parks plug away without tax funds
December 7, 2014 March 18, 2014 by Arizona Heritage Alliance
[Source: Mary Jo Pitzel, Arizona Republic] – There's no money to construct boat ramps at Lake Havasu State Park or fix a leaky roof at Kartchner Caverns' visitor center.
Nor are all Arizona state parks open year-round, or even all week.
And any thought of expansion is a pipe dream, because the parks have gone five years and counting without any money from the state's general fund.
But, really, things are OK with state parks. So says the agency director, as well as friends and supporters of the 31-property system, who rallied to help keep parks open in the face of apparently irreversible budget cuts.
Kept afloat by partnerships, fee increases and volunteer labor, state parks are a bit like the tattered flag that flaps over a hard-fought battleground. They're still there. But questions persist about how long the alliances that sustain them will last.
"The business end of Arizona State Parks is very challenging," said parks director Bryan Martyn. Without general-fund support, which was cut in 2009, it's hard to predict how much money the system will have from year to year, he said.
For now, partnerships have worked well, said Bill Meek, president of the Arizona State Parks Foundation. But he wonders how long that will last.
"It's debatable how long some of these partnerships will go," he said. "Most are local governments, which have their own (budget) issues."
Some of these partners question why local government is picking up the tab for a state operation, Meek added.
In Flagstaff, a partnership knitted together under the threat of shuttering a historic Arts and Crafts-era home has kept the Riordan Mansion State Historic Park open. The Arizona Historical Society took over operation of the 13,000-square-foot mansion, with assistance from the Riordan Action Network, a network of community supporters.
"State Parks (crews) were coming up here, and they were measuring all the windows for plywood," said park manager Joe Meehan, recalling the days when the park teetered on the brink of closure. If the house is closed for a year, it reverts to the Riordan family, according to a stipulation written into the deed when the house was turned over to the state in 1986.
Supporters convened community meetings, and out of that grew the action network and a partnership with the historical society.
Meehan, a curator at the nearby Pioneer Museum in Flagstaff, split his time and moved to the mansion to take over as park manager.
"This park is very special to the community," he said. "It is a showpiece, and it is a piece of art."
It also is a big piece of Flagstaff history, built at the turn of the 20th century by the two brothers who ran an area lumber mill. Tim and Michael Riordan, along with their spouses, built two mirror-image houses, connected by a large common area they called "the cabin." The sprawling mansion was nicknamed the "ultimate duplex," boasting 40 rooms.
The mansion, one of several historic sites in the state parks' portfolio, fit well with the historical society's mission, said Bill Peterson, the historical society's northern-division director.
The society signed a three-year agreement to run the mansion, saving it from closure at the height of the state's deep budget cuts. The deal has been renewed for another three years.
Gwen Groth helped found the Riordan Action Network in 2009, propelled by her love of history and the mansion's role in Flagstaff's story.
The network counts a few hundred members, some even stretching to the Riordans' home country of Ireland, but it has fallen to a small corps of locals to raise the money that has helped the mansion keep its doors open.
To date, the network has raised $70,000. In the early days, it paid for roof replacement and other maintenance costs.
But Groth said it's been nearly a year since the group has had to contribute operating expenses, since the park was doing well on fees, concession proceeds and support from the historical society.
That's freed up money for special projects, like supplies for the mansion's many gardens and lighting for the courtyard, the site of weddings and other special events.
Between the network support and the partnership with the historical society, Riordan Mansion is faring well. Admission fees and collections from other events are up. The park got a big boost last fall when the federal government's budget stalemate closed Grand Canyon National Park. Tourists were looking for alternatives, and Riordan was an easy option, Meehan said.
But is this arrangement strong enough to keep the park running in the long run?
"It's tough," Meehan said. "But it's working right now. It's worked for three years."
That sense of uncertainty is common among other parks supporters.
Martyn said the parks have benefited from a $1 million appropriation that lawmakers negotiated in this year's budget. A bill pushed by Sens. Sen. Steve Pierce, R-Prescott, and Steve Farley, D-Tucson, took a portion of the interest earned on the state's "rainy-day fund" and split it evenly between the parks and the Commission on the Arts.
Martyn said the money allowed the agency to bring electricity to campgrounds at three parks, making them more attractive to visitors with recreational vehicles and campers.
"That $1 million will turn into $5 million over the next five years," Martyn said, counting on an uptick from visitors with RVs.
However, there are no indications the appropriation will continue next year. And a reliable source of parks funding — money from boat-registration fees — could be redirected to county governments for lake improvements if House Bill 2149 becomes law.
Some of the partnerships are dialing back their financial contributions. For example, the Hopi Tribe used to provide $175,000 a year to Homolovi State Park, which is on the reservation. It's now $50,000, Martyn said.
For the past three years, Yavapai County contributed $90,000 a year to help support the five state parks within its boundaries. Now, it's nothing.
"They don't have the money," Martyn said.
As the support ebbs, the needs pile up.
The parks have $4 million in capital needs. Projects on the waiting list range from running a water line from Benson to Kartchner Caverns State Park to building gallows for Tombstone Courthouse State Historic Park.
At the Parks Foundation, Meek takes some comfort from the business plans that have been developed for each of the parks. They are designed to help the parks maximize their revenue and make them self-sustaining.
He believes parks need to forget help from lawmakers "as long as the Republicans are running the Legislature."
The parks' long list of needs makes self-sufficiency a difficult goal.
"They have a whole bunch of capital needs just waiting to pounce on them," Meek said. "They're one circumstance from being shut down.
"What happens when the wastewater system at Buckskin (Mountain State Park) breaks and starts spewing into the Colorado River?"
Categories Arizona State Budget, Arizona State Parks Foundation, Budget, State Parks Tags Arizona Commision on the Arts, Bill Meek, Bill Peterson, Bryan Martyn, Buckskin State Park State Park, Grand Canyon National Park, Gwen Groth, Homolovi Ruins State Park, Hopi Tribe, Joe Meehan, Kartchner Caverns, Lake Havasu State Park, Mary Jo Pitzel, Pioneer Museum of Flagstaff, Riordan Action Network, Riordan Mansion State Historic Park, Steve Farley, Steve Pierce, Tim and Michael Riordan, Tombstone Courthouse State Historic Park Leave a comment
County, state parks OK after big storms
[Source: John Stanley, The Arizona Republic]
Anyone headed out to enjoy county or state parks or hike the Grand Canyon this weekend should encounter few, if any, problems from this week's violent storms.
Storms dumped plenty of rain and hail, but there were no reports of significant damage in Maricopa County and Arizona State parks, officials said.
"It was pretty violent," said John Gunn, supervisor at Spur Cross Ranch Conservation Area, north of Cave Creek. "In the nine years I've been here at Spur Cross, I've never seen it rain that hard. It was unbelievable, nearly whiteout conditions."
Although hail at the park "pounded the trees pretty good," he said, the storm did no other damage.
None of the trails is closed at the 2,154-acre park.
None of the other members of the park system reported any damage, according to Maricopa County Parks spokeswoman Dawna Taylor.
The Los Alamos Day Use Area at Dead Horse Ranch State Park in Cottonwood was closed temporarily due to flooding, but is now open, according to Ellen Bilbrey, spokeswoman for the state park system. The park itself was never closed.
The Verde River Greenway Complex, temporarily inaccessible due to high water, is also open again.
There were no other reports of damage to state park trails or properties, Bilbrey said.
At the Grand Canyon, a little hail was reported at Desert View, at the east end of the park, but the weather wasn't bad at the South Rim, Grand Canyon National Park spokeswoman Maureen Oltrogge said.
All trails in the Canyon are open, as are all facilities.
The lodge on the North Rim lost electrical power Tuesday afternoon. Power has been restored, said Shannon Marcak, also a spokeswoman for the park. The North Rim will close for the season next Saturday.
Categories Local Parks, National Parks, State Parks Tags Dead Horse Ranch State Park, Grand Canyon National Park, Parks, State park, storm Leave a comment
Grand Canyon Quarter Launched In Park Ceremony
September 30, 2010 by Arizona Heritage Alliance
[Source: NPS Digest]
On Tuesday, September 21st, U.S. Mint, National Park Service and State of Arizona officials commemorated the launch of the Grand Canyon quarter, the fourth in the America the Beautiful quarter-dollar series, in a ceremony at the park.
It was a perfect fall day and the event was well attended by park staff, residents and visitors, as well as numerous classes from Grand Canyon schools. The event was held on the South Rim between the Hopi House and new Verkamp's Visitor Center.
Highlights included Grand Canyon Mounted Patrol presenting the United States and Arizona flags; the seventh grade class leading the Pledge of Allegiance; remarks by Superintendent Steve Martin, U.S. Mint Director Edmund Moy, Arizona State Parks Executive Director Renée Bahl, Arizona Office of Tourism Director Sherry Henry, and writer/author Scott Thybony; performances by the Pollen Trail Dancers; a ceremonial coin pour in to a Navajo basket; and the traditional distribution of free coins to youth and a coin exchange for adults.
"Throughout history, coins have depicted famous people, historical events and important places," said Martin. "So, we were honored when Grand Canyon National Park was chosen for an America the Beautiful quarter."
The design for the quarter features the granaries above the Nankoweap Delta near the Colorado River. Used almost 1000 years ago for the storage of food and seeds, the granaries are among the most iconic archeological sites in the park and serve as a connection between modern day visitors, native peoples who lived in and traveled through the park for thousands of years, and the living tribes that work with the park today to preserve their ancestral heritage.
Categories National Parks Tags Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon National Park, Hopi House, NationalParkService, Travel and Tourism 1 Comment
Brewer panel want to privatize the operation of Arizona's State Parks
[Source: Howard Fischer, Capitol Media Services, via East Valley Tribute]
A panel appointed by Gov. Jan Brewer to study government made its first recommendations Tuesday to turn more of it over to the private sector.
The initial report by the Commission on Privatization and Efficiency suggested the state pursue more opportunities to turn parks over to private companies or at least let them operate retail concessions. Members also want to push Congress to repeal laws that now prohibit the state from letting private firms set up shop in rest areas along interstate highways.
Mark Brnovich. (Photo Credit: AZ Dept of Gaming)
But state Gaming Director Mark Brnovich, whom Brewer named to head the panel, said this is only the first step. He said the nine-member commission, hand-picked by the governor, is predisposed to believe that if a government service can be privatized, it probably should be.
"Like the governor, members of the commission are strong believers in the free enterprise system and the free market," Brnovich said in an interview with Capitol Media Services. "History has shown that the private sector is able to come up with innovative and, very often, cost-effective solutions to problems."
Brnovich acknowledged that private companies, unlike government, have to make a profit. But he said commission members don't see this as meaning higher costs for taxpayers.
"The free market system, capitalism works because folks are forced to come up with better ideas and create greater efficiencies and come up with new innovations," Brnovich said. He calls it the "yellow book test."
"If a function is available, if you can look at it and find it in the 'yellow book,' you should ask yourself, 'should government be doing that?'" Brnovich said. "And if government is doing it, should it be done in conjunction through public-private partnership or can it be done in a better, more efficient way?"
Brnovich said this initial list of options includes those things that either already are underway or can be done relatively simply.
For example, the state contracted last year with the city of Yuma to operate the Yuma Quartermaster Depot State Historic Park. And the Arizona Parks Board has since worked out other deals with local groups to help keep parks open.
The commission, however, wants more, including giving private companies the opportunity to actually run the parks, collect all admission fees and pay the state a percentage. The report suggests this would be profitable for private companies by allowing them to sell food and other items and even operate lodging, as concessionaires do at Grand Canyon National Park, albeit with the federal government still running that one.
Brnovich said that, despite the bent of commission members toward privatizing, that doesn't necessarily mean state agencies would be put out of business and employees laid off. He said these agencies could submit bids, just the same as private groups.
That concept, called "managed competition," has been used in some communities to award contracts for trash collection.
He said that concept will be studied before the final report is issued at the end of this year.
But Brnovich said measuring costs and benefits is only part of any analysis of what to privatize.
"Additionally, you have to ask the question, is this something government should be doing and, if so, can it be done in a better way and can it be done in conjunction with the private sector or by the private sector?" he said.
Brnovich said there are certain "core government functions" that, political philosophy aside, probably should not be farmed out. That includes his own agency which oversees tribal gaming.
He acknowledged there are functions within his office that might, under other circumstances, lend themselves to outsourcing, such as audits of the books of tribal casinos. But Brnovich said the secrecy required in the contracts with tribes makes it more logical for all that work to be done "in house," with employees who are subject to background checks.
Panel suggests steps to make Ariz. more efficient (seattletimes.nwsource.com)
Everybody Outsources (yglesias.thinkprogress.org)
Categories Arizona State Budget, State Parks Tags Arizona, Federal government of the United States, Government, Grand Canyon National Park, privatization, Yuma Quartermaster Depot State Historic Park Leave a comment


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What Is Money? This Author Dug Into the Fun History of How a Made-Up Thing Came to Rule the World
By: Noel Dávila
Noel Dávila
Staff Writer | Joined January 2020
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Originally Published: Oct 08, 2020
Originally Published: Oct 08, 2020 Last Updated: Feb 14, 2021 10 min read
https://money.com/planet-money-jacob-goldstein-money-true-story/
Sandy Honig/NPR; Money
Money is a fiction.
That doesn't mean that the bills in your wallet or the numbers in your bank account aren't real — it just suggests that the only reason money has value is because we believe it does. At least that's how Jacob Goldstein, host of NPR's Planet Money, explains it in his recently-released book, Money: The True Story of a Made-Up Thing. The book gathers fascinating accounts about money that go as far back as ancient times, all the way to the birth of cryptocurrency and the latest moves by the Fed.
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While some finance books may be dense and dry, Goldstein mixes his "true story" of money through insightful, peculiar tales — that are laugh-out-loud funny, too. Money caught up with Goldstein to talk about his new book, the evolution of currency over the centuries, and why we can all have more money.
Some questions and answers have been edited for brevity and clarity.
You present the history of money in a very detailed and even entertaining way. Where did the initial idea for this book come from?
When I got to Planet Money 10 years ago, I started doing historical stories and asking "what is money?" And it's a really interesting question. I was in my mid-30s and I thought of myself as well-informed about the world, but I realized I didn't really know what money was. When I started looking into it, what became clear is that there's this really rich history because money has been reinvented again and again. It became clear that following it over time, telling this series of origin stories of what money is and how people think about it would be a good book.
You write: "The thing that makes money money is trust." Does that mean the only thing that lends money any value is our willingness to believe in it?
I think you're right, yes. And clearly today, when we have money backed by nothing, that's true in a pretty straightforward way. You can't really do anything with a $100 bill that makes it worth $100. It's only the fact that people will give you stuff in exchange for that bill that makes it worth $100. In a subtler way, I think that was true even under the gold standard when $100 got you about five ounces of gold. But the "moneyness" of the gold is the trust. When a thing becomes money, whether it's gold or in other places cattle or cowrie shells, the money part is the trust. It's the belief that other people will accept the thing as money.
Why do you think people hold such beliefs and trust that money is...money?
That's a fun question. I mean, it's useful for us all to believe in it together. I thought of money in this very cold way because I associate greed and material gain with a very individualistic worldview. But money is a useful thing. It exists only when everybody gets together and agrees to believe in money. To me, that's a fun counterpoint to this kind of individualistic thing; there's a real collective belief that makes it work. And so, I think people believe it because it's useful and they believe it in practical terms because everybody else believes it.
HighBridge Company
We've talked about belief, trust, perception... all these abstract concepts. I think they go hand in hand with the notion that money is essentially a made-up thing. So, are there alternatives to money?
I think yes, depending on the sort of setting. There are and have been very small non-industrial societies, based on a group of people that is small enough that they all know each other. Traditionally, they're largely self-sufficient, so they make or grow most of what they need, and they have strong norms of reciprocity and giving. Those cultures can exist without money, so that's one end of the spectrum.
If you get to a bigger society, I feel like you can get by without money if you have a lot of centralized power. The Incas apparently didn't have money. The Emperor and his people took what was grown or made and gave it to other people as they saw fit. There is the tribute economy, where it's basically the government or the elites in some fashion deciding who gets what. So that's another option for a moneyless society.
Given those two options, I feel like we need money. I don't want to live in a society where somebody else takes everything I make and decides what I get or don't get. In the world I live in, I feel like I need money.
One of the chapters revolves around the idea that everyone can have more money. So, how can I get rich?
I assumed that if somebody is getting richer, then somebody else must be getting poorer. But that's not true. In the long arc of history, many, many people have gotten richer.
One really interesting way of understanding that is this study by an economist named Bill Nordhaus, where he looked at the history of artificial light so he could answer the question: If a typical worker at different points in history spends a day's wages to light up a room with artificial light, how long can the light last? And he found in ancient Babylon, a worker who spent all that they earned in a day to light up a room with sesame oil, it was like 10 minutes of light, and that persisted for a long time.
We had the industrial revolution in 1800 when productivity really took off. And productivity is an essential idea for how we can all have more money. The basic idea of productivity is, if you work for an hour, how much stuff do you make? How valuable is it? And what happens over the last couple hundred years is that with new machines and new technologies, we get better and better at making stuff, so that a worker today produces much more than a worker 100 years ago and can buy much more.
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Mario Draghi, the former president of the European Central Bank, uttered the phrase 'whatever it takes' during uncertainty in regard to the euro. You wrote: "The mere promise was enough to end a panic." Would you agree that a powerful figure can just make a statement and finances will be affected, for good or ill?
Yes, it's especially true with central banks. It's certainly true with the Federal Reserve in the U.S. It's basically about credibility. Central banks have the power to create money out of thin air by the trillions of dollars, and they are using that power now in the crisis. And if people believe central bankers, then a simple statement from them is very powerful.
We just saw the Fed shift the way it's going to think about inflation in the long run. Jerome Powell said we're going to leave interest rates lower for longer, we're going to let the economy run hotter, we're going to let unemployment come back down… and people move lots of money around based on what Powell says or what the head of the European Central Bank says because they believe them and because they are powerful. Just the promise to do something is super powerful.
Editor's note: Mario Draghi accepted a mandate to become prime minister of Italy, and after winning a vote of confidence, he was sworn in on February 13th, 2021.
Have your views on money changed since finishing the book?
One of the big lessons of the book for me is that money has changed again and again. So, we're not done. Money is going to continue to change, and I think it was hard for me to really feel that lesson. I think there's such a strong tendency to innately feel like the way the world works is the default setting. But in fact, there are lots of different ways to do money, have banks or not have banks, and the way we do money will almost certainly continue to change. And I think I am much more aware of that and much more humble about trying to predict what's going to happen, or even what would be good or bad.
Money: The True Story of a Made-Up Thing is out now.
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Q: Existential quantifier before/after the implication sign gives different contrapositives.

Notice that the existential quantifier for p is after the implication in the first statement, while it is before the implication in the second statement. And if you take the contrapositive for both those statements, in the first statement, the existential quantifier is negated to the universal quantifier. However, in the second statement, we can keep it as it is, as to not include it in our implication statement.
Since the contrapositives of the two statements are different, it seems to me that the original two statements are also different. However, when I try to explain the original two statements in plain English, I find myself uttering just the same sentences for both. Apparently it seems to me that I am making some logical mistake in my thinking process. Any help in identifying my mistake is appreciated.

A: Not correct: if $x$ is not free [free means: not quantified] in $\alpha$, then:

$(\alpha \to \exists x \beta) \leftrightarrow \exists x (\alpha \to \beta)$.

In your case $p$ is the $x$ and it is not free, simply because it does not occur at all, in $\forall n ( \text {Comp}(n) \to \ldots)$.
You have to take care about the "contrapositive: the first one will be:

$\forall n (\forall p \lnot R(n,p) \to \lnot \text {Comp}(n))$

and the second one will be:

$\forall n \exists p (\lnot R(n,p) \to \lnot \text {Comp}(n))$.

But we have also that, if $x$ is not free in $\alpha$:

$(\forall x \beta \to \alpha) \leftrightarrow \exists x (\beta \to \alpha)$.

Thus, the two "contraposed" versions are equivalent, and this is consistent with the fact that also the two original formulas are.

Intuitively, $\exists$ acts as a (potentially infinite) disjunction: $\exists n (n = 0)$ means: $(0 = 0) \lor (1 = 0) \lor (2 = 0) \lor \ldots$
This fact explains, intuitively again, why $\exists$ freely "distribute" over $\lor$; i.e. $\exists x (\alpha \lor \beta) \equiv (\exists x \alpha \lor \exists x \beta)$.
Thus, usig the equivalence between $p \to q$ and $\lnot p \lor q$, we can rewrite: $\exists x (\alpha \to \beta)$ as follows:

$\exists x (\lnot \alpha \lor \beta)$.

Now we can "distribute" the leading quantifier, getting:

$\exists x \lnot \alpha \lor \exists x \beta$.

But if $x$ does not occur free in $\alpha$ (for simplicity, we can assume that it does not occur at all) we have that $\exists x \lnot \alpha$ has the same meaning of $\lnot \alpha$, and thus we have again the new equivalent formula:

$\lnot \alpha \lor \exists x \beta$,

and finally, restoring $\to$:

$\alpha \to \exists x \beta$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Aarhus University, Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, offers a 2-year position at the post doctoral level within the area of mass spectrometric based analyses of food proteins and peptides, starting 1 April 2019.
The positon is within the field of impact of processing on molecular structures of food proteins, especially in dairy products. The molecular understanding in relation to food quality implies characterization of process induced markers, posttranslational modifications, formation of aggregates, effects of enzymatic treatments and impact on nutritional and health aspects, like digestibility. The use of mass spectrometry in combination with separation techniques and other protein chemistry analytical techniques for protein and peptide characterizations, identification and quantifications in both model systems and more complex food matrices are central for the position. Bioinformatics tools will be employed as part of the work. Therefore, we seek a candidate with strong analytical background in mass spectrometry and food science.
The Postdoc position is part of the Science Team 'Food Chemistry and Technology' at the Department of Food Science. The candidate is expected to take part in teaching at BSc and MSc level, as well as participating in supervision of students. It is furthermore expected that the postdoc candidate participates in attracting funding for further research in the area.
The place of work is Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark and the area of employment is Aarhus University with related Departments. As from 1. November, 2019 the Department will relocate to a new site and the place of work will be Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.


text:
OAS experts dispute Haiti election result
OAS officials in Haiti said they were still working on the final version of the report on the election results.
A leaked report on Haiti's disputed Nov. 28 elections by Organization of American States experts recommends that a government-backed presidential candidate be eliminated from a second-round run-off, a U.S. media report said on Monday.
The Associated Press, which said it had obtained a copy of the OAS team's draft report, cited the document as challenging the preliminary election results released on Dec. 7 by Haiti's Provisional Electoral Council (CEP), which had put government technocrat Jude Celestin in the second round.
The Provisional Electoral Council said it had not yet received the final report by the OAS experts who have worked since late last month to verify the contested results from the chaotic presidential and legislative polls.
At a news conference with Haitian journalists late on Monday, outgoing President Rene Preval also indicated that he had not seen the report.
"I have nothing to say about the (OAS) recommendations because I have not read them," Preval said. "I don't have them in my hands."
The leaked report's recommendation seemed likely to roil the edgy political climate in Haiti just days before the country and the international community commemorate the first anniversary of the Jan. 12 quake.
The preliminary Dec. 7 results triggered several days of street riots and protests, mostly by supporters of third-place candidate and popular musician Michel Martelly who was edged out of the second round by Celestin. Both finished behind opposition matriarch Mirlande Manigat, who received the most votes in the first round, but not enough for an outright win.
"The Provisional Electoral Council does not have the OAS report," CEP Director-General Pierre-Louis Opont told Reuters.
OAS officials in Haiti said they were still working on the final version of the report on the election results to be delivered to the CEP and Preval.
"We don't have a final report as yet, we're working on it ... We hope to have it finished by the end of the day," said Ambassador Colin Granderson, who heads a joint OAS-Caribbean Community mission that observed the Nov. 28 elections.
OAS and CEP officials said they could not comment on the contents of the leaked OAS report as cited by the Associated Press. One official called the leak "disappointing."
The leaked report cited by the Associated Press said the OAS experts found correct election procedures had not been followed and that there were signs that vote tally sheets had been altered.
According to the review quoted by the Associated Press, Martelly, a star of Haiti's Kompa music, would end up in second place in the first round with 22.2 percent, while Preval protege Celestin would drop to third place, and out of the second round, with 21.9 percent.
Manigat would remain in first place and in the second round with 31.6 percent of the vote.
This compared with the preliminary results announced on Dec. 7 by the CEP which gave Manigat 31.37 percent, Celestin 22.48 percent, and Martelly 21.84 percent.
Election observers say that even if the CEP heeds the OAS experts' findings, it still has to complete a disputes procedure before it can formally announce final revised results from the Nov. 28 first round vote.
This means Haiti will not be able to hold a presidential election second round run-off before February.
Magnitude 6.4 earthquake hits Argentina
Venezuelan crisis splits world into two camps
In phone call, Putin supports Venezuela's Maduro
Venezuelan army rejects 'self-proclaimed president'
Venezuela's Maduro cuts ties with US amid protests


Wanna know how he got this rich and fame? Samuel dropped out of school to train with the Kadji Sports Academy in Douala when he was just 14 and then got into the Indomitable Lions squad at just 19. Then he began signing contracts with clubs. From every club he played, he left a deep impact as a black player and made a lot of dough from his more than 200 goals he scored on the pitch. For an African, that was incredible especially winning the 'Pitchichi" (highest goal scorer) in Spain.
Eto'o told The Sun: "My passion is cars. I like to see them, change them and drive them. When I am down, I get in one of my cars and it lifts me.
Eto'o rides the world's most expensive car – A Bugatti Veyron and stands the only African footballer who actually owns one. He also has a Ferrari, a Bentley, A Lamborghini, a hummer jeep, a Porch and a family bus. He doesn't purchase the wheels for himself alone, almost every member in his nuclear family rides in something big! Not long ago, Samuel spent 4million pounds on four exotic cars. He bought a £1.55m Bugatti Veyron, an Aston Martin One-77 worth £1.25m, a luxury Maybach Xenatec worth £750,000 and an Aston Martin V12 Zagato worth £450,000.


The new Gdańsk in Your Pocket is out. Get the PDF.
As more people discover the cities of Gdansk, Sopot and Gdynia, so the things on offer for them continues to improve. Once upon a time it was enough to simply open a bar, café or restaurant to get into Gdansk In Your Pocket. Nowadays, the standard of places already in the guide mean a new place really needs to make a mark to make it in. This issue has seen a bunch of new places make the grade, while others join the extended selection you'll find on our website. Take a look, and let us know what you think of those that made, and did not make, the cut.
Those of you looking forward to the next big event in the tourism market – the opening of the Museum of the Second World War – shouldn't have that long to wait. If what we hear is true that should be open before our next print issue in May. Fingers crossed.
Until then, thanks for reading this guide and please enjoy what we put together in our app, our blog, our website and all of our various social media accounts which you'll find at iyp.me/go-poland.
The Four Quarters Fountain at the corner of ul. Grobla I marks the spot where the historic four quarters of the city met (Szeroki, Wysoki, Rybacki and Kogi - Wide, High, Fish and Ship).
There are some monuments and statues which stand as famous landmarks and the calling cards of cities – you just need to think of New York's Statue of Liberty or London's Nelson's Column as two well-known examples. We have always enjoyed seeking out the lesser known monuments just as much as the well-known ones, as we always find you can learn a lot about a city and its history by discovering the kind of people and the events that the residents and authorities of that city decided to honour with a lasting memorial. The 'lesser' monuments are quite often hidden in plain sight, maybe tended to a little less as the person or event that was honoured loses importance as the years past. In these cities, with their, at times, tumultuous history what were seen as memorial inspiring people and events for one group are seen as completely the opposite by another and the monuments often reflect that clearly. Some become little more than resting places for pigeons or worse. To track them down and to understand the inscriptions can often shed new light on a city and its history. So, while we of course urge you to seek out the Neptune statue in Gdansk, the Tri-city's most famous and photographed statue, we also suggest you keep an eye for these lesser known or more obscure memorials. Read about them in this edition's main feature.


Welcome on my personal website !
My name is Antoine Jacquet and I'm 38 years old.
My nickname is "Royale" (the name of a rollerskating trick).
This website is hosted on my personal server zeRezo.com.
irssistats, which allows to generate IRC stats based on irssi logs.
jMoule, a frontend for mlDonkey.
FAPG, a tool to generate list of audio files.
zr364xx, a project which attempts to bring support under Linux for some webcams.
zeRace, a little 2D car racing game.
I talk a bit about my life on my blog when I have time and fun to do it.
If you want to know more about what I do in life (more serious version), take a look at my resume.


A real estate investment business deeply involved in the student housing and multifamily sectors is staking a bigger claim in senior living through a new joint venture to develop 14 communities.
CA Senior, LLC (CAS), the senior housing platform of Chicago-based real estate investing and holding company CA Ventures, has entered into a joint venture with an affiliate of Goldman, Sachs & Co. to develop 14 senior housing communities across the country. Goldman Sachs will serve as a capital provider in the joint venture.
The first project in the pipeline is a 101-unit development located in Mason, Ohio. The community will contain 68 assisted living units and 33 memory care units, and is expected to be completed in the summer of 2017.
CAS' parent company, CA Ventures, opened its doors in 2004 with a focus in student housing, but the company has since expanded into multi-family residential, office, hospitality and senior housing.
CAS has chosen Senior Lifestyle, a national senior housing operator that has been around for more than 30 years, to manage the first development.
In the formation of the joint venture, CAS was advised by Evercore Partners, which acted as a financial advisor, and Polsinelli, which acted as a legal adviser.
The joint venture is the latest example of real estate businesses with focuses in other industries partnering with established senior housing operators and capital providers to seize on opportunities in the space. Last year, another multifamily real estate company, Alliance Residential Company, jumped into space with billion-dollar ambitions for a senior housing pipeline. Other recent entrants include The Wolff Company and Drever Capital Management.
CAS did not respond to requests for comment from SHN as of press time.


To his family and friends, Steven Ginoza was an outgoing and active 28-year old, a beloved son and brother, a gift. To the transplant recipients whose lives he saved, he is a hero.
A civil engineer at the Honolulu Board of Water Supply, Steven was a kind and generous man who gave back in my ways. Steven continued on with his giving spirit by becoming an organ donor after a tragic accident took his life. Steven's gift touched the lives of four people when they became recipients of his heart, kidneys and his liver.


VERY CLEAN 4 BEDROOM ON CORNER LOT. SEPARATE LIVING ROOM AND DEN. WITH CORNER FIREPLACE. KITCHEN OPEN TO DEN AND BREAKFAST AREA. REFRIGERATOR AND STOVE TO REMAIN. REFRIGERATED AIR. EXTERIOR REPAIRS AND PAINT IN PROGRESS.YARD TO BE CLEANED PRIOR TO TENANT MOVE-IN.


Starting in Microsoft Windows 3.1 (MSW31), this Graphical User Interface (GUI) really began to change how we use computers. Since, at the time, we, Computer Logics, wanted to connect to a mainframe network, this meant adding lots of 3rd party software, to, for instance added tcp/ip protocol suite, until the arrival of version 3.11. Thankfully MS began to include full 'communications' software as part of the OS.
This 16-bit Operating System (OS) started to address multitasking and memory problems. This was the era of breaking the 1 MB, actually the 640 KB, Random Access Memory (RAM) barrier, and successfully using the hard disk system to massively extend memory, real and virtual, through disk file 'swapping'.
As Intel, and others, brought 32-bit CPU's into the then personal computer, there was a chance to re-write a new OS. OS/2, initially an IBM, MS joint effort, was born, but quite quickly MS broke off to bring out MS Windows 95 (MSW95). Lots of great ideas and innervations went into this new GUI, with a lot of emphasis on the so call 'User Friendly' initiative.
It seems many pundits commented that MSW95 still contained a lot of 16-bit code, and quite quickly MS released their "New Technology" OS, Windows NT, starting a second stream of their OS, with more security, scalability, etc. There was little obvious visual change, but as a programmer, working under the hood so to speak, there were very obvious differences. For a start it began to be difficult to continue to run certain 16-bit applications, but lots more was happening.
Or, in C++, if you had designed a structure or a class you only needed to type the variable followed by a dot (.), or an indirect reference through "->", and the members of the object would be listed in a tooltip. All you had to do was choose an element, hit the tab key, and the IDE typed the code for you. This really helped avoiding stupid code, and gave many thousands more developers access to coding. But it can not help avoid bad code ... I guess only experience gives you some of that knowledge.
Much of this came about as Microsoft continued to develop its Windows OS. With each OS grade, the tools to develop applications, components, objects improved, many times because it was 'visual'. Some low level items remained quite difficult as the hardware moved on, but the application layer exploded.


This necklace brings on the color — an unexpected twist in your Herkimer "diamond" quartz collection. But who can deny the beauty of quartz paired with Sleeping Beauty turquoise when you see it for yourself? This necklace is a sweeping success of stones.
Love the Blue Blue Turquoise!
Love the pop of color from this beautiful Turquoise!Now I have two favorite stones,Herkimer and Sleeping Beauty!The herks are smaller than 6mm on most of the necklace but it makes the herks smoother on the neck!


text:
package org.conqat.engine.graph.nodes;

import org.conqat.engine.core.core.ConQATException;

import edu.uci.ics.jung.graph.ArchetypeGraph;
import edu.uci.ics.jung.graph.ArchetypeVertex;
import edu.uci.ics.jung.graph.impl.DirectedSparseVertex;

/**
 * This is a child node for the ConQATGraphNode hierarchy and at the same time a
 * vertex for the base graph of the hierarchy.
 *
 * @author Tilman Seifert
 * @author Benjamin Hummel
 * @author $Author: kinnen $
 * @version $Rev: 41751 $
 * @ConQAT.Rating GREEN Hash: 8640DE3CCF92C75B7E13F265A092874B
 */
public class ConQATVertex extends DirectedSparseVertex implements
		IConQATGraphVertex {

	/** The unique name. */
	private String id;

	/** The local name. */
	private String name;

	/** The parent node. */
	private ConQATGraphInnerNode parent;

	/** The ConQAT graph we belong to. */
	private ConQATGraph graph;

	/**
	 * Hidden constructor. Use the
	 * {@link ConQATGraph#createVertex(String, String, ConQATGraphInnerNode)}
	 * factory method instead.
	 *
	 * @param id
	 *            the globally (in this graph) unique identifier.
	 * @param name
	 *            the local name of this vertex.
	 * @param graph
	 *            the ConQAT graph we belong to.
	 */
	/* package */ConQATVertex(String id, String name, ConQATGraph graph) {
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.graph = graph;
	}

	/**g
	 * {@inheritDoc}
	 *

	 * Augments copy by also duplicating id and name.
	 */
	@Override
	public ArchetypeVertex copy(ArchetypeGraph g) {
		ConQATVertex vertex = (ConQATVertex) super.copy(g);
		vertex.id = id;
		vertex.name = name;
		return vertex;
	}

	/**
	 * {@inheritDoc}}
	 *
	 * @throws UnsupportedOperationException
	 *             don't try to clone a single vertex without the whole graph.
	 */
	@Override
	public IConQATGraphVertex deepClone() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
				"cloning is not supported by itself (only in conjunction "
						+ "with the whole graph)");
	}

	/** {@inheritDoc} */
	@Override
	public Object getValue(String key) {
		return getUserDatum(key);
	}

	/** {@inheritDoc} */
	@Override
	public void setValue(String key, Object value) {
		setUserDatum(key, value, DeepCloneCopyAction.getInstance());
	}

	/** {@inheritDoc} */
	@Override
	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	/** {@inheritDoc} */
	@Override
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	/** Sets the local name of this node. */
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	/** Sets the id of this node. */
	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	/** Returns null. */
	@Override
	public IConQATGraphNode[] getChildren() {
		return null;
	}

	/** Returns false. */
	@Override
	public boolean hasChildren() {
		return false;
	}

	/** Returns the parent node. */
	@Override
	public ConQATGraphInnerNode getParent() {
		return parent;
	}

	/** Set a the parent. */
	/* package */void setParent(ConQATGraphInnerNode parent) {
		this.parent = parent;
	}

	/** {@inheritDoc} */
	@Override
	public void remove() {
		if (parent != null) {
			parent.removeVertex(this);
		}
		graph.removeVertexFromGraph(this);
	}

	/** Attaches the vertex to another inner node. */
	public void relocate(ConQATGraphInnerNode newParent) throws ConQATException {
		if (parent != null) {
			parent.removeVertex(this);
		}
		newParent.addVertex(this);
	}

	/** This is used to fix the referenced ConQAT graph after cloning. */
	/* package */void setConQATGraph(ConQATGraph graph) {
		this.graph = graph;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


ADTRAN SDH/SONET SFP Modules deliver data rate of 155Mbps and 1.25 Gbps on single mode and multi-mode fibre. These modules can be working at Bi-directional input wavelengths of 1310nm/1490nm or may be working simply at single input wavelength of 1550nm. The ADTRAN SDH/SONET SFP Modules are designed to deliver data connectivity at the length of 10km to 80km on a single mode fibre. These high performance ADTRAN SDH/SONET SFP Modules are functional at industrial temperature range and are also applicable with Fibre Channel applications. Cozlink manufactures and supplies SDH/SONET SFP Modules that are conforming to prevalent industrial standards and are fully interchangeable with other brands such as Dell, HP, CISCO, HUAWEI, BROCADE, Finisar, Juniper and many others.


A friend of mine is about to open her first restaurant. Well, not really. She's a long way from being ready to open the doors. But the framing for the kitchen and bar area has been set. Now for all of you Entrepreneurs out there, well I'm sure you can agree with me…that's progress, right?
So earlier this week, before the sheetrock was mounted, she texted a group of friends and asked us to come write words of blessings on the frame boards. Naturally on a Monday night after a long day in daycare, my three-year-old did not want to go with me to some other location away from her toys and her room…to write words of blessing on someone's skeleton wall. In attempts to appeal to my three-year-old, I said these words, "Palmer, please come with me to a really cool space, and then afterwards we will come home and play with your toys!" She happily walked towards the car.
Fast forward a few steps as we entered the building, and she instantly cried aloud in terror, "Where are they! They're not here!" I didn't know what she was talking about, so I quickly handed her a purple marker and sent her towards the 2x4's to make her mark.
was screaming in hysterics with tears streaming down her face…all the other moms stared at me as if to cast blame because I couldn't control my child…but wait a minute, why was she crying?
It still hadn't occurred to me, the words I had spoken to her. I had said earlier, "Let's go check out a cool space." She had said, "May I have a purple space helmet?" Wait, what? It was all coming together now, I began to see why she was crying as she kept hollering for her purple space helmet…the purple space helmet I had promised her when we got to that really cool 'space'.
How often do we spend our precious hard-earned money on marketing…and market the wrong message?
Marketing fundamentals were established for a reason, just like parenthood. Listen to your child and don't promise without understanding what you're promising.
So of course, I'm off to find the latest and greatest space helmet so I can redeem my child's faith and confidence in her mother, so she can TRUST that I do what I say…just as we all want our customers to trust that we're providing what our messaging promised.


Image Title: Galvanized Tractor Seat Bar Stool Antique Farmhouse Intended For Galvanized Bar Stools Decor. Filename: galvanized-tractor-seat-bar-stool-antique-farmhouse-intended-for-galvanized-bar-stools-decor.jpg. Image Dimension: 620 x 620 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Alek Stehr. Uploaded Date: Friday - January 18th. 2019 02:43:57 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: dornob.com.
Tap The Thumbnail Bellow to See Related Gallery of "Galvanized Tractor Seat Bar Stool Antique Farmhouse Intended For Galvanized Bar Stools Decor"


AFC - 07/20/11 Animal Experiments are Illegall in Croatia!
07/20/11 Animal Experiments are Done Illegally in Croatia!
In the action of uncovering illegal and unethical treatment of animals in the famous "beagle affair" on July 21, 2005, beagle dogs were freed from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Zagreb and adopted. Out of 32 deeply traumatised and neglected dogs, 22 had broken bones.
After great media exposure, public support when the dogs were freed and reports by animal protection organizations, those responsible have not only escaped consequneces of their lack of professionalism and ethics, but they continue to work with animals. What has changed in Croatia since then for animals who are still tortured and killed for experiments?
Croatian regulations are declaratively in compliance with European Union demands, so the Animal Protection Act has been in effect since 2007, which stipulates in Articles 25, 26 and 33 that the authorization on approved animal experiments, authorization on approved animals to produce biological preparations, as well as the authorization which approves using a large number of animals, changing animal species or approved experimentational procedures is issued by a competent body with an opinion from the Ethical Committee.
The Ethical Committee was regulated by the Act, and it gives opinions on issues of ethics and animal protection in procedures using animals in experiments and in educational purposes, suggests criteria and gives opinions to a competent body in the process of issuing approval for experiments. In spite of that, not even four years after the Animal Protection Act has been put into effect, and two and a half years after the legal deadline, the Ethical Committee has not started functioning!
One of the tasks of the Ethical Committee is to make annual reports on its work, which is submitted to the Minister by the end of March of the current year for the past year. Where are those reports on approved experiments in Croatia for the past two and a half years? It is obvious that competent authorities in Croatia are shamelessly ignoring the laws they have made themselves, confirming that after the 'beagle affair' the legal state stilll turns its back on animals.
Beagles at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in 2005, had their bones broken, although research of that kind had previously been done on humans. Without the Etical Committee, which represents only a minimum of control and transparency in approving animal experiments, numerous invisible animals hidden in laboratories are left to painful, agonizing experiments and death.
There are no clear criteria or possibilities of insight into what is done to animals, and every query concerned with animals tortured in Croatian institutions is considered an attack on highly guarded secrets. Competent institutions in Croatia, by their failure to obey the Law by forming the Ethical Committee, have not fulfilled even the minimal conditions to, after uncovering many oversights and illegalities through the "beagle affair," restore the reputation of and trust in Croatian science.
It is obvious that Croatian institutions responsible for animal experiments are inert and uninterested not only in enforcing the law, but also in contemporary achievements of science, which is increasingly using more reliable and ethical replacement testing methods, without the barbaric inflicting of pain on sentient living beings. By approving and conducting animal experiments without the opinion of the Ethical Committee, they openly break legal regulations and put selfish interests of producing scientific papers to advance scientists' careers above ethics and obeying the law.
By investing in modern scientific methods, Croatia would show not only that it cares about not exploiting and killing animals in experiments, but would do a lot to protect people who will benefit more from new methods than former outdated, repetitive and unprofitable methods of animal experimentation.
Animal Friends, as a member of the European Coalition to End Animal Experiments (ECEAE) and representatives of InterNICHE in Croatia, invites citizens to take a firm stand against animal experiments, to be conscientious consumers and buy only products which are not tested on animals. Information on the so-called white list of companies and methods of testing which do not include animals can be found here.


Women Who Serve: Sharapova wins Rome, but is she the Queen of Clay?
Sharapova wins Rome, but is she the Queen of Clay?
Maria Sharapova won the Italian Open for the third time today, making her one of a small group of women who have won big titles since the "official" clay season began last month. Angelique Kerber tops the list with victories in both Charleston and Stuttgart, and Petra Kvitova won the title in Madrid.
In today's final in Rome, Sharapova defeated Carla Suarez Navarro 4-6, 7-5, 6-1. The Spaniard player had an outstanding run, taking out both 4th seed Kvitova and 2nd seed Simona Halep. Always a talent on clay, it's only in the last year or so that Suarez Navarro has been able to calm her nerves in big matches. But today, she couldn't take Sharapova down in straight sets, and we all know what result that scenario usually brings.
3rd seeds Timea Babos and Kristina Mladenovic won the doubles title, defeating top seeds Martina Hingis and Sania Mirza 6-4, 6-3 in the final. Doubles has become quite a curiosity lately, with Errani and Vinci out of the picture, and several teams playing extremely well.
Maria Sharapova: She's the defending champion, and also won in Paris in 2012. Sharapova's transformation to clay court expert is no longer news; she is a real force at Roland Garros. Her victory in Rome puts her back into the number 2 ranking spot, which means she'll be on the opposite side of the draw from Serena Williams, which allows for more time for Williams to be knocked off before the final takes place. Sharapova, with her unpredictable serve, can play some sloppy tennis, but she can also take hold of a match and claim it, as she did today in Rome.
Simona Halep: If the 2014 runner-up plays in Paris like she did last year, her chances of winning the whole thing are very big. In her 2014 run, Halep looked scary, she was so good. She took Sharapova to three sets in the final, which was one of the best finals in recent memory. Right now, though--despite having won three titles this year (including Dubai and Indian Wells)--Si-mo-na looks sen-si-tive. She lost to Caroline Wozniacki in Madrid, and to Suarez Navarro in Rome. She's been making a lot of unforced errors and faux-smashing a lot of rackets. Something is wrong, and one (very likely) possibility is that the nerves have reappeared now that Halep is a favorite to win at Roland Garros.
Serena Williams: It generally doesn't matter whether Williams is injured, recovering from injury or not playing at her highest level; she can still be counted on to rise to the occasion if the occasion is a really big one. She did it at the French Open in 2013. However, of all the majors, the French Open is the one at which the world number 1 is least likely to be able to just put on her Believe shoes and win. She's vulnerable there, and can't be considered a sure thing.
Petra Kvitova: Yes, P3tra and all that. But the Barking Czech can win; she has the skills. I never count her out.
Carla Suarez Navarro: She's finally coming into her own, and her clay game is classic and beautiful. Why not?
Angelique Kerber: Anyone who wins both Charleston and Stuttgart gets on this list. Also, the way Kerber won Charleston--fighting like mad all the way through--gets her some extra notice.
There will also be many players at Roland Garros who will be happy to ruin it all for one of the contenders. Players like Andrea Petkovic, Caroline Wozniacki, Sam Stosur, Alize Cornet, Garbine Muguruza, Karolina Pliskova, 2012 runner-up Sara Errani, Caroline Garcia, and of course, the Queen of Mexico, aka Timea Bacsinszky. Danger also lurks among the likes of 2008 champion Ana Ivanovic, 2009 champion Svetlana Kuznetsova, Victoria Azarenka, Madison Keys, Irina-Camelia Begu, Kiki Mladenovic, and--on the right day--Camila Giorgi. Throw in Mona Barthel, Jelena Jankovic and Elina Svitolina, and there's a trap everywhere a top contender turns (and I haven't even named all of them).
Of course, experience helps a lot, but clay--the great neutralizer--allows classic clay court players a chance to out-maneuver "bigger" players. Clay court play can be a real grind, too, with longer rallies and more breaks of serve, so fitness is key. Sharapova and Williams each hold eleven clay court titles, but they have some worthy opponents. Who will be the last woman standing in the red dust?
I think this French open is wide open. Any one of the ladies you mentions could win it. I really could not pick one.
Agreed. Simona doesn't look as ready to win it as dhe did several months ago, which oprns the field even more.


"Life in Harare is great - a lot better than in the past - for me at least.
If I want to buy sugar, soap or bread, I no longer have to travel to South Africa.
I can go to the local supermarket.
The trip to to South Africa was 20 hours by bus - and another 20 hours back."
The de facto dollarization of the economy is a very interesting case, forces you to wonder: is free banking so bad after all? at least in developing countries? Didn't England and the US grow thank to it?


text:
[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm/randy.png)](https://nodei.co/npm/randy/)

Randy is a utility module inspired by Python's very handy standard
module "random".  It contains a PRNG and useful randomness functions.

All functions are based on a JavaScript implementation of
[WELL-1024a](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well_equidistributed_long-period_linear),
with up to 53-bit precision.  The reason for this is that the built-in
`Math.random()` function is
[implementation-dependent](http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm)
and therefore of very limited usefulness, as you risk running into
crappy implementations.  Even the V8 engine (used by Node.js) only
provides 32-bit entropy, and is based on the platform-dependent C++
`rand()` function.

## Quick Examples

```javascript
var a = randy.randInt(100);
// a == 42
```

```javascript
var d = randy.shuffle(["J spades", "K hearts", "10 hearts"]);
// d == [ "K hearts", "J spades", "10 hearts" ]
```

```javascript
var c = randy.choice(["heads", "tails"]);
// c == "heads"
```

## Download

For [Node.js](http://nodejs.org/), use [npm](http://npmjs.org/):

    npm install randy

### In the Browser

Download and include as a `<script>`.  The module will be available as
the global object `randy`.

__Development:__ [randy.js](https://github.com/deestan/randy/raw/master/lib/randy.js) - 12Kb Uncompressed

__Production:__ [randy.min.js](https://github.com/deestan/randy/raw/master/lib/randy.min.js) - 3.4Kb Minified

__Example__

```html
<img id="computerHandImg">
<script src="randy.min.js"></script>
<script>
    var h = document.getElementById("computerHandImg");
    h.src = randy.choice([
        "/img/rock",
        "/img/paper",
        "/img/kitten"
    ]);
</script>
```

## Documentation

### Randomness Functions

* [randInt](#randInt)
* [choice](#choice)
* [shuffle](#shuffle)
* [shuffleInplace](#shuffleInplace)
* [sample](#sample)
* [random](#random)
* [uniform](#uniform)
* [triangular](#triangular)
* [getRandBits](#getRandBits)

### State Functions

* [getState](#getState)
* [setState](#setState)
* [instance](#instance)

### High-Precision Functions

All the above randomness functions use 32-bit precision if possible,
but will use 53-bit precision if they need to go outside the 32-bit
range.

The randomness functions are also available in always-53-bit-precision
versions, under the `good` namespace.  If you're working with values
over 65536 or so, imbalances of 0.01% will start to creep in, and a
higher precision will reduce this problem.

These functions take about 35% longer to run than the ones available
directly under `randy`.

__Example__

```javascript
// Generate example salary between 1,000,000 and 5,000,000
// with values clustering around 2,000,000.
var salary = randy.good.triangular(1000000, 5000000, 2000000);
```

### Maximally Uniform Functions

The randomness functions are also available in maximally uniform
versions, under the `best` namespace.

Random integer calculations in the `randy` and `randy.good` functions
are done via a modulo of a large random unsigned integer.  This will
slightly favour lower numbers, but it is fast, and good enough for
most use cases.  However, if you wish to avoid this imbalance, you can
use these functions.

These functions take on average 110% longer to run than the ones
available directly under `randy`.

__Example__

```javascript
var numbers = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
                13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 ];
var lottery = randy.best.sample(numbers, 7);
```

---------------------------------------

## Randomness Functions

### randInt (min, max, step)
### randInt (min, max)
### randInt (max)
### randInt ()

Returns a random integer i such that `min <= i < max`, and `(i - min)
% step = 0`.

Return value is based on a random 32-bit integer.

If `max >= 2^32`, will call `good.getInt()`, which goes up to
2^53.

__Arguments__

* min - default=0. Returned integer will be min or greater.
* max - default=2^32. Returned integer will be less than max.
* step - default=1. Returned integer will be a multiple of this, counting from min.

__Example__

```javascript
console.log("Rolling the dice:");
var d1 = randy.randInt(1, 7);
var d2 = randy.randInt(1, 7);
console.log(d1 + " + " + d2 + " = " + (d1 + d2));
if (d1 + d2 == 2)
    console.log("Snake eyes!");
```

---------------------------------------

### choice (arr)

Returns a randomly chosen element from the array arr.

Throws an exception if arr is empty.

__Arguments__

* arr - Array of elements of any type.  Length > 0.  Return value will be an element of arr.

__Example__

```javascript
var breakfast = randy.choice(["whisky", "bacon", "panic"]);
console.log("Good morning!  Enjoy some " + breakfast + "!");
```

```javascript
// Set direction vector for a ghost from Pac-Man.
ghost.currentDirection = randy.choice([
    {x:0, y:-1}, {x:1, y:0}, {x:0, y:1}, {x:-1, y:0}
]);
```

---------------------------------------

### shuffle (arr)

Returns a shuffled copy of arr.  Returned array contains the exact
same elements as arr, and equally many elements, but in a new order.

Uses the Fisher-Yates algorithm, aka the Knuth Shuffle.

__Arguments__

* arr - Array of elements of any type.

__Example__

```javascript
var runners = ["Andy", "Bob", "Clarence", "David"];
var startingOrder = randy.shuffle(runners);
```

---------------------------------------

### shuffleInplace (arr)

Shuffles the array arr.  A more memory-efficient version of shuffle.

Uses the Fisher-Yates algorithm, aka the Knuth Shuffle.

__Arguments__

* arr - Array of elements of any type.  Will be modified.

__Example__

```javascript
// Reorder elements at random until they happen to be sorted.
function bogosort (arr) {
    while (true) {
        randy.shuffleInplace(arr);

        var sorted = true;
        for (var i=0; i<arr.length-1; i++)
            sorted = sorted && (arr[i] < arr[i+1]);
        if (sorted)
            return;
    }
}
```

```javascript
// Create new draw deck from card discard pile.
if (deck.length == 0) {
    deck = discardPile.splice(0);
    randy.shuffleInplace(deck);
}
```

---------------------------------------

### sample (population, count)

Returns an array of length count, containing unique elements chosen
from the array population.  Like a raffle draw.

Mathematically equivalent to `shuffle(population).slice(0, count)`, but
more efficient.  Catches fire if `count > population.length`.

__Arguments__

* population - Array of elements of any type.
* count - How many elements to pick from array population.

__Example__

```javascript
// Raffle draw for 3 bottles of wine.  Cindy has bought 2 tickets.
var raffleTickets = ["Alice", "Beatrice", "Cindy", "Cindy", "Donna"];

var winners = randy.sample(raffleTickets, 3);

console.log("The winners are: " + winners.join(", "));
```

---------------------------------------

### random ()

Returns a floating point number n, such that `0.0 <= n < 1.0`.

Exactly as `uniform()`, but provided for familiarity.

---------------------------------------

### uniform (min, max)
### uniform (max)
### uniform ()

Returns a floating point number n, such that `min <= n < max`.

__Arguments__

* min - Default=0.0.  Returned value will be equal to or larger than this.
* max - Default=1.0.  Returned value will be less than this.

__Example__

```javascript
// Torpedo guidance system.
var heading = randy.uniform(360.0);
```

```javascript
// Random event repeating every 1-5 minutes.
function flashLightning () {
    flash();
    var delayNext = randy.uniform(1.0 * 60000, 5.0 * 60000);
    setTimeout(flashLightning, delayNext);
}
```

---------------------------------------

### triangular (min, max, mode)
### triangular (min, max)
### triangular (max)
### triangular ()

The triangular distribution is typically used as a subjective
description of a population for which there is only limited sample
data, and especially in cases where the relationship between variables
is known but data is scarce (possibly because of the high cost of
collection). It is based on a knowledge of the minimum and maximum and
an "inspired guess" as to the modal value.

[Wikipedia article](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_distribution)

__Arguments__

* min - Default=0.0.  Returned value will be equal to or larger than this.
* max - Default=1.0.  Returned value will be less than this.
* mode - Default is average of min and max.  Returned values are likely to be close to this value.

__Example__

```javascript
// Generate customer test data.  Customers are aged 18 to 40, but
// most of them are in their twenties.  Their income is between
// 40000-150000 Hyrulean Rupees per year, but typically around
// 60000.
for (i=0; i<1000; i++) {
    db.insertCustomer({
        name: "Bruce",
        birthYear: Math.floor( randy.triangular(1972, 1990, 1983) ),
        income: randy.triangular(40000, 150000, 60000)
    });
}
```

---------------------------------------

### getRandBits (n)

Returns a random integer of bit width n, where `n <= 53`.

__Arguments__

* n - Number of random bits in return value.

__Example__

```javascript
// A perfect distribution function, which rejects overflow values
// instead of squeezing them into the desired range by use of modulo.
function perfectInt (max) {
    if (max == 0)
        return 0;
    var log2 = 0;
    var mult = 1;
    while (mult < max) {
        log2 += 1;
        mult *= 2;
    }
    while (false == false) {
        var r = randy.getRandBits(log2);
        if (r < max)
            return r;
    }
}
```

---------------------------------------

## State Functions

### getState ()

Returns a JavaScript object representing the current state of the generator.

This object can be used as a parameter to `setState()`.

### setState (state)

Sets the generator to a specific state, allowing for replay of random values.

__Arguments__

* state - Must be object retrieved from an earlier call to `getState()`.

__Example__

This will roll a pair of dice, reset the generator state, and roll the
dice again with the exact same output.

```javascript
var state = randy.getState();
console.log("Rolling the dice:");
var d1 = randy.randInt(1, 7);
var d2 = randy.randInt(1, 7);
console.log(d1 + " + " + d2 + " = " + (d1 + d2));

console.log("Instant replay:");
randy.setState(state);
d1 = randy.randInt(1, 7);
d2 = randy.randInt(1, 7);
console.log(d1 + " + " + d2 + " = " + (d1 + d2));
```

### instance ()
### instance (state)

Creates a separate `randy` instance, for those use cases where a
global object is a bad fit.  The instance has the same functions as
the global object.

If no `state` parameter is given, the new instance will be initialized
randomly.

Calling this will not affect the generator state.

__Arguments__

* state - Must be object retrieved from an earlier call to `getState()`.

__Example__

Create two instances, one a copy of the global object.  Sync the
copies to the original `randy` state.

```javascript
var origState = randy.getState();
var r1 = randy.instance(origState);
var r2 = randy.instance();
console.log(randy.randInt(50), r1.randInt(50), r2.randInt(50)); // 34 34 17
console.log(randy.randInt(50), r1.randInt(50), r2.randInt(50)); // 12 12 4
r1.setState(origState);
r2.setState(origState);
console.log(randy.randInt(50), r1.randInt(50), r2.randInt(50)); // 15 34 34
console.log(randy.randInt(50), r1.randInt(50), r2.randInt(50)); // 36 12 12
```

---------------------------------------

## Notes

No functions rely on `this`, so it's safe to e.g. assign
`randy.good.randInt` to a variable or pass it around as a
parameter.

Due to floating point rounding, functions returning floating point
values may *extremely rarely* tangent the upper bound.

Maximum integer range is 2^53 = 9007199254740992.  This is the maximum
integer available in JavaScript without losing precision.  Any calls
requiring a larger range than this, explicitly or implicitly, will not
yield correct results.


Description: 4 John Adams Lane ( 97 Cliff Road) is a thoughtfully designed and masterfully executed six bedroom main house and two bedroom guest house offering over 6000 sf of living spaces situated at the end of a shell way off of Cliff Road. A custom finished home offering luxurious amenities and quality finishes on every level. A sophisticated and comfortable home, executed to perfection, offers privacy, multiple dwellings, spacious and ample living spaces, first and second floor masters, gorgeous custom pool and stunning gardens. Complete with walking path to Hinckley Lane for deeded beach access to Nantucket Sound and one of the best beaches on the island. Located off the bike path and convenient to Town, Cliff, Tupancy, and the Westmoor Club. A rare offering on the Cliff !
First Floor: Enter from covered porch into light filled foyer with vaulted ceiling and striking staircase to the second floor. Foyer leads to dining area with built ins and french doors to covered rear porch and pool and gardens beyond. Through arched opening is the living room with raised fireplace and custom cabinetry. Gourmet eat in kitchen with marble island on the other side of the dining area also has access to the outdoor living and entertaining areas. Service area behind kitchen offers pantry and other storage. A hallway accessed off the main entrance or behind the kitchen leads to a private office with custom wood curved ceiling and wonderful built ins. Beyond is a first floor master suite with double closets, views of the front gardens, and large private bath.
Second Floor: The beautiful staircase leads to a second floor landing offering bedrooms in three directions. One to the North is the master with custom tiled bath and overlooks the pool and garden area. To the West are two more large bedrooms with jack and jill shared tiled bathroom. To the east is another guest suite with full tiled bath. Second laundry closet on this floor.
Basement: Full finished basement with large living area, exceptional custom bunkroom ( 3 sets), full tiled bath, large laundry room, wine cellar and ample storage room.
Second Dwelling: Cottage with attached garage.


text:
News > Medscape Medical News > FDA Approvals
FDA Clears 3-Minute Brain Stimulation Protocol for Depression
Megan Brooks
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a newer and faster treatment protocol for the MagVita repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy system from MagVenture, the company has announced.
The FDA first cleared the MagVitaTMS therapy system in 2015 for treatment of adults with drug-resistant major depressive disorder, as reported by Medscape Medical News.
Until now, each treatment session has lasted up to 37 minutes, with 20 to 30 sessions needed in total. With the new treatment protocol, which uses intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), a treatment session lasts only 3 minutes, the company said in a news release.
The newly approved iTBS protocol is based on results of a multicenter, noninferiority clinical trial involving 414 adults with treatment-resistant major depression who were randomly allocated to receive standard rTMS or iTBS.
The iTBS protocol was shown to be noninferior to rTMS, according to a report published in the Lancet earlier this year.
For both treatments, the number of dropouts was low, and side-effect, safety, and tolerability profiles were similar. With iTBS, the number of patients treated per day with current rTMS devices can be increased several times without compromising clinical effectiveness, the authors concluded.
"We have named it 'Express TMS' because that's what it is: a treatment which is just as safe and effective for the treatment of depression as conventional TMS, only much, much faster," Kerry Rome, MagVenture's vice president of sales, said in the release.
Rome said the current MagVenture TMS therapy system can be easily upgraded with the new Express TMS option. "This will enable our many customers to treat far more patients per day without having to invest in another TMS device. For people needing treatment, this will also be a huge benefit, as treatment will now take up less of their time," said Rome.
For more Medscape Psychiatry news, join us on Facebook and Twitter.
Cite this: FDA Clears 3-Minute Brain Stimulation Protocol for Depression - Medscape - Aug 22, 2018.
Depression in Docs Leads to Medical Errors and Vice Versa
COVID-19: 'Striking' Rates of Anxiety, Depression in Healthcare Workers
Are Web-Based Depression Interventions Cost-Effective?
Diseases & Conditions Depression
Diseases & Conditions Depression and Suicide
Black Women Show Heightened Risk for Depression After Early Pregnancy Loss
Diseases & Conditions Screening Tests for Depression
Screening Tests for Depression
Pediatric Depression
Major Depressive Disorder: Disabling and Dangerous
rTMS No Better Than Sham Stimulation for Severe Depression
TMS Approaches for Major Depression: Is There a Clear Winner?
High-Dose TMS May Rapidly Reduce Suicidal Thoughts


Being an SEO Training Institute we keep researching on some or other topics in order to help our student to learn some new things or we can say some new practical things and today we want to share one awesome case study about "Uncrawled URL", it's not spelling mistake. Google might show URL in Search result which is not crawled.
Ahh ! We don't want you to make more confusing. Let's come to point, if you read that we shared few tips how to improve SEO using Robots.txt, you must be knowing we can block Search Engine spiders to crawl our site, but sometime you can see URL in search results. Have you seen something like that then you also share it via comment.
What is Uncrawled URLs ?
We just notice the same case via Key Word "Tej SolPro", if you are not knowing about Tej SolPro then I should tell you that DIIM is part of Tej SolPro network. When we are searching for "Tej SolPro" in order to check listing and other details we found strange listing, (Check following image). The site www.tej9.com is not hosted if you try to visit that site you will be redirect to www.internetmarketingconsultant.in and we had also blocked this URL via robots.txt but it is showing in Search Result.
When I saw that I surprise for a second but then I recall that Matt Cutts once talked on this topic in Google Webmaster Video. So according to Matt this might be happening as some other sites are pointing to that site with Particular Anchor Text are pointing to your site then your URL (not site) might shown in Search Result. If you have noticed in above screenshot there is nothing like Meta Description in the search results so this result come only via backlinks.
I used to give Tej9.com url at various site / profile as it's easy to remind and type too 😉 Check the following video by Matt talking the same thing and other thing I notice that It got PR 1 too.
Do you face this kind of search results in Search Results, want to hear from you.
I usually face this with non indexed backlinks. We take lot of efforts to make backlinks but it takes lot of time by google to index it. Pings are not reliable and there are rarely Any free alternative to get indexed faster. Do you happen to know any?
i am not exactly sure about url was crawl but not but i have seen 1 url without description but than i thought that this might b reason just bcz may be website was builted in flash or anything like that but any ways thx for the perfect reason !!


Every year, the University of Leicester Hindu Society puts on a big ball, called DIYA.
This is a great night with great food, entertainment and a dance floor with some great Asian music. The DJ was seriously on point this year.
Some of the entertainment included the famous singer, Zack knight, Asian dance society and a fashion show. The fashion show included some beautiful outfits, modelled by the university of Leicester students themselves.
At university, a night out usually involves alcohol. So DIYA is very refreshing because it's a strictly non alcoholic and vegetarian event. Even those who love meat and alcohol enjoy DIYA because it's just an all round great night! Hindu society pulled it of really well this year, as always.


text:
Q: Python: Tkinter Entry widget is not working from Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
ticker1 = StringVar()
ticker2 = StringVar()
root.title("Choose Companies")
Label(root,
          text = "Company No. 1",
          fg = "black",
          font ="Helvetica 16 italic").pack()
name = Entry(root,name = ticker1 ).pack()
Label(root,
          text = "Company No. 2",
          fg = "black",
          font ="Helvetica 16 italic").pack()
name1 = Entry(root,name1 = ticker2).pack()
root.mainloop()

The code does not work it gives me this error:

exceptions.TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'instance'  objects

The format to get an entry widget in the python GUI looks correct.
I'm using python 2.7 windows 8.1

A: The Entry class constructor has no keyword parameter named name1, you can pass a StringVar instance to the textvariable keyword parameter and retrieve text by calling the get() method on that StringVar instance. Alternately, you can just call the get() method on the Entry instance itself.
Example:
var = StringVar()
entry = Entry(root, textvariable=var)
entry.pack()

var.set('default value')
input = var.get()

A:     from Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
ticker1 = StringVar()
ticker2 = StringVar()
root.title("Choose Companies")
Label(root,
          text = "Company No. 1",
          fg = "black",
          font ="Helvetica 16 italic").pack()
Entry(root,textvariable = ticker1 ).pack()
Label(root,
          text = "Company No. 2",
          fg = "black",
          font ="Helvetica 16 italic").pack()
Entry(root,textvariable = ticker2).pack()
root.mainloop()

Dude it was bad idea to assigne the entries to the name and name1. Instead you needed to add the keyword argument called 'textvariable' which is solution to your problem.


text:
William Finn Radio
Plays William Finn along with similar artists like:
Jason Robert Brown, Michael Feinstein, Daphne Rubin-Vega, Tom Wopat, Step…
Tom Wopat
Stations With William Finn
Zero Mostel Radio
Plays Zero Mostel along with similar artists like:
Robert Preston, Newsies - Original Broadway Cast, Frank Loesser, Jason Ro…
Michael Feinstein Radio
Plays Michael Feinstein along with similar artists like:
Barbara Cook, Glynis Johns, Karen Akers, Glenn Close, Newsies - Original…
Michael John LaChiusa Radio
Plays Michael John LaChiusa along with similar artists like:
Julia Murney, Altar Boyz, Jeanine Tesori, Orfeh, Mandy Patinkin…
Noel/Cole: Let's Do It (Original Cast) Radio
Plays Noel/Cole: Let's Do It (Original Cast) along with similar artists like:
The Rink (Original Broadway Cast), Nat King Cole & George Shearing, F…
Lionel Bart Radio
Plays Lionel Bart along with similar artists like:
Frank Loesser, Alfie Boe, William Finn, Paul Nicholas, Donald O'Conno…
Jason Robert Brown Radio
Plays Jason Robert Brown along with similar artists like:
Jessica Molaskey, Richard Rodgers, Tom Wopat, Robert Preston, Betty Buckl…
Richard Rodgers Radio
Plays Richard Rodgers along with similar artists like:
Betty Buckley, Newsies - Original Broadway Cast, Andrea McArdle, Donald O…
Frank Loesser Radio
Plays Frank Loesser along with similar artists like:
Rodgers & Hammerstein, Julia Murney, Paul Nicholas, Donald O'Conn…
From William Finn
Hitchhiking Across America
How Marvin Eats His Breakfast


text:
Az 1,4-diklór-2-nitrobenzol szerves vegyület, képlete C6H3Cl2NO2. A számos diklór-nitrobenzol egyik izomerje, sárga színű, vízben nem oldódó szilárd anyag. 1,4-Diklórbenzol nitrálásával állítják elő, számos kereskedilmileg fontos anyag előállításának kiindulási anyaga. Hidrogénezésével 1,4-diklóranilin keletkezik. Nukleofilekkel a nitrocsoport melletti klór kicserélhető: ammóniával anilinszármazék keletkezik, vizes bázisokkal fenolszármazék, metoxiddal pedig a megfelelő anizolszármazék képződik: 4-klór-2-nitroanilin, 4-klór-2-nitrofenol, illetve 4-klór-2-nitroanizol. Egyik izomerje az 1,2-diklór-4-nitrobenzol.

Jegyzetek

Fordítás

Aromás vegyületek
Nitrovegyületek
Szerves klórvegyületek


It's October, the clocks have gone back and the nights are drawing in earlier. That can only mean one thing….Halloween is on its way.
Whether you are a fan of guts and gore or tend to lean more towards a 'Casper the friendly ghost' type of celebration, Halloween can be fun for the whole family.
We think these spook-tacular Halloween pops are a great way to get everyone involved this year. Depending on how much time you have, you could opt for either the simple Frankenstein marshmallow pops or push the boat out with the Pumpkin and Ghost cake pops. We had some leftover cupcakes from a recent bake session which worked perfectly to make up our cake pops so gave these a try first.
A brilliant, kid-friendly task would be to get hands on and crumble the cakes up into a large bowl. Next add the buttercream and mix together until it begins to form a big ball, then it's time to roll up those sleeves and get stuck in again rolling your cake pops. A good tip is to use an ice cream scoop to get an even sized ball each time – if you don't have one of these to hand though don't worry, you can always use a teaspoon.
It's important to leave your cake balls to chill in the fridge and firm up. This will make them much easier to stay in shape when you dip them in the chocolate coating.
There are many brands of coloured chocolate that you can use, such as Candy Melts and these can often be found in cake and craft stores. Be careful not to overheat them though as they can become congealed and difficult to work with. A handy tip if this happens is to drizzle a very small amount of oil into the chocolate to loosen it up again.
Sometimes the trickiest thing when making cake pops is to find somewhere to dry them. I used an empty, fairly shallow cardboard box and punched small holes in it using my leftover cake pops sticks. Make sure that the holes are at least an inch apart as cake pops like to lean a little when drying and you don't want them to stick together.
Once dry, the fun part can begin…decorating. You can be as creative as you like and if you go wrong, don't worry simply eat the cake pop and no-one will ever know!!
If you don't have any spare cake to make the cake pops you can dip marshmallows and follow the process in exactly the same way. This works perfectly for the freakish Frankenstein pops and tastes just as yummy.
So what are you waiting for? Gather together your little ghosts and ghouls and get creative with our Halloween treats. Click Here for more spooky inspiration.


text:
Slum Networking of Indore City
Indore, India
Recipient of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1998.
Slum networking is a community-based sanitation and environmental improvement programme for the textile manufacturing and industrial engineering centre of Indore, to transform its 183 slums into settlements that integrate the poor into the urban population as a whole. This city of 3,218 sq. km has a total population of 1,400,000 (1995), 28 percent of whom live in the slums. New government-built sewer, storm drainage, and fresh water services follow the natural courses of Indore's two small rivers near the heart of the city. All of the slums face a riverbank. As an incentive, a state government ordinance gave the slum dwellers long-term land leases, and the residents paid for and built their own private toilets and washrooms. The rivers, once filled with untreated sewage and solid waste, are now clean, the streets paved, street lighting added, community halls built, and the housing upgraded. The dwellings of the poor are not slums any more. The focus of the network is Indore's Krishnapura slum area, a district distinguished by historic riverside Hindu temples that are being restored. The shopping arcade on the opposite bank has such traditional architectural elements as balustrades, arches, and domes. For the jury, what is unique "is that the slum regularisation and upgrading exercise is part of a larger upgrading plan for the entire city. The application of this approach to other similar conditions would go a long way in overcoming the weakness of conventional urban upgrading projects, which seldom attempt to integrate slums into the urban fabric."
Source: Aga Khan Trust for Culture
Himanshu Parikh (architect/planner)
Indore Development Authority (client)
urban design and development
community development, urban upgrading
8,000,000 m²
Associated collections
Health and Sanitation
7th Cycle: 1996-1998
Aga Khan Award Recipients (Sites)
Aga Khan Award for Architecture Winner
Water and Sewage Networks in Indore, India
Abdelbaki Mohamed Ibrahim (ed.)
Slum Networking of Indore City On-site Review Report
Lailun Nahar Ekram
Slum Networking of Indore City Drawings
Slum Networking of Indore City Presentation Panels
Graphic Panel of Award Winning Projects from the Seventh Cycle of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture (1998)
Cynthia C. Davidson
Architect's Record of Slum Networking of Indore City
Photographs of Slum Networking of Indore City
Legacies for the Future
Indore Dialogues in Existence: A Documentation on Community Architecture and Affordable Housing