text:
Minimizing transmission: Testing asymptomatic healthcare workers to find silent COVID-19 carriers
By Mary Guiden
Update: At a press conference on April 29, Colorado Gov. Jared Polis said the state is working on a partnership with CSU to run 45,000 tests on nursing home workers in May and June. He referred to this project as a "big priority."
CSU Professor Greg Ebel has teamed up with Dr. Nicole Ehrhart, director of the Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging at CSU, on new research to minimize the chance that healthcare workers could unwittingly infect vulnerable residents in long-term care communities. Photo: CSU Photography
A team of researchers at Colorado State University is leading an effort to help the most vulnerable people in our communities – residents in long-term care communities – during the coronavirus pandemic.
Over the last two months, a lab run by Greg Ebel, professor in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, tested samples from 462 healthcare workers in Colorado to determine if workers without symptoms were silently carrying the virus. The tests identified 57 people who tested positive for COVID-19 but had no symptoms.
Ebel is partnering on this project with Dr. Nicole Ehrhart, director of the Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging at CSU.
Ehrhart introduced the concept for the groundbreaking project during a conference call with Colorado Gov. Jared Polis and state healthcare leaders, including Dr. Greg Gahm, a geriatrician and corporate medical director of Vivage, which owns a range of skilled nursing communities in Colorado and Missouri. Following the call, he tracked down Ehrhart and asked, "How can we work together?"
The purpose of the research, Ehrhart explained, is to enact an early warning system in long-term care facilities that would allow them to temporarily remove asymptomatic but COVID-19 positive caregivers from the workforce until they were no longer shedding the virus. This would minimize the chance that these workers could unwittingly infect vulnerable residents.
"The scientific community is putting their heads down, working around the clock, and sharing data across cultural belief systems and across borders that are closed right now. It's an incredible moment of humanity and it's the greatest interdisciplinary scientific effort that's ever happened on Earth," Ehrhart said.
Disease surveillance
The concept behind the research is a basic principle in disease surveillance, especially during a pandemic, said Ehrhart, a veterinarian and professor of surgical oncology at CSU.
The concept behind the research is a basic principle in disease surveillance, especially during a pandemic, said CSU's Dr. Nicole Ehrhart. Photo: John Eisele/CSU Photography
"We don't know when people become infectious with COVID-19," she said. "It's possible that they could be infectious prior to the onset of symptoms. It's important that when there's an at-risk community, like seniors, that we think about how to minimize the potential for transmission."
Ehrhart said the team will sequence the virus genomes from these samples, which will provide information about how the virus is being spread. This will help them determine whether it's due to a common source within the facility or if it's being brought into the facility from the community.
Graduate student volunteers – trained and certified to transport pathogens – are serving as couriers, picking up swabs at facilities and delivering them to Ebel's lab.
Gahm said that there are numerous reasons why his organization would like to know if asymptomatic workers test positive for COVID-19.
"It allows us to identify those people to say: you're positive, even though you've been wearing a mask and following other safety protocols," he said. "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the health department is saying you need to go home at this time."
Existing virus tracking methods
The tests being conducted in Ebel's lab are similar in principle to the tests his team has used for West Nile virus surveillance in northern Colorado since 2014.
"We're using equipment, approaches and efficiencies we developed from doing this type of work every summer, to try and protect the health of Fort Collins, Loveland and Berthoud residents from West Nile virus," he said.
Ebel said what's currently needed in response to the pandemic is a public health approach, and rapid testing.
"The crisis in test availability was bewildering," he said. "A physician in a clinic wants an ironclad diagnosis. We provide something slightly different: rapid information on infection among people who aren't showing symptoms."
Ebel said the team first tests to see if there is any evidence at all that these healthcare workers have the RNA of the virus in a swab taken from the back of the nose.
"When we get a sample that is positive, we test it with two additional assays for confirmation," he explained. "If an individual's sample is positive using three different assays, there is very little doubt the person is infected with coronavirus."
The Veterinary Diagnostic Lab at CSU – recently certified to conduct lab testing on human samples – is confirming the positive tests.
Helping the research community
Despite the trying times, Ebel says he's in a perfect position to help scientists and the broader public health community learn more about COVID-19.
"For anybody who has been a virologist or infectious disease researcher, this is what we've been training for," he said. "It feels good to do some small thing to help try and make things better."
Ehrhart said that it's been exciting to watch CSU's scientific community collaborate in a way she's never seen before.
"In order to do the screening tests, we need graduate students who have biosafety training to pick up test kits," she said. "We are working with researchers who are computer modelers, because they are interested in looking at the data. All of these people are working as volunteers, and we see examples of this kind of collaboration happening all around the world."
This research project is currently supported by startup funds through Ehrhart's work at the Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging at CSU and Ebel's lab. Additional support comes from the Office of the Vice President for Research at CSU, College of Health and Human Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Walter Scott, Jr. College of Engineering.
College of Health and Human SciencesCollege of Natural SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColumbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Agingcovid-19COVID-19 ResearchDepartment of Microbiology Immunology and PathologyGraduate SchoolOffice of the Vice President for ResearchWalter Scott Jr College of Engineering
More posts by Mary Guiden


Results from the 2016 Census: Is field of study a factor in the payoff of a graduate degree?
This article uses data from the Census of the Population to examine changes between 2005 and 2015 in the work activity patterns of Canadian families with children. Results by education level and by immigration status are discussed, as well as results for lone parent families. The paper also provides an overview of regional differences in the work activity patterns of Canadian families.
A day in the life: How do older Canadians spend their time?


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Oct. 12, 2021, 6:51 a.m. EDT
Standard Lithium Announces Positive Preliminary Economic Assessment and Update of Inferred Mineral Resource at South-West Arkansas Lithium Project
EL DORADO, Ark., Oct 12, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE via COMTEX) -- EL DORADO, Ark., Oct. 12, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Standard Lithium Ltd. ("Standard Lithium" or the "Company") /zigman2/quotes/204508773/delayed CA:SLI -1.57% /zigman2/quotes/208666348/composite SLI -1.69% (fra:S5L), an innovative technology and lithium project development company, reports the positive results of a Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) for the Company's South-West Arkansas (SWA) Lithium Project (the "Project"; previously called the Tetra Project; See Company News Release dated May 17th 2021 ).
Pre-tax US$2.83 Billion NPV at 8% discount rate and IRR of 40.5%;
After-tax US$1.97 Billion NPV at 8% discount rate and IRR of 32.1%;
20-year mine-life producing an average of 30,000 tonnes per year of battery-quality lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LHM);
Operating costs of US$2,599 per tonne of battery quality lithium hydroxide;
AACE Class 5 Total CAPEX estimate of US$870 Million including conservative 25% contingency of direct capital costs; and,
SW Arkansas Lithium Project PEA lithium brine resource is updated to consider the potential unitized area of production, leading to an increased total (global) in-situ resource of 1,195,000 tonnes Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE) at the Inferred Category.
Dr. Andy Robinson, President and COO of Standard Lithium commented, "the completion of this PEA for the SWA Lithium Project is an important milestone for Standard Lithium as it begins to showcase the significant potential that is present within the Smackover Formation in southwestern Arkansas. This PEA is the result of a concerted team effort, and we owe considerable thanks to all the team members who have contributed their professional expertise to this study. The ability to showcase this PEA and highlight these attractive project fundamentals is based on the many tens-of-thousands of hours that the broader Standard Lithium team has spent over the past few years proving and derisking our lithium extraction technology at pre-commercial scales. It is because of our large-scale technology proof that we can hope to deploy it, in the future, on our other assets in the region. The attractive potential economics from this PEA support continued effort to de-risk and advance the SWA Project in parallel with the Company's immediate focus, which is to deliver the first new lithium production facility in North America at the Lanxess facilities."
The PEA and updated lithium resource estimate are based on a unitized area of future potential production resulting in 36,172 gross mineral acres (14,638 gross mineral hectares). The PEA considers the production of battery-quality lithium hydroxide averaging 30,000 tonnes per annum (tpa) over a 20-year operating timeframe. The PEA also updates the existing inferred mineral resource.
The PEA is preliminary in nature and includes inferred resources that are considered too speculative to have the economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves and there is no certainty the estimates presented in the PEA will be realized.
Table 1: PEA Highlights
Units Values
Average Annual Production (as LiOH?H2O) tpa [[1]] 30,000 [[] [2] []]
Plant Operation years 20
Total Capital Cost (CAPEX) US$ 869,868,000 [[] [3] []]
Operating Cost (OPEX) per year US$/yr 77,972,000 [[] [4] []]
OPEX per tonne US$/t 2,599
Initial Selling Price US$/t 14,500 [[] [5] []]
Average Annual Revenue US$ 570,076,000 [[6]]
Discount Rate % 8.0
Net Present Value (NPV) Pre-Tax US$ 2,830,190,000
Net Present Value (NPV) Post-Tax US$ 1,965,427,000
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Pre-Tax % 40.5
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Post-Tax % 32.1
All model outputs are expressed on a 100% project ownership basis with no adjustments for project financing assumptions
[1] Metric tonnes (1,000 kg) per annum
[2] Total production for years 1 to 15 is 30,666 tpa LHM and 28,000 tpa LHM for years 16 to 20
[3] AACE Class 5 estimate includes 25% contingency on direct capital costs
[4] Includes all operating expenditures, ongoing land costs, established Royalties, sustaining capital and allowance for mine closure. All costs are escalated at 2% per annum
[5] Selling price of battery quality lithium hydroxide monohydrate based on an initial price of $14,500/t in 2021, adjusted for inflation at 2% per annum. Sensitivity analysis modelled the starting price between US$12,500-US$16,500/t.
[6] Average annual revenue over projected 20 year mine-life.
The development plan for the PEA considers the production of battery-quality lithium hydroxide averaging 30,000 tonnes per annum (tpa) over a 20-year operating timeframe. The project contemplates, in broad terms, the extraction of brine from the southern portion of the project where the brine has a higher lithium grade (approximately 400 mg/L) and better reservoir characteristics, and reinjection of the tailbrine into the northern part of the project where the lithium grade is significantly lower (approximately 160 mg/L; additional details are provided below). The lithium extraction process is based on the Company's proprietary LiSTR technology, and the final conversion to a lithium hydroxide product will use an electrochemical process tailored to lithium hydroxide production. The project is located in an area with significant existing infrastructure such as water, power, gas, road, rail and workforce; plus existing operating oil and gas assets, including wells, collection systems, easements and gas processing facilities. It should be noted that the Company has secured an option to acquire a key parcel of land in the contemplated Project area. This land may be suitable for siting a future brine processing and conversion facility as it is well served by existing infrastructure, utilities and pipeline easements. Development of the project, subject to continuing project definition, due diligence and receipt of future feasibility studies, contemplates production commencing in 2025 from the land package assembled by the Company to date (subject to unitization as described below).
Brine Leases and Future Unitization
The SW Arkansas Lithium Project is based on the Company's existing brine leases (maintained through an option agreement with Tetra Technologies Inc., a NYSE-listed Company) that have a net lease area of 27,262 acres (11,033 hectares). As the PEA contemplates a future production scenario (subject to ongoing project development and de-risking), it is necessary to model the potentially available resource by aggregating these leases into a single unitized production area; this has the effect of 'filling in the gaps' between the lease parcels to generate a single unitized area of 36,172 gross mineral acres (14,638 gross mineral hectares). Note that this 'unitizing', or 'grossing-up' of the existing leases to a possible future production area is normal for brine production in Arkansas (the Arkansas Brine Statute), and can only be considered when the net holding in the unitized area is greater than 75%. Note also that future aggregation and unitization of the leases is subject to regulatory approval, and will be governed by an existing process that is managed and overseen by the Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission (AOGC).
Brine Production/Injection, Pipelines and Pre-Treatment
Based upon geological and brine chemistry information in the SWA Lithium Project area, the lithium concentrations are anticipated to be consistent within the South and North Resource areas, averaging 399 mg/L and 160 mg/L, respectively. A network of 23 brine supply wells would produce from the Smackover Formation in the higher-grade South Resource area averaging about 1,715 m [3] /day per well for an aggregated total production of 39,452 m [3] /day (1,644 m [3] /hr or 7,238 US gallons per minute). The average brine supply well production rate is similar to the two existing bromine operations located immediately to the east of the Project. Brine from the supply wells would be conveyed to a lithium extraction and lithium hydroxide production facility by a network of underground fibreglass pipelines totalling approximately 18.3 km (11.4 miles) in length. The brine entering the production facility would be pre-treated to remove hydrogen sulphide gas (H2S), suspended solids and hydrocarbons, prior to processing by the Company's proprietary direct lithium extraction process (LiSTR). After LiSTR processing, the lithium depleted brine is returned to the lower-grade North Resource area by a pipeline system 20.3 km (12.6 miles) in length to a network of 24 brine injection wells completed in the Smackover Formation. All extraction and reinjection would occur in the single unitized area to maintain reservoir pressures (as is the practice elsewhere in southern Arkansas).
Direct Lithium Extraction by LiSTR
The proprietary LiSTR lithium extraction process uses a fine-grained, solid, inorganic adsorbent to selectively adsorb lithium ions from the brine. The LiSTR process produces a concentrated lithium chloride solution. This process is currently being successfully tested by the Company at their Demonstration Plant in Union County, Arkansas (see December 03, 2020 news release). This Demonstration Plant has been successfully operating at a pre-commercial scale since May 2020.
Lithium Hydroxide Production
The concentrated lithium chloride solution from LiSTR is further concentrated by high pressure reverse osmosis and impurities are removed through ion exchange (as also successfully proven at the Company's Demonstration Plant). The further concentrated and purified lithium chloride solution is processed by electrolysis to form a highly pure lithium hydroxide solution. This solution is crystalized into a solid, battery-quality lithium hydroxide monohydrate.
Capital Costs
At full build-out, with estimated average production over 20 years of 30,000 tonnes per annum of lithium hydroxide, the direct capital costs are estimated at US$532 million, with indirect costs of US$205 million. A contingency of 25% was applied to direct costs (US$133 million) to yield an estimated all-in capital cost of US$870 million. A summary of the capital costs is provided in Table 2 below.
Table 2: Capital Cost Summary
Description Direct Costs Million US$ [1] Indirect Costs Million US$ [2]
Extraction and Reinjection Wellfield [[3]] 204.9 2.3
Pipelines [[3]] 38.7 2.5
Receiving/Pre-Treatment 35.4 28.1
Lithium Extraction (LiSTR) 135.0 103.8
Lithium Hydroxide Conversion 90.9 39.9
Utilities/Infrastructure 26.9 28.5
Contingency 133.0 [[4]] -
Total 664.8 205.1
CAPEX TOTAL US$869.9 million
[1] Direct costs were estimated using either vendor-supplied quotes, and/or engineer estimated pricing (based on recent experience) for all major equipment. Major equipment prices were scaled using appropriate AACE Class 5 Direct Cost Factors (provided by the relevant QP) to derive all direct equipment costs
[2] Indirect costs were estimated using AACE Class 5 Indirect Cost Factors multiplied by the direct costs. Indirect costs include all contractor costs (including engineering); indirect labor costs and Owner's Engineer costs
[3] Exceptions to above costing estimate methodology were the wellfield and pipelines, which were based on HGA's recent project experience in the local area
The operating cost estimate includes both direct costs and indirect costs, as well as allowances for mine closure. The majority of the operating cost comprises reagent usage required to extract the lithium from the brine, as well as conversion to lithium hydroxide monohydrate and electricity consumption. Out of this, the greatest amount is related to acid and base consumption (hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide) and was estimated using information from the operating Demonstration Plant located in Union County, Arkansas. The all-in operating cost of $2,599 per tonne of lithium hydroxide is one of the lowest reported in the industry owing to two key factors which are location-specific. DLE processes are reagent intensive; in the case of the LiSTR process, the principal reagent cost is hydrochloric acid. A large portion (approximately 50%) of the acid required is produced on-site as a by-product of the electrochemical conversion of lithium chloride to lithium hydroxide. This can result in significant cost-savings during the lithium extraction step. The electrochemical conversion uses a large quantity of electricity, which would normally (in most jurisdictions around the world) result in a cost disbenefit; however, bulk electricity pricing in southern Arkansas is favorable (<6 cents/kWh), and hence results in overall lower-than-normal operating costs.
Table 3: Operating Cost Summary
Description Operating Cost US$/tonne Lithium Hydroxide[1]
Workforce [[2]] 190
Electrical Power [[3]] 378
Reagents and Consumables [[4]] 836
Natural Gas [[5]] 39
Maintenance/Waste Disposal/Misc [[6]] 563
Indirect Operational Costs [[7]] 110
Royalties and Land/Lease Costs [[8]] 482
OPEX Total 2,599
[1] Operating costs are calculated based on average annual production of 30,000 tonnes of lithium hydroxide
[2] Approximately 75 FTE positions
[3] Approximately 40% of electrical energy consumed by wellfield and pipelines; 60% by the processing facility
[4] Majority of reagent costs are comprised of HCl and NH4OH consumption. As discussed elsewhere, approximately 50% of the required HCl is produced on-site as a by-product of the electrochemical conversion of lithium chloride solution to lithium hydroxide solution, resulting in a significant cost saving. Additional cost savings can be attributed to the on-site production of concentrated NaCl solution, resulting from pre-concentration of the LiCl ahead of conversion. This NaCl solution is used as a regenerant in some of the polishing IX processes. Other reagents and consumables are air, lithium titanate make-up (owing to small losses in the process), membrane replacement, nitrogen and scale inhibitors for pumps/wellheads.
[5] Assumes that all natural gas is purchased from open market and none is co-produced at the wellheads
[6] Includes all maintenance and workover costs and is based on experience in similar-sized electrochemical facilities, brine processing facilities and Smackover brine production wellfields
[7] Indirect costs (insurance, environmental monitoring, community benefits etc.) are factored from other capital and operational costs, except for mine closure, which is based on known well-abandonment costs
[8] Based on agreed royalties and expected future lease costs. Does not include future lease-fees-in-lieu-of-royalties which are still to be determined and subject to regulatory approval (lease-fees-in-lieu-of-royalties have been determined for bromine and certain other minerals in the State of Arkansas, but have not yet been determined for lithium extraction)
Lithium hydroxide monohydrate battery quality pricing assessment was completed. Project pricing was based upon a current price of $14,500 US/tonne adjusted for inflation to the start of production in 2025. The sensitivity analysis is provided in Table 4 below.
Table 4: Lithium Hydroxide sale price post-tax sensitivity analysis
LHM Price in 2021[1] (US$/t)
Post-Tax NPV (US$ Million) Post-Tax IRR
12,500 1,544.7 27.6 %
16,500 2,386.1 36.3
[1] 2% annual LHM price escalation from 2021 to the start of production in 2025 was applied.
Mineral Resource Assessment
The resource present in the Smackover Formation below the SWA Lithium Project was updated based on the proposed unitized area encompassing 36,172 gross mineral acres (14,638 gross mineral hectares; see discussion above for disclosure on Unitization process). Using a cut-off criteria of 50 mg/L lithium, the SWA Lithium Project resource estimate is classified as 'Inferred' according to the CIM definition standards (see note 4 after Table 5). The total (global) in-situ Inferred lithium brine resource is estimated at 225,000 tonnes of elemental lithium, or 1,195,000 tonnes lithium carbonate equivalent ("LCE"); see Table 5 below for more detail.
Table 5: South-West Arkansas Lithium Brine Project Inferred Resource Estimation
Upper Smackover Formation Middle Smackover Formation Total (and main resource) [[1]]
Parameter South Resource Area North Resource Area South Resource Area North Resource Area
Aquifer Volume (km [3] ) 2.852 4.226 0.704 1.080 8.862
Brine Volume (km [3] ) 0.281 0.416 0.071 0.110 0.76
Average lithium concentration (mg/L) 399 160 399 160 199
Average Porosity 10.1 % 10.1 % 10.3 % 10.3 % 10.1 %
Total Li inferred resource (as metal) metric tonnes [[4][5]] 112,000 67,000 28,000 18,000 225,000
Total LCE inferred resource
(metric tonnes) [[4][5]] 596,000 354,000 152,000 93,000 1,195,000
[1] Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no guarantee that all or any part of the mineral resource will be converted into a mineral reserve. The estimate of mineral resources may be materially affected by geology, environment, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing, or other relevant issues.
[2] Numbers may not add up due to rounding to the nearest 1,000 unit).
[3] The resource estimate was completed and reported using a cut-off of 50 mg/L lithium.
[4] The resource estimate was developed and classified in accordance with guidelines established by the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (CIM). The associated Technical Report was completed in accordance with the Canadian Securities Administration's National Instrument 43-101 and all associated documents and amendments. As per these guidelines, the resource was estimated in terms of metallic (or elemental) lithium.
[5] In order to describe the resource in terms of 'industry standard' lithium carbonate equivalent, a conversion factor of 5.323 was used to convert elemental lithium to LCE.
With respect to reconciliation of resources, the updated 2021 SWA Lithium Project resource is 49% larger than the 2019 resource estimate. This difference is directly related to unitization of the resource area. More specifically, the total aquifer volume has increased from 7.66 km [3] in 2019 to 8.86 km [3] (1.84 mi [3] to 2.13 mi [3] ) in this report.
The lithium brine Inferred Resource, as reported, is contained within the Upper and Middle Members of the Smackover Formation, a late jurassic oolitic limestone aquifer that underlies the entire Project. This brine resource is in an area where there is some localised oil and gas with on-property production, and where brine is produced as a by-product of hydrocarbon extraction. The data used to estimate and model the resource were gathered from existing and suspended oil and gas production wells on or adjacent to the Project.
The resource area is split into the northern and southern resource zones, where a fault system is generally interpreted to act as the divide between the two areas (although there is hydrogeological continuity in the resource zone across the fault system). In general, the Smackover Formation is slightly thinner, with lower lithium grades in the northern zone, and slightly thicker with higher lithium grades in the southern zone. The depth, shape, thickness and lateral extent of the Smackover Formation were mapped out using the following data:
2,444 wells drilled into the subsurface in the general SWA Lithium Project area. Of these, 2,041 wells were deep enough (2,135 m, or 7,000 feet) to penetrate the Upper Smackover Formation;
104 wells had electric logs available within the SWA Lithium Project that included the top of the Upper Smackover Formation;
32 wells had electric logs available within the SWA Lithium Project that included the base of the Upper Smackover Formation;
19 wells had electric logs available within the SWA Lithium Project that included the base of the Middle Smackover Formation; and,
29 wells had density logs and/or porosity logs that could be used to calculate total porosity in the Middle and Upper Smackover Formations. Nineteen of the 29 logs logged the entire Upper Smackover Formation.
In addition, hardcopy prints of 20 proprietary regional seismic lines totaling over 200 line-km (over 125 line-miles) were procured, scanned, rasterized and loaded into Kingdom [(R)] seismic and geological interpretation software.
The porosity and permeability data used to model the resource included:
Historical effective porosity measurements of more than 1,935 Smackover Formation core samples that yielded an average effective porosity of 14.3%;
Historical permeability data that vary from <0.01 to >5,000 millidarcies (mD) with an average of 338 mD;
515 core plug samples from oil and gas wells within the Upper and Middle Smackover Formations at the SWA Lithium Project were analysed for permeability and porosity and yielded an overall average permeability of 53.3 mD and a total porosity of 10.2%; and,
3,194 Smackover Formation total porosity values based on LAS density/porosity logs from 29 wells within, and/or adjacent to the SWA Lithium Project that have an average total porosity of 9.2%.
Representative in-situ brine geochemistry was assessed using eight lithium brine samples taken from wells re-entered by the Company in 2018 and was supplemented by four historical samples. These data yielded an average lithium grade of 160 mg/L in the northern resource zone and 399 mg/L in the southern resource zone. Sample quality assurance and quality control was maintained throughout by use of blanks, duplicates, standard 'spikes', and by using an independent and accredited laboratory, with a history of analysing high salinity lithium brines.
Main Recommendations
The principal recommendation from the PEA is that the project progress to a Pre-Feasibility Study.
Summary of Consultants - Quality Assurance
The PEA was prepared by a multi-disciplinary team of Qualified Persons ("QPs") that include geologists, hydrogeologists, civil and chemical engineers with relevant experience in brine geology, brine resource modelling and estimation, lithium-brine processing and project development and execution. This was combined with an update of the inferred resource assessment completed by APEX Geoscience Ltd. A National Instrument 43-101 report is required to be filed within 45 days, in conjunction with the disclosure of the PEA in this news release.
The companies involved in completing the PEA include:
APEX Geoscience Ltd (APEX): APEX is geological consulting company headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta. APEX has completed mineral exploration and resource modelling and estimations world-wide for over 25 years including lithium resource evaluations.
ECCI: ECCI is located in Little Rock, Arkansas and was established in 1993 to provide environmental support to engineering and construction projects.
Hunt, Guillot & Associates (HGA): HGA's headquarters is in Ruston, Louisiana near to the SWA Lithium Project. HGA has extensive engineering and construction expertise in the Gulf Coast region. HGA is a private company founded in 1997 with more than 450 employees.
Matrix Solutions Inc (Matrix): Matrix is a Canadian, privately-owned environmental and engineering company established in 1984 with more than 500 employees.
NORAM: NORAM is a Vancouver-based private company active in a wide range of technologies world-wide including electrochemistry for the production of lithium hydroxide monohydrate. NORAM was founded in 1988 and has more than 100 employees.
METNETH2OInc (METNETH2O): METNETH2O is a Canadian company in Peterborough, Ontario that provides hydrometallurgical solutions including pilot plant design and data analysis to companies world-wide.
News Release Quality Assurance
The scientific and technical information contained in this news release relating to the SWA Lithium Project PEA has been compiled by the above-mentioned companies. All companies have reviewed and approved the presentation of the PEA information in this news release. The final content of this news release has been reviewed by Clive Brereton, a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering and Vice President of NORAM Engineering and Constructors, and reviewed and approved by Eric Mielke, M.A.Sc., P.Eng., of NORAM. Mr. Mielke is a "Qualified Person" as the term is defined in National Instrument 43-101 and is independent of the Company.
About Standard Lithium Ltd.
Standard Lithium is an innovative technology and lithium development company. The Company's flagship project is located in southern Arkansas, where it is engaged in the testing and proving of the commercial viability of lithium extraction from over 150,000 acres of permitted brine operations. The Company has commissioned its first-of-a-kind industrial-scale direct lithium extraction demonstration plant at Lanxess's south plant facility in southern Arkansas. The demonstration plant utilizes the Company's proprietary LiSTR technology to selectively extract lithium from Lanxess's tail brine. The demonstration plant is being used for proof-of-concept and commercial feasibility studies. The scalable, environmentally friendly process eliminates the use of evaporation ponds, reduces processing time from months to hours and greatly increases the effective recovery of lithium. The Company is also pursuing the resource development of over 30,000 acres of separate brine leases located in south west Arkansas and approximately 45,000 acres of mineral leases located in the Mojave Desert in San Bernardino county, California.
Standard Lithium is jointly listed on the TSX Venture and the NYSE American Exchanges under the trading symbol "SLI"; and on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the symbol "S5L". Please visit the Company's website at www.standardlithium.com .
On behalf of the Board of Standard Lithium Ltd.
Robert Mintak, CEO & Director
Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release. This news release may contain certain "Forward-Looking Statements" within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and applicable Canadian securities laws. When used in this news release, the words "anticipate", "believe", "estimate", "expect", "target, "plan", "forecast", "may", "schedule" and other similar words or expressions identify forward-looking statements or information. These forward-looking statements or information may relate to future prices of commodities, accuracy of mineral or resource exploration activity, reserves or resources, accuracy of the PEA, including NPV, IRR, capital and operating costs, life of mine production, progression of the project, including to a pre-feasibility study, regulatory or government requirements or approvals, the reliability of third party information, continued access to mineral properties or infrastructure, fluctuations in the market for lithium and its derivatives, changes in exploration costs and government regulation in Canada and the United States, and other factors or information. Such statements represent the Company's current views with respect to future events and are necessarily based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while considered reasonable by the Company, are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, political and social risks, contingencies and uncertainties. Many factors, both known and unknown, could cause results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the results, performance or achievements that are or may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The Company does not intend, and does not assume any obligation, to update these forward-looking statements or information to reflect changes in assumptions or changes in circumstances or any other events affections such statements and information other than as required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.
For further information, contact Anthony Alvaro at (604) 240 4793
Contact: info@standardlithium.com
Twitter: @standardlithium
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/standard-lithium/
Is there a problem with this press release? Contact the source provider Comtex at editorial@comtex.com. You can also contact MarketWatch Customer Service via our Customer Center.
(C) Copyright 2021 GlobeNewswire, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Why OPEC will never cut production again

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Bailey is one of those names that bothers me for no logical reason. I dislike it on boys or girls. I really like the rest, however, especially Carex, Eric, Heath, and Smith. Orestes would be a fabulous middle name, too.
Glad to see you got through at last! I thought Carex was great, and I do like Orestes, but could only put it in in the middle because of the tragic story.


The Dawson Creek RCMP stopped more than 20 vehicles during a one hour period for failing to stop at traffic lights.
After complaints from the public and an increase in collisions, the Dawson Creek RCMP and South Peace Traffic Services put together a co-ordinated traffic enforcement effort along Alaska avenue between 17th street and 15th street.
During a one hour period, 16 tickets were issued for failing to stop for red and yellow lights. Other violations were for seat belts, failing to obey stop signs and use of electronic devices.
The RCMP state that even with the current condition of roads within Dawson Creek, the roads are not an excuse to run a red or yellow light. Drivers are urged to use caution while driving and to plan for extra time to reach your destination.
South Peace Traffic Services and the Dawson Creek RCMP will continue enforce road safety over the holiday season.


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Our relaxing, comfortable flat is located in the heart of buzzing Stockbridge. It is perfect for a city break or family holiday. The flat is a 15-minute walk from the city centre and is steps away from excellent gastropubs, eclectic local shops, and the wonderful Sunday market.
The flat is a modern two-bedroom ground floor flat. The flat is tastefully decorated and newly refurbished.
Sevi is a Superhost · Superhosts are experienced, highly rated hosts who are committed to providing great stays for guests.


Inspired by his grandmother, Meckelson, a former worker in the financial services industry, founded the Elder Wisdom Circle in 2001. Now nationwide, this group comprises volunteers aged 60–100 who endeavor to provide assistance to younger people who ask questions through a Web site. Meckelson and L.A. Times staff writer Haithman have divided representative correspondence into such subjects as careers, sibling issues and death. Many engaging and thoughtful questions and responses are recounted. Although one respondent recommends trusting in God, the circle members are by no means all believers and are required to refrain from proselytizing. The elders are not afraid to discuss nontraditional family structures and also humanely and appropriately deal with inquiries about sexuality. Anyone looking for empathy and practical strategies for overcoming difficulties from those who have been there will profit from this light-hearted guide and be inspired to visit the Web site, elderwisdomcircle.org.(Oct. 30) Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A respected Zen master in Japan and founder of the San Francisco Zen Center, Shunryu Suzuki has blazed a path in American Buddhism like few others. He is the master who climbs down from the pages of the koan books and answers your questions face to face. If not face to face, you can at least find the answers as recorded in Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind, a transcription of juicy excerpts from his lectures. From diverse topics such as transience of the world, sudden enlightenment, and the nuts and bolts of meditation, Suzuki always returns to the idea of beginner's mind, a recognition that our original nature is our true nature. With beginner's mind, we dedicate ourselves to sincere practice, without the thought of gaining anything special. Day to day life becomes our Zen training, and we discover that "to study Buddhism is to study ourselves." And to know our true selves is to be enlightened. –Brian Bruya –This text refers to the Paperback edition.
First published in 1854, Henry David Thoreau"s groundbreaking book has influenced generations of readers and continues to inspire and inform anyone with an open mind and a love of nature. With Bill McKibben providing a newly revised Introduction and helpful annotations that place Thoreau firmly in his role as cultural and spiritual seer, this beautiful edition of Walden for the new millennium is more accessible and relevant than ever.
Published in 1949, shortly after the author's death, A Sand County Almanac is a classic of nature writing, widely cited as one of the most influential nature books ever published. Writing from the vantage of his summer shack along the banks of the Wisconsin River, Leopold mixes essay, polemic, and memoir in his book's pages. In one famous episode, he writes of killing a female wolf early in his career as a forest ranger, coming upon his victim just as she was dying, "in time to watch a fierce green fire dying in her eyes…. I was young then, and full of trigger-itch; I thought that because fewer wolves meant more deer, no wolves would mean hunters' paradise. But after seeing the green fire die, I sensed that neither the wolf nor the mountain agreed with such a view." Leopold's road-to-Damascus change of view would find its fruit some years later in his so-called land ethic, in which he held that nothing that disturbs the balance of nature is right. Much of Almanac elaborates on this basic premise, as well as on Leopold's view that it is something of a human duty to preserve as much wild land as possible, as a kind of bank for the biological future of all species. Beautifully written, quiet, and elegant, Leopold's book deserves continued study and discussion today. –Gregory McNamee –This text refers to the Paperback edition.
"The wolf exerts a powerful influence on the human imagination. It takes your stare and turns it back on you." So Barry Lopez writes in his first major work of nonfiction, a careful study of the way that wolves and humans have interacted over centuries, and the way that the wolf has become so central to our thinking about animals. Drawing on considerable personal experience with wolves and on an astonishing range of literature, Lopez argues for the necessity of wolves in the world, which would be much poorer without their howl. Thanks in part to the influence of this essential book about Canis lupus, first published in 1978, we know a great deal more about wolves and are all the better prepared to assure their protection. –This text refers to the Paperback edition.
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Sunset San Soo
Sunset San Soo Kung Fu Studio
Kung Fu San Soo
Boundaries/WAP
Fight Choreography
Master Wally Bagot
Kung Fu San Soo is a combat system once taught to the Chinese Imperial Guard and now taught to the Chinese Special Forces and Police of China. More recently, the fundamental techniques of this art are being utilized as foundational elements for "SCARS," the system of hand‑to‑hand combat taught to the U.S. Navy Seals.
Think of any hand‑to‑hand fighting technique you may have ever witnessed, heard about or even employed. Now mix them all together in an unpredictable, seemingly random order in one art and you would most probably be describing KUNG FU SAN SOO. San Soo means, quite simply, "free hand" and that describes the dynamic of this art. It employs any combination of blocks, punches, kicks, leverages, throws and sweeps directed towards vital points of the body.
San Soo is not for sport. It is purely a fighting art designed for combat only and to be used in a sudden and aggressive form of self‑defense. Built upon a unique and completely natural set of basic stances and movements, it teaches its practitioners to spontaneously respond from a repertoire of unlimited combinations with a series of movements most effective in a given situation to diffuse the conflict, protect from and, when necessary, execute whatever damage would be needed to neutralize the assailant or assailants.
The real power of San Soo is that its effectiveness is built not only on developing great skill in physical movement, but that it attends to the development of the whole individual; complete integration of mind and body, balancing of temperament needed to develop effective self‑discipline and an unwavering respect for life and one's fellow human beings. In short, San Soo is a technique for not only self‑defense, but for self‑actualization as well. I believe that makes this art one of the most powerful ones in existence today.
The art of San Soo that Master Wally Bagot teaches is from the combat art of the "Chin Family System" as taught to him by First Generation Master, Larry E. Wikel, who received his instruction from Grandmaster Jimmy H. Woo, the guardian of the "Chin Family System San Soo Books" and the Great, Great, Great Grandson of Leong Kick, the original trustee of the Buddhist Training Texts as chosen by the masters of the Quan Yin Monastery in Southern China.
Grandmaster Jimmy H. Woo Kung Fu San Soo Associates
Tanya E. Bagot


If you are doing a Mustang restoration or repair you've just found a great place for restoration parts and supplies, how to, resources and tech articles for your vintage Mustang.
From simple repairs to weekend project. Full of how to articles for your Ford Mustang. Watch videos, see the illustrations and photos, find the mustang parts and tools you need to get the job done. Find a How to Mustang that you can do this weekend.
Follow the restoration progress and get valuable insight into the restoration process that will help you plan your Mustang restoration project. Discover more about Mustang Restoration.
If you're working on a Mustang restoration, from fox body to late model, be sure that you have the right Mustang restoration parts before you get started.


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Analysts, Options Traders Bite Into Apple Stock
At least 11 bull notes rolled in for the tech giant after earnings
#intraday-options-activity
Apple's fiscal second-quarter earnings and revenue beat analyst estimates
Apple Inc. (NASDAQ:AAPL) stepped into the earnings confessional yesterday evening, reporting fiscal second-quarter earnings and revenue that put Wall Street's estimates to shame. The tech giant saw upbeat results driven by strong demand for its 5G iPhones, while increasing stock buybacks by $90 billion; however, the company warned it could see blowback in the future as it continues to deal with an ongoing global semiconductor shortage. In response, AAPL was last seen up 1.8% at $135.93, while no less than 11 bull notes were dished out.
Today's positive price action has Apple stock cruising toward a sixth-straight win. While the shares have taken a breather since their Jan. 25 all-time high of $145.09, their 200-day moving average served as an effective springboard in March. The security boasts a more-than-respectable 91.8% year-over-year gain and is distancing itself from its year-to-date breakeven level.
Today's loftiest bull note came from Raymond James' $25 price-target hike from $160 to $185. As we noted last week when Apple announced some big investment news, the brokerage bunch was overwhelmingly optimistic.
Today, options traders are taking a greater-than-usual interest in the FAANG name. So far, over 302,000 calls and 113,000 puts have exchanged hands, which is triple the volume typically seen at this point. The two most popular contracts by far are the weekly 4/30 135- and 140-strike calls, meaning traders are speculating on even more upside for Apple stock by the time these options expire tomorrow.


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HP Elects John Hammergren to Board of Directors
PALO ALTO, Calif.--Nov. 22, 2005-- HP announced that John H. Hammergren, chairman, president and chief executive officer of McKesson Corporation, has joined HP's board of directors effective today. HP announced on Aug. 29 that Hammergren had agreed to join its board. With his election, he becomes the 10th member of the board and its eighth outside director. Hammergren, 46, has served since 1999 as a director of McKesson, a leading healthcare services and information technology company, with annual revenue of $80.5 billion in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005. He was elected president and chief executive officer of the company in 2001 and chairman in 2002.


The Union vehicles are provided to be used by the Union clubs and societies, driven by the students and alumni of those clubs.
This will insure you to drive a car (Union 7 seater or Enterprise 5/7 seater).
MOST IMPORTANTLY, to drive our vans or minibuses, you will need to complete a MINIBUS TEST (see below for more info).
Only insurable for a car (up to a 7 seater) – no test required.
If international students have been in the UK for more than a year, they are legally not permitted to drive and will have to obtain a provisional license and then take a standard UK driving test.
If you are eligible to drive our vehicles and be on our union insurance as outlined above, you will need to fill out the Driver Application Form.
Once you have filled out the driver application form above, please be patient until you receive a confirmation from our Transport Team that you are insured or if we need any more information.
The Handbook covers everything you need to know about driving our vehicles, what we expect, and what to do if you have any issues. We require all of our drivers to read it PRIOR to their first use of our union vehicles.
Now you are on our insurance, you can book your practical drivers test to be able to drive our Vans and Minibuses.
Please note, if you only wish to drive the car, you do not need to take a practical test, and can drive from the point you have confirmation of union insurance.
The Union minibus test is aimed to see how you cope driving a long wheel based vehicle and is purely competence based - PLEASE NOTE it does not include teaching time.
Tests are taken on various days in the week subject to our tester's shift patterns. They take about 1.5 hours to complete.
The cost for the test and a retest (if offered) is £25. University Staff will also be required to pay the mileage for the test.
You can check upcoming TEST AVAILABILITY via this link.
You can then book your test by contacting the Union Transport Team at ussu.transport@surrey.ac.uk.
Once you have a confirmation your test has been booked, please PAY HERE.
On the day of your test, please come to the Union Reception (Union House) 5 minutes ahead of your scheduled time. You will need you driving license with you. You will not need to bring anything else.
For more information on the minibus test itself and what to expect, please download are helpful guide below.
If you successfully passed your test, you will receive an email with an Union driver number. You will also appear on the booking system's drivers list, enabling a vehicle to be booked out with you named. We no longer issue drivers cards.
If you were unsuccessful, we may offer you a retest. Usually the extra practice in the vehicle will enable you to pass the second time.
As the only difference between a 'Van' (2) and a 'Minibus' (3) licence is the age and experience required, if you pass our tests for a 'Van' (2) licence, and then become eligible for a 'Minibus' (3) licence, there will be no test to take - we will just update our records.
We may, at our discression, ask you to take a retest. This could be following an accident, or otherwise, and will be charged.


In this webinar we went through our exciting new features that were released on June 28th. We have enhanced our website widgets, added closed captions and other accessibility features, added a new supervisor role, as well as other smaller updates. Join the fun as we talk about how you can start using these immediately.
Jeromy started Niche Academy because he wanted a simpler way to teach and learn online. Also, after years of building and managing software, he decided that building a whole new company was a better outlet for his bottled up energy and ideas.


Spatter is erupted from volcanoes while still molten. It consists of dense basalt glass that has relatively few gas bubbles. Spatter cones are constructed when spatter accumulates around a volcanic vent. Numerous cones dot the rift zones of Kilauea volcano.
These large, dense pieces of lava are ejected commonly by older shield volcanoes like Mauna Kea and Haleakala.
When molten lava is ejected into the air, it forms thin, fragile strands of volcanic glass.
These are not formed by lava fountains. Limu O Pele are delicate flakes or broken walls of large lava bubbles formed when lava from volcanoes enters the ocean and partially inflates with steam.
Pele's Tears are solidified droplets of lava that form during an eruption. Tears can be found attached to the end of a strand of Pele's hair.
Aa forms when sticky, viscous lava flow breaks up while moving downslope a volcano. The reddish brown color develops through oxidation when the lava cools, and the final appearance is that of a rough, jagged and sharp surface. This sample was obtained in 1972 from erupting lava flow from Kilauea Volcano's Past Rift.
The rope like texture of Pahoehoe lava flow comes from the gases emitted by flowing lava. These gases take the form of small bubbles called vesicles. Pahoehoe is composed chiefly of black basaltic glass and the rock has a smooth and slippery surface. This sample was obtained in 1972 from erupting lava flow from Kilauea Volcano's East Rift Zone.
This solidified lava foam is created when erupting clots of lava from volcanoes release gases that cause intense frothing.
Similar to pumice, but the frothing is so intense that the bubble walls are broken, producing a delicate, thread-like network of basalt glass.
Frothy fragments of volcanic material ejected into the air during volcanic eruptions.


Jeanna Elise Parkos, 44, of Evans, died on Tuesday, Oct. 13, 2009, at her home.
She was born on May 10, 1965, in Golden, Colo., to Robert O. and Mildred Boren.
Jeanna attended school in Kersey while growing up on her parents' acreage south of town.
She greatly enjoyed caring for small children and training her Great Danes.
She is survived by her husband, Jeff Parkos; her daughters, Kaitlyn and Alicia Parkos of Evans; her parents, Robert and Mildred Boren of Greeley; three sisters, Ann Zarezadegon and husband Paymon of Greeley, Sue Boren of Hudson and Laura Mendoza and husband Phil of Greeley; her father- and mother-in-law, William and Marjorie Parkos of Greeley; her brothers-in-law, Mike and Dan Parkos of Greeley; and numerous nieces and nephews.
A memorial service to celebrate Jeanna's life will be held at 4 p.m. on Thursday, Oct. 22, 2009, at the Cavalry Chapel, 2602 27th St. in Greeley.
Memorial gifts may be made to the Jeanna Parkos memorial fund to be used for her daughters' college education. Send in care of Moser Funeral Service, 3501 S. 11th Ave., Evans, CO 80620.


Well.. we don't know where to start really. It has been an amazing experience having our little shop at Yare Valley Farm here in Surlingham. Almost six months after opening, we feel the support and kind words from everyone… Thank you Surlingham for coming down to us and for making us feel so welcomed.
We want to wish everyone a merry Xmas full of love, peace and joy. May you all feel the true Spirit of Christmas and cherish every moment with your family or friends.
We are open Christmas Eve until 4 with cakes ready to take home for your special lunch.
We open on Boxing Day, 10 till 5, to make your Boxing Day Walk even more special.


"My experience with Jennifer Johnson has made a huge impact on my overall health. With her guidance I have been able to manage my anxiety and depression issues in a holistic manner. Jennifer is incredibly thoughtful and approachable regardless of the concerns I bring to her attention. She truly is a blessing!" – Jennifer B.


great seller as always, even with some slight issues, they always stride to deliver supreme customer service!!
Thank You, I am ready for another one, I sent 70 last time instead of 65 what kind of deal can you give me i have 5 that need 75 to 100 playlists and 1 that needs 20-30 playlists.
Hey guys my 80 saves don't show. Why is that?
RESPONSE TIME 10 MINUTES - 8 HOURS If you need a service we dont have, ask us and we will most likely be able to deliver the service to you fast..


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Q: Push/pull visualization in dataflow diagram I'm trying to visualize a data flow in a diagram where data can flow in one or many directions. Some actors push the data to another actor in the diagram and other actors pull the data.
From what I can find, there is no notation of it in uml but I might be wrong.
What would be a good way of conveying who the acting part is as well as the direction(s) of the data flow in a diagram like this?

A: will confirms that there are no immediate solutions for this in UML so the options I see are: separating the flows, coloring the graph in some custom way, use different arrow types or fiddle with the graph in some other way to convey the message.

A: I might be influenced by the german software company I currently work at, but for those cases I really like FMC (Fundamental Modeling Concepts), which is -- said oversimplified -- a more abstract version of modeling (than e.g. UML) and is mainly used by software architects.
The point why I recommend that here, is that FMC already has the a concept of agents and thus can be easily used for actor diagrams. It has connectors for something called channels, which can be unidirectional and thus are good to visualize message passing and simple connectors for data access (read, read/write, and write; e.g. database access).
I used it for some modelings of a actor-based Akka systems and it worked quite well for me.
If it's not FMC, I'd also use data flow diagrams as will recommended.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: MATLAB no longer unloading MEX-files after upgrade to macOS Mojave In MATLAB, clear mex unloads all MEX-files from memory (unless they're locked). Under previous versions of macOS, I was able to re-compile a MEX-file and run the modified version without restarting MATLAB, simply by issuing a clear mex command. This is no longer possible under Mojave.
For example, take this trivial MEX-file (get_data_pointer.c):
#include "mex.h"

void mexFunction( int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[] )
{
  plhs[0] = mxCreateNumericMatrix(1, 1, mxUINT64_CLASS, mxREAL);
  *(uint64_t*)mxGetData(plhs[0]) = (uint64_t)mxGetData(prhs[0]);
}

We can create the MEX-file and load it in memory with
mex get_data_pointer.c
get_data_pointer(0)

To clear it,
clear mex
[~,mexfiles] = inmem
version -modules

inmem indeed returns an empty cell array indicating no MEX-files are loaded in memory, But version -modules (undocumented, from this answer) still shows /Users/cris/matlab/get_data_pointer.mexmaci64 in its output. And changing the MEX-file source code and re-compiling demonstrates that, indeed, the MEX-file is never reloaded, the old version is still being run until one exits MATLAB.
I am seeing this on MATLAB R2017a on macOS Mojave. This was never a problem with the same MATLAB version under High Sierra.
How can I force MATLAB to unload the MEX-file without restarting?

A: That's probably the libstdc++ change. This is a runtime library which Apple deprecated quite a while ago (XCode 8 I think) and finally dropped completely in XCode 10 and Mojave. So the MEX file you have was probably compiled with an older version.
The MathWorks rules on MEX file compatibility is that they will often work between versions, but if there is an incompatible change (like this one), then you need to recompile.


The most important part of a luxury vacation is your accommodation booked with CancunSteve.
This means a five-star resort offering every possible amenity.
El Faro condos and villas will not disappoint anyone.
Located in a pristine natural environment right on the beach one block from Fifth Avenue, Encanto El Faro looks out over the turquoise transparent Carribbean sea and is in the center of Playa Del Carmen, a fun Mexican town with great shopping and delightful resturants, perhaps of the best Mexico has to offer.
Encanto El Faro reflects a degree of upscale luxury that has made it a favorite destination for vacationers each year.
Typical kitchen and dinning room shown to the right.
The main thing about this place is location, location, location. And the view!
The building is within a few minutes walk of EVERYTHING: restaurants, shops, bars, clubs, discos; and, of course it is right on the beach with a great pool/beach area.
The view from the beach is the island of Cozumel.
The pool is large and the grounds are really nice.
El Faro – No better location or beach than the hotel El Faro, Playa del Carmen's exclusive Landmark Hotel.
When you step out on your private terrace and admire the magnificent views of our astonishing gardens, the pearly white sand beach and the brilliantly turquoise Caribbean Sea beyond.
Ocean front suite shown below.
no better Playa del Carmen location.
One bedroom suites have one king bed.
Two bedroom suites offer one king and one queen bed.
Three bedroom suites have one king; one queen; two twin beds.
We just returned from our stay at El Faro and would HIGHLY recommend staying there!
And the best prices and service on this website!
You will realize then that you are a part of the few privileged that can call this world class resort your vacation home. All rooms ocean view.
This hotel is also becoming the town's landmark, for the graceful swirling lighthouse that borders the northern edge of its beachfront location El Faro – What could be more tempting than staying at your "get-away home" at "El Faro", Playa del Carmen's exclusive Landmark Hotel.
When you step out on your private terrace with the sea at your feet and your loved one in your arms you will know you have arrived in Playa del Carmen.
A small but stunning pool (heated in winter months) has islands of palm trees, and is bordered by cushioned lounge chairs and a palapa topped bar for you to order up your favorite cocktail beneath the golden sun. The entire property is trendy with a cool, clean feel to it, with its white cream stucco facade. You will find yourself amazing not believing that you can have the comfort, coziness and the conveniently luxury of a hotel right on the edge of this unbelievable paradise. El Faro is definitely a supreme balance of space and beauty, where we can say you will enjoy the most unforgettable vacation of your life. Come and let us treat you the way you deserve to be treated in this amazing place where you can only expect the best in Playa del Carmen.
Click on the above image to see just how lovely the rooms are indeed!
The condo complex is managed by professionals; offering 24/7 security service, uniformed maid service, free purified water, and bilingual on site guest services staff members who will be pleased to assist you with any arrangement or information you and your family might need.
This Playa del Carmen luxury condo hotel is optimally set in the center of Playa del Carmen on a wide white beach, only a few steps from 5th Ave and a block away from popular 12th Street.
So you don't have to go far to find the best shopping, including a Liverpool, bars, gourmet restaurants like my favorite the Blue Lobster (This romantic fine dining eatery offers indoor white linen dining, as well as terrace tables for those evenings when the moon is out. Popular menu items include steaks grilled to order, such as the juicy t-bone. Assess your appetite and choose a fresh Carribean lobster from the tank — you're charged according to its weight. Ceviche and the shrimp with lime butter are other goodies from the ocean's bounty. The bar often features live music), plus casual bistros and a bustling nightlife.
Also near your two bedroom beachfront in El Faro find the Yaxche.
The name means green tree or Jolly Green Giant, in ancient Mayan, and the restaurant is decorated in-line with this theme. Large inscribed stones replicate what you would find at a ruin, and there are murals of Mayan gods painted on the walls. So pray your bill isn't too steep.
Dear Chac Mool keep my check low.
This is regional cooking at its best, using local spices and produce.
Start with the shrimp tacos and then sample the bean broth soup, rich with root vegetables, tomatoes and corn. An excellent salad mixes cucumber, jicama and fruits of the area with great lemon juice and paprika dressing.
Many of the entrees are bean- or root-vegetable-based, so vegetarians will find a happy home here. Another good bet is the sour orange marinated pork baked in a banana leaf. Just heavenly.
A full array of fresh fruit drinks are available, and the restaurant has am extensive tequila list to get you tipsy before the check arrives (don't forget that Chac Mool thing).
Mambo Cafe, a classic Playa del Carmen nightclub. And in Cancun as well. I know. We go there to dance. It has live bands around plus salsa, hip-hop, and rap in a good atmosphere.
Besides its great location, El Faro offers its guests the comfort, service and amenities of a five-star resort. This is the reason it has been so popular with honeymooners and groups of friends looking for a worry-free and fun side of Mexico. Every detail inside El Faro is well thought of, to make sure that you will not need anything while staying there – from stylish interior design to cozy beds, from spacious living room to a well-furnished kitchen, from high-end air conditioning systems to big plasma TV.
free night ONE NIGHT FREE!!!
promo : jan 3rd 2013 to april 7th 2015: take 2% off!!!
Awesome low prices on all units all 2015. Too low to publish here. Ask.


Delta battery was the primary support of the 6/31st from Can Giouc until the end of the 3rd brigade in Sept. of 1970. Found this piece in the Old Reliable newspaper. Looks like it was formed from another unit and then attached to the 1/11th Arty and at that time supported the 1st "Recondo" Brigade. Looks like one typo in the story "2/47th".
Last edited by Niner Alpha on Wed Oct 03, 2007 8:31 pm, edited 1 time in total.


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Q: Where does rails log errors in javascript? I'm fairly new to Ruby on Rails so sorry if the answer is obvious, I couldn't find anything via search. Right now I have my view rendering _box.js.erb which simply draws a box. Inside _box.js.erb, which works correctly under normal circumstances, I introduce a simple syntax error like an unmatched parenthesis. When I load the webpage, my box doesn't show up. I look in logs/development.logs and it has no mention of my javascript syntax error. Is this error being caught somewhere? If so, how can I display it?

A: The error occurs on the client, not the server, so ROR cannot log it.
If you're using Firefox, install Firebug. Other browsers have JavaScript consoles, usually opened by pressing F-12 or looking on the "developer" options on the application menus.

A: You could also create a controller to accept javascript errors, so when there's a client side error you can just send it to a javascript error collection endpoint which in turn could take the contents of the error and add it to the Rails log or whatever log.
This old gem does that. I realize this questions is 8 years old.


Hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation in tissue are important biomarkers that are useful in both research and clinical diagnostics of a wide variety of diseases such as cancer. The authors aim to develop simple ratiometric method based on the spectral filtering modulation (SFM) of fluorescence spectra to estimate the total hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation in tissue using only a single fluorescence emission spectrum, which will eliminate the need of diffuse reflectance measurements and prolonged data processing as required by most current methods, thus enabling rapid clinical measurements.The proposed method consists of two steps. In the first step, the total hemoglobin concentration is determined by comparing a ratio of fluorescence intensities at two emission wavelengths to a calibration curve. The second step is to estimate oxygen saturation by comparing a double ratio that involves three emission wavelengths to another calibration curve that is a function of oxygen saturation for known total hemoglobin concentration. Theoretical derivation shows that the ratio in the first step is linearly proportional to the total hemoglobin concentrations and the double ratio in the second step is related to both total hemoglobin concentration and hemoglobin oxygenation for the chosen fiber-optic probe geometry. Experiments on synthetic fluorescent tissue phantoms, which included hemoglobin with both constant and varying oxygenation as the absorber, polystyrene spheres as scatterers, and flavin adenine dinucleotide as the fluorophore, were carried out to validate the theoretical prediction.Tissue phantom experiments confirm that the ratio in the first step is linearly proportional to the total hemoglobin concentration and the double ratio in the second step is related to both total hemoglobin concentrations and hemoglobin oxygenation. Furthermore, the relations between the two ratios and the total hemoglobin concentration and hemoglobin oxygenation are insensitive to the scattering property of the tissue model for the chosen probe geometry.A simple two-step ratiometric method based on the SFM of fluorescence spectra is proposed to estimate the total hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation in a tissue model using only a single fluorescence emission spectrum. This method is immune to the variation in system throughput caused by inconsistent optical coupling because of its ratiometric nature. Calibration curves are insensitive to the scattering coefficient for the chosen probe geometry. Moreover, since only fluorescence intensities at a few wavelengths in a single fluorescence emission spectrum are needed in this method, the SFM method minimizes the amount of required data and reduces the data acquisition time. Finally, since this method does not use nonlinear regression, it can dramatically save computation time in data processing. The high sensitivity of the proposed method to superficial tissue volumes makes it ideal for fluorescence based oximetry and medical diagnostics in applications such as early epithelial cancer diagnosis or wherever the measured tissue volume is exposed to the outside such as in open surgery.


L'Auberge des Orpailleurs is a nice place to eat and sleep. This inn is about 2 hours drive from Kourou and offers opportunities for hiking, canoeing, resting and..eating. The Owner Jona is also the Chef and he perfectly adapts local vegetables and games to his high cooking knowledge. His wife Silva welcomes you and manages the site. Some of Echostar people said: "Probably one of the best meal we had since we are in french Guiana" With such good recipes, it's a great idea having hammocks ready not far from the restaurant!


Vermeer Thermex International and their European principals, designs, manufactures and supplies the Thermex Thermal Maintenance System for all kind of piping, vessels and tanks maintaining the required process temperature enabling melt-out requirements.
The Thermex Thermal Maintenance System is used in cases where contamination from internal coil leaks cannot be tolerated and/or the wall temperature uniformity is critical to prevent condensation and corrosion.
The combination of its cost advantage over jacketed piping and its thermal and reliability advantages over tube tracing make it an attractive thermal maintenance solution for most processes.
The ThermEx Thermal Maintenance System is used as external heating system on vessels, in cases where cross-contamination from welded-on half pipe heating systems or internal serpentines cannot be tolerated and/or the wall temperature uniformity is critical to prevent condensation and corrosion.
The Thermex Thermal Maintenance System, both technical and commercial, compared with fully jacketed piping or with tube traced systems.
A sense of quality is dominantly present in our company's genes and we can only act accordingly.


text:
Past Hackathons
Bitcoin SV Developers
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Blockchain Developers
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Bitcoin SV Academy
BSV DevCon
BSV Node
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Bitcoin SV Hackathon success story: TrueReviews / Britevue
The second Bitcoin SV Hackathon took place over the weekend of August 17-19, 2019, with entrants tasked with designing inventive ways for users to use Bitcoin SV to earn value through microtransactions. More than 200 developers participated in the competition, with 18 projects submitted for final judging.
Trio of brothers Connor, Dylan and Kevin Murray finished second runner-up with their project TrueReviews – and while it didn't earn them one of the three hefty cash prizes, their accomplishment earned them a grant to attend the CoinGeek Conference in Seoul. As a result, the team had the opportunity to participate in Bitcoin Association's Pitch Day and make the push they needed to secure the funding they needed to turn their project into a business – which now exists as Britevue.
Bitcoin Association spoke to Britevue CEO Connor Murray to tell us about his experience participating in the Bitcoin SV Hackathon and the impact it has had on his career.
Bitcoin Association (BA): How much did you know about Bitcoin and blockchain technology when you entered the BSV Hackathon in August 2019?
Connor Murray (CM): Before participating in the BSV Hackathon, I was working for a medical record software company. I'd been involved in the Bitcoin space for a few years and I closely followed the evolution from Bitcoin into Bitcoin Cash and then Bitcoin SV. I was looking for a project to dig my hands into, so my brothers and I started floating some ideas around. When the first BSV Hackathon was publicised in 2019, we followed the participating teams and noticed the substantial prizes they won. We decided to participate ourselves, but held out until the 2nd BSV Hackathon announced its theme of microtransactions. The theme would allow us the opportunity to explore one of our business ideas: the concept of an online review system with built-in incentives.
BA: What's it like to participate in a 48-hour hackathon event?
CM: My brothers worked with me on the project and one of them was living with me at the time. Before the time, we were split on whether to build an online review system or a Ticketmaster competitor, but once the theme was announced, we knew that the review platform was a good fit. Our kids were screaming around the house and our wives had to take care of the household, as we spent 48 hours straight on developing our project.
BA: How did the BSV Hackathon influence your project?
CM: The most significant influence the BSV Hackathon had on our project was to steer us towards microtransactions. It forced us to choose which project to dedicate ourselves to and see it through to the end.
BA: How did the idea of an incentivised online review platform come to you?
CM: Our project was about building some element of monetary value into online reviews. It came to me when I was on holiday in Italy. We spent an eight hour day with a tour guide, from pick up in the morning to drop off at night. At the end of the day, the tour guide asked us to review him on TripAdvisor because it was the only way for him to be evaluated against his peers.
We were thinking about it until we got back to our accommodation. I wanted to give the man some good, honest feedback, but it would take me an hour of my time to express what we did over eight hours and how he went out of his way for us. I realised that the only way I'd ever spend an hour doing something like that was if there was a proper incentive to do so. I was never going to see this guy again – I didn't even live in the same country as him – so there was no incentive for me to write a proper review except for goodwill. That's when it struck me that there was an incentive problem with reviews.
The few times I've leapt to giving online interviews in the past is when I've been angry and tried getting revenge on a company that wronged me. The value that monetary transfer introduces is to provide an incentive to leave positive reviews that benefit the business and other consumers.
We're also using the Bitcoin blockchain to introduce rewards so that businesses can manage their own digital footprint. How this would work is that you'd go into a shop and purchase a product, and your proof of purchase would be linked to an online review platform via the blockchain. This way, businesses can validate that people who review them have actually purchased their products. A business could also offer their customers a reward in exchange for leaving a review. By using smart contracts, the platform will automatically unlock a reward, whether they leave a positive or a negative review.
BA: How has your participation in the BSV Hackathon impacted your career?
CM: We didn't make it into the top three in the competition, but we did get placed in a runner-up spot. Runners-up received a subsidy to attend the CoinGeek Seoul conference in Korea and this gave us the chance to attend the Bitcoin Association Pitch Day. At Pitch Day, any business could come in and pitch their idea to try and raise money. We participated in the event, which ultimately led to us getting funding from Calvin Ayre's investment group. It changed our lives. It allowed me to work on the project full time and hire people to work on our platform to iterate more rapidly than would otherwise have been possible.
BA: Your online review platform, Britevue, is used across the world. Would you say that the BSV Hackathon contributed to your global reach?
CM: The craziest part of the BSV Hackathon was that we were competing with people from all over the world. The range of ideas presented at the competition was representative of a global perspective. What surprised us the most was that we already had reviews from China to India when we launched the platform right after the BSV Hackathon. The TrueReviews platform displayed all of the reviews that were being created and it was truly global. The United States wasn't even the most represented country, and that was just a day after launching it. Even after we rebranded the site to Britevue, the number of reviews and sign-ups we get from non-U.S. based users is quite remarkable. The global reach is characteristic of Bitcoin's nature. Keeping this global user base in mind when building your products is quite challenging and great fun.
BA: This year the BSV Hackathon's coding round will take place over several weeks, instead of the 48-hour period it was when you participated. There has also been a range of new developer tools launched since you competed. How do you think these changes will impact the hackathon experience?
CM: Having a more extensive suite of tools means that the possibilities are a lot more limitless. When we had only 48-hours to code, we were torn between using well-established tools that we were familiar with and exploring new tools that could be more innovative. You want to deliver a product that looks polished, but you also want to push yourself and do something cool. Extending the coding period will make the products much more epic.
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text:
Q: Is ring $\mathbb{Z}_5[x]/I$ is a field, when: $I=(3x^3+2x+1)\mathbb{Z}_5[x]$? Is ring $\mathbb{Z}_5[x]/I$ is field, when: $I=(3x^3+2x+1)\mathbb{Z}_5[x]$?
Can you show me a step by step instruction how to solve this problem?

A: Since $\mathbb{Z}_5$ is a field, we know $\mathbb{Z}_5[x]$ is a PID. Note that $3x^3+2x+1$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{Z}_5$, since the polynomial is of degree $3$ and plugging in every element of $\mathbb{Z}_5$ does not yield a zero. This argument works because any polynomial of degree $2$ or $3$ over a field is irreducible if and only if it does not have a root in that field. Therefore the ideal generated by $3x^3+2x+1$ is prime, hence is maximal (we are over a PID). We thus conclude that the quotient is a field (quotient of a ring by a maximal ideal is a field).


text:
BART Board Weighs Deficit Solutions as Ridership and Revenue Sink
News Fix
Dan Brekke
BART's 16th Street/Mission Station in San Francisco, pictured in April 2015. (Dan Brekke/KQED)
When BART developed its budget for the current fiscal year, which runs from last July 1 through this June 30, it made what seems like a natural assumption.
The agency had seen several years of dramatic growth in the number of passengers using the system, especially on weekdays. So staff estimated that, even though there were signs that ridership growth was slowing down, the system would continue to see more people board its trains during this fiscal year.
For BART managers, the agency's board of directors and system patrons alike, the number of people riding is more than a matter of academic interest or personal comfort. Train fares are BART's biggest single source of cash, and they're a key factor in the agency's annual budget.
As things have turned out, the slowdown in ridership growth BART saw in early 2016 has turned into an actual decrease in the number of people using the trains. And that trend, coupled with lower-than-expected growth in the district's sales tax proceeds, spells budget trouble that could impact passengers who continue to crowd onto the system's rush-hour trains.
In a budget update delivered to the BART Board of Directors on Thursday, staff reported that average weekday ridership between July 1 and Dec. 31, 2016 was down nearly 1 percent from the same period the previous year. A glance at the district's ridership report for January shows the trend has continued into this year, with total weekday ridership down about 4.5 percent from January 2016.
What kind of financial hit does that add up to for BART?
The district reported bringing in $480 million in fare revenue for fiscal 2015-16 and projected an increase of about 6 percent, to $510 million, for this fiscal year. BART financial staff now projects the agency will collect about $492 million in fares -- $18 million less than forecast.
There's one silver lining for BART in the ridership and revenue numbers, though: The number of passengers riding between the East Bay and San Francisco on weekdays is actually up 1 percent over last year. Those are longer trips with higher fares and have softened the overall loss of revenue.
Still, the district is facing an estimated $15 million to $25 million budget deficit for the year ending June 30; another shortfall of as much as $35 million is forecast for the 2017-2018 fiscal year.
So, we've done the numbers. What might they mean for BART riders?
BART staff presented the board with a series of options. A majority of board members have expressed support for some of the ideas, like a crackdown on fare evasion and expanding advertising opportunities at the system's stations. Other proposals include automating trains so they no longer require an operator, raising parking fees and imposing a new fee on Silicon Valley employee shuttles that pick up and drop off passengers at BART stations.
But Carter Mau, the head of BART's office of planning and budget, said the board will have to go beyond these measures.
"The sum of all these categories together will not be able to address the deficit we are facing," Mau said.
He told the board it would need to consider steps like raising the district's base fare -- the minimum amount it charges for a ride ($1.95, or $3.20 for the shortest transbay trip) -- and reducing the discount for youth and senior passengers. He said the district could save money through better timing of its allocations for long-term capital projects. And he noted that the agency has already imposed a freeze on hiring 160 approved positions.
Mau added that some major service cuts might be necessary for BART to save its budget shortfall. That could involve eliminating the first hour of weekday service, which now begins at 4 a.m., and cutting direct early evening service from San Francisco to Richmond and Fremont.
Rebecca Saltzman, the BART board president, said she's concerned that a cycle of reduced service, reduced ridership and reduced revenue would threaten the district's ability to continue reinvesting some of its operating income for capital projects.
Reducing service "should be the absolute last thing that we consider," Saltzman said. "I think it would be a really big mistake."
Board member John McPartland, who has an extensive history in emergency services, echoed that sentiment. "In medical terms, we call that circling the drain, and it leads nowhere good," McPartland said.
Debora Allen, a board member elected in November as a budget hawk, said the agency needs to address its long-term retiree pension and medical costs. She also lectured fellow board members for directing staff to undertake projects like developing a policy that would make BART a sanctuary from immigration enforcement.
"I think this board needs to remember when we ask staff to do things -- when we ask them to research things, when we ask them to go spend time on housing bills, we ask them to go develop sanctuary-in-transit policies -- we have to remember that that's a cost to this system as well," Allen said. "We have costs of the system that are in operations, but all of these other things where we sort of move off into things that don't make our trains run on time, these are costs, too, that we need to be looking at."
Lateefah Simon, another newly elected board member and one of two members who put forward the sanctuary proposal, took issue with Allen's remarks.
Responding to issues like sanctuary "is absolutely central to our being voices in the communities for folks who have no bullhorns," Simon said. "... As elected, the diversity and demography of our districts demand that we come to staff with a diversity of issues."
The board will revisit its revenue shortfall and alternatives for dealing with it at a Finance Committee meeting on March 14.
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text:
Renal thrombotic microangiopathy in a genetic model of hypertension in mice
Sanjeev Sethi, Shinichiro Iida, Curt D. Sigmund, Donald D. Heistad
Our goal was to develop a model of accelerated hypertension with renal microangiopathy. Transgenic mice that are hypertensive because of overexpression of human renin (R+ mice) and human angiotensin (A+ mice) genes were studied. To increase arterial pressure to levels comparable to those that may be seen in malignant hypertension, high salt was added to the diet and/or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), was added to the drinking water. Renal lesions, decline in renal function, and proteinuria developed within 10 weeks in R +/A+ mice given both L-NAME and a high-salt diet, and within 24 weeks in mice given either L-NAME or a high-salt diet. Renal morphology showed features of severe thrombotic microangiopathy, with extensive vascular and glomerular lesions in all R+/A+ mice on high salt, L-NAME, or high salt plus L-NAME. Vascular lesions included fibrin thrombi and onion skinning of the vessel walls, whereas glomerular lesions included segmental sclerosis, mesangiolysis, fibrin thrombi within glomerular capillaries, and double-contour formation of glomerular capillary walls. Renal morphology was normal in control mice fed high salt and/or L-NAME. No R +/A+ mice fed a normal diet developed vascular lesions, whereas a few mice developed mild focal glomerular lesions. In summary, these studies characterize vascular and glomerular lesions in R+/A + mice fed high salt, L-NAME, or both high salt and L-NAME, and provide a murine model of malignant hypertension with renal thrombotic microangiopathy.
Experimental Biology and Medicine
Renal thrombotic microangiopathy
Renin angiotensin
Transgenic mice
Dive into the research topics of 'Renal thrombotic microangiopathy in a genetic model of hypertension in mice'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Thrombotic Chemical Compounds 100%
Thrombotic Microangiopathies Medicine & Life Sciences 88%
Fibrin Chemical Compounds 78%
Genetic Models Medicine & Life Sciences 72%
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester Medicine & Life Sciences 65%
Salts Medicine & Life Sciences 50%
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Chemical Compounds 49%
Hypertensive Chemical Compounds 44%
Sethi, S., Iida, S., Sigmund, C. D., & Heistad, D. D. (2006). Renal thrombotic microangiopathy in a genetic model of hypertension in mice. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 231(2), 196-203. https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020623100210
Renal thrombotic microangiopathy in a genetic model of hypertension in mice. / Sethi, Sanjeev; Iida, Shinichiro; Sigmund, Curt D. et al.
In: Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 231, No. 2, 02.2006, p. 196-203.
Sethi, S, Iida, S, Sigmund, CD & Heistad, DD 2006, 'Renal thrombotic microangiopathy in a genetic model of hypertension in mice', Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol. 231, no. 2, pp. 196-203. https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020623100210
Sethi S, Iida S, Sigmund CD, Heistad DD. Renal thrombotic microangiopathy in a genetic model of hypertension in mice. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2006 Feb;231(2):196-203. doi: 10.1177/153537020623100210
Sethi, Sanjeev ; Iida, Shinichiro ; Sigmund, Curt D. et al. / Renal thrombotic microangiopathy in a genetic model of hypertension in mice. In: Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2006 ; Vol. 231, No. 2. pp. 196-203.
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title = "Renal thrombotic microangiopathy in a genetic model of hypertension in mice",
abstract = "Our goal was to develop a model of accelerated hypertension with renal microangiopathy. Transgenic mice that are hypertensive because of overexpression of human renin (R+ mice) and human angiotensin (A+ mice) genes were studied. To increase arterial pressure to levels comparable to those that may be seen in malignant hypertension, high salt was added to the diet and/or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), was added to the drinking water. Renal lesions, decline in renal function, and proteinuria developed within 10 weeks in R +/A+ mice given both L-NAME and a high-salt diet, and within 24 weeks in mice given either L-NAME or a high-salt diet. Renal morphology showed features of severe thrombotic microangiopathy, with extensive vascular and glomerular lesions in all R+/A+ mice on high salt, L-NAME, or high salt plus L-NAME. Vascular lesions included fibrin thrombi and onion skinning of the vessel walls, whereas glomerular lesions included segmental sclerosis, mesangiolysis, fibrin thrombi within glomerular capillaries, and double-contour formation of glomerular capillary walls. Renal morphology was normal in control mice fed high salt and/or L-NAME. No R +/A+ mice fed a normal diet developed vascular lesions, whereas a few mice developed mild focal glomerular lesions. In summary, these studies characterize vascular and glomerular lesions in R+/A + mice fed high salt, L-NAME, or both high salt and L-NAME, and provide a murine model of malignant hypertension with renal thrombotic microangiopathy.",
keywords = "Hypertension, Renal thrombotic microangiopathy, Renin angiotensin, Transgenic mice",
author = "Sanjeev Sethi and Shinichiro Iida and Sigmund, {Curt D.} and Heistad, {Donald D.}",
journal = "Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N. Y.)",
T1 - Renal thrombotic microangiopathy in a genetic model of hypertension in mice
AU - Sethi, Sanjeev
AU - Iida, Shinichiro
AU - Sigmund, Curt D.
AU - Heistad, Donald D.
N2 - Our goal was to develop a model of accelerated hypertension with renal microangiopathy. Transgenic mice that are hypertensive because of overexpression of human renin (R+ mice) and human angiotensin (A+ mice) genes were studied. To increase arterial pressure to levels comparable to those that may be seen in malignant hypertension, high salt was added to the diet and/or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), was added to the drinking water. Renal lesions, decline in renal function, and proteinuria developed within 10 weeks in R +/A+ mice given both L-NAME and a high-salt diet, and within 24 weeks in mice given either L-NAME or a high-salt diet. Renal morphology showed features of severe thrombotic microangiopathy, with extensive vascular and glomerular lesions in all R+/A+ mice on high salt, L-NAME, or high salt plus L-NAME. Vascular lesions included fibrin thrombi and onion skinning of the vessel walls, whereas glomerular lesions included segmental sclerosis, mesangiolysis, fibrin thrombi within glomerular capillaries, and double-contour formation of glomerular capillary walls. Renal morphology was normal in control mice fed high salt and/or L-NAME. No R +/A+ mice fed a normal diet developed vascular lesions, whereas a few mice developed mild focal glomerular lesions. In summary, these studies characterize vascular and glomerular lesions in R+/A + mice fed high salt, L-NAME, or both high salt and L-NAME, and provide a murine model of malignant hypertension with renal thrombotic microangiopathy.
AB - Our goal was to develop a model of accelerated hypertension with renal microangiopathy. Transgenic mice that are hypertensive because of overexpression of human renin (R+ mice) and human angiotensin (A+ mice) genes were studied. To increase arterial pressure to levels comparable to those that may be seen in malignant hypertension, high salt was added to the diet and/or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), was added to the drinking water. Renal lesions, decline in renal function, and proteinuria developed within 10 weeks in R +/A+ mice given both L-NAME and a high-salt diet, and within 24 weeks in mice given either L-NAME or a high-salt diet. Renal morphology showed features of severe thrombotic microangiopathy, with extensive vascular and glomerular lesions in all R+/A+ mice on high salt, L-NAME, or high salt plus L-NAME. Vascular lesions included fibrin thrombi and onion skinning of the vessel walls, whereas glomerular lesions included segmental sclerosis, mesangiolysis, fibrin thrombi within glomerular capillaries, and double-contour formation of glomerular capillary walls. Renal morphology was normal in control mice fed high salt and/or L-NAME. No R +/A+ mice fed a normal diet developed vascular lesions, whereas a few mice developed mild focal glomerular lesions. In summary, these studies characterize vascular and glomerular lesions in R+/A + mice fed high salt, L-NAME, or both high salt and L-NAME, and provide a murine model of malignant hypertension with renal thrombotic microangiopathy.
KW - Renal thrombotic microangiopathy
KW - Renin angiotensin
KW - Transgenic mice
JO - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N. Y.)
JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N. Y.)


Quintessential 50's pop culture is all about the jitterbug and rock 'n roll, the allure of the night sky and drive-in cinemas, cool guys with hot rides, and preppy gals in ponytails and loafers. However, the diners with their checker board polyvinyl table tops and matching stools, plus burgers and milk shakes on the menu, may well be the most classic of everything from the 1950s.The rock star stylists from With A Flourish, pull out all the stops to recreate Dree's one-of-a-kind 50's retro sock hop. There sure is a lot of metamorphosing going on and Nicolai Melicor Photography will razz your berries with their impressive photos of the big event.
Let's go back in time with Dree's stage, all jazzed up as a 50's diner. The scene is set with a jukebox and a soda machine replica. Behind the counter is an image of Dree, the diner host, ready to serve a strawberry milkshake. The high-leg stools typical of soda fountains, ketchup and mustard dispensers on the counter, coca cola in vintage bottles and posters of the best items of the menu are but a clever touch that adds to the 50's vibe.
Under a string of balloons and buntings in sweet dainty hues, the tables are dressed in pastel pink table cloth and baby blue pin-striped runners. Each table is decked out with a centerpiece that consists of a soda caddy, Dree's Diner menu, ketchup and mustard dispensers, and a stand-in for the real scoop of ice cream and sundae.
Dree's Jukebox cake is flawless – covered in smooth, seamless, almost porcelain-like fondant in the same pastel hues used on the stage jukebox replica. It is indeed a masterful creation by Tazzy Cakes.
Set against a soda fountain backdrop, Dree's dessert spread is every sweet tooth's dream. It's a feast for the eyes and a party in the mouth. A bite from any of these sweet treats will take you to 7th heaven, from the donuts smothered in royal icing, blueberry tarts, cakepops, cookies and cupcakes to the marshmallows, pinwheel lollipops and gummy candies. All these lovely desserts are straight out of the ovens of Vanilla bakery Café.
Guests pretend to go "hot-rodding" behind this sweet pink and blue Cadillac for a photo that is both unforgettable and, in urban-speak, is "instagrammable".
Be sure to check out Dree's matching photo gallery.
What a great way to say "Thank you for coming!" – Dree's young guests each get a specially designed knapsack with their names on it.
Here's the adorable birthday girl with her doting dad and mom, all dressed in their '50s diner attire. What a beautiful family indeed!