text:
\section{The ghost of B1508+55}

The pulsar B1508+55 has $S\sim 800\,$mJy near 150\,MHz, which makes it
an easy target for LOFAR \citep{haarlem13}.  Monitoring revealed
interesting features (Verbiest, priv.~comm.): Donner found significant
DM variations that were followed up by Os\l{}owski, using monitoring
with GLOW stations.\footnote{The `German Long Wavelength Consortium'
  (GLOW) coordinates local use of the German LOFAR stations.}
Variability of the trailing edge of the profile were found in these
data and independently in a monitoring campaign by Serylak. Macquart
and Bhat hypothesised that the `ghost' component(s) are likely caused
by interstellar scattering and are not intrinsic to the pulsar itself.

\begin{figure}[hbt]
  \hspace*{2.7em}\includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth]{profile.pdf}
  \includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth]{profile_log.pdf}
  \caption{Profile of B1508+55 observed with LOFAR.  The ghost near
    phase 0.6 (about 70\,msec offset from the peak) becomes obvious on
    a logarithmic scale (right). Profiles kindly provided by Stefan
    Os\l{}owski.}
  \label{fig:profile}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[hbt]
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{geom3.pdf}
\caption{Scattering geometry with one subimage deflected by an
  apparent angle $\theta$.}
\label{fig:geometry}
\end{figure}

Extensive LOFAR monitoring confirmed the existence of the ghost
components (see Fig.~\ref{fig:profile}) and found that they are slowly
approaching the main pulse with time.  Scattered components are
delayed, because their geometric path is slightly longer (see
Fig.~\ref{fig:geometry}).
\begin{displaymath}
c\tau = \frac12 \theta^2 D
\hspace{8em} D =\frac{D\sub{s}\,D\sub{d}}{D\sub{ds}}
\end{displaymath}
$D\sub{s}$ and $D\sub{d}$ are the distances to the source and the
deflector, respectively, and $D\sub{ds}$ is the distance between
deflector and source. For non-cosmological distances they are
additive, $D\sub{ds}=D\sub{s}-D\sub{d}$.

For a first guess we assumed that the scattering screen is halfway
between the pulsar and us, which corresponds to $D=D\sub{s}=2.1\,$kpc
\citep{chatterjee09}. For a delay of 70\,msec (see
Fig.~\ref{fig:profile}) the expected angle is $\theta=0\farcs16$. This
cannot be \emph{resolved} with LOFAR at 150\,MHz, but components
separated by pulsar gating can be \emph{localised} even better,
provided the signal is strong enough.

\section{Time-resolved VLBI with LOFAR}

We have to correlate offline after recording baseband data because of
the insufficient temporal resolution of the online correlator. This
procedure is unusual for LOFAR, but not for VLBI.  We started the
observations in 2016 with the six German stations of the LOFAR array,
which can be controlled and recorded centrally in Bonn and
J\"ulich. Later we included all other international stations in
France, Sweden, England, Poland (3), Ireland, the phased-up core and
KAIRA in Northern Finland \citep{mckay15}. The core is recorded
centrally, but all other stations use their own recording
equipment. Data are transferred electronically to Bonn.\footnote{For
  KAIRA this involves a physical transport of disks from the site to
  Troms\o{}. During winter and spring this can delay the data delivery
  significantly.} The data rate is 3.1\,Gbps per station, one hour
with all stations amounts to ca.~20\,TB of baseband data.

Data are correlated with an own software correlator. The main pulse is
used as in-beam calibrator, so that positions and fluxes are relative
to the unscattered pulsar itself. After correcting for possible
amplitude and phase differences between the linear dipoles per
station, we convert the signal to a circular polarisation basis using
an approximated model of the instrument response.

The phases are calibrated with a station-based fringe-fitting
algorithm that includes dispersive (ionospheric) and non-dispersive
(clocks) delays, rates and differential Faraday rotation. Afterwards
the amplitude bandpass is determined and corrected, and a second
iteration of fringe-fitting is performed. The calibration solutions
are then applied to the full set of time-resolved visibilities.

\begin{figure}[b]
  \hspace*{1.5em}\includegraphics[height=0.5244\textwidth]{pos_xy_new.pdf}
  \hfill
  \includegraphics[height=0.51775\textwidth]{pos_per_bin_new.pdf}\hspace*{1.5em}
  \caption{Left: Component position as function of pulse phase and
    frequency. Right: Component position (upper two panels); flux
    (third panel, combined and single baselines) as function of pulse
    phase; folded dynamic spectrum (bottom).  The offset is consistent
    with the expected parabola. We also notice the steep spectrum of
    the echoes, which is consistent with scattering.}
  \label{fig:glow folded}
\end{figure}

Data weights are derived from the autocorrelations, which
automatically downweights visibilities affected by RFI, so that no
flagging is needed. This is remarkable given the extremely strong
interference at certain frequencies and times. A disadvantage of this
approach is that very bright pulses are downweighted slightly,
whenever they reach a significant fraction of the system noise.

\section{Gated analysis}

After the phase and amplitude calibration we combine all baselines to
measure the position and flux as function of pulse phase (proxy for
delay) and frequency. Figure~\ref{fig:glow folded} shows clearly that
the echoes are offset in position from the main pulse, which confirms
the echo hypothesis. The effect is stronger than expected, which means
the scattering medium must be closer to us.  The positions are
constant over the band so that we can combine all frequencies. The
position relative to the main pulse follows the expected parabola from
the relation $\tau\propto\theta^2$ quite well. From the slope of that
parabola we get a first estimate of the distance to the scattering
screen of approximately 124\,pc.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering \includegraphics[width=0.29\textwidth,bb=80 18 560
  410,clip=true]{plots_2016_map_echo0.pdf}%
\includegraphics[width=0.29\textwidth,bb=80 18 560
  410,clip=true]{plots_2016_map_echo1.pdf}%
\includegraphics[width=0.29\textwidth,bb=80 18 560
  410,clip=true]{plots_2016_map_echo2.pdf} \\

\includegraphics[width=0.29\textwidth,bb=80 18 560
  410,clip=true]{plots_2018_map_echo0.pdf}%
\includegraphics[width=0.29\textwidth,bb=80 18 560
  410,clip=true]{plots_2018_map_echo1.pdf}%
\includegraphics[width=0.29\textwidth,bb=80 18 560
  410,clip=true]{plots_2018_map_echo2.pdf}
\caption{Gated dirty images of the main pulse (left) and the first two
  echoes (centre and right). The top panels are from October 2016
  using GLOW only, the lower ones are with the international
  array. All features besides the main peak are sidelobes, the noise
  level is much lower. We notice the increased resolution with the
  full array. The arrow represents the pulsar proper motion of almost
  100\,mas/yr \citep{chatterjee09}. The alignment of the echo offsets
  with the proper motion seem to be accidental, even though some
  alignment is favoured by selection effects.}
  \label{fig:dirty}
\end{figure}

We continued observing the system more or less regularly, included
KAIRA and later also the other international LOFAR stations and the
core. Fig.~\ref{fig:dirty} shows dirty images from early GLOW and
later international data. We notice that the angular separation of the
echoes from the main pulse decreases with time in a way that is
consistent with the pulsar proper motion and fixed echo positions.

\section{Deconvolution}

The gated analysis presented so far is not optimal, because it is
based on the invalid assumption that the intrinsic profile does not
overlap with the echoes, and that delayed versions of the profile do
not overlap with each other. In order to solve this superposition
problem, we are developing a method to combine the angular
deconvolution (with the dirty beam) and the temporal deconvolution
(with the pulse profile) into one algorithm. The current version is a
generalisation of CLEAN. Standard CLEAN subtracts and collects
components by position (and implicitly flux). Our
delayed-profile-aware version of CLEAN uses the delay as additional
explicit parameter and replaces the flux by a spectrum as implicit
parameter. In this way the measured signal is decomposed into delayed
and shifted version of the intrinsic pulse profile, each potentially
with its own spectrum, because scattering is known the be strongly
chromatic.

Figure~\ref{fig:clean} illustrates the deconvolution process. The
method is not perfect, but it already separates the echoes from the
wings of the intrinsic profile very well (blue and green curves in
lower right panel). With simple gated imaging these components would
be merged. The echo components fit the expected parabola (lower left
panel for $D\sub d=117$\,pc) very well, even after more iterations.
The deviations in the central area are at least partly due to
inaccuracies of the deconvolution. This will be investigated further,
because real deviations from the parabola are direct measurements of
the delay happening in the scattering screen (in addition to the
geometric delay) and would be evidence for larger-scale lensing
effects.

\begin{figure}[hbt]
  \centering \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{multiclean_100.pdf}
  \caption{Intermediate results of our generalised CLEAN method after
    100 iterations.  Top: Residual map (significance as function of
    position, each for the optimum delay); optimum delay as function
    of position; the two combined (delay as colour, white circles show
    collected components). Bottom: Delay as function of signed radius
    (measured from upper left to bottom right) with expected parabola;
    components in delay space; the same convolved with the intrinsic
    profile and separated into central part and rest (echoes).}
  \label{fig:clean}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion and outlook}

Low-frequency VLBI proves the nature of the ghosts in B1508+55 as
scattering-induced echoes and makes it possible to study the
scattering process in unprecedented detail.

The fact that the string of echoes directly crosses the pulsar is at
least consistent with a very anisotropic scattering that can deflect
only in this direction. There are components on both sides, which
means that some must have crossed the line of sight in the past, to
our knowledge without spectacular effects. This an important result in
itself, because large-scale lensing would behave differently. It
remains to be seen what crossings of the brighter components in the
future will show.

With the current monitoring programme we will be able to follow the
echo components in their evolution over time while the pulsar is
moving behind them. Their behaviour provides important information
about the density field that is causing the scattering.  The alignment
with the proper motion is still a puzzle, but it helps in accelerating
the evolution in this system.

Possible physical models are under investigation, e.g.\ variants of
ideas presented by \citet{walker17}. There is indeed an A2 star
1.37\,pc from the line of sight at a distance of $(120\pm8)\,$pc,
which is consistent with our estimate of the distance to the
scattering screen. Intriguingly the offset is also aligned almost
exactly with the line of echoes.

In the future we will also study other systems in the same way,
e.g.\ B2217+47, in which \citet{michilli18} also find strong evidence
for echoes.

\acknowledgments Many thanks go to everybody who helped with the
observations at all the stations, in particular (in alphabetic order)
Leszek B\l{}aszkiewicz, Tobia Carozzi, Julian Donner, Jean-Mathias
Grie\ss{}meier, Andreas Horneffer, Aris Karastergiou, Andrzej
Krankowski, J\"orn K\"unsem\"oller, Wojciech Lewandowski, Barbara
Matyjasiak, Derek McKay, Natasha Porayko, Mariusz Po\.z{}oga, Hanna
Rotkaehl, Tomasz Sidorowicz, Bartosz \'S{}mierciak, Marian Soida,
Caterina Tiburzi. Additional thanks go to Mark Walker and Artem
Tuntsov for discussions about their model.

\smallskip

{\footnotesize This work is based in part on results obtained with
  International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) equipment under project codes
  LC8\_008, LC9\_038, LC10\_002. LOFAR is the Low Frequency Array
  designed and constructed by ASTRON. It has observing, data
  processing, and data storage facilities in several countries, that
  are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources),
  and that are collectively operated by the ILT foundation under a
  joint scientific policy. The ILT resources have benefitted from the
  following recent major funding sources: CNRS-INSU, Observatoire de
  Paris and Universit\'e d'Orl\'e{}ans, France; BMBF, MIWF-NRW, MPG,
  Germany; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Department of Business,
  Enterprise and Innovation (DBEI), Ireland; NWO, The Netherlands; The
  Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; Ministry of Science
  and Higher Education, Poland.\\ In particular we made use of data
  from the Effelsberg (DE601) station funded by the
  Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; the Unterweilenbach (DE602) station funded
  by the Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Astrophysik, Garching; the
  Tautenburg (DE603) station funded by the State of Thuringia,
  supported by the European Union (EFRE) and the Federal Ministry of
  Education and Research (BMBF) Verbundforschung project D-LOFAR I
  (grant 05A08ST1); the Potsdam (DE604) station funded by the
  Leibniz-Institut f\"ur Astrophysik, Potsdam; the J\"ulich (DE605)
  station supported by the BMBF Verbundforschung project D-LOFAR I
  (grant 05A08LJ1); and the Norderstedt (DE609) station funded by the
  BMBF Verbundforschung project D-LOFAR II (grant 05A11LJ1). The
  observations of the German LOFAR stations were carried out in the
  stand-alone GLOW mode (German LOng-Wavelength array), which is
  technically operated and supported by the Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur
  Radioastronomie, the Forschungszentrum J\"ulich and Bielefeld
  University. We acknowledge support and operation of the GLOW
  network, computing and storage facilities by the FZ-J\"ulich, the
  MPIfR and Bielefeld University and financial support from BMBF
  D-LOFAR III (grant 05A14PBA), and by the states of
  Nordrhein-Westfalia and Hamburg.  } \baselineskip1.8ex

{\small\bibsep0.ex \bibliographystyle{aa}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Hurricane Frederic
Hurricane Frederic was an intense and damaging tropical cyclone that carved a path of destruction from the Lesser Antilles to Quebec, in particular devastating areas of the United States Gulf Coast. Though only five were killed directly, the US$1.77 billion (equivalent to $5.4 billion in 2021) in damage accrued by Frederic made it the Atlantic basin's costliest tropical cyclone on record at the time. Prior to its final landfall, the threat that Frederic imposed on areas of the U.S. Gulf Coast triggered a mass exodus from the region larger than any other evacuation in the past. While the storm primarily impacted the U.S. states of Mississippi and Alabama, lesser effects were felt throughout the Greater and Lesser Antilles, as well as inland North America.
Category 4 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
Hurricane Frederic at peak intensity near landfall on Dauphin Island on September 12
August 29, 1979 (August 29, 1979)
Dissipated
September 15, 1979 (September 15, 1979)
(Extratropical after September 14)
Highest winds
1-minute sustained: 130 mph (215 km/h)
Lowest pressure
943 mbar (hPa); 27.85 inHg
$1.77 billion (1979 USD)
Areas affected
East Coast of the United States
Part of the 1979 Atlantic hurricane season
Frederic was the thirteenth tropical cyclone, sixth named storm, third hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 1979 Atlantic hurricane season. It developed from a tropical depression south of the Cape Verde Islands on August 28.[nb 1] Tracking at a steady clip westward, the primitive cyclone reached tropical storm intensity the next day. Favorable conditions in the open Atlantic allowed for Frederic to reach hurricane intensity on September 1. However, outflow from nearby Hurricane David began to inhibit further intensification and would continue to do so for roughly a week, weakening Frederic as it tracked across the Greater Antilles. The tropical cyclone nearly dissipated over Cuba before redeveloping on September 9 near the Isle of Youth. From then on, Frederic moved northwestward, intensifying to its peak intensity in the Gulf of Mexico with winds of 130 mph (210 km/h) on September 12, shortly before making landfall at Dauphin Island, Alabama just below the state line between Alabama and Mississippi. Over the United States, Frederic weakened for a final time before becoming extratropical in Pennsylvania on September 14 and dissipating the next day.
Damage estimates vary due to inadequate reporting of private insurance claims as well as lack of hard data on uninsured damage; Frederic is believed to have inflicted $5 million (1979 USD) in both Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, with an additional $1.7 billion in damage on the mainland United States. FEMA, which had been established only three months before Frederic hit, was the focal point for nearly $250 million in federal aid for recovery, $188 million of which went to Alabama (1979 USD). In southern Alabama, the landscape was changed for years, with thousands of tall pine trees tilted and leaning northwest.[1]
1 Meteorological history
2 Preparations
3.1 Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico
3.2 Hispaniola and Cuba
3.3.1 Florida
3.3.2 Alabama
3.3.3 Mississippi
4 Aftermath
4.1 Retirement
5 In popular culture
Meteorological historyEdit
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Saffir–Simpson scale
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Storm type
Tropical cyclone
Subtropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclone / Remnant low / Tropical disturbance / Monsoon depression
The precursor to Hurricane Frederic emerged as a loosely defined tropical wave off the west coast of Africa late on August 27. The following day, satellite images indicated that the tropical wave had become more defined, and was beginning to show signs of cyclonic rotation. At 0600 UTC on August 29, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) classified the system as a tropical depression based on observational data from ships nearby in conjunction with satellite images.[2][3] Upon developing into a tropical cyclone, the depression moved at an unusually rapid pace westward, gradually curving towards the west-northwest and slowly intensifying in ideal conditions. At 1200 UTC on August 30,[3] the tropical depression was upgraded to tropical storm status and thus named Frederic.[2] Intensification continued after the storm's upgrade, and early on September 1, Frederic developed an eye, prompting the NHC to further upgrade the tropical cyclone to hurricane status at 0600 UTC that day.[2][3]
Frederic only maintained hurricane intensity for roughly eighteen hours over the open waters of the Atlantic on September 1 before outflow from nearby Hurricane David began to adversely affect the tropical cyclone.[2][3] At 0000 UTC on September 2, Frederic weakened back to tropical storm strength while it was still well east of the Lesser Antilles. This weakening phase continued as Frederic began to assume a more westerly track and slow in forward motion.[2] On September 4, Frederic tracked over the Virgin Islands before making landfall on Puerto Rico later that day with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h).[3] Frederic's interaction with Puerto Rico greatly disrupted the low-level circulation contained within the tropical cyclone, enhancing the weakening effects of Hurricane David's outflow. After passing over the island, the tropical storm briefly took a southwest course before curving into Hispaniola on September 6, inducing additional disruption within Frederic. At 1800 UTC that day, Frederic was downgraded to tropical depression status north of Haiti.[2] Frederic remained a tropical depression for two days as it tracked into and then parallel to the southern coast of Cuba beginning on September 7.[3] During this time, Hurricane David had tracked far into the Northeastern United States, and as a result its inhibiting effects of intensification ceased.[2] At 0000 UTC on September 9,[3] Frederic regained tropical storm intensity while located roughly 100 mi (160 km/h) east of the Isle of Youth. The following day, the cyclone tracked over western Cuba as it gradually curved towards the northwest.[3]
Favorable conditions, marked by very warm sea surface temperatures as high as 86 °F (30 °C) and the presence of a large anticyclone over the system, allowed Frederic to strengthen to hurricane status for a second time while just northwest of Cuba, despite proximity to land.[2] Frederic took a northwesterly course throughout its trek across the Gulf of Mexico in early September, intensifying in a highly conducive environment.[2] By 1800 UTC on September 10, the hurricane became stronger than it had ever been over the central Atlantic. At 0000 UTC on September 12, Frederic attained major hurricane status over the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and twelve hours later reached peak intensity with a minimum barometric pressure of 943 mbar (hPa; 27.85 inHg) and sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h),[nb 2] making the cyclone a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.[3] Moving gradually faster in the Gulf of Mexico,[2] Frederic eventually made two landfalls – one on Dauphin Island and the other near the border between Alabama and Mississippi – with a virtually unchanged intensity.[3][5] Tracking rapidly northward, Frederic began to weaken due to land interaction, and was downgraded to tropical storm status while it was near Meridian, Mississippi on September 13.[2] At around the same time, the cyclone began to curve northeastward,[3] eventually merging with an extratropical cyclone in southwestern Pennsylvania by 1800 UTC on September 14. These extratropical remnants proceeded to track through the Mid-Atlantic states and New England before they were last officially documented by the NHC in New Brunswick on September 15.[2][3] However, the Canadian Hurricane Centre still considered the cyclone active up until the storm entered the Labrador Sea on September 16.[6]
PreparationsEdit
Evacuation out of the Mobile area
The first tropical cyclone watches and warnings issued in association with Frederic were on September 3, when the National Hurricane Center issued a hurricane warning and gale warning for several islands of the Lesser Antilles stretching from Dominica to the northern Leeward Islands.[7] Residents of Charlotte Amalie in the United States Virgin Islands were urged by governor Juan Francisco Luis to move to 24 emergency shelters.[8] Luis also mobilized a company of the Virgin Islands National Guard to expedite evacuations and protect emptied residences and other buildings from looting.[9] Further south in Dominica, Melville Hall Airport was forced to close due to the presence of gale-force winds, delaying relief efforts following Hurricane David.[10]
Despite having weakened to a tropical storm by the time Frederic moved over the Virgin Islands, the National Hurricane Center issued a hurricane watch for Puerto Rico on September 4.[11] As precautionary measures, the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport and schools closed for the duration of the storm.[9] Hundreds of residents were ordered to evacuate from Toa Baja for the second time in just four days due to the threat of flooding rivers.[12] In Trujillo Alto, a dike was relieved in order to mitigate potential flooding.[13] After its track across Puerto Rico, gale warnings were issued for portions of the Dominican Republic and Haiti, as well as the Turks and Caicos Islands.[14] No watches or warnings were issued by the NHC for any areas while Frederic was classified as a tropical depression over the Greater Antilles.[15] However, small craft warnings were posted for some coastal regions off of Miami, Florida due to strong winds caused by the nearby tropical cyclone.[16]
After Frederic reattained hurricane status in the Gulf of Mexico on September 10, a gale warning were issued for the Dry Tortugas; this was the first NHC warning issued in association with the newly developed tropical cyclone.[3][15] Not long after, a hurricane watch was issued for coastal areas extending from Panama City, Florida to Vermilion Bay in Louisiana.[15] Although forecasts showed that Frederic posed no threat to Sarasota, Florida, the city readied barrels of water if distribution was necessitated to Sarasota County's 58 emergency shelters. Municipality managers were asked to place their respective emergency personnel on standby.[17] In Key West, Florida, city workers had shortened workdays while the storm moved close by.[18]
Up to 500,000 were evacuated from the U.S. Gulf Coast in anticipation of Frederic's arrival.[citation needed]
ImpactEdit
Lesser Antilles and Puerto RicoEdit
Effects from Frederic were first felt on the outward facing Leeward Islands. In Antigua, the threat of widespread power outages forced the insular government to shut down power.[19][11] A peak gust of 62 mph (100 km/h) was documented on the island as a result of the storm.[2] These strong winds also unroofed some buildings.[9] Strong winds and rain were felt in Guadeloupe, Barbuda, and a number of other islands, but no damaging effects from the passing tropical cyclone occurred in those locations.[19]
In St. Maarten, these strong winds toppled a radio antenna.[8] Flowing floodwaters washed away plentiful food crops in the island.[9] Some homes were damaged and others destroyed on the adjacent Sint Maarten.[12] Off of the island, seven japanese people were killed after their fishing boat sank during the storm.[2]
Power outages knocked out electricity to half of Tortola in the British Virgin Islands and downed telephone lines. Rainfall and downed trees blocked several roads.[20] Offshore, the yacht Princess blew out into sea, prompting a coast guard rescue of the ship and its crew.[9]
As a tropical storm,[3] Frederic dropped heavy rain across the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Despite having weakened from its prior hurricane intensity, the storm still brought gale-force winds coupled with gusts as strong as 70 mph (110 km/h) to the area.[2] Three apartments in the same apartment complex on St. Thomas were unroofed, displacing roughly 50 families.[21] Electricity was deliberately cut during the late night hours to prevent the spread of power outages.[13] The entirety of the U.S. Virgin Islands reported numerous felled trees and downed utility lines as a result of the strong winds. Wind damage on nearby Puerto Rico was of only minor extent and much less severe than in the Virgin Islands.[21] However, torrential precipitation accounted for most of the damage, as the passage of Hurricane David less than a week earlier saturated soils, priming the area for floods induced by the passage of Frederic. Rainfall peaked at around 10 in (250 mm) in 12 hours in Puerto Rico and 24.04 in (611 mm) in 30 hours in St. Croix.[2][22]
Rainfall totals in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
All rivers in southeastern Puerto Rico swelled and produce significant flooding in adjacent floodplains. The discharge of the Rio Santiago near Naguabo reached 100-year levels. These floods partially inundated several cities, submerged crops, and damaged numerous roads. Major arterial roads to and from Ponce were blocked by floodwater and landslide debris. Some portions of Puerto Rico Highway 3 were submerged by water from both the torrential rain and wave action. Damage from Frederic in Puerto Rico reached at least US$5 million, though western Puerto Rico sustained minimal damage from the storm. In St. Thomas, four small homes were destroyed by flooding, and an additional 50 sustained at least partial damage. One waterspout was reported off the coast, but did no damage. Normally dry coastal guts in St. Croix filled with floodwater from Frederic, damaging homes and other buildings in five communities on St. Croix. Culverts, bridges, and heavy beach erosion resulted from rough surf off the coast of the island. The floods generated various sewage problems.[21] Damage in Virgin Islands also reached at least US$5 million, similar to Puerto Rico.[21]
Hispaniola and CubaEdit
Heavy rains buffeted the islands of Hispaniola and Cuba for several days as Frederic, albeit disorganized,[23] tracked over the Greater Antilles. As with Puerto Rico and the Lesser Antilles, precipitation damage was exacerbated by the recent passage of Hurricane David. In Guantánamo on Cuba's eastern Atlantic coast, at least 6.88 in (175 mm) of rainfall was reported. Frederic continued to produce strong winds even as a weak tropical depression south of Cuba, as sustained winds of 46 mph (74 km/h) were clocked in Santa Cruz del Sur on September 7. However, damage from Frederic in Hispaniola and eastern Cuba remained minimal.[2]
Frederic's landfall on western Cuba as a redeveloped tropical cyclone was much more significant than its first Cuban landfall. Sustained winds peaked at 52 mph (84 km/h) in Bahía Honda, Cuba on September 10.[2] Despite recent renovations at José Martí International Airport, the lack of a proper drainage system allowed rainfall to inundate the airport, stranding several heads of state that were scheduled to hold a summit and disrupting air traffic to and from the airport for an entire week.[24] Heavy precipitation triggered numerous landslides, causing severe damage to infrastructure and over 250 dwellings. Areas at risk for additional landslide activity were declared inhospitable, resulting in the evacuation of 1,200 people.[25] Rainfall estimates in Cuba peaked at 5 in (125 mm).[26] A lack of damage reports was evident from western Cuba following Frederic's landfall, though damage estimates were high.[2]
United StatesEdit
The Dauphin Island Bridge was destroyed by Hurricane Frederic, making it only reachable by boat.
Storm surge damage was reported along 80 miles of coastline from Mississippi to Florida, with tides 8 to 12 feet (2.4-3.7 m) above the normal level being observed. Five deaths were directly attributed to Frederic in the United States, four of which occurred inland: a person swept from a boat near Pensacola was the only casualty along the coast.[2] In total, Frederic was responsible for $1.7 billion in damages.[27] This made Frederic the costliest hurricane in the history of the United States at the time; the figure was not surpassed until Hurricane Alicia in 1983.[28] Frederic also dumped heavy rainfall across much of the eastern United States. Over a dozen tornadoes were also reported in Frederic's wake. However, these had minimal impact.[29]
FloridaEdit
As Frederic was strengthening in the Gulf of Mexico, strong winds were reported in the Florida Keys. A station on the Dry Tortugas recorded a 58 mph (93 km/h) wind gust on September 10; this was stronger than any other Florida wind gust measurement in association with Frederic. A station in Key West, Florida clocked at 43 mph (69 km/h) wind gust, coupled with sustained winds of 29 mph (47 km/h).[2] Tides in the Dry Tortugas peaked at 15 ft (4.6 m), roughly 12 ft (3.7 m) above normal.[17][30] Rainfall from the extremities of the hurricane reached South Florida,[31] with some rainfall totals exceeding 7 in (180 mm).[22]
AlabamaEdit
Frederic made landfall at Dauphin Island, Alabama and continued across to a point on the Alabama/Mississippi state line near Bayou La Batre, Alabama.[32] Near-total property damage occurred along the Alabama coastline between Fort Morgan and Gulf Shores, the latter seeing 80% of its buildings completely destroyed. The causeway linking Dauphin Island to the mainland was swept away in many areas.[28] Alabama's second-largest city (at that time), Mobile, Alabama suffered extensive damage as well. Wind damage was also severe, especially across southern Alabama. Hurricane-force gusts were felt as far inland as Choctaw County. Structural failure was widespread in the immediate landfall area with industrial, residential and governmental buildings as well as hospitals suffering heavy damage. Nearly 90% of the Mobile area lost electricity, and the historic City Hall experienced heavy roof damage. Many small beach houses were completely destroyed by high winds before the storm surge could add any effects.[28][33] Tree damage with broken limbs was extensive, leaving thousands of tall pine trees all tilted, leaning in the direction of the wind.[1] 11 Alabama counties were declared disaster areas.
MississippiEdit
About 8 to 12 inches (200 to 300 mm) of rain fell in Jackson County, Mississippi around Biloxi and Pascagoula. 16 Mississippi counties were declared disaster areas; the most in the United States. Hurricane-force winds were felt as far northward as Meridian, Mississippi.[34]
CanadaEdit
Frederic dropped heavy rain across Canada as an extratropical storm, peaking at 137 mm (5.39 in) near Ottawa, Ontario. Record precipitation was recorded at the J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, which documented 77 mm (3.03 in) of rain on September 15. Rainfall spread as far northeast as the eastern coast of Labrador. Flooding occurred in eastern Ontario and portions of the Niagara Peninsula, as noted in Cornwall. In Toronto, the rains led to a seven-car traffic collision and a separate car accident that injured two. Flooding also took place in southern Quebec, with floodwater submerging streets, basements, and underground parking lots in Montreal. Damage from southern Quebec reached C$8.238 million (US$7.095 million).[6]
AftermathEdit
Damage after Hurricane Frederic in Gulf Shores, Alabama.
Eleven counties in Alabama, 16 in Mississippi, and five in Florida were declared eligible for disaster aid.
In retrospect, Frederic has been credited with spurring redevelopment in Mobile and the surrounding Gulf Coast region. For example, in testimony before Congress in 1992, Robert Sheets (then the director of the National Hurricane Center), described the economic aftermath of Frederic:
Prior to Hurricane Frederic, there was one condominium complex on Gulf Shores, Alabama. Most of the homes were single, individual homes built behind the sand dunes. Today, where there used to be one condominium, there are now at least 104 complexes – not units, complexes – on Gulf Shores, Alabama.
RetirementEdit
See also: List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
Because of extensive destruction, the name Frederic was retired, and will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane. It was replaced with Fabian in the 1985 season until it would itself be retired after the 2003 season.
Hurricanes David and Frederic were the first male hurricane names to be retired, as the practice of alternating male and female hurricane names was introduced in the 1979 season.
In popular cultureEdit
"The New War," the first Mack Bolan novel after Don Pendleton turned over Executioner series to Gold Eagle, is set during Hurricane Frederic with the storm's devastation having a major effect on the story.[35]
The Abyss, a novel by Orson Scott Card, made into a 1989 film, directed and written by James Cameron features Hurricane Frederick, although those events take place 10 years later.
The Elementals, the 1981 novel by Michael McDowell, references Hurricane Frederic in its conclusion.
Tropical cyclones portal
List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
List of wettest tropical cyclones in Cuba
Hurricane Baker (1950) – struck the Virgin Islands before degenerating into a tropical depression over Hispaniola; redeveloped into a Category 2 hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico and struck Alabama
Hurricane Eloise (1975) – A Category 3 hurricane that produced torrential rainfall in the Greater Antilles prior to a destructive landfall on the Florida panhandle
Hurricane Elena (1985) – A Category 3 that took an erratic path in the Gulf of Mexico before its Mississippi landfall, resulting in severe and at times catastrophic effects across the U.S. Gulf Coast, particularly in Florida
Hurricane Georges (1998) – A Category 4 hurricane that caused widespread damage across much of the Greater and Lesser Antilles before its final landfall in the U.S. Gulf Coast, where it did additional damage
^ For consistency, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is used for all references of time as the cyclone existed in multiple time zones throughout its existence.
^ A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale.[4]
^ a b "Prepare for Homegrown Hurricanes". southalabama.edu. May 31, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Hebert, Paul J. (March 26, 1980). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1979" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Miami, Florida: American Meteorological Society. 108 (7): 973–990. Bibcode:1980MWRv..108..973H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<0973:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 4, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. September 19, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Goldenburg, Stan (June 1, 2014). "A3) What is a super-typhoon? What is a major hurricane? What is an intense hurricane?". Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). 4.7. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on June 15, 2006. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ Landsea, Chris (June 1, 2014). "E23) What is the complete list of continental U.S. landfalling hurricanes?". Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). 4.7. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on June 15, 2006. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ a b Environment Canada (September 14, 2010). "1979-Frederic". Canadian Storm Impact Summaries. Government of Canada. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ Wilson, Steve (September 3, 1979). "Islands Dazed By David Now Await Hurricane Frederic". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Vol. 54, no. 335. Sarasota, Florida. Associated Press. p. 4A. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ a b "Frederic slows to a tropical storm". St. Petersburg Times. Vol. 96, no. 42. St. Petersburg, Florida. United Press International. September 4, 1979. p. 6A. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ a b c d e "Downgraded Frederic Perils Puerto Rico With High Water". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Vol. 54, no. 337. Sarasota, Florida. United Press International. September 5, 1979. p. 8A. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ "Frederic hampers rescue work". The Ledger. Vol. 73, no. 315. Lakeland, Florida. The New York Times. September 3, 1979. p. 1A. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ a b "'Poor Cousin' Moves On". The Palm Beach Post. Vol. 71, no. 147. West Palm Beach, Florida. Post Wire Services. September 4, 1979. p. 1. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ a b "Frederic Brings More Rain". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. Vol. 54, no. 213. Daytona Beach, Florida. Associated Press. September 5, 1979. p. 2A. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ a b "Tropical Storm Frederic heads to Puerto Rico". The Byran Times. Vol. 31, no. 208. Bryan, Ohio. United Press International. September 4, 1979. p. 1. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ "Frederic dumps heavy rains on islands, loses strength". The Ledger. Vol. 73, no. 318. Lakeland, Florida. Associated Press. September 6, 1979. p. 13A. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ a b c National Hurricane Center. Hurricane Frederic Watches & Warnings (GIF). Hurricane Frederic Preliminary Report (Report). Miami, Florida: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 5. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ "Frederic Could Threaten South Florida". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Vol. 54, no. 341. Sarasota, Florida. United Press International. September 9, 1979. p. A1. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ a b Dietz, John (September 11, 1979). "Florida Alerted As Frederic Hits Hurricane Force". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Vol. 54, no. 343. Sarasota, Florida. p. 1A. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
^ "Frederic Becomes A Hurricane Again". Observer-Reporter. Vol. 172, no. 79214. Washington, Pennsylvania. Associated Press. September 11, 1979. p. D4. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
^ a b "Hurricane Frederic Hits Guadeloupe, Small Islands". Observer-Reporter. Vol. 172, no. 79208. Washington, Pennsylvania. Associated Press. September 4, 1979. p. A2. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ "Storm Frederic hits Virgin Islands". The Miami News. Miami, Florida. September 4, 1979. p. 4A. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ a b c d National Climatic Data Center (September 1979). "Storm Data – September 1979" (PDF). Storm Data. Asheville, North Carolina: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 21 (9). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 27, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ a b Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Frederic – September 3–14, 1979". Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ "Frederic soaks Hispaniola". Boca Raton News. Vol. 24, no. 238. Boca Raton, Florida. Associated Press. September 6, 1979. p. 3A. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ Walker, John R. (September 24, 1979). "Cuba: First grandiose plans, now grubby reality". Vol. 202. Montreal, Quebec. Southam News. p. 9. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ National Centre For Seismological Research. "Evaluating Risks From Natural Disasters: Cuba" (PDF). Global South-South Development Academy. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
^ "Florida braces for big storm". Ottawa Citizen. Ottawa, Ontario. United Press International. September 10, 1979. p. 50. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
^ Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables update (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. January 12, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 27, 2018. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
^ a b c United States Hurricanes. "Hurricane Frederic 1979". Archived from the original on December 30, 2006. Retrieved October 12, 2006.
^ National Hurricane Center (1979). "NHC Preliminary Report — Hurricane Frederic (1979) Page 3". Retrieved October 12, 2006.
^ "Hurricane gains added strength". The Citizen. Ottawa, Ontario. United Press International. September 11, 1979. p. 82. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
^ "Frederic hurricane again; Keys told to keep watch". The Ledger. Vol. 73, no. 323. Lakeland, Florida. Associated Press. September 11, 1979. pp. 1A, 7A. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
^ NOAA. "Frederic path & landfall". Retrieved September 2, 2017.
^ NOAA (March 22, 2006). "National Weather Service Forecast Office (Birmingham, AL) - Top 10 Weather Events in the 21st Century For Alabama". Archived from the original on March 3, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2006.
^ WKRG.com. "Frederic in Mississippi".
^ The New War. Gold Eagle. 1981. ISBN 978-0373610396.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Frederic.
Radar loop of Hurricane Frederic
Satellite loop of David, Elena, Frederic, and Gloria
NHC archive of Hurricane Frederic
Hurricane Frederic from the United States Hurricanes website.
20th Anniversary of Hurricane Frederic from FEMA website
Hurricane Impacts on the Coastal Environment from the USGS website
Frederic's path from Environment Canada website
Observations over the NE Gulf of Mexico between June and October 1979 from a University of South Florida website
Magazine Tells of Hurricane Frederic from the University of Alabama website New link
The short film Hurricane Frederic Picking Up The Pieces (September 29, 1979) is available for free download at the Internet Archive.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frederic&oldid=1115785932"
This page was last edited on 13 October 2022, at 05:50 (UTC).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Find the Temple Chair Pouch here; the original pattern was created by Emily Driggs Clegg to solve a common problem that arises during the endowment ceremony that many in the LDS community can identify with when attending the temple. Also found here will be pioneer bonnets for reenacting the Pioneer Trek and Pioneer Day, July 24th, and rag dolls. If needed, please request a Custom Order if not listed.
Learn why these are the best nursing covers on the market and make a custom order. To request one, custom order one now on Etsy.


What is Dragon Blood Jasper?
Dragon blood jasper is only found in Western Australia the home of the largest dinosaur footprints in the world. Ancient aboriginal legend speaks of dragons and dinosaurs roaming the earth at the same time. Dragon blood Jasper is a member of the quartz family ( chalcedony ) and is a semi-precious gemstone.
Dragon blood jasper draws out our inner strength from deep within us. Providing us with the courage and personal power to accomplish all tasks placed in front of us. Dragon blood jasper is particularly useful for those who are recovering from illness or dealing with extreme psychological difficulties.
At its core dragon blood jasper is a healing stone, working its magic by weaving the spirit of the ages gone past into the present. For us to assure ourselves of a healing future. In this way the dragon stone also provides protection.
Dragon blood jasper crystal meaning as a vision tool is beneficial to the seer wishing to see into the past. Dragon blood jasper allows one to see past events, people from the past and past lives. Of yourself and others. Opening the third eye chakra with ease and lifting one's vibrations. Dragon blood jasper helps us prepare for the future through learning from the past.
To use the energy of dragon blood jasper, rest the stone on all 7 chakra points of the body for a few minutes at a time. Starting from the base chakra when finished, at the crown chakra, hold the stone in the palms of both hands. Close your eyes think of nothing, but feel the dragon stone reaching inside with its powerful energy. And refurbishing your soul, grounding you physically and sharpening your mind.
Carrying the stone in your pocket ensures the energy of the stone all day long. When using crystals for healing and spiritual purposes. It is important you do not use jewellery as the other materials such as silver and gold change the energy structure you receive.
What are the healing properties of dragon blood jasper? This beautifully striking stone has a rich healing ability in strengthening the immune system by correcting our life force flow. Through connecting the spirit of a person with their mind and body. Ultimately bringing healing to all aspects of a person's life, including emotional pain and past trauma.


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Auto: Puegeot Axes 308 GT; GTi Lives On
Peugeot will make a few adjustments to its product lineup, with the petrol-powered 308 GT set to bite the dust at the end of June.
The information was confirmed to CarScoops by Rodica Ionescu, PR Manager for Trust Motors, which is the official Peugeot, Citroen and DS cars importer in Romania. The representative said that this decision has been taken to help improve Peugeot's corporate carbon dioxide emissions.
Contrary to a previous report, the 308 GTi will live on, but with some modifications – and, according to Ionescu, its will be suspended for two months, July and August.
It's hard to say when the next-gen 308 will be introduced, but the one currently on sale is already 6 years old, which means that its successor can't be far off. It could debut sometime next year, though, and the GTi model will continue to lead the pack, albeit probably with an electrified powertrain that will both improve performance and further reduce CO2 emissions.


This viaduct was built in 1874 and spans 165 metres over the remains of mineral mines. The views from the viaduct span across to Meldon Dam and reservoir to the south west. The views of this dam almost 50 metres high are as impressive as the original engineering feat. Down the valley is Meldon Pool- the old limestone mine that still has 2 lime kilns. The trip up to this spot is worthwhile purely for the view of Dartmoor from such a well placed vantage point. Whether industrial history or natural beauty inspire you, you won't be disappointed.
Facilities: Disabled Access, Dogs Allowed, Information Boards, Cycle Paths, Visitor Centre, Walks.
Hints and Tips: The Granite Way cycle route, part of NCN 27 'Devon Coast to Coast' crosses the Meldon Viaduct.
Two miles south-west of Okehampton, adjacent to the quarry.
Cycleway and walkway available. Bus route available.


PE teachers often get credit for kick-starting the careers of sporting stars but James Milner might not be singing the praises of his ex-tutor.
The Liverpool player was sent off against Crystal Palace by referee Jon Moss, who was Milner's PE teacher at Westbrook Lane Primary School in Leeds.
The midfielder, 33, was dismissed late on after picking up a second yellow card for a foul on Wilfried Zaha.
Nevertheless, the Reds held on to win 4-3 and stay top of the league.
Milner played the game against Palace as an emergency right-back rather than his usual midfield role because of injuries.
He walked straight down the tunnel after his challenge on Zaha as he appeared to know Moss was about to give him his marching orders.
Afterwards, a picture on social media emerged which showed Moss with the youth team in which Milner played. The Premier League has confirmed the photo is genuine.
Moss taught Milner about 20 years ago and recalls him as being a talented sportsman and good at cricket too.
Milner will miss Liverpool's game against Leicester City following his dismissal.


Over the past 2 decades, there has been a dramatic shift of cosmetic shopping from mainly being done offline (in-store) to a digital format. These days, shoppers are more connected digitally and brands are definitely taking notice of this trend. As there is a change in consumer expectations, shoppers have started focusing on getting their makeup products delivered in the fastest way. With the popularity of online e-commerce makeup one-stop destinations like www.mixtrade.co.il, shopping online has become much less fussier. Let's take a quick look at the pros of each form of shopping – online and offline.
Buying cosmetic products in-store will remain a good experience as this connects the shoppers with the brands in such a manner that is perhaps not possible for an online store.
There are many who leverage in-store retail shopping as an opportunity to bond with friends and family.
Shoppers get their products instantly and can take them home right away.
It is possible to test each and every cosmetic product before buying. For lipstick shades, nailpolish colors, you can check them out before buying and make sure you are happy with how the shade or color looks on you.
There are experts who specialise in various brands and who give their expert opinion on the products.
You don't get reviews of other customers which is possible while shopping online.
There are many customers who just test the products in-store only to end up buying from online stores later.
It is pretty common for shoppers to overspend and buy several other extra items than what you actually intended to buy.
The biggest possible appeal of online cosmetic shopping is the fact that it can be done from any place, whether from your home or on-the-go.
Customers can remain way more informed as they get to read reviews of other customers and it is also possible to compare products by checking out reviews.
Young generation shoppers are influenced by social influencers and online reviews. Brands can later on collaborate with these youngster influencers.
Due to the online offers, you get to choose from a wide range of brands and this also proves to be helpful for the novice brands.
You get to grab rebates and deals which can help you buy products at a rather cheaper rate.
You don't get the opportunity to test products on your skin before you buy. Among the plethora of colors, you might get overwhelmed to find out the best match.
Customers sometimes miss the physical aspect of shopping in-store.
To conclude, you can see that both in-store and online cosmetic shopping has its own set of pros and cons. However it depends on you as to which one to choose while buying your favorite cosmetic product.
What's There in Branded Clothing for Kids ?


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Q: Eclipse doesnt seem to like my sdkversion requirements I have in my manifest:
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8"
                android:targetSdkVersion="13"/>

I want to allow 2.2 to run my app but i have to have targetsdkversion 13 for admob to work. But eclipse is saying: " Attribute minSdkVersion (8) is lower than the project target API level (13)" and wont even show the avd's for anything below 3.2... but that didn't happen until just a little while ago. I didnt change anything there. whats happening? i've tried to clean it but that didnt help.

A: It's just be a warning. If you run your app, it should run on any devices from SDK version 8 to 13. Are you not able to generate the apks, and run it?

A: I used to see the warning in the older version of eclipse and the ADT, but since moving to Indigo and the newer android plug in I no longer get that, it was just annoying but did not cause any other issues.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Life income gifts convert assets to income for you and the Lucy Robbins Welles Library.
A life income gift is a very special way of giving. A highly effective way to contribute assets to the Lucy Robbins Welles Library, it also allows you to keep an income for yourself and others.
The Lucy Robbins Welles Library offers a full range of federal-tax-law-compliant, life income gifts. Your age, assets, and income objectives will help you to determine the best option. The types of life income gifts offered through the Library are the charitable remainder trust and charitable gift annuity.
If you need any assistance, please contact the Library Director in the Administrative Office by calling 860-665-8724, or email the Library Director, or write to us at 95 Cedar Street, Newington, CT 06111.


It's always easy to be a fair-weather friend – the kind of friend who is there for the good times and the laughs and fun, but bolts when the going gets tough. It's during these hard times that friends need each other the most, but this can sometimes weigh too heavily and scare people off. If you don't want to be the kind of friend who lets others down, you'll need to become an expert at supporting your friends when they need you. Don't worry, supporting others doesn't take any special talents. On the contrary, you just need to let your natural patience and empathy shine through.
They have fought with their parents.
Their parents are fighting with each other.
Their parents have decided to divorce.
They are fighting with their girlfriend/boyfriend.
They have just ended a relationship.
They are having trouble in school.
They have lost out on a spot on a sports team/dance group/theatre troupe, etc.
They have not been accepted by the college or university of their choice.
They discover that their family is moving away.
They find out that a friend or family member is ill.
They find out that they are ill.
They have suffered a traumatic event.
A friend or family member dies.
Ask gentle questions. Find out as much as you can about the situation.
Repeat the story back to them to make sure you understand the facts.
Let them scream, cry or even throw dishes if necessary. Just not at you!
Do not throw in your own stories. You may see similarities, but your friends most likely won't pay any attention.
Offer advice only in an emergency; otherwise wait until your friends ask for your opinion.
Don't judge, particularly not about things that have already occurred. What's done is done and now it is time to move forward.
Remember that your body language says a lot about how you feel. Nod to show agreement and give encouraging smiles, but remember that silence can also be effective when needed.
A trip to the cinema.
Organizing an informal sports match in the park.
Spending an afternoon at the shops.
Whipping up a feast in the kitchen. Or trying to, anyway!
Taking a daytrip to the nearest big city or town (with permission, of course).
Find some animal attraction at the zoo.
Helping someone else at a shelter, hospital or nursing home.
Supporting your friends when they need you is a skill that will serve you well throughout your life. Be yourself, be patient and you'll soon realize that supporting a friend in need makes you a good friend, indeed.


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Observation devices Sights for armored vehicles Program on replacement of obsolete sighting and observation devices on armored vehicles
Belarus presented more than 100 new developments at MILEX-2019
The Exhibition of Arms and Military Machinery MILEX-2019 opened in Minsk. Among the participants are more than 160 manufacturers and exporters from Belarus, Azerbaijan, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, China, Poland, Russia, Serbia and South Africa. About 60 official foreign delegations arrived in Minsk.
Opening of the 9th International Exhibition of Arms and Military Machinery MILEX-2019
On May 15, 2019, the official opening ceremony of the 9th International Exhibition of Arms and Military Machinery MILEX-2019 was held at the Historical and Cultural Complex "Stalin Line".
The newest armored vehicle and anti-aircraft system: what Belarusian Military Industry is preparing for MILEX-2019
At MILEX-2019 Belarusian military industry will showcase a range of new products. Their external view is still kept in secret. For instance, armored vehicle "Zaschitnik" manufactured by 140 repair plant. Until now, there is no single photo of this armored vehicle, and the first metal sample will be shown exclusively at the exhibition. However, there is already some information about the newest products, and we have chosen five the most interesting of them.
These are three main products of Belarusian military industry
Roman Golovchenko, Chairman of the State Authority for Military Industry, named three most important products of Belarusian military industry for 2018 during a press conference. In his opinion, the first place goes to Polonez-M missile system.
Goscomvoyenprom sums up the results of the open contest among its organizations for the best website of 2018
State Authority for Military Industry of the Republic of Belarus has summed up the results of the open contest for the best website among its organizations that was held from 17 September to 14 December 2018.


How Our Brains Work When We're Stressed - DaysPlan, Inc.
We all get anxious from time to time. It's perfectly human to do so. Too much anxiety, however, can be deadly. The human body was simply not designed to sustain high levels of exposure to cortisol and adrenaline stress hormones. Numerous studies have demonstrated the negative and sometimes fatal consequences of extended exposure to high levels of these stress hormones. It's one of those silent killers like lead and asbestos exposure. The difference is that we know lead and asbestos can kill us, so we tend to either stay away or take necessary precautions to avoid the ill side effects of exposure. Stress and anxiety, however, seem to be more socially acceptable.
In today's world, stress and anxiety are a given in everyday life. Some people actually wear it like a badge of honor. "Hey, look at me. Look how busy and stressed out I am. I must be really important to be trusted with so much stress and anxiety." I find this behavior curious. I personally don't live that way. I religiously take my vacations and time out sessions to restore my sanity in an otherwise insane world. Perhaps it is because I understand what is going on in my brain when I feel anxious. As a former resident of the high- paced stressed to the max world, I had to become very good at controlling my anxiety as a means of survival. That understanding and concentrated control efforts have afforded me the opportunity to take a step back from some of my circumstances in life and reflect on its conditions.
In that reflection, I have come to a very simple conclusion. Anxious minds are foolish minds. There is some science to back this theory. Anxiety, stress and fear are all functions of the amygdala playing in tandem with other regions of the sympathetic autonomic system, which is responsible for the fight or flight instinct. This area of the brain is critical for survival during times when we are truly being threatened. It is not, however, responsible for critical thought. When the amygdala is highly activated, the neural pathway to the prefrontal cortex is essentially shut down. The prefrontal cortex is our complex decision-making center. When we don't use it, we don't have the benefit of our memories, multiple perspectives, judgment, and intellect to determine if a threat is valid. With the amygdala in charge, we isolate and revert to what is a safe perspective (i.e., only our perspective) and our body reacts by releasing high doses of cortisol and adrenaline (norepinephrine). In truly threatening situations, these chemicals cause our heart rate to increase and direct our blood flow away from our skin and into our muscles and triggers the release of glucose. This cycle is intended to be a short-lived burst of energy allowing us to make a fast get away if needed.
Unfortunately, we have become a society bombarded by threats. It seems one threat is immediately followed by another threat and we become perpetually stuck in threat assessment mode with less and less prefrontal lobe engagement. When we attempt to make decisions in this constantly high threat level amygdala only engagement, we make foolish decisions that may not be in our best interests. Additionally, the long-term elevation of these chemicals in our body actually causes it to break down. Problems such as headaches, heart disease, sleep problems, stomach ulcers, immune system suppression and impaired memory are just a few of the conditions we encounter. The CDC estimates that stress accounts for about 75% of all doctors visits. So, the unending stress cycle of our lives is clearly starting to break us down. Being that we are in uncharted territory when it comes to constant and instantaneous exposure to new and sometimes threatening information, we simply don't know how our brains will be able to adapt. It is essentially like the world around us is moving at the pace of an Intel Xeon E5 processor with Turbo Boost and our brains move at the speed of a pencil and paper. Our pre-historic brain is doing the best that it can in these changing times. To adjust, we engage in less and less critical thought. We skim over details and only process tiny bits of information whereas, in our not so distant past, we would have taken the time to process much more detail. The result being that we jump to a conclusion based on a tiny segment of information. I don't mean to imply that all thought prior to the introduction of technology was well thought out and everything now is just rush judgment. But there is something considerable happening in our society right now that really doesn't make good sense. With the news, the threats are constant and constantly changing. In a thirty-minute time span, there may be 30 different threats covered. There is no way my brain, or anyone else's, would have the time or ability to rationally process each one of those threats with any level of detail. How can we know which threat is the real one? What if all of the threats are real? Since our brain did not have the time to process each of those threats, we may be at an increased risk and not even know it.
The good news is that we have the ability to make changes. We can intentionally engage our brain to fight the fight or flight instinct and regain control of our mind. In order for critical thought to take place, we must make a concentrated effort to move past the fight or flight reactionary stage. This process begins by taking deep, smooth, slow breathes. Lots of them. If we focus on how our body is reacting to the stress (i.e., increased heart rate, sweaty palms, etc.) we can control, calm and neutralize those reactions. Once we have relaxed, we can ask questions and actively consider options. We can also choose to let go of the stresses deemed unnecessary. In other words, we can choose to limit our foolishness and in turn improve our quality of life simply by reducing our stress and anxiety.
How do you respond to stress? What efforts do you take to reduce anxiety in your own life? Comment below and start the conversation!


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New plan to save public sector fleets announced
A new framework agreement has been put in place that could save public sector fleets millions of pounds through the purchase of vehicles at an average discount of 24 per cent. The new arrangement has been compiled by the Crown Commercial Service (CCS), an executive agency of the Cabinet Office, and will set terms and conditions for suppliers. More than 35,000 vehicles are expected to be purchased through the new scheme each year, bringing in an overall value of around £553 million. Last year, CCS provided more than £110m of savings to the struggling public sector through various fleet agreements, with more than 32,000 vehicles being purchased through one of their operations. A spokesman for the agency said that more public sector operations would now move to work within a CCS arrangement in order to 'take advantage of the discounted rates'. The programme is now the official framework through which the government departments procure vehicles but devolved agencies such as health departments, schools and councils have the option of opting in or out. The new agreement also covers the bluelight sector with bodies such as police, fire and rescue, ambulance trusts, the Highways Agency as well as the Marine and Coastguard Agency and other agencies with specific vehicle requirements all likely to use it in future. The CCS has also worked closely with the UK police forces as part of developing the agreement to ensure that it provides the specific vehicle types required by the police. In addition to their work covering vehicle purchases and the supply and fit of tyres, a number of other arrangements are in place covering vehicle conversion and re-conditioning as well as the provision of other fleet necessities such as electric charging installations, fuel cards, liquid fuels and insurance services. The new vehicle purchase framework agreement provides access to a wide range of different vehicles across different 'lots' including cars, 4x4s, commercial vehicles, buses, coaches and motorcycles, working with a total of 41 different suppliers.


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Mad Max: Fury Road ist ein US-amerikanischer Endzeitfilm von George Miller. Es ist der vierte Teil der Mad-Max-Filmreihe, die 1979 mit Mad Max begann und 1981 mit Mad Max II – Der Vollstrecker und zuletzt 1985 mit Mad Max – Jenseits der Donnerkuppel fortgesetzt worden war. Tom Hardy spielte erstmals den Protagonisten Max Rockatansky, den zuvor stets Mel Gibson verkörpert hatte. Der Film lief bei den Internationalen Filmfestspielen von Cannes 2015 im Wettbewerb außer Konkurrenz und wurde 2016 mit sechs Oscars ausgezeichnet.

Offizieller Kinostart in den Vereinigten Staaten war am 7. Mai 2015. Der Kinostart im deutschsprachigen Raum war am 14. Mai 2015.

Handlung
In einem postapokalyptischen Ödland wird der Einzelgänger Max nach Jahren des Umherirrens in seinem hochgerüsteten Ford Falcon XB von einer Kampfeinheit der Warboys verfolgt und nach einem Überschlag gefangen genommen. Die Warboys sind eine Armee des von seinen Anhängern kultisch verehrten Tyrannen Immortan Joe, der in der Zitadelle herrscht, einer künstlichen Oase in einer aus Felsformationen bestehenden Festung.

Nach einer medizinischen Behandlung dient Max nun als unfreiwilliger Blutspender für den fanatischen Warboy Nux. Zu Immortan Joes Gefolge gehört auch Imperator Furiosa, die einen War Rig steuert, einen hochgerüsteten Lastwagen. Bei einer Versorgungsfahrt verhilft sie den Brütern, fünf Frauen aus Joes Harem, zur Flucht. Gemeinsam versuchen sie, Furiosas ursprüngliche Heimat zu erreichen, das sogenannte Grüne Land.

Als Immortan Joe den Verrat bemerkt, schickt er seine Truppen los. Dabei nimmt Nux Max als seinen mobilen Blutbeutel mit. Auf der Verfolgungsjagd entkommt Max und schließt sich den Frauen an. Mit den Armeen seiner beiden verbündeten Clans verfolgt Joe den War Rig. Als sich die hochschwangere Splendid schützend vor Max stellt, stürzt sie vom Lastwagen und wird von Joes Fahrzeug überrollt. Trotz großer Trauer fährt die Gruppe weiter. Joe und sein Gefolge bergen den halbtoten Körper und führen einen Kaiserschnitt durch, wobei allerdings jede Hilfe für das männliche Ungeborene zu spät kommt. Getrieben von Wut wollen Joe und dessen erwachsener Sohn noch verbissener Rache üben.

Als die Gruppe das Grüne Land erreicht, müssen sie feststellen, dass es inzwischen versumpft und das Wasser dort sauer geworden ist. Zusammen mit den verbliebenen Einwohnerinnen des ehemaligen Grünen Landes wollen die Frauen zunächst jenseits einer Salzwüste nach einer neuen Bleibe suchen. Max kann die Gruppe jedoch davon überzeugen, zur Zitadelle umzukehren und diese von Joe zu befreien. Gemeinsam gelingt es ihnen, ihre Verfolger zu töten und Joes Schreckensherrschaft ein Ende zu setzen. Nachdem auch die Wasserversorgung für die Bevölkerung freigegeben worden ist, verabschiedet sich Max mit einem stillen Gruß von Furiosa (deren Verletzung er mit einer Blutspende geheilt hat) und verschwindet in der jubelnden Menschenmenge.

Produktion

Entwicklung
Die Idee zu einem vierten Film der Mad-Max-Reihe kam George Miller bereits 1999, doch die Umsetzung gestaltete sich schwierig, sodass das Projekt viele Jahre in der Entwicklungshölle verbrachte. Miller gab 2003 bekannt, dass ein Drehbuch vorliege und sich die Vorproduktion im frühen Stadium befinde. Obwohl der Film damals grünes Licht mit einem Budget von 100 Millionen US-Dollar erhielt, mussten die Arbeiten bis auf Weiteres ausgesetzt werden. Der Grund hierfür waren die geplanten Dreharbeiten in Namibia, die, nachdem die USA und einige andere Länder die Einreise- und Schifffahrtsbestimmungen nach Namibia verschärft hatten, aus Sicherheitsgründen nicht stattfinden konnten. Mit Ausbruch des Irakkrieges wurde die Produktion gänzlich auf Eis gelegt, da die Thematik des Films als problematisch eingeschätzt wurde. Darüber hinaus gab Mel Gibson nach Abbruch der Produktion seinen Ausstieg bekannt.

Im November 2006 wurde Miller zitiert, dass er weiterhin beabsichtige, Mad Max: Fury Road umzusetzen, auch ohne Gibson. Das Drehbuch zum Film wurde unterstützend vom britischen Comicautor Brendan McCarthy entwickelt, der auch viele der neuen Charaktere und Fahrzeuge entwarf. Im Oktober 2009 gab Miller bekannt, dass die Dreharbeiten zum Film im Frühjahr 2011 in Broken Hill, Australien beginnen würden. Im selben Monat befand sich Tom Hardy in Gesprächen für die Hauptrolle. Außerdem wurde Charlize Theron als Besetzung bekanntgegeben. Im Juni 2010 bestätigte Hardy in der Fernsehshow Friday Night with Jonathan Ross, dass er die Rolle übernehmen werde.

Dreharbeiten
Miller beabsichtigte, alle Stunts real zu filmen, da Computereffekte "selbst wenn sie richtig gut sind, […] immer ein bisschen gefälscht" wirken würden. Er habe "versucht, dass alles echt ist: die Stunts, die Autos, die Wüste".

Im November 2011 wurden die Dreharbeiten vom australischen Broken Hill doch noch nach Namibia verlegt, nachdem heftige Regengüsse in Broken Hill eine üppige Blumenlandschaft hatten entstehen lassen, was sich als ungünstig für den Look des Films darstellte. Die Dreharbeiten in Namibia dauerten von Juli bis Dezember 2012. Im Februar 2013 wurde den Produzenten vorgeworfen, Teile der Namib durch die Dreharbeiten geschädigt und einige Tiere und Pflanzen gefährdet zu haben, jedoch hatte die Namibia Film Commission bei der Besichtigung der Drehorte nichts Bedenkliches festgestellt. Im September 2013 wurde bekanntgegeben, dass Nachdrehs im November durchgeführt werden würden.

Fahrzeuge
Der Tanklastzug basiert auf einem Tatra 815, dessen Kabine nach hinten versetzt wurde und mit dem Heck eines Chevrolet Fleetmaster vergrößert wurde. Insgesamt wurden drei optisch identische Exemplare der War Rig hergestellt. Zwei wurden von jeweils zwei V8-Motoren angetrieben, die dritte von einer Tatra Racing Engine, da sich die erste Variante als untermotorisiert erwies. Eine wurde für den Film zerstört, die anderen beiden befinden sich noch immer im Besitz der Filmgesellschaft.

Das Fahrzeug von Immortan Joe basiert auf zwei Cadillac DeVilles, das von zwei V8-Motoren angetrieben wird.
Beim Bau des Fahrzeuges wurde sehr auf Prunk geachtet. So besitzt es vereinzelte Holzelemente in einer Welt, in der Holz Mangelware ist.

Besetzung und Synchronisation

Rezeption
Von der Kritik wird Mad Max: Fury Road fast durchweg gelobt. Die Rezensionssammlung Rotten Tomatoes listet 378 Kritiken, von denen 366 positiv sind. Damit steht der Film auf Platz 1 ihrer Liste der "Top 100 Action & Adventure Movies" (Stand 2018). Bei Metacritic erhält der Film eine Bewertung von 90/100, basierend auf 51 Kritiken. In der IMDb stieg er am 16. Mai 2015 in die Top 250 ein und befindet sich dort auf Platz 207.

Markus Keuschnigg lobt in Die Presse, der Film sei "ein herrlich anachronistischer Fiebertraum in Rostrot und Stahlblau geworden, eine verschwitzte, verdreckte Ode an das Kino als Erlebnisraum, ein Rücksturz in eine Ära der vielleicht visionären, vielleicht verrückten Fantasten".

Pascal Blum schreibt im Tages-Anzeiger: Mad Max: Fury Road "ist ein Actionfilm, und als solcher ist er sagenhaft. Man nannte ihn einen 'Western auf Rädern', und man könnte es wagen und sagen: Hier ist John Fords 'Stagecoach' für unsere Ära".

Alles im Film sei auf Beschleunigung ausgerichtet, schreibt Andreas Busche im deutschen Rolling Stone, und der Parcours, den die Geschichte einschlage, sei "so konsequent minimalistisch wie genial verdichtet".

Tobias Kniebe kommt in der Süddeutschen Zeitung zu dem Fazit: Mad Max: Fury Road sei "hemmungslose Materialschlacht, gnadenloses Überbietungs- und Überwältigungskino – aber doch nicht so kühl, nicht so lustlos durchkalkuliert wie seine aktuellen Konkurrenten".

Negativ bewertet wird der Film von Frank Schnelle von epd Film. Zwar lobt er die "spektakulären Stunts und die Zelebrierung der grellen Endzeitoberflächen" sowie das Schauspiel von Charlize Theron, stellt aber die fehlende Beschäftigung mit "der Psychologie des Protagonisten oder der Dramaturgie seiner Heldenreise" in den Vordergrund. Miller habe "keine Zeit für seine Figuren, […] sei viel zu beschäftigt mit Stunts und Maschinen".

Auch bei Simon Rothöhler von der taz stellt sich keine rechte Begeisterung ein: Zwar gewinne die "Entfesselung so ziemlich jeder Form kinetischer Energie […] in den besten Momenten programmatische Qualität", doch würden "die Dauergefechte der Schrottautoarmeen schnell repetitiv".

Oliver Kaever schreibt auf Zeit Online, der Film erzähle im Grunde einen klassischen Western, "ohne sich jedoch die Zeit zu nehmen, die Figuren zu entwickeln". Mad Max wirke "wie eine Mischung aus überlangem Rammstein-Video (inklusive feuerspeiender E-Gitarre) und einem Gemälde von Hieronymus Bosch".

2016 belegte Mad Max: Fury Road bei einer Umfrage der BBC zu den 100 bedeutendsten Filmen des 21. Jahrhunderts den 19. Platz.

Auszeichnungen (Auswahl)

Oscarverleihung 2016
 Auszeichnung in der Kategorie Bestes Kostümdesign für Jenny Beavan
 Auszeichnung in der Kategorie Bester Schnitt für Margaret Sixel
 Auszeichnung in der Kategorie Bestes Make-up und Beste Frisuren für Lesley Vanderwalt, Elka Wardega und Damian Martin
 Auszeichnung in der Kategorie Bestes Szenenbild für Colin Gibson und Lisa Thompson
 Auszeichnung in der Kategorie Bester Tonschnitt für Mark Mangini und David White
 Auszeichnung in der Kategorie Bester Ton für Chris Jenkins, Gregg Rudloff und Ben Osmo
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Bester Film für Doug Mitchell und George Miller
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Beste Regie für George Miller
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Beste Kamera für John Seale
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Beste visuelle Effekte für Andrew Jackson, Tom Wood, Dan Oliver und Andy Williams

Golden Globe Awards 2016
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Bester Film – Drama
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Beste Regie für George Miller

British Academy Film Awards 2016
 Auszeichnung in der Kategorie Bestes Szenenbild für Colin Gibson und Lisa Thompson
 Auszeichnung in der Kategorie Bester Schnitt für Margaret Sixel
 Auszeichnung in der Kategorie Beste Maske für Lesley Vanderwalt und Damian Martin
 Auszeichnung in der Kategorie Beste Kostüme für Jenny Beavan
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Beste Kamera für John Seale
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Bester Ton für Scott Hecker, Chris Jenkins, Mark A. Mangini, Ben Osmo, Gregg Rudloff und David White
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Beste visuelle Effekte für Andrew Jackson, Dan Oliver, Tom Wood, Andy Williams

Saturn-Award-Verleihung 2016
 Auszeichnung in der Kategorie Beste Hauptdarstellerin für Charlize Theron
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Bester Science-Fiction-Film
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Beste Regie für George Miller
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Bestes Drehbuch für Nick Lathouris
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Bester Schnitt für Margaret Sixel
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Beste Ausstattung für Colin Gibson
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Beste Musik für Tom Holkenborg
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Bestes Make-up für Elka Wardega
 Nominierung in der Kategorie Beste Spezialeffekte für Andrew Jackson, Tom Wood, Dan Oliver und Andy Williams

Weitere Ehrungen:

 Der Film wurde im Rahmen des Festival Internacional de Cine de San Sebastián 2015 mit dem Grand Prix de la FIPRESCI ausgezeichnet.

 Bei den AACTA Awards der Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts erhielt Mad Max: Fury Road im Dezember 2015 die Auszeichnungen als bester Film, für die beste Regie, die beste Filmmusik, die beste Kamera, den besten Schnitt, den besten Ton, das beste Produktionsdesign und die besten Visuellen Effekte.

 Das US-amerikanische National Board of Review zeichnete Mad Max: Fury Road 2015 als Besten Film aus.

 Bei dem 36. London Critics' Circle Film Award 2016 wurde Mad Max: Fury Road als Bester Film 2015 ausgezeichnet.

 Der Film gewann den Golden Tomato Award 2015 in der Kategorie Best Wide Release.

Fortsetzungen
Bereits 2012 gab Regisseur Miller an, dass er  Mad Max: Fury Road ursprünglich back-to-back mit der angesetzten Fortsetzung Mad Max: Furiosa drehen wollte, jedoch hatte Warner Brothers zunächst nicht bestätigt, dass weitere Filme des Franchises erscheinen werden. Erst 2020 wurde bekannt, dass Furiosa tatsächlich erscheinen wird. Im Mittelpunkt des Prequels steht die Rolle der jungen Furiosa, die von Anya Taylor-Joy verkörpert wird. Der Film soll am 24. Mai 2024 veröffentlicht werden.

Neben Furiosa plant Miller zudem zwei weitere Mad-Max-Filme, für die auch Tom Hardy zurückkehren soll.
Die beiden Filme, von denen der erste Mad Max: The Wasteland heißen soll, sollen in die Hintergrundgeschichte des Mad-Max-Universums eintauchen. Mad Max: Fury Road sei sehr wild erzählt worden und brauche einen logischen Unterbau, so Miller, weshalb sich die Sequels intensiv mit einzelnen Charakteren beschäftigen werden. Derzeit gibt es jedoch noch keine Starttermine für die Fortsetzungen.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2015
US-amerikanischer Film
Australischer Film
Actionfilm
Endzeitfilm
3D-Film
Dystopie im Film

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I picked up a bag of crochet lace at one yard sale while in Wyoming. It was marked $2 and tied shut. I thought why not...for $2 take a chance.
When I got back I pulled out what was on top, the long rectangular pieces in the above picture.
I flipped it over and then remembering what my friend Stephanie does with scalloped lace, I peeled back the 'petals' and low and behold....a giant crochet rose!
Here's a little bit unwound...Mr. Wild estimates it's over 7 yards long. The widest part of the lace measures 5 1/2".
I just love this thing...it's sits as is and looks like a giant rose pillow.
A few more finds form that day...Old Pal tackle box, a neat old tool box with a leather handle and a full box of cork lined bottle caps....full...all the way to the top!!!
Aqua Windsor Melmac bowls for my vintage camper (that I don't have...yet...but I'm watching everyday)...I'm determined to find just the right vintage camper!
And who could pass up all this color!!! Pencils for $2.
I was going to display them (and use them) in jars.
But I found this neat idea on Pinterest so now I have to do this!
Great great finds! That rose is beautiful.
The rose is fabulous, and the tool boxes are always one of my favorite finds. Good job treasure hunting.
Love it! My heart skipped a beat with the aqua melmac and then it skipped another beat when ya said vintage camper! LOL!
What great treasures you found, I'm especially loving the crochet rose... it's beautiful. Good luck camper hunting!!!
Oh my gosh!!!! This rose is absolutely gorgeous! I would keep it as a rose as it looks so pretty.
The crochet rose is stunning, Faye! Love all your finds!
Wow Faye! You sure are always finding the good stuff, huh? That lace rose is absolutely fabulous! I love how unusual it is, and how huge it is! What a treasure! I would definitely have to leave it as a rose!! It's perfect for you!!
Love the colored pencils and the idea, too!
Hi Faye ~ love that rose...what a great idea!! Your other finds are just great. LOVE those bowls and can't wait til you find a vintage camper because I know it's makeover will be amazing! Have you ever seen Amy's Vintage Trailer blog?
That rose looks terrific (if I made it it would look like an old dishcloth, I'm afraid - not crafty). But those aqua bowls are drool worthy(oooh, but then I could use my lumpy dishcloth rose to clean up!) Love visiting your blog today!
Amazing what you did with the lace!!!! Love the rose pillow.
The photo of the colored pencils all in bunches is pretty cool too!
The loveliest crochet rose I have ever seen!! Love it! Visiting from Faded Charm.
Love that rose! So cool!
My friend has used crayons in all one color to fill jars, so the pencils should work out great, too!
That lace rose is just to die for! Now I want to make one! Glad you got inspiration from my gigantic roll a while back!
I WANT A CROCHET ROSE!!!!!! LOVELY, LOVELY, LOVELY!
Sooo many goodies...love that old tackle box. I have a NIFTY THRIFTY TUESDAY party...would love to have you join in.
What a beautiful rose! I may have to try that with some of my vintage crochet lace!
What a treasure you found in your $2 bag! The rose you made is gorgeous and it's easy to see why you love it!
You found some other neat items too and I hope you find your camper soon! Won't that be fun!
your other treasures are wonderful too!
Looks like you really know how to shop for the best "stuff".
Are you glad you took that chance! That was such a great idea and it looks fantastic. Love those old tool boxes too!
That rose is amazing! Love it and all your treasures this week! Thanx for coming to the party!
I have a specail place in my heart for lace, and this rose sure is goreous.
What a beautiful job you did with the rose. And, the colored pencils are a steal. Art supplies are never cheap. Thanks for linking it to Home Sweet Home!
You have a very good eye! I love the rose and I love the pencils! Don't you just want to die when you see all that wonderful crochet that someone worked so hard on, for pennies?! But your rose is amazing!
Found your feature over at Treasure Hunt Thursday. Love the crochet flower...I'm your newest follower!
That rose simply took my breath away.
Now it's my turn to find a length of crocheted lace to make one for me.
I just saw this post, and wondered what you did with the long strait edged piece of lace? I have had a a 5' piece that my great grandma made that looks almost identical, and am stymied as to how to use it. thank you for your great photos!


Imagine your dream wedding with your friends and family in the peaceful, romantic setting of a French chateau. Picture your starlit reception with music, fine food and wine. Stylish or simple, the Château de Béduer can make your dream wedding a reality. A number of delightful weddings have taken place at the chateau in recent years. We can advise on local suppliers and service providers such as caterers and florists. The extensive parkland, gardens, grounds and private swimming pool will be available for you and your guests. La Grande Salle can seat up to 80 for the wedding banquet of a lifetime, or a marquee can be set up in the courtyard or on the garden terrace with seating for up to 150 for your banquet. Fully catered accommodation is available for up to 19 guests in the castle itself, and three estate cottages provide self-catering accommodation for a further 25. Additional accommodation for guests is available in Béduer village or in nearby Figeac.


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Updated August 13, 2010 at 04:00 AM EDT
Credit: Chuck Hodes
STARRING Dwayne Johnson, Billy Bob Thornton, Oliver Jackson-Cohen
WRITTEN BY Tony Gayton & Joe Gayton
DIRECTED BY George Tillman Jr.
Dwayne Johnson may have ditched his wrestling moniker, but make no mistake: The Rock has returned. "A lot of my fans didn't understand my move into comedy and family films," he says. "I stepped away from the action genre to become a better actor, but I've been waiting for the right opportunity to get back into it and kick ass all over the screen." In Faster, Johnson gets to do just that. He plays an ex-con named Driver, who's just served 10 years for a failed bank heist that left his brother dead. He's seeking vengeance, of course, but he also has to evade a seasoned cop (Billy Bob Thornton) and a bloodthirsty hitman (newcomer Oliver Jackson-Cohen).
While Faster promises a bounty of fights involving guns, knives, and fists, Driver's slickest weapon may be his ride: a 1970 Chevrolet Chevelle SS. Director George Tillman Jr. (Men of Honor) eschewed CG effects in favor of using — and demolishing — actual cars, and Johnson ended up performing many of the maneuvers himself. "It was very cool getting behind a classic car like that and driving it 90 miles per hour right into the camera," says Johnson. "I humbly can tell you that I'm the best driver on the planet." Sounds like something the Rock would say.
George Tillman, Jr.


after 'Mary had a little lamb' was kind of derivative.
Last week, two articles on highly successful musicians provided contrasting glimpses into the technology behind music production in our times. First up was an interesting piece from The New Yorker on what we might call the new Brill Building or the new Tinpan Alley: the dozen or so teams of song producers and writers that are responsible for the vast majority of the hits that dominate the American pop music scene. Fifty years ago, popular musicians didn't write their own stuff. Their managers simply had them sing songs that professional songwriters churned out like sausages in places like the Brill in New York. Look at the first Beatles and Rolling Stones albums: not a single original composition. That is the world that Bob Dylan blew away. Carole King is the sole survivor of that bygone era. She began as a gun for hire with her husband and later successfully made the transition into the singer-songwriter era of the sixties and seventies who sang her own material.
...today's Top Forty is almost always machine-made: lush sonic landscapes of beats, loops, and synths in which all the sounds have square edges and shiny surfaces, the voices are Auto-Tuned for pitch, and there are no mistakes. The music sounds sort of like this: thump thooka whompa whomp pish pish pish thumpaty wompah pah pah pah.
The producers compose the chord progressions, program the beats, and arrange the "synths," or computer-made instrumental sounds; the top-liners come up with primary melodies, lyrics, and the all-important hooks, the ear-friendly musical phrases that lock you into the song.
In this age of alleged media diversification, a handful of individuals are responsible for the listening pleasures of millions. In fact, so tiny and influential is this elite that one song written for Beyoncé, "Halo," ended up being used by Kelly Clarkson ("Already Gone") before the duplication was noticed… and both became hits!
Eriksen worked "the box"—the computer—using Avid's Pro Tools editing program, while Hermansen critiqued the playbacks. Small colored rectangles, representing bits of Dean's vocal, glowed on the computer screen, and Eriksen chopped and rearranged them, his fingers flying over the keys, frequently punching the space bar to listen to a playback, then rearranging some more. The studio's sixty-four-channel professional mixing board, with its vast array of knobs and lights, which was installed when Roc the Mic Studios was constructed, only five years ago, sat idle, a relic of another age.
For a contrast, last week also saw the publication of a New York Times feature on Jack White, formerly of the White Stripes, a major figure in the rock'n'roll that was displaced by this resurgence of the Top 40s hit machine.
White thinks of computer programs like Pro Tools as "cheating." He records only in analog, never digital, and edits his tape with a razor blade. "It's sort of like I can't be proud of it unless I know we overcame some kind of struggle," he said. "The funny thing is, even musicians and producers, my peers, don't care. Like, 'Wow, that's great, Jack.' Big deal."It's easy to overlook amid the stylistic trappings, but White is a virtuoso — possibly the greatest guitarist of his generation. His best songs, like "Seven Nation Army," are firmly rooted in the American folk vernacular, yet catchy and durable enough to be chanted in sports arenas worldwide. That he does it with such self-imposed constraints — for instance, his favorite guitar in the White Stripes was made of plastic and came from Montgomery Ward — makes it all the more impressive.
Both White and the Norwegian producer duo known as "Stargate" belong to elites that produce popular music for the masses. The only difference is that Stargate's masses are way more massive. But there is also a second difference. White's musical experiments are much less dependent upon the hit machine. Some of his albums can flop and others will do better, but he still has the independence and freedom to fail. The Stargate duo are much more dependent upon the fickle tastes of the mass public. Their flavor of music can fall out of fashion at the drop of a hat. In fact, it already happened to them once, back in the United Kingdom: "In 2004, things suddenly slowed down for Stargate in the U.K. 'People got fed up with Stargate's sound—things change fast in the music business—and there was no work,' Eriksen told me."
But with the mention of Adele the air pressure in the control room seemed to change. Stargate knew well from their experience in London how quickly fads come and go in the pop business; a massive smash such as Adele's "Someone Like You," with its heartfelt lyrics, accompanied by simple piano arpeggios—no arpeggiator required—could be the beginning of the end of urban pop.
The two styles of production inhabit the same moment in time. I would also suggest that White's last-man-standing posture of cutting physical strands of tape with a knife might not be simply the anachronism of an eccentric weirdo. Think more along the lines of Apple versus Google or locavorism versus molecular gastronomy. A Luddite retro hipster living in Tennessee like White might just be the flip side of the two Norwegians hunched over their seventeen-inch screens in midtown Manhattan. In a post-historicist society, the line between retro and futurist blurs as the past recurs over and over, and our visions of the future age faster than our furniture. They are simply two different ways of inserting yourself into the present and the future.
But, still, I am beginning to wonder whether, in some fields, technological savvy and sophistication might begin to be correlated with replaceability, and perhaps even lower wages and lower profit margins. Instead of a sine qua non for avoiding obsolescence, technological sophistication might be the tax you constantly have to pay to maintain your status as a cog in a mass-production machine. A cog that is progressively paid less and whose output becomes increasingly commoditized.
Even in music which is apparently less mainstream, there are production trends that end up creating a 'sound' for a generation (even if they're not involved in songwriting per se): take Butch Vig or Steve Albini in the grunge/noise era, for instance.
Point taken that the hit-makers never disappeared, but they did take a back seat to rock'n'rollers writing their own songs in the 70's and 80's. Bangles and Bananarama may have sold a lot, but it was way more profitable to have a Bruce Springsteen or a U2 on your label. The roles have now inverted. At Glastonbury, Beyoncé gets the main stage and Queens of the Stone Age are shunted off to the left,left stage.


text:
Q: Convert date in format (October 12th 2018) into date in R I have a set of dates that look like this:
example_dates = c("October 12th 2018","September 16th 2018","September 26th 2018")

Been playing around for a while but still could not figured out how to convert this into Date class in R. Does anyone know a simple solution / package to this sort problem?

A: Here's the Tidyverse solution from lubridate:
library(lubridate)
example_dates = c("October 12th 2018","September 16th 2018","September 26th 2018")
  lubridate::mdy(example_dates)

Output:
[1] "2018-10-12" "2018-09-16" "2018-09-26"

A: Try using sub with as.Date:
example_dates = c("October 12th 2018","September 16th 2018","September 26th 2018")
example_dates <- sub("(?<= \\d{2})\\D{2}(?= \\d{4})", "", example_dates, perl=TRUE)
dates <- as.Date(example_dates, format = "%B %d %Y")
dates

[1] "2018-10-12" "2018-09-16" "2018-09-26"

Demo


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <title></title>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub