Few studies have been reported in the literature about the cardiovascular and metabolic demands of boxing (Khanna et al., 1992, 1995 Ghosh et al., 1995). Previous studies on Indian boxers concentrated mainly on body composition, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and anaerobic power of Indian Boxers (Ghosh et al., 1995; Khanna et al., 1992, 1995; Singh et al., 2003). Few investigations into the biochemical parameters of Indian boxers (Garg et al., 1985) have been conducted. Therefore, the present work focused on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Indian National boxers as well as to assess the cardiovascular adaptation to graded exercise and actual boxing round.
For the present study, a total of 60 male (age range 15-25 yr) boxers of Indian National Camp participated in the study. Participants were divided into 2 groups (i) junior boxers-below 19 yrs (JB, n = 30), (ii) senior boxers-20 yrs and above (SB, n = 30). Different morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters were measured in each group.
In a second study, 21 male (age range 15-19 yr) boxers of Indian Junior National Camp participated. Participants were divided into 3 weight categories (i) Light weight (48-54 kg, n = 7 included Boxers of light fly, fly and bantam weight), (ii) medium weight (55-64 kg, n = 7; feather,light and light welter weight), (iii) medium heavy (65-75 kg n = 7 Welter and middle weight category) respectively. The anthropometric and physiological responses to graded exercise were estimated following abovementioned methods.
Results of the present study showed a significantly higher stature, body mass, LBM and body fat in the senior boxers as compared to junior boxers. Significantly higher endomorphy and mesomorphy values were noted in senior players as compared to juniors. Moreover, a significantly higher ectomorphy body conformation was noted in junior boxers as compared to senior boxers. In addition, significantly (p < 0.001) higher strength of back and grips were noted in senior players compared to juniors (Table 1). The anaerobic power and aerobic capacity showed significantly higher values in senior boxers as compared to junior boxers. Further, significantly higher heart rates were noted during maximal exercise and recovery in senior boxers compared to junior boxers (Table 2).
Significantly higher values were noted in hemoglobin, serum urea and uric acid in senior boxers as compared to junior boxers. However, the junior players showed significantly higher values in total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDLC as compared to senior players. No significant difference was noted in HDLC between the groups. On the other hand, senior boxers showed a significantly higher peak lactate value than junior boxers (Table 3).
A significant increase (p < 0.05) of body mass was noted among the groups. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) LBM, grip (right hand) and back strength were noted in medium Weight Category and medium heavy as compared to Light Weight Category (Table 4). No significant differences were noted in age, stature, body fat, flexibility and grip strength of left hand within the groups. No significant difference was found in resting heart rate, maximal heart rate and recovery heart rates amongst the groups. Further, significantly higher (p < 0.05) resting lactate was noted in medium weight Category when compared with light Weight Category. Peak lactate was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in medium heavy weight category as compared to light and medium weight category boxers (Table 5).
When comparing graded exercise with actual boxing rounds, significantly higher (p < 0.05) heart rates were observed in first and second round and during recovery in all the rounds in Light Weight Category Boxers. Similar observations were noted in medium Weight Category boxers. However, in medium heavy Weight Category boxers no significant difference was noted in exercise heart rate and heart rate during actual boxing round. On the other hand significantly higher (p < 0.05) heart rates were observed during recovery, when comparing graded exercise with actual boxing round in medium heavy Weight Category Boxers. Moreover, significantly higher heart rate was noted during first graded of exercise in medium heavy Weight Category when compared with Light Weight Category and medium Weight Category (Table 6). Significantly higher (p < 0.05) blood lactate was noted in medium heavy Weight Category boxers during graded exercise as well as during actual boxing round when compared to Light Weight Category and medium Weight Category boxers (Table 7).
Since the ancient times, it has been believed that a suitable physique is important to achieve success in particular sports (Powers and Howley, 1997). Judging the performance of the human body by its size, shape and form has been a topic of great concern. In the present day of tough competition, when scientific principles are applied for training of athletes, the size, the shape and the form of the body coupled with its efficiency in performance have been given more importance especially from the point of view of identifying, selecting and developing the talent in sports (Khanna et al., 1992; Reilly et al., 1990). Recent researches in this field of sports sciences have clearly established that various physical activities demand different body size and proportions that is why top level sports men of different sportive events have been found to possess different physique and morphologic characteristics (Singh et al., 2003).
Stature and body mass have significant impact on elite boxers. Senior boxers possess higher stature, body mass, lean body mass and body fat compared to junior boxers. Further, the senior players showed a mesomorphic body conformation. However, the junior players showed body conformation towards ectomorphy. The estimation of body composition permits the quantification of gross size of an individual into two major structural components namely fat mass and lean body mass (Durnin and Womersley, 1947; Siri, 1956). This accurate appraisal provides an important baseline to develop an effective training program.
The body composition especially in an athlete is a better guide for determining the desirable weight rather than using the standard height-weight-age table of normal population due to the presence of high proportions of muscular content their total body composition (Beunen and Malina, 1988; Reilly et al., 1990). In addition, body fat plays an important role for the assessment of physical fitness of the players. Further, significantly higher strength of back and grip were noted in senior players compared to juniors. As boxing is a combat sports, many activities are forceful and explosive (e. g. punches, movements, changing pace etc.). The power output during such activities is related to the strength of the muscles involved in the movements. Thus, it might also diminish the risk of injury (Reilly et al., 1990). Moreover, grip and back strength also have significant impact on the performance. The higher levels of back and grip strength in the senior players may be due to their higher body mass and high level strength training compared to the junior boxers. Similarly in the second study, the higher level of back and grip strength in medium weight Category and medium heavy weight Category boxers as compared to light weight category boxers may be due to higher body mass.
The anaerobic power in Indian boxers showed significantly higher values in senior boxers as compared to junior boxers. In addition, senior boxers showed significantly higher peak lactate level compared to the junior players. However, no significant difference was noted in the resting lactate level among the groups. However, significant difference in blood lactate was noted in medium Weight Category and C when compared to Light Weight Category separately during graded exercise and during actual boxing rounds. High lactic acid concentration in the blood reflects the anaerobic metabolism and the degree of training intensity. When the intensity of the activity increases, production of lactic acid in the muscle becomes high, resulting in high lactic acid accumulation in blood leading to fatigue. The higher level of anaerobic power in the senior players may be due to exposure to high level of anaerobic training than the junior players. By training the lactic acid system, the athlete delays the onset of fatigue by increasing tolerance to lactic acid build-up. While the lactic acid system is most important in to boxing, training the ATP-CP system also has benefits, such as increasing the body's stores of phospho-creatine and delaying the pre-mature use of the lactic system. Training this system requires shorter interval periods (Powers and Howley, 2000).
Training programme places great emphasis on the anaerobic pathways. The Indian boxers included a form of interval running with less work/rest ratio involved, intervals matching the duration of a round (2 or 3 min), with a 1 min rest period. Intervals of this nature train the anaerobic lactic acid system, while also providing aerobic benefits. Boxing training program included situational exercises, lasting 30-60 sec for 6-8 sets, while sparring.
Not only the anerobic capacity but also the aerobic demand of present 2 × 4 rounds of boxing has also increased (Ghosh et al., 1995). The average VO2max of present elite boxers was observed to be 54.6 and 61.7 ml·kg-1·min-1 in Indian junior and senior boxers respectively. Similar study on elite Indian boxers showed VO2max value of 54.5 ml·kg-1·min-1 (Ghosh et al., 1995). Moreover, some other study observed VO2max of 55.8 ml·kg-1·min-1 in Greek national boxers, 56.6 ml·kg-1·min-1 in Hungarian boxers and 64.7 ml·kg-1·min-1 in French boxers (Ghosh et al., 1995).
Heart rate increases with an increase in work intensity and shows linear relationship with work rate (Astrand and Rodhal, 1970). It becomes the only factor to increase cardiac out put after stroke volume reaches its maximum level at about 40% of maximal work. Since heart rate can increase from 50-190 beats per min (300-400 %) in well-trained sports persons, with an increasing stroke volume of about 50-75%, heat rate plays a key role in increased cardiac out put during exercise (Astrand and Rodhal, 1970; Manna et al., 2002; Powers and Howley, 1997). Heart rates were measured during sub-maximal exercise, maximal exercise as well as during recovery to evaluate the cardiovascular fitness of the athletes (Karvitz et al., 2003; Manna et al., 2002). In the present study significantly higher heart rates were found during maximal exercise and recovery in senior boxers compared to juniors. In the second study significantly higher heart rate values were recorded during actual boxing rounds when comparing heart rates recorded during graded exercise on treadmill, this may be due to emotional attachment,stress and different muscle involvement during the game. Similar observation was noted in the study conducted by Bellinger et al., 1997.
Hemoglobin is mainly used for the transport of oxygen from blood vessels to exercising muscles, and transport of carbon dioxide from working muscles to blood vessels. Moreover, hemoglobin represents the iron status of the body (Beard and Tobin, 2000). The present study showed higher level of hemoglobin in the senior boxers compared to juniors Several studies showed that running might result in an appearance of free hemoglobin in plasma in augmented quantities. This phenomenon has been considered as a sign of typical sports anemia (Beard and Tobin, 2000; Casoni et al., 1985). It has been noted that training improved the hemoglobin concentration (Casoni et al., 1985).
The main end product of protein metabolism is urea. A prolonged exercise has been shown to cause increased urea and uric acid concentration in the blood, liver, skeletal muscle, urine and sweat (Carraro et al., 1993; Cerny, 1975). Therefore, monitoring of exercise stress through different biochemical parameters including serum urea and uric acid are common practice (Fry, et al., 1991; Urhausen and Kindermann, 2002). It may be suggested that increased levels of urea and uric acid may be due to increased intensity of training and or, excessive intake of proteins and reduced excretion of urinary urea and uric acid. Thus a high level of urea and uric acid may lead to positive nitrogen balance, which may interfere in kidney function.
Regular participation in physical activity is associated with lower plasma level of triglycerides (Berg et al., 1994; Durstine and Haskell, 1994; Khanna et al., 2005). Level of fitness influences the lipid profile as physically fit and active individuals tend to have lower levels of lipids than less active individuals (Berg et al., 1994; Durstine and Haskell, 1994; Khanna et al., 2005). Another study showed that the serum levels of HDLC and the ratio of HDLC to total cholesterol were increased in those players having more aerobic exercise in their training program (Cardoso Saldana et al., 1995). Whereas, those players exposed to more anaerobic training showed low concentration of HDLC to total cholesterol and LDLC to total cholesterol (Friedwald et al., 1972). In the present study significantly higher values of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDLC were noted in junior boxers when compared to senior players. No significant difference was noted in HDLC between the groups. This shows that the senior players exposed to more aerobic training then the junior players. Therefore, it has been suggested that aerobic training can regulate serum lipids and lipoprotein levels and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (Berg et al., 1994).
In conclusion, the age and level of training in Boxing has significant effect on Aerobic, anaerobic component. A very high intensive and long duration interval training to develop the needs to be incorporated in the training schedule to develop both the aerobic and anaerobic components of the boxers to meet the demand of the game. At the same time biochemical parameters including hemoglobin, urea, uric acid and lipid profiles also should be taken into consideration for training of boxers. The study of physiological responses during graded exercise testing may be helpful to observe the cardiovascular adaptation in boxers. The responses of heart rate and lactate studied during the actual bout can give a better insight about the adaptation of the boxers as compared to studying of responses in the laboratory conditions.
Body mass was measured with the accurately calibrated electronic scale (Seca Alpha 770, UK) to the nearest 0.1 kg and stature with a stadiometer (Seca 220, UK) recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. Body density was estimated from the sum of the four skin-fold sites (Durnin and Womersley, 1947), and percentage body fat was calculated by using equation of (Siri, 1956). Somatotype body configuration was done computed following Heath and Carter's method. Grip and back strength were measured by dynamometers (India Medico Instruments, India) (Jonson and Nelson, 1996).
Treadmill (Jaeger LE 500; Jaeger, Germany) tests were performed at 0% gradient to determine the cardiovascular status of the players during sub maximal and maximal exercise. Heart rate responses during rest, exercise and recovery were noted every 5 sec. using a heart rate monitor (Polar, Finland). The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured following standard methodology (Astrand and Rodahl, 1970). The participant was asked to run on the treadmill at a speed of 6 km·h-1 for 2 min. thereafter, the workload was increased by 2 km·h-1 for every 2 min until volitional exhaustion. Expired gases were sampled breath-by-breath and measured from a mixing chamber using computerized respiratory gas analyzer (Oxycon Champion, Germany).
Anaerobic power was measured using a cycle ergometer (Jaeger LE 900; Jaeger, Germany) (Inbar et al., 1996). After a 10 min warm up the participant was asked to pedal as fast as possible without resistance. Within 3 sec a fixed resistance of 0.075 kg per kg body mass was applied to the flywheel and the participant continues to peddle "all out" for 30 sec. A computerized counter continuously records flywheel revolutions in 5 sec intervals. Anaerobic power was measured using the software supplied by Jaeger, Germany.
Participants were informed about the possible hazards of the study. Each test was scheduled at a similar time of day (± 1 hr) in order to minimize the effect of diurnal fluctuation. Participants were advised not to engage in strenuous activities two days before an exercise test and not to exercise on the day of the test. Individuals were requested to maintain their normal diet. All the tests were under taken following the guidelines of American College of Cardiology (ACL, 1986).
A 5 ml of venous blood was drawn from an antecubital vein after a 12 hour fast and 24 hour after the last bout of exercise. Hemoglobin (Hb), urea and uric acid were measured following standard methodology (Mukharjee, 1997). Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were determined by enzymatic method using Boehringer Mannhein kit (Mukharjee, 1997). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) was calculated from a standard equation (Friedewald et al., 1972). Arterialized samples were obtained from fingertip and under ideal conditions; this provides good approximation of arterial lactate concentration. Blood samples were analyzed immediately by a lactate analyzer (YSI Sport 1500, USA) using the YSI lactate kit. Special care was taken to prevent contamination from sweat and to enhance rapid circulation.
The exercise test was divided into three test protocols. First and second protocols were carried out in the laboratory, where as the third protocol was performed during the practice session.
First protocol: The participant was asked to run on the treadmill (Jaeger 500, Germany) at a speed of 6 km·h-1 at 0% gradient for 2 min thereafter, the workload was increased by 2 km·h-1 for every 2 min. until volitional exhaustion. Heart rate responses during rest, exercise and recovery were noted every 5 sec using a heart rate monitor (Polar, Finland). Blood sample was taken 2 min after the cessation of exercise to evaluate the peak lactate level.
Second protocol: This comprised a warm up for 2 min at 8 km·h-1 speed followed by a graded exercise protocol was performed on the treadmill (Jaeger 500, Germany) to determine the heart rate responses to graded exercise so as to find out the sub-maximal responses of cardiovascular system. The test protocols were subdivided into 3 grades: (i) grade I- at 12 km·h-1 speed and 2% inclination; (ii) grade II- at 14 km·h-1 speed and 4% inclination; grade III- at 16 km·h-1 speed and 6% inclination respectively. In every grade, 2 min of exercise was performed following 1 min rest, hence similar to actual competition. Heart rate was measured after warm up, at the end of 2 min graded exercise and during 1 min rest pause. Blood samples were taken during the rest period to determine the blood lactate concentration.
Third protocol: Heart rate and blood lactate responses of the boxers during actual bouts were measured during selection competitive trials. Each bout was performed for 2 minutes with a rest pause of 1 minute in between. Heart rate was measured at the end of 2 minutes bout and during 1 minute rest pause. Blood sample was collected immediately after each bout and blood lactate concentration was measured.
Data were presented as mean and standard deviation (±SD). Two-tail t-test was used to determine the significant differences of means in each parameter between the junior and senior boxing groups. ANOVA followed by multiple two-tail t-tests with Bonferroni modification was employed to find out the significant difference between the weights categories. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05. (Das and Das, 1998). Accordingly, a statistical software package (SPSS-10) was used.
Employment: Senior Scientific Officer Co-ordinator, Sports Science in Sports Authority of India.
Research interests: Growth and development in Trained children. Physiological adaptations in High performance sports. Fluid and electrolytes. Antioxidants and exercise.
Employment: Assistant Professor in the Department of Physiology in Janaki Medical College, Nepal.
Research interests: Exercise physiology and ergonomics.
Astrand P.O., Rodhal K. (1970) Textbook of work physiology. New York. McGraw-Hill.
Beard J., Tobin B. (2000) Iron status and exercise. American Journal Clinical Nutrition 72, 594S-597S.
Bellinger B., St Clair Gibso A., Oelofse A., Oelofse R., Lambert M. (1997) Energy expenditure of a non contact boxing training session compared with sub-maximal treadmill running. Medical Science in Sports and Exercise 29, 1653-1656.
Berg A., Frey I., Basmstark M. W., Halle M., Keul J. (1994) Physical activity and lipoprotein lipid disorder. Sports Medicine 17, 6-21.
Beunen G., Malina B.M. (1988) Growth and physical performance relative to the timing of the adolescent spurt. Exercise and Sports Science Review 16, 503-546.
Bianco M., Vaiano A.S., Colella F., Coccimiglio F., Moscetti M., Palmieri V., Focosi F., Zeppilli P., Vinger P. F. (2005) Ocular complications of boxing. British Journal of Sports Medicine 39, 70-74.
Cardoso Saldana G.C., Hernandez de Leon S., Zamora Gonzalez J., Posadas Romero C. (1995) Lipid and lipoprotein levels in athletes in different sports disciplines. Archives of Internal and Cardiologic Medicine 65, 229-235.
Carraro F., Kimbrough T.D., Wolfe R.R. (1993) Urea kinetics in humans of two levels of exercise intensity. Journal of Applied Physiology 75, 1180-1185.
Casoni I., Barsetto C., Cavicchi A., Martinelli S., Conconi F. (1985) Reduced hemoglobin concentration and red cells hemoglobinization in Italian marathon and ultra marathon runners. International Journal of Sports Medicine 6, 176-179.
Cerny F., Howald H., Poortmans J. R. (1975) Metabolic adaptation to prolonged physical exercise. Protein metabolism during two hours ergometer exercise. Basel. Birkhauser.
Das D., Das A. (1998) Statistics in biology and psychology. Calcutta. Academic Publishers.
Durnin J.V.G.A., Womersley J. (1947) Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skin fold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women from 16 to 72 years. British Journal of Nutrition 32, 77-97.
Durstine J.L., Haskell W.L., Holloszy J.O. (1994) Exercise and sports science reviews. Effects of exercise training on plasma lipids and lipoprotein. London. Williams and Wilkins.
Ferrence S., Bendersky G. (2005) Deformity in the "Boxing Boys" Perspect. Biology of Medicine 48, 105-123.
Friedewald W.T., Levy R.I., Fredrickson D.S. (1972) Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry 18, 499-501.
Fry R.W., Morton A.R., Garcia-Webb P., Keast D. (1991) Monitoring exercise stress by changes in metabolic and hormonal responses over a 24-h period. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 63, 228-234.
Garg S., Khanna G.L., Ghosh A.K. (1985) Relationship between uric acid and maximum aerobic power in Indian National Boxers. Snipes Journal 8, 55-61.
Ghosh A.K., Goswami A., Ahuja A. (1995) Heart rate and blood lactate response in amateur competitive boxing. Indian Journal of Medical Research 102, 179-183.
Guidetti L., Musulin A., Baldaric C. (2002) Physiological factors in middleweight boxing performance. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 42, 309-314.
Inbar O., Bar-Or O., Skinner J.S. (1996) The Wingate anaerobic test. Champaign IL. Human Kinetics.
Jonson B.L., Nelson J.K. (1996) . Practical measurements for evaluation in physical education. London. Macmillan Publishing Co.
Jordan B.D. (2000) Chronic traumatic brain injury associated with boxing. Seminar in Neurology 20, 179-185.
Karvitz L., Greene L., Burkett Z., Wongsathikun J. (2003) Cardiovascular response to punching tempo. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 17, 104-108.
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Khanna G.L., Majumdar P., Saha M. (1995) A comparative study of physiological profile of Indian and Cuban Boxers. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science 94, 13-21.
Khanna G.L., Manna I., Dhara P.C. (2005) Age associated change in plasma lipids and lipoproteins of Indian football players. Indian Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 14, 63-73.
Manna I., Dhingra M., Khanna G.L. (2002) Study of anthropometric and physiological profiles for the selection of under 14 years football players in scheme. Journal of Sports Traumatology and Allied Sports Science 4, 53-58.
National Coaching Certification Programme (NCCP) (1990) Level III. Ontario. Gloucester.
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On Monday (March 4), a group of bipartisan lawmakers introduced H.R. 935, The Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013. The bill would amend the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) to clarify Congressional intent and eliminate the requirement of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit for the use of pesticides already approved for use under FIFRA.
This legislation passed the U.S. House of Representatives on March 31, 2011, as H.R. 872, The Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2011. Additionally, it advanced out of the U.S. Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, but the full Senate failed to consider it during the last Congress.
H.R. 935 is necessary to address the negative economic consequences of the ruling posed by the case National Cotton Council v. EPA (6th Cir. 2009). Under the court ruling, pesticide users are required to obtain a redundant permit under the Clean Water Act (CWA) or be subject to a costly fine.
"The Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013 removes duplicative and costly 'red-tape' requirements that provide no additional health or environmental benefits, while providing assurance that the pesticide community is not subject to redundant permitting requirements if they comply with EPA's current regulations. This legislation passed last year by a bipartisan super majority, and it is key to job creation and the elimination of unnecessary regulations that hamper our economic growth," said Rep. Bob Gibbs, Chairman of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee's Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment.
"Federal agencies continue to develop and implement duplicative regulations that create undue burdens and more red tape for American citizens. H.R. 935 will provide clarity with EPA regulations, which will in turn allow citizens to better navigate the regulatory environment," said Rep. Austin Scott, Chairman of the House Agriculture Committee's Subcommittee on Horticulture, Research, Biotechnology, and Foreign Agriculture.
"Under FIFRA, pesticides must undergo extensive and rigorous testing before being approved. To require a duplicative permit for a pesticide that has already been approved through the FIFRA process is not only arbitrary, it's an unnecessary burden on regulators and applicators and does nothing to improve water quality. I urge my House colleagues to support the swift passage of this important legislation in the 113th Congress," stated Rep. Kurt Schrader, Ranking Member of the House Agriculture Committee's Subcommittee on Horticulture, Research, Biotechnology, and Foreign Agriculture.
"Reducing regulations, helping farmers and the agriculture community, and eliminating unfunded mandates for state and local governments are keys to helping create jobs and put people to work. This bill is a great step toward reforming the regulatory process, streamlining government, and saving taxpayers' time and money. Let's pass this common sense bill now," said Rep. Mike McIntyre.
The House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure also shares jurisdiction of the bill.


text:
Q: paint method with BreezyGUI flickering [Java] Before anyone says this has been answered, I couldn't find this anywhere, because i'm not using buffered images, im using g.drawRect(...) and so on... to draw my object, this is what I was told to do because i'm learning how to code right now. But for some reason, the screen keeps flickering, and I would like some help.
So, i'm pretty new at coding, And I am trying to code a very simple bomberman game. And I'm not using BufferedImages, i'm just using Graphics paint, to draw the character. And, when I'm adding the KeyBinding, I use repaint() to "update" the game when a key is pressed. But this is very buggy and it glitches and shows a blank screen when I hold down one of the buttons. I think this is due to me repainting it, but i'm not sure of how to go about fixing this. Here is some of the code I am using.
    public static void left(Graphics g) {
    bomberManLowerLeft(g, -90 + dx, -20 + dy);
    bomberManBodyLeft(g, -90 + dx, -20 + dy);
    bomberManFaceLeft(g, -90 + dx, -20 + dy);
}

public static void right(Graphics g) {
    bomberManLowerRight(g, -90 + dx, -20 + dy);
    bomberManBodyRight(g, -90 + dx, -20 + dy);
    bomberManFaceRight(g, -90 + dx, -20 + dy);
}

public void paint(Graphics g) {
    if (down) {
        front(g);
    } else if (up) {
        back(g);
    } else if (left) {
        left(g);
    } else if (right) {
        right(g);
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    Frame frm = new BomberMan();
    frm.setSize(750, 750);
    frm.setVisible(true);
    frm.add(panel);
    frm.setBackground(Color.black);
}

@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
    int kCode = e.getKeyCode();
    if (kCode == KeyEvent.VK_D) {
        System.out.println("Right");
        dx += 3;
        down = false;
        right = true;
        left = false;
        up = false;
        repaint();
    } else if (kCode == KeyEvent.VK_A) {
        System.out.println("Left");
        dx -= 3;
        down = false;
        right = false;
        left = true;
        up = false;
        repaint();
    } else if (kCode == KeyEvent.VK_W) {
        System.out.println("Up");
        dy -= 3;
        down = false;
        right = false;
        left = false;
        up = true;
        repaint();
    } else if (kCode == KeyEvent.VK_S) {
        System.out.println("Down");
        dy += 3;
        down = true;
        right = false;
        left = false;
        up = false;
        repaint();
    } else if(kCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){
        placeBomb = true;
        bombdx = dx;
        bombdy = dy;
        repaint();
    }

}

I could really use some help with this, thanks. And if you do need the full code here it is: PASTEBIN-CODE

A: *

*Avoid extending directly from top level containers like JFrame (I don't know what GBFrame is, but I'm guess it derives from JFrame or some other window)

*Avoid overriding paint of top level containers, they aren't double buffered and if you break the paint chain (which you have), it can cause no end of issues.

*Avoid KeyListener, it has to many issues with regards to focus and can easily become unresponsive.  Instead, consider using the key bindings API.  See How to Use Key Bindings for more details.

*Avoid over use of static.  static is not a cross object communication mechanism and will cause no end of issues as your program becomes more complex.

Instead, create a custom component that extends from something like JPanel and override it's paintComponent method and perform your custom painting there...
public class BomberManPanel extends JPanel {
    //...
    @Override
    public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        // Your painting goes here...
    }
}

See Painting in AWT and Swing and Performing Custom Painting for more details
I'd also move all your core logic to this component and simply add an instance of it to your BomberMan frame.
While your current approach will generally work, normally, you would have some kind of "game loop" which was responsible for updating the current state of the game and scheduling the rendering of the game state.
This means that instead of modifying the state within your key listener, you would simply set a flag, indicating which keys were currently pressed and allow the "game loop" to update the state accoridingly
In this case, you could simply use something like a Swing Timer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


SKU: WH011. Categories: Cockspur Window Handles, Window Handles.
An inline espag window handle for outward opening UPVC / Aluminium / Timber windows. It is 'not handed'. This handle is available in chrome, gold and white.


Open glass shelving with brass accents in front of large wooden framed kitchen window, and patterned tile.
Long wooden planks for open shelving in a South Carolina home by Cortney Bishop Design, as featured in Charleston Magazine (via House of Turquoise).
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What Should You Have In Your Airbnb Kitchen?
Paper Towels – Most of your guests would rather use a paper towel to clean up a spill than dishcloths since they are disposable.
Suitable for placement in the kitchen, bathroom, sink, table, etc., both draining rack, also a storage shelf, oh.
Hands-down, if the only thing you walk away with learning from this mile-long post, it's BUY YOUR DISPOSABLE BAKING PANS AT THE DOLLAR STORE!


text:
Limewire Mired in Monopolizing Morass of Music Merchants.
September 28, 2006 IP-Antitrust, Uncategorizedthomason
In a well-drafted, but issue driven counterclaim, the owners of LimeWire software threw a battery of antitrust accusations against the major distributors of popular music. After being sued for copyright infringement, LimeWire countered that the music business is a conspiratorial cartel that acts "with a vengeance," in Arista Records, et al v. Lime Wire, 06CV5936 (S.D.N.Y.).
The defense of the infringement case suggests that LimeWire developed its software using annotated copies of the Napster and Grokster decisions. It's antitrust counterclaim may have been structured around annotations to those and other RIAA cases.
LimeWire avers it lacks the file "directory" resident on its servers, which was a resident evil that snared Napster. The counterclaim notes a clickwrap agreement by which new users "agree not to use the application to infringe the copyrights of others." That hopes to distance LimeWire from the software promoted by Grokster and other P2P systems. It acknowledges that after clicking, "those persons make use of LimeWire in the manner that they alone choose." Sort of like a choice teens make after clicking the 'I am 18' on other web sites.
The LimeWire counterclaim condenses most of the history, and some sound bites from, many prior efforts to 'take on' the music industry in court. Still, it seems short on the details of the antitrust violations. Usually, a civil antitrust complaint should read like a criminal indictment, identifying the combination, the contract, detailing the conspiracy, the object, the overt acts, etc. This one indicts more so with criticism of the 'old business' model, and with information and belief. The first problem may be providing an initial disclosure that supports the litany of legal theories – if it gets that far.
The alleged badness – to "attack [new] technology with a vengeance," "prevent the exploitation of new technology," "plan to dominate the market for online recorded music distribution," use "anticompetitive [&] unduly restrictive licensing," "pool their copyrights," foment "price-fixing among horizontal competitors," "concerted refusal to deal," "boycott," "collusively employing anti-piracy methods," – all of these run head-on into the music companies' exclusive right to distribute, which 17 U.S.C. §106(3) guarantees to all copyright owners.
Copyright cases so often ask who's copy, what copy, how copied, but so many cases today hinge on the right of distribution. §106(3) enables all manner of vertical, horizontal, exclusive, non-exclusive, exclusionary, etc., distribution arrangements. The distribution right goes far, and beyond that point, the law of copyright yields in respect to the law of contracts and licenses.
While I enjoyed reading the LimeWire counterclaim, and find intellectual interest in its challenge to the music business, I think it faces a tough pull to surmount the copyright owners §106(3) rights. Copyright law is read textually from the Act, and applied equitably to be fair to the copyright owner. That leaves little in the scale of justice for a defendant accused of facilitating large-scale copyright infringement. As I've been told, your legal arguments are great, but if it's you against the whole world, I'd bet that the world wins.
← Gonzo Said It Was So, But That Wasn't "Convincing."	StreamCast is Cast As Inducer, Based on Lots of Inadequate Proofs. →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
We know that you care how information about you is used and shared, and we appreciate your trust. References to "Shona Joy" in this Privacy Policy includes Shona Joy Trading Co Pty Limited ACN 610 512 779, Shona Joy Holdings Pty Ltd ACN 124 203 658, Shona Joy Pty Ltd ACN 124 197 851 and any related entities (as defined pursuant to the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth)). Shona Joy (also referred to as "we", "our" and "us") is committed to protecting your privacy and personal information when you interact with us, visit or make a purchase from any of our websites including www.shonajoy.com.au or www.shonajoy.com ("Websites").
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Tel 1300 363 992 or email: privacy@privacy.gov.au


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magical backlash from scrying?
grodog
Anthony and all---
Have you created or adapted any rules for magical backlash from scrying in AD&D?
Trent Foster asked about this over on the Knights & Knaves Alehouse, and it's an interesting topic: https://knights-n-knaves.com/phpbb3/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=16227
Allan.
I know this is a late reply, but I don't think I actually need something like this. Powerful creatures and people are likely to to ward their lairs with things such as Symbols of Death specifically designed to trigger in event of scrying. Lower-brow, but medusa heads on pikes might serve a similar purpose.
The 12th level magic-user in my current campaign has a crystal ball and he uses it fairly often. But it was just last time (something like two sessions ago) when he used it and I told him to make a saving throw vs Petrification. He succeeded and was thoroughly rattled, immediately ending the scry.
Sometimes, you just have to remind players that everything has a risk, let their imaginations run wild, and balance is restored.
As a player I leverage divination magics as fully as possible, and as a DM I certainly encourage and reward their usage in my games. I don't want to discourage such behavior at all, since anything memorized that's not magic missile, fireball, or slow is often viewed as a wasted slot by many players (which is something I actively try to discourage!).
All that said, I do like these fun little sub-systems, and for magic to have certain resonating fingerprints that tag the caster for those in the know....
Right. I think there's a fine line between discouraging an action and making the player think twice about abuse. The player who's been apprised of such threats starts to assess whether they should even attempt a scry on Orcus, for example, since it might meet with disaster. And If the target is a high level mage, perhaps it might be safer to try scrying on one of mage's servants for example. This could lead to more circuitous cloak and dagger, clues and so forth.
That's the kind of smart spycraft I want my players to leverage, but it appears in play more rarely than I'd prefer: the suborning of a servant via charm or blackmail, the rooting through discarded items (or resorting to theft) to acquire clothing/personal items as scrying foci, etc.
I'm so lucky with my player group. Game designers tend to think in similar ways. And they treat the world and its inhabitants as real threats with real motives. Of course, if you play those kinds of games AGAINST the players, they will learn quickly! I rolled up some urban hazards for my group and the results showed that Albin, the fighter had been robbed during the month. Turning dice rolls into narrative, I explained that he'd been drinking and unwisely staggered home. That was when he'd been jumped. His magic shield was taken from him.
Now, before you say how harsh I am and ask how I manage it when players claim that their characters would never do any such thing, I'll just say that I've worked these sorts of procedural roles into character lives from the beginning and I've always prefaced it with, "your character is not a robot. your character is a real person with real proclivities, desires, and so on. Dice have generated crushes, marriages, assassination attempts, robberies, drug binges and more. They've also generated tips, fame, extra cash and other lucky events. As a result, the characters have much richer lives than what I think you'd normally get from sitting around a table.
That's all a long-winded way of saying that the magic shield WAS used to scry on the party by very bad guys and the party found out about it. This realization deepened their reliance on similarly devious tactics, much to my enjoyment.


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Populism, Globalism, and the Decline of the Post-War International Order
Anne-Marie Slaughter '80
Computer Science 104
Reception immediately following the lecture
The Bernstein Lecture, started in 2005 through the generosity of Donald S. Bernstein '75, brings a significant legal scholar to campus each year. Previous Bernstein Lecturers include Judge Richard Posner (2005), Kenneth Roth (2006), Robert C. Post (2007), Cass R. Sunstein (2008),Israeli Supreme Court President Dorit Beinisch (2009), Jack M. Balkin (2010), Yochai Benkler (2011), Christopher Eisgruber (2013), Trevor Potter (2014), and Emily Bazelon (2015).
New America
Anne-Marie Slaughter is the president and CEO of New America, a think and action tank dedicated to renewing America in the Digital Age. She is also the Bert G. Kerstetter '66 University Professor Emerita of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University. From 2009–2011, she served as director of policy planning for the United States Department of State, the first woman to hold that position. Upon leaving the State Department she received the Secretary's Distinguished Service Award for her work leading the Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review, as well as meritorious service awards from USAID and the Supreme Allied Commander for Europe. Prior to her government service, Dr. Slaughter was the Dean of Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs from 2002–2009 and the J. Sinclair Armstrong Professor of International, Foreign, and Comparative Law at Harvard Law School from 1994-2002.
Dr. Slaughter has written or edited eight books, including The Chessboard and the Web: Strategies of Connection in a Dangerous World (2017), Unfinished Business: Women, Men, Work, Family (2015), The Idea That Is America: Keeping Faith with Our Values in a Dangerous World (2007), and A New World Order (2004), as well as over 100 scholarly articles. She was the convener and academic co-chair, with Professor John Ikenberry, of the Princeton Project on National Security, a multi-year research project aimed at developing a new, bipartisan national security strategy for the United States. In 2012 she published the article "Why Women Still Can't Have It All," in the Atlantic, which quickly became the most read article in the history of the magazine and helped spawn a renewed national debate on the continued obstacles to genuine full male-female equality.
Dr. Slaughter is a contributing editor to the Financial Times and writes a bi-monthly column for Project Syndicate. She provides frequent commentary for both mainstream and new media and curates foreign policy news for over 140,000 followers on Twitter. Foreign Policy magazine named her to their annual list of the Top 100 Global Thinkers in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. She received a B.A. from Princeton, an M.Phil and D.Phil in international relations from Oxford, where she was a Daniel M. Sachs Scholar, and a J.D. from Harvard. She is married to Professor Andrew Moravcsik; they live in Princeton with their two sons.


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The MLS Goalkeeper in 2012
August 28, 2012 by J Hutcherson
By J Hutcherson – WASHINGTON, DC (Aug 28, 2012) US Soccer Players – If you've paid any attention at all to Major League Soccer this season, you might have noticed what we'll politely refer to as 'creative' goalkeeping decisions. Once upon a time, MLS was a league where a team had to work at it to have an unreliable goalkeeper. Sure, everyone makes the occasional mistake, but most of the time it took more than the keeper misplaying the ball to get a goal in MLS.
This season, it seems like goalkeeping should be the first item for most teams, yet that works against something that is taken for granted in Major League Soccer. Namely, that you don't have to spend on goalkeepers because of a deep pool of available players capable of doing the job. Paying significant money by MLS standards for a goalkeeper has always been the exception. Any other position on the field is a more likely target of designated player money.
It's this stubbornness to spend that runs hand-in-hand with a downturn in the fortunes of the goalkeeping pool. Colleges aren't producing enough MLS-ready goalkeepers to fill obvious needs and most teams aren't willing to bring in goalkeepers from outside MLS. The result is attrition, with the handful of league-tested and established goalkeepers growing smaller through retirement.
We've seen some odd choices already this season when it comes to goalkeepers. LA got rid of an exception, a CONCACAF international with proven talent. Donovan Ricketts didn't last long in Montreal, swapping an expansion team for Portland with Troy Perkins heading to the Impact. That level of goalkeeper should be all but untouchable in MLS, certainly not swapped for each other.
Perkins in particular is almost a case study in how MLS clubs can't get out of their own way when it comes to the goalkeeping position. Returning to DC after proving his game at Valerenga, Perkins ended up in a similar scenario to one he'd already been part of during his first stint as an MLS goalkeeper. United has been unafraid of making it complicated in sticking with a starter. Nick Rimando's time there ended similarly to Perkins. In fact, it was Perkins that was part of a multiple season struggle to establish one or the other as DC's #1. Both players eventually needed an out to salvage their reputations, and both got it with other MLS teams by showing they should be starting.
That's become one of Major League Soccer's clichés, toying with the goalkeeping depth chart and only succeeding in making things more difficult. Goalkeeping isn't supposed to be done by committee and depth can create its own problems. Granted, covering for injuries is important, but there's too much temptation when you know your backup is fully capable of doing the job. It's tough for any goalkeeper to thrive when he knows a blown save or two is enough to start the coaching staff thinking about making a change.
Confidence is worth more than taking immediate action. For coaches, the importance of the long view is part of the job. The occasional howler is part of the deal, as true at Premier League level as it is here.
Once upon a time, if you wanted to find a future MLS Best XI goalkeeper all you needed to do was check the Metrostars' bench. MLS is still in a scenario where players thought of as career backups get an opportunity somewhere else and show they should've been starting all along. It makes things that more difficult in assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the League's goalkeeping pool.
The underrated goalkeeper in MLS is almost a given. That's true even for established keepers whenever a club decides it's time to tinker. For some reason, when it works for one club it seems to justify the choices at all the others. The one success out of several attempts takes over the story. Enough MLS teams seemed to have learned the odds are against them here. Destabilizing the goalkeeping corps hasn't been as common in 2012. Instead, it's been replaced by what looks like a lack of choices. This didn't just happen. It's a problem years in the making that was all but ignored in the era where another team's backup – available at a sizeable discount – could become your team's starter.
Combining that old MLS notion that it's not worth spending on goalkeepers with multiple years of expansion, MLS teams are now playing with limited options. That turns savable shots into points on the board, shifting the balance between offense and defense that speaks to overall quality.
Comments, questions, solutions to problems that have yet to present themselves. Please, tell me all about it.
More from J Hutcherson:
The Playoff Race
The continuing story of the Champions League
Placing the Champions League
Everton's season
Filed Under: MLS


text:
Dr Kiah Smith
ARC DECRA Research Fellow
k.smith2@uq.edu.au
I am an early career Sociologist in the fields of environment and development, with a focus on agrifood political and cultural economy. My research focuses on understanding the transformation of local and global food systems in light of shifting social relations and global environmental change, and emphasises the social and political-economic factors underpinning the ways that food production, trade and consumption are understood and contested by multiple actors (farmers, women, supermarkets, policy makers, activists) at local, national and global levels. I have published on food security, climate change, ethical/fair trade, sustainable livelihoods, gender, green economy, governance and resilience, and have a growing interest in the right to food and food justice in the global South. I have conducted qualitative and participatory sociological research in Australia and internationally, have worked with local NGOs (in Africa and Australia), with the United Nations Research Institute in Geneva, and in multidisciplinary research teams spanning the social and natural sciences both here and abroad. I currently work on an Australian Research Council Discovery project exploring the 'financialisation' of food and land in Australia. I am also a Future Earth Fellow and a Research Associate with the Centre for Social Economy in Nicaragua.
Agrifood Political Economy
'Financialisation of Food and Farming' in Australia, with a focus on agribusiness investment in the the North Queensland sugar industry Supermarket power and industry 'greening' Food crisis, multiple crises (food, climate, economic)
Civic/ alternative food networks Fair Food organising Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Community food policy making Food citizenship Environmental justice
Food systems governance
Resilience of long and short food chains Adaptive governance, reflexive governance Food systems in 'crisis', e.g. flooding, climate change Food systems transformation Multi-stakeholder participation
Gender and Ethical Trade
Fair and ethical trade, e.g. 'ethical consumption and production' networks Smallholder food production/trade in the Global South Sustainable livelihoods Gender empowerment Conventions, standards, multistakeholder regulation
Social dimensions of green economy UN policy processes
Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Queensland
Journal Article: The resilience of long and short food chains: a case study of flooding in Queensland, Australia
Smith, Kiah, Lawrence, Geoffrey, MacMahon, Amy, Muller, Jane and Brady, Michelle (2016) The resilience of long and short food chains: a case study of flooding in Queensland, Australia. Agriculture and Human Values, 33 1: 45-60. doi:10.1007/s10460-015-9603-1
Book Chapter: Food Systems Failure: Can we Avert Future Crises?
Smith, Kiah (2016). Food Systems Failure: Can we Avert Future Crises?. In Mark Shucksmith and David L. Brown (Ed.), Routledge International Handbook of Rural Studies (pp. 250-262) London: Routledge.
Book: Ethical trade, gender and sustainable livelihoods: women smallholders and ethicality in Kenya
Smith, Kiah Ethical trade, gender and sustainable livelihoods: women smallholders and ethicality in Kenya. Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2014. doi:10.4324/9780203383940
Journal Article: Gender and food security in a fair, green economy?
Smith, Kiah (2012) Gender and food security in a fair, green economy?. Development, 55 1: 81-89. doi:10.1057/dev.2011.118
Journal Article: Introduction: Green economy and sustainable development, Bringing back the 'social'
Cook, Sarah and Smith, Kiah (2012) Introduction: Green economy and sustainable development, Bringing back the 'social'. Development, 55 1: 5-9. doi:10.1057/dev.2011.120
Leaving No One Behind: An investigation of the role and performance of civil society organisations in achieving the SDGs in Germany and Australia
(2020–2021) Universities Australia - Germany Joint Research Co-operation Scheme
Fair Food Futures, Civil Society and the Sustainable Development Goals
(2019–2023) ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award
Civic networks, food justice and the SDGs: designing fair food futures for Australia
(2019) UQ Early Career Researcher
How Digital Agriculture innovations are impacting rural communities: A comparative analysis across agricultural technologies
Doctor Philosophy
Agri-food transformations in Australia: the role of Australian financial intermediaries
View all Supervision
Financialisation in Australia: Honours project 2018
I am currently looking to bring an Honours (Sociology/Social Science) student onto our ARC project team (with Prof. Geoffrey Lawrene) for 2018. The focus will to develop a case study on Financialisation of Food and Farming in Australia. Please contact me directly for more details.
View all Available Projects
The resilience of long and short food chains: a case study of flooding in Queensland, Australia
Food Systems Failure: Can we Avert Future Crises?
Ethical trade, gender and sustainable livelihoods: women smallholders and ethicality in Kenya
Gender and food security in a fair, green economy?
Introduction: Green economy and sustainable development, Bringing back the 'social'
The Concept of 'Financialization': Criticisms and Insights
Lawrence, Geoffrey and Smith, Kiah (2018). The Concept of 'Financialization': Criticisms and Insights. In Hilde Bjorkhaug, Andre Magnan and Geoffrey Lawrence (Ed.), The Financialization of Agri-food Systems: Contested Transformations (pp. 23-41) London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
Zero Hunger discourse: neoliberal, progressive, reformist or radical?
Smith, Kiah (2018). Zero Hunger discourse: neoliberal, progressive, reformist or radical?. In Douglas H. Constance, Jason Konefal and Maki Hatanaka (Ed.), Contested sustainability discourses in the agrifood system (pp. 89-110) Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom: Taylor and Francis. doi:10.4324/9781315161297
Negotiating organic, fair and ethical trade: Lessons from smallholders in Uganda and Kenya
Smith, Kiah and Lyons, Kristen (2012). Negotiating organic, fair and ethical trade: Lessons from smallholders in Uganda and Kenya. In Christopher Rosin, Paul Stock and Hugh Campbell (Ed.), Food systems failure: The global food crisis and the future of agriculture (pp. 182-202) London, United Kingdom: Earthscan.
Audit Cultures and the Antipodes: The Implications of EurepGAP for New Zealand and Australian Agri-food Industries
Campbell, Hugh, Lawrence, Geofffrey and Smith, Kiah (2006). Audit Cultures and the Antipodes: The Implications of EurepGAP for New Zealand and Australian Agri-food Industries. In T. Marsden and J. Murdoch (Ed.), Between the Local and the Global: confronting complexity in the contemporary Agri-food sector (pp. 69-94) Oxford, England: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/S1057-1922(06)12004-1
From disaster management to adaptive governance? Governance challenges to achieving resilient food systems in Australia
Smith, Kiah and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2018) From disaster management to adaptive governance? Governance challenges to achieving resilient food systems in Australia. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 20 3: 387-401. doi:10.1080/1523908X.2018.1432344
Gendered conventions of ethical trade
Smith, Kiah (2017) Gendered conventions of ethical trade. Journal of Consumer Ethics, 1 2: 19-30.
Connecting resilience, food security and climate change: lessons from flooding in Queensland, Australia
MacMahon, Amy, Smith, Kiah and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2015) Connecting resilience, food security and climate change: lessons from flooding in Queensland, Australia. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 5 3: 378-391. doi:10.1007/s13412-015-0278-0
Ethical trade, gender and sustainable livelihoods in Kenya: mixed methods for women's participation
Smith, Kiah (2014) Ethical trade, gender and sustainable livelihoods in Kenya: mixed methods for women's participation. Sage Research Methods, . doi:10.4135/978144627305013509769
Flooding and food security: a case study of community vulnerability and resilience in Rockhampton
Smith, Kiah and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2014) Flooding and food security: a case study of community vulnerability and resilience in Rockhampton. Rural Society, 23 3: 215-227. doi:10.1080/10371656.2014.11082066
Review of Hidden Hunger: Gender and the Politics of Smarter Foods
Smith, Kiah (2014) Review of Hidden Hunger: Gender and the Politics of Smarter Foods. Journal of Development Studies, 50 7: 1039-1040. doi:10.1080/00220388.2014.922270
Submission to the Senate Committee on Recent Trends in the Preparedness for Extreme Weather Events
MacMahon, Amy, Smith, Kiah, Muller, Jane, Belesky, Paul, Lawrence, Geoffrey and Brady, M. (2013) Submission to the Senate Committee on Recent Trends in the Preparedness for Extreme Weather Events St Lucia, Qld, Australia: The University of Queensland
Green Economy or Green Society? Contestation and politics for a fair transition
Cook, Sarah , Smith, Kiah and Utting, Peter (2012) Green Economy or Green Society? Contestation and politics for a fair transition Geneva, Switzerland.: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)
Food risks, old and new demographic characteristics and perceptions of food additives, regulation and contamination in Australia
Buchler, Sandra, Smith, Kiah and Lawrence, Geoffrey (2010) Food risks, old and new demographic characteristics and perceptions of food additives, regulation and contamination in Australia. Journal of Sociology, 46 4: 353-374. doi:10.1177/1440783310384449
Supermarkets' governance of the agri-food supply chain: Is the 'corporate-environmental' food regime evident in Australia?
Smith, Kiah, Lawrence, Geoffrey and Richards, Carol (2010) Supermarkets' governance of the agri-food supply chain: Is the 'corporate-environmental' food regime evident in Australia?. International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 17 2: 140-161.
Other Outputs
Contesting 'ethicality': Ethical trade, gender and sustainable livelihoods for smallholder farmers in Kenya
Kiah Smith (2011). Contesting 'ethicality': Ethical trade, gender and sustainable livelihoods for smallholder farmers in Kenya PhD Thesis, School of Social Science, The University of Queensland.
Grants (Administered at UQ)
PhD and MPhil Supervision
Doctor Philosophy — Associate Advisor
Other advisors:
Professor Kristen Lyons
Emeritus Professor Geoffrey Lawrence
Possible Research Projects
Note for students: The possible research projects listed on this page may not be comprehensive or up to date. Always feel free to contact the staff for more information, and also with your own research ideas.
ResearcherID: C-8317-2014
Scopus ID: 7410184252
Personal Profile: Link
Dr Heather Smyth
Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences


text:
April 1, 2012 | John Bayles | On the Way to the Cross (John 12:12-19)
Isaiah 53:6 states, "We all, like sheep, have gone astray, each of us has turned to his own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all." Who are these people? What do they think is happening? What are their expectations? Who do they think Jesus is? What do they think he is doing? Where do they think he is going? And what is he trying to accomplish?
The answers are found in today's text. As we look at the various people John mentions and try to understand the role they played in this moment in the passion of Jesus, we will discover that the words of Isaiah ring true even hundreds of years after he penned them. The conclusion, Jesus was the only one who knew what he was doing, where he was going, and for whom he was living... and dying.
April 29, 2012 | John Bayles | Calling to the Serv...
April 22, 2012 | John Bayles | Calling to the Over...
April 15, 2012 | Art Sanborn | International Adven...
April 8, 2012 | Easter Sunday | John Bayles | O De...
April 1, 2012 | John Bayles | On the Way to the Cr...


text:
Interpol is involved in proving the death of Michael Broole
Stephan Terry June 19, 2021 2 min read
According to Judge Sebastian Broolk, the death of Michael Broole still requires official confirmation. The court did not trust the documents presented by the defense attorney in this case, Mr. Charles Broch.
When we say that a file is closed, we must have proof that the person is dead , Explains Michael Broole's lawyer. The documents I sent were, frankly, unsatisfactory DBCPDirector of Criminal and Penal Cases.
All of the documents provided by M Broch to attorney Valerie Lahai are from Michael Broole's brother. These are the death certificate, burial certificate and copies of the police report, all written in Portuguese, explains Mr. Brochu.
M Valerie Lahai, Advocate for the Director of Criminal and Penal Cases (DPCP)
Photo: Radio-Canada
Mr. Lahai needs a document from the embassy or the Brazilian government stating that Michael Brule is actually dead.
An excerpt from:M Charles Brooch, lawyer for Michael Broole
Unexpected death in Brazil
The founder of Les Intouchable Editions is said to have lost his life while cycling in the mountains of Guarabari.
He reportedly lost control of his bike before going down a steep slope and colliding with a tree. Since his burial took place on Brazilian soil at the behest of his relatives, Canada was unable to repatriate his remains.
The cyclist is said to have hit a tree after losing control of his bicycle.
Photo: Courtesy / FTEMPOREAL.COM
The Crown asked Interpol to cooperate in proving the death of Michael Broole. While awaiting official evidence for his death, the culprit is presumed not to be at his trial.
See also Melissa Paredes returns as host to LIVE 'Mujeres al Mando', despite being rejected in a poll by Latina Entertainment | Performances
After the court placed him Convicted of sexual assault last October, Michael Bruley took a plane to join his brother, who owns an inn in Brazil.
Initially, his lawyer said the publisher wanted to spend the holidays there. The origin of the Brazilian variant and the closure of the borders on which it succeeded would have prevented it from returning to the country.
Had it not been for the epidemic, he would have returned before then. Even those who suspected his death could tell on my cell phone, by text, that he had returned the tickets he had bought in May.
Michael Bruley did not appear at an earlier hearing on May 26, saying the poor quality of the Internet prevented him from joining the virtual court.
Michael Broole's case is scheduled to return to court on August 3.
With information from Pascal Boyne
Previous Sexual Offenses | A 25-year-old man was arrested in Longwell
Next Sink in the Saint-Foy outdoor site: The family of the dead boy wants answers


text:
Banned Chinese medicine still on sale in United Kingdom
Chinese Medicine is available for purchase in several Western countries
A Chinese medicine which was banned over 10 years ago is still on sale in the United Kingdom. Jingzhi Kesou Tan Chaun Wan was banned in July 1999 after it was revealed that the pills can cause cancer. Over 900 bottles are currently circulated around the UK.
The distributor of the pills, Ekong International (UK) Ltd., recalled the medicine last month, but only received a quarter of the shipment back. The pills are sold in white bottles with approximately 180 pills per pack.
The shipment of the banned medicine arrived from China with an English label placed over the original Chinese version with the symbol for Aristolochia, a banned and highly dangerous toxic genus of plants.
Head of herbal policy at the MHRA, Richard Woodfield released a statement saying that "Aristolochia is a highly toxic plant that can cause serious injury and even death if taken. I would strongly advise anyone who has used this product to stop taking it and to immediately consult their doctor."
Last month a criminal court in Britain heard how a woman developed cancer and kidney failure after taking pills containing Aristolochia.
"Banned Chinese medicine still on sale" — BBC News Online, March 29, 2010
"Banned Chinese Medicine Circulating In The UK" — Pharmaceutical Online, March 30, 2010
Retrieved from "https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Banned_Chinese_medicine_still_on_sale_in_United_Kingdom&oldid=1179175"
Mike Smith (Wikinewsie)


It was officially announced during Toonami's Pre-Flight program, and not as an April Fool's joke, that the highly popular series, Hunter x Hunter, will be coming on the Saturday night block. It will be replacing the current series Parasyte once that series ends and will be taking over its time slot at 1 AM.
Just recently at C2E2, the English dub for the series was announced by anime company Viz Media. This dub will be first heard during its time on the Toonami.
This is a much requested show but viewers and fans of the show. I haven't seen it personally but I look forward to this when it finally airs. Are you also excited for Hunter x Hunter premiering on US Television. Let us know in the comments below.


text:
Das Bennie Museum ist ein Museum in der schottischen Stadt Bathgate in der Council Area West Lothian. Das traditionelle Cottage, in welchem es eingerichtet ist, wurde 1998 in die schottischen Denkmallisten in der Denkmalkategorie C aufgenommen.

Ausstellung
Das 1989 eröffnete Museum wird von einem gemeinnützigen Verein betrieben. Das kleine Museum befasst sich mit der Lokalgeschichte Bathgates. Es sind verschiedene Themengebiete abgedeckt, in denen sowohl alltägliche Gegenstände aus vergangenen Jahrhunderten als auch Werkzeuge aus der regionalen Industriegeschichte gezeigt werden. Ergänzend werden geschichtliche Informationen zu den Themengebieten gegeben.

Beschreibung
Das Bennie Museum liegt an der Mansefield Street im Zentrum von Bathgate. Die ältesten Teile der langgezogenen Reihe an Cottages stammt aus dem 18. Jahrhundert. Die jüngsten wurden spätestens Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts errichtet. Die Einzelgebäude wurde zu einer Einheit zusammengefasst. Das Satteldach des einstöckigen, traufständigen Gebäudes ist mit roten Dachziegeln eingedeckt. Lediglich ein kleiner Streifen oberhalb der Traufe ist mit Schiefer eingedeckt. 1988, mit der Einrichtung des Museums, wurde das Gebäude restauriert.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Netzpräsenz des Museums

Kategorie-C-Bauwerk in West Lothian
Wohngebäude in West Lothian
Erbaut im 18. Jahrhundert
Umgenutztes Bauwerk in Schottland
Heimatmuseum in Schottland
Bathgate
Gegründet 1989
Organisation (West Lothian)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Face
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        private string key;
        private string secret;
        private bool isRun;
        private int sleep;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            key = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["key"];
            secret = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["secret"];
            isRun = false;
            sleep = 1;
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            OpenFileDialog open = new OpenFileDialog();
            if (open.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                label1.Text = open.FileName;
                pictureBox1.Image = new Bitmap(open.FileName);
                Compare(pictureBox1.Image, pictureBox2.Image);
            }
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            OpenFileDialog open = new OpenFileDialog();
            if (open.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                label2.Text = open.FileName;
                pictureBox2.Image = new Bitmap(open.FileName);
                Compare(pictureBox1.Image, pictureBox2.Image);
            }
        }

        private void Compare(Image img1, Image img2)
        {
            var url = "https://api-cn.faceplusplus.com/facepp/v3/compare";
            if (img1 != null && img2 != null)
            {
                var form = new NameValueCollection();
                form.Add("api_key", key);
                form.Add("api_secret", secret);
                form.Add("image_base64_1", GetImgBase64(img1));
                form.Add("image_base64_2", GetImgBase64(img2));

                using (var client = new WebClient())
                {
                    var result = client.UploadValues(url, form);
                    var str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(result);
                    WriteLog(str);
                }
            }
        }

        delegate void DelegateWriteLog(string msg);
        /// <summary>
        /// 写日志
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="msg"></param>
        private void WriteLog(string msg)
        {
            if (richTextBox1.InvokeRequired)
            {
                richTextBox1.Invoke(new DelegateWriteLog(WriteLog), msg);
            }
            else
            {
                richTextBox1.AppendText("[" + DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss") + "]["+Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId+"]" + msg + "\r\n");
                richTextBox1.ScrollToCaret();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 对图片进行Base64编码,返回编码后的字符串
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="img"></param>
        /// <returns>Base64编码</returns>
        private string GetImgBase64(Image img)
        {
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                img.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg);
                byte[] arr = new byte[ms.Length];
                ms.Position = 0;
                ms.Read(arr, 0, (int)ms.Length);
                return Convert.ToBase64String(arr);
            }
        }

        private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (isRun)
            {
                isRun = false;
            }
            else
            {
                if (textBox1.Text == string.Empty)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("请选择图片文件路径");
                    return;
                }

                sleep = (int)numericUpDown2.Value;
                for (var i = 0; i < numericUpDown1.Value; i++)
                {
                    Thread thread = new Thread(Exec);
                    thread.IsBackground = true;
                    thread.Start();
                }
                isRun = true;
            }
            if (isRun)
            {
                button3.Text = "停止压力测试";
            }
            else
            {
                button3.Text = "启动压力测试";
            }
        }

        private void Exec()
        {
            var path = textBox1.Text;
            var images = Directory.GetFiles(path);
            Random random = new Random();

            while (isRun)
            {
                try
                {
                    var img1 = new Bitmap(images[random.Next(0, images.Length)]);
                    var img2 = new Bitmap(images[random.Next(0, images.Length)]);

                    Compare(img1, img2);

                    //百度测试 旧接口
                    //string regist_Face = BaiduFace.FaceRegist("123", img1);
                    //WriteLog(regist_Face);
                    //string asdad = BaiduFace.IdentifyFace(img2);
                    //WriteLog(asdad);

                    Thread.Sleep(sleep);

                }
                catch(Exception ex)
                {
                    WriteLog(ex.Message);
                }
            }
        }

        private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            FolderBrowserDialog dialog = new FolderBrowserDialog();
            dialog.Description = "请选择文件路径";
            if (dialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                textBox1.Text = dialog.SelectedPath;
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


It's a common practice for brides to remain unseen by their grooms on the wedding day -- of course, that is, until she walks down the aisle.
In a similar vein, grooms-to-be aren't supposed to see their future wives in their wedding dresses until the actual wedding.
Combined, these traditions amount to a ton of suspense -- and excited curiosity -- prior to the reveal on the big day.
Mitchell Reilly Pictures came up with a brilliant idea: It created a montage video capturing grooms' reactions upon seeing their brides for the first time.
From surprised and awestruck to full-on teary, the men's reactions are positively moving, and this video will make you "aww" harder than anything you've ever seen.
Get the tissues ready and check it out up top.


text:
Akron/Family Love Is Simple
By Chris Whibbs
Leading the nouveau hippy charge, Akron/Family are known for their creative unconventionality and the fact that nothing really sounds alike. Believers in tapping into some unknown creative force, their weird chemistry is amazing to behold live and even better when they turn down their predilection for skronk-y weirdness. Well, bless the Earth, this is their most beautiful, energetic and streamlined album to date, but there are still some sonic surprises. Putting their group singing and roots-y harmonies through a good workout, they throw things into the stratosphere with the galloping "Ed Is A Portal" and the catchy-as-hell, classic rock-influenced "I've Got Some Friends." Indeed, the band's dichotomy between sun-dappled folk and ripping guitar rock is best seen on standout "There's So Many Colors," which starts aimlessly enough before the guitars start wailing away with the band's flawless vocal harmonies around the halfway mark. If you've been wary of Akron/Family, this is the album for you. Not only does it cut to the heart of this vibrantly original band but it is also a damn fine record that sets fire to the senses. (Young God)
More Akron/Family
Akron/Family "Another Sky" Live from Hillside
As we near the end of the year, we're looking back at the various festivals we've covered and presented over the past year. The 30th anniver...
Akron/Family's Seth Olinsky and Ali Beletic Launch New Tape Label, Line Up Releases from Deerhoof's Greg Saunier, Boredoms' Shinji Masuko, Wooden Wand
Akron/Family's Seth Olinsky is getting into another side of the music biz, having announced he's founded a new record label with conceptual...
Akron/Family Island Stage, Guelph ON, July 27
Experimental rock quartet Akron/Family put quality over quantity during their Hillside set, making the most of their brief stage time by pla...
Akron/Family / Absolutely Free Il Motore, Montreal QC, April 20
Non-standard rockers and ex-DD/MM/YYYY Absolutely Free got the ball rolling without saying a word or giving the impression they were about t...
Akron/Family "Until the Morning"
There's still a couple of months left before Akron/Family drop their next LP, Sub Verses, on April 30 through Dead Oceans, but the band have...