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How To Be an AEDP Supervisee: Get Ready To Be Transformed Molly Morgan, LCSW Certified AEDP Therapist and Supervisor
How To Be an AEDP Supervisee:
Get Ready To Be Transformed
Molly Morgan, LCSW
Certified AEDP Therapist and Supervisor
AEDP supervision is different from traditional psychotherapy supervision. AEDP is a model of radical change; learning it will change you radically. As I remember my early experiences as an AEDP supervisee, fresh from the inaugural 2010 Essential Skills course, I don't think I fully understood what I was getting in to. Like many of you when I watched faculty videos, something inside of me dropped and opened. There was a click of recognition (Fosha, 2000, 2009): Yes! This feels exactly right! This is how healing happens and how people change.
But what exactly is it? What are they doing? It looked like so little and so much at the same time. How do I learn to do that? Triangles and charts to decipher and digest, and so many feelings swirling inside too. How do I balance left-brain learning of the four-state, three-state transformations map, the phenomenology and languaging, and also cultivate right-brain skills of slowing down, moment-to-moment tracking, deepening and building capacity to be with deep affective material? How do I learn to feel into the patient/therapist relationship, and then be brave enough to make it explicit? And when I ask my patient "How are we doing?" am I not erroneously and uncomfortably calling attention to me, the therapist? Is that intrusive? Will my patient hate me for asking, "What's that like?" several dozen times a session? What do I do when my patient says she feels absolutely nothing in her body, and then asks, with disdain or annoyance, why exactly do I want to know?
Like AEDP therapy, AEDP supervision is bottom up, experiential and transformational. Yes, the theory, state map, triangles and phenomenology are foundational. Rest assured that they will become clearer with time. Fundamentally, learning to be an AEDP therapist is learning more deeply about you. The best way to learn is to have an experience of AEDP as an AEDP supervisee. What happens inside you when you feel blocked or stuck with a patient? What happens for you when your patient is defensive and pushes you away, or is deep into State Two pain, anger or grief? How is it for you when your patient expresses gratitude or love for you? And when your supervisor affirms you, or offers a teaching point, how does that feel inside?
AEDP asks that we be our authentic selves in an authentic relationship, therapist/patient and supervisee/supervisor. Inevitably the places where we struggle while learning AEDP are linked to where we struggle in life. Likewise, AEDP supervision offers opportunities to uncover and transform your sticky spots—outdated beliefs, behaviors or ways of being that get in the way of you being fully you. As you learn to be an AEDP therapist your capacities to be with deep affective experiences—both yours and others'—will expand. Your relational capacities will deepen: Your awareness, tolerance, and experience of intimacy, closeness and distance, safety and attunement. As you experience and reflect on the changes within the safety of a secure supervisee/supervisor alliance, you are likely to have a fuller and more satisfying experience of yourself.
Now as I sit with my supervisees I appreciate the multiple levels of learning involved with becoming an AEDP therapist. There is an alchemy to the process that involves learning the skills, practicing and feeling into the practice, and then reflecting, preferably with a trusted and true other AEDP supervisor. There are waves of experiencing and reflecting, just like in AEDP therapy (Fosha, 2000).
AEDP encourages you to be you, to internalize and metabolize the theory and skills and then bring yourself fully to your practice. The learning process also will be somewhat unique to you. It begins with noticing, affirming and feeling into what is good and right, the things that you are doing well as an AEPD therapist. Then from a resourced, Self-at-Best state, and in the safety of secure attachment, catching the wave of excitement and inspiration to be curious and explore. What could I have said or done with this patient here, and how would that feel? Why didn't I say or do that? Can I notice and stay with this feeling of sadness (anger, joy, shame, etc.) right now with my supervisor?
To help you navigate the learning process the following is a primer of sorts on how to be an AEDP supervisee. It includes some how-to tips, as well as food for thought regarding what kind of supervisee you want to be. I hope that it helps to demystify the process, and also whets your appetite and inspires you to dive in.
Slow Down, Notice, Stay
By now you know the foundational AEDP essential skills: Slow down, notice, stay with and track emerging somatic and affective experience. The same is true with AEDP supervision, as illustrated in the vignette below.
Supervisee: (anxious and speaking quickly) I don't know how to deal with M's (an adolescent patient) mother. She is so anxious. She calls me after every session and keeps me on the phone for a long time. She says she wants me to give M concrete skills and then she wants to know how long it's going to take for him to get better. I don't know what to say to her. What skills should I be teaching him? What should I tell her?
Supervisor: (speaking slowly) And if we slow down (pause) and notice (pause) what's happening inside right now as you're telling me?
Supervisee: She makes me so anxious. She wants a quick fix and I don't know what to tell her.
Supervisor: And inside, you feel…?
Supervisee: (big sigh) My heart is beating fast, and I feel tight in my throat.
Supervisor: Notice that. (long pause)
Supervisee: Actually I think a part of me is terrified. I'm terrified she'll think I'm not doing a good job and that she'll be angry with me.
Supervisor: Uhmmm..Is it OK if we stay with that?
The supervisor privileges the supervisee's experience in the moment, rather than attending first to the content and the question the supervisee presents. Together they slow down and pay attention to what is happening now, and thus the supervisee's anxiety begins to evolve and transform:
Supervisor: What are you noticing now?
Supervisee: Actually, now I'm feeling pretty annoyed and pissed off.
Supervisor: Hmm. Notice that.
Supervisee: She's so intrusive. I know it comes from her own anxiety but I just want to tell her to back off.
Supervisor: Yes. (said emphatically to help up-regulate emerging anger energy) Tell her! What would you say?
Encouraged by the supervisor, the supervisee launches into an anger portrayal toward her patient's mother. Experiencing and embodying her anger with an affirming other mobilizes healthy assertion, adaptive action. As her wave of anger recedes, she asserts that she wants better boundaries with the patient's mother and begins to strategize concrete plans, including limiting phone conversations and providing a referral for the mother to get her own treatment and support. Rather than being told what to do, the supervisee has accessed the answers inside herself. Her presenting anxiety is transformed, and a sort of clinical self-righting system has been activated. She knows how to move forward with her patient, and the supervision process allows her to discover it from within. As they metaprocess, the supervisee feels pride and mastery; Yes, that feels right. That's the way to move forward. I can do that. That feels better. Her supervisor affirms and encourages, Yes, stay with that. How does that feel, to know that you know how to move forward? The supervisee begins to embody a felt sense of confidence and clinical competence.
Your clinical questions and concerns are important and warrant your supervisor's direct attention. Similar to AEDP therapy, slowing down, noticing and affirming emerging experience facilitates access to innate knowing. As with our patients, the process of being guided inside to discover inherent strengths and resources builds self-efficacy and agency, a sense of "Yes, I can do this!" From that state, Self-at-Best, learning and growing flow with ease.
Let Go of Getting It Right
For many of us, learning AEDP involves unlearning clinical habits or old ways of being. Add to that that AEDP requires a willingness to be open and vulnerable with our patients, to be our fallible human selves. It's a tall order. Can you let go of being an A+ student? Do you know that inevitably, no matter how experienced and adept, we all will get it wrong at times? In fact, mistakes offer powerful lessons if we can remain open.
I remember showing video in a group supervision of a patient who presented with unrelenting anger. Emotion, this is great, I had thought, and I had diligently attempted to deepen: "Where do you feel it in your body? Notice that. What's it like to feel it with me, etc." I kept going for several rounds, and we got nowhere, just unsatisfying loops around the patient's stuck narrative. "What could I have done differently?" I asked my supervisor. She responded, "We don't deepen defenses." Aha, and of course! My patient's anger was defensive and not core. I felt shame, and because it was a close and safe group, I miraculously was able to stay present, blush, and fess up to how stupid I felt. My shame was met with compassionate "uhmmms," and then transformed into excitement. Aha! The unsatisfactory looping made perfect sense, and now I had a reference point inside—that frustrating, dead-end feeling—a marker to help me distinguish core affect from defense.
What is it like for you when your supervisor offers a teaching point? Notice whether your vision narrows and your system wants to shut down. Mine did, on several occasions as I was learning AEDP. Notice, and try not to judge yourself. Can you take a deep breath and perhaps let your supervisor know what you're feeling? Or, if in a group supervision, how does it feel if your supervisor praises your colleagues work? Is there a part of you that keeps score? Can you also notice that part with compassion and kindness rather than self-judgment? It is human to compare ourselves to others. We just don't want to get stuck there. Sometimes, simply naming it, and being met with compassion, is all it takes to get unstuck.
Inevitably we all have critical, self-deprecating parts that will get activated when we are vulnerable, risk and stretch to learn something new. Learning AEDP will provide opportunities to befriend, embrace and melt those harsh internal voices. How familiar are you with your own shame narratives? What activates them? And what do you do when they pop up? The trick is to be aware, notice, give them space, get to know them. And keep them in perspective. You are not alone; we all have our own unique versions of shame. Can you share yours with your supervisors and colleagues to undo your aloneness, and theirs? Can you acknowledge the courage it takes to stretch and learn AEDP? Can you trust that you are exactly where you are meant to be in your AEDP learning curve? And in the next moment you will be in a new and different place.
AEDP is fundamentally and theoretically grounded in being imperfectly human. No one can be perfectly attuned and responsive to another; relational disruption is inevitable. We know from the attachment literature that secure attachment is both earned and strengthened via reiterative cycles of attunement, rupture and repair (Beebe & Lachmann, 1994; Tronick, 1989). What matters is the attachment figure's genuine and explicit leanings for repair, and his/her empathic responsiveness to the other's needs in the moment (Lipton & Fosha, 2011; Russell, 2015).
When we are miss-attuned there is an opportunity to explicitly explore the rupture, to repair, to provide a corrective relational experience, and perhaps heal painful, historic relational dynamics (Ladany et al. 2012; Lipton & Fosha, 2011). Careful moment-to-moment tracking and routine metaprocessing (foundational AEDP skills) ensure that we always have a feedback mechanism to help us know what our patient is experiencing, and thus inform us how to move forward. In AEDP the unit of intervention is the intervention and its impact on the patient (Fosha, 2000). If, during metaprocessing, we discover that something is not landing well there is an opportunity to explore why. Our sincere, heart-felt inquiry and exploration into how we got it wrong is a powerful message to our patients: Your feelings and your experience really matter to me, even if I am the cause of your pain. It can be exactly what is needed: The longed-for corrective relational experience (Ladany et al., 2012).
What's it like now, potential AEDP supervisee, to know that not getting it right can be just right therapeutically?
Focus on We
Like AEDP therapy, with AEDP supervision the relationship is the vehicle for transformation (Prenn & Fosha, 2017). That means that we feel into and talk openly about how we are doing together, in this moment now. Your supervisor aims to be a secure attachment figure: kind, wise, steady, brave, emotionally available and explicitly helping and generous with their AEDP knowledge. The supervisor is both creating a secure base from which to stretch and explore, and modeling the stance of an AEDP therapist (Prenn & Fosha, 2017).
Supervisor: How are we doing so far?
Supervisee: Good.
Supervisor: What feels good?
Supervisee: It's good. I mean, you're helping me.
Supervisor: What's that like, to have me here to help you?
Supervisee: It's good. (long pause)
Supervisor: And inside, the good feels…? [The supervisor persists.]
Supervisee: GOOD! [Her fourth "good" and she says it with emphasis. We have a good laugh together, dyadic resonance.]
Supervisor: What's it like that I'm AEDP-ing you like this? (playfully)
Supervisee: It's good. I'm thinking it's good because this is what I need to do with this client. You're modeling for me exactly what I need to do.
Supervisor: Say more?
Supervisee: I mean, you're focusing on the positive, and it makes me feel like I'm doing ok. It feels like I could show you anything, it's ok to be vulnerable.
Supervisor: Hmm..and that feels…?
Supervisee: I'm realizing that that's what this client really needs. She needs affirming. And then you're asking me about how we are doing and I don't really know how safe she (the patient) feels with me. I think she does, but I haven't asked her. I need to do more of that.
Supervisor: How does that feel, all of that?
Supervisee: Good. Now I can't wait to see her again and to try some of this. I'm excited about that.
What is it like for you when your supervisor asks "how are we doing?"? Perhaps it helps you to stay present and grounded in the moment with your supervisor as you delve into your cases. What if it feels intrusive or uncomfortable? How will it feel to fess up that you feel criticized, ashamed, angry or annoyed? Maybe you can feel accompanied, comforted and not alone in your clinical explorations, concerns or difficult patients. Can you take in your supervisor's deep listening, affirming and care for you and your patient? And then bring back to your treatment room, with your patient, that felt sense of being seen, understood and affirmed? How does that impact how you are with your patients and your work with them?
Several years back the wife of a patient in treatment with me abruptly committed suicide in a horrifying way, leaving him with three young children. Needless to say, my patient and I were devastated, and I cycled through a range of feelings: grief, self-doubt, anger, fear for my patient and his kids, worry about what to do for my patient, etc. I brought it all to my supervision group, the full gamut of what I was feeling, and I was met and held with compassion and comfort. The group did for me exactly what I needed to do for my patient. They welcomed and listened to all of me and my feelings with care and empathy. They showed me and gave me an experience of it; the doing was in the being with. In turn I could be with the full gamut of my patient's experience. Supervisee/supervisor group, therapist/patient, our capacities to be together and to be with deep emotional material expanded, and through many months I held my patient as I was held by that group.
Risk Being Vulnerable
The feeling of safety, fostered by the bond with a trusted companion counteracts fear (alarm/anxiety), promotes exploration and risk-taking, and fosters a full affective experience(Fosha, 2000, p. 47, bold font added).
As a supervisee you want to feel safe, to have an experience of secure attachment, and then to know you are having an experience and to reflect on it. How will you know? Do you feel accepted, affirmed and at times delighted in? What messages, implicit and explicit are you getting from your supervisor? Are you hearing that you are just fine where you are on the AEDP learning curve? Are your questions and concerns met with warmth, care, appropriate gravitas, and explicit efforts to adequately address them? As you experience, internalize and metaprocess the experience of secure attachment in supervision, you will develop a reference point inside that will help guide you in creating secure attachment with your patients.
Fundamentally a supervisee/supervisor relationship is hierarchical. It's a leader/follower, teacher/student framework with an inherent power differential; the supervisor is the authority, which leaves the learner more open to vulnerability. While overall attachment style leanings play into the supervisory relationship, often it's your prior experiences in similar relationships that dictate the attachment dynamics that arise in supervisory relationships (Fraley, 2007; Wrape, Callahan, Rieck, & Watkins, 2017).
Given a student/teacher framework, what interpersonal dynamics might emerge for you? How do your beliefs about yourself and the other in a teacher/student context impact your emotions, regulation strategies and behaviors? Given your history, what are your expectations of yourself and the other (supervisor/teacher/leader)? Perhaps you learned that it is safer to fly under the radar and thus better to avoid sharing your most difficult clinical moments or most challenging patients to avoid embarrassment and shame. Or are your expectations such that you are often disappointed or let down by teachers/leaders/supervisors? Perhaps you have learned that authority figures are not to be challenged and it's better to avoid conflict. We all have our own unique narratives based on our unique histories. The goal is to notice, to be aware, to be-friend without judging ourselves. Then perhaps get curious about behaving differently.
Exploring, seeking and playing are perhaps as crucial for our adaptation and survival as safety. Risk-taking, when met with support, affirmation, and genuine engagement, leads to new learning, which, in turn leads to positive vitalizing, mutually enlivening and expansive experiences (Prenn & Fosha, 2017, pp.21-22).
AEDP therapy and supervision privilege the positive (Fosha, 2000, 2004, 2009). We notice, affirm and expand what is good and going well, between supervisee/supervisor and therapist/patient. Tracking and affirming create safety and positive feelings of interest, pride, mastery and dyadic resonance, which inspire more risking and learning. When we feel good about ourselves we are open to learning, and in turn, learning helps us feel good about ourselves. Our confidence and competence expand, which in turn impact efficacy with our patients, and that feels good too.
Barbara Fredrickson (2009, 2013) and others from the field of positive psychology (Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005; Seligman, 2011) assert that experiencing and savoring positive emotions—interest, hope, pride, amusement, love, joy, serenity—feels good and does good things for you, including enhancing learning and creativity, strengthening interpersonal bonds and bolstering your immune system (Fredrickson, 2009; Frederickson & Branigan, 2005). Fredrickson's research shows that positive emotions, or what she calls positivity, broadens your thought/action repertoire: Interest might inspire learning and deeper curiosity, joy the urge to play, and love the urge to connect with and appreciate others. Positivity literally expands our peripheral vision, opens us up to new ideas, and allows us to see and consider possibilities that we might otherwise be blind to. In turn, new ideas, learnings, interpersonal and intra-personal connections expand our intellectual, physical, intrapsychic and social resources. Fredrickson (2009, 2013) describes it as an ever-expanding upward spiral of vibrancy, health and flourishing.
Supervisor: How are you doing right now?
Supervisee: I'm ok. I'm kind of like, I don't know. I'm constantly amazed by this model. I mean, it connects so deeply (tears).
Supervisor: And the feeling inside?
Supervisee: I feel good. I mean calm, uhm, relieved, peaceful.
Supervisor: Ummm…
Supervisee: I don't feel any of that tension that I felt beforehand. And that is so not how my supervision has felt in the past. Is this normally how supervision goes for people in AEDP? [We laugh together; dyadic resonance.]
Supervisor: What feels different? [making the implicit explicit]
Supervisee: Uhnm…instead of feeling inadequate and overwhelmed, I feel like, calm and encouraged, and like confident. Which again, is the opposite of what I used to feel.
Supervisor: Wow, encouraged and confident. Can you really let yourself be with that, inside?
Supervisee: (laughing) Yes, that feels good. That feels really good.
In the process of radical change, we become more ourselves than ever before, and recognize ourselves to be so (Fosha, 2005).
Ultimately, learning AEDP inspires what many of us have described as a homecoming. We come home to a deeper, fuller sense of our self, one that we knew was there all along. And we experience that self as just right, perfectly imperfect, exactly where we are meant to be right now. It feels good and right, which in turn inspires more connecting, learning, growing, risk taking. AEDP is a gift that keeps on giving. Are you ready to dive in?
I am including three appendices on more practical matters of videotaping, preparing for supervision, and creating a "growth" mindset.
Appendix I. How to Start Videotaping
Videotaping can be un-nerving at first, but you and your patients will get used to it very quickly. If you're hesitant about asking patients to videotape (and most of us are at first), start with the patient you feel most comfortable with, or with a new patient. Act with confidence and clarity. If you are at all tentative, chances are your patient will feel uncertain too. With new patients I say over the phone, I videotape my patients, so they have a chance to think about it before our first session. At other times, I bring up videotaping in the first session. With patients you are already seeing, you could say something like: I am videotaping my patients now.
I then say: I watch the videos in between sessions and it informs how we work together. Sometimes I share the videos with my supervisor, and she supports me in learning new ways to support you. Confidentiality is important to me so I am very careful about not sharing potentially identifying information. You of course have the option to opt out of videotaping. If you're ok with it I'll need you to sign this release.
Once you have video, what's it like to watch as you prepare for meeting with your supervisor? Can you cultivate a witness consciousness, a neutral-observer part that can observe and be curious without judging? Notice when your inner critic shows up. Can you allow some room for that part, and also not inhabit it? Notice that voice, and also notice that it is just a part of you, not all of you.
Appendix II. AEDP Supervision: How to Prepare and What to Expect
Plan to show 20 minutes or less of tape. Check in with yourself as to why you are choosing that patient and section of tape to present.
What kind of help do you want and need? Do you have specific clinical questions and concerns, or questions regarding AEDP theory or interventions?
How will you articulate and ask for the help you are seeking? What can you say if you are not sure what you need?
How secure is your alliance with this patient?
In the taped sections you are presenting, where is your patient on the triangle of experience?
How are you feeling about you patient? Close and connected? Distant and pushed away? How does that make you feel, and how does that impact your choice of interventions?
How do you want to feel about yourself during supervision?
How do you want to feel when you leave?
Appendix III. Cultivate a "Growth" Mindset
What you believe (perhaps unconsciously) about your abilities to learn, grow and change can impact how you learn AEDP. Carol Dweck (2008) and her colleagues studied hundreds of students and learners and concluded that how you perceive your abilities directly impacts your motivation, your ability to persist in the face of setbacks, and your overall achievement. People who maintained what Dweck calls a "growth" mindset believe that their intelligence and abilities can grow and be developed. People with a "fixed" mindset believe that they were born with certain traits and abilities and they are fixed and unchangeable. Not surprisingly a growth mindset leads to higher enthusiasm and resilience and overall achievement.
Watch for a fixed-mindset reaction when you face challenges in your learning. Do you feel overly anxious, or does a voice in your head warn you away? Do you feel incompetent or defeated? Remind yourself that the major factor in whether people achieve expertise is not some fixed prior ability, but purposeful engagement.
Beebe, B., & Lachmann, F. M. (1994). Representation and internalization in infancy: Three principles of salience. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 11, 127-165.
Dweck, C.S. (2008). Mindset: The new psychology of success. New York: Ballantine Books.
Ladany, N., Inman, A.G., Hill, C. E., Knox, S., Crook-Lyon, R.E., Thompson, B.J., Burkard, A.W., Hess, S.A., Williams, E.N. & Walker, J.A. (2012). Corrective relational experiences in supervision. Transformation in psychotherapy: corrective experiences across cognitive behavioral, humanistic, and psychodynamic approaches. L.G. Castonguay & C.E. Hill (Eds). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Lipton, B., & Fosha, D. (2011). Attachment as a transformative process in AEDP: Operationalizing the intersection of attachment theory and affective neuroscience. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 21 (3), 253-279.
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 803-55.
Fosha, D. (2000). The transforming power of affect: A model for accelerated change. New York: Basic Books.
Fosha, D. (2004). "Nothing that feels bad is ever the last step:" The role of positive emotions in experiential work with difficult emotional experiences. Special issue on Emotion, L. Greenberg (Ed.), Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11, 30-43.
Fosha, E. (2005). Emotion, true self, true other, core state: toward a clinical theory of affective change processes. Psychoanalytical Review, 92 (4), 513-552.
Fosha D. (2009). Emotion and recognition at work: Energy, vitality, pleasure, truth, desire, the emergent phenomenology of transformational experience. In D. Fosha, D. J. Siegel & M. F. Solomon (Eds.), The healing power of emotion: Affective neuroscience, development, clinical practice (Chapter 7, pp 172-203). New York: Norton.
Frayley, R.C. (2007). A connectionist approach to the organization and continuity of working models of attachment. Journal of Personality, 75, 1157-1180.
Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cognition and Emotion, 19, 313-32.
Fredrickson, B. (2009). Posititivity. New York: Crown Publishing Group.
Fredrickson, B. (2013). Love 2.0: Finding Happiness and Health in Moments of Connection. New York: Penguin Press.
Prenn, N.& Fosha, D. ( (2017). Supervision essentials for accelerated experiential dynamic psychotherapy.Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Russell, E. (2015). Restoring resilience: Discovering your client's capacity for healing. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Seligman, M.E.P. (2011). Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Tronick, E. Z. (1989). Emotions and emotional communications in infants. American Psychologist, 44, 112-119.
Wrape, E. R., Callahan, J. L., Rieck, T., & Watkins, C. E. Jr. (2017). Attachment theory within clinical supervision: Application of the conceptual to the empirical. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 31, 1.


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John Terry Is Leaving Chelsea
Sean Farlow
Chelsea defender John Terry will leave the club at the end of the season after he was told they would not be renewing his contract.
The 35 year old defender, who has been with the club for 21 years, was told about the decision before the 1-0 victory over Arsenal. The Chelsea legend said it's not going to be a fairytale ending and that he is not going to retire with the club. He says he would have loved to stay at the club but they're moving in a different direction.
Terry is not 100 percent done with the club just yet, he was told that things could change if a new coach came in. As we all know by now, Mourinho was fired last month and replaced by Guus Hiddink.
Terry made his senior debut in 1998 and was selected as captain six years later. He has been part of Chelsea's success these last few years, winning a number of trophies. Terry has helped the club win four EPL titles, five FA Cups, three league cups, one Europe League and one Champions League. He was also the captain for England before he retired three years ago.
He doesn't want to play for another EPL club, so he could be moving to another league next season.
Chelsea's season has been a disaster so far, the club is far away from Champions League spots for the next campaign. Last season, it was a different story as the club only lost a few games and had a nice lead going into the final games of the league.
Mourinho was fired a few weeks ago and the club could make a number of changes when the season is done. Chelsea was said to be interested in John Stones, a central defender for Everton. The team has shown improvements with Hiddink as coach, but they're still far away from the top four. Chelsea is still in the Champions League, but they will have to face PSG, the team that eliminated them last year.
Chelsea won the league last season and could still win trophies this season. The team will soon face Manchester City in the fifth round of the FA Cup. They are 14 points away from fourth place and need to keep winning to have a chance.
Is this a good decision? Who should Chelsea sign to replace Terry? Let us know in the comments.
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University graduate with a bachelor's degree in business administration. Big fan of sports teams from South FL.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


You Can Be the Next School Librarian of the Year!
If you took library science or any related course when you were in college, then you have the chance to be the next school librarian of the year. Most of the time, people do not see the real importance of the librarians in our schools. We think that their job is as easy as fixing the books. The truth is, it doesn't end there. Being librarian is as complicated as other job right there, so we really need to acknowledge the effort of librarians too!


Uploading into Coutts Online is a simple way to import a large number of payments or transfers from many different types of accounting software. This facilty is most commonally used by businesses when making large salary/supplier payments.
2. How Do I Upload A Payment File?
3. What File Types Are Compatible With Coutts Online?
4. What Types Of Payment Files Can I Upload?
5. How Do I Export A Payment File From My Accounting Software?
6. What Are The Formatting Requirements For a Payment or Transfer File?
7. How Will An Uploaded Payment or Transfer Show On My Statement?
8. What User Permissions Do I Need To Upload a File?
9. Can I Download An Example Payment or Transfer File?


I'm sorry to ask an off-topic question in this list.
>> > > several formats of the same fonts, or even if its choices are stable.
>> > the same version, it may not be deterministic, not sure.
>> That's unfortunately the case we're likely to have.
>TrueType outlines in one container.
CFF OpenType is, furthermore, too-new and exotic.
CJK font and proportional CJK font).
so using separated CFF tables for each faces would be easier.
OpenType is just the reduction of the number of font files.
What is the advantage to pack TrueType and CFF OpenType?
for an easy archiver of font files.
If I'm missing some points, please let me know.


Special event: Alcoholism and the science of addiction | Link: UCOP's e-newsletter | Stay Informed. Stay Connected.
Have you ever wondered how much alcohol is too much, or how alcohol addiction takes place? On Tuesday, April 30, join the President's Advisory Committee on the Status of Women (PACSW) for "Where do harmful drinking urges come from?," a special presentation by Frederic Hopf, Ph.D., associate professor of neurology at the UCSF Alcohol and Addiction Research Group.
Dr. Hopf will discuss the pros and cons of moderate drinking, as well as the psychological mechanisms behind alcoholism. After this talk, you will have a better understanding of the science behind addiction and safe levels of drinking, according to the latest research.
Where do harmful drinking urges come from?
Tuesday, April 30 from 12 to 1 p.m.
Alcoholism remains a pernicious and widespread public health challenge, costing more than a quarter trillion dollars and 80,000 preventable deaths in the U.S. each year.
Compulsive drinking, despite negative consequences, is a key hallmark of addiction. Researchers are working to determine whether alcohol use may cause molecular changes that lead to continued cravings, as well as how these cravings overpower knowledge of alcohol's negative effects.
Addiction brain circuits are central for anxiety, OCD and other disorders, as well as adaptive states such as emotional awareness. Researchers are working to identify new drug and behavioral therapies that may help people counteract cravings while restoring their mental and emotional balance.
The President's Advisory Committee on the Status of Women (PACSW) advances an agenda to improve the climate and opportunities for women at UCOP. Learn more.


text:
"Please someone help me." FaceTime users bombarded with group call spam | GeekComparison
FaceTime users are bombarded with group calls from numbers they've never seen before, often up to 20 times in quick succession into the wee hours of the night.
Griefs behind the jokes call as many as 31 numbers at once. When a person receiving one of the calls hangs up, another number immediately calls back. FaceTime doesn't have the ability to only accept FaceTime calls that come from people in the user's address book. It also requires that all numbers in a group call must be manually blocked to stop the call.
"I got my first facetime spam four days ago," one user reported on an Apple support forum earlier this month. "It's been non-stop, blocking over 300 numbers so far. My 3-year-old daughter accidentally answered them and went on video without a t-shirt on."
The high number of callback requests seems to be a result of other people receiving the call calling everyone back when the first call fails shortly after answering. As more and more people receive follow-up calls, they too are starting to call back.
Apple offers surprisingly few ways for users to stop the nuisance calls. As noted before, users can block numbers, but this requires manually blocking each individual person in the group conversation. That is not an effective solution for people who have dozens of group calls, often to another group of people in a short time, often in the early hours.
"Sick of it"
A user can also turn off FaceTime in iOS settings or in the macOS app, but that prevents users from receiving desired calls as well. Finally, people can disable their phone number under the "where you can be reached" FaceTime setting. But again, this will prevent wanted calls from being initiated with the user's number.
As the Apple support thread above shows, the nuisance group's calls date back to at least last year and have been around nonstop ever since.
"It made me sick to death," one person wrote last June. "I answered one face on it and was a young teenage girl. Other times random art on walls are scary old men. Feel sick. I don't want to participate in any of these scams or if they try random numbers. But how can you stop it "Do I have to report this to the police? How can I stop this? Please someone help me."
A Reddit user reported the same issue last week.
The disruptions caused by unwanted group calls could be minimized if Apple gave users the option to block all numbers in a group call with a single check. Multiple thread participants also reported that FaceTime doesn't have the ability to only take group calls from numbers in the user's contacts. Ars has asked Apple for comment and this post will be updated as representatives respond.
For now, people who receive spam calls have few options other than the ones mentioned above. Probably the most effective way is to disable FaceTime and wait for the spam wave to die out. Users are not allowed to answer the calls or enable the callers.
In-kernel WireGuard is on its way to FreeBSD and the pfSense router | GeekComparison
Apple pulls the plug on the HomePod | GeekComparison


On July 23, 1993 at 3:30pm, Kathleen Vanslyke, a 45-year-old mother and wife, was shot at close range while she waited in her vehicle in a parking lot near Burton Street, SE, and Eastern Avenue, SE, in the City of Grand Rapids. After the shooting, Vanslyke's car rolled backwards and collided with an adjacent building. The location was a busy area surrounded by businesses, including the former Old Kent Bank, Silver Derby Tavern, and Bucks.
In an effort to generate tips on this brutal murder, a billboard will highlight this victim for 30 days near the intersection of Burton Street SE, and Eastern Avenue SE, on November 2, 2015.
The family of Kathleen Vanslyke is supportive of the billboard campaign and hope, after 22 years, someone with information will come forward.
To see a photograph of Kathleen Vanslyke and crime scene photos, a Facebook page has been created called Kathleen Vanslyke 1993 cold case homicide.
Anyone with information is asked to contact Silent Observer at 616-774-2345 or Kent Metro Cold Case Team at 616-632-6123.
The Kent Metro Cold Case Team consists of detectives from the Michigan State Police, Kent County Sheriff Department and the Grand Rapids Police Department.


So far as i know The Jaguar E-kind was one of the best ever favored model by the carlovers & it was the one automobile which made the top selling file in it is own time but nonetheless after reading your hub & watching the pics i wish to choose Citroen as no. 1 due to it's design! Thanks good hub certainly one of my favorite topic! Information of the scandal, Mitsubishi became widespread information protection. The effect to the decline of their inventory prices in the previous few days. Last notice, a lower occurred in numbers sixteen-20 %.
The all-new BMW X4 has a full of life optionally available engine and nimble dealing with, reviewers say. Nevertheless, they observe that it has much less rear-seat and cargo room than most rivals have. This write up seems like full BS, I have seen that oil stop leak damage engines. As a job candidate, you not solely have to do your individual research into potential employers – that you must count on that employers will likely be doing more research into you.
It's also no coincidence that while Ford shows Vertrek at the Geneva Motor Show in anticipation of the new Kuga (after passing through Detroit), the true car was struck during his trial in the United States. We do not know if it's going to change its name or quite the opposite still be referred to as Escape in America, however it might take the unification Ford Kuga method to undertake a worldwide identify.


text:
Preetpal Sandhu, MD Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist, shares advice for parents on how to tell if their child has PTSD following a traumatic event in their life
How To Tell If Your Child Has PTSD After A Traumatic Event
Home » SPECIAL NEEDS » Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
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Diagnosing PTSD
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The diagnosis of PTSD or post traumatic stress disorder involves four main components. The first is that your child has to have been exposed to a traumatic event. Let´s say a car accident. The second is that your child has to reexperience the feelings that they had or the thoughts that they had during that traumatic experience. The third is that they have to have a desire to avoid stimuli associated with that trauma. So for example, for a child who is in a car accident, they wouldn´t want to get into a car again. The fourth is what we call autonomic hyper arousal. It´s a fancy word for the feeling that you get when you are on a balcony and somebody comes up behind you and gives you a gentle nudge, and you go huh, like that. That´s something that children who have experienced a traumatic event will start to feel when they experience a traumatic event. So again, a child who has been in a child accident, when they hear a car skid, they get that same feeling. That feeling of being extremely jumpy, extremely aware. That´s called autonomic hyper arousal.
Video Categories: ALL PARENTS, Family Life, Family Crisis, ELEMENTARY, Kids Health Ages 5 to 12, Therapy and Support, SPECIAL NEEDS, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
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Preetpal Sandhu, MD
Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist
Dr. Sandhu is a UCLA-trained, Board Certified Psychiatrist who has practiced Psychiatry at UCLA and in Beverly Hills for several years. He did his undergraduate work at UCLA where he was named to Phi Beta Kappa. He then completed medical school at the University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine and was named a Dean's scholar. He also received a master's degree in Business Administration from University of Southern California, Marshall School of Business where he was named to the Dean's list.
Dr. Sandhu then pursued training in Child, Adolescent, and Adult Psychiatry at the University of California at Los Angeles, Neuropsychiatric Institute (now named the Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior). While at UCLA completing his residency and fellowship he was named the Chief Fellow of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry training program. He then proceeded to work at UCLA as part of the Attending Staff on the Child and Adolescent Inpatient unit. He is a member in good standing of the American Psychiatric Association (APA), the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists (AACAP) and has served as the Southern California Regional Organization's President.
His areas of interest include attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and the roles coordinated psychiatry and psychotherapy can have in jointly improving outcomes.
Dr. Sandhu lives in the Los Angeles area with his family and is actively involved in teaching medical students, residents, and fellows at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. In his free time, he enjoys surfing, snowboarding, basketball, golf, video games, and travel.
Parenting expert on: Anxiety and Depression, Anxiety and Depression, OCD, OCD
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text:
Mosque tear gassed, olive tree set ablaze: Summer protests in the West Bank
By Haggai Matar August 26, 2013 | Edit
In Bil'in, the army is adopting new tactics to get demonstrators away from wall, while in Qadum, it took the initiative with a preemptive strike on the local mosque during prayer. And yet, this past Friday, hundreds of Palestinians and Israeli and international solidarity activists protested against the occupation – and got their fair share of tear gas.
Soldiers firing tear gas and demonstrators (Haggai Matar)
It's been a while since my last visit to Bil'in. I've been busy with union work at Maariv, and besides – taking a Friday at home is always more tempting than marching up West Bank hilltops in the summer heat, and dodging flying tear gas canisters and rubber bullets. This is exactly why it's so amazing to see just how persistent activists in the popular struggle can be.
At the end of the Friday prayer, about 30 Bil'in residents accompanied by some 20 solidarity activists started their weekly march on the wall. Passing over where the old route of the wall used to run (back then it was actually a fence), one could see just how meaningful the villagers' victory is: hundreds of acres have been returned to the village due to its relentless struggle, and these lands are now being cultivated – they are thriving, with new groves, olive trees and a playground and leisure area for family picnics. The struggle goes on to push the wall all the way back to the Green Line and retrieve the rest of the land appropriated by Israel.
"Venom" leads the way for soldiers crossing over the wall (Haggai Matar)
Maybe it's the heat or the new (female) commander in the area, but the soldiers this week seemed a little lighter on the trigger than I had remembered. They didn't wait for any stone to be thrown at them before starting to fire tear gas on the small crowd approaching the wall. One of the local activists installed a loudspeaker on his car's rooftop and teased the soldiers by driving quickly along the wall, chanting calls against the occupation.
Within about ten minutes, a huge metal gate in the wall was opened and the tear gas-firing jeep ("Venom") crossed over, shooting dozens of tear gas canisters in all directions to make way for four more jeeps and about ten soldiers who started chasing demonstrators away. This apparently is the army's latest tactical development: instead of playing the old game of tear gas and rubber bullets vs. stones – they are playing it while pushing protesters back towards the old route and into the village.
Olive tree on fire. A common sight in West Bank summer demonstration. (Haggai Matar)
And so it went: a few demonstrators went back, raising flags and chanting. Fewer youth threw stones at soldiers, and the soldiers (surrounded by local photographers and one Israeli activist who kept preaching to them about war crimes and conscientious objection) were doing the shooting. ("You see that guy in the white T-shirt? It'd be nice if you could put some rubber into him," I heard one commander say to his subordinate.) Quite a few fires started during the demonstration as a result of the dangerous combination of tear gas canisters, dried leaves and summer heat. One olive tree, several hundreds' of years old according to a local activist, was also set ablaze. Eventually the demonstration ended, with the usual promise to return the following week – as it has for the past eight and a half years.
Tear gas in the Qadum mosque (Activestills)
Meanwhile, in other parts of the West Bank, a small demonstration also took place in Ma'asara, a larger one took place in Nabi Saleh, where the army also used "the skunk" (smelly water canon), and in Qadum, where soldiers decided to take initiative and attacked the local mosque with tear gas during prayer before the protest even began. Activists who were present say that old men who were suffocating from the gas put on gas masks so they could go on with their prayers. Two demonstrators were later wounded by tear gas canisters.
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It would be the easiest thing to forget that these demonstrations ever take place. Unless a Palestinian is killed or an Israeli wounded, they rarely make it to the news, not even in brief. But they're there. Every week, for many years now, and probably for years to come. This is also a good opportunity to remind of this week's upcoming art sale, meant to fund legal defense for Palestinian and Israeli activists in the joint popular struggle. Check it out, and support if you can.
Nabi Saleh


My 4 months old pees every 10 mins wen she is awake..she is on TF...aprox 15 to 17 nappies a day...is it ok.? Else she is active, sumtines fussy..
That seems a bit excessive. Mention it to your doc at next visit. You will be going for vaccination with in the next month anyway right.. ??
Hey, it is very normal. Even my son does it. I spoke to my doc n also checked with websites.when they are small urine bladder is very small n they cannot control it. So when they awake up. They leak in small quantities.
My 9 months old baby girl used to pee 15 to 20 times a day when she is awake. But in sleep, she doesn't pee at all. Also the flow is frequent and in small quantity, she used to pee thrice in 15 minutes then a gap and it follows after some time. Moreover,I use only cloth nappies and my worry is her urine is sticky on the floor or chair when getting dry. But she seems to be normal. She is also not taking formula or juices or water at all, hardly she takes 100ml of formula for a whole day, since i breastfeed her in the past months and also she hates bottles. Are there any link between these? Am much worried of this. Hope I will get some help regarding this and kindly share some tips on how to get her drink formula and water for being hydrated.


4. How to get rid of fat with help of a massage?
5. How to lose weight with slimming teas?
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One of the very best weight loss tips is taking castor oil: it is not digested, forcing the intestines to be cleansed naturally.
How to lose stomach fat if your diet is not really healthy? Stop eating fat foods, sweets, pastry, fat meat, canned and smoked food, never have sugar, soda and alcohol. Eat 3-4 times less salt.
Drink at least 1, 5— 2 liters of water per day and exercise sufficiently.
Eat 5-6 times a day but a little amount of food.
Take minerals and multivitamins, vitamin C in its natural form.
Another proven way for quick weight loss: on an empty stomach drink a glass of yogurt with 1 tbsp.of flax seeds – it balances your metabolic processes and binds cholesterol.
Besides a healthy diet, go for mono-diet days every other day during a week.
Take fibre to remove toxins and reduce calorie content.
To make your belly skin firm, add weight loss foods that are rich in collagen: vegetables, fruit, greens (3/5 of your whole diet), salmon, wheat germs, berries.
HOW TO LOOSE BELLY FAT WITH AUTO-MASSAGE: This video is a tutorial on an auto-massage you can do in order to reduce/loose belly fat. The tutorial is based on techniques usually employed in cosmetic treatments. ◊ SUBSCRIBE 🙂 ◊ RELATED VIDEOS: Auto-Massage for a SMALLER WAIST: https://goo.gl/S8FYjk Why I NEVER Had Belly Fat: https://goo.gl/TXujF7 ◊ Bored?
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text:
<?php

/**
 * @file
 * Contains \Drupal\migrate_drupal\Tests\d6\MigrateNodeTest.
 */

namespace Drupal\migrate_drupal\Tests\d6;

use Drupal\migrate\MigrateExecutable;
use Drupal\Core\Database\Database;
use Drupal\node\Entity\Node;

/**
 * Node content migration.
 *
 * @group migrate_drupal
 */
class MigrateNodeTest extends MigrateNodeTestBase {

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  protected function setUp() {
    parent::setUp();
    /** @var \Drupal\migrate\entity\Migration $migration */
    $migration = entity_load('migration', 'd6_node');
    $executable = new MigrateExecutable($migration, $this);
    $executable->import();

    // This is required for the second import below.
    db_truncate($migration->getIdMap()->mapTableName())->execute();
    $this->standalone = TRUE;
  }

  /**
   * Test node migration from Drupal 6 to 8.
   */
  public function testNode() {
    $node = Node::load(1);
    $this->assertEqual($node->id(), 1, 'Node 1 loaded.');
    $this->assertEqual($node->langcode->value, 'und');
    $this->assertEqual($node->body->value, 'test');
    $this->assertEqual($node->body->summary, 'test');
    $this->assertEqual($node->body->format, 'filtered_html');
    $this->assertEqual($node->getType(), 'story', 'Node has the correct bundle.');
    $this->assertEqual($node->getTitle(), 'Test title', 'Node has the correct title.');
    $this->assertEqual($node->getCreatedTime(), 1388271197, 'Node has the correct created time.');
    $this->assertEqual($node->isSticky(), FALSE);
    $this->assertEqual($node->getOwnerId(), 1);
    $this->assertEqual($node->getRevisionCreationTime(), 1390095701, 'Node has the correct revision timestamp.');

    /** @var \Drupal\node\NodeInterface $node_revision */
    $node_revision = \Drupal::entityManager()->getStorage('node')->loadRevision(1);
    $this->assertEqual($node_revision->getTitle(), 'Test title');
    $this->assertEqual($node_revision->getRevisionAuthor()->id(), 1, 'Node revision has the correct user');
    // This is empty on the first revision.
    $this->assertEqual($node_revision->revision_log->value, '');

    // It is pointless to run the second half from MigrateDrupal6Test.
    if (empty($this->standalone)) {
      return;
    }

    // Test that we can re-import using the EntityContentBase destination.
    $connection = Database::getConnection('default', 'migrate');
    $connection->update('node_revisions')
      ->fields(array(
        'title' => 'New node title',
        'format' => 2,
      ))
      ->condition('vid', 1)
      ->execute();
    $connection->delete('content_field_test_two')
      ->condition('delta', 1)
      ->execute();

    /** @var \Drupal\migrate\entity\Migration $migration */
    $migration = entity_load('migration', 'd6_node');
    $executable = new MigrateExecutable($migration, $this);
    $executable->import();

    $node = Node::load(1);
    $this->assertEqual($node->getTitle(), 'New node title');
    // Test a multi-column fields are correctly upgraded.
    $this->assertEqual($node->body->value, 'test');
    $this->assertEqual($node->body->format, 'full_html');

    $node = Node::load(3);
    // Test that format = 0 from source maps to filtered_html.
    $this->assertIdentical($node->body->format, 'filtered_html');
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home LIFE & STYLE Local student orchestra to play for Cancer Care West
Local student orchestra to play for Cancer Care West
Briain Kelly
NUI Galway's Medical Orchestra will play a medley of fantastic music, including an original composition next week in aid of Cancer Care West.
An original piece of music composed and arranged by Máirtín O Connor and Garry O Briain folds medicine into the music with a background involving the sounds emanating from a chemotherapy machine as the infusion reaches the patient.
The piece, described as "an Ode to healing", captures rhythms and the translation of sounds to musical notation and arrangement for all sections of the orchestra.
David O'Donnell from Cancer Care West said, "Cancer Care West are thrilled to be the benefiting charity from this very unique fundraising event."
"Funds raised will help support cancer patients and their families who are attending our Support Centre on Seamus Quirke Road."
The Medical Orchestra at NUI Galway is part of the Arts in Action programme that gives medical students a chance to express themselves through music and find yet another way to help the community.
Joining them on stage for this charity concert next Wednesday will be an ensemble of musical guests including Jim Higgins, The Smiths, Carl Hession, Matthew Berrill and Mary McPartlan.
Speaking about this special concert, Mary McPartlan, Artistic Director of Arts in Action at NUI Galway, said:
"The orchestra has been in existence now for ten years and its main aim has always been to enrich and support the medical students, in reaching their own individual creative spaces, thereby supporting their overall wellbeing, their academic endeavor and their work in the study of medicine."
Tickets for this charity concert cost €15, with all proceeds going to Cancer Care West, and can be bought on their website or at the door on the night.
The concert will take place at the O'Donoghue Centre at NUI Galway on at 6pm on Wednesday, December 5.
autopost
cancer care West
medical orchestra
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Email: news@galwaydaily.com
Floats and performers sought for St Patrick's Day Parade
Meet Galway's local wildlife in the Hearth of Winter


text:
Apocryphon of James
Previous (Apocrypha)
Next (Apollinarism)
James, the brother of Jesus, supposed author of the Apocryphon of James.
The Apocryphon of James, also known as the Secret Book of James, is a pseudonymous text among the New Testament apocrypha. It describes the secret teachings of Jesus to James and Peter, given after the Resurrection but before the Ascension.
Unknown to church historians until its discovery at Nag Hammadi in the mid-twentieth century, the Apocryphon of James is an early example of the Gnostic tradition in which the risen Jesus delivers secret teachings to a special disciple or group of disciples. It takes the form of a letter from James, called elsewhere the brother of Jesus, to an unnamed reader.
The letter touches on some familiar Christian themes, but emphasizes Gnostic concepts such as the body as a type of prison for the soul, salvation through knowledge (gnosis) as well as faith, and being "full" rather than diminishing in knowledge. A distinctive characteristic of the work is that Jesus urges his disciples to become even better than he is. It also looks to future generations as going beyond the spiritual achievements of James and the other disciples.
Unlike most other Gnostic works, the Apocryphon of James emphasizes the importance of Jesus' actual crucifixion and death, and it strongly urges the disciples to follow his example of enduring persecution, rather than avoiding these sufferings. After the revelation is complete, James sends the other apostles to various locations and returns to Jerusalem, hoping that future generations will succeed in going beyond the spiritual level he himself has achieved.
2.1 Gnostic themes
2.2 Death and martyrdom stressed
3 Relation to other texts
4 Notable quotations
Nag Hammadi, Egypt, where the Apocryphon of James was discovered in 1945.
None of the Church Fathers seems to mention the Apocryphon of James in their writings, implying that it had not achieved wide circulation and popularity. This may be explained by the fact that its system of Gnostic thought is not highly developed—it may even be described as "proto-Gnostic"—and other Gnostic writings may have replaced it by the time orthodox writers began their work of criticizing well-known heretical works.
The text survives in a single, damaged manuscript as the second section of the Jung Codex, the first of the 13 codices in the Nag Hammadi library. Although the text appears to be a Coptic translation from Greek, the author claims to have written in Hebrew.
Because of its emphasis on the essential need to endure persecution and martyrdom, it is unlikely that the text was written after 313, when Constantine I ended the persecution of Christians. Other clues in the text point to a composition in the second century. It is normally dated to the years 100-150 C.E.
The text of "Secret James," as the book is known for short, is framed as an epistle from James to someone else whose name is obscured by the damage to the text. It refers to a previous such letter, saying "I sent you ten months ago another secret book which the Savior revealed to me."
The author describes Jesus answering the disciples' questions when he appears to them 550 days after the Resurrection, but before his final Ascension. Both James and Peter are given the secret instruction, but at the end only James appears to understand what has happened. There is little "action" in the book, as it consists almost exclusively of dialog.
Persian portrayal of Jesus teaching.
Jesus gives teachings in unusual and sometimes contradictory phrases, and also offers brief parables. Peter has a hard time with this, asking, "Sometimes you urge us on to the Kingdom of God, and other times you turn us away." After the dialog ends, James sends out the 12 apostles and returns to Jerusalem, indicating that it is he, not Peter, whom Jesus has indicated as the leader of the movement.
Gnostic themes
The early verses of the letter strongly emphasize such concepts as "fullness" and not diminishing. "I say unto you, become full, in order that you may not be diminished," Jesus says. "Those who are diminished, however, will not be saved." Also used in Paul's letters, the idea of fullness (pleroma) became a common theme in later Gnostic literature.
Other typical Gnostic themes are also emphasized, such as: "Unless you receive it (the Kingdom of Heaven) through knowledge, you will not be able to find it... Understand what the Great Light is." Likewise, true disciples must avoid "wearing" flesh, that is, identifying themselves with their bodies: "None of those who have worn the flesh will be saved... Do not become arrogant on account of the light which illumines. Rather, become to yourselves in this manner—as I am to you. For I have placed myself under the curse (taking on a body), in order that you may be saved."
Jesus urges the disciples to be determined in their quest, not relying on God's grace alone. "He will love you and will make you equal with me and will consider that you have become beloved through his providence, according to your free choice." Not only are his followers to achieve equality with Jesus, but he says: "Become better than I; make yourselves like the son of the Holy Spirit."
Death and martyrdom stressed
Unlike in some other Gnostic texts, Jesus strongly emphasizes the need for his true disciples to believe that he was actually crucified. "Remember my cross and my death and you will live... None will be saved unless they believe in my cross." Such sayings appear to be intended to counter other Gnostic schools which denied that Jesus even had a physical body and was thus never actually crucified, but only appear to have been.
The disciples must also be willing to endure martyrdom themselves: "In truth I say to you, none of those who are afraid of death will be saved."
After the disciples leave and James returns to Jerusalem, he closes his letter with a benediction, continuing the theme that those who come later are likely to surpass those who first heard Jesus' secret teachings:
"I pray that the beginning may come from you, for thus I can be saved. Because they will be enlightened through me, through my faith and through another's which is better than mine, for I desire that mine become the lesser."
Relation to other texts
To most scholars, the flavor of many of the sayings in the Apocryphon of James appears clearly Gnostic in tone. The manuscript was also found among more explicitly Gnostic teachings in the Nag Hamadi Library. However, the doctrines in the Apocryphon of James certainly do not accord with the Valentinian or other developed Gnostic cosmologies.
Many of its sayings appear to be shared with the canonical Gospels, and the text includes this reference to several well known parables: "Pay attention to the teaching and understand 'The Shepherds' and 'The Seed' and 'The Building' and 'The Lamps of the Virgins' and 'The Wage of the Workers' and 'The Double Drachma' and 'The Woman'."
The references to salvation through the Cross imply familiarity with Paul's letters, or at least his teachings. On the other hand, the introduction indicates Jesus is still with his disciples 550 days after the Resurrection which contradicts the 40 days which Luke's Acts of the Apostles gives before the Ascension. Some scholars posit that the earliest version of the Apocryphon had no such connections to the canonical gospels, but that an unknown redactor knew of and referenced canonical works in the known edition.
With regard to its emphasis on the need to endure martyrdom, Secret James may intend to combat teachings such as those found in other Gnostic texts, notably the recently discovered Gospel of Judas, which argues against martyrdom, teaching that those who have true "knowledge" place no value in either the pleasures of the body or in fleshly suffering.
Notable quotations
No one ever will enter the Kingdom of Heaven if I bid him, but rather because you yourselves are full.
I say unto you, become full, in order that you may not be diminished. Those who are diminished, however, will not be saved.
Jesus teaches his disciples.
I say that he will love you and will make you equal with me and will consider that you have become beloved through his providence according to your free choice.
Remember my cross and my death and you will live... No one will be saved unless they believe in my cross. But those who have believed in my cross, theirs is the Kingdom of God.
In truth I say to you, none of those who are afraid of death will be saved. For the Kingdom of God belongs to those who have put themselves to death.
Become better than I; make yourselves like the son of the Holy Spirit.
Do you not know that the head of prophecy was cut off with John (the Baptist)?
Be zealous to be saved without being urged. Rather, be ready on your own and, if possible, go before me. For this the Father will love you.
It is also possible for you all to receive the Kingdom of Heaven: unless you receive it through knowledge, you will not be able to find it.
Understand what the Great Light is.
The Father does not need me. For a father does not need a son, but it is the son who needs the father.
Pay attention to the Word. Understand Knowledge.
Implore God often, and he will give to you.
Truly I say to you, the Father will not forgive the sin of the soul at all, nor the guilt of the flesh. For none of those who have worn the flesh will be saved.
The one who will receive life and believe in the Kingdom will never leave it; not even if the Father desires to banish him!
Online Translation of the Apocryphon of James www.gnosis.org. Retrieved May 13, 2008.
Cameron, Ron. Sayings Traditions in the Apocryphon of James. Harvard theological studies, no. 34. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1984. ISBN 9780800670153
Ehrman, Bart D. Lost Scriptures: Books That Did Not Make It into the New Testament. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 9780195182507
Miller, Robert J. The Complete Gospels, pp. 332-342. Polebridge Press, 1992. ISBN 0944344496
Apocryphon of James history
History of "Apocryphon of James"
Retrieved from https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Apocryphon_of_James&oldid=716320


When you consider the cost of daily makeup in terms of time and expense, many realize that permanent makeup can actually save you time and money.
There is a one time expense, and of course for this you want to hire the best not the cheapest, but then you have a lifetime of satisfaction from the benefits, and nothing further is involved other than an occasional color refresher for fading over the years.
Consultations: A consultation for permanent makeup or para-medical tattooing is recommended before scheduling a procedure appointment. Consultations are generally 30 minutes and informational only. A consultation for permanent makeup does not include any makeup designing. More than one person may attend a consultation, so feel free to bring a friend! If you must reschedule a consultation, we kindly ask that you provide at least 48 hours notice. The fee for a consultation is $50.00, but the full amount will be applied as a credit towards any service booked.
The cost of treatments includes one FREE touch-up within 4 to 6 weeks of initial procedure. We strongly suggest that all clients schedule a follow-up appointment. The touch-up appointment is intended to fill in any areas that may have been discolored during healing process.
Final results cannot be determined until follow-up touch-up appointment is completed. Pigment retention depends on skin type, age, aftercare, sun exposure and other factors. Annual touch-ups are recommended to prevent natural fading.
one follow-up visit if any touch-up work is needed.
Cold Sores: If you are prone to getting cold sores and therefore need medication for the prevention of cold sores for a permanent lip color procedure, you must obtain that from your private physician or dentist prior to your appointment day. You must provide proof of the prescription upon booking. If you cannot do your lip procedure because you forgot to prepare then your appointment will be rescheduled and a rescheduling fee charged.
Do not apply eye makeup before or after procedure.
Do not consume alcoholic/caffeinated beverages on day of procedure.
Do not take any non-vital medications that may thin blood 24 hours before procedure. Including certain vitamins and supplements.
Do not expose eyebrows to water or any products for ideally two days post procedure.
Use mild soap to cleanse area for the first 7-10 days reapplying ointment provided with light layer before showering.
Avoid strenuous exercise for 3 days after procedure, after three days apply a thin layer of ointment before working out.
DO NOT touch, rub, pick or scratch the treated area. Hands may contain bacteria and create an infection. Use clean cotton-swab to apply ointment to treated area 5 times daily for the first 7-10 days. Picking can cause scaring.
Avoid contact with animals, gardening, sun, sauna, Jacuzzi, chlorine pools, ocean & steam room. Wear a hat to shield area for at least the first 7-10 days.
ALWAYS use TOTAL SUN BLOCK on area during healing process to reserve color pigmentation.
For the first 2 days after the procedure apply a thin layer of Vaseline to the area before working out.
Due to Skin Frenzy having a very structured schedule, we require a procedure deposit for all booked appointments which will be subtracted from the procedure price. If the deposit is not received upon time of booking or within 7 days, your appointment will be cancelled without notice.
We understand that unforeseen circumstances may arise. Please understand that because permanent makeup appointments can range from 2-5 hours, such changes greatly impact your permanent makeup artist and other clients. We ask that you give us at least 48 hour notice for rescheduling or cancellation of an appointment. Anything within 48 hours will result in forfeiting your deposit and a new deposit must be made for future appointments.
If a client does not show up for their appointment, not only is their deposit forfeit but they must also pay for the procedure in full when rebooking. There are no exceptions.
Gift Certificates cannot be exchanged for cash.
All retail cosmetics or skin care products cannot be returned if opened.
We accept Visa, Master Card, cash or personal check.
Contact our office at 602-258-9099 or send us an email here.


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CD/DVD Reviews
Exxtras
Chris Hager and Dave Alford to forge ahead as Rough Cutt with new band members
Posted on September 2, 2019 by Olivier in Uncategorized // 0 Comments
After retiring the band Rough Cutt and forging ahead with the new group Rough Riot, guitarist Chris Hager and drummer Dave Alford have had a change of heart and will now be continuing under the band name Rough Cutt with some new band members. Their former Rough Riot band members — guitarist Carlos Cavazo, lead vocalist Paul Shortino and bassist Sean McNabb are moving ahead as Rough Riot or perhaps Carlos Cavazo's Rough Riot (as the band's Facebook page indicates).
The following message was posted by Hager on his Facebook page yesterday (with slight edits):
"Hey, hey my friends!! Here's the scoop: Rockin' Dave Alford & I have decided to keep the Rough Cutt lineage alive & kickin' ass, and want to introduce the new lineup, featuring former Motown recording artist (and bandmate), Mr. Steven St. James on vocals! Low-end to be handled by bass player extraordinaire, Jeff Buehner, and second guitarist, TBA ? Upcoming shows, TBA as well!! Naturally we've also written new music we think you're going to f**king love!! And, of course, we'll be playing the classics as always!! ??
Last, but not least, we wish to extend our very best to our long-time former Rough Cutt band-mates, along with our Rough Riot bruthas as well… We see this as a win-win for all involved as the more great music that gets released, the more everyone benefits, and the better for rock music as a whole…!!"
Highly sought after music by Top Notch receives release on FnA Records
Thorne, Lance V., Philbrook & Mead unleash new Platinum Overdose album
Check out Grimm Jack's lyric video for their new single "Lonely"
Huge End of the Year CD Sale — Perris Records — CD's starting at $0.99
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+ Translation of the relics (437) of St. John Chrysostom, archbishop of Constantinople. St. Peter of Egypt (5th c.). New Martyr Demetrius at Constantinople (1784) (Greek). St. Titus the Soldier, monk of the Kiev Caves. New Hieromartyr Peter (Zverev) of Voronezh (1929). St. Demetrius Klepinine, priest of Paris (1944). St. Leonty (Stasevich) of Ivanovo (1972). New Hieromartyr and Mystic Leontius of Tarnopol and Jablechna (Poland) (1972).


My gown fit me perfectly and my bustle was impeccable because of Heather. Not to mention, Heather is extremely kind and gracious with a level of professionalism that I appreciate very much. Very accomodating.
In addition to my gown, Heather took on my mother's dress only 3 days before the wedding and turned it into a custom fit dress just for my mom. She felt and looking stunning and was able to run around and mingle and dance with reckless abandon without any concern for her dress. This is all a huge thanks to Heather!
Two weeks before my cousin's wedding, Heather fit me in between other appointments and fixed a cosmetic issue on my dress. She hadn't worked on my dress and had no reason to take on the extra work when she's already booked solid. This showed me how much she cares about her work and helping others. Any future alteration work will be going to Heather!
I was nervous about trusting my dress with someone for alterations, but once I met Heather, I knew it wouldn't be an issue. She is incredibly professional, has a very fun personality, and makes sure that you get exactly what you want. I would always recommend Heather to anyone getting married. She made this process so fun and easy, I wish I could do it all again!
Couldn't have gotten anyone better to make my dress perfect!
Heather is fantastic! She was able to get me in for wedding dress alterations on a fairly short time frame. She definitely knows her stuff and made me feel great about my dress. Can't wait to see the final changes!! UPDATE: Just came back from my final fitting and the dress is perfect! Heather is amazing!!
Heather is an amazing, talented woman who puts her heart into her work.
Heather is extremely talented and knows exactly what she's doing! She has a lot of wedding dress experience. Not only is she professional and prompt, but she is super sweet and caring! She puts her heart into her clients and her work and it truly shows! I was sad to be done working with her because I enjoyed visiting with her! She made me feel so special and eased my mind! Thank you, Heather!!!
Heather does amazing work and she is a pleasure to work with! My dress fits perfectly thanks to her, and she added a beautiful French bustle. She also worked with two of my bridesmaids to walk them through how to bustle my dress after the ceremony. She was very patient and clear with her directions, and I now my bridesmaids feel totally confident that they can do it right. Thanks Heather!
I am so glad I worked with Heather to alter my wedding dress!! She does amazing work and was great to work with. I brought her my dress and extra sequin tulle fabric I wanted to add under the top layer of tulle and she did an amazing job turning my idea into a reality. I can't wait to wear my dress on my wedding day! It's exactly what I had in mind. Don't trust anyone else with your wedding dress, go to Heather!
Working with Heather really put me at ease. I needed last minute alterations on my dress and she was able to fit me in. Heather is to the point and extremely professional. She truly knows what she is doing and I was able to trust her right away. I am so happy with the alterations she did, it is perfect and I can't wait to wear my dress! Trust me, she's worth it!!
Heather altered my dress to fit perfectly and modified my train to give it a completely different look. She was so friendly and professional. I highly recommend her!
Heather is extremely talented and was great to work with!
Heather is AMAZING. My dress was a few sizes too big, has intricate lace detailing, a long train (needing lots of bustle ties) and I really wanted the shoulders to be sewn differently - she perfectly altered everything to fit my body like a glove. Her work is so beautiful and unmatched by anyone else. I loved the intimate-ness of being able to go to her beautiful home studio for each appointment. I highly, highly recommend Heather!
Simply put Heather is absolutely amazing at what she does. After years of experiences and hundreds if not thousands of dresses altered, she is a master of her craft and an absolute joy to work with. She gets the job done and gets it done right and on time. And she literally works magic. Take in a little fabric here, a slight alteration there and all of a sudden the dress looks like it was designed to fit your exact body. I had some very last minute requests and Heather worked some more magic to fit me in, although I would not recommend doing the same. Unfortunately her exquisite work is not a secret and she books out months in advance! So if you are reading this review and searching for an alterations specialist, look no further. I would recommend Heather to any bride to be who wants to look amazing in her wedding dress!
Superior service and gorgeous results!
Heather provides a sense of calm during what can sometimes be a stressful period of time. She puts her personal issues on the back burner and attentively listens to her clients wishes. Her process is smooth and professional. I am a mother of the bride, my daughter and my mom all entrusted Heather with our gowns. Heather worked her magic and my daughter took home 3 days ago a gown that is perfect! She is blinging out my mother of the bride gown "tastefully." And she squeezed my moms alterations in 1 week before the wedding! I can't thank Heather enough! She is the BEST! Don't waste time looking anywhere else for alterations! I can't submit pictures of the gown until after 1-19-19....the date of the wedding.
Custom Sewing by Heather is the BEST!!!
As the owner of Bella Bridal Boutique, I have had the opportunity to see the quality of workmanship from many seamstresses over the years, but none compare to Heather Baldridge. She has done alterations for wedding gowns and bridesmaids' gowns for all my daughters and most recently, my own wedding gown. In addition to our gowns, we have also referred thousands of our customers to her. She is a woman of integrity and her talents go beyond description. There's good, better and best and Heather is the BEST!!!
I had such a great experience with Heather. She made getting my dress altered an easy and fun experience. She was fun to talk to, and I loved her workspace. Thank you Heather for making me feel so amazing in my dress.
Heather is a sewing miracle worker!
My daughter needed a lot of work on her dress to make it into the dress she wanted for her wedding. It required from Heather many things -- among them: creativity, adding material, countless appointments, many rows of intricate, hand-sewn beads, and many, many hours of hard work. Even with all this, Heather exceeded our expectations -- the dress was even more beautiful than we had imagined! Heather is a complete professional. After our first appointment, we fell in love with her kindness and would now consider her a friend. She really cares about making sure the bride is happy. Heather takes great pride in here work, and it shows. Every detail is perfect. In fact, she added a couple more appointments at the end to make sure every bit of the dress was perfect for the wedding day. My daughter's 'bubble bustle' was amazingly beautiful and Heather took the time to make sure we completely understood how to easily tie the bustle on the day of the wedding. She explained where we had to be extra careful in helping my daughter into the dress so as not to tear any of the material. (In fact, Heather has SO many tips for the perfect wedding, we told her she needs to write a book. We learned so many 'hacks' from her to assure us there were no glitches on the day of my daughter's wedding.) The intricate beadwork Heather sewed onto my daughter's dress completely matched the designs that were already there. The added beadwork seamlessly worked into the original dress --there was no way someone would have been able to guess where Heather had to add the extra material and beadwork from when the original purchase of the dress. Heather is the bride-to-be's dream person to go to feel beautiful on her wedding day. Thanks, Heather -- you made it such a fun experience for the mother-of-the-bride!
I could not say enough great things about Heather. The alterations to my dress tried out perfect. She had a wide range of times for fittings, which was great for me due to work. She was extremely professional and used your time wisely!
I couldn't have imagined working with anyone else on my dress than with Heather. From the moment I contacted her I knew she was going to do a wonderful job. She is very attentive, listens exactly to what you want but also makes great suggestions to help make your dress beautiful, and is just a wonderful person all around. I would HIGHLY recommend her to anyone!
Heather was absolutely wonderful! She didn't miss a single detail with my dress. I loved how thorough she was at every appointment. Pricing is very reasonable and her work is exceptional!
I couldn't be happier with how my wedding dress turned out! Heather is very experienced, and willing to try new things, which in my experience was awesome! I wanted dark green sequins on my dress for my winter wedding, and it turned out awesome! She even added some extra fabric to the back of my dress at my request to hide some of my backside a little better. Wow! She hit it on the nail! Even the extra fabric was the exact color of my dress! Heather started out with just adding little sequins at a time and then we would review it together and with my approval of it she kept adding until I was happy with the final creation! Thank you again Heather for your hard dedicated work and making a very happy client and bride!
Total dress transformation!!! A+ work!!!
Heather is amazing! I wasn't able to find the "perfect" dress, so I purchased one with a front a loved and knew the back needed some work. Heather removed the lace and buttons on the back and designed beautiful straps that gave the dress the classic and timeless look I had been searching for. Her work is flawless and, even though she works with many brides, she always made me feel like my dress was the only one that mattered. On top of her great work, she is professional and accommodating and made room for me in her schedule even though I contacted her later than many of her brides typically do. I am so thankful for Heather and would recommend her without any hesitation!!!
Heather is the best in the business! I just picked my dress up last night and it was absolutely perfect! I never once had to worry or stress out about my dress. Every appointment was short and sweet and she nailed it with my dress! She is absolutely fantastic!
I brought my dress to Heather and am so glad I did! First of all, she was extremely quick to answer me when I first reached out to her to set up appointments. She made the entire experience seamless -- from the time I first brought it in to the time I picked it up, I felt extremely confident that Heather would make my dress beautiful - and she did! She offered suggestions and I am so happy with the way it turned out. It fits perfectly, it's comfortable, and is even more gorgeous then when I first got it. If you see anyone, I highly recommend Heather. She was a joy to work with!
Heather was awesome to work with! She knew just what I needed to make my dress perfect. From beginning to end I never worried about the finished product and it was amazing!


Becta recently commissioned the University of Nottingham in conjunction with London Knowledge Lab and Manchester Metropolitan University to research Web 2.0 technologies for learning at Key Stages 3 and 4. The aims of this research was to help shape Becta's thinking and inform policymakers, schools and local authorities on the potential benefits of Web 2.0 technologies and how their use can be effectively and safely realised.
The 5 reports can be found here.
A report on "e-Safety and Web 2.0" has now been published. This report is focused on e-safety issues relevant to the use of Web 2.0 in education.
The main issue in considering the use of Web 2.0 in School is how to support children to engage in productive and creative social learning whilst also protecting them from the risks. Most learners questioned in the survey were aware of internet dangers, although many demonstrated poor practice such as around password security.
Schools have a clear role in educating children for safe and responsible engagement with Web 2.0 and the internet in general. As most learners have access to the internet outside of school, this education is important even if Web 2.0 sites are blocked on the school network.
In an increasingly risk-averse society, where schools and local authorities are vulnerable to legal action, there is a strong incentive to avoid risk to children from internet predators and abusers. This concern was often focused on avoiding the most extreme, but rare cases.
Parents have concerns about e-safety, but are generally positive about the use of technology to support learning.
The majority of the experts surveyed advocated an 'empower and manage' approach, in which schools allow children access to public Web 2.0 sites in a supported and structure way. Children should be educated and helped in school to use Web 2.0 activities for responsible and creative learning. Children's web activity should be monitored and action taken against any using threatening behavior or unsafe practices online.
However is this practical in schools? Are any Schools in Kent (or otherwise) actively engaging in Web 2.0 in the classroom? Should we be moving away from blocking and filtering young peoples access and enabling them develop safe online behaviours and attitudes towards being a responsible online citizen?


There is no better view in North-Central West Virginia than the one from Cooper's Rock State Park.
Located 13 miles from Morgantown, just a few minutes off Interstate 68, Cooper's Rock is incredibly easy to reach. You'd never know these views are here from the interstate.
What's in a name? Legend has it that a fugitive from the law hid near what is now the overlook. A cooper by trade, he continued to make and sell barrels from his hideout while on the lam.
Anyway, the overlook is on a rocky sandstone tower, so you've got to cross a short bridge to get to the rocky outcropping of the main overlook. If you recall, sandstone also plays a part in the distinct shape of another West Virginia landmark, Blackwater Falls.
The main attraction is the overlook. Perched 2,159 feet above Cheat River Canyon, you're given clear views of the surrounding hills and hollers (those are valleys for you non-West Virginians).
Directly across the canyon is the Snake Hill Wildlife Management Area. Protecting over 3,000 acres of Cheat Canyon, it keeps the views from the main overlook wild and wonderful.
Cooper's Rock State Forest protects over 12,500 acres of forest. This protection is a joint effort between the state's Division of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and nearby's West Virginia University Forestry Program.
There are many more rocky towers in the park, making for a prime rock climbing destination. The "Rock City Trail" takes you between two steep crags where you might see people climbing.
Looking to the west, the views are of the city of Morgantown and of the Fort Martin power plant.
Lots of wildlife is in the park. You might see chipmunks, hawks, owls, many types of birds, fox, deer, turkeys, and turkey vulture. I've been called a turkey before, but thankfully this vulture wasn't fooled.
Many boaters are out on this lovely summer day enjoying the river.
The existence of the overlook and many of the buildings here are the work of FDR's New Deal-era Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). From 1933 until 1942 over 3 million young men worked to preserve and protect some of America's greatest natural treasures.
A number of structures, eleven in fact, within the park's boundaries are on the National Register of Historic Places. The CCC built these structures in the late 1930's and they've stood the test of time.
Even though completely different groups built these structures, I look at them and think of the fine work and craftsmanship that I've seen in parks elsewhere, like at Glacier National Park and Yosemite National Park.
Lots of hiking opportunities are here throughout the forest and plenty of camping, too. Visit their website to find out more.
Beautiful pictures! It was nice being there with you that day!


While we're on the subject of the guest bedroom, I have another new addition to tell you about! This Milbradt Patent library ladder, obviously used as someone's paint ladder (shock!) came home with me from an auction a few months ago. A local antique store was closing and had an auction to clear out tons of stuff.
Lucky! I don't even have one and you have two? And I used to be a librarian!
Your ladders are fantastic and I am drooling over your Greyhound. THAT is phenomenal!
Where did you find that gem?
Those are very very cool!!
I love your blog and all your decorating ideas. My brother and sister-in-law have adopted a few greyhounds, I know they would love what you did with the room!


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Analyst: Curtailment 'dark underbelly' of Indian power sector
By Tom Kenning
Dec 10, 2019 2:50 PM GMT
A transmission line in Delhi, India. Credit: Tom Kenning
A key government figure has said India is committed to managing curtailment of power from renewable energy, with the problem dubbed by one analyst as too important to ignore.
Anand Kumar, secretary of the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE), discussed the issue on the sidelines of the COP25 climate conference in Madrid, Spain, on Monday. He said that Regional Energy Management Centres (REMCs) to support the increasing penetration of renewables on the grid are growing. These REMCs were first proposed in April 2017, by a Power Ministry concerned about grid stability and security.
"Curtailment is the dark underbelly of [the] Indian power sector," Vinay Rustagi, managing director of consultancy firm Bridge to India, told PV Tech. "It is a highly murky subject as there is no definitive data and no clarity on how and under what circumstances is power curtailed. MNRE has been trying to clamp down on it but the state authorities and [Distribution companies] Discoms are not answerable to MNRE."
This problem of central entities not having command over individual states has been the precursor to several scuffles within the PV industry. During 2017, for instance, Discoms were in the habit of renegotiating power purchase agreements (PPAs) with solar developers.
Rustagi went on to say that the size of the curtailment problem has grown to such an extent that it is now "too important to ignore". He added that new competitive bidding guidelines assure 100% compensation to developers and Bridge to India believes that developers are getting more assertive on their claims.
Indeed, Anand Kumar also stated: "Payment Security Mechanism to de-risk investments in renewable has been put in place. On the demand side, the Ministry is working with farmers and Commercial & Industrial (C&I) consumers to embed them into the renewables value chain as direct stakeholders."
Tamil Nadu was the first Indian state to experience the curtailment of solar – 'backing down' as it is referred to in the country – in the summer of 2016, although wind power systems had already been experiencing curtailment for some time at that point.
The Indian Power Ministry then put forward plans to compensate for grid curtailment of existing renewable energy projects as far back as May 2017, as the problem began to grow. A few months later, solar operators were subjected to far more stringent forecasting requirements of energy production, with the threat of penalties thrown in.
Indeed, grid integration and curtailment have been the 'head in the sand' issue running behind much of the breakneck PV sector growth in the last four years. In July 2017, A report released by the central government countered such worries by claiming that India's famously weak grids should be able to integrate the planned addition of 175GW of renewable energy by 2022.
In a separate but related scenario, PV Tech revealed last year that India's first solar and wind hybrid project by Hero Future Energies in the state of Karnataka was due to be retrofitted with energy storage after strong winds in its first year led to a curtailment of solar production, although the off-takers, in this case, were C&I consumers.
Latest clean energy figures
MNRE recently released a table of state-wide renewable energy progress over the last three years between April 2016 to October 2019. The leading states in this period were as follows:
Capacity (MW)
Karnataka 6,351
Rajasthan 3,466
Telangana 3,093
Andhra Pradesh 2,744
Tamil Nadu 2,033
Gujarat 1,559
Madhya Pradesh 1,340
Maharashtra 1,266
Overall, across all Indian states, PV capacity reached 24933.45MW.
Tags: india, backdown, curtailment, bridge to india, vinay rustagi, discoms, mnre, remc, payment security, compensation, cop25
PV IndiaTech
Apr 21 - Apr 22, 2020
The PV IndiaTech 2020 conference will continue to bring together all key domestic and overseas stakeholders, including government bodies, investors, and the leading companies today from manufacturing to O&M and asset management. To thrive globally as a major PV power beyond 2020, India has to succeed in unlocking its potential both to manufacture and to lay claim to quality utility-scale solar farms that are providing high returns on investment to site owners.
SECI issues 1.2GW hybrid renewables and floating-plus-storage tenders
Indian Railways plans 1GW of PV, opens solar section on southern line
IHS Markit remains bullish on global solar demand hitting 142GW in 2020
Blows to bifacial, African blackouts, climate warnings: Solar's top stories of 2019 (part four)
Endesa to replace Spanish coal complex with 'Europe's largest PV plant'