text:
Justia Patents Interdigited (comb-shaped) ElectrodesUS Patent for Array substrate, manufacturing method thereof, display panel and display apparatus Patent (Patent # 10,317,739)
Array substrate, manufacturing method thereof, display panel and display apparatus
Aug 17, 2016 - BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD.
Embodiments of the disclosure provide an array substrate, a manufacturing method for an array substrate, a display panel, and a display apparatus. The array substrate according to one embodiment including a gate line extending in a first direction, a data line extending in a second direction different from the first direction, a first common electrode line extending in the first direction, a second common electrode line extending in the second direction, and common electrodes in which the common electrodes at both sides of and adjacent to the second common electrode line are electrically connected to the second common electrode line.
Latest BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD. Patents:
METHOD FOR MAKING THIN FILM TRANSISTOR, THIN FILM TRANSISTOR, BACK PLATE AND DISPLAY DEVICE
DISPLAY BACKPLATE AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREOF, DISPLAY PANEL AND DISPLAY DEVICE
Touch Screen, Method of Manufacturing Touch Screen, and Display Device Including Touch Screen
CONTENT PRESENTING METHOD AND SYSTEM
SHIFT REGISTER, METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SAME, GATE DRIVING CIRCUIT AND DISPLAY APPARATUS
This patent application is a National Stage Entry of PCT/CN2016/095663 filed on Aug. 17, 2016, which claims the benefit and priority of Chinese Patent Application No. 201610235147.8 filed on Apr. 15, 2016, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety as part of the present application.
Embodiments of the disclosure relate to display field, and more particularly, to an array substrate, a manufacturing method for an array substrate, a display panel, and a display apparatus.
During driving of a liquid crystal in a liquid crystal display apparatus, an electric field is formed between a pixel electrode and a common electrode and the liquid crystal is deflected, an angle by which the liquid crystal is deflected will vary and transmittance will vary by controlling a signal of the pixel electrode, thereby forming display of different pictures.
During driving of the liquid crystal, the ideal state of the common electrode is a constant value. In practice, however, the common electrode is overlapped with both an in-plane gate line and a data line, thus there will be a coupling capacitance. Since signals of the gate line and the data line are changing constantly, the signal of the common electrode will be pulled under the action of the coupling capacitance. Defects such as after image, greenish, crosstalk etc. will arise when the common electrode has been pulled, which are several difficult-to-solve defects in a display.
Generally, the related defects are solved mainly by optimizing peripheral common electrode lines of a display panel and compensating for signals of common electrodes of the circuit. However, with product upgrading, frame of a product becomes narrower and narrower, the space for peripheral common electrode lines is compressed and wiring resistance is increased, such that the related defects cannot be improved even by circuit compensation. Within a display panel of a prior design, metal common electrodes (formed by metal of gate lines) only exist in lateral direction, while in longitudinal direction, they are connected mainly through Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and vias, and uniformity of the longitudinal common electrodes is poor.
To solve the above problem in the art, embodiments of the disclosure significantly improve the uniformity in resistance of the common electrodes by adding a longitudinal common electrode line. Specifically, the following technical solutions are provided.
[1] An array substrate includes a gate line extending in a first direction, a data line extending in a second direction different from the first direction, a first common electrode line extending in the first direction, a second common electrode line extending in the second direction, and common electrodes in which the common electrodes at both sides of and adjacent to the second common electrode line are electrically connected to the second common electrode line.
In the array substrate of the above solution [1], the uniformity in resistance of the common electrodes is improved by adding a second common electrode line in a second direction, which improves defects such as after image, greenish, crosstalk etc.
[2] The array substrate according to the above solution [1], wherein the gate line, the first common electrode line, and the second common electrode line are formed in a same layer with a same conductive material.
[3] The array substrate according to the above solution [2], wherein the first common electrode line and the second common electrode line are directly connected.
In the array substrate of the above solutions [2] and [3], by forming the first common electrode line and the second common electrode line in a same layer with a same conductive material, manufacturing cost will not be increased while improving the uniformity in resistance of the common electrodes. Further, by directly connecting the first common electrode line and the second common electrode line, thereby forming a network of common electrode lines, the uniformity in resistance of the common electrodes can be further improved.
[4] The array substrate according to any one of the above solutions [1] to [3], wherein the common electrodes at both sides of the gate line and not adjacent to the second common electrode line are electrically connected via pixel electrode material across the gate line.
[5] The array substrate according to any one of the above solutions [1] to [4], wherein pixel units at both sides of the second common electrode line are in mirror relationship.
In the array substrate of the above solution [5], by making pixel units at both sides of the second common electrode line being in mirror relationship, aperture ratio will not be affected while improving the uniformity in resistance of the common electrodes.
[6] The array substrate according to any one of the above solutions [1] to [5], wherein there are driving circuits connected to the gate line at both sides of the second common electrode line.
[7] The array substrate according to the above solution [6], wherein, in case that the number of the second common electrode line is one, the gate lines at both sides of the second common electrode line are not connected.
[8] The array substrate according to the above solution [6], wherein, in case that the number of the second common electrode line is more than one, the gate lines at both sides of one of the plurality of second common electrode lines are not connected, and the gate lines at both sides of the remaining second common electrode lines of the plurality of second common electrode lines are electrically connected via pixel electrode material across the remaining second common electrode lines.
[9] The array substrate according to any one of the above solutions [1] to [8], wherein there is a driving circuit connected to the gate line at only one side of the second common electrode line.
[10] The array substrate according to the above solution [9], wherein the gate lines at both sides of the second common electrode line are electrically connected via pixel electrode material across the second common electrode line.
[11] The array substrate according to any one of the above solutions [1] to [10], wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
[12] The array substrate according to any one of the above solutions [1] to [11], wherein at least one of the gate line, the first common electrode line, and the second common electrode line includes metal.
[13] The array substrate according to any one of the above solutions [1] to [12], wherein at least one of the common electrode and the pixel electrode material includes Indium Tin Oxide.
[14] The array substrate according to any one of the above solutions [1], [4], [6], [9], [11] to [13], wherein the first common electrode line and the second common electrode line are in different layers.
[15] The array substrate according to the above solution [14], wherein the first common electrode line and the second common electrode line are electrically connected at an intersection through a via.
[16] A display panel including the array substrate according to any one of the above solutions [1] to [15].
[17] A display apparatus including the array substrate according to any one of the above solutions [1] to [15].
The above display panel and display apparatus possess the advantages of the above array substrate, that is, the advantages of improving the uniformity in resistance of the common electrodes, and improving defects such as after image, greenish, crosstalk, etc.
[18] A manufacturing method for an array substrate includes forming common electrodes on the substrate, forming a gate line extending in a first direction on the substrate, forming a first common electrode line extending in the first direction on the substrate, and forming a second common electrode line extending in a second direction different from the first direction on the substrate, wherein the common electrodes at both sides of and adjacent to the second common electrode line are electrically connected to the second common electrode line.
In the manufacturing method for an array substrate of the above solution [18], the uniformity in resistance of the common electrodes is improved by adding a second common electrode line in a second direction, which improves defects such as after image, greenish, crosstalk, etc.
To illustrate the technical solutions of embodiments of the disclosure more clearly, drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is apparent that the below described drawings are merely some of the embodiments of the disclosure, and are not limitations on the present disclosure.
FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a two-side driving array substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a two-side driving array substrate according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 1C is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1B.
FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a two-side driving array substrate according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 2B is a sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 2A.
FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a single-side driving array substrate according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along line C-C in FIG. 3A.
FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a single-side driving array substrate according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along line D-D in FIG. 4A.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single-side driving array substrate according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a GOA driving array substrate according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a COF driving array substrate according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of an existing array substrate, and FIG. 8B is a sectional view taken along line E-E in FIG. 8A.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an existing GOA driving array substrate.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an existing COF driving array substrate.
To make the technical solutions and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below clearly and completely in connection with the drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are just part of rather than all of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Based on the described embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within protection scope of the present disclosure.
In description of the present disclosure, it should be noted that, orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "up", "down", "top" and "bottom" are orientation or positional relationship shown based on the drawings. These terms are only for convenience of description and for simplifying description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have particular orientation, being constructed or operated in particular orientation, thus, they should not be construed to be limitation on the present disclosure.
Furthermore, in description of the present disclosure, the phase "a plurality of" means two or more and "a plurality of lines" means two or more lines unless otherwise stated.
FIGS. 8A-10 illustrate existing array substrates. Specifically, FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of an existing array substrate, and FIG. 8B is a sectional view taken along line E-E in FIG. 8A. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an existing GOA (Gate Driver on Array) driving array substrate. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an existing COF (Chip On Flex or Chip On Film) driving array substrate.
As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, a lateral common electrode line is formed in parallel to a gate line 1, and in longitudinal direction, common electrodes 9 at both sides of the gate line 1 are connected through pixel electrode material (such as ITO) 8 and two vias 7. Since resistivity of the pixel electrode material 8 is much larger than that of metal, uniformity of in-plane resistance of the longitudinal common electrodes is poor.
Embodiments of the disclosure significantly improve the uniformity in resistance of the common electrodes by adding a longitudinal common electrode line.
Next, various embodiments of the disclosure will be described in detail in conjunction with drawings.
<Array Substrate>
As shown in FIG. 1A, an array substrate of the present embodiment includes a gate line 1 extending in a first direction, a data line 5 extending in a second direction different from the first direction, a first common electrode line 2 extending in the first direction, a second common electrode line 3 extending in the second direction, and common electrodes 9 in which the common electrodes at both sides of and adjacent to the second common electrode line are electrically connected to the second common electrode line.
As shown in FIGS. 1A-1C, pixel units having pixel electrodes and common electrodes are formed at regions divided by the gate line 1 and the data line 5. The common electrodes of a plurality of pixel units arranged in the second direction are all separated by the gate line 1. In addition, when the common electrodes and the gate line 1 are not in a same layer, it may also be the case that the common electrodes of at least part of a plurality of pixel units arranged in the second direction are separated.
In FIG. 1A, although a two-side driving array substrate is shown, it is appreciated that driving manner of the present embodiment is not limited to two-side driving, it may also be single-side driving or any other driving manner known to those skilled in the art.
In addition, although the driving circuit 6 shown in FIG. 1A is COF, the driving circuit of the present embodiment is not limited to COF, it may also be GOA or any other driving circuit known to those skilled in the art.
In addition, although it is shown in FIG. 1A that the gate line 1 and the first common electrode line 2 extend in lateral direction, that is, the first direction is lateral direction, the array substrate of the present embodiment is not limited thereto, the gate line 1 and the first common electrode line 2 may also extend in longitudinal direction. In the present embodiment, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. Next, the description is made by taking that the first direction is lateral direction and the second direction is longitudinal direction for example.
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1A, the gate line 1, the first common electrode line 2, and the second common electrode line 3 are formed in a same layer and are made of a same conductive material. Further, as shown in FIG. 1A, the first common electrode line 2 and the second common electrode line 3 are directly connected and form a crossroad like shape at the intersection.
In the present embodiment, by forming the gate line, the first common electrode line, and the second common electrode line in a same layer with a same conductive material, manufacturing cost will not be increased while improving the uniformity in resistance of the common electrodes. Further, by directly connecting the first common electrode line and the second common electrode line, thereby forming a network of common electrode lines, the uniformity in resistance of the common electrodes can be further improved.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of gate lines 1 and first common electrode lines 2 are formed. There may be one or multiple second common electrode lines 3. Next, an array substrate having one second common electrode line 3 and driven from two sides will be described in conjunction with FIG. 1A.
As shown in FIG. 1A, each pixel unit has one switching circuit 4, the switching circuit 4 may be any switching circuit known to those skilled in the art, such as a TFT transistor, and the present embodiment has no limitation thereon. Next, the description will be made by taking TFT transistor for example.
One of a source and a drain of the TFT transistor is connected to the data line 5, and the other is connected to the pixel electrode 10, a gate of the TFT transistor is connected to the gate line 1.
In the present embodiment, the gate line, the first common electrode line, and the second common electrode line include metal or other conductive material having high conductivity, and the present embodiment has no limitation thereon.
In the present embodiment, the common electrodes 9 and the pixel electrodes 10 include Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or other material having high conductivity and transparency, and the present embodiment has no limitation thereon.
As shown in FIG. 1A, the common electrodes 9 at both sides of and adjacent to the second common electrode line 3 (that is, the four common electrodes in the middle of FIG. 1A) are electrically connected to the second common electrode line 3 directly, so that the uniformity in resistance of the longitudinal common electrodes may be improved, and defects such as after image, greenish, crosstalk, etc. are improved.
In addition, the common electrodes not adjacent to the second common electrode line 3 in the longitudinal direction are interrupted in the longitudinal direction by the gate line 1, these common electrodes 9 located at both sides of the gate line 1 (that is, the four outmost common electrodes in FIG. 1A) are electrically connected via pixel electrode material 8 and two vias 7.
As shown in FIG. 1A, since the array substrate is driven from two sides and only one second common electrode line 3 is inserted, there is no need to connect the gate line at both sides of the second common electrode line and interrupted by the second common electrode line.
FIG. 1A shows an embodiment in which a second common electrode line 3 is inserted next to the data line 5 in a case that arrangement of the pixel units is not changed, however, the present embodiment is not limited thereto. In order not to make aperture ratio decrease, it is also possible to insert a second common electrode line at the location of the original data line 5, then what is needed is to arrange the pixel units at both sides of the second common electrode line into mirror relationship, and FIG. 1B shows such an embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1B, the pixel units at both sides of the second common electrode line are in mirror relationship. In the present embodiment, the pixel units at both sides of the second common electrode line are made in mirror relationship by changing arrangement of the pixel units within the array substrate, and in contrast to the embodiment in which a second common electrode line is added next to the data line 5 shown in FIG. 1A, decrease in aperture ratio can be avoided.
The following embodiments will be described by taking that the pixel units at both sides of the second common electrode line are in mirror relationship for example, however, it is appreciated that, in the following embodiments, the second common electrode line may also be inserted as in FIG. 1A, so that arrangement manner of the pixel units may not be changed.
An embodiment in which there is one second common electrode line 3 has been described above, however, the number of the second common electrode line is not limited to one, and there may be any number of second common electrode lines. A case in which there are a plurality of second common electrode lines 3 and the array substrate is driven from two sides will be described below in conjunction with FIGS. 2A-2B.
As shown in FIGS. 2A-2B, the number of the second common electrode lines is three, however, it is appreciated that there may be any number of second common electrode lines. The description below will be made by taking three second common electrode lines for example.
As shown in FIG. 2A, in case that three second common electrode lines are inserted, the pixel units at both sides of each second common electrode line are also in mirror relationship, which is the same as the description made in conjunction with FIGS. 1A-1C. Furthermore, the common electrodes adjacent to each second common electrode line in longitudinal direction are electrically connected to each second common electrode line directly, which is also the same as the description made in conjunction with FIGS. 1A-1C, and the description of which will be omitted.
The gate lines at both sides of the second common electrode line in the middle, as in FIGS. 1A-1C, are also not connected. It differs from the FIGS. 1A-1C in that, the gate lines at both sides of the left and right second common electrode line are electrically connected through pixel electrode material 13 across the second common electrode line and two vias 12.
Although it is shown in FIGS. 2A-2B that the gate lines at both sides of the second common electrode line in the middle are not connected, the present embodiment is not limited thereto. In case of two-side driving, for a plurality of second common electrode lines, it is allowed that the gate lines at both sides of one second common electrode line (which may be any second common electrode line) are not connected, while the gate lines at both sides of the remaining second common electrode lines except that second common electrode line need to be electrically connected through pixel electrode material 13 across the remaining second common electrode lines and vias 12, so as to ensure that a driving voltage is inputted to the gate of the switching circuit of each pixel unit.
An embodiment in which the array substrate is driven from two sides has been described above, however, the manner of driving an array substrate is not limited to two-side driving, and it may be any driving manner known to those skilled in the art, such as single-side driving. An embodiment of single-side driving will be described below in conjunction with FIGS. 3A-3B and FIGS. 4A-4B.
As shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, the array substrate is driven by a driving circuit (such as COF) 6 disposed at one side. In case of single-side driving, the gate lines interrupted by the second common electrode line 3 need to be electrically connected. As shown in FIG. 3, the gate lines at both sides of the second common electrode line are electrically connected through pixel electrode material 8 across the second common electrode line and two vias 7.
Except that the interrupted gate lines need to connected, other structure of the single-side driving array substrate shown in FIG. 3 is the same as that of the two-side driving array substrate described in connection with FIG. 1, and the description of which will be omitted.
Although only one second common electrode line is shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, in case of single-side driving, however, a plurality of second common electrode lines may be provided. An embodiment in which three second common electrode lines are provided in case of single-side driving will be described below in conjunction with FIGS. 4A-4B, however, it is appreciated that any number of second common electrode lines may be provided.
As shown in FIGS. 4A-4B, in case of single-side driving, the gate lines at both sides of all the second common electrode lines are electrically connected through pixel electrode material 13 across the second common electrode line and vias 12. Except for the foregoing, other structure is the same as the embodiment described above in conjunction with FIGS. 3A-3B, and the description of which will be omitted.
Although an embodiment in which the second common electrode line 3 is in a same layer as the gate line 1 and the first common electrode line 2 and is formed with a same conductive material has been described above, the present embodiment is not limited thereto, it is also possible to set the second common electrode line in a layer different from the gate line 1 and the first common electrode line 2.
An embodiment in which the second common electrode line 3 is not in a same layer as the gate line 1 and the first common electrode line 2 will be described below in conjunction with FIG. 5.
As shown in FIG. 5, compared with the gate line 1 and the first common electrode line 2, the second common electrode line is at an upper layer, the first common electrode line 2, and the second common electrode line 3 are electrically connected through an via 11 at an intersection of the two.
In case that the second common electrode line 3 is not in a same layer as the gate line 1 and the first common electrode line 2, the gate line 1 will not be interrupted by the second common electrode line 3, so that there is no need to connect the interrupted gate lines as in the above embodiment.
In addition, the pixel units at both sides of the second common electrode line 3, as in the above embodiment, are also in mirror relationship, so that decrease in aperture ratio can also be avoided.
In the present embodiment, the second common electrode line 3 is made from metal or a material having high conductivity, whereby uniformity in resistance of the longitudinal common electrodes may be improved, and defects such as after image, greenish, crosstalk etc. are improved.
In addition, to facilitate understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure, corresponding to the diagram of the existing array substrate in FIG. 10, a COF two-side driving array substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is as shown in FIG. 7 in which a second common electrode line is provided in longitudinal direction. Although one second common electrode line is shown in FIG. 7, it is appreciated that there may be a plurality of second common electrode lines.
Although an embodiment of the array substrate is described above by taking COF driving for example, it is appreciated that the driving manner may also be GOA or other driving manner known to those skilled in the art.
For example, in case that an array substrate uses GOA driving, as shown in FIG. 6, a second common electrode line may also be provided in longitudinal direction. Although one longitudinal common electrode line is shown in FIG. 6, as in the above described embodiment, it is also possible to provide a plurality of longitudinal common electrode lines.
<Display Panel>
Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display panel including the array substrate according to one of the above embodiments.
The display panel according to the present embodiment, due to having the array substrate according to one of the above embodiments, can improve the uniformity in resistance of the longitudinal common electrodes, and improve defects such as after image, greenish, crosstalk, etc.
<Display Apparatus>
Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display apparatus including the array substrate according to one of the above embodiments.
The display apparatus according to the present embodiment, due to having the array substrate according to one of the above embodiments, can improve the uniformity in resistance of the longitudinal common electrodes, and improve defects such as after image, greenish, crosstalk, etc.
<Manufacturing Method for an Array Substrate>
Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a manufacturing method for an array substrate, including forming common electrodes on the substrate, forming a gate line extending in a first direction on the substrate, forming a first common electrode line extending in the first direction on the substrate, and forming a second common electrode line extending in a second direction different from the first direction on the substrate, wherein the common electrodes at both sides of and adjacent to the second common electrode line are electrically connected to the second common electrode line.
The manufacturing method for an array substrate according to the present embodiment, by forming a second common electrode line in a second direction, can improve the uniformity in resistance of the common electrodes, and improve defects such as after image, greenish, crosstalk etc.
Although an array substrate, a manufacturing method for an array substrate, a display panel and a display apparatus according to the present disclosure have been described above through some exemplary embodiments, the above embodiments are not exhaustive and those skilled in the art can realize various changes and modifications within spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiment, and the scope of which is only defined by the accompany claims.
1. An array substrate comprising:
a gate line extending in a first direction;
a plurality of first common electrode lines, each of the plurality of first common electrode lines extending in the first direction and the plurality of first common electrode lines extending parallel with each other; and
at least one second common electrode line, each at least one second common electrode line extending in a second direction different from the first direction, and every at least one second common line extending parallel with each other;
wherein the gate line and the at least one second common electrode line are formed in a same layer, wherein the gate line is divided into two parts by the at least one second common electrode line, and wherein pixel units at both sides of the second common electrode line are in a mirror relationship.
2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the gate line, the plurality of first common electrode lines, and the at least one second common electrode line are formed in a same layer with a same conductive material.
3. The array substrate according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of first common electrode lines and the at least one second common electrode line are directly connected.
4. The array substrate according to claim 2, wherein common electrodes at both sides of the gate line and not adjacent to the at least one second common electrode line are electrically connected via conductive metal across the gate line.
6. The array substrate according to claim 5, wherein the conductive metal is formed in a same layer with a pixel electrode.
7. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein, when the number of the second common electrode line is one, the gate lines at both sides of the second common electrode line are not connected, and the array substrate further comprises driving circuits at both sides of the array substrate, wherein the gate lines at both sides of the second common electrode line are each connected to a respective one of the driving circuits at a respective same side of the array substrate.
8. The array substrate according to claim 7, wherein the gate lines at both sides of the second common electrode line are connected via conductive metal across the second common electrode line, and the array substrate comprises a driving circuit connected to the gate line at only one side of the second common electrode line.
9. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein, when the number of the second common electrode line is more than one, the gate lines at both sides of a first of the plurality of second common electrode lines are not connected, and wherein the gate lines at both sides of the remaining second common electrode lines of the plurality of second common electrode lines are electrically connected via conductive metal across the remaining second common electrode lines, and the array substrate further comprises driving circuits at both sides of the array substrate, wherein the gate lines at both sides of the first of the plurality of second common electrode lines are connected to a respective one of the driving circuits at a respective same side of the array substrate.
10. The array substrate according to claim 9, wherein the gate lines at both sides of the first of the plurality of second common electrode lines are electrically connected via conductive metal across the first of the plurality of second common electrode lines, and the array substrate comprises a driving circuit connected to the gate line at only one side of the first of the plurality of second common electrode lines.
11. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
12. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the gate line and the at least one second common electrode line are formed with a same conductive material.
13. A display panel comprising the array substrate according to claim 1.
14. A display apparatus comprising the array substrate according to claim 1.
15. A manufacturing method for an array substrate, the manufacturing method comprising:
forming a gate line extending in a first direction on the substrate;
forming a plurality of first common electrode lines on the substrate, each of the plurality of first common electrode lines extending in the first direction and the plurality of first common electrodes extending parallel with each other; and
forming at least one second common electrode line on the substrate, each at least one second common electrode line extending in a second direction different from the first direction and every at least one second common electrode line extending parallel with each other, wherein the gate line and the at least one second common electrode line are formed in a same layer, and the gate line is divided into two parts by the at least one second common electrode line;
wherein pixel units at both sides of the at least one second common electrode line are in a mirror relationship.
16. An array substrate comprising:
wherein the gate line and the at least one second common electrode line are formed in a same layer, and the gate line is divided into two parts by the at least one second common electrode line; and
wherein, when the number of the second common electrode line is more than one, the gate lines at both sides of a first of the plurality of second common electrode lines are not connected, and wherein the gate lines at both sides of the remaining second common electrode lines of the plurality of second common electrode lines are electrically connected via conductive metal across the remaining second common electrode lines, and the array substrate further comprises driving circuits at both sides of the array substrate, wherein the gate lines at both sides of the first of the plurality of second common electrode lines are connected to a respective one of the driving circuits at a respective same side of the array substrate.
20030133066 July 17, 2003 Ono
20050140896 June 30, 2005 Chae
20080111962 May 15, 2008 Lin
20140131718 May 15, 2014 Xue
103077944 May 2013 CN
202975548 June 2013 CN
104216183 December 2014 CN
104914640 September 2015 CN
20110031597 March 2011 KR
English translation of PCT International Search Report, Application No. PCT/CN2016/095663, dated Jan. 20, 2017, 2 pages.
PCT Written Opinion, Application No. PCT/CN2016/095663, dated Jan. 20, 2017, 6 pages.: with English translation of relevant part.
Assignees: BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD. (Beijing), HEFEI XINSHENG OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. (Hefei, Anhui)
Inventors: Peng Jiang (Beijing), Haipeng Yang (Beijing), Ke Dai (Beijing), Yongjun Yoon (Beijing), Zhangtao Wang (Beijing)
Primary Examiner: Thoi V Duong
Current U.S. Class: Interdigited (comb-shaped) Electrodes (349/141)
International Classification: G02F 1/1343 (20060101); G02F 1/1345 (20060101); G02F 1/133 (20060101); G02F 1/1362 (20060101);


I've seen Dunkirk twice, the first time I couldn't look away, the second time I was constantly waiting for every gunshot, explosion and surprise. The constant, unrelenting tenseness of this film is stunning and I left the cinema both times feeling as if I'd just ran a race, the adrenaline coursing through me throughout made it an exhausting experience.
Christopher Nolan has been one of my favourite directors for years. The Batman films are superb works and Inception will forever be one of my favourite films out there. So I can appreciate the effort that Nolan puts into making his films as perfect as he can, in Dunkirk that shows. From every uniform worn by the troops awaiting rescue to the sound of a Spitfires Merlin engine (one of my favourite noises ever).
Talking about the purr of Merlin engines, the sound design is phenomenal. The crack of rifle fire sounds as if, and probably was, recorded right next to the Enfield rifles going off. The sound of dive bombers swooping in instills true fear. And the bang of high explosive impacting the sea honestly shook me in my seat.
The cast must also be praised for fantastic performances all round. Tom Hardy (beautiful, beautiful Tom Hardy) plays a Spitfire pilot up in air for an hour who, even though you barely see his face, his performance drags you into his little world in the cockpit of his fighter. Kenneth Branagh plays the part of the stoic admiral attempting to organise the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Forces and the French army. Also if anyone could point out who the hell Harry Styles is playing that would be great, because apparently he's in it.
This is a film that has to be seen, both times I saw it the cinema was packed, its a true masterpiece in cinematography. Go see it!


The Metro Area Wall Maps of Kansas selected by MapSales.com represent the finest Metro Area Wall Maps of Kansas from our leading publishers. They are beautiful displays for your office, conference room and class room. Metro Area Wall Maps of Kansas are perfect in your home as well. Each Metro Area Wall Map of Kansas is full of information and looks great in almost any room!


Ken Demlow with HR Green will discuss the FCC's 5G and Small Cell Order and what cities should do to prepare themselves for the April 15th deadline.
Hi there, You are invited to a Zoom meeting. When: Mar 28, 2019 12:00 PM Central Time (US and Canada) Register in advance for this meeting: https://zoom.us/meeting/register/8cf34323bd97d8cd66858a512be5123a After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the meeting.


Check out our BEACHBLOCK Listing at 708 9th Street, 2nd Flr. This condo is located steps to beach and boards in beautiful Ocean City New Jersey! Exceptional rental history! 3 bedrooms, 2 full baths, front deck with ocean views & PRIVATE Rooftop deck perfect for catching rays or first hand view of the fireworks! Seperate garage, owner storage and direct access to unit. Outside shower! Offered furnished and equipped this a turn key property that you won't want to miss.
Listing provided courtesy of Bhhs Fox And Roach-109 34th Oc.


text:
Fear The Walking Dead and Walking Dead crossover: Kim Dickens thinks it\'s not \'out of the question\'
By Kabita Maharana
Characters to take asylum in a cruise ship in order to escape zombies in Fear The Walking Dead season 2 AMC
Fans of Fear The Walking Dead can soon expect a premiere date as the production for season two has begun in the Baja peninsula in Mexico at Baja Studios. But there is more to feel excited about as series star Kim Dickens, who plays Madison Clark in the AMC zombie drama, has said she is "game" for a crossover with The Walking Dead.
"I think we were just sort of led to believe early on that there was no crossover — it was a little bit different time period, a different story, different location, different characters," she told Digital Spy. "But I don't think it's anything that's out of the question. I'm sure the writers would do it in a fantastic way, but I have no idea if they're going to do it. I would be game for it!" Dickens added.
Earlier, executive producer Gale Anne Hurd had said a TWD and FTWD crossover is geographically not possible. "I mean our group of survivors in The Walking Dead haven't even made it as far as Washington DC yet, in six seasons, and they are not that far away. So for the Fear characters to make it across the country? For what? I mean why would you go there? I mean how would we motivate our characters to head to DC, or, you know, to head to the Southeast," she told Deadline.
The second season of FTWD will focus on the families of Travis Manawa, Madison and Daniel Salazar. The survivors fled Los Angeles after it was swarmed by the undeads and the army in the area literally made the apocalypse turn worse with their haphazard way of handling the terror of the mysterious flu virus.
The upcoming season will also focus on the relationship between Travis and Madison as both have shown different attitudes while dealing with the calamity. While Maddie is eager to kill a few zombies in order to save her children, the high school teacher is still not ready to leave his good man attire.
Cliff Curtis who plays Travis in the popular thriller hints that FTWD season 2 will be more about the relationship between Maddie and Travis and how they will struggle with their teen children and Strand.
"I'm more focused on the relationship between mine and Kim's character, seeing how they come together and reconstitute their relationship. I want to see how they build a family out of that, and keep their family and take care of their family. But Nick is in the Strand camp, and Travis doesn't really align with that. So I think there continues to be tension between him and Nick," he told MTV.
More about Fear The Walking Dead
Fear The Walking Dead plot and filming update: Strand\'s mysterious character to play key role in season 2
Fear The Walking Dead season 2: Flight 462 provides hints on how new characters will enter the cruise ship
Fear The Walking Dead: Executive Producer Gale Anne Hurd explains why Travis is not like Rick Grimes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Huck's diverse range of rope play equipment is designed and manufactured by Huck's play specialists at Huck Seiltechnik. The range includes pyramids, group swings, as well as jungle bridges, climbing nets and trampolines. Everything is designed to give extremely varied adventure landscapes and is suitable for all ages 0-99 years and all abilities.


text:
Home > Andrew Young School of Policy Studies > Urban Studies Institute > Publications > 46
USI Publications
Framing the Origins of Covid-19
Toby Bolsen, Georgia State UniversityFollow
Risa Palm, Georgia State UniversityFollow
Conspiracy theories have flourished about the origins of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes an acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) in humans. This paper reports the results from a study that evaluates the impact of exposure to framed messages about the origins of Covid-19. We tested four hypotheses: two focusing on its origins as either zoonotic or human-engineered, and two concerning the impacts of origin beliefs on the desire to penalize China or support increased funding for biomedical research. The results accentuate the importance of finding ways to combat the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories related to this global pandemic.
Author manuscript version of an article to be published in Sage Publications Science Communications COVID ISSUE: Framing the Origins of Covid-19.
Bolsen, Toby and Palm, Risa, "Framing the Origins of Covid-19" (2020). USI Publications. 46.
https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/urban_studies_institute/46
Urban Studies and Planning Commons


Psycho-Cybernetics was one of the most +1 recommended books in a forum post I read recently where someone was asking for advice on what to read to get into the right mindset. I was really surprised by how many people said that this book changed their lives, especially considering the age of it.
But today I found someone's "notes" from the book and I can see that it's a book about understanding psychology and self-image and how to attain what you want through visualization. While on the 'hunt' for information about this book, I also read many people's blog posts about how they had applied the books principals to change their lives for the better (quit smoking, lose weight, become wealthy, travel the world) and so on.
Understand the basic psychology of mental imagery first.
You get what you put in. Put your heart into what you picture and work systematically and with self-discipline and focus.
Work on your self-image as often as you can; ideally, at least 10 min. per day for 2 weeks.
Verbalisation greatly enhances visualisation. Discuss your image with others, write down the details each day in a journal, mentally describe it as you meditate on the details.
Everyone can do it. Worry is negative mental rehearsal. If you can worry you can goal visualise. Turn the problem-focus into solution-focus, the negative into a positive.
If you are a beginner, persevere. It gets easier to visualise after the first few stages of your practice.
Your self-image fundamentally provides your brain with direction.
Begin simply by exploring the idea of your goal. Refining it's implications and consequences. Define what you want to happen.
Remind yourself that it is possible, continually reinforce your focus on the fact that it could happen, feeling that it is a realistic possibility.
Picture goal "as if" it is happening now.
Picture your goal as happening right now, picture it over and over again, strengthening it, and adding more detail. Build belief by telling yourself that it will happen.
Very important: Verbalization is the key to strong visual imagery!
Share your dreams, tell others about your vision of the future.
Write down the details in your journal.
Describe your goals to yourself as you simultaneously picture them.
A normal goal visualization programme would be 10-20 min. per day for roughly 2 weeks.
If you really want to achieve a goal you might decide to throw yourself wholes into the process and picture your goal with all your heart in every spare waking moment for as long as it takes to get there.
Depressed clients typically find it difficult to picture their goals.
Realising that you are speaking the wrong language when you communicate with yourself is the first step in changing negative behaviour and improving your internal rapport, your relationship with yourself.
People are motivated either by pain or by pleasure, aversion or desire. We either focus on the pain of what we are trying to get away from, or on the pleasure of what we are trying to get to.
Unfortunately, when we focus on negative images, we tend to feel weaker and more distressed, this prevents us from taking action to resolve the situation.
Turn the negative into a positive, turn the problem-focus into solution-focus.
Remember: you don't need to know what the solution is in order to focus on the search for it. Where there's a will, there's a way.
Previous Post Plugins to help Optimize & Cleanup WordPress (to make your host happy)Next Post Are you up for the 21 day challenge?
Where do our thoughts and dreams come from?


The "Sympathy" pattern is mainly green for the stems and light blue for the petals, with splashes of rede for the stamens. Beautifully crafted and much safer than scented candles or potpouri burners or incense to give out your favorite fragrances.
Enjoy the beauty in your home of this beautiful, hand crafted piece.
This intriguing hand-blown glass ornament serves two purposes. When displayed in a window, or around another light source, its beautiful color sparkles in the light, giving your room a special glow. Paired with its own special scent, it diffuses a hint of classic fragrance to create a welcoming atmosphere for family and friends. The diffuser may be displayed on desks, night stands or shelves.
Reed is very porous and excellent for diffusion. Each reed stick contains 20 or more individual cellular sections that run from top to bottom of the reed, think of 20 micro-mini straws, totally open to pull liquid from bottom to top. This wicks the fragrance from inside the bottle, carries it to the top surface of the reed, and releases the fragrance into the air naturally.
Kitras Hand-Blown Art Glass Ornaments make a special, unique gift for a loved one in your life. Crafted by artisans in Canada using ages old glass blowing techniques, these hand blown art glass scent diffusers are made up of a beautiful mix of colors, with slender tendrils rising from bottom to top. A small oil vial is blown within each of the diffusers to hold the oil, so only a small amount is needed to fill the room with fragrance. Each one is unique and unlike any other in its combination of colors and patterns. The photos are just an illustration of this combination.
Being hand blown, these balls vary a bit in size, with a diameter of around 4". Hand crafted by Kitras artisans in Fergus, Ontario, Canada.


The premier Wedding Florist for elegant flowers and decor. Why Pay More for Elegant Wedding Floral and Decor? Call us today for a free Consultation.
Its all about the details, and we are good at details. From the moment we meet you for the first time, you will know Magical Events and Weddings has got the expertise and vision to be your florist.
Debbie Dunning The Wedding Florist and designer can give you a Custom Package Quote. Or a full service custom design. Call or email us today.
Use the following form to connect with us directly: We highly recomend your consultation to be set up at the location of your reception and or wedding ceremony site.


The Ronald McDonald House Charities are always looking for groups of 4-15 volunteers to help prepare and serve meals for their guest families.
The Family Meal Program allows families to enjoy a meal after spending the day with their child at the hospital. Your time, service and hospitality are essential to the mission of keeping families close. After a long day at the hospital, many families look forward to a well-balanced meal and time to connect as a family. Dinner volunteers choose the menu, purchase the ingredients, prepare the meal and serve our families every night.


The WPI Honors and Professional Society Networking Night will be held on Thursday January 31st from 5:30-8pm in the Odeum. This event is open to all WPI students and is ideal for students who are actively seeking Co-op, internship and full time positions.
Research companies who will be attending the event. Keep in mind it's important to speak with all employers as they may have valuable advice or connections they would be willing to share.
Registration is through your Handshake account and will open in October. To log-in or create a Handshake account, please click here: http://wpi.joinhandshake.com. Once you are logged in, from the homepage, click on "fairs" on the left-hand navigation bar. Then search for "WPI" in the search box to find the "Honors and Professional Society Networking Night" While there is not a registration deadline, we typically reach capacity before the event date so we recommend registering as early as possible. For more information, contact the CDC at cdc@wpi.edu.


According to our database1, Pushpendre Rastogi authored at least 16 papers between 2014 and 2018.
Neural Variational Entity Set Expansion for Automatically Populated Knowledge Graphs.
Training Relation Embeddings under Logical Constraints.
Predicting Asymmetric Transitive Relations in Knowledge Bases.
Inference is Everything: Recasting Semantic Resources into a Unified Evaluation Framework.
Efficient, Compositional, Order-sensitive n-gram Embeddings.
Problems With Evaluation of Word Embeddings Using Word Similarity Tasks.
Efficient implementation of enhanced adaptive simultaneous perturbation algorithms.
Multiview LSA: Representation Learning via Generalized CCA.
Script Induction as Language Modeling.
A Wikipedia-based Corpus for Contextualized Machine Translation.


text:
Non-Chocolate Candy Sales Set to Reach $11 Billion in 2018
Confectioners pivot to adjust as consumers increasingly seek indulgent yet "better-for-you" snack and candy products. Image: Daria-Yakovleva, Pixabay
ROCKVILLE, Md. -- Market research firm Packaged Facts estimates total retail dollar sales of the U.S. non-chocolate candy market will reach $11 billion in 2018, with sales increasing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3% between 2013 and 2018. Looking ahead, Packaged Facts forecasts sales will increase by a CAGR of more than 2% over the 2018 to 2023 period. Market sales consist of various sugary and fruity candies including licorice, gelatin-based gummies, and taffy, among others.
Also read, M&M'S Brand Introduces a New Way to Enjoy Chocolate!
The findings were published in the brand-new report Non-Chocolate Candy: U.S. Market Trends and Opportunities.
Like many segments of the U.S. food and beverage industry, non-chocolate candy was challenged by concerns about sugar consumption as more consumers tweaked their lifestyles to focus on improved health and nutrition. Nevertheless, for many consumers candy represents a simple comfort and marketers are finding ways to offer products that appeal to consumers of all ages and backgrounds.
"Non-chocolate candy is about indulgence and a sugar rush, and disproportionately appeals to children and younger adults. But there's also plenty of opportunity to reach older adults as well," says David Sprinkle, research director for Packaged Facts. "These consumers are increasingly looking for healthier more nutritious indulgences and better-for-you candies and snacks that still taste good. As a result we're seeing greater focus placed on the creation of healthier candies that feature nutritious ingredients or inclusions such at nuts, seeds, botanicals, and fruit."
The growing consumer demand for "clean labels" and "transparency" in packaged foods is also certainly impacting the snacking industry and candy market. These terms are subjective and vary in priority from consumer to consumer, but generally mean one or more of the following:
seeking out natural/organic and minimally processed products;
avoiding artificial or GMO ingredients, controversial ingredients such as high fructose corn syrup, or specific allergens such as gluten or soy;
demanding information on ingredient sourcing and processing, such as whether or not made in USA; and
addressing eco-consciousness and sustainability concerns.
At the same time, demand for the indulgent pleasures offered by traditional candy brands remains largely unabated. Although healthy snack brands—including non-chocolate candy products—are growing well, and often disproportionately, these products remain niche. The established powerhouse candy brands continue to deliver the lion's share of sales in the category, albeit tactically adopting and adapting clean label and transparency product attributes where feasible, notes Sprinkle.
This new report, Non-Chocolate Candy: U.S. Market Trends and Opportunities, is the companion to Packaged Facts' October 2018 report Chocolate Candy: U.S. Market Trends and Opportunities, 12th Edition and the upcoming study on the U.S. chewing gum market.
The report analyzes the trends, challenges, opportunities, and consumer demographics influencing this important segment of the U.S. food and beverage industry. The non-chocolate candy market is examined at both the manufacturer and retail level, including:
historical trends, total demand, and total shipments for non-chocolate candy in relation to other key snack food markets
historical data for and industry projections to 2023 for select market segments
retail channel shares
a breakout by brand and marketer of non-chocolate candy consumers examined based on age bracket, income bracket, gender, household structure, ethnicity, and geographical location
detailed analysis of marketing and new product trends, including illustrations of recent product introductions
View additional information about Non-Chocolate Candy: U.S. Market Trends and Opportunities, including purchase options, the abstract, table of contents, and related reports at Packaged Facts' website: https://www.packagedfacts.com/food-beverage-market-c84/.
SOURCE Packaged Facts
Stay informed with the latest news around foodservice, agriculture and other related food news.
Do you Enjoy our E-news & Updates?
Get our foodservice E-news, blogs and LTO's sent to your inbox, SUBSCRIBE HERE.
Advertisement Opportunities
To get your foodservice business in our daily e-news, here.
All Day Breakfast Menu
Beans Benefits
Beverage Company
Candy Company
Chicken Farm
Fast Food Chains
Grocery Retailer
Healthy Meals For Kids
Imported Foods
Imported Foods From Other Countries
Milk Industry
Milliennials
Nut Allergies
Produce Industry
Restaurant Ordering System
Sweet Tasting Desserts
Tree Nuts
Value Menu Offering
Ways To Reduce Food Waste


A wheat whiskey aged in ex-rye whiskey casks. The rye is therefore given a second chance to influence another of Salvatore Cimino's fantastic releases. Working as a Master Barber during the day at the 1512 Barber Shop, Sal is also a Master Distiller, previously producing an excellent Rye Whiskey and the Barbershop Rye spirit.
This wheat whiskey is the latest creation from the Cimino family, who have been distilling for over a hundred years dating back to Prohibition and beyond, to when the family still lived in Italy. Expect light, delicious caramels, spicy sultanas and a little refreshing citrus.


Obelisk Support, the UK's leading legal services provider and a certified WEConnect International certified business, has joined the global elite of companies who lead the way in putting people at the heart of their business, by being awarded the prestigious Investors in People accreditation - recognised across the world as a mark of excellence in people management.
This latest success comes just two weeks after Obelisk was named by The Times as one of the Top 50 Employers for Women in the UK.
London-based Obelisk provides professional outsourcing to in-house legal teams and major law firms. The founding principle behind the business is to re-engage highly skilled lawyers who leave the profession to raise families. Through Obelisk, lawyer parents choose the hours they want to work, giving them the flexibility they need to combine careers with family life.
Investors in People, which was established by the UK Government to help organisations get the best from their people, is at the cutting edge of people management excellence.


text:
Neymar accused of rape
Brazil superstar Neymar has been accused of raping a woman in Paris, although Neymar Snr denies the allegations made against his son.
Jon Fisher
02 June, 2019 08:53 IST
Brazil and PSG star Neymar had an injury-prone 2018-19 season. - Getty Images
Neymar has been accused of raping a woman in a Paris hotel, a Sao Paulo state official has confirmed to Omnisport.
A charge has been brought against the Paris Saint-Germain and Brazil forward by an unidentified woman following an incident in the French capital on May 15.
Neymar's father insists his son is not guilty of any wrongdoing and claims to "have proof that nothing happened".
READ| Neymar resumes Brazil training after injury scare
The alleged victim took her case to a police station in Sao Paulo that specialises in women's defence on May 31.
The woman claims she met Neymar after exchanging messages on Instagram and a friend of the player arranged for her to travel to France.
Neymar facing allegations of rape
It is further alleged that she met the player, who arrived drunk at around 20:00 CEST, at the Sofitel Paris Arc Du Triomphe where he later had non-consensual sex with her.
In the woman's testimony, she says she returned to Brazil on May 17 but was too emotionally shaken to report the incident until now.
ALSO READ| Dani Alves to replace Neymar as Brazil captain at Copa America
Neymar is currently on international duty with Brazil as the team prepares to host the Copa America.
On Saturday, Neymar Snr told Sao Paulo-based television network Band: "It's a person accusing Neymar, but we have proof that nothing happened."
"Neymar fell into this trap. Now we have to do what we can to show the truth."
Redemption for Salah as Liverpool beats Tottenham to win Champions League
Maybe the best night of my life - Klopp hails heroic Liverpool
WATCH: Liverpool fans react to Champions League clinching Origi goal
Salah lauds 'unbelievable' Liverpool after Champions League glory
Legend? I'm just a normal lad from Liverpool - Alexander-Arnold


text:
Islamic Relief USA
Children & Orphan
Aid for Children in Need
Orphans' Programs
Islamic Giving
Qurbani/ Udhiyah
Disaster Response Team
Winter Aid
Aid for Refugees
Poverty to Profit
Day of dignity
Creative Giving
Stock Donations
Publications, Reports, and Financial Statements
IRUSA in the News
Donations made toward IRUSA's Middle East Humanitarian Aid fund may be used to support emergency or long-term humanitarian work across the region, including countries in North Africa.
Download Middle East Donor Report (updated: April 2019)
VIOLENCE INTENSIFIES ACROSS MIDDLE EAST
Islamic Relief staff throughout the Middle East region—specifically in Yemen and along the Syrian border—have reported increased violence in recent days. One staffer said that attacks, with unknown motivations, are becoming more frequently. The staff members themselves have even had to run to safety. All this while the harsh cold and rain of winter sets in. Internally displaced families and refugees are in desperate need of your prayers, compassion, and aid right now.
YOUR AID, THEIR RELIEF
Prolonged conflict and natural disasters have destroyed the communities and economies that once thrived so well in the Middle East, leaving millions of people displaced now as refugees from the places they once called home. Many nations within the Middle East are undergoing great changes and challenges on a road to recovery. IRUSA is partnering to empower countless families across countries like Iraq, Jordan, Tunisia, Lebanon, and Yemen. We support millions of (refugees) on their path to recovery.
By implementing many programs such as emergency food projects, water system development, and livelihood training for vulnerable women, IRUSA is helping the Middle East to keep moving forward. And right now, in emergency zones like Syria and Yemen, the dedication of donors is providing urgent medical aid, food supplies, shelter and more to those in need. It's only through your compassion and your continued support that our brothers and sisters throughout the region know that they are not alone.
Thank you for being there for them during their most difficult times. Your aid is their relief.
WORK ACROSS THE MIDDLE EAST
Islamic Relief has been working in Iraq since 1997. Find out more about our programs and projects.
Islamic Relief began working in Jordan in 1997. Check out more about the lives we're changing.
Islamic Relief began working in Lebanon during a crisis in 2006, and we're still there creating positive change.
Islamic Relief has provided humanitarian aid in Palestine since 1994. We're still there for Palestinians in need across the Middle East.
The IRUSA community has served more than 9 million Syrians in need, and that number is growing. Find out more about how we're helping Syrians today.
Political instability that began in 2011 strained Tunisia's economy, and we're there to lend a helping hand.
Since conflict erupted in 2015, over 3 million people have been displaced and over 20 million are at risk for famine. IRUSA is a leading responder.
LIMITED PAST WORK
In 2011, political turmoil forced hundreds of thousands to flee violence in Libya to neighboring countries.
In late November 2014, heavy storms caused devastating floods that swept through Morocco. Islamic Relief teams moved quickly to provide aid to survivors.
CASE STUDIES & NEWS
Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
P.O. Box 22250 Alexandria, VA 22304
donorcare@irusa.org
media@irusa.org (press inquiries only)
Islamic Relief USA is a 501 (c)(3) nonprofit organization (Tax ID# 95-4453134) | CFC# 10194 | Islamic Relief USA © 2020 | All Rights Reserved
The extreme weather has not stopped and hundreds will be seeking shelter, food, and essential supplies.
please answer the call of those suffering.
DONATE NOW >>


CURRITUCK — A Grandy man remains confined at Currituck County Detention Center awaiting a court appearance on three felony charges, including assault by strangulation.
CURRITUCK — Selina Jarvis was sworn in as the Currituck Board of Commissioners' newest member during a brief reconvened meeting of the board Monday afternoon.
4 stories in Currituck. Viewing 1 through 4.


text:
Сосницька сотня — сотня Війська Запорозького з центром у містечку Сосниця.

У 1648—1649 існувало дві Сосницькі сотні, які входили до Сосницького полку. У 1649—1654 в складі Чернігівського полку була одна Сосницька сотня. У 1654—1663 належала до Ніжинського полку. На її основі 1663 відновлено Сосницький полк (1663—1668). У 1668—1782 входила до Чернігівського полку. В 1751—1768 існувала ще одна Сосницька сотня в Чернігівському полку.

Після ліквідації полково-сотенного адміністративного устрою України сотня ввійшла до складу Чернігівського намісництва.

Історія

Сформувалася у складі окремого Сосницького полку влітку 1648 року. За Зборівською угодою 16 жовтня 1649 р. Сосницький полк, який включав села Лави, Рудню, Устя, Якличі, Змітнів, Конятин, Козленичі, Шабалинів, а очолював його Леонтій Ракушка (1648—1649 pp.), був ліквідований. Полкова територія і козаки (100 осіб), уже як сотня на чолі з сотником Михайлом Жураковським, увійшли до складу Чернігівського полку.

У 1654 р. Сосницьку сотню включено до Ніжинського полку (містечко Сосниця та села Лави, Кириївка, Змітнів, Усть-Убедське). У 1663 р. гетьман І. Брюховецький відновив окремий Сосницький полк, який очолювали полковники Яків Скидан (1663—1664) та Федір Холод (1664—1668). Петро Дорошенко, під час свого походу на Лівобережжя, у 1668 р. ліквідував Сосницький полк, а територію і козаків як окрему сотню включив до складу Чернігівського полку. У ньому Сосницька сотня перебувала далі аж до своєї ліквідації у 1782 р. На короткий час, від 1751 р. до 1768 p., сотня поділялася на два військові підрозділи. Територія скасованої адмінодиниці увійшла до Чернігівського намісництва.

Сотники
Сотники:

 Михайло Жураховський (Жураковський) (1649)
 Іван Красовський (1651)
 Сава Філонович (Савелій Філонов) (1654)
 Дем'ян Галенко (1656)
 Василь Омельяненко (1657—1662)
 Семен Павленко (1662)
 Федір Холод (1668)
 Андрій Тищенко (1669)
 Микита Никифорович Литовченко (1670—1672)
 Федір Беличенко (1672)
 Степан Тимофійович Зорченко (1672—1676)
 Андрій Дорофійович Дорошенко (1677)
 Павло Крачевський (1677—1685)
 Андрій Дорофійович Дорошенко (1689—1691, вдруге)
 Іван Андрійович Дорошенко (1691—1694)
 Семен Васильович Омельяненко (1696)
 Іван Андрійович Дорошенко (1699—1704, вдруге)
 Башкирець Остап Стефанович (1701, н.)
 Пилип Шафонський (1704)
 Василь Андрійович Дорошенко (1707)
 Павло Омелянович Сангурський (1707—1709)
 Семен Васильович Омельяненко (1710)
 Павло Омелянович Сангурський (1711, вдруге)
 Башкирець Остап Стефанович (1712, н.)
 Василь Іванович Оболонський (Каневський-Оболонський) (1714—1718)
 Опанас Петрович Запорожченко (1717, 1722, 1724, н.)
 Василь Андрійович Дорошенко (1718) /вдруге/
 Василь Іванович Оболонський (Каневський-Оболонський) (1719, вдруге)
 Павло Омелянович Сангурський (1719—1721, втретє)
 Василь Андрійович Дорошенко (1723, втретє)
 Павло Омелянович Сангурський (1723—1734, вчетверте)
 Кирило Гаврилович (1723, н.)
 Опанас Петрункевич (1724, н.)
 Василь Волковський (1734—1735)
 Павло Іванович Ломиковський (1735—1737)
 Леонтій Омельяненко (1737, н.)
 Павло Полетановський (1738—1750 чи 1744—1747)
 Григорій Поручко (1738, н.)
 Іван Можчуров (1739, н.)
 Левко Івасенко (1741, н.)
 Іван Ярошевич (1747—1749, н.)
 Йосип Гаврилович (4.1751, н.)
 Филимон Йосипович Шафонський-Шатило (1751—1754, 1760/1765 чи 1760—1762, 1765—1768), як сотник 2-ї Сосницької сотні
 Іван Лисянський (?Лук'яновський) (1754—1760)
 Василь Васильович Дорошенко (1763, н., 1764, н.)
 Григорій Петровський (1764, н.)
 Павло Тихонович (1765, н.)
 Йосип Шишка (1765—1768)
 Роман Журба (1768)
 Петро Іванович Лисянський (?Сенецький) (1771—1779)

Сотники 2-ї сотні:

 Филимон Йосипович Шафонський-Шатило (1751—1768, з перервами)
 Омелян Степанович Станіславський (1768—1771)

Джерела

 Заруба В. М. Адміністративно-територіальний устрій та адміністрація Війська Запорозького у 1648—1782 рр. — Д.: ПП «Ліра ЛТД», 2007. — сс. 72, 73, 92, 101, 205.
 «Чернігівський полк як адміністративно-територіальна одиниця»

Чернігівський полк
Історія Сосниці
Засновані в Україні 1648

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


There is no automotive brand in the world with the prestige of Ferrari.
In Y 1939 Enzo Ferrari created the iconic Italian company, known as the Maranello Outfit. And to this day wealthy aficionados que up to acquire the latest Special Edition Super and HyperSupercars, priced in the millions of dollars.
In October 2015 the company debuted on the NYSE with the ticker RACE after being spun off by Fiat Chrysler (NYSE}:FCAU) forming Ferrari N.V.
Since it's listing, the stock has performed extremely well relative to its peers (none) and the wider market.
YTD, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and Ferrari delivered the best returns of any car company.
Fiat Chrysler advanced 31.5% to and Ferrari surged 63.5%.
Ferrari sell cars to a different demographic than other US-traded companies, including Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA).
The cheapest Ferrari model was $188,425 in Y 2016, with the highest-priced running in the $400,000 range.
The most expensive classic car sold at public auction in history was a 1922 50 GTO made for Sir Stirling Moss that hammered for $38,115,000 in Y 2012.
My experience and research shows that Tier 1 classic cars are the best investment for returns, with as much as a 28% return over 12 months, and 467% over 10 years. Ferrari buyers have been willing to put a lot of money behind some of the truly iconic Ferrari sports and racing cars.
Ferrari has strong pricing power.
Only a handful of the latest models, the LaFerrari Aperta and the GTC4Lusso, are being made, which tells us how demand for super luxury cars has never been greater.
And the numbers are there to prove it.
The market is pricing RACE at a lofty 35X forward price earnings multiple.
Looking ahead Ferrari estimates that about 8,400 units will be shipped in Y 2017, 5% more than Y 2016.
Management has set a target to reduce debt levels to EUR500-B from EUR653-B. And from a marketing standpoint, its F1 racing team is performing well this season.
Ferrari is both highly cyclical and defensive, meaning whether in recessionary periods or boom times, there will always be people with money who want to buy Ferrari's.


text:
Andrew J. West Profile, BioData, Updates and Latest Pictures | FanPhobia - Celebrities Database
Andrew J. West Bio, Photos and Updates
Bio: Andrew James West is an American character actor who has appeared in films television series and shorts. He is best known for his portrayal of Fisher in the ABC Family comedy drama Greek and more recently as Gareth in the AMC horror drama The Walking Dead.
Born: United States
Posted In: Actors, Producers
Andrew J. West Fan's Uploaded Latest Photos
Are you a Fan of Andrew J. West? Upload an Image Here


Despite 2012 being a hot year with many overripe wines, this Cabernet-Carmenère blend opens with highly Chilean aromas of tobacco, bell pepper and eucalyptus. The palate is plush and saturated, with minty plum, olive and herbal berry flavors. A final wave of mint and herbs is in charge of an otherwise chocolaty finish. Drink through 2024.


Soccer... and the current champions of World football, West Germany, have arrived in Argentina to?
LV & GV: German players descend from plane.
SV PAN FROM: Argentina musicians TO German team wearing somberos.
GV PAN: Spain kicking off from left to right and play develops with both sides unable to penetrate defence, resulting in play see-sawing up and down the field.
Background: Soccer... and the current champions of World football, West Germany, have arrived in Argentina to defend their World Cup title. Meanwhile in the Uruguayan capital of Montevideo the Spanish World cup side could only manage a draw against Uruguay in a warm-up match played on Wednesday (24 May).
SYNOPSIS: By the day, football fever in Argentina has been more intense. With the 16 World Cup teams now arriving the months of waiting are nearly at an end. The co-favourites for this year's cup, West Germany, were met by strict security measures when they arrived at Cordoba on Wednesday (24 May). The West German trainer, Herr Helmut Schoen, said his team's main concern was to retain the title. He said he could not make a comparison between his present team and the squad which won the World Cup in 1974 . Her Schoen rated Brazil and Argentina with his won team as top contenders for the cup.
Meanwhile in the Uruguayan capital of Montevideo, Spain playing from left to right, were having their last warm up match against Uruguay before travelling on to Argentina and the world Cup series. It was disappointing game for the Spaniards against a scratch Uruguayan selection. The Spanish side was weak on attack and after an early spurt gaps developed in the midfield. Spain soon became bogged down by the defence of the Uruguayan team, which was put together just 24 hours before the match on Wednesday (24 May).
The Spanish game was based on long passes forward from their midfield to their strikers on the wings, but the tactic never succeeded in penetrating the Uruguayan defence. The game ended in a nil-nil draw. Spain's Hungarian coach, Ladislan Kubala, told journalists that the poor quality of the pitch at the Centenario Stadium had hindered his players. He said it was a game where the Spanish team did not take risks. He said we could not forget that his team was only a step away from the World Cup and Uruguay understood the fact as well and played in a gentlemanly way. The final score again Spain nil Uruguay nil.


text:
Q: Get the type information in macros (defmacro test (&key list &environment env)
  (typecase (get-type list env)
    (list `(do-something (list ,@list)))
    (integer `(do-something (list ,list ,list ,list)))))

(test :list '(1 2 3)) ; => (do-something (list 1 2 3))
(test :list (* 1 2)) ; => (do-something (list (* 1 2) (* 1 2) (* 1 2)))

Is it possible to get the type of list at macroexpansion-time? (what I called get-type)
It won't work with evaluation, because the variables may not be existent at this time, and maybe some other values will be changed, that should not be changed.
Or should I let my macro-expansion be a form, that also calls typecase?

A: Most Lisp dialects can be seen as dynamically typed. Common Lisp is no exception. Types and type declarations have been added to allow to deal with types at runtime: for runtime type checks and runtime type dispatch. It also allows Common Lisp implementations to use type information at compile time to generate faster code. Using type information for compile-time type checking or at the user level in macros was not a goal. Though early on at least CMUCL (and later SBCL and Scieneer CL) used type declarations and type inference for some amount of compile-time type checking. Most other implementations don't do compile-time type checking, while a few do type inference.
Note that you can add or redefine types at runtime. Also type hierarchies can change at runtime (class hierarchies for example).
If you have an actual object, one could determine the type the Lisp system thinks it is at compile time.
But what is the type of a function return value? The information could come from a type declaration or from type inference. The latter is not portable in Common Lisp - there might be implementation specific ways to get information from type inference or to use a type inferencer from a library.
For information about type declarations of functions some implementations of Common Lisp provide a function FUNCTION-INFORMATION (originally proposed for ANSI CL, but didn't make it into the actual standard).
Here in LispWorks 6.1:
CL-USER 42 > (compile (defun foo () (the fixnum 3)))
FOO
NIL
NIL

CL-USER 43 > (declaim (ftype (function () fixnum) foo))
T

CL-USER 44 > (function-information 'foo)
:FUNCTION
NIL
((FTYPE FUNCTION NIL FIXNUM))

See also VARIABLE-INFORMATION. FUNCTION-INFORMATION and VARIABLE-INFORMATION are also documented in CLtL2, but not the Common Lisp Hyperspec (since they are not in the standard).
Generally operating with such type information at macro expansion time opens up a whole can of worms. For basic use I would recommend to think in terms of runtime types and create code which runtime type dispatching - unless you really really need type information at compile-time.

A: In addition to Rainer's excellent answer, do be aware that Common Lisp includes the function constantp which takes a form and an environment.  This wont' cover every case, since someone could call your macro with a variable rather than a constant form, but in the case that you do get a constant form, you can check its type at compile time:
(defmacro foo (arg &environment environment)
  (if (constantp arg environment)
      (typecase arg
        (string 'string-expansion)
        (vector 'vector-expansion)
        (number 'number-expansion)
        (t 'constant-but-other-type-expansion))
      'nonconstant-expansion))

CL-USER> (macroexpand '(foo "hello"))
STRING-EXPANSION
T
CL-USER> (macroexpand '(foo #(1 2 3)))
VECTOR-EXPANSION
T
CL-USER> (macroexpand '(foo 42))
NUMBER-EXPANSION
T
CL-USER> (macroexpand '(foo 'something-else))
CONSTANT-BUT-OTHER-TYPE-EXPANSION
T
CL-USER> (macroexpand '(foo bar))
NONCONSTANT-EXPANSION
T

Now, this may seem a bit roundabout, but it can be useful in some places.

Or should I let my macro-expansion be a form, that also calls
  typecase?

You may find some very interesting code examples if you look in open source implementations of sequence manipulation functions.  Many Common Lisp functions (e.g., reduce) take sequences, and these can be either lists or vectors.  Unfortunately, the code to implement reduce efficiently on these two types is different.  E.g., have a look at SBCL's sequence functions. You'll start to get a feel for how they handle this issue.  You may also want to have a look at compiler macros.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


10-8-1998 — As was discussed in last week's column, adding compost to your garden beds is essential if your goal is the most beautiful flowers and robust vegetables possible. Fall is the perfect time to start composting, so let's get to it.
Last week's column discussed construction materials, sizes and placement for bins, and the fact that two bins are better than one.
Some tip sheets recommend placing a small brush pile on the floor of your bin to start. I can assure you, you'll only try this once. All it did for me was cause me to lose my best, finest compost down into the brush pile. The brush also caught on my pitchfork anytime I was turning, and later attempting to remove, the finished product. After the first year I hauled the brush out of there, except for the thick, broken sticks that ultimately wound up in my finished compost and had to be plucked out by hand.
The purpose of the brush pile ruse is to increase ventilation to the bottom and center of the pile as it gets higher, which is an admirable pursuit. Without adequate air, the pile never gets very hot. This is the reason for "turning" the pile with a pitchfork. But you need not do even that. Buy a compost turner instead, which is a t-handled shaft with two small wings at the pointed tip. Plunge the tool into your pile, twist it clockwise, and rip it back out. When you twist, the wings open up, sometimes, and enable you to rip a gaping hole up through the compost as you extricate. Any time your compost pile has cooled, i.e. ceased the composting process, take five minutes and perforate your pile-in-progress with this tool on about a one-foot grid, and the pile should have all the ventilation it needs. They're cheap and they work.
The mainstay materials for any compost pile are grass clippings and leaves. I bag my grass clippings the first three or four times I mow in the spring, and use them as the basis for a new pile. Sun-dry the clippings for about four days first, however, by dumping them next to your bins and spreading them out to a depth of six inches. Don't waste your money on commercial compost-helpers. A handful of regular grass fertilizer three or four times during the course of building the pile is all you need to stimulate the composting process.
Water is the big key to successfully making compost. It is very hard to over-water a compost pile. I water the pile deeply with the hose anytime it hasn't rained for a few weeks or I've collected enough material to add a layer a foot or so high. If you use a compost turner once a month from May to October and find it still takes longer than one year to create finished compost, your pile is not being kept wet enough.
As summer progresses I toss weeds, gutter debris, spent annuals, deadheads, fruit and vegetable kitchen scraps, and any perennial that's disappointed me or made me mad, onto the pile. Don't add diseased plants or weeds that have gone to seed. Don't worry about layering-I have weeks when I'm only tossing a few things on the pile and days when I've got a ton of stuff-and you don't need to know about "greens vs. browns." If you keep the pile moist, keep it aerated and add fertilizer a few times a summer you'll make compost as well as the next person.
I start bagging grass clippings again in September; right now is the best time to bag, because the mixture your mower creates is a combination of shredded grass and leaves, which can go directly onto the pile without drying. In fact, this fall grass and leaf combination is the reason I eventually started a third bin. If you have a large yard and mature trees, you'll have ample leaves for three. The first year, fill bin number three in the in the fall, toss it to number two in the spring and fill three again. Late summer toss the stuff from number two into number one, the stuff from three into two, then fill three in the fall. After one year you'll have created a factory that provides all the compost you need, anytime you need it.


text:
In Greek mythology, Arteϊs (Ancient Greek: Άρτηίς, -ίδος) was the mother by Alector of Prothoenor. The latter was one of the Boeotian leaders in the Trojan War. Otherwise, the parents of Prothoenor were Theobule and Archilycus, son of Itonus.

Notes

References

 Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather. Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
 Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888–1890. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
 Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
 Tzetzes, John, Allegories of the Iliad translated by Goldwyn, Adam J. and Kokkini, Dimitra. Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library, Harvard University Press, 2015.

Women in Greek mythology
Boeotian characters in Greek mythology


We recently launched an experience to a select group of QuickBooks® Online customers that provides a free upgrade period for QuickBooks Online Advanced.
Today, we want to share more about this experience and what it means for you and your clients.
Select QuickBooks Online customers have been provided a risk-free, no-obligation, opportunity to try QuickBooks Online Advanced. This is completely free of charge, and customers are able to try select Advanced features without needing to worry about any "lock-in;" in other words, customers don't need to worry about losing any information during or after the free upgrade period, and trying the features out during the free upgrade period does not obligate them to pay for QuickBooks Online Advanced going forward. Once the free upgrade period expires, users in the QuickBooks Online Advanced free upgrade experience will automatically go back to their previous version of QuickBooks Online, unless they specifically choose to upgrade to Advanced.
If a stopper appears, continue through the rest of the steps. If you don't see a stopper, proceed to step 7.
See full guide on how to downgrade here.
Alternately, if you and your clients really like QuickBooks Online Advanced, they have the ability to upgrade to Advanced with a discount. Please note that if your client actively chooses to upgrade, only at that point will you see a change to your client's monthly payment amount.
Today, only selected QuickBooks Online Plus customers who are currently paying list price and paying for their QuickBooks Online subscription costs themselves will be getting this free upgrade period. Wholesale billing customers are not included in the Advanced free upgrade experience.
How do usage limits affect this free upgrade period?
Businesses are capped at five users while in the free upgrade period and will not be able to add more users than this. This allows us to seamlessly revert customers to their QuickBooks Online Plus plans at the end of the free upgrade period, with no action on the customer's part.
Customers can add to their classes, locations, and chart of accounts even if they are over limits while in the Advanced free upgrade period. When a customer is automatically reverted to their QuickBooks Online Plus plan at the end of the free upgrade period, they will keep any classes, locations or accounts they added. This will be the case even if the customer is over the usage limit: Yes, this means that effectively a customer could grow their chart of accounts, classes and locations counts without needing to fully upgrade to QuickBooks Online Advanced. However, after the customer returns to QuickBooks Online Plus, the customer will not be able to add additional classes, locations, or accounts until they have reduced the number below the usage limits. At that point, usage limit rules will apply and read this article to learn more about those rules in detail.
As always, we value the role you play in helping your customers be more successful, and we hope this article answers any questions you had about the QuickBooks Online Advanced free upgrades that are rolling out in April 2019. We highly value your feedback and want to hear from you. Please use this form to ask follow-up questions or provide us with any additional feedback.
Nima Patel is a product marketer for QuickBooks Online Advanced.


If you are on iOS, I got some good news for you. WhatApp for iOS just got a key update that brings with it three main features to those using its app on Apple devices….
Hey Buddy!, I found this information for you: "WhatsApp Is Getting A New Advanced Search Feature". Here is the website link: https://www.techarena.co.ke/2019/02/27/whatsapp-advanced-search-functionality/. Thank you.


text:
Brazil rioters plotted openly online, pitched huge 'party'
Jan 11, 2023, 2:14 AM | Updated: Jan 12, 2023, 7:30 am
Protesters, supporters of Brazil's former President Jair Bolsonaro, storm the Planalto Palace in Brasilia, Brazil, Sunday, Jan. 8, 2023. Planalto is the official workplace of the president of Brazil. (AP Photo/Eraldo Peres)
MIAMI (AP) — The map was called "Beach Trip" and was blasted out to more than 18,000 members of a public Telegram channel called, in Portuguese, "Hunting and Fishing."
But instead of outdoor recreation tips, the 43 pins spread across the map of Brazil pointed to cities where bus transportation to the capital could be found for what promoters promised would a huge "party" on Jan. 8.
"Children and the elderly aren't invited," according to the post circulated on the Telegram channel, which has since been removed. "Only adults willing to participate in all the games, including target shooting of police and robbers, musical chairs, indigenous dancing, tag, and others."
The post was one of several thinly coded messages circulating on social media ahead of Sunday's violent attack on the capital by supporters of former President Jair Bolsonaro looking to restore the far-right leader to power.
It's also now a potentially vital lead in a fledgling criminal investigation about how the rampage was organized and how officials missed clues to a conspiracy that, like the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol two years ago, appears to have been organized and carried out in plain view.
And like the attack in the U.S., the Brazilian riots demonstrate how social media makes it easier than ever for anti-democratic groups to recruit followers and transform online rhetoric into offline action.
On YouTube, rioters livestreaming the mayhem racked up hundreds of thousands of views before a Brazilian judge ordered social media platforms to remove such content. Misleading claims about the election and the uprising also could be found on Twitter, Facebook and other platforms.
But even before Sunday's riot, social media and private messaging networks in Brazil were being flooded with calls for one final push to overturn the October election of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva — something authorities appear to have inexplicably missed or ignored.
Most of the online chatter referred to the planned gathering at Brasilia's Three Powers Plaza as "Selma's party" — a play on the Portuguese word for "selva," a battle cry used by Brazil's military.
Participants were told to bring their own mask to protect against "pepper pie in the face" — or pepper spray fired by security forces. They also were told to dress in the green and yellow of Brazil's flag — and not the red preferred by Lula's Workers' Party.
"Get ready guests, the party will be a blast," the widely-circulated post said.
"It was all in the open," said David Nemer, a Brazil native and University of Virginia professor who studies social media. "They listed the people responsible for buses, with their full names and contact information. They weren't trying to hide anything."
Still, it's unclear to what extent social media was responsible for the worst attack on Brazil's democracy in decades. Only a handful of far-right activists showed up at gas terminals and refineries that were also pinpointed on the "Beach Trip" map as locations for demonstrations planned for Sunday.
Bruno Fonseca, a journalist for Agencia Publica, a digital investigative journalism outlet, has tracked the online activities of pro-Bolsonaro groups for years. He said the activists live in a state of constant confrontation but sometimes, their frequent calls to mobilize fall flat.
"It's difficult to know when something will jump out from social media and not," said Fonseca, who in a report this week traced the spread of the "Selma's Party" post to users who appear to be bots.
Still, he said, authorities could have paired the online activity with other intelligence-gathering tools to investigate, for example, a surge in bus traffic to the capital before the attacks. He said their inaction may reflect negligence or the deep support for Bolsonaro among security forces.
One gnawing question is why, on the day of the chaos, Anderson Torres, a Bolsonaro ally who had just been named the top security official in Brasilia, was reportedly in Florida — where his former boss was on a retreat. Torres was swiftly fired and Brazil's Supreme Court has ordered his arrest pending an investigation. Torres denied any wrongdoing and said he would return to Brazil and present his defense.
Sunday's violence came after Brazilian voters were bombarded by a flood of false and misleading claims before last fall's vote. Much of the content focused on unfounded concerns about electronic voting, and some featured threats of violent retaliation if Bolsonaro was defeated.
One of the most popular rallying cries used by Bolsonaro's supporters was #BrazilianSpring, a term coined by former Trump aide Steve Bannon in the hours after Bolsonaro's defeat to Lula.
"We all know that this Brazilian election was going to be contentious," said Flora Rebello Arduini, a London-based campaign director with SumOfUs, a nonprofit that tracked extremist content before and after Brazil's election. "Social media platforms played a vital role in amplifying far-right extremist voices and even calls for violent uprising. If we can identify this kind of content, then so can they (the companies). Incompetence is not an excuse."
Brazil's capital city steeled itself Wednesday for the possibility of new attacks fueled by social media posts, including one circulating on Telegram calling for a "mega protest to retake power." But those protests fizzled.
In response to the criticism, spokespeople for Telegram, YouTube and Facebook said their companies were working to remove content urging more violence.
"Telegram is a platform for free speech and peaceful protest," Telegram spokesman Remi Vaughn wrote in a statement to the AP. "Calls to violence are explicitly forbidden and dozens of public communities where such calls were being made have been blocked in Brazil in the past week — both proactively as per our Terms of Service as well as in response to court orders."
A YouTube spokeswoman said the platform has removed more than 2,500 channels and more than 10,000 videos related to the election in Brazil.
Meta, which owns Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp, has prioritized efforts to combat harmful content about Brazil's election, a company spokesman told The Associated Press.
Klepper reported from Washington, D.C.
TIJUANA, Mexico (AP) — Hours before sunrise, migrants at one of Mexico's largest shelters wake up and go online, hoping to secure an appointment to try to seek asylum in the U.S. The daily ritual resembles a race for concert tickets when online sales begin for a major act, as about 100 people glide their […]
THE HAGUE, Netherlands (AP) — Hundreds of climate activists blocked one of the main roads into The Hague on Saturday, defying attempts to prevent their protest that have sparked concerns about restrictions on the right to demonstrate in the Netherlands. The protesters, many waving colored flags with the symbol of environmental group Extinction Rebellion and […]
CAIRO (AP) — Italy's prime minister visited Libya for talks Saturday with officials from the country's west-based government focusing on energy and migration, top issues for Italy and the European Union. Libya is the third North African country Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni visited over the last two weeks as she seeks to secure new supplies […]
LONDON (AP) — Struggling U.K. regional airline Flybe collapsed for the second time in three years Saturday, putting jobs on the line and leaving passengers stranded. The airline initially slumped into bankruptcy in March 2020, shedding 2,400 jobs, as coronavirus restrictions decimated the travel industry. It relaunched in April last year, flying many of the […]