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Matthew Sweeny
Flirtey
Matthew Sweeny is an Australian-born American aviation and technology entrepreneur and inventor. Sweeny is the Founder and CEO of Flirtey, the industry-leading, independent drone delivery service.
Sweeny received a degree in International Relations and Philosophy from the University of Sydney. While studying economics on a scholarship in China, Sweeny began developing a technology to deliver goods faster, more cost effectively and with the ultimate customer experience. Pioneering an industry, he built the first delivery drones in his dorm room. After moving Flirtey to the United States, Sweeny received his education from Y Combinator (YC S15).
Flirtey is reinventing the delivery process for humanitarian, online retail and food delivery industries – with a mission to save lives and improve lifestyles by making delivery instant for everyone.
Under Sweeny's leadership, Flirtey has worked with NASA, Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Remote Area Medical, New Zealand Land Search & Rescue, Domino's and 7-Eleven to conduct deliveries of medicine to rural healthcare clinics, ship-to-shore deliveries of medical samples and deliveries of retail and e-commerce items to consumer homes.
Check out the incredible speaker line-up to see who will be joining Matthew.
3:30 PM Game Changer Tech Presentations: The eTail Tech Tank
Hear three quick, cutting edge tech presentations that will change the future of immersive retail. The best tech solution will be voted on by the audience on the conference app and one of the tech companies will be crowned the winner of the eTail Tech Tank! This is one of our hottest and most popular sessions that can't be missed.


The science of ecology, and its relevance to society, are both in a period of rapid change. As a society, we are becoming increasingly globalized, while at the same time facing a growing number of environmental challenges, many of which are likewise international in scope and extent (e.g., climate change, invasive species, infectious disease). At the same time, our ability to measure and monitor the world around us has changed dramatically, both through technology development (e.g., remote sensing, automated instrumentation, high-throughput sequencing) and through the establishment of both top-down ecological observatories and bottom-up research networks. Our relationship with data has also shifted, becoming more open and interconnected rather than the protected, site-specific property of individual labs. These observatories and networks are changing the questions we are asking as a community and the scale we are asking them at.
From Data Networks to Knowledge Networks: A generation of ecologists has worked hard to shift the norms for data sharing, with the resulting data networks that have emerged being the direct result of that dream. As the research community has evolved, we are now well-positioned for a second paradigm shift that will take us to the next level – beyond storing and mining raw data, how do we store, mine, and synthesize our knowledge about, and understanding of, ecological systems? A key challenge is that the pace and volume of ecological research has outstripped the capacity for many of us to understand, remember, and synthesize through traditional means (e.g., research papers, reviews, meta-analyses). Perhaps more than any other field of science, ecology suffers from a hyperdiversity of case studies and only limited first-principles frameworks for organizing and synthesizing information. For ecology to advance, and efficiently use its existing knowledge to improve decision making and target new research, this will require that we augment our understanding with new cyberinfrastructure, models, databases, and artificial intelligence. Nowhere is this more pressing than in the synthesis across global data networks and observatories. Discussion will focus on barriers and opportunities for moving beyond data networks.
Ecological Forecasting: Beyond tallying understanding and knowledge, there is growing interest in making ecology more predictive. This is motivated both by the desire to accelerate research and make ecology more rigorous, and by the imperative for decision making to be informed by the best available information about what will happen to systems in the future. Many important forecasting problems (e.g., climate change, invasive species/migration, globalization of resource extraction, emergent infectious disease) invoke transnational processes, even when the goal is simply local understanding. Discussion will focus on identifying key opportunities to advance both research-focused and decision-focused ecological forecasts in terms of specific problems and overarching broad concepts (e.g., teleconnections, scaling, trend detection, quantifying function).
Training, Education, and Outreach: Across all Earth and Environmental Science disciplines, data are accumulating faster than our capacity to synthesize them. Urgently needed are scientists with both an extensive formal background in a specific discipline and extensive experience in applying informatics, statistical, and forecasting methods to create knowledge, develop novel hypotheses, and improve predictive capacity. It is necessary to train "multilingual" scientists who can communicate across disciplines and who have a solid foundation in experimental design, statistical theory, and data mining. These scientists will fill a niche that will develop and define the research agenda for decades to come. Focusing at an international scale, this workshop will address the following questions: How can we prepare the next generation of ecologists to tackle global ecological questions and challenges? How can we scale-up and collaborate on current educational approaches to ensure international perspectives and access and to foster collaboration and cross-fertilization? Likewise, how do we reach out to the public both as citizen science participants in, and consumers of, global ecological research?
The format of the meeting is designed to focus on communication and discussion. Specifically, we will employ a combination of rapid, engaging, and focused presentations with discussions in break-out groups. Lightning talks (5 min for researchers, 10 min in Day 1 for observatories) increase the attention of participants and maintain an engaging pace to the meeting that discourages distractions. Short talks also force speakers to be organized and focused on the most relevant issues.
While only a subset of participants will present lightning talks, following these talks all participants will be invited to present one individual 'lightning slide," with a 60 sec time limit, for each of the focal areas. The preparation of these slides encourages all participants to organize their thoughts about each topic ahead of time, while also ensuring that everyone at the meeting gets a chance to share their prior ideas without interruption. Finally, within each focal area we will organize into break-out groups according to different subtopics. This will ensure that the majority of the time at the meeting is spent on active small-group discussion and brainstorming.
In addition to sessions on each of the focal areas, the meeting will also include a field excursion, which will visit the NEON D14 Santa Rita core site.
The results of the workshop will primarily be distributed via the meeting webpage, a short 'meeting report' article (e.g. EOS), and social media. The meeting website will include workshop presentations (lightning talks and single slides) and break-out group notes, but all participants will be given an opportunity (three weeks post workshop) to redact slides and comments that they want shared publicly. There is no prior commitment to produce a formal white paper or peer-reviewed review/concepts paper, but this option will be discussed at the workshop.


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FAIR Principles for Library, Archive and Museum Collections: A proposal for standards for reusable collections
Many heritage institutions would like their collections to be open and reusable but fail to achieve that situation because of organizational, legal and technological barriers. A set of guidelines and best practices is proposed to facilitate the process of making heritage collections reusable. These guidelines are based on the FAIR Principles for scholarly output (FAIR data principles [2014]), taking into account a number of other recent initiatives for making data findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. The resulting FAIR Principles for Heritage Library, Archive and Museum Collections focus on three levels: objects, metadata and metadata records. Clarifications and examples of these proposed principles are presented, as well as recommendations for the assessment of current situations and implementations of the principles.
by Lukas Koster, Saskia Woutersen-Windhouwer
Most libraries, archives, museums (LAM) and other heritage institutions manage a variety of collections. These collections can be physical and digital book and journal collections, repositories of publications, physical artifacts collections and digital representations of these, archives of all kinds of physical and digital material, etc. The collections and objects are described in a large variety of information systems and databases, using all kinds of digital object and metadata formats, access protocols and storage facilities.
More and more people and organizations want to be able to access and reuse both digital objects and the (meta)data describing the physical and digital objects, not only individually but also in bulk. Some LAM institutions already comply with these wishes. Examples are: the British Library Free Data Services (British Library Free Data Services [2018]), the Ghent University Library Open Data services (Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent Open Data [updated 2018]) and the Rijksmuseum API (Rijksmuseum API [2018]). In other cases, there may be technical or legal barriers or data services lack clear documentation making discovery and access ambiguous. Not all collections apply or provide the universal metadata standards and protocols that are necessary for exchanging or reusing information in a simple way. Furthermore, some collections lack essential metadata (like global persistent identifiers), making implementation of universal standards and protocols impossible. And reuse can be complicated, as data or data services may lack information related to data reuse or license restrictions. Not only are these circumstances an obstacle for reuse of collection objects and metadata by external parties, but also for internal and external interoperability between various information systems used within LAM institutions. To summarize: it is not enough to make collections available through web based end user interfaces and provide download options for individual objects and metadata records. On the contrary: collection data and objects must be findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable for people and software in their entirety and in specific parts.[1]
In this article[2] we propose a body of requirements for making LAM collections findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR), as well as a set of recommendations for assessing existing institutional situations and for implementation of the requirements. These requirements and recommendations are based on the FAIR Principles for scholarly output (FAIR data principles [2014]) and adapted for cultural heritage collections.
FAIR collections are not necessarily Open collections. The Open Knowledge Foundation applies a definition of "openness" that adds modification permission and universal participation to the accessibility and reusability criteria, "at no more than a reasonable reproduction cost" (What is open? [2018]), referring to the Open Definition. The short form of the Open Definition is "Open data and content can be freely used, modified, and shared by anyone for any purpose". The full definition stresses openness in license (public domain or open license), in access (on the web and free of charge) and formats (without restrictions on its use and processable with at least one free/libre/open-source software tool) (Open Definition 2.1 2018). Accessibility and reusability in the FAIR sense do not require collections and objects to be freely available, modifiable and shareable with free tools as such. That is why we have chosen to use the term 'FAIR collections' instead of 'Open collections'. Some metadata or objects will be copyright protected, have privacy issues or local law issues. Local law issues are for instance Database rights in the European Union[3] or portrait right as a personality right in the Netherlands[4]. It can be discussed if open can be used for the metadata and FAIR is only necessary for the objects. Unfortunately, there are still vendors that protect data that is (or should be) in the public domain by a contract. For that reason, metadata cannot always be open access or be freely reused. The same applies to objects that should be, according to the copyright law, in the public domain. Even in those cases an owner can, as the owner of the object or metadata, lay down the conditions and determine what a user may or may not do with the data or objects.
In recent years there have been various local and global collaborative initiatives to develop sets of guidelines and best practices for making objects and associated metadata open and reusable. Many of these initiatives focus on open and reusable research datasets. But there are also initiatives that relate to cultural heritage objects and collections. A number of these initiatives are described below. First, we will look at the FAIR Data principles, then focus on a number of other initiatives in comparison to FAIR and finally we will discuss the respective relevance of all initiatives for reusability of LAM collections.
In 2014 the FAIR Data Principles were proposed as "a concise and measureable set of principles" to support "the reuse of scholarly data" (Wilkinson et al. 2016):
To be Findable:
F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and eternally persistent identifier.
F2. data are described with rich metadata.
F3. (meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource.
F4. metadata specify the data identifier.
To be Accessible:
A1  (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardized communications protocol.
A1.1 the protocol is open, free, and universally implementable.
A1.2 the protocol allows for an authentication and authorization procedure, where necessary.
A2 metadata are accessible, even when the data are no longer available.
To be Interoperable:
I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation.
I2. (meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles.
I3. (meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data.
To be Re-usable:
R1. meta(data) have a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes.
R1.1. (meta)data are released with a clear and accessible data usage license.
R1.2. (meta)data are associated with their provenance.
R1.3. (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards.
These principles describe a set of guidelines to make data (meaning 'scholarly output', more specifically 'research datasets') and metadata about these datasets Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR). The authors stated that "… the FAIR Principles put specific emphasis on enhancing the ability of machines to automatically find and use the data, in addition to supporting its reuse by individuals" (Wilkinson et al. 2016). The FAIR principles do not require long term sustainable storage and access of datasets, but only long term sustainable access of metadata: "A2 metadata are accessible, even when the data are no longer available.".
The phrasing of the FAIR principles is somewhat confusing, very probably because of the wish to be concise. Some principles (not all) refer to both "data" and "metadata", which is formulated as "(meta)data", for example in "F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier". One principle is self-referencing ("I2. (meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles"). Also the enumeration of the four sections (F, A, I, R), each containing 3 or 4 principles, is rather uncommon, for example "(F)air" has four individual principles F1, F2, F3, F4, but "(R)eusable" has one main principle R1 and three sub-principles R1.1, R1.2, R1.3. The logic of this subdivision is unclear, because all four Reusable principles are guidelines on the same level in their own right. In fact, the authors say so themselves: "The elements of the FAIR Principles are related, but independent and separable." (Wilkinson et al. 2016, p.4).
FAIR Annotations
The FAIR principles can be applied to other object types. Collocated with the FORCE2017 conference in Berlin, a meeting was organized by the Annotating All Knowledge Coalition dedicated to FAIR Annotations (Martone 2017). It is an initiative to make scholarly Annotations on the web findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. A list of issues (under construction) is available (at the time of writing) in the form of discussions of all FAIR principles applied to annotations (Annotations and FAIR [2018]). The list raises several questions, for instance how to link annotations to specific fragments of a text, what a retrieval protocol for annotations should look like, etc.
PARTHENOS
PARTHENOS is a consortium of national and international research and research infrastructure organizations, such as INRIA, KNAW, CLARIN, DARIAH. "PARTHENOS aims at strengthening the cohesion of research in the broad sector of Linguistic Studies, Humanities, Cultural Heritage, History, Archaeology and related fields through a thematic cluster of European Research Infrastructures, integrating initiatives, e-infrastructures and other world-class infrastructures, and building bridges between different, although tightly, interrelated fields." (PARTHENOS/About the project/The goal [2018]). PARTHENOS aims to "provide common solutions to the definition and implementation of joint policies and solutions for the humanities and linguistic data lifecycle". For this end PARTHENOS "will deliver guidelines, standards, methods, services and tools to be used by its partners and by all the research community".
In their "Report on Guidelines for Common Policies Implementation (1)" (PARTHENOS 2017), PARTHENOS presented a set of high-level principles as common guidelines to their community. These guidelines are based on the FAIR Principles, but also extend these. For instance, FAIR does not directly address long term preservation of scholarly output as such, but only long-term preservation of the metadata of those objects. PARTHENOS explicitly formulates policies, strategies and guidelines for long term digital preservation of objects (PARTHENOS 2017, par. 3.3.2). It refers to the much used OAIS (Open Archival Information System) standard (ISO [updated 2012]).
Metadata2020
Metadata2020 (metadata2020.org) is a collaboration of stakeholders who create or use scholarly metadata. These stakeholders are service providers of platforms and tools, publishers, librarians, researchers, data publishers, data repositories and funders. With Metadata2020 they advocate richer, connected, and reusable, open metadata for research output with the aim to improve the quality of metadata for research. They make users and creators aware that metadata should be richer to fuel discoverability and innovation, to bridge the gaps between systems and communities, and reusable to be able to eliminate duplication of effort. Richer metadata of the Metadata2020 initiative fits all aspects of the FAIR principles 'Findable' and 'Reusable' (especially R1). Improving the connection between systems and communities is related to FAIR Principle 'Interoperable' (I1, I2 and I3) and 'Reusable' (R1.3). The FAIR principle 'Reusability' is also one of the three pillars of Metadata2020 (most relevant are the FAIR principles R1.1. and R1.2).
Some special challenges between researchers and libraries are mentioned by Metadata2020, such as that libraries have invested in siloed metadata standards, seem hesitant to develop new systems that support new models and prefer to fit new models into legacy systems (Metadata2020 Librarians [2018]). This has led to interoperability problems, and duplication of data entry for the use with different systems. Another challenge is that librarians use metadata in a different way compared to researchers, and that even different research fields use different metadata within their own systems. Libraries can play an important role if they work with the other stakeholders to build a common metadata vocabulary, including the nuances per research field. Libraries can also help with the adoption of persistent identifiers to prevent disambiguation of names and institutions. To conclude, libraries, together with the other stakeholders, should work towards open, de-siloed metadata that promotes cross-platform interoperability and sharing for all stakeholders.
Cultural Heritage Reuse Charter
PARTHENOS, together with a number of other European institutions (CLARIN and DARIAH, both partners in PARTHENOS; APEF, Europeana, E-RIHS) participates in the initiative to set up a 'Cultural Heritage Reuse Charter'. A draft Mission Statement was published in 2017 (APEF et al. [2018]) and a survey was held to collect feedback on the Mission Statement (CLARIAH [updated 2017]). The Mission statement formulates six generic principles that both heritage institutions and researchers should subscribe to: Reciprocity, Interoperability, Citability, Openness, Stewardship, Trustworthiness.
The subject of these principles is a bit unclear. Throughout the statement the phrase "cultural heritage data" is used without explaining the meaning of "data". Sometimes "content and knowledge" is used, "digital and non-digital assets", "research data", "output", "data, digital collections or data descriptors".
Of these six principles Reciprocity seems somewhat out of scope. It states that "Both Cultural Heritage Institutions and Researchers agree to share content and knowledge equally with each other, making use of data centres and research infrastructures" and as such it merely serves as a recommendation of signing a mutual contract. In fact, all principles are two-sided and describe obligations for institutions as providers and researchers as consumers of heritage data. Interoperability is a combination of part of the FAIR principles 'Interoperability' and 'Accessibility': "international standards, frameworks and interoperability protocols".
The Citation principle states that heritage institutions should apply human and machine readable "relevant data citation standards". It can be questioned that this really something institutions should provide. It seems that citation standards can be derived from provided standard metadata formats as facilitated by tools like Refworks, Mendeley and Zotero.
The Openness principle only addresses the use of licenses, which is represented by the FAIR Reusable 1.1 principle. Openness usually also comprises Findability and Accessibility principles, such as the use of open standards and protocols, persistent identifiers and online availability, for instance as formulated in Tim Berners-Lee Five Stars of Open Data (Berners-Lee [updated 2015]). The Stewardship principle focuses on long term preservation and accessibility. Trustworthiness refers to Provenance (FAIR principle Reusable 1.1), including descriptions of "any relevant materials, equipment, techniques, procedures and protocols used". The final Trustworthiness requirement "alert to any defamatory use of Cultural Heritage data" seems rather out of scope and hardly feasible. It does not describe guidelines for presentation of content and data, but for monitoring usage of these.
DEN – DE BASIS
DEN, the Dutch knowledge centre for digital heritage and culture, has published a set of minimal requirements for digitization of cultural heritage, in Dutch "DE BASIS" (DEN [updated 2016]).[5] It consists of six areas of attention: Rights Management, Findability, Creation, Presentation, Digital Sustainability/Preservation, Description. DE BASIS is a mixture of guidelines, principles, policies, references and roadmaps. As such it serves in fact as a set of principles combined with detailed roadmaps how to implement these principles.
Rights Management extensively covers FAIR 1. (meta)data are released with a clear and accessible data usage license.
Findability actually focuses on four issues: Identification (data are unique and persistently identified: FAIR F1, F4, A1), Accessible (data are accessible via the Internet: FAIR A1), Search Machine Searchable (more or less FAIR F, A, plus HTML search machine recommendations), Reuse (FAIR A1, A1.1, I1, I3, explicitly not the same as FAIR Reusability).
Presentation covers the separation of content and presentation, look and feel, multilinguality, web accessibility
Digital Sustainability/Preservation focuses on the long term preservation and accessibility of digital collections (FAIR does not really cover this as stated before)
Description covers all types of metadata about digital objects (FAIR F1, F2, F4, I1, I3, R1, R1.3).
In their brief existence, the FAIR Data Principles have experienced widespread publicity, adoption and adaptation in the scholarly information world and beyond (Mons et al. 2017). Some of the initiatives discussed here explicitly mention the FAIR principles and their adoption and adaptation of them. In other, older initiatives FAIR principles can be partly identified "after the fact". Whereas FAIR and most of its emulators are targeting the scholarly output environment, some initiatives relate to heritage collections, which is the focus of this article.
Can the FAIR principles be transposed and applied to heritage collection objects? Not as such, but they are a good starting point. The two main limitations are the lack of explicit attention for long term preservation of digital objects, besides their metadata, and the excessive interwovenness of "data" (or objects) and "metadata".
The FAIR-like initiatives focusing on heritage collections differ substantially, which is caused by differences in target audience and objectives. The Cultural Heritage Reuse Charter is in fact a mutual contract between institutions and researchers, and for that reason cannot be implemented unilaterally by institutions. The DEN DE BASIS set of best practices, although it is very broad and complete, is not compact enough for quick adoption.
We deem it necessary for collections to be FAIR. When collections do not meet the FAIR criteria, these collections will be harder to use by teachers, researchers and enterprises. Collections that will not be FAIR will run the risk of being out of the picture, as will in the long term their institution. The objective of this article is to provide a compact, and practical list of guidelines for achieving reusability of LAM collections that can be fairly easily applied by LAM institutions according to their own roadmaps and resources.
Minimum requirements for objects and metadata
The FAIR Principles for scholarly output can be applied to LAM collection objects with a small number of adjustments and extensions, including some principles from the other initiatives mentioned here. The FAIR principles for LAM Collections are applied to three levels instead of two:
Objects (such as books, journals, artifacts, videos, datasets, etc.)
Metadata about the objects on elementary level (such as title, creator, identifier, date, etc.)
Metadata records (body of metadata elements about an object in a specific database)
FAIR principles for objects
Objects (physical and digital) have a globally unique persistent identifier
Objects are described with metadata
Digital objects are permanently accessible by:
Sustainable storage (hardware, storage medium)
Open universal access protocols
Version management
Interoperable
Digital objects are stored in preferred or acceptable formats
Digital objects have a date-timestamp
Objects have a license for reuse, which is also available in a machine readable form
FAIR principles for metadata
Metadata specify the global persistent identifier (PID) of the object. This PID is used in all systems/databases that contain a description of the object in question
Metadata about specific objects are available via one or more searchable online repositories, catalogs, online databases, etcetera
Metadata specify information about an object's availability, obtainability and/or access options
Metadata are available at least in one metadata schema appropriate for the specific type of object
Metadata are available in various additional generic standard data formats for other contexts
Metadata contain links/references to other objects/authority files, by using other global persistent identifiers
Metadata specify the object's rights holder
Metadata contain license information referring to the object
Metadata specify the object's provenance
FAIR principles for metadata records
Metadata records have their own global persistent identifier
Metadata records are machine readable
Metadata records are accessible using open universal protocols
Metadata records must be of sufficient quality
Metadata specify the metadata record's provenance
Metadata specify the entity responsible for the metadata record
Metadata records have their own licence for reuse, which is also available in a machine-readable form
Clarification of the FAIR principles for LAM collections
Persistent identifiers
By "persistent identifier" (PID) we mean a "globally unique persistent identifier". An "identifier" is a code which can be used to refer to an object. "Unique" implies that the identifier is used exclusively for one particular object. "Global" means that the identifier is valid throughout the entire world wide web. "Persistent" entails the permanent availability of the identifier, independently of any individual organizations, systems or systems implementations.
Several systems are available for assigning global persistent identifiers to objects, such as Handle (handle.net), DOI (doi.org), URN-NBN (Hakala and Network Working Group [updated 2001]). For references to people (as author, subject etc.) a number of identifier systems can be applied, such as ORCID (orcid.org), ISNI (isni.org), VIAF (viaf.org). For indexing terms (subject headings, thesaurus terms, classification codes etc.) many identifier systems are available too, such as Library of Congress Subject Headings (Library of Congress Subject Headings [2018]), AAT (Getty Research Institute [updated 2017]), MeSH (National Center for Biotechnology Information, [2018]), etc. Besides persistent identifiers for objects it is also recommended to assign identifiers to metadata records describing the objects. The metadata records in question must contain the identifier of the described objects as one of its metadata elements. Both types of persistent identifier should be findable and usable via the online user interfaces of all systems and repositories that the metadata records are published in. It is still widespread common practice to use internal dedicated system identifiers which refer to both the metadata record and the object described. This type of internal identifier can be published on the web using a URL based on the particular system or domain, but it is not a global and persistent identifier, because it depends on the specific system or domain.
Sustainable storage
It is vital that digital objects are stored in stable server environments in order to assure their long-term availability. Servers have to be managed, monitored and secured in a professional manner. Whenever necessary the objects have to be migrated to new environments. A professional backup system must be in place to avoid the loss of objects. A versioning system must be applied in order to maintain previous versions of newer replacements. These versions must be assigned date-timestamps in order to distinguish between different versions. Objects must be stored in preferred or acceptable formats (Recommended formats statement [2016]), such as PDF (text), JPEG, PNG (image), WAVE, FLAC (audio).
Access protocols
For access to both digital objects and digital metadata, universal access protocols must be made available on several levels. The first level comprises server level access protocols for copying files between servers and workstations (FTP/SFTP), direct server command line access (SSH) and downloading files and data through web browsers (HTTP). The second level consists of application level access protocols for accessing metadata, such as application programming interfaces (APIs), harvesting (OAI-PMH) and retrieving metadata (Z39.50, SRU) and linked data (SPARQL). Finally, there are the general formats and frameworks, other than the domain specific data formats (see Standard metadata formats below), such as XML, RDF, JSON, JSON-LD, which are used to represent the domain specific formats. For instance, MARC can be represented as MARC-XML, Dublin Core in XML, RDF, etc. In order to support reuse of metadata and digital objects as much as possible, options for selecting and downloading in bulk must be presented as well as options for retrieving and downloading records and objects individually.
Standard metadata formats
It must be possible to provide metadata records in various standard formats, other than the format the metadata is stored in. Examples are MARC, Dublin Core, MODS, METS. The stored metadata must be sufficient to describe the specific object type and support the intended reuse. In the linked data context vocabularies or ontologies in RDF are used. For this various standards are available, such as EDM (Europeana Data Model), CIDOC-CRM (for cultural heritage), BIBFRAME (the prospective linked data successor to MARC), as well as well-known formats like Dublin Core and schema.org.
Copyrights and licenses
In order to avoid the recurring necessity of requesting permission for reuse in every individual case, it should be instantly clear what actions are permitted with the objects and metadata. This is possible by including a license provided by the rights holder. The most used open content license is the Creative Commons (CC) license.[6] The CC license is a worldwide, irrevocable, non-exclusive license for the duration of copyright and similar rights, and sui generis database rights. The most used version is the 'CC-BY' (Creative Commons. Attribution 4.0 International [2018]). With a CC-BY, the rights holder gives permission that metadata or an object may be distributed, copied and adapted free of royalties under the condition of attribution. In addition there are 3 other elements that can be added: ND (the metadata or object may not be adapted); SA (must be distributed under the same license); and NC (may not be used for commercial purposes). If copyright no longer applies, or if the copyright is waived by the rights holder, a CC-0 statement can be used to explicitly state that the object or metadata is a part of the public domain or that all copyright and related rights to the fullest extent allowed by law are waived and can be used by anyone without restrictions (CC0 [2018]).
If a license cannot be granted for any reason, consideration can also be given to providing a standardized statement, such as 'Unknown rightsholder'. These standards can be found on the site rightsstatements.org that has been set up by Europeana and the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA). Organizations will have to determine which license for reuse will be granted to which objects and metadata. In addition, organizations must take into account other rights such as contract, portrait, personality and privacy rights in relation to objects and metadata.
For the description of entities related to the objects (people/creators, subjects, organizations, places etc.) the accepted commonly used persistent identifiers, available in accepted external authority files, must be recorded in the metadata whenever possible. For people for instance ORCID, ISNI, VIAF etc. For subjects many sources are available, such as Library of Congress Subject Headings, Getty Art & architecture Thesaurus AAT, Medical Subject Headings MESH, etc.
Provenance originally stands for "the chronology of the ownership, custody or location of a historical object … The primary purpose of tracing the provenance of an object or entity is normally to provide contextual and circumstantial evidence for its original production or discovery, by establishing, as far as practicable, its later history, especially the sequences of its formal ownership, custody and places of storage. The practice has a particular value in helping authenticate objects." (Provenance [updated 2018])
In digital contexts it can also be applied to digital objects, digital representations of objects, data and metadata. In this case provenance can be recorded for physical objects, digital objects and data in the context of all kinds of collections and archives.
In order to promote reuse of metadata and objects the metadata must be correct, complete and up-to-date. To this end a practice of quality assurance for metadata must be adopted. This implies the establishment of requirements the metadata must comply to, monitoring these requirements, verification of the actual metadata, assigning sufficiently qualified staff. The quality requirements at least include the minimum requirements proposed here, with the addition of criteria for the specific domain.
Roadmap to FAIR collections
In order to make collections FAIR, a LAM institution should draw up a roadmap, consisting of a number of steps. Some of these steps can be taken simultaneously, some are preconditions for other steps, some are temporary, others will be permanent.
We recommend the following steps:
Set up a working group
The first step should be setting up a working group, taskforce, or similar, to coordinate and carry out the activities needed for making the institutions collections FAIR. The working group should consist of representatives from all internal stakeholders and specialists, such as metadata experts, developers, systems coordinators, legal copyright experts, etc. The intention is to cover all perspectives of FAIRness: description, hardware, software and legal issues.
The working group could be established as a temporary task force until all collections are FAIR. But it is recommended to have some kind of permanent body to monitor and adjust the situation as needed.
Compile an overview of collections
One of the first tasks of the working group is to compile an overview of all of the institution's collections, and all the databases, repositories and systems these collections are described and presented in.
Compile an overview of existing agreements
An overview of agreements and collaborations of the institution with national and international standards organizations will be helpful in assessing what standards have already been adopted, implemented or agreed upon.
Compile an overview of existing FAIR principles per collection
The overview of collections and the overview of agreements can serve as input for compiling an overview of already implemented FAIR principles per collection. Besides these overviews of course also thorough examination of the collection infrastructure is indispensable. A useful instrument would be a kind of scorecard containing all FAIR principles on which one can mark the score for each principle per collection, including comments. Obviously, the scores can only be established by communicating with all stakeholders. A completed scorecard for each collection will automatically reveal the issues that have to be addressed.
Involve stakeholders
In order to identify the FAIR issues that your users experience, it is recommended to involve all stakeholder groups: end users, researchers, teachers, etc. An advisory group can be established with representatives of all stakeholder groups that are relevant to the institution. Communication between working group and advisory group can produce an overview of usage requirements, use cases, etc.
Talk to others
If possible, talk to other institutions who already managed to make collections FAIR and learn from their experiences. There is no need to invent the wheel again.
Execute a pilot
If appropriate, carrying out a pilot project with a sample collection or sub-collection can be useful to identify the main issues. The pilot can for instance focus on providing bulk downloads of collection data, connecting the collection to other platforms using linked open data, or publishing digitized objects. The pilot will reveal all obstacles that are preventing findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability of the specific collection's data and objects.
Establish a FAIR policy
An institutional policy should be established for achieving FAIR collections, preferably based on a pilot, feedback from stakeholders and the compiled overviews.
Write an Implementation plan
Once an institutional FAIR policy is in place and solid overviews of collections, agreements and issues are available, it is time for writing an implementation plan. In this plan it is essential to set priorities and establish implementation decisions for those principles that are fundamental across all collections. For instance, in order to make anything FAIR, you need globally unique persistent identifiers. So before you do anything else, it is necessary to decide on the specific PID-schemes available (DOI, Handle, URI, etc.) that are suitable, identify the practical implementation issues involved and configure a PID infrastructure.
Other fundamental principles are sustainable storage, license management, links/reference management, provenance information and metadata quality.
The information system/database/software infrastructure is also important. An institution has to be able to implement FAIR principles in the available technical infrastructure. If the institution is dependent on external system and database providers, there have to be plans for negotiating with these providers if necessary. Also, when procuring new database/system environments, it is advisable to incorporate the FAIR principles into the requirements.
When these organizational and technical foundations are adequate, it is time to focus on the systems infrastructure. This depends highly on the degree of distribution and fragmentation of the systems infrastructure. A museum with just one information system for both cataloguing and discovery can focus on that one system only for implementing most of the technical requirements. A university library with physical text material, online digital resources, scholarly output and special collections will have a number of systems and databases for cataloguing, handling and presenting their collections. In this case focus on source systems/databases first, so all improvements can be propagated to dependent target systems. For instance, objects can be described in a backoffice library management system, the metadata can be copied to an end user discovery tool and a repository, the digital objects can be made available in an institutional repository and copied to an online end user tool.
Finally, it is essential that existing workflows and responsibilities are adapted to the new FAIR principles, so that new objects and collections are FAIR from the start.
Making LAM collections FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) is a complex endeavor. It is important that all involved organizational units of an institution work closely together in order to break down the organizational, legal and technological barriers that prevent it. Besides that, external stakeholders, users of the collections and the collection data, have to be involved. As noted, this process requires addressing a wide range of facets when adopting FAIR principles. Therefore, the strategy must be methodical and systematic. Guidelines must be determined, and a policy must be established for the three collection levels "objects", "metadata" and "metadata records" based on a pilot. It is important to observe, evaluate and, if necessary, adapt the guidelines with every new implementation. This approach should lead step by step to make an institution's collections FAIR.
Annotations and FAIR [Internet]. [2018]; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UObmtnCL_Dw5_tQLJkWgfKBsm_4YpCXxiu3zj2Fsuv8/edit
APEF, CLARIN, DARIAH, Europeana, E-RIHS, Iperion-CH, PARTHENOS [Internet]. [2018] Cultural Heritage Data Reuse Charter: the Mission Statement; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: https://sondages.inria.fr/index.php/593568/lang-en
Berners-Lee, T. [Internet]. [updated 2015 Aug 31]. 5-star Open Data; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: http://5stardata.info
British Library Free Data Services [Internet]. [2018]; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: http://www.bl.uk/bibliographic/datafree.html
CC0 [Internet]. [2018]; [cited 2018 May 1]. Available from: https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/CC0
CLARIAH [Internet]. [updated 2017 Aug 9]. Cultural Heritage Data Reuse Charter : Mission Statement. Amsterdam: CLARIAH; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: https://www.clariah.nl/en/new/news/cultural-heritage-data-reuse-charter-mission-statement
Creative Commons. Attribution 4.0 International [Internet]. [2018]; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
DEN [Internet]. [updated 2016 Nov 23]. DE BASIS. DEN; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: http://www.den.nl/debasis
The FAIR data principles [Internet]. [2014] La Jolla, CA: Force11; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: https://www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples
Getty Research Institute [Internet]. [updated 2017 Mar 7]. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. Getty Research Institute; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/
Hakala J, Network Working Group [Internet]. [updated 2001 Oct]. Using National Bibliography Numbers as Uniform Resource Names. Request for Comments. The Internet Society; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3188.txt
ISO [Internet]. [updated 2012 Sep] ISO 14721:2012 (CCSDSS 650.0-P-1.1) Space data and information transfer systems — Open archival information system (OAIS) — Reference model. Geneva: ISO; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: https://www.iso.org/standard/57284.html
Library of Congress. Subject Headings [Internet]. [2018]. Library of Congress; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html
Metadata2020 Librarians [Internet]. [2018]; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: http://www.metadata2020.org/communities/librarians/
Mons B, Neylon B, Velterop J, Dumontier M, da Silva Santos, LOB, Wilkinson, MD. 2017.
Cloudy, increasingly FAIR; revisiting the FAIR Data guiding principles for the European Open Science Cloud. Information Services & Use [Internet]. [cited 2018 Feb 24]; 37(1):49-56. Available from: http://doi.org/10.3233/ISU-170824
Martone M. 2017. Annotating All Knowledge, FAIRly. Hypothes.is [Internet]; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: https://web.hypothes.is/blog/annotating-all-knowledge-fairly/
National Center for Biotechnology Information. MeSH [Internet]. [2018]. Bethesda MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh
Open Definition 2.1 [Internet]. [2018]. Open Knowledge International;[cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: http://opendefinition.org/od/2.1/en/
PARTHENOS/About the project/the goal [Internet]. [2018]; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: http://www.parthenos-project.eu/about-the-project-2/
PARTHENOS. 2017. Report on Guidelines for Common Policies Implementation (1). D3.1. [Internet]; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: http://www.parthenos-project.eu/Download/Deliverables/D3.1_Guidelines_for_Common_Policies_Implementation.pdf
Provenance [Internet]. [updated 2018 Jan 19]; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provenance
Recommended formats statement [Internet]. [2016] Library of Congress; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: https://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/
Rijksmuseum API [Internet]. [2018]; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/api
Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent Open Data [Internet]. [updated 2018]; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: https://lib.ugent.be/en/info/open
What is open? [Internet]. [2018] Open Knowledge International; [cited 2018 Feb 24]. Available from: https://okfn.org/opendata/
Wilkinson MD, Dumontier M, Aalbersberg IJ, Appleton G, Axton M, Baak A, Blomberg N, Boiten J-W, da Silva Santos LB, Bourne PE, Bouwman J, Brookes AJ, Clark T, Crosas M, Dillo I, Dumon O, Edmunds S, Evelo CT, Finkers R, Gonzalez-Beltran A, Gray AJG, Groth P, Goble C, Grethe JS, Heringa J, 't Hoen PAC, Hooft R, Kuhn T, Kok R, Kok J, Lusher SJ, Martone ME, Mons A, Packer AL, Persson B, Rocca-Serra P, Roos M, van Schaik R, Sansone S-A, Schultes E, Sengstag T, Slater T, Strawn G, Swertz MA, Thompson M, van der Lei J, van Mulligen E, Velterop J, Waagmeester A, Wittenburg P, Wolstencrof K, Zhao J, Mons, B. 2016. The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Scientific Data [Internet]. [cited 2018 Feb 24]; 3:160018 Available from: http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18
[1] See also "The library as an open global platform", https://future-of-libraries.mit.edu/
[2] The article is based on an internal advice for the Library of the University of Amsterdam by the authors (2018)
[3] The Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases
[4] Articles 19-21 Dutch Copyright Act
[5] In English "Digital Heritage – Building a Successful ICT Strategy."
[6] Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under a Creative Commons license.
Lukas Koster MSc (l.koster@uva.nl) is Library Systems Coordinator at the Library of the University of Amsterdam and the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (HvA), focusing on data infrastructure and discovery. His current activities are project manager Improvement of the functionality and user experience of the Primo Discovery tool, co-lead of the Working group FAIR Collections and project team member of the Amsterdam Cultural Heritage Linked Open Data Network project. ORCID: 0000-0003-0214-4721.
Saskia Woutersen-Windhouwer LLM (s.windhouwer@uva.nl) is specialist electronic publishing/repository manager and open access service manager at the Library of the University of Amsterdam (UvA) and the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (HvA). She is also involved in Open Science at the UvA and in the Horizon2020 project OpenUP, and co-lead of the Working group FAIR Collections at the UvA. ORCID: 0000-0003-0120-266X.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Will America Go Forward or Backward?
Jun. 11, 2020 3:37 pm
On the same day Donald Trump announced that on Juneteenth he's going to go to Tulsa, Oklahoma, the home of one of America's most brutal and deadly riots where white people burned, looted and murdered African Americans in an iconic, historic and prosperous black community, to give a speech written by Stephen Miller, Trump supporters wearing Klan robes and hoods showed up in Nevada.
What Will It Take to Stop Republicans from Maintaining Structural Racism in Our Voting?
Yesterday we saw the Republican's number one voter suppression strategy on display, as black areas in Georgia were absolutely deprived of enough voting machines and polling places to accommodate their citizens, producing lines as long as six hours to vote.
Fox, Tucker and Trump: Get Your Knees off Their Necks
Jun. 9, 2020 4:21 pm
Following the lead of Donald Trump, it's increasingly appearing that the principal Republican electoral strategy this year is to try to frighten white people with threats of angry black people coming to get them. It's as if Roger stone is still advising Trump, the way he advised Nixon back in the day.
Americans Need to Reinvent our Police Departments: How Do We Do It?
Our Founders had it right: control the guys with guns.
At the Constitutional Convention in 1787, our nation's Founders put our military in a box, which has prevented a military coup for over 240 years.
We have to do the same today with our police.
Will Trump Stop Us From Voting in November?
Today is the anniversary of the Chinese government crushing popular dissent at Tiananmen Square.
This anniversary is happening in the midst of a week in which the President of the United States has militarized Washington DC and is calling for the crushing of dissent here in the United States.
What New Hell Will Trump Rain Down on America Next?
Trump campaigned on nostalgia for the past, with a slogan calling to make America great "again."
And, indeed, he has re-created many of the most notable moments in past American history.
He's brought back the pandemic of 1918, and the widespread death associated with it.
How immunity for cops and Facebook kills Americans
Jun. 3, 2020 7:05 am
When you tell people they won't be held accountable for their actions, it almost always ends badly. That's what's happened with our police and our social media, two institutional pillars of personal and political society in America today.
Does congress have the courage to impeach Trump again?
Yesterday, Donald Trump violated the First Amendment "right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances" for a blasphemous photo-op holding a Bible in front of a church.
How Trump's promotion of mask stupidity could lose him the election
Jun. 2, 2020 11:40 am
Every advanced democracy in the world has its coronavirus epidemic largely under control except the United States. And we're on the verge of melting down again because a substantial minority of Americans simply don't know the basic science of how an epidemic works and why wearing masks is part of breaking the epidemic chain.
How Do We End the Looting?
Looting is the word of the day, on the lips of every newscaster, the president, and elected officials across the country. And, indeed, looting is a major problem in America.
How Do We Heal America From the Damage Caused By Right Wing Media?
May. 29, 2020 3:33 pm
Donald Trump wants to go after social media because Twitter pointed out one of his lies. And, in fact, social media has done a lot of damage to America and the American body politic, with the most visible example being it's help in putting Donald Trump in the White House in 2016.
There's Only One Reason Trump and the GOP Don't Want Mail-in Voting
Trump and Republicans don't want mail-in voting this November because it blows up a couple of their most effective voter suppression schemes.
How Do We Stop Them From Killing More People?
Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro, presidents of the United States and Brazil, are essentially refusing to do anything consequential about an epidemic that is killing massive numbers of their own countries' citizens.
Will Americans Risk Death To Vote Trump Out Of Office?
The contours of Donald Trump's reelection strategy are coming into view. It appears he's trying to get as many people infected as possible in red states and swing states, so by November they will have herd immunity and can go vote.
History will not be kind to the billionaire Trump whisperers responsible for so many COVID-19 deaths
Several new studies and models suggest that if Donald Trump had simply declared a state of national emergency, largely shutting down the country, a few weeks earlier than he did, tens of thousands of people who are dead right now would still be alive.


text:
MP S01.E21: Picture Imperfect
When one of Alison's never-seen co-workers gets bounced for dating a client (and losing the agency the business when the relationship went sour), Alison gets a promotion to assistant account executive! She's going to be working with an art director named Amanda Woodward on Maximum Advantage, a men's underwear brand. None of the agency's usual photographers is available, so Alison takes a flyer on Jo, who decides to go in a bold direction with her artistic concept and hang out with the tennis-star model afterward -- at Shooters, so why she is then astonished to piss off Jake in the process is a real mystery because obviously he is also there. Billy agrees to let Michael fix him up on a blind date with Lydia, a nurse at the hospital. He's not into her, and she's not into him either, but they're both so WASPy that somehow they end up on a crappy second date together. And Rhonda is, once again, doubting that she's ready to commit to Terrence -- but this time, she might not let Matt talk her out of fleeing. We discuss it all in our podcast on "Picture Imperfect"!


text:
U of C covered for utility costs
There's plenty of hot air to be found at the University of Calgary, which may be why the rising cost of gas shouldn't affect tuition consultation this year.
"The university isn't raising tuition to cover utility costs," stated Students' Union Vice-president External Duncan Wojtaszek. "The SU really doesn't want to link the tuition decision to the shortfalls the university has to come up with."
The costs of electricity and natural gas have skyrocketed in recent months. The net effect on the university utility bill is an increase of over $12 million over the next two years.
"The utility increase shouldn't affect the tuition decision this year," said Richard Roberts, Associate Vice-president Finance for the U of C. "The assumption will be that the government is going to be able to address the majority of the increase so that there wouldn't be the need to look for tuition fees to offset the utility cost increase."
A maximum tuition increase would cover less than 50 per cent of the projected utility cost increase, and Roberts agreed that the university is expecting government, not tuition dollars, to address the issue.
Prompted by sudden increases in energy source costs, the government of Alberta has provided one-time funding of $6.2 million to assist with the projected utility cost increase of $7 million for the 2000/2001 year. The government also plans to monitor ongoing cost increases and will put a program in place to respond to those in the next fiscal year.
"There's always other costs to consider," added Wojtaszek. "Faculty salaries go up every year, the costs of books go up, but the utility cost increase was out of nowhere and the university hadn't really planned on it."
In addition to increased funding, there is an initiative underway to bring energy efficiency into U of C buildings, explained Roberts.
"We're doing one building at a time, bringing energy efficient light bulbs in and doing all the things we can do to make the physical plant as efficient as possible," he said.
"Everything we can do to bring the volume side down helps, as the price side continues to go up."
Roberts added that with energy efficiency measures in place, energy use in the Administration building has been reduced by
50 per cent.
Published January 18, 2001 By Masoud
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Guidelines from ANNA. Note: information may not be up to date. For information use only.
This paper aims to clarify (i) the ISIN allocation rules for debt instruments issued under Rule 144A and Regulations S and (ii) the role of each of the National Numbering Agencies involved in this allocation process.
The document will be used to update the ISIN allocation guidelines of ISO-6166 and serves as such to other involved parties in the allocation process such as lead managers, dealers and issuing agents. This guideline should help all parties to easily select the responsible National Numbering Agency (NNA) in charge of the allocation of the ISIN code. Annex 1 of this document summarizes the responsibilities of the involved NNA.
For more detailed legal definitions of the Rule 144A and Regulation S, we refer to the relevant provisions of US law/regulation.
Authorized by ANNA Task Force 17 and ANNA Board of Directors.
Safe harbor for private resale or restricted securities to "Qualified Institutional Buyers" (QIBs 1) by persons other than the issuer of the securities.
– securities may not be sold in the market for 2 years after issuance.
– in the third year sales in public secondary market are subject to restrictions on volumes and the manner of sale.
An offer or sale to a QIB is exempt from registration if the seller takes reasonable steps to ensure that the buyer is aware that the seller is relying on 144A.
Notice to buyer that securities are restricted.
Certification from buyer that it is a QIB and that it will resell the securities only to QIBs to whom it gives notice of the selling restrictions.
Legend on securities or express language in the terms and conditions to the effect that the resale is restricted to the resale allowed under the safe harbor rules (exemptions).
'registered'form (SEC/IRS requirement) whereas for other places of deposit, the securities can be either in 'registered' or 'bearer' form.
Any offer or sale of the security must be made in an "offshore transaction".
– no offer to persons in the US.
– no "directed selling efforts" in the US.
– no offers targeting US persons outside the US.
'registered' form (SEC/IRS requirement) whereas for other places of deposit, the securities can be either in 'registered' or 'bearer' form.
For debt securities, SUSMI means: more than 300 US holders or more than 1 billion principal amount held by US persons or more than 20 %¨of outstanding amount held by US persons.
Exchange from one global to the other is restricted (usually possible upon certification of compliance).
– The Reg S receives a XS-Common-x ISIN.
– one form evidencing the Reg S portion which is deposited with a "common depositary"for Bank and Clearstream Banking Luxembourg and is registered in the name of the nominee of the common depositary.
Note that, notwithstanding exchanges from one form to the other are possible at any time, the 2 globals should not be considered as fungible.
Exchange from one global to the other is restricted (usually possible upon certification).
– The Reg S receives a US-CINS-x ISIN.
Structure4: 144A and REG S split note deposited in DTC and Common Depositary.
4 separate global securities in registered form which are deposited with a "common depositary" structure held through Bank (EB)/Clearstream Banking (CBL) and DTC, one evidencing the RegS portion in both EB/CBL and DTC , the other evidencing the 144A portion in both EB/CBL and DTC.
The global securities deposited in DTC are registered in the name of CEDE & CO as nominee for DTC. The global securities deposited with a common depositary are registered in the nominee name of the common depositary.
– The 144A receives a US-CUSIP-x ISIN for the portion deposited in DTC.
– The Reg S receives a US-CINS-x ISIN for the portion deposited in DTC.
– The 144A receives a XS-COMMON-x ISIN for the portion deposited with a common depositary.
– The Reg S receives a XS-COMMON-x ISIN for the portion deposited with a common depositary.
Where the RegS and/or 144A portion of the security is/are safely deposited with a US Central Securities Depository (CSD), the ISIN will bear a US-prefix.
Where the RegS and/or 144A portion of the security is/are safely deposited with a "Common Depository" Bank/Clearstream Banking, the ISIN will bear an XS- prefix.
In case of bifurcated structure (scenario 1A and 3A) or split note (scenario 4), different unique ISIN codes on each portion (minimum 2 – maximum 4 portions) will be allocated in accordance with the place of depot of the security.
3 DTC deposit means 'registered'form only, other deposit structures allow both 'registered'and 'bearer'form.
4 No recent issues were identified but this scenario has been added for the sake of completeness. In the event such a scenario occurs, the relevant numbering agencies will co-operate to apply this rule appropriatly.


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Q: unit, integration and system tests for PHP applications We were given an assignment to develop a prototype for a customer community. It was suggested PHP as the programming language. (but we're not supposed to actually code it, just a prototype with documentation is required)
I'm wondering what are the best practices/ tools used in Unit testing, Integration Testing and System testing for such a php app
Thanks

A: In PHP, the big name in Unit Testing is arguably PHPUnit. Related questions:

*

*Best way to implement unit testing in PHP

*What's the state of PHP unit testing frameworks in 2010?
As for the integration aspect, maybe this question will give you some pointers:

*

*Setting up a deployment / build / CI cycle for PHP projects

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


…well, for awhile, it was just me with an annoying cough.
This week, the childrens got sick. Lots of coughing, LOTS of snotty nose, not much appetite, Miss Squeaky even threw up.
Yesterday, we took them to the doctor. And the doctor we saw, is so very nice and polite and sweet. She always starts an appointment telling us how beautiful and wonderful our babies are. And says that she can't wait to meet them and talk with them because already they have such distinct personalities. I am sure she says that to all the parents.
Now their mommy is feeling sick. And their papa is starting to feel a little bit of the itchy in the back of his throat.
Good thing we have the kitties to take care of us.
I don't know what y'all are doing this weekend. But if you haven't already, I strongly recommend you renting & watching "Word Play".
Following in the tradition of the documentary about a competition, such as "Spellbound" and "The Heart of the Game". I really like watching people perform at the highest levels. It is inspiring to see what we as humans are capable of.
And with cameos by Bill Clinton, Jon Stewart & the Indigo Girls.
I tell you what, it makes me want to start doing crossword puzzles, and maybe someday, i could be good enough to finish a Monday New York Times crossword puzzle in a day or two.
Wow…I wish I was really, really good at something.
I hope I'm a good parent, although that's not a competition, so you don't really know. That's the great thing about competition, you can know.
I am happy to have a bit of time in the morning with the childrens. Especially on a night like tonight, when they are falling asleep when I finally get home, and are asleep thirty minutes later. Our day usually begins around 6 and we leave for daycare around 8. So there's some time to play, and eat, and hang out…but I also need to get ready for my day too.
Miss Squeaky has started patting me on the back when I pick her up. So very helpful, making sure I don't have any burps in my belly.
This morning, whilst brushing my teeth, I heard the babies talking, then I heard a bump,…no screaming…and then the babies were talking again. When I went to check on them, Mr Grunty was out of the boppy and had rolled over by the couch, and was scratching on it…just like the kitties taught him.
Saturday, we went to a Multiples group gathering, hoping to get sage advice, except that Mr. Grunty & Miss Squeaky were almost the oldest kids there. It's funny, people were talking about different methods used to get kids to sleep. We didn't really use a method. We certainly didn't have enough will power to try and Feberize Miss S (And we didn't want her screaming to wake Mr. G.), and mostly, it worked, they've learned how to mostly sleep from around 8 pm to around 6 am. Now that I've said that, I'm sure they will wake us up every hour tonight.
I did learn, that a side-by-side stroller is better, than front-&-back for kids our age. Because, it is easier to maneuver up curbs, since the center of gravity is a lot closer to the back wheels.
After that we visited our good friend at Indecisive Ramblings, who was very sad and missing her Kipper. Kipper returned home today. Yeah!!
And we went for a short walk in the park.
And we went for a short walk in the park again. Thanxies, God for the beautiful weather!
Then we went to have a play date with "Milo". He's already a year old!
Uh oh. I just heard Miss S.
Castro is stepping down! Yay!!
Let us reflect for a moment, how good a job did that embargo do? Maybe soon we can win that war on poverty!
Voting went OK in Pakistan. I love seeing photos of happy Muslim women who have just voted. Smile for democracy!
And things are looking good for Obama.
Jason Kidd is a Mavrick and we're past the All-Star break so the real NBA season begins.
No, I never get tired of telling how cute they are.
Miss Squeaky has both of her hands behind her head.
Mr. Grunty has his arms spread out.
Well, it's bedtime for papa.
We check on them before we go to bed, we check on them if we have to go to the bathroom in the middle of the night. Sometimes it's just enough to stand between their beds and hear them breathing. (Stuffy noses makes that easier.) Sometimes I have to touch the blankets to feel their diaphragm move. Sometimes I have to tickle their nose or ear to get them to move a bit.
So the other day, MyBetterHalf's boss came over to babysit the childrens ( how cool is that!) and me and MyBetterHalf got to go on a date!
It was nice. It was entertaining. Everybody did their job competently.
Childrens…always trying to find some way to hurt themselves. No wonder my mom has grey hair.
Miss Squeaky is real good now at rolling over, which means often we hear a thunk, and then a scream, and go see that she has rolled over enough to hit her head against the bars of her bed.
Mr. Grunty finds that funny, and laughs at her, with one of his at an acute angle to his body and foot caught between the bars of his bed.
Today, had the day off, and I took the childrens to visit their mommy on her lunch break. We walked around her work, showing off our childrens, and they got lots of "you're so cute…adorable…big". It was funnsies for all.
You know, sometimes, when everybody is doing it, and you get caught up in the excitement, and you do something that technically you aren't allowed to do, so now you have to live with the consequences?
I will not be completing F.A.W.M. this year.
Good luck Blub! Keep up the good fight!
You are currently browsing the Getting Better All the Time 4.0 blog archives for February, 2008.


text:
Q: Spring JDBC failing - Method org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.createClob() is not yet implemented I am working on an application that uses Spring JDBC and postgresql-42.4.24.jar. While executing an update query, the batch application fails with the below exception.
Caused by: java.sql.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException: Method org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.createClob() is not yet implemented.
    at org.postgresql.Driver.notImplemented(Driver.java:699) ~[postgresql-42.2.24.jar:42.2.24]
    at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.createClob(PgConnection.java:1344) ~[postgresql-42.2.24.jar:42.2.24]
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.DelegatingConnection.createClob(DelegatingConnection.java:868) ~[commons-dbcp2-2.1.1.jar:2.1.1]
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.DelegatingConnection.createClob(DelegatingConnection.java:868) ~[commons-dbcp2-2.1.1.jar:2.1.1]
    at org.springframework.jdbc.support.lob.TemporaryLobCreator.setClobAsString(TemporaryLobCreator.java:101) ~[spring-jdbc-4.0.5.RELEASE.jar:4.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.batch.core.repository.dao.JdbcExecutionContextDao$1.setValues(JdbcExecutionContextDao.java:238) ~[spring-batch-core-3.0.3.RELEASE.jar:3.0.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate$2.doInPreparedStatement(JdbcTemplate.java:914) ~[spring-jdbc-4.0.5.RELEASE.jar:4.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate$2.doInPreparedStatement(JdbcTemplate.java:909) ~[spring-jdbc-4.0.5.RELEASE.jar:4.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.execute(JdbcTemplate.java:644) ~[spring-jdbc-4.0.5.RELEASE.jar:4.0.5.RELEASE]

Note I am not using Spring JPA or Hibernate for this application. Please help me resolve this issue.
The batch application should run as expected completing all update queries. Since this is a legacy application, it doesn't use Spring JPA or Hibernate.

A: Checking your stack, it looks that Spring is being used.
According to this answer, and this website you need to set the parameter.


text:
Hazleton is a town in White River Township, Gibson County, Indiana, United States. The population was 263 at the 2010 census making it the second smallest community in the county. While having almost no connection to it, it is part of the Evansville, Indiana, Metropolitan Area.

History
Hazleton is the second-oldest town in Gibson County after Patoka. It was named in honor of Gervas Hazleton, believed to be the second settler to permanently locate to the county. Hazleton first lived in a crude camp lit by large log fires that was a popular stopover for early migrants to the area.

The town was platted in 1856 by Lucius French. T. S. Fuller erected the town's first frame building, and John Breedlove built the town's blacksmith shop.  The first steamboat of any note to travel up the White River was the Cleopatria in 1884.

On March 10, 1897, a passenger train of the Evansville and Terre Haute Railroad (now the Chicago & Eastern Illinois) wrecked near Hazleton. An embankment which carried the tracks past the White River had been weakened by the river's flood waters, and collapsed under the weight of the train, causing it to derail.  Around a dozen people are believed to have been killed, though most bodies were never found.

Geography
Hazleton is located at  (38.488953, -87.541652). The town is situated along the south bank of the White River in northern Gibson County (the river marks the county line between Gibson and Knox counties).  State Road 56 connects the town with U.S. Route 41, which runs northward to Vincennes and southward to the Evansville area. Hazleton is  above sea level.

According to the 2010 census, Hazleton has a total area of , all land.

Demographics

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 194 people, 108 households, and 78 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 120 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.3% White, 2.3% African American, and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.4% of the population.

There were 108 households, of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.8% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.86.

The median age in the town was 44.9 years. 21.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.8% were from 25 to 44; 35.3% were from 45 to 64; and 14.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.2% male and 49.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 288 people, 108 households, and 84 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 119 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.22% White, and 2.78% from two or more races.

There were 108 households, out of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.2% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 31.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,875, and the median income for a family was $36,406. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,156. About 25.0% of families and 25.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 12.5% of those 65 or over.

References

External links

 Entry ata IOFF Hazleton Cemetery list of graves

Towns in Gibson County, Indiana
Towns in Indiana
Evansville metropolitan area
Communities of Southwestern Indiana
Populated places established in 1806

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Richard Wolfe
Richard Wolfe was born and raised in New York City. He studied violin with Aaron Shapinsky and Dorothy DeLay, and graduated from the College-Conservatory of Music in Cincinnati, Ohio in the class of Walter Levin (primarius of the LaSalle Quartet).
Richard then spent five years in Israel, and was for three years a member of the Israel Chamber Orchestra. It was during this time, and at the request of chief conductor Rudolph Barshai, that he began to play the viola as a serious endeavor.
In 1982 Richard moved to Amsterdam , and joined the Netherlands Chamber Orchestra (NKO) in 1984, where he was appointed solo violist in 1986. Since then, he has appeared numerous times as soloist with the NKO, both in the Netherlands and abroad. In the season 2016-17 Richard is scheduled to perform and record Mozart's 'Symfonie Concertante' with the NKO and its artistic leader, Gordan Nikolić.
He teaches viola at the conservatories of Utrecht and Amsterdam, and he is a passionate chamber music player, having collaborated with artists such as Sergiu Luca and Roel Dieltiens, as well as being a member of the Bellamy String Quartet.
Richard plays on an anonymous Milanese viola built around 1800, and also owns, and is enjoying discovering, a new viola made by the Amsterdam luthier Bengt Widlund.


The new spot offers moms a message of success in nutrition and healthy growth for their children.
Arc unveiled its newest campaign work for PediaSure, "A Lot to Look Up To." The spot was created for PediaSure's Grow & Gain nutrition shake, a supplement for kids falling behind on growth.
For moms who will do anything to help their kids thrive, the campaign offers a reassuring message. The commercial features a young boy at its center, speaking for himself to convey his preference for the product—clinically proven to help kids grow. The focus becomes the individual potential of each child, rather than a comparison with peers.
"A Lot to Look Up To," created in English and Spanish, will run on broadcast, streaming and online TV, as well as on social, extending the importance of healthy growth and long-term achievement.


Our patented stainless steel Boost-A-Cap chimney flue extension is a cost effective way to bring your chimney up to spec and prevent down-drafting and smoke crossover problems. It also allows for the proper installation of two standard caps next to each other. It uses our unique, adjustable expansion system to tightly fit inside your flue and increases the overall height by 12 inches.
Usage: Chimney flue extension – Used to extend the height of a standard chimney cap. Used on 12×12 / 13×13 inch O.D. flues.
Dimensions: For use on 10.4″ to 11.7″ ID.
Notes: Stainless Steel Boost-a-Cap kit includes all mounting hardware and instructions. Caps not included.


text:
Utah State suffers heartbreaking 78-77 loss to Fresno State
Written by Daniel Hansen
The Utah State men's basketball team fell agonizingly short in a 78-77 loss to Fresno State on Wednesday night at the Dee Glen Smith Spectrum. The Aggies led from the opening tip until FSU's Braxton Huggins put the Bulldogs in front with a 3-pointer with 5.5 seconds remaining.
"Losing's always disappointing," head coach Craig Smith said. "Fresno (State) and us have been two of the most consistent teams all year as witnessed by our records and who we've beaten and how we've won… This is a pivotal game for us. We play two of the top three teams in the first three games of league play, and it's at home. That's what's disappointing."
USU blitzed the Bulldogs from the start, opening the game on a 12-4 run before the first media timeout, powered by two blocks from freshman Neemias Queta and three assists from sophomore Crew Ainge. Fresno State responded with a 8-2 run of their own, relying on the scoring Nate Grimes and Huggins to close the gap.
Following the frenetic pace of the opening minutes, the Mountain West's top two defensive teams in points allowed per game began to settle in, with both teams suffering through scoring droughts lasting several minutes. The Aggies eventually emerged from the defensive stand-off to build an 11-4 run in the closing minutes of the half to stretch the lead into double digits, before a 3-pointer from Deshon Taylor brought the score to 38-30 heading into halftime.
"I'm really proud of our guys. I loved our effort. I loved our energy," said head coach Craig Smith. "We're a very good defensive team… We just couldn't find a way to get those stops down the stretch."
The Bulldogs climbed back immediately in the second half, with two straight 3-pointers cutting the deficit to only two points. On multiple occasions, the Aggies seemed poised to take firm control of the game, extending their lead back to nine points at one point in the second half, but the 3-point shooting of Fresno State repeatedly allowed the Bulldogs to stay within striking distance. Fresno State shot 10-16 from behind the arc in the second half, and 15-31 for the entire game.
The Aggies maintained their lead for much of the second half on the strength of their free throw shooting. USU finished 21-30 from the FT line in the game, including 18-23 in the second half. In the final minutes, however, the Aggies left several points on the board, converting only three of their final six FTs to leave the door open for Fresno State.
With the opportunity, Huggins found enough room to drain his eighth 3-pointer of the game put the Bulldogs in front 78-77. A final 3-point attempt from junior Sam Merrill missed, as did a desperation tip-in from senior Quinn Taylor, to seal the win for Fresno State.
"Just a tough loss," Porter said. "You lead the whole entire game, wire-to-wire until that last shot. That just hits you in the gut when you lose like that… I think that's the biggest takeaway is experience. Experiencing a game like that and being ready for the next one."
Merrill and Queta each finished with 16 points to lead the Aggies, while sophomore Abel Porter added a career-high 14 points. Miller added 11 points, while senior Quinn Taylor finished with 10 points.
Huggins led the Bulldogs with 33 points on the night, with Noah Blackwell and Deshon Taylor scoring 13 and 11 points, respectively.
The game continued a theme of close games between Utah State and Fresno State. Last year, the Aggies escaped with a 65-62 victory at Fresno State courtesy of a buzzer-beating 3-pointer from Daron Henson. At home, USU utilized a 10-0 run over the final 4:12 of the game to force overtime before winning 81-79 in the extra period.
"Obviously a devastating loss," freshman Brock Miller said. "Credit to Fresno State, they came out especially in the second half and made some tough shots. But overall, I think that we're going to learn from this and we have to keep moving forward and keep working hard. Definitely a tough break, but we'll get it back."
With the loss, the Aggies are now 1-2 in MW play, and face an uphill climb back into the upper echelon of the conference standings. At 11-5 overall, USU will attempt to right the ship with two games on the road at Wyoming and San Jose State.
"We're really hungry now, coming off a tough loss to Nevada and a tough loss to Fresno (State)," Miller said. "We're only three games in, so everything that we want is still ahead of us. We're still heads up, we're positive, and we're going to be ready to roll on Saturday."
Tipoff between Utah State and Wyoming is scheduled for Saturday at 4 pm MST.
Posted in Sports, USUTagged Abel Porter, Aggie Basketball, Braxton Huggins, Brock Miller, Craig Smith, Fresno State basketball, Fresno State Bulldogs, Neemias Queta, Quinn Taylor, Sam Merrill, Utah State Aggies, Utah State Basketball


text:
Мадле́н Софи́ Бара́ (Магдалина София Бара, ; ) — основательница и первая настоятельница католической монашеской конгрегации «Сёстры Святейшего Сердца Иисуса».

В 1925 году папой римским Пий XI причислена к лику святых.

Биография
Родилась в городке Жуани, в Бургундии и была младшей дочерью виноградаря Жака Бара. Нежная мать «мадам Фуфе» баловала девочку. Её брат Луи, который был старше её на 11 лет и стремился стать священником, обучал её всему, чему учили мальчиков в колледже св. Иакова, где он работал учителем.

До начала Великой французской революции девочка успела пожить в атмосфере христианской семьи и принять в родном приходе Первое Причастие, что и было отражено после её канонизации на одном из витражей приходского храма. Великая французская революция принесла радикальные перемены в обществе. Начались преследование священников, отказавших подчиниться новой власти. В обществе царил террор, и происходили многочисленные смертные приговоры. Религиозная жизнь во Франции ушла в подполье. София участвовала в Мессах, которые совершались на чердаках и в сараях, общалась со священниками, которые не захотели оставить свою паству и потому непрестанно подвергались риску попасть в тюрьму или лишиться жизни.

Семье Бара пришлось заботиться о Луи, который оказался в парижской тюрьме. София и вся её семья усердно молились Сердцу Иисуса и в конце концов дождались освобождения Луи, который вскоре после революции стал священником. После освобождения он решил и дальше заботиться о воспитании младшей сестры. По его просьбе она приехала в Париж, где Луи учил её всему, что преподавали в семинарии до революции. Они занимались Библией и Отцами Церкви, читали тексты на латыни и по-гречески, на практике изучали аскетику. София мечтала о поступлении в кармелитский монастырь, но всех кармелиток из монастыря в Компьене казнили, были уничтожены и другие монастыри. Однако Луи познакомился со священником Иосифом Варёном, который много трудился, чтобы вернуть в общество христианские ценности. Иосиф Варен заметил необычные способности Софии и стал её духовником. Он прислушался к желанию Софии воздать Сердцу Иисуса за богохульства и преступления революции и помог Софии увидеть путь воспитания девушек как лучший способ воздаяния Сердцу Иисуса. Был уверен что молодые девушки, как будущие жёны и матери поспособствуют возрождению общества. София согласилась с ним, и вместе с несколькими подругами в 1800 году в Париже принесла первые обеты. С этой маленькой общиной она основала первую школу в Амьене. Прошло два года и её неожиданно выбрали настоятельницей общины, а в 1806 году она стала генеральной настоятельницей развивающейся Конгрегации Святейшего Сердца. Она оставалась на этой должности до самой кончины.

С тех пор София постоянно была в пути, ездила дилижансом по городам Франции и других стран Европы, писала Конституции для своих сестёр и сумела воплотить их в жизнь. Она беседовала с епископами и находила спонсоров для новых школ.

Оставила 14 тысяч писем к сёстрам, где заботилась об их здоровье и профессиональном росте, но прежде всего об их духовным развитии.
Несмотря на очень деятельную жизнь, Магдалина София старалась сохранить начальный дух призвания молодой девушки готовой всё отдать своему Жениху для восстановления Его Царства на земле.

София умерла в торжество Вознесения Господня, в Париже, 25 мая 1865 года.

Почитание
24 мая 1908 года папа Пий Х причислил её к лику блаженных, и в тот же день в 1925 году папа Пий XI причислил её к лику святых.

Память Софии Бара во Франции, в Конгрегации Святейшего Сердца и всеми её воспитанниками и друзьями торжественно празднуется 25 мая. Мощи её находятся в церкви Сен-Франсуа-Ксавье в Париже.

См. также
 Список святых, канонизированных папой римским Пием XI

Примечания

Святые Франции
Католические святые
Католические монахини Франции
Канонизированные католические монахини
Христианские святые XIX века
Беатифицированные Пием X
Канонизированные Пием XI
Канонизированные в XX веке


On the day of "How Many Dogs Can Fetch Money?," my Carmel, California home phone rang at 5:00 a.m. with the news. Long before the internet, the Rodrigue Gallery phone continued ringing for a month. At daybreak I purchased ten newspapers from the Carmel Drugstore, where two men asked for my autograph. I was flabbergasted.
In addition to clients, reporters, and publishers, George received the one call he most wanted. The following week he flew to New York and met Roz Cole, Andy Warhol's legendary book agent.
I wasn't in on those meetings, but after years of working with publishers I imagine what it was like. George grew frustrated defending his work and convincing the book world of his project's marketability.
Eventually, Viking Penguin committed to a Blue Dog book, and George and I committed, coincidentally, to each other. This landed me, albeit peripherally, in my first publishing project. We began at Viking's offices in New York City in the fall of 1993. The book, Blue Dog, would feature Rodrigue's paintings and an imaginary story by George and author Lawrence Freundlich. In a large boardroom, a team of editors, art directors, and marketing strategists explained the book, a paperback retailing for $20.
George sat dismayed and considered abandoning the project. They still did not understand his work. A cheap book only cheapened his art, and he had no interest.
Suddenly, Peter Mayer, Penguin Books' near-mythic CEO, burst in the room. In five minutes he transformed the paperback into a hard cover book with slipcase, hologram, and other special features, retailing for $50. He congratulated George on his art, leaving the room as fast as he arrived, having altered permanently a project and attitudes.
The book, with an innovative design by Alexander Isley, tells a touching story of Blue Dog, first as Tiffany living in George's Lafayette studio and, following her death, her ghost's cry for his attention. In the fictitious tale, she haunts his dreams and eventually lives again through his art.
Viking printed a cautious 5,000 copies of Blue Dog, released fall of 1994. The book's popularity surprised nearly everyone but George, and the publisher reprinted quickly, now topping 200,000 copies in five languages. Blue Dog is a legend in the world of art books, something people still talk about when we visit New York.
Since Blue Dog, George published books and calendars with Stewart, Tabori & Chang, Harry N. Abrams, Sterling and Rizzoli. He embraces these books as works of art, reflecting his on-going confidence in his vision and his enthusiasm for such projects.
With The Art of George Rodrigue (Harry N. Abrams, 2003; revised 2012) and George Rodrigue Prints: A Catalogue Raisonné (Abrams, 2008), he experienced his proudest publishing achievements since The Cajuns of George Rodrigue (Oxmoor House, 1976), career retrospectives with critical texts by Art Historian Ginger Danto and Director Emeritus of the New Orleans Museum of Art, E. John Bullard.
.....I'm delighted to share, a Fall 2013 project for me with UL Press.
This is so exciting. I hope the publisher knows these blog posts are set in stone and flawless and absolutely cannot be changed by a single keystroke or the gods of words will rain down on Lafayette and forever make them afraid. Can't wait!!!
I loved this story. Wendy, your storytelling style is so vivid, I felt like I was in the room, rooting for the hardback verson and actually said "yeahh" when it happended. Thanks for making everything multidimensioned! George's story just keeps getting fuller and fuller!
close to him. They had it beautifully framed and proudly hangs in our living room...So many people can't believe I was presented with one of his beautiful prints from 1988.
Many thanks for sharing, Elwood. What a wonderful gift and memory. George and I are so pleased that his artwork is a treasure in your home.


text:
Sale Sharks - The Basics
City: Salford
Club: Sale Sharks
Nickname: The Sharks
Stadium Name: A.J.Bell Stadium
1 Stadium Way
M30 7EY
www.salesharks.com
info@salesharks.com
www.facebook.com/salesharks
@SaleSharksRugby
Home Colours: Dark Blue, White
Away Colours: Yellow
For Fixtures Go To:
Sale Sharks: Stadiums Past,Present …..and Future
Edgeley Park is named after the Stockport suburb in which it stands. The stadium was originally built for the town's rugby league club but was taken over by football outfit Stockport County when the RL side ceased to exist in 1902.
The original wooden main stand was destroyed by a fire in 1935. . Its replacement was built a year later and still occupies the Hardcastle
Road side of the ground. The Cheadle End was redeveloped in 1995 and dwarfs all the other structures in the ground. It is responsible for half the capacity of the stadium with room for more than 5,000 fans. By 2001 Edgeley was an all-seater arena, with the "Pop Side" opposite the main stand renovated to accommodate 2,000 spectators and the uncovered Railway
End having its terracing removed to create the 10,000 capacity arena seen
The Sharks began using the stadium for their forst-team home matches in 2003, after Premiership ground regulations and economic realities made them vacate Sale's spiritual home, Heywood Road. The opening game was an
epic 37-37 draw with Northampton.
In October 2005, Munster were beaten in the Heineken Cup and the following May a Premiership semi-final was staged at the ground, when a capacity crowd roared the Sharks to victory against Wasps. Two weeks later the club were crowned English champions for the first time. In 2007 Edgeley Park was used as a venue during the Churchill Cup, seeing England Saxons outclass the United States 51-3.
In the 2010/11 season the Sharks embarked on a three-year agreement with Bolton Wanderers to stage Premiership games at the football club's 28,723 capacity Reebok Stadium, in a bid to increase their support base.
An impressive 17,000 of just under 17,000 turned up in April 2011 to see them play London Irish. But Sale admit that the "Rugby At The Reebok" venture might have to be temporarily shelved because of scheduling difficulties in 2011/12.
Sale Sharks are considering a move away from Edgeley Park to rugby league side Salford City Reds' new stadium. The £26m City of Salford stadium, which will have a capacity of 12,000 , is due to open in February 2012. The Barton site, which is situated close to the M60, would be an enticing prospect for Sale, and with the Rugby League season running from February to September, there would be little cross-over with Union fixtures.
Jan 2014:
Sale Sharks are reported to be considering returning to Edgeley Park amid concerns about the financial viability of playing their home games at the AJ Bell Stadium.
Low attendances, allied to poor transport links and other travel issues , means the Sharks are considering other venues, including Bolton's Reebock Stadium, Leigh Sports Village and Bury's Gigg Lane, in addition to Edgeley Park.