text:
M. Andersson, S. Dobberschtz, K. Sand, D. Tobler, J. D. Yoreo et al., A Microkinetic Model of Calcite Step Growth, Angew. Chem, vol.128, pp.1-6, 2016.
A. E. Van-driessche, L. G. Benning, J. D. Rodriguez-blanco, M. Ossorio, P. Bots et al., The Role and Implications of Bassanite as a Stable Precursor Phase to Gypsum Precipitation, Science, vol.336, pp.69-72, 2012.
C. Perdikouri, C. V. Putnis, A. Kasioptas, and A. Putnis, An atomic force microscopy study of the growth of a calcite surface as a function of calcium/total carbonate concentration ratio in solution at constant supersaturation, Crystal Growth Des, vol.9, pp.4344-4350, 2009.
J. N. Bracco, A. G. Stack, and C. I. Steefel, Upscaling Calcite Growth Rates from the Mesoscale to the Macroscale, Environ. Sci. Technol, vol.47, pp.7555-7562, 2013.
M. Wothers, D. D. Tommaso, Z. Du, and N. De-leeuw, Variations in calcite growth kinetics with surface topography: molecular dynamics simulations and process-based growth kinetics modelling, CrystEngComm, vol.15, pp.5506-5514, 2013.
M. De-la-pierre, P. Raiteri, A. Stack, and J. Gale, Uncovering the Atomistic Mechanism for Calcite Step Growth, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, vol.56, pp.8464-8467, 2017.
F. Bouville, E. Maire, S. Meille, B. V. De-moortèle, A. Stevenson et al., tough and stiff bioinspired ceramics from brittle constituents, Nature Mat, vol.13, pp.508-514, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01761560
K. Larsen, K. Bechgaard, and S. L. Stipp, The effect of the Ca 2+ to CO 2? 3 activity ratio on spiral growth at the calcite {1014} surface, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, vol.74, pp.2099-2109, 2010.
. Vitruvius, The ten books of architecture English -translation by, 1914.
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F. Kohler, L. Gagliardi, O. Pierre-louis, and D. Dysthe, Cavity Formation in Confined Growing Crystals, Phys. Rev. Lett, p.96101, 2018.
M. Merlini, M. Hanfland, and W. A. Crichton, CaCO 3 -III and CaCO 3 -VI, high-pressure polymorphs of calcite: Possible host structures for carbon in the Earth's mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, pp.265-271, 2012.
Y. Diao and R. Espinoza-marzal, Molecular insight into the nanoconfined calcitesolution interface, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, vol.113, pp.12047-12052, 2016.
S. Weiner,
L. Addadi, Crystallization Pathways in Biomineralization, Annu Rev. Mater. Res, 2011.
E. Weber and B. Pokroy, Intracrystalline inclusions within single crystalline hosts: from biomineralization to bio-inspired crystal growth, CrystEngComm, vol.17, p.5873, 2015.
C. Damle, A. Kumar, S. Sainkar, M. Bhagawat, and M. Sastry, Growth of Calcium Carbonate Crystals within Fatty Acid Bilayer Stacks, Langmuir, vol.18, p.6075, 2002.
J. Ihli, J. Clark, N. Kanwal, Y. Kim, M. Holden et al., Visualization of the effect of additives on the nanostructures of individual bio-inspired calcite crystals, Chem. Sci, 2019.
Y. Kim, J. D. Carloni, B. Demarchi, D. Sparks, D. G. Reid et al., Tuning hardness in calcite by incorporation of amino acids, Nature Mat, vol.15, pp.903-912, 2016.
, 12927, a computer program for speciation, batchreaction, one-dimensional transport and inverse geochemical calculations, U.S. Geological Survey
G. Montanari, L. Lakshtanov, D. Tobler, K. Dideriksen, K. N. Dalby et al., Effect of Aspartic Acid and Glycine on Calcite Growth, Crystal Growth Des, vol.16, pp.4813-4821, 2016.
D. Gasperino, A. Yeckel, B. Olmsted, M. Ward, and J. Derby, Mass transfer limitations at Crystallizing interfaces in an atomic force microscopy fluid cell: A finite element analysis. Langmuir, vol.22, pp.6578-6586, 2006.
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A. Burgos-cara, C. Putnis, C. Rodriguez-navarro, and E. Ruiz-agudo, Hydration effects on gypsum dissolution revealed by in situ nanoscale atomic force microscopy observations, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, vol.179, pp.110-122, 2016.
C. Fan and H. Teng, Surface behavior of gypsum during dissolution, Chem. Geol, p.242, 2007.
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J. Clark, J. Ihli, A. Schenk, Y. Kim, A. Kulak et al., Meldrum, F.; Robinson, I. Three-dimensional imaging of dislocation propagation during crystal growth and dissolution, Nature Mater, vol.14, pp.780-784, 2015.
H. H. Teng, P. M. Dove, and J. J. De-yoreo, Kinetics of calcite growth : Surface processes and relationships to macroscopic rate laws, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, vol.64, pp.2255-2266, 2000.
P. M. Dove and M. F. Hochella, Calcite precipitation mechanisms and inhibition by orthophosphate: In situ observations by Scanning Force Microscopy. Geochim. Cosmochim, Acta, vol.57, pp.705-714, 1993.
H. H. Teng, P. M. Dove, C. A. Orme, and J. J. De-yoreo, Thermodynamics of calcite growth: Baseline for understanding biomineral formation, Science, vol.282, pp.724-727, 1998.
A. Stack and M. Grantham, Growth Rate of Calcite Steps As a Function of Aqueous Calcium-to-Carbonate Ratio: Independent Attachment and Detachment of Calcium and Carbonate Ions, Crystal Growth Des, vol.10, pp.1409-1413, 2010.
M. Hong and H. H. Teng, Implications of solution chemistry effects: Direction-specific restraints on the step kinetics of calcite growth, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, vol.141, pp.228-239, 2014.
K. K. Sand, D. J. Tobler, S. Dobberschütz, K. K. Larsen, E. Makovicky et al., Calcite Growth Kinetics: Dependence on Saturation Index, Ca 2+ :CO 2? 3 Activity Ratio, and Surface Atomic Structure, Crystal Growth Des, vol.16, pp.3602-3612, 2016.
J. Chung, I. Granja, M. Taylor, G. Mpourmpakis, J. Asplin et al., Molecular modifiers reveal a mechanism of pathological crystal growth inhibition, Nature, vol.536, pp.446-450, 2016.
E. Pachon-rodriguez, A. Piednoir, and J. Colombani, Pressure solution at the molecular scale, Phys. Rev. Lett, p.146102, 2011.
J. D. Yoreo, L. Zepeda-ruiz, R. Friddle, S. Qiu, L. E. Wasylenki et al.,
S. Stipp, C. Eggleston, and B. Nielsen, Calcite surface structure observed at microtopographic and molecular scales with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Geochim. Cosmochim, Acta, vol.58, pp.3023-3033, 1994.
M. Schaebitz, R. Wirth, C. Janssen, and G. Dresen, First evidence of CaCO 3 -III and CaCO 3 -IIIb high-pressure polymorphs of calcite: Authigenically formed in near surface sediments, Am. Mineral, vol.100, p.1230, 2015.
N. Park, M. Kim, S. Langford, and J. Dickinson, Atomic layer wear of single-crystal calcite in aqueous solution scanning force microscopy, J. Applied Phys, vol.80, p.2680, 1996.
S. Elhadj, J. J. De-yoreo, J. R. Hoyer, and P. M. Dove, Role of molecular charge and hydrophilicity in regulating the kinetics of crystal growth, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, vol.103, pp.19237-19242, 2006.
A. Côté, R. Darkins, and D. Dufy, Deformation twinning and the role of amino acids and magnesium in calcite hardness from molecular simulation, PCCP, vol.17, pp.20178-20184, 2015.


Question #2: How do you provide the majority of your service? Direct (one on one or in a group) or indirect (consultation with teachers, staff and parents)?
Commentary: I found these results very interesting. Although this is by no means a research survey is does give some clues about school based practice. There is not an extensive amount of research on direct versus indirect school based therapy but what is available seems to indicate that both methods of delivery are acceptable. Dreiling and Bundy (2003) compared preschoolers who received occupational therapy via a direct method or a consultative method. Both groups made progress and either delivery method was effective. Palisano (1989) compared students with learning disabilities who received direct or consult OT and PT. Again, each method of delivery was equally effective with the consult group making greater gains on the Bruininks.
When caseloads get tight or students are on waiting lists perhaps therapists could evaluate whether a consultative model would be suitable for some students.
Dreiling DS, Bundy AC. (2003). Comparison of Consultative Model and direct-indirect intervention with preschoolers. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Sep-Oct; 57(5): 566-9.
Palisano, RJ (1989). Comparison of two methods of service delivery for students with learning disabilities. Physical and occupational Therapy in Pediatrics. 9(3): 79-100.
Response from Chris on 3/23/07: If you read Giangreco's research on related services provided in the school district, as well as what IDEA dictates, "best practice" is providing educationally relevant PT services in the least restrictive environment possible (implying not a pull out)…supporting the IEP goals that are written in a discipline free format and offering an integrated type of PT service: collaborative, ranging from consult to monitoring to direct services if needed. This is how I try to practice in a school district, grades K-12, although I admit to it not always being easy….and is seemingly threatening to other therapists who choose not to practice in this manner. Also latest research…shows "more" services is not better. Interesting survey results.


Madison County School System has revised the master calendar to include a special graduation schedule for May 21 and 22. Elementary students will dismiss at 12:30 pm on these days. After-School Care will be available from 12:30-5:30 pm. For students who are not currently enrolled in the program, drop-ins are accepted for a fee of $25 per day. Please email lalexander@mcssk12.org to reserve a spot.


text:
The Third Man and Fallen Idol
by: Graham Greene (author)
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY IAN THOMPSON. The Third Man is Graham Greene's brilliant recreation of post-war Vienna, a 'smashed dreary city' occupied by the four Allied powers. Rollo Martins, a second-rate novelist, arrives penniless to visit his friend and hero, Harry Lime. But Harry has died in... show more
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY IAN THOMPSON. The Third Man is Graham Greene's brilliant recreation of post-war Vienna, a 'smashed dreary city' occupied by the four Allied powers. Rollo Martins, a second-rate novelist, arrives penniless to visit his friend and hero, Harry Lime. But Harry has died in suspicious circumstances, and the police are closing in on his associates...The Fallen Idol is the chilling story of a small boy caught up in the games that adults play. Left in the care of the butler and his wife whilst his parents go on a fortnight's holiday, Philip realises too late the danger of lies and deceit. But the truth is even deadlier.
Publish date: November 1st 2001
Publisher: Vintage Classics
Classics, Literature, Mystery, Spy Thriller, Espionage, Thriller, Crime, Modern Classics, Short Stories
so many books, so little time rated it 5 years ago
http://cynesthesia.booklikes.com so many books, so little time 4.0 The Third Man & The Fallen Idol (Penguin Twentieth-Century Classics)
text The Third Man & The Fallen Idol (Penguin Twentieth-Century Classics)
Yes, the novella was written specifically as a preliminary for the screenplay and even Greene notes that the movie is better. But even sketchily written Greene can be damn good and it is here.Apart from the themes of the ruin of illusions and loyalty in post-war Vienna, the subplot involving the con...
BrokenTune rated it 5 years ago
http://BrokenTune.booklikes.com BrokenTune 3.5 The Third Man
text The Third Man
I have tried to watch The Third Man more times than I care to remember. Tried and failed. I know it is considered a classic but the only effect it ever had on me was to put me to sleep. As part of my self-imposed Greene-land challenge, this is one of the two books that I have looked forward to lea...
meganbaxter rated it 6 years ago
http://meganbaxter.booklikes.com meganbaxter 4.0
This is a slim little book, but the two stories in it pack quite a wallop. One, is, of course, the more famous, the basis for The Third Man movie. The other was also made into a movie, but is not as well known. Interestingly, according to the foreword, The Third Man started life as a movie project, ...
The Library of Babel rated it 8 years ago
http://lorenzoberardi.booklikes.com The Library of Babel 3.0
There seems to be a whole business about "The Third Man" which is still going on in Vienna long after the release of Carol Reed's movie based on a script by Graham Greene. A very peculiar sort of script: this novella.If you walk around the majestic Viennese Ring or through the polished, Charlotte Ru...
Books by Graham Greene
http://booklikes.com/the-third-man-and-fallen-idol-graham-greene/book,59949

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text:
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ORLANDO'S MARY ANN ETZLER TO RECEIVE 2020 TOBIAS SIMON PRO BONO SERVICE AWARD
CONTACT: Francine Walker, [email protected]
Attorney Mary Ann Etzler (photo) of Orlando, a champion of pro bono legal aid for decades, is the recipient of the 2020 Tobias Simon Pro Bono Service Award, the highest statewide pro bono award. The award will be presented by Chief Justice Charles T. Canady in a Jan. 30 ceremony at the Supreme Court of Florida.
Etzler, shareholder/owner of Etzler Law, P.A., in Orlando had been a law enforcement officer for 15 years before becoming an attorney in 1995. She has a unique perspective and a real world understanding of the importance of helping those in need through pro bono work.
Since 1995, Etzler has provided 1,232 hours of pro bono service to the clients of the Legal Aid Society of the Orange County Bar Association. This total excludes the hours Etzler provided training staff and volunteers, communicating with the courts and judiciary to improve the pro bono representation process, and providing consultations to fellow volunteer attorney Guardian ad Litems on conflict cases.
Throughout her decades of pro bono service, Etzler has been recognized consistently. In 2019, she won the Jake Stone Award from the Legal Aid Society for lifetime pro bono service. Prior to that, Etzler was Outstanding Alumnus of the Year 2010, from Cumberland School of Law; Leader in the Law 2010, Florida Association for Women Lawyers; recipient of Pro Bono Awards/recognition from the Florida Supreme Court for service as a Guardian ad Litem every year from 2006 to 2018; and winner of the Orange County Legal Aid Award for Pro Bono work in 2012.
Since joining the Orange County Bar Association in 1995, Etzler has taken on what can only be described as "an overwhelmingly voluminous" amount of pro bono work on behalf of her community's children and families.
Etzler has served a total of 49 child victims of abuse, abandonment and neglect in dependency, family, criminal and delinquency courts as a volunteer attorney Guardian ad Litem.
Her skills, compassion and dedication have made Etzler the first choice in Guardian ad Litem cases where there has been sexual abuse and parental murder, as well as complex cases deemed conflicts for the staff of the Legal Aid Society of the Orange County Bar Association.
Etzler's pro bono contributions are so engrained in the community that not only do judges ask for her to serve as a volunteer attorney GAL by name, but for nearly two decades, hundreds of Orange County children have benefited from her influence in their lives. Etzler also provides thousands of dollars in year-round gifts to Orange County's indigent clients because she understands their needs extend beyond the legal realm.
Etzler steps forward to handle cases of child abuse that no one should have to experience. One case, in particular, has been described as "the most egregious physical abuse case in Orange County history." Yet Etzler was right there offering help. She is literally a lifesaver.
The Tobias Simon Pro Bono Service Award commemorates Miami lawyer Tobias Simon, who was a tireless civil rights attorney, a crusader for prison reform and an appellate authority. The award is intended to encourage and recognize extraordinary contributions by Florida lawyers in making legal services available to people who otherwise could not afford them, and to focus public awareness on the substantial voluntary services rendered by Florida lawyers.
This year's awards ceremony, which also honors individual, Distinguished Judicial Service, Distinguished Federal Judicial Service, Law Firm Commendation, Voluntary Bar Association and Young Lawyer Division pro bono efforts, is scheduled for Thursday, Jan. 30, at 3:30 p.m. at the Supreme Court of Florida. The ceremony will be streamed live at http://wfsu.org/gavel2gavel as well as on Facebook at www.facebook.com/floridasupremecourt. and The Florida Channel.
About The Florida Bar
Founded in 1949, The Florida Bar serves the legal profession for the protection and benefit of both the public and all Florida lawyers. As one of the nation's largest mandatory bars, The Florida Bar fosters and upholds a high standard of integrity and competence within Florida's legal profession as an official arm of the Florida Supreme Court. To learn more, visit FloridaBar.org.
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7th Pay Commission: who is going to benefit from pay hike!
7th Pay Commission: Guess who else is going to benefit from central govt employees' pay hike!
It is not just Central government employees eagerly anticipating implementation of the 7th pay commission and take home higher monthly pay package.
Your next-door real estate agent, car dealer and consumer durables seller are also seen gaining from the pay commission hike. According to reports, almost 3.4 crore individuals (employees and pensioners) will witness increase in their incomes, resulting in a multiplier effect on a couple of professions.
As a result of the foreseen demand, the Reserve Bank of India expects sharp, quick and continuous spurt in the housing index.
Car dealer: With implementation of the 7th CPC, your next door car or two wheeler dealer may rejoice too. The industry expects double digit increase in automobile sales especially two-wheeler, the mini and the compact hatch back segment.


text:
Bond Ladys Corner » NEWS FROM IRAQ » Iraq General News, Economy & Oil News » The upper threshold: 6 sites to accommodate more than 50 000 visitors and 100 others feed during Arbain
The upper threshold: 6 sites to accommodate more than 50 000 visitors and 100 others feed during Arbain
1 The upper threshold: 6 sites to accommodate more than 50 000 visitors and 100 others feed during Arbain Sat Nov 21, 2015 2:34 am
{Najaf: Euphrates News} created the upper threshold of the Holy more than 6 sites to accommodate more than 50 000 visitors and feed more than 100 others during the visit, reviving Arbain ceremony to commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him.
He quoted Secretary-General of the upper threshold of the Holy Mr. Nizar Hashim rope strong say in a meeting room of the Holy threshold processes for the implementation of the program to provide services valued for visitors coming to Najaf before heading to the holy city of Karbala that "concerted efforts and available resources to the various holy threshold sections and its members and volunteers to provide all Services valued for visitors coming to perform the ceremony Visit the forty from zero.
"On the nature of the meeting and a program to provide services for visitors, Mr. Nizar Hashim rope said that" the upper threshold of the Holy formed an operations room of employees Sections officials with the distinguished and its Board of Directors for the creation of all the facilities to serve visitors to the Ahl al-Bayt {p}
"." The "planning to carry visitors service program operations began preparing for it two months ago, and we communicate in preparations since then to this day for 24 hours straight."
He continued, "The services offered by the sacred threshold includes two axes two grounds, first It is to cooperate with the Hawza supreme religious authority in Najaf, and to all the cadres of the Hawza in inside and outside Iraq to spread on the road to visitors starting from Basra, and even the far north of Iraq, and all take its role in reporting and awareness and the statement of the legitimate issues and all Ka-needed visitor in this side of the issues moral, intellectual and establish prayer and solace Husseini during the visit ".
The" second axis do and diligence to provide the maximum possible in the provision of services to the visitor and here was the threshold plan this year to focus efforts on the city of the faithful and around, starting from the city center {Mjsrat revolted} to Holi road area.
"" We are in this year have surrounded the city Khaddmaa, in the form of boxes in all the northern, eastern, southern and western trends through the creation of six sites to house and service, nearly more than 50 thousand and processing 100 thousand a daily food offering to visitors in this places, in addition to all that is needed to safe drinking water and sanitation services.
"He explained," for example, towards the city center has been creating almost site for Astaaab and accommodate 15 thousand, subsidized health services and drinking food and water for meals three, and there is another site is b {garage multi-story} , was the completion of the rehabilitation to accommodate more than 5 thousands to spend the night with catering and female health and safe drinking water, as well as in Holi Road area which is one of the important roads used by visitors we format the site to accommodate the more than 10 thousand visitors Kmbet for women and men with health services and feeding, as we have creating another site at the entrance that leads the old city of the Haram al-Sharif in the south {Garage Association}, we have formatted to accommodate more than five thousand as a place with a feeding and health services.
"Mr. He noted the strong rope that all shelters and service backed by medical and health where detachments medical and health cadres and specialized centers long-term contacts to guide visitors through these drifters ".anthy


text:
End gender-based violence in politics: UN Women
07 Dec, 2021 - 00:12 2021-12-07T00:57:22+00:00 2021-12-07T00:02:50+00:00 0 Views
Ms Delphine Serumaga
Fidelis Munyoro
The United Nations has rallied the nation to stamp out widespread violence against women in politics (VAWP) across the country's political divide during election period.
Violence against women in politics occurs within the political domain targeting women, creating a barrier to women's political participation.
The act is common world over and Zimbabwe is not spared from the scourge.
UN Women Country Representative, Ms Delphine Serumaga, said violnce against women was a major barrier to women's political participation, which has hindered the realisation of gender equality and women's empowerment. She made the remarks last week during a discussion on violence against women in politics convened by the African Women Leaders Network Youth Caucus, with support from UN Women as part of commemorating 16 days of activisms on gender based violence (GBV).
The discussion was centred on highlighting the plight of women and sought to identify key strategies for preventing and responding to violence against women in politics within the invited stakeholders' mandates.
"Together, we must stand up against VAWP through different strategies and responses so that we enhance women's political participation," said Ms Serumaga.
"We know that women's participation in politics makes a difference. Women bring different views, talents and perspectives in politics which help shape the political and democratic agenda. The positive impact of the presence of women in parliaments, such as prioritisation of issues and policies, gender sensitivity in all aspects of governing, including budgeting, and the introduction of new legislation and changes to existing laws cannot be over emphasised.
"We must therefore collectively fight for women's effective representations in politics and decision making positions."
The post-2018 election gender survey conducted by the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission highlights that women desisted from contesting in elections even though they were keen, because of the violence and intimidation which they were likely to face from their male counterpats and senior party members.
Ms Serumaga said the UN Women would continue to provide technical support and mobilise resources for the women in politics cause.
The African Women Leaders Network Zimbabwe Chapter said it was committed to meaningfully participate in the implementation of various programs and initiatives to end violence against women in politics, to be undertaken by the Government and stakeholders concerned in the matter.
"We recognise that VAWP is the manifestation of a profound lack of respect — a failure by all to recognise the inherent equality and dignity of women and that it is a violation of their fundamental human rights and reinforcing women's intergenerational exclusion from the political sphere," said Ms Chioniso Michelle Murinda, the caucus steering committee member.
"We acknowledge the adverse effects VAWP has on the country's socio-political fabric, recognising the profound psychological and physical trauma violence has on women in politics, their families and on communities.
"Concerned by the impact VAWP has on the national economic growth and the quality of life for all, we therefore commit to growing awareness of VAWP, produce a set of recommendations and best practices to tackle this problem, addressing crucial systemic gaps, offering practical and innovative solutions in order to uphold the democratic principle of women political participation in Zimbabwe."
Ms Murinda said as work progresses, the African Women Leaders Network would have stakeholders signing a pledge and committing to combating violence against women in politics.
"We developed the individual pledge because we were cognisant of the fact that participants might not have the mandate or capacity to make decisions on behalf of their institutions, but would need to present the AWLN pledge to their institutions then revert with the commitment to partner, collaborate with AWLN in ending VAWP; and sign the pledge," she said.
The short individual pledge read: "As an individual, I reiterate my commitment to ending violence against women in an endeavor to not only fighting VAWP, but addressing the roots it emanates from."
The participants to the round-table on violence against women in politics were drawn fro various political parties and other stakeholders among them the Zimbabwe Gender Commission, Zimbabwe Laywers for Human Rights, Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission, Zimbabwe Electoral Commission and Zimbabwe Republic Police, among others.


Catch the 1980's rock band as they play all their hits. Tachi Palace, 17225 Jersey Ave., Lemoore, 559-924-7751, www.tachipalace.com, $30-$75. 7:30 p.m.
Set in Truvy's beauty salon in Louisiana, the play runs through Saturday. Selma Arts Center, 1935 High St., Selma, 559-891-2238, www.selmaartscenter.com, $15. 7 p.m.
The progressive metal band hails from Chicago. Strummer's, 833 E. Fern Ave., Fresno, 559-485-5356, www.strummersclub.com, $15. 7 p.m.
Fresno Underground Art will also showcase video game inspired art work. Tioga Sequoia Brewing Co., 745 Fulton St., Fresno, www.facebook.com/events/457140167743988. 5 p.m.


text:
Q: Adding a Dropdown menu to the NavBar in an ASP.Net Core Web App (bootstrap) In Visual Studio, I create a new ASP.Net Core Web App
then I add a dropdown menu (as per Bootstrap documentation)
https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.1/components/navbar/
the header porton of the html code looks like this:

            WebApplication1
            <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent"
                    aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">

            </button>

                        Home

                        Privacy

                        Dropdown

Action

Another action

Something else here

but the dropdown doesn't work. When I click it, no dropdown appears:
https://i.stack.imgur.com/szrE4.png

A: Be sure your Bootstrap version is v5.1, you can add the following css and js file to your project _Layout.cshtml:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha512-6KY5s6UI5J7SVYuZB4S/CZMyPylqyyNZco376NM2Z8Sb8OxEdp02e1jkKk/wZxIEmjQ6DRCEBhni+gpr9c4tvA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />

For Bootstrap v4.x, you need change your code to:

            Dropdown

            Action
            Another action

            Something else here

A: In Bootstrap 5.1, for dropdown,
✅ data-bs-toggle="dropdown"
❌data-toggle="dropdown"
In Bootstrap 4.0, for dropdown,
✅ data-toggle="dropdown"
❌data-bs-toggle="dropdown"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Below is a PDF file list of some of the articles and publications on our website. The articles are listed in alphabetical order by title, with a short excerpt below each title link. Note that any images or ads that are present in the online article have been removed for the PDF document files. Note that all articles are copyrighted, with all rights reserved.


Elaine Kirchgatter knew she had a short time to live when she agreed to an interview with the Observer last September. She seemed in good spirits. She even laughed.
"I'm thankful for every day that I have," she said. "I'm thankful for my wonderful family and friends."
Mrs. Kirchgatter, a former Canton treasurer and Plymouth-Canton school board member who had moved to Carmel, Ind., over a year ago to be closer to grandchildren Brady and Elle, died Thursday morning after an aggressive form of cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, spread. She was 74.
Joy Fischer, one of Mrs. Kirchgatter's three daughters, said her mother should be remembered for her dedication to her community, local schools, arts organizations, friends and family.
"She loved the community that we grew up in and she felt strongly about wanting to have good schools for children," Fischer said. "She was really involved with her grandchildren. It was really important for my kids to see and learn from her about being a good person, doing well in school and giving back to the community."
Township Supervisor Phil LaJoy said Friday that flags at township buildings would be lowered to half-mast for the weekend in honor of Kirchgatter.
Joan Noricks, former Canton Community Foundation president, became friends with Mrs. Kirchgatter in the mid-1980s when their children were involved in the now-defunct Plymouth Youth Symphony. Both had a passion for education and the arts.
"Probably the most remarkable thing I remember about Elaine is her commitment to family, community and making the world a better place," Noricks said Thursday morning. "She was fiercely loyal to those who knew her and loved her."
Mrs. Kirchgatter lived longer than she expected before her death in the care of hospice. She said during a telephone interview in September that doctors had told her just one month earlier that she may only have weeks to live, yet she faced her situation with courage.
Mrs. Kirchgatter served as Canton treasurer for 16 years until 2008, when she decided not to seek re-election. She also had served as a township board trustee and, along with friends such as Flossie Tonda and Carol Davis, as a Plymouth-Canton school board member.
Davis has commended Mrs. Kirchgatter for "doing what was right for the community" and, on a personal level, said she had "a marvelous sense of humor."
Mrs. Kirchgatter grew up near Rochester, N.Y., where her father served on the school board and her mother was a community volunteer. She learned early in life to give back and said she was taught to make the world "a little better place than we found it."
Mrs. Kirchgatter's late husband, Richard, also was well known in the Canton area, where he was involved in the Canton Planning Commission, the Plymouth Rotary Club and the Canton Chamber of Commerce. He was a farming enthusiast and veterinary clinic owner who died of cancer in 2003.
During the interview, Mrs. Kirchgatter said she considered herself a moderate Republican, though she said she had become disillusioned with divisive politics.
She and her husband moved to Canton in the 1960s and raised daughters June, Jill and Joy. Mrs. Kirchgatter became involved in 4-H, the Plymouth Community Arts Council and St. John's Episcopal Church, among other organizations.
Mrs. Kirchgatter remained in Canton to be near her own mother until her death. Then, she moved closer to daughter Fischer and grandchildren.
Mrs. Kirchgatter was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia after she developed shortness of breath. She received treatment including blood transfusions, but she said in September that she didn't have long to live. Yet she was brave, saying she had her faith, family and friends.
"I haven't really shed a lot of tears over this whole thing," she said.
A memorial service for Mrs. Kirchgatter will be announced later. Fischer said it will be held at St. John's Episcopal Church in Plymouth, where the family used to attend services. Mrs. Kirchgatter will be cremated with her ashes interred alongside her husband's.


Include Sold? Bounds Green only?
Include Let? Bounds Green only?
Gardeners delight!! A well-presented 1930's built four bedroom end of terraced house located in a peaceful cul-de-sac in Bounds Green. Accommodation comprises of a living room, 19 x 13ft rnodern fitted kitchen/dining room with double doors leading to the garden, two double and two single bedrooms, fully tiled bathroom with separate WC, double glazing, gas central heating and with a 110ft east facing garden. This property is located in the catchment area for Alexandra Park Secondary and local Primary Schools, 0.6 of a mile to Bounds Green Tube and also Bowes Park and New Southgate British Rail Stations. A family house with potential to extend subject to planning consent. Offered for sale on a chain free basis. Viewings highly recommended.
An attractive three bedroom family house located in a popular road close to Bounds Green Tube Station and its local amenities. The property has been very well maintained but is in need of some updating. Accommodation comprises of two spacious living rooms, galley kitchen, first floor bathroom with separate WC, gas central heating, some double glazing and a well-stocked 80FT south facing garden. Chain free sale.
Original features throughout! Situated in one of Bounds Green's premier roads is this semi detached house in need of modernisation throughout. Accommodation comprises of two reception rooms, fitted kitchen, three bedrooms, first floor bathroom with separate WC, ground floor WC and gas central heating. This property has the additional benefit of a garage to the side with off street parking for two cars and a good sized rear garden. Located within a short walk of Bounds Green Tube and Bowes Park British Rail Stations. Sole agent.
A fantastic opportunity to purchase a semi-detached family house on the appealing Ashridge Gardens in Palmers Green. The property benefits (1041.2 SQFT - 96.7 SQ metres ) of living space, two spacious reception rooms, a fully fitted modern kitchen, three bedrooms, a 4-piece bathroom suite with a large shower cubicle and separate spa bath tub. Further benefits are off street parking, a garage to the rear and a south facing 50FT garden. The property is within the Broomfield school catchment, Arnos Park & Broomfield Park is only a short walk. Arnos Grove Tube Station is 0.5 miles away, Palmers Green High Street and Overground station is 1.5 miles away. viewings highly recommended. Chain Free.
An Edwardian terraced house with some original features having been modernsied and maintained to a high standard throughout by the current vendors in our opinion. Accommodation comprises of Three double bedrooms including a 16x 14ft master, 25ft through lounge, fully fitted kitchen/diner with access to the garden, utility room with WC , modern first floor bathroom, double glazing, gas central heating, boarded loft room with pull down ladder and a well kept rear garden. Conveniently located to Bowes Primary School and with a short walk of Bounds Green Tube and Bowes Park British Rail Stations. Sole agent.
A beautiful and well-presented four-bedroom end of terraced house. Recently redecorated throughout and featuring ( 1353 SQFT – 125.7 SQ metres ) of living space, a spacious front lounge, open-plan 2nd reception / kitchen diner with patio doors to a 40FT garden, a new first floor bathroom, new carpet in the bedrooms, loft extension offering a large double bedroom with En-suite shower room, double glazed & gas central heating throughout. Located on a popular and quiet residential road with Bounds Green tube Station and local amenities only 0.5 miles walk away. Offered chain free. Viewings are highly recommended and will begin on Jan 2nd 2019.
Ellis and Co are delighted to offer for sale this mid terraced Victorian family house layed out over three levels and covering 104 square meters. This property has been lovingly maintained and extended by the current vendors; Accommodation comprises of a through lounge with fireplace and wood floors leading to a modern fitted kitchen, three bedrooms and a bathroom on the first floor, a 17ft master bedroom with own private shower room in the converted loft area. Other features include double glazing, gas central heating and a well kept rear garden with a patio leading to the lawn. Located in the catchment area for the ever popular Bowes Primary School and half a mile from both Bounds Green Tube and Bowes Park British Rail Station. Early viewing advised. Sole agent.
An end of terraced three bedroom period house retaining original features! Accommodation comprises of two reception rooms, galley kitchen, two doubles and one single bedroom, first floor bathroom, double glazing, gas central heating and a well stocked rear garden. Located half a mile from Bounds Green Tube and Bowes Park British Rail Stations. Sole Agent.
IN NEED OF MODERNISATION THROUGHOUT!! A spacious four bedroom Edwardian house covering 1411.1 SQ FT (131.1 SQ meters) of living space. Accommodation comprises of three reception rooms, three double bedrooms and a good sized single. Located within walking distance to Bounds Green Tube and Bowes Park British Rail Stations. Chain free sale. Early viewings advised.
Charming Victorian Cottage in the heart of Bounds Green! A mid terraced house having been lovingly cared for by the current vendor with a 23ft through lounge, fitted 12ft kitchen, two good sized bedrooms, first floor bathroom, sash windows, gas central heating and well kept south facing garden. Located within a short walk of Bounds Green Tube, Bowes Park British Rail and all local amenities. Cul de sac location. Sole agent.
A mid terraced Victorian terraced house in need of modernisation throughout. Accommodation comprises of a through lounge with bay window, 13ft galley kitchen with extended utility area and WC, three bedrooms including a 14 x 11ft master, first floor bathroom, double glazing, gas central heating and with a paved rear garden. Located 0.3 of a mile from Bounds Green Tube and Bowes Park British Rail Stations. Chain free sale. Sole agent.
A three bedroom mid-terraced house in need of modernisation throughout. The property benefits 1119 SQFT of living space, 26FT through lounge, galley kitchen, off street parking, two double bedrooms & one box room. Ideally located for great transport links via Bounds Green Underground station and local amenities.
APPROVED HELP TO BUY SCHEME AVAILABLE!! A choice of four newly developed two bedroom - two bathroom apartments. All the flats that we have available are to the same standard. Accommodation comprises of: * Underfloor heating throughout *Open plan kitchen/living area * En-suite bathroom to the master bedroom * Full fitted kitchen with an integral fridge, freezer and dishwasher. * Balconies to the front and rear of the property * High ceilings with spot lights throughout * Double glazing throughout * Leasehold with a brand new lease of 150 years * Entry phone system and communal lift access for all apartments. * Chain free The development is located opposite Bounds Green Tube Station & less than a few minutes walk to Bowes Park overground. Early viewing highly recommended.
THREE DOUBLE BEDROOMS AND TWO BATHROOMS!! A modern Townhouse built in 1998 by Fairview offered for sale on a chain free basis. Accommodation comprises of a Living room, kitchen/diner, three bedrooms, two bathrooms, wooden double glazing, gas central heating, lawned rear garden, integral garage, and of street parking. Sole agent.
A THREE BEDROOM HOUSE IN NEED OF MODERNISATION THROUGHOUT!! A three-bedroom Victorian terraced house situated in a popular location close to Bounds Green Tube and Bowes Park British Rail Stations. Accommodation comprises of (712.4 SQFT - 66.2 SQ metres ) of living space, two receptions, fitted kitchen, two double bedrooms and one single, ground floor shower room, gas central heating, double glazing and a north facing paved rear garden. Chain free sale. Sole agents.
IN NEED OF MODERNISATION THROUGHOUT! A great opportunity to purchase this 3 bedroom terraced house covering 846 Square feet - (78.6 Square meters) of living space. This property is freehold and has a 35ft rear garden. Located in a cul de sac close to Bounds Green Tube and Bowes Park British Rail Stations. Chain free sale. Sole Agent.
Ellis & Co are pleased to offer this beautiful two bedroom cottage for sale. Accommodation comprises of two reception rooms, two double bedrooms, modern fitted kitchen with integrated appliances, dining room with under stair storage. The property is double glazed with gas central heating and has its own private driveway. Located within 0.6 miles to Bounds Green Tube Station & Bowes Park British Railway Stations. Early viewing advised. Sole agent. Chain free sale.
A three bedroom townhouse layed out over three floors covering 1066 square feet in need of modernisation throughout. Accommodation comprises of a 14x10ft living room, 14ft Kitchen/diner, three bedrooms, first floor bathroom and ground floor wc, double glazing and gas central heating, fully paved courtyard to the rear, integrated garage and of street parking for a small car. Located in between Arnos Grove Tube and New Southgate British Rail Stations. Chain free sale. Sole agent.
An immaculate end of terrace ground floor converted one bedroom flat with its own private garden. This beautiful flat offers (52.5 SQ metres 564 SQFT) of fantastic living space. The property benefits with Share of the freehold, a bright and spacious reception room with large bay windows offering fantastic natural light, gas central heating throughout, a large double bedroom, a lovely kitchen/diner with direct access to the garden via the Utility room, and a new bathroom suite. Wood Green Tube Station and shopping centre is only 0.6 of a mile in walking distance. The sought-after Myddleton Road local amenities is 0.4 of a mile away with Bowes Park over-ground Station at the end of the road. Ideal for a first-time buyer or a couple. Viewings highly recommended.
EXTENDED 178 YEAR LEASE! A modern first floor apartment built in 2008 offered for sale in good condition throughout in our opinion. Accommodation comprises of an 18ft living room with Juliet balcony and arch leading to a modern kitchen, two good sized bedrooms with an ensuite shower to the master, modern bathroom, double glazing and storage heating. This property has the added benefit of an extended 178 year lease, being serviced by a lift and secure underground parking. Chain free sale. Sole agent.


text:
A Hostile Takeover of our Country Treasonous, Noxious, Thieving, Tyrannical
by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., for EcoWatch
from the foreword to Billionaires & Ballot Bandits
American democracy is under assault.
In one super-PAC alone, Karl Rove and the Enron grifter Ed Gillespie, have assembled $200 million from big polluters and Wall Street moguls to buy the 2012 election.
Two of the Koch Brothers, Charles and David, pledged $130 million to elect candidates who favor unrestrained corporate profiteering.
The senators and congressmen they fund and elect are not representing the United States-they are representing Koch and its oil industry cronies, Big Pharma, and the Wall Street banksters currently mounting a hostile takeover of our government.
I have no problem characterizing these corporate-centric super-PACs as treasonous. We are now in a free fall toward old-fashioned oligarchy; noxious, thieving and tyrannical.
The most corporate-friendly Supreme Court since the Gilded Age had declared in its notorious Citizens United decision that corporations are people and that money is speech. Those who have the most money now have the loudest voices in our democracy while poor Americans are mute.
And the money is talking; in 97 percent of federal elections over the past two decades, the best-funded candidates were victorious.
America, the world's proud template for democracy and a robust middle class, is now listing toward oligarchy and corporate kleptocracy.
America today is looking more and more like a colonial economy, with a system increasingly tilted toward enriching the wealthy 1 percent and serving the mercantile needs of multinational corporations with little allegiance to our country.
These radical forces already dominate the national press, with Fox News and talk radio snugly in the pocket of the corporate Right.
This is the first time in American history that corporate and media interests have been so clearly and so perilously aligned.
With the media in their hands, and unlimited money, the final strategy of Rove, Koch, the Chamber of Commerce, and others of that ilk is to permanently cripple representative democracy by stopping Americans from voting.
A boatload of new Jim Crow laws target Democrats by erecting impediments that deter poor and minority communities, senior citizens, and students from exercising their franchise.
Voter suppression is a crime.
In Billionaires & Ballot Bandits, Greg Palast details each of these devious scams for disenfranchising vulnerable voters … but also, crucially, Palast here follows the money that powers the machinery of democracy's destruction.
This is not a partisan issue. Clearly the GOP agenda is to suppress votes, as Karl Rove has repeatedly and unashamedly signaled. But Billionaires & Ballot Bandits exposes the vote-count blindness, biases, venality, and ballot gaming by Democrats as well. I don't believe there are Republican children or Democratic children.
Every American citizen ought to have the right to vote and everybody ought to have the right to clean air and clean water, to integrity and transparency in the marketplace, and to a functioning democracy.
Palast is the last of the great, old-fashioned muckraking investigative reporters. He's an "outlier," unafraid of corporate tyrants. Together, we have been investigating and exposing voter suppression for years. In 2008, we co-wrote a story for Rolling Stone warning of the ugly future of a new Jim Crow operation.
Now, it's here.
Voter suppression is real. And it's happening to YOU. But there is something that you can do to prevent it. That is the message of Palast's book.
Remember, this is YOUR democracy. You can do all the campaigning you want, but if your vote isn't counted, you're going to lose the presidency – and our democracy.
Read our book Billionaires & Ballot Bandits. Pass on the link www.BallotBandits.org and download the 7 Ways to Beat the Ballot Bandits. And get the word out! There's still time to steal back your vote..
Read Kennedy's entire A Hostile Takeover of our Country in Billionaires & Ballot Bandits: How to Steal and Election in 9 Easy Steps by Greg Palast. The New York Times bestseller includes a 48-page comic book insert by artist Ted Rall.
Greg Palast is the author of the New York Times bestsellers The Best Democracy Money Can Buy, Armed Madhouse and Vultures' Picnic.
Palast's brand new NYT bestseller Billionaires & Ballot Bandits: How to Steal an Election in 9 Easy Steps, is available from Barnes & Noble, Amazon or Indie Bound and on the NOOK and Kindle.
Author's proceeds from the book go to the not-for-profit Palast Investigative Fund for reporting on voter protection issues.
Donate and can get a signed copy of the book or make a contribution of any amount to support our work.
MEDIA REQUESTS: For interviews, review copies and excerpts contact us.
Tags:EcoWatchKarl RoveKoch brothersPalast Investigative FundRobert F KennedyvulturesVultures Picnic


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text:
» Life support systems
» NASA and DOE to test kilopower nuclear reactor for space applications
Pages: Previous 1 2 3 4 Next
Re: NASA and DOE to test kilopower nuclear reactor for space applications
As I've made clear before, really the PV and KP solutions have different strengths and weaknesses.
For PV to work on Mission One, we need a guaranteed energy solution from day one.
My conception for PV would be that during a 2 years mission, you need to plan for maybe a worst case scenario of 9 months' dust storm(s).
The record shows that even during the worst dust storms, substantial insolation at the surface is still available. I've never seen any proof it goes below 20% of the seasonal norm. A figure of 60% of the norm is in reality more typical of dust storms. Well to be safe, let's say it's only 40% so with a worst case scenario you have a 60% reduction across 9 months. By my calculation what you need to do is then provide PV "over capacity" of probably around 30%, so that you can make good the shortfall in the other 15 months. So do your calculation for what is required in the absence of dust storms and then add on 30%.
I would suggest with a PV solution you arrive with a methalox store of perhaps 50 tons. That would give you the margin of safety you need. On your calculation that would be over 5 months' of power. But of course with the PV based system. you aren't particularly looking to maintain a completely steady power output. You will do the work when the power is available. So, you could probably get by on a much lower amount. But of course, on the other hand, it's safety first for Mission One, so we might well want to have a large store.
There won't be an "80% fluctuation in power" with a PV based system. Chemical batteries will ensure we can maintain minimum power levels for drilling and propellant production. On a worst case scenario - arriving slap-bang in the middle of an historically bad dust storm - you may have to wait a few months before you can fully power up to begin propellant production.
kbd512
Louis,
This is just a "thinking out loud" post.
If I understand this scheme correctly, each lander would arrive with an additional 10t of propellants. Is that correct? That means we're giving up 10% of our 500t delivered tons, just for the LOX/LCH4, never mind all the hardware required to keep it liquid and use it, if necessary. We'll also have to redesign the header tanks and the structure of the Starship, but I suppose that's a trivial issue.
How much power do you figure you'll need to keep the propellant cold at night?
Unless you're landing at the poles, the LOX and LNG must remain about 100C colder than night temperatures to remain liquid. Commercial operations use insulation thick enough to limit the heat transfer rate to ~10Btu/hr/ft^2. The vacuum of the main tanks and exterior insulation should help with that, but only to a point.
Here's your source for that:
Insulation & Liquefied Natural Gas in Production and Storage - Allen Dickey - Senior Product Manager of Pipe and Equipment Insulation Systems for Pittsburgh Corning
I suggest you consult this document from Northrop-Grumman regarding the performance of their high-efficiency cryocooler, since it comes with a handy-dandy input power requirement chart to achieve a given level of heat removal (TRL9 flight rated hardware):
High Efficiency Cryocooler Performance
The mass of the cryocooler equipment is trivial, but the input power required is not. The mass of the additional insulation required certainly won't be trivial.
Are the humans and the cargo all landing at the same time, or do these things have to operate unattended for 26 months before the people show up?
I posted a paper not long ago about the energy required to liquefy natural gas. Actual LNG plants here on Earth consume about ~850kWh/kg to compress CH4 to ~70 bar and then liquefy the natural gas. That means you either need to burn ~220kg of O2/CH4 for each kg of LOX/LCH4 you put in the propellant tanks, or you'd better have one stupidly powerful solar array. That number comes from actual LNG plants, rather than fictional designs. Most of that is compression work, rather than heat removal. There will be less heat removal required on Mars, but the process will be absurdly inefficient since the only method to dump the heat will be by radiation.
You need 15,556Wh/kg of LOX or 15.556MWh/t. Starship holds 860t of LOX, so ~13.382GWh over 2 years. That means you need to supply a bare minimum of ~18.331MWh/day just to make the LOX in 2 years. That would equate to a farm of 77 10kWe KiloPower reactors running at full power, 24/7. You need to supply an additional 204GWh, or 279.452MWh/day just to compress and liquefy 240t of LCH4. You're going to end up building something akin to Topaz on Mars to supply at least ~297.783MWh/day. That's before considering the power requirements for drilling or the Sabatier reactor or keeping the propellant cold at night or losses or fluids transport. Honestly, I think that's enough. At 1kW/kg for absolutely everything, the solar array would weigh 300t to provide 300MWe of peak power output.
Have you figured out why we don't "make" LCH4 on Earth? The energy requirements to compress and liquefy it are mind blowing. We use flare off from the wells to supply the power required to liquefy it, and then burn more of the product to keep it cold while we're transporting it.
Well... Good luck with that. You'll need it.
Something thats not in the mars numbers is the cold which means 24/7 heating of critical parts of the design to keep them operational.
For the 1 meter of panels on the rover it needed 180wh of what it collected to keep from freezing.
SpaceNut,
I sincerely hope people recognize how insane this plan is. The Topaz Solar Farm in California generates ~3,500MWh per day. We need to supply at least 350MWh/day for this scheme to have any hope of working. That's 10% of the scale of Topaz, if insolation levels were the same, which they're not. That means we require solar panel acreage that would cover roughly 20% of that covered by Topaz- one of the largest solar farms on Earth. Topaz has little to none of the dust storm and radiation problems of Mars. That means 3.8 square kilometers / 940 acres of solar panels that cost upwards of $1M/kW just to fabricate. That's $350B, as in billion, dollars worth of solar panels. The entire US military's yearly budget is not quite double that figure. If the cost was reduced by an order of magnitude, it's still more than NASA's yearly budget. So we just need NASA's $20B budget, for the next 17.5 years, just to purchase the solar panels. The cheap garbage used at Topaz won't cut the mustard here. We'll assume shipment is free here, although that's equally silly.
If nobody else can see how nuts that is to achieve, on our first mission to Mars no less, then I guess they can't. Even if we had the 4MWe reactors that KiloPower was eventually intended to scale to, we'd still need 88 reactors. That's crazy talk. The notion that we'd even bother bringing Methane or batteries when we have those kinds of power requirements is the pinnacle of absurdity.
For kbd512 re #38
kbd512 wrote:
Joe Blow or Jane Blow down the street won't be getting his or her hands on a nuclear reactor loaded with HEU. Reality check, please.
I expect anti-nuclear power responses from Louis. However, in the statement quoted above, you have made an incorrect statement, as you were developing the thought stream which became the full message.
Obviously, I ** had ** just suggested there will be a market on Earth for compact nuclear reactors of this type.
Furthermore, I skimmed through the entire thread and confirmed that this suggestion has come up before.
In the State where I live, we have two large nuclear reactors which are currently unable to compete with natural gas, and the owners are trying to persuade the local legislature to give them a financial lifeline.
The Kilopower technology (and similar small scale fission designs elsewhere) have the potential to power a large number of loads in the United States and around the world.
I tossed in the concern about terrorists because it needs to be taken into account, but just as with large reactors we have in place today, security of reactors ** can ** be taken into account.
Sometime back, I pointed out that your political positions imply (to me at least) that you might have an unusually strong positive influence on the current administration, if you were inclined to exercise it. I'd like to see (while the Sun is shining, so to speak) reversal of the US position on nuclear fission reactors for space missions. That was a (to my mind) ridiculous policy decision made decades ago, possibly under the influence of industry lobbyists, but it led to the termination of promising NERVA development.
You may be in a position to reverse that policy decision, and possibly to smooth the way for small-scale fission power designs, such as the one Bill Gates was trying to fund until he ran into regulatory obstacles. However, the current administration is only guaranteed for a year and some, so if you're going to have any influence, this is a good time to make a few phone calls.
Last edited by tahanson43206 (2019-07-09 10:50:33)
Hide all of the smoke/ fire and co2 detectors as they could be harvested for like kind acts if you are that afraid of them turning into the wrong hands.
What I find interesting is the fact it was a clean sheet design, build, and test a reactor for less than $20 million...Not bad when you consider that its going to put out power for 20 plus years before starting to need a refill of fuel.
Here is how one might be used on a human rover transport
tahanson43206,
They're not handing out anything containing Highly Enriched Uranium or Plutonium to any Tom, Dick, or Harry who thinks it would be great fun to use it- at all or ever, period and end of story. There has to be a bonafide use case, properly trained personnel to use it, security controls in place to ensure the material doesn't deviate from the specified end use, etc. That's just the nature of the game with weapons grade materials.
Receiving adequate and reliable power on another planet is a bonafide use case for a highly compact fission reactor containing HEU. Furthermore, the people operating it there, out of necessity pertaining to the myriad of other potentially life-threatening if seemingly mundane tasks, must be highly trained and competent to run a power generation system, a life support system, a computerized navigation system, etc.
The controls around HEU and Pu239 are exceptionally stringent for very good reasons. It doesn't mean it's "safe" or "unsafe" to use. There's no such thing as "safe". Safety doesn't exist. Safety never existed. Safety will never exist. The only place safety can ever exist is between your ears. In the objective physical world, your own actions or the actions of others are what are potentially dangerous to you. Anything and everything can be dangerous in the hands of someone who is ignorant or evil. Those are the two most fundamental problems that have afflicted humanity since before we could ever talk to each other. All that considered, loss of life from running out of power is an unacceptably stupid way to die after we spend tens of millions of dollars training and equipping someone to live on another planet.
I would question the hell out of anyone's judgement who thinks they have some silver bullet solution to something as complicated as running an industrial scale drilling and chemical refinery on another planet. I base that judgement on the numerous problems we have with drilling operations and petroleum refining operations here on Earth. I don't even believe nuclear reactors of the sort that KiloPower represents are adequate to the task. In that light, taking a few batteries or tons of liquid hydrocarbon with you is laughably absurd.
Elon Musk hasn't even hinted at how he's providing the equivalent amount of power as that used by a small city, yet that's what this ISRU task represents. It's a bridge too far with current technology. It wouldn't matter if we had fusion reactors. If we did have fusion reactors, we wouldn't even go to the trouble of refining chemical propellants. Unfortunately, we don't have anything like that. No matter what, we're still talking about building a generating station with the power output of a half dozen of our nuclear powered super carriers on the surface of another planet. That kind of power plant gets built on the scale of years here on Earth, with the combined labor of thousands of people, no matter what technology is used.
The thought process behind the belief that some specific power generation technology is a magic totem that will solve all problems is the pinnacle of ignorance or arrogance or both. I support nuclear for the same reason I support solar, fuel cells, batteries, and combustion engines. There's a good practical use for all of those technologies, which would be why we created them. Some just work better than others for specific use cases.
Regarding influencing any decision makers, I assure you that I have no such influence. Quite frankly, neither the current administration nor any other administration in living memory has seriously pursued nuclear power or space exploration. To them, it's just another special interest group. We're still waiting and hoping for something better to come along, despite the total lack of evidence that something better will come along in our lifetimes. Our grandfathers gave us the power of the atom. It can be used to do great things or to do terrible things. What is done with that power all comes down to the desires of the person or people wielding the power.
For kbd512 #57 ....
After thinking about your reply for a while, I've decided you're right in your pre-judgement of human nature.
That said, I'm guessing even you will concede that nuclear armed nations have a VERY LARGE NUMBER of citizens certified and trained to build, ship, install, operate and maintain nuclear reactors and nuclear devices of all sizes, from the smallest nuclear powered submarine to the largest on-shore reactor.
While my vision was (and still is) of a nuclear power package that a citizen can purchase or lease (at some point), I concede that for the foreseeable future, nuclear power devices for civilian power supply will be controlled as they are now on naval vessels (of all nuclear nations) and at on-shore power stations.
This concession (on my part) leads to the question ... what is the sweet spot in trades of security expense vs power delivered to customers in competition with natural gas, solar and wind and other energy sources that exist or may come along? There will be a minimum customer base (such as a large factory) that will match some minimum power supply (with security) capability.
Cities in the high latitudes would be candidates for low power nuclear fission systems before others, because of the costs they incur for non-nuclear supply.
I assume that at minimum, a 24 hour security team would be put in place. However, the team members might very well be highly qualified technical personnel, but again, the qualifications of team members would arise from cost-benefit analysis. With the reactors we are discussing here, there would not be a lot of technical work required on a day-to-day basis, but there would be a need for ability to handle emergencies of various kinds that might arise.
Can you imagine yourself hired as manager of one of these facilities? If so, how would you structure the enterprise to provide security while earning the shareholders a fair return?
So you're saying it takes the equivalent of two Tesla sports cars running at near full power for a whole hour (ie running at a combined 850 Kws for an hour) to compress one Kg of methane? Nope, I don't believe that. There must be something wrong with that figure - and presumably that puts out all your other calculations...Was it 850 WHs rather than 850KwHs? I could believe that.
I posted a paper not long ago about the energy required to liquefy natural gas. Actual LNG plants here on Earth consume about ~850kWh/kg to compress CH4 to ~70 bar and then liquefy the natural gas . That means you either need to burn ~220kg of O2/CH4 for each kg of LOX/LCH4 you put in the propellant tanks, or you'd better have one stupidly powerful solar array. You'll need it.
Further proof that figure can't be right...
Liquid methane sells for about $1.30 per Kg. But if we assume an energy cost of 4 cents per KwH then, you are claiming just to get it into liquid form would cost over $34!!! So, no, I don't believe that figure.
JoshNH4H
From: Pullman, WA
I'm with louis on this one. One kWh is 3.6 MJ, meaning you're suggesting it takes 3 GJ/kg to compress and liquefy natural gas.
Compressing gases really is a work-intensive activity, but not *that* work intensive. Is it possible you've mixed up your units? 850 kJ/kg (0.25 kWh/kg) is a much more believable number for the work required to compress a gas to 70 bar.
A *very* rough ideal-gas approximation at room temperature (methane is not even close to an ideal gas under these conditions): 1 kg of Methane at 70 bar would take up 0.021 cubic meters. Using W=PV (very rough approximation, *not* a good formula) that corresponds to about 150 kJ/kg of energy. This should be correct to within +/- one order of magnitude.
Using the cold of Mars would be the way to get liquid methane but here is another method in liquid nitrogen is used to cool the gaseous methane
https://sciencing.com/compress-methane- … 98367.html
Gas has three quantities:
Three major Gas rules govern the behaviour of gases:
Boyle's Law
Charles' Law
Gay-Lussac's Law
Argh! Stupid calculator button presser! Why yes, that would be me
I deserve that for not checking my work.
It's 850Wh/kg (850kWh/t). That's only 204MWh, not 204GWh, to liquefy 240t of CH4.
204MWh is only ~279kWh/day over 730 days, or about 11.6kW/hr. That's within the realm of feasibility.
The rosiest projections I've seen for a scaled up version of MOXIE come from here:
Abstract #1666 - The MOXIE Team - Dr. Michael H Hecht
Since these are the people working on the technology, if they don't know how much power they'll need, then I don't know who will.
25.1kW to produce 2kg/hr
Scaling for Starship:
860t / 860,000kg of LOX
860,000 / 17,520 (365 days per year * 24 hours per day * 2 years per launch opportunity) = 49kg / hr
49kg / 2kg = 24.5 times more output per hour to replenish Starship's LOX tank in 730 days, assuming zero boil-off
24.5 * 25.1kWh = 614.95kWh/hr to produce 860t of LOX in 730 days
If MOXIE's power requirement scaled linearly, which it shouldn't with reduced heat losses and improved pump efficiency from using a larger pump, then it would be double that (51kWh/hr for 2kg of LOX per hr). Even so, that's still 14,758.8kWh / day. NASA's InSight Lander produced a 4,588Wh in a single day.
614,950Wh * 24hrs per day = 14,758,800Wh/day
14,758,800Wh / 4,588Wh = 3,216.8 times as much solar panel area
InSight has 4.4m^2 of ATK's solar panels / SolAero PV cells, so 14,154m^2, or an area ~119m x 119m. A NFL regulation football field is 5,351.2m^2, so nearly 3 football fields worth of panels just for making LOX... Presuming it's a bright sunny day on Mars, every single day.
The figures regarding how much power was projected to produce 1kg of LOX came from a previous experiment conducted by NASA as part of their ISRU efforts. It's 3kW higher than the projection for MOXIE, but was made before MOXIE existed. So, no, you still need to supply roughly the same number of megawatt-hours of power per day just to make 860t of LOX in 730 days, presuming a 6 millibar CO2 atmosphere with no dust (going back to NASA's experiment).
If I recall correctly, Elon Musk's plan is to send 5 cargo flights to Mars. If he actually intends to get all of his ships back to amortize manufacturing and launch costs, then you can multiply that figure by 5. So, that'd be 74MWh per day, just to make the LOX. I don't think he's going to get all of his ships back, though, so let's say he only intends to get 1 of the 5 ships back. ISS has the largest solar array ever deployed in space and it makes 120kW of power in full sun in LEO. For his plan to bring 1 ship back, he has to land and then build an array that produces 10 times as much power as ISS, just to make LOX. This, of course, presumes you care about getting the spaceship back. Tell me how many megawatt-class solar arrays we have floating around out there, never mind have built on the surface of any other planet. By my count, which thankfully doesn't require any calculator button pressing, that number is precisely zero.
We've all done it! - including NASA (who have less of an excuse, there being so many fingers to press the buttons !!).
So, 25 Kws averaged constant is well within the scope of a PV system, and also should not be a problem with a Kilopower reactor system (although in the case of Kilopower there may be issues, no doubt resolvable) over how you integrate that into what might be a mobile mining operation to seek out good local water supplies).
With PV, we should always remember we will have six Starships on the surface (with a Space X mission) which can make a powerful contribution to electricity generation.
The PV solution would require we take some methane/oxygen (I'm thinking maybe something like 50 tons). Again, we should have 5 residual Starships on the surface. Their tanks will have some propellant and fuel left over, and so those could, I presume be tapped. so they may be part of the 50 tons.
Kbd,
My previous response was somewhat rushed.
This is on Wikipedia:
"A preliminary study by SpaceX estimates the propellant plant is required to mine water ice and filter its impurities at a rate of 1 ton per day. The overall unit conversion rate expected, based on a 2011 prototype test operation, is one metric ton of O2/CH4 propellant per 17 megawatt-hours energy input from solar power. The total projected power needed to produce a single full load of propellant for a SpaceX BFR is in the neighborhood of 16 gigawatt-hours of locally Martian-produced power. To produce the power for one load in 26 months would require just under one megawatt of continuous electric power. A ground-based array of thin-film solar panels to produce sufficient power would have an estimated area of just over 56,200 square meters; with related equipment, the required mass is estimated to fall well within a single BFR Mars transport capability of 150 metric tons. Alternatively, extrapolating from recent NASA research into fission reactors for deep space missions, it is estimated that sufficient fission-reactor based electric power infrastructure might mass between 210 and 216 tonnes, requiring at least two BFRs for transport. A Mars power system using solar and vertical axis wind turbine design to produce sufficient power might mass just over 3.15 tonnes."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX_Ma … t_and_base
56,200 sq metres of PV sounds a lot but at 237 x 237 metres can easily be laid out. It would have to be carried in two Starships as their load is now at around 100 tons I believe (lower than the BFR spec).
I don't really understand the 3.15 tonnes quote above re a solar/wind system - perhaps that was a typo for 315 tons?
Last edited by louis (2019-07-12 09:22:24)
Even as we produce the fuel and cyrogenic Oxygen there is still a boiloff which will occur for each day as we progress to getting a full fuel tank such that the power levels to get there will need to go up to account for the boiloff replacement that we would produce during the total 730 days.
1,000 kg is a 1T metric
so 2kg x 500 to get 1 T
Desire 860T of fuel desire
martian day is just under 25 for the 24.5 hr used
desire product days 730
860t / 730 = 1.18t in day or 1180 kg / 24.5 hrs = 48.16 kg/hr rate of which we are only making 2kg is an issue as you need to multiply the 25kwhr array by call it 50kg/hr/ 2 kg = 25 of them...a 625 kwhr generating array of which we know that power is only developed even in the best places on earth for 4 to 4.5 hrs a day....which means another multiplier of 6 to get all the energy for the rate to run all day....
for a total array of 3.75megwatts....
I can only presume Space X are aware of boil-off and take that into account when giving their figure for the PV requirement.
Space x sized array 56,200 sq metres x 4.0 hr x (460 w insulatory x 30% efficiency) ~138 watts per meter = 31,022,400 whrs for a days production of energy to be stored and used in batteries over what was calculated as the minimum for doing the conversion..
So a factor of not quite 10 greater than is needed for the production of fuel.
Going off those estimates, that's 10.5 football fields worth of solar panels. For whatever reason, that seems a tad bit larger than anything we've ever laid out on another planet. However, that's not something you're going to unfurl and lay on the ground. It's just not.
Here's the application for Ascent Solar's space-rated 1kW/kg thin film solar array technology that I mentioned some time ago:
Direct Exploration of Jupiter Trojan Asteroid using Solar Power Sail
Ascent Solar Custom Solutions
However, the modules that actually protect the cells are 200W/kg and I presume that any environment with airborne abrasive dust would require minimal protection. So, a 3.75MW thin film array would weigh at least 18.75t, not 3.15t. That's just for the modules, exclusive of any wiring or packaging canisters. I've no idea how long those would last on Mars, but I seriously doubt it'd be more than 10 years. The power conversion equipment for that kind of juice would weigh at least several tons, the wiring several more tons, presuming we're using lightweight CNT wiring.
Apart from vehicles and equipment, I would leave the giant batteries at home. Storing 3.75MWh in batteries like the ISS ORU's would require 59.7t worth of batteries, so those packaging materials must become drastically lighter for battery backup to be practical. A 75% efficient CH4 fuel cell would require ~324kg of CH4 and 648kg of O2 to produce 3.75MWh. Waste heat from a fuel cell could potentially keep SOXE fuel cells warm at night to avoid hundreds of drastic thermal cycles that might crack the ceramic plates. We'll see how well MOXIE survives the thermal cycles when the 2020 rover lands on Mars. If backup power in the 10's of kW range is required for life support and keeping the propellant cold at night, then it'll be more mass-efficient to just burn some propellant in a fuel cell to reduce boil off than it will be to do that with batteries.
In the end, it's going to be a lot more power-efficient and mass-efficient to keep a series of small nuclear reactors running 24/7/365 to keep the lights on at night and the propellant frosty. The 5 KiloPower reactors that NASA wanted to bring to Mars could produce 3.75MWh in just under 4 and a half days if they were kept running at 70% of rated output. That's plenty of juice to keep the fuel cells hot, the solar panels warm, the propellant cold, and the humans warm and happy at night.
If I was going to take 50t of any propellant with me to Mars, it'd be 50t of LH2, just like Dr. Zubrin suggested. To make 240t of CH4, you only need 60t of H2. You still need to obtain an additional 100t / 100 cubic meters of H2O. Alternatively, just take 60t of LH2. If you don't get as much H2O as you need, then you can still make nearly all of the fuel required to get home from LH2 brought from home and the fission reactors can be built into that particular Starship with adequate shielding to keep the LH2 cold. That would also drastically lower the power requirements.
Regarding layout of the PV, I don't see any reason why assembly shouldn't be a simple matter. For one thing everything weighs less on Mars and for another you don't have to worry about strong winds, rain or other inclement weather conditions. PV film might be laid attached to a wire strung between brackets, angled for maximum insolation. You might do it in 10 metre sections. Obviously it would need to be tested but I think this could become a simple procedure and that a robot rover could achieve the assembly in a matter of days.
The panels which we talk about is not a plastic flexible solar array which is down in the 15% at best efficiency levels. The ridgid panels of 30% need poles for the vertical and one for the horizontal by which the framing for the solar panel to form a traingle shape between the pieces. The verticle pole is the anchor to the arrays layout such that when it is windy they do not move and get damaged.
If you can go see a large farm of arrays come to a site in trucks and see just what that volume they will need. This of course will be less the batteries which on mars will be required along with the protection shelter for them. Of course the powerwall for the AC votage excess storage comes to mind but that also means converting the output to AC rather than leaving it as DC for battery charging.
Even the kilopower units will have some batteries to take away any voltage fluctuations from current draw surges but its small in comparison.
Nobody has ever demonstrated 100% robotic assembly of a generating station here on Earth, no matter what kind of generating station we're talking about. The reduced weight only helps with energy requirements supplied to the assembly robots. The real issue is that nobody has ever done what you're talking about doing. This has to at least be demonstrated once to prove that it can work.
I went and searched for a video of a solar farm being built
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iCV_WS-mMQ
Edit company link removed
Oskomera completing work on one of the fastest solar parks ever to be built in the UK. The ground based solar system in Marston, Lincolnshire took just six weeks to build from start to finish.
Since I watched the video, I couldn't help but notice all the people, shipping containers, and diesel powered equipment at the construction site.
How much of that are you going to have on Mars?
Regarding Oskomera Solar Power Solutions, the second link you provided doesn't work. Their website link from their Facebook page goes to some asian pornographic website.
Could we deduce from this that they didn't do a very good job of building that solar power station in 6 weeks?
Nevermind, Oskomera Solar Power Solutions has already been declared bankrupt.
They happened to be the first with a mars scape for setup but it was intended to also show the shear volume of all of the wooden crates and how one is assembled for Louis...Would need to take more time with the video to get answers to the number of crates for the volume that we would take up inside a BFR...15 acres per MW on earth for a foot print
US superfund site where another was constructed in 6 months. There is an embedded video onthe page.
https://www.app.com/story/news/military … /95622600/
The 16.5-megawatt solar energy project is in a remote section of Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst. More than 51,000 solar panels are to be installed there and eventually produce more than 21,000 megawatt-hours of renewable energy each year, enough to power more than 2,500 homes across Jersey Central Power & Light's electric grid, according to the Joint Base Public Affairs Office.
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/fi … _solar.pdf
This is week 5 of a coop installed did not search for the other weeks...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eysZvubPIoU


After your campaign is finished sending, it's awfully tempting to skip over the bounces and head straight to the juicy numbers, like who opened and clicked. But it's important to give your bounce list the once-over. Why's that? It lets you find addresses that have failed to deliver because of an obvious typo. It's not uncommon to spot bounces like joe@hotmail.co or ssarah@sarahsflowers.com – clearly good addresses that have just fallen prey to a typo somewhere along the line. If you fix 'em and bundle 'em up in their own audience group, you can easily resend to the corrected addresses.
Oh, and speaking of resending, one tip you *won't* find here is resending to your bounces (that aren't typos). As a part of the overall delivery process, WebbMail's servers are already retrying soft bounces for you, up to four times over 24 hours (which is why you'll occasionally see 'emails in progress').
Do the numbers (but don't overdo them).
If you're like most of us, you're probably not using your response numbers to construct elaborate formulas and metrics. Fortunately, there's a quick and simple way to do a little number breakdown. Use our campaign compare feature to see how your most recent results stack up against your results from last month or last year. It'll just take a few minutes, and you'll even have a handy Excel file that averages and summarizes the campaigns side by side.
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-> More about numbers? See 4 Tips for Comparing Campaigns, it's chock full of insight on interpreting your results and, yes, gives some benchmark averages, too.
When people click on campaign links, they're telling you they're interested enough in what you've mentioned to spend time finding out more. Armed with that information, make plans to send a smaller follow-up campaign to the folks who are most likely to read and respond. For example, you might send a 10%-off coupon just to the folks who clicked on your latest product but didn't buy it. Or you could follow up with a reminder email to anyone who clicked to find out more about your upcoming seminar.
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The case for. – Dirty wet dog , boats and sailing.
A cruising dinghy or similarly trailerable dayboat.
My time in the lake district, Norfolk and then Essex-shire got me thinking about the value of a very small boat again and by which i mean several different types of small craft : canoe, sea kayak or sailing dinghy, even perhaps a multi-purpose small boat which i will explain later.
I could be regarded as a reasonably competent cruising sailor of average boats, i do also have some degree of expertise with big sailing boats , i am also a decent canoeist (open canoe) and a less good sea-kayaker and mainly due to back problems. In both the lakes and Norfolk it would have been a whole lot of fun to have put either canoe or sea kayak in the water at Wells and explored the creeks all the way through to Blakeney for example as their does seem to be a viable route on the OS map. For the sea kayak i would try and get one of the excellent boats that we paddled in NZ called a 'Sea-Bear Packhorse'….that's a very wide boat intended for heavy and nervous charter-paddlers and is what most of the outfitters use , problem : there aren't any in the UK. There are plenty of open canoes and the 2 of us are pretty slick in one of those so a fun project still might be to build a plywood lapstrake one and take that on our travels with us.
Dinghy sailing though…..that's something i have never done aside from a couple of sessions in an old Laser (far too quick and tippy) and one time a mate took me out in a '470', i don't remember too much about that. My partner had some lessons in a Wayfarer which is a good place to start and they of course are a well respected cruising dinghy which in the right hands can do awesome passages. There are a few others as well and so right now i am building up a potential list of contenders : in the title photograph there is a Devon Yawl which is a nice boat and one of the Drascombes , i don't know which one and i don't know much about them except that a lot of sailing schools use them as 'safe' teaching boats. The Drascombe i think of as the 'MPV' boat with an outboard on the back (must stop thinking of an outboard as a strap-on !) a rig and a set of oars to get me home.
Never done it so it would be a good learning experience for an old seadog.
I don't know of any dinghy that i couldn't get on a trailer and get home : even the big international 18 would do that and the Wayfarer/DY certainly as i have had a similar boat in the drive.
Reduction of yard costs to zero…that would 'clear the decks' to have a boat project at the yard with less pressure to get it done.
Set-up costs : there is a mark 1 Wayfarer on the market at £1500 with its trailer and the owner seems to have done lots of restoration work, equally there is a very nice looking Devon Yawl at just over £4 k. That's do-able and both boats should have decent resale value if it didn't work out.
Running/kit costs : are obviously a lot less than kit for a cruising boat, i have for example a spare small anchor kicking around, both boats above might need a small strap-on which would only have to be a 2-horse job. Set of oars are cheap and we have lots of transferrable kit from our canoeing/kayaking.
Car : my Pajero is probably in its last couple of years of active service without spending vast amounts on it , for a big trailer-sailer like the Dehler i would have to keep something like a Paj on the road, a dinghy on the other hand can be towed behind any decent car with a tow hitch.
I am seriously chewing on this one as it would allow me to sail when and where i chose (with a bit of a drive) and yet have the boat at home and not costing anything to store. It would also clear the way to allow me to work on a larger project boat without the tearing hurry to get it done and get it sailing : my partner for example seemed to quite like the little Sadler, most of them are 35+ years old and would need an extensive refit which would be time intensive but less expensive on new kit than say a bigger boat such as the GK29.
Peter Cash wrote : Imho you are really on the right track. We like a cuddy because of the cool spring and fall, also shade in the hot summers is a real plus. My 22′ beach cruiser has a cuddy and bimini so covers the bases( converted centerboard Star) Dislike o/b brackets so transon mount or a well is a must. Our V20 summers at a yard mast up ready to go. Just sold our wee seal mk2 so looking at cuddy Dovekie or Drascombe longboat cruiser/coaster. Lots of smaller 16'+ dinghys here but with cuddies that are only good for one. Which is fine by me as my bride likes her comforts. This has to be glass as it will sit on our dock/mooring for 5mths+ always ready for a daysail to the beach for a swim.
So l get to play at home, at the yard, or on my dock. Fleet ownership has its benefits.
Alan wrote : "Anything you can have at home is a bonus, as you know LB lives in the garage (built to fit, the garage that is !) one consideration with a tow vehicle is that it may be able to tow it but can you get up the launch ramp, the Mazda 626 wagon will tow the boat but I could never retrieve, as being front wheel drive there is no hope of getting up the ramp.
A full boat cover works well on the maintenance reduction program.
Means you can sail and build the Big boat !
Previous Weeks 5 and 6.
Imho you are really on the right track. We like a cuddy because of the cool spring and fall, also shade in the hot summers is a real plus. My 22′ beach cruiser has a cuddy and bimini so covers the bases( converted centerboard Star) Dislike o/b brackets so transon mount or a well is a must. Our V20 summers at a yard mast up ready to go. Just sold our wee seal mk2 so looking at cuddy Dovekie or Drascombe longboat cruiser/coaster. Lots of smaller 16'+ dinghys here but with cuddies that are only good for one. Which is fine by me as my bride likes her comforts. This has to be glass as it will sit on our dock/mooring for 5mths+ always ready for a daysail to the beach for a swim.
Anything you can have at home is a bonus, as you know LB lives in the garage (built to fit, the garage that is !) one consideration with a tow vehicle is that it may be able to tow it but can you get up the launch ramp, the Mazda 626 wagon will tow the boat but I could never retrieve, as being front wheel drive there is no hope of getting up the ramp.


text:
Violinist.com - Violin Blogs - The Weekend Vote - Blog Entry
V.com weekend vote: Who is the most important father-figure for the violin?
First, let me say Happy Fathers' Day to all you dads out there!
And now, I wanted to make this week's vote about father figures in the violin world. Some of them are actual fathers, some of them are not, but each of them has played a rather parental or fatherly role in the development of the art of violin playing. I'll describe why I have nominated each one, then you vote. Undoubtedly I will leave someone out, so if you have another candidate, please let us know, and feel free to add your thoughts!
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750): He was prolific both as a musician, and as a father. As a composer, he wrote more than a thousand works, including cantatas, choral works, sacred songs, organ works, other keyboard works, lute music, chamber music, orchestral music, canons and fugues, and of course our solo violin works. As a dad, he had 22 children with two wives (no, he was no polygamist, his first wife died, then he married again).
Antonio Stradivari (1644 - 1737): The father of modern lutherie, Stradivari made the violin the instrument that it is today. He made more than 1,200 violins, violas, cellos and other stringed instruments during his long life, and his craftsmanship and artistry remain unsurpassed and a source of inspiration for violinmakers everywhere.
Leopold Mozart (1719 – 1787): What would Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart have been without his pushy, overbearing stage-Dad? Seriously, Leopold was the force that gave young Wolfgang his early start and assured him the finest possible music education, and he sacrificed much to do so. Leopold also contributed greatly to violin technique in his own right, with his Treatise on the Fundamental Principles of Violin Playing, an exhaustive work outlining violin performance practice and technique that is still used (and sold) today. He also wrote many compositions for the violin; they are charming and clever works.
Shin'ichi Suzuki (1898 – 1998): He had no children himself, but he is the father of the Suzuki Method. Shin'ichi Suzuki literally taught thousands of violinists himself, and his Method spread around the globe like wildfire. How many people play the violin today, as a direct result of the Suzuki Method? It boggles the mind. He also revolutionized the way we think about talent, with his fundamental belief that all people are talented, given a loving learning environment and good instruction.
Ivan Galamian (1903 - 1981): His name appears on many of the editions of concertos and other music that students use today, because he edited so very many of them. He also wrote Principles of Violin Playing & Teaching, which is necessary reading for any teacher of the violin. Galamian taught at the Curtis Institute and was known for his ability to impart a high level of technique on all students, not just a special few. Juilliard superstar teacher Dorothy DeLay was his assistant, and many of today's finest violin teachers were trained by Ivan Galamian, or by proteges of Ivan Galamian.
From Michael Pijoan
Posted on June 18, 2011 at 11:36 PM
I voted for Galamian, but I'd also like to suggest Leopold Auer.
Posted on June 19, 2011 at 2:50 AM
I also voted for Galamian but no name really jumped out at me and I thought that voting was the only way I could see how everyone else voted. Laurie makes a good case for everyone, but Galamian is who my teacher follows. Regarding Stradivari: No argument that building all those perfect instruments is quite an achievement, but remember that the bow is just as important and it was others who perfected it.
True, what bowmaker would we nominate?
From David Beck
None of the above ! Whoever it was that added the fourth string circa 1550 deserves the title. Could the threeing fiddles have survived ?
Conception was probably in Brescia, but actual paternity ?? As my violin fights me back I have frequently accused it of illegitimacy, uttering as I do so an all-too-frequently used vernacular expression.
From Ernst Spyckerelle
Posted on June 19, 2011 at 1:12 PM
My violin father is Ysaÿe. I know few violinists who have the same number of works from high-class composers de voted to them.
He was a great compositor too, and as a teacher, his influence has always been underrated ( Lous Persinger, Menuhin's teacher, was his pupil).
From Viran Vuu
I read in either the Stradivarius book or Guardineri book (by the HIlls) that the reason the violin surpass the viol was because of opera and the commercial side of things. So opera composers should be consider the fathers of the violin because with out the demand for violins to be produced for opera orchestras/companies, the violin would not have took hold as rapidly.
From marjory lange
I voted for JSB on 'existential' grounds, sort of the 'grandfather' of violin repertoire (those sonatas & partitas are like the bible of violin literature). In terms of violin playing, though, I'm a 'grand-daughter' Galamianist--one of my most 'useful' teachers, James Buswell, was one of his lights.
From Anne Horvath
Archangelo Corelli.
From Mendy Smith
Papa Haydn :)
This blog's gone père shaped already.
Pere-shaped!
I also thought about including Joseph Gingold, who was a mentor to so many, including Josh Bell and many many more. He also was an orchestral player, who put together three books of orchestral excerpts and also edited as much violin music as did Galamian.
Also, I am now thinking of Vivaldi, the Red Priest, a "Father." Hah!
From Andre A
The most important father figure? Who else? How can 22 children be wrong.
From Andrei Pricope
I voted for Galamian, but would have loved to see Corelli, Locatelli, Tartini, BIber, Geminiani, even Vivaldi some place, but then how could one choose?!?
Not to mention the Romantics: Kreutzer, Spohr, Paganini, Vieuxtemps, Wieniawski, Ernst, Sarasate, Joachim, Auer...
Violin's mother was quite promiscuous, luckily for us...
From elise stanley
Voted for stradivari. twas a difficult choice between him and Bach - but major as the latter's contributions were they were not dedicated to this instrument but to all music of the time. The popular figure of the violin can not be separated from the venerable luthier...
From Royce Faina
I would put Stradivari as the father of the string family (Luthiers). I would like to see a weekend vote of Strings Father-figures; a) Luthiers (Bow et String makers). b)Players. c) Composers. d) Composers who played strings.
From Marina Akimova
Auer is missing