text:
Q: Application insights page views and requests are not being logged I manually installed Application Insights into an already existing ASP.Net MVC webapplication and added an instrumentation key to the config file. This is all fine as I can see a ton of dependency data showing up in the Azure portal.
However, page views or requests are not being picked in the dashboard, nor in Visual Studio itself. So I'm wondering, did I miss something in the configuration?
ApplicationInsights.config:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ApplicationInsights xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ApplicationInsights/2013/Settings">

  <InstrumentationKey>REDACTED</InstrumentationKey>
  <TelemetryInitializers>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.DependencyCollector.HttpDependenciesParsingTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.DependencyCollector"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.WindowsServer.AzureRoleEnvironmentTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.WindowsServer"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.WindowsServer.AzureWebAppRoleEnvironmentTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.WindowsServer"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.WindowsServer.BuildInfoConfigComponentVersionTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.WindowsServer"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.WebTestTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.Web"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.SyntheticUserAgentTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.Web">
      <!-- Extended list of bots:
            search|spider|crawl|Bot|Monitor|BrowserMob|BingPreview|PagePeeker|WebThumb|URL2PNG|ZooShot|GomezA|Google SketchUp|Read Later|KTXN|KHTE|Keynote|Pingdom|AlwaysOn|zao|borg|oegp|silk|Xenu|zeal|NING|htdig|lycos|slurp|teoma|voila|yahoo|Sogou|CiBra|Nutch|Java|JNLP|Daumoa|Genieo|ichiro|larbin|pompos|Scrapy|snappy|speedy|vortex|favicon|indexer|Riddler|scooter|scraper|scrubby|WhatWeb|WinHTTP|voyager|archiver|Icarus6j|mogimogi|Netvibes|altavista|charlotte|findlinks|Retreiver|TLSProber|WordPress|wsr-agent|http client|Python-urllib|AppEngine-Google|semanticdiscovery|facebookexternalhit|web/snippet|Google-HTTP-Java-Client-->
      <Filters>search|spider|crawl|Bot|Monitor|AlwaysOn</Filters>
    </Add>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.ClientIpHeaderTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.Web"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.OperationNameTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.Web"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.OperationCorrelationTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.Web"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.UserTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.Web"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.AuthenticatedUserIdTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.Web"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.AccountIdTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.Web"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.SessionTelemetryInitializer, Microsoft.AI.Web"/>
  </TelemetryInitializers>
  <TelemetryModules>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.DependencyCollector.DependencyTrackingTelemetryModule, Microsoft.AI.DependencyCollector">
      <ExcludeComponentCorrelationHttpHeadersOnDomains>
        <!--
        Requests to the following hostnames will not be modified by adding correlation headers.
        Add entries here to exclude additional hostnames.
        NOTE: this configuration will be lost upon NuGet upgrade.
        -->
        <Add>core.windows.net</Add>
        <Add>core.chinacloudapi.cn</Add>
        <Add>core.cloudapi.de</Add>
        <Add>core.usgovcloudapi.net</Add>
        <Add>localhost</Add>
        <Add>127.0.0.1</Add>
      </ExcludeComponentCorrelationHttpHeadersOnDomains>
      <IncludeDiagnosticSourceActivities>
        <Add>Microsoft.Azure.EventHubs</Add>
        <Add>Microsoft.Azure.ServiceBus</Add>
      </IncludeDiagnosticSourceActivities>
    </Add>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Extensibility.PerfCounterCollector.PerformanceCollectorModule, Microsoft.AI.PerfCounterCollector">
      <!--
      Use the following syntax here to collect additional performance counters:

      <Counters>
        <Add PerformanceCounter="\Process(??APP_WIN32_PROC??)\Handle Count" ReportAs="Process handle count" />
        ...
      </Counters>

      PerformanceCounter must be either \CategoryName(InstanceName)\CounterName or \CategoryName\CounterName

      NOTE: performance counters configuration will be lost upon NuGet upgrade.

      The following placeholders are supported as InstanceName:
        ??APP_WIN32_PROC?? - instance name of the application process  for Win32 counters.
        ??APP_W3SVC_PROC?? - instance name of the application IIS worker process for IIS/ASP.NET counters.
        ??APP_CLR_PROC?? - instance name of the application CLR process for .NET counters.
      -->
    </Add>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Extensibility.PerfCounterCollector.QuickPulse.QuickPulseTelemetryModule, Microsoft.AI.PerfCounterCollector"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.WindowsServer.AppServicesHeartbeatTelemetryModule, Microsoft.AI.WindowsServer"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.WindowsServer.AzureInstanceMetadataTelemetryModule, Microsoft.AI.WindowsServer">
      <!--
      Remove individual fields collected here by adding them to the ApplicationInsighs.HeartbeatProvider
      with the following syntax:

      <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Extensibility.Implementation.Tracing.DiagnosticsTelemetryModule, Microsoft.ApplicationInsights">
        <ExcludedHeartbeatProperties>
          <Add>osType</Add>
          <Add>location</Add>
          <Add>name</Add>
          <Add>offer</Add>
          <Add>platformFaultDomain</Add>
          <Add>platformUpdateDomain</Add>
          <Add>publisher</Add>
          <Add>sku</Add>
          <Add>version</Add>
          <Add>vmId</Add>
          <Add>vmSize</Add>
          <Add>subscriptionId</Add>
          <Add>resourceGroupName</Add>
        </ExcludedHeartbeatProperties>
      </Add>

      NOTE: exclusions will be lost upon upgrade.
      -->
    </Add>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.WindowsServer.DeveloperModeWithDebuggerAttachedTelemetryModule, Microsoft.AI.WindowsServer"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.WindowsServer.UnhandledExceptionTelemetryModule, Microsoft.AI.WindowsServer"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.WindowsServer.UnobservedExceptionTelemetryModule, Microsoft.AI.WindowsServer">
      <!--</Add>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.WindowsServer.FirstChanceExceptionStatisticsTelemetryModule, Microsoft.AI.WindowsServer">-->
    </Add>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.RequestTrackingTelemetryModule, Microsoft.AI.Web">
      <Handlers>
        <!--
        Add entries here to filter out additional handlers:

        NOTE: handler configuration will be lost upon NuGet upgrade.
        -->
        <Add>Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.PageInspector.Runtime.Tracing.RequestDataHttpHandler</Add>
        <Add>System.Web.StaticFileHandler</Add>
        <Add>System.Web.Handlers.AssemblyResourceLoader</Add>
        <Add>System.Web.Optimization.BundleHandler</Add>
        <Add>System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory</Add>
        <Add>System.Web.Handlers.TraceHandler</Add>
        <Add>System.Web.Services.Discovery.DiscoveryRequestHandler</Add>
        <Add>System.Web.HttpDebugHandler</Add>
      </Handlers>
    </Add>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.ExceptionTrackingTelemetryModule, Microsoft.AI.Web"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.AspNetDiagnosticTelemetryModule, Microsoft.AI.Web"/>
  </TelemetryModules>
  <ApplicationIdProvider Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Extensibility.Implementation.ApplicationId.ApplicationInsightsApplicationIdProvider, Microsoft.ApplicationInsights"/>
  <TelemetryProcessors>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Extensibility.PerfCounterCollector.QuickPulse.QuickPulseTelemetryProcessor, Microsoft.AI.PerfCounterCollector"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Extensibility.AutocollectedMetricsExtractor, Microsoft.ApplicationInsights"/>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.WindowsServer.TelemetryChannel.AdaptiveSamplingTelemetryProcessor, Microsoft.AI.ServerTelemetryChannel">
      <MaxTelemetryItemsPerSecond>5</MaxTelemetryItemsPerSecond>
      <ExcludedTypes>Event</ExcludedTypes>
    </Add>
    <Add Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.WindowsServer.TelemetryChannel.AdaptiveSamplingTelemetryProcessor, Microsoft.AI.ServerTelemetryChannel">
      <MaxTelemetryItemsPerSecond>5</MaxTelemetryItemsPerSecond>
      <IncludedTypes>Event</IncludedTypes>
    </Add>
  </TelemetryProcessors>
  <TelemetryChannel Type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.WindowsServer.TelemetryChannel.ServerTelemetryChannel, Microsoft.AI.ServerTelemetryChannel"/>
<!--
    Learn more about Application Insights configuration with ApplicationInsights.config here:
    http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=513840

    Note: If not present, please add <InstrumentationKey>Your Key</InstrumentationKey> to the top of this file.
  --></ApplicationInsights>

Web.config:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
  For more information on how to configure your ASP.NET application, please visit
  http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=301880
  -->
<configuration>
  <configSections>

    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
  </configSections>
  <connectionStrings>

  </connectionStrings>
  <appSettings>
    <add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
    <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="aspnet:MaxJsonDeserializerMembers" value="1500000" />
    <add key="SessionTimeoutDurationInMinutes" value="30" />
    <add key="LogFile" value="C:\tmp\log.log"/>
    <add key="UseNLogSqlLogger" value="False"/>
  </appSettings>
  <system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5.2" />
    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5.2" maxRequestLength="10485760" />
    <httpModules>
      <add name="ApplicationInsightsWebTracking" type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.ApplicationInsightsHttpModule, Microsoft.AI.Web" />
    </httpModules>
  </system.web>
  <system.webServer>
    <!-- Temporary fix until steekproeven scherm is refactored -->
    <httpErrors existingResponse="PassThrough" />
    <handlers>
      <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" />
      <remove name="OPTIONSVerbHandler" />
      <remove name="TRACEVerbHandler" />
      <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="*" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" />
    </handlers>
    <security>
      <requestFiltering>
        <requestLimits maxAllowedContentLength="4294967295" />
      </requestFiltering>
    </security>
    <modules>
       <remove name="FormsAuthentication" />
      <remove name="ApplicationInsightsWebTracking" />
      <add name="ApplicationInsightsWebTracking" type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.ApplicationInsightsHttpModule, Microsoft.AI.Web" preCondition="managedHandler" />
    </modules>
    <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />
  </system.webServer>
  <runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security.Cookies" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Newtonsoft.Json" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="30ad4fe6b2a6aeed" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-10.0.0.0" newVersion="10.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.6.5135.21930" newVersion="1.6.5135.21930" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Antlr3.Runtime" publicKeyToken="eb42632606e9261f" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.5.0.2" newVersion="3.5.0.2" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="LinqKit" publicKeyToken="bc217f8844052a91" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.1.7.1" newVersion="1.1.7.1" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Http" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Net.Http.Formatting" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Data.Edm" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.7.0.0" newVersion="5.7.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Data.OData" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.7.0.0" newVersion="5.7.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Spatial" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.7.0.0" newVersion="5.7.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
  </runtime>
  <entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" />
    <providers>
      <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
    </providers>
  </entityFramework>
  <system.codedom>
    <compilers>
      <compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.CSharpCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:6 /nowarn:1659;1699;1701" />
      <compiler language="vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript" extension=".vb" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.VBCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:14 /nowarn:41008 /define:_MYTYPE=\"Web\" /optionInfer+" />
    </compilers>
  </system.codedom>
</configuration>

A: Did you use the applicationinsights.web nuget package or one of the base ones?  The web package also makes modifications to web.config to add itself into the asp.net pipeline.  If you're seeing dependencies, then some things are getting loaded, but possibly not the request collector.
https://github.com/Microsoft/ApplicationInsights-dotnet-server
If you manually added application insights to the project, you'll also have to manually add the javascript part somewhere to your application (usually to a master page or template, depending on how your app works)
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/application-insights/app-insights-javascript
<!--
To collect end-user usage analytics about your application,
insert the following script into each page you want to track.
Place this code immediately before the closing </head> tag,
and before any other scripts. Your first data will appear
automatically in just a few seconds.
-->
<script type="text/javascript">
var appInsights=window.appInsights||function(a){
  function b(a){c[a]=function(){var b=arguments;c.queue.push(function(){c[a].apply(c,b)})}}var c={config:a},d=document,e=window;setTimeout(function(){var b=d.createElement("script");b.src=a.url||"https://az416426.vo.msecnd.net/scripts/a/ai.0.js",d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0].parentNode.appendChild(b)});try{c.cookie=d.cookie}catch(a){}c.queue=[];for(var f=["Event","Exception","Metric","PageView","Trace","Dependency"];f.length;)b("track"+f.pop());if(b("setAuthenticatedUserContext"),b("clearAuthenticatedUserContext"),b("startTrackEvent"),b("stopTrackEvent"),b("startTrackPage"),b("stopTrackPage"),b("flush"),!a.disableExceptionTracking){f="onerror",b("_"+f);var g=e[f];e[f]=function(a,b,d,e,h){var i=g&&g(a,b,d,e,h);return!0!==i&&c["_"+f](a,b,d,e,h),i}}return c
  }({
      instrumentationKey:"<your instrumentation key>"
  });

window.appInsights=appInsights,appInsights.queue&&0===appInsights.queue.length&&appInsights.trackPageView();
</script>

you won't see pageviews inside tools inside VS, since the browser is sending those events to application insights directly, instead of them happening in the asp.net code.
you might be running into this issue: https://github.com/Microsoft/ApplicationInsights-dotnet-server/issues/569
as your web config should have this (2 modules):
<system.webServer>
  <modules>
      <add name="TelemetryCorrelationHttpModule" type="Microsoft.AspNet.TelemetryCorrelation.TelemetryCorrelationHttpModule, Microsoft.AspNet.TelemetryCorrelation" preCondition="integratedMode,managedHandler" />
      <add name="ApplicationInsightsHttpModule" type="Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.ApplicationInsightsHttpModule, Microsoft.AI.Web" preCondition="managedHandler" />
  </modules>
</system.webServer>

where your webconfig only has the second one.


Airbrush makeup transformation. 100% flawless, 100% you.
Ever wondered what really happens at a photo shoot? Or what people look like before Photoshop? Of course you do!!!
Thanks to two of my amazing friends, Tami Inoue of www.tamipaigephotography.com and Jaclyn Puccini, Everyday Charming's personal stylist, the three of us styled and snapped in my living room to show you the naked truth.
And here is some big news.... I'm beyond excited to share in 2015 we are offing airbrush makeup to our clients!!!!! This has been a long time coming but has the ability to transform a photo session from outstanding to flawless.
In each of the the following images only simple color corrections have been done. Absolutely zero skin retouching or "digital airbrushing". Jaclyn's flawless face is 100% real in photos and in person following her airbrushed makeup session!
I love sharing this post because now my clients can not only enjoy perfect skin in their photos but in real life too. Even the smallest imperfections have their ways of making us feel self conscious and we are totally over it!
Sign up to receive a free airbrush makeup session with Laura!
Thanks to Jaclyn, she's created a shopping list right from our shoot here on Polyvore to find these same styles for yourself.
Inspiration for this photo shoot came from my love of mixing and matching different styles and creating an elegant look on a budget.
I love pairing edgy and simple styles.
My favorite pair of ripped jeans gave a bohemian feel to a pretty cream top (that was once my grandmothers). A black leather jacket, brown fedora, and silvery grey booties add the right amount of edge to the outfit. Last but not least, a vintage three-layered necklace finishes my look.
My trick to mixing styles is to stay away from merging more than three different styles at once.
A white faux fur jacket is a great staple piece that is incredibly versatile. My favorite way to wear it is slightly dressed up with ankle strap black pumps. I threw in a patterned shirt and red lip to make the whole outfit more interesting.
Love these outfits? I've got your shopping list right here!


text:
Leaked fuel should have little impact on Conococheague Creek
Dale Heberlig
CHAMBERSBURG >> Gasoline that leaked into the Conococheague Creek from a damaged fuel truck Tuesday isn't expected to have a major impact on the waterway, according to an official with the state Department of Environmental Protections.
The incident unfolded quickly after a truck carrying fuel hit a dumpster on the northwest side of Memorial Square, triggering the spill of 150 to 200 gallons of gasoline. First responders treated the spilled fuel with a white foam to lessen the severity of the vapor, and soon the same foam could be seen flowing into the creek and seeping into storm drains.
DEP spokesman John Repetz reported Wednesday morning that 10-20 gallons of runoff reached the creek's water. He said preliminary reports suggest impact to the Conococheague Creek is minimal.
"Between 10 and 20 gallons of gasoline and some foam made it into the creek through two storm drains along Route 30," Repetz said in an email. "The fire department boomed off the storm drains and placed two booms across the creek. After the wrecked tanker was off loaded and removed, the gasoline and foam was rinsed off the street. The waste water was collected by a vacuum truck. The booms on the creek were left in place overnight. A cleanup contractor was to remove them today. We do not anticipate any long term negative impacts to the creek."
Quick response likely prevented a more immediate catastrophe, according to Dustin Ulrich, assistant emergency services chief for the Chambersburg Fire Department.
Photos: Fuel leak in Chambersburg's Memorial Square
Ulrich said the immediate objectives were to stop the leak, prevent runoff and execute the evacuation.
"Most of the leak was stopped within the first 10 minutes," he said, "although it continued to drip some until the contents of the tanker were off loaded."
He said heavy vapors from the leaking gasoline created conditions ripe for an ignition of the volatile fuel, creating a threat to the surrounding neighborhood.
Ulrich said about 75 residents along the first block of Lincoln Way West — between Memorial Square and Conococheague Creek — were evacuated, along with some businesses. The evacuation area extended to the northwest side of Memorial Square.
"The quick response avoided a potential catastrophe," Ulrich said. "A key factor was the coordination between law enforcement officers and local fire and EMS providers."
Ulrich said emergency shutoff systems on the tanker were employed with the assistance of the driver.
The area around Memorial Square reopened to traffic at about 11 p.m., — roughly six hours after emergency responders were dispatched for an unspecified fuel spill at about 4 p.m in the first block of Lincoln Way West, according to Ulrich. The evacuation order was lifted at about 9:30 p.m.
"We had little information when dispatched, but the first crew on the scene noticed the leaking tanker and called for additional resources to help limit the leak and to assist in an evacuation," Ulrich said.
Ulrich estimated 200 gallons of gasoline onboard leaked. Bob Astor, a spokesman for Shipley Energy of York, the tanker operator, estimated the leakage at 150 gallons. Astor added the tanker was carrying about 8,000 gallons of gasoline in five separate compartmentalized pods. He said one purpose of the separate pods is to limit leakage in the event of damage
The leak was contained to piping that transfers fuel from the pods to the end user. None of the pods were ruptured, Ulrich said.
"We were very, very lucky that the damage that was sustained was contained to the discharge arms, and all the fail-safe mechanisms did their job," Astor said.
Tuesday's emergency response drew personnel from local fire companies, fire police, and hazmat units out of Letterkenny Township, and Cumberland and Adams counties, Chambersburg police, the Franklin County Sheriff's Department and Pennsylvania State Police.
Previous: Chambersburg square evacuated for fuel leak

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Group Directors
Godrej Consumer Products
Godrej Agrovet
Brighter Living
Press Release- Godrej Interio strengthens its healthcare business across India
Godrej Interio strengthens its healthcare business across India
~Seeks to expands its healthcare business by 60-70%
Mumbai, May 26th 2021: Godrej & Boyce, the flagship company of the Godrej Group, announced that its business Godrej Interio, India's leading furniture brand in-home and institutional segments has increased its production capacity of beds by 2.5x daily, over a period of the last year, to meet the rising demand in the wake of the Covid-19 crisis in the country. They have supplied over 10,000 hospital and ICU beds in addition to a similar number of specialised mattresses and other accessories to hospitals. In the last 14 months, Godrej Interio also set up a new manufacturing plant at Khalapur in Maharashtra. The facility is equipped with a flexible production line that can accommodate a capacity of 300 hospital beds per day among other healthcare accessories.
Godrej & Boyce has been operating in the healthcare sector for over 30 years. The company recently announced that their Interio division is expected to grow its healthcare business at 20-25% in FY22. On strengthening its healthcare business across India, Sameer Joshi, Associate Vice President, Marketing (B2B), Godrej Interio said "The Indian healthcare industry has always been a focus for us and one that we believe has a lot of potential to grow. The market share of the overall organized healthcare furniture industry in India is 13%. In the last year, since April 2020, we grew by 22% while the industry growth was 15% in FY21 and we further plan to grow by 60-70% . We have recently invested over 10% of our healthcare business turnover to meet the demands off this sector". Godrej Interio's key clients in India includes government, private hospitals, and other healthcare spaces."
With 95% healthcare products being sold by Godrej Interio are through local value addition, it provides a boost to invest and create a furniture component ecosystem into the country and contribute towards government's vision of an Aatmanirbhar Bharat. It also encourages exporting of furniture beyond India. While Godrej Interio has executed orders in Mauritius, Sri Lanka, and Middle East in the past, they are currently exporting healthcare and laboratory furniture to the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and MINA (Middle East and North Africa) countries.
About Godrej Interio:
Godrej Interio (GI) is India's premium furniture brand in both home and institutional segments with a strong commitment to sustainability and centers of excellence in design, manufacturing, and retail.
Led by the largest in-house design team in the country in the furniture category and awarded with 37 India Design Mark Awards till date, GI aims to transform spaces with its thoughtfully designed furniture to create brighter homes and offices with products that have the highest design quotient in aesthetics, functionality and technology. With consistent pursuit of excellence and a special focus on health and ergonomics, GI's product portfolio comprises a massive range.
Today, we design and manufacture furniture for office spaces, homes, educational institutes, healthcare facilities, laboratories and more. Along with furniture we offer Audio Visual and 360 Degree Turnkey solutions. Each of our product range revolves around comfort and aesthetics while delivering well-designed, fun and functional furniture solutions. Briefly, Godrej Interio transforms dream spaces to life! Godrej Interio has 7 manufacturing facilities situated at Mumbai, Khalapur, Haridwar, Shirwal, and Bhagwanpur. GI's Shirwal Plant is Green Co Platinum Certified, and Mumbai Plants are Green Co Gold Certified. GI is widely known for its comprehensive sustainability certifications for its products in furniture category.
GI commitment to the environment has resulted in manufacturing products with lesser environment footprint. Our pioneering efforts include designing less environment burdening products, usage of eco-friendly materials and setting up less polluting and consuming processes, ensuring eco-friendly packaging and transportation and finally the extended responsibility of recycling/reuse of used furniture and scrap, thus ensuring a lifecycle approach to green. GI has the widest range of green choices for our customers which not only includes products but also services such as green interiors and recycling.
Currently present in over 650 cities with 250 exclusive showrooms and 800 dealers, GI is one of the largest divisions of Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd., part of the Godrej Group, one of India's largest engineering and customer product groups.
The brand boasts of noteworthy awards received so far- CII Exim Bank Award for Business Excellence 2016, Superbrands 2017-18, Reader's Digest Most Trusted Brand 2018 Gold (Home Furniture and Modular Kitchen), TRA's India's Most Consumer focused brand 2019, GreenCo Star Performer Award 2019, National Energy Leader Award at CII National Award for Excellence in Energy Management 2018.
Elizabeth Bocarro- ebocarro@godrej.com
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Rev. Lord Roberts of Llandudno has kindly permitted Detention Forum to publish a press release from his office. Lord Roberts has been selected to ask questions about the deportation of Isa Muazu in the House of Lords tomorrow. Please read the statement from his office below.
LIBERAL DEMOCRAT peer Rev. Lord Roberts of Llandudno has been selected to ask a question in the House of Lords on Wednesday about the deportation of Isa Muazu, which he says shows "a complete lack of competency at the very top levels of government".
He will use an oral question in the Chamber asking the Government whether, in light of the case of Mr Muazu, it will clarify its policy in relation to the detention of immigration detainees who are seriously ill and refuse food and fluids.
Mr Muazu, who is Nigerian, is said to be near death following a hunger strike. He is now back in the UK after the Home Office flight deporting him had to turn around.
It is understood the Nigerian authorities did not clear the plane to land.
Lord Roberts, who speaks on asylum issues in the Lords, said tonight: "This botched deportation shows a complete lack of competency at the very top levels of government.
"It was seriously incompetent and inhumane for the Home Secretary and the Immigration Minister to put Isa on a plane considering his life-threatening state.
Mr Muazu has been held in detention since he claimed asylum in July, saying he faced persecution from the hardline Islamist group Boko Haram.
Lord Roberts added: "There are still questions for Theresa May and Mark Harper to answer. The Government must immediately clarify its policy position in relation to the detention of immigration detainees who are seriously ill and refuse food and fluids.
Isa (or Ifa) Muazu, a Nigerian man who is said to be "near death" following a hunger strike, is back in the UK after the Home Office flight deporting him had to turn around. Lawyers for Mr Muazu, who has refused food for more than 100 days, say he is back at Harmondsworth detention centre.
Lord Roberts' topical oral question will be heard in the House of Lords on Wednesday, December 4 2013 at approximately 3pm.
Lord Roberts of Llandudno is a Liberal Democrat member of the House of Lords. He was educated at John Bright Grammar School in Llandudno, the University College of North Wales and Handsworth Methodist College, Birmingham. In 1957 he became a Methodist minister and was Superintendent Methodist Minister at Llandudno for 20 years. He is currently Vice-Chair or the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Migration and President of Liberal Democrats for Seekers of Sanctuary.


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Bernard L. McNamee Partner
F fax +1 804 698 2242
bmcnamee@mwcllc.com
Former FERC Commissioner Bernard L. McNamee is a partner at McGuireWoods and a senior advisor at McGuireWoods Consulting. McNamee provides clients legal, policy and legislative guidance on a wide range of energy and environmental issues.
His practice focuses on strategic planning and policy development, legislation, and rulemakings, including issues involving Congress, the U.S. Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), as well as regional transmission organizations (RTOs) and independent system operators (ISOs). In addition, McNamee works with private equity investors and portfolio companies to help them understand the implications of federal and state energy policy decisions and market trends for their investment and business decisions.
McNamee completed a term as a commissioner on FERC in 2020, a position for which he was nominated by the President and confirmed by the United States Senate in 2018. During his time on the Commission, McNamee was recognized as a leader on a number of important energy issues and participated in more than 1,700 published orders on issues related to wholesale electricity markets, natural gas pipelines, liquefied natural gas (LNG) export facilities, oil pipeline rates, hydro facilities, reliability standards, and ratemaking. He also testified before Congress and was invited to speak before energy organizations throughout the country. McNamee assists clients with high-stakes and complex issues involving the Federal Power Act (FPA), Natural Gas Act (NGA), Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), Interstate Commerce Act (ICA), and Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS).
McNamee develops coalitions for clients and works with state attorneys generals in developing multilevel engagement on important energy and environmental issues.
Before joining FERC, McNamee served in the U.S. Department of Energy as executive director of the Office of Policy and deputy general counsel for energy policy. His career in public service includes key leadership positions under Attorneys General in Virginia and Texas and policy advisor roles for a U.S. Senator from Texas and a Governor of Virginia.
McNamee previously was a partner in McGuireWoods' Regulatory & Compliance Department. He assisted electric and natural gas utilities in rate cases and in obtaining approvals to build generating facilities and transmission lines, as well as the development of renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and integrated resource planning (IRP). He played an integral role advising clients during implementation of the 2007 Virginia Electric Utility Regulation Act, which returned the state's utilities to a modified cost-of-service regulatory model.
McGuireWoods Consulting LLC ("MWC") is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McGuireWoods LLP law firm. From time to time, various McGuireWoods lawyers provide non-legal services to MWC clients, but MWC cannot provide legal services or advice. Therefore, any work MWC performs for a client does not give rise to an attorney-client relationship or privilege. Should you require legal services from McGuireWoods, as well as consulting services from MWC, you must engage the law firm separately.
While at FERC:
participated in over 1700 orders and issued numerous separate concurrences and dissents;
widely recognized as having helped develop pathway that allowed for the approval under section 3 of the NGA of over 14 LNG export facilities in a little over a year and ending a two year period in which no LNG export facility had been approved;
approved numerous natural gas pipelines under section 7 of the NGA;
worked on a number of wholesale market orders impacting PJM, ISO-NE, NYISO, MISO, SPP, and CAISO;
worked on issues related to transmission, interconnection, storage, ratemaking, and reliability;
worked on a number of cyber and physical security issues and standards, including NERC standards; and
worked on approval for hydroelectric facilities.
While at U.S. Dept. of Energy, worked on LNG export applications, renewable fuel standards, electric market reliability, and nuclear waste issues, including Standard Contract for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel.
While serving in the Texas Office of the Attorney General, he led the Texas team in a multistate effort challenging EPA's Clean Power Plan and Waters of the United States (WOTUS).
While working in the U.S. Senate, played leading role in drafting energy policy legislation filed in the U.S. Senate.
While at McGuireWoods:
represented electric utility in obtaining CPCNs to build three utility-scale solar facilities;
represented electric utility in obtaining CPCN to convert three coal-burning facilities to operate on biomass;
represented electric utility in obtaining approval for integrated resource plans (IRP);
represented electric and natural gas utilities in various rate cases;
represented electric utility in obtaining CPCN for electric transmission lines;
represented natural gas utilities in obtaining decoupling mechanism and conservation program; and
represented electric utility in approval of renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS).
State Attorneys General
Emory University School of Law, JD, 1993
University of Virginia, BA, 1989
Street Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law, Appalachian School of Law
Member, Federalist Society, 1990-present
Member, Editorial Advisory Board, Energy, Law360, 2021, 2022
Lincoln Fellow, Claremont Institute, 2014
Member, Attorney General's Task Force on Access to Higher Education, 2003
Member, Virginia Criminal Sentencing Commission, 2002-2003
Special Assistant, Virginia Preparedness and Security Panel, 2001
Member, Administrative Law Advisory Committee, Virginia Code Commission, 2000-2002
Trustee, Virginia 4-H Foundation, 1998-2002
Member, Council for America's First Freedom, 2006-2007
Member, Appalachian School of Law Natural Resource and Energy Law Task Force, 2013
Guest, "Former energy regulator: US can curb reliance on Russian energy by removing domestic barriers," Plugged In Podcast, March 1, 2022
Guest, "Former FERC Commissioner Says 'Market Design Problem' Was a Leading Cause of February 2021 Texas Power Crisis," The POWER Podcast, February 3, 2022
Presenter, "Federal Legislative & Regulatory Update from a Former FERC Commissioner," E4 Carolinas 2021 Southeast Energy Law Seminar, December 10, 2021
Speaker, Pipeline Infrastructure and Coal Redevelopment Opportunities, May 25, 2021
Speaker, Energy and Environmental Initiatives Arising From the Biden Presidency, May 12, 2021
Selected for inclusion in "Legal 500 United States," Energy Litigation: Conventional Power, 2022
Named to "Legal Elite," Legislative, Regulatory and Administrative Law, Virginia Business, 2008, 2012, 2020
Selected for inclusion in The Best Lawyers in America, Energy Law, Woodward/White, Inc., 2010-2013
Author, Crypto-Miners, Large Loads Subject to New Interim Interconnection Process in ERCOT, McGuireWoods Legal Insights, April 21, 2022
Author, "Why Marginal Pricing in Wholesale Electric Markets May Need Reform," RealClear Energy, June 20, 2021
Author, "Time to Update Wholesale Electric Markets — But Don't Forget the Benefits of Traditional Utility Regulation," RealClear Energy, April 8, 2021
Author, DOE Bans China-Connected Transactions in BPS Equipment Serving Critical Defense Facilities, McGuireWoods Legal Insights, January 5, 2021
Bernard McNamee Quoted in Infrastructure Investor on Potential Impact of 'Windfall Profits Tax'
The New York Times, S&P Global Quote Bernard McNamee on Energy Reliability Issues
Politico, The Wall Street Journal, E&E News Quote Bernard McNamee on Energy Policy
Bernard McNamee Discusses FERC's Greenhouse Gas Draft Policy Statement in S&P Global
Law360 Names 12 McGuireWoods Lawyers to Editorial Advisory Boards for 2022


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Wayne Emmerson, Acting Chair
Regional Chairman & Chief Executive Ofiicer
York Region Chairman and CEO Wayne Emmerson was elected as Chair of the Regional Municipality of York Police Services Board for the year 2023. Chair Emmerson has been Vice Chair of the Board since January 2022. Chairman Emmerson is currently serving his second term as York Region Chairman and CEO for The Regional Municipality of York. Head of Regional Council and an ex-officio member of all committees, Regional Chairman Emmerson was re-elected by members of Regional Council to serve for the 2023-2026 term.
Chairman Emmerson is a fifth-generation resident of York Region. He has nearly three decades of political experience, including his role as Mayor for the Town of Whitchurch-Stouffville for 17 years. Focused on getting results, Chairman Emmerson's experience and leadership is well-respected across York Region and all levels of government.
During his two terms, Chairman Emmerson has been committed to ensuring York Region remains a destination of choice for residents to live, work and play and businesses want to operate in.
Chairman Emmerson is dedicated to making significant progress towards building the kind of communities we want future generations to inherit. Part of that progress has been through the historic launch of the new TTC Line 1 Subway extension into York Region, a monumental moment for York Region's residents who welcomed the first subway network outside of the City of Toronto in 40 years.
Chairman Emmerson's pledge to offer stronger broadband now and for the future brought on the establishment of York Net, and continues to strengthen broadband across York Region. This marks the first time the public has access to York Region's dark fiber network.
His leadership provides a long-term outlook for York Region and aims to encourage and celebrate the efforts of residents and our local cities and towns. This includes York Region's continued success with waste diversion programs diverting 93 per cent from landfills and setting out a course of action to best support the aging population over the next 10 to 20 years with the vital Seniors Strategy.
The sixth Chairman and CEO for The Regional Municipality of York, Chairman Emmerson serves as an ex-officio member of all Regional Committees. Additionally, he is a member of the York Regional Police Services Board, CEO of the York Region Rapid Transit Board and a member of the Board of Directors for the Federation of Canadian Municipalities.
Chairman Emmerson has also served as a Board member for a number of organizations including Markham-Stouffville Hospital, GTA Mayors' Committee and the Greater Toronto Services Board.
Working with York Regional Police, the Toronto Region Conservation Authority, various celebrities plus other community agencies and organizations, he was instrumental in the development of York Region's Community Safety Village, a nationally recognized interactive educational facility where children learn about fire, traffic and personal safety.
In 2012, Chairman Emmerson was honoured with the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal. This commemorative medal serves to honour his significant political contributions.
Married for more than 40 years to his wife Debra, Regional Chairman Emmerson is the proud father of two grown sons and a grandfather of one grandson.


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Situation and Outlook Report: Tobacco
Tobacco: Government policies and programs affecting tobacco production and trade in major tobacco trading nations
Government policies and programs affecting tobacco production and trade in major tobacco trading nations – U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service report
Sean Coady
Abstract: Government intervention influences the production and trade of most of the
world's unmanufactured tobacco. This article summarizes government policies and
intervention in eight major tobacco trading nations and the European Community during 1982-87.
Together, the nine areas account for three-fifths of world trade in unmanufactured tobacco.
Keywords: International tobacco trade, government intervention, production and
trade policies.
Government intervention influences the production and trade of most of the world's unmanufactured tobacco. In some nations, government intervention is pervasive and weighs heavily in most production and trade decisions. High levels of intervention often involve domestic subsidies, trade barriers, legal restrictions, or agricultural production and export taxes, and have a significant influence on domestic and world tobacco production and trade.
In contrast, government intervention in some nations is minimal and has little or no influence on tobacco producers and traders. However, regardless of the extent of a nation's government intervention, its tobacco production and trade opportunities can be affected by the actions of other nations.
Although the mix of a nation's policies and programs can be roughly categorized, as presented in table B-1, measurement of overall intervention schemes is difficult because of the diversity and complexity of these policies (Peters, Cahill, and Legg). Several techniques have been developed to assess the degree of government support for agricultural commodities, but many difficulties remain concerning the implementation and use of these measures in trade negotiations.(2)
This article highlights the types of programs and policies that influence tobacco production and trade in major tobacco trading nations. The period 1982-87 was used in the article because detailed data were compiled for these years for the comprehensive forthcoming study cited earlier. However, it should be noted that recent reforms in India, Brazil, Argentina, and the EC have caused some policies to change.
Eight nations and the European Community are included in the study. They account for about three-fifths of world trade in unmanufactured tobacco. The wide array of policies and programs makes an exhaustive cataloging difficult and impractical. However, the listing and description of the major programs is useful for making initial comparisons of government intervention across nations.
Intervention Policies
Most measures listed in table B-1 affect all agricultural production and trade, not just tobacco. Some nations also have policies and programs specifically designed to affect only tobacco growers. However, even when a mix of policies is pursued, the mixture is often dominated by one or two policies.
Although most forms of intervention are considered to promote or protect grower revenues, not all measures are used to promote tobacco production or exports. For example, governments in many developing countries tax tobacco exports as a means of generating revenue. Moreover, government intervention measures may not always affect producers of different types of tobacco equally. In some nations, growers of certain types of tobacco may receive support while other tobacco producers are taxed.
The following sections present brief outlines of the policies and programs of eight major tobacco trading nations and the European Community (EC) during 1982 to 1987. Although the compilation is not exhaustive, major programs are discussed for each nation.
Direct intervention in tobacco production and trade by Argentina's Government between 1982 and 1987 consisted of a direct payment program, export taxes, and restrictions on tobacco imports. Indirect intervention (macroeconomic measures that affected tobacco production or trade) included fixed exchange rates.
The primary source of support for Argentina's tobacco producers came from a direct payment program financed through cigarette excise taxes. While this program represented a direct transfer from consumers to producers, such a tax may also have reduced cigarette demand and lowered the revenue received by tobacco growers. Nonetheless, the direct payment program guaranteed producers at least 40 percent of the annually contracted price, which was determined through negotiations by the Government of Argentina, tobacco producers, and tobacco processors. The Argentine Government also protected domestic producers by restricting imports of foreign tobacco and tobacco products through the imposition of import licenses.
Although the Government of Argentina used a fixed exchange rate, the potential benefits of the fixed-rate regime were offset by the country's high inflation. In addition, an export tax on tobacco limited export opportunities. Thus, while Argentina's domestic market was protected, the effect of the overall policy combination was mixed because the level of exports was limited by the fixed exchange rate regime and the export tax.
Brazilian Government intervention in tobacco production and trade between 1982 and 1987 was extensive. The measures included subsidized production credit, an indexed exchange rate, domestic and export taxes, and research expenditures. The Brazilian Government also subsidized crop insurance, fuel, and fertilizer expenditures. In addition, tobacco imports into Brazil were essentially prohibited through import licensing and high tariffs.
Government credit programs provided for interest rate and inflation subsidies for tobacco producers. Production loans were granted at reduced interest rates, and included an implicit inflation subsidy because, in real terms, the value of the repaid loan was less than the original loan value.
While these programs subsidized and supported Brazilian tobacco producers, the effects were outweighed by a domestic tax of 13 percent and an export tax that ranged from 8 to 20 percent. In addition, Brazil used an indexing system for exchange rate adjustments, but it did not match the rate of inflation. Thus, changes in the official exchange rate were positive for some years and negative in other years.
As in Argentina, the combination of rapid inflation and currency fluctuations created problems for tobacco producers. During this period, the real domestic price to growers of Brazilian tobacco fell.
European Community
The policy mix used in the European Community was very different from that used in developing countries. In some ways it possesses characteristics similar to those in the United States. There is a mixture of policies and programs used in the EC because it is an economic coalition of twelve nations, although the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) guides policy decisions of each nation.(1) As a result, each nation in the Community had a voice in the agricultural programs and policies intended for its producers.
During the middle 1980's, the most important component of the European system was a price support program that set prices for various tobacco varieties. An important component of the CAP related to tobacco production was a price support program. The EC annually set a norm price for 26 varieties of tobacco which guaranteed producers a "fair return", taking into account production requirements and the viability of firms.
Under the norm price scheme, an intervention price was set somewhere below the norm price. The intervention price represented the lowest price growers could receive. Intervention agencies were required to buy all tobacco offered to them at the intervention price. In addition, export refunds were offered to tobacco buyers to offset losses in world markets, and to assist in clearing the market, thereby lowering storage costs.
Border measures were applied in the form of tariffs on tobacco imports. Tariffs varied with the economic level of the exporting country, with poorer, developing nations subject to lower rates than more developed nations. There were three tariff rate categories. The highest tariffs were imposed on "Class 1" nations such as the United States. Tariffs decreased for "Class 2" nations such as Brazil which were classified as non-African Caribbean Pacific (ACP) developing nations. No tariffs were imposed on the third category of nations known as ACP nations. These nations were either former European colonies or bordered on the Mediterranean. The tariff rate increased for other countries with a minimum and maximum tariff rate structure and by type of tobacco. The tariff rate was lowest for Oriental-type tobacco and slightly higher for flue-cured and burley.
Finally, infrastructure support is provided to agricultural producers and processors through programs designed to help modernize farms and to improve processing and marketing. The CAP provided this support to agriculture through the European Agricultural Guarantee and Guidance Fund. In general, however, the impact of the infrastructural support programs was minor.
In India, direct intervention was provided through Government-controlled tobacco trade, domestic price supports, and minimum export prices through a state trading corporation known as the Tobacco Board. The Government also provided technical assistance and organized extension programs for tobacco farmers. The Indian Government provided electricity at subsidized rates, supported irrigation projects, subsidized interest rates, and prohibited tobacco imports.
The Government of India controlled the trade in tobacco and supported prices through a system of domestic price supports and minimum export prices through a state trading corporation known as the Tobacco Board. The Tobacco Board of India normally bought higher quality leaf at support prices when auction market prices fell. Furthermore, imports of tobacco were generally prohibited. As a result, the most profound policy impacts on flue-cured producers were derived from Government of India controls on production and trade.
In addition, the Tobacco Board provided technical assistance and organized extension programs for tobacco farmers. The government of India also provided electricity at subsidized rates (the electricity was used primarily for irrigation) and supported irrigation projects. Tobacco farmers derived most support from irrigation subsidies, including the cost of electrification, construction, and maintenance of irrigation equipment. Short-term loans at below market rates were used primarily for fertilizers, while medium-and long-term loans were used for irrigation equipment. Production credit was used primarily for the purchase of fertilizers. Despite a range of support, India's tobacco growers were taxed.
Between 1982 and 1987, the Japanese Government influenced tobacco production and trade decisions primarily through state controls. For example, the domestic market was controlled by a Government-owned monopoly called the Japanese Tobacco Corporation. Unmanufactured tobacco imports were restricted by regulations that required Japanese cigarettes to contain a certain amount of domestic tobacco. In addition, the importation of cigarettes was strictly
controlled by market impediments to protect domestic tobacco production. However, these restrictions were reduced in April 1987, and cigarette imports have increased substantially since that time.
In addition, other Government expenditures benefited tobacco production through programs such as rural electrification, land improvements, rural roads, research, extension, farmer pension plans, crop insurance, and disaster relief for farmers. In general, the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture's expenditures supporting tobacco production involved programs targeting agriculture as a whole, not tobacco specifically.
The Republic of Korea primarily supported the production of tobacco through a public tobacco and cigarette corporation known as the Office of Monopoly. This state controlled corporation provided input subsidies and technical and extension services, and controlled the trade of tobacco and tobacco products. The subsidies included fertilizer subsidies and low-interest loans for the purchase of curing equipment.
In addition, the monopoly purchased leaf tobacco at fixed prices and set export prices below domestic prices. Tobacco producers also benefited from Government distribution of hand tillers and investment in the agricultural infrastructure.
Although the effects of state trade and price controls on grower returns fluctuated between 1982 and 1987, they were the main source of government intervention. However, these effects were not equally shared by all tobacco growers. Korean flue-cured tobacco producers received small subsidies, while burley tobacco growers were effectively taxed by government policies.
The Turkish Government used a state monopoly (TEKEL), credit and fertilizer subsidies, and exchange rate controls to support domestic tobacco production. Support prices and minimum export prices were set by TEKEL, and tobacco imports were strictly controlled.
Prior to 1986, tobacco exports were taxed, and between 1986 and 1989 they were subsidized. The effect of the export tax was significant, but it was largely offset by input assistance and foreign exchange rate policies. Foreign exchange rates were influenced by the Government through exchange rate flexibility designed to enhance competitiveness.
The Turkish Government supported tobacco growers through general agricultural programs that supplied and regulated credit through the Agricultural Bank. Although fertilizer imports were taxed, retail subsidies were also provided. However, except in the eastern region, tobacco was produced in Turkey generally without the use of fertilizers.
Between 1982 and 1987, Government support for tobacco production in the United States was based on a price support/supply control program. Price supports are established by formula. Since 1986, the formulas for flue-cured and burley involved a 5-year moving average of prices and changes in a cost-of-production index. The Secretary of Agriculture has had the discretion to set the price support between 65 and 100 percent of the calculated yearly increase or decrease.
For other kinds of tobacco under the price support program, as with flue-cured and burley before 1986, price support levels have been based on changes in the parity index (prices paid by farmers). Producers were guaranteed a minimum price through several tobacco grower stabilization cooperatives. If buyers do not bid more than the guaranteed minimum prices, the cooperatives acquire the tobacco and it serves as collateral for a loan from the Commodity Credit Corporation. In addition, tariffs apply on tobacco, but at relatively low rates; a drawback provision largely rebates the tariffs.
Marketing quotas were an important part of the overall program. The amount of tobacco which could be marketed without a severe penalty was restricted. Beginning in 1986, the quotas for flue-cured and burley tobaccos were based on a formula that consisted of manufacturers' intended purchases, exports, and loan stocks.
Prior to 1982, losses on the storage and disposal of tobacco loan stocks were borne by the taxpayer. The No Net Cost Tobacco Program Act of 1982 authorized an assessment from growers to finance any losses from sales of loan stocks. In 1985, the assessments were extended to buyers, as well as producers, of flue-cured and burley tobacco.
In addition to the tobacco program, tobacco producers are eligible for various programs designed for rural America. These programs included low interest loans, investment tax credit (before 1986), crop insurance, and research and extension services. Intervention activities such as input subsidies, long-term support, taxation and state programs have relatively little impact on flue-cured and burley producers.
Zimbabwe was unusual among tobacco producing nations in that only minor levels of intervention were evident. Most of this support was in the form of research and extension services to small farmers. However, the Government banned importation of tobacco and tobacco products between 1982 and 1987. The overall effect of Government policies on producer returns was minor.
Tobacco in Zimbabwe was produced primarily on large plantation farms. All aspects of production assistance to these producers were provided by the producers themselves through the Zimbabwe Tobacco Association (ZTA). Contributions to ZTA were used to fund research and extension services and assistance in the marketing of tobacco. The ZTA occasionally announced voluntary production controls to increase prices.
The variations among the nations examined provide a good indication of the difficulties that arise in measuring and comparing the levels of intervention in tobacco trade and production. In many cases the mixture of government policies and programs simultaneously taxes and subsidizes tobacco growers. Thus, the elimination of all government intervention would not necessarily lead to production and trade solutions.
Furthermore, price-quality differences were not considered in this article, but are recognized as playing a major role in the allocation of tobacco market shares. However, even when it is clear that a nation's world market share might increase, as in a case where production controls are lifted, it is not clear that growers would benefit.
For example, lower prices caused by expanded production in a market with inelastic retail demand would lead to lower total revenues, and also lower profits if production costs did not also decline. Thus, while the mix of policies and programs that influence the production and marketing decisions of tobacco producers is complex and often conflicting, the dismantling of trade barriers would likely occur gradually because of trade commitments, product blends, tastes, alternative crops, and other factors. [Table B-1 Omitted]
(2)A thorough discussion of government intervention measures and their use can be found in "Government Intervention in Agriculture: Measurement, Evaluation, and Implications for Trade Negotiations," U.S. Department of Agriculture, ERS Foreign Agricultural Economic Report No. 229 (1987). A detailed examination of the issues related to tobacco trade in multilateral trade negotiations under the aegis of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is contained in "The World Tobacco Market – Government Intervention and Multilateral Policy Reform," U.S. Department of Agriculture, ERS Staff Report No. AGES 9014 (1990).
(1)Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
1. Cahill, C., and W. Legg. "Estimation of Agricultural Assistance Using Producer and Consumer Subsidy Equivalents: Theory and Practice," OCED Economic Studies, No. 13: 13-43, Winter 1989-90.
2. Coady, Sean, and Greg Pompelli, "Government Intervention in Tobacco Trade Among Major Tobacco Trading Nations." University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station Research Report. 1991 (forthcoming).
3. Grise, V. "The World Tobacco Market – Government Intervention and Multilateral Policy Reform," Staff Report No. AGES 9014. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Commodity Economics Division, February 1990.
4. Peters, G.H. "The Interpretation and Use of Producer Subsidy Equivalents," Oxford Agrarian Studies 17: 25-37, 1988.
5. U.S. Department of Agriculture, International Economics Division and National Economics Division. "Government Intervention in Agriculture: Measurement, Evaluation, and Implications for Trade Negotiations," Foreign Agricultural Economic Report No. 229. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, April 1987.
COPYRIGHT 1991 For more information, contact US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Phone: 1-800-999-6779 (8:30-5:00 ET).
Posted in:Situation and Outlook Report: Tobacco
Despite economic gloom, vendors expect a good show
Product Survey: Grinders
Tobacco: U.S. exports and imports – exports of unmanufactured tobacco expected to fall for July 1990-June 1991, but U.S. exports for second half of 1991 may exceed previous year's due to tightening world supply, increased U.S
U.S. exports and imports – exports of unmanufactured tobacco expected to fall for July 1990-June 199…
Tobacco: Flue-cured – flue-cured tobacco supply 1974 through 1991, price, foreign flue-cured production and sales
Flue-cured – flue-cured tobacco supply 1974 through 1991, price, foreign flue-cured production and s…
Tobacco: U.S. tobacco leaf situation and outlook – efforts to eliminate unauthorized pesticides continue; program on nested tobacco continues; 1992 marketing quotas and price supports
U.S. tobacco leaf situation and outlook – efforts to eliminate unauthorized pesticides continue; pro…
Tobacco: Flue-cured – yields below that for 1990; prices higher in 1991 because price supports are up, supplies are tight and quality is good; loan receipts near last season; disappearance higher in 1990/91; supplies decline
Tobacco: Dark air-cured – domestic use and exports down for dark air-cured tobacco; supplies likely to decline


This item was published in the NT Sun on Tuesday 12 February under the heading Teachers under fire.
A lot has been said and written about the need for teachers to be professionals who meet an expanding raft of the developmental needs of students. Educational expectations held for teachers seem to be constantly expanding.
Teaching is more minutely inspected by the community than any other profession. It seems greater responsibility for the bringing up and development of children is placed on teachers and schools rather than on parents and homes. It has become the done thing for some parents and primary caregivers when things go wrong for children, to vent their displeasure on teachers.
Stories from media outlets within the Territory and around Australia are increasingly reporting on matters of teacher abuse. The way in which the personality and character of teachers can be misrepresented and maligned is extremely alarming.
Expectations held of teachers from selection and training through to their delivery of educational outcomes in the classroom, are subject to increasing scrutiny. However, respect for them in personal and professional terms seems to be diminishing.
I believe that teachers are at times reluctant to report matters of bullying behaviour to school leaders because they may be considered as not able to manage unpleasant situations. Contract, limited tenure and relief staff particularly, may feel that raising the issue will adversely affect their future employment opportunities.
It may well be that some school principals, who are on end-dated contracts, feel the same way about reporting these matters to the department. The Teachers Union maintains that a significant number of teacher bullying incidents go unreported.
Most parents are people who develop respectful relationships with their children's teachers. However, the actions of the minority referred to in recent reports, negatively misrepresent that majority. Bullying and abusive behaviour should be consigned to history.


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It appears that rising interest rates have had little impact on the UK property market, as the British Bankers Association has revealed that mortgage lending in July 2007 increased by £13.6bn. The figure is almost exactly in line with the previous six-month average of £13.7bn and represents a slight increase from June's increase of £13.1bn.
July's increase is not what the organization expected, with BBA chief statistics officer David Dooks admitting the increase was "surprising" after the cumulative effect of recent interest rate hikes. He added: "The steady growth in UK home lending despite five interest rate increases highlights the popularity of home ownership," but Dooks also noted that much of the advanced total figure could be due to the remortgage activity as homeowners seal the property. rate offers to minimize the impact of interest rate hikes.
Those five increases over the last year have prompted many homeowners who currently have fixed-rate deals due to frantically compare mortgages currently available on the market in an effort to find one that will ease the rate increases. Homeowners with a £100,000 mortgage currently on fixed-rate deals taken out two years ago could face a bba monthly increase in the region of £200 per month if they were to move to the variable standard rate; therefore, the need to find a new discount or fixed rate mortgage is proving quite critical for many families. That immediate need is what most experts believe is driving the current mortgage boom.
The Council for Mortgage Lending (CML) recently announced that total gross mortgage lending reached a new record for the month of July at £34.4bn, reflecting the trend highlighted in the BBA figures. The CML readily admits that they attribute the buoyancy of the market to the remortgage effect and do not expect the fall numbers to be that high. Despite that, the CML is still predicting a record £360 billion in home loans for the year ending 2007. That's at least partly due to the fact that more and more fixed-rate mortgages [http:/ /www.moneynet.co .uk/mortgages/index.shtml] will return to the standard variable rate in the coming months.
However, the Royal Institute of Surveyors (RICS) has noted that recent volatility in global markets, including the collapse of the US subprime mortgage market. The organization's chief economist, Simon Rubinsohn, warned: "With 90% of borrowers currently opting for fixed-rate deals, those already financially strained will pay an even higher price for peace of mind."
So even though home lending is still at record levels, it's mostly because homeowners are looking for new fixed-rate remortgage deals. It appears that interest rate increases designed to slow the economy are having the desired effect, even if they take time to work their way through the system.
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