text:
Near Eastern and Judaic Studies
The Feminist Sexual Ethics Project
Slavery, Sexuality and Religion
Sexual Assault, Race, and Difference
Jewish Sexual Ethics
Christian Sexual Ethics
Muslim Sexual Ethics
Beyond Slavery
Explore the Conference
Conference Slideshow
Explore the Conference by Subject
Slavery in Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Scripture and Religious Law
Christianity, Religion of the Slaveholders and the Enslaved
Sexual Assault and Exploitation Under U.S. Slavery and Jim Crow
How Slavery Has Shaped Our Understandings of Marriage and Friendship
Slavery, Violence, and the State
A Response By A Formerly Enslaved Woman
Artistic Responses to Slavery
FSEP > Conferences > Beyond Slavery > Presenters >
Kecia Ali
Kecia Ali received her Ph.D. in Religion (Islamic Studies) from Duke University in 2002. From 2001-2003, she worked with the Feminist Sexual Ethics Project at Brandeis University, writing about women and gender in Islamic texts and Muslim communities. Before returning to Brandeis to take up her current position as a Postdoctoral Fellow in Islamic Studies and Women's Studies, she spent a year at Harvard Divinity School's Women's Studies in Religion Program as a research associate and visiting lecturer. She is the author of the forthcoming book Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur'an, Hadith, and Jurisprudence (Oneworld, 2006) and is completing a book on marriage in early Islamic jurisprudence. She contributed an article to the anthology Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism and has published in a variety of magazines and journals.
The Feminist Sexual Ethics Project | 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453 | (781) 736-3228


Gynecomastia, a condition of over-developed or enlarged breasts in men, is fairly common in men of any age, though it is most often present in teens and in men over 50. It can be the result of hormonal changes, heredity conditions, disease or the use of certain drugs.
Gynecomastia can cause emotional discomfort and impair self-confidence. Some men may even avoid certain physical activities and intimacy simply to hide their condition.


text:
New Zealand Education Facts
The school system is designed according to a British model and it has been compulsory to attend school since 1877. Today, compulsory schooling for children between six and 16 years of age prevails. Almost everyone starts school at the age of five and most go to school for 13 years.
Many students attend a school near where they live. Schools generally have to guarantee a place for the children living in their catchment areas. The school is free of charge, but parents often have to pay various other fees.
COUNTRYAAH: Country facts of New Zealand, including geography profile, population statistics, and business data.
The individual schools have great responsibility for the content of the education and the distribution of the school's resources. In the school boards, representatives of the students' parents have a great influence. Religious instruction is optional. Several former private schools have been incorporated into the state school system. The vast majority of these so-called state-integrated schools are Catholic. There are also private schools where tuition is charged.
The Maoris have had the right to attend school for over 100 years, but for a long time no account was taken of their culture and language. Today, all children in the low school stage learn something about Maori culture and history and in more and more schools you can choose to read the Maori language. During the 1980s, schools, kura koopapa maori, were set up with teaching only in this language. Moorish culture and history can also be studied at university level. Few Maori children go on to higher education and still spend an average of fewer years in school than other New Zealand children.
There are eight state universities, as well as several teacher colleges and about 20 technical institutes. Auckland University is the largest, and Otaga University (in Dunedin on the South Island) the oldest. The universities are allocated grants in proportion to the number of students and the courses they read. The Government has prioritized higher education, for example through special investments in research.
Many students are referred to take special student loans. Students pay about a third of the study costs themselves. The study funding system has led to many students receiving high debts that they find difficult to repay, and educated New Zealanders have left the country for better paid jobs abroad. The criticism of the expensive student loans has led to former students living in New Zealand now having to pay interest on their student loans.
In the mid-2010s, the government allocated 18 percent of government spending to the education sector.
Andyeducation: Introduction to education system in New Zealand, including compulsory schooling and higher education.
Parliament adopts legislation to reduce child poverty
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern presented a bill on combating child poverty in January 2018. Now all parties support the law, with only one MP voting against. The law establishes how poverty among children should be measured and sets goals for how it is to be combated.
Record high increase in minimum wage
From April 2019, the minimum wage will be raised from $ 16.50 to $ 17.70 per hour. Over two hundred thousand workers will benefit from the increase in the minimum wage, which is the highest single increase to date. The Labor-led coalition government promised when it took office in 2017 to raise the minimum wage from $ 15.75 to $ 20 in 2021.
Over 100,000 cows will be thinned out
The government and those responsible for agriculture have decided to have 126,000 cows killed to stop Mycoplasma bovis disease. It can, among other things, cause respiratory tract infections in cows. New Zealand is the first country in the world to carry out a mass slaughter to try to eradicate the disease.
The government is investing in welfare in the first budget
The government presents a budget in which over 4 billion New Zealand dollars are to be spent on extra health care investments, including hospital renovations. The government also wants to give extra money, 1.6 billion New Zealand dollars, to the education sector to, among other things, recruit new teachers.
New Zealand stops oil and gas drilling at sea
As a way to further protect the climate and to live up to commitments in the climate agreement, the government announces that it will put a stop to exploration for oil and gas at sea. However, the drilling already underway will not be affected.
Pacific free trade agreement clear
New Zealand, together with ten other countries, signs the Free Trade Agreement (CPTPP) (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Parthership). The agreement is also called TPP-11 and is a slightly revised version of TPP (see Foreign Trade). The changes are a result of the US withdrawing from the TPP before it came into force. The CPTPP is presented as a counter to the anti-free-trade policy pursued by US President Donald Trump.
New leaders for the Nationalist Party
Simon Bridges becomes new leader of the Nationalist Party. The 41-year-old Bridges is Maori as is the new deputy leader Paula Bennet.
Investigation of abuse against cared for children
A so-called royal commission is set up by the government to investigate whether abuses have been committed against children and young people in state orphanages, hospitals, youth prisons etc.. The period to be examined by the Commission is 1950-1999. Interior Minister Tracey Martin says the investigation will not least focus on how Maoris, which made up a large proportion of the children who have been taken care of, have been affected.
Prime Minister Ardern is expecting children
Jacinda Ardern announces on social media that she will have children in June. She will become the second female head of state ever, after Pakistan's Benazir Bhutto 1990, who gives birth to children while she is prime minister. During the six weeks she will be on parental leave, the Deputy Prime Minister, NZF leader Winston Peters, will take over the post of head of government.
Private Accommodation for Studying in New Zealand
New Zealand Entry Requirements
New Zealand Politics, Population and Geography
Taupo, New Zealand Travel Information
Nelson, New Zealand Travel Information
New Zealand Travel Information
Christchurch, New Zealand Travel Information
Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey at New…
Education, Oceania New Zealand
← Netherlands Education Facts
Nicaragua Education Facts →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Final thoughts (and predictions) for the U.S. presidential election
November 5, 2012 Kevin Lees	Leave a comment
The state of the race
Of course, tomorrow's election, in what's still arguably the world's most powerful country, will have huge implications for world politics — U.S. foreign policy obviously runs from the occupant of the Oval Office (more so than domestic policy), and with U.S. secretary of state Hillary Clinton stepping down in either case, the election result will determine the next top U.S. diplomat. So it seemed natural to pull together some brief thoughts for Suffragio on election eve.
Nate Silver's final post at FiveThirtyEight before tomorrow's U.S. general election gives incumbent Barack Obama (pictured above, below with vice president Joe Biden at left) a 92.2% chance of winning. I'm not so sure, but InTrade has Obama with 67.2% odds of winning. National polls are essentially tied, with some giving either Obama a narrow edge or his challenger, former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney (pictured below), a slight edge. State polls in swing states give Obama slight edges — the winner must win 270 out of 528 electoral votes (i.e., the presidential election is essentially 50 separate state contests — each state has a number of electoral votes ranging from three (the smallest states) to 55 (California).
Most notably of all, go read Foreign Policy's compendium of its best 2012 U.S. presidential election coverage, which is stellar as usual.
In terms of coverage, I'll list favorite / obligatory pundits below:
Follow Slate's Dave Weigel here.
Follow Time's Mark Halperin here.
Follow National Review's The Corner here.
Follow Andrew Sullivan's Daily Dish blog here.
Follow Matt Drudge here.
Follow Chris Cillizza's Washington Post blog here.
Follow Ezra Klein's policy blog at the Washington Post here.
Polls close between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m. ET in Ohio, Virginia, Florida and other key states in the Electoral College, so we should have a relatively good idea of who's won the presidency Tuesday night — unless the contest comes down to one state, likely Ohio, and that state is as close as Florida was in 2000, when we might not know the winner for a month or longer!
Don't forget Puerto Rico elections
Although it's a U.S. commonwealth, Puerto Rico will also go to the polls to select a governor, where incumbent Luis Fortuño (a Republican supporter) of the pro-statehood Partido Nuevo Progresista de Puerto Rico (the PNP, New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico) narrowly leads Alejandro García Padilla of the pro-commonwealth/status quo Partido Popular Democrático de Puerto Rico (the PPD, Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico). Fortuño has cut Puerto Rico's budget since taking office in 2009 and has nearly brought the island from deficit to surplus. Nonetheless, economic growth has been elusive and while the unemployment rate has fallen, it's still around 15%. If Fortuño loses his race, but Romney wins, there's a strong chance that Fortuño could be asked to take a position — or even a Cabinet-level post — in a Romney administration.
Puerto Rico will also hold yet another referendum on statehood in two parts: whether they are satisfied with Puerto Rico's current status as a 'commonwealth,' and if not, whether they would prefer U.S. statehood, full independence or a confusing 'sovereign associated state' status.
With four million people, if Puerto Rico were independent, it would be the fourth-most populous country in the Caribbean, after Cuba, Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
So now on to my own prediction.
We know the outcome of most states. Obama will almost certainly win California, New York (29 electoral votes), Illinois (20 electoral votes), New Jersey (14 electoral votes), Washington (12 electoral votes) and Romney's Massachusetts (11 electoral votes), among others, and he is leading in Pennsylvania (20 electoral votes) and Michigan (16 electoral votes), both of which voted for Al Gore in 2000 and John Kerry in 2004, despite their loss in the wider Electoral College.
Romney will almost certainly win Texas (38 electoral votes), Georgia (16 electoral votes), and a swath of smaller states in the Old Confederacy South, the Great Plains states, and much of the Mountain West states.
The actual popular vote tally of all 50 states doesn't matter, so I will whiff and say it's too close to call — Hurricane Sandy may well depress voter turnout in Delaware, New Jersey and New York, but those states are solidly in favor of Obama.
For the electoral vote, my final prediction is Obama 276, Romney 262:
Obama wins Colorado (nine electoral votes) on the strength of Latino/a voters throughout the state, and it's possible that the free-market liberal (and socially liberal) Libertarian party candidate, former New Mexico governor Gary Johnson will win enough votes from small-government conservatives to depress Romney's totals.
Obama wins Nevada (six electoral votes) on the strength of U.S. senator (and Senate majority leader) Harry Reid's local turnout machine, based on casino unions in Clark County.
Obama wins Ohio (18 electoral votes) on the strength of urban voters in Columbus, Cincinnati and Cleveland, but especially in northern Ohio, where he'll get credit for the 2009 auto bailout and Romney's stumbles on the issue.
Romney wins North Carolina (15 electoral votes) — this was always a stretch for Obama, given he only narrowly won this state in 2008 by 0.8%, and former Charlotte mayor Pat McCrory, who seems set to become the first Republican to win the governor's mansion here since Jim Martin left office in 1993.
Romney wins Florida (29 electoral votes), and though it will be very close, it will largely comprise the same coalition of voters that won the U.S. senator race for Marco Rubio and the governor's race for Rick Scott in 2010 and capitalize on senior's fears about the health care reform enacted in 2010 by the Obama administration.
Romney wins Virginia (13 electoral votes), though I am even less sure about this one. I am sure that as northern Virginia continues to grow, Virginia will become an increasingly reliable Democratic state in presidential elections in 2016 and 2020, and I am fairly certain former Democratic governor Tim Kaine will win a tough Senate race there against former Republican governor George Allen.
Romney wins New Hampshire (four electoral votes) because his organization is strong here after executing a flawless Republican primary win here in January, he's from neighboring Massachusetts, and it's the most Republican-leaning state in New England (Bush nearly won it in 2004, for example).
Romney wins Wisconsin (10 electoral votes), despite the fact that it hasn't voted for a Republican since 1984. Wisconsin congressman Paul Ryan's presence on the ticket as Romney's vice presidential candidate helps, as does the June 2012 recall vote against controversial governor Scott Walker, which allowed Republicans to mobilize a strong organization in opposition to the traditionally union-strong Democratic organization.
In short, I expect it's going to be a damn close-run thing, though the leads in each state's polls are so narrow that I could see either candidate winning 330 electoral votes if the turnout gap is high enough.
Although I won't get into too many details, I predict that the Republicans will hold the U.S. House of Representatives, the lower chamber of the U.S. Congress, while the Democrats will retain (narrowly) the U.S. Senate, the upper chamber. That prediction is in line with most other predictions, though, so there's nothing incredibly courageous about it. A strong Republican showing, however, in enough states, could tilt the Senate away from the Democrats, though.
clintondemocratic partydemocratsfortunogary johnsonobamaohiopuerto ricorepublican partyrepublicansromneysecretary of state
Previous PostFirst Past the Post: November 5Next PostFirst Past the Post: November 6


Provides access to phyloinformatic data in 'NeXML' format. The package should add new functionality to R such as the possibility to manipulate 'NeXML' objects in more various and refined way and compatibility with 'ape' objects.
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RNeXML to link to this page.


For Membership Application, please click here to down load the application form.
Check should be made out to Eastchester Tuckahoe Chamber of Commerce.
Alternatively you can pay via Pay Pal by going to Membership Dues section in the drop down menu.


text:
Q: Can you configure the App Inbox to retrieve inbox messages from after a certain date? We are implementing the SFMC SDK in order to use MobilePush and are successfully receiving alerts and inbox messages. We have a requirement to have the ability to only retrieve messages of a certain age ex. only retrieve messages that are less than 1 month old.
Is it possible to tell configure the SDK to do this? Looking at the InboxMessageManager interface and functions such as getMessages, getReadMessages and getUnreadMessages, I see no parameter or other option to configure the retrieval of messages after a certain date.

A: Use Kotlin's filter (ref. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/collection-filtering.html)
SFMCSdk.requestSdk { sdk ->
  sdk.mp { push ->
    val messages = push.inboxMessageManager.messages.filter { it.startDateUtc?.after(Date("1/1/1970")) ?: true /* Add message if startDateUtc is null? */ }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Our client,a leading oil & gas company, is recruiting Sr.Process Engineer located in Abu Dhabi. Requirements : Should be a graduate in chemical Engineering.
Should have 20 years experience in oil & gas field, preferably in offshore / PMC.


Personalized online coaching by the Caveman himself.
Your parents determined which genes you bring to the game, but I'm not here to grow champions. Sure, winning is/was!? my expertise, but my passion is helping people make the most of their talents, goals and time, which enables them to enjoy the sport and life in general.
With this exclusive package I write a 100% custom-made programme for you personally every week. Taking into account your past week's training and life stress, upcoming goals and the like. I also factor in time constraints and your work/travel/family schedule. I am a firm believer in a balanced, happy lifestyle – which is when I performed at my best.
As you can imagine this is intensive work, and therefore I will only be able to take on a limited number of athletes.
There are 2 options, they are both of the level of personal care I feel comfortable to put my name to.
Custom made training & racing kit, free and discounted product from my sponsors, an instructional video library and Adventure Training Camps in exotic locations planned.
10x XTERRA USA Series Champion.
53 XTERRA Global race victories.
Off road Triathlete, Non drafting road triathlete, ITU style athlete, Mountain Bike racer & Time Trialist.
Competed in over 1000 races.
Professional Triathlete for 23 years.
Husband to Liezel, dad to baby Zena.
Pre ride XTERRA Grabouw route with the Caveman. Learn stuff. Share a laugh and a dip in the dam.
Where: Grabouw Country Club gate.
Room for 3 people & bikes in my bakkie, leaving from Caveman Cafe Stellenbosch at 1pm.
"A wet shoe is a heavy shoe." Running long distances in high temperatures is part & parcel of triathlon. We pour water over our bodies and stuff ice in our clothes to keep cool. Which means running "squich squash" in wet, heavy shoes. The new Altra Impulse is designed to let water drain quickly- resulting in lighter, drier shoes. Of course Altra's key technologies – Zero Drop and FootShape Toe box remain.
Click link for more info on Altra Impulse.
Great for Ironman and 70.3 triathlons.


text:
Sebastian Seifert (* 12. Dezember 1978 in Ystad) ist ein schwedischer Handballtrainer und ein ehemaliger Handballspieler. Seine Körperlänge beträgt 1,90 m.

Sportliche Laufbahn
Seifert, der für den schwedischen Club Ystads IF HF spielte und für die schwedische Nationalmannschaft auflief, wurde meist auf der Rückraummitte eingesetzt.

Sebastian Seifert begann beim IFK Ystad, für den auch schon sein Vater Roy aufgelaufen war, mit dem Handballspiel. Für Ystad debütierte er auch in der ersten schwedischen Liga. 2000 wechselte er zum dänischen Spitzenclub KIF Kolding, wo er 2001 und 2002 die dänische Meisterschaft sowie 2002 den dänischen Pokal gewann. In der Saison 2002/2003 spielte er für den TuS Nettelstedt-Lübbecke, kehrte aber nach nur einer Saison zurück zu Kolding. Dort gewann er 2005, 2006 und 2009 drei weitere Meisterschaften sowie 2005 und 2007 zwei weitere Pokale. Im Sommer 2009 wechselte er zu Ystad IF. Im März 2013 musste er aufgrund einer Verletzung seine Karriere beenden. Im Sommer 2013 übernahm er das Co-Traineramt bei Ystad IF. Von April 2014 bis zum Saisonende 2016/17 war Seifert als Trainer von Ystad IF tätig. Im Januar 2018 übernahm Seifert das Traineramt von HIF Karlskrona, den er bis zum Saisonende 2017/18 trainierte. 2019 wurde er Trainer von IFK Ystad HK.

Sebastian Seifert hat 103 Länderspiele für die schwedische Nationalmannschaft bestritten. Für die Handball-Weltmeisterschaft der Herren 2007 in Deutschland konnte er sich mit Schweden allerdings nicht qualifizieren.

Seifert hat deutsche Vorfahren. Seine Großeltern stammen aus Berlin und wanderten 1950 nach Schweden aus.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Handballtrainer (Schweden)
Handballnationalspieler (Schweden)
Handballspieler (TuS N-Lübbecke)
Rückraumspieler
Dänischer Meister (Handball)
Schwede
Geboren 1978
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Permanent Record
Shipping Special! 📣 All in-stock book orders ship for just $1 via USPS.
Our Collective
As a queer, feminist collective we feature books and events that reflect our interests, and the needs of marginalized communities in the South. We strive to promote exploration and encounter by maintaining a welcoming, sober, and anti-oppressive space. Ⓐ Ⓔ Ⓥ
Anti-Oppression Statement
Sober Space Statement
Space Use Statement
Patron Saint Voltairine
Sustainers Program
We Back Books! Campaign
Book Collection Programs
On Our Continued Closure
Many people seem surprised by our extended, unbroken closure of almost ten months. With the recent surge in COVID-19 cases and attention on local conflict between small business management and workers, we wanted to share a little bit about that decision.
Subscribe (via iCal)
Schedule Your Own
Instead of a Book
Gift Certificates 💰
💣 Anarchism? Start Here.
🎁 Beautiful Giftables
😭 Books To Make You Cry
🌈 Feel-Good Queer Stories
US Domestic Politics
By Edward Snowden
Edward Snowden, the man who risked everything to expose the US government's system of mass surveillance, reveals for the first time the story of his life, including how he helped to build that system and what motivated him to try to bring it down.
In 2013, twenty-nine-year-old Edward Snowden shocked the world when he broke with the American intelligence establishment and revealed that the United States government was secretly pursuing the means to collect every single phone call, text message, and email. The result would be an unprecedented system of mass surveillance with the ability to pry into the private lives of every person on earth. Six years later, Snowden reveals for the very first time how he helped to build this system and why he was moved to expose it.
Spanning the bucolic Beltway suburbs of his childhood and the clandestine CIA and NSA postings of his adulthood, Permanent Record is the extraordinary account of a bright young man who grew up online—a man who became a spy, a whistleblower, and, in exile, the Internet's conscience. Written with wit, grace, passion, and an unflinching candor, Permanent Record is a crucial memoir of our digital age and destined to be a classic.
Picador (9/1/20)
Suggested Companions
Culture Warlords: My Journey Into the Dark Web of White Supremacy
By Talia Lavin
Assata: An Autobiography
By Angela Y. Davis
By Imani Perry
Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous
By Gabriella Coleman
Every day: 11am to 3pm
610 Haywood Rd, Asheville NC
Ordering & Privacy
Our Co-operative
Collective News


There are a lot of basic kinds of angles, based on their size. It is a part of a full circle. Measuring angle is likewise a significant part this calendar year's work in addition to calculating angles from given information. Within this website, you will discover the complementary and supplementary angles worksheet free. Discuss alternate methods for locating the missing angles since there are often other means of finding them. If you prefer to practice what you learned about angles thus far, please don't hesitate to use the math worksheets below. Angles that lie on both sides of a typical arm are believed to be adjacent.
The protractor will appear and you will be in a position to create an angle of your choice. It can also be used to draw angles. You will use a protractor for a number of areas of math later on.
A degree is the 360th portion of a complete rotation. The students will have to earn a new angle estimator for degrees. 1 student makes a quantity of turn working with the angle estimator and tells the sum of turn to their partner. The student is not able to learn the measure of the reflex angle. Objectives Students will have the ability to estimate and measure angles.
Presently, it's an ideal chance to talk about the system that's used for the angle of the gauge. For that reason, it's important that we begin with it in the correct spot. In the end, time is money and you desire to minimize employees wasting time at work in order for your business can acquire successfully. It's almost not possible to go through life without encountering angles or needing to use some knowledge about them. Your work will be better. There are several ways you're ready to go about scheduling deep work. Your tasks are automatically mapped into your day-to-day calendar so that you understand precisely what things to work on and when.
Introduce to the students to some other unit for measuring a quantity of turn known as the degree. Be aware that students ought to be able to specify whether the turns must be measured clockwise or anticlockwise. Probably the main point is to supervise children closely whenever they're writing. The answer key indicates the proper answer provided by the question. In the event you have questions, don't be afraid to call. There are 3 large concerns, actually. Instructional Implications Introduce the idea of an angle bisector.
Make sure you make the exact same style as your kid is using at school to stop from making handwriting more complicated for them! In this instance, you will require a comprehensive set of puzzles for each group. There are various ways of joining the pieces so I'll leave that your decision. Even though the sheets within this section are geared toward the 5th grade, they could easily be employed by older children. Although they are aimed at 4th grade, they could easily be used by older children.
Worksheets permit users many distinctive and common methods to sort and filter endless amounts of information. Reading a Protractor Worksheets These Angles Worksheets are ideal for practicing reading and with a protractor to measure unique angles. This Angles Worksheet is excellent for teaching the appropriate nomenclature to spot angles and sides of angles. These worksheets require students to check at an angle and identify whether it's correct, acute or obtuse. Angle worksheets cover virtually all facets of angle topics in geometry. It's also viable to produce your own worksheets that you will need to have the ability to satisfy your learners' requirements. There are additionally some worksheets which explore the properties of a wide selection of 2d shapes.
Related Posts of "Measuring Angles with A Protractor Worksheet"


text:
CityProfile.com Forum - Local City and State Discussion Forums > United States City Forums > Massachusetts > Boston
Death by Molasses
Register Members Gallery Search Today's Posts Mark Forums Read Log in
Keizer, OR
Posts: 4,365 | Kudos: +124
Death by Molasses in Boston: The Great Molasses Flood of 1919 - Associated Content from Yahoo! - associatedcontent.com
Eric Postpischil's Molasses Disaster Pages
Boston Molasses Disaster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
There were a lot of rotten ways to pass away in 1919, but who could have expected one of them to involve death by a molasses flood? You could be killed by the influenza epidemic that was sweeping the globe, die from
infections that today are easily handled, or be drown in the Great Molasses Flood in Boston's North End. That's right. You read correctly. On January 15th, 1919, a huge tank that stored tons and tons of molasses burst and sent a wall of molasses at thirty-five miles an hour tearing down the streets, drowning, crushing, and asphyxiating people and animals in its path. When all was said and done, twenty one people were dead and millions in property damage had been done, by none other than molasses in January.
Prohibition was right around the corner; it was passed the next day in fact, and molasses was used to produce, among other things, ethyl alcohol. The Purity Distilling Company, seeing Prohibition's handwriting on the wall, sold out to United States Industrial Alcohol in 1917, and the company stored molasses in the huge tanks that the Purity Company had, to be turned into legal industrial alcohol. One such tank, recently filled to the brim with about 2.3 million gallons of molasses, stood in Boston's North End near the harbor. The molasses tank stood 58 feet tall and was 90 feet in diameter. The tank had been built there because the neighborhood was mostly full of Italian immigrants, not yet US citizens, who had very little political clout to stop such a project. At the time, such a monstrosity did not even require a permit to build. From the beginnings, this molasses tank was known to leak, but the company did little to insure it was safe.
The weather had been very cold prior to the 15th, but on that day the thermometer took a decided upwards turn, topping out at forty degrees. The exact reason for the molasses tank's rupture was never decided proven,
but the expansion of too much molasses in it due to the unusually warm weather was one theory. Another is that the tank was blown up by Italian anarchists, but that one was proposed by the company that owned the molasses tanks while they were trying to get out of the resulting lawsuits. Bombings by anarchists at the time were not uncommon, but the over 3,000 witnesses that later testified during the lawsuits did not support this contention. Poor construction and subsequent haphazard inspections of the molasses tank were also brought up, but no matter what the reason, at about half past noon, the tank basically exploded, sending molasses that had been fermenting everywhere.
The tank gave way with a dull roar; it seemed to rise a bit and then go to pieces, with rivets and bolts shooting off like rifle fire. Down the cobblestone streets came a fifteen foot high wall of brown death. The molasses flood engulfed and crushed everything in its path. Two children playing near the tank were engulfed and died almost instantly. The molasses flood tore down the street and broke the girders supporting the elevated train tracks. Laborers working in the area were trapped and drowned by the wave, which could not be outrun. Horses became mired in it; dozens would be mercifully shot when rescuers realized there was no chance to free them. By the time the molasses flood had run its course, there was a three foot deep layer of the sticky, brown syrup everywhere in the area.
The death toll rose from the molasses flood as new victims were found days later during the clean-up until it stood at twenty-one. Hundreds more were injured in the molasses flood. The awful job of getting rid of this molasses, which soon hardened, would literally take years; some say that the molasses smell lingered on for nearly three decades after the disaster. Fire boats would hose down the streets with salt water and then they were covered with sand to try to quell the molasses smell. Sightseers tracked the molasses all over the city. The lawsuits that followed from victims and their families took six years to be resolved. The anarchist bomb theory of why the molasses tank blew up was presented but in the end the company was held responsible for shoddy construction and lax inspections of the molasses tank. Industrial Alcohol paid out almost a million dollars in settlements.
Where the giant molasses tank once stood there is now a children's park. Nothing is there to indicate that horrific death and destruction came down these streets in the form of a molasses flood so long ago. But some locals say that on a very hot day in Boston's North End, you can still detect the faint odor of molasses.
I'll believe corporations are persons when Texas executes one.: LBJ's Ghost
Boston Molasses Disaster
Aftermath of the disaster; photo by Globe Newspaper Co. (Boston Public Library)
The Boston Molasses Disaster, also known as the Great Molasses Flood and the Great Boston Molasses Tragedy, occurred on January 15, 1919, in the North End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts in the United States. A large molasses storage tank burst, and a wave of molasses rushed through the streets at an estimated 35 mph (56 km/h), killing 21 and injuring 150. The event has entered local folklore, and residents claim that on hot summer days, the area still smells of molasses.
Coverage from The Boston Post
Modern downtown Boston with molasses flood area circled
The disaster occurred at the Purity Distilling Company facility on January 15, 1919, an unusually warm day for January (40˚ F, 4.4˚ C). At the time, molasses was the standard sweetener in the United States. Molasses can also be fermented to produce rum and ethyl alcohol, the active ingredient in other alcoholic beverages and a key component in the manufacturing of munitions at the time.[2] The stored molasses was awaiting transfer to the Purity plant situated between Willow Street and what is now named Evereteze Way, in Cambridge.
Near Keany Square,[3] at 529 Commercial Street, a huge molasses tank 50 ft (15 m) tall, 90 ft (27 m) in diameter and containing as much as 2,300,000 US gal (8,700,000 L) collapsed. Witnesses stated that as it collapsed, there was a loud rumbling sound, like a machine gun as the rivets shot out of the tank, and that the ground shook as if a train were passing by.[4]
The collapse unleashed an immense wave of molasses between 8 and 15 ft (2.5 and 4.5 m) high, moving at 35 mph (56 km/h), and exerting a pressure of 2 ton/ft? (200 kPa).[5] The molasses wave was of sufficient force to break the girders of the adjacent Boston Elevated Railway's Atlantic Avenue structure and lift a train off the tracks. Nearby, buildings were swept off their foundations and crushed. Several blocks were flooded to a depth of 2 to 3 feet (60 to 90 cm). As described by author Stephen Puleo:
Molasses, waist deep, covered the street and swirled and bubbled about the wreckage. Here and there struggled a form — whether it was animal or human being was impossible to tell. Only an upheaval, a thrashing about in the sticky mass, showed where any life was... Horses died like so many flies on sticky fly-paper. The more they struggled, the deeper in the mess they were ensnared. Human beings — men and women — suffered likewise.[6]
The Boston Globe reported that people "were picked up by a rush of air and hurled many feet." Others had debris hurled at them from the rush of sweet-smelling air. A truck was picked up and hurled into Boston Harbor. Approximately 150 were injured; 21 people and several horses were killed — some were crushed and drowned by the molasses. The wounded included people, horses, and dogs; coughing fits became one of the most common ailments after the initial blast.
Anthony di Stasio, walking homeward with his sisters from the Michelangelo School, was picked up by the wave and carried, tumbling on its crest, almost as though he were surfing. Then he grounded and the molasses rolled him like a pebble as the wave diminished. He heard his mother call his name and couldn't answer, his throat was so clogged with the smothering goo. He passed out, then opened his eyes to find three of his sisters staring at him.
Detail of molasses flood area. 1. Purity Distilling molasses tank 2. Firehouse 31 (heavy damage) 3. Paving department and police station 4. Purity offices (flattened) 5. Copps Hill Terrace 6. Boston Gas Light building (damaged) 7. Purity warehouse (mostly intact) 8. Residential area (site of flattened Clougherty house)
First to the scene were 116 cadets under the direction of Lieutenant Commander H. J. Copeland from USS Nantucket, a training ship of the Massachusetts Nautical School (which is now the Massachusetts Maritime Academy), that was docked nearby at the playground pier.[3] They ran several blocks toward the accident. They worked to keep the curious from getting in the way of the rescuers while others entered into the knee-deep sticky mess to pull out the survivors. Soon the Boston Police, Red Cross, Army and other Navy personnel arrived. Some nurses from the Red Cross dove into the molasses, while others tended to the wounded, keeping them warm as well as keeping the exhausted workers fed. Many of these people worked through the night. The injured were so numerous that doctors and surgeons set up a makeshift hospital in a nearby building. Rescuers found it difficult to make their way through the syrup to help the victims. It took four days before they stopped searching for victims; many dead were so glazed over in molasses, they were hard to recognize.
It took over 87,000 man hours to remove the molasses from the cobblestone streets, theaters, businesses, automobiles, and homes.[6] The harbor was still brown with molasses until summer.
United States Industrial Alcohol did not rebuild the tank. The property became a yard for the Boston Elevated Railway (predecessor to the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority), and is currently the site of a city-owned baseball field.
Local residents brought a class-action lawsuit, one of the first held in Massachusetts, against the United States Industrial Alcohol Company (USIA), which had bought Purity Distilling in 1917. In spite of the company's attempts to claim that the tank had been blown up by anarchists[7] (because some of the alcohol produced was to be used in making munitions), a court-appointed auditor found USIA responsible after three years of hearings. United States Industrial Alcohol Company ultimately paid out $600,000 in out-of-court settlements (at least $6.6 million in 2005 dollars).[8]
Several factors that occurred on that day and the previous days might have contributed to the disaster. The tank was constructed poorly and tested insufficiently. Due to fermentation occurring within the tank, carbon dioxide production might have raised the internal pressure. The rise in local temperatures that occurred over the previous day also would have assisted in building this pressure. Records show that the air temperature rose from 2?F to 41?F (from −17?C to 5?C) over that period. The failure occurred from a manhole cover near the base of the tank, and it is possible that a fatigue crack there grew to the point of criticality. The hoop stress is greatest near the base of a filled cylindrical tank. The tank had only been filled to capacity eight times since it was built a few years previously, putting the walls under an intermittent, cyclical load.
An inquiry after the disaster revealed that Arthur Jell, who oversaw the construction, neglected basic safety tests, such as filling the tank with water to check for leaks. When filled with molasses, the tank leaked so badly that it was painted brown to hide the leaks. Local residents collected leaked molasses for their homes.[8]
An urban legend claims that the doomed tank might have been overfilled in late 1918 so that the owners could produce as much rum as possible before Prohibition came into effect. However, Purity Distilling did not make rum, but rather specialized in the production of industrial alcohol, which was exempt from the state prohibition laws in effect in 1919, and would later be exempted from the Volstead Act and other national Prohibition laws. While an urban legend, a recent television documentary, part of the Modern Marvels' Engineering Disasters sub-series, has recently argued that—even if there was no specific plan to make alcohol to beat Prohibition—there may have been some general idea of increasing the volume at the last minute so as to prepare in case alcohol prohibition might occur.
The sites of the molasses tank and the North End Paving Company have been turned into a recreational complex, officially named Langone Park, featuring a Little League ballfield, a playground, and bocce courts.[10] Immediately to the east is the larger Puopolo Park, with additional recreational facilities.[11]
A small plaque at the entrance to Puopolo Park, placed by the Bostonian Society, commemorates the disaster.[12] The plaque, entitled "Boston Molasses Flood", reads:
On January 15, 1919, a molasses tank at 529 Commercial Street exploded under pressure, killing 21 people. A 40-foot wave of molasses buckled the elevated railroad tracks, crushed buildings and inundated the neighborhood. Structural defects in the tank combined with unseasonably warm temperatures contributed to the disaster.
Drivers on Boston's Old Town Trolley and other tour services often read off accounts of the accident to their passengers, sometimes referring to it by the neologism "The Boston Molassacre"
Without Warning.....Molasses Pt. 1
Without Warning, Molasses in January Surged Over Boston
http://edp.org/molpark.htm
As the city was planning its heroes' welcome for sons returning from World War I, a frightful flood devasted a vast area of the North End.
by Edwards Park
Originally appeared in Smithsonian 14 number 8 (November 1983), pages 213-230.
When I was a boy in Boston and had reached a sufficiently sophisticated age, I was allowed to go downtown by myself. I was finally deemed capable of handling the ancient subway system and the narrow, clogged streets, and I responded by making ritualistic expeditions from the boring security of the Back Bay to the perilous excitements of Washington Street. This was my Gobi Desert, my Mountains of the Moon, my Tarzan Country.
My target was always Iver Johnson's, the famous old sporting-goods store that captured the hearts of Boston lads in those days. It faced on Washington Street near the edge of Scollay Square, that opening in the cow-path streets where stood the Old Howard, a burlesque theater famous for supplementing the curricula of Harvard students. "Always Something Doing, One to Eleven, at the Old Howard" read its ads in the Boston Globe, followed by the titillating phrase, "25 Beautiful Girls 25." Scollay Square was off limits to me, and no wonder.
But Iver Johnson's was a wholesome interest. There I could wander through aisles flanked by baseball bats; through thickets of split-bamboo fly rods and stubbles of short, steel bait-casting rods (fiber-glass rods and spinning reels were as yet unknown); through an arsenal of rifles and shotguns, blue steel barrels glinting against the warm-grained walnut stocks; and through a long array of heavy woolen winter clothes and thick leather hunting boots. Boys were under constant surveillance by supercilious clerks. I remember how surprised one of them was the day I actually bought something, but no matter. This was a place in which to build dreams.
Iver Johnson's displayed some of its own items in the window that overlooked Washington Street. Sleds shiny with varnish. Also, as I remember, a little .22 revolver. And bicycles. My two older brothers had both been given Iver Johnson bikes, and one of these fine old 28-inch wheelers was reposing in our basement, heavy with dust. It was supposed to be handed down to me, but there was now too much traffic in the Back Bay, even on Sunday mornings, for a kid to learn how to handle a big bike. I went without?and so learned to hate many aspects of modernity.
The way to reach Iver Johnson's was to take the subway to Park Street and walk northeast to a wonderful little byway called Cornhill, which pitched downward to Washington Street. You could smell Cornhill before you reached it because at its upper end was the Phoenix, a coffee-house marked by the aroma of freshly ground beans. The rich scent filled the streets around and lured customers by the score.
Along with the coffee smell was another, equally pervading. One could discern throughout much of downtown Boston, and especially around the North End, the unmistakable aroma of molasses.
As a boy, I never questioned that odor, so strong on hot days, so far-reaching when the wind came out of the east. It was simply part of Boston, along with the swan boats in the Public Gardens and the tough kids swimming in the Frog Pond on the common. But years later, when I was on the staff of the Boston Globe, I asked a colleague about it. We were walking over toward the North End, beyond Hanover Street, and our taste buds were guiding us toward one of the corner trattorias where North End Italians make, I swear, the world's finest pizza, and for once I was annoyed by that other smell?the Boston smell.
"Why does Boston smell of molasses?" I asked my friend.
He looked at me curiously. "Because of the molasses flood, of course," he said.
"Molasses flood?"
"Yeah. The thing we do special stories on every ten years. Haven't you worked on one yet?"
I admitted I had not. And then the little restaurant came into view and we entered and sat down to pizza and kitchen tumblers of cellar-made Italian wine. And I forgot molasses for a number of years.
My old paper did short memory pieces about the Great Boston Molasses Flood on ten-year anniversaries of the event, which occurred in 1919. I didn't happen to work there in a year that had a nine at the end of it, and so remained largely ignorant about the original disaster. Older friends and relatives recalled it, but not very accurately, or in much detail. To learn more, I recently dug into the files of the Globe and pieced together fragile bits of brown newsprint as best I could...
Copp's Hill. It rises beside the conflux of the Charles River and Boston's inner harbor. It looks across at the yardarms of the U.S.S. Constitution?"Old Ironsides"?moored at the Boston Naval Shipyard over at Charlestown. A full-size American car trying to negotiate the side streets of Copp's Hill will probably bark its whitewalls on both curbs. At the foot of the hill, at Salem Street, is the Old North Church where two lanterns were hung as a signal to Paul Revere, and in a little park next to the church is a statue of Revere himself. Old men sit by the statue on sunny days, playing checkers and arguing dramatically in Italian. Copp's Hill is right there in the North End, Boston's Little Italy.
Commercial Street. It loops around the salient of Copp's Hill from the Charlestown Bridge, east and south, to link with Atlantic Avenue. It roars with traffic?and it did so in 1919, but with different sounds. Instead of the thunder of today's diesels, there was the unmuffled blat of loaded lorries with solid rubber tires, the endless clop of work horses pulling freight wagons and, over all, the roar of the relatively new elevated railway?the "El"?that for years kept Commercial Street in shadow.
On the water side of Commercial Street, opposite Copp's Hill, there stood in 1919 a giant storage tank. It had been built four years before by the Purity Distilling Company?massively constructed, with great curved steel sides and strong bottom plates set into a concrete base and pinned together with a stitching of rivets. It was built to hold molasses, that old Colonial commodity that stirs school-day memories of the "triangle trade": slaves from Africa to the West Indies; molasses from the West Indies to New England; rum, made from the molasses, back across the Atlantic for a cargo of slaves. The old triangle had long been broken by 1919, but New England still made (and makes) rum, as well as baked beans, and the molasses for both still came (and comes) north from the Caribbean and New Orleans. In 1919, Boston's Purity tank could hold about two and a half million gallons of the stuff.
January 15, 1919. The weather had been mild for Boston?close to 40 F?and the streets were bare of snow.
Two months before, the Great War (to end all wars) had ended, and the Yankee Division, the 26th, was coming home soon. That bloody adventure was over, and the nation was about to enter a great experiment?Prohibition. One more state was needed to ratify the 18th Amendment, and a vote was scheduled the next day. With an eye perhaps to the future, Purity Distilling Company had sold out in 1917 to United States Industrial Alcohol. Thus that huge molasses tank, 50 feet tall and some 90 feet in diameter, could legally continue to supply alcohol to industry.
The big Boston tank was just about full. A ship from Puerto Rico had brought its contents up to about 2,300,000 gallons a few days before.
At noon on this January day, work around the molasses tank routinely slowed as laborers took time out for their sandwiches and coffee. Men paused to eat and chat in a shack owned by the Paving Department, whcih shared the open area where the tank stood. Others were doing the same at the quarters of a Boston Fire Department fireboat on the waterfront side of the tank.
They were most probably discussing baseball?Boston had won the World Series in 1918?and a new film called Shoulder Arms which was Charlie Chaplin's satire on life in the trenches. They probably mentioned politics, for President Wilson was in Europe trying to get a peace treaty based on his Fourteen Points. Moreover, Theodore Roosevelt had died only two weeks before, and like him or not, you had to admire the man, even if you were a Boston day laborer.
They would certainly have been hashing over Boston's own politics, ever a fascinating subject. Ex-Mayor John J. Fitzgerald was by now out of the picture and these workmen probably said, "More's the pity," for "Honey Fitz" never lost sight of his Irishness and seemed a darlin' man to the workers, despite all the stories of graft. One of his grandsons?the one named for him: John Fitzgerald Kennedy?would be two years old in May. Fitzgerald himself had been born in the North End back when it was Irish and not yet Italian.
And certainly the flu epidemic would have been on the tongues of these workers. It took some 20 million lives around the world, more than half a million in the United States. There was nothing a man could do about it, it seemed, except go regularly to church and burn a few candles. But these men needn't have worried about the flu that day, for their own particular disaster was on the way.
At about 12:30, with a sound described as a sort of muffled roar, the giant molasses tank came apart. It seemed to rise and then split, the rivets popping in a way that reminded many ex-soldiers of machine-gun fire. And then a wet, brown hell broke loose, flooding downtown Boston.
Spill a jar of kitchen molasses. Then imagine an estimated 14,000 tons of the thick, sticky fluid running wild. It left the ruptured tank in a choking brown wave, 15 feet high, wiping out everything that stood in its way. One steel section of the tank was hurled across Commercial Street, neatly knocking out one of the uprights supporting the El. An approaching train screeched to a stop just as the track ahead sagged into the onrushing molasses.
When the molasses wave hit houses, they "seemed to cringe up as though they were made of pasteboard," wrote one reporter. The Clougherty home at the foot of Copp's Hill collapsed around poor Bridget Clougherty, killing her instantly. And when pieces of the tank hit a structure, they had the effect of shellfire. One jagged chunk smashed the freight house where some of the lunchers had been working.
The great brown wave caught and killed most of the nearby laborers. The fireboat company quarters was splintered. A lorry was blasted right through a wooden fence, and a wagon driver was found later, dead and frozen in his last attitude like a figure from the ashes of Pompeii.
How fast is molasses in January? That day the wave moved at an estimated 35 miles per hour. It caught young children on their way home from the morning session of school. One of them, Anthony di Stasio, walking homeward with his sisters from the Michelangelo School, was picked up by the wave and carried, tumbling on its crest, almost as though he were surfing. Then he grounded and the molasses rolled him like a pebble as the wave diminished. He heard his mother call his name and couldn't answer, his throat was so clogged with the smothering goo. He passed out, then opened his eyes to find three of his sisters staring at him. (Another sister had been killed.) They had found little Anthony stretched under a sheet on the "dead" side of a body-littered floor.
The death toll kept rising, day after day. Two bodies showed up four days after the tank burst. They were so battered and glazed over by the molasses that identification was difficult. The final count was 21 dead, 150 injured, a number of horses killed. The molasses wave, after spreading out, covered several blocks of downtown Boston to a depth of two or three feet. Although rescue equipment was quick to arrive on the scene, vehicles and rescue workers on foot could barely get through the clinging muck that filled the streets.
A news reporter later remembered seeing Red Cross volunteers, Boston debutantes in smart gray uniforms with spotless white shirtwaists and shiny black puttees, step determinedly into the deep brown muck. In a second they were gooey and bedraggled, plunging through the flood that sucked at their puttees.
Apparently one reason the ambulances arrived so soon was that a policeman was at his corner signal box, making a call to his precinct, when he glanced down the street and saw the brown tide slithering toward him. You can hear in your mind his gasp into the phone: "Holy Mother iv God! Sind iverythin' you can?somethin' tirrible has happened!"
Most of the facts about the Great Molasses Flood emerged in the findings of the lawsuits that swamped Boston after the event and were just as sticky as the molasses. Litigation took six years, involved some 3,000 witnesses and so many lawyers that the courtroom couldn't hold them all.
The reason for the lawsuits was disagreement as to the nature of the disaster. What in the world had caused it? Three explanations arose: there had been an explosion inside the tank (in which case the fermentation of the molasses would be to blame); there had been a bomb set off (not so wild a possibility in those early days of Bolshevism?bombs had already blasted a few American industrial plants); there had been a structural failure of the four-year-old tank (which made United States Industrial Alcohol liable).
Eventually the court found that the tank had ruptured simply because the "factor of safety" was too low. In other words, inspections hadn't been tough enough. The company was held to blame for the horror. Settlements of more than 100 claims were made out of court. Industrial Alcohol paid off between $500,000 and $1,000,000. Survivors of those killed reportedly got about $7,000 per victim.
Molasses is the main byproduct of the manufacture of sugar from sugar cane. It results from the continued boiling of cane juice?reminiscent of the boiling off of maple sap to produce maple syrup. When enough reboiling has gone on to wrench every bit of sugar out of the molasses, the resulting viscous liquid is blackstrap, the extra-thick molasses used as an additive in cattle feed. It provides valuable carbohydrates in the diet of a cow. (In ours, too, it seems. Recently, molasses has excited natural-food addicts as a sugar substitute.)
Back in 1919 you couldn't have given the product away in Boston. The gluey chaos caused by the flood was cleaned up by hosing the area with salt water from fireboats and then covering the streets with sand. The trouble was that all the rescue workers, clean-up crews and sight-seers, squelching through the molasses, managed to distribute it all over Greater Boston. Boots and clothing carried it into the suburbs. Molasses coated streetcar seats and public telephones. Everything a Bostonian touched was sticky. There is a report that molasses even got as far as Worcester. Certainly the inner harbor turned brown as the hoses washed the goo into the bay.
As the rescue workers and clean-up crews tackled the incredible mess the night of January 16, they paused in puzzlement at the sudden ringing of church bells all over downtown Boston. Nebraska had voted on the 18th Amendment and ratified it. Prohibition was law, and churches which had campaigned for it in their pulpits now celebrated. Men up to their ankles in the makings of rum listened for a moment and went back to work.
The smell of molasses remained for decades a distinctive, unmistakable atmosphere of Boston. My boyhood association of the sweet aroma, mingled with the fragrance of coffee from the Phoenix, led me into a habit I still enjoy, though most other people seem to shun it: I invariably sweeten my first cup of early morning coffee with a teaspoonful of dark molasses. To me, the two go together.
But the Phoenix coffeehouse did not prove as permanent as the morning ritual it inspired. It was sacrificed to the great rebuilding of the inner city which took place mostly in the 1960s, and, unlike its namesake, it has not risen again. Even Cornhill has gone. Even the Old Howard. Even Iver Johnson's. And finally, even the smell of molasses. I passed the site of the catastrophe recently and found that there is little to show for it. Copp's Hill is the same as ever, but the El is gone, and the old waterfront, once so messy with decrepit warehouses, has been largely redesigned and landscaped. Where the great doomed tank once stood, there is a park filled with swings, slides and the shouts of children, and next to it, an enclosed recreation center.
A retrospective account of the flood indicated that the "high molasses mark" could still be seen on walls and buildings in the area. I looked and saw a dark stain?but it was just a city stain with nothing to indicate that the gush of molasses had lapped that high and painted the stone brown. I couldn't even find a plaque, not the merest marker to remember the 15th of January, 1919. I sniffed at the dark stain. Nothing.
But as I get older, early impressions express themselves suddenly and in strange ways. And as everyone knows, nothing is more nostalgic than a smell or a taste. One morning, not long before I started looking into the story of the flood, I was drinking my early coffee, hot and delicious, with just that faint touch of molasses to give it special meaning. And inexplicably I said, "I wish I had a bicycle."
"What on Earth for?" my wife asked me.
"I don't really know, come to think of it," I answered.
The Molasses Disaster of January 15, 1919
Eric Postpischil's Molasses Disaster Pages, Yankee Magazine Article
by John Mason
Reprinted from Yankee Magazine (Dublin, New Hampshire: January 1965), pages 52-53 and 109-111.
As long as people work and live and play in the vicinity of North End Park in Boston, no winter will pass without someone recalling the catastrophe that took place there on January 15, 1919, just forty-six years ago.
The scene of this tragic accident was that low-lying section of Commercial Street between Copps Hill and the playground of North End Park.
Looking down from Copps Hill on that mild, winter afternoon, you saw first the tracks of the Boston elevated?and the old, old houses nearby. Across the street were the freight sheds of the Boston and Worcester and Eastern Massachusetts Railways, the paving division of the Public Works Department, the headquarters of Fire Boat 31, and the wharves with patrol boats and minesweepers moored alongside. In the background to the left, the Charlestown Navy Yard. Towering above the freight sheds was the big tank of the United States Alcohol Company?bulging with more than two million gallons of crude molasses.
In the Public Works Department, a dozen or more horses munched their oats and hay, as flocks of pigeons fluttered around to catch the stray kernels of grain that fell from the feed bags. Stretched out on the runningboard of a heavily laden express truck, "Peter," a pet tiger cat, slept in the unseasonably warm sunshine.
This was the fourth day that the mercury of the freight shed had been climbing. On the 12th of January it was only two degrees above zero. But, on the 13th, the temperature rose rapidly from sixteen degrees to forty; now, at 12:30 p.m. on Wednesday, the 15th, it was forty-three above zero, and so warm in the sun that office workers stood around in their shirtsleeves (talking about the weather). Even the freight handlers had doffed their overcoats, and sailors from the training ship Nantucket carried their heavy peajackets on their arms.
Mrs. Clougherty put her blankets out to air and smiled at little Maria Di Stasio gathering firewood under the freight cars. She waved to her neighbor, Mrs. O'Brien, planting her geraniums on a dingy window sill.
In the pumping station attached to the big molasses tank, Bill White turned the key in the lock and started uptown to meet his wife for lunch. He bumped into Eric Blair, driver for Wheeler's Express, and said, "Hello, Scotty. What are you doing around here at noontime? Thought you and the old nag always went to Charlestown for grub?"
The young Scotsman grinned, "It's a funny thing, Bill. This is the first time in three years I ever brought my lunch over here;" and he climbed up on the bulkhead and leaned back against the warm side of the big molasses tank?for the first and last time.
Inside the Boston and Worcester freight terminal, Percy Smerage, the foreman, was checking a pile of express to be shipped to Framingham and Worcester. Four freight cars were already loaded. The fifth stood half empty on the spur track that ran past the molasses tank.
Smerage had just told his assistant to finish loading the last car when a low, deep rumble shook the freight yard. Then the earth heaved under their feet and they heard a sound of ripping and tearing?snipping of steel bolts (like a machine gun)?followed by a booming roar as the bottom of the giant molasses tank split wide open and a geyser of yellowish-brown fluid spouted into the sky, followed by a tidal wave of molasses.
With a horrible, hissing, sucking sound, it splashed in a curving arc straight across the street, crushing everything and everybody in its path.
Less time than it takes to tell it, molasses had filled the five-foot loading pit, and was creeping over the threshold of the warehouse door. The four loaded freight cars were washed like chips down the track. The half-loaded car was caught on the foaming crest of the eight-foot wave and, with unbelievable force, hurled through the corrugated iron walls of the terminal.
The freight house shook and shivered as the molasses outside, now five feet deep, pushed against the building. Then the doors and windows caved in, and a rushing-roaring river of molasses rolled like molten lava into the freight shed, knocking over the booths where freight clerks were checking their lists.
Like madmen they fought the on-rushing tide, trying to swim in the sticky stuff that sucked them down. Tons of freight?shoes, potatoes?barrels and boxes?tumbled and splashed on the frothy-foaming mass, now so heavy the floors gave way, letting tons of the stuff into the cellar. Down there the workers died like rats in a trap. Some tried to dash up the stairs but they slipped and fell?and disappeared.
As the fifty-eight-foot-high tank split wide open, more molasses poured out under a pressure of two tons per square foot. Men, women, children and animals were caught, hurled into the air, or dashed against freight cars only to fall back and sink from sight in the slowly moving mass.
High above the scene of disaster, an elevated train crowded with passengers whizzed by the crumbling tank just as the molasses broke loose, tearing off the whole front of the Clougherty house and snapping off the steel supports of the "L" structure. That train had barely gone by when the trestle snapped and the tracks sagged almost to street level.
The roaring wall of death moved on. It struck the fire station, knocked it over on its side and pushed it toward the ocean until it fetched up on some pilings. One of the firemen was hurled through a partition. George Leahy, engineer of Fire Boat 31, was crushed to death under a billiard table.
In the Public Works Department, five men eating their noonday meal were smothered by the bubbling, boiling sludge that poured in upon them.
Up at fire headquarters, the first alarm came in at 12:40 p.m. As soon as Chief Peter McDonough learned the extent of the tragedy, he sounded a third alarm to get workers and rescue squads.
Ladders were placed over the wreckage and the firemen crawled out on them to pull the dead and dying from the molasses-drenched debris.
Amidst a mass of bedding and broken furniture, they found the body of Mrs. Clougherty?killed when her house collapsed. Nearby lay the body of "Peter."
Capt. Krake of Engine 7 was leading his men cautiously along the slippery wreckage under the elevated when he saw a mass of yellow hair floating on a dark brown pool of molasses. He took off his coat and plunged his arms to the elbows in the sweet sticky stream. It was Maria Di Stasio, the little girl who had been gathering firewood.
Over by the Public Works Building, more than a dozen horses lay floundering in the molasses. Under an overturned express wagon was the body of the driver.
Fifteen dead were found before the sun went down that night and six other bodies were recovered later. As for the injured, they were taken by cars and wagons and ambulances to the Haymarket Relief and other hospitals.
The next day the firemen tackled the mess with a lot of fire hoses, washing the molasses off the buildings and wreckage and down the gutters. When hit by the salt water, the molasses frothed up?all yellow and sudsy. It was weeks before the devastated area was cleaned up.
Of course, there was great controversy as to the cause of the tank's collapse. And there were about 125 lawsuits filed against the United States Industrial Alcohol Company.
The trial (or rather the hearings) was the longest in the history of Massachusetts Courts. Judge Hitchcock appointed Col. Hugh W. Ogden to act as Auditor and hear the evidence. It was six years before he made his special report.
There were so many lawyers involved, that there wasn't room enough in the courthouse to hold them all, so they consolidated and chose two to represent the claimants.
Never in New England did so many engineers, metallurgists and scientists parade onto the witness stand. Albert L. Colby, an authority on the amount of structural strain a steel tank could sustain before breaking, was on the witness stand three weeks?often giving testimony as late as ten o'clock in the evening.
Altogether, more than 3,000 witnesses were examined and nearly 45,000 pages of testimony and arguments were recorded. The defendants spent over $50,000 on expert witness fees, claiming the collapse was not due to a structural weakness but rather to a dynamite bomb.
When Auditor Ogden made his report, he found the defendants responsible for the disaster because the molasses tank, which was fifty-eight feet high and ninety feet across, was not strong enough to withstand the pressure of the 2,500,000 gallons it was designed to hold. In other words, the "factor of safety" was not high enough.
And so the owners of the tank paid in all nearly a million dollars in damages?and the great Molasses Case passed into history.
Before the explosion, the tank's owner, U.S. Industrial Alcohol, responded to warnings about structural problems with the tank by painting it brown, making it harder to see the molasses leaking out of the tank. (Stephen Puleo, Dark Tide (Boston: Beacon Press, 2003): 70-71.)
Hours after the explosion, a company lawyer was on the scene falsely blaming others for the disaster. (Ibid, 112-113.)
The Violence of the Explosion
Fermentation, a sudden rise in temperature, and an inadequate tank caused the tank containing two million gallons of molasses to explode. The force of the explosion was so great that:
Half-inch steel plates of the huge molasses tank were torn apart. ("Seeking Cause of Explosion," The Salem Evening News, January 16, 1919: 7.)
The plates were propelled in all directions, hard enough to cut the girders of the elevated railway. (Ibid.)
After the explosion, a tremendous vacuum sucked into ruin buildings which had withstood the primary blast. (Ibid.)
The vacuum also picked up a truck and dragged it across the street toward the molasses tank. ("Big Molasses Tank Blast Kills Eleven," The Boston Globe, January 16, 1919: 8.)
An elevated train was lifted off the rails and fell onto the ties. (Ibid.)
Some buildings collapsed.
Some buildings were knocked off their foundations.
Some buildings were buried under the flood of molasses.
The Terror of the Scene
I went to original newspaper articles to find out what it was like. Envision a disaster scene with smashed buildings, overturned vehicles, drowned and crushed victims, and terrified survivors running away covered in molasses. Like the modern-day disasters with which we are unfortunately familiar, there was chaos, terror, buildings in ruins, victims to be dug out, trapped survivors to be rescued, rescue workers among the victims, and anguished families rushing to relief centers to find their relatives. It was like any horrible disaster scene, with the addition that everything was covered in smelly sticky brown molasses.
Dark Tide: The Great Boston Molasses Flood of 1919 [Hardcover]
Stephen Puleo (Author)
johnnyboy_10138
Posts: 30 | Kudos: +10
I live on the 400 block of commercial, and my basement smells slightly like molasses when i have the heat up high or it is a really hot summer day.
theengineer1990
Posts: 1 | Kudos: +10
The construction
How many segments was this tank composed of
UhOh
East Boston, Massachusetts
On a hot summer day, you can still smell the molasses that flowed down into the spaces of the cobblestones that are still there. Specially up by the Paul Revere House in North Square. I love being up there when the area is full with tourists and they start to get a whiff.
It doesn't take much to amuse this old lady.
« Best Small Venues for Finding New Bands? | Best Seafood in Boston »
Suggested Threads
the death of PERSONHOOD - National Politics / Debate (3 replies)
Death penalty - National Politics / Debate (10 replies)
Museum of Death - California (0 replies)
Las Vegas Death Ray - Las Vegas (12 replies)
Bored to Death - Art / Entertainment (2 replies)
celebrities in town
Everybody loves "flowers" and...
WILDLIFE pics . . . post em if ya gottum
old phone
west of the mill creek development
non blockbuster movies
new shows 2022
Jeep clubs in Tampa
Social Groups - Contact Us - City and State Discussion Forums - Community Rules - Terms of Service - Privacy - Accessibility - Top


text:
The End of Roe
May 4, 2022 Michael DiGioia Uncategorized
Well what did we think was going to happen? Right? This is what Trump promised to do, put justices on the court that will overturn Roe v. Wade, and it's happening. This is what Republicans have claimed as their goal for as long as I can remember.
But as we all know none of this is about reducing abortions. The reality is that a stressed, suppressed, broke and desperate population makes for great exploitation. Most rational studies of abortion trends, like the latest from the Guttmacher institute (a group that supposts abortion rights and besides the CDC gathers the most data), shows that most women who decide to have an abortion are poor and already have children. A New York Times analysis of that report from December of 2021 showed that most women were mothers, in their late 20's, attended some college, were unmarried and mostly lived in blue states. However, a disclaimer on the blue state aspect is that with restricted access in red states it's hard to tell how many women crossed state lines, used chemical means or performed risky unsafe abortions. Also, when I say poor I mean really poor. In the study only 25% of all abortions are had by women who are twice the poverty level. That's defined as an individual making $27,000 a year or a family of 4 making $55,000, the other 75% are much more poor than that. Which makes sense. Wealthier people can both afford to have children and also are probably undercounted in abortion statistics because they don't go to planned parenthood for abortions. They have, and will continue to have, access to safe abortions no matter what happens.
By these statistics it's likely that many of the components of the Build Back Better bill; child care, affordable college, health care, etc. probably would have reduced abortions by giving poor women options and support they currently don't have in the richest country on earth. I would argue that increased social and financial help for poor women would reduce abortions more than any reduction caused by striking down Roe since an abortion ban only bans safe abortions, legal abortions, it will never end all abortions. When I was in college a friend of my family confided in me how the local doctor in the near westside of chicago performed plenty of abortions before it was legal. This was in a mostly Italian enclave that was working class and catholic. This kind of option will not be available in a post roe world. Not for the poor anyway. There are modern options, like abortion pills, but the likelihood that there will be an uptick in dangerous abortion practices is all but guaranteed. The Republicans pushing this know that and they don't care. It's not about reducing abortions for them.
For years it seemed that the abortion issue was meant to be a political stalemate as a calculation to motivate voters. That the Republicans would make threats, whittle away at it, but ultimately leave enough intact to be a useful political football. But those days are gone. All they have to do is win enough seats in the next election and they are pretty much guaranteed to end democracy as we know it. And more likely than not a major fight over abortion in the 2022 election cycle will overpower everything else. At least that's what I think they're banking on. A full on fight where Democrats are running on restoring a women's right to choose will set fire to their base and keep them from questioning anything else that comes to light in the next election cycle. And this is where the supreme court comes into play.
The court lost its legitimacy 22 years ago when O'Connor and Kennedy sided with Scalia to hand the presidency to George W. Bush. Since then the court has been endlessly compromised by the Republicans to the point where today it is basically a political arm of the party. And the Republican party is not interested in Democracy anymore. If you haven't been following Senator Sheldon Whitehouse's series of reports documenting the dark money scheme that has allowed the Republicans to install not just conservative judges but hundreds of full on operatives to the courts here is a good primer. He follows the money through the various networks and proves that our courts are now bought and controlled by the Republican party and ready to play their part in assuming one party rule.
So if ending Roe seems like the right thing to do to insure a 2022 victory then the operatives currently residing on the supreme court are ready to deliver it. You know who they are, and they know you know who they are, and they don't care.


text:
Live Review: U2 at London's O2
U2 bring on the special guests in London
U2 - London O2 - 26th October 2015
For a band entering their 4th decade U2 certainly seem to know how to keep in the public eye. Whether it's pissing off 500million iTunes holders by album-bombing their way into most of the worlds music collections or by redefining how an arena tour can be staged they still have the worlds press at it's knees.
Actually once the hysteria over how the new album was delivered had subsided and the 20 million or so users who actually wanted to keep the record started listening to it, they found the band delivering one of it's strongest offerings to date. And if that album was strong then this tour takes it to another level.
Wisely knowing that their following is getting on, they start off simply and with the makings of a stripped back gig in a intimate Irish bar. Bono prowls down the arena length catwalk winding both himself and the audience up to chant the opening refrain of "Joey Ramone" before joining his band mates under a giant lightbulb. A trio of crowd-pleasing hits follow as the band go back to their first single "Out Of Control", enormo hit "Vertigo" and fan favourite "I Will Follow". Thankfully the past 12 months seems to have fired up a desire to prove themselves. Bono seems enraged as he prowls the stage daring the audience not to join in and spraying water over the front rows to jump start them. It seems to do the trick.
And when the new material comes, it is delivered predominantly with the aid of striking imagery on a giant Imax screen that runs down the length of the arena. Bono takes us back to the band's childhood where they take us for a walk down "Cedarwood Road" and the emotional tribute to his mother "Iris" who passed when he was 14. Stepping inside the screen at times the band become part of their own visuals. It's a highly-effective trick and allows those amongst the audience just there to hear the hits to bond with the new mateiral. Not that they would have been disappointed with their lot either as the band head over to their 3rd stage via a stripped back version of "Sunday Bloody Sunday" and deliver crowd pleasers "Mysterious Ways", "Desire" and "Angel Of Harlem" plucking two brothers out of the audience to join them on guitar.
For the last third of the show it was back again to the stadium-sized anthems that made them. "Bullet The Blue Sky" into "Zooropa" into "Where The Streets Have No Name", "Pride" and 'With Or Without you". By the time they brought Noel Gallagher out for the encore of "I Still Haven't found What I'm Looking For" / "All You Need Is Love" there must have been a nagging doubt in the former Oasis's founder that maybe it just might be time to revisit some former glories and have a bit of stadium fun of his own.
Seeming to straddle the difficult hurdle of both being over-blown and stadium sized as it is intimate and spontaneous, the show leads itself to theatre as much as rock-gig. With "Innocence and Experience" U2 have once again showed others how to redefine arena sized rock.
Your move Gallagher.
Joey Ramone
Cedarwood Road
Song for Someone
Desire
Angel of Harlem
Every Breaking Wave
Bullet the Blue Sky
Zooropa
City of Blinding Lights
Still Haven't Found


text:
Seven Talks with Tim DeChristopher #4: The Power of Civil Disobedience
Civil Society Groups Squeezed Out of Climate Talks in Final Days
Loss of NGOs Hurts Poor Nations, Limits Outside Analysis
By Stacy Feldman
Reporting from Copenhagen
Copenhagen's mall-sized Bella Center, the command center for the largest climate change gathering ever convened, has exceeded its capacity, and thousands of registered civil society groups are now being asked to leave.
The move is raising the ire of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), who say they are being cut out of the process for global warming action that they, in part, built.
Their absence in the crucial final days of the conference will be a blow to poor nations who rely on NGO assistance to get their voices heard, the NGOs say, and it will keep out non-governmental experts who could quickly analyze any proposed deals, leaving the world hearing only the claims of politicians.
"The UN over the years has relied on civil society and NGOs to advance this agenda," said Kumi Naidoo, executive director of Greenpeace International.
"We would not be sitting here at this summit if it was not for the leadership of grassroots organizations."
The restricted access comes when negotiations are at a critical point. Heads of government have started trickling into the Danish capital to hammer out the final framework for a global treaty to prevent dangerous climate change, with more than 110 world leaders expected by Friday.
Observers believe that developing nations will be most harmed by the new restrictions because they rely on NGOs to supplement their delegations on individual country and bloc levels.
"Negotiators from those countries are tremendously under-resourced here," explained Friends of the Earth spokesman Nick Berning, who was among those kept out of the Bella Center on Wednesday.
"I've worked with negotiators who have no media officers to help them communicate their position. They are totally out-gunned by the massive delegations of the rich countries, and now thanks to the UN's decision to exclude us, they will have even less support inside the Bella Center to fight for a fair agreement."
The situation reached its climax Wednesday morning when members of Friends of the Earth International and the environmental group Avaaz were told by security officials their badges "were no longer valid" and were asked to leave the Bella Center.
members said they were surprised by the sudden stripping of access.
Most NGOS have seen a dramatic decrease in their number of badges, Anna Mitchell, a spokeperson for Oxfam International, told SolveClimate. Oxfam and its partners received badges for 90 people. By Friday, however, with heads of state at the conference, only three will be able to get in, Mitchell said.
About 50 individuals held a spontaneous sit-in in the center's reception area in protest. UN climate chief Yvo de Boer met with the group and suggested meeting with 25 of their leaders to find a resolution. At the same time, some 3,000 outside attempted to storm the Bella Center.
De Boer has assumed full blame for the mayhem.
"It's my fault," he told reporters. The problem, he said, is that 46,600 individuals were given the green-light to get into the Bella Center, a building which holds 15,000.
Over 22,700 of those approved come from international and non-governmental groups, according to numbers from the UNFCCC.
On Wednesday, only 3,000 of them will get access to the belly of the beast. The number of NGO badges will shrink to 1,000 on Thursday, if that.
On Friday, the last and most crucial day of talks, 500 NGO participants will be allowed in, the UNFCCC said.
The Climate Action Network, a group representing several non-governmental organizations, called the restrictions "unjustifiable."
Stacy Feldman's articles
Sign a Global Treaty
Climate Action Network
NGO's play an important role
Submitted by (not verified) on January 11, 2010 - 4:17pm.
NGO's play an important role in our society. They serve as our medium in delivering our sentiments to authorities. Hoping that they will take the necessary action to address all our needs.
So much for "free speech"
Submitted by (not verified) on December 16, 2009 - 2:50pm.
This is just another example of the "big boss interests" to stifle free speech. At least we still have the internet...for now, anyway.


text:
namespace rdo {

template <class T>
class intrusive_ptr_interface_wrapper: public rdo::intrusive_ptr<T>, public rdo::IRefCounter
{
public:
    intrusive_ptr_interface_wrapper(const rdo::intrusive_ptr<T>& pPointer);
    DECLARE_IRefCounter;

private:
    typedef rdo::intrusive_ptr<T> parent_type;
};

} // namespace rdo

#include "utils/src/smart_ptr/intrusive_ptr/intrusive_ptr_interface_wrapper-inl.h"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Russian Perspective on the Kyrgyzstan Crisis
Politics / Russia Jun 16, 2010 - 11:21 AM GMT
By: Pravda
The UN Security Council is currently looking into the situation in Kyrgyzstan too. The UN promised to guarantee the delivery of food and medical help to Kyrgyz nationals through specially formed humanitarian corridors.
In the meantime, Kyrgyz media have reported about the arrest of the suspected organizer of current riots. It goes about a former top official of Kurmanbek Bakiyev's administration, Paizullabek Rakhmanov. This information has not been officially confirmed. Vice Prime Minister Almazbek Atambayev believes that the riots have been masterminded by the younger son of the toppled president, Maksim Bakiyev.
Maksim Bakiyev is involved in the funding of the actions to undermine the new constitution referendum which is slated to take place in the country at the end of June. The vice prime minister said that the Bakiyevs had spent nearly $10 million to fund the unrest in the nation.
On June 13 it was said that Maksim Bakiyev, whom the interim Kyrgyz government accuses of a number of economic crimes, had been arrested in Britain. He stated that he had arrived in England seeking political shelter. British authorities have not released any official statement to explain Bakiyev's arrest.
Sergey Demidenko, an expert with the Institute of Strategic Estimations and Analysis, said in an interview with Pravda.Ru that the reasons for chaos in Kyrgyzstan are hidden inside the country.
"The conflict between Kyrgyz and Uzbek nationals started after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Neither previous nor sitting leaders of the country have done anything to solve the problem. Someone from the outside could of course use the situation in their interests. However, I repeat, the prerequisites for the current conflict have been created inside the country.
"This conflict is mostly of economic character. Russians and Uzbeks are two most economically active categories of Kyrgyzstan's population. An average Russian or Uzbek person living in Kyrgyzstan is richer than a native Kyrgyz. Maksim Bakiyev's implication in the riots is nothing but a speculation, it's a conspiracy theory. His father used to accuse the first president of Kyrgyzstan, Askar Akayev, of all the trouble. Now Otunbayeva and her followers shift the blame on the Bakiyevs. This way or other, but no one in the nation has done anything to solve economic and ethnic problems.
"I believe that deploying Russian peacemakers in Kyrgyzstan doesn't make sense. The institute of peacemaking operations has repeatedly proved its incapacity. Russia needs to take efforts to prevent a possible war between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan instead," the specialist said.
Vadim Trukhachev
Read the original in Russian
Pravda Archive


Nine-year-old Maria Singh longs to play softball in the first-ever girls' team forming in Yuba City, California. It's the spring of 1945, and World War II is dragging on. Miss Newman, Maria's teacher, is inspired by Babe Ruth and the All-American Girls' League to start a girls' softball team at their school. Meanwhile, Maria's parents - Papi from India and Mama from Mexico - can no longer protect their children from prejudice and from the discriminatory laws of the land. When the family is on the brink of losing their farm, Maria must decide if she has what it takes to step up and find her voice in an unfair world. In this fascinating middle grade novel, award-winning author Uma Krishnaswami sheds light on a little-known chapter of American history set in a community whose families made multicultural choices before the word had been invented.


text:
Musings on Life
Know Jharkhand
Reader's Choice
Govt Web
Munda-Soren meet raises hope of stability in Jharkhand
The meeting between chief minister Arjun Munda and Jharkhand Mukti Morcha president Shibu Soren on Sunday has raised hope that all is well.Both had met at later's official residence in Ranchi.The meeting attended by Soren's son Hemant,who is Deputy CM,lasted for nearly half and hour against two separate issues.One,the opposition Jharkhand Vikas Morcha and a section of the Congress led by its two leaders Stephen Marandi and Furkan Ansari had launched dharna in Pakur district in Santhal Pargana,stronghold of Sorens,paralyzing supply of coal from the private company Panem's coal mines to Punjab State Electricity Board.
Since their agitation continued despite attempts by Panem management to end it,PSEB's thermal power plants were facing shortage of coal and a triangular conflict of interests between Jharkhand,Punjab and the Centre had cropped up.Both Punjab and the Centre had asked the state government to restore Panem's supply of coal to PSEB.
On Monday Hemant lambasted Babulal for the agitation."By launching dharna,he(Babulal) has caused a loss of hundreds of crores of rupees.This had brought bad name to our state",said Hemant.
Two, Soren had repeatedly said that before the BJP-JMM-JD(U) and All Jharkhand Students Union-coalition led by Munda was formed on September 11,2010,the BJP-JMM had agreed to share power for 28 month each.
Soren had also said that in case,the BJP did not agree to hand over power to it,the JMM will topple the Munda government after it completes its 28 month term on January 11.This threat had come from Soren in two separate press conferances during the past over a month.
Since neither Munda nor any one of Sorens had talked about the outcome of this meeting ,no body knows if they had resolved to confront the opposition's dharna sternly or soberly.But the leadership has called a meeting of the party's core group in Ranchi on December 5 evenas their body language suggests that all is fine and the dispute between them over sharing power in the ratio of 28:28 months was resolved.Right?
SE Railways achieves energy conservation, saves Rs 5.32 crore
Biswajit Chatterjee conferred Indian Personality of the Year Award at 51st IFFI
Defeat Corna by Wearing Mask, Covering Mouth, Nose
New Tata Safari To Be Marketed on Republic Day 2021
Speaker defends stand questioning Babulal Marandi…
Jail Manual Violation case :Lalu kept in bungalow…
On eve of 1 year of Hemant Soren Government, Ads sprout…
One Year of Soren Govt: Preparations on to show case…
अमर शहीद पांडेय गणपत राय की जयंती के अवसर पर उनकी तस्वीर पर माल्यार्पण कर श्रद्धा सुमन अर्पित करते हुए मुख्यमंत्री श्री हेमन्त सोरेन ।
Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren participated in XISS's Annual Convocation on January 16, 2021.
Koderama में पहला टीका लेने के बाद सदर अस्पताल की सफाई कर्मी कुसुम देवी ने कहा कि पहले उनके मन में भ्रम जरूर था लेकिन टीका लेने के बाद उन्हें किसी तरह की परेशानी नहीं हुई है और…
शिक्षाविद अजीत कुमार सिन्हा का निधन अपूर्णीय क्षति : प्रणव कुमार बब्बू.
अखिल भारतीय कायस्थ महासभा के प्रदेश अध्यक्ष डॉ.प्रणव कुमार बब्बू ने कहा है कि वरिष्ठ विद्वान एवं सुप्रसिद्ध…
JSCA Chief Amitabh Choudhary and CM Hemant Soren...
Jharkhand Tender
Govt. Web
Page rendered in 0.0734 seconds.
© Jharkhand State News. All Rights Reserved.Powered By Aptilogic Software


If your BMW has been damaged in a crash or collision, Absolute Shine is here to provide timely and accurate auto body work. Vehicle owners in Monte Vista trust us to deliver superior results that they can appreciate behind the wheel and on the road. As an independent auto body shop, we're not tied to any big name brand that dictates our prices or performance, yet we still maintain the certification and training necessary to provide exceptional service and repairs for your BMW.
For BMW Drivers in Monte Vista, We're Your Auto Body Shop!
Our shop appreciates that your BMW is essential to your day-to-day life as well as a major investment. Therefore, we will care for your BMW as if it was our own, and we will help you extend your vehicle's life, all at competitive pricing. Come by our shop in Monte Vista, or contact us online or by phone to make an appointment today!


Some of you may have seen this stunning 9-3 here on SaabsUnited before. It's a 2008 BioPower with plenty of Hirsch goodies, including beautiful rims and full front grille, it's also been treated to a MapTun upgrade. It's got the Griffin rear boot strip.
Well a couple of days ago, Erik from Norway sent Paul from Saab vs. Scepticism, details of a new toy that he has just added.
Erik has kindly sent Paul a few pictures of his trip to Trollhättan when he pick up this uber cool Saab gadget, (he also managed to drop in at the Saab factory and museum for a few great photo opportunities) and they can be found in full detail at his website. There you will see a video as well as details of the eSID.
We can only imagine the fun he had on his trip back home to Norway with the eSID fitted, thanks for sharing this Erik and Paul.
Very nice. Never understood why there's no instant fuel consumption by default. Wouldn't it be also great to be able to read DPF saturation and km since last regeneration on diesels in the SID? It would save a few forced regeneration.
I'd like to see a trip computer as used in the 9-5 with SID 2 as I use this a lot on trips to get my estimated time of arrival.
NEVS should be selling this set up, especially in China; it's a beauty.
Talking about the complete car.
Is it avaliable for the 9-3 2003-2007 with the best instrumentation screen ever in a Saab. This information on the screen near the windscreen would be awesome.
can we addapt it to 03-07 models?
For you who can read the Swedish language, this thread is available at the SAAB Turbo Club of Sweden forum where it has been discussed for a while.
Getting one, if at all possible!
This is really cool. You can't have to much options to display in the SID.
I have an OBD2 bluetooth adapter that I connect to the diagnostic connector and an app Torque Pro (there are both a free and pay version) on my Android mobile. It can do the same things as the eSID and more but it cannot display it in the SID, only on the mobile.
Price for the adapter 14 USD and 5-7 USD for the app.


OTTAWA, Sept. 25, 2018 /CNW/ - The National Research Council's (NRC) first Science Advisor and Chief Science Officer, Dr. Danial Wayner, was announced today by the Honourable Navdeep Bains, Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development.
Dr. Wayner will report directly to the NRC's President, Iain Stewart. He will ensure that the NRC's strategic plans; new program proposals and peer review processes; and the development of NRC researchers achieve a standard of research excellence. During his three-year mandate, he will also work in close collaboration with Canada's Chief Science Advisor, Dr. Mona Nemer, and a network of Science Advisors from other science-based departments and agencies.
The National Research Council of Canada is the Government of Canada's largest research organization. It is a key part of the Innovation and Skills Plan and of Budget 2018's commitment to supporting Canada's researchers to build a more innovative economy.
"Today's announcement of Dr. Wayner as the first Science Advisor to the National Research Council supports the broader efforts of our government to ensure that our programs and policies are informed by research and evidence. I fully anticipate that Dr. Wayner's insight and advice will help the NRC continue to play a key role in making Canada a world leader in research and innovation."
"Our government understands how critical science is to evidence-based decision-making, innovation and a strong economy. That is why we are establishing a network of departmental science advisors across government. Congratulations to Dr. Wayner, our most recently appointed science advisor, who will play an important role in advancing research excellence and collaboration at the National Research Council."
"I commend the National Research Council on the appointment of its first science advisor and welcome Dr. Wayner to the growing network of departmental science advisors. I look forward to working together to promote Canadian science and scientists, encourage collaborations across sectors and help ensure that evidence informs government decision-making."
"Dr. Wayner has provided strong leadership and a credible voice for the NRC and the Government of Canada throughout his career: building research and development partnerships and collaborations with industry, academia, other government departments as well as with international organizations in North America, Europe and Asia. As a researcher, he has demonstrated excellence in his career and I look forward to working closely with him to support scientific excellence."
"I am excited to have the opportunity to have the opportunity to play a role in continuing to advance the NRC's stellar reputation for delivering world-class science, technology and innovation to Canadians. I also look forward to supporting Canada's Chief Science Advisor in her role to ensure that science advice continues to be an important consideration in evidence-based decision-making and public policy."
Dr. Wayner's contributions as a scientist have been recognized with a number of awards including election as Fellows of both the Royal Society of Canada and the Chemical Institute of Canada.
Dr. Wayner was the founding Director General of the National Institute for Nanotechnology in Edmonton and later the Director General of the Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences.
As VP, Emerging Technologies, Dr. Wayner oversaw NRC programs that carried out leading scientific research and technology development in a wide range of areas that included quantum information, nanotechnology, optical telecom, machine learning, metrology and astronomy.