text:
Krabí mlhovina (M1, NGC 1952 či Taurus A) je emisní mlhovina, která se nachází v souhvězdí Býka. Poprvé ji pozoroval John Bevis v roce 1731. Je pozůstatkem supernovy SN 1054, kterou v roce 1054 pozorovali čínští a arabští astronomové. Vydává rentgenové a gama záření o energii vyšší než 30 keV a v tomto oboru je největším dlouhodobým zdrojem energie na obloze. Je vzdálená přes 6500 světelných let (2 kpc) od Země, měří 11 světelných let (3,4 pc) v průměru a zvětšuje se rychlostí asi 1500 kilometrů za sekundu. V centru mlhoviny se nachází Krabí pulsar, rotující neutronová hvězda s průměrem 28–30 km, která vydává pulzy záření ve frekvenci od záření gama po radiové vlny 30,2krát za sekundu. Je to nejsilnější známý přirozený elektronový urychlovač v Mléčné dráze.

Krabí mlhovina byla prvním astronomickým objektem, který byl rozpoznán jako pozůstatek supernovy. Je zdrojem radiace, jež slouží ke studiu vesmírných objektů, které mlhovinu zakrývají. V padesátých a šedesátých letech 20. století byla zmapována sluneční koróna pozorováním radiových vln Krabí mlhoviny, které jí procházely. V roce 2003 pak byla pomocí rentgenového záření pocházejícího z Krabí mlhoviny změřena hustota atmosféry Saturnova měsíce Titanu, který proud tohoto záření blokoval.

Vznik

Vznikla ze supernovy SN 1054, kterou pozorovali čínští a arabští astronomové v roce 1054. Samotná mlhovina byla poprvé pozorována roku 1731 Johnem Bevisem. Nezávisle na tom ji roku 1758 znovuobjevil Charles Messier, zatímco pozoroval jasnou kometu. Umístil ji na první místo ve svém katalogu, ve kterém třídil objekty podobné kometám. William Parsons ji pozoroval ve čtyřicátých letech 19. století na hradu Birr a pojmenoval ji jako Krabí mlhovinu proto, že mu náčrtek, který namaloval, připomínal kraba.

Na začátku 20. století se pomocí analýzy obrázekgrafií pořízených v rozmezí několika let zjistilo, že se Krabí mlhovina zvětšuje. Sledování expanze pozpátku odhalilo, že na Zemi musela být vidět již před 900 lety. Historické záznamy ukázaly, že novou hvězdu, která byla vidět i přes den, zaznamenali ve stejné poloze na obloze čínští i arabští astronomové v roce 1054. Vzhledem ke své obrovské vzdálenosti musela být denní hvězda, kterou astronomové pozorovali, jedině velkou supernovou, explodující hvězdou, která vyčerpala své zásoby energie z termonukleární fúze a zhroutila se do sebe.

Analýza historických záznamů objevila, že supernova, z které vznikla Krabí mlhovina, se objevila v dubnu nebo na začátku května a v červenci dosáhla jasnosti mezi −7 až −4,5 hvězdné velikosti (takže byla po Měsíci nejjasnějším objektem na obloze). Po dobu dvou let od prvního pozorování ji šlo vidět pouhým okem. Díky záznamům z pozorování v roce 1054 se stala prvním astronomickým objektem, který je spojen s výbuchem supernovy.

Fyzikální vlastnosti

V barevném spektru se Krabí mlhovina jeví jako oválné těleso plné vláken a je asi 6 úhlových minut dlouhá a 4 minuty široká (pro srovnání – úplněk má šířku 30 minut). Uprostřed ní se nachází velká modrá oblast. Předpokládá se, že mlhovina má ve třech rozměrech tvar protáhlého sferoidu. Vlákna jsou pozůstatky atmosféry předchozí hvězdy a skládají se většinou z ionizovaného helia a vodíku, ale i uhlíku, kyslíku, dusíku, železa, neonu a síry. Teplota těchto vláken se pohybuje většinou mezi 11 000 a 18 000 K a jejich hustota dosahuje 1300 částic/cm³.

V roce 1953 Josif Šklovskij přišel s teorií, že modrá oblast vzniká převážně synchrotronovým zářením, což je záření způsobené zakřivením dráhy elektronů, které se pohybují až polovinou rychlosti světla. O tři roky později tuto teorii ověřila pozorování. V šedesátých letech se zjistilo, že zakřivení drah elektronů způsobuje magnetické pole vytvářené neutronovou hvězdou ve středu mlhoviny.

Vzdálenost
I když se Krabí mlhovině dostává velkého zájmu mezi astronomy, její vzdálenost od Země zatím není z důvodu nejasností ve správné metodě měření přesně určena. Snímky pořízené v rozmezí několika let ukázaly pomalé zvětšování mlhoviny a porovnáním tohoto úhlového zvětšení s jeho spektroskopicky určenou rychlostí růstu mohla být odhadnuta jeho vzdálenost. V roce 1973 analýza několika metod používaných k vypočítání vzdálenosti došla k závěru, že vzdálenost mlhoviny od Země je asi 6300 ly. V roce 2008 byla vzdálenost odhadnuta na 2,0 ± 0,5 kpc (6.5 ± 1.6 kly). V současné době se Krabí mlhovina zvětšuje rychlostí 1500 km/s a její nejdelší průměr je zhruba 13 ± 3 světelných let.

Pozorováním expanze mlhoviny pozpátku se zjistilo, že vznikla několik desítek let po roku 1054 a že rychlost expanze se od té doby zvětšila. Předpokládá se, že toto zrychlení má na svědomí energie z pulzaru, který zesiluje magnetické pole, které tlačí vlákna mlhoviny směrem od sebe.

Hmotnost
Odhady hmotnosti mlhoviny jsou důležité pro určení hmotnosti předchozí supernovy. Hmotnost vláken mlhoviny (která se skládají z ionizovaných a neutrálních plynů, a to hlavně helia) je odhadnutá na 4,6 ± 1.8 M☉.

Torus bohatý na helium
Jednou z mnoha částí Krabí mlhoviny je torus bohatý na helium, který je možné spatřit jako východozápadní pruh procházející přes oblast pulzaru. Skládá se asi z 95 % z helia a zatím se nepodařilo poskytnout vhodné vysvětlení jeho struktury.

Centrální hvězda

Ve středu Krabí mlhoviny jsou dvě nejasné hvězdy, z nichž jedna má na svědomí existenci mlhoviny. To objevil v roce 1942 Rudolphem Minkowskim, který si všiml, že má velmi neobvyklé barevné spektrum. V roce 1949 se zjistilo, že oblast okolo hvězdy je silným zdrojem rádiového záření, v roce 1963 pak to, že je zdrojem i silného rentgenového záření, a v roce 1967 byla prohlášena za jeden z nejzářivějších objektů na obloze v oblasti gama záření. Poté se v roce 1968 zjistilo, že hvězda záření vydává v rychlých pulzech, a stala se tak jedním z prvních objevených pulsarů.

Pulsary jsou zdroje silného elektromagnetického záření, které vydávají v krátkých a pravidelných pulzech několikrát za sekundu. Při svém objevení v roce 1967 byly velkou záhadou, tým, který objevil první pulsar, dokonce uvažoval, že by to mohl být signál od vyspělé civilizace. Objev pulsaru uprostřed Krabí mlhoviny byl ale silným důkazem, že vznikají výbuchem supernovy. Dnes je vědci chápou jako rychle se otáčející neutronové hvězdy, jejichž silné magnetické pole soustřeďuje jejich záření do úzkých paprsků.

Krabí pulsar měří nejspíše 28–30 km v průměru a vydává pulzy záření každých 33 milisekund. Vlnová délka záření je v rozmezí od rádiových vln po rentgenové záření. Jako u všech izolovaných pulzarů se perioda jeho rotace postupně zmenšuje. Občas se tato perioda prudce změní, což je nejspíše způsobeno náhlými změnami uvnitř neutronové hvězdy. Energie vyloučená zpomalením pulsaru je obrovská a pohání vyzařování synchrotronní radiace Krabí mlhovinou, jejíž celkový zářivý výkon je asi 75 000krát větší než zářivý výkon Slunce.

Extrémní výkon pulzaru vytváří neobvykle dynamickou oblast ve středu Krabí mlhoviny. Většina astronomických těles se vyvíjí tak pomalu, že změny jsou vidět jen v rozmezí několika let, změny vnitřní části této mlhoviny jsou vidět každých několik dní.

Původní hvězda

Supernova může vzniknout ze dvou typů hvězd: bílého trpaslíka nebo obrovské hvězdy. V supernově typu Ia bílý trpaslík shromažďuje hmotu z okolí, až nakonec dosáhne Chandrasekharovy meze a exploduje; v typu Ib a Ic a typu II původní velké hvězdě dojde palivo, takže nemůže provádět termonukleární fúzi, zhroutí se do sebe a dosáhne tak obrovské teploty, že exploduje. Přítomnost pulsaru v Krabí mlhovině znamená, že vznikla ze supernovy typu Ib, Ic nebo II, protože typ Ia pulsary nevytváří.

Teoretické modely explozí supernov naznačují, že hvězda, z které nakonec vznikla Krabí mlhovina, musela mít hmotnost mezi 9 a 11 M☉. Hvězdy s hmotností menší než 8 M☉ jsou nejspíše moc malé na to, aby daly vznik supernově, a místo toho vytvoří planetární mlhovinu. Naopak z hvězdy o hmotnosti větší než 12 M☉ by vznikla mlhovina s jiným chemickým složením, než má Krabí mlhovina.

Významný problém ve zkoumání Krabí mlhoviny je ten, že součet hmotnosti mlhoviny a pulsaru je mnohem menší než předpovídaná hmotnost původní hvězdy. Otázka, kam se poděla zbylá hmota, zatím není vyřešená. Hmotnost mlhoviny se odhaduje měřením vydaného světla a spočtením k tomu potřebné hmotnosti pomocí naměřené teploty a hustoty mlhoviny. Odhady jsou v rozmezí 1–5 sluneční hmotnosti a všeobecně se uznává hmotnost 2–3 M☉. Hmotnost neutronové hvězdy se odhaduje na něco mezi 1,4 a 2 M☉.

Převládající teorie pro vysvětlení chybějící hmotnosti je ta, že podstatnou část hmotnosti původní hvězdy odnesl hvězdný vítr před výbuchem supernovy. To by ale vytvořilo okolo mlhoviny "obal", jehož existenci se zatím pomocí pozorování prokázat nepodařilo.

Přechody těles sluneční soustavy
Krabí mlhovina se nachází zhruba 1½° mimo rovinu ekliptiky. To znamená, že Měsíc – a občas nějaká planeta – přechází před mlhovinou nebo ji zakrývá. Slunce před ní nepřechází, ale její koróna ano. Tyto přechody a zákryty se využívají k analýze mlhoviny i těles, které před ní přecházejí, pozorováním změny záření vydávaném mlhovinou.

K mapování rentgenového záření Krabí mlhoviny se používají přechody Měsíce. Před spuštěním rentgenových dalekohledů, jako je rentgenová observatoř Chandra, měla rentgenová pozorování velmi malé úhlové rozlišení, ale když před mlhovinou přechází Měsíc, je její pozice známá velmi přesně, a tak se změny v záření mlhoviny dají použít k mapování rentgenového záření. Při prvním pozorování rentgenového záření Krabí mlhoviny se k určení přesné polohy jeho zdroje využil zákryt Měsícem.

Sluneční koróna projde před Krabí mlhovinou každý červen. Rozdíly v rádiovém záření mlhoviny při této události se používají k určení hustoty a struktury koróny. První pozorování prokázala, že koróna sahá do mnohem větší dálky, než se předtím myslelo. Pozdější pozorování objevila v koróně místa s výrazně odlišnými hustotami.

Výjimečně před Krabí mlhovinou přejde Saturn. V roce 2003 se tak stalo poprvé od posledního přechodu v roce 1296, k dalšímu dojde až v roce 2267. Vědci použili rentgenovou observatoř Chandra k pozorování Saturnova měsíce Titanu, když přecházel před mlhovinou. Objevili, že "stín" Titanova rentgenového záření je větší, než jeho pevný povrch, a to v důsledku pohlcování rentgenového záření jeho atmosférou. Tato pozorování ukázala, že výška Titanovy atmosféry je 880 km. Přechod samotného Titanu nebylo možné pozorovat, protože Chandra zrovna prolétávala Van Allenovými pásy.

Odkazy

Reference

Související články
 New General Catalogue
 Seznam objektů v Messierově katalogu

Externí odkazy

  Informace o Krabí mlhovině v katalogu Cambridgeské univerzity
  Krabí mlhovina na ESA/Hubble
  Messier 1 na stránkách SEDS
  Obrázky Krabí mlhoviny z rentgenové observatoře Chandra
  Stránky Krabí mlhoviny projektu Chandra
  Obrázky Krabí mlhoviny z Hubbleova vesmírného dalekohledu
  Náčrek Krabí mlhoviny lorda Rosse
  NightSkyInfo.com – M1, Krabí mlhovina
  Krabí pulsar v Krabí mlhovině (video)

M001
Emisní mlhoviny
1952
Mlhoviny v souhvězdí Býka
Rameno Persea


Lee Adams has been a voice artist for many years. Her work for the Educational Television Network can be heard on an array of videos, television series, station identifications, and commercials. She is also an accomplished singer-songwriter and lends her talents to various animation projects whenever possible. Lee currently enjoys a healthy relationship recording for Books on Tape (Penguin Random House) that includes both novels and nonfiction.


text:
Eureka flag fragment highlights Australian history auction
A fragment of Australia's infamous Eureka flag will be auctioned as part of Mossgreen's Australian History sale from 10am Monday December 11 at 926-930 High Street, Armadale.
The flag flew at Eureka Stockade, also known as the Eureka Rebellion, which took place on December 3, 1854 at the Eureka Diggings in Ballarat, Victoria when disgruntled goldminers fed up at being ill-treated by authorities and forced to pay high mining licence fees decided to rebel.
Unique memorabilia in collector car auction
In addition to the classic motorcars offered for sale at Mossgreen's Collectors Cars auction from 2.30pm Sunday December 10 at 935 High Street, Armadale is a unique memorabilia collection involving three generations of the one motor racing family.
Passionate about car rallies, the late Bill Ferguson frequently participated in events in his 1924 Essex – and a life-long love affair with motor racing began when he first went to the now defunct Strathpine race circuit in Brisbane.
Auction jewellery ideas for Christmas
A 6.49 carat diamond ring with a $120,000-$140,000 estimate could be the ideal Christmas gift for the woman who appreciates classic beauty at Mossgreen's forthcoming Jewels & Watches auction from 2pm Monday November 27 at 926-930 High Street, Armadale Victoria.
Made of 18-carat white gold and accompanied by a GIA diamond grading report dated November 22, 2006, the ring appears on the catalogue cover and is the obvious highlight of the sale.
Unsung watercolour hero brings his wares to auction
Mossgreen's fine art auction from 6.30pm Monday November 27 at 926-930 High Street, Armadale features works by British painter David Thomas Rose (1871-1964) – an unsung hero of watercolour painting.
A civil engineer by profession, in 1904 and 1907 Rose made two of the most influential journeys of his artistic life.
The first was a post in the Harbour of Valetta, Malta. On his way there, he sailed through the Mediterranean Sea, calling in at Egypt, Libya and Tunisia.
'Important art' gets new auction format
Mossgreen has launched a brand new auction format to handle, promote and sell top-end art works by Australian and international artists.
Held twice a year, they will present auction goers with a finely curated selection of rare and collectable paintings and sculptures.
The first of these 'Important Art' sales will be from 6.30pm Monday November 20 at 926-930 High Street, Armadale.
In the catalogue introduction, Mossgreen art specialist Petrit Abazi emphasises the works selected must meet three main criteria.
1930 Penny a huge Australian auction attraction
An Australian 1930 penny acquired in loose change by the brother and sister vendors when they were young collectors is a major highlight of Mossgreen's forthcoming Coins, Medals & Banknotes auction from 6pm Wednesday November 15 at 926-930 High Street, Armadale.
Since the 1950s, the penny has been residing in their Hawthorn Press coin album and has never before been on the market.
Extremely rare, 1930 pennies were never meant to be minted and there are several theories on how they came into circulation.
Historic Falls House coughs up its auction valuables
Historic Falls House at Wentworth Falls in New South Wales Blue Mountains began life in 1850 when Joseph Poll established the venue as a hotel.
Eighty years later, the building was almost destroyed by fire before being completely rebuilt and during the 1990s iconic Australian artist John Olsen and his girlfriend lived there where they set aside a room for his studio.
Historic Australian homestead collection goes under the hammer
In 1847, John Smith leased vast tracts of land among the rolling pastoral vista of New South Wales mid west and established a giant Merino empire that remained a family legacy for 175 years.
Originally called Buree after the Aboriginal tribe which resided there, the property came to be known as Boree Cabonne – Boree after the Myall trees that grew in the valley and Cabonne meaning a big collection or assembly.
Leading Australian conservationist has rare book collection for auction
An outstanding collection of rare and valuable books belonging to one of Australia's leading conservationists and founder of the Australian Wildlife Conservancy Fund, the late Martin Copley (1940-2014), will be auctioned from 2pm Sunday October 22 by Mossgreen at 935 High Street, Armadale.
By buying and managing land throughout Australia, the fund has played a vital role in preserving the habitats of endangered mammal and bird species.
Multi-million dollar D-type Jaguar at Motorclassica auction
The highest value car ever to go to public auction in Australia – a 1955 Jaguar D-type – should have enthusiasts gasping at this year's Motorclassica at Melbourne's Royal Exhibition Building.
One of the most iconic and coveted cars among collectors, the vehicle carries an auction estimate of $7 million to $8 million and is the only genuine Jaguar D-type in Australia.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?php

namespace Google\AdsApi\AdWords\v201809\cm;

/**
 * This file was generated from WSDL. DO NOT EDIT.
 */
class SettingErrorReason
{
    const DUPLICATE_SETTING_TYPE = 'DUPLICATE_SETTING_TYPE';
    const SETTING_TYPE_IS_NOT_AVAILABLE = 'SETTING_TYPE_IS_NOT_AVAILABLE';
    const SETTING_TYPE_IS_NOT_COMPATIBLE_WITH_CAMPAIGN = 'SETTING_TYPE_IS_NOT_COMPATIBLE_WITH_CAMPAIGN';
    const TARGETING_SETTING_CONTAINS_INVALID_CRITERION_TYPE_GROUP = 'TARGETING_SETTING_CONTAINS_INVALID_CRITERION_TYPE_GROUP';
    const TARGETING_SETTING_DEMOGRAPHIC_CRITERION_TYPE_GROUPS_MUST_BE_SET_TO_TARGET_ALL = 'TARGETING_SETTING_DEMOGRAPHIC_CRITERION_TYPE_GROUPS_MUST_BE_SET_TO_TARGET_ALL';
    const TARGETING_SETTING_CANNOT_CHANGE_TARGET_ALL_TO_FALSE_FOR_DEMOGRAPHIC_CRITERION_TYPE_GROUP = 'TARGETING_SETTING_CANNOT_CHANGE_TARGET_ALL_TO_FALSE_FOR_DEMOGRAPHIC_CRITERION_TYPE_GROUP';
    const DYNAMIC_SEARCH_ADS_SETTING_AT_LEAST_ONE_FEED_ID_MUST_BE_PRESENT = 'DYNAMIC_SEARCH_ADS_SETTING_AT_LEAST_ONE_FEED_ID_MUST_BE_PRESENT';
    const DYNAMIC_SEARCH_ADS_SETTING_CONTAINS_INVALID_DOMAIN_NAME = 'DYNAMIC_SEARCH_ADS_SETTING_CONTAINS_INVALID_DOMAIN_NAME';
    const DYNAMIC_SEARCH_ADS_SETTING_CONTAINS_SUBDOMAIN_NAME = 'DYNAMIC_SEARCH_ADS_SETTING_CONTAINS_SUBDOMAIN_NAME';
    const DYNAMIC_SEARCH_ADS_SETTING_CONTAINS_INVALID_LANGUAGE_CODE = 'DYNAMIC_SEARCH_ADS_SETTING_CONTAINS_INVALID_LANGUAGE_CODE';
    const TARGET_ALL_IS_NOT_ALLOWED_FOR_PLACEMENT_IN_SEARCH_CAMPAIGN = 'TARGET_ALL_IS_NOT_ALLOWED_FOR_PLACEMENT_IN_SEARCH_CAMPAIGN';
    const UNIVERSAL_APP_CAMPAIGN_SETTING_DUPLICATE_DESCRIPTION = 'UNIVERSAL_APP_CAMPAIGN_SETTING_DUPLICATE_DESCRIPTION';
    const UNIVERSAL_APP_CAMPAIGN_SETTING_DESCRIPTION_LINE_WIDTH_TOO_LONG = 'UNIVERSAL_APP_CAMPAIGN_SETTING_DESCRIPTION_LINE_WIDTH_TOO_LONG';
    const UNIVERSAL_APP_CAMPAIGN_SETTING_APP_ID_CANNOT_BE_MODIFIED = 'UNIVERSAL_APP_CAMPAIGN_SETTING_APP_ID_CANNOT_BE_MODIFIED';
    const TOO_MANY_YOUTUBE_MEDIA_IDS_IN_UNIVERSAL_APP_CAMPAIGN = 'TOO_MANY_YOUTUBE_MEDIA_IDS_IN_UNIVERSAL_APP_CAMPAIGN';
    const TOO_MANY_IMAGE_MEDIA_IDS_IN_UNIVERSAL_APP_CAMPAIGN = 'TOO_MANY_IMAGE_MEDIA_IDS_IN_UNIVERSAL_APP_CAMPAIGN';
    const MEDIA_INCOMPATIBLE_FOR_UNIVERSAL_APP_CAMPAIGN = 'MEDIA_INCOMPATIBLE_FOR_UNIVERSAL_APP_CAMPAIGN';
    const TOO_MANY_EXCLAMATION_MARKS = 'TOO_MANY_EXCLAMATION_MARKS';
    const UNKNOWN = 'UNKNOWN';

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Tillamook Regional Medical Center (TRMC) received $15,000 from the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute Community Partnership Program to implement a Step It Up! walking group program with the goal of enhancing social support and symptom management for Tillamook County cancer survivors and their support networks.
Physical activity is vital to a healthy life. Walking is a low-cost, easy-to-do activity with many health benefits. And walking groups have been shown to improve both physical and mental well-being. The goal of the Step It Up! Tillamook Cancer Survivors program is to providing cancer survivors and their support networks—friends and family—with access to fun and friendly walking groups that will help them to better cope with the disease, manage their stress, and benefit from a healthy habit.
Other key community stakeholders in the Step It Up! Tillamook project include: OSU Extension Service, North County Recreation District, The Rinehart Clinic, South Tillamook County community liaison, Tillamook County Community Health Centers, and the Tillamook Family YMCA.
This project is funded through the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute Community Partnership Program. This program designed to build sustainable collaborations with Oregon communities by providing grants and other resources to foster development of community‐identified cancer prevention, early detection, treatment, and survivorship projects. The OHSU Knight Cancer Institute has made a decade‐long commitment to invest in this program to develop robust, sustainable programs that benefit the health of all Oregonians. Additional information about the program is available on the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute's website.


text:
Rejecting Public Ownership
Business creators and investors are increasingly choosing not to take their companies public, says the Economist, and one reason is regulation, with its associated risks and costs :
Entrepreneurs have to wait longer—an average of ten years for companies backed by venture capital, compared with four in 1985—and must jump through more hoops. Lawyers and accountants are increasingly specialised and expensive; bankers are less willing to take them public; qualified directors are harder to find, since even "non-execs" can go to prison if they sign false accounts
Legislators and regulators be warned: The more you pile rules and penalties on public corporations, the more businessmen and investors will look for ways out from under the pile.
While one of the "business" forms rising as the public corporation declines is the state-owned enterprise, others include privately owned corporations and various forms of partnership. The Economist laments the lack of transparency and accountability in some of these models -- but for individualist capitalists, it may be worth reflecting on whether greater control of a business by its top manager, especially when that "manager" is actually the company's founder, is actually better. Why is it good for the person who has brought a business into being to sell others the right to fire him?
Hat tip to Future of Capitalism .
Regulation and Taxation
Economics / Business / Finance
Defiant Defendants and Corrupting Incentives
Accessibility Advocates Harass Web Businesses, Disregard Autonomy


Applications are invited for two Postdoctoral Research Assistants in Plasma Theory for Fusion Energy.
The posts are available initially for a fixed-term duration of 2 years, with the possibility of extension for 1 year.
The Universities of Oxford, Strathclyde, Warwick and York, in collaboration with the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, are embarking on a 5-year, EPSRC-funded programme to understand the fundamentals of turbulence in tokamak plasmas. A main objective of this programme is to identify advanced confinement configurations that will lead to compact fusion reactors. Key elements of the programme are the interaction between turbulence and flows, and the impact of the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic field pressure.
The successful candidate(s) will develop new theory to explain the interaction between turbulence and plasma flow observed in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas. Examples of the phenomena of interest are the observation of self-generated flows in the absence of momentum input and the observation of regions of reduced turbulence that are correlated with the presence of strong velocity shear. In collaboration with experimentalists, the candidate(s) are expected to compare the result of the theoretical work to experiments. The post-holder(s) will have the opportunity to teach.
Applicants should hold, or be close to completion of a PhD in physics or a related field and ideally a strong background in Plasma Theory.
Previous experience with numerical methods for fluid dynamics and/or kinetic theory will be an advantage. Candidates are expected to demonstrate ability to manage own academic research, ability to contribute ideas for new research projects, and excellent communication skills.


A porter of Puran's Waste Disposal Company was Saturday morning crushed by the garbage collection truck moments after he had told the driver to reverse, according to eyewitnesses. The incident occurred at Flamboyant Square, Eccles, East Bank Demerara. The driver has been detained. An official of Puran's could not immediately disclose the identity of the porter.


We enjoyed the day watching General Conference as a family. We missed Elder Whitchurch, but thankfully we had a few friends stop by to help us out. Sarah, Fran, and Spencer.
While Paul, Joy Boy and Spencer enjoyed the Priesthood Session at our home (in English), while the girls, Sarah, Fran, and I headed up the mountain to watch the setting sun. We hoped to find someplace to eat but the restaurants were all closed, so we stopped by Macho's house (a friend of Fran's). He has a dog, 2 mean geese (why are geese so mean and ugly?), and a talking green parrot.
We had a blast! Macho fed us a tortilla egg sandwich, yum! But my two girls were too nervous to accept one. So we left Macho's home and headed to Parrillita de Pepe for French fries and naturales (all natural fruit drinks).
We ended the night with Sarah sleeping over. So I read to Curly Cook, to help her get her mind off of GingerSnap not sleeping in her room tonight. Joy Boy had a blast with "the men" (they had homemade hamburgers and ice cream 😋).
We really had a GREAT day!


Walter Carzon has illustrated comic books for DC, Marvel, and Disney Publishing. He has also designed many characters for advertising agencies, and has had several of his art collections published by different publishing houses in Argentina. Walter lives in Argentina.


Quality Air Heating and Air Conditioning > Articles > Air Conditioning > Air Conditioning Repair in Columbus: Why is My AC Freezing?
Air Conditioning Repair in Columbus: Why is My AC Freezing?
When the heat of summer really sets in it is important that you are able to count on the efficient, reliable performance of your air conditioning system. Even the best air conditioning systems are prone to some common operational problems, of course. One such issue is the freezing over of your air conditioner. Like most air conditioning problems, there are a number of different factors that could be causing this issue. The best way to find out for sure why your AC keeps freezing up is to call a qualified professional. For air conditioning repair in Columbus, call Quality Air Heating and Air Conditioning.
Your air conditioner icing up may be a sign that you are running low on refrigerant. This points to another problem: the refrigerant leak itself. Your air conditioning system does not consume refrigerant. Rather, it recycles it over and over. If you are low on refrigerant you most likely have a leak in your system somewhere, though some may have simply been released during maintenance or some other service. To know for sure and to have your refrigerant recharged you must call a qualified air conditioning professional.
There also just may not be enough air flow through your air conditioning unit to keep the coil warm enough. A dirty air filter can account for this, as can multiple closed registers. This is an easy problem to fix, but if you wait too long to repair it you risk further damage to your system.
You may also find that your fan is not working adequately to keep airflow going. It may be impeded in some way or it may just be moving at too slow a setting. Make sure that you get the best, most reliable air conditioning performance possible by dealing with this problem as soon as you can.
Do not force your air conditioning system to operate in a compromised condition. If your AC keeps freezing up, call the professionals at Quality Air Heating and Air Conditioning today. We are the company you can count on to handle your air conditioning repair in Columbus.


text:
Site HarperCollins Dictionary
Ask a Scholar
HarperCollins Bible Dictionary
Timeline Gallery
Add this:
Edmonia Lewis, Hagar, 1875. Carved marble, Smithsonian American Art Museum; Washington, D.C.
Edmonia Lewis was born around 1844 in Greenbush, New York. After briefly attending Oberlin College, where she was influenced by the strong abolitionist movement, she moved to Boston and began carving by the early 1860s. Lewis' medallions of William Lloyd Garrison, John Brown, and other abolitionist leaders gave her a small measure of commercial success. In 1864 she created her most famous work to date: a bust of Colonel Robert Shaw, a Civil War hero who had died leading the all-black 54th Massachusetts Regiment. With the money she earned selling copies of the bust, she moved to Rome, where she created works with African-American and biblical themes, including this neoclassical carving of a trusting and faithful Hagar.
View The Image Gallery
Related Content (1)
Hagar: She Who Speaks with God
Hagar, fleeing Abraham and Sarah's household, is found by an angel of the Lord in the desert and receives a covenant blessing and a personal birth annunciation from God.
Opposed to the practice of slavery.
A number of troops stationed in a particular location.
Browse by subject - click on a letter below.
Browse-A-Z
©Copyright 2019, Society of Biblical Literature | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | Technical Support | Donate
Bible Odyssey has been made possible in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the human endeavor
Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this website, do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities.


Aquatic Passes may be purchased in person or by phone. Those purchased via phone will need to stop by the St. Charles Parks and Recreation Administration Office during regular business hours to pick up their passes. Photos are required for season passes, if you are not able to bring everyone into our office for their photo to be taken you can bring in a clear portrait photo (ex. school photo) and we can take a picture using that.
*A Family Season Pass is defined as a maximum of 4 persons within the same household. Additional family members within the same household exceeding the 4 person limit can be added for an additional $25 per person.
**Loyalty Member: Those who purchased a season pass in BOTH 2017 AND 2018 can qualify for the Loyalty Member rate. Families exceeding the 4 person limit will be required to pay the set fee for additional family members of $25 per person.
THIS OFFER IS AVAILABLE FROM FEBRUARY 4 - APRIL 26, 2019.
Blanchette Aquatic Facility will be available for lap swim in the morning before regular hours. Please come into our Administration Office in Blanchette Park to purchase your pass.
Pass can only be used towards lap swim hours. Regular water park hours not included.
Wapelhorst Aquatic Facility's Lazy River will be available for River Walking in the morning before regular hours. Please come into our Administration Office in Blanchette Park to purchase your pass.
Pass can only be used towards River Walk hours. Regular water park hours not included.
at a reduced rate at the aquatic center of your choice.


text:
Q: undefined reference to symbol 'socket@@GLIBC_2.4' I'm new to Linux and cross compilation. I am facing problems in cross-compiling my project.
arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld: build/backchannel-support.o: undefined reference to symbol 'socket@@GLIBC_2.4'
/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/libc.so.6: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command line

Can someone please help me here.
Thx-

A: I hope your are cross compiling this using makefile :
please check the macros like CC LD make sure are are small cc and ld when define seperately see below
COMPILER ?= ${CC}
LINKER   ?= ${CC}

cc = $(COMPILER)   # if you keep CC here the make file will confuse
ld = $(LINKER)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Planning a party in Pineville and need a DJ? Searching for the perfect party Disc Jockey in Pineville, AR?
You may try searching other nearby Pineville cities & counties.
Find the perfect Pineville DJ or Disc Jockey! Party Blast lists professional DJs and Disc Jockeys for parties in Pineville, AR.


Nick Philippoussis' Prognosis Grim: "Unlikely To Recover" | KIIS 1011 Melbourne.
Nick Philippoussis' Prognosis Grim: "Unlikely To Recover"
A California judge has declined to dismiss the child sexual assault case against Australian tennis coach Nick Philippoussis after staunch opposition from the families of the two nine-year-old girls he allegedly molested.
Philippoussis, 68, suffered a massive stroke in San Diego County Jail last year that has left him bedridden and unable to communicate or respond to stimuli.
The physician treating Philippoussis has described his condition as "slightly comatose" and "a step above a vegetative state".
He may never face a trial.
"Although Philippoussis' prognosis is grim, the victims' family in this case is strongly opposed to dismissing the case at this time," San Diego Deputy District Attorney Garret Wong told AAP.
"The victims in this case are entitled to justice and we view a dismissal in this case at this time as premature and inappropriate given the circumstances."
Philippoussis' lawyer, Ryan Tegnelia, said it was "unlikely in the extreme" his client would recover from the stroke.
At a brief hearing in San Diego on Thursday Mr Wong asked for a six-month continuance and the judge agreed, scheduling a readiness conference for December 12.
A preliminary hearing date was also set for January 17.
Mr Wong said Philippoussis' condition has not had any meaningful improvement since the stroke and Philippoussis is not competent to proceed with the case at this time.
"Philippoussis' treating physician has informed us Philippoussis is conscious, but still non-ambulatory and unable to communicate," Mr Wong said.
"His condition is described as a 'slightly comatose' and 'a step above a vegetative state'."
Philippoussis is accused of molesting two nine-year-old girls he coached in San Diego and if convicted, faces a maximum life jail sentence.
He is charged with 14 counts including oral copulation/sexual penetration with a child under 10 years old and lewd acts upon a child.
He entered not guilty pleas before suffering the stroke.
Philippoussis, the father of former world top 10 Australian tennis star Mark Philippoussis, was arrested during a morning raid at his San Diego home in July and was held at San Diego County Jail until he suffered the stroke in November.
Mr Tegnelia said Philippoussis is able to open his eyes but he "does nothing but lie in bed and get fed".


text:
http://sajhaandolan.com/2019/05/21/38867858 Al Shabaab
Sheikh Ahmed Iman: A Fallen Enigma
The recent death of Sheikh Ahmed Iman after a US airstrike struck a building in Lower Shabelle has sent ripples through the Al Shabaab organization and especially its top leadership.
Ahmed Iman, also known as Abu Zinira Al-Kenyi was among the highest ranking Kenyans in Al shabaab. He hailed from Majengo in Nairobi where he was the leader of Muslim Youth Centre (MYC) and is a former student of Kenyatta University. He was known to be an active radicaliser, master propagandist and defacto leader of the Kenyan fighters in Al Shabaab, and was said to have pioneered the El Adde attack of January 2017 that led to the death of more than 130 Kenyan troops. One of the most wanted men in the world, he was killed together with 40 other Al Shabaab members, most of them top commanders while attending a high profile meeting.
Following his timely death, several rifts have emerged within Al Shabaab ranks with Kenyan and other foreign fighters encountering persecution by their Somali counterparts. According to reports, Ahmed Iman and his cohorts were sold out by another Al Shabaab top commander who decried lack of equality between the local and foreign fighters, thereby giving out the location of the said meeting. This comes even after 4 Kenyans accused of spying for security forces were executed by Somali Al Shabaab militants.
Not only has this led to mass desertion by Al Shabaab militants from the group, but also several cases of defections as witnessed with the surrender of Ibrahim Mohammed Bitow, another of Al Shabaab's top commanders. It is reported that he surrendered together with over 100 of his loyal fighters, a sure sign of panic even as AMISOM and SNA close in on the last Al Shabaab surviving strongholds.
Al Shabaab is now on the run with small pockets still occupying few towns in the south and central Somalia. Multiple news sources have announced its impending demise even as the global fight against terror seems to have achieved a sure victory.


The ICIS has chosen Chen Dong, PhD as the recipient of the 2019 BioLegend William E Paul Award for Excellence in Cytokine Research in recognition of his transformative research in immunology, including ground-breaking discoveries in the field of T cell biology and IL-17 family cytokines. Dr. Dong's research focuses on molecular mechanisms whereby immune and inflammatory responses are normally regulated, applying this to the understanding and treatment of autoimmunity, allergy disorders and cancer.
The International Cytokine & Interferon Society (ICIS) announced today that the Seymour and Vivian Milstein Award for Excellence in Cytokine and Interferon Research (The 'Milstein Award') has been bestowed on two world leaders in deciphering the fundamental mechanisms of innate immunity in directing cytokine driven responses. Akiko Iwasaki, Ph.D., and Hao Wu, Ph.D., will share the 2019 Milstein Award at the 31st Milstein Award ceremony on October 20 at Cytokines 2019, in Vienna, Austria.
Sharareh (Sherri) Kermanshachi of The University of Texas at Arlington has won the 2018 Design-Build Institute of America, or DBIA, Distinguished Leadership Award in the faculty category.
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Foundation announces the winning teams in the 2018-2019 Student Design/Build/Fly (DBF) Competition held April 11-14 inTucson, Arizona. The team representing the University of Ljubljana won the event's $2,500 first-place prize, while the team from Georgia Tech won the event's $1,500 second-place prize. The winner of the event's $1,000 third-place prize was Austria's FH Joanneum of Applied Sciences.
UC Santa Barbara professors Alison Butler, José Cabezón, Brenda Major and Rachel Segalman have been elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. They join 210 other new fellows and international members of the prestigious organization. Their selection brings to 41 the number of UC Santa Barbara faculty members who have been named fellows of the academy.
Two scientists at UC Santa Barbara whose work has contributed in significant ways to our understanding of nature and of our place in it have been recognized by the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation.
Three from Penn have been recognized as members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vice Provost for Faculty Anita L. Allen, a faculty member in the Law School and the School of Arts and Sciences, Daniel J. Rader of the Perelman School of Medicine, and Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein of Perry World House were elected for their expertise and significant contributions to their fields.
South African AIDS researcher and scientist, Salim Abdool Karim, Ph.D., CAPRISA Professor of Global Health at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, has been elected a fellow of the prestigious Royal Society, the world's oldest science academy.


Local best-sellers are listed in the Sunday paper and several of those listed have arrived on the library shelves this week. The number one book in eastern Iowa this week, "The Sacred Acre: The Ed Thomas Story," by Mark Tabb is a title all will recognize. Ed Thomas was 58 years old and helping his community recover from a tornado when he was gunned down by one of his former students while working with a group of Parkersburg football and volleyball players. The murder of this hometown hero shocked the nation. Ed's family and community reeled from the shock. This double tragedy is no match for faith, love and the power of forgiveness.
Coming in at number six on the list is "What It Means to Be a Hawkeye: Kirk Ferentz and Iowa's Greatest Players," by Lyle Hammes. More than 50 of the biggest names from eight decades of Iowa football share in their own words their Hawkeye gridiron memories.
Not making the best-seller list just yet but available a for check-out is The Gazette's "Greatest Moments In Iowa Hawkeye Football History." This is a nostalgic trip down memory lane of unforgettable stories of special players and coaches from when Iowa stood above the rest.
Off the sports field, but still in the nonfiction category is the epic story of one of England's greatest families, "The Churchills: In Love and War," by Mary S. Lovell. The Churchills were an extraordinary family and Winston was recently voted "The Greatest Briton." His failures and triumphs are revealed in a poignant and sometimes tragic private life.
On the fiction side of the shelf, look for "Cold Wind" and "Back Of Beyond" by C J Box. Both are novels in the Joe Pickett series. In "Cold Wind," Earl Alden is found dead dangling from a wind turbine and it's Earl's wife and Pickett's mother-in-law, Missy, who is arrested. But Joe questions whether the death is what it appears to be. Is Missy set up? With the sheriff on one side, his mother-in-law on the other and estranged friend, Nate, on his own mission, whichever way this goes, it's not going to be good. In "Back Of Beyond," brilliant cop and recovering alcoholic Cody Hoyt learns his mentor and AA sponsor is found burned to death in a remote mountain cabin. In a cat and mouse game where it is apparent that the murderer is aware of Cody's every move, Cody treks into the wilderness to stop the killer.
"One Dog Night" is the latest of David Rosenfelt's Andy Carpenter mysteries. When Noah Galloway is arrested for the arson murder of 26 people, he knows that he needs defense attorney Andy Carpenter. Andy soon learns that the arson is just the beginning of an ongoing conspiracy that grows more deadly by the day.
"Deadly Cove" is the seventh novel by Brendan Dubois in the Lewis Cole mystery series. In times of economic uncertainty, Lewis Cole presses ahead investigating the murder of a charismatic activist at an anti-nuclear protest.


At Sapphire Living Space we've made a commitment to only offer our customers the highest quality bathroom and kitchen fittings. We understand that everyone's tastes are unique, and ensuring we are supplying these high grade materials across our variety of designs is of upmost significance. We also know that every detail is important when designing a new space in a home, and we're proud of the broad range of luxury fixtures we have available, both at your request and in our Exeter show room. Through partnerships with international brands such as bulthaup, we are able to maintain this level of quality throughout our various services and products.
Our partnership with bulthaup allows us exclusivity with in the south-west, our Exeter show room is the only place to see bulthaup's latest innovative and highly functional kitchen designs. We have a range of bulthaup kitchens at our disposal, each suited to particular tastes and to serve particular purposes. A brilliant instance of this is one of our favourite kitchens, B2 on our website, which is stunningly inspired by a carpenter's workshop.
In fact, just last month our friends at bulthaup were successful in placing 1st Kitchen brand in WirtschaftsWoche Magazines list of the top 30 luxury brands in Germany. WirtschaftsWoche is a well-respected weekly Business paper, and this is the second time bulthaup has made the list. In fact this is the second year running that they have secured the same position, beating out the competition by successively getting higher scores. It's also worth mentioning that the magazine's list was not limited to luxury furnishing companies, but also included leaders from the automotive and other industries.
Of course it's not down to luck that our partners at bulthaup were able to retain this position, rather, it is a testament to their skill and ever-impressive craftsmanship. bulthaup is consistently able to blend perfectly engineered functionality and awe inspiring aesthetic design to create spaces that not only suit their surroundings, but also improve them. We are proud to be able to work with a company such as bulthaup to bring our customers their dream kitchens, in part because of our shared passion for innovation, and in part because we truly believe their products to be of the most superior quality.
Ultimately bulthaup is an independent company that is pushing the kitchen market forward thanks to its commitment to innovative ideas and risk-taking strategies. For this reason they seem to be the perfect match for us at Sapphire Living Space, as we too are fundamentally concerned with changing people's interactions and relationships with their environment. After all of that, we really just wanted to congratulate our friends in Germany, well done!


Join us for lunch in our railroad side cafe or take lunch and some of our baked goods home with you. Established in 1983, Homemades by Suzanne offers more than 24 years of catering excellence. Our food is prepared fresh daily by our professional and experienced staff.


NCIS returns tonight, and it's the beginning of the end of Ziva's time on the show.
"Whiskey Tango Foxtrot" -- An explosion at a D.C. event that results in a casualty connected to the agency changes Parsons' (Colin Hanks, center) perspective on Gibbs (Mark Harmon, left) and the NCIS team, on the 11th season premiere of NCIS, Tuesday, September 24 (8:00-9:00 PM, ET/PT) on the CBS Television Network. Also pictured: Pauley Perrette (right) Photo: Cliff Lipson/CBS ©2013 CBS Broadcasting, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
NCIS' new season kicks off tonight at 8 PM on CBS.


Jan 01 Day's play in the Calcutta Test vs West Indies cancelled by riots on this day in history.
Jan 01 Maurice Leyland, cricketer (41 Tests for England, 2764 runs), dies in the year 1967.
Jan 03 "Tonight Show" is shortened from 105 to 90 minutes in the year 1967.
Jan 03 In the year 1967 jack Ruby, the man who shot suspected JFK assassin Lee Harvey Oswald, dies in a Dallas hospital.
Jan 05 US folk singer Jesse Winchester crosses Canadian border after being served draft papers for military service; applies to became a Canadian citizen. on this day in history.
Jan 06 "Milton Berle Show" last airs on ABC-TV in the year 1967.
Jan 06 Arnhem "Tata" Joseph Weiss, "the Zigeunerbaron," buried on this day in history.
Jan 06 Two homemade buses collided on a mountain road in Terpate, Philippines plunging off a cliff, killing 84, injuring 140 in the year 1967.
Jan 07 "Newlywed Game" premieres on ABC TV on this day in history.
Jan 07 Carl Schuricht, composer, dies at 86 in the year 1967.
Jan 07 On this day in history fighting is reported between Chinese Red Guards and workers in Nanking.
Jan 09 Georgia legislature seats Representative Julian Bond on this day in history.
Jan 10 Dutch Princess Margret marries Pieter van Vollenhoven in the year 1967.
Jan 10 Lester Maddox inaugurated as Governor of Georgia on this day in history.
Jan 11 Romeinse Curie installs Council for Pontifical Study commission on this day in history.
Jan 13 Rolling Stones appear on Ed Sullivan Show in the year 1967.
Jan 14 20,000 attend Human Be-In, SF on this day in history.
Jan 14 20,000 attend the Human Be-In, San Francisco on this day in history.
Jan 14 New York Times reports Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments in the year 1967.
Jan 14 Sonny & Cher release "The Beat Goes On" in the year 1967.
Jan 03 Magnus Gustafsson, Sweden, tennis star was born on this day in history.
Jan 04 David Wayne Toms, Monroe LA, PGA golfer (1992 Northern Telecom-3rd) was born on this day in history.
Jan 04 Michael "Mike" Peterson, Wash DC, rower (Olympics-1996) was born on this day in history.
Jan 03 Jack Ruby, assassin who killed assassin Lee Harvey Oswald, dies at 55 in the year 1967.
Jan 06 Arnhem "Tata" Joseph Weiss, "the Zigeunerbaron," buried died on this day in history.


We're located...In Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A.
Ministering to Philippines, India, Africa, Australia, Europe, Kuwait, Nepal, Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore, Canada, Mexico, West Indies, United States, and around the world.
Elvis Iverson is a person of deep prayer, deep soaking, and loves the Gospel of Grace, His apostolic and prophetic call to the church first and then to the nations for the glory of Christ to raise up new apostolic wineskins, and partaking in the coming revivals and massive harvests of souls. His articles, teachings, ebooks, and books are touching many believers in many nations around the earth for the glory of Christ.
Ministering in the Philippines, India, and USA, and the ends of the world with signs and wonders, and mighty deeds.


t's time to get together again, make new connections and simply spend a good time accompanied by outstanding live music! Surprise live pop-jazz band featuring Estonian instrumentalists, and an Estonian-born pop-jazz singer Raahel Pilpak.
An open forum about culture as a tool to create a community, build bridges between nations and raise awareness of Estonia. US-based Estonian cultural entities looking to the future together as a team.
Duo Malva & Prinks create an illusion of a big band on stage by using accordion, vocals, and body percussion in a rock band set-up. Their music is original and inspired by Estonian folk tunes. Come an experience how an accordion can jam out a guitar solo!


text:
Oghenekevwe Uchechukwu
A warning strike commenced by the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) on February 14, which was supposed to last about four…
Nigeria has taken several steps to drive a sustainable agricultural sector, including the decision to close its land borders for two years,…
TNG investigationsTrending
Explainer: Understanding the $418 Paris club refund controversy
The Nigeria Governors' Forum (NGF) on Monday denied claims that it reached an agreement with the federal government, over the controversial $418…
EconomyTNG investigations
INVESTIGATION: Nigerians could pay over N450 per litre of petrol from July 2023
Nigeria's President Muhammadu Buhari will present the 2023 appropriation bill before the National Assembly in September, and the country's projection to spend…
TNG investigationsTop Story
FACTCHECK: Chief of Defense Staff's misleading claims on Owo church attack 'suspect'
The Chief of Defence Staff Lucky Irabor, announced during a media parley that joint operation between the Nigerian Army, Department of State…
INVESTIGATION: How 'Omo-oniles', real-estate firms defraud Lagos residents
Owning a house of any size and in any location has become one of the most important success factors, given the high cost of purchasing a land, bureaucratic land registration process, devaluation of the naira which leads to high cost of building materials and the menace of land grabbers, popularly called 'omo-oniles' in Lagos state. The term 'omo-Onile' traditionally means indigenous landowners, but is now also used to describe land grabbers and scammers who defraud unsuspecting Nigerians by either selling a single landed property to multiple buyers, selling of houses under litigation or collection of taxes or fees on already sold lands.
PoliticsTNG investigations
'Go and Verify': Claims made by Peter Obi that are false
The Labour Party's Presidential candidate in the 2023 general elections Peter Obi has made several claims that have turned out to be false, despite his popular 'Go and Verify' campaign slogan. Obi, in the latest figures quoted, claimed that annual exports from Nigeria was less than $30 billion and we have over 100 million people living in poverty.
Special Report: How Nationwide 'okada', mining ban would reverse Buhari's 9 million jobs
Tackling unemployment was one of the strategic campaign promises on which Nigeria's President Muhammadu Buhari rode to victory in 2015 when the…
We bought more guns with N60 million ransom collected for release of Jangebe school girls, Zamfara bandit reveals
In north-western Nigeria ultra-violent bandit gangs raid villages, attack drivers, abduct schoolchildren and kill anyone who resists. At least 279 school girls…
EconomyNigeria
Special Report: Examining implications of CBN's 14% monetary policy rate
Rising inflation rate which peaked at 18.6 per cent in June, unsettled members of Nigeria's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), resulting in a unanimous vote to tighten the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) from 13 per cent to 14 per cent.


text:
Docgo
Resumes & CVs
Causes and Consequences of Migration in the 13th Century Tonto Basin
Archaeological evidence for migration into the Tonto Basin during the early Classic period (ca. A.D, 1150-1350) is examined in this study. The Tonto Basin, located…
share by Stark, Miriam T.
Please download to get full document.
Share Causes and Consequences of Migration in the 13th Century Tonto Basin
size(px) auto 750x600 750x500 600x500 600x400
This site is like the Google for academics, science, and research. It strips results to show pages such as .edu or .org and includes more than 1 billion publications, such as web pages, books, encyclopedias, journals, and newspapers. All materials on our website are shared by users. If you have any questions about copyright issues, please report us to resolve them. We are always happy to assist you.
Discourses on the Nuclear Deal: Persistence of Independence (Economic and Political Weekly, 2008)
Strategies in Teaching
Causes and Effects of Conflict in the Nigerian Construction Industry
The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names
Roles and function of educational in the 21st century education
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF MIGRATION IN BUILDING RESILIENCE AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE
The Nature, Causes and Consequences of Harm in Emotionally-Demanding Occupations
Sample essay on the causes and consequences of deforestation of the amazon rainforest
Julia. The Causes and Consequences of Mass flowering on pollinating and fruit eating fauna
What is Art? - A research on the concept and perception of Art in the 21st Century
Saul/Paul's View of the Law, Salvation, and Sovereinty of God in the First Century
'De Saracenico in Latinum Transferri: Causes and Effects of Translation in the Fiscal Administration of Norman Sicily'
A PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF BANK DISTRESS IN NIGERIA
Causes and Consequences of Protracted Melting of the Mid-Crust Exposed In the North Himalayan Antiform
The Causes and Consequences of Sex-Specific Mortality In a Freshwater Copepod
21 Caught between East and West: Ukrainian migration in the 21st century
Anazasi
Causes and Effect of Delay in the ConstructioThe Function of Images In the Production and The accession of Turkey in the EU and the Kurmigration in the Roman worldKingdom of Castile in the Middle AgesRepresentation of Suicide in the Visual ArtsQuality of Training in the VET sectorHistory of slavery in the Mediterreneanprevention and control of fraud in Nigeria baHistory of Grand Duchy of Lithuania In the XV
© 2020 NeeDoc.Net. All rights reserved.


text:
FIRE > REDRUP v. NEW YORK
REDRUP v. NEW YORK, 386 U.S. 767 (1967)
Legal Principle at Issue:
Whether the conviction of a New York newsstand clerk for selling two "obscene" paperback books violated First Amendment free speech guarantees.
Advocates for Respondent
Fletcher Jackson
Advocates for Petitioner
Emanuel Redfield
Hugo Black William Douglas Potter Stewart William Brennan Byron White Earl Warren Abe Fortas
John Harlan (1955-71) Tom Clark
REDRUP
No. 3.
Argued October 10, 1966.
Decided May 8, 1967.[*]
CERTIORARI TO THE APPELLATE TERM OF THE SUPREME COURT OF NEW YORK, FIRST JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.Sam Rosenwein argued the cause for petitioner in No. 3. With him on the briefs were Stanley Fleishman and Osmond K. Fraenkel. Mr. Fleishman argued the cause and filed briefs for petitioner in No. 16. Emanuel Redfield argued the cause and filed briefs for appellants in No. 50.
H. Richard Uviller argued the cause for respondent in No. 3. With him on the brief were Frank S. Hogan and Alan F. Scribner. John B. Browning, Assistant Attorney General of Kentucky, argued the cause for respondent in No. 16. With him on the brief was Robert Matthews, Attorney General. Fletcher Jackson, Assistant Attorney General of Arkansas, argued the cause for appellee in No. 50. With him on the brief were Bruce Bennett, Attorney General, H. Clay Robinson, Assistant Attorney General, and Jack L. Lessenberry.
*768 Morris B. Abram and Jay Greenfield filed briefs for the Council for Periodical Distributors Associations, Inc., as amicus curiae, urging reversal in all three cases. Horace S. Manges filed a brief for American Book Publishers Council, Inc., as amicus curiae, urging reversal in No. 50.
Charles H. Keating, Jr., and James J. Clancy filed briefs for Citizens for Decent Literature, Inc., as amicus curiae, urging affirmance in Nos. 3 and 16.
These three cases arise from a recurring conflict—the conflict between asserted state power to suppress the distribution of books and magazines through criminal or civil proceedings, and the guarantees of the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution.
In No. 3, Redrup v. New York, the petitioner was a clerk at a New York City newsstand. A plainclothes patrolman approached the newsstand, saw two paperback books on a rack—Lust Pool, and Shame Agent—and asked for them by name. The petitioner handed him the books and collected the price of $1.65. As a result of this transaction, the petitioner was charged in the New York City Criminal Court with violating a state criminal law.[1] He was convicted, and the conviction was affirmed on appeal.
In No. 16, Austin v. Kentucky, the petitioner owned and operated a retail bookstore and newsstand in Paducah, Kentucky. A woman resident of Paducah purchased two magazines from a salesgirl in the petitioner's store, after asking for them by name—High Heels, and Spree. As a result of this transaction the petitioner stands convicted *769 in the Kentucky courts for violating a criminal law of that State.[2]
In No. 50, Gent v. Arkansas, the prosecuting attorney of the Eleventh Judicial District of Arkansas brought a civil proceeding under a state statute,[3] to have certain issues of various magazines declared obscene, to enjoin their distribution and to obtain a judgment ordering their surrender and destruction. The magazines proceeded against were: Gent, Swank, Bachelor, Modern Man, Cavalcade, Gentleman, Ace, and Sir. The County Chancery Court entered the requested judgment after a trial with an advisory jury, and the Supreme Court of Arkansas affirmed, with minor modifications.[4]
In none of the cases was there a claim that the statute in question reflected a specific and limited state concern for juveniles. See Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U. S. 158; cf. Butler v. Michigan, 352 U. S. 380. In none was there any suggestion of an assault upon individual privacy by publication in a manner so obtrusive as to make it impossible for an unwilling individual to avoid exposure to it. Cf. Breard v. Alexandria, 341 U. S. 622; Public Utilities Comm'n v. Pollak, 343 U. S. 451. And in none was there evidence of the sort of "pandering" which the Court found significant in Ginzburg v. United States, 383 U. S. 463.
The Court originally limited review in these cases to certain particularized questions, upon the hypothesis that the material involved in each case was of a character described as "obscene in the constitutional sense" in *770 Memoirs v. Massachusetts, 383 U. S. 413, 418.[5] But we have concluded that the hypothesis upon which the Court originally proceeded was invalid, and accordingly that the cases can and should be decided upon a common and controlling fundamental constitutional basis, without prejudice to the questions upon which review was originally granted. We have concluded, in short, that the distribution of the publications in each of these cases is protected by the First and Fourteenth Amendments from governmental suppression, whether criminal or civil, in personam or in rem.[6]
Two members of the Court have consistently adhered to the view that a State is utterly without power to suppress, control, or punish the distribution of any writings or pictures upon the ground of their "obscenity."[7] A third has held to the opinion that a State's power in this area is narrowly limited to a distinct and clearly identifiable class of material.[8] Others have subscribed to a not dissimilar standard, holding that a State may not constitutionally inhibit the distribution of literary material as obscene unless "(a) the dominant theme of the material taken as a whole appeals to a prurient interest in sex; (b) the material is patently offensive because it *771 affronts contemporary community standards relating to the description or representation of sexual matters; and (c) the material is utterly without redeeming social value," emphasizing that the "three elements must coalesce," and that no such material can "be proscribed unless it is found to be utterly without redeeming social value." Memoirs v. Massachusetts, 383 U. S. 413, 418-419. Another Justice has not viewed the "social value" element as an independent factor in the judgment of obscenity. Id., at 460-462 (dissenting opinion).
Whichever of these constitutional views is brought to bear upon the cases before us, it is clear that the judgments cannot stand. Accordingly, the judgment in each case is reversed.
It is so ordered.
MR. JUSTICE HARLAN, whom MR. JUSTICE CLARK joins, dissenting.
Two of these cases, Redrup v. New York and Austin v. Kentucky, were taken to consider the standards governing the application of the scienter requirement announced in Smith v. California, 361 U. S. 147, for obscenity prosecutions. There it was held that a defendant criminally charged with purveying obscene material must be shown to have had some kind of knowledge of the character of such material; the quality of that knowledge, however, was not defined. The third case, Gent v. Arkansas, was taken to consider the validity of a comprehensive Arkansas anti-obscenity statute, in light of the doctrines of "vagueness" and "prior restraint." The writs of certiorari in Redrup and Austin, and the notation of probable jurisdiction in Gent, were respectively limited to these issues, thus laying aside, for the purposes of these cases, the permissibility of the state determinations as to the obscenity of the challenged publications. Accordingly, the obscenity vel non of these publications was not discussed *772 in the briefs or oral arguments of any of the parties.
The three cases were argued together at the beginning of this Term. Today, the Court rules that the materials could not constitutionally be adjudged obscene by the States, thus rendering adjudication of the other issues unnecessary. In short, the Court disposes of the cases on the issue that was deliberately excluded from review, and refuses to pass on the questions that brought the cases here.
In my opinion these dispositions do not reflect well on the processes of the Court, and I think the issues for which the cases were taken should be decided. Failing that, I prefer to cast my vote to dismiss the writs in Redrup and Austin as improvidently granted and, in the circumstances, to dismiss the appeal in Gent for lack of a substantial federal question. I deem it more appropriate to defer an expression of my own views on the questions brought here until an occasion when the Court is prepared to come to grips with such issues.
[*] Together with No. 16, Austin v. Kentucky, on certiorari to the Circuit Court of McCracken County, Kentucky, argued on October 10-11, 1966, and No. 50, Gent et al. v. Arkansas, on appeal from the Supreme Court of Arkansas, argued October 11, 1966.
[1] N. Y. Pen. Law § 1141 (1).
[2] Ky. Rev. Stat. § 436.100. The Kentucky Court of Appeals denied plenary review of the petitioner's conviction, the Chief Justice dissenting. 386 S. W. 2d 270.
[3] Ark. Stat. Ann. §§ 41-2713 to 41-2728.
[4] 239 Ark. 474, 393 S. W. 2d 219.
[5] Redrup v. New York, 384 U. S. 916; Austin v. Kentucky, 384 U. S. 916; Gent v. Arkansas, 384 U. S. 937.
[6] In each of the cases before us, the contention that the publications involved were basically protected by the First and Fourteenth Amendments was timely but unsuccessfully asserted in the state proceedings. In each of these cases, this contention was properly and explicitly presented for review here.
[7] See Ginzburg v. United States, 383 U. S. 463, 476, 482 (dissenting opinions); Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 U. S. 184, 196 (concurring opinion); Roth v. United States, 354 U. S. 476, 508 (dissenting opinion).
[8] See Ginzburg v. United States, 383 U. S. 463, 499, and n. 3 (dissenting opinion). See also Magrath, The Obscenity Cases: Grapes of Roth, 1966 Supreme Court Review 7, 69-77.
EDMUND G. BROWN, JR., GOVERNOR OF CALIFORNIA, et al., PETITIONERS v. ENTERTAINMENT MERCHANTS ASSOCIATION, et al., 564 U.S. 786 (2011)
UNITED STATES v. MICHAEL WILLIAMS, 553 U.S. 285 (2008)
JOHN D. ASHCROFT, ATTORNEY GENERAL v. AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION et al., 542 U.S. 656 (2004)
CITY OF LITTLETON, COLORADO v. Z. J. GIFTS D-4, L. L. C., A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY, DBA CHRISTAL'S, 541 U.S. 774 (2004)
UNITED STATES, et al. v. AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION, INC., et al., 539 U.S. 194 (2003)
CITY OF LOS ANGELES v. ALAMEDA BOOKS, INC., et al., 535 U.S. 425 (2002)
JOHN ASHCROFT, ATTORNEY GENERAL v. AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION, et al., 535 U.S. 564 (2002)
JOHN D. ASHCROFT, ATTORNEY GENERAL, et al. v. THE FREE SPEECH COALITION et al., 535 U.S. 234 (2002)
UNITED STATES, et al. v. PLAYBOY ENTERTAINMENT GROUP, INC., 529 U.S. 803 (2000)
Obscenity, Sexual Material
CITY OF ERIE, et al. v. PAP'S A. M., TDBA 'KANDYLAND', 529 U.S. 277 (2000)
JANET RENO, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES, et al. v. AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION et al., 521 U.S. 844 (1997)
UNITED STATES v. X-CITEMENT VIDEO, INC., et al., 513 U.S. 64 (1994)
FERRIS J. ALEXANDER, SR. v. UNITED STATES, 509 U.S. 544 (1993)
MICHAEL BARNES, PROSECUTING ATTORNEY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA, et al. v. GLEN THEATRE, INC., et al., 501 U.S. 560 (1991)
OSBORNE v. OHIO, 495 U.S. 103 (1990)
FW/PBS, INC., DBA PARIS ADULT BOOKSTORE II, et al. v. CITY OF DALLAS et al., 493 U.S. 215 (1990)
SABLE COMMUNICATIONS OF CALIFORNIA, INC. v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION et al., 492 U.S. 115 (1989)
MASSACHUSETTS v. OAKES, 491 U.S. 576 (1989)
FORT WAYNE BOOKS, INC. v. INDIANA et al., 489 U.S. 46 (1989)
POPE et al. v. ILLINOIS, 481 U.S. 497 (1987)
CITY OF NEWPORT, KENTUCKY, et al. v. IACOBUCCI, DBA TALK OF THE TOWN, et al., 479 U.S. 92 (1986)
ARCARA, DISTRICT ATTORNEY OF ERIE COUNTY v. CLOUD BOOKS, INC., DBA VILLAGE BOOK & NEWS STORE, et al., 478 U.S. 697 (1986)
BETHEL SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 403 et al. v. FRASER, A MINOR, et al., 478 U.S. 675 (1986)
NEW YORK v. P.J. VIDEO, INC., DBA NETWORK VIDEO, et al., 475 U.S. 868 (1986)
CITY OF RENTON et al. v. PLAYTIME THEATRES, INC., et al., 475 U.S. 41 (1986)
BROCKETT v. SPOKANE ARCADES, INC., et al., 472 U.S. 491 (1985)
NEW YORK v. FERBER, 458 U.S. 747 (1982)
CALIFORNIA ex rel. COOPER, CITY ATTORNEY OF SANTA ANA, CALIFORNIA v. MITCHELL BROTHERS' SANTA ANA THEATER et al., 454 U.S. 90 (1981)
NEW YORK STATE LIQUOR AUTHORITY v. BELLANCA, DBA THE MAIN EVENT, et al., 452 U.S. 714 (1981)
SCHAD et al. v. BOROUGH OF MOUNT EPHRAIM, 452 U.S. 61 (1981)
FLYNT et al. v. OHIO, 451 U.S. 619 (1981)
VANCE et al. v. UNIVERSAL AMUSEMENT CO., INC., et al., 445 U.S. 308 (1980)
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION v. PACIFICA FOUNDATION et al., 438 U.S. 726 (1978)
PINKUS, DBA ROSSLYN NEWS CO. et al. v. UNITED STATES, 436 U.S. 293 (1978)
WARD v. ILLINOIS, 431 U.S. 767 (1977)
SPLAWN v. CALIFORNIA, 431 U.S. 595 (1977)
SMITH v. UNITED STATES, 431 U.S. 291 (1977)
MARKS et al. v. UNITED STATES, 430 U.S. 188 (1977)
YOUNG, MAYOR OF DETROIT, et al. v. AMERICAN MINI THEATRES, INC., et al., 427 U.S. 50 (1976)
MCKINNEY v. ALABAMA, 424 U.S. 669 (1976)
DORAN v. SALEM INN, INC., et al., 422 U.S. 922 (1975)
Sexual Material
ERZNOZNIK v. CITY OF JACKSONVILLE, 422 U.S. 205 (1975)
SOUTHEASTERN PROMOTIONS, LTD. v. CONRAD et al., 420 U.S. 546 (1975)
JENKINS v. GEORGIA, 418 U.S. 153 (1974)
HAMLING et al. v. UNITED STATES, 418 U.S. 87 (1974)
ROADEN v. KENTUCKY, 413 U.S. 496 (1973)
HELLER v. NEW YORK, 413 U.S. 483 (1973)
ALEXANDER et al. v. VIRGINIA, 413 U.S. 836 (1973)
MILLER v. CALIFORNIA, 413 U.S. 15 (1973)
PARIS ADULT THEATRE I et al. v. SLATON, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, et al., 413 U.S. 49 (1973)
KAPLAN v. CALIFORNIA, 413 U.S. 115 (1973)
UNITED STATES v. 12 200-FT. REELS OF SUPER 8MM. FILM et al. (PALADINI, CLAIMANT), 413 U.S. 123 (1973)
UNITED STATES v. ORITO, 413 U.S. 139 (1973)
PAPISH v. BOARD OF CURATORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI et al., 410 U.S. 667 (1973)
CALIFORNIA et al. v. LARUE et al., 409 U.S. 109 (1972)
KOIS v. WISCONSIN, 408 U.S. 229 (1972)
RABE v. WASHINGTON, 405 U.S. 313 (1972)
UNITED STATES v. THIRTY-SEVEN (37) PHOTOGRAPHS (LUROS, CLAIMANT), 402 U.S. 363 (1971)
UNITED STATES v. REIDEL, 402 U.S. 351 (1971)
GROVE PRESS, INC., et al. v. MARYLAND STATE BOARD OF CENSORS, 401 U.S. 480 (1971)
BLOUNT, POSTMASTER GENERAL, et al. v. RIZZI, DBA THE MAIL BOX, 400 U.S. 410 (1971)
HOYT et al. v. MINNESOTA, 399 U.S. 524 (1970)
WALKER v. OHIO, 398 U.S. 434 (1970)
BLOSS et al. v. DYKEMA, 398 U.S. 278 (1970)
ROWAN, DBA AMERICAN BOOK SERVICE, et al. v. UNITED STATES POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT et al., 397 U.S. 728 (1970)
CAIN et al. v. KENTUCKY, 397 U.S. 319 (1970)
CARLOS v. NEW YORK, 396 U.S. 119 (1969)
STANLEY v. GEORGIA, 394 U.S. 557 (1969)
LEE ART THEATRE, INC. v. VIRGINIA, 392 U.S. 636 (1968)
HENRY v. LOUISIANA, 392 U.S. 655 (1968)
RABECK v. NEW YORK, 391 U.S. 462 (1968)
INTERSTATE CIRCUIT, INC., et al. v. CITY OF DALLAS, 391 U.S. 53 (1968)
GINSBERG v. NEW YORK, 390 U.S. 629 (1968)
INTERSTATE CIRCUIT, INC. v. CITY OF DALLAS, 390 U.S. 676 (1968)
FELTON et al. v. CITY OF PENSACOLA, 390 U.S. 340 (1968)
I.M. AMUSEMENT CORP. v. OHIO., 389 U.S. 573 (1968)
ROBERT-ARTHUR MANAGEMENT CORP. v. TENNESSEE ex rel. CANALE, DISTRICT ATTORNEY GENERAL, 389 U.S. 578 (1968)
CHANCE v. CALIFORNIA, 389 U.S. 89 (1967)
CENTRAL MAGAZINE SALES, LTD. v. UNITED STATES, 389 U.S. 50 (1967)
POTOMAC NEWS CO. v. UNITED STATES, 389 U.S. 47 (1967)
CONNER v. CITY OF HAMMOND, 389 U.S. 48 (1967)
ADAY et al. v. UNITED STATES, 388 U.S. 447 (1967)
BOOKS, INC. v. UNITED STATES, 388 U.S. 449 (1967)
KENEY v. NEW YORK, 388 U.S. 440 (1967)
FRIEDMAN v. NEW YORK, 388 U.S. 441 (1967)
RATNER et al. v. CALIFORNIA, 388 U.S. 442 (1967)
COBERT v. NEW YORK, 388 U.S. 443 (1967)
SHEPERD et al. v. NEW YORK, 388 U.S. 444 (1967)
AVANSINO et al. v. NEW YORK, 388 U.S. 446 (1967)
CORINTH PUBLICATIONS, INC. v. WESBERRY et al., 388 U.S. 448 (1967)
ROSENBLOOM v. VIRGINIA, 388 U.S. 450 (1967)
A QUANTITY OF COPIES OF BOOKS et al. v. KANSAS, 388 U.S. 452 (1967)
SCHACKMAN et al. v. CALIFORNIA, 388 U.S. 454 (1967)
REDMOND et ux. v. UNITED STATES, 384 U.S. 264 (1966)
A BOOK NAMED 'JOHN CLELAND'S MEMOIRS OF A WOMAN OF PLEASURE' et al. v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF MASSACHUSETTS, 383 U.S. 413 (1966)
MISHKIN v. NEW YORK, 383 U.S. 502 (1966)
GINZBURG et al. v. UNITED STATES, 383 U.S. 463 (1966)
JACOBELLIS v. OHIO, 378 U.S. 184 (1964)
GROVE PRESS, INC., v. GERSTEIN, STATE ATTORNEY, et al., 378 U.S. 577 (1964)
TRALINS v. GERSTEIN, STATE ATTORNEY, 378 U.S. 576 (1964)
BANTAM BOOKS, INC., et al. v. SULLIVAN et al., 372 U.S. 58 (1963)
MANUAL ENTERPRISES, INC., et al. v. DAY, POSTMASTER GENERAL, 370 U.S. 478 (1962)
SMITH v. CALIFORNIA, 361 U.S. 147 (1959)
KINGSLEY INTERNATIONAL PICTURES CORP. v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, 360 U.S. 684 (1959)
KINGSLEY BOOKS, INC., et al. v. BROWN, CORPORATION COUNSEL, 354 U.S. 436 (1957)
ROTH v. UNITED STATES, 354 U.S. 476 (1957)
BUTLER v. MICHIGAN, 352 U.S. 380 (1957)
SUPERIOR FILMS, INC. v. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF OHIO, DIVISION OF FILM CENSORSHIP, HISSONG, SUPERINTENDENT, 346 U.S. 587 (1954)
UNITED STATES v. ALPERS, 338 U.S. 680 (1950)
WINTERS v. NEW YORK, 333 U.S. 507 (1948)
MUTUAL FILM CORPORATIONN v. INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF OHIO, 236 U.S. 230 (1915)
FOX v. STATE OF WASHINGTON, 236 U.S. 273 (1915)
John R. Rink, "Redrup v. New York (1967)," First Amendment Encyclopedia.
Topics: Freedom of Speech & Expression,	Obscenity,	Sexual Material


Looking for something fun and poetry-related to spice up your summer? Why not try writing some poetry? Now, before you sigh in exasperation with a sarcastic why didn't I think of that? – hear me out.
This is probably the easiest of the three I'm going to mention. It requires a few more materials than the usual pen and paper, but you most likely have all of the materials already in your house. The aforementioned materials are newspapers or magazines that you don't mind cutting up, scissors, paper, and glue (or tape, if you prefer).
Start by looking through the magazines or newspapers and cutting out words that catch your eye. If you really want to challenge yourself, set limits, such as each cut-out has to be at least three words long, or you have to use the full word – no chopping them up to fit the poem.
Then, start arranging the words you've cut out to form a poem. Once you're happy with the configuration, glue or tape the words to the page.
And voila! You are now a poet (and perhaps you didn't even know it).
In its simplest form, this method of creating poetry only needs two things: a marker and a page of text written by someone else. It can be a page that's fallen out of an old discarded book, or it can be a scan/photocopy of a page from your favourite novel. Personally, I prefer the latter – you can make several drafts before you decide what the final version of your poem will look like (or, if you're like me, have several backups in case you mess up).
The most basic way to create poetry with these materials is to use the marker to black out any words you won't be using in your poem. Alternatively, you can use whiteout instead of a marker. Or really anything that can cover up words, for that matter.
Some people decide to get even more creative and add an artistic aspect – a design or relevant illustration – to the page rather than just blacking out the unused words.
I don't actually know what this type of poetry is called, but it was a fun assignment when we did it in one of my creative writing classes.
First, find a novel you enjoy. Take the last line of the novel, and use it as the first line of your poem. Then take the first line of the novel and use it as the last line of your poem. Fill in the rest of the poem to connect the two lines. If you really want to challenge yourself, try to make the poem completely unrelated to what the novel is about.
If you decide to try any of these, I hope you have fun!


text:
Surprise interest in Sheffield Wednesday striker as Accrington Stanley consider transfer swoop
Sheffield Wednesday: Victory for fans as future of Hillsborough secured with new protective status
SportFootballSheffield Wednesday
The hugely important role played by Barry Bannan and Steven Fletcher at Sheffield Wednesday
It's often argued that there's a selfish streak amongst modern day footballers; an 'I'm alright, Jack' approach whereby an emphasis is placed only on their own personal form and circumstances rather than that of the team's.
By Chris Holt
Friday, 28th February 2020, 4:22 pm
Sheffield Wednesday boss Garry Monk, while possibly believing that's a sweeping generalisation, has accepted leadership roles in changing rooms have diluted in modern times.
That's why he has been so impressed by what he has seen, heard and read from the likes of Barry Bannan and Steven Fletcher over the course of the last week as the Owls brought an end to their horrible run of form with four points from two games against Birmingham and Charlton.
And Monk will continue to look towards such as the Scottish pair as he looks to push a previously confidence-sapped Wednesday back up the table.
Sign up to our Sheffield Wednesday newsletter
Key Sheffield Wednesday pair Barry Bannan and Steven Fletcher
"Senior players are massively important; players like Barry and Fletch, the experience they have, the kind of standing in the changing room, it's important that they use that influence in the right way," said Monk ahead of Saturday's visit of Derby County.
"They've done that and I think they've understood that and grown into that a bit more and that's what you want. You want leadership. It can't just come from myself or the staff, it has to come from within as well.
"That's something in football that's changed a lot. There isn't as many, there's more of a reluctance towards that.
"I spoke to the players, I think there's a culture where everyone wants to be liked all the time, that's their main priority, whereas when it comes to the critical moments where we could be best friends but we need to fall out in that moment to get the best out of you and get the best out of me, you have to be able to do that.
Owls boss Garry Monk with striker Steven Fletcher Pic Steve Ellis
"That comes from leadership, so I try to encourage that all the way and slowly but surely I think more and more are getting to grips with that and showing that themselves."Both Bannan and Fletcher have been vocal in their backing of Monk in the past week as the manager had come under pressure following a string of poor performances and results.
"It's great they say those words, of course, but you would like to think that's what you would do anyway as your job, you try and help these guys and build that relationship with all of them," Monk said.
"It can be difficult, relationships, at times because you have to make difficult decisions but if you can earn the respect of the group, that's what I have always thought.
"If you can earn their respect, the respect comes from honesty, if you are very straight with players and they can see you are trying to help them and are very honest with them they will always respect you. They don't have to like every decision that you make."
Sheffield Wednesday nail Nathaniel Mendez-Laing to a fresh contract despite Wigan Athletic interest
Sheffield United transfer rumours: Blades midfielder switch 'close', West Brom striker could be set for recall
West Ham United make push for Sheffield Wednesday youngster as scouts watch on
Ex-Leeds United and Sunderland man Connor Wickham's surprise move to Sheffield Wednesday's League One rivals


High ratio mortgages are available for traditional residential homes, investment properties, and multi-unit residential complexes such as apartment buildings. On residential homes, a high ratio mortgage is one that exceeds 80% of the associated real estate security for qualified income applicants. For those self-employed borrowers seeking financing on low-doc programs, a high ratio mortgage is deemed to be any loan in excess of 75% of the real estate security.
A High ratio mortgage, or insured mortgage as they are sometimes referred to, are considered riskier than their conventional mortgage cousins as there is a reduced amount of equity available should the borrower default on the mortgage payments. In some cases, as a result of looser borrowing standards in the 21st century, some borrowers may have a high-ratio loan that exceeds the value of their real estate security.
As a result of this higher risk, in Canada all of the traditional mortgage lenders are required to insure all of their mortgage loans that exceed the conventional mortgage maximums. The result has been a reduction in the required capital reserves banks set aside to cover losses on such mortgages, despite their higher risk, as the various high ratio mortgage insurance companies such as CMHC, GE, and AIG have agreed to re-imburse the original mortgage lender for any losses on insured mortgages.
In 1946, CMHC was founded to expand the demand for housing in Canada and the accessibility of homeownership for less well-to-do borrowers. The result was a half-century housing boom that saw a continued decline in the size of downpayments, and the advent of leveraged investment properties.
These insured mortgages are now available for first mortgages, second mortgages, and even secured lines of credit. Even borrowers with slightly blemished credit, or unusual income situations, may qualify through a mortgage broker in Toronto and Canada's non-bank mortgage lenders.
FACTOID:The invention of the mortgage insurance platform was a key enabler in the securitization process, as insured mortgage loans have become a low risk investment for many institutional and private investors around the world. In Canada, the majority of these mortgage loans were historically funded and packaged by CMHC, and then securitized through the Canadian Mortgage Bond (CMB) program.
TIP: The invention of high ratio insurance has allowed investors to purchase income producing property with substantially reduced equity, thus increasing their returns as a result of leverage. While such strategies do carry inherent risks, they have become the cornerstone of many investors wealth generation strategies.
A nice and an informative blog.Very much usefull for the realtors.
If are reading the paper and you see and ad stating ?Land for Sale Tucson Arizona? you are looking at a sign of good things to come. Tucson is a beautiful city of diversity, culture and a rich heritage that is growing and becoming one of the premier southwestern metropolitan areas, popular with young families and retirees and everyone in between. When you are looking for a place to build a home or a business, you should take a look at land for sale Tucson Arizona.
the associated real estate security for qualified income applicants." In this article, It line is like the ocean in the pitcher.


text:
Q: Why is Eclipse Content Assist not using static imports I'm trying to use JUnit and Mockito with content assist for static imports.
My Content Assist favorites lists:
org.mockito.Mockito.*
When I use content assist for the mock() method, the method is availble, but the import is just get a regular non-static import.  Why is this not working?

A: Eclipse won't look for static imports unless you tell it to. From the Eclipse Java Content Assist Favorites Preferences help page:

To see the static import proposals, make sure Use static imports is enabled on the Content Assist preference page

Admittedly, on my machine it was enabled by default.

A: I'm just getting started with Eclipse, but ran into this issue with the tutorial.  I spend a couple of hours trying to figure out what was wrong, when I invoked the content assist with ctrl+O, rather than using hover.  The static members were then displayed correctly.

A: With the Eclipse of 8 years later (Eclipse 2019-12 (4.14.0)), two things are needed:

*

*Window, Preferences, Java, Editor, Content Assist, make sure that the ckeckbox "Use static imports" is ticked.

*..., Content Assist, Favorites, add (if not already there) the types (e.g. org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils) or members (e.g. org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.EMPTY) to the Favorites list, otherwise Content Assist won't propose to static-import those.


text:
NASDAQ:ULTA 3:59:59 PM EDT
Forward PE 88.6
Ulta Beauty, Inc. Stock, NASDAQ:ULTA
1000 REMINGTON BLVD, SUITE 120, BOLINGBROOK, IL 60440
www.ulta.com
Ulta Beauty, Inc. operates as a beauty retailer in the United States. The company's stores provide cosmetics, fragrance, skincare, haircare, bath and body products, and salon styling tools, as well as others, including nail products and accessories. It offers private label products consisting of Ulta Beauty Collection branded cosmetics, skincare, and bath products. As of March 9, 2017, the company operated 974 retail stores in 48 states and the District of Columbia. Its full-service salon offers hair, skin, and brow services; and provides products through its Website, ulta.com. The company was formerly known as Ulta Salon, Cosmetics & Fragrance, Inc. and changed its name to Ulta Beauty, Inc. in January 2017. Ulta Beauty, Inc. was founded in 1990 and is based in Bolingbrook, Illinois.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>Index — upho 0.6.0 documentation</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/sphinxdoc.css" />

    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="#" />
    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />

Navigation

          index

upho 0.6.0 documentation »

Index

Index

Quick search

    <form class="search" action="search.html" method="get">
      <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" />
      <input type="submit" value="Go" />
    </form>

Navigation

          index

upho 0.6.0 documentation »

Index

        © Copyright 2017, Yuji IKEDA.
      Created using Sphinx 4.0.2.


text:
LEGATUM LIMITED
Legatum is a global private investment firm with a 30-year heritage of long-term value creation.
What Guides us
Explore our network
Legatum Plaza
In addition to investments in the global capital markets, Legatum's portfolio includes investments in activities to promote entrepreneurship and free enterprise, programmes to create the policies and ideas that promote prosperity, and initiatives to alleviate poverty.
Legatum Institute
Legatum Prosperity Index
Legatum Center at MIT
Centre for Entrepreneurs
Demeter Network
Legatum Foundation
The END Find
The Freedom Fund
The Luminos Fund
Our approach is simple: we invest proprietary capital in listed businesses with a focus on identifying hidden or unrealised value, often in investment themes that are played out over years.
Illustrative Investments
SKS Microfinance
We allocate our capital and resources to initiatives and partnerships to help millions of people.
Investing in Development
Investing in Policies & Ideas
Investing in Entrepreneurship
END Fund
Freedom Fund
Legatum.com has been designed using the latest web technologies, please enabled JavaScript for the full experience.
Investing in
Policies & Ideas
Legatum's philanthropic mission has led to investments in development initiatives that have measurably impacted the lives of over 270 million people. Our initiatives are aimed at helping people fulfil their potential, by freeing them from easily treatable diseases and slavery and ensuring children not in school for a variety of reasons can get back into the classroom and receive an education. We established, incubated and have scaled The END Fund, which is focused on helping to eliminate neglected tropical diseases; The Freedom Fund, which is focused on bringing an end to modern slavery across the world and The Luminos Fund, which aims to develop and grow initiatives which help out-of-school children get back to learning in school across emerging economies.
Why does an investment firm care about helping others? Legatum is driven by a deeper purpose. Our vision is to see a more prosperous world for all, and we are committed to using our capital to help make that a reality.
As investors we search for philanthropic opportunities which offer the best social return on investment. While we seek to have an outsized impact through private philanthropy, we have a heart for, and therefore a particular focus on, the vulnerable and the poor. We undertake thorough research and due diligence, are willing to take risks and are relentless in measuring results.
As a result, we've committed to four core areas of philanthropic investment:
Helping the poorest in society
Over the years we have seen first-hand how people can create sustainable lives for themselves and those around them when given the opportunity. When bottom-up solutions developed by an organised community are combined with a flourishing private sector enabled by a supportive government, millions of people living in poverty can enjoy better lives.
Our investment heritage combined with our development experience has led to the launch of philanthropic investment funds that tackle global challenges such as abolishing modern slavery and ending Neglected Tropical Diseases. These philanthropic investment funds are dedicated charitable funding vehicles open to external investors. Operating with the discipline and transparency of an investment fund, our goal is to mobilise hundreds of millions of dollars to scale up proven interventions globally.
Sector : Health, Education, Human Liberty, Economic Empowerment, Disaster Recovery, Environment
Through the Legatum Foundation, Legatum invests in community-based organisations and projects that have improved the lives of over 270 million people through nearly 1,500 projects in more than 110 countries since 1999. In many cases, only a modest initial grant is required to build upon an existing project and to ensure its sustainability. These projects are clustered into a series of Strategic Initiatives, each lasting three to five years. This approach maximises the impact of the grant and provides enough time to produce measurable results without encouraging over-reliance on a single donor.
The END Fund
Sector : Health
Visit Website View Case Study
Legatum began addressing the scourge of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in 2006. The remarkable success of its pilot programmes in Rwanda and Burundi led to the establishment of The END Fund by the Legatum Foundation in 2012.
Today, the END Fund is an independent organisation, bringing together private donors to accomplish one big goal: to see an end to NTDs in our lifetime. The Fund is the world's first private philanthropic initiative to combat the five most prevalent NTDs and is supported by a growing community of global philanthropists. The END Fund provides financing for nationwide disease control initiatives, creating new programmes, supplementing existing ones, and using leveraged funds to extend and deepen impact.
In the Fund's first five years, it successfully treated more than 140 million men, women, and children with over 331 million treatments, trained more than 750,000 health workers, and provided over 10,000 surgeries for people suffering from these preventable and controllable diseases.
Sector : Human Liberty
More than 30 million people are trapped in modern slavery, forced to work in brothels, mines, sweatshops, plantations and fishing fleets around the world. Founded by Legatum Foundation in 2013 in partnership with Humanity United and Walk Free, the Freedom Fund is an active ingredient in a new abolitionist movement that is raising more than $100 million for the fight against modern slavery.
Building on fifteen years of anti-slavery work funded by Legatum Foundation, the Freedom Fund generates private funding, demonstrates how effective interventions can protect those at risk of being enslaved, invests in countries with the greatest incidence of slavery, brings together a community of activists committed to the cause and, ultimately, aims to bring an end to modern slavery. Legatum hopes through the Freedom Fund to catalyse over $1 billion in new private antislavery investments over the coming decade.
Sector : Education
At least 60 million primary-school-aged children are out of school globally due to illness, poverty and lack of security. Facing a life of illiteracy, most will live in a debilitating poverty that will pass to future generations.
Speed School is an accelerated learning programme operated by the Luminos Fund which equips out-of-school students with basic reading, writing and math skills. The programme enables those children to compress three years of curriculum into ten months, after which they can re-enter the public school system.
To date, the programme has focussed on Africa and helped over 125,000 children excluded from the education system get back into school.
Level 3, Legatum Plaza
Dubai Intl. Financial Centre
(Switchboard)
E: info@legatum.com
LEGATUM NETWORK
Legatum is a global private investment firm with a 30-year heritage of long-term value creation. In addition to investments in the global capital markets, Legatum's portfolio includes investments in the following initiatives:
Copyright © Legatum Limited - 2019. All rights reserved.


The eXplorist 310 uses SiRFstarIII™ GPS for high sensitivity, and it has upto 5 meters of GPS accuracy. It is fully waterproof and has internal memory of almost 2GB. This amazing GPS receiver is preloaded with the features of WASS, EGNOS and MSAS and it shows waypoints, routes, geocaches and more.
The Magellan eXplorist 310 has many exciting features for users of all types. It's one of FactoryOutletStore's best selling Magellan Outdoor GPS. You can extend the lifetime of your Magellan eXplorist 310 with the purchase of a FactoryOutletStore Factory Protection Plan. See the Magellan eXplorist 310 gallery images above for more product views. FactoryOutletStore stocks a full line of accessories like Bracketron PHV-202BL-Magellan, Bracketron UGC-102-BL-Magellan, and Car Charger for the Magellan eXplorist 310. The Magellan eXplorist 310 is sold as a Brand New Unopened Item.
Though my newly purchased Magellan eXplorist 310 uses the same hardware as my previous eXplorist GC, as additional features it offers me with active tracking, way point creation and track summary.
One of the most impressive features of my Magellan eXplorist 310 handheld GPS device is that, it has the capacity to support nearly 10,000 paperless geocaches. Moreover, I can easily expand the map coverage & detail with the help of the regional versions of Magellan's Summit Series topographic maps.


Special Officer Frank Cornelius was shot and killed in Oklahoma City by two men who attempted to rob him at gunpoint. He drew his weapon and a shootout ensued in which he was fatally wounded. The two men escaped but one was wounded.
Officer Cornelius was also wounded and taken to University Hospital where he succumbed to his wounds two days later.
Two suspects were apprehended two months later. They were convicted and sentenced to prison.
Officer Cornelius had served in WWI and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and the Croix de Guerre. He had previously served as a policeman in Norman, Oklahoma, and is buried in Wynnewood, Oklahoma. Officer Cornelius was survived by two brothers and one sister.
On today, the 96th anniversary the of your death I would just like to say thank you for your service and sacrifice-not just as a Law Enforcement Officer but for our Country as well when you're served during WW I fighting the Germans in Europe.


Look for product sales when selecting Bayfront Reclining Loveseat By American Eagle International Trading Inc.. More often than not furniture is wear transaction. If you require a a number of part, it will save you a lot of cash by with consideration waiting for the price being reduced. You could possibly ask your best Bayfront Reclining Loveseat By American Eagle International Trading Inc. store when the piece will be marked for less money. If you want a new sofa, attempt getting a single with many completely protected soft cushions. These soft cushions stay longer and may be switched routinely. Essentially, you should get a furniture with removable includes in order to very easily wash them. Easily-removed handles can also be changed quickly just in case you are not able to clear a blemish Acquire Bayfront Reclining Loveseat By American Eagle International Trading Inc. later in. Following this current year, it really is frequent for retailers to get these items off their store flooring. This can bring about some great revenue and discount rates.
An elegant and stylish dining room table can acquire the most out of any meal you like with family or friends. Within the particular case of buddies, they will likely judge you because when and also elegant your dining room- dining room table- looks. Are you contemplating purchasing new furnishings for the kitchen or dining room? This short article will help you sample the top best ten modern platforms in 2018 reviews. A few of the elements that established the rankings for these products consist of, although not limited to, versatility, design, comfort, dimension, supplies utilized, and set up desk comes with seats. The materials mostly considered are steel and wood as the dimensions are a measure of how many people a specific desk can accommodate easily.
Love this area - we're creating a new home and also have visited tons of Bayfront Reclining Loveseat places. We strolled in and had been helped by Austin texas and we're very happy with all the choices! He was able to allow us to completely personalize our trainer to the precise dimensions we would have liked and since shipping was incorporated we could purchase a few more Products we wanted. Overall we decided to go with this particular place because of so many other options we'd and are happy about it. Great support and great items!
i was looking for a sofa L formed sofa with a sleeper home furniture. i happened to drive by this place and decided to take a look. amazing value and great support. rich was extremely helpful personally. solved the problem choose the perfect material and solved the problem calculate every thing to ensure that i possibly could choose the best shape and size in my sofa. wound up obtaining a part sofa couch wit sleeper for less than 4k, fifty percent the cost i found for comparable things at other places. i'd recommend this area if you are searching for any couch! they've a lot of other Bayfront Reclining Loveseat like well.
Couldn't believe just how much much better the pricing was for the same Bayfront Reclining Loveseat I had been taking a look at here as opposed to other places using their what are known as purchase prices. The location has much more of a warehouse really feel into it with plenty to check out. Does not look too extravagant. Perhaps that's why the prices are less costly, not sure. Rich and Dominic gave me great support and didn't constantly trouble me so I was able to take my time. Recommend. I purchased a house furniture and Bayfront Reclining Loveseat for my child and ended up obtaining a new home Bayfront Reclining Loveseat for me personally and a Bayfront Reclining Loveseat.