Making candles can be great fun. It is very exciting to decide what type of candle to make and get your supplies. However, some individuals quickly become disappointed and frustrated with the process and give up. There are some common problems that beginners experience with candle making. Most of them have quick and easy solutions. It is recommended that all beginners start with the basic candle making process. This gives you the opportunity to learn the basics, then you can move on to making the types of candles you really want to.
One secret to making great candles is to use quality products. In general, candle making supplies are inexpensive. If the wax you purchase is of poor quality, then it is never going to make quality candles. Heating the wax to the proper temperature is very important. The temperature will change depending on the type of candle you are making with it. If the wax isn't hot enough it won't form correctly. Likewise, wax that is too hot will lose luster and won't be as sturdy once it cools.
Have you ever made a beautiful candle, but when you lit it the room filled with smoke rather than the fragrance of the candle? This problem has to do with your wick, it is too long. Simply cut them shorter for future candles. You can snip the tips of the candles you have already created and this should remedy the situation.
Some candles burn and smell great, but they look ugly after a few uses with a crater in the middle of the candle while the edges of the candle jar haven't even been touched. This is the result of a wick that isn't wide enough. It isn't much you can do for candles you have already made except melt the wax in them and start over. You can purchase a wider wick or braid three together to get a good thickness. The wider the candle jar, the wider you need your wick to be for the candle to burn evenly.
Cooling candles is an area of trouble for many beginners. Don't rush the cooling process or you will damage the hardness of the candle. Forcing the candle to cool will also result in bubbles forming in the top and middle of the candle. While it won't be a physical defect, the melting wax will go into these bubbles when you have the candle lit resulting in the wick going out. Candles should be allowed to cool in an area where they won't be moved until completely cool. The area needs to be flat and out of direct sunlight. You will also want to make sure there aren't any heating or cooling vents in the cooling area.
If you notice that your cooled candle isn't as appealing as you'd like because the wax pulled away from the glass jar in some areas, try heating your jars in the microwave for a minute or two right before you fill them. This will help the wax adhere to it correctly with a very smooth look all the way around the jar.
It is important to remember that candle making involves some basic concepts. It will take a few tries to complete the steps properly, but give it some time. You will have to experiment to find the methods that work best in your work environment to make the candles you want. It is suggested that you only make a few candles at a time to keep from wasting money on supplies while you are learning. Make sure the finished product doesn't have any burning issues with the wick or bubbles. If it does, simply melt the wax again and try it once more. Once you have mastered the basics of candle making, you can experiment with different types of candles. The internet is a great place to find candle making tips as well as troubleshooting for your candle making problems.
Votive candles are simple, yet beautiful. These candles are often used to accent a centerpiece or design. Often it entails more than one votive candle, but not always. Votives are very cost effective because they burn for about fifteen hours. Votives must have a holder as they are not safe to use as a free standing candle.
Once the wax has melted, add in any colors and fragrances. Immediately pour the melted wax into the molds, filling them to the lip of the mold. For easy cleanup, place old newspaper under the wax molds before you pour the wax into them. You will need to save about 20% of the melted wax for the next pouring process.
While the wax is cooling in the molds, prepare your wicks. Attack a wick several inches longer than the mold to a wick tab. Dip the wicks into the hot wax. Keep an eye on the votive molds as they won't take as long to cool as other types of candles. Once you can tell the wax is starting to harden, insert a wick with the tab into each mold through the bottom. As the wax continues to cool, it will meld to the metal tab, ensuring it stays in place at the base of the candle. As the candles cool, make sure your wick is staying in the center of the votive.
Once the wax has completely cooled, you will notice a sinkhole in it due to shrinkage. You will want to pour melted wax into the molds again to remedy this. Make the wax about fifteen degrees hotter than the original wax you used to fill the votives. After the candles have completely cooled again, they will slide out of the molds easily. Trim the wick to about ½ an inch from the top of the candle. For safety, you will want to use a votive holder that is an inch or two taller than the candle itself.
Votive candles add class and charm to any home or special occasion. They are fun and simple to make. You can add any color or scent to your votive candles to add a personal touch to them. Votive candles burn for a long time, making them a worthwhile candle to use. They also make excellent gifts. To make the process even less expensive, look for votive candle holders at thrift shops and yard sales. You can further personalize your votive candles by applying pretty ribbon with a hot glue gun around the rim of the votive candle holder.
The art of making candles has been around since primitive times. Of course, as time went by they become much different in design than what they were back then. In the early days, candles were a necessity for heat and light. Today they serve as decorations, wonderfully smelling mechanisms in our homes, and offer light for romantic dinners and baths.
The first known use of candles is not completely known. The remains of clay candle holders that date back to 4 BC have given us the knowledge that they have been in use for a very long time. Those clay candle holders were found in Egypt.
Candles were also used in ancient times in both China and Japan. These candles were made of wax extracted from insects and seeds. The taper candles of India were made from the wax extracted from boiled cinnamon. Candles are not known to exist in American until 1 AD. It is believed Native American's burned oily fish and the back of the Cerio tree. When settlers came to New England, they used similar techniques to extract wax from bayberries. Many modern candle makers still use that process to make bayberry candles. However, it is quite expensive to do so.
Tallow was the product used to make candles in the 1600's and 1700's. This is a byproduct from animal fat. The product worked well but had a foul odor, especially when it was burning. Beeswax and paraffin wax both were introduced in the early 1800's, and tallow stopped being used.
The dipping process for taper candles as we know it today began in 13 AD. Traveler merchants went door to door from town to town. While there, they made taper candles for individuals in their homes. Around 15 AD the idea to use molds for various types of candles was introduced in Paris. While this greatly improved the candle making process, there were still issues with getting the candles to burn properly.
In the 1800's, candle makers felt the wick was the weakest area of the candle as well as the cause for defective burning patterns. A braided wick was developed in 1825 that seemed to greatly improve the burning of several types of candles. By 1830, a process was in place to make candles using paraffin wax and molds. These candles were of good quality and burned well.
As gas and electricity were introduced, the candle making process continued to evolve. It became much easier and faster to melt the paraffin wax. It is believed that the reason so many of the elements of candle making stayed the same, including the hand dipping process is that the popularity of candles diminished with the introduction of electricity.
Today, candle making is a well-known art form. There are many companies who manufacture wonderful candles with some very unique fragrances. There are also small businesses that still make their candles by the home in their kitchen. Candle making is a great hobby and fun activity for the whole family to be involved in.
Candles are now used more for luxury and pleasure than for light or heat. The candle industry continues to grow with new types of candles being introduced all the time. The amount of colors, fragrances, and types of candles to choose from in the marketplace is absolutely amazing.
Candles are a very common home decorating item. They are used to accent any room in your house. They are a common centerpiece for dinner parties and formal occasions. The unity candles that are presided over at many weddings hold a deep sense of tradition in the American culture.
The art of making candles has definitely changed over time. If you are interested in trying your hand at it, choose a candle that is fairly easy to make such as the container candle or the votive. This will allow you the chance to get used to the process. There are several good candle making kits available for a low price as well as books to give you tips and assistance along the way.
Candles are commonly used for lightening a dark room when your home's power is gone or more often in a candlelight dinner. But, the usage of candles is not confined to this only. Introduction of aromatherapy candles have added a new perspective to the usage of candles, candles now serve as a basis to achieve health, vitality and rejuvenating of the body as well as mind and spirit.
Aromatherapy candles are made with beeswax, soybean wax or vegetable oil. One can even find pure essential oil candles on the market. The best thing about aromatherapy candles is that they are environmentally friendly as they are derived from natural plant sources.
 Can be used in any room of your home and provide a wonderful enhancement.
Aromatherapy candles are available in different styles, sizes, and scents. You can choose the appropriate candle as per your requirement and aspiration. Scented candles can add warmth to any home, they can give a clean, refreshing feel. Many candles are scented with essential oils or oils that come from plants.
 Vanilla is very rich and helps to relieve tension and irritability.
Aromatherapy candles are cost effective and are natural candles. They have many benefits over candles made up of paraffin. Soy wax that is most commonly used in making aromatherapy candles is naturally non-toxic, biodegradable renewable resource. It also burns slower and produces very little dust and smoke.
The Internet has made it easier for all to access the desired aromatherapy candles with ease without going out shopping. You can access the infinite number of lenders with just a few clicks. Look for lenders who provide pure aromatherapy candles with essential oil.
Aromatherapy candles are the best cost-effective means to relax and can rejuvenate your senses and body. Choose the desired candles with caution, a little bit of research can help you get the desired candles at a reasonable rate.
The importance of charging and anointing your candles before you use them for spells and rituals cannot be overlooked.
If you wish for your rituals and spells to work to full effect, charging and anointing a candle with a particular oil, or inscribing symbols and words on them, will make the candle and its purpose all that more potent.
For example, if you are performing a love spell or attraction spell to try and find love or to strengthen love you already have, you would use a pink colored candle(pink represents love) and then inscribed love based symbols. After inscribing, you would then anoint that candle with a love based or attraction based oil.
The same could be said to prosperity or wealth based spells and rituals. A green candle would be used(to represent prosperity, wealth, and money) and then inscriptions towards prosperity and wealth would be drawn onto the candle. Afterword, an oil would be anointed that focuses on prosperity.
After cleansing and blessing a spell candle, you should begin to inscribed the candle with symbols or words towards whatever it is your ritual or spell is on.
For example, if you are using a love spell and you wish to obtain the love of someone you know, you can be inscribed your initials and their initials onto the candle, or you can even use the full name of the quarent and yourself. You can add the names alongside with symbols that represent love as well, such as a heart or even ancient symbols of love such as the Reiki love symbol.
You will need something with a fine point to scratch the surface of the candle. It can be a pin, a specialist scribing tool, a cocktail stick or anything else your imagination can dream up. Once you have chosen your tool though, dedicate it properly, then tuck it away in your magical tool chest and reserve it for just this purpose.
As you are inscribing your candle, visualize the outcome. Make it a small ritual in its own right. Once you have inscribed your candle, you may wish to 'Dress' it. This is optional, your choice entirely, but it's easy and again adds to the potency of your spell.
Anointing your candle would be the next step to properly charged your ritual candles. As stated above, you should anoint with oils that are specific to your desired outcome. Therefore if you are looking for love and attraction, you would use those types of oils.
The method for anointing your candle is pretty specific. The most general method is to hold the ritual candle in one hand, dip the first two fingers of the other hand in oil and starting at the top (the end with the wick) run your oiled finger down toward the center of the ritual candle. Stop at the center, lift your finger off, turn the candle slightly and repeat the process until all the top half of the candle is covered. Then starting at the base of the candle, run the oiled fingers toward the center. Again stop at the center, lift the fingers off, turn the candle slightly and repeat the process until the entire bottom of the candle has been coated.
The whole time you are anointing the candle, concentrate on the outcome you wish to achieve with your spell. Experienced spell weavers often anoint the candle in a specific direction depending on the type of spell they are performing. For spells to attract something to the spell-weaver, the candle is anointed from top to middle, then from bottom to middle. For banishing or sending something away i.e... getting rid of bad habits, negative energy, breaking jinxes or hexes, the candle is dressed from the center out to the top, and then from the center out to the bottom.
Once the candle is coated in oil, it can be rolled in herbs relevant to the particular spell you are performing. For example, use Agrimony for breaking hexes and returning them to the sender, use Chamomile for attracting friendship, Hyssop for purification and cleansing, Patchouli for wealth and so on. Once you have lit your spell candle and performed your spell, allow the candle to burn itself out completely.
The use of candles for light and heat is known to have existed in ancient times. The remains of candles have been found in the caves of France. It is believed that cavemen used them while painting and etching on the walls. It is believed those candles were made out of animal fat. The Egyptians used candles as well by dripping beeswax onto leave stems. The burning process of a candle involves the four basic elements of matter which are solids, liquids, gas, and plasma.
Today candle making is a fun hobby or craft. For some, it is a very profitable business venture. Candle making provides you with the ability to create wonderful designs and crafts out of your candles. There is no limit to the shapes, sizes, and colors you can make your candles in. A candle is a device to provide light or fragrance. Candles have become very popular for the wonderful aromas more than for their ability to produce light. Some candles give off a popular smell such as vanilla or jasmine. Others smell like a chocolate cake or cinnamon rolls.
The body of a candle is generally made of paraffin wax. It can also be made out of beeswax. Paraffin wax is a natural wax that comes from plants. This wax can be purchased from Petroleum Refinery or the Specialty Wax Processor. Beeswax is also considered a natural wax and is taken from honeybees. This is the substance the bees use to construct their honeycombs. A wick is placed in the center of the wax before it dries. The wick is made of cotton fibers that have been braided together. The wick is very thin, but also very powerful. Sometimes candle makers will use a wick that is wider than normal to increase the size of the flame.
Safety is a very important part of candle making. The temperature of the hot wax can result in severe burns. There is also the risk of fire. Make sure your candle making area is set up properly and that you have a fire extinguisher in the area. Clean up spills quickly as they will become very slick, leading to falls if you walk across them.
To make candle making fun instead of frustrating, a start will making simple candles. This is a great opportunity for you to discover what works well with your set up and gives you the chance to make necessary changes. Initially, work at implementing good safety habits and melting your wax at the proper temperatures. You will also want to experiment with your cooling process. Once you have these areas down, you will start to relax and the process will become more natural to you. This is the right time to start experimenting with dyes, scents, and shapes for your candles.
The candle making process is easy to follow if you take your time and learn from your mistakes. Those who are impatient and take multitasking to an extreme will most likely not enjoy the art of candle making. However, it is very enjoyable by those who have plenty of time to take with the process and who enjoy creating things. Candle making supplies aren't expensive so use the best you can. This will also help ensure your candles form well and burn properly.
Stearic Powder is flaky. The color is white. This additive doesn't react to humidity at all so it is an agreeable product to use for hardening. They amount you will use depends on the type of candles you are making. This additive helps reduce the temperature needed to melt the wax. Add about three teaspoons for each pound of wax. Be careful not to over use Stearic Powder as doing so will cause damage to the wax.
It is important to remember that candle making involves some basic concepts. It will take a few tries to complete the steps properly, but give it some time. You will have to experiment to find the methods that work best in your work environment to make the candles you want.
The motto of the Ajello Candle Company is "It's better to light a candle than to curse the darkness". This candle making company has been in business since 1775. The business has been family owned for seven generations. The candles from Ajello's are well known for their beauty and quality. While they make more candles now than in 1775, their dedication to quality and to customers has never changed.
The Ajello Candle Company was founded by Rafael Ajello, an Italian painter. He was also a beekeeper, so he tried his hand at using bees wax to create candles. He worked hard to create a formula that worked well. The formula, combined with his outstanding artistic ability, lead to the birth of the Ajello Candle Company. In 1785, the company earned the honor of creating all the candles for the Vatican. He and his wife ran the business, keeping their children involved in the processes from an early age. As time went on, their children and grandchildren kept the business running as well as passed the family business on to their children.
By 1862, the company had established itself as a leader in the candle making industry. They had also added perfumes and many colors to their line of outstanding candles. They decided to extend the business to Manhattan, New York. In both places, the business prospered. Kings and aristocrats in Italy wanted the services of the Ajello Candle Company. They designed candles for weddings, funerals, and ceremonies. They made the candles for the inauguration of the King of Spain in 1876, Pope Pius IX in 1878, and Pope Leo in 1902. Hollywood stars and rich people in Beverly Hills California wanted the candles from the Ajello Candle Company as well. Candles were also ordered by President Roosevelt, Charles Lindbergh, and Rudolph Valentino.
In 1922, the Ajello Candle Company made a memorial candle for their deceased friend Enrico Caruso. This candle was 18 feet tall and weighed more than a ton. It is estimated this candle could burn 24 hours a day for 1,800 years before running out of wax. This enormous memorial candle remains the largest one ever made in the world. Each year it is lit twice to honor the day Enrico Caruso was born and the day he died.
The Ajello Candle Company continued to grow and sells were well beyond anticipated both in Italy and the United States. In 1953 the company was asked to create 2,200 candles for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth. The company was honored to meet the request and had all the candles ready in six months. The Ajello Candle Company was approached to be bought out but refused. The family wanted their candle business to remain just that, not a major corporation.
Despite the creative efforts of the Ajello Candle Company, they were not able to meet the demand for their candles in 1965 during the blackout in New York City. The age of computers has found the Ajello Candle Company offering candles via the internet. Ironically, as Rafael Ajello worked around the clock to make candles for this need, his wife was giving birth to their child at a hospital scrambling to find candles for her room.
The Ajello Candle Company is still going strong today, offering quality candles that are beautiful as well as made of the best quality products. These candles can be purchased in many specialty stores throughout the world as well as on the internet in the comfort of our homes. This candle making business has spanned many generations, yet continues to hold the traditions and values of Rafael Ajello who started this business more than two centuries ago.
Anyone who has access to the internet should take a look at www.ajellocandles.com. Your breath will be taken away at the gorgeous candles there. I have never seen such beautiful wedding candles or unique decorating candles. I have seen a lot of candles, and I was very impressed. While Ajello Candle Company has made many custom candles for celebrities and royalty, they are very willing to do it for you as well. Simply select what you want and they will provide you with the best quality candles ever made.
If you have children in your home, chances are you have an abundance of worn down crayons that don't get used much anymore. Before throwing them out and buying new ones, consider using them to make candles. This can be a great way to turn them into something new and bright again. Most children will love the idea of creating candles with you and enjoy knowing their old crayons helped create them. Making candles out of crayons can also be a great gift giving idea.
Before you get started, discuss safety with your children. Since the crayons will have to be melted at a very high heat, they will not be able to participate in that portion of the candle making process. Assure them that there are many other aspects of the candle making that they can be a part of. To start, gather your supplies. In addition to the crayons, you will need a wax cartoon. This can be from milk, fabric softener, or orange juice. You will also need paraffin wax, two full ice cube trays, a double boiler, and white packing string. If you don't want to use your double boiler an old coffee can and a saucepan will work just as well.
Trim the top off of the wax carton, leaving it approximately six inches high. You will want to cut the string at least 8 inches long. You will later cut the wick to fit the holder. To ensure a wick that burns easier take three pieces and bread them together. Use smaller pieces of string to tie the ends together. The holders for your candles can be anything you desire as long as they are non-flammable. Pretty vases, glasses, and jars work nicely.
Melt about three pounds of paraffin wax in the double boiler or coffee can. To help it melt faster, cut it into small chunks. The melting process with take about fifteen to twenty minutes. While the wax is melting, peel the papers off of the old crayons. You and your children can choose to separate the colors by lights and darks to have a mix that melds well or you can mix it all together and see what the color ends up being.
For best results, only add the crayons to the wax after it has completely melted. After the crayons and wax have both melted together, immediately remove the mixture from the stove and pour into your candle holders. If you would like to make scented candles try adding a splash of cinnamon or vanilla to your hot wax mixture.
It is important that the candles by left alone to completely harden. Make sure you have an area this can be done without disruption. It is also important to make sure small children can't reach them, as out of curiosity they may want to check on their candles. The wax will stay hot for several hours and can scold the skin.
Making candles out of old crayons is a great way to spend the afternoon creating a neat project with your children. This process can also be done at schools and childcare centers with old crayons as presents for parents. Simply allow each child to decorate the outside of their candle holder while adults complete the rest of the process.
Are you short of ideas in deciding a gift for your friend or relatives? Selecting a gift can be a very boring process especially when you do not find a gift as per your choice. If you intend gifting your friend with a unique gift then why not try unique candle gift.
Candles are the sign of love, faith and peace. Even though candle gifts are uniquely designed and have attractive quality it is available at a very reasonable price. Today most web sites offer candles you can buy at any store.
Unique candles gifts are available in scented as well as unscented forms. Thus a unique candle gift basket is a perfect gift not just to spread light but also spread out charming and delicate fragrance.
Candle gift can be a unique gift for moth for mother's day, father's day, wedding, anniversary or Valentines Day. Candle gifts are available for different occasions like Wedding candle gift, Christmas candle gift, Valentine candle gift and so on. These candles are not only useful to gift someone but can also make a beautiful decorative item for your home or office. Candles that are offered are eco-friendly and made up of pure wax and contain no harmful chemicals.
Unique Candle Gifts are popular because its candles last for 14-15 hours and also available in various scented fragrance. The candles that are prepared are not shaped in an ordinary mold but is shaped in excellent and sophisticatedly designed molds that further adds to its beauty.
With the help of Unique Candle Gift you can enjoy the wonderful atmosphere and lightning in your surrounding. So it is the best time to present a warm gift to someone special.
Are you sick and tired of thinking of the perfect gift to give to your friends on their birthdays? Maybe you want to give something a lot more personalized aside from your homey but boring batches of chocolate chip cookies. You hate the thought of giving out generic gifts because you also very much abhor receiving run-of-the-mill gifts that go straight in your basement. It's high time you learn some do-it-yourself potential gift items that truly make the recipients feel honored to have you as a friend.
One time, while I was out shopping, I came across this quaint specialty shop downtown which sells exquisite how-to book on scented candles. The hard-bound book, which include materials for trial, is fairly cheap so I immediately purchased it and went home delighted. The first batch of candles I made wasn't exactly perfect but was good enough to display at my room.
If you're the kind of person who likes romantic candlelight dinner dates or whose idea of relaxation involves quiet reading time by the nook, then the scented ones are for you. These candles come in variety of shapes, sizes and yes, scents that can surely fascinate anyone. Not only are these scented accessories a beauty to behold, they also have the ability to soothe you after a tiring day at work. One has the option to perfume these wax-made products using either synthetic fragrance or essential oils.
Both smell terrific but the latter produce more aromatic scents that can generally ease stress. Essential oils, originating from barks and stems of certain plants and flowers like jasmine, lavender, cedar wood, calendula, and lemon grass, lend unique vibrancy and authentic sensuality to a candle. Fragrance oils, on the other hand, are less expensive but also very appealing.
Do scented candles really have certain health benefits or do they also have negative effects on your body? Actually, there are particular kinds or methods of producing candles which are thought of as harmful. Candle experts agree that wicks that are made from metal are dangerous because they often cause lead poisoning and air pollution. Always make sure you purchase a candle made from paper, hemp, or cotton wicks as they are more health and nature-friendly.
Beeswax and soy varieties are also safer to use instead of paraffin. When buying questionable products, meticulously ask the vendor about the candle's method of preparation or the ingredients used. Make sure the ones you buy don't have chemical additives. Better yet, do your own ration of the candle. Through personally sourcing the materials and preparing them yourself, you can be assured you're using and giving your loved ones only the best.
To start, fill the jar with potpourri. If you desire, add some extras such as dried apples or cinnamon sticks. Fill the jar full enough that when you set the candle holder on top it is even with the top of the jar. Place the candle in the holder once you have got the fit right. Next, glue the ribbon around the top mouth area of the canning jar. You can further personalize your canning jar candles by gluing on decorations. Canning jar candles are a great idea for Mother's Day or crafts for young children to take home.
Canning jar candles are great for all Holidays as well. Add pumpkin cut outs for Halloween, little bunnies for Easter, and Christmas trees or small ornaments for Christmas. Canning candle jars make excellent fundraisers or items to sell at the next craft show. The internet offers many great canning jar candle décor ideas, especially for the holidays. Your local craft stores and the internet are great places to get canning jar candle ideas. Those of you who are more creative will have no trouble designing your own.
McCall's canning jar candles are already made. They come with wonderful labels that are very rustic looking. This candle collection comes in many wonderful fragrances with a zinc wick. These canning jar candles come in two sizes, the 5 ounce that burns for about 30-35 hours and the 16 ounce burns for 110-115 hours. The small candles retail for $13.63 and the larger ones are $24.63. While these are great candles as well, you will miss out on the experience of candle making if you choose to purchase them. You will also be able to make several of your own for the cost of one McCall's canning jar candle.
Before electricity was discovered and before light bulbs were invented, candles were the main source of illumination inside a building. This makes candle making a very necessary art. But even though electric light bulbs are now the main source of light everywhere, candles remain popular because they add to indoor surroundings a touch of coziness and romance in the atmosphere.
Learning candle making as a hobby has its own appeal and popularity primarily because there is nothing more satisfactory than being able to create something useful with one's own hands. Candle making can also be a good source of secondary income if one becomes a master of it.
There are many types of candles that you can learn to make with candle making. The most popular type of candles are called tapers or dinner candles, the long and slender candles that are supposed to be held in place by candlesticks.
The pillar candle is a candle that can stand on its own, with a base that measures three inches or so in diameter. Pillar candles are also called column candles and they come in various shapes.
A jar candle is another popular candle that is made when the wax is poured into a glass container that is designed to resist the heat of the candle it contains as it burns. Jar candles are also referred to as filled candles.
If you are interested in candle making, what materials should you invest in? Contrary to what you may think, the art of candle making does not require a lot of investment. Most of the time, the necessary materials such as the boilers and the molds can be easily substituted for materials readily available in your own kitchen or garage.
• The paraffin wax, which is the basic ingredient for candle making, as well as the wick. If you want to experiment with colors and scents, you can also get dyes and fragrance oils or essential oils.
• A double boiler for heating your wax. A double boiler is a pan inside a pan. The outer pan is for heating water while the inner pan serves to hold the wax being melted. Also, a stove for heating your wax.
• A thermometer for gauging the temperature of your wax. You would need to use a thermometer that is specially designed for candle making because the ordinary household thermometers do not have as high a range.
• A scale, a ladle and a measuring cup. A scale will help you measure the amount of wax you would need to heat for your candles while the ladle is for getting the wax out of its boiler. The measuring cup is for pouring wax into molds – it is safer and easier to do than simply pouring the contents of the boiler into the mold.
• Candle molds and mold seal. The candle molds are for shaping your candles and they come in different shapes, sizes and materials. The cheapest candle molds are made of plastic, but they are not that durable and they cannot withstand too much heat. The best candle molds are those made of metal. The mold seal, on the other hand, prevents the wax from pouring out of the mold.
• A blow torch or heat gun is for melting away imperfections on the surface of your finished candles.
Always remember that safety is paramount in candle making. Be cautious about the materials you are handling and always keep the area where you make your candles clean.
There are lots of people who love to collect different kinds of candles. Colorful and scented candles are widely available these days. Candles are required for a number of purposes. There are people who light candles almost every day while they worship.
If you have a hobby of collecting candles then instead of buying them you can try them at home. You just need to collect the candles making supplies and give some quality time to get homemade candles.
Homemade candles do not only look good but they are cheap. You can create candles of different designs and colors, sizes and shapes. But before taking up the candle making job it is important to get some good candle making ideas.
You can collect candle making ideas from varied sources. Candles can also turn out to be great gifts for birthdays as well as Christmas. If you gift a self made candle to you dear one it can surely become the most special gift.
• Making candles with crayons is a good idea. This process is quite easy. The process is almost similar to making normal wax candles. For this procedure you first need to remove the wrapping papers from the crayons. Next you need to put the crayons in a boiling bag and put it in a pot with boiling water. It will take only ten minutes to melt the crayons and you will get colorful wax out of it. You can then use the molds to create wonderful candles.
• Gingerbread pillar is the other idea that can help you create scented candles especially for Christmas. For this you need to melt the wax and then add some brown color to the wax. At a high temperature then you need to add oil which is ginger scented or you can also add dry ginger. You need to be careful while doing this because ginger is quite spicy and it might induce coughing.
• You can create candles keeping the seasons in mind. If you are making candles in summer then you can choose the beach theme. You can make candles in the shape of star fish and give them bright colors. You can also add a fragrance which smells just like a refreshing ocean breeze.
• Cookie cutter candle is one of the most popular candle making ideas. This can be created as a memento candle by adding something personal. This kind of candle can be made by pouring wax in a large flat box with a number of wicks in it and then cutting the wax with a cookie cutter in the shape you prefer.
If you are a beginner then you need to follow certain steps so that you can utilize the best candle making ideas.
• First of all, it is very important to choose the right material for your candle. You should always compare the options available because it will help you find the best quality product at a lower price.
• Choose good marketing techniques to sell your homemade candles .


text:
Nigeria Loses Billions In Oil Deals Between Oil Companies And Government Officials
Joe Brock,
Nigeria lost out on tens of billions of dollars in oil and gas revenues over the last decade from cut price deals struck between multinational oil companies and government officials, a confidential report seen by Reuters says.
A team headed by the former head of the anti-corruption agency Nuhu Ribadu produced the 146-page study on an oil ministry request. It covers the year 2002 to the present.
Nigeria is Africa's largest crude oil exporter, shipping more than 2 million barrels per day (bpd), and is also home to the world's ninth biggest gas reserves and one of its largest Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) export terminals.
The report provides new details on Nigeria's long history of corruption in the oil sector, which has enriched its elite and provided the oil majors with hefty profits while two thirds of people live in poverty.
Oil Minister Diezani Alison-Madueke told Reuters on Tuesday she had received the report last month but that it was a draft and the government was still supposed to give input. The one seen by Reuters was labeled "Final Report."
The report concluded that oil majors Shell, Total and Eni made bumper profits from cut-price gas, while Nigerian oil ministers handed out licenses at their own discretion. This, while not illegal, did not follow best practice of using open bids. Hundreds of millions of dollars in signature bonuses on those deals were also missing, it said.
"We have not seen this report and are, therefore, unable to comment on the content, but we will study it if and when it is published," a Shell spokesman said.
The report alleges international oil traders sometimes buy crude without any formal contracts, and the state oil firm had short-changed the Nigerian treasury billions over the last 10 years by selling crude oil and gas to itself below market rates.
There was no suggestion that the oil majors or traders had done anything illegal, but the report highlighted a lack of transparency in their dealings in a nation rife with graft.
"It is a draft," Alison-Madueke said. "There will be some areas where the government ... may have a slightly different opinion ... (and) will put its point of view to the committee."
She said she expects the final report to be with President Goodluck Jonathan within two weeks.
MISSING BILLIONS
Ribadu's probe was among several set up following a week of nationwide strikes against a rise in fuel prices in January, which morphed into a campaign against oil corruption.
Billions of dollars of revenue was missing in unpaid debts from signature bonuses and royalties, the report found.
Nigeria LNG, a company jointly owned by the NNPC, Shell, Total and Eni had paid the country for gas at cut-down prices before exporting it to international markets, the report said.
Total and Eni declined to comment because they invest in but do not operate Nigeria LNG, the role played by Shell.
"The estimated cumulative of the deficit between value obtainable on the international market and what is currently being obtained from NLNG, over the 10 year period, amounts to approximately $29 billion," the report said.
It also said foreign oil firms had outstanding debts.
Addax, now a unit of China's state-owned Sinopec, owes Nigeria $1.5 billion in unpaid royalties, part of a $3 billion black hole of unpaid bonuses and royalties owed by oil firms.
Addax did not respond to requests for comment, but the report noted it disputes owing the signature bonuses.
Shell owes Nigeria's government 137.57 billion naira ($874 million) for gas sold from its Bonga deep offshore field, the report said, while oil majors owed $58 million between them for gas flaring penalties. They were also not adhering to newer higher fines.
The probe also said Nigeria was the only nation to sell all its crude through international oil traders rather than directly to refineries, adding that such trades were often opaque.
INFORMAL TRADING
It said some international oil traders who were not "on the approved master list of customers" had been sold crude oil "without a formal contract" so little could be obtained about the details of these deals, which can be worth hundreds of millions of dollars.
"This logically will serve to reduce margins obtainable on sale of crude oil," the report said.
But Alison-Madueke disputed this, saying there are no informal contracts and there is "an official tender put out every year", which can be seen by the public in newspapers.
The state oil firm gets an allocation of 445,000 bpd of crude oil to refine locally but it has been selling itself this oil at cut-down prices, a practice which cost Nigeria $5 billion in potential revenue between 2002-2011, the report said.
"NNPC buys at international rates," Alison-Madueke retorted.
The report said the NNPC made 86.6 billion naira over the 10-year period by using overly generous exchange rates in its declarations to the government. There was no sign of the money.
Nigerian oil ministers between 2008-2011 handed out seven discretionary licenses but there is $183 million in signature bonuses missing from the deals, the report said. Three of these oil licenses were awarded since Alison-Madueke took up her position in 2010, according to the report.
"I have not given any discretionary awards during this administration," Alison-Madueke told Reuters, although she added that the president had the right to do so instead of using bids if he saw fit. "That is entirely up to him," she said.
Among the report's recommendations were that parts of NNPC be reorganized or scrapped, an independent review of the use of traders be set up and a transparency law be passed requiring oil companies to disclose all payments made to Nigeria.
U.S. regulators put new rules in place in August that will require U.S.-listed oil and gas companies to disclose payments they make to foreign governments like Nigeria.
(Additional reporting by Muriel Boselli in Paris, Stephen Jewkes in Milan and Emma Farge in Geneva; editing by Tim Cocks and James Jukwey)
SEE ALSO: The Little Known Story Of How ExxonMobil Seized $300 Million From Hugo Chavez >
Get the latest Oil WTI price here.
More: Nigeria Oil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Finding a flow on your swimming pool could be challenging to get a swimming pool owner. Pool leak detection is a systematic procedure, beginning with the very clear identification of this pool escape symptoms and end with finding the specific location of this fracture, pit, or rip. As swimming escape detection pros, the group in Sterling Pool & Patio Inc. at Windam, New Hampshire, has advanced electronics that enables this procedure to be carried out in a comparatively brief time. We could have your pool checked, repaired, and prepared for another swim in almost no time.
As a pool owner, you are able to conduct a few tests to confirm that the water reduction is in reality a leak rather than evaporation. A fantastic spot to begin the swimming pool leak detection procedure is that the"Bucket Test", a very simple step that could save a great deal of time and a great deal of cash. It's possible to watch the instructions for how to carry out this test using an easy search. Together with the info it is possible to discover by means of this evaluation, we'll have the information we will need to begin quickly on fixing the issue.
Before getting overly concerned about a flow you can perform a very simple test to find out whether water reduction on your swimming pool is because of a flow or is simply evaporation. This simple test is known as the bucket evaluation.
Essentially, bucket evaluation exposes water in a bucket to the very same conditions as those impacting your swimming pool. By assessing the water reduction in each, it's possible to establish whether the pool is leaking or when assumed leaks are simply caused by water being spilled into the atmosphere.
• set the bucket onto the first or next step of this pool. To keep it from drifting away it can be required to put a couple bricks or stones into the bucket. (By putting the bucket in the swimming pool water you're ensuring that the water temperature of each will likely be comparable ).
• Run the pool for 24 hours since it was worked when a flow was initially suspected.
• After 24 hours, then compare the 2 levels. If the pool water (outside markers ) goes down over the interior water level, there's most likely a leak.


This article was posted online by Women's Post Magazine (Canada). Spot On Commerce collects excepts of news articles from this news source and add these in the 'Women and Business'-category. For mor einformation about Spot On Commerce, you can check the About Us-page.


Was Olga Rozanova cheated out of her place amongst the 'greats' of modern abstract art? She certainly thought so.
There are several reasons why it's difficult for us, 100 years later, to disentangle the order of artistic discoveries amongst Russian avant-garde artists. One is that Malevich had a habit of 'back-dating' his work: he often labelled his paintings with the date when the idea first occurred to him, not when he actually put paint to canvas, which was sometimes several years later. Rozanova, for her part, hardly ever dated her works at all.
Another complication is that many artists worked in collaboration with each other, so ideas were shared among the close artistic community long before they went on public display and acquired an official date. In many cases, at this remove, it's simply impossible to put an accurate date on a work.
It seems that Rozanova arrived at abstract art via collage, rather than easel painting. She incorporated elements of collage into her paintings on canvas, but also developed her ideas in her designs for Futurist books. From 1913 onwards she collaborated with Kruchenykh to produce illustrated poetry books, which were radical both in their language and their aesthetics.
Kruchenykh was a pioneer of zaum – 'transrational' or 'beyondsense' poetry –which deconstructs the word, and suggests meaning through sound and intuition rather than literal definitions. It is abstract, both constructed from and essentially about words; obsessed with the word or the letter as an object rather than a means of conveying an idea. Similarly, many of the illustrations and collages that Rozanova produced for the books use colour and line not to signify something concrete, but to construct a whole new system of representation. In fact, at the time, abstract art was often known as 'transrational' art, underlining the connection with zaum poetry.
The books were controversial, and the artists knew it. The front cover of Explodity (1913) shows an impassioned speaker on a dais hurling something (a bomb? A book of poetry?) into a chaotic crowd, as a lightening bolt splits the air. It seems to be saying: "this is what a revolutionary idea looks like".
Rozanova's collage for the front cover of War (early 1916) does bear an unmistakable similarity to Malevich's Suprematist paintings. But does it ultimately matter who inspired whom, or whether they both arrived at the same idea independently? Perhaps it is just worth remembering that focussing on the 'big names' of art history tends to block our view of the smaller ones.


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https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/proof/2017/07/antarctica-expedition-archive-larsen-c.html
PhotographyPicture Stories
100-Year-Old Photos Reveal Antarctica Like You've Never Seen It
Pictures captured by photographer Herbert Ponting in the early 20th century show the coldest continent before climate change took hold.
By Sarah Gibbens
With our polar regions rapidly shrinking—and more bad news this week—it can make one nostalgic for an Antarctica that was, well, intact.
The windiest, coldest, and driest place on Earth, the continent has long attracted explorers on a quest for adventure. National Geographic Magazine in particular has a history of fascination with Antarctica, publishing its first story on the region in 1894.
In 1907, National Geographic published some of the first-ever photos of the icy world. Years later, an issue published in 1924 featured photographs by Herbert Ponting and showed an intimate look at the region few had ever seen. The British photographer also documented parts of the Terra Nova expedition, led by British explorer Robert Falcon Scott from 1910-1912. (See rare pictures of Scott's expedition on the anniversary of his death.)
His black-and-white images show men exploring a striking yet desolate land, clad in bulky clothing with rudimentary equipment and sled dog teams for transportation. Ponting also captured the men's daily lives in their 50-foot-long wooden hut (they ate exotic foods, like penguin and seal), giving people a glimpse of a place few ever go.
A self portrait of photographer Herbert Ponting with a camera. Photograph by Herbert G. Ponting, Nat Geo Image Collection
Scott and his expedition party perished in 1912 while returning from the South Pole—Norwegian Roald Amundsen had beat them to it, becoming the first person to set foot at Earth's southernmost point. (Read "Race to the South Pole" in National Geographic magazine.)
But Ponting, who had stayed behind, returned to the continent in the 1920s to document more of the harsh territory. He died in 1935 back in his native England.
Many of Ponting's Antarctica photos never ran in the magazine, and were later obtained in auction. They show an Antarctica not seen by many—and one we may never see again. (See pictures of our melting world in National Geographic magazine.)
Ponting's pictures, University of Manchester historian Max Jones said in a previous interview, present Antarctica as "a natural fortress to be besieged and conquered by man."
Antarctica Is Melting at a Dangerous Pace—Here's Why


This entry was posted on Monday, September 21st, 2009 at 5:59 pm	and is filed under catching fire, friends, guest blog, novels, suzanne collins, the hunger games, writing. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
In all fairness, I must say I learned the one space rule from our very own Patron Saint of Aspiring Writer, @inkyelbows. She twitters great info on the craft. One of her posts addressed this very topic.
Jen, glad to pass along the info. We're all in this together. We're all on the road, learning together.
@inkyelbows is awesomeness personified. Her cartoons are so clever. Her blog (which is so much more than just a blog) is here: http://www.inkygirl.com/ for anyone who is interested.
Sharla–I'm really surprised that you didn't already know this!!!
Wow, thanks for the links and resources – even in the comments. The 'one space' rule will be hard to break for sure.
~had to edit my comment for that rule. sheesh.
I'm glad my comments are useful to you. I've been thinking about your screenplay. It looked so"typewritery". Did you use a typewriter and scan it? I liked the look of it A LOT!
Finally read both Hunger Games and Catching Fire. Even considering my very limited "reading for pleasure" time I managed to get them both read this past week (school can wait…right?). LOVED THEM BOTH!!!!!!!! Thanks for the suggestion. I even got my mother-in-law to read them and she loved them, too. We can't wait for #3…do you know when it will be out?
Late summer, early fall of this year! Can't wait!! I even got my 13 year old reading it, and that is a feat.


Church growth in Zambia has been enormous over the past 150 years. Although the first missionaries only arrived in the 1850s, eighty percent of the population claims to be Christian. However, this mammoth growth is accompanied by hidden challenges. An African theologian, Tite Tienou (2001, 2006) has explained that 'Africa has the fastest growing church in the world; it may also have the fasted declining church! Numerical growth far outpaces spiritual depth and maturity in African Christianity'. He also considers 'the deepening and nourishing of the faith of those who identify themselves as Christians to be of utmost urgency… This is crucial for the integrity of the gospel'.
A major reason for this critique of African Christianity is the great lack of Bible training. This problem is compounded by inaccessibility of such training for grass-root leaders. Our approach aims to address both of these challenges.
The focus of the curriculum is to equip grass-root church leaders for their ministries and emphasize the essential skills of interpreting, applying and communicating the Bible accurately and sensitively for the context.


text:
in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
EU Method B.12 (Mutagenicity - In Vivo Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
Type of assay:
micronucleus assay
4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): DHDPS
- CAS- No.: 80-09-1
- Physical state: Solid, white
- Analytical purity: 99.87 %
- Lot/batch No.: Batch identification: BB 1020
NMRI
- Source: Charles River Laboratories Germany GmbH
- Age at study initiation: 5 – 8 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 28.03 g (mean body weight)
- Housing: Makrolon cages, type M II; single housing
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Type Lignocel PS 14 fibres, dustfree bedding, supplied by SSNIFF, Soest, Germany
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Drinking water from bottles was available ad libitum
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days
- Temperature (°C): 20 - 24°C
- Humidity (%): 30 - 70%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light from 6.00 - 18.00 hours; 12 hours darkness from 18.00 - 6.00 hours
- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Due to the limited solubility of the test substance in water, DMSO was selected as the vehicle, which had been demonstrated to be suitable in the in vivo micronucleus test and for which historical data are available.
- Type and concentration of dispersant aid (if powder): DMSO is used up to 4 mL/kg body weight only
The animals were treated once orally (gavage) with a volume of 10 mL/kg body weight of the test substance and the vehicle. The positive controls, both dissolved in purified water were administered to male animals once orally (CPP) or intraperitoneally (VCR) each in a volume of 10 mL/kg body weight. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours (all test substance concentrations, vehicle, both positive controls) and 48 hours (highest test substance concentration, vehicle) after the treatment, respectively.
24, 48 hours after dose administration
Dose / conc.:
500 other: mg/L bw (nominal)
1 000 other: mg/L bw (nominal)
5 male animals per dose
yes, concurrent vehicle
Positive control(s):
- cyclophosphamide (CPP); vincristine sulfate (VCR)
- Doses / concentrations: 20 mg/kg bw (CPP); 0.15 mg/kg bw (VCR)
Tissues and cell types examined:
The micronucleus study evaluated the potential of the test article to increase the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of male mice.
Details of tissue and slide preparation:
CRITERIA FOR DOSE SELECTION:
In a pretest for the determination of the acute oral toxicity, at 2 000 mg/kg body weight recommended as the highest dose according to the OECD Guideline all animals (male and female) survived. Weak signs of toxicity (piloerection) were observed over two days. However, there were no distinct differences in the clinical observations between males and females. Thus, only male animals were used for the cytogenetic investigations. Therefore, a dose of 2 000 mg/kg body weight was selected as the highest dose in the present cytogenetic study. 1 000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight were administered as further doses.
METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
For the determination of the test substance concentrations in the vehicle, 6 samples of each dose were taken from the test substance preparations. These were kept at room temperature until the treatment of the last animal (approximately 1 hour) and then were kept deep-frozen. The determination of the concentrations in the vehicle was carried out by means of HPLC The homogeneity of the samples and the stability of the test substance in the vehicle mixture DMSO/corn oil (ratio 2:3) were confirmed indirectly based on these data.
Evaluation criteria:
The mouse micronucleus test is considered valid if the following criteria are met:
- The quality of the slides must allow the evaluation of a sufficient number of analyzable cells; i. e. ≥ 2 000 PCEs per animal and a clear differentiation between PCEs and NCEs.
- The ratio of PCEs/NCEs in the concurrent vehicle control animals has to be within the normal range for the animal strain selected.
- The number of cells containing micronuclei in vehicle control animals has to be within the range of the historical vehicle control data both for PCEs and for NCEs.
- The two positive control substances have to induce a distinct increase in the number of PCEs containing small and/or large micronuclei within the range of the historical positive control data or above.
The statistical evaluation of the data was carried out using the program system MUKERN. The asymptotic U test according to MANN-WHITNEY (modified rank test according to WILCOXON) was carried out to clarify the question whether there are statistically significant differences between the untreated control group and the treated dose groups with regard to the micronucleus rate in polychromatic erythrocytes. The relative frequencies of cells containing micronuclei of each animal were used as a criterion for the rank determination for the U test. Statistical significances were identified as follows:
* p ≤ 0.05
** p ≤ 0.01
However, both biological relevance and statistical significance were considered together.
Genotoxicity:
Vehicle controls validity:
Positive controls validity:
Additional information on results:
No dose-dependent inhibition of erythropoiesis induced by the treatment of mice with 4,4`-sulphonyldiphenol was detected. The ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes was in the range of the vehicle control values in all dose groups.
The administration of the test substance led to weak clinical signs of toxicity.
No other information
Interpretation of results: negative
The test substance 4,4`-sulphonyldiphenol has no chromosome-damaging (clastogenic) effect nor does it lead to any impairment of chromosome distribution in the course of mitosis (aneugenic activity) in bone marrow cells of NMRI mice in vivo.
4,4`-sulphonyldiphenol was tested in a mouse micronucleus assay according to OECD guideline 474 and EU-method B.12. The test substance, dissolved in DMSO and emulsified in corn oil, was administered once orally to male animals at dose levels of 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg body weight in a volume of 10 mL/kg body weight in each case. The animals were sacrificed and the bone marrow of the two femora was prepared 24 and 48 hours after administration in the highest dose group of 2000 mg/kg body weight and in the vehicle controls. In the test groups of 1000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight and in the positive control groups, the 24-hour sacrifice interval was investigated only. After staining of the preparations, 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes were evaluated per animal and investigated for micronuclei. The normocytes with and without micronuclei occurring per 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes were also recorded.
According to the results of the present study, the single oral administration of 4,4`-sulphonyldiphenol did not lead to any relevant increase in the number of polychromatic erythrocytes containing either small or large micronuclei. The rate of micronuclei was within the range of the concurrent vehicle control in all dose groups and at all sacrifice intervals and within the range of the historical vehicle control data. Thus, under the experimental conditions of this study, the test substance 4,4`-sulphonyldiphenol does not induce cytogenetic damage in bone marrow cells of NMRI mice in vivo. The administration of the test substance led to weak clinical signs of toxicity.


text:
Giro dell'Emilia 2020 – 103. edycja wyścigu kolarskiego Giro dell'Emilia, która odbyła się 18 iserpnia 2020 na trasie o długości blisko 200 km z miasta Casalecchio di Reno do miejscowości San Luca. Wyścig był częścią UCI ProSeries 2020.

Wyścig początkowo miał odbyć się w październiku 2020, jednak, ze względu na pandemię COVID-19, doszło do znaczących zmian w kalendarzu UCI, w wyniku których zmagania w Emilii-Romanii zostały przeniesione na sierpień 2020.

Uczestnicy

Drużyny

Klasyfikacja generalna

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Kolarstwo we Włoszech
UCI ProSeries 2020
2020 we Włoszech
Wydarzenia sportowe przeniesione w związku z pandemią COVID-19

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Autore Titolo Data di pubblicazione Riviste Serie Tipologia
Archivio istituzionale della ricerca dell'Università degli Studi di Palermo
01 - Contributo in rivista
1.09 Review essay (rassegna critica)
Background Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality has been extensively applied to subjects affected by mood disorders (MOOD). However, most studies are widely heterogeneous in terms of sample size, methods of assessment, and selection of participants. Methods We conducted a systematic review of literature and a random effects meta-analysis of studies comparing at least two of the following groups: (a) adults with a primary MOOD diagnosis (Bipolar Disorder (BP) or major depressive disorder (MDD)), (b) their unaffected siblings (SIB) or (c) healthy subjects (HS), and reporting quantitative results from the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) or the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were also conducted. Results High Harm Avoidance and low Self-Directedness were consistently associated with MOOD and SIB samples. BP was characterized by higher scores in Novelty Seeking and Self-Transcendence than HS, SIB and MDD. Age seemed to have a negative effect on Novelty Seeking and a positive effect on Harm Avoidance, Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence. An euthymic mood state was associated with reduced Harm Avoidance, but increased Reward Dependence, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness. Limitations The quality of the included studies varied and was relatively low. Moreover, publication bias and heterogeneity in the distribution of effect sizes may also have limited our results. Conclusion High Harm Avoidance and Low Self-Directedness may be trait markers for MOOD in general, while high Novelty Seeking and high Self-Transcendence may be specific to BP. Future studies are needed to disentangle the state-trait effect of each personality dimension. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Zaninotto, L., Solmi, M., Toffanin, T., Veronese, N., Cloninger, C., Correll, C. (2016). A meta-analysis of temperament and character dimensions in patients with mood disorders: Comparison to healthy controls and unaffected siblings [10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.077].
A meta-analysis of temperament and character dimensions in patients with mood disorders: Comparison to healthy controls and unaffected siblings
Zaninotto, L.
;Solmi, M.;Toffanin, T.;Veronese, N.;Cloninger, C. R.;Correll, C. U.
Titolo del periodico
DATO PREVISTO SU LOGINMIUR
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.077
1-s2.0-S0165032715311174-main.pdf
Solo gestori archvio


text:
Syndicate may be involved: Peter
Published on: Tuesday, June 25, 2019
By: Ricardo Unto
KOTA KINABALU: The State Infrastructure Development Ministry does not disregard the possibility of a syndicate being involved in the rampant vandalism of Water Department equipment recently.
Its Minister Datuk Peter Anthony said the matter is serious as it not only affected the people but also the reputation of the Department.
He said this after inspecting a water pump house at Taman Putera Jaya, Telipok, near here, Monday.
The inspection was made following water disruption complaints which affected nearly 8,000 residents for about a week.
"This is due to vandalism and we noted three recent cases – in Karambunai, Taman Flamingo and Taman Putera Jaya.
"It is as if there is a syndicate to sabotage the Water Department's equipment and we have made a police report."
He also urged residents staying near any of the department's facilities to inform the authorities if they noticed any suspicious activities.
"The Ministry will also seek help from the relevant authorities to tackle this issue.
"Some of the water pumps and cables had been tampered with as well as stolen...this would cause a big problem for everyone. These stolen equipment might have been sold as spare parts," he said.
To this end, he had asked the Water Department to beef up security around its facilities.
The residents also claimed that the department's careline had been inefficient in handling their problems.
Peter said he would probe into the matter and "action will be taken on officers who did not do their work, if any."
"The department should ensure that the line is functioning 24 hours...but consumers can also forward their problems to their respective people's representative."
He also disclosed that the department is in the midst of improvement and restructuring.
"All the previously outsourced equipment had been taken over by the Water Department. We are also improving the current system," he said.
Peter had also instructed the department to set up water storages in residential areas to be used during emergency situations.
Also present were Assistant Finance Minister Kenny Chua who is also Inanam Assemblyman and Sabah Water Department Director Amarjit Singh.


text:
Presidential focus bad for both sides of politics
Despite offering nothing to policy development, some members of Congress have been cast as 'leaders' because they're willing to appear as pundits on a near-nightly basis. Throughout this process, these legislators have frequently tweeted links to stories based on dubious sources, yet lament the absence of statesmen from the public sphere.
Many ardent progressives turn to their favourite legislator-pundits as a source of therapy for their shock at Hillary Clinton's loss. By continually questioning the legitimacy of the president's victory and painting Trump – and his supporters – as fundamentally flawed, they feel as though the past few years can be somehow invalidated.
This is one reason why, though support for Trump's impeachment has somewhat cooled even among Democrats, many progressive politicians and 2020 candidates continue to call for President Trump's impeachment. Elizabeth Warren has doubled down on her calls for this approach, warning "Case not closed, buddy". Several others have stated that he should be impeached, or at least that "a discussion" or "conversation" should take place (as if such a discussion has not been raging for months).
Democrats would be wise to follow House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's lead and instead focus elsewhere. A Washington Post-ABC News poll found that while a majority of Democrats believe Congress should begin impeachment proceedings, only 37 per cent of US adults share that opinion.
This is certainly not to say that voters believe that President Trump did nothing wrong. In fact, the same poll found that roughly 60 per cent of Americans believe that President Trump lied to the public relating to matters investigated by Robert Mueller. What it does show, however, is that Americans generally don't like impeachment. Not only does the Constitution establish a relatively high bar for it, but so do voters and elected officials.
Does Trump want to be impeached?
Americans simply don't like the uncertainty and heightened partisan rancour that come with impeachment proceedings – particularly if no 'high crimes' have been discovered. Impeachment also signals US instability and vulnerability to the world. Many Americans now feel that, given the completion and findings of the Mueller report, it's time to move on and focus on issues that have long been left unaddressed due to partisan bickering.
Certainly, Americans deserve better from their leaders. They also deserve to have serious issues addressed by Congress. As the 2020 campaign season heats up, voters know that Democratic candidates dislike the president. What they're uncertain of is how they'll make life better for the average American. Instead of the unrealistic goal of impeachment, it's time for Democrats to focus on crafting realistic policies instead.
Former US Representative for Utah's 4th district
Mia Love was previously a non-resident fellow at the US Studies Centre. She served as the US Representative for Utah's 4th district from 2015-2019. She was the first black female Republican elected to Congress. At the start of the 2015 Congress, she was appointed to the House Financial Services Committee, which oversees the Treasury and the Federal Reserve. She also joined the Congressional Black Caucus after taking her seat.
22 May 2019 in The 45th.
Democratic PartyDonald TrumpImpeachmentNancy PelosiDemocrats


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Elements using judiciary to destabilize SL – Gotabhaya Rajapaksa
Defence Secretary Gotabhaya Rajapaksa said yesterday various foreign and local elements were attempting to destabilize Sri Lanka through the judiciary.
"When carrying out his work the President has been faced with various challenges. Everyone knows that school children, university students, university lecturers and trade unions were used to create trouble. But because of the confidence the people had in the President the trouble makers could not achieve their goal. Today they are attempting to do it through the judiciary.
They want to destabilise this country. We know that peace and stability is vital if a country is to develop and for tourists and investors to come here," he said
He told those who had gathered for the "Wayamba Asiriya 2012" that a conspiracy was being hatched by foreign elements to topple the Rajapaksa regime.
Mr. Rajapaksa said the country was facing challenges similar to those that existed during military conflict. He said LTTE activists in other countries were attempting to regroup and create chaos in Sri Lanka.
"Many consumer goods that can be produced locally are imported in large quantities. Although it is hard to believe, even tamarind is imported. It is sad that we import food crops that grow well in the country. If we are self-sufficient in food, the colossal expenditure on imports can be curtailed to the barest minimum.
The foreign exchange savings can be used for development programmes. The government provided incentives including fertiliser subsidy to the farmers regardless of the war expenditure.
The most formidable challenge facing many countries is the want of food security. A country with food security will never collapse. Foreign elements attempted to pose a challenge to the government through the university teachers and the students, but failed. Now they are attempting to gain their end through the judiciary"
Published December 29, 2012 By DailyMirror
Coerced Conscription of Tamil Women by Sri Lankan Security Forces – Sexual Abuse reported: TGTE
27 TN fishermen arrive at Rameswaram


I've never really considered myself an unhealthy person. I exercise quite regularly and keep up with a reasonable amount of active hobbies (climbing, squash, tennis). That's not really lapsed much, except for the time the London Mozilla office wasn't ready and I worked at home – I think I climbed less during that period. Apparently though, that isn't enough… After EdgeConf, I noticed in the recording of the session I participated in that I was looking a bit more plump than the mental image I had of myself. I weighed myself, and came to the shocking realisation that I was almost 14 stone (89kg). This put me well into the 'overweight' category, and was at least a stone heavier than I thought I was.
I'd long been considering changing my diet. I found Paul Rouget's post particularly inspiring, and discussing diet with colleagues at various work-weeks had put ideas in my head. You could say that I was somewhat of a diet sceptic; I'd always thought that exercise was the key to maintaining a particular weight, especially cardiovascular exercise, and that with an active lifestyle you could get away with eating what you like. I've discovered that, for the most part, this was just plain wrong.
I started my new diet on February 10th, and as of today (July 13th), I've lost 3 stone/~19kg and am well in the 'ideal' weight range. Of course, BMI is a pretty rough measure of anything, but I feel better, I'm in much better shape and I find physical activity far more enjoyable than I used to. So how did I do it?
One of the things that really intrigued me about Paul's diet was that he said that all he did to lose the weight was change what he ate. Nothing else. This was a pretty enticing idea. I never thought I'd be able to give up things like pasta and bread, but if it really meant your weight would just start decreasing with no further effort, it almost seems silly not to give it a try… So I gave it a try. I cut out the major sources of carbohydrate in my diet (potato, pasta, rice, bread, snacks) and indeed my weight, as you can see, immediately started dropping. If you have the weight to lose, the results are pretty dramatic, and much faster than you'd expect. At this point, I was doing no extra exercise, and although I was snacking much less, my portion sizes for meals were unchanged.
I found some nice alternatives for the things I missed. Pasta and rice are quite nicely replaced by steamed, crushed cauliflower. Steamed aubergine makes a nice filler too. For potato, sweet potato is pretty much just better as far as I'm concerned, and celeriac is also a nice alternative. I never really found an alternative to bread, so I still have breakfast with my parents on the weekends and eat my mum's home-made wholemeal bread. In moderation, I've not found it to interrupt my weight-loss at all. I still have porridge for breakfast, and I'm not strict about keeping to any particular amount of carbs in a day. If I gain weight on a day, I just try to be a bit more careful the next day.
The first two stone just dropped off. I did no extra exercise, I didn't count my calories. The only thing I did was avoid high-carbohydrate foods and weight myself every day. There seem to be mixed opinions on weigh-in frequency, but being able to see the numbers go up and down was pretty significant motivation for me. Your mileage, as ever, may vary. After getting to about 12 stone, my fellow London Mozillian Jonathan Watt challenged me to beat him to 70kg. I'm very grateful for that, as at that time I was pretty happy with 12 stone (it's in the ideal range and it felt and looked noticeable to me).
The next stone, though still reasonably easy, didn't come without effort. However, this increased effort was enjoyable, and is now a part of my life (and I intend that to continue). It ends up that carrying 12kg less weight while climbing makes it much more enjoyable, so I was able to climb longer and more frequently. Similarly, I started running with another colleague, Ryan Watson. The weight continued to come off, if anything at an increased rate now, and I was reaching weights I hadn't been since my early teens.
The last few pounds has been difficult though. I wanted to hit 10 stone 12 to say that I lost 3 stone exactly (perhaps a slightly obsessive compulsion with whole numbers), but realistically, I think 70kg/~11 stone is the weight I'll maintain. I'm now training for strength to change my body composition to something that will more easily allow me to maintain this weight.
The main problem with such diets is rebound. I hope you won't.
Also, weight alone is not a very good indicator, if you exercise, because muscle weighs more than fat. So considering you're now training for strength, you should see your weight go up. But that's not a bad thing.
This is becoming such a mozilla thing now 🙂 I got down 30kg in a year and shrunk 4 sizes in trousers. Feels damn good.
That's awesome! Glad you finally kicked the carbs 🙂 I'm wondering where you get your protein from though if you're still pescetarian. Do you just eat ridiculous amounts of fish and beans?
I am also managed to get to a normal weight, but it took me much longer and I want to loose a bit more, which will probably take another year.
I just could never go without carbs. Life without bread, pasta and rice is just not worth living for me. I increased my activities a lot, like cycling to work (80m of cycling every day) and reducing the amount of food I eat. I also cut out nearly all processed food and do cook more.
While I didn't loose as much as I hoped so far I feel a lot better due to the sport and I can still enjoy the food I love.
Great to read your blog post and Paul's, Chris. My wife and I have been eating paleo/primal for over a year, and are trying to increase our fish intake. Tilapia for supper tonight!
I've been looking at a change of eating habits for a while, and one thing really bothers me: what do you do about breakfast? I'm pretty good at cooking, and usually come up with my own recipes, but when it comes to breakfast I am so damn lost.
Damn, that's awesome. I think I'm going to try altering my diet a little too.


Bass DM. Rotaviruses, Caliciviruses, and Astroviruses .In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, Geme JW St. III, Schor NF, Behrman RE, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunder, 2011. p.1134-37.
Jetsrisuparb A, teeratakulpisarn J, Weraarchakul W, Thepsuthammarat K, Sutra S. Health situation analysis of Thai children aged 1-5 years in 2010: Implication for health education and Health service reform. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012; 95: S30-S42.
Sutra S, Kosuwon P, Chirawatkul A, Thepsuthammarat K. Burden of acute, persistent and chronic diarrhea, Thailand, 2010. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012; 95: S97-S107.


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Nadalands 'The All Souls' Day EP'
By Marquee Magazine on	 March 1, 2020 Album Reviews
Nadalands
The All Souls' Day EP
Since the early 2000's John Lindenbaum (The Lonelyhearts, Rust Belt Music) has been putting forth dark dystopian tales accompanied by sweeping synthesizers, skittering drums, and ethereal sounds. Over an astoundingly prolific catalog of 12 previous releases, Lindenbaum — with his Nadalands cohorts — have produced a wealth of beautiful, literary-driven songs about disconnection and degeneration.
The All Souls' Day EP marks the culmination of that nearly two-decade sonic evolution. The EP showcases an evocative lyricism that urges comparisons to The Mountain Goats, Neutral Milk Hotel and Damien Jurado. Having confronted the specter of death on The Last Days LP (2016) and rebirth on The New Day EP (2018), Lindenbaum uses these songs to address the complex relationships between the two — "when the dead touch the living, the past becomes the future, the mechanical fuses with the organic, the Old West seeps into the New, and myth becomes truth," he said.
Magical realism dances with a grounded detail-driven narrative in these five vignettes. "We're All Slaves in a Capitalist System, Aren't We?" revisits the age-old theme of a clone recognizing his own artificiality. "The Amur River" uses a mysterious and grisly discovery to depict a fraught Siberian love story. "Plagues" explores the confluence of 19th and 21st Century Colorado through pandemic-induced synesthesia. "Red Light Runners" wrestles with the inherent destructiveness of humanity amidst the Las Vegas real estate collapse. Finally, "Deep Thoughts from Arizona's Most Affordable Mental Health Facility" takes the listener to the treacherous edges of both sanity and the Grand Canyon.
As with past records, the studio work features musical contributions from Alexis Stevens, Benjamin Buttice (Sour Boy, Bitter Girl), Matt Schild, Roger Abraham (Golden Birds), and Brian Johannesen.
The All Souls' Day EP by Nadalands
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Diversity as perfect stimulus to politics: As per Darwin's theory of evolution it is the survival of fittest. Human beings need to prosper economically; in their endeavour to survive. The economic prosperity ultimately leads to social upgradation. History is full of example when some economically stronger social group tried to dominate the comparatively weaker sections. This was done to ensure uninterrupted control over resources and power.
As per the caste system of ancient Hindu scriptures, society was divided into four classes based on area of work. Nobody is sure what was the situation originally but over a period of time this developed into a caste and class system which was strictly based on one's birth in a particular caste.
These things must have done wonders for political awakening of the downtrodden masses. This awakening is bearing fruit, which is evident from rise of strong regional leaders who don't belong to the upper caste.
After independence, the constitution makers made two radical provisions, which were to frame India's destiny in the right direction.