text:
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}

A theoretical possibility of non-resonant, fast, and efficient heating of very thin conducting cylindrical targets by coaxial broad electromagnetic beams was described in Ref.~\cite{Akhm1} (see also the sections on the "longitudinal geometry" in Refs.~\cite{Akhm10,Akhm111} and references there). The diameter of the cylinder can be orders of magnitude smaller than the beam waist of the electromagnetic radiation. Efficient heating takes place in several broad domains of parameters (see the exact conditions in Refs.~\cite{Akhm10,Akhm111}). This possibility can be used for such applications as pumping of active media of short-wavelength lasers and creation of low-density channels in the lower atmosphere (Ref.~\cite{Akhm1}). Recently, experimental confirmation of efficient heating of extremely thin conducting cylindrical targets by broad electromagnetic beams was obtained in Ref.~\cite{Akhm113} for the transverse geometry of Refs.~\cite{Akhm10,Akhm111}.

The longitudinal geometry of target irradiation by an electromagnetic beam is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:gr1}.
\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics{gr1
\caption{\label{fig:gr1}The longitudinal geometry. Electromagnetic beam 2 propagates along the axis of target cylinder 1.}
\end{figure*}
In this work we present a qualitative experimental confirmation of the predictions of Refs.~\cite{Akhm1,Akhm10,Akhm111}).

\section{\label{sec:level1-2}The experimental setup}

The experimental setup is shown schematically in Fig.~\ref{fig:picnew2}.
\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=170mm]{picnew2
\caption{\label{fig:picnew2}The experimental setup (not to scale).}
\end{figure*}

The CO$_{\textrm{2}}$ laser emits infrared radiation (the wavelength $\lambda$ is 10.6 micron). The thin wire was mounted using crosswires in vertical planes at each end. Each crosswire consisted of two mutually orthogonal thin nickel wires (length -- about 60 mm, diameter -- 50 micron). The wires were placed at $45\degree$  to the vertical. The horizontal wire was placed upon these crosswires and had to be pulled taut to ensure its stability in the course of heating. Previously, a different wire mounting method was used (see the previous version of this preprint). The parameters of the horizontal wire are given in Table 1.

\begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{| c | c | c|c|c| }
    \hline
    Material & $D$, $\mu$m & $L$, m & $\alpha_r$, K$^{-1}$ & $\alpha_p$, W/(m$\cdot$K) \\ \hline
    Pt & 20 & 1.1 & $4\cdot 10^{-3}$ & $4\cdot 10^{-2}$  \\
    \hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{center}

Table 1. Wire material, diameter $D$, length $L$, temperature coefficient of resistance $\alpha_r$, linear heat exchange coefficient $\alpha_p$.

The linear heat exchange coefficient depends weakly on the material and the wire diameter in this range of parameters. It was measured through heating the wire with direct current.

The beam is focused by a ZnSe lens (the focal length $f$ is 1700 mm). The electrical resistance of the wire is measured with an ohmmeter. The parameters of the beam and the wire provide efficient absorption for the platinum wire  (case 2.1.2.1, Eq. (167) of Ref.~\cite{Akhm111}, version 1).

\section{\label{sec:level1-3}Measurement and computation methods}
The wire is heated by the radiation, and the initial electrical resistance of the wire $R_0$  changes by $\Delta R$. The average wire temperature increase  $\Delta T$ corresponding to  $\Delta R$ was calculated as
\begin{equation}
\Delta T=\frac{\Delta R}{\alpha_r R_0}.\label{eq:2}
\end{equation}

On the other hand, the steady  state wire temperature increase depends on the absorbed power $P_a$ and the conditions of heat exchange with the environment (the Newton's law of cooling) \cite{Inc}:
\begin{equation}
\Delta T=\frac{P_a}{a_p L},\label{eq:3}
\end{equation}
where $L$ is the length of the wire between the crosswires, $a_p$ is the linear heat exchange coefficient for the wires used in the experiment.

It follows from Eqs.~(\ref{eq:2},\ref{eq:3}) that
\begin{equation}
P_a=\frac{\alpha_p L}{\alpha_r}\frac{\Delta R}{R_0}.\label{eq:4}
\end{equation}
Therefore, the efficiency of absorption of laser beam power in the wire equals:
\begin{equation}
K=\frac{P_a}{P}=\frac{\alpha_p L}{\alpha_r P}\frac{\Delta R}{R_0},\label{eq:5}
\end{equation}
where P is the power in the laser beam.

The results of the experiments are presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:processingextra}.
\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=170mm]{processingextra
\caption{\label{fig:processingextra}Absorption efficiency vs beam power, W.}
\end{figure*}

The measured absorption efficiency (13-36\%) was compared to the absorption efficiency of 58\% computed using the precise theoretical method for a gaussian beam of Refs.~\cite{Akhm1,Akhm10,Akhm111} (see the details at the end of this section). Thus, the experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions derived for gaussian beams.  It should be emphasized that the efficiency achieved in the experiment is quite high, as the measured width of the beam's waist (1.2 mm at 1/e intensity level) is two orders of magnitude greater than the wire diameter (20 micron).

The exact cause of the nonlinearity (significant dependence of the absorption efficiency on the beam power) has not been established yet, but wire elongation due to heating is a candidate, as it could dramatically decrease absorption efficiency at higher beam power levels: while this elongation was small for the temperature increase in the experiment, it could lead to wire sagging by several millimeters. As a result, the wire could move out of the beam, at least partially. To avoid this, the wire was connected to a spring at one end to provide compensation of the elongation.

The incident gaussian beam was modeled by an exact solution of the Maxwell equations in free space (equations 176-178 of Ref.~\cite{Akhm111}, version 1). This solution describes a circularly polarized beam, but it was used for the linearly polarized beam of the laser in this preliminary computation, as the results depend on polarization very weakly in this geometry. The total power absorbed in the cylinder was computed using equations 186-190 of Ref.~\cite{Akhm111}, v. 1, and equations 99 and 101 of Ref.~\cite{Akhm10}, v. 1, but the integration in equation 186 of Ref.~\cite{Akhm111}, v. 1, was performed over the finite length of the wire, rather than from $-\infty$ to $\infty$.

\section{\label{sec:level1-3}Conclusion}

The results of the experiments demonstrate the feasibility of efficient heating of thin cylindrical targets with a coaxial electromagnetic beam with a waist width several orders of magnitude greater than the diameter of the target. To this end, there needs to be a match between the diameter of the target, its conductivity, and the wavelength. However, the conditions of efficient heating are non-resonant and therefore very promising for numerous applications. The heating efficiency of tens percent can be achieved for very thin targets.


text:
Steps and cake - campaigning in Low Fell
I was in Low Fell in Gateshead on Saturday to help with the action day in the ward. Low Fell is Lib Dem held though the majority is not large. It is home to a large number of Labour councillors who live in nice houses whilst representing less well heeled areas in other parts of Gateshead. On Saturday we spent the morning delivering target letters. I discovered that Low Fell is built on the side of a steep hill. Long flights of steps are needed to get to some streets.
Those hosting action days are expected to provide lunch for the helpers. I was able to tuck into a large quantity of cakes before heading out to do some door-knocking. A good response.
Tom Brake MP in Newcastle
Lib Dem MP Tom Brake was a visitor to Newcastle last week. I was part of the delegation to meet and greet him at Newcastle Central Station and we took him on the Metro to South Gosforth and then the Regent Centre. He then headed to Newcastle University to speak in favour of staying in the EU.
You can see photos from the visit on the above link.
Campaigning in Whickham North
I was away last weekend (in Stockholm) so in my absence, my colleagues arranged for me to deliver lots of Focuses! On Wednesday, I delivered 370 in Whickham East. Yesterday, I headed down to Whickham North to deliver 200 Focuses in the morning then returned in the afternoon to do a survey of residents with Cllr Sonya Hawkins. We called on houses in the Glebe, where my Dad lives. I caught him heading to Newcastle to go to a club that had a free jazz afternoon. At over 85 years of age, we have retired him from delivering Focuses. Dad headed off for the music, Sonya and I continued door-knocking in the cold! We got a good set of survey returns.
Visiting Sunderland
I attended an enjoyable pizza and politics event hosted by Millfield ward Lib Dems in Sunderland last night. Speaker was John Shipley, former leader of Newcastle City Council and now a peer. Host Niall Hodson took the opportunity to show off some of his campaign publicity. I wasn't the only PCC candidate there. Craig Martin, Lib Dem for Durham, was also enjoying pizzas!
Burning pizzas in Ryton
Sunday saw the local Lib Dem team move into Ryton for the day. A group of us hit the doorsteps to do a survey of residents. Alas, one of our members called on the son of the Labour mayor Alex Geddes. Since we like Alex (I appreciate that in the Labour group, being liked by us is something of a popularity killer), the conversation went well.
Meanwhile, back at HQ, we shifted a large quantity of sandwiches. Sadly, one of the pizzas we were hoping to eat was left in the oven for a bit longer than necessary. It emerged a bit incinerated.
Once the survey was done, we spent the rest of the day mopping up a few leaflet patches. Job done by 3pm.
Scampi and Chips in Dunston Hill and Whickham East
On Saturday I headed down to Dunston Hill and Whickham East ward in Gateshead to be part of a team that delivered 1100 Focuses. In rain, snow and hail (which stings when hitting cold hands) we got the leaflets delivered, stopping only when we ran out. We did however take a break for lunch at the Harry Clasper in Whickham. Scampi and chips went down very well.
450 Focuses delivered in Whickham
I headed down to the Whickham part of my ward yesterday. 450 Focuses were delivered. My feet were sore when I got back home! Other wards are now lining me up for more deliveries!
eFocus 99
The 99th edition of our Whickham eFocus has just been published. It leads on the proposals by Labour in Gateshead to change bin collections to once every three weeks. Other issues include house building in Dunston Hill and the Fugar history project. You can read the newsletter on this link.
More Focus deliveries
My colleague Cllr John McClurey kindly dropped off a box of Focuses for me a couple of days ago. I've done a couple of delivery sessions since then in Sunniside and Marley Hill. I have a couple of patches left to do in the Whickham part of my ward. I guess I know what I'll be doing tomorrow. Once I've delivered my patches, the spares will go back to John who will take the bundles of leaflets to our deliverers.
The lead story is about Labour's proposals in Gateshead to move to collecting general waste and recycling waste bins to once every three weeks. We've also included articles about Labour's proposals to reduced most grass cutting, the Fugar history project and the A1 improvements. I've already had people emailing me about the issues we've raised. And people were asking me about them when I was in the queue for the till in the Sunniside Coop this evening. It seems this is going to be quite a lively edition of Focus.
Selected as PCC candidate for Northumbria
I am pleased to announce that I have been chosen by local Liberal Democrats to be the party's candidate for Police and Crime Commissioner for Northumbria. Below is the news release the regional party has just issued.
Gateshead's Dr Jonathan Wallace selected as Lib Dem Police and Crime Commissioner Candidate for Northumbria
Liberal Democrats in Northumberland and Tyne and Wear are putting forward a candidate for the Northumbria Police and Crime Commissioner who will campaign for the post to be axed and the savings ploughed back into putting police on the beat.
Dr Jonathan Wallace is Leader of the Opposition on Gateshead Council and has almost 30 years of experience in local government in the North East. He was born in Bensham, grew up in Lobley Hill, and was elected at the age of 23 to Gateshead Council in 1986 for Whickham South and Sunniside ward where he has been re-elected 8 times since.
Whilst Jonathan has extensive experience of local government, he does not come from a typical political background. 7 years ago he gave up paid employment to live the "good life" with his partner David in Sunniside, growing his own food and keeping bees, poultry and goats. His broadcasts about self-sufficiency on his YouTube channel have had over 4 million viewings. Jonathan graduated from Newcastle University in 1988 where he studied history, and was awarded a research doctorate in 1995.
"It is a great privilege to have been chosen by fellow Liberal Democrats," said Jonathan, who is also Leader of the Opposition on Gateshead Council.
"My three priorities are to ensure front line policing is protected, bureaucracy is kept to a minimum through scrapping the post of police and crime commissioner, and seeking to reduce the increase in crime experienced under the current incumbent.
"Liberal Democrats want a more democratic system to ensure all communities in the area of the police force are taken into account when policing plans are drawn up, without the unnecessary overheads of the commissioner and her office.
"I am determined to challenge the Labour establishment in the North East. They have complacently controlled the region for decades without the North East seeing any significant gains. After years of crime falling locally, the incumbent Labour PCC has presided over an increase in crime rates and has been involved in controversy over the departure of the chief constable and her decision to axe funding for Victim Support in favour of funding an alternative organisation of which she is a director. I want to prioritise community policing principles which have taken a back seat under the current Labour PCC."
On the doorsteps in Chowdene
It was a rather breezy day to be out in Chowdene in Gateshead. With a gale blowing, I still managed to get round by leaflet patch. The Focus being delivered is joint with Low Fell, the neighbouring ward which we are also defending. Yesterday. Low Fell was delivered. Today was the turn of Chowdene.
I had a superb view from one street across the Team Valley to Ravensworth, the country estate which is partly in my council ward.
Anyway, the next ward to be delivered will be my very own Whickham South and Sunniside. I printed the back page of the Focus last night. Front page awaits more ink from the print suppliers.
On the doorsteps in Whickham South and Sunniside
A useful afternoon on Sunday: I was door-knocking in my ward of Whickham South and Sunniside. We got a positive response on the doorsteps. Issues raised included the traffic lights at Sunniside, the recent rain, my goats and how my aunt in Canada is doing. Clearly we were calling at a patch where, not only was I well known, some people had known my family for decades!
We will be doing another door-knocking session shortly but in the meantime we are ploughing our way through the pile of survey returns that was the result of Sunday's activities. There are quite a few email addresses to add to our email newsletter. And one of my forthcoming jobs is to complete and publish the next edition.
Scampi and Chips in Dunston Hill and Whickham East...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
HomeCOMMENTARYWhy the debt deal with the EU is bad for Greece
Why the debt deal with the EU is bad for Greece
June 27, 2018 Pam Barker COMMENTARY, FINANCIAL, GOVERNMENT 0
The new Eurogroup agreement commits Greece to 40 more years of austerity and supervision.
JEROME ROOS
Shortly before coming to power in January 2015, Alexis Tsipras – then still known as an outspoken Greek opposition leader and unconventional anti-austerity firebrand – vowed not to wear a tie until international lenders agreed to cut his country's towering debt load to sustainable levels.
On Friday evening, the 43-year-old prime minister, who has since presided over three years of highly unpopular austerity measures in return for a third EU bailout, finally donned a burgundy piece of neckwear as he addressed a group of political allies in Athens to celebrate the conclusion of a new debt deal with European creditors.
The agreement, signed in the early hours of Friday, extends Greece's most pressing loan maturities by 10 years and provides a further 15 billion euros ($17.5bn) in EU financing. By boosting the government's cash reserves and pushing its first repayments back to 2033, the decision is expected to provide Greece with much-needed breathing room before a return to international capital markets following the expiration of its bailout programme in August.
'The end of the Greek crisis'
In Athens, officials lauded the agreement as signalling the end of Greece's decade-long economic crisis. "I have to say, the Greek government is happy with this deal," Finance Minister Euclid Tsakalotos said after the marathon talks in Luxembourg. "I think Greece is turning a page."
The government's spokesman hailed the outcome as "a historic decision" that would allow "the Greek people to smile again", while Tsipras boasted that "Greece is once again becoming a normal country, regaining its political and financial independence."
Buoyed by a similar triumphant mood, European officials fell over themselves to congratulate their Greek counterparts. Klaus Regling, the eurozone's bailout chief, even ventured the unlikely proposition that the deal constituted "the biggest act of solidarity the world has ever seen".
Unfortunately, the truth of the matter is somewhat more complicated. In reality, this hard-fought agreement is unlikely to restore Greece's debt to sustainable levels in the long term – nor does it demonstrate anything like a meaningful commitment to European solidarity.
On the contrary: The creditors' rejection of a formal debt write-down means that Greece's total debt load remains stuck at a staggering 180 percent of GDP, with the agreed extension of loan maturities merely pushing the problem further down the road.
As a result, rather than ending the crisis once and for all by cancelling part of the debt and thereby sharing the burden of adjustment equitably with European creditors, this deal simply shifts the burden of adjustment onto future generations of Greek workers and taxpayers. To understand why, we need to take a closer look at the small print of the agreement.
The limits of the deal
First of all, while Tsipras – with his falling approval ratings and next year's elections firmly in mind – is eager to portray the deal as constituting a clean break with eight years of punitive loan conditions and intrusive creditor supervision, the fact remains that his government has already agreed to introduce further tax increases, pension cuts and privatisation later this year.
Many of these far-reaching measures will come into effect after the third bailout programme formally expires on August 20, meaning ordinary Greeks are unlikely to experience any improvement in their living standards in the short term.
Nor are these fiscal pressures likely to ease in the long run. In fact, the terms of the latest agreement require the Greek government to continue running a primary budget surplus of 3.5 percent until 2022, followed by an average of 2.2 percent until 2060, effectively committing the country to 42 more years of austerity. To be clear, no sovereign state has ever managed to run uninterrupted primary surpluses for that long.
Moreover, even after exiting the current bailout programme, successive Greek governments will continue to be subjected to "enhanced surveillance" by international creditors for the foreseeable future.
The European Commission, European Stability Mechanism and International Monetary Fund will be sending special monitoring teams to Athens four times a year to make sure that Greece does not backtrack on its fiscal targets and pledged reforms. As one eurozone official put it, "this will be a short leash."
Finally, the hardline creditor countries – with Germany and the Netherlands in the lead – have once again managed to stave off the only credible alternative: meaningful debt cancellation, in the form of a significant write-down in the face value of Greece's foreign obligations.
What is worse – the deal stipulates that eurozone officials will only revisit the issue in 2032, meaning that Greece is likely to remain stuck in a debt trap for the next decade and a half at the very least.
At best, this agreement, therefore, serves to provide Greece with a financial buffer in the short term as it returns to international capital markets later this year. It also buys time for the rest of the eurozone to further delay an economically inevitable, but politically unpopular, debt write-down, allowing sitting governments – especially Merkel's increasingly precarious coalition in Germany – to push the moment of reckoning far beyond their short-term electoral horizons.
This shambolic compromise clearly comes at the expense of Greece's long-term debt sustainability.
As a group of world-leading economists including Barry Eichengreen and Jeromin Zettelmeyer already demonstrated in a widely distributed policy paper in April, "the measures outlined by the Eurogroup [whose basic contours were already evident at the time] will not be sufficient to restore the sustainability of Greece's debt." Their models show that only "face value debt relief … would restore Greece's debt sustainability with reasonable confidence."
Who is to pay for the crisis?
But there is more to this deal than the arithmetic of long-term debt sustainability. At the heart of Greece's protracted fiscal crisis was always a highly contentious social and political question about the real meaning of European solidarity: Who should be made to pay for the presumed "profligacy" of successive Greek governments, or the "excessive risk-taking" of profit-hungry private creditors in the lead-up to the crisis?
The course of action that European leaders ended up settling on turned out to be very one-sided in this respect: Greece alone was to blame for its predicament, and therefore, Greece alone would be made to pay for it.
The real motivation behind the bailouts was always to safeguard the survival of a dangerously over-exposed European banking system – but this fact was quickly obscured. Instead, right-wing politicians and the tabloid media whipped up a frenzy of anti-Greek sentiment. The Greeks were widely portrayed as splurging the money on lavish pensions and long beach holidays – or on "booze and women," as former Dutch finance minister Jeroen Dijsselbloem infamously put it last year.
But as research by the European School of Management and Technology in Berlin has since shown, 95 percent of the bailout funds that were supposedly "given" to Greece actually went straight back to private creditors. Meanwhile, the bailout loans themselves were added to Greece's overall debt, and the country continued to pay interest on them over subsequent years.
In other words, the Greek people never received any handouts from their European creditors.
Meanwhile, the Greek government reduced the size of its public sector by 26 percent, cutting pensions and welfare spending by 70 percent and slashing the public health budget in half. As a result, incomes fell by one-third and unemployment skyrocketed to a peak of over 28 percent, unleashing a veritable humanitarian catastrophe.
The imperative of debt cancellation
The burden of adjustment for the crisis, in short, ended up heavily skewed in favour of Greece's foreign lenders. In a very critical report on its own involvement in the first bailout programme, the IMF later acknowledged this. The EU-IMF bailouts, in the IMF's own words, "served as a holding operation" for European banks to reduce their exposure to Greek debt before an inevitable future debt restructuring.
ER recommends other articles by Al Jazeera
Featured image: Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras holds his tie as he speaks at the parliamentary group of Syriza and Independent Greeks in Athens, Greece on June 22, 2018 [Costas Baltas/Reuters]
debt cancellation
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POMELO Homestay is located in the center of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park. Situated near the famous tourist resorts of Quang Binh such as Phong Nha cave, Thien Duong cave, Dark Cave resort, Nuoc Mooc fountain ... visitors will easily discover and experience the scenic spots of Quang Binh. .
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Growing populations warrant c-stores' investment in Hispanic/Latino communities.
Hispanics/Latinos continue to reshape our nation's demography and consumer markets. They are the nation's youngest consumer group, with a median age of 28 and tend to be brand-loyal consumers, especially when culturally-sensitive marketing and advertising are used to target them.
Their buying power is impressive—an estimated $1.5 trillion in 2015. Convenience store owners have a unique opportunity to garner a greater share of these dollars if they understand the diversity that exists within the Hispanic/Latino population. Also, to increase their odds for success, retailers need to redesign their stores and broaden their mix of products and services.
In 2015, the U.S. Hispanic/Latino population totaled 56.5 million, representing 18% of the nation's total population. Its growth (12.2%) outpaced total U.S. population growth (3.9%) between 2010 and 2015, extending a more than two-decade trend.
In absolute numbers, the Hispanic/Latino population increased by 6.2 million during this period. Nearly three quarters of this growth (74%) was the result of natural population change, that is, more births than deaths. The balance was due to international migration, that is, an influx of Hispanic/Latino newcomers from abroad.
Significant domestic migration—movement within the U.S.—undergirded this growth, leading to considerable regional redistribution of the Hispanic/Latino population. The South was the primary migration destination, continuing a trend dating back to at least the early 1990s, and received net flows of Hispanic/Latino migrants from the Northeast, the Midwest and the West between 2010 and 2015.
• Nine U.S. states, including California, Texas, Florida, New York, Illinois, Arizona, New Jersey, Colorado and New Mexico—account for about 63% of Hispanic/Latino population growth between 2010 and 2015. They were home to 76% of the nation's Hispanic/Latino population in 2015. Most of the Hispanic/Latino communities in these states are long-established and therefore are mature markets.
• Another 27 states—relatively new Hispanic/Latino population migration magnets—captured 28% of Hispanic/Latino population growth between 2010 and 2015. Hispanics/Latinos began moving to these states in significant numbers during the late 1990s/early 2000s and growth continues as a function of both migration—domestic and international—and natural population increase. Combined, these states were home to about one-fifth of the nation's Hispanic/Latino population in 2015. Given the timing of their growth and development, Hispanic/Latino communities in these states are defined as emerging markets.
• The remaining 14 states (plus the District of Columbia)—future Hispanic/Latino population growth magnets—captured the balance of net Hispanic/Latino population growth between 2010 and 2015. In these states, the Hispanic/Latino population influx is fairly recent—mainly since 2010. Most of the growth to date has been a function of international as opposed to domestic migration, which typically foreshadows continued growth through chain migration from abroad. For this reason, Hispanic/Latino communities in these states are labeled as incipient markets.
As a result, major opportunities exist for c-store owners to expand in existing mature and emerging markets. They also have an opportunity to strategically position themselves for first-mover advantage in incipient markets.
Among the nation's major race/ethnic groups, the Hispanic/Latino population is projected to experience the largest absolute gains (34.8 million)—accounting for 59% of projected total U.S. population growth—between 2015 and 2040.
Success in fully tapping this booming market will hinge on convenience store owners' ability to customize their product and services mix to align with consumer tastes and preferences of the specific Hispanic/Latino group(s) in their local markets.
But such statistics may mask critical success factors in attracting and retaining Hispanic/Latino customers.
various Hispanic/Latino demographics including Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Guatemalans, Salvadorans, Colombians, Ecuadorians, Peruvians, Cubans and Dominicans.
All of these groups enter the U.S. with different cultural orientations and consumer tastes.
Moreover, each group typically follows well defined migration streams when they settle in the U.S.
At the regional level, for example, Mexicans are concentrated mainly in the West and South; Puerto Ricans are in the Northeast and South; Cubans are overwhelmingly in the South; and Dominicans reside mainly in the Northeast.
Because the various groups often overlap in some regions and group-specific socio-demographic metrics may differ in significant ways from aggregate statistics on Hispanics/Latinos, settlement patterns can be quite nuanced at the neighborhood or community level where store location decisions are typically made.
Given the strong and deeply-rooted family orientation of Hispanics/Latinos, convenience store owners must strive—in all of these markets—to make convenience stores true shopping destinations—one-stop venues, not only for healthy food and basic household items that align with group specific cultural tastes and preferences, but also for a range of services that address basic social and health needs of the population.
Consistent with the concept of Hispanic/Latino new urbanism—a form of community development that aligns with the unique family, cultural and community orientations of Hispanics/Latinos—such an expanded model is likely to work especially well in food deserts where grocery stores are nonexistent.
Hispanic/Latino buying power will only increase in the years ahead—as the various specific origin groups become better educated and more upwardly mobile. For c-store owners, making a concerted effort to attract and retain Hispanic/Latino consumers makes good business sense.
James Johnson, Jr. is the William R. Kenan Jr. Distinguished Professor of Strategy and Entrepreneurship at Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Terry Johnson is the principal of Yuubik Consulting. Allan Parnell is vice president of the Cedar Grove Institute for Sustainable Communities.


It's not like this hasn't been a long time coming, particularly if you followed Geraldo's late-night show on CNBC during the OJ Simpson trial, where notorious conservatives like the tag team of Joe Di Genova and Victoria Toensig were regular blowhards. This pattern was repeated during the Bill Clinton-Monica Lewinsky affair, this time helping to ratchet up the impeachment machine, whose momentum helped make the Bush-Gore election close enough for the Florida crew to steal it. In other words, just about everything that's wrong with the world now is at least indirectly attributable to Geraldo Rivera.
Remember Juan Williams, our colleague? Our brilliant colleague? He got in trouble with NPR because he said Muslims in formal garb at the airport conjure a certain reaction in him or response in him? That's an automatic reflex. Juan wasn't defending it. He was explaining that that's what happens when he sees these particular people in that particular place.
When you see a black or Latino youngster, particularly on the street, you walk to the other side of the street. You try to avoid that confrontation. Trayvon Martin's you know, god bless him, he's an innocent kid, a wonderful kid, a box of Skittles in his hand. He didn't deserve to die. But I'll bet you money, if he didn't have that hoodie on, that — that nutty neighborhood watch guy wouldn't have responded in that violent and aggressive way.
He'll bet us money. What, $10,000?
So, don't wear hoodies. Don't wear Muslim robes. Don't, uh…wear mustaches or use a Hispanic surname? That would kind of invite suspicion, don't you think?


text:
You are watching the movie Beautiful Losers
This documentary follows the lives and careers of a collective group of Do-it-yourself artists and designers who inadvertently affected the art world.
Director: Aaron Rose, Joshua Leonard
Actors: Barry McGee, Chris Johanson, Geoff McFetridge, Harmony Korine, Jo Jackson, Margaret Kilgallen, Mike Mills, Shepard Fairey, Stephen Powers II, Thomas Campbell
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Operation Filmmaker
Soon after the fall of Baghdad in 2003, a young and charismatic film student, Muthana Mohmed, stands in the rubble of the city's film school and explains to an American…
La Flor de La Lengua de Vaca
Camila lives her last days in the jungle as a guerrilla of the FARC-EP at the crossroads between an uncertain future of peace and the lingering memory of a childhood…
One of Japan's most inspirational documentaries of 2018 "Life Goes On…" True stories of ordinary people struggling to rebuild their lives after the Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami of…
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