text:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Том 6
За Edward Gibbon
A.D. 827)
a fleet of one hundred ships, and an army of seven hundred horse and ten thousand foot. They landed at Mazara near the (June 13, ruins of the ancient Selinus; but, after some partial victories, Syracuse 98 was delivered by the Greeks, the apostate was slain before her walls, and his African friends were reduced to the necessity of feeding on the flesh of their own horses. In their turn they were relieved by a powerful 99 reinforcement of their brethren of Andalusia; the largest and western part of the island was gradually reduced, and the commodious harbour of Palermo was chosen for the seat of the naval and military power of the [A.D. 831] Saracens. Syracuse preserved about fifty years the faith which she had sworn to Christ and to Cæsar. In the last and fatal siege, her citizens displayed some remnant of the spirit which (Siege of had formerly resisted the powers of Athens and Carthage. A.D. 877-8) They stood about twenty days against the battering-rams and catapultae, the mines and tortoises of the besiegers; and the place might have been relieved, if the mariners of the Imperial deet had not been detained at Constantinople in building a church to the Virgin Mary. The deacon Theodosius, with the bishop and clergy, was dragged in chains from the altar to Palermo, cast into a subterraneous dungeon, and exposed to the hourly peril of death or apostacy. His pathetic, and not inelegant, complaint may be read as the epitaph of his country: 100 From the Roman conquest to this final calamity, Syracuse, now (May 21, dwindled to the primitive isle of Ortygia, had insensibly declined. Yet the relics were still precious; the plate of the cathedral weighed five thousand pounds of silver; the entire spoil was computed at one million of pieces of gold (about four hundred thousand pounds sterling); and the captives must out- (£600,000)
* The splendid and interesting tragedy of Tancrede would adapt itself much better to this epoch than to the date (A.D. 1005) which Voltaire himself has chosen. Bat I must gently reproach the poet for infusing into the Greek subjects the spirit of modern knights and ancient republicans.
>> (Hardly powerful; the important help which led to the capture of Palermo came from Africa in A.D. 830. The invaders tried hard to take the fortress of Heqja, but did not succeed till 859.]
106 The narrative or lamentation of Theodosius is transcribed and illustrated by Pagi (Crition, tom. iii. p. 719, &o.). Constantine Porphyrogenitus (in Vit. Basil. C 69, 70, p. 190-192) mentions the loss of Syracuse and the triumph of the demons. The letter of Theodosius to his friend Leo on the capture of Syracuse is published in Hase's ed. of Leo Diaconus (Paris, 1819), p. 177 899.-It may be well to summarise the progress of the Saracen conquest of Sicily chronologically : Mazara captared 827; Mineo 828 ; Palermo 831; C. 840 Caltabellotta and other places; 847 Leontini; 848 Ragusa ; 853 Camarina ; 858 Cefalù ; 859 Henna ; 868-70 Malta ; 878 Syracuse; 902 Taormina, Rametta, Catania.]
Taormina.
A.D. 902,
Rome by the Saracens. A.D. 846
(Capture of number the seventeen thousand Christians who were transported
from the sack of Tauromenium into African servitude. In Aug. 1]
Sicily the religion and language of the Greeks were eradicated; and such was the docility of the rising generation that fifteen thousand boys were circumcised and clothed on the same day with the son of the Fatimite caliph. The Arabian squadrons issued from the harbours of Palermo, Biserta, and Tunis; an hundred and fifty towns of Calabria and Campania were attacked and pillaged; nor could the suburbs of Rome be defended by the name of the Cæsars and Apostles. Had the Mahometans been united, Italy must have fallen an easy and glorious accession to the empire of the prophet. But the caliphs of Bagdad bad lost their authority in the West; the Aglabites and Fatimites usurped the provinces of Africa; their emirs of Sicily aspired to independence; and the design of conquest and dominion
was degraded to a repetition of predatory inroads.101 Invasion of In the sufferings of prostrate Italy, the name of Rome awak
ens a solemn and mournful recollection. A fleet of Saracens from the African coast presumed to enter the mouth of the Tiber, and to approach a city which even yet, in her fallen state, was revered as the metropolis of the Christian world. The gates and ramparts were guarded by a trembling people; but the tombs and temples of St. Peter and St. Paul were left exposed in the suburbs of the Vatican and of the Ostian way. Their invisible sanctity had protected them against the Goths, the Vandals, and the Lombards; but the Arabs disdained both the gospel and the legend; and their rapacious spirit was approved and animated by the precepts of the Koran. The Christian idols were stripped of their costly offerings; a silver altar was torn away from the shrine of St. Peter; and, if the bodies or the buildings were left entire, their deliverance must be imputed to the haste, rather than the scruples, of the Saracens.102 In their course along the Appian way, they pillaged Fundi and besieged Gayeta; but they had turned aside from the walls of Rome, and, by their divisions, the Capitol was
101 The extracts from the Arabic histories of Sicily are given in Abulfeda (Annal. Moslem. p. 271-273) and in the first volume of Muratori's Scriptores Rerum Itali
M. de Guignes (Hist. des Huns, tom. i. p. 363, 364) has added some im. portant facts.
02 (See the account in Gregorovius, Rome in the Middle Ages (E.T.), vol. 3, p. 87 sqq. Gregorovius describes the wealth of St. Peter's treasures at this time. Gibbon omits to mention that Gay of Spoleto relieved Rome.)
carum.
saved from the yoke of the prophet of Mecca.
The same danger still impended on the heads of the Roman people ; and their domestic force was unequal to the assault of an African emir. They claimed the protection of their Latin sovereign; but the Carlovingian standard was overthrown by a detachment of the barbarians; they meditated the restoration of the Greek emperors; but the attempt was treasonable, and the succour remote and precarious.103 Their distress appeared to receive some aggravation from the death of their spiritual and temporal chiefs; but the pressing emergency superseded the forms and intrigues of an election; and the unanimous choice of pope (A.D. 847] Leo the Fourth 104 was the safety of the church and city. This pontiff was born a Roman; the courage of the first ages of the republic glowed in his breast; and, amidst the ruins of his country, he stood erect, like one of the firm and lofty columns that rear their heads above the fragments of the Roman forum. The first days of his reign were consecrated to the purification and removal of relics, to prayers and processions, and to all the solemn offices of religion, which served at least to heal the imagination, and restore the hopes, of the multitude.
The public defence had been long neglected, not from the presumption of peace, but from the distress and poverty of the times. As far as the scantiness of his means and the shortness of his leisure would allow, the ancient walls were repaired by the command of Leo; fifteen towers, in the most accessible stations, were built or renewed ; two of these commanded on either side the Tiber; and an iron chain was drawn across the stream, to impede the ascent of an hostile navy. The Romans were assured of a short respite by the welcome news that the siege of Gayeta had been raised and that a part of the enemy, with their sacrilegious plunder, had perished in the waves.
But the storm which had been delayed soon burst upon Victory
and reign of Leo IV. A.D. 849
1* One of the most eminent Romans (Gratianus, magister militum et Romani palatii superista) was accused of declaring, Quia Franci nihil nobis boni faciunt, Deque adjutorium præbent, sed magis quæ nostra sunt violenter tollunt. Quare non advocamus Græcos, et cum eis fædus pacis componentes, Francorum regem et gentem de nostro regno et dominatione expellimus ? Anastasius in Leone IV. p. 199.
194 Voltaire (Hist. Générale, tom. ii. c. 38, p. 124) appears to be remarkably struck with the character of pope Leo IV. I have borrowed his general expression; but the sight of the forum has furnished me with a more distinct and lively
them with redoubled violence. The Aglabite,105 who reigned in Africa, and had inherited from his father a treasure and an army: a fleet of Arabs and Moors, after a short refreshment in the harbours of Sardinia, cast anchor before the mouth of the Tiber, sixteen miles from the city; and their discipline and
numbers appeared to threaten, not a transient inroad, but a (League of serious design of conquest and dominion. But the vigilance of ern cities) Leo had formed an alliance with the vassals of the Greek em
pire, the free and maritime states of Gayeta, Naples, and Amalfi ; and in the hour of danger their galleys appeared in the port of Ostia, under the command of Cæsarius, the son of the Neapolitan duke, a noble and valiant youth, who had already vanquished the fleets of the Saracens. With his principal companions, Cæsarius was invited to the Lateran palace, and the dexterous pontiff affected to inquire their errand, and to accept, with joy and surprise, their providential succour. The city bands, in arms, attended their father at Ostia, where he reviewed and blessed his generous deliverers. They kissed his feet, received the communion with martial devotion, and listened to the prayer of Leo, that the same God who had supported St. Peter and St. Paul on the waves of the sea would strengthen the hands of his champions against the adversaries of his holy name. After a similar prayer, and with equal resolution, the Moslems advanced to the attack of the Christian galleys, which preserved their advantageous station along the coast. The victory inclined to the side of the allies, when it was less gloriously decided in their favour by a sudden tempest, which confounded the skill and courage of the stoutest mari
The Christians were sheltered in a friendly harbour, while the Africans were scattered and dashed in pieces among the rocks and islands of an hostile shore. Those who escaped from shipwreck and hunger neither found nor deserved mercy at the hands of their implacable pursuers.106 The sword and the gibbet reduced the dangerous multitude of captives; and the remainder was more usefully employed, to restore the
ners.
105 De Guignes, Hist. Générale des Huns, tom. i. p. 363, 364. Cardonne, Hist. de l'Afrique et de l'Espagne, sous la Domination des Arabes, tom. ii. p. 24, 25. I observe, and cannot reconcile, the difference of these writers in the succession of the Agla bites. [The Aghlabid who reigned at this time was Mohammad I. (840856). For the succession see S. Lane-Poole, Mohammadan Dynasties, p. 37.)
[The battle of Ostia is the subject of a fresco of Raffaelle in the Vatican.)
sacred edifices which they had attempted to subvert. The pontiff, at the head of the citizens and allies, paid his grateful devotion at the shrines of the apostles ; and, among the spoils of this naval victory, thirteen Arabian bows of pure and massy silver were suspended round the altar of the fishermen of Galilee. The reign of Leo the Fourth was employed in the defence and ornament of the Roman state: the churches were renewed and embellished; near four thousand pounds of silver were consecrated to repair the losses of St. Peter; and his sanctuary was decorated with a plate of gold the weight of two hundred and sixteen pounds; embossed with the portraits of the pope and emperor, and encircled with a string of pearls. Yet this vain magnificence reflects less glory on the character of Leo than the paternal care with which he rebuilt the walls of Horta and Ameria ; and transported the wandering inhabitants of Centumcellæ to his new foundation of Leopolis, twelve miles from the seashore.107 By his liberality a colony of Corsicans, with their wives and children, was planted in the station of Porto at the mouth of the Tiber; the falling city was re- (Rebuildstored for their use, the fields and vineyards were divided among Portus] the new settlers; their first efforts were assisted by a gift of horses and cattle; and the hardy exiles, who breathed revenge against the Saracens, swore to live and die under the standard of St. Peter. The nations of the West and North, who visited the threshold of the apostles, had gradually formed the large and populous suburb of the Vatican, and their various habitations were distinguished, in the language of the times, as the schools of the Greeks and Goths, of the Lombards and Saxons. But this venerable spot was still open to sacrilegious insult; the design of enclosing it with walls and towers exhausted all that authority could command or charity would supply; and the pious, labour of four years was animated in every season, and
ing of
197 Beretti (Chorographia Italiæ Medii Ævi, p. 106, 108) has illustrated Centumcellæ, Leopolis, Civitas Leonina, and the other places of the Roman duchy. (Leopolis never flourished. For the walls of the Leonine city see Gregorovius, op. cit., p. 97 sqq. The fortification of the Vatican had been already designed and begun by Pope Leo III. "The line of Leo the Fourth's walls, built almost in the form of a horseshoe, is still in part preserved, and may be traced in the Borgo near the pasarge of Alexander the Sixth, near the Mint or the papal garden as far as the thick corner tower, also lir the ta Pertusa, and at the point where the walis form a bend between another corner tower and the Porta Fabrica." Gregoro Tius, 16., p. 98.)


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text:
Commons: 7 November 1978
Volume 957: debated on Tuesday 7 November 1978
Dr. Edmund Marshall
asked the Secretary of State for Social Services what financial help is available to those disabled persons who are able to drive their own cars but who are too old to apply for mobility allowance, and whose need for transport on grounds of disability has arisen since 1st January 1976.
Mr. Alfred Moris
So far priority has been given to helping disabled children and people of working age, whether or not they are able to drive. We shall keep in mind all suggestions for extending mobility help to disabled people generally.For pensioners, our immediate priority has been to increase the level of retirement pensions. We have done this five times since we took office in 1974. A further increase takes effect next week. As I know my hon. Friend appreciates, we have committed very substantial resources to benefits and services for disabled people.
Mr. Newton
asked the Secretary of State for Social Services what further proposals he has to help disabled people.
Mr. Ioan Evans
asked the Secretary of State for Social Services what further measures are proposed to extend benefits for the disabled.
Mr. Alfred Morris
We hope to make an announcement on further help for disabled people in the very near future.
Mr. Rifkind
asked the Secretary of State for Social Services if he is satisfied with the help given to disabled people.
No, but we have made substantial progress in helping disabled people since we took office. We have introduced the mobility allowance, the invalid care allowance and the non-contributory invalidity pension and its extension to housewives. Expenditure on cash benefits for the disabled has increased in real terms by over £387 million since we took office. I recognize that there is much more which could be done, but further progress must be limited by the availability of resources.
Sir J. Langford-Holt
asked the Secretary of State for Social Services if he is satisfied with mobility assistance to disabled people.
Since taking office in 1974 we have improved mobility help for disabled people very considerably in terms of both cash and scope. We have raised spending on all forms of mobility help from £13 million a year in the financial year 1974–1975 to about £65 million in the current financial year. Our planned expenditure will exceed £80 million by 1980–1981. Large numbers of disabled who cannot drive themselves, including children, have been given mobility help for the first time ever. Moreover, through the setting up of Motability at our suggestion, cars are now within the reach of more disabled people, drivers and non-drivers alike, than ever before. We do fully recognise, of course, that there is still much more to do further to improve the mobility of disabled people.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Exxon Feeling the Heat Ahead of Paris Climate Conference
November 30, 2015 by Who What Why
It may be hard to believe, but there was a time when the oil giant now called ExxonMobil was at the cutting edge of climate science. In the late 1970s, Exxon's own scientists told company executives that greenhouse gases would cause the world to warm.
"What is considered the best presently available climate model for treating the Greenhouse Effect predicts that a doubling of the C02 concentration in the atmosphere would produce a mean temperature increase of about 2°C to 3°C over most of the earth," Exxon researcher James Black wrote in a memo to executives in 1977.
At first, Exxon acted on this information by stepping up efforts to investigate climate change and its causes. In the early 1980s, not long after the Black memo was written, the company spent comparatively large amounts on climate science, according to an investigation by InsideClimate News (ICN).
Profits at the Expense of the Planet
In 1982, however, funding for Exxon's "CO2 Greenhouse program" was slashed from $900,000 to $385,000 and then to $150,000 the following year.
The company counters that the budget cuts were triggered by low oil prices and that they were reversed later.
"The 1980s was a period in which the oil and gas industry was battered by extremely low oil prices, causing mass layoffs and an economic tailspin," Ken Cohen, vice president of public and government affairs for ExxonMobil Corporation, stated.
"During this time period, budgets were cut all throughout the company, as they were all throughout the industry. The big news – which ICN did not report – is that when prices rebounded so did our climate-related spending."
However, another possible reason can be found in a 1981 document, in which Exxon noted that "there is no near term threat of legislation to control CO2."
Spending on Crushing Critics
Exxon's spending did pick up again in the late 1980s, but it wasn't just for research. The company joined anti-climate change groups like the Global Climate Coalition. While critics say these groups wanted to obscure an emerging consensus on climate change, ExxonMobil's Ken Cohen stated that this group and others "opposed ineffective climate policies."
The oil giant's explanations do not assuage its critics and the recent revelations may lead to legal trouble. New York's attorney general is investigating whether ExxonMobil intentionally misrepresented the science and the risks of climate change to its investors and the public.
The two leading Democratic presidential candidates are also demanding action.
"It's a big deal. It is unacceptable for anyone to put the health of our families and our planet at risk by obscuring science," former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said. "Science, by the way, that they themselves initiated, and then, as time went by, they rejected."
In noting that Exxon has contributed $31 million "to think tanks and organizations that cast doubt on mainstream climate science" since 1998, Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders likened the company's efforts to obfuscate the facts to the tobacco industry's misinformation campaign about the deadly effects of cigarette smoking.
The way ExxonMobil tells it, the company has been consistent in its efforts to get to the bottom of climate change while also noting that it is not responsible for the world's addiction to carbon fuels.
What it conveniently fails to mention is its generous support of climate change sceptics, whose influence has impeded efforts to have the US play a leading role in the fight against global warming.
Related front page panorama photo credit: Shooter (Adapted by WhoWhatWhy from U.S. Marine Corps)
The post Exxon Feeling the Heat Ahead of Paris Climate Conference appeared first on WhoWhatWhy.


text:
package org.gradoop.common.model.api.entities;

/**
 * Describes data assigned to a vertex in the EPGM.
 */
public interface EPGMVertex extends EPGMGraphElement {
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Duty-Free Sales: Dufry Versus Lagardere Travel Retail
This year's travel rebound—which has caused misery for many airport passengers, due to a lack of staff and canceled flights—has proved to be a shot in the arm for duty-free retailers Dufry and Lagardère Travel Retail.
After the ravages of the pandemic, the global duty-free business is now on a path to recovery, but numbers revealed by these two leaders in the travel retail space indicate that some regions are doing a lot better than others.
As travel gradually picked up in the first quarter and accelerated thereafter, France's Lagardère Travel Retail saw its half-year sales to June double to €1.69 billion ($1.73 billion) driven by surges in France and EMEA (excluding France) of 120% and 148% respectively. The uplift came on the back of a strong recovery in intra-European and transatlantic travel.
There was slower growth in the Americas where Lagardère Travel Retail reported sales up by 79%, while in the U.S. they rose by just 64%. However, this must be taken in context of the company's U.S. business, Paradies Lagardère, having performed well last year given the boost in American domestic trips that had already begun then, making for a harder comparison.
In a social media post, CEO Dag Rasmussen described the H1 performance as "exceptional" and said: "This is largely due to the dynamic recovery of air travel and to outstanding efforts to optimize sales potential and create efficiency gains."
Dufry hits $3 billion
Switzerland-based Dufry, went one better with a sales hike of 147% to reach Swiss francs 2.92 billion (just over $3 billion) in the first half sending the share price up by 4% on Tuesday.
Dufry has seen strong recovery at European airports including London, Heathrow Airport. (Photo by: … [+] Prisma by Dukas/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
Universal Images Group via Getty Images
EMEA—the retailer's biggest region, accounting for roughly half of global sales in H1—powered ahead with revenue tripling to $1.53 billion. The best performers were Mediterranean countries including Turkey, Greece, and the Middle East as leisure demand took off. In addition, the U.K., France, Spain, Eastern Europe, and Africa all made progress.
Xavier Rossinyol Dufry Group's new CEO, commented: "Regions like North America, Central America and the Caribbean, as well as some southern European and Mediterranean countries, are performing in line with, or above, 2019. We are closely monitoring consumer sentiment and the propensity for travel-related spending over the next months."
Dufry is seeing its positive momentum continue into the third quarter, with July sales estimated at 90% of 2019 (at constant exchange rates). This has crept up from June's 85.5%. At the end of July, 2,091 shops were open again, globally, representing more than 90% of sales capacity.
However, in the half-year to June, Dufry's sales still fell short of H1 2019 by about 25% while Lagardère was off by only 15% and could reach pre-pandemic revenues by the year-end. Another indicator of normalization is that Dufry's duty-free to duty-paid ratio has shifted. Duty-free sales have swung back to accounted for 58% of turnover with duty-paid making up 42%.
This time last year, the strong revival of the U.S. domestic travel market, led by Dufry's Hudson business, meant that duty-paid sales had become the primary sales segment for a while with a 54% share.
Awaiting a revival in Asia
Where both company's continue to suffer is in Asia-Pacific, though revenues there are not particularly significant. For Dufry, growth hit an anemic 5%, with sales reaching only 16% of 2019, mainly thanks to restrictive Covid approaches that affected many markets. For Lagardère, Asia-Pacific revenue climbed even less at 1.6%, thanks mostly to the Pacific zone opening up, while China's zero-Covid policy and recent lockdowns severely hampered a recovery of domestic and international Chinese air passenger traffic.
Lagardère Travel Retail's Aelia branding at Rome's Fiumicino 'Leonardo Da Vinci' Airport in Italy. … [+] (Getty)
Dufry is exuding more confidence now that it is set to join forces with Autogrill, a deal that gives the Swiss company something it never had before at any scale; a food and beverage (F&B) arm. The move also takes some of the limelight away from Lagardère Travel Retail whose USP was its inclusive approach to the travel retail channel, encompassing a lot of F&B know-how.
But Rasmussen remained bullish that the model his company first established will continue to thrive. "There are interesting times ahead for our industry. Our long-standing expertise developing holistic customer journeys via three business lines (duty-free retail, convenience and F&B) is a great strategy," he said. "We have been pushing it for the past 10 years, and I believe changing market dynamics will open up more opportunities for us to seize, not less."
Dufry expects to close the first stage of the Autogrill deal—the transfer of Edizione's 50.3% stake in Autogrill—by March next year "subject to our shareholders' approval at the upcoming (August 31) EGM" noted Rossinyol.
Walmart Acquires Bolt Systems To Advance Omnichannel Capabilities
Windows 10, 11 & Server Zero-Day Attacks Underway, Microsoft Says


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The Opposite Of Hate: Repairing Our Humanity With Sally Kohn
The Opposite Of Hate: Repairing Our Humanity With Sally Kohn | Link TV
Whether on social media or television screens, there's increasing divisiveness, hate, vitriol, and more as people discuss their perspectives in public forums. As a progressive commentator on Fox News and CNN, Sally Kohn has earned a reputation as someone who can build bridges across party lines - but even she has her limits. Through conversations across America, the Middle East and Rwanda with scientists, white supremacists and even some of her own Twitter trolls, Kohn will help us understand how hate develops and what we can do to stop it from growing and consuming us.
Airdates
Ambassador Michael Mcfaul: A Brief History Of Russia
Ambassador Michael McFaul shares his unparalleled insight into the Russian Federation and how it functions.
Author, activist and progressive commentator Sally Kohn helps us understand how hate develops and what we can do to stop it from growing and consuming us.
Robert Reich - Fighting for the Common Good
Robert Reich, former Secretary of Labor and one of the most beloved and influential voices in progressive politics today, contends that America has trapped itself in a cycle that has left us more divided than ever.
Watch Speech
Yascha Mounk - People Versus Democracy
Drawing on vivid stories and original research, Yascha Mounk identifies three key drivers of voters' discontent: stagnating living standards, fears of multiethnic democracy and the rise of social media.
Amy Chua - Political Tribes
Amy Chua provides a cautionary critique of political tribalism in her characteristically sharp style.
The Challengers - Trailer
Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union 27 years ago, Russia has been both a central figure in our foreign relations and a surprise actor in our domestic politics. Given the unprecedented attention paid to our Cold War foe, how did we get here? Ambassador Michael McFaul may have some answers. McFaul served as the seventh United States ambassador to Russia from 2012-2014 and is one of America's leading scholars, with unparalleled insight into the Russian Federation and how it functions.
Francis Fukuyama: Identity and the Politics of Resentment
Francis Fukuyama, best-selling author and renowned political scientist, addresses the issues of identity politics. Fukuyama argues that our connection to personal identities has disconnected us from universal understandings of human dignity.
Amy Chua, best-selling author of "Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother," provides a cautionary critique of political tribalism in her characteristically sharp style, based on her book "Political Tribes: Group Instinct and the Fate of Nations."
Drawing on vivid stories and original research, Yascha Mounk identifies three key drivers of voters' discontent: stagnating living standards, fears of multiethnic democracy and the rise of social media. To avoid giving up on either individual rights or the popular will, the author of "The People Vs. Democracy" believes politicians need to enact reforms that benefit the many, not just the few.


Saw the movie MOONLIGHT last night, an unforgettable Miami based story of a very sensitive (Gay) Black kid growing up poor in Liberty City in the late '90's or so. It s about being male and sensitive, growing up in a culture where men are tough, a lot of people use drugs and nobody questions the social constructs of gender, of drug abuse and of verbal or actual violence.
The film s divided into 3 parts; essentially the youth, adolescence and adulthood of Little / Sharone. In the first (with frames that could be hung in an art gallery as stills) we meet tormented withdrawn Sharone, who knows he s different from the other boys but can t find clues about how to find his way. It s painful. The second segment is about High School, and the way the macho male construct puts him in harm s way; a victim who s beaten at school; and a quirky first sexual experience. Of course, an experience that can t be mentioned or even acknowledged: it s against all the rules of High School social codes and ostensibly, mainstream society. The last segment is about male courtship, the way men (Gay or Straight or….), are given a male construct that leaves them virtually unable to express feelings of affection, tenderness or love. The result is a magnificently written and acted scene that s as nuanced a love scene as any description of the delicate and subtle courtships in Oriental Imperial times. It s beautifully written and acted.
We ve put a lot of energy into re-defining what is feminine but (as I've said before) we can't re define what is 'feminine', without re-defining our rigid masculinity construct too.
Violence and Aggression are no more hallmarks of what s 'masculine' than Passivity' and Deference' are 'Feminine characteristics. This movie may allow people to believe that this sort of bullying and toughness (and drug / alcohol addiction for that matter) is something poor Black kids go through, but having known a woman raising a son here in school on expensive Key Biscayne, who faced the same thing, I think it s important to admit that this happens in other social and ethnic communities,) She eventually moved to Canada where her son was no longer attacked at school, and who eventually came out Gay).
What a great movie about our shared humanity.


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text:
Ballroom W183
Richard Floyd
rfloyd@utexas.edu
Cheryl Floyd
cfloyd@eancs.k12.tx.us
Once More with Feeling: The Music Really Matters
While the pursuit of pedagogy is essential, the artistry, feeling, emotional content of music making should be an equally important core value in all that we do. This presentation will explore that reality, give it context as it relates to students, submit rationale for the selection of "feeling-full" repertoire, and introduce music at each grade level that satisfies that rationale. Recorded examples and relevant repertoire references will be integrated into the presentation.
Richard Floyd - Biographical Information
Richard Floyd has enjoyed a distinguished career at virtually every level of wind band performance. He most recently retired as University Interscholastic League State Director of Music at the University of Texas at Austin and now holds the title Texas State Director of Music Emeritus. He also serves as Musical Director and Conductor of the Austin Symphonic Band. His ensembles have performed at numerous state and national conferences, including the 1977 College Band Directors National Association, 1981 Music Educators National Conference, and concerts at Midwest Clinic in Chicago in 1989, 1997, and 2007. Other distinguished performances include concerts for American Bandmasters Association in 1993 and 2006, and the 2004 Western International Band Clinic in Seattle, WA. He has toured extensively as a clinician and conductor throughout the United States and 11 countries. Texas Bandmasters Association named him Texas Bandmaster of the Year in 2006 and presented him with the TBA Lifetime Administrative Achievement Award in 2008. He received the Texas Music Educators Association Distinguished Service Award in 2009. In 2011, he was inducted into the Bands of America Hall of Fame and Texas PBM Hall of Fame in 2011, and was awarded the Midwest International Band and Orchestra Clinic Medal of Honor for distinguished service to the profession. In 2014, he was inducted into the National Band Association Academy of Wind and Percussion Arts and was honored with the Kappa Kappa Phi Distinguished Service to Music medal. He was National Secretary for the College Band Directors National Association from 1979–2007 and played an active leadership role in that organization for over 3 decades. He currently serves on the Board of Directors for Music for All and is a Yamaha Master Educator. In 2006, he was featured on Kindred Spirits from the DVD series Conducting from The Inside Out. He is also author of The Artistry of Teaching and Making Music, published in 2015 to critical acclaim.
Cheryl Floyd - Biographical Information
Cheryl Floyd celebrated her 25th year as Director of Bands at Hill Country Middle School in Austin, TX, in May 2017 and retired after 35 years as a middle school band director/music educator. She is recognized nationally for her educational and musical achievements at the middle school level. In 1990, her Austin Murchison MS Band received the coveted Sudler Cup Award. The Hill Country MS Band presented performances at the Midwest Band and Orchestra Clinic in 1998 and 2006, Music for All's National Concert Band Festival in Indianapolis in 2012, and Western International Band Clinic in Seattle in 2014. Throughout her career she has maintained a keen interest in commissioning new works for concert band and has collaborated with numerous internationally recognized composers, including Ticheli, Mackey, Nelson, and Grantham. The compositions from these collaborations have been acclaimed as among the most significant works in the young band repertoire. She enjoys an active schedule as guest conductor, adjudicator, and clinician throughout the United States with engagements in over 20 states. She routinely serves as conductor, clinician, and presenter for American Band College, Music for All Summer Symposium, and Music for All National Concert Band Festival. She has conducted all-state bands in Alabama, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Michigan, Oregon, and South Carolina. She has served on the faculty of the University of Texas Summer MS Band Camp since its founding in 1987. In 1998, she appeared as one of the first women guest conductors to stand before the United States Navy Band in Washington, DC. In 2003, she was elected to the American Bandmasters Association and was only the fifth female member of this 225-member organization and the first middle school band director to be invited to membership. In 2016, she was named a Yamaha Master Educator and appears throughout the United States as a conductor, clinician and educator representing Yamaha.


text:
Mr Andy Adigwe
Location: Virtual hearing - Video conference
Whilst registered as a Physiotherapist and whilst working as a locum Physiotherapist with Ashford and St. Peter's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, you:
1. On or around 15 March 2017, during your examination of Patient A's wrist and/or elbow:
a) asked Patient A how old she was and after she informed you of her age made inappropriate comments in that you said:
i. that you were 'amazed' as she 'did not look that old', or words to that effect;
ii. that she 'looked good for her age', or words to that effect. asked Patient A to touch her toes;
c) touched Patient A's upper right arm in an inappropriate manner in that you;
i. pinched and/or moved the flesh on the back of Patient A's upper right arm;
ii. said "it is bingo wings, that's what this is, it is what they call this on women. It's funny isn't it? Bingo wings"; or words to that effect;
iii. laughed as you acted as described in 1 (c)(i) and 1 (c)(ii)
d) sat down next to Patient A and placed her right forearm on your lap with her hand close to your groin;
e) placed your right hand around Patient A's her wrist and with pressure, moved your hand up and down her wrist in an action which imitated masturbation;
f) during and/or following the action described at 1 (e) you asked Patient A "how is this for you? How does it feel for you?"
2. Your conduct at paragraphs 1 (a), (b), and (d) - (f) above was sexually motivated.
3. The matters set out in particulars 1 (a) - (f) above constitute misconduct.
4. By reason of your misconduct your fitness to practise is impaired.
1. There was before the Panel a certificate that notice of hearing, dated 9 November 2020, had been sent to the Registrant by email on that date. The notice confirmed the date and time of the hearing and that it would be conducted virtually via video conference.
2. The Panel accepted the advice of the Legal Assessor and was satisfied that the notice had been properly served in accordance with the applicable rules.
Proceeding in absence
3. At the outset of today's hearing, the HCPTS Hearings Officer received a telephone call from the Registrant in which he said that he would not be participating in the hearing but would send by email a statement to be put before the Panel. The Hearings Officer informed the Panel that despite her having reiterated to the Registrant that he could participate, he repeated that he did not intend to do so. The Registrant did not ask for the matter to be adjourned nor did he say that he would participate on a future date if it were adjourned.
4. Mr Millin applied under Rule 11 of the Conduct and Competence Rules 2003 for the hearing to proceed in the Registrant's absence. He said that there had been no response from the Registrant to the notice of hearing other than the telephone call to the Hearings Officer on the morning the hearing was due to start, followed by an email and attachments.
5. In reaching its decision the Panel had regard to the HCPTS Practice Note 'Proceeding in the absence of the Registrant'. It also took into account what the Registrant had said in the course of the telephone call. It accepted the advice of the Legal Assessor.
6. The Panel decided that it was reasonable and in the public interest to proceed with the hearing despite the absence of the Registrant, for the following reasons:
i) The Registrant in his telephone call stated that he would not be participating.
ii) The Registrant did not ask for an adjournment and there was nothing to indicate that he would participate at any future date if the matter were adjourned. The Panel therefore concluded that to adjourn the case would serve no useful purpose.
iii) The Panel was satisfied that in these circumstances the Registrants non-participation was voluntary and a deliberate waver of his right to attend.
iv) Although there is a potential disadvantage to the Registrant in being unable to give evidence or to make oral submissions, there is before the Panel a statement made by the Registrant dated 21 August 2017 in the course of a police investigation, and a statement sent by him today in which he makes some representations.
v) The HCPC is ready to proceed and witnesses are warned for today and tomorrow.
vi) The Panel was satisfied that in the light of the nature of the allegations, there is a strong public interest in ensuring that this final hearing proceeds without delay. The Panel concluded that this outweighed any potential disadvantage to the Registrant.
7. The Registrant worked as a locum Band 6 Physiotherapist at St Peter's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust ('The Trust') from December 2016 until May 2017, when his contract was terminated.
8. On 15 March 2017 Patient A attended a consultation with the Registrant for treatment following an injury to her elbow. It is alleged that during the consultation, the Registrant made to Patient A inappropriate remarks of a personal nature, touched her arm in an inappropriate manner, placed her forearm on his lap with her hand close to his groin and moved his hand on her wrist in a manner imitating masturbation, whilst making inappropriate remarks. She had subsequently attended a further consultation with the Registrant on 6th April 2017.
9. At an appointment with a Band 8A Upper Limb Extended Scope Practitioner PS on 8 May 2017, Patient A expressed concerns about the Registrant's actions during her consultation with her.
10. On 10 May 2017, as a result of the concerns raised by Patient A, the Registrant's contract was terminated by the Trust.
11. An investigation into the matters alleged was instituted by the Trust but despite a number of requests via the locum agency for the Registrant to engage with the investigation, he did not respond.
12. There was a police investigation into the matters alleged, in the course of which the Registrant made a statement in writing dated 21 August 2017 denying the allegation of sexual misconduct. No further police action was taken following the investigation.
13. Mr Millin's submissions were made orally and by way of his skeleton argument. He said that the factual allegation could be established from the evidence of Patient A who was the sole witness as to fact. He submitted that Particulars 1(d)-(f) were explicitly sexual and that Particulars 1(a)(i)(ii) and 1(b) could be considered sexual in the light of the circumstances, having regard to the words spoken by the Registrant. He further submitted that the surrounding circumstances were such that the inference could be drawn that the Registrant's actions were in pursuit of his sexual gratification and were therefore sexually motivated.
The Registrant in his written statement denied the allegation, specifically that in Particular 1(d)-1(e). He described Patient A as being unstable and racially motivated in her allegations.
14. There was before the Panel a bundle of documents prepared by the HCPC containing witness statements and exhibits. Also before the Panel were the Registrant's statements dated 21 August 2017 and 22 February 2021.
15. Three witnesses were called on behalf of the HCPC:
i) RP was clinical lead for Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy in Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal services at the Trust. Patient A's allegations were reported to her by PS, to whom Patient A had informed her concerns about the Registrant's actions towards her. RP was not a witness to the facts but on 11 May 2017 had met with Patient A who described her concerns. On 10 May 2017 RP had terminated the Registrant's contract with the Trust in the light of the concerns reported to her by PS.
The Panel found RP to be a truthful witness, whose evidence was consistent with her witness statement and her notes made at the time of her meeting with Patient A. Her evidence was not embellished and she said that her recollection was to some extent affected by the passage of time.
ii) Patient A; the Panel found her evidence to be clear and consistent with her statements made in the course of the Trust's investigation and that of the police. She appeared to have the incidents in the forefront of her mind and described what she had recorded of the words spoken by the Registrant as verbatim. She did not embellish her account and was reluctant to speculate. In regard to the matters raised by the Registrant in his recent statement, she denied fabricating her allegations by reason of racial bias or annoyance with the Registrant as a result of disappointment with his clinical treatment. She denied also any mental health problems. Indeed, when giving her evidence, the Panel found Patient A to be calm, measured and focused. She said that despite her concerns at what had occurred at her first consultation with the Registrant, she did attend the second consultation with the Registrant on 6 April 2017 because she wanted her treatment to be effected without delay.
iii) PS was a Band 8A Upper Limb Extended Scope Practitioner at the Trust and is now an Assistant Professor of Physiotherapy at Coventry University. He saw Patient A in consultation on 10 April 2017 at the Registrant's request, on which occasion she raised some concerns in regard to her previous appointment with the Registrant, but gave no details. PS said that when he saw Patient A again on 8 May 2017 she described some of her concerns. In his evidence PS said that the actions and comments, the subject of the allegations, were not clinically appropriate. The Panel found PS to be clear, balanced and professional in his evidence which was consistent with his statement and given without embellishment. He was a wholly credible witness. He gave evidence to the Panel that he felt the account given to him by Patient A to be entirely truthful.
16. In reaching its decision on the facts, the Panel considered all the evidence before it, both oral and documentary, together with the submissions of Mr Millin and the representations made by the Registrant in his statements. It accepted the advice of the Legal Assessor.
Particular 1(a)-(f) – Found Proved
17. Although Patient A was the sole witness as to facts the Panel was satisfied from her evidence that the Registrant effected the actions and made the comments alleged. Further, from the evidence of PS, the Panel was satisfied that the Registrant's actions were not clinically justified and were therefore inappropriate; further that his comments too were inappropriate.
18. The matters found proved under 1(a)-(b) were not inherently sexual. However, the Panel drew the inference from the Registrant's comments and from the pattern of his conduct as proved under Particular 1(a)-(c), that his actions and comments were in pursuit of his sexual gratification and therefore sexually motivated. The Panel was satisfied that the matters set out in Particular 1(d)-(f), of their very nature, were inherently sexual and therefore sexually motivated.
19. In reaching these conclusions the Panel notes that allegation 1(c) is not explicitly alleged to be sexually motivated and is mindful of comments of Patient A in her evidence, which included that she considers his actions to be offensive, with the intention of establishing control and to humiliate her. She said she that she regarded 1(d)-(f) to be sexual in nature. In the Panel's judgement Sub-Particular 1(c) is clearly linked to other aspects of his conduct of sexually inappropriate behaviour.
20. In reaching its decision, the Panel considered all the evidence before it together with the submissions of Mr Millin. It had in mind the HCPC Practice Note 'Finding that Fitness to Practise is Impaired'. It accepted the advice of the Legal Assessor.
21. In acting in the manner found proved, the Panel found that the Registrant was in breach of the following standards of the HCPC Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics:
1.1 You must treat service users (patients)… respecting their privacy and dignity.
1.7 You must keep your relationships with service users (patients) professional.
2.1 You must be polite and considerate.
22. The Panel therefore concluded that the conduct found proved under each Particular, and in totality, was clearly unworthy of a physiotherapist. It amounted to misconduct and that misconduct was particularly serious.
23. In reaching this decision the Panel considered all the evidence and information before it together with the submissions of Mr Millin. It had in mind again the relevant Practice Note. It accepted the advice of the Legal Assessor. It found the test endorsed by Mrs Justice Cox in the case of Grant and the NMC, to be of assistance and the first three limbs of that test to be engaged.
1) Has in the past and/or is liable in the future to act so as to put a patient or patients at an unwarranted risk of harm; and/or
2) Has in the past brought and/or is liable in the future to bring the medical profession into disrepute; and/or
3) Has in the past and/or is liable in the future to breach one of the fundamental tenets of the medical profession;
24. These were serious acts of misconduct by a professional in a position of trust.
25. The Registrant has demonstrated a total lack of insight into the effect which such conduct could have on a patient. Patient A in her evidence described the continuing effect that the Registrant's actions have had upon her, particularly in regard to her confidence in professionals. She said that she is now reluctant to attend male professionals and that as a result of the comments made by the Registrant, she is embarrassed about aspects of her appearance.
26. The Panel has concluded that as a result of the nature of the Registrant's misconduct and his lack of insight, it cannot be satisfied that misconduct of this nature would not be repeated putting patients at risk of harm.
27. The Panel further considered that the nature of the conduct found proved was such that it was liable to bring the profession of Physiotherapy into disrepute and indeed Patient A herself commented on the impact his conduct had had upon her willingness to see professionals in the future.
28. In acting as he did the Registrant has breached fundamental tenets of the profession which include maintaining professional boundaries and treating patients with dignity and respect.
29. In these circumstances, in regard to the Personal Component, the Panel has determined that the Registrant's fitness to practise is currently impaired.
30. Furthermore, a finding of current impairment is also required in the wider public interest. This is necessary to declare and uphold proper professional standards. The public would expect a physiotherapist to act in accordance with these standards. Public confidence in the profession and in the HCPC as Regulator, would be undermined if a finding of impairment were not made.
31. In reaching its decision the Panel considered all the information before it, including that provided by the Registrant, together with the submissions of Mr Millin and its own findings on impairment. It had regard to the HCPC Sanctions Policy. It accepted the advice of the Legal Assessor. It exercised the principle of proportionality at all times.
32. Mr Millin said that the HCPC was neutral in relation to sanction. However, he referred to the sanctions policy and emphasised that the purpose of a sanction is not to punish a registrant but to protect the public.
33. The Panel found these to be aggravating features:
The particularly serious nature of the misconduct, which involved sexual motivation.
Although the misconduct occurred on a single occasion it involved several sexually motivated actions.
The Registrant was in a position of trust while treating this patients.
The Registrant's total lack of insight into the serious nature of sexually motivated misconduct by a physiotherapist towards his patient.
The lack of any apparent realisation of the effect that such misconduct could have on a patient and on the reputation of the profession.
The Registrant's denigration of Patient A in contending that Patient A was racially biased, unstable and fabricating the allegations.
34. There have been no previous findings against the Registrant before this or any other HCPTS panel, but there are no mitigating features relevant to the misconduct found proved.
35. The Panel first considered whether to take no action, but the serious nature of the misconduct demands a sanction.
36. The Panel then considered Mediation or a Caution Order. However, the serious nature of the misconduct is such that neither would be sufficient to protect the public or to address public interest concerns.
37. The Panel next considered a Conditions of Practice Order, but there are no conditions which would be workable, appropriate or sufficient to protect the public in the light of the serious nature of the misconduct.
38. The Panel then considered a Suspension Order, but again such an order would be insufficient to address the serious nature of the misconduct. Furthermore, such a sanction would not be a sufficient deterrent to other physiotherapists.
39. The Panel therefore considered a Striking Off Order. It was aware that this is a sanction of last resort for serious matters. These include sexually motivated misconduct. The Panel referred to the Sanctions Policy where it states that such an order is likely to be appropriate where the nature and gravity of the concerns are such that any lesser sanction would be insufficient to protect the public or to maintain public confidence in the profession and in the regulatory process.
40. This applies to the current circumstances and the Panel has therefore determined that the only proportionate and sufficient sanction is that of a Striking Off Order.
41. The Panel did consider the financial impact such an order would have on the Registrant but was satisfied that this was outweighed by the public interest.
ORDER: The Registrar is directed to remove the name of Mr Andy Adigwe from the Register from the date this Order comes into effect.
You may appeal to the High Court in England and Wales against the Panel's decision and the order it has made against you.
Under Article 29(10) of the Health Professions Order 2001, any appeal must be made within 28 days of the date when this notice is served on you. The Panel's order will not take effect until the appeal period has expired or, if you appeal, until that appeal is disposed of or withdrawn.
1. Mr Millin applied for an Interim Order on the grounds that it is necessary for the protection of the public and is otherwise in the public interest. He submitted that the Order should be for the maximum period of 18 months to cover the 28 day appeal period and the time that might be required to conclude any appeal. Mr Millin submitted that the Panel should hear this application despite the continued absence of the Registrant.
2. The Panel was satisfied that the Registrant had been made aware that in the event of a sanction being imposed it would be likely that an application for an Interim Order would be made. It has therefore concluded that the Registrant's continued absence is voluntary. It has decided that no injustice would arise to the Registrant and that it is in the interests of justice that this application should proceed in his absence.
History of Hearings for Mr Andy Adigwe


AOL IM and Yahoo! Messenger: A pox on both your houses.
The bots make AIM and Yahoo! Messenger unusable. How about a version where people write an antibot verify code so AIM can be usable again?
While you're at it, how about a "Chat on this!" in the browser toolbar so we can join chat groups based on the URL of the browser?


Pharmaceutical BI Group: Professional Opportunity in Pharma and Business Intelligence - Mar 23, 2016.
If you are seeking a new challenge in 2016 and you are a mature and very experienced EXECUTIVE or a mid-career SCIENTIST, PhD, MD/PhD, PharmD, Pharmaceutical BI Group has a ROLE for you.
Higher Up Recruiting: Data Scientists, Data Miners, NLP Experts - Oct 28, 2014.
Higher Up Recruiting is working with a San Diego based company recruiting for both Contract and Direct Hire positions for a Biotech related company in San Diego.


From selling refreshing lemonade, warm cookies and creative crafts, the students of Stepping Stone School in Austin, TX put their business minds and giving hearts to work at the schools' Young Entrepreneurs & Philanthropists™ summer camp program – all to support Ronald McDonald House Charities of Central Texas (RMHC CTX). The students raised over $6,000 through the sale of their goods, effectively doubling the amount raised last year including additional monetary contributions and in-kind resources provided by Stepping Stone School. Together, they donated $10,000 this year to support the families with hospitalized children that rely on RMHC CTX.
Stepping Stone School's summer camp program combines teaching students how to plan, prepare and conduct a series of businesses while learning how to give back. The students did everything from developing ads and pricing strategies for their businesses, to learning how to work as a team and most importantly, having fun!
Stepping Stone School's Young Entrepreneurs & Philanthropists Program™ began in 2010 and has supported RMHC CTX from year one. Since they began supporting RMHC CTX, Stepping Stone School has donated over $33,000.
Ronald McDonald House Charities® of Central Texas (RMHC CTX), a non-profit, 501 (c) (3) corporation, creates, finds and supports programs that directly improve the health and well-being of children and their families. Through the Ronald McDonald House®, Ronald McDonald Family Rooms®, Happy Wheels Carts and Healing Hearts programs, RMHC CTX provides compassionate care and resources to children and families being served by Central Texas hospitals. RMHC CTX programs provide access to quality health care and enable family-centered care ensuring families are fully supported and actively involved in their child's care. For more information, visit rmhc-ctx.org.


text:
June 29, 2017 8:00AM EDT
ဗမာစကား
Burma: Repeal Section 66(d) of the 2013 Telecommunications Law
Joint Statement by 61 Human Rights Organizations
Concerned by reports that the Burmese authorities will retain the criminal defamation provision of Section 66(d) during a review of the Telecommunications Law, 61 national and international human rights organizations are urging the Burmese authorities, and in particular the Ministry of Transport and Communication and the Parliament, to ensure it is repealed in the amended law.
Section 66(d) of the 2013 Telecommunications Law provides for up to three years in prison for "extorting, coercing, restraining wrongfully, defaming, disturbing, causing undue influence or threatening any person using a telecommunications network." In the last two years, this law has opened the door to a wave of criminal prosecutions of individuals for peaceful communications on Facebook and has increasingly been used to stifle criticism of the authorities. According to the 2013 Telecommunications Research Group, which has been documenting prosecutions under Section 66(d), at least 71 people are known to have been charged for online defamation under the law.
The current review of the Telecommunications Law offers an important opportunity to repeal Section 66(d) and bring the 2013 Telecommunications Law fully in line with international human rights law and standards.[1] Failure to do so would raise serious questions about the government's commitment to freedom of expression. It would, worryingly, leave people in the country at risk of imprisonment simply for sharing opinions online. It would also undermine the government's reform and responsible business agenda, by chilling or even silencing the ability of the public and the media to report on public sector mismanagement, harmful and illegal business practices, and corruption.
Vaguely-Worded, Section 66(d) Has Allowed for an Abusive Application of the Law
One of the most problematic aspects of Section 66(d) is its vagueness. Under international human rights law and standards, restrictions on the human right to freedom of expression are allowed for certain, narrowly defined purposes only, including to protect the rights and reputation of others.[2] Restrictions should be clear, detailed and well-defined in law, limited to those specified purposes, and necessary and proportionate to achieve their aim.
Section 66(d) does not adequately define what actions would be considered "disturbing", or "causing undue influence." These terms are overly broad and subject to widely different interpretations. Previous military governments for example, deemed the views of people who promoted democracy and human rights to be "disturbing."
This vagueness carries risks. Section 66(d) has been used to stifle criticism of both the civilian government and the military. For instance, individuals have been imprisoned for Facebook posts calling Burma's President Htin Kyaw an "idiot" and "crazy" and for posts mocking the Burmese Army. One criminal prosecution revolved around the posting of an image depicting the Army's Commander-in-Chief with a women's htamein (a sarong-like garment) on his head.
It is important to keep in mind that under international law, the purpose of laws covering defamation, libel, slander and insult is to protect the rights and reputations of people, not to prevent criticism of the government or of individual officials. According to UN Special Rapporteurs on the right to freedom of expression and the UN Human Rights Committee, public figures are necessarily subject to a greater degree of criticism than private citizens because of their institutional role, to ensure open debate about matters of public interest.[3]
The high volume of cases brought under Section 66(d) has also been facilitated by the fact that it allows anyone to file a complaint, even individuals other than the person who has allegedly been defamed. As a result, in Burma people have filed complaints on behalf of State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and President Htin Kyaw, as well as members of the military.
In the past year we have also seen a surge in the number of criminal prosecutions initiated by private Facebook users against each other for posts that they believe to be untrue, insulting, offensive, or otherwise objectionable. These include, for example, Facebook posts saying that someone was a cheat, warning people against using specific businesses, or complaining about land disputes.
Defamation Should Never Be Criminalized – Where it Occurs There Are Other Ways to Address It
Although international human rights law and standards do not prohibit the use of defamation laws for purposes such as protecting the rights and reputations of people, international authorities including the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of expression and the UN Human Rights Committee have affirmed that defamation should never be a criminal offence.[4] This is because imprisoning someone for defaming another person is disproportionate and can threaten the right to freedom of expression itself. The threat of imprisonment can prevent people from peacefully speaking out on sensitive issues and lead to self-censorship.
There are other ways to address defamation, including online defamation, which do not involve imprisonment, for example through making it a matter of civil rather than criminal law. In addition, those responsible could be made to issue an apology, a public rectification or clarification in order to restore the reputation that has been harmed.
Our organizations are deeply concerned that some members of the administration appear to view Section 66(d) as a solution to address advocacy of hatred. We recognize that Burma has a growing problem in this regard and welcome attempts to address this. However, Section 66(d) has done little to prevent such activity. Instead, it has enabled an environment of intolerance and conflict by allowing anyone who deems a Facebook post "offensive" to sue the author.
As the government has expressed its intention to adopt a separate law on hate speech, we would like to stress that any prohibition of advocacy of hatred must be formulated precisely and not unlawfully restrict freedom of expression. Beyond legislation, our organizations believe authorities at all levels should speak out against discriminatory rhetoric and ensure broader policy measures are undertaken to tackle the root causes of intolerance, including for instance by promoting intercultural dialogue and education on diversity and pluralism.
In light of the above, our organizations are urging the Burmese authorities to:
Repeal Section 66(d) of the 2013 Telecommunications Law;
Or at a very minimum, amend it to ensure that: defamation is no longer criminalized and that where recognizably criminal acts such as "extortion," "coercion," "wrongful restraint," and "threats" occur in the law they are clearly defined in line with international human rights law, so as to ensure it is not used to criminalize the peaceful expression of views.
As long as Section 66(d) remains, people in Burma – especially those who criticize officials and government policies online – will be at risk of being imprisoned for their peaceful exercise of the right to freedom of expression.
List of Signatories:
Alin Mee Ain
Alternative ASEAN Network on Burma (Altsean-Burma)
All Arakan Students' and Youths' Congress (AASYC)
Arakan Rivers Network (ARN)
Area Peace and Development Forward
ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights (APHR)
Assistance Association for Political Prisoners – Burma (AAPP-B)
Association of Human Rights Defenders and Promoters (HRDP)
Association Suisse Birmanie (ASB)
Burma Campaign UK (BCUK)
Burma Human Rights Network (BHRN)
Burma Link
Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK
Charity-Oriented Myanmar
Cherry Images
CIVICUS
Civil Rights Defenders (CRD)
Colors Rainbow
Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)
Equality Myanmar (EQMM)
Farmer Rights and Development Organization
Farmer Union, Magway
Free Burma Campaign (South Africa)
Free Expression Myanmar (FEM)
Future Light Center
Gender Equality Network
Green Network Sustainable Environment Group
Human Rights Documentation-Burma (ND-Burma)
Human Rights Educators Association (HREA)
Human Rights Educators Network (HREN)
Human Rights Foundation of Monland (HURFOM)
Human Rights Watch (HRW)
Info Birmanie (France)
Institute for Asian Democracy
International Campaign for the Rohingya
International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)
International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)
Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG)
Korean House for International Solidarity
Magway EITI Watch Group
Mon Youth Educator Organization (MYEO)
Mwetaung Area Development Group
Myaing Youth Development Organization
New Generation (Shan State)
Nyein Chan Yar
Norwegian Burma Committee
Odhikar
Peace and Justice Myanmar (PJM)
Progressive Voice (PV)
Promotion of Indigenous and Nature Together (POINT)
Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
Shwechinthae Social Service Group (Shwe Bo)
Swedish Burma Committee
The Seagull: Human Rights, Peace & Development
United-ACT
US Campaign for Burma
Women and Peace Action Network (Shan State)
Women Peace Network
[1] For recommendations on how to bring the entire 2013 Telecommunications Law into line with international human rights law and standards see: Article 19: Myanmar Telecommunications Law (2013), Legal Analysis, 8 March 2017, https://www.article19.org/data/files/medialibrary/38665/Myanmar-analysis--8-March-2017.pdf.
[2] Other purposes for which restrictions on the right to freedom of expression are permitted are for the protection of national security, public order, public health or morals. In addition, advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence must be prohibited. See for instance Article 19(3) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
[3] See Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, Ambeyi Ligabo, to the Human Rights Council, UN Doc. A/HRC/7/14, 28 February 2008, para. 85; and the Joint Declaration by Ambeyi Ligabo UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression, Freimut Duve OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, and Eduardo Bertoni OAS Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression, 2002.
[4] The Human Rights Committee has also stated that "States parties should consider the decriminalization of defamation." Human Rights Committee, General comment No. 34, Article 19: Freedoms of opinion and expression, UN Doc. CCPR/C/GC/34, 12 September 2011, para. 47.
May 17, 2017 Commentary
Stop Using Criminal Laws to Quash Peaceful Speech
Burma: Don't Prosecute Peaceful Speech
April 14, 2022 Report
"I Could Have Been Next"
Stymied Reforms in the Maldives
February 17, 2022 Report
"Locked Inside Our Home"
Movement Restrictions on Rights Activists in Vietnam


text:
Q: ACPI open/close lid scripts - xrandr does not execute but other commands do See SOLUTION at the end.
I have used this guide to write a script that activates when I open or close the laptop lid. My setup is a laptop monitor and an external monitor working well together.
Basically (everything works fine the first 3 steps, the confusion starts on step 4):
1) I have created the ~/export_x_info file about permission issues and running it on startup containing:
# Export the dbus session address on startup so it can be used by any other environment
sleep 5
touch $HOME/.Xdbus
chmod 600 $HOME/.Xdbus
env | grep DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS > $HOME/.Xdbus
echo 'export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS' >> $HOME/.Xdbus
# Export XAUTHORITY value on startup so it can be used by cron
env | grep XAUTHORITY >> $HOME/.Xdbus
echo 'export XAUTHORITY' >> $HOME/.Xdbus

2) I created /etc/acpi/lid.sh pointing to the actual script on my home directory containing these two lines:
#!/bin/bash
/home/myname/scripts/lid_event

3) On the lid_event I put the following:
grep -q closed /proc/acpi/button/lid/LID/state
if [ $? = 0 ]
then
    /home/myname/scripts/close;
else
    /home/myname/scripts/open;
fi

Until now everything is as expected. I have checked the "/proc/acpi/button/lid/LID/state" file and changes depending on lid being open or closed. All files I have created are executable so there is no problem there.
4) On my "close" script I have this ("open" script is similar so no need to mention it):
 #This runs so that root can run the following command under the user's environment
source /home/myname/.Xdbus

#When laptop lid closes, close laptop screen.
DISPLAY=:0.0 su myname -c xrandr --output eDP1 --off

When I close the lid I want the laptop screen to close and have only the VGA screen up. The above command works great when manually executing it at the terminal or manually executing this script but when it's about ACPI it does not execute!
Now, the weird thing is if I put a simple command like "touch ~/file" on the above script, it executes perfectly!
It seems to be a specific problem with xrandr. I suspect that there might be some permission issues unresolved but I cannot find a solution.

A: SOLUTION
It seems that the info on the ubuntu community is not complete. You need to make one more step in order to work. According to this, you additionally need to create /etc/acpi/events/lm_lid and put:
event=button/lid.*
action=/etc/acpi/lid.sh

Now it works fine for me. I have updated the Ubuntu guide so you can safely follow the guide here

A: You need to quote the command that su is to run so it is one string:
DISPLAY=:0.0 su myname -c 'xrandr --output eDP1 --off'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Once you've put down your Firmtread Anti Slip Tape, it's best to seal the edges to stop water getting in, or to help protect the tape edges from wear and tear in busy areas.
Available in a handy 140ml tube. Each tube will seal the edges of 10 x 5m rolls of tape.


text:
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'Your job is just to be human'
Possessing things is not a natural state for humans
W Daniel Hillis	Scientist
41. Reunited with my driver, Pratap 56 02:40
42. 'Dependence' and Twist – American culture in Africa 59 01:13
43. My trip to Papua New Guinea 58 02:51
44. In search of Kanganaman, the lost village 57 02:20
45. Landing 'mixmaster blong jesus' in Kanganaman 54 03:01
46. A trial in the village 51 03:45
47. Finding the village, the pots and the lost world 49 03:31
48. Possessing things is not a natural state for humans 59 03:53
49. 'Your job is just to be human' 64 02:07
50. Chasing a plane in a caravan of rickshaws 52 05:29
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Related Transcript Biography Info
With Africa and with Papua New Guinea which is the sense money wasn't really important to them. Things weren't really important. And money was sort of a novelty. And we literally had an infinite amount of money compared to, you know, what we could spend on anything. So we had so much money compared to what anybody had ever had around there. They didn't even really quite know what to do with money. But they sort of liked the interaction more as a novelty of in Africa.
So I remember once in Africa, for instance, at some point they built these little bird cages out of pith from bamboo or something like that, from cane I guess. And we thought those were really nice and we bought them. We gave them a few coins for them. And then the word got out that we liked things made out of these pith things and so they showed up with more elaborate ones, and we bought those. And then they would show up with like bigger and more elaborate ones. And after a while it was sort of sad because they'd made these huge giant things just for us, we didn't feel like we couldn't not buy them. But we started accumulating way more of them than we wanted. But they basically cost nothing and people had gone to so much trouble to make them that we had to buy. We had to buy all of these things that they would bring us. And they would bring us things like... They would bring us elephant tusks which, you know, now it's sort of horrifying, the idea of carrying ivory out, but in those days it was just like one of the many things. You know, they would bring stuff and we were the only market for them so we sort of felt obligated to buy anything they showed up with.
And we actually took those back, which was probably in retrospect illegal even then but we didn't think about stuff like that, so... I remember very crudely carved elephant tusks. Yes. And it was like that in Papua New Guinea. Really, the amount of money you had was so much compared to what they had that it always felt bad to bargain but it was always insulting not to bargain. So it was a very funny relationship with money. But it makes you realise too how arbitrary money was because they clearly didn't use much money internally. And it made me realise that the whole idea of buying things and possessing things is kind of a modern invention that came with agriculture. It wasn't a natural state for humans.
But it was more the natural state is more like a family. And a village is more like a family, when somebody needs something and somebody has something, of course you share it. And that's what these villages of a few hundred people were. They're much more like a family. When people own something they own something in the way that you own something within a family. You know, you own it because you use it and it's yours. But if somebody else needs it, of course, they have access to it.
W Daniel Hillis (b. 1956) is an American inventor, scientist, author and engineer. While doing his doctoral work at MIT under artificial intelligence pioneer, Marvin Minsky, he invented the concept of parallel computers, that is now the basis for most supercomputers. He also co-founded the famous parallel computing company, Thinking Machines, in 1983 which marked a new era in computing. In 1996, Hillis left MIT for California, where he spent time leading Disney's Imagineers. He developed new technologies and business strategies for Disney's theme parks, television, motion pictures, Internet and consumer product businesses. More recently, Hillis co-founded an engineering and design company, Applied Minds, and several start-ups, among them Applied Proteomics in San Diego, MetaWeb Technologies (acquired by Google) in San Francisco, and his current passion, Applied Invention in Cambridge, MA, which 'partners with clients to create innovative products and services'. He holds over 100 US patents, covering parallel computers, disk arrays, forgery prevention methods, and various electronic and mechanical devices (including a 10,000-year mechanical clock), and has recently moved into working on problems in medicine. In recognition of his work Hillis has won many awards, including the Dan David Prize.
Title: Possessing things is not a natural state for humans
Listeners: Christopher Sykes George Dyson
Christopher Sykes is an independent documentary producer who has made a number of films about science and scientists for BBC TV, Channel Four, and PBS.
Tags: Papua New Guinea, Africa
Date story recorded: October 2016
Date story went live: 08 August 2017
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