text:
https://www.wsj.com/articles/farmers-built-a-soybean-export-empire-around-china-now-theyre-fighting-to-save-it-11562260248
Soybeans on Derek Haigwood's farm in Arkansas Andrea Morales for The Wall Street Journal
Farmers Built a Soybean Export Empire Around China. Now They're Fighting to Save It.
Trade tensions have hammered sales of soybeans to the Chinese, a major export market it took U.S. agriculture decades to create
@jessenewman13
jesse.newman@wsj.com
July 4, 2019 1:10 pm ET
The U.S. Farm Belt is fighting to prevent an industry nightmare—the loss of its best customer for its biggest export.
The customer is China and the export is soybeans, of which the U.S. shipped $21 billion abroad in 2017, far more than anything else farmers grow. That marked a tripling in two decades, the fruit of a sweeping effort, by nearly every arm of U.S. agriculture, to build a once-obscure crop into a blockbuster.
Then last year, sunk by a bitter trade dispute, American soybean exports to China plunged 74% by volume. Brazil raced to fill the gap, while prices paid to U.S. farmers recently slid to a seven-year low.
This pain explains why Jim Sutter was having tea at the Beijing headquarters of one of China's biggest grain traders one day in April. Mr. Sutter, who grew up on a Colorado farm and is chief executive of the U.S. Soybean Export Council, is part of a cadre of industry leaders who are trying everything they can think of to save U.S. agriculture's relationship with China.
Jim Sutter speaking in China
Photo: U.S. Soybean Export Council
Mr. Sutter's mission was simple—to reassure Chinese buyers that U.S. farmers bear them no ill will and are eager to resume doing big business if the trade fight ends. His hosts at the Chinese grain giant agreed that it would be good to get trade back on track, according to Mr. Sutter.
Soybeans have factored into trade negotiations: Prior to a trade-dispute truce reached last weekend, the Trump administration said China bought 544,000 metric tons of U.S. soybeans just before President Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping met on the sidelines of a conference in Japan. Mr. Trump, who draws strong support from rural America, has called farmers patriots for making sacrifices so the U.S. can work to improve its trade position vis-a-vis China.
The agreement to resume trade talks included a pledge by China to start buying large amounts of American farm goods, Mr. Trump said. Still, retaliatory Chinese tariffs on U.S. soybeans remain in place, along with the peril to farmers of billions of dollars in lost Chinese sales.
"We must have this market," said Derek Haigwood, an Arkansas farmer and chairman of the export council, who accompanied Mr. Sutter on an earlier visit to Beijing. "You can't produce another China, at least not overnight."
Mr. Trump first imposed tariffs on foreign steel and aluminum in the spring of 2018 in a move aimed especially at China, where overproduction had driven a global glut that hurt U.S. producers. Other measures followed, such as duties on Chinese goods ranging from seafood to handbags—an effort to remedy a trade imbalance and stop what the administration sees as unfair Chinese practices.
China hit back, affixing tariffs to various U.S. agricultural products. Twenty-five percent tariffs on American soybeans took effect in July 2018 and sent U.S. soybean prices falling.
Farmers, in fighting to hang onto the Chinese market, are pressing the administration to settle the dispute, pursuing direct channels to Chinese buyers and seeking to address those buyers' complaints, including foreign material like stems in soybean shipments.
Next month, the Soybean Export Council will host a delegation of Chinese buyers during a weeklong trade exchange in the U.S. Buyers from China will join those from dozens of other countries on visits to Illinois grain farms and at meetings at a historic Chicago hotel, including speed-dating-like sessions designed to match U.S. soybean exporters with interested customers.
What do you think of the trade dispute with China and its effect on U.S. agriculture? Join the conversation below.
It has been four decades since American farmers first set their sights on China. They opened a Beijing office in 1982 to spread the word about U.S. soybeans, long before China began its drive to modernize and join the world's economic and trading elite.
Some farmers thought their leaders were wasting money, said James Lee Adams, a former president of the American Soybean Association. But in the mid-1990s, a shift in China's food policy opened doors. China committed itself to becoming self-sufficient in the production of certain grains, while setting no such goal for soybeans.
The oilseeds, however, were growing in importance as China's burgeoning middle class developed a taste for pork and poultry, fed partly with soybean meal. Before long, demand from China for soybeans was rising 10% a year.
Rushing to meet it, American farmers shifted millions of acres away from more traditional crops such as wheat. Acres planted to soybeans, a rarity in U.S. fields a century ago, increased 43% between 1995 and 2018 while wheat acreage fell 31%, according to USDA data.
Last year, U.S. farmers planted soybeans on more than 89 million acres, an area roughly the size of Montana. That was more than the land planted to corn, long Midwestern farmers' crop of choice.
Seed companies, grain traders, railroads and other businesses have all been part of the soybean-industry buildup—investing heavily, rolling out new varieties and adding rail capacity to ferry crops to market.
Soy Spread
Farmers increasingly embraced soybeans as China's burgeoning middle class developed a taste for pork and poultry, produced in part with the oilseeds.
Minn.
Soybean acreage
N.Y.
N.J.
Ky.
Neb.
Okla.
Ark.
Fla.
La.
Source: Agriculture Department
Monsanto, now owned by Bayer AG , created a large seed and herbicide business with a heavy focus on soybeans. Seed-corn producer DuPont Pioneer built dozens of soybean-focused research centers and seed-production facilities, said Paul Schickler, who when he was president helped develop the Iowa company's soybean business over many years. It now is part of Corteva Agriscience Inc., a spinoff from the merger of DuPont Co. and Dow Chemical Co.
The seed companies developed soybean varieties suited to a wider swath of climate and farmland. The crop spread across traditional wheat-growing states in the Great Plains such as North and South Dakota.
Western March
Farmers planted more soybeans in states such as North Dakota as seed companies developed varieties suited to more diverse climates and farmland.
North Dakota soybean fields
Railroads expanded service from the upper Midwest to the Pacific Northwest's ports, which in turn devoted hundreds of millions of dollars to boost farm-commodity shipments eastward. In the past five years, BNSF Railway Co. has invested over $6.1 billion in its northern corridor, adding or repairing more than 30,000 miles of track and replacing nine million railroad ties.
Harvesting soybeans near Tiskilwa, Ill., last September. Exports of the crop to China fell 74% last year because of tariffs.
Photo: Daniel Acker/Bloomberg News
Commodities giants such as Louis Dreyfus Co. and Cargill Inc., as well as other companies, have spent at least $518 million along the Pacific Northwest's Columbia River building new terminals, increasing capacity or upgrading rail facilities. The Soybean Export Council says farmers themselves have spent $135 million to develop the Chinese market, through mandatory fees and other programs.
During a January trip to Beijing, Messrs. Haigwood and Sutter extolled America's export infrastructure and even argued that American farmers use more-sustainable growing practices than Brazil, where agriculture has been blamed for widespread deforestation. "Look, they're cutting down trees and we're planting ours," Mr. Haigwood says he told Chinese executives.
Mr. Haigwood said Chinese buyers were cordial and listed ways U.S. farmers could improve their service, including reducing plant debris in soybean shipments.
Derek Haigwood on a mission in China in 2015.
Before the U.S.-China trade dispute broke out, U.S. agricultural-firm executives who studied China's rapid economic growth and shifting diet thought nothing would alter "the economic engine of China that was driving consumer demand," said Mr. Schickler.
Since the start of the tensions, soybean farmers and their industry leaders have traveled to Washington to urge the Trump administration to resolve the trade fight. They argue that farmers who have struggled with a long slump in income can't withstand another year without access to their most important foreign market.
Joe Steinkamp, an Indiana farmer and a director of the American Soybean Association, brought such a message to a recent meeting with Gregg Doud, chief agricultural negotiator for the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. Mr. Steinkamp said he expressed concern about destroying export markets for younger farmers who are struggling with debt loads or access to credit.
"We don't want the next generation to be scared away from agriculture," Mr. Steinkamp said, on what was his third trip to Washington since Chinese tariffs took effect. "Markets don't just come back."
Cargill weighed in with a June 17 letter to U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer, protesting the Trump administration's threats to add new tariffs on some $300 billion in Chinese imports. Cargill said it worried that a new tranche of U.S. tariffs "could cause trade escalations that will damage the U.S. agricultural sector, diminish America's global competitiveness, and harm our country's long-term economic growth."
The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative didn't immediately respond to a request for comment.
To help offset the damage from China's retaliatory tariffs, the Trump administration earlier this year rolled out a second aid package for farmers, pledging $16 billion in financial support. The first package, announced last year, allocated $12 billion to help them.
Workers moving soybean products at a port in Nantong, Jiangsu province, China
Because two main crops, soybeans and corn, dominate the U.S. farm economy, unwinding a large part of the system established over decades would entail real difficulties. Pioneer's Mr. Schickler said long-lasting tariffs would spur U.S. farmers to plant fewer soybean acres and agricultural companies to divert resources from them.
Brazil, which overtook the U.S. as the world's biggest soybean exporter several years ago, stands to gain ground. The U.S. share of world soybean exports is expected to drop to 31% this season, the lowest on record, while Brazil's portion is forecast to swell to 52%, which would be its largest ever.
At an agricultural forum in Beijing last fall, according to Mr. Schickler, China's deputy agriculture minister said China would not easily forget the current standoff, and China is building alternatives for soybean imports so it will never again be so dependent on a single source.
"It was just that black and white," Mr. Schickler said. "China doesn't care about this year or next year—they think in terms of centuries."
He said Brazil's ambassador to China told the group his country was working to become China's most reliable supplier.
According to Mr. Sutter, the CEO of the Soybean Export Council, Chinese companies are working to develop soybean production in Russia, where soybeans haven't yet become a major crop.
A U.S. Soybean Export Council stall at Shanghai's National Exhibition and Convention Center last November
Photo: aly song/Reuters
American farmers have few easy options if Chinese demand for U.S. soybeans remains depressed. Robust world grain supplies suggest there is little need for additional U.S. corn or wheat production. Switching to a new crop would require huge investments in equipment and infrastructure, to say nothing of finding viable markets.
"Farmers don't have the ability to pivot or turn on a dime and say, 'I'll just grow broccoli this year,' " said Mike Steenhoek, executive director of the Soy Transport Coalition, a trade group.
For that reason, the U.S. soybean industry is also working intensely to woo buyers in other international markets. The largest single-country export customer after China is Mexico. Industry leaders hosted 80 visitors from more than 10 countries in June, taking them on a tour from the upper Midwest to the Pacific Northwest to survey U.S. infrastructure for shipping soybeans. Additional delegations will make the trip this month.
Last year, as part of a project aimed at making up for lost sales to China, the Soybean Export Council joined a regional trade exchange in Spain, where they worked to connect U.S. shippers with buyers from the European Union, Middle East and North Africa. Industry leaders met with members of Nigeria's poultry sector in February and held events in Asia to market American crops to buyers in countries ranging from Pakistan to Myanmar.
Restoring trade with China remains a critical goal for the export council. "We need to be looking for a way to get out of the mess we're in" with China, said Mr. Adams, the former American Soybean Association president. In the trade fight, in his view, "We're going to have to blink."
—Joshua Zumbrun contributed to this article.
Some Nebraska soybeans
Photo: johannes eisele/Agence France-Presse/Getty Images
Write to Jesse Newman at jesse.newman@wsj.com
Appeared in the July 5, 2019, print edition as 'Farmers Defend a Soybean Empire.'
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text:
Alumni Golf Outing
First Pitch Breakfast
Youngstown State Baseball
Individual Game-by-Game for Youngstown State (Final)
#21  KENDRICK, Andrew - 55 games (All games)
Date            Opponent               GS  AB   R   H RBI    2B  3B  HR  BB IBB    SB  CS HBP SAC  SF GDP   K    PO   A   E    Avg
Feb 16, 2018 at Belmont                 *   4   1   0   0     0   0   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   4     9   1   0   .000
Feb 23, 2018 at Louisville              *   3   0   1   0     1   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   1     8   3   0   .077
Mar 02, 2018 vs Notre Dame              *   4   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   3     7   0   0   .043
Mar 04, 2018 vs Seton Hall              *   4   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   3     1   2   0   .037
Mar 06, 2018 at Liberty                 *   4   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   2     0   0   0   .032
Mar 09, 2018 at Radford                 *   4   1   1   1     0   0   1   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   1    14   1   0   .079
Mar 10, 2018 at Radford-1               *   3   0   0   0     0   0   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   0     8   0   0   .073
Mar 17, 2018    Milwaukee-1             *   2   1   1   3     0   0   1   1   0     0   0   1   0   0   0   1     9   0   0   .130
Mar 18, 2018    Milwaukee               *   4   1   2   2     0   0   1   0   0     0   1   0   0   0   0   1     7   0   0   .148
Mar 20, 2018 at Kent State              *   2   1   0   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   1   0   0   0   1     8   1   0   .143
Mar 24, 2018    Northern Kentucky-1     *   3   0   1   0     1   0   0   1   0     1   0   0   0   0   0   2     9   0   0   .153
Mar 25, 2018    Northern Kentucky       *   5   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   2     9   1   0   .159
Mar 27, 2018 at Eastern Michigan        *   4   0   0   1     0   0   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   2     1   3   1   .151
Mar 30, 2018    UIC                     *   2   0   0   0     0   0   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   1     0   0   0   .147
Mar 31, 2018    UIC-1                   *   0   1   0   1     0   0   0   4   0     0   0   0   0   1   0   0     0   0   0   .147
Apr 03, 2018 at Pittsburgh              *   4   1   1   3     0   0   1   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   3     7   0   0   .159
Apr 06, 2018    Oakland-1               *   5   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   1     1   1   0   .161
Apr 10, 2018 at Bowling Green           *   4   2   2   1     0   0   1   0   0     0   0   1   0   0   0   1     1   1   0   .170
Apr 13, 2018 at Wright State-1          *   3   1   1   1     0   0   1   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   1     0   2   0   .175
Apr 14, 2018 at Wright State            *   4   0   0   0     0   0   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   2     5   0   2   .173
Apr 18, 2018 at Ohio State              *   4   0   1   0     0   0   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   3     3   1   0   .176
Apr 21, 2018    Milwaukee-1             *   2   0   0   0     0   0   0   1   0     0   0   1   0   0   0   1     6   0   0   .173
Apr 22, 2018    Milwaukee               *   4   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   2     0   4   0   .162
Apr 24, 2018    Niagara                 *   3   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   2     0   2   0   .158
Apr 24, 2018    Bowling Green               0   0   0   0     0   0   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   .158
Apr 27, 2018    Wright State            *   2   0   0   0     0   0   0   3   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   2     0   3   0   .156
May 05, 2018 at Oakland                 *   3   1   1   0     0   0   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   1     0   3   0   .158
May 06, 2018 at Oakland-1               *   4   0   1   2     0   0   0   0   0     1   0   0   0   0   0   1    10   4   0   .161
May 08, 2018 at Toledo                  *   1   4   0   0     0   0   0   3   0     0   0   2   0   0   0   1     9   0   0   .156
May 09, 2018 at Ohio                    *   4   1   1   1     0   0   1   1   0     1   0   0   0   0   0   3     9   0   0   .159
May 11, 2018 at Northern Kentucky       *   4   1   1   0     1   0   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   0     7   0   0   .161
May 13, 2018 at Northern Kentucky       *   5   2   2   0     1   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   1    10   0   0   .164
May 15, 2018    Kent State              *   3   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   1   0   0   0   1     7   1   0   .160
May 17, 2018 at UIC                     *   3   0   0   0     0   0   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   2    10   0   0   .158
May 18, 2018 at UIC                     *   4   0   1   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   3     8   0   0   .160
May 23, 2018 vs Oakland                 *   4   0   2   1     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   0     5   1   0   .169
May 24, 2018 at Wright State            *   3   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   2     8   0   0   .167
May 24, 2018 vs Milwaukee               *   4   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0     0   0   0   0   0   0   4     9   0   0   .163
Totals                                 54 184  24  30  24     6   1   9  31   0     3   2   8   0   1   0  82   277  49   6   .163

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This production by our famous Rego Irish Records artists has proven to be one of the most popular Irish Music collections ever released.
For that very special day, this collection features 14 of the most popular songs associated with a wedding. An ideal shower or wedding gift. Simply a must for any wedding, especially an Irish one.
This is the original Rego recording, while often imitated it has never been matched!
Featuring Andy Cooney, Paddy Noonan, Tony Kenny, Sonny Knowles, Deirdre Reilly, Pat Roper, Sheila Noonan, and Carl Corcoran.
and all we who love them just wanted to say.


text:
William Villeger (* 22. Oktober 2000 in Martigues, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) ist ein französischer Badmintonspieler.

Karriere
Villeger begann mit acht Jahren in Istres Badminton zu spielen. 2017 erreichte er bei den Hungarian Juniors und den French Juniors im Gemischten Doppel die Endspiele, bevor er im folgenden Jahr mit Fabien Delrue beim Danish Junior Cup Zweiter wurde und mit den Spanish Juniors sein erstes internationales Juniorenturnier gewann. Außerdem wurde Villeger mit Arnaud Merklé und Sharone Bauer französischer Juniorenmeister und triumphierte im Herrendoppel und mit dem französischen Nachwuchsteam bei den Junioreneuropameisterschaften.  Mit seinem Sieg bei den Latvia International triumphierte er erstmals bei einem Wettkampf für Erwachsene von der Badminton World Federation. 2019 kam Villeger unter die besten drei bei den Französischen Meisterschaften, während er im internationalen Bereich bei den Dutch International, den Czech International und den Norwegian International ins Finale einzog. Ein Jahr später wurde er mit dem französischen Herrenteam Dritter bei den Europameisterschaften. 2021 stand Villeger auch bei den Austrian International und den Portugal International im Endspiel, bevor er mit seiner neuen Spielpartnerin Anne Tran im Mixed bei den Polish International und den Welsh International siegreich war. Außerdem erreichte er mit der Nationalmannschaft das Finale der Kontinentalmeisterschaften. Im nächsten Jahr erspielte Villeger mit Delrue bei den nationalen Titelkämpfen die Bronzemedaille.

Sportliche Erfolge

Einzelnachweise

Badmintonspieler (Frankreich)
Französischer Meister (Badminton)
Franzose
Geboren 2000
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A happy rainbow mobile / hanging decoration with felt balls - not just for a babies room!
The hanging loop has a metal ring at the top for ease of hanging.
The clouds are white yarn with sparkly thread running through, I have tried to capture the sparkle but my camera said nope!
I have TWO of these bright rainbow colourways available - they have subtle differences. One has a darker green stripe (first 3 pictures) the second has a paler green stripe (last 3 pictures). Please choose your preferred option from the drop down menu.
Please note - keep out of childrens reach. This is a wall hanging decoration and NOT a toy.


Please Find below a list of events for the Midland Winter Long Course Championships at Harvey Hadden Sports Village, Nottingham. Please complete the form for events that you wish to with draw from ensuring you complete all mandatory fields (Marked with a *).
If an event is not listed then withdrawals for this event have closed. If there are no events listed and no submit button then ALL withdrawals have now closed for this competition.


A not-for-profit group which promotes the legalisation of cannabis in Estonia has been green lighted by Tartu County Court for entry in the companies' register.
The organisation, MTÜ Eesti 420, which wishes to poll all parties running in the March election via a questionnaire on their stance on the legalisation of cannabis, says that the issue is one of personal freedoms.
''Our motivation is to have a society where the use of cannabis for medical, recreational and other purposes carries no punishment, one where people have the freedom to decide their own life and health issues themselves, without state interference,'' said Jevgeni Krištafovich, Eesti 420 lawyer.
The organisation takes its name from a term in cannabis culture denoting the consumption of the drug, especially at 4.20 in the afternoon (or, presumably, morning) and/or on 20 April (which in the US date notation would be 4/20). Eesti 420's board includes student activist Igor Bronštein, and entrepreneur, Free Party member and former sports shooter Inna Rose.
"We support policies aimed at raising people's awareness of the effects of cannabis use and other issues related to health, such as surrogate motherhood and euthanasia,'' Ms Rose said.
''It is important for us to extend the rights and freedoms of people in making decisions about their lives and health, and to reduce the role of the state in this area,'' she added, echoing Mr Krištafovich's statements.
Whilst cannabis is not fully legal for sale and recreational consumption in any European state at present, in many countries either the law is not enforced, or it is decriminalised, espcially in the case of smaller quantities. Some European countries such as the UK, Germany and Finland, have legalised the medicinal use of cannabis; Estonia has not.
Canada and Uruguay are the only two countries at present where cannabis is legal nationwide; several US states, principally on the West Coast, have also legalised the drug in recent years.


text:
Q: Get all next siblings of element What is the best way to get all next siblings of a element? Not just next one and not siblings before it?
This was the way I found, but is there a jQuery selector for it?
$('.someclass').click(function () {
    var chosenOne = $(this);
    $('.someclass').removeClass('extraclass');
    chosenOne.parent().find('.someclass').each(function () {
        var el = $(this).index();
        if (el >= chosenOne.index()) {
            $(this).addClass('extraclass');
        }
    });
});

FIDDLE

A: the .nextAll() method was made for this:
chosenone.nextAll(".someclass").addBack().addClass("extraclass")

FIDDLE

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Home Remedies Turmeric (Haldi), the Curry Spice is a Brain Booster, Studies reveal
Turmeric (Haldi), the Curry Spice is a Brain Booster, Studies reveal
Yellow Ginger, also known as turmeric and locally better known as Haldi in India is the yellow root of Curcuma longa. This spice is a staple ingredient in curries and research on it has proved that turmeric is really healthy. Tze-Pin Ng and his colleagues at the National University of Singapore have discovered that curry eating seems to boost brain power in the elderly people.
Turmeric is made up of Curcumin, which is an antioxidant, and varios reports have suggested that it inhibits the build-up of amyloid plaques in people suffering from Alzheimer's.
Tze-Pin Ng's team looked at the curry-eating habits of 1010 Asian people unaffected by Alzheimer's and who were aged between 60 and 93. The team compared these volunteer's performance in a standard test of cognitive function called the Mini Mental State Examination.
Thos volunteers who had consumed curry "occasionally" (once or more in 6 months but less than once a month) and "often" (more than once a month) had better MMSE results than those who "never" or "rarely" ate curry.
"What is remarkable is that apparently one needs only to consume curry once in a while for the better cognitive performance to be evidenced," says Ng, who says he wants to confirm the results, possibly in a controlled clinical trial comparing curcumin and a placebo.
Previous articleThe Logic behind Our Irrational Brains revealed through Study
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Wireless power system for ventricular assist devices tested


text:
Internet access cut off in much of Iraq
Internet access in the capital Baghdad and much of Iraq has been cut off, internet blockage observatory NetBlocks said late on Monday as the country experiences a wave of anti-government protests.
"At the time of writing, national connectivity has fallen below 19% of normal levels sending tens of millions of users offline across Baghdad, also impacting Basra, Karbala and other population centers. The new disruption is believed to be the most severe observed in Iraq to date," NetBlocks said in a statement.
Iraqi authorities have previously blocked off internet access in the face of protests.


Kisatchie National Forest - Horseback riding opportunities on forest roads and old logging trails are plentiful, forest wide. In addition, there are approximately 10 miles of developed trail available for riding.
The Ahtus Melder Equestrian Camp is available for camping with horses.
Wildwood Resort has horse riding available by appointment, 318-645-6114.
Sabine National Forest- The 12,369-acre Indian Mounds Wilderness Area has been designated by the U.S. Congress as an area set aside to allow the Earth's natural processes to shape and influence the area. Hunting, horseback riding, and hiking are allowed. Bicycles or other wheeled vehicles and mechanized and motorized equipment are not allowed. For more information call (409) 625-1940.


text:
social: thriving and healthy communities
thriving,
sustainability > social
Social Case Study
The secret to making health and safety second nature for everyone - insight into Azucarera's internationally recognised approach
Three years ago, Azucarera, one of AB Sugar's operating businesses based in Spain, kick- started a radical new approach to re-address health and safety (H&S) across its operations.
As a business, it had historically focused on reacting to the causes of accidents and near misses through a variety of management systems and procedures. But after its performance plateaued; a change was on the horizon.
This new approach considered that by only focusing on proactive activities 'the presence of safety' could contribute to a truly accident free environment; not only on its own sites but across its end-to-end supply chain from field to customer. The approach epitomises the belief that all accidents can be prevented by eliminating unsafe conditions and by adopting safe behaviours, establishing a culture whereby 'working safely is our only way of working'.
Consequently, the business has achieved a significant reduction of accidents from 2016/17 to the present day and currently the best H&S performance achieved in Azucarera. For two consecutive years the business has received internal recognition within the AB Sugar Group for its Health and Safety performance and activities as part of this new approach. But more recently, the business has been recognised internationally by IOSH (Institution of Occupational Safety and Health) at this year's Food and Drink Manufacturing Health and Safety Awards taking the top prize and becoming the first Spanish company to be awarded with this prestigious honour. The awards recognise innovative projects which have produced a practical solution to, and made a positive impact on, an occupational safety and health problem in the food and drink manufacturing industry. Amongst a field of strong competition from the industry, Azucarera beat Allied Bakeries Belfast and Finlay's (a global tea and coffee producer) to secure the top spot as chosen by IOSH's panel of judges.
To help inform the new approach evidence was gathered; from reviewing all root causes of recent accidents, to conducting a Safety Culture Survey and workshops at all manufacturing sites. Safety conversations also played a key role and provide more fluid communication between managers and workers; enabling a better understanding of why employees who have received identical training and work in similar conditions adopt safe or unsafe behaviour. This evidence identified five basic causes for unsafe behaviours across the business which influenced how new tools, mechanisms and activities were introduced.
To kick-start the new approach, a H&S Global Index was created to focus on promoting three main aims:
Tackling H&S like a continuous improvement cycle, considering organisational reality and the implementing solutions to be able to progress towards interdependence
Establishing meaningful leadership aspects and integrating them into the H&S priority actions
Making safety programmes sustainable and improving upon the low accident rate figures in a lasting way of that includes working safely as the only way to work
Accompanying the Index was a new KPI (key performance indicators) system to enable the business to get a full and 'live' performance overview. These help to identify best practices and allow these to be promoted and replicated; creating positive competition amongst factories. Alongside this, non-technical skills such as behaviours and competencies were also reviewed, and action plans put in place to ensure every factory workforce had a blend of such skills.
Since 2016, there has been a significant and continuous improvement in the number of accidents at all manufacturing sites in Spain, a decline of 29%. In addition, there was a 54% increase in risk notifications being communicated, and a substantial increase in the number of safety conversations, action plans and new task procedures owned by many within the factory workforce.
Outside of the tangible outcomes, there has been an increased focus on the potential harm of incidents and not only their consequences, but the establishment of a system of indicators. Behaviours are an essential part of this and everyone within the workforce takes responsibility for ensuring they are working safely.
Every Azucarera employee embraces the value that: 'safety is a way of life. It's for you, it's for all of us'.
On the success of implementing Azucarera's new approach, CEO of AB Sugar, Dr Mark Carr comments:
"This is a fantastic achievement for Azucarera and is well-deserved recognition following years of hard work and dedication by not only the Health and Safety teams, but employees across the whole businesses. Everyone, whether in the factory, field or office plays their part in making sure they are working safely every day.
"What the business has been able to achieve over the course of three years should be celebrated, and I know we can all take some inspiration from their positive and proactive approach to the cause. I look forward to seeing how the team continue on this success in the future."
Doug Russell, Union of Shop Distributive and Allied Workers, Chair of the judging panel for the IOSH Food and Drink Manufacturing Health and Safety Awards comments:
"The judges were particularly impressed by the methodical approach to the new Global Safety Index as a way of measuring and monitoring the positive presence of safety. The development of KPIs which focussed on leadership and on worker engagement and the use of the Preventive Climate Questionnaire to measure safety culture meant that Azucarera were able to demonstrate clearly to the judges the positive progress that they were making. Several of the entries to this year's awards were concerned with what an organisation can do when their health and safety performance has stalled. The approach that Azucarera took to measure health and safety in a meaningful way meant that they stood out from the others."
Azucarera secured the top prize at the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) Food and Drink Manufacturing Health and Safety Awards 2019. The business became the first Spanish business to win the prestigious award. The annual awards recognise innovative projects that have found a practical solution with a positive impact on a health and safety problem in the food industry.
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text:
India festivals
Diwali Diwali (also spelt Divali in other countries) or Dipavali is an official holiday in India.Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights, is the most popular of all the festivals froms South Asia. It is also an occasion for celebration by Jains and Sikhs.In Hinduism, Diwali marks the return of Lord Rama to his kingdom of Ayodhya after defeating (the demon king) Ravana, the ruler of Lanka in the epic Ramayana. It also celebrates the slaying of the demon king Narakasura by Lord Krishna. The festival celebrates the victory of good over evil, light over darkness and knowledge over ignorance, although the actual legends that go with the festival are different in different parts of India.
Vijayadashami Vijayadashami is also known as Dasara, Dashahara, Navaratri, and Durgotsav and regarded one of the most significant. It is celebrated in the lunar month of Ashwin (usually in September or October) from the Shukla Paksha Pratipada (the next of the New moon day of Bhadrapada) to the Dashami, or the tenth day of Ashwin.Dussehra is celebrated across the nation with much fervor and gaiety. The festival marks the victory of Lord Ram over demon king Ravana, which means the victory of good over evil, light over darkness. Beautifully decorated tableaux and processions depicting various episodes from Ram's life are taken out on the streets.
Holi Holi - the festival of colors is one of the most popular festivals of the country. It is celebrated during the Spring season and embodies all the festivity, liveliness and exuberance of the season. Holi is the festival of young hearts. Spraying colors, dancing on traditional Holi songs, rhythmic drum beats and wild processions are the common scenes that one comes across during this festival. The festival is associated with various legends but the most popular among them is the tale of Hollika.The festival of colors, Holi is celebrated on the day after the full moon in early March or April every year.
Onam Onam is the biggest festival in the Indian state of Kerala. Onam Festival falls during the Malayali month of Chingam (Aug - Sep) and marks the homecoming of legendary King Mahabali. Carnival of Onam lasts for ten days and brings out the best of Kerala culture and tradition.People decorate their homes with fresh flower mats known as 'Pookalam' to welcome the King Mahabali. They wear new dresses; visit the temples to offer their prayers to the Gods and performing traditional dances such as Thiruvathirakali and Thumbi Tullal.
Pongal Pongal is one of the most popular harvest festival of South India, mainly Tamil Nadu. Pongal falls in the mid-January every year and marks the auspicious beginning of Uttarayan - sun's journey northwards. Pongal festival lasts for four days. Celebrations include drawing of Kolam, swinging & cooking of delicious Pongal.For as long as people have been planting and gathering food, there has been some form of harvest festival. Pongal, one of the most important popular Hindu festivals of the year.
Raksha bandhan The Rakhi festival or Raksha Bandhan has a special significance in hearts of brothers and sisters. The silken thread of Rakhi symbolizes the love between siblings. The Rakhi Festival symbolizes all aspects of protection of the good from evil forces. Rakhi is meant to sweeten the ties of brother and sister. Rakhi is celebrated with great joy and excitement all around India. Known as Raksha Bandhan in other parts of the country, Rakhi festival showcases the love, affection and feeling of brotherhood.
National festivals National festivals are different from the others in that the state has formal celebrations. Popularly, they are treated more as occasions to get together.
India 'celebrates'-Republic Day, Independence Day, Gandhi Jayanti as a national festivals.
Gandhi Jayanti celebrates the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi popularly known as the Father of the Nation. Born on the 2nd of October 1869 at Porbandar in Gujarat. He is known for his invaluable contribution in India's freedom struggle.
Independence Day 15th August the red-letter day in the Indian calendar is celebrated as the Independence Day of India. The date commemorates the day when India achieved freedom from the British rule in the year 1947. It has been a long journey for India 1947. After more than two hundred years of British rule, India finally won backs its freedom on 15th August, 1947.
Republic Day of IndiaOn 26th of January every year India celebrates its Republic Day. It is one of the national holidays of India and regarded as the most important day in the Indian history as it was on this day in 1950 the constitution of India came into force and India became a truly sovereign state.
Muslim festivals There are a number of Muslim festivals like Muharram, Bakri Id, Ramzan, Id-I-Milad Shab-I-Barat that are celebrated in India. The Muslim festivals do not correspond to any particular date or month of the Gregorian Calendar as they are based on the Hijra which follows pure lunar reckoning. Let's have a look on different Muslim festivals. celebrated in India.


text:
Q: Outputting UTF-8 special characters with PHP I am trying to JSON_encode data from a MySQL database. The characters in the DB are as should.
For example, some of the data contains this: è
When I print out to the browser, this is what I get for all items that have special characters:
{"category":null}

Here is the very basic watered down version of the code I am using to test:
$sql = mysql_query("SELECT category FROM master_cat ORDER BY category ASC");
    while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($sql))
        $output[] = $row;

print(json_encode($output));

How can I get actual data to appear in browser when I am reading the JSON on the web page and not null?

A: You could use utf8_encode on the text fields, but can you check that the data is, indeed, there? Maybe output the data in HTML instead of JSON-encoding it? Because on my system UTF8 is either recognized, gives error, or some characters are truncated.
NULL smells of database data missing.
If the data is there, then:
mysql_query('SET NAMES utf8;');
$sql = mysql_query("SELECT category FROM master_cat ORDER BY category ASC");
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($sql))
    $output[] = array_map('utf8_encode', $row);

print(json_encode($output));

You might want to specify explicitly the MIME type and charset too:
Header('Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8');

see What is the correct JSON content type?

A: You should use  JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE to encode multibyte Unicode characters literally (default is to escape as \uXXXX). Available since PHP 5.4.0.
In this case:
echo json_encode($output, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);


Last summer I did a 11-day 175 kilometer hiking and packrafting tour through the Arctic wilderness of Svalbard. I've been writing about the trip through the end of the summer including: some background information for the trip and a trip report in three parts (1, 2 and 3). I also promised a video which is finally ready and available.
Thanks for the video, Thomas!
The video is shot and edited by Thomas Wikström. Thanks for putting it together Thomas!


text:
Лев Людвигович Трубе (16 января 1921, Нижний Новгород — 8 августа 1988, Горький) — советский физико-географ, краевед. Доктор географических наук. Основоположник изучения нижегородской топонимики и ономастики. Доцент кафедры физической географии Горьковского государственного педагогического института.

Биография
Родился в семье парикмахера Людвига Трубе и уроженки Нижнего Новгорода Анне Ивановне (девичья фамилия — Котельникова). Отец — латыш по национальности, мать принадлежала до революции к мещанскому сословию.

В 1940—1944 годах Лев учился на географическом факультете в Горьковском государственном педагогическом институте. После его окончания с отличием, с 1944 года и до конца своих дней преподавал в альма-матер. Лев Людвигович первый среди выпускников географического факультета защитил кандидатскую диссертацию (1951 г., МГУ). Докторская диссертация защищена в 1988 году.

Захоронен в Нижнем Новгороде, на кладбище «Марьина Роща».
 Наука
Основные интересы Л. Л. Трубе лежали в области физической географии, географии населения и топонимики. Им было издано 12 книг и 350 статей. Среди книг: «Наши города» (1954 г.),  «Горьковская область. Природа и население» (1968 г., в соавторстве с А. Ф. Шубиным), «География Горьковской области» (1978 г.), «География города Горького» (1971 г.), «Население города Горького» (1982 г.).

Л. Л. Трубе является основоположником изучения нижегородской топонимики и ономастики. Самая значительная книга Л. Л. Трубе по топонимике — «Как возникли географические названия Горьковской области» (Горький, 1962). По жанру это — топонимический словарь, содержащий свыше 400 корневых слов, относящихся к названиям примерно 1000 населенных пунктов и 100 рек, а также ряд других географических объектов, в частности местностей. Сюда же включен ряд названий, касающийся топонимики города Горького.

 Оценки научного наследия

К 80-летию со дня рождения Л. Л. Трубе в московском издательстве «Стольный град» выпущена книга, составленная из пятидесяти топонимических заметок Л. Л. Трубе. Она называется «Достопримечательные географические названия земли Нижегородской».

На сайте НГПУ им. Козьмы Минина отмечено, что Л. Л. Трубе является одним из наиболее цитируемых за рубежом отечественных ученых-географов. Он был отмечен среди крупнейших советских урбанистов в работе известных французских географов Ж. Божье-Гарнье и Ж. Шабо «Очерки по географии городов» (1967).

Библиография
Автор учебных пособий и монографий; всего им опубликовано 12 книг, 350 статей.

В их числе: «Наши города» (1954), «Как возникли географические названия Горьковской области» (1962), «География Горьковской области», «География города Горького», «Население города Горького».

Основные труды Л. Л. Трубе по ономастике

 Как возникли географические названия Горьковской области. — Горький: Горьковское кн. изд-во, 1962. — 192 с.
 К топонимии населенных пунктов Горьковской области // Питання ономастики. Матеріалы 2-й Республіканьскої наради з питань ономастики. — Кіїв, 1965. С. 215—220. В соавторстве с Б. С. Хоревым.
 Топонимика в учебной географии и географической литературе // Изучение географических названий. М., 1966. С. 172—173.
 Мордовские тополексемы в Горьковской области // Вопросы финно-угорского языкознания. 4. — Ижевск, 1967. С. 243—244.
 О былом расселении мордвы на территории Горьковской области по данным топонимии. Труды НИИЯЛИЭ. Вып. 34. — Саранск, 1968. С. 234—246.
 Мордовская топонимия Мордовской АССР и Горьковской области // Вопросы мордовского языкознания. Вып. 36. — Саранск, 1969. С. 202—204.
 Наивная этимология и фольклор в топонимии // Ономастика Поволжья. — Ульяновск, 1969. C. 182—185. В соавторстве с Г. М. Пономаренко.
 О повторяющихся оронимах (перенесенные оронимы, дублетные оронимы и омооронимы) // Оронимика. — М., 1969. С. 15-19.
 Опыт топонимического изучения одного района (Воскресенский район Горьковской области) // Ономастика Поволжья. — Ульяновск, 1969. С. 159—163. В соавторстве с В. А. Чурбановой.
 Этноним корел в топонимии Горьковской области // Ономастика Поволжья. — Ульяновск, 1969. С. 164—166. В соавторстве с Н. Я. Макарычевой.
 Местные географические термины в топонимии Горьковской области // Местные географические термины (Вопросы географии. Сб. 81). — М., 1970. С. 159—162.
 О новых наименованиях городов нашей страны // Ономастика Поволжья. 2. — Горький, 1971. С. 107—111. В соавторстве с Б. С. Хоревым.
 Перенесенные топонимы Горьковской области // Ономастика Поволжья. 2. — Горький, 1971. С. 287—289.
 Гидронимы Горьковской области с формантом «ляй» // Вопросы советского финно-угроведения. — Саранск, 1972. С. 25.
 Одноимённые топонимы Горьковской области и Чувашской АССР // Диалекты и топонимия Поволжья. Вып. 1. — Чебоксары, 1972. С. 20-23.
 Личные мордовские имена в топонимии Горьковской области и некоторые вопросы формирования её населения // Ономастика Поволжья. 3. — Уфа, 1973. С. 259—262.
 Топонимы Марийской, Чувашской АССР и Горьковской области с формантом ‑нер // Вопросы марийского языкознания. Вып. З. — Йошкар-Ола, 1973. С. 60-61.
 Отражение черт природы в топонимии Горьковской области // Топонимия Центральной России (Вопросы географии, сб. 94). — М.,1974. С. 147—153.
 Этнонимы в топонимии Горьковской области // Топонимия Центральной России. (Вопросы географии, сб. 94). — М.,1974. С. 147—153.
 Урбанонимия города Горького // Теория и практика топонимических исследований. — М., 1975. С. 44-48.
 Отражение хозяйственной деятельности в топонимии Горьковской области // Ономастика Поволжья. 4. — Саранск, 1976. С. 269—271.
 Топонимическая система города (на примере города Горького) // Русская ономастика. — Рязань, 1977. С. 113—114.
 О названиях волжских городов // Диалекты и топонимия Поволжья. — Чебоксары, 1978.
 Чувашские топонимы в Арктике // Диалекты и топонимия Поволжья. Чебоксары, 1978.
 Топонимика и историческая экономическая география // Топонимика на службе географии (Вопросы географии, сб. 110). — М., 1979. С. 38-50.
 Марийская топонимия Марийской АССР и Горьковской области // Диалекты и топонимия Поволжья. Вып. 8. — Чебоксары, 1980. С. 57-61.
 Остров Буян: Пушкин и география. — Горький: Волго-Вят. кн. изд-во, 1987. 239 с.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Трубе, Лев Людвигович

Географы СССР
Доктора географических наук
Топонимисты
Похороненные на кладбище «Марьина Роща»


text:
Q: EXT4 performance has become really bad on system with lots of small files I have a small embedded device that has only 128MB of RAM
attached to this device is a 2TB USB2 hard disk
I've been very happy with the performance of the device up until recently when either the number of files has cross a threshold of the capacity of the disk has cross a threshold (I'm not sure which)
on the disk are many small files,  due to the nature of the writing application files are organized in a very balanced way - no leaf node directory has more than 200 files and there are just over 800,000 files.
I'm hoping to get a lead on something to investigate.  The disk performance has dropped significantly,  the device was zipping along quite well and then all of a sudden performance dropped like a rock.
My assumption is that the organizational structure I've chosen on disk for my files has somehow hurt the inode caches ability to remain zippy.
as an experiment, I dismounted the disk (flushing caches, verified with free). Then from a command prompt I navigated deep into the directory structure.  All told this directory (and its children) had only about 3200 files contained beneath it, and at this point 'free' showed >117MB of free memory
at this point, I typed the command 'find' followed by 'free'
'find' showed about 3000 files, but the memory usage went from ~117MB to ~2MB
I understand the balances of cache vs free memory, and how the kernel considers an empty page a bad page - however 115MB of cached content from a directory of 3000 files points to a serious gap in my understanding.  I'm hoping someone will help me understand whats happening
can I assume a balanced tree is the way to go for having lots of files?

A: Very good problem description.
Based on what you said, I think what you are seeing is slab usage going high. A good experiment would be to run a cat /proc/meminfo and cat /proc/slabinfo over a 3 second delay while you go deep into the fs hierarchy and discover the 3000 files. What essentially is happening is that the kernel will traverse the fs structure and scans the individual files and their inodes and all of them are stored in memory. If you check /proc/slabinfo you will see an object called ext4_inode_cache which tells you how much memory each inode will take. Multiply this with the no of objects (obj_size * no_obj) and you get the amount of memory used by the object. The deep you go into fs hierarchy, the more memory will be consumed until system hits the high watermark of the memory zone. At which point, kernel will start reclaiming.
If you poke into meminfo and slabinfo, you will get the details you are looking for. If you want me to look, pastebin it ;)


text:
package io.github.raptros.bson

import org.scalatest.{GivenWhenThen, Matchers, FlatSpec}
import scalaz.syntax.std.option._
import scalaz.std.option._
import com.mongodb.{DBObject, BasicDBList, BasicDBObject}
import org.bson.types.ObjectId
import org.joda.time.DateTime

import EncodeBsonField._
import Builders._

class EncodeBsonFieldSpec extends FlatSpec with Matchers with GivenWhenThen {
  behavior of "the provided EncodeBsonField instances"

  they should "directly encode any basic values" in {
    Given("a DBObject")
    val dbo = new BasicDBObject()

    When("writing several values to it")
    dbo.write("boolean", true)
    dbo.write("double", 3.45: Double)
    dbo.write("string", "something")
    val objectId = new ObjectId()
    dbo.write("objectId", objectId)

    Then("those values should present and castable")
    dbo.keySet() should contain only ("boolean", "double", "string", "objectId")
    dbo.getBoolean("boolean") shouldBe true
    dbo.getDouble("double") shouldBe 3.45
    dbo.getString("string") shouldBe "something"
    dbo.getObjectId("objectId") shouldBe objectId
  }

  they should "encode a date time as a date" in {
    val dbo = new BasicDBObject()
    val now = DateTime.now()
    dbo.write("now", now)
    dbo.getDate("now") shouldBe now.toDate
  }

  they should "derive a list field encoder from EncodeBsons" in {
    val dbo = new BasicDBObject()
    val l = Vector("one", "two", "three")
    dbo.write("l", l)
    val dbl = dbo.get("l").asInstanceOf[BasicDBList]
    dbl.keySet() should contain only ("0", "1", "2")
    dbl.get(0) shouldBe "one"
    dbl.get(1) shouldBe "two"
    dbl.get(2) shouldBe "three"
  }

  they should "allow optional field encoding" in {
    val dbo = new BasicDBObject()
    val o1 = "howdily".some
    val o2 = none[String]
    dbo.write("k1", o1)
    dbo.write("k2", o2)

    dbo.keySet should contain only "k1"
    dbo.get("k1") shouldBe "howdily"
  }

  behavior of "EncodeBsonField in the DBOKV/DBOBuilder/DBO() context"

  it should "allow construction via DBO()" in {
    val dbo = DBO("one" :> 344, "zerg" :> true, "gl" :> List(2, 5, 6))

    dbo.keySet() should contain only ("one", "gl", "zerg")
    dbo.get("one") shouldBe 344
    dbo.get("zerg") shouldBe true
    val dbl = dbo.get("gl").asInstanceOf[BasicDBList]
    dbl.keySet() should contain only ("0", "1", "2")
    dbl.get(0) shouldBe 2
    dbl.get(1) shouldBe 5
    dbl.get(2) shouldBe 6
  }

  it should "allow construction via +@+" in {
    val dbo = DBO.empty +@+ ("yo" :> "dawg")
    dbo.keySet() should contain only "yo"
    dbo.get("yo") shouldBe "dawg"
  }

  it should "allow construction via ++@++" in {
    val dbo = DBO("yo" :> "dawg") ++@++ List("we" :> true, "heard" :> 3, "you" :> "like", "objects" :> List("so", "we"))
    dbo.keySet() should contain only ("yo", "we", "heard", "you", "objects")
    dbo.get("you") shouldBe "like"
    dbo.get("heard") shouldBe 3
  }

  it should "allow construction via +?+" in {
    val dbo = DBO.empty +?+ ("in" :?> 44.some) +?+ ("out" :?> none[String]) +?+ ("alsoIn" :?> true.some)
    dbo.keySet() should contain only ("in", "alsoIn")
    dbo.get("in") shouldBe 44
    dbo.get("alsoIn") shouldBe true

  }

  it should "allow embedding DBOs inside DBOs" in {
    val dbo = DBO("embed" :> DBO("embedded" :> true, "other" :> "something"))
    dbo.keySet() should contain only "embed"
    val embedded = dbo.get("embed").asInstanceOf[DBObject]
    embedded.keySet() should contain only ("embedded", "other")
    embedded.get("embedded") shouldBe true
    embedded.get("other") shouldBe "something"
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Edgar Ruhwedel (* 10. März 1934 in Bielefeld; † 17. Mai 2020) war ein deutscher Rechtswissenschaftler.

Leben
Nach der ersten juristischen Staatsprüfung 1958, der zweiten juristischen Staatsprüfung 1962, der Promotion am 27. Februar 1963 in Frankfurt am Main bei Hans Jürgen Abraham und der Habilitation 1971 an der Goethe-Universität bei Hans Jürgen Abraham wurde er dort 1971 Ordinarius für Bürgerliches Recht, Handels- und Verkehrsrecht.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Die Rechtsstellung des Flugzeugkommandanten im zivilen Luftverkehr. Bielefeld 1964, .
 Die Partenreederei. Das Erscheinungsbild einer historisch gewachsenen Gesellschaft im modernen Recht. Bielefeld 1973, ISBN 3-7694-0352-5.
 Der Luftbeförderungsvertrag. Ein Grundriss des deutschen und internationalen Rechts der Personen- und Güterbeförderung auf dem Luftweg. Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-472-02621-9.

Literatur
 als Herausgeber Wolf Müller-Rostin und Ronald Schmid: Das Luftverkehrsrecht vor neuen Herausforderungen. Festgabe für Edgar Ruhwedel. München 2004, ISBN 3-472-05937-0.

Weblinks
 beck-shop.de

Hochschullehrer (Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main)
Rechtswissenschaftler (20. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1934
Gestorben 2020
Mann


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A beautiful, modern and well-decorated hotel with excellent restaurant, pool, and spa...what more can you ask for?
This hotel is in town on a small property but offers many places to sit, relax, dine and take in the views, well planned out it never feels crowded.
There are four room types to choose from the suites even have a private patio on and personal hot tub. All rooms are very well appointed and tastefully decorated.
The restaurant and lounge are open all day and in the evening there is often live entertainment.
After a day of activities enjoy the pool with a swim-up bar or relax in the jacuzzi. To help pamper you, even more, the hotel has a full-service spa too.
And there is no need to skip a gym day, you are free to use the gym onsite.


Correspondence from Sir Richard John Strachan to Sir William Cornwallis.
Picard was an ordained Jesuit priest, professor of astronomy at the College de France and a member of the Academie Royale de Sciences. He was the first to accurately compute the size of the Earth.


So I have a question for Elizabeth and Eric and anyone else.
If a young person wants to start a farm, what are the workable options for gaining farm land? Especially options in the spirit of permaculture?
So far the only available option seems to be go into debt. This is the standard advise and the only apparent option. This is Mark Sheppard's advise. But that is neither sustainable nor wise nor compatible with permaculture in my view. So what else is there?
I speak specifically of the US context and of people wanting to get into direct market farming, as that is where the question most often comes up. I have a lot people who come to me for advise who want to get into farming and can't because they can't get access to land. A lot. And we need a lot of new farmers because our farm population is aging but we can't get these folks into a position with land.
We're not talking 1 acre hobby farms but enough land for an economically sustainable mid-sized farm. 20 to 40? acres fruit and vegies; 80 to 300 acres hogs/dairy; 660?-10,000 acres beef.
Personally I have a little under 80 acres myself and am making it work for hogs and dairy and poultry but the best model for a mid-sized economically sustainable farm has me producing my own hay and grain and I can't do that at this scale. And the equipment needed for what I'm doing would do 100's of acres and so this pushes up my overheads. And my biggest demand is beef, which requires much larger scale to produce economically.
Farm Link: Nice option, but availability is limited to non-existant in many parts of the country.
Debt: Farming and debt don't mix; this is suicide. Land is priced at investment value and the interest cost is higher than the rental value. It can also be hard to get.
Renting: Often impossible to find, insecure, and for many types of enterprise you need to live on the farm or build infrastructure incompatable with rental.
Trusts: Not available most areas.
Just do small scale vegies/SPIN farming: Not everyone can be a vegetable farmer. This is easy to get into and the market being saturated in many parts of the country. People still eat meat and dairy and they're often more in demand.
Crowd funding: Maybe this could work. But how? Has anyone crowdfunded 250k for land? Will this scale if everyone starts doing it?
I read somewhere that there is a person or business looking to purchase abandoned land in Detroit to start up farming. I would bet there are at least some cities that would consider selling off vacant land for next to nothing, like $1, to get if off their books and to be able to have to stop maintaining the land and start collecting at least some taxes. As I drive through Detroit every day on the way to work, I see entire blocks adding up to a lot of acres either empty or almost empty with burned out homes. A lot of sweat equity and some time could really clean up these parcels which could be farmed. It could be an option.
Kim, what you're referencing is basically the SPIN method. Urban land is great for vegies but little else. And even then the economics of SPIN is dicey.
The northeast is somewhat of an exception to what I spoke of as there are many strong FarmLink programs there and absentee farm owners are more liable to want to see the land preserved through organic farming. However it is not like that in most of the country; especially here in the mid-west.
I have that book already, but thanks for bringing it up as others may be interested. Another useful book is Greg Judy's No Risk ranching. But I can tell you from experience the land patturns in his area of MO are different than in many others and it won't work everywhere.
There are not 'lots of non-ownership tenure options'. I've done what you say and while it can work it usually doesn't. And others I know looking can't find land. To the contrary I knew several farms that closed for lack of land.
Anything workable for farmland is usually already snapped up in long tenure leases. If its not currently being farmed there is usually a really good reason; especially after a decade of record high grain and beef markets. There are some marginal cases where someone maybe able to make something happen but it won't work for most enterprises and it certainly won't put any large number of folks back on farms.
Even if one is able to find a non-ownership option those only work in limited cases where you happen to live near by and don't need any additional infrastructure; which vastly limits the options of what land you can target and what enterprises can be done. Food forests and perennial poly-cultures? Forget it. And you're not likely to be able to source enough land this way to do any kind of larger scale operation.
When I was looking for land originally I found a few rental type arrangements in the bistate area, but none had housing on-site or near by meaning uneconomic amounts of travel would be required. And that doesn't work if you're doing anything other than hay or crops.
Another very juicy -- and challenging, and often controversial -- topic!
To start, it feels important to say that although Jay may have decided that the options he listed are not for him, many in his list have worked, and are still working, for many people. The point that he does make clear, and that I hope everyone will read loud and clear, is that not all options will work for everyone, in every situation. I'm a bit wary of blanket statements that say "this doesn't work" without going into details, because what doesn't work for some might well work for others, in just the same way that what does work for some might not work for others... it all really depends on what you're trying to do, how, why, and with what, right?
2. Do your research and find out what is actually available where you are, or at least applicable.
3. Narrow down your list of options and ask anyone who will talk to you what their experience has been with those options.
4. Talk to the people you'd be partnering with. See if you "click." Listen closely to what they are saying their values and needs are.
5. Negotiate an agreement that comes as close as possible to meeting everyone's needs.
6. Honor the agreement. If something's not working, talk about it, and renegotiate.
Often, as Jay points out, there just isn't a good match. Which is a bummer, particularly as this issue of getting onto land is, as he also points out, a huge crux in the sustainable food movement in general, particularly in the Ag of the Middle zone where you're bigger than a market garden but don't want to be beholden to market fluctuations in price / lack of brand loyalty / etc etc inherent in trying to sell to an undifferentiated commodity market.
--Create and promote regionally-appropriate models that conserve productive farmland dedicated to sustainable agriculture, and make the land available to next-generation producers.
--Facilitate and develop the social and intellectual networks required to overcome the present cultural economy of industrial agriculture.
--Replicate successful models, scale up the rate of farmland succession.
They also recently released a new version of a publication that covers a whole bunch of other ways for farmers (beginning and/or established to get on land, but I can't find it... I will make a phone call to see if/how it is currently available.
Equity Trust is another organization that has done some really innovative work around getting farmers on land. Yes it's true, easements are not always available, and their work shows that they can be very helpful in keeping farmland affordable for farming! The link above will take you to their Resources for Farmers, which include model documents and several publications on the topics of this thread.
Executive Director, Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy.
Elizabeth, please do let us know if you find that publication.
In the mean time let me see if I can restate this a little more clearly.
This isn't exactly about me. This is more about all the new and potential farmers I mentor for whom a lack of land is keeping them from getting into farming or from farming sustainably.
Yes those options work for many people. But they do not work for most people or most production types nor are they sufficient to get the mass numbers of new farmers on the land that we need to.
We need fundamentally better approaches and clearer paths for transitioning farms to the next generation.
So can permaculture design a better solution?
Get a high paying job and save up money to buy a farm? In this economy? Young people? That's ludicrous. Especially for anything larger than a small vegetable farm.
Are mortgages and debt consistent with permaculture principles? Arn't we supposed to be finding solutions to replace our unsustainable fiat debt based currency system that transfers wealth from the poor and middle class to the bankers?
One of the common visions of permaculturists is to see mass amounts of land transformed from industrial extractive unsustainable agriculture to permaculture. With the local food movement and the increasingly aging farm population a once in a lifetime opportunity is coming to effect broadscale change nationwide. In fact given the soil degradation timelines this may be our last opportunity.
But only if we can find a way to get mass numbers of young and beginning farmers on the land. And I don't see that happening.
Does permaculture have a way?
Farm Link is one of the really good solutions but it is often severely hampered. One of the problems it has is its business model is unsustainable. Most if not all of those organizations rely on grants to work. And so many don't do much work. Some states have good programs, but many states have no program or programs with few to no land opportunities.
Can permaculture design a better Farm Link?
Ah, OK, I have a clearer sense of where you're coming from now... and I'm completely unqualified to answer what permaculture can do, as I don't claim to speak for them.
Have you been following this thread, Starting from Absolute Zero? Yes, getting onto farmland is important... and yes, owning farmland has its advantages. But if we agree that this is difficult-to-the-point-of-impossible in so many situations... then what?
I'm certainly not attempting to minimize the issue, and the organizations I listed (particularly Agrarian Trust) have far better-developed analyses of the problems and potential solutions than I do!
These are great questions, no doubt about that, and the moment is critical given the enormous amount of farmland that is about to change hands merely by fact of the aging ownership. I look forward to hearing what permaculture would offer by way of design responses to all of this.
There are some high or at least decent paying jobs for young people including in permaculture. Twenty years ago there were really no such jobs in permaculture but today I know a number of well-paid permaculture site managers and so on. This is a very exciting development.
As to the larger question of developing a new system to get young farmers on the land, that's currently a national conversation here in the US being spearheaded by folks in the Farm Link world, Land for Good, and other organizations and movements. Probably the first place for permies to start is to get plugged in to that conversation about grassroots efforts, alternative financing, and policy change.
Regarding that CA Farmlink document: unfortunately they are still in the midst of updating it (apologies, I had previously believed that the update had been completed), so there's no way currently to get your hands on it... but it should be available in the next few months.
I just spoke with Ali at CA Farmlink and she says you can contact her (ali@cafarmlink.org) for more information about when the new-and-improved version will be out, and how to get a copy.
Permies land trust? Permaculture land trust?
What if we look at money ( for buying land) like we look at water on the land and try to slow it down and soak in...I don't know what that would mean...but I'm one of those referred to by Jay, ie itching to get on a piece of land and create food abundance but struggling to afford land (and building loan) and I'm not so young even...the idea of borrowing from a bank is so contraindicated!
What if successful permaculturalists pooled their deep pockets and started a focused credit union?


Case Study: Wildly Delicious - Complete line of packaging for gourmet foods. Petite Maison, Brie Baker.
Culinary stories beautifully told. Passion defines this Canadian success story. Set against the backdrop of today's increasingly complex world, the company founders wanted to celebrate French cooking and a return to simple food enjoyment: a place where life is lived at a slower pace.


ES series is the representative MPU for basic sequential control as well as the most cost-effective small PLC.
*Communication port: Built-in RS-232 and RS-485, compatible with MODBUS ASCII / RTU communication protocol.
*High-speed pulse output: Supports 2-point (Y0, Y1) independent high-speed pulse output of up to 10KHz.
#Bandwidth refers to the max. counting range of a single counter.
power supply drops to 70V AC, the PLC will stop. Maximum power loss time is 10ms or less.
time is 5ms or less.
units should be grounded directly to the ground pole).
Spinning machine, elevator control, packaging machine, material feeder, capacitor leg cutting machine, food processing machine, landscape fountain.
hello, can you offer replacement ? how much? i need 20 pcs, must not be used!


What is the purpose of using generics on extensions?
But what is this generics on fun<T> and CallBackKt<T>.() ?
The actual type (the value of the type parameter) has to come from somewhere and if the function enque wouldn't be generic the type must have been fixed to some specific type (what is not what you want).
What's the difference between T and Any?
If you replace any T with Any you will return likely type Any and then the caller has to cast the result of your method back to the type they want.
For example writing a function like fun <T> List<T>.first() : T = this wouldn't really work with Any.
You could write fun List<Any>.first() : Any = this but then you can't really use the result without casting it back to String or Int or whatever your list is typed at.


text:
#include "mediapipe/tasks/cc/metadata/metadata_extractor.h"

#include "absl/status/status.h"
#include "absl/status/statusor.h"
#include "absl/strings/cord.h"
#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
#include "mediapipe/framework/port/file_helpers.h"
#include "mediapipe/framework/port/gmock.h"
#include "mediapipe/framework/port/gtest.h"
#include "mediapipe/framework/port/status_macros.h"
#include "mediapipe/framework/port/status_matchers.h"
#include "mediapipe/tasks/cc/common.h"

namespace mediapipe {
namespace tasks {
namespace metadata {
namespace {

using ::testing::Optional;

constexpr char kTestDataDirectory[] = "mediapipe/tasks/testdata/metadata";
constexpr char kEnLocale[] = "en";
constexpr char kFrLocale[] = "fr";
constexpr char kEnLabels[] = "0-labels-en.txt";
constexpr char kMobileIcaWithoutTfLiteMetadata[] =
    "mobile_ica_8bit-without-model-metadata.tflite";
constexpr char kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata[] =
    "mobile_ica_8bit-with-metadata.tflite";

constexpr char kMobileIcaWithUnsupportedMetadataVersion[] =
    "mobile_ica_8bit-with-unsupported-metadata-version.tflite";
constexpr char kMobileIcaWithMetadataContainingNoName[] =
    "mobile_object_classifier_v0_2_3-metadata-no-name.tflite";
constexpr char kMobileNetWithNoMetadata[] =
    "mobilenet_v1_0.25_224_1_default_1.tflite";
// Text file not in FlatBuffer format.
constexpr char kRandomTextFile[] = "external_file";

absl::StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor>> CreateMetadataExtractor(
    std::string model_name, std::string* file_contents) {
  MP_RETURN_IF_ERROR(file::GetContents(
      file::JoinPath("./", kTestDataDirectory, model_name), file_contents));
  return ModelMetadataExtractor::CreateFromModelBuffer(file_contents->data(),
                                                       file_contents->length());
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, CreateFailsWithInvalidFlatBuffer) {
  std::string buffer;
  absl::StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor>> extractor =
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kRandomTextFile, &buffer);

  EXPECT_THAT(extractor.status().code(), absl::StatusCode::kInvalidArgument);
  EXPECT_THAT(extractor.status().GetPayload(kMediaPipeTasksPayload),
              Optional(absl::Cord(absl::StrCat(
                  MediaPipeTasksStatus::kInvalidFlatBufferError))));
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, CreateFailsWithUnsupportedMetadataVersion) {
  std::string buffer;
  absl::StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor>> extractor =
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithUnsupportedMetadataVersion,
                              &buffer);
  EXPECT_THAT(extractor.status().code(), absl::StatusCode::kInvalidArgument);
  EXPECT_THAT(extractor.status().GetPayload(kMediaPipeTasksPayload),
              Optional(absl::Cord(absl::StrCat(
                  MediaPipeTasksStatus::kMetadataInvalidSchemaVersionError))));
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, ModelCreatedWithNoNameMetadataField) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithMetadataContainingNoName, &buffer));
  EXPECT_EQ(extractor->GetModelMetadata(), nullptr);
}

// This model has no "TFLITE_METADATA" but has one metadata field for
// "min_runtime_version".
TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest,
     GetModelMetadataSucceedsWithoutTfLiteMetadata) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithoutTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_EQ(extractor->GetModelMetadata(), nullptr);
}

// This model has no metadata at all. Source:
// https://tfhub.dev/tensorflow/lite-model/mobilenet_v1_0.25_224/1/default/1
TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, GetModelMetadataSucceedsWithBlankMetadata) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileNetWithNoMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_EQ(extractor->GetModelMetadata(), nullptr);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, GetModelMetadataSucceedsWithMetadata) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  ASSERT_TRUE(extractor->GetModelMetadata() != nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(extractor->GetModelMetadata()->name() != nullptr);
  EXPECT_STREQ(extractor->GetModelMetadata()->name()->c_str(),
               "image_understanding/classifier/mobile_ica_V1");
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, GetAssociatedFileSucceeds) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  MP_EXPECT_OK(extractor->GetAssociatedFile("0-labels.txt").status());
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, GetAssociatedFileFailsWithNoSuchFile) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  absl::StatusOr<absl::string_view> file_contents =
      extractor->GetAssociatedFile("foo");
  EXPECT_THAT(file_contents.status().code(), absl::StatusCode::kNotFound);
  EXPECT_THAT(
      file_contents.status().GetPayload(kMediaPipeTasksPayload),
      Optional(absl::Cord(absl::StrCat(
          MediaPipeTasksStatus::kMetadataAssociatedFileNotFoundError))));
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, FindFirstProcessUnitSucceeds) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  const flatbuffers::Vector<flatbuffers::Offset<tflite::TensorMetadata>>*
      output_tensor_metadata = extractor->GetOutputTensorMetadata();
  ASSERT_EQ(output_tensor_metadata->size(), 1);
  absl::StatusOr<const tflite::ProcessUnit*> process_unit =
      ModelMetadataExtractor::FindFirstProcessUnit(
          *output_tensor_metadata->Get(0),
          tflite::ProcessUnitOptions_ScoreCalibrationOptions);
  MP_ASSERT_OK(process_unit.status());
  EXPECT_TRUE(process_unit.value() != nullptr);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, FindFirstProcessUnitNonExistentReturnsNull) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  const flatbuffers::Vector<flatbuffers::Offset<tflite::TensorMetadata>>*
      output_tensor_metadata = extractor->GetOutputTensorMetadata();
  ASSERT_EQ(output_tensor_metadata->size(), 1);
  absl::StatusOr<const tflite::ProcessUnit*> process_unit =
      ModelMetadataExtractor::FindFirstProcessUnit(
          *output_tensor_metadata->Get(0),
          tflite::ProcessUnitOptions_NormalizationOptions);
  MP_ASSERT_OK(process_unit.status());
  EXPECT_TRUE(process_unit.value() == nullptr);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, FindFirstAssociatedFileNameSucceeds) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  const flatbuffers::Vector<flatbuffers::Offset<tflite::TensorMetadata>>*
      output_tensor_metadata = extractor->GetOutputTensorMetadata();
  ASSERT_EQ(output_tensor_metadata->size(), 1);
  std::string filename = ModelMetadataExtractor::FindFirstAssociatedFileName(
      *output_tensor_metadata->Get(0),
      tflite::AssociatedFileType_TENSOR_AXIS_LABELS, kEnLocale);
  EXPECT_EQ(filename, kEnLabels);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest,
     FindFirstAssociatedFileNameWithUnknownLocaleReturnsEmpty) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  const flatbuffers::Vector<flatbuffers::Offset<tflite::TensorMetadata>>*
      output_tensor_metadata = extractor->GetOutputTensorMetadata();
  ASSERT_EQ(output_tensor_metadata->size(), 1);
  std::string filename = ModelMetadataExtractor::FindFirstAssociatedFileName(
      *output_tensor_metadata->Get(0),
      tflite::AssociatedFileType_TENSOR_AXIS_LABELS, kFrLocale);
  EXPECT_EQ(filename, "");
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest,
     FindFirstAssociatedFileNameNonExistentReturnsEmpty) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  const flatbuffers::Vector<flatbuffers::Offset<tflite::TensorMetadata>>*
      output_tensor_metadata = extractor->GetOutputTensorMetadata();
  ASSERT_EQ(output_tensor_metadata->size(), 1);
  std::string filename = ModelMetadataExtractor::FindFirstAssociatedFileName(
      *output_tensor_metadata->Get(0),
      tflite::AssociatedFileType_TENSOR_VALUE_LABELS);
  EXPECT_EQ(filename, "");
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, GetInputTensorMetadataWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_TRUE(extractor->GetInputTensorMetadata() != nullptr);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest,
     GetInputTensorMetadataWithoutTfLiteMetadataWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithoutTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_TRUE(extractor->GetInputTensorMetadata() == nullptr);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, GetInputTensorMetadataWithIndexWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_TRUE(extractor->GetInputTensorMetadata(0) != nullptr);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest,
     GetInputTensorMetadataWithIndexAndWithoutTfLiteMetadataWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithoutTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_TRUE(extractor->GetInputTensorMetadata(0) == nullptr);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest,
     GetInputTensorMetadataWithOutOfRangeIndexWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithoutTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_TRUE(extractor->GetInputTensorMetadata(-1) == nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(extractor->GetInputTensorMetadata(2) == nullptr);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, GetInputTensorCountWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_EQ(extractor->GetInputTensorCount(), 1);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest,
     GetInputTensorWithoutTfLiteMetadataCountWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithoutTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_EQ(extractor->GetInputTensorCount(), 0);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, GetOutputTensorMetadataWithIndexWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_TRUE(extractor->GetOutputTensorMetadata(0) != nullptr);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest,
     GetOutputTensorMetadataWithIndexAndWithoutTfLiteMetadataWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithoutTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_TRUE(extractor->GetOutputTensorMetadata(0) == nullptr);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest,
     GetOutputTensorMetadataWithOutOfRangeIndexWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithoutTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_TRUE(extractor->GetOutputTensorMetadata(-1) == nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(extractor->GetOutputTensorMetadata(2) == nullptr);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, GetOutputTensorCountWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_EQ(extractor->GetOutputTensorCount(), 1);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest,
     GetOutputTensorWithoutTfLiteMetadataCountWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithoutTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  EXPECT_EQ(extractor->GetOutputTensorCount(), 0);
}

TEST(ModelMetadataExtractorTest, GetModelVersionWorks) {
  std::string buffer;
  MP_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
      std::unique_ptr<ModelMetadataExtractor> extractor,
      CreateMetadataExtractor(kMobileIcaWithTfLiteMetadata, &buffer));
  MP_EXPECT_OK(extractor->GetModelVersion().status());
}

}  // namespace
}  // namespace metadata
}  // namespace tasks
}  // namespace mediapipe


We have 3 iPod touch in my household, two belong to minors. How do I keep the peace when iTunes gift cards are recieved? At this point any cards that are redeemed are open to "ALL". Yes, sharing is good unless it is a birthday or Christmas present, or other gift. Is there a way to redeem gift cards per device? I watched your tutorial about setting up different emails to maintain privacy between teenage sisters, but it did not indicated wether or not this would work with iTunes cards. Please help! They have about $300 in gift cards between them, and I won't let either of them use them until I can figure out how to keep the peace.
There are two ways I can see handling this. One would be for them each to have their own iTunes account. Now, of course they can't because they are too young. So you would have to have 3 additional accounts that each belong to YOU — and they are each accessing one of your accounts only on their own device.
Another option is to simply keep track of who spends what. Is that so hard? Just get a piece of paper (or a document file, like a spreadsheet) and as each kid buys something you enter it into the list. It is only $300 and only 3 kids. Four columns on a sheet of paper — purchase, A, B, C (enter the amount spent in one of the three ABC columns depends on the buyer). Seems pretty simple to me. Plus, they can make a joint purchase and share it between them all since it is the same account. So they can all purchase a $0.99 app and get it on all three devices while only spending $0.33 each.
Thanks, I think the math and bookkeeping skills might just be a good idea. I really didn't expect a reply on Christmas Day, I guess I got a present after all. thank you.


text:
Dan Mahony - President - Winthrop University
Winthrop University President Dan Mahony breaks down his institution's AD hiring process, touching on specifics including the university's academic and athletic positioning, and the facility portfolio in Rock Hill.
Rick Hart - Southern Methodist University - Director of Athletics
In today's episode, SMU AD Rick Hart shares the process he uses to retain key pieces of information, and his "must read" book list.
SMU AD Rick Hart dishes on his daily routine. Learn more about his 'no meetings on Friday' rule, the value he places on quality reading and sleep, and more in today's interview.
Nathan Pine - Athletic Director - College of the Holy Cross
Holy Cross AD Nathan Pine speaks to 1.Question about the importance of early fundraising wins for a new AD, and the internal and external momentum that can be created from giving.
Jimmy Bass - Director of Athletics - UNC-Wilmington
UNC-Wilmington Director of Athletics Jimmy Bass talks about the value of surrounding yourself with the right people, leveraging his teams' on-court success, and whether or not he'd have issues with hiring a Head Coach who doesn't fully embrace engaging with the community.


The Workflow Coordinator's primary responsibility is to manage project activities in the Electronic Publishing (EP) department under cost, resource and schedule constraints. This is a 40-hour per week, on-site position located in Owings Mills, MD for a leading employer in the Baltimore area. There is a possibility of this position becoming a temp to perm position at some point in 2013.
This position collaborates with other internal colleagues and supervisors to make decisions regarding the distribution of projects and prioritization of work within the Electronic Publishing (EP) department. The coordinator meets with internal clients in person and also confers with others regarding work that is received via electronic transmission or interoffice mail. The Workflow Coordinator actively monitors the production process and suggests improvements where efficiency and effectiveness can be achieved.
Manages multiple projects; acts a project administrator intermediary for enterprise-wide initiatives; schedules, controls, documents and manages electronic production work so that repeatable success can be realized over time. Sometimes manages individual tasks of an overall project that results into a cohesive whole. Facilitates the function where business needs and technology resources meet. Understands the different needs associated with different global locations.
Ensures projects are performed and delivered under cost, resource and schedule constraints. Acts as a client representative and determines and implements the exact needs of the client based on knowledge of the business. Has the ability to adapt the various internal procedures of the EP department to ensure that client satisfaction is realized. Envisions multiple projects from start to finish and prioritizes resources and tasks for successful completion by managing deadlines and client expectations. Continuously monitors and measures project success and elucidates time and cost to the business and supervisors in terms of errors, fixes and additional work needed.
Adheres to quality standards and process Service Level Agreements (SLAs) while validating requests for submission. Coaches and collaborates with internal clients and account management for efficient job submission, often acting as an advocate and trainer of for EP's policies. Uses critical thinking and problem solving skills to efficiently identify and solve project issues and evaluate risk. Anticipates problems and resolves them before they happen. Improves project success by applying known industry best practices in publishing.
Develops and maintains cordial relationships with clients, account management and team members in Electronic Publishing. Conducts regular meetings with team members to know the status of projects and also to ensure that changes and improvements, if necessary, are achieved. Identifies key factors in the completion of projects and points out non-beneficial aspects of projects, so that they can be avoided in the future. Recognizes the internal roles that team members hold and discerns the most efficient path through EP to accomplish project completion. Shares feedback and provides training in department procedures and best practices with EP team members as well as with internal business partners, as appropriate.
The ideal candidate for the Workflow Coordinator (WC) position has demonstrated success in setting the priorities of multiple jobs entered in to a department's workflow. There may be rush jobs and if there is any question as to which jobs should be worked on first, the WC would know when to confer with a supervisor or the business partner.
In addition, the ideal WC would understand the differences in computer platform software deliverables (PC versus Macintosh) and be able to check for completeness of both incoming and outgoing work. WC must be able to evaluate the complexity of incoming work and judge whether the requested timeframe is appropriate.
This position has a direct impact on the quality, content and timeliness of collateral materials available to stakeholders, current clients and prospective clients. The position affects the organization's reputation and brand in print and electronic products and timeliness. The position helps avoid legal risk which could result from being out of compliance according to legally required deadlines and this position helps the organization by acting as an intermediary between all support groups and clients by managing deadlines and expectations. The WC leads or participates in projects and coordinates associated communication and responsibilities, develops procedures and training for team members as needed.
Other involvement includes manages risk affecting quality of print and electronic collateral impacting stakeholders and clients, collaborating with Marketing Manager, Communication Consultant and Account Management teams by providing critical project management input. This position directly affects the organization by reducing costs through the elimination of inefficient and ineffective process tasks and workflows. Accomplishes complex, unstructured workflow assignments leading a team in an autonomous environment and inspires and motivates team members to embrace change.
•	Experience with software used in electronic delivery of communication messages, i.e. PowerPoint, html software, video software or WCM software.


text:
Q: AC with Oracle 12c I'm thinking of configuring Application Continuity for my 2 node RAC (12c) database where my application is running on Weblogic server. Before I proceed with the setup of AC, I need to clarify/confirm few things regarding AC:

*

*AC does not require any changes on my application code. This is one of the reasons i'm going with AC because i'm using thin drivers where I cannot use TAF and I do not want FCF as that requires application code changes making it RAC aware. I believe all that is required is to only create a service for AC on my RAC server.
1.(a) Does enabling FCF add advantage in addition to AC?

The link in 29th pages says FCF is mandatory -- I need to reconfirm on that.

*Is it mandatory to use FCF with AC? If yes why? If no, I should be fine I guess.

*Are there any specific changes I should make in Weblogic server if I'm using AC? My Weblogic server could be a cluster/standalone and i'm using normal data source only.

A: *

*Yes.

*No.
For the above 2 points, see the below demos (first one is for RAC, second one for Data Guard):
https://laurent-leturgez.com/2015/06/01/oracle-12c-application-continuity-and-its-resources-usage/
https://bdrouvot.wordpress.com/2015/05/07/12c-application-continuity-with-data-guard-in-action/

*Yes. For details, see the below:

Application Continuity
WebLogic Server 12.1.1 and 10.3.6 Support for Oracle 12c Database (Doc ID 1564509.1)
Most importantly, you need to modify your data source to use the oracle.jdbc.replay.OracleDataSourceImpl Driver Class.


text:
package registry // import "helm.sh/helm/v3/internal/experimental/registry"

const (
	// HelmChartConfigMediaType is the reserved media type for the Helm chart manifest config
	HelmChartConfigMediaType = "application/vnd.cncf.helm.config.v1+json"

	// HelmChartContentLayerMediaType is the reserved media type for Helm chart package content
	HelmChartContentLayerMediaType = "application/tar+gzip"
)

// KnownMediaTypes returns a list of layer mediaTypes that the Helm client knows about
func KnownMediaTypes() []string {
	return []string{
		HelmChartConfigMediaType,
		HelmChartContentLayerMediaType,
	}
}


All Delhi Minor Baseball Coaches are asked to complete a Vulnerability Check through the Ontario Provincial Police. Only a signed copy of our DMBA Vulnerability Check Letter will be accepted. The letter must be signed by Jason Barnucz, President DMBA before being submitted to the OPP.
All Coaches wishing to coach rep baseball in the Delhi Minor Baseball Association must complete the required National Coaching Certification Program (NCCP) training.
Coaches require different levels of certification depending on the level of competition and age group coached.