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Taking action now, for the long term: Oxford Martin Commission for Future Generations reports on progress one year on
© National University of Singapore
Today marks the anniversary of the publication of Now for the Long Term, the report of the Oxford Martin Commission for Future Generations. The report addresses short-term thinking in politics and business, and proposes a series of recommendations aimed at breaking the gridlock on key global challenges. It provides policymakers, business leaders and the general public with an overview of the most critical global issues of today and tomorrow, as well as an 'agenda for the long term'.
Launched this time last year, the report has been accessed online well over one million times, has been showcased at 34 events across the globe and has been presented to and endorsed by a range of world leaders.
Professor Ian Goldin, Director of the Oxford Martin School and Vice-Chair of the Oxford Martin Commission, comments: The Commission report has been tremendously well received since its launch a year ago. It has been discussed at dozens of events in five continents, and the Commission's dedicated Chair Pascal Lamy has discussed the report with a wide range of global political and business leaders. The focus of the Oxford Martin School is now on moving forward the report's recommendations, working with Commissioners, Oxford Martin School academics and external partners.
The four recommendations are:
Worldstat: establish a global advocacy organization to improve the reliability and availability of statistics
Trustworthy statistics are a vital underpinning for public policy, both as benchmarks and measures of progress. However, data collection and analysis is still inconsistent and varies hugely.
Eminent statisticians as well as senior representatives of international organisations, foundations, and the media gathered at the Oxford Martin School in May 2014 to discuss how to progress Worldstat. Participants agreed the need for a global advocacy organisation/watchdog for trustworthy, accessible, and useful statistics. A working group of experts is now collaborating to produce a proposal to be directed at foundations and international organisations.
C20-C30-C40: create a 'Coalition of the Working' comprising countries, companies and cities to counteract climate change
Tackling climate change requires bridging the gap between knowledge and action. Too often international negotiations fail and so an effort needs to be made to work with organisations that can take action and make an impact outside and beyond inter-governmental negotiations.
The Oxford Martin School convened leading figures from a range of countries and organisations in July 2014 to discuss the creation of a C20-C30-C40 coalition. The C40 Cities Climate Leadership and World Business Council for Sustainable Development strongly support the concept, and are discussing a scoping exercise to prioritise its potential activities. The Oxford Martin School is now approaching national representatives to discuss potential country members of a coalition.
Index on the Long Term: create an index to track the effectiveness of countries, companies and international institutions on longer term issues
Just as important as reliable data, is the need for countries to be governed with the long term in mind.
After a meeting with the Secretary-General of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Oxford Martin School and the OECD are exploring the possibility of an index assessing countries' commitment to governing with the long term in mind. The Oxford Martin School and the OECD are now working together to determine such an index's appropriate scope and methodology.
Fit Cities: establish a city-based network to fight the rise of non-communicable diseases.
The rise of non-communicable diseases is putting an unsustainable burden on health and social services in many economies. Short term priorities often obscure the need for solutions that will reduce deaths and costs in the long term.
A 'Fit Cities' network could bring together food, drink and alcohol providers, with public health and city authorities, to reduce the burden on health systems.
Led by Commissioner Professor Peter Piot, discussions have been held with the Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, about the possibility of London hosting a meeting of mayors to advance the Fit Cities recommendation. Representatives of the Oxford Martin School and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine are now meeting senior health officials from the Mayor of London's office to continue these discussions.
Read more about the Commission's activities this past year.


Is Canon 800D/T7i is really going to be the hit camera from Canon after 80D? A lot of you may say of course yes! But why do we take 80D since we are comparing it with Canon 750D/760D (seems funny!)? Actually, Canon 800D of course a new camera with lot upgrades than its predecessor, Canon 750 sisters, it borrowed some of the major specifications from Canon 80D (AF system, Image sensor etc), but on the other side, Canon 750 brothers remain feature some specifications that new Canon 800D doesn't emulate it. Let's go in detailed comparison between Canon 800D and Canon 750D/760D and find out the price difference. In simple words, Canon 800D is silently chasing down its own elder sister, Canon 750D/760D by owning master class specifications into its core. However, both the cameras utilize the same sensor and copying a few of each other's specifications.
When you see both the two cameras incorporate the same kind of image sensors and same number of effective pixels then what image quality would you expect from the cameras? Thankfully, both the two cameras will capable to seize stunning image quality with gorgeous details since Canon 800D as well as Canon 750D carries APS-C (22.3 x 14.9 mm) image sensor and 24 million effective pixels.
Sometimes getting quick and accurate focus of the rapid moving subjects is challenging task and if you are getting this job in the lowlight then imagine the kind of AF system you need in your camera! You need a camera that can focus very fast as well as with accuracy. Here Canon 800D has no possible competitor because the camera incorporates very sharp and intelligent Dual Pixel CMOS AF with dedicated Phase-detection AF module 45 AF points and with a DIGIC 7 Image Processor and the company claims it to deliver the world's fastest AF focusing speed of 0.03 seconds only, in live view mode. Moreover, its 45-point All Cross-type AF system promises even more precise focusing. On the other hand, Canon 750D/760D has only 19 cross type AF points based phase AF module and even the sensor was hybrid Sensor, which is inferior when compared it to Dual Pixel CMOS AF tech.
As we go further other big thing you can measure on 800D is its ISO range that touches the maximum value of 51200, whereas it competitor, Canon 750D/760D offers the expandable ISO range of 25600 only. Now which camera will give you more low-light flexibility? Of course the camera with more extended ISO range and that is in Canon 800D.
Canon 800D has adjustable high-speed continuous burst shooting up to 6fps enables easy tracking and capturing of fast moving subjects almost at any location of shooting. On the other side, Canon 760D offers the shooting speed of 4.8 fps only. Furthermore, Canon 800D also allows you enjoy faster JPEG shooting (burst mode) and RAW shooting than Canon 750D.
Firstly, Canon 800D has very fast Dual Pixel AF system and secondly it allows you recording full HD video at 60fps (Canon 750D/760D at 30fps). The DPAF in 800D helps maintain focus even when the action gets going. As a result, high-definition, high-quality movies can be achieved quickly and easily.
Canon 800D looks unbeaten infront of 750D/760D because in the end it also beats 750 sisters in battery capacity. Yes! Canon 800D lets you take around 600 shots at a time, whereas Canon 750D/760D is restricted to 440 shots only. In simple words, 800D gives you long lasting battery.
Canon 800D is the phenomenal camera that boasts solid AF system, image sensor plus the video part is also outstanding. we must recommend you to go for 800D.
132 x 111 x 78?


It's that time of year again to think about our Christmas social. We can again enjoy the room, with a capacity for about 18, behind the bar of The Bulls Head, Inkberrow. That's the one on the road, not The Old Bull down the hill off the road. The car park is up the alley at the side of the pub and to the right.
The date is 17 December, 7 for 7:30. The Bulls Head Christmas menu is hard to read (very festive but low contrast – a technical term) so I've retyped it in full, attached as a PDF. The cost has been increased by £1.00 but over the years I think we've done pretty well for cost increases. I am assured that there will be vegetables with main courses – you can't get the proofreaders.
I'll be making my little booking slips available from now on, taking your orders and cash, £16 for two courses or £20 for three – the usual arangements. First rough numbers are to be given to The Bulls Head on 4 December, last orders will be on 10 December and placed with The Bulls Head on the 11th.
The Club's Christmas social evening is on track for Monday 17th December, 7 for 7:30. If there are any members who would still like to come but have not yet ordered and paid please see me on Monday 3rd. It's getting close to the closing date.


The Prima Outdoor Rail has been designed to be used out doors mainly to help in doorways.
The bar has good grip with discreet ribs.
Designed to be used outdoors, mainly to help users in and out of doorways.


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The Palace removes Prince George from the public: Terrible hateful comments circulate across the UK about the boy
Little Prince George won the hearts of the English, but also of the whole world when he appeared on Sunday in the last match of the European Championship. The prince was really happy with the first goal, hugged his parents and jumped, and the end of the game and the defeat of England broke his heart.
Related: Joy, then sorrow: Sweet Prince George cheers for England at Wembley with parents Catherine and William
Although he gained millions of fans because of his sincere emotions, the boy is currently facing fierce criticism on social media and ridicule because he was wearing a suit at the match.
Little George begged Daddy William to take him to the game and dress the same.
Robert Jobson, an expert on the Royal Family, believes that the palace will temporarily remove the little prince from the public because of the trolls who make fun of him, in order to protect him.
Read: Tom Cruise refuses to see his daughter
There are many hateful comments on social media about the seven-year-old child.
"I hope you wet this tie with tears."
"This kid should be abused, that's the only way he will progress.", and similar comments have surfaced online.
The comments shocked the British public.
The Royal Family will do everything to protect him.
TRENDING: Her last wishes didn't come true: Who and why changed Princess Diana's will after her death?
Download the new game Guess The Celebrity Quiz and check how well you know your idols
Always be up to date with the news and follow the trends!
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Georgina Rodriguez with a headscarf at a ceremony in Saudi Arabia
Angelina Jolie elegant next to her daughter Zahara at an event in New York

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The baseball cap decorated with a tricolor stripes on the visor is meant for young Rossa fans.
Having taken inspiration from the racing world, the 100% high-quality cotton baseball cap is perfect for protecting young Scuderia Ferrari fans from the sun. It features tricolor stripes embroidered on the visor and the Ferrari Shield in five colors on the front. The Scuderia Ferrari cap can be easily adjusted and is enhanced on the back with an embroidered Italian flag and the Shield on the buckle, which is made of nickel-free metal with a matte finish.


As well as getting to see music acts, upcoming and all known and dance, for finalists, its also one of the last times that we get party with our friends and celebrate coming to the end of university together. I had the best time at Summer Ball this year and it was so good to see all of my friends and people I have met over this past year all in one place and enjoying the night together.
The weeks upcoming to the ball were stressful bc I could not find a dress ANYWHERE, the dress I ended up wearing I bought a week before and it arrived two days before, talk about cutting it close! But Chi Chi London saved me and I am in love with the dress I chose.
I went for an elegant look rather than something show stopping and I think the asymmetrical length of the dress helped make the dress a comfortable length that I wouldn't trip over but stills seem like a long formal dress. I curled my hair and plaited half up secured with little purple and pearl flowers to match my dress. I must admit it took me a while to get ready but I was happy with the results. Most of all my friends and I looked great for the night and I loved every second of it.


Fred Berthelot is an outstanding magician from New York City. This DVD is Fred's first exposure to many magicians but you'll be delighted with his methods. They are diabolical, practical and easy to do.
Changeabill is a killer. It's skill based, so no gaffs are necessary. Once you learn the method you're always ready. All you need are two bills!
Changeabill is a complete routine by itself but Fred's creation lends itself as an add-on to many magic applications. It's the perfect switch for your favorite Bill To Lemon routine. If you perform any of the multiple bill changes such as 3-D Cash or the Hundy 500, Changeabill is the perfect "out" for when an audience member wants you to change their one dollar bill into a one hundred dollar bill.
But wait...there's more. Fred goes into incredible detail during the step by step instructions. You'll soon see why Changeabill is so practical. You can do it standing up, or you can do it seated.
Also included is a special "One Million Dollar Bill." These usually retail for as much as $8.95 but it's yours for free! We teach you all the work on what I believe is the best advertising give-a-way you can use with your magic. We also show you the best source to have yours printed. Check out the photo at the bottom of the page. You'll see Fred with his picture on the Million Dollar Bill. You can also put your phone number, email address, web site address or any other information you'd like. Using Changeabill to magically change a one dollar bill into a Million is extremely memorable, the spectator always keeps the bill and when he needs magic at a corporate function or party he already has your contact information!
As a bonus Fred has also included his signature card effect "Houdini". Just like Changeabill, this routine is extremely visual and it's a fooler that's easy to do. No gaffs are required for this totally practical workers routine.


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Family Withheld Devastating Secrets from Chinese Diver Until She Won Gold
Don Deane
Last Sunday, Chinese diver Wu Minxia took home gold in the 3m synchronized springboard and became the first woman in history to win three consecutive Olympic golds. But her remarkable accomplishment was marred somewhat when it was revealed that her family intentionally hid devastating secrets as she pursued her career.
According to Wu's father, the family withheld the fact that her grandparents had died over a year ago and that her mother had been battling breast cancer for eight years. The lies were "essential" to ensuring she remained focused on athletic excellence, he said, and family comes second to Chinese national pride.
"We accepted a long time ago that she doesn't belong entirely to us," he said. "I don't even dare to think about things like enjoying family happiness."
And now, the Chinese government's attitude toward athletes is coming under fire. In China, children are often taken from their families and placed in special training schools at a very young age. Wu herself began training daily at a diving camp at age six.
What do you think? Were these just "white lies" as her father described them? Or was it cruel to keep the truth from her?
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Read Original: Family Withheld Devastating Secrets from Chinese Diver Until She Won Gold
Filed Under: chinese lifestyle, olympics


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Paetica eutropia is een vlinder uit de familie van de uilen (Noctuidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1791 door Stoll, [1790.

eutropia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Versatility, playfulness, elegance, and originality define this ring.
This ring automatically stretches within a range of approximately 2.5 US sizes, thanks to a special titanium spring hidden inside. perfect for those whose fingers constantly vary in size due to swelling or arthritis.
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More people than ever are turning to a raw food diet. Research is proving that live-culture foods can help reduce high cholesterol, strengthen and support digestive and immune systems, and help fight and prevent chronic diseases. There is evidence that the Celts have been brewing for 5,000 years, Germans for over 3,000 and the French for at least 2,500. Restaurant quality sushi at home. There is also a short travel guide for bars and restaurants that specialize in vintage beer gives readers a way to taste what this new craft beer frontier is all about. Includes a glossary, a master pairings list for more than 100 foods and wines, wine menus for special dinners, and wine and food resources? Discover the ingredients and brewing methods that make each variety unique and learn to identify the scents, colors, flavors, and mouthfeel of all the major beer styles.
A growing number of people, whether right out of college or already well established in the workforce, are looking to market themselves and their environmental convictions. With up-to-date techniques, simple definitions for unfamiliar terminology, and helpful diagrams demonstrating proper equipment layouts and methods, Miller includes everything you need to know to brew great-tasting beer at home. Like wine, the taste and subtle characteristics of beer can be affected by a number of different components including the brewing style, the yeasts and hops that determine taste and character, how the various grains are used in brewing, and more. Topping and serving recipes and ideas. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Beer Tasting is not a guide to brewing, it's a guide to tasting, understanding, and enjoying what has become a complex and often confusing process of enjoying one of the world's oldest beverages. This is a step-by-step guide to realizing what for many people is a cherished dream: opening a successful coffee bar.
Readers will learn the brewing process and how it can affect a beer, how to recognize tasting notes and aromas, how to identify unique styles, how to taste and enjoy them properly; even how to select the right glassware and serving temperature for maximum enjoyment. The authors will take readers through the process, step by step, showing them how to buy the right dehydrator for their kitchen, how to use it properly so their yield and savings are maximized, and even how they can dry foods using less conventional methods, such as a solar dryer or even their conventional oven. Like wine, the taste and subtle characteristics of beer can be affected by a number of different components including the brewing style, the yeasts and hops that determine taste and character, how the various grains are used in brewing, and more. Kohn holds degrees from Buffalo State College and Illinois State University, which awarded her Outstanding Alumni Award in 2003. In this book, a master chef and baker unlocks the key to the dazzling world of flavor by showing cooks of every level how to use and combine over 150 of the most popular spices and herbs.
Kohn holds degrees from Buffalo State College, New York, and Illinois State University, which awarded her Outstanding Alumni Award in 2003. Because the quantity of these sugars are low in beer wort unfermented beer , the impact on alcohol and carbonation is minimal. I give Kohn's The Complete Idiot's Guide to Beer Tasting two stars for the quality of writing but caution the reader about the inconsistencies that pepper the text. I had fun with the book but more from spotting problems than from the quality of information provided. Kohn states that British brewers loaded Russian Imperial Stouts with hops to endure the journey to Russia - actually it was the alcohol that preserved the beer during the journey, not the hops. Readers will learn the brewing process and how it can affect a beer, how to recognize tasting notes and aromas, how to identify unique styles, how to taste and enjoy them properly; even how to select the right glassware and serving temperature for maximum enjoyment. Easy to read and well written but inconsistent.
The art of fermenting foods is an ages-old craft that is enjoying a resurgence as people are discovering not only the benefits of live-culture foods, but the true pleasure of creating their own fermentations at home. A raw food diet is a purely healthy diet. ? The simple recipes come with suggestions for substitutions for even more variety - for happier, healthier readers! Understanding and enjoying beer is no longer a simple process, as beer has gone from a world of relatively small offerings from major brewers to a universe of literally hundreds of unique styles from craft brewers around the world. It will contain over 100 unique and delicious recipes for ferments of all types, from beer to tempeh to yogurt, with detailed recipes to guide the way. Abstract: The complete idiot's guide to beer tasting will provide readers with a comprehensive introduction to understanding and enjoying the vast styles and complex characteristics of beer.
Detailed discussion about food substitutions The Complete Idiot's Guide to Beer Tasting will provide readers with a comprehensive introduction to understanding and enjoying th. Food contamination scandals, the rising cost of food, organic eating, and better nutrition - all these factors contribute to the u. Hopefully the Holding a Craft Beer Event section will be used by lots of people. A unique combination of cookbook and advice book, The Complete Idiot's Guide® to Dairy-Free Eating provides readers with flavorful and healthy new alternatives that let them enjoy nutritious and delicious dairy-free meals that are sure to become new favorites. Good candidates for cellaring are either strong, sour, or smoked beers, such as barleywines, rauchbiers, and lambics.
In this guide, readers will find t. With over 200 mouth-watering recipes and tips for converting meat- and dairybased dishes into vegan ones, The Complete Idiot's Guide® to Vegan Cooking will help readers enjoy a healthy vegan diet without sacrificing taste. Understanding and enjoying beer is no longer a simple process, as beer has gone from a world of relatively small offerings from major brewers to a universe of literally hundreds of unique styles from craft brewers around the world. Sushi is one of America's favorite specialty foods, yet it can be intimidating to prepare at home. The Complete Idiot's Guide® to Vegan Slow Cooking provides more than 200 slow-cook vegan, plant-based recipes for every meal of th. Their beers have received several international medals and awards, but their core philosophy is about brewing the kinds of beer they like to drink, and providing fresh, local options to their communities. The Complete Idiot's Guide® to Raw Food Detox details the best foods for detoxifying and cl.
An excellent companion to The Complete Idiot's Guide® to Gluten-Free Eating? Youfigure the Internet is more than a place for people who gamble with their credit cards, online chatterers, and celebrity adoration pages, but yoursquo;ve never really explored it. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Beer Tasting will provide readers with a comprehensive introduction to understanding and enjoying the vast styles and complex characteristics of beer. Understanding and enjoying beer is no longer a simple process, as beer has gone from a world of relatively small offerings from major brewers to a universe of literally hundreds of unique styles from craft brewers around the world. A beer-tasting party is fun and educational for everyone from novices to serious craft beer or microbrew drinkers. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Beer Tasting is not a guide to brewing, it's a guide to tasting, understanding, and enjoying what has become a complex and often confusing process of enjoying one of the world's oldest beverages.
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Beer Tasting will provide readers with a comprehensive introduction to understanding and enjoying the vast styles and complex characteristics of beer. None of the current Belgian monastic breweries makes a fruit beer. Contains easy-to-make recipes for low-carb, non-dairy, low-fat and dessert smoothies. In this guide, readers will discover types of fiber and what foods are highest in them, recipes for delicious high-fiber breakfasts, lunches, dinners, snacks, and desserts, tips on how to put fiber into foods that aren't high in fiber, and more. This creative collection from an award-winning author includes tasty juicing recipes th. Beginning with what detoxifying and cleansing are and what they do, this book details what to eat, how to prepare it, and in what combinations and amounts.
Research has proven that increasing the amount of fiber can help people lose weight? Choosing a beer is no longer a simple process, as the beverage has gone from a world of relatively small offerings from major brewers to a universe of hundreds of unique styles from around the world. The book also includes dozens of easy-to-follow and delicious recipes. Patrick Dawson gives a list of easy-to-follow rules that lay the groundwork for identifying these cellar-worthy beers and then delves into the mysteries behind how and why they age as they do. Linguistic evidence suggests that the Greeks did indeed learn of beer from the Egyptians, but both Greeks and Romans favored wine over beer. There are so many great reasons to sh. A brief but fascinating history of beer -- part 2. ? Her byline also currently appears in Indiana Living Green.


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Plenty of entertainment at the Marion Palace Theatre in September
I was never a huge fan of country music. Sure, I liked the crossover hits by Garth Brooks and Shania Twain and "Achy Breaky Heart," but overall I was never a diehard fan. I was more into Elton John and Billy Joel growing up. Then in 1983, "God Bless the USA" became a crossover hit and I added Lee Greenwood to my list of favorite country singers.
In the mid-'90s, I was visiting my college friend, who was living in Chicago at the time. I remember going to an Irish Pub on St. Patrick's Day and, while waiting for a drink, I started to chat with a fellow customer. He mentioned that his name was something Greenwood and I jokingly said, "Any relation to Lee Greenwood?" and he said, "Yeah he's my dad." I told him I closed my cabaret show with "God Bless the USA," and he said, "Well, thank you for the five cents in royalties that my dad got from that."
That being said, the Palace Theatre is proud to present Lee Greenwood on the main stage on Sept. 30. Country shows are usually sell-outs at the Palace, so make sure you get your tickets early for that show. ABC Supply Company and Jim and Barb Greetham sponsor Lee Greenwood's show.
September also brings music and more to the May Pavilion. Dr. Al and Ingrid May are sponsoring a classical concert featuring an ensemble from the Central Ohio Symphony out of Delaware. "Mainly Mozart Moments" will be presented at 2:30 p.m. on Sept. 11.
For lovers of James Taylor, Jimmy Buffet, and sing-along classic rock, Parsons and Polk, a Cleveland-area guitar/vocal duo, will be performing in the May Pavilion at 7:30 p.m. on Sept. 24, sponsored by Mike and Kelly Andrews. I went to college and performed at Cedar Point with Dan Polk, so he may even pull me up on stage for a duet or two, for old-time's sake.
So, whether you like country, classical or classic rock, you will find a home at the Palace Theatre in September. Our box office is open 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. every weekday except Wednesday. Visit our website at marionpalace.org.
Kirk Detweiler is the executive director of the Marion Palace Theatre. For more information about theatre events and activities, go to marionpalace.org.
Tags: EntertainmentMarionPalaceplentySeptemberTheatre
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Back in March of last year, Google opened its Universal Analytics (UA) beta to the public with the intention of helping businesses better understand how their customers interact with them across multiple devices. Now, a year later, UA is being seen as a "game changer" for higher ed, according to University Business.
What is UA, you ask?
Why do you need UA?
Americans – including your prospective students – have dramatically changed the way we consume digital content. According to Socialmedia Today, 90 percent of Americans use multiple devices sequentially throughout the day. This includes smartphones, desktop computers, TVs, eReaders, tablets and more. So if you're not tracking across multiple platforms, you may be optimizing performance against significantly limited data.
What do you need to know to get started with UA?
Once you have transitioned to UA, you'll be able to easily track conversions across multiple devices, with even phone calls tracked back to an initial site visit. The potential for this data to change the way we look at our holistic marketing and brand presence is enormous.
In an industry that is still neglecting its mobile audience (70 percent of schools in NJ and PA are lacking a mobile presence according to University Business, Google's Universal Analytics provide the needed catalyst to transition to a multiple-platform way of thinking.


Many donors are traveling or busy.
Amazing health care and volunteer blood donors helped make my recovery feasible. By giving a small amount of their time just, bloodstream donors helped provide me the chance at a lifetime. Brian's story emphasizes just how important each and every blood donation could be. In fact, the Crimson Cross provides lifesaving bloodstream to nearly 3, 000 hospitals and transfusion centers over the national country. There is no replacement for bloodstream and volunteer donors are the only source. Folks who are 17 years , meet pounds and height requirements and so are in generally great health may be eligible to give bloodstream. Please bring your Red Cross blood donor cards or other type of positive ID when you come to donate.In addition to Ajani, researchers adding to the study consist of Kathryn A. Winter, M.S., Radiation Therapy Oncology Group; Leonard L. Gunderson, M.D., Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona; John Pedersen, M.D., Cross Center Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ; Al B. Benson III, M.D., Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Charles R. Thomas Jr., M.D., University of Oregon, Portland; Robert J. Mayer, M.D., Dana-Farber Tumor Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Michael G.


Travertine is form of limestone. It's created when minerals have mixed and dissolved with ground water and rises above ground with movements of natural spring and rivers. The MOST popular flooring product today which beat its competitor natural stone like slate, granite, marble and onyx tiles hands-down. Depending on the presence of iron Travertine comes in variety of colors from ivory, cream, beige to reddish brown and even gold.
Wallandtile.com delivers the most extravagant array of travertine tiles and complimenting mosaics to homeowners and home designers across United States. We promise to cater the lowest prices on Travertine tiles. We promise to beat any reputable tile shop in price including home delivery. We are a tile shop with 18+ locations across the United States for your convenience. With our shipping times and logistic network you can get your floors conveniently and in no time. Wallandtile.com offers a mammoth selection. from over 35 countries, of handpicked and most in-demand tiles..


In case you are wondering, and no surprise if you are, "scéalta eile" means "other stories" in Irish or Gaelic. Irish is a language of wonderful sounds and challenging complexity that I am still fond of, although my fluency has been impaired by five decades living in Canada. In Dublin a certain fluency seems to return when stimulated by bilingual signs, television broadcasts on RTE, or a helping hand from Arthur Guinness. It is worth noting that Irish has one characteristic that makes it absolutely unique among European languages: if you speak it in the company of Ulster Unionists, they immediately begin foaming at the mouth. If you don't believe me, try it for yourself on your next visit to Belfast.
On this page you will find occasional essays, commentaries, and miscellaneous scribblings on topics of interest to me. My aim is to inform, provoke, and occasionally entertain. Some might call it a blog, but I think it an ugly word that is best avoided. Scéalta eile will do just fine.


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Order ROCK Book
NIEDECKENS BAP - Zwesche Corona un Kölsche Dom
BAP Wolfgang Niedecken
The Cologne dialect rock institution BAP also had to take a corona-related time-out. But now the new album "ALLES FLIESST" will finally be released on September 18th. A work as earthy as it is atmospherically dense, which evokes memories of the band's great early works. BAP thinker and director Wolfgang Niedecken himself draws comparisons to "Zwesche Salzjebäck un Bier". On the cover, his gaze wanders from Cologne Cathedral across the Rhine and the river of the world. What is it about the new BAP-Weitblick?
In Café Butter in the Berlin district of Prenzlauer Berg, Wolfgang Niedecken once had his live star hour with Bruce Springsteen when it was still called Café Eckstein: it was here that they jointly shot the video for the re-released song "Hungry Heart" in 1995. Now the cozy café serves as a meeting place for a relaxed eclipsed interview. During the conversation, Niedecken appears to be as approachable and relaxed as usual, but the state of the world worries him as always, which were once again translated into impressive song paintings on "Alles fließt"
eclipsed: So the "Boss" lets you make press appointments in Berlin instead of Cologne, Wolfgang?
Wolfgang Niedecken: (laughs) No, but my big daughter lives around the corner and comes here for breakfast more often. My wife Tina and I are currently helping Isis move here in Berlin. I never recognized this place as the old Café Eckstein. Back when we were shooting the video, the audience was standing outside
eclipsed: We talked about the Corona crisis in April: How do you see the current situation?
Niedecken: Right now I'm afraid of a second wave, because people don't seem to take it seriously anymore... I'm holding my breath. Planning security is another matter. We can forget about the album presentation that was actually planned, but we still keep the date for my 70th birthday next year on 30 March in the Kölnarena open as an option. Only: We won't be performing live under car cinema and Plexiglas conditions
eclipsed: Let's get to the new album. How was the creation process of "Alles fließt"?
Niedecken: The work on the album already started at the end of the "Lebenslänglich" tour. Ulle [Ulrich Rode, BAP guitarist since 2014, note] gave me a tape with eleven new songs, but I was still busy with my "family album" "Reinrassije Strooßeköter". After the Stroosso-Köter-tour with Tina I went to an Ayurveda-cure in Sri Lanka, and there I remembered the first lyrics to "Ruhe vor'm Sturm", which is based on the line "En der Ruhe vür'm Sturm, wat ess dat?" from "Kristallnaach". From then on, everything went very smoothly. Everything, from Trump's presidency in the US to the fears and anger about what the populists were doing, came out of me. After Trump's election, I was afraid and anxious about the problems that would come our way. Three and a half years of Trump is gone and now we have huge problems... I wanted to write, and the inspiration was there. Besides Ulle, our multi-instrumentalist Anne de Wolff and keyboardist Michael Nass also contributed music
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2. CHARACTERIZATION AND SEQUENCE OF FORMING OF TYPES OF VOLUMETRIC-SPATIAL STRUCTURES IN ARCHITECTURE
3. SPATIAL ARCHETYPES AND THEIR SUGGESTED ORIGINS
4. INTERACTION OF SPATIAL ARCHETYPES, VSS AND ARCHITECTURAL FORMS
5. TWO-DIMENSIONAL AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL WORLDVIEW
6. AUTOPOIESIS AS BASIS FOR THE GENESIS OF SPATIAL AWARENESS
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI 2022)
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Forming of Types of Volumetric-Spatial Structures in Architecture
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Eskander Baitenov1, *
Faculty of Architecture, Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Corresponding author. Email: bajte@mail.ru
Eskander Baitenov
Received 23 January 2022
Revised 28 January 2022
Accepted 25 November 2022
Available Online 10 January 2023
https://doi.org/10.55060/s.atssh.221230.016
Spatial archetype
Volumetric-spatial structure
Horizontal plane
Autopoiesis
This article is dedicated to the process of the development by people of architectural forms, which is considered to be the result of learning the category of space. The latter is suggested to be the basis for generating space-related views which later on leads to the emergence of the artistic aspect of the process and finally to architecture as a phenomenon. The author, having applied a systematic approach to the problem, shares his hypothesis of the consecutive genesis of architectural forms as an independent category. The so-called volumetric-spatial structures (VSS) are considered to be the lapidary basis for the emergence of architectural forms. It has been determined that despite the countless number of architectural forms, the number of VSS types is only six.
© 2022 The Authors. Published by Athena International Publishing B.V.
This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Great variety of architectural forms takes place due to the adding of the so-called "architectural excesses" to a purified fundamental form which in our opinion is the basis for the development of certain forms and which we specify as volumetric-spatial structure (VSS). They are several in quantity and actually represent the series of spatial structures which derive chronologically from each other and each of VSS has its own characteristic features to be compared with the previous and subsequent ones. Thus, the VSS are somehow the "quantums" which reproduce certain phases of adopting geometrically arranged space.
Characterizing the VSS we would like to point out that they have clear geometrical outlines, but they are quite generalized (abstract) at the same time as they are contemplative structures. That is why it is not possible to specify exact sizes of VSS, their scale and details of their proportions. The number of VSS is much less compared to the variety of forms. We identify the basic structure and we name it as the "platform" which VSS are based on and which is the basis for development of VSS of the so-called 2nd level – derivative ones – and 3rd level – composite ones.
The "platform" structure represents a parallelepiped (prism, cylinder), which vertical proportions are much less than horizontal ones. Such volumetric-spatial unit can have the gradation from the centric type and up to the one that is "prolonged" as per its plan, that is the basic structure. In case a volumetric-spatial unit is excessively stretched along one of its horizontal axes, then it "is moved" from the gradation "platform" and obtains the characters of a hugely elongated volume. In case a volumetric-spatial unit is developed towards the depth (in the direction off the observer, i.e. along the sagittal axis), the so-called "alley" occurs, and if it is "stretched" in the transverse direction, frontal volume appears. Moreover, the structure "platform" can be also developed along the vertical axis until it transforms into the structure "pyramid" ("cone", "hemisphere") and then into "tower". Thus, as it was mentioned above, we identify only conventional proportions of the VSS until one structure exceeds the borders of other (i.e. until one VSS loses the geometric features of a certain "quantum" - "platform", "pyramid" etc.), e.g. the "alley" and "tower" transformations. Three basic VSS – "pyramid", "alley" and "tower" – we determine them as the derivatives of the fundamental VSS "platform".
We suggest that the geometric configuration is important for the VSS. Thereby, the structure "platform" can have such geometric features as the square (rectangular), circle or polygon in their plan. The same is with the VSS "pyramid" which has certain special cases with the circle in plan, which produces the structure "cone". Moreover, rounded outline of the vertical sections leads to the occurrence of the "hemisphere". But nevertheless, all these three types are related to the same volumetric-spatial type (conventionally called the "pyramid"), which space arrangement principle is based on the narrowing of the space that is set up along its vertical axis. All the above are the schemes and they are the VSS and that is why they have clear geometric outlines.
As per our concept, forms that are based on the VSS also have their own beginnings. They are much more "vague" (but not formless) structures which derive from spatial archetypes which underlay within human sub-consciousness and which represent the sense of the spatial categories developed by men during their evolution process. These spatial categories have the so-called axes which direct their evolution, similar to those of crystals' growth [1]. So, in our opinion, the spatial archetypes are a kind of the bundles of intuitive sense of the space, that are arranged along the "lines of force", i.e. certain axes in the three-dimensional space. It is evident that one can imagine them as some reflections of sub-conscious subtle senses which "force" the appearance and generation of some spatial configurations starting from the archetypes and up to the VSS and the certain forms.
But spatial archetypes are not really amorphous constructions, they have quite clear axes as per which the space is arranged, but this space doesn't have any clear geometrical frames. The latter, as we have mentioned above, characterize certain architectural forms. In line with this, a compact ("centric") space-related bundle with the dominating horizontal dimensions over the vertical ones, embodies the archetype "platform". Moreover, as per its basis, as it was pointed out above, the according VSS is developed, it is the structure "platform", and its type will be specified according to its plan by the characteristics of the square, circle (or polygon). Here we should limit to considering the basic planning configurations (circle, square, polygon) used for attributing this VSS because its further detailing (e.g. star-shaped or festoon plans) will have the features of turning to the form considered.
The following three sub-types of VSS ("pyramid", "cone", "hemisphere") are identified by the generalized term "pyramid" as they all belong to the same common archetype, i.e. when the space arrangement is based on the narrowing of the space that is set up along its vertical axis. This archetype can be conventionally specified as "pyramid" or "cone", or "hemisphere", but we have defined it as "pyramid". If this space-related bundle is excessively stretched along its vertical axis, then it will transform into another archetype – "tower" – and each sub-type of VSS that is based on it can be cylindrical, square (or polygon) as related to their plans. So, in this case, the space-related archetypes (unlike VSS) don't have any certain (even generalized) geometric configurations.
The origins of space-related archetypes look quite subtle so far, but in our opinion they represent the "marks" of deep (mental) structures of human sub-consciousness in the kind of the "figure set up on the plane", or vertical and horizontal axes which we have determined as "space-related universals", of course with the certain degree of conditionality.
It is evident that we can define them as the basic archetypes or the ones of the first (and might be of the zero) level because separately they don't have any signs of the space ("figure", vertical and horizontal directions). These exact features differentiate them from the considered archetypes, i.e. space-related archetypes or the so-called archetypes of the second level. But as the "figure on the plane" or the "line" (vertical and horizontal directions or the axes of the same directions) take place in the three-dimensional space and together develop the structure of the space, then a spatial three-dimensional "framework" is created as the result of this "cooperation" of the "two-dimensional" (the plane) and "one-dimensional" (the lines, axes, directions) components. So, we can surely determine these universals as spatial ones (point V and further on within the text is dedicated to the universals). Thus, all of them together constitute some kind of spatial "matrix" in the rules of which the process of form-development takes place (Fig. 1).
Thus, we suggest the following concept: the archetypes "figure set up on the plane", "vertical" and "horizontal", i.e. the basic archetypes of the first or zero level (mental structures or spatial universals) assume the role of the basis for further development of the series of spatial archetypes. They are first of all the "platform", then "pyramid" ("cone", "hemisphere"), "alley" and "tower", which according to VSS are based on, and achieve further on, certain architectural forms. We should point out that the earlier architecture is (as per its stage of development), the higher degree the analogy of the form of the building and the VSS and the latter in its turn represents the archetype (e.g. "purified" forms of the Egyptian pyramids and of the kurgans).
The forming of both the spatial archetypes and VSS accordingly, which are the basis for the development of architectural forms, occurs as per the sequence considered above, i.e.:
We should consider further on the suggested origin of the "verticals", "horizontals" and "figure set up on the plane", i.e. the basic archetypes or spatial universals. So far we would like to point out the following as related to the considered spatial archetypes, VSS and architectural forms, that the axes, which were the ones for the space arrangement of these configurations, also serve as the directions of the impacts, that unavoidably the spatial archetypes, VSS and architectural forms are affected by, i.e. stretching of them in the space along the vertical axis or along the horizontal one (as per the dominating direction).
Forming of the archetypes, VSS and architectural forms.
The "chronology" of all components of the specified chain of volumetric-spatial "quantums" ("prism", "pyramid", "alley" etc.) occurs due to the consistent transformation of spatial configurations. Thus, the archetype "platform" – "parallelepiped" ("prism" or "cylinder" with its base diameter that is more than the cylinder element) is created by the influence of the first level "vertical" archetype (i.e. elementary stretching as per the vertical axis) on the according figure that is set up on the plane (circle, square).
Nevertheless, it is not so important for the spatial archetype "platform" (unlike the VSS) if the circle or square are the base of it – i.e. as we have mentioned above some kind of a compact "bundle" of the space whose core demand is – horizontal dimensions have to be more than vertical ones. With regard to the generalized VSS that has appeared on this basis, the configuration has principal importance because the resulting forms appearing do depend on it. It might be a low height cylinder (shape of a medical tablet), or a parallelepiped, or even a polygon prism. All of them represent the "platform" where their horizontal proportions dominate over the vertical ones.
In case we take the architectural form that is developed on the basis of this VSS, we should point out that the geometrical configuration is of great importance for it, as it exactly determines the special features of the architectural form. It is the form, that derives from the spheres of sub-consciousness (within which the VSS exists) and develops into the real image, and takes place at the edge of the ideal and material world, proceeds to the outer world, i.e. occurs assuming certain features, aspects and details.
The archetype "pyramid" is created as the result of the trend to further "stretch" along the vertical axis (with the subsequent narrowing) of VSS "platform", which is the basis of the VSS of "cone", "pyramid", "hemisphere" types, or even a stepped structure (compare: mastaba → pyramid). So, it is evident, that despite some certain specifics of diverse types of VSS (circle, square etc. by their plans) and in case this series of "platforms" develops further in the vertical direction, it turns into some generalized image: a spatial archetype in the kind of space, narrowing along its vertical axis, whose geometrical characters are correlated with the according VSS and finally specified in the architectural forms. Thus, relatively speaking, the VSS "platforms" (prevailing at the stage of "figures on the plane") that were round in their base plans might be changed later on by the square or pyramid like forms (e.g. square in its base plan and pyramid like Salbyk kurgan in Khakassia (RF) which was erected on the basis of the fencing of the Bronze Epoch, which might not have been exactly square but might have also been round or oval).
On the whole, the logical change of the space arrangement type "platform" for the according space arrangement type "pyramid" took place many times within the history of architecture evolution (famous example is mastaba, then it is the basis for the stepped pyramid of Djoser and later on the development of classic square pyramids). In case the VSS "platform" is under domination of the trends to "stretch" it along the horizontal axis (basic archetype "horizontal"), the archetype "alley" occurs, i.e. deep-spatial composition or a frontal configuration having the according VSS.
Archetype "tower" occurs as a result of the excessive development of the archetype "platform" along the vertical axis (passing through the stage "pyramid")1.
These basic types of archetypes specified above actually represent all of them.
Further on some kind of "mixed" (combined) VSS appearing based on the considered limited number of archetypes. This process takes place in our opinion as the result of further impact of "stretching" of the volume along the vertical or horizontal axes within the frames of the formed VSS with the following specifics: when during the process of form-development not only "vertical" or "horizontal" axes "participate" in it, but also the archetypes themselves affect the VSS, trying to change them "according to their standards".
However according to the above, longitudinal center line (axial) structures are characterized by prevailing of the centric, most often domed space which is arranged over the building frame that is restrictedly "stretched" into depth (temple Aja Sofia, mausoleum of khoja Ahmed Yassavi, cathedral of Saint Peter), or on the contrary, excessive spatial depth arrangement of the building frames that has the "secondary" tower, that is installed over the crossing of the cathedral (Romanesque, gothic cathedrals). In the first case the trend to "stretch" the space into the depth (deep-spatial archetype "alley") impacted the formed centric domed structure, which resulted in "stretching" it to some extent along its longitudinal axis. In the second case, the centric spatial archetype ("cone", "pyramid") impacted also the formed "basilica like" (deep-spatial) structure, that resulted in the development of the tower (vertical axis) installed over the crossing only (mentioned above) in the Romanesque and gothic cathedrals. It might be possible that towers of the Romanesque and gothic cathedrals might have affected the development of the crossings in them.
Thus, in our opinion, these new ("combined") VSS, centric-deep and depth-centric structures, were created under influence of the according archetype, applied on the already formed VSS (centric or depth-centric one). That is why they are resistant to impacts and not vice versa and also not by the affecting of the "structures" on each other. Moreover, features that appeared to be prevailing, were the ones of the same already formed VSS but not of those of archetypes that happened to be "too late". Thus, it was the VSS that actually dominated the process of form-development and not the newly occurred trends which slightly "stretched" the basic structure as per "their" order. So, it was only some slight "concession" of the VSS to the archetype that appeared to be too late.
Thus, the undoubted "centricity" of such monuments as temple Aja Sofia (Turkey) and mausoleum of khoja Ahmed Yassavi (Kazakhstan), that is arranged in the kind of the domed space development which dominates in their architectural compositions and which have small development of the longitudinal axes of their building frames; one-volume temples of the orthodox Christianity (without added bell towers). All of them justify the primacy of the domed centric structure which was affected by the trend to expand the depth of the insight space. At the same time, the dominating vertical axis is apparent in the domed and centric yard compositions which were created during the far early period of the medieval architecture on the vast area covering the Middle East and up to the Central Asia, and which hindered the development of distinctive depth-spatial structures. We should point out that the centric yard compositions also "stretched" slightly along the longitudinal axes (mosque Bibi-Khanum in Samarkand (Uzbekistan).
On the contrary, historically formed "basilica like" structures of the Western Europe that are associated to some extent with the according antique temples of Greece and Rome ("peripteroses"), have developed into unprecedented domination of depth-spatial compositions of the gothic temples but with some features of the centricity that is expressed by the appearance of the crossings and towers over them. Nevertheless, the centric compositions also were developed simultaneously (type of rotunda) in the architecture of the Western Europe.
As we have suggested before, the spatial archetypes are constructed on the axes: vertical and horizontal ones. Thus, the horizontal axes (at least two in number) establish the horizontal plane which is "pierced" by the vertical axis, this exact area of the plane is limited by the "figure set up on the plane" that is arranged around the vertical axis. But it took quite a long period of time for people to learn the space as a phenomenon, this process derives from the period of even the "animal" state of them, i.e. to achieve such differentiation of the space and to develop the awareness of these axes (albeit sub-conscious). As "… the basis of toponymy which is the three-dimensional system of coordination of the humanized space, is not adopted by the human sub-consciousness immediately but in some certain process", the two-dimensional toponymical space view of a child is changed for the three-dimensional space view during the maturation process [2].
It is apparent that in this case, the ontogenesis repeats phylogenetic development of the spatial ideas. The myths, fairy-tails and the other cultural expressions (e.g. the shaman practice of the human souls seeing off), surely have marks of the human ancient views on the world in the kind of "plane" (two-dimensional) topological surface (and might have been even the universe). They are the source of such relict expressions, "the edge of the world", "three-ninth kingdom" (the world of dead) etc., the places that locate very far but nevertheless somewhere on the surface of the earth. The world of the times of Dante was imagined as of absolutely different kind (the Bottom, Middle and Upper worlds), the world was developed as per the vertical axis, that was the world with new spatial paradigm. The samples, we have mentioned covering the history of architecture in our article, also justify this idea. Conditionally speaking, the basic archetypes should have been formed in the sub-consciousness of the people: "vertical", "horizontal" and later on, due to the crossing of horizontal axes, "figure set up on the plane". All of them were united into one whole unit in the kind of the "figure set up on the plane" (having horizontal axes) which was "pierced" by the vertical axis. Moreover, the vertical and horizontal axes crossed at one ("initial") point (Fig. 2).
Figure set up on the plane, "pierced" by the vertical axis.
Actually, the human awareness of such syncretic space should have been developed almost simultaneously with the numerous living situations and diverse living experience. For people, such mental adopting of the space was necessary for the further sharing of the impressions they had experienced, i.e. for establishing on its basis the activity, dedicated to the development of the artificial space, which led them later on to the foundation of architecture.
As compared with the static spatial archetypes, the basic archetypes "vertical", "horizontal", "figure set up on the plane" (spatial universals) express almost "directly" sub-conscious awareness of the movement (and more general: activity), which is connected with their origin. To some extent they are the intermediary component between the improving of human mental structures towards the living management activity and the spatial categories adopting, i.e. between "the meaning" and "the form".
"Vertical", "horizontal" axes and their active interaction on some plot of the horizontal plane are marks of the process of adopting the space in human mental structures. The movement as in its general meaning is the "chase – escape"; or "the man-owner", who occupies the center of his own space" etc.2
As the inner ideal activity of people should have been arranged as per the model of the outside one, that was subjective, then "both the inner and the outside activities have common structure" [3]. The latter actually has become eventually the basis for creating the vertical and horizontal axes in the "spatial chaos", similar to that of a musician who is aware of the melody's clear structure when listens to a melody that seems monotone. Horizontal axes locating on the plane create this plane, on which the interaction of all the axes takes place on the limited area of the plane, within the surface of the "figure set up on the plane" (in its center, i.e. in the initial point). However, the mechanism of form-development with its deep origins needs further compelling interdisciplinary study.
First of all, due to human mental adopting of the space, the fenced "figures set up on the plane" were formed, i.e. fences, corrals, pens etc. that were round or square in their plans, also funeral stone fences (which enclosed and safeguarded the inner sacral places of them). Such spatial structures were the point where the "figure set up on the plane" and the vertical axis in its center "met" with each other. Exactly they were either the round or square fence, protecting the offspring of people and animals with the master of all of them who occupied the center of it. (Demiurge, the First man – vertical). It is evident that those evolutionary formed and emotionally charged spatial impressions that were encouraged by the "states of the existence", made it possible for the mankind to survive. Exactly that is why they (evolutionary formed spatial impressions) stayed in the deep structures of human sub-consciousness3 and people might have remembered them (in the kind they had been memorized) not only each time when it was necessary to increase the offspring and to supply it by the resources, but also they became the starting point for the further development of the space and generating the artificially created forms. The term autopoiesis which was introduced by Humberto Maturana and Francisco J. Varela is applicable in our opinion to the specified "spatial state" which means self-forming, self-manufacturing [5]. Actually, the most ancient stage of the human mental evolution was reproduced in the myths, e.g. Avestan Varus, and the biblical cattle pen, and even the Noah's ark.
The specified myths reflect those initial "states of spatial impressions" but with the already formed crossing axes, one vertical axis and at least two horizontal ones which took place on the horizontal plane also. The latter, as we mentioned above, appeared to be the initial point for further development of VSS that happened as the result of the gradual impact of the multidirectional "stretching" efforts (vertical and horizontal ones) to expand the space. The basic condition of the existence of the spatial composition is its constant evolution, i.e. the "movement". If the latter doesn't happen then the spatial composition "dies off", i.e. actually turns into a monument. As it was specified above, as the result of such development, firstly there were formed archaic, i.e. somehow "intermediary" VSS that were reflected in such diverse forms as of the Egyptian mastaba, the earliest kurgans as Arjan ("platform"), then the Egyptian pyramids, the Sacks kurgans of the middle of the first millennium BC ("pyramid", "cone", "hemisphere") and the so-called "top class", i.e. the combined VSS. The latter, as me mentioned before, happened to be the basis for gorgeous architectural structures having the centric-deep spatial compositions (temple Aja Sofia, the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yassavi, churches designed as per the Byzantine tradition) and depth-centric ones (Romanesque and Gothic temples). These VSS, assigned to the "top class", that had already emerged in the Middle Ages, became the crowning point of the architectural development. Nothing principally new has not been created jet.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, further seeking of new forms in line with the process of form-development as related to the VSS, appeared to be concentrated around these spatial structures with the diverse variants of their combining. However, in terms of its artistic imagery and spiritualizing basis the architecture had the perspective of achieving great discoveries.
So, there actually have been two "architectural revolutions" within the process of its evolution: initially the mastering of the geometrical "form set up on the horizontal plane" (the first one) was expressed by the planning of circles, squares etc. Later on, it appeared to be the only basis for the development of the volume of the construction with its further subsequent artistic interpretation by means of the spatial composition ("the second architectural revolution"). The process of forming of the volume occurred in line with the strict sequence of changes, both during the certain stage of the form-development (archetype – VSS – architectural form) and the phase of generating of its geometric components ("figure set up on the plane" which was the basis for the fundamental "platform", then the "pyramid", "alley", "tower" etc.).
The origin of the specified "Generative grammar" (in line with A.N. Chomsky) as related to the process of architectural form-development arises from the necessity to survive, i.e. the autopoiesis. Subsequent experiments with the architectural form and applying technological aspects to it are fraught with the destruction of the phenomenon "Architecture" in its classic interpretation.
We should point out that on the whole, the sequence of actions, i.e. the development initially of the "horizontal plane", and on this basis the "vertical" break through ("activation" of the vertical axis), and further as the result, the learning of the space that surrounded this "vertical".
This sequence of the space development actions is apparently the universal one. Anyway, the land surface reclamation ("horizontal plane") and the subsequent first human flights ("vertical" axis) resulted in the exploration of the atmosphere (actually the "space around the vertical") and further on the penetration into the nearest cosmos through the atmosphere (in fact through the new "horizontal plane") led to the learning of the near-the-Earth space (again, the space around the vertical).
Nowadays, the flights of sputniks to the depth of the Galactic and even the observing it with the help of telescopes actually embody the "vertical axis" which is "supported" by the "horizontal plane" of the familiar near-the-Earth cosmos and fosters us to develop our view on the nearest cosmos and also on the "volumetric" arrangement of the distant cosmos, but that is around the according "vertical axis" which is directed to remote depths of the Universe. Thus, the existence of the horizontal plane itself with its initial point on it, is the basis for the emergence of the "vertical axis", around which the surrounding space is actively developed. Then this exact expanded space, having developed all the possible horizontal directions around this "vertical axis", becomes in turn the new level "horizontal plane" which will be the basis for the further "breakthrough to the unknown spheres", i.e. the development of the principally different specific "environment" etc.
"Having scrutinized the possible nature of the environment, we can expand our views on its directly perceived specifics and are able to predict the features which accompany them" [6]. We have already suggested our outlook for the architecture evolution in the aspect of its content change [7]. As related to the considered context, the principles of form-development process, identified above, can be applied to the specific content in any sphere. Applying of this scheme of cognition to the process of abstracting from the certain content of the space-related categories, i.e. in the re-considered kind, could be useful for the study of any phenomenon. It is apparent that there are many "keys" to solve the variety of world-wide problems which are impossible to handle at all without global development of the New, which embodies theoretical studies in the according spheres. It is necessary that newly obtained results in any research sphere should be recoded, for them to be a universal (as similar to tectology, cybernetics etc.) methodological instrument. Only after assuming such invariant "core" it will be able to "join the ranks" of the so-called "the fund of algorithms" to learn the new. Being an integral part of the universal model of cognition [8], they will be able to foster the development of new paradigms in line with theory of Tomas Kun. Probably the theory of architecture also, which is re-considered on the philosophic level, can become not just one of the specified "keys".
However, the archetype "tower" might have been generated in line with other "adjacent" ways: (a) "cloning" of the basic element (one floor pavilion → multilevel pagoda); and (b) "sudden" (one moment or explosive) emergence of the vertical volume due to urgent critical demand (Nuraghi of Sardinia, signal towers of Central Asia, etc.). But even these ways of occurring of the tower volume can be assigned in any way to the generalized principle of excessive development of geometric volume along its vertical axis.
These "marks" might have been improved also during the cases of "empathy" that took place during the watching of similar processes around the people.
"Endless reiteration marked those experiences within our psychological constitution, but it wasn't in the form of the meaningful images, it was in the kind of forms without contents only that give the possibility to some kind of perception and action. … We are not considering innate ideas but the inherent structures of mentality, thought-patterns." [4]
S.A. Tokarev (Ed.). Myths of the Peoples of the World, Vol. 1. Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1991, pp. 110–111.
A.Ya. Brodentsky. Speechless Communication in Life and Within the Art: Alphabet of Keeping Silence. Moscow: Humanitarian Publishing Center VLADOS, 2000, pp. 24.
A.N. Leontyev. Activity – Consciousness – Personality, Vol. 2. Moscow: Political Publishing, 1977, pp. 101.
C.G. Jung. Consciousness and the Unconscious: Collection – The Portable Jung. St. Petersburg: University Book, 1997, pp. 76 & 93.
F. Galli. New Design, New Philosophy, the Speculation of "Design" is Power, the Dark Side: Critical Thinking Through Negotiation, Politics and Leadership. Academia Letters, 2021, article 3889: pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL3889
J.S. Bruner. Psychology of Cognition: Beyond the Limits of the Given Information. Moscow: Progress, 1977, pp. 214.
E.M. Baitenov. Modern Challenges and the Outline of the Future of Architecture. In: A. Kazaryan, N. Konovalova, I. Rumbal (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI 2020), Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Vol. 471, pp. 6–11. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200923.002
L. Friesen. Theories Generate Emotions. Academia Letters, 2021, article 2682: pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL2682
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Interesting. I wonder if we could see the thing modified down to a 6-8 team event (to give everyone years off).
If it dies completely, at this point, I bet the Big Ten doesn't decide to go back to 9. 😦
The first step is to exempt schools with an annual OOC rivalry with a quality team (USC, Stanford, Utah, Iowa, Purdue, MSU, MI?). That would get it to 9 teams and remove the most obvious objections. It would be more fair for the P12 teams as they all get 10 quality games, not 11 for some. The B10 similarly would all play 9. It hurts to lose kings, but it's really hard to fit everyone into this.
The second step would be to make it a 6-game deal each year so everyone plays 4 out of 6 years. That leaves room for some variety in the other 2 years.
A third option would be for the P12 to drop back to 8 games, but then the CA schools would have to agree not to play each other every year (play 1 of the 2 in the other division each year). Potentially they could play the other one OOC to keep the rivalries instead, but that leads back to keeping them out of the B10/P12 deal.
I don't see the B10 going to 9 either, because they don't want to. Unless OOC SOS becomes a major factor in not only the playoff but also the top bowls, there is no incentive to play tough OOC games. I think Delany is better off making a rule that every B10 team must play at least 9 AQ teams each season, preferably 10 (maybe make them average 9.5 per year).
SOS better be one of the top considerations in the selection process or I'm gonna puke. And can we have automatic DQ if you play a D-2? Please. No one wants to see this crap anymore.
"SOS better be one of the top considerations in the selection process or I'm gonna puke."
It will be a major factor along with champ status, but that doesn't mean much. How they factor in SOS means more, in my opinion. If they just look at total SOS, all it means is big 5 schools get an edge over the little guys. If they only focus on OOC SOS, it favors the little guys and ignores most of the season. I'd like to see them weigh the OOC SOS equally with the conference SOS as a compromise. That rewards a tough conference slate but also encourages tough OOC schedules.
"And can we have automatic DQ if you play a D-2? Please. No one wants to see this crap anymore."
Unfortunately, plenty of fans are happy to see their team pound an overmatched squad for a paycheck. I wish they'd go away too, but you can't force it.
That's not a surprising development, especially on the Pac 12 side which has a nine-game conference schedule while the Big Ten opted to keep it at eight games given this agreement (the B10 was seriously thinking of going to nine conference games until Delany and Scott made this pact).
Some Big Ten and Pac 12 schools have already gone forward with games. Wisconsin and Washington are playing one another in 2017 along with Minnesota and Oregon State. Stanford and Northwestern have a home-and-home and it's rumored that Michigan will be playing Utah starting in 2015 (although that isn't confirmed yet).
I don't agree with Rittenberg's assessment that teams are going to strengthen their non-conference schedules in response to the new post-season setup. Since conference champions don't get autobids, there's no motivation to improve the non-conference strength of schedule. The ACC, Big XII and Pac 12 all have nine-game conference schedules in place and two of those conferences also have conference championship games, so the major teams in those conferences probably don't need to reach outside to the non-conference games in order to strengthen their SOS. Finally, because there are four teams in the playoff, it'd be only in the most unusual of circumstances to see an undefeated team from a major conference that is 13-0 or 12-0 not get one of the four berths in the playoff.
Then there's the economics of the thing. Michigan makes $5.3M in tickets sales alone per game. Why would UM (or any other major BCS program) want to reduced the number of home games it's playing and take the hit on the revenue side by playing a second home-and-home non-conference series? While conferences have different bowl revenue sharing plans, individual teams still don't make that much money from the bowls themselves. In its FY 2013 budget, UM looks to receive around $2.4M from net bowl revenues thru the Big Ten Conference. When a school has a $130M budget, that's not a lot of revenue.
One more thing on the money side. The Sporting News is reporting that the new television revenue deal for the new four-team championship will be $5B over 10 years. http://aol.sportingnews.com/ncaa-football/story/2012-06-25/bcs-meetings-four-team-playoff-tv-contract-5-billion
Say the Big Ten gets around 15% of that money–it'd be approximately $75M per year or $6.3M per school annually. That doesn't include any additional revenue programs will get from the money bid by cities to host the championship game. At that point, we may be talking a post-season payoff from bowl games, the playoff and the money provided by the winning city's bid to mean individual B10 programs might be looking at an $8M to $10M payoff annually instead of that $2.4M mentioned above.
I just don't see the motivation for teams to schedule more difficult non-conference games. They will still get paid whether they make the four-team playoff (or a bowl itself) and it probably reduces the chance for a team (especially ones with nine-conference games and a conference championship game) to get into the four-team playoff. Expand it to eight teams and give autobids to the top four or five conference champions and maybe you'll see the motivation to actually do it. But until then, I just don't see a lot of teams adding a second home-and-home non-conference opponent or upgrading their existing non-conference opponent into a better opponent.
After Wilner's assertion "yes, yes, a thousand times yes" to the question about the PAC inviting OU and little bro last year, I'm not sure he's as plugged in as some think. The "complainers" want to be assured strong scheduling and winning conference will be rewarded, not punished.
In Wilner's defense he wasn't the only one caught off guard. Larry Scott was telling OU for a month that he had the votes to get them and the Cowboys into the PAC without Texas, only to come up short when it mattered.


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Home Adventist News Adventist News From The USA Adventist Academy Introduces Innovative Farming into Its Curriculum
Adventist Academy Introduces Innovative Farming into Its Curriculum
State-of-the-art initiative includes greenhouses, hydroponics, and microgreens.
By: Shelley Bacon, North Pacific Union Conference News
What is green on the inside, metal on the outside, and high-tech all over? A container full of microgreens.
A new agriculture program has begun at Upper Columbia Academy(UCA) in Spangle, Washington, United States.The era of farms atSeventh-day Adventist schools was thought to be long past, but in an era of new agriculture techniques,UCA is taking a step back into this growing field.
The school had to answer the question, how does one go about establishing a viable agriculture program in today's market?
Academy leaders found their answers in visionary donors, altruistic alumni, and dedicated staff. Two donors who had long believed in the power and importance of students working in the soil each gave $100,000 toward the development of the program, intending for modern agriculture to be incorporated into the curriculum.
Alumnus Peter Vercio, who is part of a company that sets up farms and agriculture systems like that envisioned for UCA, stepped in to set up the operation. UCA staff will be operating the agriculture program and integrating it into the curriculum.
Vercio was headed toward law school when his life took a detour. After a stint working for a business in the oil field of North Dakota, and realizing he liked the idea of working in a business, he went to work for a solar panel company in California. However, he soon realized his work wasn't making the difference he wanted it to.
At the same time, Vercio began to recognize the gift of health he had been given as he grew up in an Adventist family. He saw firsthand the effects of poor health as he interacted with colleagues who didn't have the knowledge of healthy eating and living he had received. As his desire to make an impact with his time and talents converged with his emerging interest in healthy foods, he relocated to Colorado and started Sirona Life, a vertical farming business.
At UCA, Vercio will be combining his expertise in business, his desire to make an impact with his work, his passion for giving students an edge by providing healthier food options and taking an active role in the growing process, and his love for his alma mater to kick off a state-of-the-artagriculture program. Vercio plans to develop the greenhouse and incorporate multiple kinds of growing apparatus, including hydroponic gardening equipment.
He will also set up a container "farm," which will mostly be used to grow microgreens — an up-and-coming food product. "There are huge amounts of money flowing into the agriculture technology field right now," says Vercio. "We can give UCA students the tools for big job possibilities for the future."
UCA staff member Ted McConnachie will move from the maintenance department to the role of farm manager in summer 2018 as he develops the program. He will be responsible for overseeing student labor as well as marketing the agriculture program's harvest. He is excited about the future. "This will be a fantastic place for kids to learn a completely new way of growing food," he says.
In conjunction with Andrews University in Berrien Springs, Michigan, UCA will offer a related dual-credit class, "21st-Century Agriculture." Additionally, all teachers will be encouraged to integrate the agriculture program into their curriculum.
Biology teacher Judy Castrejon is planning the integration possibilities in her classes, and chemistry teacher Charles Hartman says that he has a vision of having his students conduct soil analyzation experiments and discover what various soil treatments do to their original numbers.
The agriculture program is a significant reason that UCA is "a place to grow."
This article by Shelley Bacon, Upper Columbia Academy recruiting and communication director, was originally published by North Pacific Union Conference (NPUC) Gleaner/GleanerNow.com and is reprinted here with permission.
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Happy Bastille Day! I'm so pleased to have gotten the chance to interview Catherine Delors about her wonderful new novel FOR THE KING (Dutton, July 2010). I had the pleasure of meeting Catherine this past winter, and found her delightful. I couldn't wait to get my hands on a copy of FOR THE KING!
From the inside cover: The Reign of Terror has ended, and Napoléon Bonaparte has seized power, but shifting political loyalties still tear apart families and lovers. On Christmas Eve 1800, a bomb explodes along Bonaparte's route, narrowly missing him but striking dozens of bystanders. Chief Inspector Roch Miquel, a young policeman with a bright future and a beautiful mistress, must arrest the assassins before they attack again. Complicating Miquel's investigation are the maneuverings of his superior, the redoubtable Fouché, the indiscretions of his own father, a former Jacobin, and two intriguing women. Based on real events and characters and rich with historical detail, For the King takes readers through the dark alleys and glittering salons of post-revolutionary Paris and is a timeless epic of love, betrayal, and redemption.
FOR THE KING is much more than just a historical thriller, it's more of a hearty beef bourgignon that you wash down with a good glass of pinot noir. The novel is almost a coming of age story for the protagonist Roch Miquel. He starts off the book, determined, ambitious, a bit pugnacious but still rather trusting, particularly of his superior Fouche, but by the end of the book, his illusions have been a bit shattered. His mistress, Blanche Coudert, is definitely a Scandalous Woman, beautiful, with many secrets that are slowly revealed throughout the course of the book. Surprisingly I found myself not hating her, perhaps understanding her a bit more by the book's end. Perhaps I'm just a hopeless romantic, but I believe that despite everything, she really did develop feelings for Roch. Roch has another woman vying for his attentions, Alexandrine who is the light to Blanche's dark. It is to the author's credit that she gives us two incredibly complex women who are more than what they seem.
Anyone who has ever read a police procedural novel will recognize that although the science of police work has advanced, the politics and the personalities tend to stay the same over the centuries. Roch has to deal with superiors he finds incompetent, jealously from others who despise him because he came from nothing but has managed to rise quickly through the ranks, and how politics can sometimes override and sometimes hinder a case. Roch is also an outsider, he's from Auvergne, he grew up poor, speaking another language.
Paris is almost a third character in the book. It's fascinating to read about a Paris pre Baron Hausmann when the city still retained much of its medieval character although that's rapidly changing with not just the revolution but Napoleon's rise to power. The little general is not seen in the novel but his presence is definitely felt throughout the book. I can't recommend this book highly enough.
Welcome to Scandalous Women Catherine. Can you tell us a little bit about yourself and how you started writing?
Thank you, Elizabeth, for having me here! Since my childhood I have always cherished the dream of becoming a writer, but it only took shape a few years ago. It began with a conversation with my father about the small mountain town whence our family comes, and before I knew it, I had started researching and writing my first novel.
Your first book MISTRESS OF THE REVOLUTION was set during the French Revolution but your next book picks up six years later. What had changed during that time?
So many things… Time was moving in fast-forward mode during the years of the French Revolution. True, MISTRESS OF THE REVOLUTION concludes with the fall of Robespierre and the execution of dozens of Jacobins leaders in 1794. An era of political corruption, runaway inflation and continuing civil war in the western provinces (the famous Chouan insurgency) ensued. Then in 1799 Napoléon Bonaparte seized power in a bloodless coup. His regime was already authoritarian, but the events that are the backdrop of FOR THE KING would allow him to eliminate his enemies on the right and left and strengthen his position.
Your book FOR THE KING has been described as a historical thriller. What interested you in what happened on Christmas Eve 1800 and the Rue Nicaise attack?
I believe "historical thriller" is the appropriate description for FOR THE KING. What drew me to this event was its similarities with the 9/11 attacks. Not in the number of casualties, of course ("only" a few dozen in the Rue Nicaise bombing) but the popular outrage, and its clever exploitation by politicians.
One of the things that I loved most about FOR THE KING was the way that you managed to interweave historical information without stopping the flow of the story. Where did you start in researching the Rue Nicaise attack?
Well, I found tantalizingly little in scholarly works. All Napoleonic historians mention the Rue Nicaise bombing, but in a few sentences, as if it were a hiccup of history. There was nothing of interest there if I wanted to learn what had really happened. I had no choice, if I wanted to "get" the details of the conspiracy, but to delve myself into the deposition transcripts and other records of the investigation.
Roch Miquel is a very much an outsider in FOR THE KING. He's from Auvergne and comes from a poor background, yet he's intelligent and filled with ambition. He's not afraid to talk back to his superiors and he doesn't suffer fools gladly. Did you base him on anyone in particular?
No, Roch is purely fictional. He is still very young, very naïve at the beginning of the novel. Then he learns much in the few weeks of the investigation, about those around him, and about himself. Maybe he is reminiscent of what I was at the same age.
I was intrigued by the two different factions: the Chouans and the Jacobins. Can you briefly tell us a little about them?
They had divergent political aims: the Chouans were Royalists and wanted to restore King Louis XVIII to the throne, while the Jacobins yearned to return the ideals of liberty and equality promoted by the Revolution. Their goals couldn't have been further apart, but they both wanted to eliminate Napoléon Bonaparte. Thus, after the Rue Nicaise assassination attempt, it was not obvious at all who, of those two groups, were the culprits. Many of their members were jailed together at the Temple as political prisoners, and I describe the camaraderie between them. I didn't make this up, but found it described in the Memoirs of the Marquis de La Maisonfort, a Royalist secret agent who spent some time at the Temple himself.
In your other life, you are an international lawyer, who lives in between London, Paris and Los Angeles. How do you carve out the time to write?
Good question! Frankly, at times this dual career feels a bit overwhelming. Between my legal work, blogging, Twitter, Facebook, and all the promotion work at launch time, I have trouble finding time to write. I look forward to returning to my literary projects in a month or so.
You are a huge fan of Jane Austen. How has her work had an impact on your writing? What other authors do you enjoy reading?
I like to say that Jane Austen taught me to read English. I discovered her in my first years of college in Paris (she is not as popular in France as in the English-speaking world) by reading Pride and Prejudice in a French translation. This prompted me to read her novels in English. This was my first experience reading English literature, and was extremely influential on my own writing. I greatly admire Jane's unsentimental take on life, and her extraordinary sense of irony.
I have read some works by Balzac, in particular the wonderful Eugénie Grandet, dozens of times. Flaubert is also a favorite of mine. On the Russian side, I am not too fond of Tolstoy, whose ideas on women I find repulsive, but I greatly admire Dostoevsky, and the recently departed Alexandr Soljenytsine.
I am working on the prequel to MISTRESS OF THE REVOLUTION. It too is a historical thriller, the story of a serial killer in the mountains of Auvergne, twenty years before the French Revolution. And I am also researching a book on Jane Austen. This one requires a tremendous amount of sleuthing in far-ranging archives, so the thriller/prequel will probably be completed first.
I have one copy of FOR THE KING to giveaway. Here are the rules: This giveaway is only available to American and Canadian readers. The giveaway is open from today until 12 p.m. on Wednesday, July 21st. The winner will be announced on Thursday, July 22nd.
I would love to enter the contest! I'm a follower and I tweeted.
I've enjoyed all the recent posts re. this novel, anxious to read it. Thanks for the giveaway. I'm already a follower.
I am in the middle of reading this one. Love it! And thanks for the interview. The backstory is fascinating.
I would love to win a copy of this book! It sounds fantastic.
Hello, When I saw the name of your blog on someone's blogroll, I just had to check it out. When I'm not cooking (I do take a break occasionally), I enjoy working on genealogy. And I've uncovered a couple of Scandalous Women of the 18th century in my mother's line!
I think the book also sounds interesting, and I'm also a follower.
This sounds good! I would love to read it. Please enter me. Thank you!


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Loren is Conservative party MP candidate for West Vancouver riding
West Vancouver businesswoman, Gabrielle Loren, has won the nomination for Conservative party MP candidate for the West Vancouver-Sunshine Coast-Sea to Sky Country riding.
Loren is the founding partner at Loren Nancke, an accounting firm in the North Shore.
She is also a board member of the Lions Gate Hospital Foundation and has been a president of the West Vancouver Chamber of Commerce twice as well as a treasurer and a board member.
Loren also ran for a seat on the West Vancouver council in the muncipal elections in November.
Loren said the work she has done as a community advocate and and an accountant follows the theme of empowering individuals with practical solutions and applying an entrepreneurial spirit to problems.
Loren said it's time for a change in politics.
"We need Ottawa to prioritize accountability, fiscal responsibility and fair taxation," she said.
"If elected, I will help to implement these changes as part of a strong Conservative team that understand their important for the community," she said.
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