text:
/* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.flowable.cmmn.engine.impl.runtime;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.flowable.cmmn.api.runtime.PlanItemInstanceTransitionBuilder;
import org.flowable.cmmn.engine.impl.cmd.CompleteStagePlanItemInstanceCmd;
import org.flowable.cmmn.engine.impl.cmd.DisablePlanItemInstanceCmd;
import org.flowable.cmmn.engine.impl.cmd.EnablePlanItemInstanceCmd;
import org.flowable.cmmn.engine.impl.cmd.StartPlanItemInstanceCmd;
import org.flowable.cmmn.engine.impl.cmd.TerminatePlanItemInstanceCmd;
import org.flowable.cmmn.engine.impl.cmd.TriggerPlanItemInstanceCmd;
import org.flowable.common.engine.api.FlowableIllegalArgumentException;
import org.flowable.common.engine.impl.interceptor.CommandExecutor;

/**
 * @author Joram Barrez
 */
public class PlanItemInstanceTransitionBuilderImpl implements PlanItemInstanceTransitionBuilder {

    protected CommandExecutor commandExecutor;

    protected String planItemInstanceId;
    protected Map<String, Object> variables;
    protected Map<String, Object> localVariables;
    protected Map<String, Object> transientVariables;
    protected Map<String, Object> childTaskVariables;

    public PlanItemInstanceTransitionBuilderImpl(CommandExecutor commandExecutor, String planItemInstanceId) {
        this.commandExecutor = commandExecutor;
        this.planItemInstanceId = planItemInstanceId;
    }

    @Override
    public PlanItemInstanceTransitionBuilder variable(String variableName, Object variableValue) {
        if (variables == null) {
            variables = new HashMap<>();
        }
        variables.put(variableName, variableValue);
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public PlanItemInstanceTransitionBuilder variables(Map<String, Object> variables) {
        if (this.variables == null) {
            this.variables = new HashMap<>();
        }
        if (variables != null) {
            this.variables.putAll(variables);
        }
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public PlanItemInstanceTransitionBuilder localVariable(String variableName, Object variableValue) {
        if (localVariables == null) {
            localVariables = new HashMap<>();
        }
        localVariables.put(variableName, variableValue);
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public PlanItemInstanceTransitionBuilder localVariables(Map<String, Object> localVariables) {
        if (this.localVariables == null) {
            this.localVariables = new HashMap<>();
        }
        if (localVariables != null) {
            this.localVariables.putAll(localVariables);
        }
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public PlanItemInstanceTransitionBuilder transientVariable(String variableName, Object variableValue) {
        if (transientVariables == null) {
            transientVariables = new HashMap<>();
        }
        transientVariables.put(variableName, variableValue);
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public PlanItemInstanceTransitionBuilder transientVariables(Map<String, Object> transientVariables) {
        if (this.transientVariables == null) {
            this.transientVariables = new HashMap<>();
        }
        if (transientVariables != null) {
            this.transientVariables.putAll(transientVariables);
        }
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public PlanItemInstanceTransitionBuilder childTaskVariable(String variableName, Object variableValue) {
        if (childTaskVariables == null) {
            childTaskVariables = new HashMap<>();
        }
        childTaskVariables.put(variableName, variableValue);
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public PlanItemInstanceTransitionBuilder childTaskVariables(Map<String, Object> childTaskVariables) {
        if (this.childTaskVariables == null) {
            this.childTaskVariables = new HashMap<>();
        }
        if (childTaskVariables != null) {
            this.childTaskVariables.putAll(childTaskVariables);
        }
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public void trigger() {
        validateChildTaskVariablesNotSet();
        commandExecutor.execute(new TriggerPlanItemInstanceCmd(planItemInstanceId, variables, localVariables, transientVariables));
    }

    @Override
    public void enable() {
        validateChildTaskVariablesNotSet();
        commandExecutor.execute(new EnablePlanItemInstanceCmd(planItemInstanceId, variables, localVariables, transientVariables));
    }

    @Override
    public void disable() {
        validateChildTaskVariablesNotSet();
        commandExecutor.execute(new DisablePlanItemInstanceCmd(planItemInstanceId, variables, localVariables, transientVariables));
    }

    @Override
    public void start() {
        commandExecutor.execute(new StartPlanItemInstanceCmd(planItemInstanceId, variables, localVariables, transientVariables, childTaskVariables));
    }

    @Override
    public void terminate() {
        validateChildTaskVariablesNotSet();
        commandExecutor.execute(new TerminatePlanItemInstanceCmd(planItemInstanceId, variables, localVariables, transientVariables));
    }

    @Override
    public void completeStage() {
        validateChildTaskVariablesNotSet();
        commandExecutor.execute(new CompleteStagePlanItemInstanceCmd(planItemInstanceId, variables, localVariables, transientVariables, false));
    }

    @Override
    public void forceCompleteStage() {
        validateChildTaskVariablesNotSet();
        commandExecutor.execute(new CompleteStagePlanItemInstanceCmd(planItemInstanceId, variables, localVariables, transientVariables, true));
    }

    protected void validateChildTaskVariablesNotSet() {
        if (childTaskVariables != null) {
            throw new FlowableIllegalArgumentException("Child task variables can only be set when starting a plan item instance");
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


NEW DELHI: Rahul Gandhi cited the Nano small car project in Gujarat to slam PM Modi's 'Make in India' initiative and asked who was responsible for `33,000 crore taxpayers' money going down the drain.
"PM's pet "Make in India" project just died. 33,000 crores of Gujarati taxpayer money turned to ash. Who is accountable?" Rahul tweeted, citing media reports that dealers had stopped placing orders for Tata Nano.
The Congress Vice-president, who is currently campaigning in Gujarat, has repeatedly cited the example of Tata Nano to drive home the point that Modi's development agenda was to benefit big industries. "The UPA gave Rs 30,000 crore for MGNREGA. Modiji gave the same amount of money to one company," Rahul said, wondering if the mega-project provided jobs to the locals, as promised.
"I have not seen a single Nano car on the road. Did you get any benefit from the factory? Did you drive a Tata Nano? Do you have a small car at home? Did your children get jobs at the factory?" Rahul said in an obvious attempt to puncture Modi's pro-development credentials. The dwindling production of Nano has provided Rahul the perfect opportunity to present himself as a champion of the poor.


text:
Discount Philadelphia Eagles tickets
dtixcom 2 years ago
About Philadelphia Eagles
Philadelphia Eagles compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. They are Super Bowl champions, having won Super Bowl LII; their first Super Bowl in franchise history, and their fourth NFL title overall, after winning the Championship Game in 1948, 1949, and 1960.
The franchise was established in 1933 as a replacement for the bankrupt Frankford Yellow Jackets, when a group led by Bert Bell secured the rights to an NFL franchise in Philadelphia. Bell, Chuck Bednarik, Bob Brown, Brian Dawkins, Reggie White, Steve Van Buren, Tommy McDonald, Greasy Neale, Pete Pihos, Sonny Jurgensen, Terrell Owens, and Norm Van Brocklin have been inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
The team has an intense rivalry with the New York Giants. This rivalry is the oldest in the NFC East and is among the oldest in the NFL. It was ranked by NFL Network as the number one rivalry of all-time and Sports Illustrated ranks it amongst the Top 10 NFL rivalries of all-time at number four, and according to ESPN, it is one of the fiercest and most well-known rivalries in the American football community. They also have a bitter rivalry with the Dallas Cowboys, which has become more high-profile since the 1960s, as well as a historic rivalry with the Washington Redskins. Their rivalry with the Pittsburgh Steelers is another bitter rivalry, roughly dating back to 1933, that mostly arises from the two teams' statuses as being from opposite ends of the same state. The team consistently ranks among the best in the league in attendance and has sold out every game since the 1999 season. In a Sports Illustrated poll of 321 NFL players, Eagles fans were selected the most intimidating fans in the NFL.
Discount Houston Texans tickets
Discount Celine Dion tickets
© 2019 Discount Event Tickets Dtickets.com, All Rights Reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In the words of Roger Franklin, fire can be "a curious, wonderful thing". On February 7, 2009, however, there was nothing wonderful about the flames that engulfed Victoria, killing 173 people and reducing several towns to dust. Franklin's book, INFERNO: THE DAY VICTORIA BURNED, is the first to explore the horrors of the day that will forever be known as Black Saturday. Not only does the author explain what happened that day - individual heroism, unimaginable tragedy, tales of towns all but wiped off the map - but also why it happened. The author examines the roles of the Victorian government, the CFA and the local councils that were so determined to protect roadside vegetation. He analyses the pros and cons of preventive burning, questions the merits of the state's controversial stay-or-go policy, and delves into the mind of an arsonist. Through it all, there is a clear message: failure was everywhere on Black Saturday. With bushfires a constant threat in Australian life, Franklin cites many important lessons that need to be learned if such a disaster is to be avoided in the future.


Can you make yourself smarter? A question which has kept many a scientist in our knowledge-based society awake. The answer to this seems to be 'yes'.
At least: if we are to believe the results of 'Hack my Brain', the new documentary of Todd Sampson. 'Hack my brain' is a three-part documentary series wherein presenter and guinea pig par excellence Todd Sampson examines the elasticity of the human brain. To what extent can you, with brain training, ensure that your brain stays up-to-date, that your memory remains functioning at its best, and that the capacity of your grey matter increases instead of gradually reducing? These are the most important questions which were carefully investigated in the show.
The results of the television experiment were actually astounding: through proper and regular training it certainly seems possible to increase your brain functions and literally make yourself smarter.
Our editorial team also trains their brain. Our favorite app for this is Peak.


A grieving father whose son passed away last year made a tearful and heartbreaking request to one mall Santa that left people in stunned silence.
The Santa Claus at a mall in Athens, Georgia, played by actor Caleb Ryan Sigmon, posted about the poignant encounter on his Facebook page.
A man walked in today holding something in his arms. "I have a request," he said, turning around this picture frame. He took a moment. "My son passed away, last year." He choked up and couldn't finish his sentence. The entire photo set was silent. I said, "Absolutely." Without anyone saying anything, he handed me the frame and I placed it on my knee.
The picture frame had a photo of a smiling baby wearing a hospital wristband.
"In the photo, I could see on the little boy's armband that his first name was Hayden," Sigmon wrote. "I didn't ask any questions, but I am guessing that this is his first photo with Santa. The camera snap was the only sound I could hear through the entire mall. Normally, I hear all kinds of music and sounds, but it was absolutely silent."
The man said that the photo was going to be a present for his wife.
The photographer gave the photos with Santa to the father, free of charge. "We gave him the printed package, telling him that it was a gift and that we would be praying for his family, this Christmas," Sigmon added. "He grabbed my hand and pulled me in and hugged me, then turned around and left. As he walked out, we all had tears in their eyes."
Sigmon wrote that the moment reminded him that small acts of kindness are so important — especially around this time of year.
"I'm sharing this to remind us all that Christmastime is unbelievably hard for some families. Pray for the brokenhearted. Smile at people. Just be kind. Love one another."


text:
Momentum Gaining in Winning Housing Reforms, but Much Work Remains
After years of relentless advocacy, housing leaders agree they're starting to see the tide turn in the fight to reform outdated laws and regulations that have limited California's ability to build new housing. That was among the messages delivered by speakers at a forum the Bay Area Council convened this week in partnership with ULI to discuss progress over the past few years, the outlook for a raft of new reform legislation currently making its way through the legislature and what's ahead. Just a few years ago, housing was not high on Gov. Brown's agenda and the prospects of winning major reforms was bleak. Gov. Newsom and his goal for creating 3.5 million new homes has helped spur more support statewide for housing reforms.
Council Senior Vice President Matt Regan moderated the discussion with Denise Pinkston of TMG Partners, former Co-Chair of the Council's Housing Committee, Geeta Rao of Enterprise Community Partners and Mike Ghielmetti, President of Signature Properties Group and member of the Council's Executive Committee.
Pinkston shared her experience of translating regional housing policy recommendations into statewide legislation, and attributed successes in passing reforms to building new alliances with groups usually at odds with each other. She emphasized that compromise is the key to achieving reforms on an issue that has become increasingly polarized.
Rao dove into the details of legislation approved last year that established the Bay Area Housing Finance Authority (BAHFA), which emphasizes regional approaches to housing reforms over a city-by-city approach. BAHFA is working to place a regional measure on the November 2020 ballot that would generate significant funding for affordable housing.
Ghielmetti, a leading and respected Northern California developer, highlighted some of the challenges that still remain. He cited a recent proposal in San Bruno that met with strong resistance even though it complied with all local zoning laws and regulations and included a significant community benefits package. He expressed optimism that the project can be revived, and he discussed how new laws like SB 35 (Wiener) are giving homebuilders more leverage to overcome local resistance.
See the presentation on housing reform legislation>>
All three agreed that much remains to be done to speed up badly needed reforms. They highlighted the importance of now enforcing new housing laws to ensure local communities are accountable. They also talked about the need for addressing skyrocketing construction costs. And they said it's critical to keep the pedal to the metal in continuing to advocate for reforms and new legislation. To help bolster the Council's housing reform advocacy, please contact Senior Vice President Matt Regan.
Many thanks to ULI San Francisco for partnering with us for this event!


In his series Monoscapes, german photographer Nick Frank, which has been previously featured for his great photographs enhanced the architecture by focusing on fragments and singular perspectives. In most of his series, colors seem to be a capital element, but for this one, the artist took the all in black and white, to discover. More on his website.


TORONTO, April 1, 2019 /CNW/ - The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ("Newcastle University") and Sagard Healthcare Royalty Partners ("SHRP") announced today that the University has sold to SHRP a portion of its royalty interest in a novel cancer drug, marketed as Rubraca, for a cash payment of US $31 million.
Rubraca (rucaparib) belongs to an emerging class of drugs known as PARP inhibitors and was developed through a research collaboration between Newcastle University, Cancer Research UK's Cancer Research Technology Limited (formerly known as Cancer Research Campaign Technology Limited), and Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (now a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pfizer, Inc.). The commercialization rights were subsequently licensed to Clovis Oncology, Inc., which successfully developed Rubraca through clinical trials.
Today, Rubraca is approved in both the United States and Europe for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy, and for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies. Rubraca is also in development for additional indications including the treatment of metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer and bladder cancer.
The transaction is structured as an upfront payment from SHRP in exchange for 100% of the royalty entitlement up to an undisclosed cap, and then 15% of the entitlement thereafter. Newcastle University will use the proceeds of the transaction to support ongoing development of teaching and learning facilities for students across the University and to facilitate research.
"We are thrilled to announce our first transaction as part of the Sagard Holdings team," said David MacNaughtan, Partner and Head of SHRP. "Royalty monetization enables research-based institutions such as Newcastle University to accelerate returns on innovation and manage risk, and we are pleased to support the cycle of technology development."
Professor Chris Day, President and Vice-Chancellor of Newcastle University, said: "The achievement of the Newcastle University team cannot be underestimated in taking this fundamental research into development and then into market as a cancer treatment. The success of this drug development shows how, as a University, we are making a positive impact on the lives of thousands of patients and tackling real world issues in the University. This feat now enables us to invest further into research and into the futures of thousands of students in developing teaching and learning facilities."
SHRP, the royalty monetization business of Sagard Holdings, was launched in January 2019, and aims to be a premier investor in the life sciences sector. SHRP's principal focus is on traditional royalty or credit-like investments, protected by strong intellectual property, which can generate attractive cash-yielding returns that are uncorrelated with public markets. Royalty-based transactions are increasingly pursued in the life sciences industry as a means of managing risk and accelerating the returns on innovation, and SHRP will bring its proven expertise to develop tailored solutions to help royalty holders maximize value.
"We're ecstatic about the royalty team's progress in such a short period of time," said Adam Vigna, Chief Investment Officer of Sagard Holdings. "The ability to source a deep pipeline of opportunities and close an investment like this one in a competitive process within two months is testament to the quality of the team and the depth of their network, as well as Sagard Holdings' ability to support and launch new strategies. We're excited to officially add healthcare royalties and related investments to our suite of alternative asset strategies."
MTS Health Partners, L.P. served as exclusive structuring and financial advisor and Covington & Burling LLP served as transactional counsel to Newcastle University. Ropes & Gray served as transactional counsel to SHRP.
Sagard Holdings is a multi-strategy alternative asset manager with professionals located in Montreal, Toronto, New York, Paris and Singapore. Sagard looks to generate attractive returns by matching investment opportunities with flexible capital solutions and pairing entrepreneurs with teams that have deep industry knowledge. We develop long term partnership and empower the growth of our investments through a unique global network of portfolio companies, limited partners, advisors and other valued relationships. Today, Sagard invests across 4 asset classes; equity, private credit (Sagard Credit Partners), royalties (Sagard Healthcare Royalty Partners), and venture capital (Portag3 Ventures and Diagram). Sagard Holdings was founded by Power Corporation of Canada in 2005 as a complement to its global investment holdings.
Newcastle University, UK, is a thriving international community of some 27,750 students from over 130 countries worldwide. As a member of the Russell Group of research intensive universities in the UK, Newcastle has a world-class reputation for research excellence in the fields of medicine, science and engineering, social sciences and the humanities. Its academics are sharply focused on responding to the major challenges facing society today. Our research and teaching are world-leading in areas as diverse as health, culture, technology and the environment. The Research Excellence Framework 2014 (REF) placed Newcastle University 16th in the UK for Research Power and the vast majority of our research (78%) was assessed to be world-leading or internationally excellent. Newcastle University is committed to providing our students with excellent, research-led teaching delivered by dedicated and passionate teachers. This is reaffirmed by achieving the best possible outcome - a Gold Award - in the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF). Newcastle is placed joint top 9 in Europe for teaching excellence in the Times Higher Education Europe Teaching Rankings.
Cancer Research UK is the world's leading cancer charity dedicated to saving lives through research. Cancer Research UK's pioneering work into the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer has helped save millions of lives. Cancer Research UK receives no funding from the UK government for its life-saving research. Every step it makes towards beating cancer relies on vital donations from the public. Cancer Research UK has been at the heart of the progress that has already seen survival in the UK double in the last 40 years. Today, 2 in 4 people survive their cancer for at least 10 years. Cancer Research UK's ambition is to accelerate progress so that by 2034, 3 in 4 people will survive their cancer for at least 10 years. Cancer Research UK supports research into all aspects of cancer through the work of over 4,000 scientists, doctors and nurses. Together with its partners and supporters, Cancer Research UK's vision is to bring forward the day when all cancers are cured. For further information about Cancer Research UK's work or to find out how to support the charity, please call 0300 123 1022 or visit www.cancerresearchuk.org. Follow Cancer Research UK on Twitter and Facebook.


text:
Еліса Боццо (, 8 травня 1987) — італійська синхронна плавчиня.
Учасниця Олімпійських Ігор 2016 року, де в змаганнях груп посіла 5-те місце.

Посилання
 Еліса Боццо на Olympedia.org
 Еліса Боццо на Olympics.com
 Еліса Боццо на Sports-Reference.com

Примітки

Народились 1987
Синхронні плавчині на літніх Олімпійських іграх 2016
Італійські синхронні плавчині

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
The United States Revokes Scientology's Tax-Exempt Status – ABC News
In a unanimous decision by the Supreme Court today, the eight justices ruled in favor of revoking the Church of Scientology's tax-exempt status in the United States. Under the ruling, Scientology will still be able to operate as a business but no longer as a non-profit religious organization.
The case was brought forward by the Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division after concluding a two-year-long investigation into the inner workings of Scientology. The investigation, along with an extensive audit, found the group to be a "criminal operation with a sole purpose of making money". The eight justices agreed with the IRS and its findings that Scientology was neither a religion or fell under the guidelines of a non-profit charitable organization.
CI Special Agent, Tom Downey, worked closely with IRS Chief Counsel Criminal Tax Attorneys during the course of the investigation.
"If private schools had similar prices to the courses in Scientology, students would receive the absolute highest level of education by the top educators in the country," Downey said. "But in reality, based on the ridiculously high cost of Scientology, there is no school out there that even exists. The best schools in this country charge a fraction of the exorbitant amounts of money that Scientology charges its members."
Paul Horner, a spokesperson for Scientology, told ABC News the ruling is "discrimination based on religious beliefs".
"In a free country, such as ours, it amazes me that over ten million Scientologists can have their beliefs trampled on like this," Horner said. "The Church of Scientology is working hard to make this world a better place, constructing more buildings and ships and other really neat stuff, and now, most of that will have to be put on hold because of a few religious bigots."
For years, Scientology's claim of ten million followers has been widely disputed. In 2011, former editor, and longtime Scientology foe, Tony Ortega, wrote the following in The Village Voice:
"According to the latest survey, the total number of people who identify as Scientologists is just 25,000 in this country of more than 300 million human beings."
Scientology teaches that 75 million years ago an evil galactic overlord named Xenu, ruler of a Galactic Confederacy, decided to tackle overpopulation by rounding up 13.5 trillion people in DC-8-like spacecraft, flying them to Earth (then known as Teegeeack), dropping them in the volcanoes of Hawaii and vaporizing them with hydrogen bombs.
Their spirits, known as thetans, attached themselves to humans at the dawn of man, and according to Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard is the root cause of all our fears, confusion and problems. For humans to reach a clear state, thetans must be removed from the body through therapy sessions, known within Scientology as auditing.
Scientology adherents must work through eight stages of auditing over a period of many years to reach this clear state, each of which costs thousands of dollars to partake in. It was these costs that the court took issue with, ruling that they far outstrip average course fees for educational establishments.
Sarah Bradley, a spokeswoman for Sock It Forward, a group that provides the homeless and those less fortunate with brand new socks, told ABC News she lost her family because of Scientology's disconnection policy.
"I was born into Scientology," Bradley said. "When I turned seventeen I began to question some of their beliefs. My family, who are all members, told me to stay quiet, but it was too late and I was excommunicated from the church. Scientology's upper management told me I was no longer able to see or talk to my family ever again," Bradley said. "It broke my heart, I couldn't even say goodbye to them. They were told by Scientology if they had any communication with me that they would be excommunicated too. My family chose Scientology over me." Holding back tears Bradley says, "I just hope my family is proud of me, all that I'm doing with my life and everything I'm doing to help the homeless. I wish more than anything to see them one day; I love and miss them so much."
Downey told reporters that Scientology spends tens of millions of dollars every year doing what no other religious non-profit organization does.
"The money is used to harass former members, coerce abortions, to secure their International base so people can't escape, child abuse, forcing members to disconnect from family and friends who aren't Scientologist friendly, and to litigate to death anyone who opposes them," Downey said. "Years ago, the Cult Awareness Network was an organization that provided information on groups that it considered to be cults. After years of litigation with Scientology and being forced into bankruptcy, it is now a Scientology run enterprise. Over the years Scientology has also put many government officials and politicians in their pocket."
For years, the Church of Scientology often pointed to their tax-exempt status as proof that it is a recognized religious entity in the United States. And there's no disputing that tax-exempt status has been a huge boon to the Scientology industry. With such few members, but billions in real estate holdings, the Church of Scientology has been called "the most famous small business in the world," with its tax exempt status saving the Church an estimated $20 million a year on property taxes alone.
Roberto Sigmond of Amnesty International told ABC News that revoking the Church of Scientology's tax-exempt status in the United States is a huge win.
"From all the deaths Scientology has caused over the years to its phony drug rehabilitation program, this is a great day for anyone that believes in human rights."
After originally being recognized as a tax-exempt religious organization in 1957, Scientology's tax-exempt status was lost in a 1967 IRS audit. As part of the effort to regain tax exemption during the late 1970s, Scientologists repeatedly infiltrated the IRS, copying large numbers of documents and at one point placing an electronic bugging device in an IRS conference room. These actions took place within a program code-named Operation Snow White. Eleven high-ranking Scientologists, including Hubbard's wife Mary Sue Hubbard, were sentenced to time in prison for acts surrounding this operation. L. Ron Hubbard himself was named as an unindicted co-conspirator as investigators could not link him to the crimes.
The United States is not the first country to revoke Scientology's tax exemption. In October of last year, a Dutch court revoked Scientology's status as a "public welfare institution" and the tax exemption that goes along with it.
Janine Pieters, reporting in the NL Times, said the court ruled that sales of Scientology's courses and therapy sessions are aimed at profit-making and that it does not therefore belong on the tax authorities charity list.
Beginning April 6th, 2016, The Church of Scientology will no longer receive tax exemption in the United States. Attorneys for Scientology have 30 days to appeal the case, although it is not yet clear whether they will or not.
UPDATE 4/28/16: The Church of Scientology has regained their tax-exempt status within the United States. Contact your local Representative to complain and have it removed.


text:
'It's going to be an invasion'
Thread: 'It's going to be an invasion'
When Germany plays host to the World Cup next summer, it expects not just an influx of fans, but an even bigger one - of prostitutes. Luke Harding on the preparations in hand
The giant red phallus billowing from the roof is a bit of a give away. Just next to a busy main road and tucked incongruously behind a tyre repair workshop, is Artemis, Berlin's newest, most luxurious brothel. There is, as such, nothing remarkable about the vast four-storey bordello that opened its doors two months ago in an anonymous industrial estate in Berlin. Except, perhaps, for its location. The sex facility is a short drive from Berlin's Olympiastadion, the famous stadium used by the Nazis to host the 1936 Olympics, and - more importantly - the venue for next year's World Cup.
http://football.guardian.co.uk/News_...645517,00.html
Prostitution is for the most part legal in Germany. You can, and I´m not joking, retire at 65 if you declare your prostitution income and pay into the social security system. So, yes, business will boom, but there will be a battle between the legal and illegal street workers who sell themselves cheap. You can also expect an increase in the drug trade as well. Organized crime will have a field day.
"So I have stayed as I am, without regret, seperated from the normal human condition." Guy Sajer
Park, et al. (2002). The invasion routes of neurovirulent A/Hong Kong/483/97 (H5N1) influenza virus into the central nervous system after respiratory infection in mice.
Wick, et al. (2001). Ezrin-dependent promotion of glioma cell clonogenicity, motility, and invasion mediated by BCL-2 and transforming growth factor-beta2


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L'antigène Ki-67 fait partie des marqueurs de prolifération. Il s'agit d'une protéine nucléaire de 360 kDa (numéro d'accession P46013) présente dans les cellules prolifératives. L'antigène Ki67 a été décrit par Gerdes en 1983 après immunisation de lapins par injection de noyaux de cellules de lymphome provenant d'un lymphome de Hodgkin (clone 67 de la plaque 96 puits, étude réalisée dans la ville de Kiel).

Ki-67 est une protéine nucléaire non histonique, qui est codée par le gène MKI-67 et exprimée dans toutes les phases du cycle cellulaire, sauf pendant la phase G0.

Il est présent au niveau du noyau des cellules prolifératives, en phase G1, S, G2 et M. Il est exprimé à la périphérie des chromosomes et agit comme un tensioactif qui permet de maintenir séparés les chromosomes mitotiques. Une participation au maintien du pouvoir prolifératif ou au contrôle du cycle cellulaire est suggérée.

L'antigène Ki-67 est détecté par anticorps anti-Ki-67 en immunohistochimie et immunofluorescence. En pratique l'index de marquage par le Ki-67 représente le pourcentage de noyaux colorés par l'anticorps anti-Ki-67.

En oncologie, l'antigène Ki-67 semble être un marqueur permettant de prévoir la sensibilité d'une tumeur aux agents cytotoxiques, en particulier dans le cancer du sein et dans l'orientation de la prise en charge les femmes présentant un test HPV positif effectués dans le cadre du dépistage du cancer du col de l'utérus.

Notes et références

Immunologie


text:
Diplomats from Iran, Russia, Turkey meet UN envoy on Syria
Asked whether the talks were focused on constitutional commission or Idlib as well, the UN envoy replied: "on everything"
High-level diplomats from Iran, Russia and Turkey were meeting Tuesday with the U.N. envoy for Syria about creating a committee to revise the war-battered country's constitution.
Hossein Jaberi Ansari, a special envoy for Iran's foreign minister, said a "good result" could emerge from the talks.
UN Special Envoy for Syria Staffan de Mistura told reporters Tuesday that his ongoing discussions with Syria's ceasefire guarantor states — Russia, Iran and Turkey — on the formation of the constitutional commission and situation in the province of Idlib were intensive and interesting.
Asked whether the talks were focused on constitutional commission or Idlib as well, the UN envoy replied: "on everything."
De Mistura met informally with members of the three delegations on Monday.
The talks are set to focus on creating a constitutional committee under Syrian government Russia, Turkey and Iran have been working together as "guarantors" for a series of talks around "ending Syria's war."


text:
Andy Warhol's 15 minutes of fame is still going. Here's why his legacy still matters
Andy Warhol was as literate as he was visual. Here are two lists that reveal his vast contribution to contemporary pop culture
Andy Warhol's 15 minutes of fame is still going. Here's why his legacy still matters Andy Warhol was as literate as he was visual. Here are two lists that reveal his vast contribution to contemporary pop culture Check out this story on desertsun.com: http://desert.sn/2oZGrdI
Bruce Fessier, The Desert Sun Published 6:02 p.m. PT March 9, 2018
This portrait of Andy Warhol by Michael Childers is featured in "Photographs of Michael Childers: Having A Ball: Portraits of Andy Warhol at His New York Studio and Paris home.(Photo: Courtesy of Michael Childers)
Andy Warhol was significant for much more than his pop art. His 1977 book, "The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (from A to B and Back Again)," was hailed as a primer for understanding the Baby Boomers that Tom Wolfe famously called "the Me Generation."
Culled from Warhol's recorded conversations, transcribed by Pat Hackett, author of "The Andy Warhol Diaries," and edited by Bob Colacello, editor of Interview magazine, the morsels of wisdom read like Woody Allen one-liners.
On the social classes, he wrote, "The rich have many advantages over the poor, but the most important one, as far as I'm concerned, is knowing how to talk and eat at the same time."
On intellectual pretension, he wrote, "I would rather watch somebody buy their underwear than read a book they wrote."
MORE: Warhol-themed benefit raises $1 million for Palm Springs Art Museum
MORE: Local artist created portrait of Warhol
But literary critics elevated the Warhol philosophy to a level of importance unfathomable a decade earlier when his underground movies were getting seized — and his audiences were getting arrested — by guardians of good taste.
Barbara Goldsmith wrote in the New York Book Review, "Some people say California is the bellwether of America. I say Andy Warhol."
Jack Kroll of Newsweek said, "In his art and his life, both flights from emotional commitment, you hear the laughter and the cry wrenched from a man who heard something go pop in America."
Warhol is most famous for saying, "Everyone will be famous for 15 minutes." But Warhol later proclaimed, "I'm bored with that line. I never use it anymore. My new line is, 'In 15 minutes everybody will be famous.'"
Warhol, who died in 1987, probably would have loved seeing his immense importance to pop culture whittled into listicles. So, using the vast resources of the Internet, here are:
10 examples of the wisdom of Andy Warhol
"Once you 'got' Pop, you could never see a sign again the same way again. And once you thought Pop, you could never see America the same way again."
"If you want to know all about Andy Warhol, just look at the surface of my paintings and films and me, and there I am. There's nothing behind it."
"I always thought I'd like my own tombstone to be blank. No epitaph, and no name. Well, actually, I'd like it to say 'figment.'"
"If you wear a wig, everybody notices. But, if you then dye the wig, people notice the dye."
"Being good at business is the most fascinating kind of art. Making money is art and working is art and good business is the best art."
"If you're not trying to be real, you don't have to get it right. That's art."
"Land really is the best art."
"Don't pay any attention to what they write about you. Just measure it in inches."
"Think rich, look poor."
12 reasons why Warhol still matters
12) He inspired Bob Dylan's "Like A Rolling Stone," called by Rolling Stone, "the greatest rock song of all time." Dylan resented the way Warhol used his friend, Edie Sedgwick, who starred in Warhol films with little pay and was Warhol's favorite muse of the mid-1960s. Dylan called Warhol "Napoleon in rags" overseeing all the "jugglers and the clowns" in the circus-like atmosphere of his work site, The Factory. "You say you never compromise," Dylan wrote of Sedgwick, "With the mystery tramp but now you realize/ He's not selling any alibis/ As you stare into the vacuum of his eyes." Sedgwick, also was the inspiration of the Rolling Stones song, "Factory Girl." A 2006 film of that name featured Sienna Miller as Sedgwick.
11) Warhol inspired the trend of dressing down at formal events. Warhol was famous for wearing blue jeans with expensive shoes, jacket, shirt and tie at events where other men were wearing suits.
10) He made entourages cool. Frank Sinatra had his Rat Pack, but they were all stars. Elvis Presley had his Memphis Mafia, but they were disparaged as flunkies. Warhol called his actors Superstars and they became famous in their own right. Many were immortalized in Lou Reed's classic "Walk on the Wild Side." ("Little Joe never once gave it away... Sugar Plum Fairy came and hit the streets... Jackie is just speeding away").
9) He inspired the David Bowie's 1971 LP, "Hunky Dory." Besides "Andy Warhol," songs include "Oh! You Pretty Things," "Kooks" and "Changes." Bowie told the BBC, Warhol "wasn't a real person. He was a creation." That realization led him to create his next album, "The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars."
8) He made the artist as famous as his art. Emerging when Picasso was in his 80s, Warhol made himself the most famous artist after Picasso by cultivating a unique look and a celebrity scene fusing rock and movie stars, society figures and politicians. At Halloween in 1965, artist Roy Lichtenstein and his wife went to a costume party as Andy and Edie, explaining that Andy had made himself and his consort into living works of art.
7) He brought the Velvet Underground to national attention. Warhol managed the band led by Reed and John Cale and added Nico on vocals. The reality of their music inspired kids to form bands the way Elvis and Chuck Berry inspired earlier rockers. The Velvet Underground was called the most influential band to never have a hit.
6) He anticipated the Instagram and Snapchat trend of documenting one's personal life with photos by always carrying around a Polaroid camera and a tape recorder to document everything about his life.
5) He founded Interview magazine and turned the Q&A-style of interviews into something altogether new. He not only made interviews more conversational by rarely editing them, he pioneered the practice of having celebrities interview celebrities, generating insights many journalists were unable to attain, and making newspaper and magazine interviews more "buzzy."
4) He popularized video art as an accessible new medium that could be taken out of galleries and theaters and turned into installation art, exhibiting moving pictures in radical new contexts.
MORE: 1965 video art by Warhol and Paul Morrissey featuring Edie Sedgwick
3) He expanded the frontiers of conventional cinema and legitimized "underground film" as a genre, producing and directing more than 200 movies and 470 screen tests, including a 16mm passive portrait of Dylan. His work is defined by "impassivity and resistance to interpretation, inventive eroticism, plotless boredom and inordinate length (some up to 25 hours)."
MORE: Warhol celebrity screen tests
2) He endured police raids of his theatrical presentations of homo-erotic films and helped nurture a change in the perception of gay culture. When Warhol attended parties at the White House, hung out at Studio 54 with Liza Minnelli and Bianca Jagger, and set sales records for his art, homosexuality transformed from something hidden in urban culture into something cool.
1) He redefined the meaning of art with his invention of pop art. Warhol's success with exhibitions of Campbell's soup cans, Brillo Pads and photographs of horrific accidents showed that anything, from a portrait of Marilyn Monroe to animal excrement, could be considered art in the right context.
Read or Share this story: http://desert.sn/2oZGrdI
Stagecoach 2020 tickets go on sale Friday, July 19
Development of Desert Hot Springs depended on big dream
Palm Desert bar is building a comedy scene
Cat's claw acacia is in full bloom in the High Desert
Palm Springs Convention Center close to AEG management
We tried the Starbucks Tie Dye Frappuccino. Here's what it tastes like


If there's one thing that all kids love its fancy dress, and we at the Fancy Dress Store know that!! Hence the reason we have one of the Ireland's largest Kids/Children's fancy dress costume ranges. When it comes to boys costumes we have amazing morph suits in a variety of different colours, ninja costumes, cowboy and indian costumes, pirate costumes and so much more. Perhaps most popular among our boys costumes is our range of Boys Superhero Costumes from Batman to Spiderman to Superman its all here! We also have a comprehensive selection of Girls Costumes from angel and fairy costumes to princess and storybook costumes including Disney's Frozen Costumes. So whether your child is celebrating book day in school or a friends birthday party, Fancy Dress Store has everything you will need!


Stuffcool launched monty wireless In-ear headphone with neckband, a Bluetooth in-ear headphone is designed with neckband and magnetic ear heads for convenience and to carry it along like a necklace when not in use. The ergonomic design and adjustable support of ear heads make sure that the earphone fits properly inside your ears. In built mic in the headphone helps in making the calls hands-free.


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Efraín o Efraím es un nombre propio masculino de origen hebreo en su variante en español. Proviene del hebreo אֶפְרָיִם ('Ephráyim) y significa "Fructífero". Es un personaje bíblico del Antiguo Testamento, Efraín segundo hijo de José y hermano de Manasés.

Variantes
Efrén.
Femenino: Efraína, Efraíma.

Véase también
 Antroponimia
 Apellido
 Santoral

Bibliografía

Nombres hebreos
Nombres masculinos


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Because no book should be without it's early-60s Puffin edition, even if it was published in 2008. I adapted this from this cover of Little Women, from 1963.
If I were to try t cobble together a legitimate reason for doing this (it took a day! A day!) I guess I was thinking about how much fiction for young women has changed in the last century or so. But basically I'm just a Puffin geek.


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Frood Fouladvand (; born 26 November 1941) was an Iranian actor, film director, playwright, screenwriter, monarchist, and founder of the group Kingdom Assembly of Iran (API). He was known for his political activism and vocal opposition to the Iranian government, as well as his prolific film career in Iran and Egypt. He and two other API members disappeared in January 2007 near Yüksekova in Turkey near the Iran–Turkey border whilst on what was described by his supporters as a mission to "liberate" Iran. It is presumed that he was abducted by Iranian security forces.

Life before politics

Frood Fouladvand was born as Fathollah Manouchehri in the Lorestan Province of Iran. He belonged to the Fouladvand tribe, who are Bakhtiari Lurs. During the Imperial Era, he worked as a playwright, director, actor, screenwriter and voice dubber. Fouladvand enjoyed much domestic success in his roles, and was one of the important figures in the film dubbing industry. Fouladvand did all of his artistic work under his birth name, Fathollah Manouchehri.

On the advent of the Iranian Revolution, Fouladvand would leave Iran, going to Turkey, Egypt, Germany, and finally the United Kingdom, where he remained a resident until his disappearance. He would adopt the name Frood, as he felt it was more Iranian-sounding than Fathollah, which means "The Victory of Allah" in Arabic.

Political activities
Fouladvand was an advocate for the overthrow of the Iranian Government and a restoration of Monarchy in Iran. Ideologically, he was a proponent of secularism and was known for being a very harsh critic of Islam, viewing it as an anti-Iranian religion. He resided in the United Kingdom whilst he was politically active. He ran a satellite television show known as "Your TV" from London, which he used to support his cause for the overthrow of the Iranian government and restoration of the monarchy. On 17 June 2005 he and three other API members were arrested in several raids by armed police, and involving MI5, on suspicion of terrorism. According to a Section 298 (2) "Application for Forfeiture of Detained Cash" document, it was suspected that they were intending to illegally overthrow the Iranian government, by force if necessary. His supporters condemned the arrests and associated raid, claiming that police had tried to "silence" Fouladvand, and had "brutally assaulted" him and three of his supporters.

Kingdom Assembly of Iran

Kingdom Assembly of Iran () or API, also "The Monarchy Assembly Iran", "Soldiers of the Kingdom Assembly of Iran" or "Iran Monarchy Committee" (), is an Iranian exile monarchist opposition group which was founded Frood Fouladvand. It seeks to overthrow the Islamic Republic and restore the Iranian monarchy under a new dynasty. The group is currently banned in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It has a military wing called Tondar, a name which means 'thunder' in Persian. Iranian authorities have described it as a terrorist organisation. It is not on the US terrorist organization list.

One of API's more notable protests involved staging a sit-in on a Lufthansa flight from Frankfurt to protest the Iranian regime. On 13 March 2005, fifty-nine passengers on the flight refused to disembark upon arrival in Brussels, and a 13-hour sit-in ensued. Three passengers left voluntarily, and Belgian police eventually boarded and escorted the other fifty-six passengers off.

The ultimate aim of API however was to overthrow the Iranian Theocracy and restore a monarchy under a new dynasty. Fouladvand had stated that he intended to serve as Regent until someone he deemed embodied the Farr-e Kiani was found to sit on the throne. He had even go so far as to prepare a constitution for a new Imperial Iran.

Disappearance
Frood Fouladvand disappeared on 17 January 2007 along with two other API members,  Alexander Valizadeh and Nazem Schmidtt. According to API they were attempting to return to Iran in order to overthrow the Iranian regime. It is presumed that they were abducted by Iranian security forces in Yüksekova, Turkey and taken into custody of the Ministry of Intelligence. Their hired car was found with its windows smashed, wiring cut, and number plates removed. Amnesty International expressed concern that Fouladvand and his companions were "at risk of torture or other ill-treatment, and may even be sentenced to death". In 2007, a Kingdom Assembly of Iran spokesman stated that Fouladvand and two companions were "missing and believed murdered by Iranian intelligence". In a newsletter on 4 June 2008, the anti-capital punishment group, Hands Off Cain, raised concerns that Fouladvand either had been, or would soon be, executed by the Iranian government. The UK ambassador to Iran had spoken to the authorities in Tehran, but had not received any information as of  18 June 2008. Whilst some API members believed that he had been abducted and subsequently executed, others including his successor as leader, Djamshid Sharmahd, as late as 2010, still claimed that Fouladvand was actually in hiding, and undercover. Sharmahd was himself abducted on the orders of the Iranian government in 2020.

API continued to operate, and would claim responsibility for the bombing of a Mosque in Shiraz in 2008.

See also
Capital punishment in Iran
Iranian Nationalism
List of people who disappeared

References

1941 births
2000s missing person cases
Iranian monarchists
Missing people
Missing person cases in Turkey


text:
Belfast Chat »
£ 1million Belfast cannabis seizure by PSNI
Author Topic: £ 1million Belfast cannabis seizure by PSNI (Read 3597 times)
James James
"August 10 2018"
https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/1million-drugs-haul-found-in-belfast-two-arrested-37202959.html
"£1 million drugs haul found in Belfast - two arrested"
"A man and a woman have been arrested after a £1million cannabis haul was seized by police in Belfast."
"A 37-year-old woman in Stranmillis and a 48-year-old man in the Lisburn Road area were both arrested as part of an investigation into the supply of drugs in Northern Ireland on Thursday."
"The arrests were carried out after searches by the PSNI's Organised Crime Branch discovered cannabis with a street value of £1 million."
"The man and woman remain in policy custody."
Related news stories about the incident,...
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-45142631
https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/cannabis-discovered-during-terrorism-investigation-at-west-belfast-property-37201238.html
ExBuckfastdrinker
Re: £ 1million Belfast cannabis seizure by PSNI
Yes i see they are up in court today. The PSNI have wild ideas about the net worth of drugs seized. If thats a million pound worth of weed i'm Jeremy Corbyn.
The Guard Street Value Scene
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6i_XfgdNUUk
Am i missing something? Where is Jeremy Corbin mentioned?
Good for the police!
Love like you've never been hurt,
Dance like no one's watching,
Sing like no one can hear you.
jjmack
Well done the PSNI, great work. Keep this filth off our streets.
Wear your RED POPPY with PRIDE. Lest we forget. BUY BRITISH. Support the forces of LAW and ORDER, PAST and PRESENT. Justice for the BRITISH ARMY.
HarryHippo
Quote from: ExBuckfastdrinker on August 11, 2018, 03:35:56 PM
It was a £million worth of weed Jeremy.
Lux Et Veritas.
Bigali
Quote from: HarryHippo on August 11, 2018, 04:06:10 PM
Exactly , it never once said that what was pictured was a million pounds worth .
Support Soldier F Support Soldier B
The courageous deeds and sacrifices of the RUC and UDR must never be airbrushed from history .
Quote from: belle on August 11, 2018, 03:58:33 PM
Exactly. I rest my case. For now.
jillyfred
I apoligise. I completely mis-read your original post.
https://www.psni.police.uk/news/Latest-News/110818-pair-charged-over-1m-cannabis-seizure/
"Home... News & Appeals... Latest News... [11/08/18] Pair charged over £1m cannabis seizure"
"Pair charged over £1m cannabis seizure" "11 AUGUST 2018 BELFAST"
Quote,...
Two people have been charged with a number of offences following the seizure of a substantial quantity of cannabis during a proactive police operation in south Belfast earlier this week.
Detectives from PSNI's Organised Crime Branch seized more than £1m worth of the illegal class B drug and arrested a 37 year old woman in Stranmillis and a 48 year old man in the Lisburn Road area on Thursday, 9 August.
Speaking immediately after the operation Detective Inspector Pete Mullan said:
"These arrests and seizures are evidence of our ongoing commitment to disrupting the illegal supply of drugs in Northern Ireland."
"We are glad to have prevented these drugs reaching the streets and to essentially have taken £1million from the hands of organised criminals who profit from the misery of others."
The 37 year old woman and 48 year old man are due to appear at Belfast magistrates court this morning to face charges including possessing class B drugs, possessing class B drugs with intent to supply, conspiracy to supply class B drugs and possession of a false identity.
As is usual procedure the charges will be reviewed by the Public Prosecution Service (PPS).
Quote from: James James on August 11, 2018, 07:14:30 PM
Seems the PSNI dont know how much they seized. One says over one million then they later say they have taken 1 million off the streets. Then the PSNI chap with the bum fluff beard and tash says "We are glad to have prevented these drugs reaching the streets and to essentially have taken £1million from the hands of organised criminals who profit from the misery of others."
So what other drugs did they seize as it was only cannabis in the article.
stickleback
The value of the seizure is almost secondary.
Most people know that the cops always price a seizure on it's street value, not on what the dealer buys it for or what it's worth at production level.
'We are glad to have prevented these drugs reaching the streets and to essentially have taken £1million from the hands of organised criminals who profit from the misery of others."
There is a much more simple and effective way of taking profits out of the hands of criminal gangs, which is to legalise it and to use the money raised for detox, rehab and hospitalisations, not to mention drug education and support facilities. How much longer will society sit back with folded arms whilst society burns ? That means burglary, armed robbery and murder in many cases, or something so seemingly insignificant as a stranger dying alone in a bin-chute covered in rain. Not to mention the exhorbitant costs involved in locking up those employed in the 'industry', border patrols etc. I don't personally hold out much hope that society will wake up to the truth in the next decade, maybe two, but it certainly will one day, once those who have never been exposed to drugs have passed away. When it happens, and it will, you can rest assured the days when we put drug profits into the hands of organised crime will well and truly be behind us. There is a very simple truth underlying this: the police are losing the war on an epic scale. They simply don't have the resources and they never will have the border resources to patrol a coastline the size of the British Isles or sufficient staff to police all airports. Nevermind the homegrown weed industry. Drug dealing is now a major industry in most British cities. It is estimated that you can order drugs, any drug, on a door to door delivery, quicker than a pizza. An industry which is worth over several billion pounds per annum and not a penny paid in tax.
Who cares ? Is it not enough that a large quantity of potentially damaging illegal drugs have been taken out of circulation without looking for a conspiracy theory ?
Quote from: Bigali on August 14, 2018, 03:04:12 PM
Hear hear, who cares indeed ? The important thing is that this gateway drug is kept of the streets of Northern Ireland.
Creaky
Why do you ask that question? Like you say, the article is only about Cannabis.
Love will always change to sorrow, but everyone must play the game. We're here today and gone tomorrow, but the world goes on the same.


text:
Micropolycope triangulata is een mosselkreeftjessoort uit de familie van de Polycopidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1983 door Chavtur.

Polycopidae


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Of course we believe that Roboteq products are the finest robotics and automation solution products on the market. But you don't have to take our word for it. On our Applications Blog page we share stories about applications and innovations incorporating Roboteq products. From most straight forward to the nearly unimaginable, Roboteq is constantly finding new ways to develop solutions and innovate using Roboteq products. Take a look!
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Foxhole Village lies about a mile south of Nanpean, 3 miles northwest of St. Austell in Mid Cornwall.
There is a great choice of cottages for rent in the local area. Take a look at the beautiful cottages in St. Austell, Charlestown, Truro and St Columb Major.
In the vicinity is a choice of camping and caravan sites offering high quality, affordable holiday accommodation. Consider camps in St Austell, Mevagissey, Bodmin Moor and Fowey.


text:
United States History I
Chapter 2: Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 1492-1650
Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World
Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of Spain's empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture
Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European expansion across the Atlantic. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of globalization, in which previously isolated groups—Africans, Native Americans, and Europeans—first came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous results.
PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION
Portugal's Prince Henry the Navigator spearheaded his country's exploration of Africa and the Atlantic in the 1400s. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nation's trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
Portuguese mariners built an Atlantic empire by colonizing the Canary, Cape Verde, and Azores Islands, as well as the island of Madeira. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. It also established trading posts in China and Japan. While the Portuguese didn't rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s.
The travels of Portuguese traders to western Africa introduced them to the African slave trade, already brisk among African states. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers.
Elmina Castle
In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called São Jorge da Mina, or Saint George's of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa. A fortified trading post, it had mounted cannons facing out to sea, not inland toward continental Africa; the Portuguese had greater fear of a naval attack from other Europeans than of a land attack from Africans. Portuguese traders soon began to settle around the fort and established the town of Elmina.
Elmina Castle on the west coast of Ghana was used as a holding pen for slaves before they were brought across the Atlantic and sold. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637.
Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. Slaves lived in the dungeon for weeks or months until ships arrived to transport them to Europe or the Americas. For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country.
SPANISH EXPLORATION AND CONQUEST
The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. Thousands of Spaniards flocked to the Americas seeking wealth and status. The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernán Cortés, and Francisco Pizarro.
The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469 unified Catholic Spain and began the process of building a nation that could compete for worldwide power. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield.
Their goals were to expand Catholicism and to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal. To those ends, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored extensive Atlantic exploration. Spain's most famous explorer, Christopher Columbus, was actually from Genoa, Italy. He believed that, using calculations based on other mariners' journeys, he could chart a westward route to India, which could be used to expand European trade and spread Christianity. Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. All those he petitioned—including Ferdinand and Isabella at first—rebuffed him; their nautical experts all concurred that Columbus's estimates of the width of the Atlantic Ocean were far too low. However, after three years of entreaties, and, more important, the completion of the Reconquista, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance Columbus's expedition in 1492, supplying him with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act.
This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). Note the various fanciful elements, such as the large-scale ships and sea creatures, and consider what the creator of this map hoped to convey. In addition to navigation, what purpose would such a map have served?
Columbus held erroneous views that shaped his thinking about what he would encounter as he sailed west. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. On October 12, 1492, however, he made landfall on an island in the Bahamas. He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti). Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Taínos he found there "Indios," giving rise to the term "Indian" for any native people of the New World. Upon Columbus's return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam.
Columbus's 1493 letter—or probanza de mérito (proof of merit)—describing his "discovery" of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. Probanzas de méritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. Today they highlight the difficult task of historical work; while the letters are primary sources, historians need to understand the context and the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. While they are filled with distortions and fabrications, probanzas de méritos are still useful in illustrating the expectation of wealth among the explorers as well as their view that native peoples would not pose a serious obstacle to colonization.
In 1493, Columbus sent two copies of a probanza de mérito to the Spanish king and queen and their minister of finance, Luis de Santángel. Santángel had supported Columbus's voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had "discovered." Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spain's first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. Many other Europeans followed in Columbus's footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. Unlike Columbus, he realized that the Americas were not part of Asia but lands unknown to Europeans. Vespucci's widely published accounts of his voyages fueled speculation and intense interest in the New World among Europeans. Among those who read Vespucci's reports was the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller. Using the explorer's first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached "America" to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck.
Columbus's Probanza de mérito of 1493
The exploits of the most famous Spanish explorers have provided Western civilization with a narrative of European supremacy and Indian savagery. However, these stories are based on the self-aggrandizing efforts of conquistadors to secure royal favor through the writing of probanzas de méritos (proofs of merit). Below are excerpts from Columbus's 1493 letter to Luis de Santángel, which illustrates how fantastic reports from European explorers gave rise to many myths surrounding the Spanish conquest and the New World.
This island, like all the others, is most extensive. It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendom—and many fine, large, flowing rivers. The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. . . . There is honey, and there are many kinds of birds, and a great variety of fruits. Inland there are numerous mines of metals and innumerable people. Hispaniola is a marvel. Its hills and mountains, fine plains and open country, are rich and fertile for planting and for pasturage, and for building towns and villages. The seaports there are incredibly fine, as also the magnificent rivers, most of which bear gold. The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. There are many spices and vast mines of gold and other metals in this island. They have no iron, nor steel, nor weapons, nor are they fit for them, because although they are well-made men of commanding stature, they appear extraordinarily timid. The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. Often I have sent two or three men ashore to some town to converse with them, and the natives came out in great numbers, and as soon as they saw our men arrive, fled without a moment's delay although I protected them from all injury.
What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time?
The 1492 Columbus landfall accelerated the rivalry between Spain and Portugal, and the two powers vied for domination through the acquisition of new lands. In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. Seeking to ensure that Columbus's finds would remain Spanish, Spain's monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spain's Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. Hoping to salvage Portugal's Atlantic holdings, King João II began negotiations with Spain. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America; Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil.
This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographer's interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. The map shows areas of Portuguese and Spanish exploration, the two nations' claims under the Treaty of Tordesillas, and a variety of flora, fauna, figures, and structures. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century?
Columbus's discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. Hernán Cortés hoped to gain hereditary privilege for his family, tribute payments and labor from natives, and an annual pension for his service to the crown. Cortés arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and took part in the conquest of that island. In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Cortés later explored the Yucatán Peninsula. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitlán, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. He and his men were astonished by the incredibly sophisticated causeways, gardens, and temples in the city, but they were horrified by the practice of human sacrifice that was part of the Aztec religion. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers.
Hoping to gain power over the city, Cortés took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. This angered the people of Tenochtitlán, who rose up against the interlopers in their city. Cortés and his people fled for their lives, running down one of Tenochtitlán's causeways to safety on the shore. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Cortés slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitlán, which they did by laying siege to the city. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitlán. In August 1521, having successfully fomented civil war as well as fended off rival Spanish explorers, Cortés claimed Tenochtitlán for Spain and renamed it Mexico City.
The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. However, the reality is far more complex. When Cortés explored central Mexico, he encountered a region simmering with native conflict. Far from being unified and content under Aztec rule, many peoples in Mexico resented it and were ready to rebel. One group in particular, the Tlaxcalan, threw their lot in with the Spanish, providing as many as 200,000 fighters in the siege of Tenochtitlán. The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitlán, playing a much greater role in the city's demise than did Spanish force of arms.
Cortés was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doña Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. Malintzin translated for Cortés in his dealings with Moctezuma and, whether willingly or under pressure, entered into a physical relationship with him. Their son, Martín, may have been the first mestizo (person of mixed indigenous American and European descent). Malintzin remains a controversial figure in the history of the Atlantic World; some people view her as a traitor because she helped Cortés conquer the Aztecs, while others see her as a victim of European expansion. In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. Without her, Cortés would not have been able to communicate, and without the language bridge, he surely would have been less successful in destabilizing the Aztec Empire. By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas.
Spain's acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. One such explorer, Francisco Pizarro, made his way to the Spanish Caribbean in 1509, drawn by the promise of wealth and titles. He participated in successful expeditions in Panama before following rumors of Inca wealth to the south. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. In 1533, Pizarro founded Lima, Peru. Like Cortés, Pizarro had to combat not only the natives of the new worlds he was conquering, but also competitors from his own country; a Spanish rival assassinated him in 1541.
Spain's drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Cortés and Pizarro. Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarro's conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. He and his followers explored what is now Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas. Everywhere they traveled, they brought European diseases, which claimed thousands of native lives as well as the lives of the explorers. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver.
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado was born into a noble family and went to Mexico, then called New Spain, in 1535. He presided as governor over the province of Nueva Galicia, where he heard rumors of wealth to the north: a golden city called Quivira. Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States. During the winter of 1540–41, the explorers waged war against the Tiwa in present-day New Mexico. Rather than leading to the discovery of gold and silver, however, the expedition simply left Coronado bankrupt.
This map traces Coronado's path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be "discovered": rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. (credit: modification of work by National Park Service)
THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE
Explore the collection at The Cervantes Project for images, complete texts, and other resources relating to Cervantes's works.
Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velázquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. Velázquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (he's shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene.
Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velázquez in 1656, is unique for its time because it places the viewer in the place of King Philip IV and his wife, Queen Mariana.
The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. In Spain, gold and silver from the Americas helped to fuel a golden age, the Siglo de Oro, when Spanish art and literature flourished. Riches poured in from the colonies, and new ideas poured in from other countries and new lands. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. One of this period's most famous works is the novel The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain.
Section Summary
Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. Spurred by Christopher Columbus's glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. As Spain's empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature.
Why did the authors of probanzas de méritos choose to write in the way that they did? What should we consider when we interpret these documents today?
Answers to Critical Thinking Questions
Probanzas de méritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. The Spanish explorers hoped to find cities of gold, so they made their discoveries sound as wonderful as possible in these letters to convince the Spanish crown to fund more voyages. When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value.
Hispaniola the island in the Caribbean, present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic, where Columbus first landed and established a Spanish colony
probanza de mérito proof of merit: a letter written by a Spanish explorer to the crown to gain royal patronage
Licenses and Attributions
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US History. Authored by: P. Scott Corbett, Volker Janssen, John M. Lund, Todd Pfannestiel, Paul Vickery, and Sylvie Waskiewicz. Provided by: OpenStax College. Located at: http://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/us-history. License: CC BY: Attribution. License Terms: Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11740/latest/


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1st Street (Rosepine), at the intersection of 1st Street and Hwy 1146, will be closed on Thursday, February 4th from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. The Vernon Parish Police Jury will be replacing culverts if weather permits.
Anyone living on this road should make the necessary arrangements. We apologize for any inconvenience and thank you for your cooperation.


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Dow Swings Higher After ISM Data
The index was down more than 150 points earlier
Karee Venema
NYSE:XL
NASDAQ:DERM
NYSE:SQ
INDEXDJX:DJI
The ISM non-manufacturing index held near a 10-year high in February
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJI) was down more than 150 points at its session low, but has since erased these earlier losses at it looks to avoid a fifth straight drop -- which would mark its longest daily losing streak since last March. Traders have been spooked by concerns over a potential trade war, with recent tweets from President Donald Trump only adding to the uncertainty. However, bargain hunters may be swooping in after last week's massive decline, while a relatively upbeat reading on the Institute for Supply Management's (ISM) non-manufacturing index -- which held near a 10-year high last month -- could also be lifting investors' moods.
Continue reading for more on today's market, including:
The drug stock on track for its best day ever.
2 reasons to buy Monster Beverage stock, according to Deutsche Bank.
Plus, Square bulls eye a round-number breakout; a biotech at new lows; and a $15.6 billion buyout in the insurance sector.
Among the list of stocks with unusual options volume today is Square Inc (NYSE:SQ), with roughly 49,000 calls on the tape -- triple the expected intraday amount -- compared to just 13,000 puts. The March and April 50 calls are most active, and it looks like new positions are being purchased here. SQ stock was last seen up 6.1% at $48.85, and earlier touched a record high of $49.97.
Dermira Inc (NASDAQ:DERM) is the biggest decliner on the Nasdaq so far, after the drugmaker said it was suspending the development of its acne drug following a pair of failed late-stage studies. The news was met with a round of bearish brokerage notes, with DERM stock down 62.4% to trade at $9.47 -- fresh off a record low of $9.21.
XL Group Ltd. (NYSE:XL) is the biggest gainer on the New York Stock Exchange, after French insurance firm AXA said it would buy the Bermuda-based company for $15.3 billion, or $57.60 per XL share. At last check, XL stock was up 29% to trade at $55.90.


India is a partner in ITER and plans to test its lead lithium ceramic blanket test blanket module. This component is embedded with a large number of cooling channels of different profiles and, therefore, is a challenging component to fabricate. Cooling channel reconstruction by employing high-power laser welding provides a promising scheme to fabricate this component. Cooling channel reconstruction was demonstrated in American Society for Testing and Materials A387 Gr91 steel using high-power CO2 laser welding. A scheme for fabrication of scale models of different subcomponents, like the first wall (FW) and inner back plate, and assembly of the two subcomponents employing the cooling channel reconstruction scheme was demonstrated. The steady-state temperature field around the weld joint was computed using the welding and heat treatment simulation solution package SYSWELD. These weld joints were characterized for microstructure at different length scales, microhardness, and room-temperature tensile properties. This paper presents the scheme used for cooling channel reconstruction and the results of the weld joint characterization. The scheme for fabrication of the scale model of the FW, the inner back plate, and joining of the two subcomponents using the cooling channel reconstruction approach is also described in this paper.