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TeamTrak is coming 2023
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New Arena Concept: Velodromes!
23 Jun New Arena Concept: Velodromes!
Posted at 02:18h in Featured, National Velodrome, News, Press by David Chauner
By: David Chauner, WCL CEO
Historically, indoor velodromes have been built primarily to stage major international cycling events like the Olympics and Pan American Games. But there are many communities around the country where increased interest in cycling is stimulating a closer look at the value and economics of building indoor velodromes as year round focal points for cycling.
Unfortunately, the stringent specifications required by the UCI (world governing body of cycling) for building velodromes to "Olympic standards" rarely address the importance of creating programming to sustain ongoing operations and regularly fill seats with spectators.
The National Velodrome at Albright College being developed in Reading, PA by our new World Cycling League, has the solution. Through several years of research and near miss experiences, we have identified what we believe are the five key elements for creating and operating a successful indoor velodrome we define as "A modest sized (2500 permanent seats) multi-use arena with cycling as its anchor activity."
1. Smaller is better. Since we won't be staging the Olympics or World Championships anytime soon, we elected to build a 200 meter velodrome instead of an "Olympic standard" 250. Smaller track means smaller building, less land, a more intimate spectator experience and about 30% reduction in overall cost. In fact, go figure, the UCI's World HQ velodrome in Aigle, Switzerland is 200 meters, refuting its own standard.
2. Form follows function. The three most important considerations for a proper indoor velodrome are a clear span ceiling, tunnel access to the infield and seating site lines that take into account the steepness of the banking (generally around 45º in the turns). Everything else from locker rooms to concession stands and all other interior amenities can be more or less elaborate based upon budget. There are several attractive, practical building design options including pre-engineered steel buildings and air supported "bubbles". Unless you have an Olympic budget, forget the architectural masterpiece.
3. Multi-use. The infield of a 200 meter velodrome is about 25,000 square feet. It's the perfect size for all kinds of non-mainstream sports events, concerts and public gatherings. Arena football, box lacrosse, World Team Tennis and minor league basketball are just some of the sports that fit well. The velodrome's natural bowl offers great atmosphere and temporary infield seating around a court or stage can boost capacity to near 4000. Drop down netting allows training on the track while ball sports are practiced simultaneously in the infield. Large arenas typically go dark when a big event isn't happening. The beauty of our design is its usefulness for training during those many non-primetime hours in the week when there is no ticketed event.
4. Community endorsement. Not every city or town wants a velodrome. We have discovered that most interest comes from "B" markets and suburban towns where there is a need for a small multi-purpose arena that offers a local entertainment alternative to big league events and big league prices. We looked at three locations in the cycling friendly Philadelphia area and decided on Reading largely because the community is committed to new, innovative ideas. Ours fits: Greater Reading has a history of top level cycling events, mountain bike trails, great country roads, media support and a desire to create unique destination attractions. Add amazing vision and some unused property offered by Albright College and we have a perfect partnership that local politicians, businesses and the public happily supports. And with a projected Investor Rate of Return of over 20%, the $25 million price tag offers community stakeholders with a project that "does good and does well". Plus Greater Reading, coupled with the highly successful Valley Preferred Cycling Center summer program in nearby Trexlertown, will have the unique and proud distinction of being the American epicenter for track cycling.
5. Anchor programming. Sorry to say that "If you build it, they will come" is a fantasy that does not apply, particularly when the goal is to attract investors, sponsors and paying fans, the lifeblood of any successful facility. This is where the World Cycling League comes in. We formed the WCL and created its TeamTrak® format, in part, to provide what track cycling lacks and what we believe today's sports fan wants: 1) hometown teams to cheer for, 2) a consistent, fan friendly format that is exciting to watch and easy to understand, 3) a clearly defined season with team scoring that leads to playoffs and championships, 4) gender parity with an equal number of male and female riders per team, 5) state-of-the-art technology and livestreaming to boost fan engagement and 6) top quality international athletes who race hard and ride clean.
The WCL's twelve tournament season between October and March is the facility's anchor. The forty-eight WCL athletes who reside during the season will coach development programs. Track training and club time will be scheduled for all ages and abilities. Albright's soon to be formed cycling program will have a headquarters and the broader cycling community will be able to book the facility for special events and maybe even an occasional UCI event. The cash register rings even louder from additional revenue provided by non-cycling events, collegiate activities, a full service bar/restaurant and leased retail space for related businesses.
And best of all, the National Velodrome at Albright College is a facility that can and should be duplicated in communities around the U.S. Take heed New Haven, Madison, Boulder, Cleveland, Minneapolis, Frisco and others. There is a viable and adaptable business model for an entertainment arena anchored by cycling.
For more information on the WCL and National Velodrome at Albright College: www.worldcyclingleague.com
For questions email info@worldcyclingleague.com
Velodrome Moves Closer To Reality In Chester County, PA April 19, 2021
Interview with Bruce Hernandez, first Founders Circle Donor and Newest VDF Director March 28, 2021
Interview with Kathryn Bertine, Founder of the Homestretch Foundation, Author of STAND and TeamTrak's Newest Advisor February 22, 2021
National Velodrome Gains Site Approval in Suburban Philadelphia September 23, 2020
Interview with Gabby Roe, Founder of Maestroe Sports and Entertainment and TeamTrak's Newest Partner August 18, 2020
Velodrome Development Foundation Adds New Director December 11, 2019
The Visionary Behind The Velodrome Development Foundation December 11, 2019
Interview With The Thunder From Down Under November 6, 2019
Interview With Rick Mayer, WCL's First Major Investor November 6, 2019
Can Cycling Make It As An Exciting Spectator Sport? October 1, 2019
TeamTrak's Ten Guiding Principles July 30, 2019
New Growth Opportunity: Indoor Velodromes June 30, 2019
Changes Coming to Track Cycling June 30, 2019
Through My Eyes: World Cycling League TeamTrak Premier May 27, 2019
Rapha Roadmap: Right Direction, Missed Turn May 27, 2019
worldcyclinglimited.com
velodromefoundation.org
Copyright World Cycling Limited 2023. All Rights Reserved.


Today's books: Housemaids and housemates.
In this Christian historical romance set in the Gilded Age, Clara Carter's father insists that she marry New York's most eligible bachelor, the De Vries heir. When Franklin De Vries and his brother return early from Europe, Clara receives a crash course in etiquette and appearances, only to discover that she may not want what her family wants for her.
Told from the perspective of a housemaid, this Christian historical romance set in the Gilded Age goes behind the scenes at Biltmore Estate. Tillie Reese is thrilled to work at the largest private home in the country and aspires to become a lady's maid, but an attractive footman may get in the way.
Though readers may think they are familiar with Longbourn and the Bennet family, Jo Baker's retelling of PRIDE AND PREJUDICE shares an entirely new story. Told from the perspective of housemaid Sarah, Longbourn goes behind the scenes to explore class issues.
More than just a retelling of PRIDE AND PREJUDICE, this novelization is an adaptation of an adaptation (wrap your head around that!). For viewers who just couldn't get enough of The Lizzie Bennet Diaries, Bernie Su and Vlog Brother Hank Green's Emmy Award winning YouTube series, The Secret Diaries of Lizzie Bennet reveals more about Lizzie's adventures in grad school, at home with her two sisters, and at Pemberley Digital.
John Green, the second half of the YouTube's Vlog Brothers, based this tale of teen cancer and love in part on the experiences of real life cancer patient Esther Earl. In THE FAULT IN OUR STARS (which takes its title from William Shakespeare's JULIUS CAESAR), Sixteen year old Hazel attends a cancer support group where she meets Augustus Waters, a fellow cancer patient who will change her life forever.
One of William Shakespeare's most popular comedies, A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM describes a series of mishaps during a night in an enchanted forest. Hermia's father insists that she marry Demetrius even though she loves Lysander. Her best friend Helena, meanwhile, loves Demetrius with all her heart and is crushed that he has rejected her. When mischievous fairies interfere, hilarious chaos ensues.


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Franz Schreker "Nachtstück" from the opera "Der ferne Klang"
Arnold Schönberg "Pelleas und Melisande"
Wiesbaden is a true Art Nouveau city and the beautiful Friedrich-von-Thiersch Hall in the Kurhaus is an excellent example of the architecture of this stylistic era at the turn of the 19th/20th century. Art Nouveau celebrated the natural cycles of nature: curved lines, decorative ornamentations of plant and animal motifs adorn the artworks and furniture designs of the time. The artists of the Art Nouveau also took their inspiration from the courtly knight's tales of the Middle Ages, to which the story of Pelleas and Melisande - one which has been set to music by various composers - also belongs.
The final concert of the symphony season is once again conducted by GMD Patrick Lange and focuses on Arnold Schönberg's Pelleas composition, one of the last works form the composer's tonal period. The concert also marks the opening of Wiesbaden Museum's 2019 Art Nouveau year, on the occasion of the opening of its Art Nouveau exhibition.


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Neither Washington nor Moscow: those were the days
Submitted by Matthew on 16 May, 2012 - 8:42
We continue our series of recollections and reflections from activists who were involved with the "third camp" left in the United States — those "unorthodox" Trotskyists who believed that the Soviet Union was not a "workers' state" (albeit a "degenerated" one), but an exploitative form of class rule to be as opposed as much as capitalism. This week, we publish contributions from people of two generations, David Finkel, who is now an editor of the Against the Current magazine in the US, and Marty Oppenheimer, who has been active in developing radical sociology.
They organised under the slogan "neither Washington nor Moscow".
Workers' Liberty has, over a number of decades, attempted to rediscover and re-examine the tradition of "third camp" socialism, and attempted to learn from it. This symposium brings together the reflections of activists from both the "first generation" of third camp organisations — the Workers Party, which split from the American SWP in 1940 and became the Independent Socialist League in 1949, before entering the reformist Socialist Party of America in 1957 and dissolving — and the "second generation" — the Independent Socialist Clubs of America (founded in 1967 as a federation of loose third camp groupings on various college campuses which were founded some years earlier), and later the International Socialists (founded in 1968).
Longer versions of the contributions will be available to read online here.
Daniel Randall
David Finkel is an editor of Against the Current magazine, published by Solidarity. This contribution represents his personal view.
I'm writing here, in my personal capacity, as a proud supporter of the third camp socialist tradition, but let me first share the results of some original research I've carried out to prepare this contribution: I consulted a calendar, and discovered that the current year is not 1942, or 1952 or 1962, or even 1982.
In the year 2012, we should not expect the theories, slogans and perspectives of socialists who confronted World War II, the Korean War, the Cuban missile crisis, Vietnam or Polish Solidarnosc to deal adequately with the world twenty years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and with capitalism both triumphant and in deep global crisis.
That goes both ways, of course. If we're going to assess the legacy of those who struggled within a labor movement and a left polarised between pro-Western and Stalinist-oriented forces, it's important to put ourselves into their world, not to posture as if the questions of the 1950s were identical to those we face now.
Third camp socialism arose (from a split within the Trotskyist movement) as a call for an independent "camp" of the international working class and oppressed nations, counterposed first to the imperialist camps of World War II and subsequently to the capitalist and Stalinist ("bureaucratic collectivist") systems that divided and sought to rule the postwar world.
It is clear in retrospect — but was not at all evident at the height of the Cold War — that the struggle between the two rival social systems was a very uneven one. Despite its monstrous totalitarian power over its citizens and subjects, the bureaucratic system was a debacle in meeting the basic needs of its population — and when as in 1970s Poland it turned to western financing to meet consumer demands, its inherent economic failings rapidly brought it into terminal crisis. Even if the leading publicists and polemicists of third camp socialism, particularly Max Shachtman, may not have fully understood this imbalance, the overriding strength of the tradition lay not only in its principled rejection of capitalism or Stalinism as "lesser evil" or "progressive" relative to each other, but in its unconditional support of democratic and liberation struggles, both in their own right and as critically important pre-conditions of the struggle for a socialist future.
I joined SDS in 1965-66 at the University of Chicago, where the chapter was heavily influenced by third camp ideas.
Through this connection, I was able to escape the blandishments of Castroism and Maoism — while along with a generation of new radicals, I learned from the Vietnam war just how bloodthirsty liberal imperialists in power could be.
When SDS imploded in 1969, some of us gravitated to the newly formed International Socialists (IS). During its organisational life from 1969 until our merger in 1986 into a new organisation, Solidarity, the IS maintained the principles at the core of the "third camp" — working class loyalty, and democratic values. In particular, these principles undergirded our commitment to a rank-and-file, working-class perspective, helping give rise to some important initiatives most notably in the Teamsters' union.
This is not to claim we were alone in building struggles within the unions — quite the contrary, numerous political tendencies threw their energies into the workers' movement, and many did outstanding work there. What I believe we can proudly say — even though we were by no means immune to inflated ultra-left expectations of imminent "mass radicalisation," or delusions of how large and strong our organisation would soon become — is that the IS didn't ask our comrades in the unions to subordinate the interests of their rank-and-file organising, and their loyalty to their fellow workers, to the perceived needs of some get-rich-quick "party-building" scheme.
What's equally important, if the IS "apparatus" had ever made such demands on our members in rank-and-file work, they would have told the leadership in no uncertain terms where to get off. As an inexperienced organisation we had plenty of mistakes, failures and missed opportunities, but we had no leadership cults or worship of some mythical socialist motherland.
Like many of our predecessors in the third camp socialist movement and the broader left, the IS suffered and declined with the defeat of a wave of working class militancy (in our case, the defeats of the later 1970s and the onset of the Reagan regime). By the mid-1980s we concluded, from our own experience and from the rapid changes in the world both positive and negative, that maintaining an organisation around our own or any other particular theory of the degeneration of the Russian Revolution was no longer fruitful or even viable.
We were not alone on the left, of course, in our rethinking. While a great portion of former "Marxist-Leninist" currents opted for variants of left reformism, the IS found itself in convergence with comrades coming from Fourth Internationalist or socialist-feminist experiences. This "regroupment" led to the formation of Solidarity in 1986.
The third camp socialist tradition, in my view, has played a critical role in maintaining a vision of socialism-from-below rooted in working class self-emancipation and the fullest extension of democracy — the same principles that guided the work of Marx, Engels and Luxemburg.
At the same time, the calendar I mentioned before tells me that the politics of socialism-from-below are no longer uniquely embedded in the classic third camp formula of "Neither Washington Nor Moscow."
The third camp left in 1957
The following are extracts from the diary of Marty Oppenheimer, reproduced with the author's permission.
Marty Oppenheimer joined the Young Socialist League (YSL), the informal youth group of the Independent Socialist League (ISL — formerly the Workers Party), in 1956 while at graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia).
He chaired the Philadelphia "Third Camp Contact Committee", later the Third Camp Forum, in 1957.
Following the ISL's entry into the Socialist Party (SP), Marty was a member of the SP's National Committee but resigned when the SP failed to take a clear position against the Vietnam War.
He was active in the civil rights movement, and since 1970 has been involved in the development of radical sociology caucuses and the publication Critical Sociology (formerly The Insurgent Sociologist).
Just returned from N.Y. and partying including a YSL party. (I am a member now.)… We have YSL social-educationals every other week; I am Phila. Chairman of the Third Camp Contact Committee, a radical and pacifist education group; negotiations on several levels are under way for discussions with the Stalinists and their new pop front line; … [MO — I was in grad school at U of Pa at this time (sociology) and working part time for the Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors downtown, although I am not and was not a pacifist.]
…as for politics, we continue active but without much progress. The premature organisation by A.J. Muste of the American Forum on the one hand and Shachtman's orientation towards the S.P. on the other serves to bisect the movement into a pro-American and a pro-Russian section, with the rest of us left still a sect.
The YSL convention which will approve Shachtman's ideas is going to leave us third campers and the libertarians in a very weak condition. The Hungarian revolution and the Krushchev revelations have had a tremendous impact on not only the Stalinist movement but also on apathetic ex-radicals. And still the era of sects is not yet over!… Joe McCarthy has died since [last January].
I returned from my vacation after a good week at the YSL camp [in Washington, NJ, at a camp owned by and leased to us by the SWP] to find a beehive of activity in Phila: The Trotskyist youth are organizing "Young Socialist Clubs" all over the place, plus a monthly newspaper. Their Phila. version is broader, however, and for the time being more Stalinoid in coloration. We are participating, also organizing a democratic-socialist group, the "New Left Club".
The third camp Forum (a symptomatic change) will also be busy, but I have stepped down from the chairmanship of that. Meanwhile Howard Fast and Joe Clark have resigned from the CP and their counter-numbers in England are out with a slew of new publications, including Peter Fryer's Newsletter (expelled for writing The Hungarian Tragedy) and a New Reasoner (expelled for publishing it within the CPGB); also a British version of Dissent, Universities and Left Review.
Here too things are buzzing and we are talking to many people we didn't realise existed a year ago. Unity with the SP-SDF is still far off…
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The Third Camp traditionSolidarity 246, 16 May 2012USA/Canada

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Enjoy my day by day adventure backpacking with other young professionals through Red Canyon, Bryce Canyon, Grand Canyon and Zion National Park. Some of us knew most of the group while others only had one or two friends to start the trip. We met in Las Vegas and quickly realized it was going to be a spectacular trip with great people. We finished the journey with an amazing stay at a cabin known as True North that lay just inside the borders of Zion National Park.
Enjoy the pictures by clicking on them for a full screen HD view.
Once you read through all of them let me know which park was your favorite!


If you are searching for a property to add to your investment portfolio, don't let this one pass you by. This three bedroom home is currently rented for $200 per week with a lease in place till March 2019. - Features include: - - 3 Bedrooms with a ceiling fan in the master - - Lounge room with a ceiling fan - - Kitchen with a dining area at one end - - Internal laundry - - Bathroom - Please call Grant Jupe from Raine & Horne Muswellbrook on 6543 2333 for an appointment or further information. - This property is a Bungalow for sale.
Looking for a Property in Muswellbrook? Want to sell or rent your Muswellbrook Property? Mondinion.com lists thousands of categorized Real Estate Listings including property sales, property rentals & vacation rentals. Our free Real Estate Portal & Directory, have a specific section for Muswellbrook, New South Wales, Australia Real Estate Listings & Property Ads. You will find here: Properties in Muswellbrook, Properties for Sale in Muswellbrook and Muswellbrook Rentals.
If you have a specific need for Muswellbrook real estate you can filter the listings below by selecting number of bedrooms, bathrooms, property types, options, price and more.


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Back to Food Reviews
Quiessence
With a new-ish chef and sharper service, the legendary farm-to-table restaurant remains a Phoenix date-night classic.
Call me a Valentine's Day Grinch, but nothing in the world could induce me to dine out on February 14, sitting cheek-by-jowl with a flock of other lovebirds and eating from the same banal prix fixe menu. However, when I do heed the siren call of romance on less hyperbolic days of the year, the first place that comes to mind is Quiessence.
Tucked away on The Farm at South Mountain – a 10-acre food lovers' oasis in South Phoenix – the Q has exuded romance since it opened 20 years ago. A farm-to-table restaurant with its own garden just steps from the kitchen, it's peaceful and pastoral, the kind of place where a couple might take a pre-dinner stroll through the pecan grove, mosey over to the garden to check out the vegetables, herbs and flowers, sip herb-laced craft cocktails on the patio or have a lovers' tête-á-tête under the flagstone-floored arbor, where a single table, positioned next to a wood-burning brick oven, is easily the most romantic table in town.
No doubt, Quiessence is transportive and magical. It also underwent a modest refurbishment recently, and changed chefs a few years back, so a revisit – and reassessment – feels apt.
The restaurant achieved its greatest notoriety, arguably, in the late 2000s under star chefs Greg LaPrad (who left to open the late Overland Trout in Sonoita) and Tony Andiario (who later served as Chris Bianco's right hand at Tratto). The duo decamped in 2013, part of a general makeover by owner Pat Christofolo, who – after years of catering weddings at The Farm and operating its other restaurants (Farmhouse Kitchen, Morning Glory Café) – bought the property in toto. Under her dominion, the shaggy-at-the-edges old farm is lovelier than ever, but it's at Quiessence that her fine-tuning is most acutely felt. Her son, co-owner Dustin Christofolo, now runs the kitchen as executive chef, and the restaurant presents a warmer, more welcoming mien. It also boasts sharper, better-informed service and a stronger, more sophisticated wine list, courtesy of Alison Sponberg, a Level 2 sommelier whose Old World-heavy book offers a great selection of Burgundies.
In other words, it has the polish and refinement you'd expect from a do-it-up destination restaurant charging more than 40 bucks per entree.
Christofolo the younger has made the menu his own since taking over the kitchen, but his focus bears the same DNA as his predecessors: house-made breads and pastas, charcuterie, Arizona meats and just-picked produce, all given a light Italian accent.
Customers may order à la carte or select one of two seasonal tasting menus: the five-course ($45; $85 with wine pairing) or the six-course ($55; $95 with wine pairing). Just as with Japanese omakase, courses for each tasting menu are the chef's choice.
The first thing to arrive at our table, beautifully set with white linens, heavy silver, glowing votive candles and flowers from the garden, is a diminutive bread tin containing crunchy, house-baked ciabatta and light, spongy focaccia, the latter topped with a tangle of caramelized onions. A compound butter made of parsley, shallots and calendula flowers – striated in shades of pale orange and yellow – is served alongside. I love it. Good bread is never a bad omen.
Sure enough, the first course – a meat-and-cheese platter called Chef's Spread – is absolutely stunning, anchored by fatty, mouthwatering Tuscan salami sharpened with black peppercorns and fennel, each slice topped with a tiny, tart cherry. The rest of the arrangement is intoxicating, too: creamy turkey-guinea hen mousse, smeared on lavosh and sparked with pickled grapes; fat rounds of savory, herb-flecked guinea rillettes strewn with fried sage leaves; pale-pink slivers of salty-sweet lonza (cured pork loin), arranged like flower petals with pistachios and ruby dots of cranberry purée at their centers; sharp white Idaho cheddar with briny sea beans; a dollop of tangy chèvre mousse poked with crisp-chewy rose apple chips; and finally a tidy salad of pickled vegetables, mascarpone-dabbed membrillo (tart-sweet quince paste) and cured strawberries. Christofolo has definitely upped his charcuterie game in recent years.
The second course is velvety pistachio soup, the bottom of the bowl offering up crispy squares of salty pork belly, sweet poached figs, the sting of Calabrian chile paste and chèvre mousse, which lends its own subtly saline creaminess to this nutty winter mélange.
The two gorgeous salads that follow – the first composed of roasted kohlrabi with caramelized apples, mizuna (Japanese mustard greens), pistachios and blue cheese dressing; the second a medley of faintly bitter radishes with pesto and compound butter – invite us to enjoy the unadorned simplicity of vegetables straight from the garden, providing a clean-tasting palate-cleanser for the carnivorous delights that follow.
Round four is 30- to 60-day aged Arizona beef carpaccio tucked in brittle bread spoons with drizzles of blue cheese aioli, Parmesan sprinkles and a tart, sweet top-note of pickled shallot. The beef is so tender it practically melts on the tongue. Even better is a sticky, charred-at-the-edges brick of pork belly, embellished with tart cherries, candied peanuts and edible flowers, set atop ribbons of honey gastrique with a scoop of mascarpone for supplementary sweetness and lightness.
Pasta has long been a Quiessence signature, and Christofolo's soppressini, an intricately shaped pasta he describes as "genie lamps," explains why. The cup-shaped pasta becomes an elegant vehicle for light but satisfying beef Bolognese, enriched with ricotta, given a crunchy breadcrumb sprinkle and a lacy mantle of fennel frond. Pretty to look at, magical to eat.
The menu offers just three crowd-pleasing entrées – steak, chicken and fish – but the aged New York strip has been given a South American slant. Placed atop a pinkish puddle of red onion purée, the tender, perfectly cooked steak arrives with a lime wedge and a spoonful of tangy, herbaceous chimichurri on top. Placed alongside are two baked fingerling potatoes, loaded with butter, bacon and chives, and fried curly corn on the cob (a riff on Max Ng's version at Momofuku Ssäm Bar in New York) and chile powder-spiked shishitos. The second entrée – crispy, buttermilk-brined, chicken-fried Cornish hen (juicy thigh and drumstick), served with sous vide turnips, carrots and choy sum greens in a rich herb aioli – puts a fine-dining twist on a down-home favorite.
Like the chicken, an impossibly rich dessert of brioche bread pudding with vanilla ice cream, Razz cherries, almonds and dulce de leche has an irresistibly rustic, cozy quality. Meanwhile, a carefully composed confection called "Night in Meringue City" brings together dainty dabs of fresh meringue with brittle baked meringue, prickly pear and blackberry sorbets enriched with Italian meringue and bright strawberry coulis. It's finished with a crunchy almond tuile for a light, sweet denouement that's big on texture.
It was a memorable and mostly well-paced meal, my only complaint being that some ingredients (pistachios, for example) appear in too many dishes, a food cost issue that shouldn't be obvious to the diner. Ultimately, however, dinner at this charming farmhouse is about the total experience, and on that score, Quiessence delivers in spades all year long – not just on Valentine's Day.
Cuisine: New American
Contact: 6106 S. 32nd St., Phoenix, 602-276-0601, qatthefarm.com
Hours: Tu-Sa 5-8:30 p.m.
Highlights: Chef's spread ($13 per person); pork belly ($16); beef carpaccio ($16); soppressini ($28); chicken-fried Cornish hen ($43); bread pudding ($10)


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Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps: How "We are all one, or all none!" grew into TBL perfection
December 17, 2012 by Frontline Copy frontline
by Faith Attaguile
Most people know of the science fiction cult figure Doctor Who, whose purpose was to help people and save civilizations.
But how many know about the rebel cult figure Dr. Bronner, who used his wacky soap bottle labels to further his goal of uniting Spaceship Earth?
Nonconformist and uncompromising, he never "blinked" -- even when Life Magazine called:
The story of Life Magazine, as told by Ralph Bronner:
Who was Dr. Bronner?
By all accounts, his was a strong personality … and he wasn't always easy to live with. In fact, his three children hardly knew him during their growing-up years.
But I get ahead of myself.
Born in 1908, Emanuel Bronner learned the secrets of liquid Castile soap from his Jewish parents in Heilbronn, Germany. The family had been making soap commercially for 50 years. Eventually, Emanuel received guild certification as a Soapmaking Master. Then earned a university degree in chemistry.
He was an opinionated man even then. After a number of family disagreements, he emigrated to Milwaukee, Wisc., in 1929. There, he began work as a consultant in the American soap industry.
Less than a decade later, fearful of the rise of the Nazis, he and his sisters tried to convince their parents to leave Germany, but the elders refused. Sadly, Hitler nationalized their soapmaking factory in the early 40s. Shortly thereafter, he murdered Emanuel's parents in Nazi concentration camps.
Then, in 1944, his young wife died after an extended illness.
With the fresh tragedy of such losses, Emanuel seemed driven, rallying people (and Presidents) for peace and unity at every opportunity.
Whether before large crowds or small, he called on his audiences to respect each other. Take care of the Planet. Unite across all faiths. And work for peace.
Between working and lecturing like this, there was alarmingly little time for his three young children.
So, ducking fatherhood to further his cause, he left them in a series of foster homes. They saw their father only once or twice a year while growing up. And by all accounts, it was a wrenching time for them.
Eldest son Ralph, now a popular spokesperson for the company, muses in the documentary, "Dr. Bronner's Magic Soapbox:"
"In letters later … he bragged about how he was willing to sacrifice his kids to unite the world. So is that a responsible father, or irresponsible? He would simply say, 'What's more important? Uniting Spaceship Earth? Or raising your own family!'"
(Ralph, smiling gently, perfectly mimics his father's urgent voice.)
"We are all one, or all none!"
In 1947, after rocking the rigid University of Chicago boat by "speaking without a permit," Emanuel Bronner found himself in an Illinois insane asylum. Six months later, with a series of shock treatments under his belt, he escaped and headed for Los Angeles, Calif.
It was here that Emanuel began making his liquid Castile peppermint soap under the name, "Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps." (He didn't have a doctorate degree but took the title anyway.)
World War II had just ended. Increasingly, people were drawn to his lectures at L.A.'s Pershing Square. They were intrigued with his call for people of all races and religions to unite within an "All-One" world.
"We are all brothers and sisters," he would shout with his sharp, staccato German accent, arms flailing, "and we should take care of each other and Spaceship Earth!"
At these events he would sell his spirit-tingling peppermint soap to listeners. But then he realized many people were taking his soap without staying for his lectures.
Undaunted, he crammed his message (he called it his "Moral ABC") into what eventually became 30,000-word rants on each soap label.
It was quintessential Dr. Bronner.
Thus was born the unique "Dr Bronner's Magic Soap" brand: Noisy labels about uniting the world hugging fabulous soap to clean it with.
The missing link in Dr. Bronner's triple bottom line
By now we all know about the three pillars of the triple bottom line … where people, the planet and profits are given equal value. This is a recent term. And for most companies, the hitch is giving people and the planet equal footing with profits.
But Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps walked a different walk.
In the decades before his sons came on board, Emanuel Bronner's concern for people and the planet took precedence over profits.
In that regard, he had a problem. It wasn't because his soaps weren't selling. They were. It was because….
Well, watch this video and discover why. It'll make you smile:
The story of Poverty-$18,000, as told by Ralph Bronner:
So in the early 80s, Dr. Bronner's giving spirit and casual business management almost brought the company to a standstill.
Up to that point, he hadn't really been running a business. He'd been running a cause. Even with annual soap sales of around $1 million, his focus was elsewhere. The business results were devastating.
But son Jim stepped up to the plate. And working with his brother Ralph and wife Trudy … slowly but surely … the business began to flourish.
The year 1997 was hard for the family. Dr. Bronner died after a long illness. And a little over a year later, tragically, cancer took Jim.
Rallying to the need, grandsons David and Michael joined up. And together with their mother and uncle, they now run a company that's more profitable than ever:
In 2011, sales topped $44 million
For the past five years, the company has averaged an incredible 19 percent annual growth
Today, operating out of its headquarters in Escondido, Calif., Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps is the top-selling organic liquid and bar soap company in the U.S.
Putting Profits to Work for People and the Planet
Emanuel Bronner made no bones about the need to share profits with the rest of the world. And the company he founded does just that.
How? Consider some examples. Today, Dr. Bronner's:
leads an ongoing struggle to legalize industrial hemp production in the U.S. as a more sustainable product able to replace things like pesticide-ridden cotton and timber pulp.
uses 100% post-consumer recycled bottles it developed in 2003 – an industry first.
enjoys certification under the USDA National Organic Plan after fighting for and winning that right in 2005, so customers know Dr. Bronner's products are truly organic and safe.
leads a campaign to "clean up" petrochemicals in, and prohibit non-certified "organic" labels on, body care products. Watch their hilarious Punk Rock Soap Opera to see one very creative way they are doing this.
When it comes to company donations, Dr. Bronner's takes the cake. Recently, the company gave away over 70% of their net profits. That's in line with their promise to give any profits they don't need for business purposes to charitable organizations or causes they support.
Not quite convinced this company walks its "All-One" talk? Then watch Ralph Bronner tell the Vogue story. No, they didn't donate money to Vogue. They did stand by their principles, though:
The Story of Vogue, as told by Ralph Bronner:
The Doctor of Everything?
But back to Doctor Who.
I heard tell that in one BBC show, someone asked Doctor Who what kind of doctor he was. He said, "Just about everything."
The same might be said of Dr. Bronner. Both famous and infamous, he cared for just about everything. And -- "crazy like a fox" -- he let nothing block his passion for uniting people in peace.
Say what you will about that, but bet on this: Dr. Bronner sees what his grandsons are doing today. And he's rantingly proud of their work.
(This is Part 1 of a two-part series on Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps. My next post will consider the workers in Dr. Bronner's family. Then it will dig deeper into other ways the company has been extending its magical soap reach to help Spaceship Earth.)
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Published in Green Companies
Tagged as green business, green companies, green marketing, sustainable company, triple bottom line
Next Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps: How "We are all one, or all none!" walks its green talk
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text:
Protect railroad history
Locations: Letters Published Jun. 28, 2017
Railroad history in the West reflects our history, as a nation, as individuals with dreams and with courage, and as communities with a significant place in that history. Yet, the Union Pacific Railroad Company, owner of the Rail Depot in Glenwood Springs, threatens to put an end to the Rail Museum at the Glenwood Depot so that the Company can add approximately $30,000 to its income. This amount, although a token in the budget of the Union Pacific, will put to an end the existence of the Museum.
Following is a letter I recently sent to the Union Pacific representative. Please add your thoughts to this issue for his consideration. Let's save the Museum in its appropriate location, the Rail Station:
Mr. Lance Fritz, Chairman and CEO
Union Pacific Railroad Company
1400 Douglas St.
Dear Mr. Fritz,
As a resident of the Roaring Fork Valley (Glenwood Springs to Aspen, Colorado) for the past half century, as an active participant in governance activities on the local, state, and national levels, and as a community member with a deep interest in historical preservation and community character, I find it both surprising and upsetting that the Union Pacific Railroad Company would even consider an action that threatens to destroy and eliminate the existence of the Glenwood Springs Union Pacific Railroad Museum that exists in the historic Rail Station in Glenwood Springs, Colorado.
Even a brief review of the history of this area reflects the national significance of the railroads in the development of our nation. The Union Pacific Railroad Company is significant both in the stories of its past, and in the role it plays in the lives of those who live in and visit our area today.
The Museum not only educates about and reflects that history, it educates all to the significance of the development and use of railroads in the nation's westward movement. School children, railroad buffs, visitors, the casual tourist, those who wish to know about the significance of the place in which they choose to live, and others……. all visit the Museum and learn from the docents and volunteers who manage the Museum for us all.
Many of us use the train for travel adventures. We look forward to the train's daily arrival and departure. Its location near the Museum is significant.
The nearby Colorado Hotel, the Denver Hotel, and the Glenwood Springs Hot Springs Pool, Redstone's Cleveholm Manor, and numerous other local, historically designated structures have significant connections to the Rail Station. The Station, local home for the California Zephyr, is an appropriate site for the attached Museum. The Museum site, although convenient for its current use, is not suitable for many other uses, for numerous and varied reasons.
I hope you will reconsider your request for increased monetary gain, a move that will put the museum out of business. Instead, allow those of us who support historic preservation and research to move forward, with both social and monetary support from Union Pacific Railroad Company.
Thank you for your reconsideration in this matter.
Dorothea Farris
Locations: Letters By Ylice Golden Published Jan. 13, 2021
Letters, January 14, 2021
Locations: Letters By Ylice Golden Published Jan. 8, 2021
Letters - January 7, 2021
Locations: Letters By Ylice Golden Published Dec. 23, 2020


text:
namespace CPF
{
	namespace IO
	{
		class TextReader
		{
		public:
			TextReader(Stream*);
			~TextReader();

			operator bool() const;

			Stream* GetStream() const;

			// Text reader unique functions.
			int64_t ReadLine(String& out);
			int64_t ReadAll(String& out);

		private:
			StreamPtr mpStream;
		};
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Als Operation Ivy (ivy englisch für Efeu) wurden zwei amerikanische Kernwaffentests bezeichnet, Ivy Mike und Ivy King. Beide Tests wurden 1952 im Pazifik auf dem Eniwetok-Atoll von der Joint Task Force 132 durchgeführt.

Die vorherige Kernwaffentestserie war Operation Tumbler-Snapper, die nachfolgende Upshot-Knothole.

Die einzelnen Tests der Operation Ivy

Ivy Mike

Ivy Mike war die erste Wasserstoffbombe und besaß eine Sprengkraft von 10,4 Megatonnen TNT-Äquivalent. Die Bombe wurde aufgrund ihres Gewichtes auf dem Boden zur Explosion gebracht. Ivy Mike war die viertgrößte Atombombe, die von den USA getestet wurde. Die Insel Elugelab verschwand vollständig, die umliegenden Inseln wurden durch den Feuerball und die Druckwellen bis in 10 Kilometer Entfernung zerstört. Anstelle der Insel Elugelab klaffte ein Krater im Riff, über 3 Kilometer im Durchmesser und 60 Meter tief. Insgesamt wurden etwa 80 Millionen Tonnen Erdreich aufgeschleudert.

Ivy King

Ivy King war eine kleinere Atomwaffe, die von einem Flugzeug aus abgeworfen wurde. Obwohl es sich nicht um eine Wasserstoffbombe handelte (also keine Kernfusion stattfand), wurde eine Sprengkraft von 500 Kilotonnen erreicht. Damit war Ivy King für ihre Bauart sehr stark. King wurde gezündet, weil die U.S. Militärs eine große Kernspaltungsbombe forderten, da der Erfolg der entwickelten Wasserstoffbombe Mike unsicher war. Frankreich optimierte später reine Kernspaltungsbomben bis auf 800 kT, was vermutlich das Maximum darstellt.

Siehe auch
 Liste von Kernwaffentests
 Ivy Mike

Weblinks

 Operation Ivy auf nuclearweaponarchive.org
 Operation Ivy - Video des US-Verteidigungsministeriums
 Declassified U.S. Nuclear Test Film - Operation Ivy auf YouTube.com

Einzelnachweise
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Ivy
Marshallinseln
Ereignis 1952
Wikipedia:Artikel mit Video
Ivy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
New Topside Crime Protocol
Acknowledgement, not puppeting.
Instead of needing GM's actively puppetting for crime topside, change the rule to you must xhelp that you would like to do it, and a GM acknowledges that they are aware of your plan. This doesn't mean that they have to spend time puppeting every Judge, but it does mean they're aware and may @puppet near if you fuck it up.
For crimes on Green, where presence is more heavy-handed, maybe retain the actively puppeting rule and see how it plays out on Gold for a while.
By JMo at Feb 3, 2020 6:30 PM
That is how it currently works.
By Vera at Feb 3, 2020 6:31 PM
Oh, I thought you had to have a GM basically watching you the whole time? Like setting up a plot. Guess I misunderstood the rule set then.
This is already the case.
The xhelp is just a check to make sure there WILL be a response, not just a "GM must puppet all the Judges" response. It's to stop people from rampage killing on Gold / running around failing pickpockets on Judges and shit without the world reacting in a themely way.
If there's no staff to verify, or the staff would need to provide the response and can't, that's when you get told no or don't get an answer.
By Kard at Feb 3, 2020 6:32 PM
Damn, three years later and I'm still learning stuff haha. Thanks gang.
@Kard,
To clarify what you said.
If someone wants to commit crimes on Gold, is sending an xhelp enough?
Or does the player need to wait until the xhelp is acknowledged?
By Hek at Feb 4, 2020 9:44 AM
You need to wait until the xhelp is acknowledged.
By HolyChrome at Feb 4, 2020 9:49 AM
@HC,
I appreciate the response. I trust that you know what you're talking about.
But I want a staffer to respond.
By Hek at Feb 4, 2020 10:29 AM
By Vera at Feb 4, 2020 10:34 AM
I just want to add, that clearly this information is not as well spread as others might think. So maybe, add it to a help file. Help crime? Does this exist already?
Because I too, got yelled at...A LOT...regarding this some months ago and it was assumed this was commonplace knowledge.
By ErgoProxy at Feb 4, 2020 11:29 AM
Help xhelp is a great file to review.
"We require that you xhelp before doing the following:
-> Crimes in Secure Zones, for example, Gold Sector, Green Sector, Blue Sector, SCF Prison, Corporate Buildings, etc. This includes but is not limited to Assault, crashing a vehicle, dipping, kidnapping, vehicle theft, bombings, etc.
When committing crimes, the general idea is that the player needs to think a little and decide if what they are doing might be something that established factions might notice, would care about and could reasonably react to. If yes, then xhelp first. Also, whenever you want to do something in front of or to NPCs that the automated responses are not sufficient enough to handle, you should also consider xhelping.
It is 100% acceptable for you xhelp us asking about a situation so we can let you know if it's good to go without an xhelp and thank you for checking in first. Sindome is a common-sense game - If it feels like something that should be xhelped, then xhelp. Better safe, than sorry."
By crashdown at Feb 4, 2020 11:32 AM
XHELP and wait for a response.
If you get told no or no response, either the staff isn't able to verify that a response is possible(either PC or NPC), or the staff would need to provide the response and isn't available to do so.
By Kard at Feb 4, 2020 11:40 AM
To what ErgoProxy and crashdown brought up...
I think it would be extremely helpful to identify when a player needs to wait for an xhelp response, and when simply xhelping by itself is acceptable.
I think 'help xhelp' would be a good place to put it.
For simplicity, it might be easier to list situations where we do NOT need to wait for a response. Those are probably fewer. And also, by identifying when we do NOT have to wait, it implies that we DO have to wait in any situation not explicitly identified.
By Hek at Feb 4, 2020 2:09 PM
What the Hek?
(sorry!)
Nobody brought up xhelping and NOT waiting for a response.
Staff certainly didn't suggest any such thing, and the quoted helpfile doesn't either.
What's to identify?
By beandip at Feb 4, 2020 2:18 PM
@beandip,
I have been told on a couple of occasions to xhelp as a notification when interacting with certain types of NPCs.
It is a situation in which ideally a GM would like to be available to respond. But it's not absolutely necessary for them to be involved.
As I said, the situations where you DON'T need to wait for a response are few and far between. That's why it's probably easy to list those in the help file.


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4G Nepal
5G 6G Apps Blogging Chipset Comparision Digital Nepal
Ntc Brings 4G Broadband in Namdok, Around Korala Border Area
Nepal Telecom (NTC) has brought its advanced mobile network 4G to Namdok, around the Korala Border area in the upper Mustang district which lies near Tibet. The broadband service will connect households in remote areas with high-speedNepal Telecom (NTC) has begun the 4G service in the rural village of Khanigaun in Baglung. The government-backed telco has been actively expanding the 4th gen high-speed network in various rural areas. In this article, let's know moreState-backed telecom giant Nepal Telecom (Ntc) has begun its 4G service in Sinja Gaunpalika -4 (Rural Municipality) of Jumla district. The service brings the telco's high-speed and reliable fourth-generation mobile broadband internet toThe number of 4G users has surpassed 1.86 crores 4G users in Nepal as per the latest NTA data from Ashwin. Continued expansion of 4G services has resulted in the steady growth of subscribers as the country remains on the brink of launching
Why should you prefer 4G network? Speed, coverage, cost, etc
Dinesh Oct 30, 2022
Do you prefer to keep your smartphone on 4G network or let your device connect to any itself? Depending on your needs and coverage, you can switch between various mobile networks but each comes with its own pros and cons. In this post, weNepal Telecom (NTC) has undertaken an initiative to establish its 4G broadband network at community schools in Simkot and Namkha, Humla. As part of the project, the telco has handed over necessary telecom equipment to the schools forTelecom operator Nepal Telecom (Ntc) has started two NTSAT phone lines in Tinkar, a village near China to provide phone service. Meanwhile, the company is also building a 4G tower in Jyakti, Chhangru of Vyas Rurali Municipality -1 Nepal Telecom (NTC) has surpassed the 1 crore users mark on its 4G network. The operator revealed the milestone data based on its Chaitra, 2078 report. The company says its 4G users have now reached 1 crore, 4 lakh, 21 thousand, and
Nepal Telecom Demands of Importing Compatible 4G Phones Only
NepaliTelecom Mar 21, 2021
Nepal Telecom has sent a request to NTA (Nepal Telecommunication Authority) to make provisions for importing compatible phones to the country. With a formal letter, the company demands allowing the import of phones that support frequencyRecently 5G network is much hyped in Nepal but it ain't coming any time soon. However, the latest 4G technology gets unnoticed by the large population here. If you can see the 4G+ icon on your mobile phone, then you are accessing the


Build an Effective Team - CEO Inc.
Many managers underestimate the power of teamwork in the hiring and retention process. A team-driven environment is what attracts the most qualified people and prevents them from looking elsewhere. So what are some key elements of building an effective team?
At the top of the list is creating a clear focus or mission for the team. Ideally, the purpose of the team lines up with the personal goals and desires of the team members and will contribute to their long-term career goals while still maintaining congruency with the company or department mission. One idea may be to put the team in a room and brainstorm a mission or focus statement that takes everybody's goals into account and gives all the team-members motivation to contribute on an on-going basis.
Teams work best when there is a challenging environment. Goals that are challenging provide focus and purpose, but also a sense of accomplishment when the goal is met. Start by identifying a problem and a reasonable solution. The solution should be tied to some measurable number, like client satisfaction (internal or external), revenue generated or costs saved.
You may be able to brainstorm for a solution and create a sense of ownership with it. However, this is important: The solution (goal) must be challenging, but achievable. Unachievable goals cause frustration and lethargy. After identifying the gap, assess the team and assign reasonable steps to team members that are skilled in that area. Teams are not frequently presented with stimulating challenges every day, so you may need to be innovative and creative to challenge them at frequent intervals.
Give each team member an opportunity to learn new things, processes, concepts and think outside the box. How do you know what things to give team members to stretch them? Here's a novel idea; ask them. Remember this; the professional growth of each team member will grow and strengthen the entire team. Why? Because the team will only be as effective as the weakest member. So no one can be ignored when it comes to development and growth. The capability of the weakest member is the maximum potential the team will reach.
Create opportunities for all members of the team to not only learn new things, but also to develop leadership skills. Even when there is a defined manager or team leader, it is important to give each member a project or responsibility that requires accountability, ownership, assertiveness, and pro-activeness with other team members or departments. On-going coaching and mentoring is critical in developing leadership. Provide an environment of encouragement, public recognition of positive results and camaraderie. Giving team members small projects to lead and the latitude to make mistakes is an excellent way to build effective leaders at all levels of the team.
Using the above, you will create an environment that is attractive, fun and difficult to leave. As a bonus, you will be able to attract the best talent in the marketplace instead of "settling" for a warm body to fill a chair.


text:
Reg'l Tourism Week revelry kicks off in P'sinan
September 29, 2016 October 16, 2016 Dexter A. See
LINGAYEN, Pangasinan – Governor Amado "Pogi" I. Espino, III has extended the provincial administration's gratitude to the stakeholders of the tourism industry in the region when he led the kick-off ceremonies of the Regional Tourism Week celebration recently here.
Addressing hundreds of tourism key players from the four provinces in the region who attended the regional tourism week opening ceremonies held at the Sison Auditorium, Governor Espino stressed that the provincial leadership has been steadfast in elevating tourism development in Pangasinan.
"It has been the drive of the provincial government since my predecessor, former Pangasinan Governor and now 5th District Representative Amado T. Espino, Jr., sat as provincial chief executive to make Pangasinan as the best place to invest, work, live and raise a family," Governor Espino bared in his speech as he noted that tourism is among the thrusts in governance that the provincial administration has been passionate at.
Governor Espino, who turned emotional while welcoming the regional delegates to the province, said that the Espino family's commitment to love and protect Pangasinan remains despite some malicious issues thrown at them by their political detractors.
Elated over the good news that President Rodrigo Duterte has cleared his father's involvement from the New Bilibid Prison (NBP) drug matrix, Governor Pogi found strength and inspiration with the presence of delegates of the tourism event coming from three other provinces in the region.
Last Tuesday afternoon, Pres. Duterte has issued a public apology to Cong. Espino and other Pangasinan officials who were previously dragged in the NBP drug matrix controversy.
Governor Pogi further noted that the vision of his father to make Pangasinan Capitol as a premier tourist destination in Pangasinan is an understatement, following the upgrading of the buildings and facilities and beautification of the environs of the Capitol complex and the uplifting of morale of Capitol employees in serving the public.
"Nobody then would have thought that the Capitol will reach its present state as the prime tourist destination in Pangasinan," he said.
Meanwhile, Vice Governor Jose Ferdinand Z. Calimlim, Jr, who also sits as Sangguniang Panlalawigan chairperson of the committee on tourism, culture and arts, said that the province of Pangasinan has opened its doors to anyone who would like to explore its tourism destinations and experience the must-try wonders of the province.
Urging the regional tourism event delegates to advocate tourism, Vice Governor Calimlim challenged them: "Be the number one attraction in your respective localities."
The kick-off ceremonies of the tourism week revelry also included the oath-taking of the new set of officers of the Pangasinan Tourism Officers' Association and the Pangasinan Association of Hospitality Institutions that were administered by Governor Espino.
← Pangasinan intensifies anti-rabies campaign
Loman decisions Mlambo with Explosive Takedowns →


text:
Portuguesa State (, ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Located in the west of the Republic, it is often considered the "breadbasket of Venezuela" for the large amount of agricultural products produced there. The state is bordered by the state of Lara to the north, to the east by Cojedes, to the west by Trujillo and to the south by Barinas.

As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 876,496. The state capital is the city of Guanare.

Origin of the name
The state was designated Portuguesa on August 4, 1909, named after the Portuguesa River. The name of the river is in turn said to be derived from a local legend about a young woman of Portuguese descent who drowned in the Portuguesa River, possibly accompanying the conquistadors who founded the city of Guanare, the capital of the state.

History

Pre-Columbian era
In the pre-Hispanic era, the territory of the Venezuelan plains was inhabited by groups that arrived from the Amazon region by river (probably Colombia or Ecuador).

The oldest known human presence dates to between 300 and 600 BC in Barinas and the Portuguesa plains, with the migrants perhaps attracted by the region's relatively predictable flooding cycle.

Over the next 1200 years, these communities moved northwards and were also influenced by groups from the Orinoco. Among the traces left by these pre-Columbian inhabitants are numerous petroglyphs of geometric, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures, as well as a complex network of roads believed to have served to drain swamps or control water. They also left a system of mounds that possibly had functions of surveillance, funerary or refuge for the periods of greatest flooding.

Spanish colonization
Several expeditions of the Welser Family, originating in Coro under the command of Nikolaus Federmann and Georg von Spira, in the year 1534 and arriving in the Andean foothills crossed the current territory of the Llanos.

In 1542, the armies of Philipp von Hutten from Coro visited the region on their way to Barinas, but were repulsed by the Omaguas Indians and Hutten was wounded.

The Spanish conquerors Diego Ruiz de Vallejo and Juan Ruiz de Villegas explored the lands to the east of the Andes in 1549. Decades later, on November 3, 1591, Juan Fernandez de Leon founded Espiritu Santo of the Guanaguanare Valley, today's Guanare. Its name in the indigenous language means 'Place of seagulls' or 'Land between rivers'.

19th century
The Battle of Araure, in which Simon Bolivar defeated Jose Ceballos, occurred in Portuguesa in 1813. At the time, Venezuela was under the control of the patriots in mid-1813, except for the provinces of Guayana and Maracaibo. In September 1813, the royalists received reinforcements from Cadiz, taking the offensive across the country, although the patriots' successes continued until the end of 1813.

On December 3, 1813, Simón Bolívar learned that the royalist forces (3,500 men), under the command of Brigadier José Ceballos, had met with those of José Yáñez in the town of Araure, and as a result, he arranged for all able bodied men in El Altar and Cojedes to muster in the town of Agua Blanca.

On the 4th, the patriots marched towards Araure and camped about 1,000 m from the village, opposite the royalists, who had deployed at the entrance of the Acarigua River with their wings supported by a forest and a small lagoon and their back protected by a forest. The royalists possessed ten artillery pieces.

The battle began at dawn and lasted approximately six hours. The royalist troops were numerically superior to the patriot troops. The patriots captured 200 prisoners, four flags, and numerous artillery pieces. In this single clash, the royalists lost more than 500 cavalry.

On April 10, 1851, by decree of the Congress of the Republic under the mandate of General José Gregorio Monagas, the territory that currently makes up the state of Portuguesa became a province, with Guanare as its capital.

Federal War
The federal war was even more devastating than the emancipatory war in the states of Portuguesa, Apure and Barinas, and especially in Portuguesa, as in addition to the outrages and loss of life in the fighting, the departures of uncontrolled guerrillas, the passions and quarrels produced more deaths and misfortunes than the combats; furthermore, the arson attacks on houses, farms and cattle yards plunged many families of the time into ruin.

In the days of this uncontrolled movement and in the vicinity of Araure, specifically in Tapa de Piedra, on April 4, 1859, a bloody combat was staged between the revolutionary forces of General Zamora and those of the conservative Manuel Herrera. After almost three hours of confrontation, Herrera lost the fight and had to flee with the survivors on the way to Ospino. Following the Federal Revolution in 1866, it was decided to unite the Zamora and Portuguesa entities into one and call it Zamora State. Later, with Antonio Guzmán Blanco in power, the territorial division was reduced to seven states, so Portuguesa became part of the South West state, along with Cojedes and Zamora.

20th century
At the end of the 19th century, the Restoration Revolution brought back the country's political division into 20 states and, consequently, Portuguesa and Cojedes became Zamora again. Finally, on August 5, 1909, the National Constitution was promulgated, which established that Venezuela would be composed of a Federal District, two Federal Territories and 20 states, one of which would be Portuguesa with the capital in the city of Guanare.

Like most of the Llanos states, Portuguesa was practically isolated from the center of the country until the middle of the 20th century. The only way to move from this entity to another was by means of carts pulled by horses or oxen, or by using the waterways. After the overthrow of General Isaías Medina Angarita, the Revolutionary Government Board began to materialize the existing projects designed by the previous rulers on sustainable agricultural development based on the colonization of large areas. It was in the 1940s, when work began on the Los Llanos road, which meant the economic take-off of the region. The foundation of the Turén Agricultural Colony through the work of 20,000 immigrant refugees, mostly Italian, drove the rice plan, and the incorporation of hundreds of hectares of irrigated land were key to the development and growth of this state known as the granary of Venezuela.

Within this reality, a developmentalist model was adopted with evident influence from the United States. This model made possible the establishment of social relations of production in the agricultural sector based on capitalism. In this vein, at the end of the 1940s and beginning of the 1950s, a "State Project" was initiated called the Turen Agricultural Unit (U.A.T.), which was successively implemented in the Turen Agricultural Colony. To this end, the government, through itinerant diplomacy, made use of the international agreements signed during the post-war period on aid to refugees and put into practice the open border policy of selective immigration promoted by General Marcos Pérez Jiménez, where Europeans (mostly Italians, Spaniards and Germans) with an agricultural tradition entered and shared work with Venezuelan citizens from various regions of the Republic. In 1949, the Agricultural Unit or Colony of Turen, the most ambitious experience of its kind ever carried out in a Caribbean country, was initiated. Located, as well as the Tovar colony, in an area of mountains, the future Granary of Venezuela sheltered, together with a minority of local farmers, a babel of immigrants from several countries. Initially, they were mainly Eastern Europeans, who arrived through the "International Refugee Organization", many of them ethnic Germans from Romania, but already in the beginning of the 50's the Italians and Germans became the relative majority of the immigrant population.

Geography

It is located in the Midwestern Region of the country, extending approximately between latitudes 08°06′ and 09°50′ north latitude, and meridians 68°30′ and 70°11′ west longitude. It has an area of  representing 1.67% of the national territory. Most of its territory is flat and corresponds to the Western Plains. To the northwest it has mountains and hills of the Andes Mountains. The Andean mountainous area to the West and Northwest, with heights above 3,000 m, where the valleys of Chabasquén and Biscucuy open, in whose hills coffee and smaller fruits are grown. With 1,024,300 inhabitants for 2017 it occupies the 12th place among the most populous federal entities in Venezuela. The Portuguesa state is divided into 14 municipalities and 28 parishes.

Hydrography

Some water courses include: Portuguese Red, Caño Guamal, and Caño Amarillo, which corresponds to the old riverbed of the Acarigua River that is fed by the above-mentioned channel during the summer season; in addition to Caño Turen, Caño El Toro, Caño Durigua, Caño Colorado, Caño Canaguapa, Caño Maratán, Quebrada Paso Real, Quebrada Cupra, Quebrada Cambural, and Quebrada de Araure.

The Acarigua River passes through the west of the Acarigua municipality and serves as a border with the Esteller Municipality.

Climate
It has a relatively homogeneous climate, where the average minimum temperature varies between 20º and 35 °C., being this one regulated by the winds coming from the gulf of Venezuela and the trade winds that go up the Llanos, which produce areas of cloudiness and frequent torrential rains.
A typical Sabana climate of the plain area of Venezuela where Guanare is located. It has two well-defined periods, a dry period from December to April, and a rainy period from May to November.

During the beginning of the drought (December, January and February) it is characterized by the scarcity of rain, and a great thermal amplitude, where the nights are usually cool, early mornings with up to 19 °C, and during the day very hot (max 29-31 °C). This is also the windiest time of the year. Around March and the beginning of April, the daily temperature range decreases a little, bringing with it the hottest season in the village. The lowest temperature recorded is 17 °C on 5 April 1984 and the highest is 41 °C during several occasions and heat waves occurring with the El Niño phenomenon.

The average annual temperature (Max-Min) is between 22 ° and 26 ° Celsius, in the area of flat lands and in the area of mountain and piedmont landscapes the climatic conditions vary according to height variations. Precipitation is persistent throughout the year, causing rivers to maintain an abundant flow, even overflow and therefore flooding.

Flora and fauna
The dominant vegetation is savanna, but are also gallery forests along the river bends, and dense forests in the foothills of the Andes. There are abundant hardwoods which are a major income source, represented by the dwarf oak, mahogany, eucalyptus, teak and pine.
The fauna is represented by: spectacled bears, jaguars, (both endangered species), armadillos, parrots, opossums, howler monkeys, deer, ocelots, pumas and southern tamandua. There are birds like the crested curassow, hummingbird, great kiskadee and cardinal. One of the largest species of moth in the world can be found: the Thysania agrippina, with wingspan of 30.5 cm.

In some places of the state, wildlife can be distributed as follows:

Mammals: rabipelado (common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis); wooly weasel (bare-tailed woolly opossum, Caluromys philander); common marmosa (Robinson's mouse opossum, Marmosa robinsoni);  rabbit (eastern cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus); and agoutis or mountain acures (Brazilian guinea pig, Cavia aperea)
Birds: ponchas or soisolas (red-legged tinamou, Crypturellus erythropus); whistling ducks (Dendrocygna spp.); diving duck (lesser scaup, Aythya affinis); paují culo blanco (black curassow, Crax alector); and common parrot (Amazonia spp.)
Reptiles: galápago llanero (savanna side-necked turtle, Podocnemis vogli); terecay (yellow-spotted river turtle, Podocnemis unifilis); and iguana (Iguana iguana)
Crustaceans: elf shrimp (Dendrocephalus geayi); crab (Dilocarcinus dentatus); and shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum, Macrobrachium jelskii, Macrobrachium reyesi, Palaemonetes mercedae).
Molluscs: river clams (Anodontites gunarensis and Mycetopoda pittieri); aquatic snails (Aplexa rivalis and Thiara granifera); ,  and  (snails, Pomacea aurostoma, Pomacea crassa, Pomacea dolioides, Pomacea falconensis, Pomacea interrupta, Pomacea glauca, Pomacea glauca, Pomacea glauca, Pomacea interrupta, Pomacea glauca, Pomacea glauca, Pomacea interrupta, Pomacea glauca, Pomacea interrupta)

Politics and government
The Portuguese State, as an autonomous federal entity with constitutional rank, has the five branches of Public Power: Executive (Government), Legislative (Legislative Council of the Portuguese State), Judicial (Judicial District of the Portuguese State), Electoral and Citizen. Its authorities are elected by the people in a universal, direct and secret way. It is represented by 6 main deputies in the National Assembly. Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard.

Executive Power
It is exercised by the Governor of the Portuguese State, the Secretary General of the Government and the Secretaries of State who fulfil the powers determined by the Constitution of the State and the Republic.

Since 1989, governors have been selected in direct elections by the population. The first governor to be elected under direct elections was Elias D'Onghia, of the AD party, and he won with 38.40% of the votes. The current governor is Rafael Calles, of the PSUV party, who won the elections for the period 2017- 2021

Legislature
It is exercised by the Legislative Council of the Portuguese State, a unicameral regional parliament elected every four years, which, according to the State Constitution, has 11 legislators who sanction the laws that have state rank and whose members are elected in a universal, direct and secret manner.

Municipalities

Portuguesa State is divided in 14 municipalities (municipios) and 28 Parroquias:

Demographics
By 2001 the state had a population of 873,375 inhabitants, representing 3.34% of the national total. It has a growth rate of 2.1% per year, and a density of 57.5 inhabitants per km². According to the estimate for 2012 the state population is 1,056,000 inhabitants, of whom 517,780 were female and 538,243 male. Acarigua city in the north, is the largest conurbation in the state, being the second largest in the center-west of the country, along with Araure form an area with over 460,000 inhabitants (2001 Census). The state capital, Guanare, in recent years has grown at a rapid pace, at present estimated population is over 200,000 just in the town itself. Due to its recent momentum Portuguesa State has become a major recipient of migrants from other regions of the country.

Race and ethnicity

According to the 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was:

Religion

Most of the population professes the Christian religion in its Catholic denomination, although other religious minorities such as Protestants, Jews or Muslims can also be found in smaller numbers. Portuguesa is the Center of one of the largest religious centers of the country the Basilica and Sanctuary of Our Lady of Coromoto, patroness of Venezuela. Also highlights in the State the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Bark in Acarigua whose history dates back.

The National Shrine of Our Lady of Coromoto or more formally Minor Basilica National Shrine of Our Lady of Coromoto is located 25 kilometers from the city of Guanare, Portuguesa, The Sanctuary is built on the place where Catholics believe that the second appearance of the Virgin Mary to the Coromoto Indian occurred.

The construction project was drawn up by the Spanish architect Juan Capdevila Elías and the Venezuelan architect Erasmo Calvani in 1975.The temple was consecrated on January 7, 1996 and inaugurated with a mass by Pope John Paul II on February 10 of the same year.

Economy
The main economic activity in Portuguesa State is agriculture: crop farming as well as livestock. Recently tourism as well as oil exploration are gaining momentum.

In the cities of Guanare and Acarigua-Araure industry has grown as a sector, especially sugar, rice and corn processing. This conurbation has for the last 10 years had a huge growth in the housing and commercial sectors, with the construction of large urban projects in the area north of the city, among the largest urban projects include:

 Urb. Bosques de Camoruco
 Urb. Llano Alto
 Villa Antigua
 Plaza Antigua
 Plaza Colonial
 Agua clara
 Parque residencial miraflores

The main commercial projects are:

 Guanare Mall (under construction)
 Llano Mall Shopping City
 Buenaventura Mall

Tourism

The Quebrada de Araure spa is one of its main attractions. It is a ravine with clear and clean waters, located on the Araure-Acarigua road, where tourists can enjoy a pleasant time. It also has a recreational park where the whole family can have fun.

Among the historical sites that stand out is El Túmulo, a monument to the Battle of Araure, which is located on the side of the Pan-American Highway. This fight was special because it was one of the only two hand-to-hand battles that Simon Bolivar fought.

The church of Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Zaragoza, located in front of Plaza Bolívar, is another obligatory stop in Araure. Its architecture preserves the colonial style, typical of the 18th century, mixed with the baroque style that gives it great majesty. It is the only colonial church in Venezuela that has a choir independent of the main entrance doors of the temple. José Antonio Páez was baptized there, and it was here that in 1813 the Liberator Simón Bolívar prayed before the triumph of the Battle of Araure. It was declared a National Monument in 1955.

Another outstanding place is the Mittar Nakicenovic Park. He was an environmental engineer of Yugoslavian origin, who arrived in this area in 1949 with the noble task of reforesting vast areas, found until then in a deplorable state. This park was created to protect the hydrographic basin where the Araure Gorge begins.

Natural heritage
Chorro de San Miguel

Balneário Quebrada de Araure, This is a ravine of clear and clean waters, located on the road Araure-Acarigua, where tourists can enjoy a pleasant time. It also has a recreational park used by many local families.
Balneario Sagas River, located on the Biscucuy - Chabasquén road
Balneario Acarigua River Natural, and Fishing Site, (in Winter Time)
Sabanetica Spa.
Balneario Estación (Ospino Municipality)
Balneario Quebrada de Leña
Balneario El Mamón
Balneario Los Arroyos
Balnearies Quebrada de Araure, known as "El Dique".
Balneario Cupra  (Municipality of Paez)
Balneario Quebrada de Williams Rumbos, known as "La Loba".

Parks
Dinira National Park
Samanes Park, was built in 1983. Tradition has it that under the leafy samans that currently make up the park, the army of the Liberator Simón Bolívar camped out during the Admirable Campaign of 1813.
José Antonio Páez Park, southwest of Guanare, is this fair complex that has 13.8 developed hectares. The 5% of the land has facilities such as the Exhibition Pavilion, the Convention Center and the Museum of the Plains. It was inaugurated in 1993 and is considered the vegetable lung of the municipality of Guanare.
Mittar Nakicenovic Park
Musiu Carmelo Park, located next to the Acarigua Araure Passenger Terminal
Curpa Park, popularly known as José Antonio Páez Park, a place where there are many leafy trees and a river that borders the east of the city of Acarigua, is also a huge natural lung and a must for all locals.
Musiu Carmelo Park (future Acarigua Zoo)
Park "Mano" Nerio Duin Anzola Zoo.
Raul Leoni Park.
Acarigua Recreational Park I.
Las Majaguas Recreational Park
Algarrobo Park, headquarters of Indera (Municipality of Paez)
Los Samanes de Guanare Park

Built heritage
Sanctuary of Our Lady of Coromoto
 Los Llanos Museum in Guanare
Our Lady of the Pillar Church
Our Lady of the Bark Cathedral
Inés Mercedes Gómez Álvarez de Guanare Museum
Doll Museum
 Former Guanare prison
Monument The Tumulus
José Antonio Páez Museum
Casa de la Cultura "Guillermo Gamarra Marrero"
Argimiro Gabaldon Convention Center
 Old San Francisco Convent in Guanare

Transport

The state has the Oswaldo Guevara Mujica de Araure Brigadier General Airport, which is located west of the city and maintains private flights, mainly to Caracas, is operated by the Autonomous Institute of Airports of the Portuguese State (IABAEP). It was expanded and reconstructed due to the need to incorporate "Bomberos Aéreos" (air firefighters), where the vertical growth of the airport facilities, the establishment of commercial premises, the improvement of the medical service and navigation services are contemplated; in addition to the maneuvering area (runway). It also has a transport terminal to the north, near the road to San Carlos, which is responsible for covering urban and interurban routes. An important point to highlight is that the Instituto Autónomo de Ferrocarriles within the macro-project "Sistema Ferroviario Nacional" is carrying out the Simón Bolívar Section that contemplates the connection of Puerto Cabello with Acarigua, which by rehabilitating existing structures, seeks to satisfy the demand for transportation in an efficient manner and significantly improve communication between the population centers that are positively impacted.

Sports

In Acarigua the Julio Hernández Molina Bachiller Stadium (baseball) with capacity for 12,000 fans; The Portuguese Soccer Club first division team operates, whose headquarters is the José Antonio Paéz Stadium, with a capacity for 18,000 spectators. In the municipality of San Genaro de Boconoíto el Bocaito FC is now extinct and in the city of Turén, Atlético Turén and Turén International, which plays in the lower divisions of Venezuelan football.

Guanare owns the first division team Llaneros de Guanare Football Club, which operates at the Rafael Calles Pinto Stadium facilities with a capacity for 13,000 people; recently, the Guanare citizen security secretariat formed a team called Atlético Guanare that is participating in the Second Division of Venezuela in the 2017 season. The Carl Herrera Allen Coliseum, more recently called the Guanare City Coliseum, is a multipurpose sports infrastructure which has an approximate capacity for 7,500 people. It was inaugurated in honor of the renowned Venezuelan basketball player Carl Herrera by former governor Iván Colmenarez; It serves as the headquarters of the Llaneros de Guanare FutSal. In the Sports Village of Guanare, erected by former governor Antonia Muñoz, various improvements were currently made, including remodeling work and a new air conditioning system, work undertaken by former state governor Wilmar Castro Soteldo.

In Piritu there is the Limoncito Stadium, the Recreational Park of Piritu, the Covered Gymnasium of Piritu, a Softball Stadium, the Minor Baseball Stadium of Piritu, the Choro Gonzalez Soccer Stadium, the Choro Gonzalez Baseball Stadium, the Stadium de Choro Araguaia, the Maporal Soccer Stadium and the Paujicito Soccer Stadium.

Education

Among the main educational centers of the state we can mention:

Simón Rodríguez Núcleo Araure National Experimental University.
National Experimental University of Los Llanos Ezequiel Zamora
Francisco de Miranda National Experimental University (UNEFM)
National Experimental University Romulo Gallegos Portuguese Extension.
National Open University Guanare Extension
Portuguesa Polytechnic University of J.J. Montilla (UPTP) Guanare Extension
Fermín Toro Nucleo Araure-Acarigua University.
Bolivarian University of Venezuela.
Yacambú University.
Universidad de los Andes, Guanare Extension School of Medicine
Monseñor De Talavera University College Portuguesa-Araure Extension.
Portuguesa Open National University-Araure Extension.
Fermín Toro University College Extension Acarigua - Araure
Unearte: Experimental University for the Arts
Libertador Experimental Pedagogical University
National Polytechnic Experimental University of the Bolivarian Armed Forces U.N.E.F.A. Guanare core.

Culture

Holidays and traditions

The llaneras traditions are closely related to each other, among them we can mention: The Tourist Carnivals of the Páez Municipality with their fabulous floats and presentation of regional, national and international artists, Christmas in Acarigua turns out to be of great attraction with the decoration of the monument La Espiga, in which it is bordered with Christmas lights in the form of the Flag of Venezuela and the "Samán" tree located next to it is wrapped with Christmas lights for the enjoyment of outsiders and visitors, on the other hand there is the celebration of the city's birthday every September 29 and its «Tree Lighting», as well as «El Pesebre» and «La Cruz de Mayo», the toilets in the squares, the «Dance of the Holy Innocents» every December 28 . In the same way it is celebrated on June 13, the day of San Antonio, at the home of the Goyo Ramírez family in Barrio Ajuro, together with the Civic Parade in honor of the Birth of José Antonio Páez Herrera, «Horseback Riding», «Afternoons of Coleados Bulls »,« Llaneros Sunrises », among others. The Joropo Llanero, is the dance that accompanies the typical Portuguese music. To the rhythm of the Harp, the Four and the Maracas, the couples zapatean, while they make synchronized turns that symbolize the subtle flirtation of the woman and the gallantness and chivalry of the man, together with the challenging spirit of the Venezuelan Llanero.

Among the traditional games are the rounds of the "Game of the Blind Little Chicken", "The Cat and the Mouse", "The Rooster and the Chicken", "The Rice with Milk", "The Tombola", "The Wheelbarrow", «El Escondite», «El Fusilado», «La Zaranda», «Palito Mantequillero». And the Hand Games like the "Spins", "Metras" (Marbles), "Whirligig", "Gurrufios", "Parrots", "The Old One", "The Plane", "Creole Balls" among many others.

In Pirit, with national and international projection, the sending of orchids stands out. This was a tradition initiated by Humberto Gallegos - Chronicler who died of Pituation - who along with his family sent a bouquet of orchids that are sent to Zaragoza-Spain on behalf of the Portuguese state. The orchid bouquet is made with orchid flowers of different varieties and colors from different regions of the country, which are artistically prepared and intertwined with ribbons of the three that form the flag of Venezuela. This religious event was held every October 10 since 1971 starting with the branches that are exhibited on the main street of the town from the first hours of the day and then be taken in parade to the San Rafael Arcángel de Pitu church, where they receive the father's status . In this ceremony the parishioners of different colonies participate as; Italian, Portuguese, Arabic, Spanish, among others, who carry their own orchids to be sent to the Virgen del Pilar de Zaragoza in Spain.

 Tourist carnivals. They begin in 1977. Pioneers in the Portuguese State. Colorful and cheerful parades parade through the main streets and avenues. Pirit acquires the nickname "Capital of Joy" due to the joy and cordiality of its people in the celebration of events, especially in the Tourist Carnivals and Patron Saint Festivities.
Easter week. Religious activity that brings together a number of parishioners at masses and processions on Thursday and Good Friday.
The night of remembrance. Adults participate highlighting the music of yesteryear. It takes place on Ash Wednesday, at night in race 10 between streets 9 and 10, although this tradition was born in 1972 at the Caney de Florentino and the devil.

 The retro night. Melodies from the 1960s - 70s and 80s. Presentation of musical ensembles. It begins in 2008 at the age of 25 the night of remembrance on Fridays before the eighth carnival.
 Patron Festivities of Piritu. Celebrated in honor of San Rafael Arcángel every October 24. Procession of the Saint, Burning of Arbolito of fireworks, bulls, sports and recreational activities, exhibitions, cultural events, presentation of orchestras, ensembles and artists among others.
Coromotan orchids Bouquet of orchids that in the name of the Virgen del Coromoto is sent to Zaragoza - Spain. The ceremony is held every October 10 since 1971 in race 8 and the San Rafael Arcángel Church. It is received on October 12 in Zaragoza Hispanic and Discovery Day of America.

See also
States of Venezuela
Administrative divisions of Venezuela

References

https://web.archive.org/web/20130210021033/http://iies.faces.ula.ve/Proyecciones_de_Poblacion/Portuguesa.htm

States of Venezuela
States and territories established in 1909