text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace GraphExplorerMVC.Models
{
    public class Asset
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
        public string RawUrl { get; set; }
        public string Published { get; set; }
        public string Tag { get; set; }
        public virtual Application Application { get; set; }

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


SCI IS is looking to recruit a Web Developer for the New Year! Amongst others, tasks will include working on the MA and Q2A.
You can find the call here. We would appreciate it if you could share it with your networks and whoever you think might be interested.


I love how science points continuously to God our creator! It is exciting to be able to teach children about God's creation and in that process learn more about God and His handiwork. This course will be held every other week. The science topics will be on a 3-4 year rotation. Topics will include: astronomy, botany, chemistry, human anatomy and physiology, and zoology: land animals, flying and swimming creatures. Class time will always include hands on experiments, demonstrations, and games to reinforce the learning. We will also host special events depending on the year such as a science fair or puff-mobile contest. Between class times students will be expected to complete homework. As a homeschooling mom, I know you are the educator and feel my responsibility is to provide the framework, experiments, group work, and basic knowledge to assist you in your child's education.
The upper elementary will need to purchase the apologia textbook. It is optional for the lower elementary.
Students will also need a 3 ring notebook.
The 1st semester is due the first day of class in September and the 2 nd semester is due the 1st day of 2nd semester in January unless you have worked out a different payment plan with me. The 3rd and following sibling in the family will receive a 50% discount. There is also a 4 week (2 classes) drop policy with full refund minus $20 for copying fees and supplies that will already have been bought.
This will be my 3rd year teaching this class. I have taught elementary science as a public school teacher for 8 years. I have also taught this apologia curriculum in another coop when we lived in Iowa. I have my B.A. and M.A. in elementary education. My husband and I have always homeschooled our 6 children. I feel blessed to be able to do what I love to do with my children and I enjoy the opportunity to share my love of teaching with others.


'The life I wanted has already begun, and it's just beginning,' says Instagram influencer and dwarf model Dru Presta.
She is 22 and almost half as tall as a runway model.
But that hasn't stopped Dru Presta from walking the runway or endorsing a lingerie brand.
With half a million followers, Dru Presta is an Instagram influencer who talks about body positivity and mental health.
She inspires people of all ages with her unabashed attitude and pep talk.
Take a look at these pictures and you'll be amazed at her style and confidence.
She is very clear about her New Year resolution.
'This year is about to be even more about ME.
'No more apologizing for who I am.
On International Day of Persons with Disabilities, she shared this picture of her modelling for Parfait and wrote: 'A state of mind has so much power. Remember that when you think of a negative comment about yourself or others. Start changing that and no one will see a 'Disability person' but just, a PERSON.
She says it is important to remind yourself that you are beautiful just the way you are.
'The ocean, the beach is what calms me, rejuvenates my soul,' the beach lover added.
That's her with her gang of positive girls who inspire and empower her to chase her dreams.
On her 22nd birthday, she posted this picture from a few years ago and shared her little story transformation.
'This photo shoot started it all,' she said.
Who cares want everyone else wants, it's what YOU WANT. The life I wanted has already begun, and it's just beginning,' she shared.
Dru joined Instagram in 2012 when she was only 16. Today, she is on her way to have her own line of clothing.


text:
Man charged in Mayport crime spree accused in 2nd robbery
Slow moving storms move inland, fade this evening
FHP: Man, 38, killed in crash on Nassau County road
1 dead, 3 shot in Northwest Jacksonville
Jacksonville Sheriff's Office is looking for suspects
By Scott Johnson - Reporter, Kristin Cason - Assignment editor
Posted: 3:16 AM, November 04, 2015 Updated: 3:16 AM, November 04, 2015
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - Police are on the hunt for whoever pulled the trigger and shot four men in Northwest Jacksonville sending three people to the hospital and killing an 18-year-old Tuesday night.
Officials said the shooting happened just before 6 p.m. on Ella Street and Kings Road.
The Jacksonville Sheriff's Office has not released the name of the teen killed, but family members said it was 18-year-old Anthony Ray.
Police said Ray's body was found in a ditch with three other men who were also shot, but who were transported to a local hospital with non-life threatening injuries.
According to officials there was some sort of argument between the men and whoever was in the car.
Police said they did not know how many men were in the car but said they think there was more than one person.
News4Jax spoke with the father of Anthony Ray who said he and his family were devastated by what happened.
"This is outrageous for me, very outrageous. I don't know how to feel right now. It's more shocking then anything," said Roy Ray.
JSO is currently on the lookout for a car they described as a red Toyota Camry with a blue front passenger door.
Anyone with information on the shooting or the location of the car is asked to call Crime Stoppers at 866-845-TIPS.
Copyright 2015 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Vivai Piante Torre Giuseppe Andrea - Products - Vivai Piante Torre Giuseppe Andrea
Vivai Piante Torre Giuseppe Andrea +39 3334997303
ZERO RESIDUE
Synthetic pesticides below the limit of quantification of 0.01 mg/kg
Citrus Sinensis
An Orange tree can reach up to 12 meters high, with elliptical and leatherly leaves and white e flowers. Evergreen foliage and never reddish. The usual shape of orange is round and the colour of its pulp is orange. The peel is orange colour characterized by a slight roughness.
The rest period of the orange is only three months, so it happens that the flourish and fruit bears at the same time. The first fruits can be harvested in November (navelina), and the last ones in May - June (valencia late). An old orange tree produces about 500 fruits in a year.
Citrus Bergamia
A tree can reach to three and four meters high, with a crown in between. The flowers are white and fragrant. The leaves are glossy and coracious like orange and never fall even in winter. Flowers and new leaves appear as soon as the rainy season fnish in end of early March.
Its fruit is bigger than an orange but smaller and less round than a grape as it is flattened at the poles.; it has an intense yellow colour more than grape and less than lemon, the peel is smooth and thin like a grape.
Calamondino
Citrus Mitis
Calamondin is a very interesting plant from ornamental value. It is used a lot as houseplant, since it can adapt well with particularly dry environtments. It grows well in pot and can live inside our homes in whole cold season, then to be moved outside in the middle of spring.
Citrus Medica
The cedar (Citrus medica) tree is belong to the genus Citrus family Rutaceae. It is one of the three original citrus fruits from all other citrus types that known today, together with pomelo and mandarin. The name cedar, derived from the vulgarization of the Latin term citrus. However, it is ambiguous because coincidence with the translation of cedrus, the name given to the conifer (the famous cedars of Lebanon that supplied wood for many boats in the ancient period); this is why in some texts for citrus the term citro is also used.
Citrus Myrtifolia
The foliage are small, coriaceous, and similar to common myrtle. Unique among citrus fruits, chinotto has not thorns. The blossoms are small and white, very pleasant to see. The plant is suitable for cultivation in pots as ornamental plant.
The ripen fruits are orange with sour and bitterish flavour. It seems that the chinotto fruit has record that it can remain on the branch up to two years. Usually the fruits ripen by the middle of June. The plant fears cold temperature.
Citrus Australasica
Citrus Australasica originally is from Australia, commonly known as lemon caviar or Finger Lime because of the vesicles present in the fruit that is similar to caviar. The fresh globular vesicles have the effect of burst effervescent tangy flavour as they are chewed. Also the other citrus fruits (mandarins, lemons) have such vesicles, but the characteristic of this fruit is that they are not subdivided and compressed in the segments, besides being roundish.
It is a thorny understorey shrub with small edible fruits which are under development as commercial crops.
Clementine tree is similar to Mandarin, it slightly different that the leaves are larger and wider. The flowering and fruiting are slowly and irregularly, as it is depending to temperature changes.
The fruit similar to Mandarin: the main differences are the color of the pulp, much more orange. Moreover it is never flattened like mandarins, but always well round. The taste is more similar to orange, with a perfect balance between sour and sweet.
Hystrix
Citrus Papeda
The combava (scientific name Citrus hystrix DC.) is a citrus of the genus Citrus, whose origin has not yet been determined.
Some experts consider it as a hybrid between cedar and lime, other opinion that it is a spontaneous mutation of lime.
Its Latin denomination highlights incredible amount of thorns that the plant having, since hystrix means porcupine.
Fortunella Margarita
Kumquat (Chinese Mandarin) is a citrus fruit which is belonging to the Rutaceae family. The real botanical name is Fortunella (from the English scholar, Fortune, who introduced it for the first time in Europe, in 1848) and is mostly original to central China and secondari to Malaysia. This shrub can reach 3-4 meters of height.
It forms compact, slow-growing, densely branched shrubs, which sometimes have small thorn on the branches
Citrus aurantifolia
The lime, fruit known in Italian as "limetta", belongs to the rutaceae family. The scientific name is citrus aurantifolia. This citrus seems to be the crossing result between cedar and lemon. In fact it has many properties of lemon.
The lime plant reaches a maximum of 4-5 meters in height. It grows exclusively in the tropical zones and its fruits are almost spherical, green or yellow. It usually produces fruit throughout the year. It is picked between June and September, when the peel is still green.
Red Lime of Rangpur
Citrus Limonia
Rangpur Lime (Citrus Limonia) is a tree with slightly bushy. The plant possesses fruits similar to lemons, orange colour with particular smell and taste.
The fruit is nothing more than a red lemon, a little smaller than a normal lemon.
The peel becomes red from the first ripening, the pulp, with some seeds, sour with a fresh flavor.
The lemon (Citrus limon) is a fruit tree which is belonging to the Rutaceae family.
The common name lemon can refer both the plant and its fruit.
According to the genetic studies, the lemon is a hybrid between bitter orange and cedar.
The fruit is yellow outside and almost colourless inside, spherical up to oval shape, often with a bump at the apex and pointed at the other end. The peel can be very rough to very smooth
Limone Meyer
It is probably a natural hybrid between lemon (Citrus limon) and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). It blooms incessantly and especially after the prunings. It recreates in a short time a compact crown with very scented violet white flowers. The fruits are similar to lemon, but less sour and very rich of juice. It is much appreciated for its resistance to low temperatures and its ornamental value.
Red Lemon
Red Lemon (Citrus limonimedica pigmentata) is a fruit tree with high ornamental value. In winter the fruits turn to red or bright orange, wrinkled peel and elongated shape, very decorative.
The plant has oval, glossy intense green color leaves and scented white flowers in spring and summer.
In winter keep the plant away from frost, put in bright place with constant temperatures and watering it with moderation.
Citrus Reticulata
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) is a fruit tree belonging to the Rutaceae family. It is one of the three original citrus fruits of the genus Citrus together with cedar and pomelo. Mandarin has certainly acquired historical importance, as it is the only one who has sweet fruit among the three original (cedar, pomelo and mandarin). Almost all the citrus fruits that we know today (e.g. lemon, lime, oranges) have developed by crossing with Mandarin.
Hands of Buddha
Citrus Medica var. sarcodactylus
Typical shape of the fruit originates in the early phase division of its segments, where each segment tends to develop not homogeneously with others, but as a unit in its own right. The result is a not spherical shape of the fruit, but jagged and divided into various growths. On the basis of this form, which resembles a human hand, people in oriental have attributed the name with commonly known hands of Buddha
Citrus Paradisi
The grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) is a fruit tree belonging to the genus Citrus, and to the family of citris. The common name grape fruit can refer to both the fruit and its tree. It is an ancient hybrid, probably between the sweet orange and the pomelo, but for centuries it has been an autonomous species which multiplied by cutting and by grafting. The fruit is yellow, with a globose appearance and a diameter of 10-15 cm and is composed of colourless segments.
Citrus Ichangensis x Citrus Reticulata
The plant of Yuzu (Citrus ichangensis) is a fruit tree from East Asia, produces fruits similar to mandarins, orange colour, very aromatic and sour taste similar to grapefruit, but with hints of Mandarin. It loves the acidic soil, with a good quantity of peat, well drained and rich of humus. Drainage is very important: any stagnation of water can cause root roten that cause the plant to die.
Vivai Piante Torre Giuseppe Andrea
Via Comunale Acquitta, 40
98050 TERME VIGLIATORE (ME)
C.F.: TRR GPP 68R08 F206I - P. IVA: IT 01 827 760 834
Codice Univoco: M5UXCR1
mail: vivaitorre@virgilio.it
mail: amministrazione.vivaitorre@gmail.com
PEC: giuseppetorre68@pec.it
Via della Campana - C/da Piana - Tonnarella
98054 Furnari (ME)
Sito realizzato da Sa.Ma.Ja. - Grafica milos.ky


Distractions that lure you and your employees away from work can greatly reduce performance and production. A few simple changes in work habits and the tools used to promote productivity can help you avoid distractions at work.
Email-Checking Habits. Checking work email is important, but when employees do it every few minutes it interrupts concentration and decreases productivity. Encourage designated email-checking times to avoid interrupting workflow.
Social Media. Encourage use of social media for business goals, while equipping employees with software that shows how time spent on personal social media is taking away from their focus.
Time Management. Improve time management skills by supplying employees with a tool that shows them how their time is used. Software time clock programs or apps, such as those FingerCheck, help employees see exactly how their time is being used.
Benefits of Maintaining Focus at Work Although increased performance and productivity is an obvious benefit of being focused at work, it's not the only benefit you and your employees can enjoy. Improvements in productivity and performance will cause a ripple effect that leads to greater job satisfaction, a sense of accomplishment and increased employee morale. This cycle of success will continue to produce multiple benefits at the individual employee level, as well as company-wide.


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Third Eye è il terzo album in studio di Redd Kross. È stato pubblicato dalla Atlantic Records il 14 settembre 1990. Include "Annie's Gone", che ha raggiunto il numero 16 nella classifica dei brani alternativi di Billboard. La donna nuda mascherata sulla copertina dell'album è Sofia Coppola. Il chitarrista della band Robert Hecker ha fornito la voce in "1976", facendo una rappresentazione di Paul Stanley, che ha portato le persone a credere che Stanley cantasse.

Alex Henderson di AllMusic ha dato all'album 4,5 stelle su 5, dicendo: "Mentre alcuni appassionati di punk mancavano al vecchio Kross, questo album decente ma non eccezionale dimostra che la band era ancora utile all'alba degli anni '90". Greg Sandow di Entertainment Weekly ha dato all'album un voto con B, dicendo: "I loro echi inquietanti degli anni '60 devono essere presi con una montagna o due di ironia, che - presa la tua scelta - dà profondità all'album, oppure pesa l'incantevole gruppo di piccole melodie con più significato di quanto loro possano sopportare facilmente."

Tracce

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Now curious about using a table in this game since they posted an update with the note "RIP cheat engine."
Hoping for: XP, gold, skill points.
I 2nd this. It seems the newest update they did something and blocked all CE. I can't seem to get the values anymore. I am still going to try.


This instruction manual is ready as a advisor to the various faculties of administration for undergraduate and put up graduate scholars. it's also a resource of reference for practioners of industrial management, administration, Finance, Economics, and different enterprise comparable classes. each one bankruptcy of this ebook highlights a college of administration, its contributions to the examine of administration in addition to person contribution to every institution. additionally taken care of are the criticisms of every tuition in a really concise manner.
Nutrients provide Chain Management:Economic, Social and Environmental views is especially diversified from components provide chain administration as will be obvious from the expanding wellbeing and fitness, defense and environmental issues which are more and more garnering the public's recognition approximately varied nutrients provide chain difficulties.
The matter with so much Hoshin Kanri books is they describe a fancy method that's overwhelming to such a lot leaders and their companies. the necessity to basically switch the tradition of the complete association to make Hoshin paintings isn't sensible for many businesses whilst first beginning out. the fundamentals of Hoshin Kanri makes use of an easy-to-follow tale structure to simplify and clarify Hoshin Kanri – a mode for method deployment.
Seminar paper from the 12 months 2014 within the topic company economics - enterprise administration, company Governance, grade: "A", Atlantic foreign college (SOCIAL AND HUMAN STUDIES), direction: schooling, language: English, summary: This path explores the definition of management, makes an research of the kinds of management and characteristics of management which have an effect on a firm.
An insightful, real-world examine the abilities latest international management calls for best throughout Borders is the management advisor for the hot enterprise surroundings. The world's monetary middle of gravity is moving at a fast velocity – large rising economies have already emerged. As companies function in an more and more worldwide context, the main profitable leaders may be able to see during the eyes of others and to listen to the voices of shoppers and co-workers from worldwide.


In the past month I have really upgraded my home studio equipment in order to keep making better and better headshots for my Albuquerque clients. Krish was my first client to be photographed with my new Westcott Strobelite Plus studio light which was connected to my new, gigantic 55" octagonal softbox. For the headshot above, which Krish is already using on his Linkedin profile (see here), I used just the Stroblite in the giant softbox resulting in very soft shadows and light falloff, complemented with using a 50mm lens with large aperture for the shallow depth of focus look. Krish let me kind of experiment with this shot and I think it is a great look that I hope more future clients choose as well for a modern, creative business headshot.
For this headshot I placed one light angled behind Krish along with the big strobe light and sofbox angled to the front to create depth and definition with slight shadow on the face. This is another modern headshot look I like a lot.
Use the buttons below to make an appointment to come to my new, upgraded home studio in Albuquerque, New Mexico to get great headshots like these to impress on your Linkedin profile, on your own business website and anywhere online!


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Comic Books Featured Reviews
Critical Review: DC's "New 52" Batman Titles Part 1
Gotham's Caped Crusader and his pointy eared cohorts have a staggering list of books coming out each month. We've got of course Batman and then there's Detective Comics, Batman The Dark Knight, Batman & Robin, Catwoman, Batwoman, Batgirl, Nightwing and finally Batwing. Oh and then you know, he's a member of the Justice League.
Now that we're heading into DC's New 52 3rd issues, I feel it's a good time to actually step back and take a look at where these new series are going. It's really unfair to judge a book on just one issue and you won't see that being done around here, at least by me. So I'll be going over most of the "new" titles and letting you know what I feel are the best titles and which books I won't be bothering with again.
Gotham's Caped Crusader and his pointy eared cohorts have a staggering list of books coming out each month. We've got of course Batman and then there's Detective Comics, Batman The Dark Knight, Batman & Robin, Catwoman, Batwoman, Batgirl, Nightwing and finally Batwing. Oh and then you know, he's a member of the Justice League. I'll be honest and say I haven't read Batwing or Batwoman, so I can't and won't comment on them. They may be fantastic, but my utility belt is already overflowing with bat-content and I'm either not familiar with the character (Batwing), or just not interested (Batwoman). We're just going to focus on Batman, Detective, Dark Knight and Batman & Robin in this article, I'm not made out of time over here.
Out of all of these, Detective Comics stands out the most for me and the one that had me eagerly awaiting issue number 2. Tony Salvador Daniel is nailing it in both art and the excellent horror-esque writing really sets this book apart from the rest of the pack. I'm not too keen on Tomeu Morey's painterly coloring but it's not the end of the world. The storytelling is very much "detective-y" going through Batman's motions as he pins down who he's looking for through forensics and old fashioned…detective work. There is a moment in the first issue that is a little heavy handed where Batman says "Forget about it Joker. You can't run. I own the night!" which is super cheesy but I have to be honest and I did kind of cheer at it. The introduction of this Dollmaker villain and his ties with the Joker are interesting and I really want to see where it's going. Especially with the surprise ending of issue 2, which seems to be a theme in these books.
Batman is written by Scott Snyder of American Vampire and numerous Batman titles in the past. Filling in on interior art is Greg Capullo, who's art has grown better and better over the years and really shines with this new title. I can't help but see a little bit of Twitch in Commissioner Gordon though. Batman seems to deal more with Batman/Bruce Wayne and his relationship to Gotham City and his family's history there. At least that's how I see it forming up so far. There's an excellent exchange between Bruce/Batman and Dick/Nightwing in the Batcave, Alfred also shines in the series so far. What I'm really loving so far about these new issues that they're introducing new players into the game. Take the mysterious assassin in Batman, who works for the Court of Owls, who aren't supposed to exist for example. Someone who actually went toe to toe with Batman and almost manages to kill him. Like the Dollmaker, I can't wait to find out who and what this Court of Owls is about. An overall good title showcasing all of the Dark Knight's many skills.
Moment's like these really help Batman shine and show that a Batman title doesn't have to always be all "I own the night!"
Speaking of the Dark Knight, we're not done yet, 2 more titles to go, and I'm only brushing the surface here. The Dark Knight is on my "I'm not terribly fond of you, but I kind of want to see what's going to happen." list. I like the whole opening with the idea of fear and it's power over people and how Batman is supposed to be fearless. It's really neat and I was hoping for some Scarecrow action, who happens to be one of my favorites in the Rogue's Gallery. The idea of a drug that takes away fear is really interesting, not sure why it turns Two-Face into a giant hulking monster other than the fact that David Finch really likes drawing giant hulking brutes with lots of muscle definition. The twist at the end of issue 2 just made me cringe.
When you've just read Detective Comics it makes no sense. Doesn't DC have team meetings where they go over everyone's scripts and try to make them fit together? The events in Detective and Batman can plausibly happen within the same month or similar timeframe, but Dark Knight just destroys the illusion of a cohesive "relaunch". I know that's a really nit-picky thing to do in comics, but what's the point of doing a "re-launch" if it's not to make your universe solidified and merged? I'll be honest and say I didn't read Flashpoint, but I got the gist of it that somehow multiple timelines were streamlined into one and that's why things are so weird. What I don't understand is that it seems that all of the events of Return of Bruce Wayne/Battle for the Cowl seem to have taken place, but then in Justice League, nobody knows anyone and Batman is still pretty much a myth. Once again, doesn't DC have meetings about this?
Batman & Robin is all about Bruce and Damian coming to grips with their father/son and hero/sidekick dynamics. Bruce really wants to be a good father, like he was with Tim and Dick, but Damian came to him with so much emotional baggage that it's really difficult. When in the field Batman constantly has to rein Damian in and keep him from using deadly force. The idea of a child that young being what can only be described as a psychopath really hits hard in this book. Damian constantly tries to impress upon Bruce that he's not a child, and is in full "Quit treating me like a child." mode all the time. I just want to hit him. There is a soul crushing moment in issue 2 that Alfred is witness to and really hits home how broken their relationship has become.
Having Batman as a father must be AWESOME.
As far as the storyline goes I really don't know who the Morgan guy is and what he has against the Batman, Inc initiative, which I'm honestly not fond of anyways. How much longer until each one of them gets their own book? That also goes back to "What happened to this re-launch idea?" I was speaking of before. All I'm asking for is a bit of cohesive storytelling.
Overall I am enjoying the Bat-titles, and I look forward to them each month so far. If you're still on the fence I'd say give Detective and Batman a chance. I don't really see Dark Knight or Batman & Robin staying in my pull box much longer honestly. I'll be working through the whole list of titles over the next month so keep a look out for these Critical Reviews.
Tags 52, batman, comics, critical, DC, joker, new, reviews, robin, two-face
← MAD! Returns with Avenging Spider-Man! → Creating A Universe


The spent hops are discarder in smaller breweries, but in larger breweries they are sometimes mixed with the spent grain and dried. If spent hops are added to the spent grain in the same proportion they are produced, they will constitute about 5% of the total mixture, which will not affect the palatability or nutritive value of the dried brewer's grain.
Extracted hops are so bitter as to be unpalatable and are very low in digestibility.


The Friends of the Cherryvale Public Library is a volunteer organization with membership open to anyone. The group meets on the first Thursday of every other month to schedule events and plan programs to support the library.
In January, the Friends begin work for their Annual Valentine's Day Cookie Fundraiser where they bake, decorate and sell over 2,000 cookies. That money is used to support the library with items like new computers, books and movies. The Friends also give a continuing education scholarship to the winner of a high school essay contest and organize and sponsor the Halloween Book-n-Treat where every child in the community receives a free book. Other events and activities include Game Night with Friends at the library and the Dessert Contest and Sampler.
In 2015, the Friends of the Cherryvale Public Library kicked off a new program, Book Buddies, a new library delivery service. Cherryvale residents who are homebound for any reason, whether temporary or permanent, can use their library account for pickup and delivery of library books twice each month.
Membership in Friends is available by stopping in at the library or coming to any meeting during the year.


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Academic Hubris and the Puzzling Case of Judge Posner
-- Posted by Neil H. Buchanan
I am serving on GW's Appointments Committee this year. (Condolences and flowers may be sent to my office address.) The law professor hiring process includes the annual "faculty recruitment conference" -- aka the "meat market," for lack of an animal-friendly snarky shorthand for the event -- in which first-round interviews for nearly all law schools take place at the Wardman Park Hotel in Washington every October. With those interviews having taken place this past weekend, I have been thinking about my own experiences on the entry-level market.
In my case, however, I have two sets of experiences, because I participated on the entry-level market as an economist, and then when I changed career directions, again in the entry-level market for law professors. One anecdote from those experiences stands out, and provides a (perhaps tenuous) bridge to discussing the evolution of Judge Richard Posner, a legal scholar and jurist who also claims to know something about economics.
In economics, as in most fields, the young scholar is advised not to "think big" in her or his dissertation research. Be incremental and simply work from existing paradigms, adding a bell or whistle to an existing line of literature. Although there are plenty of reasons to be cynical about that advice, it is inherently sound. Why, after all, should a 25-year-old think that she or he is the once-in-a-generation superstar who already sees that a new idea requires not just to be taken seriously, but that the new idea turns all existing knowledge on its head? The incrementalist approach is in some ways incapacitating, but the alternative risks absurd grandiosity.
When I was on the entry-level market, a former friend from grad school (who was a couple of years ahead of me) was excited to tell me that his college had decided to interview me, and he told me that I was a shoo-in to make it to the next stage. At the interview, however, he began, "How is your research going to change economics as we know it?" He was serious. I told him that my research would not change economics as we know it, and no one else's would, either. He persisted, but I was honest and told him what I thought. Afterward, he told me that I had blown it, because my "thinking is too small." (Update: In the decades since that interview, his research has not changed economics as we know it.)
Why is that relevant here? When I went on the legal academic market, I kept thinking about that ridiculous moment when I was invited -- all but commanded -- to describe my ambitions with over-the-top grandiosity. If I were asked that question in a law school interview, what would I say? Maybe, I thought, my answer would be something like this doozy: "I'm here to save the world from Richard Posner." Of course, I only would have said such a thing self-mockingly, because everyone should know that such a thing is ridiculous. Not even the most stellar academic career could "save the world from Richard Posner," whom Professor Dorf recently (and correctly) described as "the greatest judge of his generation and one of the two most influential American judges never to sit on the Supreme Court."
No sensible academic would start his career by thinking that Posner's legacy could be argued out of existence. To the extent that my comically exaggerated characterization could capture something meaningful, therefore, it would mean that it is important to have people with advanced training in economics who wanted to use that training to poke holes in the then-ascendant "law and economics movement" (which is how the movement's adherents talk about their research agenda).
In some ways, then, Posner was merely a stand-in for the whole Chicago-inspired attempt to turn simplistic utilitarian, rational-choice based, anti-government economic thinking into a legal school of thought. Posner is not an economist, but he is obviously arrogant enough to think that he does not need to be one, even though he claims to be applying their insights. And he certainly has never been shy about deriding notions of "fairness" as mere sentimentality, if they stand in the way of his particular view about how a case should come out.
Even so, Posner's use of economics was almost always opportunistic. He would invoke economic terms like "marginal utility" to recast arguments in economic terms, even when the argument did not need to be translated into economics-ese. For example, in one exchange with Professor Fuller, Posner insisted on calling morals "interdependent utility functions," which advanced the argument not at all.
And then there is Sex and Reason, his 1992 book that Professor Carol Sanger eviscerated in a 1993 article in USC's law review (He's Gotta Have It, 66 Southern Cal. L. Rev. 1221). Sanger correctly called out his panorama of "just so" stories, in which people end up being gay only after having struck out when the "market for heterosexual partners" had cleared, or rape is possibly only an unpaid-for economic transaction.
Even as he was earning his stripes as a conservative hero, however, Posner was willing to go his own way. In a 1983 contracts case arising from Indiana, Morin Bldg. Products v. Baystone Construction, Posner was willing to see past seemingly clear contract language to allow a reasonableness standard to guide a contract. True, Posner went way out of his way to assure his compatriots that his decision would not "strike at the foundations of the freedom of K," but he was still open-minded enough to see past ideology.
More politically potent was his stance in Hope Clinic v. Ryan, 195 F.3d 857 (7th Cir. 1999) (en banc), in which Posner wrote the opinion declaring that "partial-birth abortion" bans were unconstitutional. It is plausible to say that Posner was simply being a pure libertarian there, much more true to the real Ayn Rand than the religious zealots in Congress and elsewhere who selectively invoke her views. But it seems that something more was at work.
The occasion for Professor Dorf's column (and blog post) praising Posner was the recent 7th Circuit decision striking down bans on same-sex marriage. There, Posner was brilliant in tearing down the arguments that opponents of SSM had put before the court. In the short time since then, Posner has again made headlines by penning a devastating dissent in a case that allowed Wisconsin's restrictive Voter ID law to take effect (a decision that the Supreme Court quickly reversed).
Posner's opinion was so politically salient that the Talking Points Memo blog published "9 Scathing Quotes From Judge Posner's Dissent Against WI Voter ID." Number 1 reads: "Some of the 'evidence' of voter-impersonation fraud is downright goofy, if not paranoid, such as the nonexistent buses that according to the 'True the Vote' movement transport foreigners and reservation Indians to polling places." Number 8 reads: "There is only one motivation for imposing burdens on voting that are ostensibly designed to discourage voter-impersonation fraud, if there is no actual danger of such fraud, and that is to discourage voting by persons likely to vote against the party responsible for imposing the burdens." (I would not describe the others as all "scathing," but that is hardly the point.)
In some ways, this could simply be another example of Posner seeing a case and being agile enough to write an opinion that supports his predetermined outcome. But we know that Posner has been quite clear about being "guilty" of bad reasoning in an earlier Voter ID case, and if anything, he is now saying that his eyes are opened by new evidence, and also by being willing to look past rhetoric to determine motive.
Posner is certainly no liberal, but as with so much of the political/legal universe, what used to be called simple realism now exists almost exclusively on the liberal side of the divide. Even the late Chief Justice Rehnquist reportedly looked around in his later years and wondered where all the crazy people in his camp had come from.
It might be said, in any case, that Richard Posner has saved the world from Richard Posner, as only he could.
Posted by Neil H. Buchanan at 10:44 AM
Mark Tushnet said...
Aspirations for dissertations differ across fields and over time. A favorite example of mine is Paul Dirac's PhD thesis from April 1926, entitled, simply "Quantum Mechanics" (and written in hand). It's available at http://www.academia.edu/323246/PhD_Thesis_of_Paul_Dirac.
Michael C. Dorf said...
That's a great example, Mark. I think there may also be a baseline effect. I'm teaching a seminar this semester on academic legal writing and one of the things I tell the students is to be bold. I do so mostly to counteract the message they get from the law journals in selecting Note topics, which appears to be something like "look for circuit splits on obscure issues."
Meanwhile, I'll see Judge Posner at a conference on Thursday and Friday (about which I'll blog on Thursday and possibly in follow-ups).
Esegall said...
Neil, your blog implies that Posner is somewhat result oriented in his judging. I don't think that is a fair critique,at least of the Posner of recent years. He seeks evidence and data more fairly than any judge I know. He has his predispositions of course (deference most of the time), and he'd be the first to admit that, but he does not approach cases with a serious ideological bent, other than he won't accept silly and obviously flawed arguments.
"he does not approach cases with a serious ideological bent, other than he won't accept silly and obviously flawed arguments"
By chance, the "non-silly and not obviously flawed" arguments sorta lean a certain way in close cases.
Neil H. Buchanan said...
In response to Esegall, the post agrees with you, in that you limit it to "the Posner of more recent years." That was my point. He's still conservative, but he's become a lot more open to evidence and data over the years.
Sorry I misread. I'm not sure he is "conservative" at all anymore and that is after two joint projects and much discussion.
And speaking of changing over the years, Neil, I certainly hope you'll be watching ESPN tonight at 9 to watch how basketball used to and should be played :)
Very interesting. I guess it would have been more precise if I had written: "I don't have enough information to say that he's no longer conservative, but ..." He's a fascinating character, especially when contrasted with his supposed twin Easterbrook, who really is a movement conservative (and truly unpleasant, to boot).
As to the 70's Knicks, kudos to their accomplishments. According to Mike, however, the 2014 Spurs did it even more perfectly. (I stopped watching basketball about three years ago.)
rhj1954 said...
Posner has gone from being a pragmatic Holmesian judge to a reincarnation of Justice William O. Douglas. Sad, indeed.
cheyanne said...
Does Posner's explanation of how he decided to uphold a voter ID law in Crawford vs. Marion County Board of Education reflect the reality of how judicial decisions are made?
Reading Posner's article 'I Did Not "Recant" on Voter ID Laws' (in The New Republic of October 27, 2013) I was struck by his reasoning. He explains that he was not sufficiently knowledgeable of the election process.
Then Posner then explains how he reached a decision in such asituation.
Evin Terna said...
"I'm here to save the world from Richard Posner." Of course, I only would have said such a thing self-mockingly, because everyone should know that such a thing is ridiculous. Not even the most stellar academic career could "save the world from Richard Posner," whom Professor Dorf recently (and correctly) described as "the greatest judge of his generation and one of the two most influential American judges never to sit on the Supreme Court."Cheap FIFA Coins
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Interfaith / News
George Carey only defends Old England
by Matthew Smith · 12th February, 2012
Recently there were two court cases which further established the secularism of the British state, despite its nominal Christian character: one involved an atheist councillor in Bideford, Devon, who resigned from a council after they refused to end their Christian prayers before each meeting, and the other involved a Christian couple who owned a guest-house in Cornwall, and refused to rent a double room to a gay male couple. In the first, brought by the National Secular Society, the court found that the inclusion of prayers on the agendas of such meetings was unlawful because of what the Daily Mail called "a technicality in the Local Government Act 1972"; as Ouseley said, quoted in the Guardian:
A local authority has no powers under section 111 of the Local Government Act 1972 to hold prayers as part of a formal local authority meeting or to summon councillors to such a meeting at which prayers are on the agenda.
The saying of prayers in a local authority chamber before a formal meeting of such a body is lawful provided councillors are not formally summoned to attend.
In the second, the court of appeal ruled that the couple had acted unlawfully in refusing to allow the couple, who were in a civil partnership, to occupy a double room (they were prepared to rent them two singles) and refused to overturn a 3,600 fine. The couple had argued that they have the same policy regarding unmarried heterosexual couples, but the judge ruled:
Whilst the appellants' beliefs about sexual practice may not find the acceptance that once they did, nevertheless a democratic society must ensure that their espousal and expression remain open to those who hold them.
It would be unfortunate to replace legal oppression of one community (homosexual couples) with legal oppression of another (those sharing the appellants' beliefs).
However, in a pluralist society it is inevitable that from time to time, as here, views, beliefs and rights of some are not compatible with those of others. As I have made plain, I do not consider that the appellants face any difficulty in manifesting their religious beliefs. They are merely prohibited from so doing in the commercial context they have chosen.
From a Muslim perspective, I entirely sympathise with the position of this couple. For one thing, the prohibition on homosexuality is well-established in almost every major religion, including mine, the Jewish religion and every branch of Christianity which is the long-established religion of this country. There is a major difference between tolerance for people who identify as gay and facilitating behaviour of any sort that one's religion clearly disapproves of. For example, Muslim restaurant-owners often refuse to sell alcohol, and many of those refuse to even tolerate the consumption of alcohol on the premises, because they do not wish to be facilitating the consumption of alcohol because it is against their religion (others operate a "bring your own" policy). A few years ago, I asked a well-known religious scholar if it would be acceptable to run a cafe which sourced its coffee from a company which had been owned by a brewery company, and was told that I should not even be considering that line of business because I would be hosting people who were not appropriately dressed, men who were gazing at women, and people who were gossiping. If religious people are not required to tolerate the consumption of pork or alcohol or other prohibited foodstuffs on their premises, it follows that private owners of hostelries should not be required to facilitate sexual acts that are prohibited in their religion on their property.
The secularist attitude to religion at the moment seems to consist of the position that people are free to believe in whatever fairy tales they like, as long as they do not "try to impose it on anyone else" (to the extent that some of them even dispute the right of parents to bring up their children in their own religion, insisting on referring to "children of Muslims" rather than Muslim children). They are entitled to believe that our beliefs are mere fairy tales, but they are not entitled to expect us to behave as if that's what our beliefs are. They also blur important distinctions and make false moral equivalences: they treat race, sex and sexual preference as if they were equivalent (simply because the law regards them as protected categories), proper religions with sects and cults, what religions say with what religious people do, laws which are constant over millennia with customs that are prevalent at one time. One article, published in the New Statesman last November, makes the following comparison:
The law says this is wrong. That "the God worshipped by the Bulls does not" is, though unfortunate, irrelevant. Discrimination is discrimination, whether it stems from the playground or a Holy Book.
It is only her belief that God is equal to a common playground bully, yet this is something her ilk expect those of us with a religious belief to just accept, and behave as if it were true. The same article argues that refusing a room to a gay male couple is like refusing one to a mixed-race couple, because you might disapprove of sex between people of different races, as many people did in the American South in the 1920s. Well, we are not in the American South, this is not the 1920s, the Southern Baptist church are not very prominent here and even they have moved on from the opinions of their leaders then: that was just an opinion that was widely held then and had nothing to do with religious belief. There is no religious prohibition on interracial marriage, and never was. The prohibition on sexual acts between members of the same sex (and, indeed, unmarried couples) has been a constant; the notion of people being expected to facilitate it, regardless of religious belief, is an aberration of the last generation, and a humiliation I do not doubt the enemies of religion enjoy.
George Carey, the former archbishop of Canterbury, wrote an article that was published in yesterday's Daily Mail, and consisted of one of the usual rambles about the de-Christianisation of Britain that are so beloved of that paper. (He earlier published a complaint about the BBC abandoning the use of the BC/AD dating convention and this is the same man who claimed that the "greatest moral scandal" facing Britain today was the scale of public debt — that is not online, for some reason.) He moans:
Weve become enslaved to multiculturalism, political correctness and so-called equal rights, so obsessed with the idea of minimising any possible offence to any minority group that we dont seem to have realised that one of the great British human qualities tolerance has now been replaced by intolerance.
Indeed, in the name of so-called tolerance, Christians are not being tolerated. Increasingly, politicians tell us that the justification for all this is that we now live in a secular democracy. But we dont. Nor do we live in the theocracy that so many of them seem to believe is the alternative.
… Since the September 11 attacks, we seem to have become obsessed with not upsetting British Muslims, while successive pieces of legislation means the rights of homosexuals now seem to trump those of everyone else.
Including the rights of some Christians to express or act on views that, although at odds with mainstream thinking, are sincerely held and have been a part of Christian teaching for centuries. Im not saying these views are right, but I am saying that in Britain, of all places, they should be tolerated, understood and accommodated.
I didn't notice the tabloids who ran a diatribe against the Muslim community lasting several years, attacking Muslim women's choices of dress and any concession to Muslim sensitivities (even though many of them were demonstrably false and others having been paid for), making any effort to avoid offending Muslims. This has been linked to physical attacks on Muslims which, in one case, led to a London imam losing his sight. More upmarket right-wing papers, including the Evening Standard, which was then under the same ownership as the Mail, also ran articles of a more "scholarly" nature that attacked Muslims on dubious or outright false grounds and accused us of "sacralising" public spaces. The vilification increased, as might be expected, with each major terrorist incident, so it is not true that "they" had become "obsessed with not upsetting British Muslims" since September 2001.
As he rightly says, Muslims generally do not want non-Muslims to tone down their religious celebrations to please us (as long as we are not expected to join in, particularly in the religious aspects of the celebrations or in parties where non-halaal food or alcohol is served), but most of the occasions where it has been alleged to have happened are media exaggerations or fabrications (like the perennial "Winterval" urban myth which was repeated in the Daily Mail numerous times until they saw fit to publish a correction a few months ago). More to the point, Muslims hold most of the same values he is defending in this article, yet he seizes the opportunty to get a dig in at Muslims who would do the same as that couple — that is, if they suspected that the same organisations that pay for legal actions and get quoted in the media when Christians do it would help them. However, I suspect they wouldn't.
Carey is simply defending an "old England" in which his church was powerful, where most people went to church (which they had largely stopped doing long before he became an archbishop), in which Anglican worship preceded official business in both local and national government, in which minorities knew their place and the mainstream (white, Anglican) culture could tread without having to consider where others' toes were. Those days are gone, as second and third generation members of originally immigrant religious minorities exist who no longer feel the need to act like they are foreign guests when they know no other country. He is not really interested in those values, otherwise he would not pepper a purported defence of them with attacks on those who share them. Much of the country's ethnic and religious minorities take an even stronger line on homosexuality than he does, but would rather live in a country where there is room for us and the gays than in the world of Carey and the Daily Mail, where there is room for neither.
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SUBCHAPTER X. Preferred Provider Plans
The Texas Department of Insurance proposes an amendment to §3.3703 concerning insurer contracting arrangements with preferred providers. This amendment is necessary to implement Senate Bill (SB) 50 enacted during the 79th Regular Legislative Session. Consistent with SB 50, the amendment to §3.3703 requires that upon request from a preferred provider, an insurer shall include a provision in the provider contract providing that the insurer or the insurer's clearinghouse may not deny or refuse to process an electronic clean claim because the claim is submitted in a batch of claims that contains claims that are deficient. The proposed amendment includes the contracting requirement provided by SB 50 and adds further language regarding the meaning of a batch submission. The proposed language clarifies that the reference to a batch submission is a reference to existing federal standardized transactions and provides that a batch submission is a group of electronic claims which are submitted for processing at the same time within a HIPAA standard ASC X12N 837 Transaction Set and identified by a batch control number . Although the department has, elsewhere in this edition of the Texas Register, proposed language regarding the meaning of batch submissions, insurers must avoid reading the language of SB 50 and the proposed language too narrowly. The language of the statute and the proposed amendment also apply to clean claims that are submitted "together with" claims that are deficient. This language is broader than the term "batch submission" and includes groups of claims that may or may not be properly classified as a batch submission for federal standardized transactions. Therefore, insurers should not inappropriately focus on whether claims that are submitted together are in a batch submission that meets the federal regulatory definition.
The department will consider the adoption of the proposed amendment in a public hearing under Docket No. 2615 scheduled for September 7, 2005, at 10:00 a.m. in Room 100 of the William P. Hobby Jr. State Office Building, 333 Guadalupe Street in Austin, Texas.
Kimberly Stokes, Senior Associate Commissioner for Life, Health and Licensing, has determined that for each year of the first five years the proposed section will be in effect, there will be no fiscal impact to state and local governments as a result of the enforcement or administration of the rule. There will be no measurable effect on local employment or the local economy as a result of the proposal.
Ms. Stokes has determined that for each year of the first five years the section is in effect, the public benefits anticipated as a result of the proposed section will be the implementation of SB 50, which gives preferred providers the ability to request that an insurer include a provision in the provider contract indicating that the insurer will not deny or refuse to process an otherwise clean claim submitted in a batch of claims that may contain deficient claims. This will give preferred providers increased notice of the obligations that an insurer has to process clean claims that are submitted in accordance with the process required by the insurer. Any cost to persons required to comply with this section for each year of the first five years the proposed section will be in effect is the result of enactment of SB 50 and not the result of the adoption, enforcement, or administration of this section. Because any potential costs are mandated by the statute and insurers should be able to include this language in provider contracts at the request of a preferred provider regardless of the size of the insurer, it would be neither legal nor feasible to waive or modify the requirements for insurers that are small or micro businesses.
To be considered, written comments on the proposal must be submitted no later than 5:00 p.m. on September 6, 2005 , to Gene C. Jarmon, General Counsel and Chief Clerk, Mail Code 113-2A, Texas Department of Insurance, P. O. Box 149104 , Austin , Texas 78714-9104 . An additional copy of the comment must be simultaneously submitted to Kimberly Stokes, Mail Code 107-2A, Texas Department of Insurance, P.O. Box 149104 , Austin , Texas 78714-9104 .
The amendments are proposed under Insurance Code §§1301.0641 and 36.001. Section 1301.0641 provides that if requested by a preferred provider an insurer shall include a provision in the preferred provider's contract providing that the insurer or the insurer's clearinghouse may not refuse to process or pay an electronically submitted clean claim because the claim is submitted together with or in a batch submission with a claim that is deficient. Section 36.001 provides that the Commissioner of Insurance may adopt any rules necessary and appropriate to implement the powers and duties of the Texas Department of Insurance under the Insurance Code and other laws of this state.
The following statute is affected by this proposal: Insurance Code §1301.0641
(a) An insurer marketing a preferred provider benefit plan must contract with physicians and health care providers to assure that all medical and health care services and items contained in the package of benefits for which coverage is provided, including treatment of illnesses and injuries, will be provided under the plan in a manner that assures both availability and accessibility of adequate personnel, specialty care, and facilities. Each contract must meet the following requirements:
(1) - (21) (No change.)
(22) Upon request by a preferred provider, an insurer shall include a provision in the preferred provider's contract providing that the insurer and the insurer's clearinghouse may not refuse to process or pay an electronically submitted clean claim because the claim is submitted together with or in a batch submission with a claim that is deficient. As used in this section, the term batch submission is a group of electronic claims submitted for processing at the same time within a HIPAA standard ASC X12N 837 Transaction Set and identified by a batch control number. This paragraph applies to a contract entered into or renewed on or after January 1, 2006.
(b) - (c) (No change.)


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Clare Ferguson
One of Europe's most prominent food stylists, consultants and culinary advisors
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Clare Ferguson is one of Europe's most prominent food stylists, consultants and culinary advisors, working for a variety of major international food and wine producers. Her colourful and gutsy personality ensures she is constantly in demand as a food columnist, consultant, broadcaster, commentator and guest chef.
London based, Clare was born and bred in New Zealand, and has worked in the food industry in England and Europe. Clare believes passionately in the enjoyment of eating and the production and preparation of high quality, good looking food. She travels widely in search of new ideas. Clare has worked for over two decades as one of Europe's top rated food stylists for stills and TV commercials and this work has taken her all over the world.
Clare has been Contributing Food Editor to both Elle and She magazines. She was food consultant/stylist for the BBC series Madhur Jaffrey's Far Eastern Cookery and also for the BBC's runaway success Two Fat Ladies (early programmes). She was celebrity chef on 78 shows of the culinary quiz show What's Cooking? and appeared regularly on Carlton Food Network Daily and Granada Sky Broadcasting programmes. She has contributed to many newspapers and magazines.
She has written and foodstyled many best-selling cookbooks including; Rice: from Risotto to Sushi now published in 8 languages; Flavours of China; Flavours of Italy; Flavours of Mexico and Street Food (1999) all for Ryland, Peters and Small. More recently Extra Virgin (about cooking with olive oil) was published Autumn 2000 and Chicken: from Maryland to Kiev for Ryland, Peters and Small and Portable Feasts, a picnic and barbecue cookbook published by Jacqui Small were both published 2001. Antipasti from Ryland, Peters and Small was published in 2002. Her latest books are Easy Good Food (Ryland, Peters and Small 2002), Food for Cooks (Jacqui Small Books 2003)Mediterranean (Ryland, Peters and Small 2004) and Picnics: From Crab and Ginger Wraps to Wild Rice Salad (2006) and Flavours of Provence (2007).
Clare Ferguson is married and has houses in London, Greece and New Zealand. She travels extensively in Europe, North America, the Far East and Pacific, both for work and pleasure. She is a member of the Guild of Food Writers (both in the UK and New Zealand), the International Association of Culinary Professionals and is a CCP (Certified Culinary Professional) USA.
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NIU alumni looking to network with fellow Huskies and learn more about the university's exciting programs and initiatives are invited to a Cultural Meet and Greet on March 28 at the National Museum of Mexican Art, 1852 W. 19th St. in Chicago's Pilsen neighborhood. Hosted by NIU's Chief Diversity Officer, Vernese Edghill-Walden, the event is an opportunity to celebrate Huskie pride while enjoying the many exhibits and rich cultural history the museum has to offer.
Monique Bernoudy, assistant vice president, Office of Academic Diversity, Equity and Inclusion, shared the sentiment.
Along with alumni and prospective students, representatives from many of NIU's resource centers will be on hand to share details about programs that make the university a vibrant and inclusive place to learn.
"The focus on diversity and culture is important because it allows NIU to acknowledge the importance of building inclusive communities," Bernoudy said.
Representatives from areas including the Alumni Association, Asian American Resource Center, Black Alumni Council, Center for Black Studies, CHANCE Program, Disability Resource Center, Gender and Sexuality Resource Center, Latino Alumni Council, Latino Resource Center, Military and Post-Traditional Student Services and Office of Undergraduate Admissions will field questions during this fun and informative event.
In addition, some of the university's biggest brand advocates happen to be NIU employees.
"We know that there are a number of faculty and staff who are also NIU alums and we want them to be part of this celebration," Edghill-Walden said. "The National Museum of Mexican Art has given us a great opportunity to celebrate culture and the arts in a way that brings people together." The Cultural Meet and Greet takes place from 6–8 p.m. on March 28. The cost is $10 for NIU Alumni Association members and $15 for non-members and can be purchased online. For more information, visit NIU Alumni Association or the Office of Academic Diversity, Equity and Inclusion calendar page.


The apostle Paul pronounced an "anathema" upon all who bring a "different" evangel, a different evangel which, as he puts it, is "not another." What does he mean by these puzzling words? What is an "anathema"? And of what does the anathema consist which Paul declaims to be the portion of those who bring a "different" evangel? Yet is not the evangel itself a message of grace, of justification apart from works, even such unworthy works as bringing a different evangel?
Of what did the Galatians' foolishness consist, and is it possible that such foolishness exists today, even among genuine believers? The Galatians' failure to retain the teachings of the apostle Paul, together with their proclivity for becoming enthralled with opposing teachings, ones contrary to his evangel of grace, are the primary themes of this article.
There are only two conceivable sources of blessing: (1) divine grace; and (2) human works of law. Only one of these, however, divine grace, is a viable source of blessing. The other, works of law, since it is infirm through the flesh (Rom.8:3), has been rendered ineffectual. Yet the Galatians, having repudiated grace (1:6; 2:21), were simply seeking blessing "out of" law-obedience itself. How foolish they were, ones to whom the law had not even been given, who were not obliged to keep it, for nonetheless attempting to put themselves under it, even as to anticipate blessing on the presumed basis of their own ability to keep it!
"Falling out of grace," is indeed just what one does who seeks a right standing before God by means of law, even if he should freely acknowledge the sacrificial death of Christ on behalf of his sins. In one's own recognition, one falls out of grace, not by practicing sin, but by falling into law. In truth, however, simply because it is grace, it is impossible for one to remove himself from its blessing, even by the darkest of deeds.
The "snare of the cross" (Gal.5:11b), is the scandalous nature of certain vital aspects of "the word of the cross" (1 Cor.1:18). In essence, the "scandal" of the cross consists in the fact that salvation is achieved solely through the cross. The snare of the cross is that justification, even as all that it entails, is a gratuitous, gracious, saving work on behalf of helpless sinners, through the deliverance which is in Christ Jesus.


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text:
Texas Joseph
Dr. H. Denise Joseph
Santa Anna to Selena
Author Harriett Denise Joseph relates biographies of eleven notable Mexicanos and Tejanos, beginning with Santa Anna and the impact his actions had on Texas. She discusses the myriad contributions of Erasmo and Juan Seguín to Texas history, as well as the factors that led a hero of the Texas Revolution (Juan) to be viewed later as a traitor by his fellow Texans. Admired by many but despised by others, folk hero Juan Nepomuceno Cortina is one of the most controversial figures in the history of nineteenth-century South Texas. Preservationist and historian Adina De Zavala fought to save part of the Alamo site and other significant structures. Labor activist Emma Tenayuca's youth, passion, courage, and sacrifice merit attention for her efforts to help the working class.
Joseph reveals the individual and collective accomplishments of a powerhouse couple, bilingual educator Edmundo Mireles and folklorist-author Jovita González. She recognizes the military and personal battles of Medal of Honor recipient Raul "Roy" Benavidez. Irma Rangel, the first Latina to serve in the Texas House of Representatives, is known for the many "firsts" she achieved during her lifetime. Finally, we read about Selena's life and career, as well as her tragic death and her continuing marketability.
Buy the book now.
Copyright © 2022 Texas Joseph — Escapade WordPress theme by GoDaddy


text:
Monster Carnival Island Guide
In the dead of night, a caravan rumbles into town. The traveling carnival has returned! But this is no day at the park. Behind the lights and the laughter, the carnival harbors a dark secret. Buy a ticket if you dare, but beware — once you enter, you may never be able to escape the Monster Carnival!
For walkthroughs on Monster Carnival Island, scroll down.
Released: February 21, 2014 (for members)
or March 20, 2014 (for all)
Common Room: Lazy Sundae Ice Cream
Preceded by: Mocktropica Island
Succeeded by: Survival Island
Resources on this page: Island Extras | Synopsis from Poptropica | Video Walkthrough | Written Walkthrough | Album Photos | Trivia
Island Extras: PHB Island Review | Mystery of Monster Carnival | Map | Official Tour | Videos | Desktop Wallpaper | Printable Poster | Champions Map
Video Walkthrough
For a written walkthrough with pictures, scroll down on this page!
Written Walkthrough
Walkthrough written by Samwow5
Special thanks to: HPuterpop, Slanted Fish, & White Ice
Welcome to Monster Carnival Island! Once you arrive, go right and talk to the guy who will introduce himself as Edgar, a carnie trainee. He says he doesn't think the carnival will be ready in time! Follow him through to the next area labeled 'Carnival'.
Part 1: Daytime
Talk to the guy in front of the Ferris wheel, who will tell you that the lever is broken.
When you're done talking to him, go right to the next area, where you'll find a big Poptropican's head, as well as the Lever, which you should pick up.
Now go left and return to the mustached guy. Give him the brand new lever.
Also, talk to the lady by the fried dough stand, and she will hand you a Sugar Formula she needs you to help her make. Head back to Main Street and go inside the pharmacy labeled 'Apothecary'. The apothecary up front (Dr. Dan) will give you a sheet for a Salt Formula you need to make for him (sodium chloride, also known as table salt). Here's a chart to help you:
To make sodium chloride (table salt), mix sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The bottles are located on the left side of the machine. When you click on the bottles, your character puts them in the machine. Match the light blue to the dark blue, and light yellow to the dark yellow. Blow the yellow and blue compounds apart with the blower.
Once you finish, you'll have the Salt. Go talk to the apothecary up front and give him the salt. He'll say you can use the lab to get the powdered sugar. Go back up and grab the two bottles to the right on the lab (Fructose and Glucose).
Now do the same as before. You have to make sucrose, so separate it and put it together, like so:
Once you have the Sugar (sucrose), go back to the lady at the fried dough carnival booth, and give her the sugar. She'll thank you and give you some Fried Dough.
Now it's time to get the hose! Go back left to Honest Gabe's Auto Repair, and tell the worker you need a Radiator Hose (not the other options!). Pick up the Hose from the top of the shelf and bring it to the guy at the duck game carnival booth. The hose water will fill up the pool. Edgar will come and say that the carnival is now ready to open!
Part 2: Dusk
It'll be dusk/late afternoon by now. Go to the game booth where you throw darts at the balloons and pick up the Blunted Dart. Now, run to Honest Gabe's Auto Repair, go left, and sharpen the dart on the machine to get a Sharpened Dart.
Now return to the carnival and play the Pop the Balloon game with your dart, and this time you should be successful. Not wanting to give away a teddy bear, the boothkeeper will award you a Souvenir Cup instead! (BEST. PRIZE. EVER.)
Next, hop up and let the guy with the scale guess your weight. After he guesses correctly (and gets no prize), go back to the Apothecary pharmacy. You want something heavy, but you don't him to know you're fooling him. Talk to the apothecary, then click on the little orange box as shown:
Click open the box, click the card inside it and take the Vial of Osmium.
Now, go back to the weight guesser and let him guess your weight again. When you outsmart him, he'll give you a Super Bouncy Ball. (Warning: If you encounter a glitch here, log out and back in.)
After you get the bouncy ball, go right to the next area, and play the Test Your Strength game. Use the bouncy ball to win – it bounces off the ball, and you'll win a Hammer!
Now go left and talk to the Ferris wheel guy, who will tell you that he needs oil to get the Ferris wheel moving again. Go back to the fried dough lady and use the Souvenir Cup you got earlier to get a Cup of Oil from her. Head back over to the Ferris wheel worker and use the fry oil to grease the gears.
When the kids come down from the Ferris wheel, they'll go into the Tunnel of Love ride. Talk to the guy in front of the Tunnel of Love, and he'll give you a Flashlight and tell you to go to the Haunted Lab (to the right) and get a mask to scare the kids out of the Tunnel of Love.
With the flashlight, you'll be able to see through the darkness of the Haunted Lab. Walk around and go up the stairs, heading right until you find the Human Fly Mask. Take it and put it on, then head inside the Tunnel of Love and ruin the romantic moment…
The couple you scared will run away, so run two areas to the right and into the woods. Follow the debris (the directions are randomized, so they're different every time). The same scenery is re-used so it looks like you're in the same area. However, if you keep following the trash trail (there'll be a random piece of rubbish either on the ground or on the highest grassy lump), you'll eventually end up where the carnies are being hypnotized into monsters.
Eventually, you'll arrive at this tree stump where some darkly-dressed dude is hypnotizing the carnival workers to serve him!
Part 3: Night
Once they finish transforming into his minions/monsters, night will fall. Go back to the carnival, and jump on this barrel to avoid the hunky cat monster:
Now run past the Tunnel of Love and Merry-Go-Round, jump over the monster, and run into the next area. Follow Edgar into Ringmaster Raven's tent. He says there's a formula to reverse the hypnotized carnival workers from monsters back to normal, and it's in the Ferris wheel guy's back pocket. Leave the tent and go right to the Ferris wheel.
When you get to the Ferris wheel, equip the Hammer and press the spacebar to knock the guy out. The monster will fall from the Ferris wheel to the ground. Pick up the ticket with a Secret Message, which is helpful for the duck game later on.
Now head towards the Haunted Lab, jumping onto the Test-Your-Strength game to bounce above the cat monster. Inside the Haunted Lab, a monster will chase you – no big deal, just turn on your flashlight and run away! Once you reach the top, climb up the shelf and click on the box labeled "Black Light" to obtain a Black Lightbulb.
Now exit and go left to the duck game booth. While you're running there, you'll see this Big Glob Monster! (Hard to tell if this is Scooby-Doo's cousin or SpongeBob's brother!)
At the duck game booth, open up your inventory and use the Black Lightbulb to make your flashlight emit black light. Now click on the duck game and follow the colors by where it has the name "GORY" on the ticket, and fish the ducks out. When you finish, you'll get this formula:
After you get the Mystery Formula, go to Honest Gabe's Auto Repair (because the pharmacy is closed), and hop onto the first pedestal, then press the red "up" button. When you reach the top, hop on to the second one and mouse over the broken vent.
Inside the vent, follow the path and go left out of the vent. You'll appear on the other side, where there are newspapers you can read to learn more about Ringmaster Raven's tragic backstory. (Basically, he was a homeless orphan working at the carnival as "Bird Boy", but was left behind when the carnival left town. He was blamed when Honest Gabe's burned down and was exiled by the townspeople, left without a home… 😦 )
Anyway, click on all the newspapers to get through the vent and into the lab. Inside the lab, grab the three remaining containers – the yellow bromopentane, red sodium sulfidosodium, and blue ethylmalonic ester – and put them into the machine. Now you'll need to create sodium thiopental (truth serum) and its byproducts:
Once you've got the Sodium Thiopental, leave the building and go back to the carnival, specifically where Ringmaster Raven's tent is. Enter the tent, and Edgar will kidnap you and put you in a chair! And as revenge for being exiled by the townspeople, Ringmaster Raven (known back in the day as Bird Boy) wants to hypnotize everyone and make them his slaves!
To get out the chair, use the Fried Dough to un-hypnotize Edgar. Once he's un-hypnotized, he'll release you and Ringmaster Raven will escape into the Mirror Maze. Go inside and you'll find him hiding behind one of the mirrors. Equip your Hammer and use it near his hiding spot.
When you break the first set of mirrors, he'll hop to the second level, where it'll be hard to find where he's at. He goes through six sets of mirrors, which you'll need to smash with your hammer. After that, you'll get to make him your slave, telling him never to hurt anyone ever again – plus he has to act like a chicken! Poor Bird Boy… Ringmaster Raven… and now the Incredible Chicken Man!
The next day arrives, and the carnival is all packed up and ready to leave town. When you talk to Edgar, he will award you the Island Medallion! At this, the carnival will start moving out. Congratulations, you've saved the Monster Carnival from its monstrosities!
Bonus Quest (members only)
The town is safe, but now a prominent citizen is missing. Has the monster carnival claimed another victim, or is something else behind his disappearance?
Dr. Dan is missing! First, run to the right and enter the forest. When you get there, you'll find Dr. Dan, cowering and telling you to stay away.
He'll run away from you. Follow him up the rollercoaster, and he'll say he's a monster and that he needs a cure. Run past him, jump off the roller coaster, and pick up the Wild Mushroom Extract.
Once you get the Mushrooms, hop up the roller coaster and go left a couple of areas, entering Honest Gabe's to the left. Take the Pickle Juice on the shelf.
Now, go inside the Apothecary Pharmacy to the right. Click on the soda pop machine for the last ingredient – a Cola Soft Drink.
Then go start working on the formula. To complete it, you'll need to get it to this:
Once you finish the formula, you'll have Chemical X. Run back to Dr. Dan, who will grow horns. He says he's forced to leave town, but the townspeople come at the last moment and tell him that they want him to stay. So he gives Chemical X back to you. When you use it, you'll transform and look like one of the mean goblins from earlier!
(Note: You can't keep this costume, even if you try to save it to your costume closet.) You can use Chemical X any time to transform into a monster – however, the effect will wear off when you leave the room. Anyway, that's the end of the bonus quest! Hope this walkthrough was helpful!
Looking for more walkthroughs? Check out our Island Help page! 🙂
These pictures are collected in your Poptropica photo album in the profile section.
Don't test me.
They come out at night.
He'll have time to reflect on his life of crime.
Monster Carnival Island is Poptropica's 37th island. It was released for members on February 21, 2014 with a demo for non-members. The login screen featured the usual running Poptropicans, followed by a cart for Ringmaster Raven's Circus of the Bizarre trailing slowly behind. MC Island was released to all on March 20, 2014.
Up until 2014, Monster Carnival was considered the island that never was. It appeared as "coming soon" on the Map back in early 2008, but mysteriously disappeared one day to be replaced by 24 Carrot Island. (Otherwise, MC could have technically been the 4th island!) You can read all about it in the PHB article titled Mystery of Monster Carnival Island.
Common room: Lazy Sundae Ice Cream (a play on the phrase "lazy Sunday" and sundae ice cream) — the phrase "I scream (you scream)" on the wall is a pun on "ice cream"
According to the first copy of the newspaper you can read by talking to someone on Main Street (The Standard), the current year is 1956. Older issues of The Standard can be read later on in the quest.
Honest Gabe's Auto Repair has a sign that says "PPTRPC HQ" – "Poptropica HQ" with the vowels taken out. Poptropica HQ plays a major part on Mocktropica Island. There is also a sign that says "the best Krpata motor oil" – a reference to Poptropica Creator Mitch Krpata.
"Honest Gabe" is a play on "Honest Abe", the nickname of the 16th US President, Abraham Lincoln. However, the auto shop worker tells us that Honest Gabe (the store's founder) was hardly honest and is in fact serving a prison sentence for defrauding customers.
If you talk to the woman on Main Street when you start the island, she will show you a newspaper with the news of the carnival on it. To the side of the paper, it says "Butter Contest, only 25 cents". Later in the quest, when you discover the old newspapers telling the backstory of Bird Boy, the side banners says things like, "Apple Pie Eating Contest, only 15 cents", or "Two Headed Pig, only 15 cents". Obviously, the price went up between 1936 to 1956, referencing inflation.
Betty Brownie from Reality TV Island can be seen in one of the Bird Boy newspapers (The Standard).
The old newspapers also make references to The Hunchback of Notre Dame — one article's author is Esmeralda Modo, after the story's gypsy, Esmeralda, and the titular hunchback, Quasimodo. Another article mentions Bird Boy hiding away in a bell-tower, much like Quasimodo in the story.
Other names of staff reporters in the newspapers can be seen as references: Joe Merrick is the webmaster of a Pokémon fan site called Serebii.net, Rex Ralphitt may be a play on "Wreck-it Ralph," Dean Hogarth borrows its names from two characters in "The Iron Giant," Edward Scands seems like a shortform of "Edward Scissorhands," and Frank Stein is a play on "Frankenstein."
The carnie trainee, Edgar, may be named after the poet Edgar Allan Poe, famously known for his poem, The Raven — and as we know, there's the infamous Ringmaster Raven…
Dr. Price, the mad scientist behind the Haunted Lab, is a reference to the famous horror film actor Vincent Price, but not a real character on Poptropica (confirmed in this tweet).
The young girl calls her brother "Bubby", sort of like how Manny from the Diary of a Wimpy Kid books calls his brother Greg "Bubby". (Diary of a Wimpy Kid is by Jeff Kinney, Poptropica's founder.)
In the ending, you cannot see the Ferris wheel packed up with all the other trucks of carnival gear.
The calendar in the apothecary building displays the year as 1956, but the car outside of Honest Gabe's is a 1957 Chevrolet Bel Air – a car manufactured a whole year later than the island is supposed to have taken place.
The kid with the blue striped shirt looks like Jughead from the Archie comics.
Bonus quest (members only): The town is safe, but now a prominent citizen is missing. Has the monster carnival claimed another victim, or is something else behind his disappearance?
Members get an additional Monster Carnival gear pack, which includes Ringmaster costume, Hypno-Powder item, and Raven Swarm power. The Ringmaster costume is ONLY available until the end of Early Access.
Step right up!
475 thoughts on "Monster Carnival Island Guide"
Cheerful icicle says:
slanted fish ur the best
this is my favourite island, it's super easy! does anyone else agree or is it just me
I need some help with knocking out the Ferris wheel guy, It doesn't really specify where I stand to knock him out.
Gentle Dolphin says:
Use the hammer to smash the Ferris wheel's control station (the gears and lever).
I can't get the formula from the Ferris Wheel Guy. I reloaded the page and when I came back the guy was gone and the formula wasn't in my inventory.
curios says:
can't get black light
im freaked out by the brain monster…aaAaaAAaaaA!!!!


Writing of an episode of Unsolved History, Ryan Siebenthaler states: "The show's producers and Mr. Mack are not working from empirical evidence in their deductions. They had an agenda ... to make the audience believe that there was no frontal shot. If the reader recalls, Mr. Mack did the same thing for Discovery Channel's Inside the Target Car, even altering the position of Jackie Kennedy's stand in inside the limousine".
John Kelin discusses how CBS handled the Commission critics during the preparation of their 1967 special on the Warren Report.
Oliver Stone and Zach Sklar reply (yet again) to media criticism of JFK.


text:
Pierre Suffren, francoski admiral, * 1726, † 1788.

Rojeni leta 1726
Umrli leta 1788
Francoski admirali


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