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A commoner, also known as the common man, commoners, the common people or the masses, was in earlier use an ordinary person in a community or nation who did not have any significant social status, especially a member of neither royalty, nobility, nor any part of the aristocracy. Depending on culture and period, other elevated persons (such members of clergy) may have had higher social status in their own right, or were regarded as commoners if lacking an aristocratic background.
This class overlaps with the legal class of people who have a property interest in common land, a longstanding feature of land law in England and Wales. Commoners who have rights for a particular common are typically neighbors, not the public in general.
Various sovereign states throughout history have governed, or claimed to govern, in the name of the common people. In Europe, a distinct concept analogous to common people arose in the Classical civilization of ancient Rome around the 6th century BC, with the social division into patricians (nobles) and plebeians (commoners). The division may have been instituted by Servius Tullius, as an alternative to the previous clan-based divisions that had been responsible for internecine conflict.[1] The ancient Greeks generally had no concept of class and their leading social divisions were simply non-Greeks, free-Greeks and slaves.[2] The early organisation of Ancient Athens was something of an exception with certain official roles like archons, magistrates and treasurers being reserved for only the wealthiest citizens – these class-like divisions were weakened by the democratic reforms of Cleisthenes who created new horizontal social divisions in contrasting fashion to the vertical ones thought to have been created by Tullius.[3]
Both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire used the Latin term Senatus Populusque Romanus, (the Senate and People of Rome). This term was fixed to Roman legionary standards, and even after the Roman Emperors achieved a state of total personal autocracy, they continued to wield their power in the name of the Senate and People of Rome.
A Medieval French manuscript illustration depicting the three estates: clergy (oratores), nobles (bellatores), and commoners (laboratores).
With the growth of Christianity in the 4th century AD, a new world view arose that underpinned European thinking on social division until at least early modern times.[1] Saint Augustine postulated that social division was a result of the Fall of Man.[1] The three leading divisions were considered to be the priesthood (clergy), the nobility, and the common people. Sometimes this was expressed as "those who prayed", "those who fought" and "those who worked". The Latin terms for the three classes – oratores, bellatores and laboratores – are often found even in modern textbooks, and have been used in sources since the 9th century.[4] This threefold division was formalised in the estate system of social stratification, where again commoners were the bulk of the population who are neither members of the nobility nor of the clergy.[5] They were the third of the Three Estates of the Realm in medieval Europe, consisting of peasants and artisans.
Social mobility for commoners was limited throughout the Middle Ages. Generally, the serfs were unable to enter the group of the bellatores. Commoners could sometimes secure entry for their children into the oratores class; usually they would serve as rural parish priests. In some cases they received education from the clergy and ascended to senior administrative positions; in some cases nobles welcomed such advancement as former commoners were more likely to be neutral in dynastic feuds. There were cases of serfs becoming clerics in the Holy Roman Empire,[6] though from the Carolingian era, clergy were generally recruited from the nobility.[7] Of the two thousand bishops serving from the 8th to the 15th century, just five came from the peasantry.[8]
The social and political order of medieval Europe was relatively stable until the development of the mobile cannon in the 15th century. Up until that time a noble with a small force could hold their castle or walled town for years even against large armies - and so they were rarely disposed.[9] Once effective cannons were available, walls were of far less defensive value and rulers needed expensive field armies to keep control of a territory. This encouraged the formation of princely and kingly states, which needed to tax the common people much more heavily to pay for the expensive weapons and armies required to provide security in the new age. Up until the late 15th century, surviving medieval treaties on government were concerned with advising rulers on how to serve the common good: Assize of Bread is an example of medieval law specifically drawn up in the interests of the common people.[9] But then works by Philippe de Commines, Niccolò Machiavelli and later Cardinal Richelieu began advising rulers to consider their own interests and that of the state ahead of what was "good", with Richelieu explicitly saying the state is above morality in doctrines such as Raison d'Etat.[9] This change of orientation among the nobles left the common people less content with their place in society. A similar trend occurred regarding the clergy, where many priests began to abuse the great power they had due to the sacrament of contrition. The Reformation was a movement that aimed to correct this, but even afterwards the common people's trust in the clergy continued to decline – priests were often seen as greedy and lacking in true faith. An early major social upheaval driven in part by the common people's mistrust of both the nobility and clergy occurred in Great Britain with the English Revolution of 1642. After the forces of Oliver Cromwell triumphed, movements like the Levellers rose to prominence demanding equality for all. When the general council of Cromwell's army met to decide on a new order at the Putney Debates of 1647, one of the commanders, Colonel Thomas Rainsborough, requested that political power be given to the common people. According to historian Roger Osbourne, the Colonel's speech was the first time a prominent person spoke in favour of universal male suffrage, but it was not to be granted until 1918. After much debate it was decided that only those with considerable property would be allowed to vote, and so after the revolution political power in England remained largely controlled by the nobles, with at first only a few of the most wealthy or well-connected common people sitting in Parliament.[3]
The rise of the bourgeoisie during the Late Middle Ages, had seen an intermediate class of wealthy commoners develop, which ultimately gave rise to the modern middle classes. Middle-class people could still be called commoners however, for example in England Pitt the Elder was often called the Great Commoner, and this appellation was later used for the 20th-century American anti-elitist campaigner William Jennings Bryan. The interests of the middle class were not always aligned with their fellow commoners of the working class.
According to social historian Karl Polanyi, Britain's middle class in 19th-century Britain turned against their fellow commoners by seizing political power from the British upper class via the Reform Act of 1832. The emergence of the Industrial Revolution had caused severe economic distress to a large number of working class commoners, leaving many of them with no means to learn a living as the traditional system of tenant farming was replaced with large-scale agriculture run by a small number of individuals. The upper class had responded to their plight by establishing institutions such as workhouses, where unemployed lower-class Britons could find a source of employment, and outdoor relief, where monetary and other forms of assistance were given to both the unemployed and those on low income without them needing to enter a workhouse to receive it.[10]
Though initial middle class opposition to the Poor Law reform of William Pitt the Younger had prevented the emergence of a coherent and generous nationwide provision, the resulting Speenhamland system did generally manage to prevent working class commoners from starvation. In 1834, outdoor relief was abolished and workhouses were deliberately made into places so unappealing that many often preferred to starve rather than enter them. For Polanyi this related to the economic doctrine prevalent at the time which held that only the spur of hunger could make workers flexible enough for the proper functioning of the free market. However, by the tail end of the 19th century, at least in mainland Britain, economic progress has been sufficient that even the working class were generally able to earn a good living, and as such working and middle class interests began to converge, lessening the division within the ranks of common people. Polanyi notes that in Continental Europe, middle and working class interests did not diverge anywhere near as markedly as they had in Britain.[11]
Breakdown of the trifold division
US Vice President Henry A. Wallace proclaimed the "arrival of the century of the common man" in a 1942 speech broadcast nationwide in the United States.
After the French Revolution, the Napoleonic wars and with industrialization, the division in three estates – nobility, clergy and commoners – had become somewhat outdated. The term "common people" continued to be used, but now in a more general sense to refer to regular people as opposed to the privileged elite.
Communist theory divided society into capitalists on one hand, and the proletariat or the masses on the other. In Marxism, the people are considered to be the creator of history. By using the word "people", Marx did not gloss over the class differences, but united certain elements, capable of completing the revolution. The Intelligentsia's sympathy for the common people gained strength in the 19th century in many countries. For example, in Imperial Russia a big part of the intelligentsia was striving for its emancipation. Several great writers (Nekrasov, Herzen, Tolstoy etc.) wrote about sufferings of the common people. Organizations, parties and movements arose, proclaiming the liberation of the people. These included among others: "People's Reprisal", "People's Will", "Party of Popular Freedom" and the "People's Socialist Party".
In the United States, a famous 1942 speech by vice president Henry A. Wallace proclaimed the arrival of the "century of the common man" saying that all over the world the "common people" were on the march, specifically referring to Chinese, Indians, Russians, and as well as Americans.[12] Wallace's speech would later inspire the widely reproduced popular work Fanfare for the Common Man by Aaron Copland.[13] In 1948, U.S. President Harry S. Truman made a speech saying there needs to be a government "that will work in the interests of the common people and not in the interests of the men who have all the money."[14]
Social divisions in non-Western civilisations
Comparative historian Oswald Spengler found the social separation into nobility, priests and commoners to occur again and again in the various civilisations that he surveyed (although the division may not exist for pre-civilised society).[15] As an example, in the Babylonian civilisation, The Code of Hammurabi made provision for punishments to be harsher for harming a noble than a commoner.[16]
Aam Aadmi
Battler (underdog)
Demagoguery
Dominant ideology
Hoi polloi
Ochlocracy
List of peasant revolts
Plain folks
Republicanism
The Common Man
Tyranny of the majority
Qara bodun
Rayah
^ a b c Gary Day (2001). Class. Routledge. pp. 2–10. ISBN 0-415-18223-9.
^ Though Plato did recognise a fundamental division into rich and poor – "Any city, however small, is in fact divided into two, one the city of the poor, the other of the rich; these two cities are at war." – The Republic (Plato), Part I, book IV.
^ a b Roger Osborne (2006). Civilization: A New History of the Western World. Jonathan Cape Ltd. pp. 52–56, 292–297. ISBN 0-224-06241-7.
^ "The Three Orders". Boise State University. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2013-01-31.
^ See for example:
McCord, William; McCord, Arline (2000). "Social stratification in agrarian societies". In Stephen K. Sanderson (ed.). Sociological worlds: comparative and historical readings on society. Taylor & Francis. pp. 180–182. ISBN 1-57958-284-2. Referred to as the "common folk", the "common people" and "Serfs" in the description.
Nutini, Hugo G.; Isaac, Barry L. (2009). "Estates and Classes". Social stratification in central Mexico, 1500-2000. University of Texas Press. pp. 20–23. ISBN 978-0-292-71944-6.
^ DEVAILLY, Le Berry du X siècle au milieu du XIII siècle, p. 201; CHEDEVILLE, Chartres et ses campagnes, p.336.
^ PERROY, E., Le Monde carolingien, Paris, SEDES, 2.ª ed., 1975, p.143.
^ BRETT, M., Middle Ages, Encyclopædia Britannica, 15.ª ed., 1979, 12, p.1965.
^ a b c Philip Bobbitt (2003). The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace, and the Course of History. Penguin. pp. 80, 108, 486. ISBN 978-0-14-100755-7.
^ Polanyi, Karl (2002). The Great Transformation. Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-5643-1.
^ Henry Wallace (February 1942). "The Century of the Common Man". Winrock International. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2011-06-30.
^ Byron Almnn; Edward Pearsall (2006). Approaches to meaning in music. Indiana University Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-253-34792-3.
^ Robert Reich (2012-11-09). "The real lesson from Obama's victory". Financial Times. Retrieved 2012-11-09. (registration required)
^ Spengler, Oswald (1922). The Decline of the west(An abridged edition). Vintage Books, 2006. pp. passim, see esp 335–337. ISBN 1-4000-9700-2.
^ Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society By Marvin Perry, Myrna Chase, Margaret C. Jacob, James R. Jacob, page 13
The common people: a history from the Norman Conquest to the present J. F. C. Harrison Fontana Press (1989)
The concept of class: a historical introduction Peter Calvert Palgrave Macmillan (1985)
Wikiquote has quotations related to Masses.
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Q: VBA: find file and copy cell values from column in one workbook to another based on condition? I have a spreadsheet like so called slave:
Id    Delivery Date    Case Size   Receivings    Allocated
1     12/12/2016       4           100           100
2     13/12/2016       5           200           50
3     11/10/2016       6           200           25
4     15/11/2014       3           90            10

I also have another spreadsheet exactly the same but called master.
Id    Delivery Date    Case Size   Receivings    Allocated
1     12/12/2016       4
2     13/12/2016       5
3     11/10/2016       6
4     15/11/2014       3

I am trying to copy to receivings and the allocated units from the slave workbook over to the master workbook where the ID, Delivery Date and Case Size matches.
Here's what i've tried so far:
Sub GetTheName()
    Dim s As String, FileName As String

    s = "C:\Users\Mark O'Brien\Documents\*.xlsm"

    FileName = Dir(s)

    Do Until FileName = ""
        If FileName Like "Food Specials Rolling Depot Memo*" Then MsgBox FileName

        'Start Merge of Memo

Dim Dic As Object, key As Variant, oCell As Range, i&
    Dim w1 As Worksheet, w2 As Worksheet

    Set Dic = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
    Set w1 = Workbooks.Open(FileName).Sheets(1)
    Set w2 = ThisWorkbook.Sheets(1)

    i = w1.Cells.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeLastCell).Row

    For Each oCell In w1.Range("R10:R" & i)
        If Not Dic.exists(oCell.Value) Then
            Dic.Add oCell.Value, oCell.Offset(, -3).Value
        End If
    Next

    i = w2.Cells.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeLastCell).Row

    For Each oCell In w2.Range("F10:F" & i)
        For Each key In Dic
            If oCell.Value = key Then
                oCell.Offset(, 2).Value = Dic(key)
            End If
        Next
    Next

        'End Merge of Memo

        FileName = Dir()
        ActiveSheet.Range("A8").Value = Now()
    Loop

End Sub

Nothing seems to happen apart from the workook opening. Nothing is copied over and no error is given. Please can someone show me where i am going wrong? Thanks

A: you could use AutoFilter() method, like follows:
Option Explicit

Sub main()
    Dim cell As Range, masterRng As Range

    With Sheets("MasterSheet") '<--| reference your "Master" sheet (change "MasterSheet" to your actual "Master" sheet name)
        Set masterRng = .Range("A2", .Cells(.Rows.count, 1).End(xlUp)) '<--| reference its columns A cells from row 2 down to last not empty row
    End With

    With Sheets("SlaveSheet") '<--| reference your "Slave" sheet (change "SlaveSheet" to your actual "Slave" sheet name)
        With .Range("C1", .Cells(.Rows.count, 1).End(xlUp)) '<--| reference its columns A and B range from row 1 (headers) down to column A last not empty row
            For Each cell In masterRng  '<--| loop through "Master" sheet column A "ID"
                .AutoFilter field:=1, Criteria1:=cell.Value '<--| filter referenced range on its 2nd column (i.e. column B) with current cell 1 column offset  value (i.e. current "Master" sheet "ID")
                .AutoFilter field:=3, Criteria1:=cell.Offset(, 2).Value '<--| filter referenced range on its 3rd column (i.e. column C) with current cell 2 columns offset value (i.e. current "Master" sheet "Case Size")
                If Application.WorksheetFunction.Subtotal(103, .Resize(, 1)) > 1 Then '<--| if any cell filtered other than headers
                    cell.Offset(, 3).Resize(, 2).Value = .Resize(.Rows.count - 1, 1).Offset(1, 3).SpecialCells(xlCellTypeVisible).Cells(1, 1).Resize(, 2).Value '<--|write first filtered 3rd column cell value in current cell offset 2 columns value (i.e. current "Master" sheet "Names")
                End If
            Next cell
        End With
        .AutoFilterMode = False
    End With
End Sub

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The Exalt comes with the HYbrid-Kick concept moped, a foldaway electric scooter stowed below the trunk floor that allows drivers to easily reach their final destination.
Automaker says textile covering concept's rear end improves aerodynamics.
Peugeot unveils a new tactic for next month's Paris auto show: a restyled concept car.
Restyling typically is reserved for production models, and when a concept-car chassis is recycled for a new project, it is usually given a different name. In the Exalt concept, Peugeot introduces a sequel.
Last spring, the automaker displayed a potential successor to its flagship 508 luxury car aimed at Chinese buyers at the Beijing auto show. Its exterior design was bold, sharp, angular and somewhat complex. The interior design also was progressive and attractive.
Six months later the Exalt concept adopts a new look, one of French and European elegance. The silhouette of the exterior is smoother and more curvaceous, while the interior's modern-home design theme is preserved but has a combination of material, colors and trim more in tune with European taste.
Peugeot says the rear end of the Exalt improves the drag coefficient with its use of sharkskin, a textile with a technical grain structure that improves aerodynamics and reduces fuel consumption. This feature is highlighted by Coupe Franche, a clear line between the rear door and the side window that creates a tone-on-tone transition between the bare steel and gray sharkskin. The back end of the Exalt shown at the Beijing show was burgundy red.
Both concept cars share most of the platform and drivetrain and feature a gasoline-electric HYbrid4 engine with combined output of 340 hp. Overall dimensions and proportions of a new kind of 5-door fastback high-tail architecture are unchanged. The Paris Exalt is 185 ins. (4,700 mm) long and maintains its low silhouette with maximum height of 51.6 ins. (1,310 mm) and sitting on 20-in. wheels.
The Exalt concept aims at uncommon versatility for a sedan. An innovative pantograph mechanism in the tailgate maximizes the opening while requiring less space externally. The tailgate and integral motorized flap reveals a trunk with a low-load rocker panel, providing easy access to the HYbrid-Kick concept moped. The HYbrid-Kick is a foldaway electric scooter stowed below the trunk floor that allows drivers to easily reach their final destination.


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Q: Resize image manually using jQuery-file-uploader I'm using the jQuery-file-uploader plugin to let users upload videos (.avi format), which the server then converts to other formats and also extracts a PNG of the first frame to use as a thumbnail. However, I'd like to resize this image using the Javascript callbacks for resizing in the fileuploader, as opposed to the server-side framework (Python, in this case).
How can I manually resize an image using the file-uploader Javascript callbacks? Is this possible? All the plugin callbacks for resizing only appear to be useful during the upload process, which is not helpful to me since I'm not uploading images per se. Is there any way to invoke these callbacks explicitly, perhaps as the page is refreshed after an upload is completed?
EDIT It seems like there have been a lot of other issues with the image resizing on the file uploader, so I instead used Python PIL on the server side to manually create and set the thumbnail image. Not the fix I'd have preferred, but it works just fine.

A: You don't say your server-side language, so if it's PHP there is a few function who provide thumbnailing:

*

*Gmagick::thumbnailimage

*Imagick::thumbnailImage

*exif_thumbnail
I don't really understand your problem with your callback invocation. But if you want to execute something later you can use cron, or queue services (like Iron.io).


Company: Total Merchant Services Inc.
Woodland Hills, Calif.-based Total Merchant Services Inc. launched Groovv POS, a full-featured solution designed to help small and midsize business owners drive efficiencies and growth. The solution is available in both countertop and portable configurations to provide merchants with an array of business management and POS tools that are easy to install and use.
All Groovv POS solutions are equipped with EMV (Europay, Mastercard and Visa) and near field communication (NFC) readers and a range of business management solutions – including real-time inventory management, reporting and marketing functionality – and require minimal set-up, the company stated.
"The POS market is going through a technology transformation that is being driven by consumers," said Scott Blum, Total Merchant Services Vice President Marketing, Business Development and Software Partners. "Consumers have more control and are making buying decisions based on available information in many cases before they even enter a store or restaurant. Groovv POS is designed to help merchants engage with their customers from wherever they are operating."
The company noted that Groovv POS All-In-One is designed to provide everything a merchant needs to manage payments, increase sales and optimize revenue. The solution, created to work out of the box, includes a 13-inch capacitive screen, cash drawer, scanner, receipt printer and software. Its flip screen and ability to connect wirelessly or with cables to printers and EMV and NFC-enabled peripherals makes it highly adaptable to a variety of business settings, such as quick serve and fast casual restaurants, retail stores, salons, and other business environments.
Groovv POS Flex is designed to enable merchants to easily adapt their POS solution from fixed to mobile settings. Its detachable 9.6 inch Samsung capacitive screen and certified EMV and NFC POS device has multiple fixed and mobile configuration options and a foldable stand designed for merchants on the go.
The small footprint of the Groovv POS Flex makes it ideal for mobile merchants and businesses with limited counter space. Its portability benefits curbside and pay-at-table restaurants, mobile merchants and businesses that frequently alternate between fixed and mobile settings.
An additional free Groovv POS Flex option is available for merchants with bank card processing revenues of $15,000 per month and higher, according to the company.
Ease of use: Touch screen tablets combined with an intuitive customer interface will enable merchants to quickly use the system with little training.
EMV/NFC-enabled: Merchants can accept all payment types, including contact and contactless chip cards and mobile wallet schemes such as Android Pay and Apple Pay.
Easy inventory management: Groovv POS merchants receive free, "white glove" loading of their entire inventory, which they can further organize by category. They can also use the inventory management to track sales and get alerts when items run low.
Business intelligence reporting: Merchants can view operations by location or across an entire enterprise, getting real-time insights into employee time, sales performance metrics and profitability trends.
Tipping, split billing and tax settings: Merchants can manage tax settings, split tickets and tip reporting.
Tailored setup and continuous support: Groovv POS merchants receive excellent customer service and ongoing support to ensure that they are deriving all available benefits.
"The face of retail is evolving," said Zavida Mangaru, Vice President of Product at Total Merchant Services. "We designed a product that merchants can take with them on the go. The POS tablet and collapsible stand are right-sized for multiple types of merchants and pop-up stores. They provide a clean, easy-to-understand user experience."


text:
Meet Lesly
"The entire staff was professional, knowledgeable, organized, communicative and most importantly, a real pleasure to work with."
Mary Anne Kelly
A Calming Presence
Mary Anne has worked alongside Lesly since 2002, helping her shape and grow the company. When clients first engage with Lesly Maxwell Interiors, Mary Anne is the first person they encounter—and from that very first engagement, her calming presence sets the tone. In her current role, she creates the workflows that bring Lesly's creative visions to life, keeping schedules and itineraries running smoothly as the designs are nurtured from concept to completion. She is a pillar of our firm, and is in many ways the glue that holds the organization together.
Outside of work, Mary Anne loves spending time with her children and grandchildren, and her amazing husband of more than 30 years. She also has a passion for football and baseball and can chat it up at the water cooler with the best of them.
Bruce McClelland
Bruce bridges the gap from inspiration to conceptual design by creating interior and exterior renderings that bring Lesly's visions to life. Clients enjoy a comprehensive snapshot of their project, no matter the scope or creative challenge.
Bruce, who has collaborated with Lesly for more than 30 years, earned his Associate Degree in Commercial Art from the Art Institute of Pittsburgh and is known for black-and-white pencil illustrations, multimedia marker and colored pencil illustrations, and watercolors/acrylic illustrations of high-end residential, commercial, hospitality and yacht interiors.
He lives in Orlando with his wife Bonnie and rescue pooch, Destiny.
Heather Fitzgerald
Problem-Solver Extraordinaire
Officially, Heather Fitzgerald is the Controller at Lesly Maxwell Interiors, but she is also our resident trouble-shooter and problem-solver. Bringing with her more than 25 years of experience working for both public and private sectors, Heather manages all company finances, ensuring the business end of our operation is always running smoothly.
Heather earned her BS in Accounting from Florida Atlantic University, and she graduated with her MBA in December 2021.
Outside of work, Heather can be found scoping out delicious locally sourced food, getting in a solid workout, or wrapped up in a new book. She is originally from Cape May, New Jersey, but Heather has made her home in Jupiter, Florida, which is where she still lives today with her family and their dog, Tater.
Pam Hassler
With experience in the furniture industry that goes back to her teenage years, career stops in both wholesale and retail, and extensive experience working with local designers, Pam Hassler brings with her a wealth of design knowledge, practice, and perspective. At Lesly Maxwell Interiors, Pam participates in client meetings, provides support for installations, and serves as a subcontractor liaison.
Pam is originally from Ohio and lived for six years in New York City, but she's called South Florida home for more than 20 years. Outside of the office, Pam loves watching football and tennis, and dining out with friends. She resides in Jupiter, Florida, with her husband, daughter, and their puppy. She also has two daughters in college. Go Gators!
Florida native Amanda Battaglia joined Lesly Maxwell Interiors in December 2020 to support buying and client relations. Her primary work focus is to facilitate the logistics behind all our design efforts. In this role, Amanda is responsible for keeping track of all the moving parts, including orders, returns, shipping and more. Amanda enjoys keeping her colleagues on their toes with wildly witty commentary and an uncanny ability to peer pressure.
Amanda earned her bachelor's degree from Rollins College and her Specialist in School Psychology degree from Barry University. Prior to Lesly Maxwell Interiors, Amanda worked as a social worker and a school psychologist. This experience has helped her develop creative problem-solving skills along with a flexible, positive attitude.
Currently, Amanda lives in Jupiter, Florida with her husband and daughter. She has been proudly dubbed a foodie by her colleagues and she loves the South Florida lifestyle. When she's not working, Amanda can be found enjoying the outdoors, shopping, and spending time with her family.
Hannah DiBona
Star Team Member
Hannah DiBona is a graduate of the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising (FIDM) in Los Angeles, California. As a team member at Lesly Maxwell Interiors, she serves in multiple capacities, helping coordinate work for our clients as she learns about the dynamics of the design industry.
Prior to Lesly Maxwell Interiors, Hannah worked as an intern, assistant buyer, and associate buyer for ModCloth at the company's headquarters in Downtown Los Angeles.
Originally from Orlando, Florida, Hannah moved to California for college, before making her way back to the Sunshine State. Today she resides in Jupiter, Florida. On the weekends, Hannah appreciates soaking up the sun at the beach, exploring fun shopping districts and discovering new restaurants around town.
Madison Maxwell
A Fresh Set of Eyes
Madison Maxwell is a graduate from the University of Colorado at Boulder, where she majored in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences with minors in both Spanish and English Writing.
Prior to joining her mother's team, Madison moved to Austin, Texas where she worked for Velocity Black, a members-only luxury concierge service, as a Luxury Travel Sales Agent for celebrities and high- net worth individuals.
From her experience of working with both children and adults with disabilities in speech therapy, Madison developed an understanding on the significance of being patient, an effective communicator and a 'people person'.
Today, she continues to incorporate those same attributes into her position at Lesly Maxwell Interiors; but with a bit of a twist. She has jumped into her role quickly - wearing a number of hats - as she works alongside Lesly on job sites, monitors the supply chain for each of the client's projects and learns about the specifics of the design industry: all while bringing her feisty attitude with her wherever she goes.
Born and raised in the Jupiter, FL area, Madison is happy to return home after 5 years. Madison calls herself a self-proclaimed 'movie-critic,' as she spends her free-time watching old and new movies, giving her own 'rotten-tomato' rating at the end of each one.
She also enjoys going to yoga a few days a week, spending time with her family and grabbing a drink with friends at local hotspots.
Because luxury should be livable.
For more than thirty years, Lesly Maxwell Interiors has delivered timeless spaces that marry inspired creativity with practical functionality.
Meet Lesly Maxwell
14157 US HWY 1
Juno Beach, Florida 33408
© 2022 Lesly Maxwell All Rights Reserved

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text:
Global Presence Accessibility Statement
Global Presence Admin Terms, Conditions & Policies 07 May 2016 Hits: 17194
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Home Rock Features Headlines Foo Fighters New Lineup Revealed In Photo
Foo Fighters New Lineup Revealed In Photo
Foo Fighters lineup recently posed for a picture and it is officially the first picture of the band after the tragic death of drummer Taylor Hawkins.
Check it out below:
Taylor Hawkins tribute show final tickets released
Final tickets have been released for Foo Fighters' huge Wembley Stadium gig this weekend in tribute of late drummer Taylor Hawkins – get your tickets here.
Hawkins, the band's drummer since 1997, died in Bogotá, Colombia on March 25. He was 50 years old. On Saturday, September 3, together with the drummer's family, Foo Fighters will celebrate Hawkins' memory and music at a special gig in London. 'The Taylor Hawkins Tribute Concerts' also take over LA's Kia Forum on September 27.
The huge line-up for London gig was completed recently with Metallica's Lars Ulrich, Blink-182's Travis Barker, AC/DC vocalist Brian Johnson, Kesha and Dave Grohl's daughter Violet.
They are set to join a huge first wave of acts for the London show which included Liam Gallagher and Mark Ronson, alongside Queens Of The Stone Age's Josh Homme, Supergrass, Queen's Brian May and Roger Taylor, Wolfgang Van Halen, The Pretenders' Chrissie Hynde and many more.
It has been announced that doors for the gig will open at 2.30pm BST, with music starting at 4.30pm sharp. It was also recently announced that both tribute gigs will be globally livestreamed on the Param.
A statement about the shows on Foo Fighters' website reads: "As one of the most respected and beloved figures in modern music, Taylor's monolithic talent and magnetic personality endeared him to millions of fans, peers, friends and fellow musical legends the world over. Millions mourned his untimely passing on March 25, with passionate and sincere tributes coming from fans as well as musicians Taylor idolised.
"The Taylor Hawkins Tribute Concerts will unite several of those artists, the Hawkins family and of course his Foo Fighters brothers in celebration of Taylor's memory and his legacy as a global rock icon—his bandmates and his inspirations playing the songs that he fell in love with, and the ones he brought to life."
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Festivals of the Christian Calendar
Observations & Experiences Gribben, Robert
The Christian part of a two-part contribution.
by Robert Gribben
Christians like and — probably because of the Jews — have a calendar of feasts and
festivals throughout the year. The core of these is universal, particularly Easter and
Christmas, but each culture has added its special feature, not least culinary. So many
celebrations are profound, complex and rich. Most of these can be experienced somewhere in
multicultural Australia. Western Christianity underwent a Reformation in Europe of the 16th
Century: this had the effect, in those churches which emerged from that reform, of reducing
and simplifying many of the occasions and their rituals. In 20th Century Australia (as
elsewhere in the West), Christian festivals are fighting to maintain their distinctiveness
and their root meanings, as Christmas gift-giving provides the year's major commercial
bonanza and Australians maintain their world record for the consumption of chocolate at
Easter.
It is recorded in the New Testament that the earliest followers of Jesus — being Jews
— observed the customs of the parent faith. Very early in the history of the Christian
community, the first day of the week (Sunday) became the distinctive day for Christian
corporate worship, alongside the continued observance of the seventh day, the Sabbath. When
the Christian church began to emerge more clearly as a religious community separate from the
synagogue — and here the self-justification by denigration of their Jewish past really
begins — the Sabbath was observed less and less. Nevertheless, it is true to say that the
Sabbath has never been forgotten in Christian tradition: John Wesley, the founder of the
Methodists in 18th Century England, kept it in spirit each week; in recent times, Sabbath
has become a central notion in Christian spirituality.
Sunday became important because it was the day of Jesus' resurrection. "And very
early on the first day of the week, when the sun had risen, they (Mary Magdalene, Mary the
mother of James and Salome bringing spices to prepare Jesus' body for burial) went to the
tomb."1 The story goes on to recount how a
young man at the tomb, which is empty, declares that Jesus has risen from the dead, and is
going to Galilee. There is no doubt that the experience of the resurrection was the
motivating force which gave rise to Christianity, and so it was natural to commemorate it
every week, on what became known as the Lord's Day and, more solemnly, every year as
Passover time (at which Jewish season Jesus was crucified) came around again.
Here is another interesting connection: for two centuries, some Christians continued to
observe the festival of Jesus' death and resurrection on the fourteenth of Nisan, whatever
day it fell on. Others, the majority, observed it on the nearest Sunday. At the Council of
Nicaea, in 325 CE, the matter was decided in favour of Saturday/Sunday. The whole Easter
event was celebrated during that night. Only later was Good Friday separated from Easter Day
(Sunday) for a distinct commemoration. And later still that a Holy Week preceded it and
Easter began to be marked in an historical way, by moving through a sequence of the events
of Jesus' last days drawn, in what to modern eyes is an unhistorical way, from all four
Gospels (which vary from each other in their accounts of these events).
After three centuries, the basic pattern was fixed — not identical across the Christian
world, but recognisable and predictable — Easter clearly became the major feast. By its
long observance in Europe, its Christian — and Jewish — proper title, Pascha, was
supplanted by the folk name which came from a pagan observance, that of the fertility
goddess Oestera, hence Easter. A great deal of the ancient Springtime festival was also
adapted to Christian use — so that the fundamental symbol of fertility, the egg, gains the
Christian meaning (there are many layers of them) — of new life hidden within, ready to
burst forth. In the East2, the egg is painted red, and
is hard-boiled; it may be further decorated — in Russia, with icons (images of Christ or
His Mother). In the West, it is mostly chocolate, but can be of other sweet confections. In
many countries, new clothes are worn for the Easter services. In England, spring flowers
allowed the possibility of young women decorating an Easter bonnet.
The liturgies of Easter are the richest of the church's year; this is the feast of
feasts. Eastern, and some Western Christians (Catholics, Anglicans and some others) gather
in the largest numbers of the year late on Easter Eve (Holy Saturday) for a vigil service
which begins around a fire burning outside the church. From this a very large candle (the
Paschal Candle) is lit, representing the light of (the risen) Christ, and the people follow
it in procession into the darkened church. At the proclamation "Christ is risen",
with its shouted reply, "He is risen indeed", everyone lights their own small
candle from the great one, and the liturgy erupts into joy and singing. A service of the
Word follows, where the biblical stories of salvation (including those from the Hebrew
Bible) are read, and it is followed by the First Eucharist (Mass) of Easter. Different
churches have different ways of doing these ceremonies.
Easter is preceded by a full week of special observances, beginning with Palm Sunday
which recalls Jesus' entry into the city of Jerusalem on a donkey — certainly not any
triumphant view of a Messiah — during which the bystanders had torn down branches of
nearby trees, certainly olive as well as palm — to wave and to strew in his path. Jews
will note the echoes of Tabernacles, and the use of Psalm 118:26-27 at this time may suggest
that Palm Sunday has been adopted into the Easter ritual from another event and another time
of the year.
Churches in the West are decorated with palm branches for this Sunday. In the East,
sprigs of olive leaves are handed to the congregation, and in both there may be solemn
processions around the church or local community with hymn-singing.
The fact that Jesus was crucified during Passover, that his trials took place before the
religious and political authorities in Jerusalem, that his execution took place before a
crowd of local people (under Roman authority, such as it was), and that all this was
remembered at Easter meant that, for communities in the past where Christians and Jews lived
together, Holy Week became a living hell for Jews. How it came about that the readings from
the Gospels accentuated a spirit of blaming Jews for the death of Jesus is explored
elsewhere in this and other volumes. Without avoiding proper responsibility, it ought to be
said that care is increasingly being taken that Easter observances do not foster this
spirit. One liturgical prayer, which in earlier times contained a condemnation of Jews, has
now replaced it with: (The liturgist speaks in the name of Jesus) I grafted you into the
tree of my chosen Israel, and you turned on them with persecution and mass murder. I made
you joint heir with them of my covenants, but you made them scapegoats of your own guilt.3
Jews do not need to accept the theology of covenant herein implied, which is very
important for (Gentile) Christians, but there is a new spirit present in these liturgies.
After many centuries more, a further period of preparation was attached before Holy (or
in the East, Great) Week. In the West, it lasts forty days, not counting Sundays and is
called Lent. It was originally a time of strict fasting, so on the last day before Lent
forbidden foods were eaten up — fatty foods, butter and other dairy products, yeast,
sweets. This Tuesday was known (in French) as Mardi Gras, Fat Tuesday. Because it
also marked a time of making confession and of spiritual preparation, it is also known
(chiefly in England) as Shrove Tuesday, from the verb to shrive, to be purged of sin.
Again, the parallels to Judaism, mutatis mutandis, will be clear: The clearing of
the house of yeast before Pesach (Passover), the seeking of forgiveness of past
wrongs practiced at Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement). In the West, fasting has in many
places become merely formal — adopting a personal rule to give up some luxury (sugar,
tobacco(!), wine) or, in many families, to eat fish on certain days, perhaps particularly on
Good Friday. It may also mean a resolution to take something on — more regular prayer, an
act of charity etc. In the Eastern churches there is a gradual reduction in permissible
foods over the seven weeks of Lent until, in Great Week, the strictly observant will not
only refuse meat, but also fish, all animal products (lard, eggs, butter, milk, cheese) and
wine and oil.
Perhaps curiously, the basic purpose behind this period of preparation was that baptisms
took place at Easter, and the candidates were registered for an intense period of final
preparation during these weeks. Part of this was indeed fasting, but the penitential spirit,
encouraged perhaps by the presence of death everywhere in mediaeval Europe, pervaded the
whole season and its didactic purpose was forgotten. This is being revived today, however,
especially in the West.
Very little of this survives in the churches of the Reformation. Baptists, Churches of
Christ, Presbyterians, Pentecostals and, to a lesser extent, Lutherans and Uniting Church
may well not observe a liturgical calendar at all, apart from Christmas and Easter Day. They
will not have any particular ceremonies on either of these days, but their worship will
follow its usual pattern of prayers, bible readings and a sermon. Certainly there are hymns
and carols appropriate to the season, but the services have a marked simplicity. In the 16th
century, many Christians felt that the liturgy was so overlaid with intricate symbolism that
its fundamental meaning was obscured. In various ways and in various places, the services
were stripped of these elaborations, and in particular (to quote John Bunyan), the ear gate
was preferred to the eye gate as the way to truth.
It may surprise Jews to see this Jewish festival listed here. However, St Luke, the
writer of the Third Gospel and its sequel, The Acts of the Apostles, recorded that on the
fiftieth day from Passover, the infant Christian community underwent a further religious
experience, second only to the resurrection, in which they experienced the presence of the
Holy Spirit. This experience, he says, was accompanied by the sight of flames flickering on
the heads of the company assembled in an upper room in Jerusalem, and by an ability amongst
members of the crowd outside, a crowd symbolic of the nations of the world, to understand
the preaching of Peter each in their own language. The Pentecostal experience followed the
Ascension of Jesus, when he was removed from their sight after the forty days following his
resurrection, during which he appeared to many and taught them. It was also understood as a
confirmation of all that they had learned, and an empowerment which drove them out of their
hiding places, from Jerusalem down the trade routes to spread the new message throughout the
Roman world and beyond; most significantly, perhaps, out of Judaism itself into the Gentile
Most churches hold special services on Pentecost Sunday. In many churches of the West,
the liturgical leaders wear red (=flames of fire) as the colour of their vestments; the
hymns will speak of the coming of the Spirit of God to the waiting disciples. The first
great season of the Christian year comes to a close. The Roman Church significantly calls
the rest of the year (excepting the period we shall now describe) as ordinary time.
The Christian world has many divisions; one of them is calendrical. In most years, the
date of the Eastern celebration of Easter may be up to five weeks different from the Western
observance, and yet they are both calculated from 14th Nisan. The minutiae of the
calculation may be investigated in learned sources elsewhere. However, the major divergence
is through the fact that the Western church (and most of the world) follows the Gregorian
calendar. This was a correction by eleven days to the calendar devised by Julius Caesar in
46 BCE, and proclaimed by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. Until the first World War, the East
continued to follow the Julian calendar which is presently thirteen days behind. An
Inter-Orthodox consultation held in Constantinople in 1923 proposed a revision of the Julian
calendar to bring it nearly into line with the Gregorian; one variation allows the date of
Easter to be — almost — uniform throughout the Orthodox world, in conformity with the
Julian date. The New Style was adopted with varying enthusiasm over most of the Orthodox
world from 1924. Dissentients include Jerusalem, Russia and Serbia, and the monastic
communities on Mount Athos, and dissent in some quarters has led to church splits.
The other major season in the Christian year is Christmas, celebrating the birth of
Jesus. There is a popular conception amongst Christians that this observance arose very late
in time, and was a Christian adaptation of a pagan feast, the birth of the Unconquered Sun,
proclaimed at Rome in 274 CE. After all, no-one knows the date on which Jesus was born. The
winter solstice, December 25 in the West and January 6th in the East (both dates are
inaccurate!), with its potential pun on the birth of the Son, was an appropriate date to
choose. Recent scholarship has provided us with a profound explanation. The historians have
uncovered two facts: that a feast of Christ's birth was celebrated before 274 CE; and that
the pagan festival was not known far outside Rome itself, yet the East celebrated the same
Christian rite. They also take us back to that vital common date, the 14th Nisan, the day of
Jesus' death. In the thinking of the early Christians, the time of their Saviour's death,
and that of his birth, were equally fixed by God; he was no accident of history. Indeed,
they believed that the date of his conception and the date of his death were identical. They
calculated the date in the Roman calendar of Jesus' death in the year 29 CE: it was March
25. That day is universally celebrated as the Annunciation, the announcement by the
archangel Gabriel to Mary that she would conceive. Take it forwards nine months (rather
precise obstetrics, this!) and you have December 25. In the East, 14th Nisan in 29 CE fell
on April 6th: hence, January 6th. The moral of the tale is that Christian observances are
not based on a take-over of pagan festivals (though some customs are), and that there is a
deep connection, based on the date of Passover, for both of the key Christian feasts.
This sanctified imaginative way of thinking is not strange to Jews: some of the rabbis
held that the 14th Nisan was the day on which the world began, that the Patriarchs were
born, that the Exodus took place, as well as the Day of the Lord at the end of time. The
early Christians built on this tradition. Leaving aside these calendrical mathematics and
primitive theology, the festival of Christmas is probably the one best known to the world
outside the church. Its carols are sung in mega-stores and on the streets and at parties by
people who have no religious faith and respond to the story of a child born in poverty, but
pay him no more attention than they do the world's (or Australia's) homeless and hungry.
Perhaps that is too cynical! At this time in our history, we must be grateful for all
opportunities to supply employment, even if seasonal. And there is goodwill and generosity
in the community. But for many faithful Christians, it feels as it must to Jews if Pesach
were celebrated simply as a time for eating, drinking and singing songs, without the solemn
remembrance which gives it its true meaning. The season is a rich one. Like Easter,
Christmas has its preparatory period attached: in the West four weeks, in the East, on a
parallel with Lent, forty days. Its name, Advent, Coming, has two strands of meaning: the
one focuses on the end of time, the final coming of Jesus as Judge, and the other focuses on
the first coming of Jesus, as the Child of Bethlehem. They tend to be mixed over the season,
but the second strand has one implication for Jewish-Christian relations. Part of the
preparation for the celebration of Jesus' birth has been the reading of the Hebrew prophets,
interpreted as they have been throughout Christian history, as predicting the coming of a
Messiah. The Gospels themselves use the scriptures in this way. There is a strong move
across the churches now to help preachers and teachers to use the Hebrew scriptures in their
own integrity, and to correct the suggestion that their only purpose was to predict Jesus'
coming.
Christmas also has its own season, twelve days, connecting 25th December and 6th January,
which in the West is called Epiphany (Revelation). The season is commemorated in the
(secular) carol "A partridge in a pear tree" which spreads its fantastic
gift-giving over the twelve days. Tradition also held that the Magi, or wise men, also known
as the Three Kings, arrived from the East at Bethlehem on January 6th, and this too is
remembered in carols. There are many ways of understanding these strange visitors, but since
they were clearly Gentiles, one element is the marking of the revelation (hence Epiphany) of
Christ to non-Jews, a sign of the direction his message was to take. In the East, January
6th is a very special day, usually known as Theophany (Revelation of God). Orthodox
Christians recall the baptism of Jesus, and hold ceremonies of the blessing of the waters,
which takes crowds down to wharves by rivers and sea-shores, where young men vie to retrieve
a cross thrown into the water by the bishop.
Other times and seasons
Eastern Christians mark twelve other great feasts of the year, including Transfiguration
on August 6th, recalling the vision of Christ's glory on the mountain before his going to
Jerusalem, recounted in the Gospels e.g. Mark 9:2-8; the blessing of fruit is a part of this
celebration. Another solemn day is Holy Cross Day on 14th September, which commemorates the
discovery of the true cross by the Empress Helena (mother of Constantine) in Jerusalem in
the early fourth century. In addition, there are several major feasts dedicated to the
Blessed Virgin Mary under her Greek title of Theotokos, the God-bearer. The beginning of the
Orthodox Liturgical year is 1st September, and is marked by special ceremonies in
Constantinople; their more recent theme has been the protection of the natural environment,
marked by a sermon on this subject by the spiritual leader of the Orthodox, the Ecumenical
It is easy to get lost in detail. For Christians, as for Jews, the yearly round of
feasts, festivals and fasts is a way of entering into the life of God, a way of aligning our
lives with the great events of our sacred history. To observe such times and seasons is to
sanctify all time. We may give thanks to God that, in words and music, in dance and ritual,
in food and the use of all the senses, human creativity may be seen in all its variety as we
celebrate days of awe and mourning, days of joy and gladness, and the ordinary days in life
without which no festival is possible.
So the Gospel of Mark, ch.16, verse 2. Mark is the earliest Gospel, written around 65 CE.
By the East, I mean the churches of the Middle East — the Greek Orthodox Patriarchates of Jerusalem, Antioch (now Damascus), Alexandria and Constantinople (Istanbul) and the (usually) smaller ethnic churches in those areas, Syrian, Coptic, Ethiopian, and Armenian. I also include the later churches of Eastern Europe — Russia, Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania; there are some smaller independent churches. By the West, I mean the churches of the Roman Empire, both Roman Catholic and Protestant. For a general introduction to the divisions of the Christian Church, see my essay in John Roffey (ed.), Jews and Christians: Creating a New Spirit, Victorian Council of Churches 1987, pp 60 ff.
From "The Reproaches", a series of prayers for the liturgy of Good Friday in which Jesus accuses the church of its betrayal of him. This version from the United Methodist Church (USA), see Hoyt L. Hickman et al, Handbook of the Christian Year, Abingdon Press, Nashville, 1986, p.189
From: Marianne Dacy (ed.) Pathways to Understanding. A Handbook on Christian-Jewish Relations Victoria: Victorian Council of Churches (Working Group on Christian-Jewish Relations of the Commission on Living Faiths and Community Relations), © Copyright 1994
See also: The Jewish Calendar.


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Duty of Care in Sport
2 May 2017 / News
Key recommendations from an independent report looking into the duty of care that sports have towards their participants
The Department for Culture, Media and Sport has published Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson's independent report into the Duty of Care that sports have towards their participants.
The report's recommendations are made in 7 key themes including: safeguarding, education; transition; representation of the participant's' voice; equality diversity and inclusion; mental welfare; safety injury and medical issues.
This briefing focusses on recommendations for the safeguarding theme but also highlights selected recommendations for the other themes where they have relevance to children and young people and the priority recommendations to government.
Karen Childs Smith Head of Knowledge and Information
The NSPCC's Knowledge and Information Service provides the latest policy, practice, research and news on child protection and related subjects for people working with children. This briefing summarises the key points from information or research published by an organisation other than the NSPCC. It does not necessarily reflect the views of the NSPCC and should not be taken as an endorsement.
Background to the report
In December 2015 the Department for Culture Media and Sport published 'Sporting future - a new strategy for an active nation (PDF)' which sought to redefine what success in sport means, placing a new focus on 5 key outcomes: physical wellbeing, mental wellbeing, individual development, social and community development and economic development.
Included in the strategy was the commitment to introduce a new 'Duty of Care' for all athletes and participants, setting out how participants at every level will be looked after and protected. The football abuse scandal in 2016 further highlighted the need to ensure that children have the best possible protection when they are taking part in sport at all levels.
A public consultation in April and May 2016, an independent working group and focus groups have all informed the independent Duty of Care review of welfare and safety in sport led by Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson. The final report Duty of care in sport: independent report to government (PDF) presents recommendations based on this process.
This area of the review looked at what more could be done to strengthen sport's position in relation to the protection of young people and adults at all levels of sport. The review looked at elite, professional and community sport. We have summarised the main findings below.
It is essential that government clarifies departmental responsibilities and arrangements for safeguarding where policy or programmes are cross-departmental.
Sports should collect data about safeguarding issues in a standardised way. The systems would allow the appropriate body to track the incident formally and investigate fully. It would also allow trend analysis to be carried out which could highlight hot spots for children and adults. The collation of data should be ongoing and would allow sharing of information between sports.
Government should review the Sexual Offences Act 2003 to include sports coaches within the definition of "Positions of Trust", in order to provide additional safeguards for 16 and 17 year olds. At the moment, teachers fall within this definition, which places restrictions on the relationship they can have with people under 18 years of age under their tutelage. Sports coaches should be subject to these same restrictions. Find out more about our Trust to Lead campaign calling on government to amend legislation to better protect children from abuse by a trusted adult.
Government to consider introducing a Duty to Report in all sports organisations. This would mean that if a person knows, or has suspicion of, any abuse taking place, they must report it to the relevant body for action to be taken.
Government to ensure that a prevalence study, looking at the rates of abuse of children and adults in sport, is conducted to gather up to date information.
The NSPCC's Child Protection in Sport Unit (CPSU) should be provided with the appropriate resources to work with sports (both funded and non-funded) to provide clear guidance on safeguarding processes and responsibilities and help make those processes as effective as possible. The CPSU's role should be highlighted to the wider public.
Government to review the process of background checks for self-employed providers and those not falling under a recognised National Governing Body (NGB), including how parents or participants could access relevant information about these checks. To assist with this, a national coach licensing scheme should be considered, with the creation of a register of licensed coaches. Parents who employ private sports coaches for their children should be encouraged to make appropriate background checks.
All private providers, independent and state schools should have safeguarding policies in place and they should be publicly available.
Where talent pathway sports remove young people from the club structure (where safeguarding officers exist), signposting to safeguarding processes must be included in the induction progress.
A national coach licensing scheme should be considered, with the creation of a register of licensed coaches.
Government should clarify whether "appropriate and necessary robust pre-employment checks" for sports venue employers refers only to employees who work in "regulated activity" and whether lifeguarding is classed as "regulated activity".
All organisations should have their safeguarding policy clearly available on their website and in other materials, and clearly lay out the steps to be taken to make a complaint.
Consideration should be given to an independent "adults at risk" unit with a similar mandate to the NSPCC Child Protection in Sport Unit.
Further work is required on how to provide information about doping within sport for young athletes.
Government and sports organisations to consider how to better recognise the role of sports volunteers.
Recommendations from other themes relevant to children and young people
In this theme the review looked at how young sportspeople can be supported to help them balance education with their sporting activities.
Information should be made available to schools to help them support talented young athletes who are trying to balance education and being on a talent pathway.
In this theme, the review looked at top-level and elite sport, and the support people receive as they transition through the system. The review focussed on the two main aspects of this journey – entering and leaving top-level sport.
Further work in this area is required, particularly around young people transitioning into the 18-25 year age group and for disabled participants, who tend to be more at risk.
Representation of the participant's voice
This area of the review looked at how the views of sportspeople are considered in decisions affecting them in sport.
All sports' boards should have a guardian responsible for Duty of Care.
All sports organisations should consider the participant's voice within their work and have an independent process, very clearly and publicly available, for consultation and whistleblowing.
This area of the review considered any specific aspects of Duty of Care with relevance to Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (ED&I). This is a significant area of concern within the world of sport and it is important to ensure diversity of participation in sport from across society.
Sporting organisations, schools and club teams should adopt zero tolerance for athletes, parents, fans, coaches and support staff who engage in discriminatory language and behaviour.
Coaches, PE teachers and officials in direct contact with athletes should undergo mandatory training to enable them to best support athletes from different backgrounds, protected categories, personalities and cognitive abilities.
Mental welfare
In this area of the review, issues relating to the prevention, identification and management of mental health issues in sportspeople were considered.
Introduce sector standard mental health training for coaches and physical activity professionals.
Safety, injury and medical issues
The review considered how the likelihood of injury can be lessened and whether improvements can be made to how sporting injuries are treated in the short and long term. The review also considered underlying medical conditions that may be caused or exacerbated by sport.
Develop a standard first aid course specifically for sport.
Priority recommendations
The report highlighted the following priority recommendations:
the government should create a Sports Ombudsman (or Sports Duty of Care Quality Commission)
the government should measure Duty of Care via an independent benchmark survey giving equal voice to all stakeholders in the system
all NGB boards should have a named Duty of Care Guardian
an induction process should be carried out for all participants entering elite levels of sport (and, where relevant, their families should also be included)
as participants leave formal programmes an independent exit interview should be conducted, the results of which would be taken account of in future funding discussions
a Duty of Care Charter should be established by government. As part of this, participants who receive funding (in any part of the system) should be offered honorary contracts
government should independently fund the British Athletes Commission.
Grey-Thompson, Baroness Tanni (2017) Duty of care in sport: independent report to government (PDF). London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
More about safeguarding children
Child Protection in Sport Unit (CPSU)
Advice on child protection and safeguarding, draft policies, training, resources and toolkits for sports clubs and organisations.
Help keep children safe in sport
Sharing knowledge to keep children safe
Read our guide to the NSPCC Knowledge and Information Service to find out how we can help you with child protection queries, support your research, and help you learn and develop.
Read our guide (PDF)
Helping you keep children safe
Read our guide for professionals on what we do and the ways we can work with you to protect children and prevent abuse and neglect.


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Carsten Maple
Professor of Cyber Systems Engineering, WMG, Principal Investigator NCSC-EPSRC Academic Centre of Excellence in Cyber Security Research, Deputy Pro-Vice-Chancellor (North America), University of Warwick; Fellow, Alan Turing Institute
Professor Carsten Maple is the Principal Investigator of the NCSC-EPSRC Academic Centre of Excellence in Cyber Security Research at the University and Professor of Cyber Systems Engineering in WMG. He is also a co-investigator of the PETRAS National Centre of Excellence for IoT Systems Cybersecurity where he leads on Transport & Mobility, and is a Fellow of the Alan Turing Institute. Carsten has an international research reputation and extensive experience of institutional strategy development and interacting with external agencies. He has published over 250 peer-reviewed papers and is co-author of the UK Security Breach Investigations Report 2010, supported by the Serious Organised Crime Agency and the Police Central e-crime Unit. Carsten is also co-author of Cyberstalking in the UK, a report supported by the Crown Prosecution Service and Network for Surviving Stalking. His research has attracted millions of pounds in funding and has been widely reported through the media. He has given evidence to government committees on issues of anonymity and child safety online. Additionally he has advised executive and non-executive directors of public sector organisations and multibillion pound private organisations. Carsten is Deputy Pro-Vice-Chancellor at the University, charged with leading the strategy in North America.


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Q: Data structure for spatial data I am looking for a good functional data structure to store spatial (point) data. The data structure should allow simple epsilon queries for points already present. Also I need to modify the data quite often. This means points can move and should be able to be updated in the data structure. This can probably be handled using a normal delete/add, but a real move might be faster.
For now I am thinking about using quad/oct-trees (or higher), since the move part should be quite easy to do. However quad-trees are known to be worse as far as balancing is concerned. KD-Trees might be another choice, but the update seems quite nasty. Also most spacial data structure implementations I can find are only procedural and I am using a functional language.

A: Depending on how you are using it and quickly the points move, you might also consider sweep and prune. Basically, you keep the points sorted in one dimension (say x). If points change places very seldom, running insertion sort for every simulation step will actually be very quick.
(I think your two suggestions are already quite good, by the way)

A: This old paper by Overmars and van Leeuwen describes the pseudo quadtree - a quadtree which can also balance itself as insertions and deletions progress. The amortized cost of insertions and deletions is something like O(log^d(n)) and can even be traded against the amount of balancing done (you can read more about this in the paper).

A: KD-trees or Quad/Oct trees are reasonable choices.
Examples in Haskell:

*

*QuadTree

*KD Tree
Both are pretty simple to encode as purely functional data structures.

A: R-Trees and R*-Trees are also another solution, easy to implement.
See https://github.com/mariusaeriksen/ocaml-rtree (in OCaml) for an example.
I used them in an evacuation simulation, the update step is not so slow as that.


BOSTON (BNO NEWS) – Massachusetts will receive $1.5 million funding from NASA to support summer enrichment programs for local students, Governor Deval Patrick announced on Monday.
The state has been selected as part of the NASA summer of innovation pilot program that will begin this summer for a three-year period. Six higher education institutes will use NASA's mission and technology programs to boost summer learning in science, engineering, mathematics and technology specifically.
"Through this partnership with NASA, we are tapping into innovative resources right here in Massachusetts that will offer traditionally underrepresented students an opportunity to succeed in these exciting fields well into the 21st century," said Patrick.
Massachusetts is one of four states selected for this program. Through these series of summer of innovation projects NASA will partner with local educators to reach broad and diverse population of students focusing in NASA's robotics, Earth and space science, astrophysics and engineering missions. Six Massachusetts programs were selected for funding.
"The Summer of Innovation program will allow Massachusetts to capitalize on its greatest strength - its higher education institutions - to propel us closer towards our goal of greater STEM awareness and more young people pursuing STEM careers. By focusing on middle school teachers, we will have a greater chance of igniting inspiration for science and technology at an earlier age," Senator Karen Spilka said.


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An avulsion fracture occurs when a tendon or ligament that is attached to the bone pulls a piece of the fractured bone off.
Avulsion fractures can happen anywhere in the body but are most common in the ankle, hip, finger, and foot. They are more common in children than adults, but often affect adults who play sports.
This article looks at the causes and symptoms of avulsion fractures. It also considers the treatment options and recovery for avulsion fractures to different parts of the body.
For adults, avulsion fractures are most common in athletes and dancers.
Avulsion fractures are caused by trauma. They usually happen when a bone is moving one way, and a tendon or ligament is suddenly pulled the opposite way.
As the bone fractures, the tendon or ligament that attaches to part of the bone pulls this bone fragment away from the rest of the bone.
Children: Growth spurts can sometimes contribute to avulsion fractures. The tendons or ligaments around the parts of the children's bones that are growing may pull so hard that the bones fracture. Children who play sports are most at risk of experiencing an avulsion fracture.
Athletes: Many sports involve a high impact, lots of twisting, and quick changes in direction. If a person experiences an injury or impact when they are making these sorts of movements, an avulsion fracture could occur.
Dancers: Dancers are at risk of avulsion fractures that affect the feet, as they tend to put a lot of pressure on their feet and make frequent sudden movements.
Sometimes avulsion fractures can be misdiagnosed as muscle strain, so getting the correct diagnosis is important. A doctor can diagnose an avulsion fracture by examining the injury and carrying out an X-ray.
As research in the Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgery notes, misdiagnosis can lead to people receiving the wrong treatment, which may lead to them doing improper exercise.
Sesamoiditis occurs when the tendons surrounding the sesamoid bones become irritated and inflamed. Learn more.
Applying an ice pack to the site of the avulsion fracture, and resting the area of the injury, are recommended treatment options.
If a fragment of bone has been pulled more than a few centimeters away from where it usually sits, then surgery may be needed. Most of the time, however, avulsion fractures do not require surgery.
These steps help the affected bone return to its normal position naturally.
When a person experiences an avulsion fracture to their hip or pelvis, it can limit their movement. One of the best ways to treat this injury is to rest.
A 2015 study showed a combination of rest and anti-inflammatory drugs allow avulsion fractures to the pelvis to heal effectively.
Following these treatments and getting plenty of rest usually allows the bone to return to its original position naturally. If it stays detached, then surgery to insert pins or screws to reattach it may be needed.
The fifth metatarsal in the foot, which is the bone at the base of the little toe, can be vulnerable to avulsion fractures. Dancers often experience this type of injury.
According to research published in the Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgery, treatment for an avulsion fracture of a fifth metatarsal involves wearing a hard-soled shoe.
A person should wear the hard-soled shoe until the pain goes away, which indicates the bone fragment has reattached.
For an avulsion fracture to a finger, a splint may be recommended to prevent movement, aiding the healing process.
An avulsion fracture to the finger is commonly called a "jersey finger."
The American Family Physician recommends that people who have this type of injury should visit a hand specialist. This is because there is a risk that the affected tendon could retract and cause long-term damage.
The hand specialist will recommend the best course of treatment. This may involve using a splint to hold the injured finger straight, allowing it to heal.
Occasionally, surgery is required to insert pins to hold the bone together.
If the bone does not heal naturally with these treatments, surgery may be needed to realign the ankle.
If this does not allow the bone to heal, then surgery may be required.
An avulsion fracture is not always serious, and rest may the best treatment. However, medical help should be sought if symptoms occur.
A person with a more severe fracture may need to wear a cast for 6 to 8 weeks to allow the bone to heal.
Fractures commonly take between 3 to 12 weeks to heal. During this time, it important to rest the affected bone and keep weight off it while it heals.
If the doctor has recommended any strengthening exercises, it is important to perform them regularly to reduce the risk of long-term damage.
Article last reviewed by Wed 20 September 2017.
Burgess, Lana. "Avulsion fracture: What you need to know." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 20 Sep. 2017. Web.


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The apron was crowded with firefighters, present and past, family and friends as the Hudson Fire Service hosted them with dignitaries from the Hudson Selectmen, both current and former, and New Hampshire House Speaker Shawn Jasper, listening to various speakers who spoke about the renovation.
As Hudson Chief Buxton addressed the gathering he mentioned that the celebration is fitting for the completion of the renovation at the Lenny Smith Central Fire Station, but also the celebration of our 125th anniversary as an organized fire department.
Buxton's remarks told the story of the station. "As I was preparing for today it came to me that the merging of these two events in our history actually work very well together, as the Lenny Smith Central Fire Station is the house that the community built. From the hand-drawn blueprints that were drawn by Lenny Smith himself that we reviewed at the beginning of the project, to the craftsmanship that cannot be matched by today's standards. We can see the problem- solving that was taking place in October of 1952 as the Hudson Fire Department worked through a true design build. From the 18-inch thick concrete floor that was cut out for the new staircase that leads to the second floor to the raising of the overhead doors that had hand-poured cement headers. This building is strong and continues to remain strong and will service the community of Hudson into the future. As a true municipal complex in 1952, this building housed not only the fire department but the police department and the Board of Selectmen's office, with a large meeting room on the second floor.
The roughly $1 million renovation approved by voters in March of 2015 included new apparatus doors to accept the newer-designed trucks which are generally taller than the older fire equipment; inside the station was completely redesigned for better ergonomic patterns for firefighters and a securer building with ADA access for the public. Energy-saving practices were included from LED lighting which works off sensors to come on and go off with motion detectors. Using the superstructure of the 1952 building changes were made for a new kitchen and dining room, adding a meeting and training room and a new physical training room.
As part of the celebration, Speaker Jasper presented a proclamation from the House of Representatives and told a couple of stories about his over-20 years of service to the department as a call member. One of the tales was about the overhead door getting closed on the tiller of the ladder truck, breaking the door and sending glass all around the station. Firefighter Jeff Sands, president of the union, mentioned the number of times in recent years when the door of the squad met with the doorway, even pointing to an event involving a former Fire Captain, now a selectman.
After several speakers, a hose across the apparatus door was disconnected by Chief Buxton with assistance from Retired Deputy Chief Harry Chesnulevich.


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Tornado Strikes 18 Wheeler Storage Yard
This tornado, filmed outside of Dallas Texas, has little difficulty tossing around a parking lot filled with 18 wheeler truck backs.
Earth: Masterpieces of Stone and Ice
Landsat images feature colours tuned to record geological or even human forces at work. More than that, though, this great gallery of Earth explores its timeless beauty, its uncertain path forward.
Timelapses At Mt Ruapehu
This series of stunning scenes was filmed over the course of 12 days in August 2011 at the Tongariro National Park in New Zealand. Mt Ruapehu is an active volcano known for its ski slopes and nature trails.
Humans Can Fly!
Introducing the ParaBounce, a new concept for a personalized flight machine.
Kiribati - A Climate Change Reality
Boobu Tioram, a resident of the Pacific island of Kirabati, took time out from reinforcing a seawall in front of his newly built house to speak with UNDP about what climate change has meant to his way of life.
How Do Crystals Form?
An explanation of crystals - their formation, what they are, and where they form.


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Clément Alloing, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
BAE & Saudi Arabia
BAE Systems is a key partner of the Saudi Arabia's military. It has supplied vast amounts of weaponry including over 200 combat aircraft. It also has thousands of employees in Saudi Arabia that make the country's military operations possible. BAE's weaponry and support are a vital part of Saudi Arabia's devastating attacks on Yemen.
Saudi Arabia is crucial to BAE. It is the company's third-largest market after the US and UK.
The company and its forerunners have been supplying combat aircraft to Saudi Arabia since the 1960s. Its deals with Saudi Arabia have been credited with rescuing the company from near bankruptcy following losses on its civil aviation side in the early 1990s.
In March 2015, a Saudi Arabia-led coalition commenced a military campaign in Yemen, targeting Houthis and allied rebel groups. The attacks involved substantial numbers of air strikes against a wide variety of targets and there is overwhelming evidence of repeated breaches of international humanitarian law.
"for people in Saudi Arabia and Yemen it is impossible to separate the people who sell the weapon from the ones that use them."
Arabian activist Ameen Nemer at the 2019 BAE AGM
The UK government has confirmed the use of BAE Tornado and Typhoon aircraft in the conflict. Despite this, BAE completed the delivery of the 72 Typhoons that had been ordered and, in March 2018, the UK and Saudi Arabia signed a Memorandum of Understanding for 48 more. However, despite BAE's best efforts, this deal appears to be stalled.
BAE supplies a wide range of equipment to Saudi Arabia in addition to combat aircraft. In 2011, Saudi armoured vehicles, manufactured by BAE, were deployed to Bahrain as part of the efforts to crush pro-democracy protests. BAE also maintains a staff of 6,500 people in Saudi Arabia, tasked with supporting the operational capabilities of the Saudi armed forces.
"In Saudi Arabia, the business provides operational capability support to the country's air and naval forces through UK/Saudi government-to-government programmes."
BAE Systems, Annual Report 2019
£2.6 billion
BAE sales to Saudi Arabia in 2019
BAE Annual Report
Arms deals
(Sourced from BAE Annual Reports)
BAE has two main programmes with Saudi Arabia that provide "operational capability support to the country's air and naval forces". These are:
Saudi British Defence Co-operation Programme (SBDCP)
In the late 2000s, the massive Al Yamamah arms deals of the 1980s morphed into the Saudi British Defence Co-operation Programme. BAE remained the prime contractor. The programme has provided a wide range of equipment and support:
Tornado combat aircraft, support and upgrades
trainer aircraft (including Hawk aircraft) and support
Naval minehunter mid-life update
Storm Shadow cruise missiles (manufactured by MBDA)
"manpower, logistics and training"
Salam Typhoon project
This is a separate project for the supply of Typhoon combat aircraft and the support programme for them. The deal for 72 aircraft was signed in 2007 and the last of the Typhoons was delivered in 2017. The support contracts continue.
Key contracts and deliveries
1st 4 Hawk training aircraft from the 2015 contract supplied to the Saudi military. The aircraft were assembled in Saudi Arabia.
Memorandum of Intent signed by the UK and Saudi Arabia for the supply of a further 48 Typhoon combat aircraft.
Agreement reached for BAE to continue to provide Typhoon support services to the Royal Saudi Air Force (a £3.2 billion contract up to 2022).
3rd and final Minehunter handed-over to the Royal Saudi Naval Forces following the mid-life update programme.
Final 4 of the 72 Typhoon aircraft delivered.
Final 8 of the 22 Hawk aircraft delivered (2012 contract).
"Production has completed" on the upgrade of M113 armoured vehicles for the Royal Saudi Land Forces. Carried out by FNSS, BAE's "land systems joint venture based in Turkey".
SBDCP contractual agreement for support services for a further 5 years, to the end of 2021.
11 Typhoon aircraft delivered.
14 Hawk aircraft delivered (2012 contract).
2nd Minehunter handed-over to the Royal Saudi Naval Forces following the mid-life update programme.
BAE "celebrated 50 years in Saudi Arabia".
Contract agreed for further 22 Hawk aircraft and associated equipment.
Agreement reached between BAE And the Saudi Arabian government over price escalation on the Salam Typhoon programme.
Five year follow-on Typhoon support programme agreed (£1.8bn contract).
Contract agreed for Tornado aircraft upgrades and weapons (£1.5bn contract).
1st Minehunter handed-over to the Royal Saudi Naval Forces following the mid-life update programme.
No Typhoon aircraft delivered (suspended while Typhoon price escalation negotiations took place).
Two six-month extensions to the Typhoon support programme agreed.
Tornado combat aircraft upgrade completed (81 aircraft).
Delivery of Storm Shadow cruise missiles reported as progressing according to schedule.
Contract agreed for aircrew training including the supply of 22 Hawk training aircraft and 55 PC-21 Pilatus training aircraft (£1.6bn).
SBDCP agreement for support services to the end of 2016 (£3.4bn).
Contract to upgrade 70 F-15 combat aircraft with BAE's Digital Electronic Warfare System (£200m).
6 Typhoon aircraft delivered.
Delivery completed of 200 Tactica armoured vehicles for the Saudi Arabian National Guard.
1st 8 Typhoon aircraft delivered.
Three year contract for Typhoon support agreed.
Tactica armoured vehicle deliveries start.
Contract for 72 Typhoon aircraft agreed.
Photo by Hussain Albukhaiti on Twitter
UK arms used in Yemen
The UK government admits that Saudi Arabia has used UK weapons, made by companies around the UK, in its attacks on Yemen.
Questions for BAE
Weapons manufacturer BAE Systems holds its Annual General Meeting today, but it's not taking questions from shareholders. We understand why it would want to hide from scrutiny: this is a company with plenty to be ashamed of. But as it continues to profit from violence around the world, we still have #QuestionsforBAE


super-block. Area containing residential accommodation, shops, schools, offices, etc., with public open space (e.g. a green), surrounded by roads and penetrated by cul-de-sac service-roads. It is linked to other super-blocks and a town centre by means of paths over or under the roads (e.g. in Radburn planning).
"super-block." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. . Encyclopedia.com. 20 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.


People come to Safed from throughout the world to encounter a spiritual Shabbat experience. The Kabbalat Shabbat service, a collection of prayers, psalms and hymns that is recited throughout the world before Shabbat begins, was written in Safed in the 1500s. Stores and businesses close throughout the city as the residents and guests, no matter what their level of observance, enjoy the unique Safed Shabbat atmosphere.
Click here for a Safed Carlebach Experience!!!
Shabbat tour of the Kahal, archaeological excavations of Tzfat's Old City. Free. Leaves from Livnot U'Lehibanot Tourist Informaiton Center, 27 Alkabetz Street (just below the Ari Ashkanazi Synagogue) Saturdays 10:30a.m. and 17:30p.m.
* You can arrange for Shabbat hospitality at the Carlebach-House of Love and Prayer.
* Individual visitors can stay in any of the hotels or guesthouses that operate throughout Safed and order their meals at either the Rimonim hotel or the Ron hotel. There are also many catering opportunities for Shabbat and holidays.
*There are many catering services on Jerusalem Street (Tzfat's main street) where visitors can pick up catered food on Friday morning to eat in their tzimmer/guestroom.
* There are Shabbat services at synagogues throughout Tzfat, including dozens in the Old City/Artist Quarter. The Carlebach synagogues (Beirav and House of Love and Prayer) feature musical havdallah services as well (Sat. night, after Shabbat ends).
 * The Ascent institute offers seminars, hostel-accommodations and a full Shabbat experience, including home hospitality, for Shabbat visitors.


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