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Tag: assassination
The Truth Is Out There, We Just May Never Find It
By TMC in Barack Obama, Politics
The American people and the world have been lied to so many times by government officials from the president on down that it's hard to tell when they are telling us the truth. So the truth becomes subjective because we are denied the facts and evidence. The article written in the London Review of Books by Pulitzer prize winning investigative journalist Seymour Hersh, who exposed the cover-up of My Lai massacre and the torture at Abu Grhraib, has serious cast doubt on the governments version of the assassination of Osama bin Laden on May 2, 2011 and the propaganda of the movie version of that event.
NBC News has now corroborated part of Mr. Hersh's report regarding the advanced knowledge of Pakistani officials and the possibility the Pakistani intelligence service knew of bin Laden's whereabouts.
The U.S. government has always characterized the heroic raid by Seal Team Six that killed bin Laden as a unilateral U.S. operation, and has maintained that the CIA found him by tracking couriers to his walled complex in Abbottabad, Pakistan.
The new revelations do not necessarily cast doubt on the overall narrative that the White House began circulating within hours of the May 2011 operation. The official story about how bin Laden was found was constructed in a way that protected the identity and existence of the asset, who also knew who inside the Pakistani government was aware of the Pakistani intelligence agency's operation to hide bin Laden, according to a special operations officer with prior knowledge of the bin Laden mission. The official story focused on a long hunt for bin Laden's presumed courier, Ahmed al-Kuwaiti. [..]
The NBC News sources who confirm that a Pakistani intelligence official became a "walk in" asset include the special operations officer and a CIA officer who had served in Pakistan. These two sources and a third source, a very senior former U.S. intelligence official, also say that elements of the ISI were aware of bin Laden's presence in Abbottabad. The former official was emphatic about the ISI's awareness, saying twice, "They knew."
Another top official acknowledged to NBC News that the U.S. government had long harbored "deep suspicions" that ISI and al Qaeda were "cooperating." And a book by former acting CIA director Mike Morrell that will be published tomorrow says that U.S. officials could not dismiss the possibility of such cooperation.
None of the sources characterized how high up in ISI the knowledge might have gone. Said one former senior official, "We were suspicious that someone inside ISI … knew where bin Laden was, but we did not have intelligence about specific individuals having specific knowledge."
MSNBC's Chris Hayes, host of "All In," interviewed Mr. Hersh and spoke with NBC News Chief Foreign Affairs Correspondent Andrea Mitchell about these new reports.
Again, this is all subjective. People will believe or disbelieve either version based on their own prejudices. Just remember this cold hard fact: many of the people who are disputing Mr. Hersh are proven liars.
assassination, Osama bin Laden, Pakistan, Seymour Hersh, TMC Politics, truth
No daylight between Sarah Palin and Obama
whereas Sarah Palin would merely shoot "infra-human" mammals from helipcopters on "hunting expeditions," Barack Obama has and intends to kill Americans using drones, robot assassins, Navy Seals, CIA, you name it.
Do you miss John Ashcroft, yet? Damned near. At least Ashcroft showed an ounce of integrity on his sick-bed concerning illegal surveillance.
Not only should Eric Holder resign, he should take Obama with him to the laughingstocks.
I previously mentioned why Elena Kagan, daughter of Neo-Con, Supporter of Battlefield Earth, would be a terrible Supreme Court choice, and nobody cared, outside very tiny circles. Well, now you've got Holder and Kagan in a 5-4, at their worst, and you're fucked. How's that Big Tent D? You helped convince America (progressives!) to vote for the Obama/Kagan ticket. Nice work, buddy.
Yeah, and BTD wants me to "vote Obama" to work for the next Supreme Court selections? I've got bile in my mouth.
assassination, Elena Kagan, hunting.
"Are We Even Allowed To Do This?"
Apparently, "Yes. We Can"
If you told me at the beginning of the Obama presidency that his clearest legacy would involve not closing Gitmo or green jobs or manufacturing jobs – or any kind of jobs, really – but would in fact be his ability to rain targeted death from the sky … I mean, are we even allowed to do that?
Now that President Barack Obama supporters, and many of his non-supporters, are righteously praising the the due process free assassination of Anwar al-Awlaki as justified because the Obama said so, why hasn't the evidence that al-Awlaki was a threat been released? So far the only evidence we have that al-Awlaki was a "Very Bad Terrorist" is his rhetoric which is protected under the 1st Amendment. When confronted by ABC News' reporter, Jake Tapper, White House spokesperson Jay Carney declared that the evidence was still classified and not to be seen. Very nice that Tapper pushed back on this, but where was he when this order was revealed over a year ago? Are we now "Alice in the Wonderland" standing before the "Red Queen" demanding sentence first, verdict later>
Why are so few of us questioning this rational that we so adamantly opposed in the voting booth just a mere 3 years ago? Are those who are cheering this even aware of the precedent and consequences of such a authoritarian action?
Glenn Greenwald, who has been a vocal critic of the Bush and Obama administrations' abuse of power and disregard for the rule of law, has this observation:
That mentality – he's a Terrorist because my Government said he's one and I therefore don't need evidence or trials to subject that evidence to scrutiny – also happens to be the purest definition of an authoritarian mentality, the exact opposite of the dynamic that was supposed to drive how the country functioned (Thomas Jefferson: "In questions of power, let no more be heard of confidence in men, but bind him down from mischief with the chains of the Constitution"). I trust My President and don't need to see evidence or have due process is the slavish mentality against which Jefferson warned; it's also one of the most pervasive ones in much of the American citizenry, which explains a lot.
Like the Bush administration's justification for the use of torture and indefinite detention without due process, the Obama administration claims that they carefully consulted lawyers within the Justice Department who unanimously supported the president's order.
"The Justice Department wrote a secret memorandum authorizing the lethal targeting of Anwar al-Aulaqi, the American-born radical cleric who was killed by a U.S. drone strike Friday, according to administration officials," the newspaper reported. "The document was produced following a review of the legal issues raised by striking a U.S. citizen and involved senior lawyers from across the administration. There was no dissent about the legality of killing Aulaqi, the officials said."
But we will never see that memo, it's classified. So much for that transparency that was promised by Obama. I only hope that Eric Holder has as much success in finding a job after he leaves DOJ as Alberto Gonzales. I digress.
Greenwald makes some important points that debunk other ignorant claims:
(1) the most ignorant claim justifying the Awlaki killing is that he committed "treason" and thus gave up citizenship; there's this document called the "Constitution" that lays out the steps the Government is required to take before punishing a citizen for "treason" ("No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court"); suffice to say, it's not met by the President secretly declaring someone guilty backed up by leaked, anonymous accusations to the press;
(2) a new U.S. military study today finds that Awlaki's killing won't impede Al Qaeda's operational capabilities, so for those of you worried that this killing might impede Endless War, don't worry: like the bin Laden killing, Endless War will march on unimpeded; that's why it's called Endless War.
Some argue that al-Awlaki's assassination will make us less safe and strengthen Al Qaeda's resolve:
Evidence shows that killing terrorist leaders – or "decapitating" terrorist organizations, in military parlance – rarely ends violence on its own and can actually have adverse consequences. Indeed, killing prominent leaders can motivate their followers to retaliate and increase sympathy for the militants' cause among civilians.
Simply focusing on the leadership of a terrorist organization rarely brings about the group's demise. My study of approximately 300 cases of singling out the leadership of 96 terrorist organizations globally – including Al Qaeda and Hamas – between 1945 and 2004, shows that the likelihood of collapse actually declines for groups whose leaders have been arrested or killed.
George Washington University law professor, Jonathan Turley, wrote is a column:
While few people mourn the passing of figures such as al-Awlaki, who was accused of being a leader in al-Qaeda, they should mourn the passing of basic constitutional protections afforded to all citizens. So a president can now kill a citizen without publicly naming him as a target, stating the basis for his killing, or even acknowledging his own responsibility for the killing once it has been carried out. Even if one assumes citizens would be killed only outside the country, it would mean that a mere suspect's life could become dispensable the minute he steps a foot over one of our borders.
At the same time, the government has expanded the definition of terrorism and material support for terrorism, which in turn further expands the scope of possible targets. When confronted on the lack of knowledge of who is on this list and the basis for the killing, the Obama administration simply says citizens must trust their president. It is the very definition of authoritarian power – and Americans appear to have developed a taste for it.
Notably, in the face of these extrajudicial killings, Democrats who claim to be civil libertarians, such as Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California, have cheered the president – creating a record for the next president to expand on these acquiesced powers.
No republic can long stand if a president retains the unilateral authority to kill citizens whom he deems a danger to the country. What is left is a magnificent edifice of laws and values that, to quote Shakespeare's Macbeth, is "full of sound and fury, signifying nothing."
Al Qaeda, Anwar al-Awlaki, assassination, Constitutional Law, Gelnn Greenwald, Jonathan Turley, law, terrorism, TMC Politics
driftglass owes Dick Cheney an apology: updated
I'm getting more than a little irritated at the lack of principles shown by so-called liberals since Mr. Peace Prize took office. The latest offensive behavior is either praising and defending Obama's "targeted assassinations" (well, one "targeted" and the other, uh, "un-targeted"), or not even addressing the subject, pretending it doesn't even exist, as if they wouldn't have been boiling with rage if Dick Cheney had otherwise whacked, rubbed out, iced, bumped off, slaughtered or shipped an American without due process, based purely on the President's slanderous say so. I actually learned the acronymn IOKIYAR (it's okay [to do something heinous] if you are Republican) from Democrats. Irony won't die an easy death, will it?
But it sure looks like Team Obama dusted Awlaki. Blew him away. Murdered him.
Sadly, one of my favorite bloggers has weighed in with the "We killed Dillinger" defense.
Or, as we would describe it today, the United States government has assassinated a US citizen without due process.
This fantasy that the United States government has never killed a bad guy who was a US citizen "without due process" is very strange.
This is such a collapse of moral reasoning on several counts. My initial response was:
this is an odious comparison. Dillinger had long, long record; charges, convictions, jail-time; due process! he was charged with murder; he was armed and in flight when he was killed; some sources say he pulled his gun.
In contrast, all we have is friggin' hearsay against awlaki. The White House still refuses to provide any evidence; they refused him representation by legal counsel.
Like, I said. Odious.
So many liberals owe Dick Cheney apologies these days.
Even if Dillinger were gunned down in cold blood, should we use such historical precedents to, say, bring back slavery? Prolly not.
In addition, I'm pretty sure driftglass knows something about the perils of
The Unitary Executive Demigodhood, once thought of as a sprawling cancerous blot on the normal functioning of checks and balances of a non-financial variety.
Sick of it, Liberals. Act your age.
Anwar al-Awlaki, assassination, john Dillinger
Tapper grills White House on assassination of American without due process
whut's this? A momentarily functioning press corpse?
Here's what I heard:
Anwar al-Awlaki, assassination, Due Process, Obama
AZ Rep. Gabrielle Giffords Has Been Shot in Tuscon This Am at Constituent Event
By AmericanRiverCanyon
Saturday, January 8, 2011 Representative Gabrielle Giffords, (D, AZ-08 ) was shot this morning at a "Congress on Your Corner" constituent event in a Safeway grocery store at around 10am local mountain time.
http://my.firedoglake.com/tedd…
At 11:07 am PST her condition is unknown, she has been hospitalized at the University Medical Center in Tuscon, along with other staffers, people and bystanders who were wounded. (at least 6 others wounded )
The attempted assassin ran up to her and fired at point blank range, hitting her in the head, and then ran off, but he was tackled by witnesses and brought down and taken into custody. (per what I am hearing now on MSNBC as they are talking to a sheriff on a phone line)
Rep. Giffords, 40 years old, was elected to a 3rd term on Nov 2. http://www.npr.org/2011/01/08/…
Oh, my God, a witness on the phone to MSNBC says there are bodies laying all over the place, at least 3 killed. Sheriff says 5 killed, 6 wounded.
Arizona has been a hotbed of hostility towards Democrats since Republican Gov. Jan Brewer signed the racial profiling law targeting Latinos and Indigenous peoples, and both Giffords and Rep. Raul Grijalva have previously received death threats from the extreme right wing.
UPDATED According to a spokesperson for the hospital at a recent news conference on MSNBC, the Congresswoman remains in critical condition, but he is optimistic that she will survive her wound. She is said to be out of surgery. The bullet is said to have gone completely through her head.
A Federal Judge died in the attack.
A nine year old child taken to the hospital did not survive.
5 people are in surgery, 5 people are in critical condition.
The name of the suspected shooter is Jared Laughner, and it is unknown at this time if he was acting alone or in concert with others.
Updated #2 spelling correction. suspect Jared Lee Loughner. Age 22, Tuscon, AZ
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/… (see creepy youtubes at link, the last one is "my final thoughts" )
I'm a sleepwalker – who turns off the alarm clock
All conscious dreaming at this moment is asleep
Jared Loughner is conscious dreaming at this moment
Thus Jared Loughner is asleep
If I define terrorist then a terrorist is a person who employs terror or terrorism,
especially as a political weapon
I define terrorist
Thus, a terrorist is a person who employs terror or terrorism, especially as a political weapon
If you call me a terrorist then the argument to call me a terrorist is Ad hominem
you call me a terrorist
thus the argument to call me a terrorist is Ad Hominem
you don't have to accept the federalist laws
nonetheless, read the United States of America's Constitution to apprehend all of the current treasonous laws
You're literate, listener ?
the property owners and government officials are no longer in ownership of their land and laws from a revolution.
thus, the revolutionary's from the revolution are in control of the land and laws
In conclusion, reading the second United States Constitution, I can't trust the current government because of the ratifications: The government is implying mind control and brainwash on the people by controlling grammar.
No ! I won't pay debt with a currency that's not backed by gold and silver !
No ! I won't trust in God !
What's government if words have no meaning ?
-Jared Loughner 3
The above quotes were from the #3 video of a youtube account of a "Jared Loughner" which is at the HuffPo link.
This is Tea Party – Libertarian theme babbling.
The Federal Judge who was murdered, along with 5 others so far, was US District Court Judge John Roll.
Update #3. Law enforcement are looking for a second suspect, who is believed to have come to the store with the shooter, a white male in his 50's, whom they are not otherwise releasing any news on, other than they have pictures they are not releasing. http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.c…
Pima County Sheriff Clarence Dupnik says Rep. Giffords was the intended target of the shooting, and was "not convinced" that the suspect had acted alone. http://www.13wmaz.com/news/bre…
Arizona, assassination, AZ-08, Confederacy, Democrat, gun nuts, Representative Gabrielle Giffords, Right Wing, Tea Party
Pakistan's Punjab Governor Taseer Assassinated
News Being Ignored by the cable TeeVee AMSM Dept, not that we're in a covert war or anything:
Tuesday, Jan 4, 2011. The governor of Pakistan's Punjab province, Salman Taseer, age 56, has been assassinated in the northern capital of Islamabad by one of his bodyguards. Taseer was a member of the Bhutto legacy Pakistan People's Party. In 2008, the president of Pakistan, Zadari, appointed him governor of Punjab, which is Pakistan's wealthiest province and in the east along the Indian border. According to Al Jazeera, Taseer, who was visiting Islamabad, was not being guarded by his usual security detail. The alleged assassin was from Rawalpindi, which is slightly south of Islamabad, and that is where former PM Benazir Bhutto was also killed in 2007 by a bomb explosion. Rawalpindi is the headquarters of the Pakistani Army and Air Force.
Tomorrow, January 5th, was to be the anniversary celebration of the birth of Bhutto's father, Zufikar Ali Bhutto.
The government has closed parliament and announced a three day period of mourning.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/worl…
Last month he publicly supported Aasia Bibi, a Christian woman and mother of three who has been sentenced to death for allegedly insulting the prophet Muhammad. Bibi's case has triggered a fresh debate around the blasphemy laws, which human rights groups say are frequently abused to settle scores or target minorities.
Enraged PPP supporters took to the streets across Pakistan, chanting slogans and weeping. A procession of ashen-faced ministers and officials trailed into the Islamabad hospital where Taseer's body was taken after the shooting. "These are the forces that are ranged against us," said Latif Khosa, a former attorney general. "Every time our party comes to power, its leaders are assassinated or disappear."
Foreshadowing ?
Monday, Jan 3rd, 2011.
http://www.reuters.com/article…
Pakistan's Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani's government lost its parliamentary majority Sunday when the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) announced it would go into opposition over fuel price policies.
The former military chief (Musharraf), who came to power in a bloodless coup in 1999, has lived in self-imposed exile since he stepped down under threat of impeachment in 2008. He spends most of his time in London and Dubai.
Musharraf said: "I must return (to Pakistan) well before the next elections, whenever that may be. I strongly believe the real momentum for my party will start once I reach Pakistan. So we are trying to create an environment for me to reach there."
Aasia Bibi, assassination, Islamabad, Pakistan, Pakistan Peoples Party, Punjab, Salman Taseer
The brilliance and necessity of Julian Assange's Wikileaks
Originally posted at Polizeros.com
Bloggers like Bob Morris of Polizeros have pointed out that even some who are typically rebellious in their rhetoric are condemning Julian Assange (while there are people like Jonah Goldberg and Chuck Schumer calling for his head), so I think it's worth pointing out how historically important Assange (and Wikileaks, of course) could be. With the caveat that we have all yet to see the effects of what Wikileaks is doing, he has the potential to play two essential and complementary roles: radical anti-authoritarian and someone who makes it safe for others to voice similar opinions.
Anarchism, assassination, Cablegate, cables, Chuck Schumer, Jonah Goldberg, Julian Assange, leaks, Mike Gravel, Polizeros, radicalism, transparency, Wikileaks
Obama Tells CIA to Kill US Citizen
By Edger in Barack Obama
The Obama administration has lowered another legal barrier shielding Americans from extrajudicial punitive action by their own government, in this case authorizing the CIA to kill a US citizen suspected of having ties to al-Qaeda in Yemen and links to two attacks inside the United States last year.
Anwar al-Awlaki, a Muslim cleric born in New Mexico but now living in Yemen, may be the first US citizen targeted for assassination by the CIA under a counter-terror policy established by President George W. Bush and since embraced by President Barack Obama.
Awlaki was previously viewed simply as an Islamic preacher espousing a radical religious viewpoint, but the reassessment of his status began last year when it was disclosed that Army Maj. Nidal Hassan had been communicating with Awlaki via e-mail before the Army psychiatrist allegedly shot and killed 12 soldiers and one civilian at Fort Hood in Texas last November.
A month later, on Christmas Day, a young Nigerian man, Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, tried to blow up a Northwest Airlines jetliner over Detroit, and US intelligence officials revealed that Abdulmutallab had been a student of Awlaki's in Yemen. Though Awlaki denied ordering the attack, word began to spread that the CIA was adding Awlaki to a list of about two dozen people targeted for assassination.
Multiple press reports now indicate that Awlaki has been put on the death list, a move that the Obama administration justifies by claiming to have information that Awlaki has shifted from denouncing the United States to plotting violent acts against Americans.
Read all of it here:
Obama Administration Authorizes CIA to Kill US Citizen
by Jason Leopold, April 7, 2010
Anwar al-Awlaki, assassination, CIA, Jason Leopold, Nidal Hassan, terrorism, Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, war crimes, Yemen
2 Murder Suspects of Hamas in Dubai Came to US after Killing
There are 27 suspects in the January 20th murder of Hamas top military operative Mahmoud Al- Mabhouh , all of whom travelled to Dubai, United Arab Emirates, on faked foreign passports. Ironically, Mabhouh was also in the UAE on a false passport.
Two of murder suspects subsequently entered the United States, one on an Irish passport as "Evan Dennings" January 21st, and another on a British passport Feb 14th "Roy Allan Cannon." (Both real life persons, one British- Israeli, are currently believed to be the victims of identity fraud. )
It is not known if the alleged murderers using the passports are still in this country.
http://online.wsj.com/article/…
There aren't records of either man leaving the U.S., though investigators can't be sure the two are still in the country, according to this person. Since the two were traveling with what investigators believe to be fraudulently issued passports, they may have traveled back out of the U.S. with different, bogus travel documents.
The suspected U.S. travel broadens to American shores the international manhunt triggered by Dubai's investigation into the death of Mr. Mabhouh. Dubai police have already identified two U.S. financial companies they believe issued and distributed several credit cards used by 14 of the suspects in the alleged killing.
A U.S. State Department spokesman declined to comment.
A spokesman for Interpol, which is also investigating the murder, declined to comment.
Israeli officials have neither confirmed nor denied any involvement, a longstanding practice. Last week, Israel's foreign minister said there was no proof implicating Israel.
http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/…
Twelve of the suspects used British passports, police said. Six suspects used Irish passports, four used French passports, three used Australian passports and one used a German passport.
Already the story is changing again, as a "national security source in the United States" is saying that the 2 suspects who might have entered the US after the murder, did not, even as the list of suspects went from 26 to 27, according to CNN and newsrunner.com.
http://www.newsrunner.com/disp…
The only Israeli in government who has commented so far is Tzipi Livni, the current Kadima Party opposition leader and the former foreign minister.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/…
A CNN reporter, Christiane Amanpour, asked the Israeli Minister of Defense on Saturday to comment. Ehud Barak wouldn't comment, either.
The Chief of Police of Dubai, Dahi Khalfan, is "100% positive" that Mossad is involved. During a Feb 28th news conference, Khalfan said that he was sure that all the suspects were now in Israel, and as long as they stayed there, they wouldn't be arrested. The UAE is now blocking people traveling on Israeli dual nationality passports from entering the country.
Information released yesterday says the autopsy showed Mabhouh was injected with the muscle relaxant succinylcholine, typically used in endotracheal intubation, and then suffocated to death.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S…
it is perennially popular in emergency medicine because it arguably has the fastest onset and shortest duration of action of all muscle relaxants.
Suxamethonium does not produce unconsciousness or anesthesia, and its effects may cause considerable psychological distress while simultaneously making it impossible for a patient to communicate. For these reasons, administration of the drug to a conscious patient is strongly contraindicated, except in necessary emergency situations.
The use and abuse of foreign passports and identities by the hit squad involved in the murder, has upset many countries.
assassination, Dubai, Hamas, Israel, Mahmoud Al-Mabouh, murder, UAE
No mas d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d !!!
On the topic of extra-judicial assassinations of Americans by CIA hit squads, Glenn Greenwald writes:
…government officials often abuse their power and/or err and therefore must prove accusations to be true (with tested evidence) before they're assumed to be true and the person punished accordingly.
I wonder what he's talking about.
Veronica Bowers, 35, and her seven-month-old daughter, Charity, were killed when their Cessna was mistaken for a drug plane in 2001…
…A cockpit video tape obtained by ABC News shows how a CIA spotter plane sneaked up behind the Cessna and wrongly identified it as a drug plane. CIA operatives then called in the Peruvian Air Force.
assassination, CIA, extra-judicial killing, Glenn Greenwald, peru
Experts: Sirhan Sirhan Did Not Kill RFK
By Inky99
One thing I really like about this place is how most of the folks here aren't in the junior-high-school style rah-rah-rah bullshit mode of "The Dems are OUR team and that other team sucks and is the cause of all our problems!"
Most of us have outgrown that. It's why we're here and not at that other place, where that attitude prevails.
So this is why I wanted to share something I saw today, it's a most fantastic documentary on the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. It's called "RFK Must Die: The Assassination of Bobby Kennedy" and was made by a filmmaker named Shane O'Sullivan, and broadcast on the BBC. You can rent it, or buy it now. I happened to catch it, quite by chance, on The Documentary Channel, which is right next to CNN (ha!) on Dish TV.
The reason I'm sharing this is because many of the conversations here, about such things, always seem to lead to "well, who exactly ARE the men behind the curtain"?
This film doesn't answer as to exactly these people are specifically, but lets you know who they are in a general sense.
As many people have pointed out, there are a great many parallels between 9/11 and the JFK assassination, such as Peter Dale Scott in this article here (highly recommended). And it's obvious whoever was behind the JFK murder also committed RFK's.
Oddly enough, I had actually written about this documentary a little while back at DK, when I stumbled across the following:
MASHANTUCKET, Conn. — New forensics evidence presented Tuesday during a symposium at Foxwoods suggests Sirhan Sirhan did not fire the fatal shots that killed Sen. Robert Kennedy in 1968.
The essay I wrote went on to discuss a few other details, such as this:
These guys aren't the first to consider a "second gunman". The first was probably the Los Angeles corner who did the autopsy, Thomas Noguchi. In his autobiography, he reports:
"Until more is precisely known…the existence of a second gunman remains a possibility. Thus, I have never said that Sirhan Sirhan killed Robert Kennedy."
Why would he say such a thing? Well, even before these new recordings came out in which 13 shots are heard (and Sirhan Sirhan's gun only held eight bullets), Noguchi discovered that there were more bullet wounds than there were bullets — considering that RFK had been shot with four bullets, and there were five people also wounded, presumably by five more bullets. The LAPD rationalized this by saying that some of the wounds must have been caused by one bullet hitting more than one victim, and they even presented an extremely convoluted case as to all the whacky trajectories the bullets must have taken. However, the main sticking point, the point that probably haunted Noguchi, and many others, is the fact that the shot that killed Kennedy was fired from just a few inches away from the back of his head, behind his ear — powder burns proved it. Yet Sirhan Sirhan was never closer than five or six feet away, and always facing Kennedy.
assassination, CIA, JFK, RFK, Sirhan Sirhan, the deep state


I consider myself to be not entirely an idiot.
I am not completely useless when it comes to organising things. In a previous life I used to get paid for organising quite complicated things, so you might imagine that I could easily get my head around the intricacies of visiting the Alhambra without getting in a tangle. Imagine again.
A quick internet search will throw up a great deal on the subject of visiting this spectacular monument, but when I came to do some research I did indeed get myself into a tangle.
Even trying to explain to visiting friends and family how they might go about getting hold of tickets produces glazed eyes and thousand mile stares. I watch the shutters come down in some sort of involuntary response to the sheer number of words that there are to say on the subject. This is much like the sleep inducing effect of white noise on a small baby.
Fail to do any research whatsoever before you travel to Granada and assume that you can fly by the seat of your pants when visiting one of the world's most beloved and visited monuments.
How hard can it really be to get tickets anyway, right?
Finally go online at ticketmaster.es in your hotel room the night before you plan to visit the Alhambra only to find that there are no advance tickets to be had for the next forever, or for the duration of your stay anyway.
No worries, if you get an early start in the morning it'll all be fine, right?
Go out on the lash down Calle Elvira the night before which may, or may not, involve a nasty late-night incident over a broken 'antique' shisha pipe in a Moroccan teashop. Fail to wake up at the crack of doom in order to start queuing at the famous Alhambra ticket office with all the other poor souls, who are also failing to visit the Alhambra in an orderly fashion.
How long could the queues really be anyway, right?
Finally arrive at the ticket office with a plan to buy an afternoon ticket for that day only to find that there is a gargantuan queue, but you are not sure if it is for ticket purchase or collection. You are also desperate for the loo but cannot afford to lose your place in the queue.
The queue is bound to move pretty quickly, right?
Ignore the bank of yellow Servicaixa ticket/cash machines that winked at you earlier when you were looking for the ticket office.
If people were able to buy/collect tickets from them, thereby avoiding the queue, they would all be doing it, right?
You finally get to the front of the queue and by some miraculous twist of good fortune (not good management) you are able to get a time slot for the Nazrid Palaces at the end of the day. Brilliant. The day is saved.
Decide to go off into town to pass the couple of hours that you now have to fill before 14.00 when you will be allowed to enter the Alhambra grounds. It's all down hill from here on in.
You are a grown-up and can totally manage your time and not get lost in a strange city, right?
Lose track of time and arrive back at the Alhambra entrance rather later than you had planned. So many tapas bars, so little time, eh? And it was up hill on the way back.
OK, so you just have to keep a really good eye on the time now, right?
Go forth into the Alhambra and Generalife with map in hand (#win) only to completely and utterly fail to make your time slot for the Nazrid Palaces due to there being so much else to see and underestimating the time it takes to get around.
Surely they will let me in if I have paid for a ticket and am only five minutes late, right?
Of course it is still possible to have a fantastic visit, even if you do follow all these steps, such is the fabulousness of almost every corner of the Alhambra and Generalife.
That said, if you would like some untangled advice on visiting this wonderful place, from one who has got herself in a tangle so that you don't have to, please check out the GranadaSpain Insider Guide to visiting the Alhambra.
I would also love to hear from you if you have had similar, or wildly differing, experiences. Please drop me a comment in the box below.
If all of the ticket-buying and collection rigmarole sounds a bit too much like hard work and you fancy a guided tour there is another option. You can book a tour of the Alhambra which includes admission and a guided tour, with headset for the commentary, of the Alhambra and Generalife.


text:
San Michele Cavana è una frazione del comune di Lesignano de' Bagni, in provincia di Parma.

La località dista 6,79 km dal capoluogo.

Geografia fisica
La località sorge sui rilievi collinari appenninici della Val Parma, sulla sponda destra del torrente omonimo.

Il territorio è caratterizzato dall'alternanza di ampie zone coltivate a fitte boscaglie nei versanti più impervi; l'altura a monte dell'abbazia di San Basilide è ricoperta da una pineta ricca di diverse specie arboree, riqualificata nel 2012 con la realizzazione di un percorso ciclo-pedonale.

Origini del nome
La località deve il suo nome all'arcangelo Michele, al quale in epoca medievale era intitolata una chiesa oggi scomparsa collocata nei pressi dell'abbazia di San Basilide, e al monte Cavana, che si erge tra il centro della frazione e il piccolo borgo di Ciola.

Storia
Il borgo medievale di San Michele Cavana sorse lungo la trafficata via di Linari che conduceva all'omonima abbazia sul passo del Lagastrello.

Nel IX secolo fu edificata nella località di Ciola l'originaria pieve intitolata a san Pietro, mentre l'abbazia di San Basilide fu costruita ai piedi del monte Cavana nei primissimi anni del XII; per offrire riparo ai numerosi pellegrini, furono eretti nella zona anche numerosi oratori, in seguito scomparsi.

Il territorio, dipendente nel XV secolo dai Rossi, passò successivamente ai Gigli Cervi, che ne mantennero i diritti feudali fino alla loro abolizione sancita da Napoleone per l'ex ducato di Parma e Piacenza nel 1805. San Michele Cavana divenne inizialmente frazione del comune di Parma, ma l'anno successivo fu aggregata al costituendo comune di Lesignano, rinominato nel 1837 Lesignano de' Bagni.

Monumenti e luoghi d'interesse

Abbazia di San Basilide

Edificata in stile romanico all'incirca tra il 1096 e il 1115 per volere di san Bernardo degli Uberti, l'abbazia vallombrosana fu danneggiata da un terremoto nel 1117, che comportò la ricostruzione della facciata della chiesa con l'aggiunta di un esonartece, poi modificato a partire dal 1256; sostenuta finanziariamente dalla famiglia della Palude, la struttura mantenne la piena autonomia fino al 1419, quando all'abate fu affiancato un commendatario; caduta in declino, fu ridotta a commenda di importanti famiglie nobiliari in seguito al definitivo allontanamento dei monaci dopo il 1484; successivamente al crollo della pieve di San Pietro, la chiesa fu elevata nel 1564 al rango di parrocchia e fu internamente ristrutturata in stile barocco agli inizi del XVII secolo e soprattutto nei primi anni del XVIII; dopo la confisca napoleonica del 1805, il monastero fu alienato a privati e destinato a usi residenziali e agricoli; nell'ottica di riportare alla luce l'originaria veste romanica, il luogo di culto fu completamente ristrutturato tra il 1934 e il 1942 e nuovamente nel 1961, rimuovendo tutte le aggiunte seicentesche e settecentesche; restaurato esternamente tra il 2004 e il 2005, fu danneggiato dal sisma del 2008 e ristrutturato interamente tra il 2011 e il 2015. La chiesa conserva vari elementi di pregio: il nartece romanico, retto da sei pilastri cruciformi coronati da capitelli riccamente scolpiti nei primissimi anni del XII secolo dalle stesse maestranze che operarono nel duomo di Parma; il portale d'ingresso sormontato da lunetta; il fonte battesimale di reimpiego; la cripta decorata con stucchi settecenteschi, contenente le spoglie di san Basilide; il portale d'accesso all'ex monastero. Il chiostro a pianta quadrata, seppur rimaneggiato nei secoli, custodisce della struttura medievale un'ampia bifora ad arco, alcune arcate, varie porzioni di pilastri e il monumento sepolcrale di Geraldino di Saviola.

Pieve di San Pietro
Edificata nel IX secolo, la pieve di San Pietro fu menzionata per la prima volta nel 1230 nel Capitulum seu Rotulus Decimarum della diocesi di Parma; profondamente degradata, fu definitivamente chiusa al culto nel 1564, quando fu elevata al rango di parrocchia la chiesa dell'abbazia di San Basilide;
completamente abbandonata, se ne perse in seguito ogni traccia, a eccezione di due lapidi conservate nella canonica della badia.

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 Abbazia di San Basilide
 Lesignano de' Bagni

Altri progetti

Frazioni di Lesignano de' Bagni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Like most people, Kevin Hall made use of to assume the reason people get fat is basic.
" Why do not they simply consume much less as well as exercise more?" he bears in mind believing.
Trained as a physicist, the calories-in-vs.- calories-burned formula for weight management constantly made sense to him. But then his own research– as well as the contestants on a hit reality-TV program– proved him incorrect.
Hall, a scientist at the National Institutes of Health and wellness (NIH), began seeing The Most significant Loser a few years ago on the suggestion of a good friend. "I saw these people stepping on ranges, and also they shed 20 lb. in a week," he states. On the one hand, it tracked with widespread beliefs concerning weight loss: the exercises were punishing as well as the diet regimens limiting, so it stood to reason the men and also women on the program would certainly lose weight. Still, 20 lb. in a week was a great deal. To understand just how they were doing it, he determined to examine 14 of the participants for a scientific paper.
Hall promptly learned that in reality-TV-land, a week does not constantly convert right into a precise seven days, but no matter: the weight being shed was actual, quick as well as substantial. Over the training course of the period, the entrants lost a standard of 127 pound.
Exactly what he really did not anticipate to discover was that even when the problems for weight loss are TV-perfect– with a difficult but motivating fitness instructor, telegenic physicians, strict dish strategies and killer exercises– the body will, in the long run, fight like heck to get that fat back. With time, 13 of the 14 contestants Hall examined acquired, usually, 66% of the weight they 'd shed on the program, as well as four were larger compared to they were before the competitors.
That may be depressing enough to make even the most inspired dieter give up. "There's this idea of why trouble attempting," states Hall. Yet locating solution to the weight-loss puzzle has actually never ever been much more important. The large bulk of American adults are overweight; nearly 40% are scientifically obese. As well as medical professionals now understand that excess body fat substantially boosts the risk of severe health issue, including Kind 2 diabetic issues, cardiovascular disease, depression, breathing problems, significant cancers cells and even fertility problems. A 2017 research study discovered that excessive weight now owns much more very early avoidable deaths in the U.S. than smoking. This has fueled a weight-loss industry worth $66.3 billion, marketing everything from diet tablets to meal strategies to expensive fitness center memberships.
It's likewise fueled a surge in research study. Last year the NIH supplied an estimated $931 million in funding for excessive weight study, consisting of Hall's, and that research is giving researchers a new understanding of why diet programs is so hard, why keeping the weight off gradually is even more difficult as well as why the prevailing wisdom concerning weight reduction appears to work only occasionally– for some individuals.
What scientists are uncovering should bring fresh want to the 155 million Americans that are overweight, according to the United States Centers for Illness Control and Avoidance. Leading scientists finally agree, for instance, that exercise, while important to good health, is not a specifically trusted method to keep off body fat over the long-term. As well as the excessively simplified arithmetic of calories in vs. calories out has given way to the much more nuanced understanding that it's the composition of an individual's diet– as opposed to just how much of it they can burn off working out– that sustains weight loss.
Hall, Sacks and various other scientists are revealing that the trick to weight-loss seems extremely personalized rather than stylish diets. And also while weight reduction will never ever be simple for any person, the evidence is placing that it's possible for anyone to reach a healthy weight– people just need to find their best means there.
In the 1830s, Presbyterian minister Sylvester Graham proclaimed a vegan diet that excluded flavors, dressings and also alcohol. Tradition has it that at regarding the exact same time, President William Howard Taft took on a relatively contemporary plan– low fat, low calorie, with a daily food log– after he obtained stuck in a White Home bath tub.
The concept of the calorie as a system of power had been examined and cooperated clinical circles throughout Europe for a long time, yet it had not been till World war that calorie counting ended up being de rigueur in the U.S. Amid worldwide food lacks, the American government required a way to motivate people to reduce on their food intake, so it issued its first ever "clinical diet" for Americans, which had calorie counting at its core.
In the adhering to decades, when being rail-thin became ever more desirable, almost all diet programs recommendations stressed meals that were low calorie. There was the grapefruit diet of the 1930s (in which people consumed half a grapefruit with every dish from an idea that the fruit had fat-burning enzymes) and the cabbage-soup diet of the 1950s (a flatulence-inducing plan where individuals ate cabbage soup every day for a week along with low-calorie meals).
The 1960s saw the beginning of the substantial commercialization of weight loss in the UNITED STATE That's when a New York housewife called Jean Nidetch began hosting good friends at her house to talk concerning their concerns with weight as well as diet programs. Her regular conferences aided her so a lot– she shed 72 pound.
Almost half a century later on, Weight Watchers remains among one of the most readily successful diet business in the world, with 3.6 million energetic customers and also $1.2 billion in income in 2016.
What the majority of these diet plans shared was a suggestion that is still prominent today: consume less calories as well as you will reduce weight. Even the low-fat trend that began in the late 1970s– which was based upon the intuitively attractive however inaccurate notion that eating fat will make you fat– relied on the calorie-counting design of weight-loss. (Because fatty foods are more calorie-dense than, say, plants, reasoning recommends that if you eat much less of them, you will eat fewer calories on the whole, then you'll reduce weight.).
That's not just what happened when people went slim, however. The diet pattern coincided with weight gain. In 1990, adults with excessive weight comprised less compared to 15% of the United States populace. By 2010, the majority of states were reporting weight problems in 25% or even more of their populaces. Today that has swelled to 40% of the grown-up population. For children and teens, it's 17%.
Research like Hall's is starting to clarify why. As demoralizing as his preliminary searchings for were, they just weren't altogether unusual: more than 80% of individuals with obesity who reduce weight gain it back. That's because when you slim down, your resting metabolic rate (what does it cost? power your body utilizes when at rest) slows down– possibly a transformative holdover from the days when food scarcity was common.
What Hall discovered, nevertheless– and also just what honestly surprised him– was that even when the Biggest Loser entrants acquired back some of their weight, their relaxing metabolism really did not speed up in addition to it. Instead, in a vicious spin, it stayed reduced, melting concerning 700 fewer calories per day than it did prior to they started losing weight to begin with. "When individuals see the reducing metabolic process numbers," states Hall, "their eyes bulge like, Exactly how is that even feasible?".
The contestants lose a huge quantity of weight in a fairly brief time period– unquestionably not how most physicians advise you reduce weight– however research study reveals that the same reducing metabolic rate Hall observed tends to take place to regular Joes also. The majority of people who reduce weight gain back the extra pounds they shed at a price of 2 to 4 lb. per year.
For the 2.2 billion people around the world who are obese, Hall's findings can feel like a formula for failure– as well as, at the very same time, scientific vindication. They show that it's without a doubt biology, not just an absence of self-discipline, that makes it so hard to lose weight. The searchings for additionally make it seem as if the body itself will certainly mess up any kind of initiative to keep weight off in the long-lasting.
Despite the organic probabilities, there are several individuals who prosper in losing weight and also maintaining it off. The catch is that some people appear to be successful with nearly every diet technique– it simply differs from person to person.
" You take a number of individuals as well as randomly designate them to follow a low-carb diet or a low-fat diet," Hall states. "You follow them for a number of years, as well as just what you have the tendency to see is that ordinary weight loss is virtually no various in between both teams overall. Within each team, there are individuals who are very effective, people who don't lose any weight and individuals that get weight.".
Comprehending just what it is about an offered diet that helps a provided individual stays the divine grail of weight-loss science. Professionals are obtaining closer.
For the past 23 years, Rena Wing, a teacher of psychiatry and human actions at Brown College, has actually run the National Weight Control Pc registry (NWCR) as a way to track individuals who effectively slim down as well as keep it off. "When we began it, the viewpoint was that practically nobody did well at dropping weight and also maintaining it off," claims James O. Hill, Wing's collaborator and also an excessive weight scientist at the University of Colorado. "We really did not think that held true, yet we didn't understand without a doubt due to the fact that we didn't have the data.".
To receive initial inclusion in the computer system registry, an individual must have shed a minimum of 30 lb. as well as preserved that weight management for a year or longer. Today the windows registry consists of greater than 10,000 people from throughout the 50 states with an average weight management of 66 pound. per person. Usually, people on the existing listing have kept off their weight for greater than five years.
The most enlightening detail regarding the windows registry: everyone on the checklist has lost significant amounts of weight– however in various ways. About 45% of them state they slimmed down following numerous diet regimens by themselves, as an example, as well as 55% say they utilized a structured weight-loss program. And also most of them had to try more than one diet before the weight loss stuck.
The researchers have recognized some resemblances among them: 98% of the people in the study state they changed their diet somehow, with a lot of reducing on just how much they ate in an offered day. An additional via line: 94% enhanced their exercise, and also the most popular form of exercise was walking.
" There's absolutely nothing magical concerning what they do," states Wing. "Some people highlight workout greater than others, some comply with low-carb diets, and also some comply with low-fat diet regimens. The one commonness is that they had to make adjustments in their day-to-day actions.".
When asked how they've had the ability to keep the weight off, the large bulk of individuals in the research study claim they eat breakfast each day, evaluate themselves at least when a week, enjoy less than 10 hrs of television each week and also workout regarding a hr a day, typically.
They learned that many effective dieters were self-described early morning individuals. The scientists likewise discovered that individuals with lasting weight loss often tended to be inspired by something other than a slimmer waistline– like a wellness scare or the need to live a longer life, to be able to spend even more time with liked ones.
The scientists at the NWCR state it's not likely that individuals they examine are in some way genetically gifted or honored with a personality that makes weight-loss simple for them. Most people in the study say they had fallen short numerous times prior to when they had actually tried to lose weight. Rather they were extremely motivated, and they kept attempting various things till they located something that benefited them.
" Shedding weight and also keeping it off is hard, as well as if any person tells you it's easy, run the various other means," claims Hillside. During his tenure there, the NWCR released one paper with partial funding from Coca-Cola, yet the scientists claim their research study, which Hill was entailed in, was not affected by the soda titan's financial assistance.).
Hillside, Wing and their associates concur that perhaps one of the most motivating lesson to be gleaned from their computer system registry is the most basic: in a group of 10,000 real-life most significant losers, no two individuals shed the weight in quite the same way.
The Bariatric Medical Institute in Ottawa is founded on that particular thinking. When people register in its weight-loss program, they all start on the very same six-month diet and also exercise strategy– yet they are motivated to deviate from the program, with the assistance of a doctor, whenever they want, in order to determine what works best for them. The program takes a whole-person approach to weight reduction, which suggests that behavior, psychology as well as spending plan– not simply biology– educate each person's strategy.
" We have a plan that entails obtaining enough calories as well as protein etc, but we are not married to it," claims Dr. Yoni Freedhoff, an excessive weight professional as well as the medical director of the facility. "We attempt to understand where people are struggling, and afterwards we change. Every person here is doing things a little differently.".
People attempt a few various plans before they obtain it. Jody Pants, 52, an IT job manager in Ottawa, had actually been obese given that she was a youngster. When she concerned the center in 2007, she was 5 ft. 4 in. tall and considered 240 lb. She had shed weight in her 20s doing Weight Watchers, she got it back after she lost a task and also the stress led her to overeat. Pants would wake up on a Monday as well as choose she was starting a diet, or never eating treat once again, just to scrap the plan a couple of days, if not hours, later. "Unless you have actually had a great deal of weight to lose, you don't recognize just what it's like," she says. "It's frustrating, as well as people consider you like it's your fault.".
A March 2017 research discovered that people that internalize weight preconception have a more challenging time maintaining weight loss. That's why most professionals say that pressing people toward health and wellness goals as opposed to a number on the range can yield much better results. "When you exclusively focus on weight, you could give up on modifications in your life that would certainly have favorable benefits," states the NIH's Hall.
It took Pants five years to lose 75 lb. while on a program at Freedhoff's institute, but by paying attention to portion sizes, writing down all her dishes as well as consuming even more regular, smaller sized meals throughout the day, she's kept the weight off for an additional five years. She attributes the slow, constant rate for her success. She's never ever been particularly encouraged to work out, she found it practical to track her food each day, as well as make certain she ate enough filling up protein as well as fiber– without having to count on dull diet staples like smoked chicken over eco-friendlies (hold the dressing). "I'm a foodie," Jeans says. "If you told me I needed to eat the exact same points each day, it would be torment.".
Natalie Casagrande, 31, was on the very same program that Jeans was on, yet Freedhoff and also his associates used a different strategy with her. Casagrande's weight had actually fluctuated throughout her life, and also she had actually tried unsafe diet plans like starving herself and working out regularly for quick fat burning. One time, she also went down from a dimension 14 to a dimension 0 in just a couple of months. When she enrolled in the program, Casagrande evaluated 173 lb. At 4 ft. 11 in., that meant she was clinically obese, which indicates having a body mass index of 30 or even more.
As soon as she began collaborating with the team at the Bariatric Medical Institute, Casagrande likewise tracked her food, however unlike Pants, she never enjoyed the process. Just what she did love was workout. She discovered her exercises simple to fit into her routine, as well as she located them inspiring. By meeting with the facility's psychologist, she additionally discovered that she had actually generalized anxiousness, which aided describe her spells of emotional eating.
It took Casagrande 3 attempts over 3 years prior to she ultimately shed significant weight. "It takes a whole lot of test and error to figure out what works," she claims. "Not every day is going to be best, however I'm right here due to the fact that I pushed with the bad days.".
Freedhoff claims learning what variables are crucial for each and every person– be they mental, logistical, food-based– matters much more to him compared to determining one diet that works for everyone. "As long as we continue to pigeonhole individuals right into particular diets without thinking about the people, the most likely we are to face issues," he states. That's why a substantial portion of his conferences with clients is invested talking about the person's daily responsibilities, their socioeconomic status, their mental health, their comfort in the kitchen.
" Regrettably," he states, "that's not the standard. The amount of initiative needed to comprehend your individuals is more than lots of physicians put in.".
In an August op-ed released in the journal the Lancet, Freedhoff and also Hall collectively called on the scientific area to spend more time figuring out exactly how physicians can assist individuals suffer healthy and balanced way of lives and much less on what diet is best for fat burning. "Crowning a diet king due to the fact that it provides a scientifically worthless distinction in body weight gases diet buzz, not diet help," they write. "It's due time we start assisting.".
Precisely why weight loss can differ a lot for individuals on the exact same diet strategy still thwarts researchers. "It's the biggest open concern in the area," claims the NIH's Hall. "I desire I recognized the solution.".
Some speculate it's individuals's genes. Over the past several years, scientists have actually determined nearly 100 hereditary pens that appear to be linked to being obese or being overweight, and also there's no question genes play an essential role in exactly how some people break down calories and also store fat. Experts approximate that obesity-related genes account for just 3% of the differences in between people's dimensions– and those same genetics that incline individuals to weight gain existed 30 years back, and also 100 years ago, suggesting that genetics alone can not explain the fast increase in weight problems.
Just what's more, a recent research study of 9,000 individuals found that whether a person brought a genetics variation associated with weight gain had no influence on his or her capability to reduce weight. "We assume this readies news," says research study author John Mathers, a professor of human nourishment at Newcastle University. "Lugging the risky form of the gene makes you most likely to be a bit much heavier, but it should not stop you from reducing weight.".
One more location that has actually some researchers excited is the inquiry of just how weight gain is connected to chemicals we are subjected to each day– points like the bisphenol A (BPA) found in cellular linings of canned-food containers and cash-register receipts, the fire resistants in couches and also cushions, the pesticide deposits on our food as well as the phthalates located in plastics and also cosmetics. What these chemicals share is their capacity to mimic human hormonal agents, and some scientists worry they could be damaging the delicate endocrine system, driving fat storage.
" The old paradigm was that inadequate diet and lack of exercise are underpinning excessive weight, and now we recognize that chemical direct exposures are an important third factor in the origin of the weight problems epidemic," says Dr. Leonardo Trasande, an associate teacher of pediatrics, environmental medication and also populace health and wellness at New york city College's School of Medicine. "Chemicals could interrupt hormones and also metabolism, which can add to disease and also impairment.".
Another frontier scientists are discovering is exactly how the microbiome– the trillions of germs that live inside and on the surface of the human body– might be influencing how the body metabolizes specific foods. Dr. Eran Elinav as well as Eran Segal, scientists for the Personalized Nutrition Job at the Weizmann Institute of Scientific research in Israel, think the variation in diet success might hinge on the means people's microbiomes respond to various foods.
In a 2015 study, Segal as well as Elinav provided 800 males and females tools that gauged their blood-sugar degrees every 5 minutes for a one-week duration. They completed surveys about their health, offered blood and also feces examples as well as had their microbiomes sequenced. They likewise made use of a mobile application to tape-record their food intake, rest and also exercise.
They located that blood-sugar degrees varied commonly among people after they ate, also when they ate the exact same meal. This suggests that umbrella suggestions for how to consume could be meaningless. "It was a major surprise to us," says Segal.
The researchers established a formula for each individual in the trial using the information they gathered as well as found that they might precisely forecast a person's blood-sugar reaction to a provided food on the basis of their microbiome. That's why Elinav and also Segal think the following frontier in weight-loss scientific research depends on the gut; they believe their algorithm can eventually help doctors recommend extremely certain diets for individuals according to how they react to various foods.
Unsurprisingly, there are enterprising businesses attempting to capitalize this suggestion. On the internet supplement firms already hawk individualized probiotic tablets, with reviews from clients declaring they dropped weight taking them.
Far, research to sustain the probiotic-pill approach to weight loss is little. Ditto the hereditary tests that assert to be able to tell you whether you're much better off on a low-carb diet or a vegan one.
In Conclusion, many people do not should shed fairly so much weight to enhance their wellness.|Many people do not require to shed rather so much weight to enhance their health and wellness.} Research study reveals that with just a 10% loss of weight, individuals will experience recognizable changes in their high blood pressure as well as blood sugar control, decreasing their danger for heart problem and also Kind 2 diabetes– 2 of the costliest diseases in terms of health care dollars and also human life.


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Anti-Bacterial Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli from Patients Attending Hawassa Referral Hospital, Ethiopia
Ephrem Abiy1* and Asefaw Berhe2
1Wag Himra Zone Health Department,Sekota, Ethiopia
2Department of Applied Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Hawassa University,Hawassa, Ethiopia
Ephrem Abiy
Wag Himra Zone Health Department
Sekota, Ethiopia
Received date: October 10, 2016; Accepted date: November 11, 2016; Published date: November 14, 2016
Citation: Abiy E, Berhe A. Anti-Bacterial Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli from Patients Attending Hawassa Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. J Infec Dis Treat. 2016, 2:2. doi:10.21767/2472-1093.100023
Introduction: Emergence of methicillin drug resistance is evident and global challenge. Seeking for alternative antibiotics which are new, natural, plant based, cost effective and in toxic is the up to date task for global health. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-bacterial effect of garlic against clinical and standard isolates of S. aureus and E. coli from patients attending Hawassa University. Methodology: The Antibacterial activity of the crude extract of garlic was investigated against Clinical and Standard isolates of S. aureus and E. coli by an Agar of both dilution and Cork borer techniques. The trial was done in triplicates. Results and conclusions: The results showed that standard S. aureus and E. coli were completely inhibited by 10 mg/ml and 15 mg/ml of agar media respectively and their clinical isolates were completely inhibited by 25 mg/ml, indicating that standard isolates are most sensitive and clinical isolates are least sensitive. Garlic could be used as effective antibacterial agent for these pathogenic microorganisms.
Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Garlic
E. coli: Escherichia coli; EPHI: Ethiopian Public Health Institute; EHNRI: Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute; Lab: Laboratory; MRSA: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSA: Mannitol Salt Agar; Staph: Staphylococcus.
The use of higher plants and preparations from them to treat infections is an age-old practice. Interests in plants with antimicrobial properties has come to use again because of emergence of resistance strains against antimicrobials such as penicillin [1].
Garlic (Nech- shinkurt in Amharic/Local name/) (Allium sativum L.) is under family Liliacea. It is an erect annual herb with superficial adventitious roots, bulbs composed of a disk like stem [2]. It has long tradition as medicinal plant, started with a direction of preparing a medicinal remedy written in a cuneiform character in about 3000 BC. Scientific investigations of various garlic preparations began in 1939 [3].
There are a number of studies carried out to assess the value of herbal remedies including garlic preparations for treat of illness [1,2,4].
Recent studies in Ethiopia indicated that garlic has been commonly used in Ethiopian traditional medicine for infectious diseases like tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections, wounds etc. Besides, its many other culinary applications [1,5].
The antibacterial effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and other Allium spps has been attributed to S. aureus and E. coli [2].
This study confirmed that the aqueous extract of Garlic had antibacterial effect against clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli.
Garlic as an antibiotic
Garlic is an anti -bacterial agent that can actually inhibits growth of infectious agents and at the same time protect the body from the pathogens. It is known that the most sensitive bacterium to garlic is the deadly Bacillus anthracis which causes the diseases anthrax.
Even the forefather of antibiotic medicine Louis Pasture acknowledged garlic to be an effective antibiotic. Some years later garlic was shown to have similar effect/activity as penicillin. Later studies should similar activity to modern antibiotic including Chloramphenicol. Even the blood of garlic eaters can kill bacteria and it is also reported that the vapor from freshly cut garlic can kill bacteria at a distance of 20 cm! The other, the common and apparently returning diseases tuberculosis was treated with garlic very successfully as invading Mycobacterium tuberculosis is sensitive to several of the sulphur components found in Garlic [6,7].
Allicin is the antibacterial component found in Garlic. A molecular mechanism may be the basis for some of garlic's therapeutic effects. The researchers were able to study how garlic works at molecular level using allicin, garlic's main biologically active component [7]. Allicin created when garlic cloves are crushed, protects the plant from soil parasites and fungi and is also responsible for garlic's pungent smell.
It is a natural weapon against infection that disables dysentery causing amoebiasis by blocking two groups of enzymes, cysteine proteinases and alcohol dehydrogenases. Cysteine proteinases enzymes are the main culprits in infection, providing infectious organisms with the means to damage and invade tissues. Alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes play a major role in these harmful organisms' survival and metabolism. Because of these groups of enzymes are found in a wide variety of infectious organisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. This research provides scientific bases for the notion that allicin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, capable of warding off different types of infections.
It is likely that bacteria would develop resistance to allicin because this would require modifying the very enzymes that make their activity possible scientists found that allicin blocks the enzymes by reacting with one of their important components known as self hydyl (SH) groups, or thiols this finding has important implication because of sulfhydryl groups are also crucial component of some enzymes that participate in the synthesis of cholesterol "Garlic lowers the level of harmful cholesterol'' [7-14].
Review on test organism
Staphylococcus aureus is very important pathogen that causes a variety of diseases including skin infections. Gastro intestinal disease (*staph*) food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome and nosocomial infections acquired during hospitalization.
Staphylococcus aureus is isolated on Mannitol salt agar which is a medium that is high in salt (75% NaCl) and contains Mannitol as a source of carbon and energy. S. aureus ferments the mannitol and causes the medium turn yellow.
Escherichia coli is a bacteria that exists naturally as part of normal gut of healthy humans and mammals. It causes enteric diseases. However, there are relatively few strains of this strains pf this organism, which are pathogenic to humans and are associated with food related illness [10].
Emergence of Methicillin Resistant Strains of S. aureus (MRSA)
There is a growing medical problem due to increasing frequency of infection caused by penicillin resistant Staphylococci. B-lactamase producing strains of S. aureus that are resistant to penicillin first appeared in clinical specimens in early 1950s. Soon thereafter, multiple antibiotic resistance was detected in chemical isolates of S. aureus; these strains was resistant to macrolide antibiotic, amino glycoside, and tetracycline.
Plasmids and transposons are clearly important in conferring and transferring antibiotic resistance between bacteria.
Although plasmids and transposons are certainly involved, the actual evolutionary mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have yet to be explained. One this consequence is the emergence of epidemics hospitals strains of S. aureus that is resistant to virtually all useful antibiotics, including methicillin and vancomycin. These strains are currently a significance cause of nosocomial (hospital acquired) infections in parts of the world [11].
Ethical clearance
Ethical clearance was obtained from Ethical board of Debub University and support letter were delivered to Ethiopian Public Health Institute and Hawassa Referral Hospital.
Garlic solution was obtained not from the whole part of the plant rather on the bulbs. The bulb of Garlic were peeled, weighted and then ligated using pestle while adding small amount of H2O. The extracts then allowed to freeze at -18°C (deep freezing) so as to concentrate the chemical (allicin). Then after freezing, the filtrate was put into lyophilizer till an amorphous powder weighted and then diluted with distilled water and used for the experiment [12].
Test organism
Two test organisms (S. aureus and E. coli) which were clinically isolated from patients were collected from Awasssa Referal Hospital.
Two standard pure cultures were collected from EHNRI (Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute). Both clinical and standard were sub cultured into subsequent Nutrient broth and definite Medias in which they favored i.e., Mannitol salt agar (MSA) for S. aureus and Mackonkey for E. coli were prepared on a slant and on petri dishes [10].
Inoculum
Cultured of the test organisms were maintained on nutrient both. Briefly, four to six colonies were picked with an inoculating loop and suspended in 5 ml of broth and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The turbidity of the broth culture was then equilibrated to match that of 0.5 Macfarlands standards. This provides organisms in the range of 1 × 106 to 5 × 108 cfu/mol which is pathogenic that used for the test [12].
Antibacterial activity test
The antibacterial activity test of the crude extract of Garlic against both standard and clinical isolates were carried out by the Agardiffusion method [13].
Agar diffusion method
The molten agar will mixed with a different concentrations of the test samples at molten state 45-50°C and mixed aseptically with different amounts of garlic extracts to a concentration of 0.25 ml, 0.5 ml, 0.75 ml and 1.5 ml which is equivalent to 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 15 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml of media. Then, the prepared media were let to solidify. A separate agar plate without sample or drugs was also prepared in order to provide an appropriate growth of organisms. (As the same time as control) Two standard drugs as a positive control were also tested against these microorganisms. These were chloramphenicol 0.30 mg and penicillin 0.30 mg. The negative control used in the cork borer as well as the solvent i.e., distilled water.
Antibacterial effect was determined by direct visual comparison of the growth of the test cultures. All the tests were carried out in triplicate and the results were reported as the averages of these replications.
Cork borker method
In this methods 0.2 ml of garlic extract was mixed with 20 ml of sterile nutrient agar using a mixer (vortex), and then poured into sterile Petri dishes. After congealing, the seeded agar was punched out with a sterile bore (back hole of 10 ml pipette diameter=9 mm) at equally spaced out positions to make four holes. Four of the holes were filled with 0.1 ml of the test sample solution while the fifth with standard antibiotics (chloramphenicol+distilled water) per hole. The plates were then left at room temperature for 2 hours (to favor diffusion over microbial growth) and incubated in an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours. As mentioned before each sample done in triplicate.
The antibacterial activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition using ruler (the media in both methods was prepared according to the instructions that the manufacturer orders (written in the flask that for how many gm of powder how money ml of distilled water is enough).
The results of the susceptibility of the test organisms against the garlic extracts which are stated below in Tables 1a and 1b. Table 2 showed that both clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli were sensitive to the concentration of 15 mg/ml (0.75 ml/20 ml of agar media) which is about 80% but about 10% of the organisms were not sensitive for lower concentrations i.e., for 0.25 ml in media.
Micro organisms
Concentration of Garlic/20 ml
Clinical S. aureus - + + +
E. coli - - + +
Standard S. aureus + + + +
E. coli + + + +
Table 1a: Result of Antibacterial activity of Garlic aqueous extract by agar diffusion method.
Antibiotic type
Size of Clear zone
Organisms presence or absence
S. aureus E.coli
Garlic 5mg/ml Small - -
10mg/ml Small + -
15mg/ml Medium + +
25mg/ml Large + +
Tetracycline 30mg/ml Very small - +
Chloramphenicol 10mg/ml Large + +
Penicillin 30mg/ml Medium - +
Table 1b: Result of antibacterial activity of Garlic extract compared with standard drugs against test organisms by Agar diffusion+indicates Inhibition-indicates growth.
In addition, larger clear zones were observed at higher concentrations against both microorganisms. Comparatively, Garlic extracts inhibited bacterial growths than Tetracycline and Penicillin.
The result showed the both clinical and standard isolates of S. aureus and E. coli were highly sensitive to concentrations of 0.75 ml/20 ml of agar media in using diffusion method and Cork borers. Moreover, unlike clinical isolates of S. aureus, clinical isolate of E. coli was a bit resistant/not sensitive/ at concentration of 0.5 ml/28 ml of media. This could be in regard with the nature permeability of E. coli, which means 20% of membrane of E. coli is made of lipid while that of S. aureus is only made of 2% lipid [2]. Therefore, the garlic extract was more important for the prevention of resistant S. aureus which is currently becoming a challenge developing resistance to many commercially available drugs like penicillin.
In this study we have observed that, as the concentration of the garlic extract increases we have seen efficiency increased and hence inhibition and growth of test bacteria has been diminished. As observed from the above tables, Larger clear zones at higher concentrations and lower clear zones at lower concentrations. This implies that, Garlic has both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect.
Based on the results of this study which showed garlic to make large clear zones than currently available antibiotics used in the study Garlic could be used as an effective antibacterial agent in Ethiopia where S. aureus is known to be resistant.
It could be made as a tablet in the best concentrations and affordable dosages so that it can be used as medicine to these two pathogenic gastro intestinal enteric. In the era of those drug resistant bacteria, we need to focus on alternative drugs that have long history to avoid such emerging diseases and that could be easily available and affordable.
One can use garlic as a member of the daily diet for better health especially the fresh garlic. This research can be used as a base to well identify the actual allicin minimum inhibition concentration.
Consent to Publish
The authors declare that they have no any competing interests.
Author's Contribution
EA and AB designed the study methodologies and EA carried out the investigation and AB edited the manuscript. All authors approved the manuscript.
Materials used for the study were stored in Hawassa University, Department of Biology Laboratory. But the files are fully presented in this manuscript.
First of all, I would like to thank my God who gave me the strength and patience to do the research. Then, I would like to appreciate the staff member of Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute/EHNRI/ especially the Drug Research Laboratory Heads Dr. Asfaw Debela, Dr. Dawit Dikasso and W/O Hirut Lemma for their valuable inputs to carry out the research at EHNRI. Next, I would like to thank my advisor Ato Asefaw Berhe who facilitated ways to work on this project and shared me important ideas for the research. Last but not least, I like to thank staff members of Hawassa Referral hospital Lab department and Laboratory Department of EHNRI for their assistance while I was preparing cultures and collection of standard and clinical isolates of my study microorganisms.
Dikasso D (1999) Antiviral Effect of Garlic. Berhanena Selam Printing Press: Addis Ababa.
Abebe D (2003) Medicinal plants. Berhanena Selam Press: Addis Ababa 17:1108-1112.
Weiss RF (1988) Herbal Medicine. Hippocrates, VerlagStuttgart.
WHO (1990) Medicinal Plants in Vietnam. WHO Regional Publications, Western Series, Manila.
Abebe D, Ayehu A (1993) Medicinal plants and health practice in Ethiopia. Berhanena Selam Printing Press: Addis Ababa,pp: 219-221.
Dikasso D, Tito TM(1999)Medicinal preparation and use of Garlic by traditional healers in southern Nations Nationalities and People's State.Ethiop J Health Dev 13: 93-99.
University of Mary Land Medical Center, Garlic Overview.
Kathi JK (1999) The Longwood Herbal Task Force - Ginger (Zingiber officinale). pp: 1-18.
Rajani DS, Desai PB, Rajani DP (2015) Anti-mycobacterial activity of garlic (Allium sativum) against multi-drug resistant and reference strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Int JAppl Res 1: 767-770.
Atlas RM (1997) Principles of Microbiology.McGraw Hill, New York, USA.
Harold SB (2002) Laboratory Manual in General Micrbiology. McGrawHill, New York, USA.
Glenn Z, Joy H, Agapi S (1996) Garlic: An economic assessment of the feasibility of providing multiple-peril crop insurance. USA.
Debella A (2004) Procedures in preparation of Medicine from plants. Aartistic Printing Press, Addis Ababa.
Leven M, Vanden BD, Mertens F, Vlietinck A, Lammens E (1979) Screening of higher plants for biological activities. I. Antimicrobial activity. Planta medica 36: 311.

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text:
/**
 * Simple class that will be multibound in a unit test.
 *
 * @author Anton Johansson
 */

var MultiBoundService2 = function()
{
};

/** Gets the value. */
MultiBoundService2.prototype.value = function()
{
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// Expose the class
module.exports = MultiBoundService2;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Four weeks of March report.
In March we had 8 meetings. Four at Tomacelli's Pizza, and four in the Conference Room at the Main Public Library. At these meetings we discussed many science subjects and the Anti-Domestic Abuse Initiative billboard campaign which launched March 2th. The physics concept of Deep Time has also become a standard topic and we have been adding events to our Deep Time Table before every meeting. Lots of food for thought for open minds and excellent contributions by all involved.
At the meetings in the Conference Room at the Main Public Library we showed 6 Domestic Abuse and Domestic Violence films. These are all educational films, many with instructor's guides. This month we showed: Why Domestic Violence Victims Don't Leave, What Would You Do?, Breaking the Cycle of Abuse, Portrait of Abuse - An American Epidemic, Codependency, Emotional Violence, and Domestic Abuse, and Domestic Violence: Which Way Out? We discussed the films and also any other subjects people attending wanted to discuss which usually included the latest science news.
This initiative was a major event for the Sioux Falls Free Thinkers/Sioux Falls Feminists, and for Sioux Falls residents, with 34 billboard panels on 19 billboards starting March 2nd for 8 weeks. You can see the new billboard designs at Anti-Domestic Abuse Billboards and the Flyer at Anti-Domestic Abuse Flyer . You can download the flyer and print it out for distribution to whoever who think would be interested or could use the information on it. You can also get a Lighted Car Top Sign, either large or small, and really get the message out.
doubled the traffic to the Sioux Falls Feminists website!
We now have 95 members and about the same number of non-members on our mailing list.
The websites are still being updated almost daily with news articles. Currently there 624 website pages with 1,435 news articles, 206 movie and course descriptions, and 144 book descriptions.
So far we've had 10,720 unique visitors to the Sioux Falls Free Thinkers website and over 129,000 pages across all websites have been viewed. See the Free Thinkers Website Performance chart at Unique Visitor Chart . It will always be the latest chart. Our unique visitor growth indicates a continued interest in all Sioux Falls Free Thinkers websites; Free Thinkers, Atheists, Scientists, Zoologists, and Feminists.
We're also maintaining a Member Websites News Links page. This page has links to all the latest news, statistics and major information pages on all our websites. Putting this one page link in your Internet favorites will give you quick access to all the latest news about Sioux Falls Free Thinkers, Atheism, Humanism, Evolution Science, Global Warming, Climate Change, Animal Intelligence, Feminism, Women's Rights, Women's Equality, the continued Abuse of Women, and where women can get help to stop domestic abuse and domestic violence. All the links are there on one page. The page makes keeping up to date with the Free Thinkers community pretty easy.
Also as a convenience for website visitors we have added a Latest News All Websites page (news from the last 7 days) and a Latest Pages All Websites page. Just making it all the easily to keep up to date on the latest news and other new information on the websites.


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Joe Connor Little shares the blissful and laid-back acoustic swoon 'Always'
Posted by Alexa Wilde on December 02, 2019
Following on from a string of releases so far this year, which include the breezy 'Spend The Night' and sombre 'Ordinary', singer and songwriter Joe Connor Little now returns with another light and uplifting single in the form of 'Always'.
Released alongside the equally captivating tracks 'Moving Away' and 'Closing Time', 'Always' uses little more than a softly lilting guitar and his own sweetly sweeping vocals to deliver a truly warming spectacle. Taking influence from acts like Ben Howard and Benjamin Francis Leftwich, this new offering looks to shine an even greater light on the emerging frontman, giving a wonderfully remarkable presence.
Have a listen to 'Always' below.
Far West returns with new single, "It Feels Now"
On Friday Far West returned with his expansive new single, "It Feels Now", marking the first track of (hopefully) many for 2022. After a tremendous past 12 months, which saw the Santa Cruz singer-songwriter a quartet of singles, which ultimately got him well over 100k streams on Spotify alone, and it's not hard to see why. " ... expansive 80's tinted pop" His new single continues along with the trend of big sounds that sound like they've been cherry-picked from the 1980s with his hush and soft vocal tones once again being the main attraction. Combine that with the thick basslines which remind us of New Order and a smattering of sexy saxophones and what you end up with is one heck of a single. Having been discovered on over 50 playlists on Spotify alone, it showcases that Far West is a rising star in the indie-pop genre. So instead of waiting for the next indie-pop gem to come to you, why don't you discover the expansive 80's tinted pop from Far
Ella Bee releases expansive new single, "Underwater"
London based singer-songwriter Ella Bee has just recently released her expansive new single, "Underwater". The song was written in one of the many UK lockdowns with Ella mentioning - "It explores how sometimes goals seem impossible to reach" going on to say "It's about letting go of things you believe are important to make space for better things to come." Photo - Maya Hart Ella has had a steady rise since she started releasing music in 2020 but this new cut blows them all out of the water - for me anyway. There's a brilliant build-up with more layers getting added to the song right before it explodes into a chorus, with her vocals soaring through the sky, reminding us of a young Amy Lee. "Underwater" is one of those hidden gems that you'll appreciate a lot more after a couple of plays, mainly down to the sheer majesty of it all you need two plays to listen to all of the various elements. Be sure to follow her on Spotify to never mis


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Your loved one has died or sustained a serious injury or a life-long disability because of a failure of medical staff to establish a proper diagnosis, administer proper medicine or act in a timely manner? Or maybe a medical professional has failed to consider how multiple drugs interacted in a patient and, as a result, the patient's recovery and maybe even their life have been severely jeopardized?
In law, the aforementioned instances can be the basis of a medical malpractice case. The law defines medical malpractice or medical negligence as a deviation from or a breach of the generally accepted standard of care in patient treatment. In other words, the standard of care is specified as an action that prudent medical staff would or would not have done in the patient's care under the same or similar circumstances. This is one of the conditions that need to exist if you are contemplating suing for medical malpractice or medical negligence, namely the medical malpractice plaintiff needs to prove that the relevant standard of care has been breached.
The typical medical malpractice cases might include but not limited to:
Childbirth injuries (failure to diagnose dangerous medical conditions of the mother, birth defects, ectopic pregnancy, diseases that might result in the death or severe injury of the fetus like genital herpes, to adequately and timely respond to fetal distress, inadequate use of forceps or vacuum etc.)
Prescribing incorrect dosage
Administration of incorrect dosages
Medical equipment malfunctioning
Failure to properly investigate the patient's previous medical history
Administering too much or too little anesthesia
Surgery and post-surgery errors (operating on the wrong body part, leaving surgical instruments in the body, damaging internal organs during surgery, failure to provide proper post-op care)
Unnecessary amputations
Wrong heart valve bypassed
Misdiagnosis or failure to diagnose life threatening conditions and diseases
Medical complications from receiving a transfusion of an incompatible blood type
Fertility clinic confusing sperm samples
Removal of a perfectly functioning internal organ
Plastic surgery gone wrong
The Journal of the American Medical Association has stated that medical malpractice / medical negligence is the third leading cause of death in the United States, immediately after heart attack and cancer. For instance, in 2013, more than $3 billion was paid out in medical malpractice cases. According to the statistical data from the U.S. Bureau of Justice, the average payout in the medical malpractice cases was $400,000 and that New York is one of the three states with the highest malpractice payouts (In 2011, New York had the highest payout of any state at $677 million). Also, almost 90% of such cases are settled out of court. Furthermore, over 50% of all doctors practicing in the US will be sued for medical malpractice before they turn 50 years old.
SUING FOR MEDICAL MALPRACTICE IN NEW YORK / LEGAL REPRESENTATION IN NEW YORK
What is the first step in suing for medical malpractice? Definitely contacting an experienced medical malpractice lawyer who is going to review all the particulars about the case in detail, secure applicable medical documents and records, conduct interviews with the patient or family members and determine if the case should be pursued.
Medical malpractice cases can be incredibly complex and detailed. The statutes of limitation (law that restricts the time within which legal proceedings may be brought or, in simpler terms, the deadline by which a lawsuit should be made) vary from state to state, as do the procedural conditions that have to be met in order for the medical malpractice lawsuit to be made. According to the New York City Bar, the statute of limitation for medical malpractice cases in the state of New York is "two and a half years from date of malpractice or from end of continuous treatment rendered by the party or entity you intend to sue for a particular condition, illness or injury". It is always advisable to seek legal advice from a lawyer licensed in the state where the malpractice case happened.
Don't be one of those patients who will not pursue a valid medical malpractice case because you fear that you suing would result in an increase in the cost of your medical care or because you think that the financial costs associated with litigation are high, or you think that if other medical professionals learn about your lawsuit, they will refuse to treat you. A seasoned medical malpractice lawyer can handle any challenge, no matter how complicated or complex it may be to get you the justice and the payout you deserve.
We, at Gurfein Douglas, pride ourselves in being just that. Apart from law degrees, our firm's principals Richard Gurfein and Preston Douglas also have degrees in engineering and biochemistry which gives them an edge over other medical malpractice attorneys in New York. Preston Douglas is an expert in medical malpractice and serious injury cases and, in the last 27 years, he has cross examined over 2,000 doctors in the course of trials and depositions.
At Gurfein Douglas you can rely on the scientific training of our two partners to uncover the often hidden technical details of your medical malpractice lawsuit that the untrained eye might miss. Our attorneys are not afraid of a challenge. On the contrary, they relish on it. No matter how complicated the case or how formidable the defendant may be, Gurfein Douglas will do everything in their power to get you or your loved one the justice and the compensation you deserve.
Our experienced team of medical malpractice attorneys will carefully review all medical records to find out whether the patient's death or a serious injury was a result of a human error, defective medical or lab equipment, inaccurate test results or other errors in the medical system.
$450,000 settlement after trial and a finding of punitive damages for a 40 year old professional dancer and choreographer when the orthopedist operated on the wrong knee.
$2,750,000 settlement for a 15 year old girl diagnosed with Hodgkin's Disease who lost her ovaries as a result of the negligence of the team administering radiation therapy.
$5,750,000 verdict on behalf of a 20 year old woman who was discharged from the hospital after giving birth to her second son, even though she had a very aggressive infection in her uterus and abdomen.
$7,400,000.00 settlement on behalf of a 60 year old woman who became paralyzed in
both legs and one arm after her doctors failed to diagnose an infection in her spine.
$1,200,000 settlement on behalf of a 4 year child with Erb's Palsy.
$5,500,000 settlement structured for a 6 year old who sustained brain damage during her birth causing cerebral palsy, mental retardation and spastic quadriplegia.
$3,990,000 settlement for a 3 year boy because the doctors and nurses gave too much IV fluid and caused the child to have seizures and hemorrhages in the brain.


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Notre Dame News
ND in the News
Deb Rotman appointed director of ND's Center for Undergraduate Scholarly Engagement
Author: Michael O. Garvey
Deb Rotman, director of undergraduate studies for Notre Dame's Department of Anthropology, has been appointed director of the Center for Undergraduate Scholarly Engagement (CUSE).
Rotman joined the Notre Dame faculty in 2006. In addition to her administrative responsibilities in the anthropology department, she has taught courses on the experience of 19th century Irish immigrants in America, working with her students on archival research, oral history and archeological excavations in South Bend and Beaver Island, Mich., and during week-long summer study visits to Ireland.
CUSE provides undergraduate students in all the University's colleges opportunities for research, scholarship, and creative projects. The center also assists them in finding faculty mentors, funding and venues for the publication or presentation of their work, and promotes applications to national Fellowship programs and prepares them in their application process.
More information on CUSE is available online at http://cuse.nd.edu/
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TEHRAN, June 9, YJC - Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei has penned a letter condoling with the survivors of the recent terror attacks, saying that such crimes cannot work to harm the Iranian nation's determination.
TEHRAN, Young Journalists Club (YJC) - At least 17 people were killed and more than 50 injured in Tehran on Wednesday, when gunmen attacked Iran's Parliament (Majlis) and the Mausoleum of the late Founder of the Islamic Republic Imam Khomeini.
Such acts of terror will merely result in more hatred towards the US government and its agents in the region, such as Saudi Arabia, the letter added.
The attacks are "a clear sign of the vengeance and spiteful enmity of the [global] arrogance's mercenaries towards the honorable people of Iran as well as anything which has to do with the [1979 Islamic] Revolution, Islamic establishment, and late Supreme Leader [Imam Khomeini]," the letter added.
Such crimes signal "the evil nature, and at the same time, the lowliness of their overseers, and also those ordering and perpetrating them," the Leader noted.
In similar comments following the Tehran attacks, the Leader said Wednesday that such assaults will fail to undermine the Iranian nation's resolve in the face of threats.
Ayatollah Khamenei said had Iran not stood against the hotspot of terrorism in the region, the country would have faced more severe problems.