text:
Jung / Young Zitate auf Englisch
Zitat des Tages über Jung / Young:
I was so in love with books from as early as I remember that it seemed a natural step to want to create them. And so I just wanted to be a writer from a very young age. And I think that the lies were just a natural side effect of me wanting to tell stories and write them down. Marie Rutkoski
My mother always said to carry yourself with dignity and pride, and I just think Audrey Hepburn totally epitomizes that, you know? From such a young age, she was dancing ballet. There was a lot going on in her life... that was during the time of the Nazis.
The first time I lived in L.A. I was too young. I really wanted to be back home in Vancouver.
My dad made a film called 'Willow' when he was a young filmmaker, which screened at the Cannes film festival, and people were booing afterwards.
It is only after years of preparation that the young artist should touch color - not color used descriptively, that is, but as a means of personal expression.
Young designers don't grow on trees.
Isabella Blow
Yeah, I try to be the best example I can be for young girls just as far as my person goes - just to uphold a good image.
We have a whole bunch of young people and a whole bunch of families. Are we going to disrupt these families and tear them apart? Or are we going think, like, listen - these people are here. We've got to deal with this reality. We've got to extend the franchise.
As many know, and especially those who may have young sons or daughters at colleges or universities, the last thing you want to hear is a call that perhaps one of your children was injured or, even worse, lost their life in a tragic fire at a dorm or campus housing.
Vito Fossella
When you're young, all the accidents, all the pain you take them, but at least you're very strong. In fact through time, it's just adding more and more pain, more and more loss and it makes you more fragile.
I do think the public want to see politicians acting in a different way. What's brought young people into our campaign is that they were written off by political parties but they had never written off politics, and what we have is a huge number of young people, very enthusiastic and brimming with ideas. Those ideas have got to be heard.
It wasn't the traditional cooking most people do. For me, as a young chef, Thanksgiving meant going to work in the kitchen at places like Gotham, JoJo and Jean-Georges.
Wylie Dufresne
I have two young girls, 8 and 10. They really keep me young.
Dino De Laurentiis
Young men make great mistakes in life; for one thing, they idealize love too much.
I figured out it was a social thing, what women were allowed to do. At a very young age, I decided I was not going to follow women's rules.
I'm going to let people know that it's cool to have a child and be young and still be a good mom. It's really tough, but I'm doing it.
The true end users of Facebook are the marketers who want to reach and influence us. They are Facebook's paying customers; we are the product. And we are its workers. The countless hours that we - and the young, particularly - spend on our profiles are the unpaid labor on which Facebook justifies its stock valuation.
As a person who wants to see and believe in the story, I don't think women at age 50 are able to sing young girls.
Kristine Opolais
I've been hearing this since I first joined the Reds organization, that I'm going to be the next this or that. It's tough on a young player coming up. You show some positive things and everybody jumps on that and says you should be the next Willie Mays.
People are afraid to ask musicians to be involved in projects because they anticipate being turned down. Young artists hesitate before contacting me. People in my position don't get approached often enough.
I was there less than a year before I was assigned to the Paris bureau. I spent two years there and, in fact, before I even went on the staff I was sent to Europe to do assignments which they wouldn't normally do for a young photographer just starting out.
Almost every time I am in a lectureship on a college campus, young people will say, If there is a God and if he is a loving and merciful God, how do you explain the problems of suffering and death and all the tragedies that happen to people?
When I was young, I was told that I had a sulky, pouty face.
As a child or young adult going through an illness, it can be stressful at times and boring and extremely alienating.
Vanessa Bayer
It is with pain that I read of the dire effects of my book upon the minds of young girls.
Perhaps it sounds ridiculous, but the best thing that young filmmakers should do is to get hold of a camera and some film and make a movie of any kind at all.
Young people are not immune to following God's commands concerning discipline.
Monica Johnson
It's true that eviction affects the young and the old, the sick and the able-bodied. It affects white folks and black folks and Hispanic folks and immigrants. If you spend time in housing court, you see a really diverse array of folks there.
Matthew Desmond
He painted me when I was young because he was in love with me, but now that he has loved me he doesn't paint me anymore.
I was incredibly inspired by Oprah Winfrey as a young woman.
There was one occasion when I was very young - eight years or seven years old - that Jewish businessmen went through the forest, and they were assassinated. And that was for the first time I saw in our paper where there were assassinations in our place.
A young sailor boy came to see me today. It pleases me to have these lads seek me on their return from their first voyage, and tell me how much they have learned about navigation.
Young women from a very young age are taught that life will be easier if you can just turn on the charming smile and say very little and be complacent and docile and sweet.
At this point I was strongly advised that I was too young socially to go to college so I took a second senior year at Andover, another boarding school.
William Standish Knowles
When you have lost people like I lost my birth mom at a young age and you remember the whole process of losing her, you want to grab on to something that makes you whole.
The celebrity's desire to shape the next generation of young minds by opening a school is by no means unique to Diddy.
Laura Moser
Every day I've got to get up and make a decision. I have an opportunity every day to affect young men and the coaches that are around me, the entire organization and the entire community.
Copyright © englischezitate.de 2020 - Impressum - Datenschutzerklärung


I've built a modelwith the version 13.0. Then I saved it with the version 13.2 and finally I noticed some dysfunctions with this version and I'd like to come back to the old version.
There is anyway to do it by my self or should I contact GTAC ?
When you load a model from an old version, Plant Simulation tells you that if you save it with the new version, you can no longer open it with the old version. It even tells you this once again, when you actually save it.
The more interesting question is: what are the "dysfunctions"? Normally an old model should work perfectly in a new version.
I'd like to thank you for your comment ! I finally fixed the problem, it was an issue related to my graphic card. Kind of crazy !


text:
Q: JARS not found by MANIFEST.FM I'm currently developing an eclipse plug-in, so I just started using JDE.
I referrenced all the JARs needed in my project, yet I keep having errors in my MANIFEST.MF :
Manifest-Version: 1.0
Bundle-ManifestVersion: 2
Bundle-Name: Module-builder
Bundle-SymbolicName: module-builder;singleton:=true
Bundle-Version: 1.0.0.qualifier
Bundle-Activator: module_builder.Activator
Require-Bundle: org.eclipse.ui,
 org.eclipse.core.runtime
Bundle-RequiredExecutionEnvironment: JavaSE-1.7
Bundle-ActivationPolicy: lazy

the errors being
org.eclipse.ui cannot be resolved
org.eclipse.core.runtime cannot be resolved

Where could those errors be coming from ?
EDIT :
As asked, the .project content :
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<projectDescription>
        <name>module-builder</name>
        <comment></comment>
        <projects>
        </projects>
        <buildSpec>
                <buildCommand>
                        <name>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder</name>
                        <arguments>
                        </arguments>
                </buildCommand>
                <buildCommand>
                        <name>org.eclipse.pde.ManifestBuilder</name>
                        <arguments>
                        </arguments>
                </buildCommand>
                <buildCommand>
                        <name>org.eclipse.pde.SchemaBuilder</name>
                        <arguments>
                        </arguments>
                </buildCommand>
        </buildSpec>
        <natures>
                <nature>org.eclipse.pde.PluginNature</nature>
                <nature>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature</nature>
        </natures>
</projectDescription>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


He wanted to give the impression that arcs of wood were floating against the walls of the stage. So he bought 4×8 sheets of 1/4″ underlayment (about $10 each) and ripped them into 8″ strips. Then they cut them to length. They used five colors of stain to stain the fronts of each underlayment and get some texture in the design. Then they added those onto a frame made from 1x4x8 firing strips cut to length with a 1/2″ deep x 1/2″ wide Dado cut on each end.
They painted the back wall black to let it disappear.
They screwed the back boards to the walls and nailed arcs into the dado cuts (2 small nails each end). There was a center line through the form of Jeff's design. All back boards were either centered or shifted 6″ or 12″ up or down. Across the stage the form was symmetrical left to right, but the colors were not.
Now that is a cool design! Nice work.
Amazing work! I love the dynamics of this set. This is a set that would even look good without formal lighting. Great job.
I know you can do a lot with lighting already, but have you played with any of the water based color stains? They offer a wide range of color.
I would love to know the 5 colors of stain you used. Thanks!
Great job on this one guys! It really is one of the best this whole year. Great look. Simple enough to do. Not too expensive.
That is an awesome design. Thank you so much for the very detailed construction information. That is most helpful.
Great Job! Love the plan drawings. Makes it so easy to understand how to implament.
Hey Jeff, great job on the design looking to use this for our easter set! How did you do your lighting?
To get full coverage on the Arcs, we lit them from above and up-lit fromt the floor.
Hey Jeff, what fixtures did you use to light up the arcs? Led Parcans or Led bars.
Hi Jeff… Love the design! Do you have a SketchUp of the completed panels?
Hey im apart of Abundant Living Family Church and we are attempting to build a floating arc similiar to yours for our Cross Culture services on Sundays.. I was wondering what kind of wood you guys used? If possible, could you send me an email with more information about the process you guys used to build your arcs.
The material is Luan, purchased from Home Depot, cut into 8 inch strips.
Please email me with specific questions, most of the construction was outlined in the post above.


text:
Saharanpur a sample of BJP caste politics as Thakurs emboldened by UP CM from community take on Dalits
The spiral of violence started from Shabbirpur village, home to around 600 Dalits and over 900 Thakurs.
Published: 23rd May 2017 11:18 AM | Last Updated: 23rd May 2017 11:18 AM | A+A A-
A damaged car after a clash in Saharanpur. (File photo | PTI)
SAHARANPUR: Saharanpur caste clashes, which are being seen as the Yogi Adityanath government's first major law and order challenge, had political undercurrents, claim leaders of the Dalit and Thakur communities that were locked in a bloody conflict which also sucked Muslims into it.
Dalit victims of the clashes say upper caste Thakurs prevented them from installing a statue of BR Ambedkar on the premises of the Ravidas temple in the village.
Later, on May 5, a Dalit group objected to a procession of Thakurs to mark the birth anniversary of Rajput king Maharana Pratap, triggering violence, in which one person was killed and over 15 were injured.
Jatav Dalits in the village say Thakurs bottled their feelings up till "Behenji (Mayawati) was in power, but things have changed now".
"With Yogi Adityanath, a Thakur, at the helm of the government, members of his community are asserting their authority.
"During the BSP rule, they used to say 'do not even touch Dalits. They are high-voltage power lines'. Now, they have unleashed carnage. This government is barely two months old, five years is a long time," says 62-year-old Dal Singh, who is nursing his injuries at the district hospital in Saharanpur.
Shyam Singh (55), whose house was torched in the clashes, alleges, "The BJP is trying to consolidate its Thakur vote bank through violence as the local bodies polls are close."
"The BJP tried to pit Dalits against Muslims in Sadak Dudhli village, where clashes had erupted in April during a rally organised to mark Ambedkar Jayanti. They are eyeing Dalit votes," alleges Swapnil Bhaskar, another victim of the clashes.
Rajya Sabha MP and former chairman of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes, P L Punia, who recently visited Saharanpur to meet those injured in the clashes, says, "There is an Ambedkar statue at the residence of the village head. But the other group made a big deal about installing a bust on the temple's premises."
"Kshatriyas inflicted atrocities on Dalits and the administration was complicit in the deed. BJP leaders enacted a drama of leading an Ambedkar rally in Sadak Dudhli. The party is openly supporting Thakurs," Punia claims.
BJP activists, led by local MP Raghav Lakhanpal Sharma, had on April 20 taken out a march in Sadak Dudhli without the administration's approval to mark Ambedkar Jayanti, which Dalits celebrated on April 14. Its participants clashed with the Muslim residents.
Jignesh Mewani, the face of last year's Dalit agitation in Gujarat, says, "Fascist forces have broken loose ever since Yogi Adityanath became the Uttar Pradesh chief minister. They feel encouraged. Earlier, there were no rallies on the birth anniversary of Maharana Pratap. This time, they broke with tradition."
"Dalits in the village alerted the police when the situation took a turn for the worse. According to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, the administration is required to take preemptive measures in such a case, but it did absolutely nothing. It shows someone else was pulling the strings,"
Mewani, who is a lawyer, alleges.
"A pregnant woman was attacked with a sword and an attempt was made to immolate a child. What happened to the policy of 'sabka sath sabka vikas'?" he asks.
He says the Bheem Army -- a Dalit group which, the police say, was behind the May 9 violence in the district -- is committed to holding peaceful protests.
The police's highhandedness against a group of Dalits who gathered in Gandhi Park for a 'mahapanchayat' to demand compensation for those affected by the May 5 clashes was responsible for their outburst, he says.
Mewani alleges that Sher Singh Rana, who was in 2014 convicted by a Delhi court for murdering dacoit-turnedpolitician Phoolan Devi, a Dalit, "was invited to garland a statue of Maharana Pratap on his birth anniversary. It is clear that they want to instill fear among Dalits."
Sher Singh, who is out on bail, claims non-allegiance to any political party. He says he was invited as the chief guest at a function in Simlana village, 4 km from Shabbirpur, when he came to know that a Thakur youth had been killed in clashes with the Jatavs.
"Shabbirpur village head Shiv Kumar, a Dalit, led a group which blocked the procession of Thakurs, triggering heated arguments. The police were informed, but it was too late," he says.
"A few political parties are engineering riots to split the vote bank of the BJP, which trounced them in the Uttar Pradesh Assembly polls. When the rival parties saw that Dalits had also started believing in the BJP, they pit them against Thakurs," he alleges.
The BJP's Raghav Lakhanpal Sharma represents Saharanpur in the Lok Sabha, while the Samajwadi Party's Sanjay Garg is the local MLA.
Garg defeated the BJP's Rajiv Gumber by over 4,000 votes in the February-March assembly elections.
The BSP, which had won four of the seven assembly seats in Saharanpur in 2012, drew a blank this time.
Kartikey Rana, son of former UP minister Rajinder Singh Rana, says the BSP is trying hard to save its vote bank, "the violence is the result of this desperation".
He warned of protests by Thakurs across the city if the police failed to arrest Bheem Army founder Chandrashekar Azad and the Shabbirpur village head, who police sources said have gone into hiding. Azad, however, emerged at the Jantar Mantar yesterday to lead a protest against alleged atrocities on Dalits in Uttar Pradesh.
Manoj Rana, a 26-year-old Thakur who had a close shave on May 9 when the Bheem Army allegedly went on the rampage in several areas in the city, says, "The Dalit group is said to be two-year-old, but we never heard of it. It sprang into action only after the assembly elections. Opposition parties, especially the BSP, suffered a severe drubbing in the polls.
Fearing for their future, they are orchestrating riots."
Both sides, however, allege police inaction.
Senior Superintendent of Police, Saharanpur, Subhash Chandra Dubey says the situation is under control. "28 people have been arrested in connection with incidents of stonepelting and arson, and those at large will be soon nabbed."
SP (City) Prabal Pratap says the police have been on their toes and have launched a crackdown on those trying to foment tension by circulating inflammatory messages on social media.
Saharanpur caste clashes Dalit Thakur UP CM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home › Bestsellers › Othello ( Folger Shakespeare Library )
Othello ( Folger Shakespeare Library )
Mass Market Paperback – January 1, 2004
by William Shakespeare (Author), Barbara A. Mowat (Editor), Paul Werstine (Editor)
In Othello, Shakespeare creates powerful drama from a marriage between the exotic Moor Othello and the Venetian lady Desdemona that begins with elopement and mutual devotion and ends with jealous rage and death. Shakespeare builds many differences into his hero and heroine, including race, age, and cultural background. Yet most readers and audiences believe the couple's strong love would overcome these differences were it not for Iago, who sets out to destroy Othello. Iago's false insinuations about Desdemona's infidelity draw Othello into his schemes, and Desdemona is subjected to Othello's horrifying verbal and physical assaults.
The authoritative edition of Othello from The Folger Shakespeare Library, the trusted and widely used Shakespeare series for students and general readers, includes:
-Freshly edited text based on the best early printed version of the play
-Full explanatory notes conveniently placed on pages facing the text of the play
-Scene-by-scene plot summaries
-A key to the play's famous lines and phrases
-An introduction to reading Shakespeare's language
-An essay by a leading Shakespeare scholar providing a modern perspective on the play
-Fresh images from the Folger Shakespeare Library's vast holdings of rare books
-An annotated guide to further reading
Essay by Susan Snyder
The Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, DC, is home to the world's largest collection of Shakespeare's printed works, and a magnet for Shakespeare scholars from around the globe. In addition to exhibitions open to the public throughout the year, the Folger offers a full calendar of performances and programs. For more information, visit Folger.edu.
William Shakespeare was born in April 1564 in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon, on England's Avon River. When he was eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway. The couple had three children—an older daughter Susanna and twins, Judith and Hamnet. Hamnet, Shakespeare's only son, died in childhood. The bulk of Shakespeare's working life was spent in the theater world of London, where he established himself professionally by the early 1590s. He enjoyed success not only as a playwright and poet, but also as an actor and shareholder in an acting company. Although some think that sometime between 1610 and 1613 Shakespeare retired from the theater and returned home to Stratford, where he died in 1616, others believe that he may have continued to work in London until close to his death.
Barbara A. Mowat is Director of Research emerita at the Folger Shakespeare Library, Consulting Editor of Shakespeare Quarterly, and author of The Dramaturgy of Shakespeare's Romances and of essays on Shakespeare's plays and their editing.
Paul Werstine is Professor of English at the Graduate School and at King's University College at Western University. He is a general editor of the New Variorum Shakespeare and author of Early Modern Playhouse Manuscripts and the Editing of Shakespeare and of many papers and articles on the printing and editing of Shakespeare's plays.
Mass Market Paperback: 314 pages
Publisher: Simon & Schuster; 1st edition (July 1993)
The Doctors Blackwell: How Two Pioneering Sisters Brought Medicine to Women and Women to Medicine
Simply Delicious Vegan: 100 Plant-Based Recipes by the Creator of from My Bowl
Everything Men Know about Women: 30th Anniversary Edition


When I am in need of a new outfit for any occasion one of my 'go-to' stores to shop at is Bohme. If you are in Utah they have a Bohme Boutique and just about every mall so it is super convenient to shop there and they always have such cute items! I am loving all of their Boho styled outfits lately! & good news for all of my readers!! Bohme is giving you 10% off your entire order by using coupon code HEY10 at check out!
When I saw this cute tunic top I fell in LOVE! Since I am so tall I had to pair it with some skinny jeans so it won't be super short but styled either way would look great!


A simple blood test and other measures could help halt the rise of sickle cell anemia in Africa and prevent fatal complications, especially among children, a World Heath Organization (WHO) official said this month.
People living in Africa make up some 66 percent of the approximately 120 million people worldwide affected by sickle cell anemia. Matshidiso Moeti, MD, regional director for WHO in Africa, asked for more financial investment, collaboration and partnerships at the Congress of the African Society of Hematology in Brazzaville, Congo, earlier this month.
Sickle cell anemia can cause pain, life-threatening infections, stroke, and loss of vision. WHO implemented control programs in regions of Africa in 2008, but a lack of access, counseling and basic facilities made it difficult to manage patients.
Genetic screening using a blood test is not commonly conducted, and a diagnosis is often made only when a complication, often severe, occurs. Children in Africa with the most severe form of the disease generally die before age 5, usually from an infection or severe anemia.
According to WHO, about 300,000 children worldwide are born with sickle cell disease. Nigeria has the highest rate of any country, with Congo and Tanzania third and fourth. India is second. The disease can interfere with a patient's education, employment, and psychological and social development.
According to the National Institutes of Health, 25 to 30 percent of the general population of Congo has the sickle cell trait in the general population. Sickle cell anemia affects approximately 1.4 percent of newborns — about 40,000 babies per year.
Tagged Africa, blood disorders, World Health Organization.


6. Chemotherapy involves poisoning the rapidly growing cancer cells and also destroys rapidly growing healthy cells in the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract etc, and can cause organ damage, like liver, kidneys, heart, lungs etc.
7. Radiation, while destroying cancer cells, also burns, scars and damages healthy cells, tissues and organs.
Sugar substitutes like NutraSweet, Equal,Spoonful, etc are made with Aspartame and it is harmful.
A better natural substitute would be Manuka honey or molasses, but only in very small amounts.
Table salt has a chemical added to make it white in color. Better alternative is Bragg's aminos or sea salt.
b. Milk causes the body to produce mucus, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. Cancer feeds on mucus.
By cutting off milk and substituting with unsweetened soy milk cancer cells are being starved.
Meat also contains livestock antibiotics, growth hormones and parasites which are all harmful, especially to people with cancer.
d. A diet made of 80 percent fresh vegetables and juice, whole grains, seeds, nuts and a little fruit helps put the body into an alkaline environment. About 20 percent can be from cooked food including beans.
Fresh vegetable juices provide live enzymes that are easily absorbed and reach down to cellular levels within 15 minutes to nourish and enhance growth of healthy cells. To obtain live enzymes for building healthy cells try and drink fresh vegetable juice (most vegetables including bean sprouts) and eat some raw vegetables 2 or 3 times a day.
Enzymes are destroyed at temperatures of 104 degrees F (40 degrees C).
Water – it's best to drink purified or filtered water to avoid known toxins and heavy metals in tap water. Distilled water is acidic, avoid it .
11. Meat protein is difficult to digest and requires a lot of digestive enzymes. Undigested meat remaining in the intestines become putrefied and leads to more toxic buildup.
12. Cancer cell walls have a tough protein covering. By refraining from or eating less meat it frees more enzymes to attack the protein walls of cancer cells and allows the body's killer cells to destroy the cancer cells.
13. Some supplements build up the immune system Beta Glucan, IP6, Flor-essence, Essiac (learn more about Essiac tea), antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, EFAs etc., to enable the body's own killer cells to destroy cancer cells.
14. Cancer is a disease of the mind, body, and spirit. A proactive and positive spirit will help the cancer warrior be a survivor. Anger, unforgiveness and bitterness put the body int o a stressful and acidic environment. Learn to have a loving and forgiving spirit. Learn to relax and enjoy life.
15. Cancer cells cannot thrive in an oxygenated environment. Exercising daily and deep breathing help to get more oxygen down to the cellular level. Oxygen therapy is another means employed to destroy cancer cells.
3. No plastic wrap in microwave .
Johns Hopkins has recently sent this out in its newsletters. This information is being circulated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center as well. Dioxin chemicals cause cancer, especially breast cancer. Dioxins are highly poisonous to the cells of our bodies. Don't freeze your plastic bottles with water in them as this releases dioxins from the plastic.
Recently, Dr . Edward Fujimoto, Wellness Program Manager at CastleHospital, was on a TV program to explain this health hazard. He talked about dioxins and how bad they are for us.
Instead, he recommends using glass, such as Corning Ware, Pyrex or ceramic containers for heating food. You get the same results, only without the dioxin. So such things as TV dinners, instant ramen and soups, etc., should be removed from the container and heated in something else. Paper isn't bad but you don't know what is in the paper. It's just safer to use tempered glass, Corning Ware, etc.
Also, he pointed out that plastic wrap such as Saran, is just as dangerous when placed over foods to be cooked in the microwave. As the food is nuked, the high heat causes poisonous toxins to actually melt out of the plastic wrap and drip into the food. Cover food with a paper towel instead.


text:
Be a Star For a Day in Glasgow
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We are here to help you plan something special and memorable. If you want to ask us something, you go ahead and we will get back to you ASAP.


text:
import * as messages from '@cucumber/messages'
import PickleTestStep from './PickleTestStep'
import IClock from './IClock'
import { MakeErrorMessage } from './ErrorMessageGenerator'
import IStopwatch from '../src/IStopwatch'
import { IStepDefinition, ITestStep } from './types'

export default function makePickleTestStep(
  testStepId: string,
  pickleStep: messages.PickleStep,
  stepDefinitions: readonly IStepDefinition[],
  sourceFrames: readonly string[],
  clock: IClock,
  stopwatch: IStopwatch,
  makeErrorMessage: MakeErrorMessage
): ITestStep {
  const supportCodeExecutors = stepDefinitions
    .map((stepDefinition) => stepDefinition.match(pickleStep))
    .filter((supportCodeExecutor) => supportCodeExecutor !== null)
  return new PickleTestStep(
    testStepId,
    pickleStep.id,
    false,
    supportCodeExecutors,
    sourceFrames,
    clock,
    stopwatch,
    makeErrorMessage
  )
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Zobah is the name of an area in Aram; its full name is Aram-zobah, but usually it's truncated to just Zobah. Only twice this name is spelled with an aleph (צובא or Zoba), namely in 2 Samuel 10:6 and 10:8, and once it's spelled צבה (2 Samuel 23:36). The other dozen occurrences are spelled with a he (צובה).
Zobah is solely mentioned in military contexts. King Saul fought Zobah and inflicted severe punishments (1 Samuel 14:47). King David defeated Hadadezer, son of Rehob, king of Zobah (2 Samuel 8:3) but also employed Igal, son of Nathan of Zobah (2 Samuel 23:36). About his struggles with Aram-zobah David wrote the poem that we now know as Psalm 60.
The name Zobah probably comes from a language other than Hebrew, possibly Arabic. Alfred Jones (Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names) sees relations with an Arabic verb that means to incline or depress, and (in his article on Aram-zobah) presumes that the area known as Zobah was somewhat shaped like an amphitheatre.
For a meaning of the name Zobah, Alfred Jones' Dictionary reads Depression, which is rather peculiar because for Aram-zobah Jones reads Syria Of The Theatre.
A Hebrew audience would possibly have heard a meaning of War or Beauty.


The earliest recorded solar eclipse occurred on October 22, 2137 B.C., as documented in the Chinese classic Shu Ching. The ancient Chinese believed that the sun was constantly under attack by dragons that took large bites from it. The confirmation of this, to which they might point to verify their claim, would be a partial eclipse with a missing bite. Most emperors appointed at least one court astronomer whose sole duty was to predict an eclipse. Because the emperor was forewarned, the soldiers could rescue the sun by shooting arrows into the sky. The dragon was always killed or driven off. Nobody could dispute this, because within a short time the sun began to shine again.
Predicting eclipses was not as easy as it might seem, because astronomy was quite a dangerous profession in those days. The emperor invariably decreed that if the court astronomers were negligent (or incorrect) in their predictions they would suffer instant death!
A little over 4,000 years ago, during the reign of Chung K'ang of the Hsai Dynasty, the emperor appointed two men, those names were not recorded, to the post of court astronomer. The two men were quite successful for a while; in fact, whenever they felt it was necessary to prove their prediction prowess, they would announce an impending eclipse. The emperor's warriors, thereby alerted, would fire arrows into the sky and beat gongs and drums and thus frighten away or kill the dragon. The sun was always rescued, and the eclipse was avoided. On one fateful occasion, however, the two astronomers missed a guess and failed to predict an eclipse. Although the warriors were able to "rescue" the sun and it returned shortly, the astronomers were executed for their oversight.
All was not lost, since they left behind the first actual record of an eclipse. No one thought to ask them to turn over their secret formulas showing how they were able to predict eclipses. Possibly their failure rendered their methods too unreliable to preserve.
Through the years a heavenly eclipse, particularly of the sun, has held intense fascination for professional and amateur astronomers. Many would go to great lengths to witness and study such events. Some of the results, had they not been so frustrating to the scientists involved, would have been more appropriate in the comedy category.
Many astronomers were absolutely fanatical about the subject. Foremost was a Scottish scientist who lived during the days of sailing ships. In trying to observe six separate eclipses, he actually chalked up a sailing record of 75,000 miles to gain the best vantage points for observation. Despite all his efforts, he observed only one, the other five being obscured by cloud coverings. As a consolation it could be said that he had had the opportunity to see the world, if he had bothered to look.
His experiences were perhaps no less frustrating than those of Pierre Janssen, a French astronomer who was absolutely determined to photograph a solar eclipse of 1871.
His was a difficult situation, because he was in Paris while it was under siege during the Franco—Prussian War. He secured a hot air balloon and, risking heavy German rifle fire, rose above the city. The Germans were so startled by the sight of the balloon that not a shot was fired, and Pierre escaped unharmed. Without losing time, and after undergoing considerable hardship, he traveled by whatever means possible to his observation site. He finally reached the path of the eclipse on the East African coast well in time to observe it, but the event was obscured by rain!


Hybrid gloves, half-leather palms, half breathable stretch fabric on the back.
- Thin leather on the inside fingers for greater dexterity.
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- The stretch textile on the back of the hand aids breathability and avoids sweating.
- Loop to clip the gloves to the harness.


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Ben Hitt, Ph.D. – Analytics Consultant, CoPI
http://serenityhill.info/
Ben is a nationally recognized expert in data mining and pattern recognition solutions. He is the inventor and patent holder of numerous algorithms and computer programs. His works include inventions for analyzing disparate data streams, near real-time analysis of audio and text information streams, applications for the detection of credit card fraud, and optimization solutions for direct marketing problems.
Ben has served as the Director of the Schenk Center for Informatic Sciences at Wheeling Jesuit University, the Chief Science Officer of Correlogic Systems, and a Senior Principal Software Engineer for Raytheon Systems, where he developed national security applications for his algorithmic work.
Ben began his career as a biochemist specializing in drug metabolism and biochemical genetics. He became a Consulting Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology at Stanford University Medical School and Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology the University of Cincinnati Medical School, as well as a research chemist for the Veterans Administration Medical Center at Palo Alto.
He later held positions with Neuralware Inc., Advanced Software Applications, and American Heuristics, which he also co-founded. During this period, he developed and expanded his concepts of employing algorithms in data mining and other complex problem-solving applications. Progressing from his initial work with neural networks, Dr. Hitt incorporated genetic algorithms and related analytical techniques into his later inventions.
Dr. Hitt was a post-doctoral research associate at Stanford University Medical School. He received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from West Virginia University in 1970, and his B.S. in Biology and Chemistry from West Liberty State College (now West Liberty University), in West Virginia, in 1966. He has published over 30 scientific papers based on his research and development experience.


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You are here: Home / Our Work / Advocacy / GEN at COP25 in Madrid, Spain
GEN at COP25 in Madrid, Spain Demanding 'More Political Will', GEN Executive Director Declares 'We Need to Raise Our Voices'
As scientists warns that global temperature is already 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels, and young people are taking to the streets demanding that politicians take urgent action on this climate emergency, governments of 197 nations gather in Spain for the UN Climate Change Conference COP25. The Global Ecovillage Network (GEN) joins efforts with civil society at COP25 as a part of its ongoing work to catalyze communities for a regenerative future.
Kosha Joubert, Executive Director of GEN said: "Fridays for Future and the Extinction Rebellion have been raising awareness for the Climate Emergency and demanding real change. The Global Ecovillage Network is an expression of that real change, born from the hearts of people around the planet who long to be part of the solution, not the problem, and who are willing to get out of their comfort zones in order to step into their integrity."
This year, GEN is hosting a delegation with 11 community leaders from all of its 5 regions, including representatives from Brazil, Colombia, Cameroon, Ghana, Morocco, Australia, New Zealand, United States, Germany and the United Kingdom.
GEN's main objectives at COP25 are to lift the voice of community-led initiatives and showcase ecovillage solutions for climate adaptation and mitigation, with examples of these are featured on GEN's website at ecovillage.org/climate-solutions, as well as to reach out to governments, business representatives, and partners in order to scale up the work and impact of the ecovillages in the world. See Ecovillage's Impact Assessment at ecovillage.org/impact-assessment.
"Today, GEN reaches out to over 6000 ecovillages and eco-projects in 114 countries, in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe and North America. We are present at the COP Conferences in order to influence governments to start supporting community-led responses to the Climate Emergency," Ms. Joubert said. "And we agree, more political will is needed to instigate the changes demanded – it relies on us, the people of the world to stand up, raise our voices and start believing in our own capacity for transformative action."
Global Ecovillage Network's involvement with COP25
Since 2000 GEN has had consultative status at the UN-Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) commission, and is represented at regular briefing sessions at the UN Headquarters in New York. The Special Consultative Status with ECOSOC gives GEN the chance to join in the work of various committees relevant to its concerns to promote sustainable communities and practices worldwide. GEN has been participating at COP since it's 15th edition in 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and has sent delegations to every edition since COP21 in Paris, France.
GEN's schedule for COP25 was very busy. On Tuesday, December 4, the Global Ecovillage Network was invited by The Nordic Council to give a talk about "The Power of Culture, Nature and Community-led Development in response to the Climate Emergency." GEN was represented by Kosha Joubert (Executive Director), Jennifer Trujillo (GEN President, CASA Colombia) and Kenza Isnasni.
As part of COP25's official schedule, GEN hosted the exhibit "Communities and Culture: Critical for Transformative Climate Action", on December 4 and 5 at Booth 19. This space provided a 'home' at COP25 for communities, business and government representatives to explore GEN's efforts to catalyze communities for a regenerative future, supporting poverty reduction and climate resilience in our world's materially and financially poorest places.
On Friday, December 6th, GEN also hosted the side event "The Power of Culture, Nature and Community-led Development in Response to the Climate Emergency". We demonstrated how ecovillages and heritage trust organizations can and are helping to scale up ambition, achieve the Paris Agreement, preserve natural and cultural heritage, protect the rights of nature, restore degraded ecosystems, sequester carbon, and lead to healthier thriving communities.
Speakers included Kosha Joubert (GEN Executive Director, Scotland); Jennifer Trujillo (GEN President, Colombia); Kenza Isnasni (GEN Advocacy Coordinator, Morocco), Andrew Potts (INTO & Climate Heritage Network), Sarah Sutton (Sustainable Museums), and Queen Quet (Chieftess of the Gullah/Geechee Nation), with moderation by Thalea Tane, (GEN Oceania & Asia Council Member, New Zealand).
Find out how the Global Ecovillage Network is having a strong impact on climate change, resiliency and adaptation all around the world, and discover how community-led solutions are helping regions and countries to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement National Determined Contributions (NDCs). Watch the full side event:
On Saturday, December 7, the Global Ecovillage Network was invited by the German Federal Environment Ministry (BMU) to support the launch of their new programme supporting local climate and biodiversity projects in developing countries and emerging economies. The programme, "Capacity Building and Finance for National and Local Action on Climate and Biodiversity (CBF)" – implemented by GIZ over the next six years – aims to get small, context-tailored, innovative ideas off the ground while at the same time strengthening capacities of smaller organisations – a first in the history of the BMU's International Climate Initiative (IKI).
Speakers included Kosha Joubert (GEN Executive Director, Scotland); Philipp Behrens (BMU); Nana Kuenkel (German Corporation for International Cooperation GmbH – GIZ); Angelica Shamerina (GEF Small Grants programme); Augustina Besada (Sustentar) and Sena Alouka (Jeunes Volontaires pour l'Environnement – JVE). The facilitator was Bernd Liss (GIZ).
On Monday, December 9, the Global Ecovillage Network was invited at the South African Pavillon to participate in the side event "Addressing Climate Change Through Community-Led Development" and share successful experiences from Morocco, Colombia, Nigeria, Cameroon, New Zealand, and Scotland. We addressed the reality of the communities that are directly affected by climate change and that have on the ground, effective solutions towards a more regenerative future.
On December 10, the Global Ecovillage Network joined the Indigenous Peoples Forum (Pueblos Originarios) at the Green Zone of COP25 to participate in the side event "Addressing Climate Change Through Community-led Development – Coming Home to our Planet". List of speakers included Kosha Joubert (Global Ecovillage Network – GEN, South Africa, and Scotland); Jennifer Trujillo (GEN President, CASA Colombia); Sonita Mbah (GEN Africa, Cameroon); Thalea Tane, (GENOA, Aotearoa – New Zealand); and Lovans Owusu Takyi (GHANA, GEN Africa).
The Global Ecovillage Network signed agreements with 8 African Countries to scale up ecovillage development programmes in response to the Climate Emergency
At the Blue area of COP25, negotiations were sticky and focussed on issues of carbon trade rather than the radical transformation of human presence on this planet that is so desperately needed. Whilst, the Global Ecovillage Network (GEN) signed or deepened agreements with 8 African Countries for the implementation of ecovillage development programmes.
Ministers of Environment from The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Liberia, Nigeria and Burkina Faso signed Memorandums of Understanding (MoU) for nation-wide implementation of GEN's Ecovillage Development Programmes. An agreement with Democratic Republic of Congo was also signed. but with a letter of support from the President, rather than an agreement with the Minister of Environment.
The Minister of Environment of Nigeria, Dr. Mohammad Mahmood Abubakar, was impressed to get to know more about our work. Yaou Mey, head of Climate Change division of Togo, also enjoyed exchanging ideas with our delegation.
In combination with our existing programmes and more than 6000 communities and initiatives in 114 countries, GEN has grown into a tapestry of hope, with each of our projects on the ground as a possible entrance point.
About COP
The Conference of the Parties (COP) is the annual meeting of the nations signed up to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Its purpose is to advance global action to tackle climate change.
At COP21 in 2015, 195 countries signed up to the Paris Agreement, which committed them to keep global temperatures "well below" 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial times and "endeavor to limit" them even more, to 1.5 degrees Celsius. In addition, industrialized countries agreed to pay US$100 billion a year by 2020 to help developing countries to decarbonize their economies.
The 2019 UN Climate Change Conference, COP25, will take place from 2 to 13 December, at IFEMA – Feria de Madrid, Avda. del Partenón, 5, 28042 Madrid, Spain. It will take place under the Presidency of the Government of Chile and will be held with logistical support from the Government of Spain.
Following agreement on the implementation guidelines of the Paris Agreement at COP 24 in Poland last year, a key objective of COP25 is to complete several matters with respect to the full operationalization of the Paris Climate Change Agreement.
GEN at COP24 in Katowice, Poland
About the Global Ecovillage Network
The Global Ecovillage Network (GEN) catalyzes communities for a regenerative world. GEN is a growing network of regenerative communities and initiatives that bridge cultures, countries, and continents.
GEN (ecovillage.org) builds bridges between policy-makers, governments, NGOs, academics, entrepreneurs, activists, community networks and ecologically-minded individuals across the globe in order to develop strategies for a global transition to resilient communities and cultures.
About Ecovillages
An ecovillage is an intentional or traditional community that is consciously designed through locally owned, participatory processes in all four areas of regeneration (social, culture, ecology, economy into a whole systems design) to restore and regenerate its social and natural environment.
Ecovillages are living laboratories pioneering beautiful alternatives and innovative solutions. They are rural or urban settlements with vibrant social structures, vastly diverse, yet united in their actions towards low-impact, high-quality lifestyles.
For media enquiries, please contact
Kenza Isnasni
Global Ecovillage Network's Advocacy Coordinator
(mobile) +32472743055; E-mail: kenza.isnasni(at)ecovillage.org
Overview of GEN and COP25: https://ecovillage.org/gen-at-cop25
Facebook: https://facebook.com/GlobalEcovillageNetwork/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/GEN_Ecovillages
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Hashtags: #GENCOP25 #COP25 #CommunityLed #InnovativeSolutions #ClimateEmergency #ClimateHeritage #TimeForAction #TiempoDeActuar
Examples of GEN in action
Ghana Permaculture Institute
Tamera Ecovillage
Cloughjordan Ecovillage
Ghana Permaculture Institute has implemented sustainable projects that mitigate carbon buildup in the atmosphere on a large network scale. GPI currently has about 8000 farmers in Ghana who use permaculture and organic farming practices. Through education and training, these farmers gain knowledge and are able to implement farming practices such as tree planting, mulching, mix cropping, mix farming and crop rotation. In addition, they are taught how to recycle their organic matter into compost as a fertilizer and also recycle sawdust into edible mushrooms.
Tamera Ecovillage in Portugal has brought a dry inhospitable region back to life using water retention landscaping, keyline contouring and water retention ponds. This has been achieved despite the community being in a drylands region where the streams would normally go dry within weeks after it rains. As a result, the land has now been transformed biodiversity restored. Now the streams run year round in this verdant ecotopia, with fruit orchards, a vineyard, and an abundance of plants and animal life.
Irish Showcase Ecovillage, Cloughjordan measures its climate impact in four dimensions of sustainability and finds it has a significantly lower climate impact than the national average. Cloughjordan's low-carbon lifestyle is supported by its Ecological Charter which specifies the ecological standards for building in the ecovillage, ensuring that the homes are low-energy and ecological in the materials used. Its district heating system supplies the water that heats all its homes in a carbon-neutral way, using only renewable energy. In addition, the Community Supported Agriculture farm, composed of members from the ecovillage and the surrounding community, grows food using organic and biodynamic methods, and systematically regenerates the soil.
Requesting nominations for a core team to support Pan African Ecovillage Development Programme (PAEDP)
Green Economy and Social Enterprise for Climate Resilient Communities
Friends of GEN – Building the New Normal!
Hildur Jackson Award 2020 finalist: TI Ecovillage, India
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Hildur Jackson Award 2020 finalist: TI Ecovillage, India A unique enclave originally on the outskirts of Bangalore
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Essays by Theme
A Brief History of the Editions of TMS: Part 2
sympathy theory of moral sentiments impartial spectator self-command conscience theology atonement natural religion
Erik W. Matson for AdamSmithWorks
If we confine ourselves to the editions of TMS we see Smith, in the first edition, set out largely on a project of moral anatomy. He lays out a novel account of moral judgment through sympathy. But he came gradually to blend his anatomy with painting, to fuse science with art.
The sixth and final edition of The Theory of Moral Sentiments underwent significant changes. Smith first wrote of his design to prepare a final edition to his London publisher, Thomas Cadell, in 1788. Smith took a four month leave from his duties at the Custom House in Edinburgh to start in on revisions. Speaking of his leave, he tells Cadell that his subject "is the theory of moral Sentiments to all parts of which I am making many additions and corrections. The chief and the most important additions will be to the third part, that concerning the sense of Duty and to the last part concerning the History of moral Philosophy" (Corr. 276, 310-311).
In 1789 Smith wrote again to Cadell, reiterating that he has "been labouring very hard in preparing the proposed new edition of the Theory of Moral Sentiments" (Corr. 287, 319). He announced yet more ambitious revisions to the work than he anticipated: "Besides the Addition and improvements I mentioned to you; I have inserted, immediately after the fifth part, a compleat new sixth part containing a practical system of Morality, under the title of the Character of Virtue" (ibid, 320). He tells Cadell in the same letter that "the subject [of practical morality] has grown on me" (ibid).
When the final edition appeared in print in May 1790, it included an "Advertisement" written by Smith describing some of the changes to the work:
SINCE the first publication of the THEORY OF MORAL SENTIMENTS, which was so long ago as the beginning of the year 1759, several corrections, and a good many illustrations of the doctrines contained in it, have occurred to me. But the various occupations in which the different accidents of my life necessarily involved me, have till now prevented me from revising this work with the care and attention which I always intended. The reader will find the principal alterations which I have made in this New Edition, in the last Chapter of the third Section of Part First; and in the four first Chapters of Part Third. Part Sixth, as it stands in this New Edition, is altogether new. In Part Seventh, I have brought together the great part of the different passages concerning the Stoical Philosophy, which, in the former Editions, had been scattered about in different parts of the work. I have likewise endeavoured to explain more fully, and examine more distinctly, some of the doctrines of that famous sect. In the fourth and last Section of the same Part, I have thrown together a few additional observations concerning the duty and principle of veracity. There are, besides, in other parts of the work, a few other alterations and corrections of no great moment. (Smith 1982,3)
Among the alterations and corrections "of no great moment" are several conspicuous alterations of orthodox theological language and ideas. Those alterations dovetail with some of the shifts in tone in edition 3. That Smith makes no mention of these alterations is not particularly surprising given the religious climate of the day. But the changes did not go unnoticed by his contemporary readers.
The changes to edition 6 can usefully be grouped into five interrelating categories: (1) conscience and the impartial spectator; (2) theology; (3) moral corruption; (4) Part VI, "Of the Character of Virtue"; (5) self-command (cf. Raphael 1992, 103).
The changes concerning conscience and the impartial spectator may be seen as a continuation of Smith's engagement with Gilbert Elliot's criticism of the first edition. Smith strives to retain his social account of moral formation without sacrificing a socially transcendent conception of virtue. To maintain both he introduces, albeit implicitly, a spectrum of impartial spectators with different degrees of wisdom and virtue. There is a kind of spectator that is "impartial" because he is not materially involved in the situation at hand. He is a seemingly well-intended stranger watching a fight break out at a sporting event, a neighbor watching you bicker with your spouse on an evening walk. This kind of impartial spectator can be understood simply as a representative member of our population. Of course, a representative of our population will have his biases. He won't have the acumen to usefully spectate and judge a situation on the other side of the world in a foreign country. But we naturally imagine higher sorts of impartial spectators who are wiser and more virtuous with respect to larger social wholes. At the limit of the moral imagination resides an elusive, highest impartial spectator, a God-like figure with superhuman knowledge and benevolence towards the whole of humankind. In a theological reading of Smith, the highest impartial spectator is God himself.1
Smith's polysemous use of "impartial spectator," especially in edition 6, provides his final response to Elliot. Our conception of virtue is made from social influences. But through reflection and interaction with moral exemplars—living or dead, real or imaginary—we can sketch a sense of the character of the highest impartial spectator. Our conviction of the sentiments and desire for the approval of that spectator, or his/her representative, can sustain us against the clamor of the crowd.
Smith implicitly draws out the point about different sorts of spectators in a new set of passages at III.2.31-32. He begins by noting, "man has … been rendered the immediate judge of mankind." This is the lowest kind of impartial spectator, a representative community member. But "an appeal lies from [the sentence of man] to a much higher tribunal, to the tribunal of their own consciences, to that of the supposed impartial and well-informed spectator, to that of the man within the breast." This supposed impartial spectator is "partly immortal, yet partly too of mortal extraction." The highest impartial spectator is akin to God, "the all-seeing Judge of the world, whose eye can never be deceived, and whose judgment can never be perverted" (III.2.33). It is toward this highest impartial spectator that our consciences strive. Smith draws out the relation between conscience and the highest impartial spectator clearly in the new Part VI, speaking of "the entire approbation of the impartial spectator, and of the representative of the impartial spectator, the man within the breast [i.e. conscience]" (VI.i.11).
A surprising number of the overtly theological elements and passages are revised in edition 6. By far the most conspicuous change is the removal of a long passage on the doctrine of atonement. That passage was perhaps the only passage in the book touching on doctrines of revealed as opposed to natural religion. The long original passage ends with a declaration that "the doctrines of revelation coincide, in every respect with those original anticipations of nature; … they show us … that the most powerful intercession has been made, and that the most dreadful atonement has been paid for our manifold transgressions and iniquities." (II.ii.3.12). In edition 6 Smith replaces that sentence and the preceding paragraphs with one short sentence: "In every religion, and in every superstition that the world has ever beheld, accordingly, there has been a Tartus as well as an Elysium; a place provided for the punishment of the wicked, as well as one for the reward of the just" (II.ii.3.12).
Smith adds a takedown of what David Hume, in his Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, called the "monkish virtues," notably humility and self-mortification. Affirming the beauty of the doctrine of a world to come, Smith rejects the notion that that doctrine ought to lead us to withdraw from the present world. More specifically, he rejects the idea that withdrawal and contemplation ought to be considered virtuous.
To compare … the futile mortifications of a monastery, to the ennobling hardships and hazards of war; to suppose that one day, or one hour, employed in the former should, in the eye of the great Judge of the world, have more merit than a whole life spent honourably in the latter, is surely contrary to all our moral sentiments; to all the principles by which nature has taught us to regulate our contempt or admiration. (III.2.35)
Gavin Kennedy (2011) reads the theological changes in edition 6 as showing that Smith was at heart something of a Humean agnostic. Smith, according to Kennedy, kept his beliefs private in order to avoid controversy and appease his pious mother, who passed away only a few years before Smith. The Archbishop of Dublin, William Magee, perceived Hume's influence in edition 6. He wrote of Smith's removal of the atonement passage as "one proof more … of the danger, even to the most enlightened, from the familiar contact with infidelity" (quoted in Rasmussen 2017, 234).
In passing it is worth noting a subtle tension between the decrease in overt theology in edition 6 and the reformulation of the impartial spectator. Smith appears to become more of a skeptic, or at least a bit less orthodox in this theology. But at the same time his conception of the impartial spectator takes on a more theological cast. In an effort to distinguish between the judgments of the crowd and true virtue, Smith leans into a unique fusion of eighteenth-century sociability and Protestant theology (Forman-Barzilai 2010, 93). Dickey (1986) writes of Smith employing a "coy theology" in edition 6 (605).
Part VI treats the moral and social pitfalls of wealth and power. These pitfalls multiply in a commercial society, where distinctions of wealth and status become more pronounced and dynamic. The reason for Smith's emphasis on such topics in edition 6 is likely in part a product of his focus on wealth and politics later in life—a focus which led to the publication of the Wealth of Nations—and in part a reaction to social and economic trends of the time. The late eighteenth-century saw spikes in economic growth which led to expanding urbanization and luxury. In England laborers' wages "increased gradually for much of the century, especially between 1760 and 1790 … craftsmen's wages … increased dramatically everywhere" (Garbo 2016, 47). Higher wages afforded comforts and embellishments—coffee, tobacco, quality linen garments, and so forth. "Between the first and last edition of TMS, England and Scotland experienced … the very first consumer revolution" (ibid., 42). Perhaps his observation of the consumer dimension of commercialization spurred Smith to attempt to counter what he saw as the corrupting effects of acquisitiveness, effects he had made note of from the first edition of TMS (e.g. IV.i.8).
Smith added a new chapter to Part I, "Of the corruption of our moral sentiments, which is occasioned by this disposition to admire the rich and the great, and to despise or neglect persons of poor and mean condition." The theme of the chapter is that there are two different roads to the respect and status that we naturally desire: One is the road taken by those "of proud ambition and ostentatious avidity; the other, of humble modesty and equitable justice" (I.iii.3.2). The latter is a lonely road. The tragedy is that changes in status and fortune don't really contribute to our well-being, at least not in an enduring way. Smith flags the issue, perhaps in an attempt to contribute to the moral education of his contemporary readers, landed gentry and aspiring bourgeois.
In edition 1, Smith states that there are two central questions involved in treating morality. "First, wherein does virtue consist?" "And, secondly, by what power or faculty in the mind is it, that this character … is recommended to us?" (VII.i.2). The first five editions appear, at least on their surface, to dwell on the second question (although Smith strangely says at VII.iii.intro.3 that the second question is "a mere matter of philosophical curiosity"). The addition of Part VI to edition 6 may be seen as Smith's attempt to answer the first and ostensibly more important question. Recall that in his letter to Thomas Cadell, Smith describes Part VI as "containing a practical system of Morality, under the title of the Character of Virtue" (Corr. 287, 320).
What can we say about Smith's "practical system of Morality"? Hanley (2009) describes it as Smith's contribution to virtue ethics, wherein he lays out his understanding of the path to self-actualization and fulfillment through the practice of prudence, justice, and beneficence, mediated by the virtue of self-command. Part VI emphasizes a higher set of virtues—superior prudence, universal benevolence, the standard of perfection, etc.—as something towards which we can aspire. Smith intimates that it is in the aspiration towards perfect virtue, in the pursuit of the better, that our well-being lies (Garbo 2016; Dickey 1986).
Part VI is Smith's comprehensive response to moral corruption and the pitfalls of commercialization. On such a reading, Part VI may be seen as a guidebook to virtue in the age of commerce. In the context of the work as a whole, Part VI presents a view of the pursuit of wealth as a contributory element to public happiness, but as underdetermining and sometimes distracting from individual well-being. Wealth may "keep off the summer shower," but it leaves us exposed to "anxiety, to fear, and to sorrow." It doesn't solve life's problems (IV.i.8). At the same time, however, the individual pursuit of wealth "rouses and keeps in continual motion the industry of mankind" leading to "cities and commonwealths … the sciences and arts, which ennoble and embellish human life" (IV.i.10). A prudent pursuit of wealth, as elaborated in TMS VI.i, captures the benefits and avoids the personal pitfalls of commercial pursuit (Matson 2020).
Related to the practical virtue ethics of Part VI, along with the emphasis on different conceptions of the impartial spectator, is Smith's expanded formulation of self-command. In edition 1, self-command is a more unidimensional virtue. It is the virtue of abstaining from present pleasures in favor of greater future rewards. In edition 6, however, Smith introduces "different shades and gradations of weakness and self-command" (III.3.20). Smith speaks of three general types, corresponding to the three kinds of spectators at III.2.31-32: a person of no self-command, a person of "a little more firmness," and "the man of real constancy and firmness … who has been thoroughly bred in the great school of self-command" (III.3.25). The man of real constancy and firmness is something of an ideal type. He unfailingly seeks the approval of the impartial spectator, "almost becom[ing] himself that impartial spectator, and scarce even feels but as that great arbiter of his conduct directs him to feel" (III.3.26). The road to wisdom and virtue, the road to well-being and self-actualization, lies in the cultivation of such self-command (Garbo 2016, 49).
The shifting formulations of self-command relate to Smith's expanded treatment of the Stoics in Part VII of edition 6 in which he brings together and adds to material from previous editions. Like many of the Scots, Smith draws from Stoic streams of thought. He accepts parts of Stoic ideas of oikeiosis, a theory of human development. He takes on aspects of the Stoic argument of design. He accepts at least a modified account of the Stoic virtue of self-command. But he criticizes the Stoics on a number of grounds. He dissents from Stoic cosmopolitanism, asserting that it requires a super-human and morally reprehensible suppressing of humane emotions. He asserts, in Part VII, that suicide, paradoxically for the Stoics, shows a lack of self-command and is unnatural (VII.ii.i.34).2
Notwithstanding his skepticism concerning some of the individual benefits of wealth-seeking, Part VI contains a number of powerful, albeit implicit, arguments for liberal commercial society. Some of these insights revolve around issues of knowledge. Drawing on the Stoic account of oikeiosis, Smith argues that the effectiveness of our efforts at beneficence depends on knowledge and familiarity. Love is a matter of habitual sympathy. Habitual sympathy means practicing entering into the situations and sentiments of others. The contextual knowledge of individual situations enables us to beneficially intervene. But that contextual knowledge decreases with social space. We have great knowledge of our family and friends, some knowledge of our community, less of our country, and even less of humanity at large. Our ability to serve the good is usually limited to our local spheres. "The interest of the great society of mankind [is] best promoted by directing the principal attention of each individual to that particular portion of it, which was most within the sphere both of his abilities and of his understanding" (VI.ii.2.4).
Such insights, combined with his shrewd assessment of politics, feeds into Smith's powerful indictment in edition 6 of what F.A. Hayek would later call the pretense of knowledge:
The man of system, on the contrary, is apt to be very wise in his own conceit; and is often so enamoured with the supposed beauty of his own ideal plan of government, that he cannot suffer the smallest deviation from it … He seems to imagine that he can arrange the different members of a great society with as much ease as the hand arranges the different pieces upon the chess-board. He does not consider that the pieces upon the chess-board have no other principle of motion besides that which the hand impresses upon them; but that, in the great chess-board of human society, every single piece has a principle of motion of its own, altogether different from that which the legislature might chuse to impress upon it. (VI.ii.2.18)
Some downplay the importance of the changes in editions of TMS. Speaking of edition 6, Dwyer (2005) writes of "Smith's tortuous, and occasionally convoluted revision" (679). Viner (1927) comments on Smith's fitness and the coherence of his thought: "When Smith revised his Theory of Moral Sentiments [for the sixth edition] he was elderly and unwell. It is not altogether unreasonable to suppose that he had lost the capacity to make drastic changes in his philosophy, but had retained his capacity to overlook the absence of complete co-ordination and unity in that philosophy" (217). Others see an incongruity in the editions. Dickey (1986) even complicates the traditional Adam Smith problem by asserting three conflicting centers of Smith's thought: TMS edition 1, The Wealth of Nations (WN), and TMS edition 6.
There surely are important differences between the editions of TMS and between TMS and WN. But those differences do not, I think, evince intellectual dissonance. Rather, they show Smith moving back and forth between—and ultimately blending—different modes of thought. To use Hume's language, Smith wears the hats of both a painter and an anatomist. If we confine ourselves to the editions of TMS we see Smith, in the first edition, set out largely on a project of moral anatomy. He lays out a novel account of moral judgment through sympathy. But he came gradually to blend his anatomy with painting, to fuse science with art. His contemporary Scotsman George Campbell wrote in 1776 that "all art is founded on science and science is of little value which does not serve as the foundation to some beneficial art" (quoted in Lehmann 1971, 162). Smith surely shared the sentiment. In response to his understanding of the world around him, coupled with his assessment of the great promises and potential shortcomings of a liberal commercial society, Smith turned more in the later editions of TMS towards moral painting—just as he turned in the Wealth of Nations from what we now might call economic modelling to political economy, the science of the legislator. What we see, then, as we study the editions of TMS is the conscious effort of a great mind to bring philosophy to bear on human happiness, to understand the causes and consequences of our judgments, and to seek to improve them through a program of moral education.
Dickey, Laurence. 1986. "Historicizing the 'Adam Smith Problem': Conceptual, Historiographical, and Textual Issues." The Journal of Modern History 58 (3): 579–609.
Dwyer, John. 2005. "Ethics and Economics: Bridging Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments and Wealth of Nations." Journal of British Studies 44: 662–87.
Forman-Barzilai, Fonna. 2010. Adam Smith and the Circles of Sympathy: Cosmopolitanism and Moral Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Garbo, Lorenzo. 2016. "Adam Smith's Last Teachings: Dialectical Wisdom." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 38 (1): 41–54.
Hanley, Ryan Patrick. 2009. Adam Smith and the Character of Virtue. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kennedy, Gavin. 2011. "The Hidden Adam Smith in His Alleged Theology." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 33 (3): 385–402.
Klein, Daniel B. 2012. Knowledge and Coordination: A Liberal Interpretation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Klein, Daniel B., Erik W. Matson, and Colin Doran. 2018. "The Man Within the Breast, the Supreme Impartial Spectator, and Other Impartial Spectators in Adam Smith's 'Theory of Moral Sentiments.'" History of European Ideas 44 (8): 1153–68.
Lehmann, William C. 1971. Henry Home, Lord Kames, and the Scottish Enlightenment: A Study in National Character and in the History of Ideas. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Levy, David M., and Sandra J. Peart. 2008. "Adam Smith and His Sources: The Evil of Independence." The Adam Smith Review 4: 57–87.
Matson, Erik W. 2020. "A Dialectical Reading of Adam Smith on Wealth and Happiness." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3266115.
Montes, Leonidas. 2008. "Adam Smith as an Eclectic Stoic." The Adam Smith Review 4: 30–56.
Otteson, James. 2002. "Adam Smith's First Market: The Development of Language." History of Philosophy Quarterly 19 (1): 65–86.
Phillipson, Nicholas. 2000. "Language, Sociability, and History: Some Reflections on the Foundations of Adam Smith's Science of Man." In Economy, Polity, and Society: British Intellectual History, 1750-1950, edited by Stefan Collini, Richard Whatmore, and Brian Young. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Polanyi, Michael. 1959. The Study of Man. Abingdon: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.Raphael, D.D. 1992. "Adam Smith 1790: The Man Recalled; the Philosopher Revived." In Adam Smith Reviewed, edited by Peter Jones and Andrew S. Skinner, 93–118. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.———. 2010.
"The Virtues of TMS 1759." The Adam Smith Review 5: 15–24.
Raphael, D.D., and A.L. Macfie. 1982. "Introduction." In The Theory of Moral Sentiments, by Adam Smith, edited by D.D. Raphael and A.L. Macfie. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
Rasmussen, Dennis C. 2017. The Infidel and the Professor: David Hume, Adam Smith, and the Friendship That Shaped Modern Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Smith, Adam. 1982. The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Edited by D.D. Raphael and A.L. Macfie. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.———. 1983.
Lectures on Rhetoric and Belle Lettres. Edited by J.C. Bryce. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.———. 1987.
The Correspondence of Adam Smith. Edited by Ernest Campbell Mossner and Ian Simpson Ross. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
Stewart, Dugald. 1982. "Account of Adam Smith." In Essays on Philosophical Subjects, by Adam Smith, edited by W.P.D. Wightman and J.C. Bryce. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
Viner, Jacob. 1927. "Adam Smith and Laissez Faire." Journal of Political Economy 35 (2): 198–232.Vivenza, Gloria. 2001. Adam Smith and the Classics: The Classical Heritage in Adam Smith's Thought. New York: Oxford University Press.
This paragraph draws from Klein, Matson, and Doran (2018, 1156–60).↩
For further analyses of Smith and the Stoics see Vivenza (2001); Montes (2008), Levy and Peart (2008), and Forman-Barzilai (2010).↩
A project of Liberty Fund, made possible by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation.
Copyright 2017 – 2022, Liberty Fund, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


In recognition of the fact that its subscriber-based revenues continue to plummet, AOL is planning to shift to an ad-supported business model. AOL's subscriber base, which peaked at 30 million users, now has less than 19 million subscribers and is still dropping — over 800,000 subscribers dropped the service in this year's first quarter alone. In addition to seeing fewer AOL CDs, a shift to ad revenue also means some serious cuts in staff size, especially in the customer service and retention departments. From the article: 'Time Warner plans to announce a series of changes at AOL that analysts say will mark the end of the company's paid-subscriber model. The company will begin relying on advertising sales rather than monthly fees paid by customers, according to the Wall Street Journal. 'I don't know whether advertising will work, but my thinking is (the changes) are basically an acceptance of what is happening,' says Joseph Bonner, a media and telecommunications analyst at Argus Research.
Next Next post: New blog and new stuff.


In the month of March, a never before seen creation from executive chef Vincent Canzeri. You will succumb to the giant scallops perfectly pan seared and accompanied by a generous serving of braised pork belly lacquered in maple syrup. This delicious combo is served with oven roasted nantaise carrots and a velvety potato gratin. A divine selection. Also available in GLUTEN FREE version.


text:
It's a North Korean Missile Media Frenzy!
The media is hooked on military drama from the Korean Peninsula, so be skeptical of reports on Pyongyang's ballistic missile launches.
By Tyler RogowayApril 29, 2017
North Korean State News
Tyler RogowayView Tyler Rogoway's Articles
twitter.com/Aviation_Intel
The media has been waiting with bated breath for North Korea to test another ballistic missile or to detonate another nuclear device. Yesterday, the Kim regime did one of those things, firing off a ballistic missile in defiance of the world. What followed were an avalanche of reports that varied widely concerning the details of the launch, the nature of its results, and even what missile was fired. The mismatching of missile types, their supposed range classes, and their potential capabilities were an omnipresent component of this instant tidal wave of raw speculation.
Analyzing North Korea's Missile Parade: Prescription For Fear, Dose Of RealityBy Tyler Rogoway Posted in The War Zone
It's Far Too Soon For The Military Option When It Comes To North KoreaBy Tyler Rogoway Posted in The War Zone
Even Bill Maher Knows That The Media's Reporting On Guns Is Largely BullshitBy Tyler Rogoway Posted in The War Zone
Carrier Group Nowhere Near North Korea Last Weekend: Feint Or Fumble?By Tyler Rogoway Posted in The War Zone
Despite Tough Talk, U.S. Responses to North Korea Are Business As UsualBy Joseph TrevithickBy Tyler Rogoway Posted in The War Zone
It quickly appeared that the media had largely settled on the idea that the missile fired was a KN-17—the Scud/Hwasong/Nodong derivative that appeared to have a maneuverable warhead vehicle—resulting in bold claims that North Korea had tested its "carrier killer" missile to intimidate the Carl Vinson Carrier Strike Group now operating in the region.
Wow, that escalated quickly, right?
The truth is we only know a handful of facts about the launch. This is PACOM's official statement:
The missile was supposedly launched on an extremely steep trajectory. South Korea says it reached an altitude of 44 miles, flying for roughly 15 minutes while only traveling about 22 miles down-range before blowing up. Many outlets and pundits turned the missile's failure to reach the sea into a laughing matter.
First off, we have no idea at all if this launch was actually a failure. With anti-ballistic missile capable American and Japanese Aegis destroyers on high alert in the region, and with tensions very high, North Korea may have decided to execute the test within their own territorial boundaries, opting for a very steep parabolic trajectory instead of cross-range performance. The missile's abrupt end could have been a command destruction, not an inadvertent failure.
North Korea's supposed KN-17 with its maneuvering fins on its warhead vehicle.
As for North Korea's little "carrier killer," well we really don't know if the KN-17 was actually the missile tested, and it is highly doubtful it is anywhere near capable of actually engaging a surface vessel at this time. It is more likely that the missile, if it indeed exists as a real concept that North Korea is actually testing, will be designed to maneuver dynamically during its terminal phase of flight to make interception more challenging. Considering that THAAD anti-ballistic missile defense system is now coming online in South Korea, accelerating development of a short-range ballistic missile with such a capability makes sense. But making a warhead vehicle travel erratically during its terminal phase of flight is a far cry from striking a moving and highly defended aircraft carrier far out at sea.
To use a similar technology to attack an aircraft carrier or other large ship, North Korea would have to master a cocktail of challenging technologies. These include the ability to reliably provide initial and possibly mid-course targeting of the naval target via some sort of secure, over-the-horizon data-link, and a sensor platform that can detect and track a carrier and survive doing so.
Land-based over-the-horizon radar may be able to provide some detection and tracking of ships far out to sea, but they are extremely vulnerable to attack and they wouldn't likely provide precise enough coordinates for an anti-ship ballistic missile like the notional KN-17 to leverage effectively.
Not to mention that North Korea doesn't seem to even possess such a radar system.
The missile's maneuvering payload vehicle would also need a form of terminal homing, like an infrared or radar seeker that can survive extreme thermal loads and be effective even when advanced countermeasures are deployed. This is very high-tech equipment for North Korea to build, successfully test, and put into operation in a reliable format. China has spent years and billions of dollars working to develop and field a similar capability, with elaborate testing done against carrier-like silhouettes in the country's desert frontier. There is no doubt that North Korea has shown high interest in this type of naval area-denial weapon system in the past, but just because they can mock something up that looks the part for a parade doesn't mean they can actually implement such a capability at this time, even for testing purposes.
Considering the DF-17 is basically a Scud/Hwasong/Nodong missile with a maneuvering warhead section/reentry vehicle, why couldn't yesterday's test just have been of one of these standard short to intermediate range missiles instead of a DF-17? In fact, this is a far more probable explanation and we have no real evidence that a maneuvering warhead vehicle was present on the test missile in question.
The missile's launch location, near Pukchang, is also somewhat odd. Roughly 50 miles from the North Korea's western coastline, and 70 miles from its eastern coastline, it is a strange place to test a ballistic missile. Although there is a handful of large airfields nearby that are known for their fortified underground bunkers, using the area as a ballistic missile test launch complex seems odd. But if the goal is to keep a test missile within the bounds of North Korean territory, the location makes quite a bit of sense. In the past month, two other launches attributed (probably falsely) to the KN-17 occurred at Sinpo, which is appropriately located on North Korea's central eastern coast. But these launches occurred before a phalanx of anti-ballistic missile capable destroyers moved into the region, and just as the Trump administration's rhetoric was heating up.
When you look deeper to find any hard evidence that the DF-17 has ever been tested you can't find anything more than reports based on a few undisclosed sources. That's not to say that the missile hasn't been launched, but there is little proof that it actually has, and especially multiple times in succession. Considering it was one of the "stars" of North Korea's April 15th "Day of the Sun" parade, and giddy defense reporters began extrapolating elaborately from there, it seems that any Scud-like short to intermediate range missile test is now attributed to the DF-17 with no real facts to back it up.
All this isn't that surprising as the media has been hyper-focused on events on and around the Korean Peninsula since the Trump Administration began giving hard indications that a military intervention of the Kim regime's missile and nuclear programs was imminent. In the end these threats proved to be hollow, and thankfully the White House has made an about face and is now publicly seeking a diplomatic solution to the standoff, with military action being once again reserved as a defensive measure.
So with media big and small still on what seems to be a sugar high supplied by the daily North Korean headlines streaming out of Washington, they are quick to label any North Korean military activity as either a laughable failure or an ominous sign of an impending attack. As we stated a year ago when Pyongyang began changing its missile development strategy, the truth is that even in failure, North Korean scientists learn more about their various missiles in development or about ones already deployed. With this data they can continue to tweak their designs, making existing missiles more reliable and capable of longer range or of carrying heavier payloads, or improving designs being tested so that one day they may become operational.
Another area of hyperbole surrounding North Korea's missile program is that now every missile seems to magically use solid propellant—even liquid fueled Scud derivatives like the KN-17. In fact, many media sources state that the DF-17 is solid fueled, when there seems to be no indication of that being true. If anything its the opposite way around, with all indications being that the missile relies on liquid fuel just like its progenitors.
North Korea is still in the early stages of solid-fuel missile development, and has had some success, most likely with its submarine-launched KN-11 and its land-based KN-15 derivative. But just because these programs seem to be leveraging solid fuel technology, it doesn't mean that overnight Pyongyang's entire missile arsenal has been re-designed and re-deployed to do the same. That's simply not how it works.
In the end just be careful what you believe when reading, watching or listening about any shadowy new weapon emanating out of the Hermit Kingdom. Often times even major NGOs will be wrong about some aspects to some missile programs that defense bloggers are right on, and visa-versa. In other words, nobody has the entire picture—not even US or South Korean intelligence agencies—and those who seem quickest to "bring you all the details," and speak definitively about any of these questionable programs, are often the least accurate at doing so.
In the meantime, no our carriers are not sitting ducks for North Korea's fantasy missiles, and just because a missile blew up after being aloft for 15 minutes it doesn't mean that such event was unplanned or that the test was a failure. And no, not every short-range ballistic missile that is fired off from North Korean territory going forward is a "KN-17." If anything else, this all shows how successful North Korea's propaganda machine, and its great missile parade, has been at brainwashing the western press.
Contact the author: Tyler@thedrive.com
Analyzing North Korea's Missile Parade: Prescription For Fear, Dose Of Reality
Here are the technological highlights from yesterday's military parade through Kim Il Sung Square.
It's Far Too Soon For The Military Option When It Comes To North Korea
As war drums grow louder, the US and its allies are encircling North Korea with military might. Meanwhile, the White House is about to brief the US Senate as to its plans.
Even Bill Maher Knows That The Media's Reporting On Guns Is Largely Bullshit
Sensationalism and deliberately vague reporting is killing any chance for a real debate about guns.
Carrier Group Nowhere Near North Korea Last Weekend: Feint Or Fumble?
The Carl Vinson Strike Group was 3,500 miles from where we thought it was last weekend.
Despite Tough Talk, U.S. Responses to North Korea Are Business As Usual
The open discussion of military action may only serve to reinforce the reclusive regime's opinions and validate their domestic propaganda.


text:
Paths on Iran Start to Take Shape
Gerald F. Seib
Updated Oct. 5, 2009 12:01 am ET
Iran, it appears, was more cooperative than many expected in its much-anticipated talks with the U.S. and others about its nuclear program.
Now comes the next phase: deciding whether that's a good thing or a bad thing.
Good, because in Thursday's talks Iran toed the mark set down for it on at least one important item -- opening its newly disclosed...
Capital Journal: Progress in Talks With Iran
The meeting between Iran, the U.S. and other world powers made progress, but still leaves open the question of whether Tehran is just playing for time, Executive Washington Editor Jerry Seib explains.


text:
Q: How do you use pip to install Pygame/Pygame Zero with Command Prompt? I tried using pip to install Pygame/Pygame Zero via Command Prompt, but it didn't work as expected. Here's what happened.
So basically, I tried using the command python -m pip install -U pip but it didn't work as expected. I received a message saying:
Python was not found; run without arguments to install from the Microsoft Store, or disable this shortcut from Settings > Manage App Execution Aliases.

I realized this would be useless, as I already downloaded pip with Python.
Then what I tried to do was use the commands pip install pygame and pip install pgzero but that didn't work either. Both commands resolved to this:
'pip' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.

Can you help me?

A: Pip automatically comes when downloading Python.
It can be dowloaded using this link.
After installing Python, you can check if pip is installed by entering 'pip' in your command prompt.
If you receive the same message as before, use this command:
py -m ensurepip --upgrade

Let me know if you need any more help !

Following your update:

I would suggest consulting this link to get started using Pygame. It says to use: python3 -m pip install -U pygame --user My personal suggestion would be to start learning Python before goin straight into a library like Pygame. You should start from the basic with tutorials on Youtube.


text:
The Media Commons hosts a vast microform (microfilm, microfiche, microtext) collection which includes nearly 3-million items, ranging from historical documents to contemporary newspapers, both domestic and international.
The microform collection also includes University of Toronto Masters and PhD dissertations on microfiche. Digital copies may be available online through TSpace, the University of Toronto Libraries institutional repository.
This collection is closed, meaning staff assistance is required for access. Please approach the Media Commons service desk in order to retrieve or borrow the item(s) you need. Finding aids may also be available at the service desk.
International Newspapers & Periodicals on Microform (PDF) (HTML)
Canadian Newspapers & Periodicals on Microform (PDF)
Science Journals on Microform (PDF)
Microform Collections (PDF)
The Petro Jacyk Resource Centre (Robarts Library, 3rd floor) has produced several finding aids for Central and Eastern European collections, available on their website.
A number of digital microform scanners are available in the Media Commons for drop-in use. Media Commons staff is available at all times to assist with setup.
Digital scans may be made to a USB storage device free of charge, while printed copies cost $0.15 per page and require the use of a TCard or guest print/copy card.


text:
See our dairy farmers' response to COVID-19 - and how you can help.
Connect With Dairy MAX
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Tom Vilsack Highlights Exports at Dairy MAX Board Meeting
Former Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack shared his expertise and commitment to the dairy industry at a recent Dairy MAX board of directors meeting. Now serving as president and CEO of the U.S. Dairy Export Council (USDEC), Vilsack provides strategic leadership and oversight of global promotion and research activities, regulatory affairs and trade policy initiatives. He works with industry leaders to develop strategies for building sales and consumer trust in U.S. dairy.
During the meeting Vilsack's presentation had a central theme that exports are a bright spot for the dairy industry. This is on track with USDEC's initiative, The Next 5%, which is a coordinated effort across the industry to build U.S. dairy export volume from about 15 percent of the milk supply to 20 percent. With 95 percent of the world's population living outside of the U.S., this effort aims to find more markets for milk in an environment of strong global demand.
An example is the innovation partnership between China's Jiangnan University and USDEC. China is a high-priority export market, and the partnership intends to present new opportunities for U.S. dairy export growth. It also encourages the development of new food products that incorporate U.S. dairy ingredients like whey, milk proteins and skim milk powder.
Vilsack highlighted people, partnerships and promotions as driving factors behind The Next 5%. Rather than a combination of commodities, this initiative is coordinated by a group of dedicated industry professionals focused on increasing demand for dairy. USDEC educates members on export markets and increases awareness of U.S. dairy through tradeshows, seminars, farm tours, product formulation and partner contract support.
Another point he made was the importance of referring to dairy as part of the food and agriculture industry. Food and agriculture account for 20 percent of the U.S. economy and 43 million jobs. Although we have global challenges like milk alternatives, the U.S. dairy industry is in a unique position to enhance our presence beyond borders to increase demand for dairy farmers. To learn more about how dairy checkoff supports export programs, click here.
By Marty McKinzie
Dairy News Tailored to Your Needs
Healthy Conversation: Bridging The Gap With Health Professionals
Virtually Sharing the Goodness of Dairy
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text:
The Mosque Is the New Balloon Boy
With less than $9,000 raised and a chaotic PR strategy, the "ground zero mosque" is nowhere close to becoming a reality.
by Asra Q. Nomani
https://www.meforum.org/islamist-watch/32511/the-mosque-is-the-new-balloon-boy
As debate rages over the "ground zero" mosque, the media has once again whipped itself into a frenzy over a story that doesn't really exist.
Without money, a nonprofit organizational structure, or a coherent PR strategy, the plan to build an Islamic center and mosque near ground zero, dubbed Park51, remains nothing more than a pipe dream. And the growing media brouhaha is a little reminiscent of last year's storm over "Balloon Boy," the Fort Collins, Colorado, child whose parents claimed he had drifted away in a helium balloon.
Among the many issues facing the Islamic center's development plan is its lack of an institutional structure, clear leadership, or money. For one thing, the effort to build the mosque isn't yet a nonprofit with 501(c)3 tax-exempt status. That's months from being cleared, according to most nonprofit experts. On its website, Park51 acknowledges that forming the nonprofit with an executive director and a 23-member board of directors is "the next step" in making the plan reality.
Related Topics: Entertainment / Media, Islamic Law (Shari'a), Lobby Groups, Moderates, Mosques / Imams receive the latest by email: subscribe to the free mef mailing list


I use the color fade tool to customize colors, however, when I try to apply a fade down effect it actually changes the color rather than fade the blended color? Is there a way around this? Should be a way to fade the intensity without changing the color?
Yep. and the blend tool is pretty sweet with rgb.
Sure hoping the new software's pixel editor will help us with this....pain in the posterior as it stands right now so please hurry with S4!


text:
Tylozygus geometrica är en insektsart som beskrevs av Victor Antoine Signoret 1854. Tylozygus geometrica ingår i släktet Tylozygus och familjen dvärgstritar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Dvärgstritar
geometrica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Company name—typed into a graphics programme—Saturn-like swoosh plonked around it. Skewer an orbiting satellite for extra good measure.
It seemed to do equally well for tech companies as it did for Dry-Cleaners and skip hirers. It may have been inspired by the Nike 'Swoosh' and there were and still are lots of those, but internet/web/tech also seemed somehow to equal SPACE, so the satellite/planet/saturn ring motif seemed to merge with the swoosh.
Needless to say, I did not want to add another one to the growing and already bloated pile of terrible logos.
With the Equinox logo I first found out exactly what an Equinox was—apart from just being an impressively sciencey-sounding word. It means: "Equal Day and Night". When the equator of the Earth and sun are in-line.
The final touch was getting the typography right. I didn't want to design a font to match the E shape, because I thought it'd look a bit silly. (Think: Heavy Metal band or surfer tattoo) So I chose a chunky, strong and pretty plain sans-serif for the 'equinox' bit. It contratsed rather than clashed with the 'E' motif because it was pretty neutral and plain. I re-shaped it quite a bit.
Now, I have to tip my hat to my boss, Gerry, who strolled over and suggested that I "merge a couple of the letters—so they don't just look like you typed them out". That proved to be the most time-consuming element to get working, but that was OK with me. I also reworked the 'i' to fit the rest of the forms.
Finally, for the tagline, I used the same font—un-adapted—and leaned it right to add a bit of movement, dynamism and contrast.
Looking at it now, many years later, It's a clean, quirky logo—with a bit of science behind it, and I still like it. Could I have left out the horizontal yellow bar that joined the 'E' to the 'e'? Maybe.