text:
Best Jokes You Know
By Tonstar17,
November 10, 2014 in Chit Chat
Why can't atheists solve exponential equations? Because they don't believe in higher powers. Sent from my SM-N910F using Tapatalk
Tonstar17 209 posts
Stephen Hawking 230 posts
son-goku5 18 posts
joyceraye 17 posts
ConsuelaBananahammock
Rick Astley will let you borrow any movie from his Pixar collection, except one. He's never gonna give you Up. I hate Russian dolls. They're so full of themselves. It's hard to explain puns to kle
I don't have a joke in particular, but funniest thing I heard was from one of my kids in kindergarten. I told kids to draw picture of their family and when I saw one girl drew her father with big gre
I was going to tell a feminist joke but my husband wouldn't let me.
My girlfriend left me because of my obsession with double negatives.
Guess she ain't never coming back.
My girlfriend left me because of my OCD.
I said fine, goodbye, and shut the door ten times, on your way out.
Nicola Sturgeon is touring Perthshire in the First Minister's chauffeur driven car.
Suddenly a cow jumps out into the road. They hit it full on and the car comes to a stop.
Nicola in her usual jaunty manner, says to the chauffeur : " You get out and check - you were driving."
The chauffeur gets out, checks and reports that the animal is dead.
"You were driving, go and tell the farmer," says Nicola, "I can't afford to be blamed for anything."
The chauffeur walks up the drive to the farmhouse and returns five hours later totally plastered, his hair ruffled and with a big grin on his face.
"My God, what happened to you?" asks Nicola.
The chauffeur replies : "When I got there, the farmer opened his best bottle of malt whisky, the wife gave me a slap up meal and the daughter made love to me."
"What on earth did you say?" asks Nicola.
"I knocked on the door and when it was answered, I said to them, I'm Nicola Sturgeon's chauffeur and I've just killed the cow".
Did you hear about the constipated mathematician?
He worked it out with a pencil.
Edited August 16, 2015 by Stephen Hawking
Hahaha. A group of protesters in front of a physics lab: "What do we want?". "Time travel" "When do we want it?". "Irrelevant." Sent from my SM-N910F using Tapatalk
An 90 year old man goes into a drug store, and hands over a prescription for Viagra.
As the pharmacist is filling the prescription, the old man asks "could you cut them into quarters?"
The pharmacist replies "a quarter of a tablet won't do anything for your sex life".
"I know" says the old man, "but it'll be enough to stop me peeing on my shoes".
Snow White was laying in bed feeling happy, then happy got out and she felt grumpy.
Angela Merkel arrives at Heathrow airport, on her way to visit David Cameron.
She's going through Passport Control.
Customs Officer: "Name?"
Angela Merkel: "Angela Merkel".
Customs Officer: "Nationality?"
Angela Merkel: "German".
Customs Officer: "Occupation?"
Angela Merkel: "No, just visiting".
There's a con trick doing the rounds, involving two gorgeous Eastern European girls.
They chat you up at the motorway service station, just before the Eurotunnel.
They climb into the back seat of your car with you, do fantastic sexual things to you, then leave, after which, you realize your wallet is missing.
I know it's true, because it happened to me last Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday.
My girlfriend asked me to buy something that would make her look sexy.
Apparently, a 12 pack of Budweiser isn't what she had in mind.
I remember just after the Costa Concordia turned over, me and my girlfriend were in bed, watching a TV report on the disaster.
The reporter said "she's laying on her side, with a gash the size of a football pitch".
I only glanced at my girlfriend, and she blew her top.
Donald Duck takes his new girlfriend to a hotel, for a romantic weekend away.
They're just settling into bed, when Donald realizes he's forgotten to bring any protection, so he nips down to the reception and asks if they have any.
The receptionist confirms they always keep condoms in stock, for the convenience of their clientele.
Taking a pack from the drawer, the receptionist asks "Should I put them on your bill?"
Donald replies "Certainly not. What kind of pervert do you think I am?"
How many male chauvinists does it take to change a light bulb?
None. That's women's work.
I've just deleted all the German entries, from the contacts list on my Cell Phone.
My phone is now Hans free.
Chiany
Did you hear about the guy whose whole left side was cut off? He's all right now.
I wondered why the baseball was getting bigger. Then it hit me.
I'm reading a book about anti-gravity. It's impossible to put down.
I wasn't originally going to get a brain transplant, but then I changed my mind.
I used to be a banker but I lost interest
I'd tell you a chemistry joke but I know I wouldn't get a reaction.
The salesman claimed the shoes were made from alligator, but I knew it was a crock.
It's not that the man did not know how to juggle, he just didn't have the balls to do it.
Did you hear about the guy who got hit in the head with a can of soda? He was lucky it was a soft drink.
Have you ever tried to eat a clock? It's very time consuming.
This isn't an actual joke, but rather an amusing true story.
A mother overheard her young son and daughter playing at being mummies and daddies.
The little girl announced that she was going to have a baby, but wasn't going to have a husband.
The little boy told her she couldn't have a baby without a husband, to which the girl asked why not?
The mother waited with baited breath, then the little boy explained "because you wouldn't have anyone to visit you in hospital".
How cute is childhood logic?
Amy Fowler
Dad walks in and theres a singer on the telly
Dad: Is that Adele
Me: Na she don't look like a PC
An optimist sees a glass half full. A pessimist sees it half empty. An engineer sees it twice as large as it needs to be. Sent from my SM-N910F using Tapatalk
The teacher asked Jimmy, "Why is your cat at school today Jimmy?" Jimmy replied crying, "Because I heard my daddy tell my mommy, 'I am going to eat that p*ssy once Jimmy leaves for school today!'" Sent from my SM-N910F using Tapatalk
https://youtu.be/74-7sNU_wJo Lunch is served. :) Sent from my SM-G928F using Tapatalk
Sheldons Spot
This is my favorite joke.
Justin Beiber.
I'm here all week folks.
walnutcowboy
Games Ambassador
This is the first time I wanted to delete someone else's Post !
Or at least walk out of the room !
Little Sammy asks his mom: "Mummy, what's impotence?" "That's like playing pick-up-sticks with cooked spaghettis."
I used to be addicted to soap. But now I'm clean. :) Q: What's the difference between America and a flash drive? A: One is USA and the other is USB. Sent from my SM-G928F using Tapatalk
What do you call it when you shoot a gun in space? A Big Bang! Sent from my SM-G928F using Tapatalk
The man who invented the USB pen drive, passed away last week.
His funeral was today.
They lowered the coffin into the grave, took it out, turned it over, and put it back in again.
A new teacher was trying to make use of her psychology courses. She started her class by saying, "Everyone who thinks they're stupid, stand up!" After a few seconds, Little Johnny stood up. The teacher said, "Do you think you're stupid, Little Johnny?" "No, ma'am, but I hate to see you standing there all by yourself!" Sent from my SM-G928F using Tapatalk
What's the difference between Americans and yogurt?
If you leave yogurt alone for 200 years, it'll grow a culture.
Cop on horse says to little girl on bike, "Did Santa get you that?" "Yes," replies the little girl. "Well tell him to put a reflector light on it next year!" and fines her $5. The little girl looks up at the cop and says, "Nice horse you've got there, did Santa bring you that?" The cop chuckles and replies, "He sure did!" "Well," says the little girl, "Next year tell Santa that the dick goes under the horse, not on top of it!" Sent from my SM-G928F using Tapatalk
Wife: "What are you doing?" Husband : Nothing. Wife : "Nothing...? You've been reading our marriage certificate for an hour." Husband : "I was looking for the expiration date." A little boy asked his father, "Daddy, how much does it cost to get married?" And the father replied, "I don't know, son, I'm still paying for it." Sent from my SM-G928F using Tapatalk
A man says to his wife, "It's our 25th wedding anniversary next week. What do you want as a gift?"
His wife replies "I want a divorce".
The man says "I wasn't intending to spend that much".
50 cent has been declared bankrupt. Apparently he is down to his last 50 cent. :) Sent from my SM-G928F using Tapatalk


text:
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Amenities: This apartment is located in a complex that contains a pool, tennis courts, and a private fitness center. Also, the house has air conditioning, which is good because it's Alabama, people. Amenties: This apartment has in-floor heating, which is pretty necessary considering you'd be living in Alaska. Amenities: Comes fully furnished and is located on four acres of land with panoramic views of the Catalinas and Rincon mountains. Amenities: Heat and hot water are included, plus the bathroom and kitchen are newly renovated.
Amenities: The apartment contains original hardwood floors and moldings AND you can use the house's stellar front porch swing. Amenities: This charming lil' bungalow has hardwood floors and tons of original details and built-ins.
Amenities: Fully renovated with stainless steel appliances and crown molding. The house ALSO has a bonus room bc you weren't impressed enough. Amenities: Off-the-grid location on 3. There's also Wi-Fi and satellite TV if you get lonely. Amenities: Brand new build with vaulted ceilings, in-apartment washer and dryers, and stainless steel appliances. The apartment complex has a pool and fitness center, covered parking, and a playground. When can we move in? Amenities: Light-filled rooms, a deck off the back, and right on one the city's major transportation lines.
Amenities: Brand new stainless steel appliances, a large, fenced-in backyard, a covered patio, and off-street parking. Amenities: Recently renovated, this house has a HUGE backyard, washer and dryer, and off-street parking. Amenities: The house includes a detached one-car garage with a space above it that you can use as a yoga studio or office or whatever. Plus it has a newly renovated bathroom and updated kitchen, and tons of newly restored woodwork throughout the house. Amenities: Newly renovated and with central air, within walking distance of tons of great local attractions.
Also, did you notice those French doors?
Amenities: Tons of sun and hardwood floors throughout. This apartment also has off-street parking to sweeten the deal. Amenities: Laundry room in the building and off-street parking. Do you like ceiling fans? Because this place has got 'em, too. Godspeed to anyone trying. Amenities: All original vintage woodwork and hardwood floors, free membership to fitness center, and laundry in the building. Plus, a storage unit is included in the rent. Amenities: This house has 9-foot ceilings and includes an eat-in kitchen and special features like French doors and ceiling fans.
There's also a one-car garage.
Amenities: Stainless steel appliances and granite countertops, plus a shared roof deck and complimentary internet. Amenities: This recently remodeled apartment included all-new fixtures. It has its own in-unit washer and dryer and dishwasher, and the apartment complex has its own fitness center.
Each apartment has its own washer and dryer and comes complete with walk-in closets, wood flooring, and air conditioning. Amenities: In a charming Victorian house, this apartment has wide pine floors and a walk-in closet. There's also a garden area in the yard and a washer and dryer in the common building area for tenant use. Amenities: Yo, this place comes fully furnished! Also it has heated floors and a private patio. Plus, there's hardwood floors.
Honestly it's pretty impossible to find an apartment in New York for less than a zillion dollars, let's be real. Amenities: There's a washer and dryer in the unit and off-street parking, too.
Plus, each townhome has an attached garage and the complex has its own swimming pool. Amenities: This spacious apartment has basically everything you'd ever want, including a wet bar in the living room, laundry in the unit, a carport, and a pool in the complex.
Amenities: Located in a renovated hotel, this apartment has huge windows and a doorman-controlled lobby. Amenities: The building boasts a laundry room and storage, and rent includes off-street parking. Amenities: This recently rehabbed house includes a covered porch and hardwood floors along with central air and a two-car garage. Amenities: Recently renovated, this lil' bungalow has a bonus room that can be used as an office.
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Amenities: Washer and dryer in basement, hardwood floors, and extra basement storage. Plus, pretty blue kitchen cabinets! Amenities: Sadly, the tapestries don't come with the house, but it does have a two-car garage and laundry in the unit. Amenitites: Does a crazy shingled kitchen ceiling count?
The apartment also has access to a HUGE backyard, so that's pretty cool.
Amenities: Marble countertops, a clawfoot tub, a washer and dryer in the unit, plus a huge fenced-in yard. Size: Two-bedroom, 1, sq. Neighborhood: Homewood Amenities: This apartment is located in a complex that contains a pool, tennis courts, and a private fitness center.
Size: One bedroom, sq. Neighborhood: Downtown Anchorage Amenties: This apartment has in-floor heating, which is pretty necessary considering you'd be living in Alaska. Size: One bedroom, 1, sq. Size: Three bedrooms, one bathroom, 1, sq.
Plus it's quaint AF. Neighborhood: Aurora Amenities: Pool and playground in the complex, along with on-site laundry. Neighborhood: West Hartford Amenities: Heat and hot water are included, plus the bathroom and kitchen are newly renovated.
Size: One-bedroom, two-story apartment, sq. Neighborhood: Forestville Amenities: Central air and heat, a community courtyard, and a gourmet kitchen.
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Location: Puna Amenities: Off-the-grid location on 3. Size: Two bedrooms, sq. Neighborhood: Meridian Amenities: Brand new build with vaulted ceilings, in-apartment washer and dryers, and stainless steel appliances. Size: One bedroom, one bath Neighborhood: Rogers Park Amenities: Light-filled rooms, a deck off the back, and right on one the city's major transportation lines.
Size: Three-bedroom house, 1, sq. Neighborhood: North Bloomington Amenities: Brand new stainless steel appliances, a large, fenced-in backyard, a covered patio, and off-street parking. Size: Two bedrooms, two bathrooms, 1, sq.
Size: Four bedrooms, two bathrooms, 1, sq. Size: Two bedrooms, 1, sq. Neighborhood: New Albany Amenities: The house includes a detached one-car garage with a space above it that you can use as a yoga studio or office or whatever. Size: Two bedrooms, one bathroom Neighborhood: Uptown Amenities: Newly renovated and with central air, within walking distance of tons of great local attractions. Neighborhood: West Baltimore Amenities: Laundry room in the building and off-street parking. Size: Two bedrooms plus an office Neighborhood: Grosse Pointe Park Amenities: The unit includes all appliances and has both a front and back porch.
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When people discover our profession, they either love us or hate us. As part of our academic careers, we serve as admissions officers at Ivy League schools. Everyone has strong thoughts on the subject and specific questions for us. How do we choose candidates? Do we give an edge to minority students? Is the deck stacked against a low-income white applicant?
4. To describe the relevance of SAT scores, including the mathematical formula used to determine admission "cutoffs"
For over 20 years, we have served on selection committees for Ivy League schools. We know the intricacies of the process and the fatal mistakes many applicants make. We've watched otherwise viable candidates lose their chances for admission because they didn't know how to present themselves to the committee. By sharing our perspective, we can help prospective candidates understand and optimize their admission chances.
Demonstrate your commitment to an area outside academia, such as a hobby, entrepreneurial venture, tutoring or volunteer work.


The Android 8.0 Oreo update brought many new features and enhancements to the Galaxy S8 and Galaxy S8+, but many users have also complained of poorer battery life on Oreo compared to Nougat. Reduced battery life is often a side effect of major updates, but for some Galaxy S8 and S8+ owners, battery life seems to have been affected in an unusual manner after the Oreo update: The phones have begun draining battery excessively when airplane mode is enabled.
Galaxy S8 and S8+ users have taken to the Samsung Community and other forums to complain that their phone now eats up to 20 percent battery in idle with airplane mode enabled. On Nougat, the battery drain in airplane mode for these users was around 1 to 2 percent, which is standard fare for most smartphones when all the connectivity options are disabled. European consumers seem to have been affected the most, and while Samsung's official forum moderators have said the company is aware of the issue and is looking into the matter, no fix has been offered yet.
Factory resets and cache wipes haven't helped, either, and it looks like the problem lies in the code for the phone's modem/radio. Switching to 3G/2G network mode (from Settings » Connections » Mobile networks) before switching airplane mode has been touted as a temporary solution and, of course, one can also simply use Do Not Disturb mode if they don't want to be disturbed by calls and notifications in the middle of the night.
Complaints about the excessive battery drain on airplane mode have been coming in since March, so it's high time Samsung offers a permanent solution by way of an update. Maybe the April 2018 security patch update will include a fix, and we've asked Samsung for an official statement. We'll let you know once we hear back from the company and also test one of our Galaxy S8 units in airplane mode to see if the same issue affects us.
In the meantime, you can tell us if you have been facing this issue on your Galaxy S8 after updating to Oreo by voting in the poll and leaving a comment.
Is your Galaxy S8 or S8+ facing high battery drain on airplane mode on Oreo?
My S8+ is running hot, especially when using maps to navigate. Even putting it on the charger it uses more power than it receives. It also causes the phone to run slower too. Have we heard any leaks on if Samsung is going to be fixing this anytime soon? The Note 9 release can't come fast enough if they don't plan on fixing it.
AOD and Android system are using too much battery since Oreo. On Nougat I didn't have AOD on list now it using almost 10% and Android System is using battery same as display. This is poor update. If you ask Samsung 7 months is not enough for good update.
Moi je passerais bien directement a Oreo 8″0 avec mon grand prime sm-g530w. Il semble que ce soit maintenant faisable.
I wont upgrade my S7 edge ever. Battery life has gotton really worse while I was on 6. I'm on the first version of 7. Through my life, update on android, ios, windows has taught me 1 thing. If yoy know you are on good version, don't update. Never, ever. Update once, factıry reset, use for ever. But everybody has their own opinion.
European S8 here, 0 problems. The battery lasts even a bit longer than it used to last before. I'm running AoD 24/7 as well.
Note 8 also…. phone running a bit hot and draining battery.
S7 users (like myself) with a 2 years old device (whose battery capacity might have reduced to about 70%) should read this while thinking about having this major update.
Even without airplane mode, my current 1 year old S8 (Android 8) is still draining even with or without Always on display.
s8 exynos version after oreo update the slomo videos captured lags while playing anmd having frame drops.
I hope that not happens with the S7.


The newsletter of Musei in Comune, which comes out monthly, reports developments in all the activities organised by the museum system of Roma Capitale.
Newsletter members will have 10% discount in the museum libraries (except library of the Museo Civico di Zoologia) and reduced price to the exhibitions from Tuesday to Friday after 02:00 pm.
To enjoy the offer given by the newsletter, please print it and show it to the ticket office and/or the bookshop of the Musei in Comune.
The data requested will be used exclusively within the narrow limits necessary for the functioning of the newsletter service.


text:
How to develop the visibility of your online business?
visibility of your online business
Please Leave Me Some Stars
Creating a site and getting started on the Internet may seem simple at first! However, you then have to create relevant content, to gain visibility of your online business and promote your business. Let's see how:
Any company that wants to get started on the Internet through a website, and with the help of a presence on social networks, cannot stop there if it wishes to gain visibility and by extension work on its image.
The basis: Create content to make yourself visible!
What type of content should you produce?
1. Example of a service provider who offers business creation services
2. Example of an insurer offering automobile insurance
One of the major objectives for structures present online is to gain visibility so that they can be found quickly by Internet users and by their customers (future and current). If you legitimately want to be first on Google for your keywords, you need real work of thought before writing content.
Thus all companies, whatever their nature, must produce content to gain this sought-after visibility and thus develop their online business. However, it is not about producing content to produce content as one might hear it. The articles written by a company must be the result of work, according to a strategy defined upstream and especially by considering natural referencing.
Companies regularly think that the best way to gain this visibility is to talk about oneself, its services, its products, its know-how, its expertise, etc … But this is not the case if we consider that few people know your existence. How could I find a service provider who only talks about himself and his services?
Example: A financial structure will draw up a set of issues and cut out its services to put them in a context linked to web research, for example: to distinguish between a business loan and a loan intended for individuals, and detail the different procedures, in order to be able to claim it. If it is rather a financial agent: set up a credit rate comparator. These are concrete enough examples to be better found on the net.
This is why the content to be produced must follow certain rules! Firstly according to the issues of the structures, for which we seek to make ourselves visible. But also by following the rules established by the Google search engine which remains essential to this day.
If we take a few concrete examples, we will see how it is possible to gain visibility without talking about yourself openly, or from the first lines of its content. The first thing to do is to put yourself in the user's shoes and ask the right questions for them. These questions will be expressed in the form of queries, which he will enter into Google.
Long queries: They aim to find content that responds precisely to the query. Also referred queries long tail (long tail)
Who offers the best mortgage rates?
Online credit comparison
What is the recipe for Norman apple pie?
What are the steps to take before traveling abroad?
Short queries: They aim to find quickly and fairly general information on a universe. We are talking about direct queries on a keyword or a strong keyword phrase. On the other hand, it is on these requests that it is more difficult to gain visibility when looking to position yourself because the competition is stronger.
Best web agency
Natural reference
Let us see below 2 examples, which aim for the first visibility above all, and for the second rather than the image.
This service provider will then have to concentrate on all the issues related to its activity and the questions that its future customers will ask. Let's take an example of content: Which legal status to choose? in the event that a person is looking for information on the articles of association, and what to know before starting a business.
If this service provider deals with the issues and questions posed by future business creators, he will have a better chance of being found, than if he talks about himself and the services he offers. This last part is rather in the corporate or so-called static section of the site.
Here the service provider delivers relevant information, which is systematically sought by business creators. He will thus address a set of topics related to the questions that his community and future clients are asking.
He will work on his visibility by showing regularly (we hope) the first results of Google. And if it eventually reaches the top of Google results, it will work alongside its image and can be seen and perceived as a key player in its universe.
Problem: How to promote your new insurance contract? Some will say: by putting it forward and by exposing all its advantages (never the disadvantages for that matter). However, one cannot gain the confidence of a motorist by doing so.
When looking for a good car insurance contract, the customer will rather go to comparators or to insurance recommended by a friend or relative. This is where you have to play on the image, sometimes more than on visibility. How to do it? It is always a question here of positioning oneself on the issues but by delivering useful content.
Concrete example: How to fill out an amicable report? by positioning itself on this request, a well-known insurance company will work on its image. The more it appears in the first Google results, the more it will be perceived as a company that provides services to motorists.
This is how when an Internet user looks for a new contract, he will first think of this company which helps him in the event of a problem. At the end of the content, the company can simply put a call-to-action (CTA), in order to learn about the new contract. Here too, Internet users will know where to find it easily.
A company wishing to work on its visibility, must in all cases learn to work on its content, by listing all the problems encountered by Internet users and its customers. At the same time, she will therefore have to consider a lot of SEO work to optimize her articles and try to reach the top 3 of Google search results. An objective that is acquired over the medium / long term.
Image is by extension what we are looking for next, and a brand or a company that is already known will work more on an information role with its customers and Internet users. Its objective will be to be the brand or the company we are thinking of when we want a specific product or service.
The work in this last case is almost subliminal, by acting on the unconscious. The Internet user must have the reflex to think of the mark in question if it is always present within the requests on a very precise universe.
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What difference are healthcare's machine learning innovations likely to make in the lives of patients?
What disruptions should healthcare executives prepare themselves for now?
How will the healthcare industry operate differently in 5 or 10 years into the future?
We surveyed over 50 executives of healthcare companies leveraging AI. We aimed to do the hard work of separating the companies actually applying AI from those who use it as a buzzword (over 15 of our initial survey responses were turned down due to lack of evidence of real AI in use), presenting important predictions and industry insights in clear and interactive charts and graphs.
Broad Scale AI Adoption by 2025: Over 50% of respondents believe that AI will be ubiquitous in healthcare by 2025. On an open-ended question, over 25% of respondents stated that they believe that AI will be nearly ubiquitous in healthcare setting by 2025.
Dire Need for AI Healthcare Case Studies: Nearly 50% of US companies believe that the healthcare industry "needs to be convinced further of ROI from AI / ML investments".
Decision Support Systems to Improve Patient Care Come First: "Decision support systems" was ranked as the most likely application to be improved by AI (for improving patient outcomes), with an average 4.15 score on a 1-5 scale.
Hospitals Purchase Mostly by Patient Outcomes and Financial Efficiencies: "Improving Health Outcomes" was rated as the factor of highest importance in getting a customer to buy an AI product, rated a 4.2 on a 1-5 scale. "Saving Money" was rated a close second with a 4.1 score. Most other reasons rated as significantly less meaningful in closing healthcare deals.
AI's Near-Term Focus Will be Improving Chronic Conditions: "Chronic Conditions" was listed in nearly one-half of responses when execs were asked to predict patient care improvement across ailments. Of the specific conditions mentioned under "Chronic Conditions", "Diabetes" topped the list at nearly 30% of the mentions. "Cancer" was less popular, and was listed by slightly over one-third of respondents.
We set out to make our data sets insightful and easy to explore for our business audience.
In the charts and graphs below, individual respondent "segments" (such as "Companies that Sell to Consumers", "Companies Based in the USA", "CEOs", etc.) are listed at bottom.
When these segments are clicked, they disappear or reappear on the chart. Readers who want to look at the difference between "USA" and "International" companies, can simply de-select the other segments by clicking on them, leaving only the different response scores from the "USA" and "International" segments; this makes it easy to see where the two groups diverge in their predictions.
In addition to selecting and de-selecting segments, readers can hover over specific data points in each chart to see exact numbers and percentages per segment response (this "hover-over" effect is visible in the gif above).
The above data gives a good overall picture of which kinds of executives and companies participated in this round of our machine learning in healthcare consensus research. We advise readers to hover over the different bar graph segments to learn more about each demographic element (specifically "job function" or "revenue status"). Most of the companies we surveyed are indeed still "startups", as this was the focus of the consensus. It's important to note that only a handful of large organizations could be called "pure AI-healthcare companies" in what is still an emergent field.
About 60% of the companies surveyed sell primarily to organizations and other companies, while about 40% have most of their sales efforts directed to consumers.
35% of surveyed companies with SaaS offerings (sold to organizations) are focused on improving diagnostics, including many companies with a focus on medical image analysis. Diagnostic applications represent the most popular SaaS offering from our surveyed companies, a trend that is likely to continue as the field develops.
About 24% of surveyed companies with SaaS offerings are focused on improving operational efficiency for hospitals, including applications to help with financial collections, patient scheduling, and other uses. "Operational" applications were second only to diagnostic applications in terms of popularity.
29% of straight-to-consumer apps are built for behavioral adherence (such as exercise encouragement, reminders for taking medication, etc.), which represent the most popular app use case among our respondent companies.
Only about 11% of companies polled were working on any kind of hard physical product (such as a medical device). Nearly 90% of companies were selling software and apps without no physical product.
We were surprised to see the extreme prevalence of San Francisco as a headquarter location for medical AI startups. While Emerj is based in San Francisco, we did not restrict our outreach locally. Though we did not collect reasons or motivations for establish headquarters in one location over another, the density seems to reflect both the massive prevalence of venture money in the Bay Area, as well as the increasing concentration of young startups beginning their journey in San Francisco as opposed to "the valley" (Mountain View, Palo Alto, etc).
This section of the survey was multiple-choice and allowed respondents to provide more than one answer, assuming they sell to more than one "type" of customer. Some companies selected 3-4 types of customers, while others only sell to one customer type—the most common being "Hospitals and healthcare facilities".
We wanted to determine the factors that help or hinder AI from being adopted widely in healthcare. It's interesting to note the general prevalence (at least within the United States) of the need for proven ROI for healthcare AI adoption. This section was also multiple-choice, where the "phases" of adoption were pre-defined and respondents could choose only one response option.
This graph is particularly robust and we advise readers to explore by toggling the visibility of various respondent segments. A key insight from this portion of our research is that "the need for case studies", i.e. the lack of case study literature, is perceived to be the main hindrance for AI sales in the healthcare sector. With such a new field, salespeople are starved for evidence of a strong track record of results—both in regards to healthcare efficiency and patient outcomes—which (as with any new B2B sector) presents a chicken-and-egg problem for sellers.
These answers were provided in an open-ended "paragraph" format, and they were later sorted into the discreet categories you see above. It is important to note that some companies responded with as many as three main "sales challenges," while others listed only one; others did not provide a clear enough answer to be included.
Respondents to this question had to score each of a number of designated "buying factors" on a 1-5 scale, with one representing the least likely to influence a sale and five representing a strong ability to influence a sale. We recommend looking at this data by individual segment, as there are interesting differences between USA vs international respondents, CEO vs non-CEO respondents, etc.
"Improving Health Outcomes" was rated as the factor of highest importance in getting a customer to buy an AI product, rated a 4.2 on a 1-5 scale. "Saving money" was close behind with a 4.1 score (in retrospect, "Improved Care Quality" seemed closely related to "Improving Health Outcomes" and, were we to run this survey again, we would probably aim to make these categories more distinct).
Notably, the CEOs interviewed ranked "saving money" as the most important driver of sales, while non-CEO executives and VPs considered "improving health outcomes" as significantly more important. Considering a CEO's likely consistent interactions with clients, their perspective may be more valuable and indicative of what genuinely drives sales.
"Saving time" ranked low as a consideration in closing sales for pre-revenue companies, but it was tied for most important sales factors by revenue companies (those currently making a profit). This seems to indicate that only in a real sales environment are companies realizing the huge importance in "saving time" for their desired customers.
This question was framed in an open-ended "paragraph" format, and answers were later sorted into the categories you see above. Differences between segments vary significantly in some cases.
Like the one before, this question was also framed in an open-ended "paragraph" format, with answers later sorted into the categories you see above. Many companies were unable to list a specific condition and instead gave a response relating only to their technology or to some unrelated trend. The graph above includes only those responses that related directly to a specific condition or a class of conditions that respondents believe to be bettered by the advent of AI tools in healthcare.
This portion of the survey essentially asked respondents by what date they would expect AI to be used widely across most functions of healthcare, a reality that we are admittedly far from today. This question was framed in a totally open-ended format, without data options from which to choose. Given the number of possibilities in such an open-ended question, we were surprised to see a huge confluence of responses on the year 2025.
AntWorks Healthcare Etyon Health Maxwell MRI Sensentia Inc.
Austral Biometrics Faros Healthcare Medasense Biometrics Ltd. Sentrian, Inc.
CureMetrix Insilico Medicine, Inc. Proscia Inc Whole Biome, Inc.
This study is the latest in what will be a long line of market research efforts in AI. We welcome your ideas for additional questions or topics in our future surveys. Please visit our "about" page for contact information.
Unlike other components to an enterprises' technology mix, determining the ROI of machine learning is a less-than-obvious process, particularly when solutions are new and little by way of case studies or benchmarks exist.
Machine learning offers an opportunity to leverage competition and new forms of collaboration in order to yield new products, services, and entire business models... but machine learning misconceptions run rampant.
When it comes to business applications of machine learning, marketing is always near the top of the list. Modern digital marketing offers a huge volume of quantifiable data for teams to work with, and marketing can be said to take precedent over other areas like customer service and business intelligence because of it's direct tie to driving revenue. Machine learning marketing applications are still relatively novel for most small and medium-sized business, but this may change drastically over the next five years.


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Општина Грачац је општина у југоисточној Лици, у Задарској жупанији, Република Хрватска. Сједиште општине је градић Грачац.

Географија
Општина се налази у источном дијелу Задарске жупаније. На сјеверу се граничи са Личко-сењском жупанијом, односно са општинама Ловинац, Удбина и Доњи Лапац. Западно се налази град Обровац. Источно се налази Босна и Херцеговина, а јужно је Шибенско-книнска жупанија.

Насеља
Насеља општине Грачац су:

Историја
Из општине Грачац је 1995. издвојен Ловинац у самосталну општину, док је Грачацу прикључен Срб из некадашње општине Доњи Лапац.

Становништво

По попису из 1991. године, велика предратна општина Грачац, која је обухватала данашње општине Грачац и Ловинац, имала је 10.434 становника сљедећег националног састава:
 Срби - 8.371 (80,22%)
 Хрвати - 1.697 (16,26%)
 остали, неопредијељени и непознато - 366 (3,52%)

После протјеривања Срба из Републике Српске Крајине августа 1995. године, већинско становништво су постали Хрвати (57,6%), а потом слиједе Срби (38,8%). По попису становништва из 2001. године, општина Грачац имала је 3.923 становника (Хрвати 53,9%, Срби 45,1%).

Према попису становништва из 2011. године, општина Грачац је имала 4.690 становника.

Национални састав Општине Грачац

Види још
 Лика
 Церовачке пећине

Референце

Спољашње везе

 Званични сајт Општине
 Тромеђа: Грачац

Лика
Општине у Хрватској

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Makes it more likely that a character will be able to successfully Harm another character.
"Eliot presents in The Waste Land not only London but the collective history of the city, beginning in Athens. This progression accounts for the cast of characters in the poem: Tiresias (Athems), Christ (Jerusalem), Cleopatra (Alexandria), Marie Larisch (Vienna), and Queen Elizabeth (London). His work, in other words, partakes of the archaeology of history, the superimposition of one layer of time upon another [...]"


At Anzac Terrace Primary School our school purpose is to develop the potential of students so they can maximise educational opportunities in academic, social, physical and creative skills and abilities for the promotion of self worth and independence in a positive, disciplined and friendly atmosphere.
Our major goals are to develop and provide: academic excellence; a stimulating learning environment; a high level of physical well being associated with physical fitness and being a healthy individual; an awareness and appreciation of the fundamental values of honesty, selflessness and care; individual creative expression; and to develop responsible and respected members of the community. The school community consists of many different cultural groups but nearly all students were born in Australia.
Anzac Terrace Primary School, situated at the western end of the Town of Bassendean, was established in 1969 and has subsequently received a major upgrade to the administration area, undercover area, art room, pre-primary centres and music room. It is situated within a lovely garden setting in extensive grounds with mature shade trees and plenty of play areas, including lawns and ovals, basketball and netball courts, climbing equipment and fitness tracks.
Our school has excellent facilities that cater for students from kindergarten to year 7 including: well organised and presented classrooms and cluster areas; a well resourced and presented library; an excellent computer room and computers in each classroom and cluster area; a spacious art/craft room; a well resourced music room and a soon-to-be fully enclosed undercover / assembly / activity area. The grounds and buildings provide an outstanding educational facility.
Experienced and dedicated teachers and support staff provide considerable expertise for our school through their quality learning, teaching and assessment programs, developing a strong community reputation for academic achievements, cultural developments and sporting programs. Academically, students at our school consistently perform above the WALNA state average and WA Achievement Targets in reading, writing, spelling and mathematics and they participate in learning experiences that challenge and extend all students to achieve towards their potential, including special programs such as Getting it Right Numeracy, Literacy Army, Students at Risk and Gifted and Talented students.
During 2006 Anzac Terrace Primary School continued its focus on Values as outlined in the Curriculum Framework. A common approach and language was used throughout the school and the Inquiry Approach was used to help develop Thinking and Reasoning Skills.
Culturally, our students participate enthusiastically within our art/craft specialist program, music program and drama/oral English programs. Anzac Terrace is recognised for its high quality music and visual arts programs, particularly the Junior and Senior Choirs performances - assemblies, special days, Combined School Choir, Music Festivals and Schools Make Music. Our school instrumental music program and ensemble group provide further opportunities to explore and extend musical talents.
Our Art Specialist provides a dynamic visual arts program to challenge and improve student outcomes and experiences. We work successfully with the Town of Bassendean and other Shires/Towns to participate in competitions and community awards, including all visual arts and multi media.
Night of the Arts showcases these creative learning experiences to a very appreciative audience with our students demonstrating confidence and ability during their fabulous performances and through the outstanding art / craft whole school displays and multi media shows.
Extended pastoral care is provided by our School Chaplain and the School Volunteer Program to collectively provide extra guidance and support for the social, spiritual and personal growth and development of all students. This very effective whole school approach also includes parent helpers who assist students with learning/social difficulties and the Safety House Program.
Anzac Terrace has developed strong community participation with a very active parent body, P&C Association and School Council. The P&C have recently completed air conditioning the whole school and upgrading the Early Childhood Education play area with lawns, borders and climbing equipment. This highly effective parent body continually works with school staff to plan and improve our grounds, buildings and resources to provide a healthy and safe environment for all students.
Anzac Terrace Primary School boasts many outstanding features and we consistently endeavour to maintain a healthy and safe environment that promotes teaching and learning with a high level of respect, courtesy and self esteem. Parents are supported and encouraged to take an active role with the education of their children and the school acknowledges their valuable feedback and support.


General Colin L. Powell, former U.S. Secretary of State, will drive a 2005 Chevrolet Corvette convertible pace car to lead the field to the start of the 89th running of the Indianapolis 500 on May 29, 2005. Neither Powell nor the Indianapolis Motor Speedway is a stranger to Corvette. For a record seventh time, Corvette will pace the Indianapolis 500, and Powell owns a 2005 Corvette coupe. This race will be the track debut of the sixth-generation Corvette convertible. It marks the fourth consecutive year and 16th time overall that a Chevrolet has served as the official pace vehicle-the most appearances by any brand.
The 2005 Corvette convertible pace car features a "Victory Red" paint treatment with a bright "Machine Silver Metallic" primary stripe down the center flanked by titanium and black accent stripes. The 2005 Indy 500 logo is on each door and is embroidered on the headrests while the Chevy red racing Bowtie appears at the top of the hood. The windshield also displays Chevy's "An American Revolution" slogan, and the overall theme emphasizes Chevrolet's pride and passion for innovation, its success in motorsports and the energy surrounding the launch of 10 new car and truck products in 20 months.


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Q: UICollectionView custom layout I wanted to implement a UI like the one in appstore application in iphone. The UI looks quite complex with many moving parts in it.Below, is the screenshot of the application.

The view has three rows of cells. Each of those rows contains few other view which can be scrolled. I tried to implement this first using UITableView. So, I created a custom cell and realized that I had to add scrollview to each cell. I added the scrollview but again I had to add other view on the top of the scroll view. Again, I created nib and then created views dynamically and added on the cell, but this gives really poor performance. The UI lags very often, I know it is because of instantiating the custom view and adding to the scrollview everytime.
Then, I tried to do the same thing with UICollectionView. I subclassed the UICollectionViewFlowLayout class. But, I had no clues on how to achieve this. This seems very interesting to me. If anybody could give me a clue, I would try to implement this myself. I dont think the tableview way is the good way to go but collection view could be a better solution in my opinion. I would really appreciate all those people who always try to make the world better by making other better, teaching and let people grow. ;)

A: I don't think you can do that with a collection view, but you could with 3 collection views inside a scroll view. It's hard to tell how they implemented that, but I think you could do it with three standard collection views placed one below the other in a scroll view. I don't think there would be any need to subclass UICollectionViewFlowLayout -- a single horizontal line like that is easily doable with the standard behavior.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hi I'm Amy Dawn S. and I want to expand love wherever I go.
I'm a mentor/coach, speaker, writer, energy worker, and artist.
I specialize in self love, transformation, inner voice development, soul work and creativity.
I think knowing we are not alone in this journey called life is UBER important. I've been making connection and self love badass since 2009.


text:
Q: Upgrading the Earthquake spell Whats the point of upgrading the earthquake spell.
It is going to damage walls and buildings. However It is intended to be used for breaking walls.
Level 1 earthquake spell takes 4 spells for the walls to be destroyed,
on the other hand the Level 4 earthquake spell takes 4 spells to do the same.
Strictly speaking of task of breaking walls.
dark elixir spent in the research  =  30,000 + 60,000 + 90,000  = 180,000 Dark elixir.
also considering the cost(Dark elixir) increase per spell is from 125 to 180 = 55 dark elixir.
You spend 180,000 + 55 times number of spells created of dark elixir more than you could have spent without upgrading it
So basically you are paying more amount of dark elixir for doing same amount of damage to walls.
Is there any point in upgrading the earthquake spell ?

A: Short answer: because they do more damage.
Long answer:
While it does always take 4 quake spells to destroy walls, they also do damage to other buildings. Having an upgraded quake spell will allow you to do more damage to the buildings (other than storages) that are within the radius of the spell. While this may not be a lot more damage, on some of the tougher bases, the extra damage may be the difference in getting those buildings/defenses destroyed. The other reason is that while using 4 quake spells to destroy walls is popular, it is not the only strategy that uses quake spells. Another common one is to use 1 quake spell and 2 lightning spells to destroy an air defense, and if you quake spells aren't a high enough level, the combined damage may not be enough to destroy the air defense.


Industrial Chemistry is the branch of study that is related with transformation of raw materials or resources to products. This is the exact term comes under comes under chemistry and thus each student who have this topic must understand that industrial Chemistry is not quite simple to describe. Projects, practical cases and different terms are there to go through. Thus, concentration is the prime requirement and along with that, you can also say that homework can clear your view about this. So, in case of any difficulties, you can easily take help of Industrial chemistry homework help.
Our experts know that how industrial chemistry is important and how students can easily boost up their knowledge.
What is the importance of industrial chemistry?
How these are related to chemical industry and how to make the things suitable for students through homework is very important to know about. In case you have homework and you are unable to answer in a proper way, then you must apply for our Industrial chemistry homework help.
How much responsibility is there while performing work?
It is somehow risky to take responsibility because researches are there and each research needs perfect knowledge. If you are not confident with any topic, you cannot be able to produce hundred percent suitable products for the use of human beings. Industrial chemistry homework help explains about the different ways to make your subject interesting and appropriate.
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Each student will know about the different ways to make the product perfect and thus the study needs proper care to grab the solution. These are ideas, designing and testing.
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Disneyland Paris Celebrates its 3.000.000 Facebook Likes !
Here is a really nice clip released by DLP to celebrate the 3.000.000 likes of Disneyland Paris Facebook page and the beauty of the parks! Above and below, two "wallpaper" screen captures for your desktop from this cool DLP clip.
Pictures and video: copyright Disney
Libellés : disneyland paris, Disneyland Paris video
Paramount Park UK Project Gets British Government Approval
Not only the £2 billion Paramount Park UK project is not dead but yesterday was announced that it received the government approval! Now, although the theme park plans progress everything is not done yet, but if everything works fine construction should start in 2015 or 2016 and it should open for Easter 2020. They expect 15 Million visitors per year which seems a number a bit too high for me but i suppose it is here mostly for marketing the project...
I've found for you the high-res file above of the park's model picture, so click on it as there is interesting things to see. I like the idea of what seems to be a wooden roller coaster - on the top right - running all along a big part of the park. Look also for the giant Star Trek Enterprise! Below excerpts from a Khl article:
"Plans for the £2 billion (€2.54 billion) Paramount entertainment resort at Swanscombe, Kent, have taken a step closer after initial government approval has been granted.
Project director Fenlon Dunphy, of London Resort Company Holdings, confirmed a timeline for the major UK scheme - which will create 27,000 jobs and deliver significant infrastructure upgrades during its phased four-year construction.
Developers behind the Disney-style site aim to make it the "best entertainment attraction in Europe" and believe it will deliver a range of economic benefits.
Its facilities will include a centrepiece theme park attraction linked to Paramount and based around some of the movie studio's biggest blockbuster films.
In addition, there will be a water park, sporting facilities and hotel accommodation for 5,000 visitors.
Above: the land where the park is expected to be built.
Construction tenders for the scheme will be sought from the first quarter of 2015, following initial planning acceptance for the scheme this summer.
Mr Dunphy said, "Paramount resort has been accepted as a nationally important infrastructure project and we are expecting the scheme to gain full planning permission next year.
"This is very much intended as a resort rather than a day-visitor attraction. There will be the theme park, but we will also have a number of entertainment facilities including cinemas, theatre and dining around the site. There will also be a water park and a creative industries hub - which we hope will become a centre of excellence for businesses."
The director responded to concerns on the need for urgent infrastructure improvements in tandem with the site's development, highlighting the issue as a core priority for the company.
He confirmed the park would create up to 17,000 on-site jobs, bolstered by 10,000 further roles to be created in the wider economy through supply services.
The resort is expected to generate peak footfall of more than 15 million visitors a year following its planned opening in Easter, 2020.
Picture: copyright London Resort Company Holdings
Libellés : Paramount Park London, Paramount Park UK
First Teaser Trailer For Brad Bird Tomorrowland !
Disney released a first teaser trailer for Brad Bird Tomorrowland - to be released in 2015 - and if you've read my yesterday's article you know that Tomorrowland tells the story of a "Florida girl who dreams of the future while watching the launchpads of Cape Canaveral being disassembled. She goes exploring them one day and, after landing in a bit of trouble, finds herself in possession of a mysterious pin. Touching it reveals a vision of a place that may not be a different world but simply a better one." In the trailer below, you'll see exactly what happen when she's touching the "Tomorrowland" pin!
The trailer also gives us our first look to this Tomorrowland itself - picture below...
...in which seems to fly at high speed a kind of Rocketeer...
We won't learn more today but the trailer looks definitely promising!
Libellés : Brad Bird, Brad Bird Tomorrowland, tomorrowland, Tomorrowland trailer
First Look at Brad Bird Highly Awaited Secret Film "Tomorrowland"
Thanks to Entertainment Weekly we have a first look and learn more about Brad Bird highly awaited and secret film "Tomorrowland":
"A Florida girl who dreams of the future while watching the launchpads of Cape Canaveral being disassembled goes exploring one day and, after landing in a bit of trouble, finds herself in possession of a mysterious pin. Touching it reveals a vision of a place that may not be a different world but simply a better one. Then it's gone—out, out, brief candle!—and the quest to discover the real Tomorrowland begins.
"We begin our movie asking what did [the future] used to be?" Bird says. "What's good about the future and what's scary about it? And we wrestle with those things in a slightly mythical way."
A Florida girl who dreams of the future while watching the launchpads of Cape Canaveral being disassembled goes exploring one day and, after landing in a bit of trouble, finds herself in possession of a mysterious pin. Touching it reveals a vision of a place that may not be a different world but simply a better one. (You can see the concept art above.) Then it's gone—out, out, brief candle!—and the quest to discover the real Tomorrowland begins.
Go ahead, jump now to EW to learn more HERE
Libellés : Brad Bird, Brad Bird Tomorrowland, tomorrowland
Disneyland Paris Update : All About DLP Halloween Season With Pictures and Videos !
We're back today at Disneyland Paris, for the promised pictorial report on the Halloween celebration which started a few days ago, with great pics and videos thanks to Max Fan, D&M contributor and DLPWelcome webmaster. Dozens of pictures for you today as well as video thanks to which you'll see everything just like if you were there, so let's start now. But before if you were on another planet the last three days and wonder what happened this monday jump to my two previous articles HERE and HERE which will tell you everything about what's happening and the new DLP recapitalization by the WDC.
Also, i'm please to let you know that the special offer on the DLP book with a possibility to have a signed edition is extended all October, we still have a few copies in english or french edition, so don't miss the very end of this article to know how to order the book while we have signed copies.
That say, let's start by the Maleficent Disney Villains Halloween Promenade with a great float and villains characters. This short street animation allows visitors to be welcomed by the Disney villains. And the best way to be greeted is by a float worthy of its name "Dream of Power". His return is very welcome as we missed it! Ursula is moving her head and arms as well as the devil of Night on the Bald Mountain. That said, the visitor's attention remains monopolized by Maleficent in her new outfit! According to Max, this is a very good and short animation for DLP guests and the principle should be extended to all seasons.
Don't miss the video of this Villains Promenade!
In Frontierland, Jack Skellington is back, though it seems to me he is at a different location than last year, less close to Phantom Manor.
This year there if Jack still is in Frontierland all the others villains caan be meet in the Castle courtyard called "The court of Evil"! And yes, Evil welcomes us into its courtyard filled with brambles evoking the dangerous silhouette of a dragon in the mist.
Not too far, young guests can meet Stitch, too.
Fall is not only about Halloween villains but also about harvest, and what better than a cavalcade? This year a new float in the same artistic vein as the previous two was created. And it's no surprise, it fits perfectly in the parade. The choice of characters although confusing at first (Clarabelle, Horace, and the three little pigs) finally works very well with the theme, farm, harvest, Vive la Vie!
The new soundtrack announcing the cavalcade before the parade music itself is superb, but Max regrets a brutal transition to the passage of a music to another. We have two videos of it for you, shot from two different locations!
And that's it for today's DLP update! I remind you that the signed edition special offs ris extended all October and those of you who wants to order my Disneyland Paris "From Sketch to Reality" book and would like to have a signed copy dedicated specially for them - or anyone they wish - can now order one. I'll sign personally each copy that will be ordered, whether it will be a french or english edition!
And to make things even better anyone who will order the book during October will have a signed copy at the price of a non-signed copy, i.e 75€ instead of 100€ ( and additional worldwide shipping remain the same at 15€ ). Only a very few copies have been signed since this book was published 12 years ago, so for sure it'll make your copy even more "collector's".
Paypal and credit card payments are accepted, so make sure to place your order now!
You can use the Paypal buttons below for the english edition, or for the french edition. If you don't have a Paypal account you can also pay directly with your credit card with these buttons without opening a Paypal account. If it don't works please send me an email at: neverlandeditions@gmail.com
Paypal button for ENGLISH Edition :
Paypal bouton pour Edition FRANCAISE :
Don't know yet the Disneyland Paris book? Have a look at the video below or on the book website HERE.
Pictures: copyright Max Fan , DLPWelcome.
Libellés : disneyland paris, disneyland paris de l'esquisse à la création, disneyland paris from sketch to reality, DLP Halloween Season, halloween
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text:
\section{Introduction}

The adiabatic theorem is the basis of an approximation
scheme that was discovered at the dawn of quantum mechanics \cite{born}
and that has been in widespread and continuous use ever since.
Applications range from two-level systems (such as nuclei
undergoing magnetic resonance or atoms interacting resonantly with
a laser field) to quantum field theory (where a low-energy effective
theory is derived by integrating out fast, high-energy degrees of
freedom). Two decades ago, Berry uncovered the beautiful geometric
structure underlying the adiabatic approximation \cite{berry},
leading to a resurgence of interest in the subject  and to new
applications \cite{shapere, anandan}.
More recently, it has been proposed that Berry phase effects
lead to quantum phase transitions that lie outside the usual
Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm \cite{senthil}.
The adiabatic theorem is also the basis of a newly proposed
quantum computing scheme \cite{farhi}.
Considering the significance of the adiabatic approximation to
quantum physics, the discovery of an inconsistency
would be most disturbing. In a recent Letter Marzlin and Sanders
\cite{marzlin} ask whether such an inconsistency might
exist, at least for a class of Hamiltonians.
That question has been further studied by Tong {\em et al.} \cite{tong}
and subsequently commented on in Refs \cite{lidar,pati}.
The purpose of this Letter is to show that there is no inconsistency.

Refs \cite{marzlin} and \cite{tong} start with a time-dependent
Hamiltonian $h(t)$ for which it is presumed that the adiabatic
approximation is accurate. The evolution operator for $h(t)$ is
denoted by $U(t),$ the solution to
\begin{equation}
i \frac{\partial}{\partial t} U(t) = h(t) U(t),
\label{eq:uschrodinger}
\end{equation}
with $U(0) = {\cal I},$ where ${\cal I}$ is the
identity operator. Next, they
consider the dual Hamiltonian $H(t)$ for which the evolution
operator is $U^{\dagger}(t)$. Evidently
\begin{equation}
H(t) = - U^{\dagger}(t) i \frac{\partial}{\partial t} U(t) =
- U^{\dagger}(t) h(t) U(t).
\label{eq:dual}
\end{equation}
Tong {\em et al.} now formulate the putative inconsistency as follows:
First they argue that $H(t)$ satisfies the conditions for the adiabatic
theorem as well as does $h(t)$. Then they demonstrate that the
adiabatic approximation can be very inaccurate for the dual Hamiltonian.
These conflicting observations constitute the ``inconsistency''.
Marzlin and Sanders \cite{marzlin} originally formulated the
inconsistency in a different form; below we will show the equivalence of the
two formulations.

In this Letter we examine the dual Hamiltonian
$H(t)$ and find it violates well known adiabaticity conditions;
hence there is no inconsistency. The chief difficulty in determining
whether $H(t)$ satisfies adiabatic conditions is that we do not
have an explicit expression for $H(t)$ except in the special
cases where the dynamics of $h(t)$ are simple enough to allow
evaluation of $U(t)$. Nonetheless, we are able to give a general
argument that $H(t)$ violates the conditions of the adiabatic
theorem. As an illustration, we apply our general arguments
to a solvable two-level model also studied by ref \cite{tong}.
In this case it is possible to obtain the explicit form of
$H(t)$; inspection of this form is sufficient to show
immediately that $H(t)$ violates the conditions of the adiabatic
theorem, consistent with our result.

It is helpful to first review the conditions under which
the adiabatic approximation is accurate. Consider
a two-level system with the Schr\"{o}dinger equation
\begin{equation}
i \frac{\partial}{\partial t}
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
c_1 \\
c_2 \\
\end{array}
\right)
= \frac{1}{2}
\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
\omega_0 & \Omega e^{-i \omega t} \\
\Omega e^{i \omega t} & - \omega_0 \\
\end{array}
\right)
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
c_1 \\
c_2 \\
\end{array}
\right).
\label{eq:twolevel}
\end{equation}
We regard the off-diagonal terms as a perturbation and
ask when the perturbation may be neglected. Evidently,
the perturbation must be small in magnitude,
but even if
it is,
it can have a big
effect on resonance when $\omega \approx \omega_0$. This is more
transparent if we go over to the interaction picture by
writing $c_1 = a_1 \exp( - i \omega_0 t/2 )$, $c_2 = a_2
\exp( i \omega_0 t/2 )$. In the interaction picture
\begin{equation}
i \frac{\partial}{\partial t}
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
a_1 \\
a_2 \\
\end{array}
\right)
=
\frac{1}{2}
\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \Omega e^{-i(\omega - \omega_0)t} \\
\Omega e^{i (\omega - \omega_0) t} & 0 \\
\end{array}
\right)
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
a_1 \\
a_2 \\
\end{array}
\right).
\label{eq:2levelinteraction}
\end{equation}
Away from resonance the off-diagonal terms oscillate rapidly
and average to zero. Near resonance, the perturbation varies slowly
in the interaction picture and can have a big effect,
producing Rabi oscillations. The precise condition to be
off-resonance is $|\omega - \omega_0| \gg \Omega$.
For this problem, the condition can be derived
by transforming to another rotating frame via
$a_1 = b_1 \exp[ - i (\omega - \omega_0)t/2 ]$,
$a_2 = b_2 \exp[i (\omega - \omega_0)t/2 ]$. In this
frame, the Hamiltonian is time independent and equal
to $(1/2)[ (\omega - \omega_0) \sigma_z + \Omega \sigma_x ]$.
In summary, we need the perturbation to be
off-resonance ($\Omega \ll | \omega -
\omega_0 |$) for it to be truly negligible.

Now let us consider the problem of a general time dependent hamiltonian
$h(t).$ It is helpful to use a slightly different approach from the
one above, which is useful for adiabatic perturbations. To this end, we
introduce the instantaneous
eigenstates $|n(t) \rangle$ that satisfy
\begin{equation}
h(t) |n(t) \rangle = \epsilon_n(t) |n(t) \rangle.
\label{eq:instestates}
\end{equation}
We choose the phases of $|n(t) \rangle$ to satisfy
$ \langle n(t) | \partial/\partial t | n(t) \rangle = 0 $,
a convention called the parallel transport gauge \cite{anholonomy}.
We expand the state of the system
$ | \psi \rangle $ in this time-dependent basis. Thus
\begin{equation}
| \psi (t) \rangle =
\sum_{n} \phi_n (t) \exp[ - i \int_0^t d t' \varepsilon_n(t') ]
| n(t) \rangle.
\label{eq:psin}
\end{equation}
In this moving frame the time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger
equation has the form
\begin{equation}
i \frac{ \partial }{ \partial t } \phi_n (t) =
\sum_{n \neq m} A_{nm} (t)
\exp( i \int_{0}^{t} d t' [ \varepsilon_n(t') -
\varepsilon_m(t') ] ) \phi_n (t).
\label{eq:adiabaticinteraction}
\end{equation}
Here
\begin{equation}
A_{nm} (t) = -i \langle n | \frac{ \partial}{ \partial t} | m \rangle.
\label{eq:anm}
\end{equation}
The adiabatic approximation amounts to neglect of the terms
on the right hand side of eq (\ref{eq:adiabaticinteraction}).
For this to be justified, by analogy to eq (\ref{eq:2levelinteraction}),
we see that the neglected terms must be off-resonance. Roughly
the condition to be off-resonance is that the neglected terms should
{\em not} vary slowly; i.e. the terms should be small in
magnitude compared to their predominant frequency. Note that this is
somewhat different from the adiabatic condition $ |A_{nm}| \ll
| \varepsilon_n - \varepsilon_m | $ used by refs \cite{marzlin,tong}.
More precisely, if the Hamiltonian varies predominantly at a
frequency $\omega,$ and the typical spacing between instantaneous
eigenvalues is $\Delta,$ our adiabatic condition states
$| A_{nm} | \ll (\Delta - \omega)$. Alternatively, if the Hamiltonian
varies on a time scale $T$ for which $1/\Delta T\ll 1,$ and
$A_{nm}\sim 1/T,$ the correction to the adiabatic approximation is
$\sim 1/\Delta T$ which is very small. This condition is more restrictive than
neccessary, but it agrees with the intuitive expectation
that for the adiabatic approximation to apply, the Hamiltonian
must `` vary slowly''.

Sampling the literature we find that the graduate text by
Schiff \cite{schiff} gives a rather complete discussion
of the adiabatic approximation, emphasizing that the neglected
terms must be non-resonant. On the other
hand, Landau and Lifshitz \cite{landau} give the more
restrictive adiabatic condition $T \rightarrow \infty$.
Moody, Shapere and
Wilczek \cite{moody} compute non-perturbative corrections
to adiabatic evolution using $1/\Delta T$ as the small
parameter. Berry \cite{iteration} also regards $1/\Delta T$
as the adiabatic parameter and suggests that the corrections
vanish as $\exp( - \Delta T )$, also proposed by
Hwang and Pechukas \cite{hwang}. Thus it appears to be generally
accepted that it is sufficient for the Hamiltonian to be slowly
varying, but less restrictive conditions are also discussed.

For the dual Hamiltonian
$H(t),$ denote the instantaneous eigenstates $ |n(t); H \rangle$
and the eigenvalues $\varepsilon_n^H (t)$. With the  parallel
transport gauge, in the adiabatic frame
\begin{equation}
| \psi (t) \rangle = \sum_{n} \phi_n^H (t)
\exp[ - i \int_0^t d t' \varepsilon_n^H (t') ] | n(t); H \rangle.
\label{eq:Hansatz}
\end{equation}
By analogy to eq (\ref{eq:adiabaticinteraction}) the
Schr\"{o}dinger equation obeyed by the amplitudes
$\phi_n^H(t)$ is
\begin{equation}
i \frac{ \partial }{\partial t} \phi_n^H (t) =
\sum_{m \neq n} A_{nm}^H (t)
\exp( i \int_0^t d t' [\varepsilon_n^H (t') - \varepsilon_m^H (t')] )
\phi_m^H(t).
\label{eq:Hinteraction}
\end{equation}

Although, as noted above, we do not have an explicit expression for
$H(t)$, it is easy to relate the eigenstates of $H$ to those of $h$.
Evidently $U^{\dagger}(t) | n (t) \rangle$ is an eigenstate of $H(t)$
with eigenvalue $ - \varepsilon_n (t)$. Hence we write
\begin{eqnarray}
| n(t); H \rangle & = & U^{\dagger} (t) | n(t) \rangle
\exp[ - i \int_0^t d t' \varepsilon_n(t')] ;
\nonumber \\
\varepsilon_n^H (t) & = & - \varepsilon_n (t).
\label{eq:relate}
\end{eqnarray}
The phase of $|n(t); H \rangle$ has been chosen to
ensure parallel transport, $ \langle n; H | \partial_t | n; H \rangle
= 0$. To verify this, it is helpful to recall that
$i U \partial_t U^{\dagger} = - h,$
which follows from the Schr\"{o}dinger equation (\ref{eq:uschrodinger}).
Using eq (\ref{eq:relate}) and this result, one can show that
\begin{equation}
A_{nm}^H (t) = A_{nm}(t) \exp( i \int_0^t d t'
[ \varepsilon_m (t') - \varepsilon_n (t') ]).
\label{eq:arelation}
\end{equation}
Substituting eq (\ref{eq:arelation}) into eq (\ref{eq:Hinteraction}) we obtain
the final form of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation in the adiabatic frame for the
dual Hamiltonian $H(t)$,
\begin{equation}
 i \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \phi_n^H (t) =
\sum_{m \neq n} A_{nm} (t) \phi_m^H (t).
\label{eq:clearview}
\end{equation}
Eq (\ref{eq:clearview}) is
the main result of our general analysis.

Eq (\ref{eq:clearview}) shows that the terms that would be neglected in the
adiabatic approximation $A_{nm}(t)$ vary slowly. The typical
frequency of these terms is $1/T$, the same as their magnitude.
Thus $H(t)$ does not fulfil the adiabatic condition,
and using the adiabatic approximation for $H(t)$ leads to inaccurate results.

This concludes our general analysis of $H(t)$. We turn to a
solvable example. Take the two-level Hamiltonian
\begin{equation}
h(t) = - \frac{1}{2} \omega_0
\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
\cos \theta & \sin \theta e^{-i \omega t} \\
\sin \theta e^{i \omega t} & - \cos \theta \\
\end{array}
\right)
\label{eq:solvableh}
\end{equation}
Physically we can picture this as a spin $\frac{1}{2}$ particle in a magnetic
field tilted at an angle $\theta$ to the $z$-axis and rotating at a frequency
$\omega$. Essentially this model was also studied in ref \cite{tong}. The
instantaneous eigenvalues of this Hamiltonian are $ \varepsilon_{\pm} (t) =
\pm \omega_0/2$; the corresponding eigenspinors in the parallel transport
gauge are \cite{notetwo}
\begin{eqnarray}
|+(t) \rangle & = &
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\cos \frac{ \theta }{2} \\
\sin \frac{\theta}{2} e^{i \omega t} \\
\end{array}
\right)
\exp[ - i \frac{ \omega t}{2} (1 - \cos \theta)],
\nonumber \\
|-(t) \rangle & = &
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
- \sin \frac{\theta}{2} e^{- i \omega t} \\
\cos \frac{\theta}{2} \\
\end{array}
\right)
\exp[ i \frac{\omega t}{2} (1 - \cos \theta)].
\label{eq:hspinors}
\end{eqnarray}
A straightforward computation reveals that
\begin{equation}
A_{+ -} (t) =
\langle + | \partial_t | - \rangle =
\frac{ \omega }{2} \sin \theta
e^{- i \omega t \cos \theta }.
\label{eq:aplusminus}
\end{equation}

It follows from eq (\ref{eq:adiabaticinteraction}) that the
adiabatic frame
Schr\"{o}dinger equation for $h(t)$ is
\begin{equation}
i \frac{ \partial }{ \partial t }
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\phi_+ \\
\phi_- \\
\end{array}
\right) = \left(
\begin{array}{cc}
0 & A_{+-} e^{ i \omega_0 t }\\
A_{+-}^* e^{- i \omega_0 t} & 0 \\
\end{array}
\right)
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\phi_+ \\
\phi_- \\
\end{array}
\right).
\label{eq:hinteraction}
\end{equation}
Clearly for the off-diagonal term to be off-resonance,
we need $| \omega \cos \theta - \omega_0 | \gg \omega \sin \theta$.
Evidently, this condition is satisfied if $ \omega \ll \omega_0 $, {\em
i.e.}, $h(t)$ varies slowly.

It follows from eq (\ref{eq:clearview}) that the adiabatic frame
Schr\"{o}dinger equation for $H(t)$ is
\begin{equation}
i \frac{\partial}{\partial t}
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\phi_+ \\
\phi_- \\
\end{array}
\right) =
\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
0 & A_{+-}(t) \\
A_{+-}^*(t) & 0 \\
\end{array}
\right)
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\phi_+ \\
\phi_- \\
\end{array}
\right).
\label{eq:Hinteractiontwo}
\end{equation}
Clearly, for the off-diagonal term to be off-resonance
we need $ | \omega \sin \theta | \ll | \omega \cos \theta|$, a
condition met only when $\theta \ll 1$ (or $ \pi - \theta \ll 1$).

In summary we find that for $h(t)$ to be adiabatic it is sufficient
that $\omega \ll \omega_0$; but for $H(t)$ to be adiabatic we also need
$ \theta \ll 1 $. In this limit, $\theta \rightarrow 0$,
the fidelity of the adiabatic solution to $H(t)$ (the overlap of the
adiabatic and exact solutions) computed by
\cite{marzlin,tong} approaches unity, consistent with our finding.

We note that in this solvable problem it is possible to
compute $U$ and explicitly obtain
$H(t)$. This column is far too narrow to write the
entire expression, but it includes
terms that oscillate at a frequency
\begin{equation}
\nu = \sqrt{\omega_0^2 + \omega^2 + 2 \omega_0 \omega \cos \theta}.
\label{eq:nu}
\end{equation}
In the limit $\omega \ll \omega_0$, needed for the Hamiltonian $h(t)$
to be adiabatically varying, $ \nu \rightarrow \omega_0$. Thus, even
without going to to the adiabatic frame, a cursory
inspection of $H(t)$ is sufficient to show it is not slowly varying and
is unlikely to satisfy the adiabatic condition.

We briefly comment on cases where the adiabatic approximation
applies to $h(t)$ and $H(t).$ This happens when there is a parameter other than
$T$ which can be tuned to make the magnitude of the
off-diagonal term in eq (\ref{eq:clearview}) small
compared to the predominant frequency $1/T$.
However, for $h(t)$ the approximation
becomes more accurate as $T \rightarrow
\infty$ (with exponentially small corrections according to
refs \cite{moody,iteration,hwang}), whereas for for $H(t)$ the
distance from resonance is essentially independent of $T$
and is controlled by the additional parameter.
This can be seen in the example above,
where $T \rightarrow 2 \pi/\omega$
and $\theta$ is the additional parameter.

We make a few observations in passing here about the
discussion of the adiabatic conditions after Eq.(\ref{eq:anm}).
First, the effects
of $A_{nm}$ are implicitly integrated over a finite
time window. This is appropriate, since in experiments
$h(t)$ is typically varied only within a finite time
window. However, it is the discontinuity in $dh/dt$ that
causes the $\sim 1/(\Delta T)$ correction to the adiabatic
approximation for large $T;$
if all derivatives of $h(t)$ are continuous for all $t,$
it is known \cite{moody,iteration,hwang} that the correction will
be exponentially small in $T\Delta.$ Second, $\Delta$
was effectively taken to be time independent. When both
$A_{nm}$ and $\Delta$ vary sinusoidally at frequency $\omega,$
higher order resonances result when $\omega = \Delta_0/k$
for integer $k.$ This is essentially the same mechanism
that causes resonances going beyond first order
perturbation theory.

Finally we discuss the equivalence between the formulations
of refs \cite{marzlin} and \cite{tong}.
They assume that the adiabatic approximation is accurate for
$h(t):$ $U(t) \approx U_{{\rm adia}}(t)$
where
\begin{equation}
U_{{\rm adia}} (t) = \sum_{n} |n(t) \rangle \langle n(0)|
\exp \left[ - i \int_{0}^{t} d t' \varepsilon_n(t') \right]
\label{eq:uadia}
\end{equation}is the adiabatic approximation to the exact evolution
$U(t)$. Marzlin {\em et al.} \cite{marzlin} then develop an
approximation to $U^{\dagger}(t)$ that we denote $V^{\dagger}(t)$.
They approximate the dual Hamiltonian [defined by eq (\ref{eq:dual})]
as $H^{(1)}_{{\rm adia}} (t)  =  - U^{\dagger}_{{\rm adia}} (t) h(t)
U_{{\rm adia}} (t).$
They compute the evolution $V^{\dagger}(t)$ corresponding to
$H^{(1)}_{{\rm adia}}(t),$ obtaining
\begin{equation}
V^{\dagger}(t) = \sum_{n} | n(0) \rangle \langle n(0) |
\exp \left[ i \int_{0}^{t} d t' \varepsilon_n(t') \right].
\label{eq:vdagger}
\end{equation}
In contrast, Tong {\em et al.} compute a different approximation to
$U^{\dagger} (t)$ that we denote $W^{\dagger}(t)$. They work with the
exact dual Hamiltonian $H(t)$, but work out its evolution using the
adiabatic approximation. Analogy to eq (\ref{eq:uadia}) and use of
eq (\ref{eq:relate}) leads to the result
\begin{equation}
W^{\dagger}(t) = \sum_{n} U^{\dagger} (t) | n(t) \rangle \langle n(0) |.
\label{eq:wdagger}
\end{equation}
The operators $V^{\dagger}$ and $W^{\dagger}$ are different
in appearance and in the approximations that lead to them, but we will
show they are equivalent to the extent that the adiabatic
approximation $U \approx U_{{\rm adia}}$ is valid.

With this notation established we now turn to the inconsistencies.
Marzlin and Sanders \cite{marzlin} consider the identity $U U^{\dagger}
= {\cal I}$ and replace $U \rightarrow U_{{\rm adia}}$ and
$U^{\dagger} \rightarrow V^{\dagger}$ with the disastrous result that
$U U^{\dagger} \rightarrow \sum_{n} | n (t) \rangle \langle n(0) |
\neq {\cal I}.$
Tong {\em et al.} derive the same inconsistency by replacing $U^{\dagger}$
with $W^{\dagger}:$
$U U^{\dagger} \rightarrow U W^\dagger$ and using Eq.(\ref{eq:wdagger}).
The equivalence of the two approaches can be seen by starting with the
trivial identity $U^{\dagger} = U^{\dagger} U U^{\dagger}$. If on the
right hand side we replace $U^{\dagger} U U^{\dagger} \rightarrow
U^{\dagger} U_{{\rm adia}} V^{\dagger}$ we obtain $W^{\dagger}$ by
use of eqs (\ref{eq:uadia}), (\ref{eq:vdagger}) and (\ref{eq:wdagger}).
In other words, the approximation of Marzlin and Sanders
with the adiabatic approximation is equivalent to the approximation
of Tong {\em et al.}

The resolution of the inconsistencies of Refs.\cite{marzlin,tong}
is that $V^{\dagger} \approx U^{\dagger}$ and
$W^{\dagger} \approx U^{\dagger}$ are not good approximations; the
adiabatic approximation $U_{{\rm adia}} \approx U$ is not at fault.
In this Letter we have explained the failure of the approximation
$W^{\dagger} \approx U^{\dagger}$. This may also be considered a
resolution of the Marzlin and Sanders form of the inconsistency,
due to the equivalence shown above. An
alternative resolution was provided in ref \cite{marzlin} who used
the adiabatic approximation to calculate a second approximation to
the dual Hamiltonian
$H^{(2)}_{{\rm adia}} (t)  = - i U^{\dagger}_{{\rm adia}}
\partial_t U_{{\rm adia}}.$
By construction, the evolution operator corresponding to
$H^{(2)}_{{\rm adia}}(t)$ is $U^{\dagger}_{{\rm adia}}(t)$
which is indeed a good approximation to $U^{\dagger}$. Since the
trustworthy
adiabatic approximation has been used to compute both
$H^{(1)}_{{\rm adia}}(t)$ and $H^{(2)}_{{\rm adia}}(t)$
we may presume that $H^{(1)}_{{\rm adia}}(t) \approx
H^{(2)}_{{\rm adia}} (t) \approx H(t)$. This does not mean that
the three Hamiltonians will generate essentially the same evolution
since small errors can grow upon time exponentiation. Indeed
ref~\cite{marzlin} finds that $H^{(1)}_{{\rm adia}}$ and
$H^{(2)}_{{\rm adia}}$ differ by a small resonant perturbation
leading to the inference that $V^{\dagger}$ may be very different
from $U^{\dagger}_{{\rm adia}}$. Since $U^{\dagger}_{{\rm adia}}
\approx U^{\dagger}$ this may be considered to explain the
failure of the approximation $V^{\dagger} \approx U^{\dagger}.$

To summarise, we have studied the dual pair of
Hamiltonians $h(t)$ and $H(t)$ that generate time evolution
$U(t)$ and $U^{\dagger} (t)$ respectively.
Marzlin and Sanders \cite{marzlin} showed that if an adiabatic
approximation is used to compute $H(t)$ an inconsistency
results. Tong {\em et al.} \cite{tong}
showed that the same inconsistency results if the adiabatic
approximation is applied to the exact dual Hamiltonian $H(t)$.
We show that these observations are essentially equivalent.
Our main finding
is that even if $h(t)$ satisfies the conditions of the
adiabatic theorem, $H(t)$ will not (except in the trivial case when
the total change in $h(t)$ is small) because the terms
neglected in the adiabatic approximation are resonant for $H(t).$
Thus
the breakdown of
the adiabatic approximation for $H$ is not inconsistent
with the adiabatic theorem.

It is a pleasure to acknowledge helpful discussions with
Francesc Ferrer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Why Are All the Superhero Stories the Same Now?
Here's why you keep getting déjà vu.
Last month may have seen the surprisingly huge box-office success of Deadpool, but that doesn't mean we're about to enter an era of superhero-movie outliers. Deadpool broke ranks from standard comic-book storytelling to delight audiences and critics, but in its wake we're getting a flood of copycat stories from our most recognizable superheroes, most of them offering sequels or franchise expansions intended to keep the whole thing going for another decade-plus.
This goes well beyond the old superficial complaint that all comic-book stories are the same. Justice finally dawned as Batman and Superman duked it out, but in just over a month we'll face yet another clash of comic-book titans in Captain America: Civil War.
When Deadpool scored big at the box office, Guardians of the Galaxy director James Gunn praised its originality. Spectacle films, he said, "need to be unique and true voices of the filmmakers behind them. They can't just be copying what came before them." (Gunn also said that Deadpool wouldn't have been greenlit were it not for the success of Guardians, but presumably he considers that inspiration not imitation.) But the box-office success of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, which aims to build the same sweeping cinematic universe that made Marvel, suggests that the biggest superhero franchises will continue to follow each other's moves closely—and even smaller players will be getting in on the same game. Much has been made of the difference in tone between Marvel and Warner Bros., but when you take a step back, the superhero landscape looks awfully similar across all studios and platforms. Here's why you keep getting that sense of déjà vu.
The most easily identifiable trend in superhero film and television is heroes squaring off against heroes. In the case of Marvel's and DC's biggest offerings, it's right there in the title. On the TV side, we have Daredevil squaring off against Punisher in Season 2 of the Netflix series. The X-Men have been doing it for years; Michael Fassbender's Magneto and Jennifer Lawrence's Mystique have vacillated between friend and foe depending on how the wind was blowing, and in May's Apocalypse even a traditional hero like Storm will be brainwashed into working against Professor X and his gifted students.
Sure, superhero matchups are an old comic-book tradition, and CW shows had Flash vs. Arrow almost as soon as they had a Flash and an Arrow. But in the case of Marvel's and DC's big showdowns, there's an added layer of competition in play. Batman v Superman was announced way back in July 2013 as, many believe, a reaction to the slightly underwhelming performance of Man of Steel and Warner Bros.' attempt to quickly jumpstart a cross-over-friendly shared universe that could compete with the one Marvel took years and four films to build. In October 2014, Marvel announced its own bigger marquee fight: a showdown between Cap, Iron Man, and their respective teams.
So is this all part of an escalating arms race between the two biggest superhero studios? Yes and no. It's impossible for Marvel and Warner Bros. to deny that they're keeping a wary eye on each other. Remember, they jockeyed over the same May 6, 2016, release date before Warner Bros. blinked and retreated to March.
But there's a larger storytelling advantage here. One of the problems plaguing the otherwise hugely successful Marvel Cinematic Universe is the villain issue. Fantastic actors playing bad guys buried under layers of latex—think Christopher Eccleston in Thor: The Dark World, Lee Pace in Guardians of the Galaxy, Hugo Weaving in the first Captain America—are often the weakest links of any of these films. Iron Man 2 faltered by bringing in too many villains (did we learn nothing from Spider-Man 3?) and not even the combined talents of James Spader and Joss Whedon could make Ultron work. Heroes work best when they're flawed creatures who skate the edge of good and evil. That's why X-Men: First Class works so well, why Robert Redford in Winter Soldier was such a hit, and why Marvel's best villain is Tom Hiddleston's Loki.
So putting recognizable and sympathetic characters like Batman, Superman, Iron Man, Cap, Punisher, Storm, etc. in the antagonist seat makes, in theory, for a meatier, morally complex showdown. It also gives these franchises added brand recognition and saves them the trouble of introducing new villains. Doomsday (Michael Shannon, sorta) and Baron Zemo (Daniel Brühl), for example, are the real big bads of Batman v Superman and Civil War, but, if they don't want to, audiences don't really have to care about them at all. We have yet to see how the lighter X-Men and Marvel Cinematic Universes pull these heroic showdowns off (and X-Men: Apocalypse has its own fantastic actor buried under layers of latex to contend with), but the Daredevil and Batman v Superman approaches have thus far yielded a lot of punishing brutality that hasn't always landed with audiences.
So even as Batman v Superman got mixed reviews, people are excited for Gal Gadot's upcoming Wonder Woman film. Jennifer Lawrence's Mystique and Sophie Turner's Jean Grey are a huge part of Apocalypse's marketing. And though it's Jon Bernthal's Punisher who is likely to land a spin-off, a series starring scene-stealer Yung might be the wiser course if Netflix wants to keep its Defenders franchise fresh.
Courtesy of Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation.
We have yet to see the full ramifications of *Deadpool'*s astronomical box-office success—it's now the highest-grossing R-rated movie of all time at the worldwide box office—but its influence on the comic-book movie world has already been felt. Just 11 days after Twentieth Century Fox's *Deadpool'*s splashy debut, Warner Bros. announced that a special R-rated cut of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice would be available on Blu-ray, and Fox floated the idea that Wolverine 3 could also get an R-rating. Deadpool has sparked a conversation about whom these comic-book movies are for: you can call them juvenile if you prefer, but you can't say they're just for kids.
More to the point, the speed with which these announcements followed *Deadpool'*s success shows how closely these comic-book studios are watching and learning from each other. Guardians of the Galaxy director James Gunn did say that his wish was that Deadpool would usher in more individuality in the realm of comic-book films. But Zack Snyder, king of the grimdark, is already promising that his Justice League film will be "more comedic," thanks to Ezra Miller's Flash. Sounds like the Deadpool effect to me.
It's not just the headliners who are death-proof. Marvel decided to undercut Joss Whedon's favorite storytelling trick—the tragic death of a cuddly character—in order to resurrect Agent Coulson for Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. And while I appreciate that Daredevil didn't try to fake us out with Elektra's death, her resurrection means we had yet another sacrifice that didn't require any actual sacrifice.
There may yet be a permanent death on the horizon for comic-book movies. The contracts are up on the original stars of X-Men: First Class and Jennifer Lawrence's has been very clear that she won't be back for a fourth installment. Will a tragic end for Mystique help make Apocalypse a serious threat? Maybe. Then again, the X-Men franchise already has a bad track record when it comes to making deaths stick, and a shape-shifter like Mystique could easily be played by a different actress.
Reboots and resurrections are part and parcel of the comic-book world; always have been. When stories stretch across decades, the traditional story arcs need to bend to accommodate. Inconsequential villains come and go, but on the page, our heroes are supposed to endure. But as superhero film franchises break new ground stretching beyond traditional trilogies into shared universes with multiple phases, they're starting to bump up against the limits of film. Marvel promises that its building toward Thanos and a massive war. But what's a war, really, without any lasting casualties?