I love the fall. It's a great time here with fast moving storms and color. Whenever things look promising and I can get away, I'll head to my closest playground, the Columbia Gorge. It's also amazing how fast things can change in an hour near sunset.
When I first arrived and walked to the Columbia River near Beacon Rock State Park, elk tracks were along the shore, and a family of eagles was hovering over Pierce Island just to the east.
Moments later, to the west, the sun emerged again to display some amazing colors in the clouds. A strong, low, blue-gray cloud formed overhead, twisting and turning in the wind just above me.
After the display was fading, the color to the NE near Beacon Rock was developing, so I ran with my gear and tripod over slippery, moss covered stones to a better vantage point with Beacon Rock and Hamilton Mountain.
The warm colors receded and darkness approached quickly. A dead Turkey Vulture was in my path along the shore. It seemed fitting to see another cycle in nature. Clouds were still on the move, so I headed nearer to Beacon Rock. Silver Salmon were jumping as I set up the tripod and took some longer exposures of the dynamic motion as darkness approached.


text:
Le col du Cucheron est un col de France situé dans le massif de la Chartreuse, à  d'altitude. .

Il se situe entre le Grand Som à l'ouest et la Scia au sud-est.

Toponymie
« Cucheron » signifie « butte » ou « colline ».

Histoire
À la fin de l'année 218 , Hannibal Barca, en marche vers l'Italie, serait passé par le col du Cucheron, les Hurtières, Aiguebelle et Charbonnières lors de son passage des Alpes.

Cyclisme
Le col du Cucheron est franchi au total à 15 reprises par le Tour de France. Il est classé en  lors de ses trois derniers passages. Voici les coureurs qui ont franchi les premiers le col :
 1947 : Jean Robic
 1948 : Gino Bartali
 1951 : Bernard Gauthier
 1958 : Charly Gaul
 1961 : Charly Gaul
 1962 : Raymond Poulidor
 1965 : Julio Jiménez
 1968 : Roger Pingeon
 1970 : Andrés Gandarias
 1971 : Désiré Letort
 1978 : Hennie Kuiper
 1983 : Christian Jourdan
 1987 : Federico Echave
 1989 : Pedro Delgado
 1998 : Stéphane Heulot

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Col du Granier
 Col de Porte (Isère)

Liens externes

 Géologie autour du col du Cucheron

Cucheron
Cucheron
Massif de la Chartreuse
Cucheron
Cucheron
Cucheron

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Report: Universal Basic Income Is not Sustainable
Reading Time: 3 minutes by Ashwath Balakrishnan on May 8, 2019 Education, Finance, News
A study published by Public Services International has cast major doubt over the impact that a universal basic income (UBI) scheme will have on eradicating poverty and raising living standards, as reported by The Guardian on May 6, 2019. Proponents of UBI claim it well reduce poverty and the narrow the effect automation has on the jobs market.
Deserved Welfare or Unnecessary Handout?
The survey which was published in the last week has challenged claims that universal basic income can be a turning point in the fight against poverty. The research study conducted by Public Services International, a global trade union, deeply analyzed 16 different projects that have distributed cash to individuals across the socio-economic spectrum.
The study could find no evidence of that a cash distribution scheme by a central authority is sustainable – even in the short term. Due to the unsustainable nature of these schemes, there is no meaningful improvement in well-being or equality; in fact, one could argue it is cruel to give less wealthy individuals a cash boost for a short period and then never again. The essence of the study is not to point at a finger at anyone, but rather to showcase the importance of driving economic growth through mass welfare schemes and stimulus.
Schemes in India, Finland, and Kenya have claimed to have been successful in rolling out UBI with a significant impact on living standards. The schemes in India and Kenya particularly targeted very poor families in rural areas. They gave small amounts of cash to these participants and used these samples as the entire population of their survey. The problem with this is any amount of cash given to families well below the poverty line in a backward region will undoubtedly impact their lives. But the goal of UBI is to increase living standards for low-income earners – not just the bottom one percent.
Disrupting the Economy with Rapid Outflow
In a separate study by the United Nations International Labor Office (ILO) shows that UBI is too expensive to even be considered. Most countries would have to spend 20-30 percent of GDP on UBI payments to their citizens. Instead of looking at a direct outflow like UBI, governments should be focused on driving their GDP growth further.
The ILO and Public Services International studies both conclude their findings in a very similar manner. In order to fund a UBI program, a country will need to raise its revenues; this is primarily done through taxation and provision of services. When a country raises it's tax rates, it has a larger effect on those at the top of chain i.e. the wealthier sects of society.
By increasing tax revenue from wealthy people and giving it to the less fortunate, the country increases living standards for the poor while reducing income for the wealthy. In the end, these wealthy people are likely to shift their domicile to a jurisdiction with more favorable taxation laws. Within a year or two, owing to the tax rate increase, the country paying UBI will no longer be collecting nearly as much tax as they were before they increased their rates.
Moreover, it's speculated that without proper global identity metrics, lower income groups can shift their domicile to a country that pays UBI. This highlights both the financial unsustainability and the lack of global identity, which blockchain projects like uPort and Civic could solve.
All in all, the UBI prototypes we have seen thus far have not been as successful as anticipated, but there is still hope to find a viable solution that can be implemented over the long term with minimum side effects.
Binance Collaborates with Decentraland; Week Long MANA Competition Begins Today
Mitsubishi Financial Announces Blockchain Based Payment Settlement Network
CoinBase Acquires Blockchain Analytics Firm Neutrino
Hyperledger Introduces Fabric 1.4 LTS and Takes another Step towards its Fabric Networks
Andrew Yang CBDCs Crypto UBI economics poverty Public Services International technology UBI universal basic income

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The new generation Honda CR-V is designed to continue the commercial success of the model, presented for the first time in 1995. With the fourth generation was presented at the Paris exhibition in 2012, the Japanese company introduced relatively quickly and two years after the eyes of the European public the updated model.
Apart from established and minor cosmetic changes, the focus is on adding all-wheel drive and increasing horsepower of 1.600 i-DTEC, which now conquers the unofficial title of the strongest diesel in 1,600 ml.
During our first contact with the car in the nationwide presentation, he had left an excellent impression at both driving behavior and fuel consumption of the engine, and in terms of space and practicality of the car. The Honda CR-V is opposite of a very tough competition, and this category shows continuous rise in sales (at least in Europe), and number of models such as the Toyota Rav4, Ford Kuga, Nissan X-Trail, VW Tiguan, Opel Antara, Chevrolet Captiva, Kia Sportage, Hyundai ix35, Toyota RAV4 and even Fiat Freemont.
The course so far the shows that Honda's engineers have found the essential ingredients of successful recipe as a whole as a model has sold over 7.2 million. Cars, while in Europe more than 750,000 units of the same year, out whose nearly 50,000 in 2014.
Next: 2016 Aston Martin Vantage GT12 Sold Out!


L.G.R sunglasses model Luanda 23. A pair of handmade havana coloured wayfarer L.G.R designer sunglasses with acetate front and acetate sides. These beguiling full rim designer sunglasses are handmade in Italy and are ideal for men and women's glasses. It is a large-sized pair of sunglasses that can be made as prescription sunglasses with optical measurements 56x18.They come with a cool l.g.r case and a cleaning cloth.
We offer a broad range of L.G.R sunglasses from L.G.R Eyewear and you can buy L.G.R prescription sunglasses online or in person by appointment. The Luanda 23 L.G.R designer sunglasses are usually carried in stock and we offer fast shipping worldwide.
Buy L.G.R sunglasses model Luanda 23. A pair of handmade havana coloured wayfarer L.G.R designer sunglasses with acetate front and acetate sides. These beguiling full rim designer sunglasses are handmade in Italy and are ideal for men and women's glasses. It is a large-sized pair of sunglasses that can be made as prescription sunglasses with optical measurements 56x18.They come with a cool l.g.r case and a cleaning cloth.


text:
Bradford 16°c
Our Facebook feedsThe Telegraph & ArgusTelegraph & Argus SportTelegraph & Argus Camera Club
Our Twitter feeds@Bradford_TandA@TandA_SportT&A Reporters
Our Instagram feedsT&A on Instagram
Aire Valley
Foundation For Jobs
Remember When?
T&A 150
World War One - 100 Years On
T&A Camera Club
Huddersfield owner Hoyle eyes return after pancreatitis
By Sports Desk
Huddersfield Town chairman Dean Hoyle has spent 15 weeks in hospital Picture: Nick Potts/PA Wire
OWNER Dean Hoyle is "desperate" to return to work at Huddersfield after talking about his lengthy battle with pancreatitis.
Hoyle has spent 15 weeks in hospital suffering from the disease, having originally being diagnosed with gallstones in October.
Amid rumours about his health, Hoyle felt the need to clarify his condition in an open letter to fans, and hopes to be back - in some capacity - against Arsenal this weekend.
"We've tried to keep my condition out of the spotlight, but understandably it has become increasingly difficult to do so and I wanted to quash the rumours about my long-term health once and for all," he wrote.
"I'm not out of the woods just yet, but I would like to take this opportunity to thank the medical teams at St James's University Hospital in Leeds and Huddersfield Royal Infirmary for the outstanding care I have received.
"I'd also like to thank our wonderful supporters for the many cards and messages I've received; it's been totally overwhelming."
Hoyle, 51, was originally taken ill after the Premier League game against Liverpool in October and subsequently underwent a routine procedure to remove gallstones.
However he subsequently suffered both pancreatitis and an infection in his pancreas, which required the hospital care that is still continuing.
He added: "I plan to attend Saturday's game against Arsenal, all being well.
"I won't be able to take my usual seat in the directors' box as I'll need to stay indoors, but I'm still really looking forward to it."
Under Hoyle, Huddersfield have risen through the leagues to the top flight, but during his illness they have hit turbulence on the field, which in part led to the mutual decision to part company with boss David Wagner.
"I cannot wait to be back actively involved day-to-day. I'm desperate to get back to the club, but I must be realistic; this may take a few months," Hoyle said.
"For the first time in a decade, I need to put myself first as I get back to full health."
Donaldson delighted to hear some home truths with City
Riley's chance to get back in Bantams frame
City Women to start season with home date
Bantams boss keen to squeeze in more
Stand sponsorship deal extended
Garth and Sparks given new roles at City
Bantams boss runs rule over more trialists
Report: Miracle goal wins it for Bantams in Eccleshill friendly
Fleetwood boss Joey Barton charged with actual bodily harm


The Tánaiste and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Simon Coveney, T.D. today welcomed news that the Online Passport Renewals Service has received a National Adult Literacy Agency (NALA) award for "Plain English in the Digital World".
The Passport Online Renewal Service which was originally launched in March 2017, was expanded on 28 November 2018 to allow guardians to renew their children's passports online. The Passport Service received praise for clearly presenting citizens with accessible information on guardianship and the steps to complete the online process.
The expansion has led to significant time and cost savings for both citizens and the Passport Service and is part of a larger programme of reform. The expanded service has experienced significant uptake from the public, with over 13,000 applications for child passports already received in 2019.
All Irish citizens can now renew their passports online from anywhere in the world, with the cohort of adults eligible to apply through the channel also being expanded. In addition, the cost of renewing a passport online is cheaper than alternative methods and the requirement to have photographs witnessed by a member of An Garda Síochána has been removed. The ability to apply for a Passport Card for children has also been introduced.
The NALA award follows recognition at the CX Impact Awards in 2018, where the Passport Service won the "Impact in Digital" award.


text:
Impeachment will pass in the House
jrardin12
The debate "Impeachment will pass in the House" was started by jrardin12 on December 5, 2019, 9:26 am. 7 people are on the agree side of this discussion, while 3 people are on the disagree side. It looks like most of the people in this community are on the agreeing side of this statement.
historybuff posted 11 arguments, Nemiroff posted 3 arguments to the agreers part.
jrardin12 posted 15 arguments, marky posted 1 argument to the disagreers part.
historybuff, Nemiroff and 5 visitors agree.
marky and 2 visitors disagree.
Yeah, go ahead and investigate Trump. As for obstruction, as far as I remember 4 or 5 people testified. Also Trump released a transcript he didn't have to.
Conflict of Interest can be getting special favors from a vice president because his son is on the board of your company. Especially a corrupt company.
so then there is nothing wrong with investigating trump. if he has nothing to fear then he won't be affected.
... although obstructing an investigation is still a crime
it does depend on a conflict of interest. a conflict of interest in getting dirt on a rival, is extremely obvious.
It depends if there is conflict of interest or not.
dear god, that is sad. So joe biden, a man whose son may have peddled influence to make money would "compromise the country". But Trump, whose son, son in law and daughter (as well as trump personally) have all peddled influence to make money is somehow the solution to this?
Trump supporters really do tie themselves in knots to try to explain away all that nasty reality.
I agree. There is nothing wrong with investigating Hunter Biden. If he did nothing wrong then it will not affect the election. If he did wrong the we don't want Joe Biden as president because it could compromise our country.
i disagree, i don't think it was bad for Trump to have Ukraine investigate Biden.
He used his position to get Ukraine to investigate Biden. That is proven. He would directly benefit if Biden were being investigated by ukraine, that is also proven.
So what exactly do you feel hasn't been proven?
No one has proven that he used his position for personal gain.
This is just getting sad. Things like that have sent other people to prison for years. But because it's trump, you refuse to acknowledge reality.
not the words anyone would use lol.
he used the seat of the presidency for personal gain. that's what impeachment is for.
Again, not the words you would use or I would use, but it's not impeachable.
I never said it didn't. I said tweeting threats to keep witnesses from testifying is witness tampering. Saying that someone who talks about trump's crimes should be killed while trump is being investigated is witness tampering.
imagine a mob boss who is on trial saying something like that in front of a witness against him. That is how criminals threaten people. You don't say "i'll kill your family if you talk", they say things like "You know what we used to do in the old days when we were smart?". You heavily imply you will kill them without coming out and saying it.
Trump never offered or gained anything. No bribe and no attempt.
Trump went above and beyond his rights by releasing the transcript.
So he ordered them not to testify, yet they testified anyway and they still have their jobs!
Marie Yovanovitch still is working in the government last I checked. Plus how can he fire someone from being an ambassador when they have already been fired?
Well America did actually kill people who committed treason or spied. Actually it's still on the books.
The threatened the whistle blower by implying they should be killed:
"You know what we used to do in the old days when we were smart? Right? With spies and treason, right? We used to handle them a little differently than we do now."
He attacked a woman while she was testifying and implied that he could fire at will whoever he wanted. Which, since he had already ordered people not to testify, was intended to keep people from testifying.
"Everywhere Marie Yovanovitch went turned bad. She started off in Somalia, how did that go? Then fast forward to Ukraine, where the new Ukrainian President spoke unfavorably about her in my second phone call with him. It is a U.S. President's absolute right to appoint ambassadors. They call it "serving at the pleasure of the President."
Ordering people not comply with an impeachment inquiry is obstructing justice. I mean it is really straight forward. It is "a crime consisting of obstructing prosecutors, investigators, or other government officials." When he ordered people not to comply with investigators or provide documents, he obstructed justice. I don't see how you could argue against this one.
Offering to use the power of your public office in order to gain something of value for yourself constitutes bribery. When trump offered either/or a white house visit and the US aid money in exchange for slander against his political opponent, trump committed the crime of bribery.
He hasn't threatened any witnesses, he hasn't obstructed justice and he hasn't bribed anyone.
That statement makes no sense.
You don't think threatening a witness is a crime?
You don't think using the office of the president to obstruct an investigation is a crime? (it was one of the charges against nixon)
You don't think accepting a thing of value that would help in an election from a foreigner is a crime?
You don't think using the power of the president to get something of personal value (in this case slander against a political rival) is a crime?
I guarantee you all of those thing are crimes. And we know trump did all of those.
But they are not a crime. Sorry, it's your interpretation it's a crime, but it is not a crime.
I have explained to you multiple times now the minimum of 4 crimes we know for a fact he committed. I have described what they are and why we know he committed them. Repeating over and over and over, "there are no crimes" just makes you look brainwashed. You are ignoring what i am writing, you are ignoring reality.
There are no crimes.
Voting against impeachment is a HUGE risk for any democrat. They will likely get primaried and removed if they do.
What are you talking about? The transcript shows 1 crime. Trump tweeted threats to witnesses which is 2. They have announced they ordered people not testify or provide documents, that's 3.
We don't even need people to testify to know he committed multiple crimes. And we have lots of witnesses that say he committed a 4th crime too.
I bet many swing district representatives will vote against Impeachment.
There are no witnesses that say there was a crime, just presumptions of one. What about the witnesses that said there was no crime? Do we throw out their testimony?
To be clear, i meant on day 1 of the inquiry.
How could it not? We knew on day 1 trump was guilty. His transcript shows he committed 1 crime. We now have multiple whitnesses confirming crimes #2. We also have his tweets and statements as proof of obstruction of justice and witness tampering.
I don't see how he could avoid being impeached in the house.
Discuss "Impeachment will pass in the House" politics


I thought I'd share a little Campbell update with you guys. Mostly so I wont forget!! I don't know what I would do if I didn't have this blog to look back and help me remember things.
Campbell turned 13 months old on Sunday. This stage with him is so wonderful. We hang out in our bonus room for the majority of the day. It's where all of Campbell's toys are and he loves playing with his toys. Sometimes I pop out of the room for a quick minute to take care of something around the house. Campbell never even notices that I've left. One day a couple of weeks ago, I left the room and when I came back there was a stack of blocks in the middle of the room. It really tickled me! He had never stacked his blocks before and I just thought it was so cute to walk into the room to that! Now he stacks his blocks all the time. My neighbor gave me these blocks because her kids are too big for them now and I'm so glad she did. Campbell loves his blocks!
Campbell is cruising furniture like crazy now. Yesterday he stood up all by himself for a super long time. It's the first time he's really stood alone like that. I still think it will be a while before he decides he's ready to walk. I'm guessing maybe sometime in June. I barley hold onto his little hands while he walks but he's just unsure about it to try it for himself. Once he's ready to let go I think he'll just take off.
He's getting slightly more particular about his food. I used to be able to throw anything on his tray and he would eat it. Now I can't get him to eat watermelon, avocados or broccoli. He also hates milk and I probably haven't given him a sip of it in weeks. Oops! I just don't know if I'll ever be able to get him to drink it because he despises it so much. I try to compensate by giving him a lot of eggs, yogurt and cheese. Also, Campbell has become obsessed with carbs. Who can blame him?
Campbell isn't loud or rambunctious or rough. I love that he's so sweet and calm and gentle. I absolutely knew that's what his personality would be like when I was pregnant with him. I hope he's always this way. Scott and I were in a class at church and they asked us to pray for actual adjectives that we hope our child possess. Not just that we pray they're always healthy and happy but what we hope them to be. I pray that Campbell will be kind, joyful and sweet, to name a few. So far we're off to a good start.


Claire felt different as she pulled on the farm clothes Hazel had provided for her. Apart from shorts in the hot summertime she had never worn trousers before, let alone these faded jeans. The blouse felt soft against her skin though the woollen jersey tickled her arms. She pulled on some thick socks, also provided by Hazel and began to brush her hair.
Barking right outside her bathroom door made her jump in alarm. She opened the door to find not only Jiggy there barking but also one of the farm dogs. This one was a female but she didn't know its name. The dog stood back looking almost nervous as if she knew she shouldn't be inside while the little terrier continued to bark, run up the corridor and back again.
The farm dog stood up and whined.
Both dogs stopped, sat down and gazed at her with sensitive brown eyes.
"They sent you to get me. Is that right?"
Jiggy barked and ran back along the corridor again. This time, though she didn't stop but disappeared into the kitchen. The back door was wide open and icy air blew in. Claire followed Jiggy and the other dog out to the veranda. There was snow everywhere and the day clear and cold, far colder than she had ever experienced in Wellington. Both dogs ran out onto the drive and stopped between the truck tyre marks in the snow.
Both dogs barked and the farm dog sort of pawed the snow and ran along the ruts created in the snow by the truck tyres while Jiggy stayed by her but continued to bark.
"I'll get a coat." Claire gazed out but could see nothing except snow and the tyre marks disappearing around the side of the far shed. She assumed this led out to the farm.
The farm dog watched while she put on one of Hazel's jackets and found a pair of gloves. As soon as she stepped out onto the drive, the farm dog sort of yelped an acknowledgment and disappeared out of sight. Jiggy stopped barking and trotted along beside her. Behind the shed the truck marks followed a wide track that was fenced on both sides. Claire pulled her collar up and stepped out to follow the farm dog moving rapidly away in the distance.
In spite of the freezing temperature, Claire was perspiring and puffing by the time she reached a paddock where cattle were munching hay in two long lines. By the look of it, the truck tracks had turned in and come out again. Jiggy ignored the paddock, though and continued to run just ahead to where the track turned up the side of the hill.
"Oh hell," Claire gasped when she saw how steep it was. "Jiggy, slow down, will yah."
The little dog turned, ran back, around her and ahead again around the corner. Clair followed and heard something beside her. She glanced down and saw another dog. This was a larger male who had slowed its pace to trot beside her. Its tongue hung out the side of its mouth as it gazed up at her with almost pleading eyes.
"So you stayed behind until your friend arrived back, boy," she said and reached down to pat the dog's head. Unlike the females it did not bark but instead his tail wagged three or four times as he fixed her with a knowing expression his eyes.
The hill was steep and slippery. By the time Claire was half way up she was wheezing and gasping for breath. She ignored a spasm of pain under her ribs and continued on. Ahead, the track went left around a small cutting so only distant hills were visible. That was when she noticed that the tyre marks in the snow were different. The single front marks and double rear ones had become a continuous line that churned up snow and slush everywhere.
Claire stopped and gasped. The tracks went straight ahead, not around the corner beneath the cutting. She broke into a run, slipped and staggered but reached the edge and looked ahead. Half way down a steep valley she spied the truck surrounded by tossed out hay bales. It looked as if a tree branch had crashed across the cab while the tray, devoid of any hay stuck grotesquely up in the air.
"Alan! Hazel!" Claire screamed but there was no reply. Everything was deadly quiet in the frosty air and the only movement was steam was curling from the truck engine. The three dogs stood in a line beside her with their ears forward, backbone hair ridged and tails drooping.
"Is anyone there?" she screamed when she arrived and peered inside the cab.
Hazel was slumped sideways with her head back, one arm sort of dangling beside the seat and the other through the steering wheel. A pile of octagonal pieces of glass covered her and her dandling arm had blood running down from a blood stained jersey.
Claire grabbed the door handle and managed to shift it a little. However, the buckled framework stopped her pulling it further. She gazed around and a strange calmness replaced her earlier emotions. It was up to her to help. Nobody else was around so she needed to think clearly. Of course, the windscreen was broken. She could get in that way.
The fender provided a step. She ignored the steam drifting by and grabbed the window edge. She managed to get one leg up on the bonnet, grabbed the dashboard inside and heaved herself up. From there, she wriggled through the gap where the windscreen glass had once been. Hazel was right in front with her eyes closed but her chest was moving. Blood dribbled from the side of her mouth.
"I'm here, Hazel," Claire cried.
She wriggled forward but pulled back in horror. Hazel's body and legs were caught under the crumbled dashboard. Claire grabbed the twisted metal but all she managed to do was cut her bleeding fingers deeper. She could not shift a thing.
For several moments she did what she could. Luckily, Hazel appeared to be breathing okay. When she lifted her companion's head a little to place some soft seat covering beneath it like a pillow, she noticed a swollen forehead. Something must have hit Hazel's forehead. Perhaps that was why she was out cold.
One of the dogs barked and Claire swung around. About fifty yards away were a dozen or more hay bales where both farm dogs had found something.
"Alan!" Claire cried. She checked to see that Hazel was as comfortable as possible and realised how cold it was. "You'll freeze!" She grabbed the seat rug. However, it was caught under the crushed metal and could not be shifted. She wriggled back out onto the engine cover, took off her coat and crawled back inside. She moved hair off Hazel's face and tucked the coat around her.
"Sorry I can't do more," she whispered in half sobs. "I'll get help. That's a promise."


just looking at a honda gx 390 carb on ebay and it looks exactly like my preditor 420 carb, are they the same?
More or less. Some claim the original honda is better.
The carb that came on the GX390 I just got is made by Keihin. All of my years riding dirtbikes would certainly support that the quality of a Keihin is higher than a chinese copy.
Now with that being said, the chinese carb I am using on my cart is working very well. I am in no hurry to swap it out.
I got my new carburetor today so I have one for sale if your interested. Its a Vegas Carts carb. Pm me if your interested.
Boo Hoo Didn't get mine yet. Maybe monday. If not busy week again.
20 hp Honda V twin carb problems Big Block Talk!
Honda GX670 Carb Problems????? Big Block Talk!
Honda 24hp carb and linkage controls Big Block Talk!
Balance port on Honda Vtwin carb Big Block Talk!


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text:
import os
import re
import json
from argparse import ArgumentParser
from configparser import ConfigParser
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError
import logging
import socket

# TODO: move to config file
URL_IP_EXTERNAL = [
    "http://ifconfig.me/ip",
    "http://ipecho.net/plain",
    "http://myexternalip.com/raw"]

def get_external_ip(url_list, index=0):
    """ get the external IP address by querying web providers """
    try:
        response = urlopen(url_list[index], None, 3)
    except (URLError, socket.timeout) as e:
        #on error, try the next url
        ip = get_external_ip(url_list, index + 1)
    else:
        data = response.read().decode('utf-8')
        ip = re.findall(r'[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+){3}', data)[0]
    return ip

class RecordManager(object):
    """ manage (create/update) DNS records from config_file """

    def __init__(self):
        self.config = None

    def load_config(self, config_file):
        self.config = ConfigParser()
        self.config.default_section = "general"
        if os.path.isfile(config_file) and os.access(config_file, os.R_OK):
            self.config.read(config_file)

    def _get_record(self, url, headers):
        try:
            response = urlopen(Request(url, headers=headers))
        except HTTPError as e:
            # we have to handle http return codes in the 400-599 range (errors)
            return None
        if (response.getcode() != 200):
            return None
        encoding = response.info().get_content_charset('utf-8')
        return json.loads(response.read().decode(encoding))

    def update_records(self):
        ip = get_external_ip(URL_IP_EXTERNAL)
        for r in self.config.sections():
            headers = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json',
                        'X-Api-Key': self.config[r]["api_key"]}
            logging.info("Record {} ({}) for domain {}".format(self.config[r]["name"],
                                                               self.config[r]["type"],
                                                               self.config[r]["domain"]))
            url = '{}domains/{}/records/{}/{}'.format(self.config[r]["api"],
                                                      self.config[r]["domain"],
                                                      self.config[r]["name"],
                                                      self.config[r]["type"])
            data = {'rrset_ttl': self.config[r]["ttl"],
                    'rrset_values': [ip]}
            current_record = self._get_record(url, headers)
            if current_record is None:
                logging.info(" Record does not exist. Let's create it...")
                method = 'POST'
            else:
                if current_record['rrset_values'][0] == ip:
                    logging.info(" No IP change. Nothing to do...")
                    continue
                logging.info(" IP change detected. Updating...")
                method = 'PUT'
            json_data = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')
            req = Request(url, data=json_data, headers=headers, method=method)
            try:
                response = urlopen(req)
            except HTTPError as e:
                # something has gone wrong
                logging.info(" Record update failed with error code: {}".format(e.code))
                continue
            if response.getcode() != 201:
                logging.info(" Record update failed with status code: {}".format(response.getcode()))
                continue
            logging.info(" Zone record updated succesfuly")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    parser = ArgumentParser(description='Update Gandi DNS records.')
    parser.add_argument('-c', '--config-file', help="configuration file", dest='config_file', required=True)
    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', help="increase output verbosity", action='store_true')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    if args.verbose:
        logging.basicConfig(format='%(levelname)s: %(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)
    rm = RecordManager()
    rm.load_config(args.config_file)
    rm.update_records()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Former President George W. Bush, First Lady Laura Bush To Attend Joe Biden's InaugurationPresident Bush was among the first high-profile Republicans to congratulate Joe Biden on his victory after multiple media organizations projected on Nov. 7, he would win the presidency.
George W. Bush Among Former Presidents Who Say They Will Take COVID-19 Vaccine On CameraGeorge W. Bush has joined former Presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton and agreed to take a coronavirus vaccine on camera to raise confidence in its safety.
'He Developed From An Unlikely Presidential Candidate To A World Leader': Steve Kroft On 'Barack Obama: The 60 Minutes Interviews' AudiobookPresident Barack Obama was interviewed 17 times by Steve Kroft while he was at CBS News. The former 60 Minutes correspondent discusses his new audiobook featuring all his conversations with the 44th President.
'Jimmy Carter Is The Un-Trump': Jonathan Alter On Book 'His Very Best: Jimmy Carter, A Life'Jimmy Carter only served one term as President of the United States, but a new book from Jonathan Alter reveals how he had a historic impact on America.
George W. Bush Among 3 Former Presidents Attending Funeral For Congressman John LewisWhen Congressman John Lewis is mourned, revered and celebrated at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta on Thursday, there will be three former sitting U.S. presidents in attendance.
Texas Attorney General 'Disappointed' Supreme Court Rules Against Trump's Attempt To End DACATexas Attorney General Ken Paxton says he's disappointed with the Supreme Court's decision to reject Trump administration's attempt to end the DACA program.
Obamas To Headline Series Of Virtual Commencement Events For GraduatesPresident Barack Obama and Michelle Obama will participate in a number of virtual commencement events for graduating high school and college students unable to attend in-person ceremonies.
Pioneering NASA Mathematician Katherine Johnson Dies At 101Her story inspired countless young women to reach for the stars.
Portraits Of Obamas Going On 5-City US Tour, Including Texas StopThe official portraits of President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama are leaving the Smithsonian Institute and heading out on a 5-city tour that includes a stop in Texas.
Obama's High School Basketball Jersey Sells For $120,000 At Dallas AuctionA basketball jersey believed to have been worn by former President Barack Obama while he was at a Honolulu prep school has sold at a Dallas auction for $120,000.
Dallas Auction House Taking Bids For President Obama's HS Basketball JerseyTime is running out for anyone wanting to bid on a basketball jersey believed to have been worn by President Barack Obama.
Federal Court Rules Trump's Decision To End DACA Was UnlawfulThe court said the Department of Homeland Security did not "adequately account" for how ending DACA would affect hundreds of thousands of young people.
San Antonio's Julian Castro Makes It Official: He's Running For President In 2020Joined by his wife Erica and their two children, Democrat Julian Castro told supporters after serving three terms as San Antonio Mayor and HUD Secretary for President Obama, he's ready for a bigger stage.
Michelle Obama Begins Book Tour With Talk With OprahMichelle Obama began her 12-stop book tour Tuesday by sitting with Oprah Winfrey before an audience in Chicago.
Michelle Obama Had Miscarriage, Used IVF To Conceive DaughtersMichelle Obama says she felt "lost and alone" after suffering a miscarriage 20 years ago and she and Barack Obama underwent in vitro to conceive.


text:
CLARK v. ALLEN
CLARK v. ALLEN, 331 U.S. 503 (1947)
CLARK V. ALLEN(1947)
Argued: April 11, 1947Decided: June 9, 1947
331 U.S. 503 (1947) ]
[331 U.S. 503 , 505] Harry Leroy Jones, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
S. C. Masterson, of Richmond, Cal., for respondents.
Everett W. Mattoon, of Los Angeles, Cal., for the State of California, as amicus curiae by special leave of Court.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.
Alvina Wagner, a resident of California, died in 1942, leaving real and personl property situate there. By a will dated December 23, 1941, and admitted to probate in a California court in 1942, she bequeathed her entire estate to four relatives who are nationals and residents of Germany. Six heirs-at-law, residents of California, filed a petition for determination of heirship in [331 U.S. 503 , 506] the probate proceedings claiming that the German nationals were ineligible as legatees under California law. 1
There has never been a hearing on that petition. For in 1943 the Alien Property Custodian, to whose functions the Attorney General has recently succeeded,2 vested in himself all right, title and interest of the German nationals in the estate of this decedent. 3 He thereupon instituted this action in the District Court against the executor under the will and the California heirs-at-law for a determination that they have no interest in the estate and that he was entitled to the entire net estate, [331 U.S. 503 , 507] after payment of administration and other expenses. The District Court granted judgment for the Custodian on the pleadings. Crowley v. Allen, 52 F.Supp. 850. The Circuit Court of Appeals reversed holding that the District Court was without jurisdiction of the subject matter. Allen v. Markham, 9 Cir., 147 F.2d 136. The case came here on certiorari. We held that the District Court had jurisdiction of the suit and remanded the cause to the Circuit Court of Appeals for consideration of the merits. Markham v. Allen, 326 U.S. 490 . The Circuit Court of Appeals thereupon held for respondents. Allen v. Markham, 9 Cir., 156 F.2d 653. The case is here again on a petition for a writ of certiorari which we granted becuase the issues raised are of national importance.
First. Our problem starts with the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights with Germany, signed December 8, 1923, and proclaimed October 14, 1925. 44 Stat. 2132. It has different provisons governing the testamentary disposition of realty and personalty, which we will treat separately. The one pertaining to realty, contained in Article IV, reads as follows: 'Where, on the death of any person holding real or other immovable property or interests therein within the territories of one High Contracting Party, such property or interests therein wuld, by th e laws of the country or by a testamentary disposition, descend or pass to a national of the other High Contracting Party, whether resident or non- resident, were he not disqualified by the laws of the country where such property or interests therein is or are situated, such national shall be allowed a term of three years in which to sell the same, this term to be reasonably prolonged if circumstances render it necessary, and withdraw the proceeds thereof, without restraint or interference, and exempt from any succession, probate or administrative duties or charges other than [331 U.S. 503 , 508] those which may be imposed in like cases upon the nationals of the country from which such proceeds may be drawn.'
The rights secured are in terms a right to sell within a specified time plus a right to withdraw the proceeds and an exemption from discriminatory taxation. It is plain that those rights extend to the German heirs of 'any person' holding realty in the United States. And though they are not expressed in terms of ownership or the right to inherit, that is their import and meaning. Techt v. Hughes, 229 N.Y. 222, 240, 128 N.E. 185, 191, 11 A.L.R. 166; Ahrens v. Ahrens, 144 Iowa, 486, 489, 123 N.W. 164, 166, Ann.Cas.1912A, 1098. And see People ex rel. Atty. Gen. v. Gerke, 5 Cal. 381; Scharpf v. Schmidt, 172 Ill. 255, 50 N.E. 182; Colson v. Carlson, 116 Kan. 593, 227 P. 360; Goos v. Brocks, 117 Neb. 750, 223 N.W. 13.
If, therefore, the provisions of the treaty have not been superseded or abrogated they prevail over any requirements of California law which conflict with them. Hauenstein v. Lynham, 100 U.S. 483, 488 -490.
Second. The Circuit Court of Appeals concluded that these provisions of the treaty had been abrogated. It relied for that conclusion on the Trading with the Enemy Act, 40 Stat. 411, 50 U.S.C.App. 1 et seq., 50 U. S.C.A.Appendix, 1 et seq., as amended by the First War Powers Act, 55 Stat. 839, 50 U.S.C.App.Supp. 1, 5, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, 5, and the Treaty of Berlin, 42 Stat.1939.
We start from the premise that the outbreak of war does not necessarily suspend or abrogate treaty provisions. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts v. Town of New Haven, 8 Wheat. 464, 494, 495. There may of course be such an incompatibility between a particular treaty provision and the maintenance of a state of war as to make clear that it should not be enforced. Karnuth v. United States, 279 U.S. 231 . Or the Chief Executive or the Congress may have formulated a national policy quite inconsistent with [331 U.S. 503 , 509] the enforcement of a treaty in whole or in part. This was the view stated in Techt v. Hughes, supra, and we believe it to be the correct one. That case concerned the right of a resident alien enemy to inherit real property in New York. Under New York law, as it then stood, an alien enemy had no such right. The question was whether the right was granted by a reciprocal inheritance provision in a treaty with Austria which was conched in terms practically identical with those we have here. The court found nothing incompatible with national policy in permitting the resident alien enemy to have the right of inheritance granted by the treaty. Cardozo, J., speaking for the court, stated the applicable principles as follows: 'The question is not what states may do after was has supervened, and this without breach of their duty as members of the society of nations. The question is what courts are to presume that they have done. * * * President and Senate may denounce the treaty, and thus terminate its life. Congress may enact an inconsistent rule, which will control the action of the courts (Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U.S. 698 ). The treaty of peace itself may set up new relations, and terminate earlier compacts, either tacitly or expressly. * * * But until some one of these things is done, until some one of these events occurs, while war is still lagrant, a nd the will of the political departments of the government unrevealed, the courts, as I view their function, play a humbler and more cautious part. It is not for them to denounce treaties generally, en bloc. Their part it is, as one provision or another is involved in some actual controversy before them, to determine whether, alone, or by force of connection with an inseparable scheme, the provision is inconsistent with the policy or safety of the nation in the emergency of war, and hence [331 U.S. 503 , 510] presumably intended to be limited to times of peace. The mere fact that other portions of the treaty are suspended, or even abrogated, is not conclusive. The treaty does not fall in its entirety unless it has the character of an indivisible act.' 229 N.Y. at pages 242-243, 128 N.E. at page 192, 11 A.L.R. 166.
To the same effect see Goos v. Brocks, supra; State ex rel. v. Reardon, 120 Kan. 614, 245 P. 158, 47 A.L.R. 452.4
We do not think that the national policy expressed in the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended, is incompatible with the right of inheritance granted German aliens under Article IV of the treaty. It is true that since the declaration of war on December 11, 1941, 55 Stat. 796, 50 U.S.C.A. note preceding section 1, the Act see Lenoir, The Effect of War on have prohibited the entry of German nationals into this country,5 have outlawed communications or transactions of a commercial character with them,6 and have precluded the removal of money or property from this country for their use or account. 7 We assume that these provisions abrogate the parts of Article IV of the treaty dealing with the liquidation of the inheritance and the withdrawal of the proceeds, even though the Act provides that the prohibited activities and transactions may be licensed. 8 But the Act and the Executive Orders do not evince such hostility to ownership of property by alien enemies as to imply that its acquisition conflicts with the national policy. There is, indeed, tacit recognition that acquisition of property by inheritance is compatible with the [331 U.S. 503 , 511] scheme of the Act. For the custodian is expressly empowered to represent the alien enemy heir in all legal proceedings, including those incident to succession. 9 Much reliance for the contrary view is placed on the power to vest alien property in an agency of the United States. 10 But the power to vest, i.e., to take away, what may be owned or acquired does not reveal a policy at odds with the reciprocal right to inherit granted by Article IV of the treaty. For the power to vest is discretionary not mandatory. The loss of the inheritance by vesting is, therefore, not inevitable. But more important, vesting does not necessarily deprive the alien enemy of all the benefits of his inheritance. If he owes money to American creditors, the property will be applied to the payment of his debts. 11
To give the power to vest the effect which respondents urge would, indeed, prove too much. That power is not restricted to property of alien enemies. It extends to the property of nationals of any foreign country, friend or enemy. 12 Provisions comprable to that contained in Article IV of the present treaty are found in existing treaties [331 U.S. 503 , 512] with friendly nations. 13 We will not readily asume that when Congress enacted 5(b) and authorized the vesting of property, it had a purpose to abrogate all such treaty clauses. Cf. Cook v. United States, 288 U.S. 102, 120 , 311. Yet if the power to vest is inconsistent with the right of inheritance of an alien enemy, it is difficult to see why it is any less so when other aliens are involved. Finally, there is a distinction between the acquisition of property and the use thereof which 5(b) itself recognizes. That section not only grants the President the power to vest; it likewise grants him authority under the same circumstances to 'prevent or prohibit, any acquisition * * * of * * * any property in which any foreign country or a national thereof has any interest.' 5(b)(1)(B). No action has been taken to prevent or prohibit the acquisition of property by inheritance on the part of enemy aliens. The grant of express power to cut off, inter alia, the right of inheritance and the non-exercise of the power lend support to the view that the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended, did not without more suspend or abrogate Article IV of the present treaty. This conclusion squares with the general rule stated in Karnuth v. United States, 279 U.S. supra, page 237, 49 S.Ct. at page 276, that treaty provisions 'giving the right to citizens of subjects of one of the high contracting powers to continue to hold and transmit land in the territory of the other' survive the outbreak of war.
The argument based on the Treaty of Berlin is inconclusive. The Joint Resolution of July 2, 1921, 42 Stat. 105, 106, declared that property of German nationals held by the United States should be retained and no disposition made of it, except as specifically provided by law, until the German government made suitable provision for the satisfaction of claims of American nationals against it. [331 U.S. 503 , 513] Thus absolute title to the property in question became vested in the United States. Cummings v. Deutsche Bank, 300 U.S. 115 . The Treaty of Berlin accorded the United States all rights and advantages specified in the resolution. But the Treaty of 1828 with Prussia contained a provision substantially similar to Article IV of the present treaty. 8 Stat. 378, 384, art. XIV. Hence it is argued that if the Treaty of 1828 survived the outbreak of was and thus guaranteed property rights in German nationals by way of inheritance during that war, it would not have been necessary to have negotiated a new convention covering the same ground in 1923. And it is also argued that if the provision in the earlier treaty did not survive the war, it is unlikely that the same parties would intend like provisions in the later treaty to have a different effect.
The attitude of the State Department has varied. In 1918 Secretary Lansing expressed the view that such treaty provisions were not in force during the war with Germany and Austria. 14 Today the Department apparently takes the other view. 15 We have no reliable evidence of the intention of the high contracting parties outside the words of the present treaty. The attitude and conduct under earlier treaties, reflecting as they did numerous contingencies and conditions, leave no sure guide to the construction of the present treaty. Where the relevant historical source and the i nstrument itself give no plain indication that it is to become inoperative in whole or in part on the outbreak of war, we are left to determine, as Techt v. Hughes, supra, indicates, whether the provision under which rights are asserted is incompatible with national [331 U.S. 503 , 514] policy in time of war. So far as the right of inheritance of realty under Article IV of the present treaty is concerned, we find no incompatibility with national policy, for reasons already given.
It is argued, however, that the Treaty of 1923 with Germany must be held to have failed to survive the war, since Germany, as a result of its defeat and the occupation by the Allies, has ceased to exist as an independent national or international community. But the question whether a state is in a position to perform its treaty obligations is essentially a political question. Terlinden v. Ames, 184 U.S. 270, 288 , 491. We find no evidence that the political departments have considered the collapse and surrender of Germany as putting an end to such provisions of the treaty as survived the outbreak of the war or the obligation of either party in respect to them. The Allied Control Counsel has, indeed, assumed control of Germany's foreign affairs and treaty obligations16-a policy and course of conduct by the political departments wholly consistent with the maintenance and enforcement, rather than the repudiation, of pre-existing treaties.
16 The Axis in Defeat, State Dept. Pub. No. 2423, pp. 71, 72, 77.
Third. The problem of the personalty raises distinct questions. Article IV of the treaty contains the following provision pertaining to it: 'Nationals of either High Contracting Party may have full power to dispose of their personal property of every kind within the territories of the other, by testament, donation, or otherwise, and their heirs, legatees and donees, of whatsoever nationality, whether resident or non-resident, shall succeed to such personal property, and may take possession thereof, either by themselves or by others acting for them, and retain or dispose of the same at their pleasure [331 U.S. 503 , 515] subject to the payment of such duties or charges only as the nationals of the High Contracting Party within whose territories such property may be or belong shall be liable to pay in like cases.'
A practically identical provision of the Treaty of 1844 with Wurttemburg, art. III, 8 Stat. 588, 590, was before the Court in Frederickson v. State of Louisiana, 23 How. 445. In that case the testator was a citizen of the United States, his legatees being citizens and residents of Wurttemberg. Louisiana, where the testator was domiciled, levied a succession tax of 10 per cent on legatees not comiciled in the United States. The Court held that the treaty did not cover the 'case of a citizen or subject of the respective countries residing at home, and disposing of property there in favor of a citizen or subject of the other * * *' 23 How. at pages 447, 448. That decision was made in 1860. In 1917 the Court followed it in cases involving three other treaties. Petersen v. State of Iowa, 245 U.S. 170 ; Duus v. Brown, 245 U.S. 176 ; Skarderud v. Tax Commission, 245 U.S. 633 .
The construction adopted by those cases is, to say the least, permissible when the syntax of the sentences dealing with realty and personalty is considered. So far as realty is concerned, the testator includes 'any person'; and the property covered is that within the territory of either of the high contracting parties. In case of personalty, the provision governs the right of 'nationals' of either contractig party to dispose of their property within the territory of the 'other' contracting party; and it is 'such personal property' that the 'heirs, legatees and donees' are entitled to take.
Petitioner, however, presents a detailed account of the history of the clause which was not before the Court in Frederickson v. State of Louisiana, supra, and which bears out the construction that it grants the foreign heir the right to succeed to his inheritance or the proceeds thereof. But [331 U.S. 503 , 516] we do not stop to review that history. For the consistent judicial construction of the language since 1860 has given it a character which the treaty-making agencies have not seen fit to alter. And that construction is entirely consistent with the plain language of the treaty. We therefore do not deem it appropriate to change that construction at this late date, even though as an original matter the other view might have much to commend it.
We accordingly hold that Article IV of the treaty does not cover personalty located in this country and which an American citizen undertakes to leave to German nationals. We do not know from the present record the nationality of Alvina Wagner. But since the issue arises on the Government's motion for judgment on the pleadings, we proceed on the assumption less favorable to it, viz., that she was an American citizen.
Fourth. It is argued, however, that even though the provision of the treaty is inapplicable, the personalty may not be disposed of pursuant to the California statute because that statute is unconstitutional. Issues under the Fourteenth Amendment are not raised as in Terrace v. Thompson, 263 U.S. 197 . The challenge to the statute is that it is an extension of state power into the field of foreign affairs, which is exclusively reserved by the Constitution to the Federal Government. That argument is based on the fact that under the statute the right of non-resident aliens to take by succession or testamentary disposition is dependent upon the existence of a reciprocal right on the part of citizens of the United States to take personalty on the same terms and conditions as residents and citizens of the other nation. 17 The argument is that by this method California seeks to promite the right of American citizens to inherit abroad by offering to aliens [331 U.S. 503 , 517] reciprocal rights of inheritance in California. Such an offer of reciprocal arrangements is said to be a matter for settlement by the Federal Government on a nation-wide basis.
In Blythe v. Hinckley, 180 U.S. 333 , California had granted aliens an unqualified right to inherit property within its borders. The alien claimant was a citizen of Great Britain with whom the United States had no treaty providing for inheritance by aliens in this country. The argument was that a grant of rights to aliens by a State was, in absence of a treaty, a forbidden entry into foreign affairs. The court rejected the argument as being an extraordinary one. The objection to the present statute is equally far fetched.
Rights of succession to property are determined by local law. See Lyeth v. Hoey, 305 U.S. 188, 193 , 158, 119 A.L. R. 410; Irving Trust Co. v. Day, 314 U.S. 556, 562 , 401, 137 A.L.R. 1093. Those rights may be affected by an overriding federal policy, as where a treaty makes different or conflicting arrangements. Hauenstein v. lynham, supra. Then the state policy must give way. Cf. Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52 . But here there is no treaty governing the rights of succession to the personal property. Nor has California entered the forbidden domain of negotiating with a foreign country, United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp., 299 U.S. 304, 316 , 317, 219, or making a compact with it contrary to the prohibition of Article I, Section 10 of the Constitution. What California has done wil have some incidental or indirect effect in foreign countries. But that is true of many state laws which none would claim cross the forbidden line.
In summary, we hold that disposition of the realty is governed by Article IV of the treaty. Disposition of the personalty, however, is not governed by the treaty unless it is determined that Alvina Wagner was a German national. If she was an American citizen, disposition of the [331 U.S. 503 , 518] personalty is governed by California law. Whether there are other requirements of the California statute which would bar the California heirs-at-law is a question on which we intimate no opinion.
The judgment is reversed in part and affirmed in part, and the cause is remanded to the District Court for proceedings in conformity with this opinion.
So ordered.
Affirmed in part and reversed in part.
Mr. Justice RUTLEDGE (concurring in part).
I join in the Court's opinion insofar as it relates to the real estate. But, as to the personal property, I think the cause should be remanded to the District Court for determination of Alvina Wagner's nationality, without expression of opinion here upon the constitutionality of the California statute.
The decision now made on that issue, by virtue of the Court's hypothesizing that she was an American citizen, will be rendered both moot and advisory in character if it is found, as it may well be in the District Court's further proceedings, that she was a German national. This Court has consistently declined to decide constitutional questions on hypothetical presentations. Rescue Army v. Municipal Court, 331 U.S. 549 . The practice should be followed in this case, even though conceivably another appeal might be saved by indulging the presumption which the Court makes. It is more important that constitutional decisions be reserved until the issues calling for them are squarely and inescapably presented, factually as well as legally, than it is to expedite the termination of litigation or the procedural convenience of the parties.
[ Footnote 1 ] Section 259, California Probate Code, in 1942 provided: 'The rights of aliens not residing within the United States or its territories to take either real or personal property or the proceeds thereof in this State by succession or testamentary disposition, upon the same terms and conditions as residents and citizens of the United States is dependent in each case upon the existence of a reciprocal right upon the part of ditizens of the United States to take real and personal property and the proceeds thereof upon the same terms and conditions as residents and citizens of the respective countries of which such aliens are inhabitants and citizens and upon the rights of citizens of the United States to receive by payment to them within the United States or its territories money originating from the estates of persons dying within such foreign countries.'
Section 259.2 provided: 'If such reciprocal rights are not found to exist and if no heirs other than such aliens are found eligible to take such property, the property shall be disposed of as escheated property.'
The condition with respect to receipt of moneys in the United States was repealed in 1945, while this case was pending. Cal.Stats.1945, c. 1160 , 1, effective September 15, 1945. Under the original act, the non- resident aliens had the burden of establishing the fact of existence of the reciprocal rights. 259.1. By the 1945 amendment the burden of establishing the non-existence of such reciprocal right was placed on him who challenged the right of the non-resident aliens to take. Section 259.2 was repealed.
[ Footnote 2 ] Executive Order No. 9788, Oct. 14, 1946, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, 6 note, 11 Fed.Reg. 11981.
[ Footnote 3 ] Vesting Order No. 762, 8 Fed.Reg. 1252.
[ Footnote 4 ] For a recent review of the authorities see Lenior, The Effect of War on Bilateral Treaties, 34 Geo.L.J. 129.
[ Footnote 5 ] 3(b).
[ Footnote 6 ] 3(a).
[ Footnote 7 ] 7(c); 5(b), as amended; Executive Order No. 8785, 12 U.S.C.A. 95a note, 3 C.F.R.Cum.Supp. 948.
[ Footnote 9 ] Executive Order No. 9193, Par. 5, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, 6 note, 3 C.F.R.Cum.Supp. 1174, 1176.
[ Footnote 10 ] Section 5(b)(1), as amended, provides in part: 'During the time of war or during any other period of national emergency declared by the President * * * any property or interest of any foreign country or national thereof shall vest, when, as, and upon the terms, directed by the President, in such agency or person as may be disignated from time to time by the President, and upon such terms and conditions as the President may prescribe such interest or property shall be held, used, administered, liquidated, sold, or otherwise dealt with in the interest of and for the benefit of the United States, and such designated agency or person may perform any and all acts incident to the accomplishment or furtherance of these purposes * * *.'
[ Footnote 11 ] Pul.L.o.671, 79t h Cong., 2d Sess., adding 34 to the Trading with the Enemy Act, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, 34.
[ Footnote 12 ] See note 10, supra.
[ Footnote 13 ] Treaty with Great Britain, arts, I, II, March 2, 1899, 31 Stat. 1939. Treaty with Norway, art. IV, June 5, 1928, 47 Stat. 2135, 2138.
[ Footnote 14 ] U.S. Foreign Rel.; 1918 Supp. 2, p. 309 (Dept. State 1933); VI Hackworth, Digest of International Law (1943) p. 327.
[ Footnote 15 ] Letter to the Attorney General from Acting Secretary of State, Joseph C. Grew, dated May 21, 1945, commenting on the Government's position in the present litigation.
[ Footnote 17 ] See note 1, supra.


Muscle Muffin! This is better than McDonald's and #uoeno! Start your morning off right and take 15-minutes to cook yourself breakfast. MAKE TIME. Boom. TIP: use your #mealprep ingredients to make #breakfast.
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I saw an unhealthy version of this sandwich this week so I decided to recreate it. Boom.


We have no complaints for the 1991 Ford F-350. Could be a good model year!
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Now I'm sure you've read about the new release candidate for Silverlight and the alpha refresh. But don't forget that there is also an update to blend.
Many of the developer sites are quoting the RC but forgetting about blend. Now because they think that blend is a designer tool its being highlighted in the the designer channels but believe me as a developer you need blend I would not want to try to design animations in xaml. I like to see what I'm doing and pick colours and gradients not code them (unless of course that's what's required).
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text:
Бобы́лка — река в Приморском районе Санкт-Петербурга.

История
Название произошло от Бобыльской слободы — северо-восточной части посёлка Лахта.

Географические сведения
Берёт начало в Лахтинском разливе, впадает в Финский залив. Длина — около 500 метров.

Через Бобылку переброшен мост трассы Скандинавия и рядом с ним — железнодорожный мост перегона Яхтенная — Лахта.

По Бобылке проходит граница между 65 муниципальным округом и округом Лахта-Ольгино.

Реки, впадающие в Финский залив
Реки Санкт-Петербурга
Приморский район (Санкт-Петербург)


A two part of interview in which sourcingfocus.com speaks to Sander Kristel, the CIO of Staffordshire County Council about the benefits they have seen from implementing one the country's first Public Services Network.
Sander is the CIO for Staffordshire County Council and Strategic Director for the Staffordshire Connects Partnership. Sander has been responsible for developing the public sector network in Staffordshire.
Part 2 of a interview with Sander Kristel focusing on best practices and upcoming trends.


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text:
class Gws::Attendance::TimeEdit
  extend SS::Translation
  include ActiveModel::Model
  include SS::PermitParams

  attr_accessor :cur_site, :cur_user
  attr_accessor :in_hour, :in_minute, :in_reason

  permit_params :in_hour, :in_minute, :in_reason

  # validates :in_hour, numericality: { only_integer: true, greater_than_or_equal_to: 0, less_than: 24, allow_blank: true }
  validates :in_hour, numericality: { only_integer: true, allow_blank: true }
  validate :validates_in_hour
  validates :in_minute, numericality: { only_integer: true, greater_than_or_equal_to: 0, less_than: 60, allow_blank: true }
  validates :in_reason, presence: true, length: { maximum: 80 }

  class << self
    def t(*args)
      human_attribute_name(*args)
    end
  end

  def calc_time(date)
    if in_hour.blank? || in_minute.blank?
      return nil
    else
      date.beginning_of_day + Integer(in_hour).hours + Integer(in_minute).minutes
    end
  end

  private

  def validates_in_hour
    return if errors.present?
    return if in_hour.blank?

    start_hour = @cur_site.attendance_time_changed_minute / 60
    if Integer(in_hour) < start_hour
      errors.add :in_hour, :greater_than_or_equal_to, count: start_hour
    end
    if Integer(in_hour) > start_hour + 24
      errors.add :in_hour, :less_than_or_equal_to, count: start_hour + 24
    end
  end
end


Buddhism founded in North India, is not a religion but a system of philosophy and code of morality. With 6.6 million Buddhists in its manifold the country abounds in plethora of monuments and locales associated with Buddhism. " O-Bhikshus' after my death when people and members of new generation comes and ask you then tell them that here the Buddha was born, here he attained the full enlightenment , here he turned the wheel of Dharma twelve times , and here finally the Buddha entered into Parinirvana. (The Buddha). Hundreds of years have gone by, but architectural splendours, still standing resoundingly are ample testimonial of Buddhist philosophy and doctrines. It's all possible to come across with such splendours as we have for you the following tour plan.
This day you will be taken for a trip to this very heart of India. The trip will cover Qutab Minar / Humayun Tomb / India Gate / Red Fort / Jama Masjid / Gandhi Memorial etc. Overnight at hotel. Guide Map of Delhi.
Morning transfer to Airport to catch flight to Varanasi. On arrival , transfer to hotel. Afternoon city tour of Sarnath: famous for its Dhamekh Stupa and for it being the place where Buddha preached his first sermon enshrining the principle of his teachings into laws. Overnight at hotel in Varanasi. Guide Map of Agra.
.M. Proceed to Vaishali, a very special place to Buddhists as The Lord delivered his last sermon & announced his impending " Nirwana". See the majesty of Ashok Pillar – Lotus tank, Chaumukhi & proceed to Kushinagar for overnight stay. Guide Map of Bihar.


text:
Get Better Security with Plain English Passwords
By Dave Johnson
Updated on: August 15, 2011 / 2:19 PM / MoneyWatch
The debate over what constitutes a secure and smart password continues to rage on. In the past, we've told you some security experts contend that it is counter-productive to regularly change your password, and that strong, complex passwords are no better than short and simple ones. Now there's some new fuel for the fire: A phrase of easy to remember (but nonsensical) words might be better than a hard-to-remember string of letters, numbers, and symbols.
That's the thesis of a recent XKCD cartoon, which contends that:
Through 20 years of effort, we've successfully trained everyone to use passwords that are hard for humans to remember, but easy for computers to guess.
Here is the actual cartoon:
To be clear, XKCD is not making this up out of thin air, which should be obvious from the math that the cartoonist references in the strip. This assertion is based on established work, such as baekdal's blog post The Usability of Passwords.
There's a lot of math here which isn't especially interesting to anyone who doesn't geek out on conversations about informational entropy or statistical analysis. The bottom line is that a password made with, for example, four unrelated, random words (like "belong repeat right straw") is about as strong as a traditional password made from letters, numbers, and symbols, but is vastly easier to memorize, which will prevent it from being written down. Your password system doesn't allow spaces? Then insert dashes or some other symbol instead. That'll make the password even more secure.
If you are intrigued by this approach to passwords, you can use the XKCD Password Generator, which generates random but easily memorized passwords in the style of the XKCD strip.
More on BNET:
Use this Secure, Reliable Strategy for Making Unique Passwords
How Strong is Your Password?
How Easy is it to Hack Your Password? John Pozadzides Tells All
First published on August 16, 2011 / 7:00 AM
View all articles by Dave Johnson on CBS MoneyWatch »
Dave Johnson is editor of eHow Tech and author of three dozen books, including the best-selling How to Do Everything with Your Digital Camera. Dave has previously worked at Microsoft and has written about technology for a long list of magazines that include PC World and Wired.


text:
Home » Mitsubishi Chemical partners with University of Nottingham to explore microwave PMMA recycling technology
Working closely with universities to find future site leaders
Completing a plant overhaul – safely and on schedule – during the pandemic
Major plant overhauls usually take place at three yearly intervals. The 2020 overhaul at our Cassel Site in the UK was brought…
Starting strong careers with apprenticeships
A world without chemicals would look very different indeed. That's why it's so important to find and reward talented people taking their first…
Mitsubishi Chemical partners with University of Nottingham to explore microwave PMMA recycling technology
TEESSIDE, England, Sep. 14, 2021 – Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation (MCC) is working with the University of Nottingham (UoN) to explore microwave technology for recycling PMMA (acrylic).
Following agreements announced in 2020 to build a circular economy solution for the material, the new partnership with UoN will further support MCC's goal of identifying a range of complementary PMMA recycling technologies.
"As we work towards building a European recycling plant for PMMA, it is important that we consider all relevant potential technologies. We have already partnered with Agilyx Corporation to use their depolymerisation technology and we are keen to identify additional solutions that could complement the Agilyx process; microwave is one such technology" said David Smith, Circular Economy Lead, Mitsubishi Chemical Methacrylates. "Our aim is to develop the ultimate suite of recycling solutions for our customers, both in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. The partnership with UoN will help us to better understand how microwaves could help us meet this objective."
UoN is a world-leading centre for microwave research and process development. "Microwave technology offers great potential to improve the quality of recycled product and enable further options for its reuse in PMMA manufacture, and will reduce the net energy usage" said Dr. John Robinson, Associate Professor, UoN.
"Working in partnership with Mitsubishi Chemical Methacrylates, we aim to develop a microwave process that will enable the use of renewable energy sources and reduce the overall number of steps required for PMMA recycling" said Dr. Eleanor Binner, Associate Professor, UoN.
About Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
Mitsubishi Chemical Methacrylates, a division of Mitsubishi Chemical, is the global market leader in the production of MMA. For over 85 years, we have been focused on the methacrylate molecule – the building block of all acrylic materials. With operations across EMEA, APAC and the USA, our products benefit people's lives worldwide. In everything we do, we work towards the sustainable well-being of people, society and our planet Earth – we call this KAITEKI.
Learn more about Mitsubishi Chemical Methacrylates at www.mcc-methacrylates.com
About the University of Nottingham
The University of Nottingham is a research-intensive university with a proud heritage. Studying at the University of Nottingham is a life-changing experience, and we pride ourselves on unlocking the potential of our students. We have a pioneering spirit, expressed in the vision of our founder Sir Jesse Boot, which has seen us lead the way in establishing campuses in China and Malaysia – part of a globally connected network of education, research and industrial engagement. Ranked 103rd out of more than 1,000 institutions globally and 18th in the UK by the QS World University Rankings 2022, the University's state-of-the-art facilities and inclusive disability sport provision is reflected in its crowning as The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide Sports University of the Year twice in three years, most recently in 2021. We are ranked eighth for research power in the UK according to REF 2014. We have six beacons of research excellence helping to transform lives and change the world; we are also a major employer and industry partner – locally and globally. Alongside Nottingham Trent University, we lead the Universities for Nottingham initiative, a pioneering collaboration which brings together the combined strength and civic missions of Nottingham's two world-class universities and is working with local communities and partners to aid recovery and renewal following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mitsubishi Chemical University of Nottingham
Circular Economy Lead
Scott Neal
Corporate Communications Officer
Dr. John Robinson
Associate Professor, Faculty of Engineering
+44(0)115 514092
Dr. Eleanor Binner
Emma Lowry
Media Relations Manager (Engineering)
[email protected]am.ac.uk
+44(0)115 8467156


New opportunity for the investor! Great for a developer or home owner with a dream. Quarter acre city lot with 3,700+ sq. ft. historic single home on it. Property is listed on Philadelphia Register of Historic Places, Logan District. Endless possibilities in this up and coming area. This empty canvas has lots of potential. Turn it into the home of your dreams, or start planning your next investment. Sold as is, where is. New owner responsible for any and all city certs. Go and show!
213 E LOGAN ST is a house for sale in Philadelphia, PA 19144. This SQFT house sits on a 0.22 acre lot and features 1 bedrooms and 1 bathrooms. Built in 1893, this house has been on the market for a total of 7 months and is currently priced at $105,999.


text:
Actress Emma Stone accepts Best Actress for 'La La Land' onstage during the 89th Annual Academy Awards at Hollywood on February 26, 2017 in Hollywood, California. (Photo by Christopher Polk/Getty Images)
Show of support
Emma Stone made a subtle political statement at the Academy Awards
Perhaps there should be an award for most subtle yet effective red carpet political statement, because that's what actress Emma Stone pretty much pulled off on Sunday night. Some political statements at Hollywood award shows are subtle — and some are decidedly not. At the 89th annual Academy Awards, actress Emma Stone, opting for the former strategy, made a political statement while appearing on the red carpet before the show, and before she'd pick up the Best Actress award for her performance in La La Land. Did you notice it? The statement wasn't made with an overwrought speech or a jaw-dropping, slogan-emblazoned dress. Stone went with a little pin displaying her support of Planned Parenthood at a time when the organization has come under increased threat. In January, Paul Ryan vowed Congress would strip the organization of all of its federal funding. Planned Parenthood noticed Stone's show of support and posted a photo on Twitter calling attention to it.
Emma Stone looking good in a Planned Parenthood pin at the #Oscars! #IStandWithPP pic.twitter.com/FyMN1AbUAf
— Planned Parenthood (@PPIAction) February 27, 2017
The pin appeared to remain in place throughout the evening as she took to the stage to accept her best acting Oscar, and immediately afterward as she posed for photos with her statue backstage. Later in the evening, Stone dealt with the night's most talked about moment: The botched awarding of the Best Picture Oscar. She displayed a similar class and charm in that moment as well, still wearing the pin. And Stone was not the only celebrity at the Academy Awards to show political support for a cause. At least one other star was spotted wearing a Planned Parenthood pin and several others were seen wearing a blue ribbon.
Read the full story at Time.
Singer's music sales skyrocket after she wears pro-Trump dress on Grammys red carpet
Viola Davis' Best Supporting Actress Oscar puts her in rarefied acting club
Katy Perry pays tribute to Hillary Clinton at the Grammys, and Adele breaks her statue in two


text:
>Secretary of Transportation
>John A. Volpe - HFSID 308781
JOHN A. VOLPE - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 08/31/1969 - HFSID 308781
JOHN A. VOLPE As Secretary of Transportation, he appreciates a Boston couple's kindness after the death of his brother Pat. Typed Letter signed: "John" as Secretary of Transportation, 1 page, 7x9. Washington, D.C., 1969 August 31. On letterhead of the Secretary of Transportation, written to Mr.
Condition: slightly creased, slightly soiled, otherwise fine condition
JOHN A. VOLPE
As Secretary of Transportation, he appreciates a Boston couple's kindness after the death of his brother Pat.
Typed Letter signed: "John" as Secretary of Transportation, 1 page, 7x9. Washington, D.C., 1969 August 31. On letterhead of the Secretary of Transportation, written to Mr. and Mrs. Lewis H. Weinstein, Boston, Massachusetts, in full: "I deeply appreciate your message of sympathy in the loss of my brother Pat. Our friends have been a wonderful source of comfort to all of us and we are most grateful for your concern. I shall long remember your kindness. Sincerely," John Anthony Volpe (1908-1994) the son of Italian immigrants, had started his own construction firm in 1930, and during WWII, he volunteered to serve as a stateside U.S. Navy Seabees training officer. Named Massachusetts Commissioner of Public Works in 1953, Volpe became the first Federal Highway Administrator in 1956. He served as Governor of Massachusetts from 1961-1963 and 1965-1969, during which time he was President of the National Governors Association (1967-1968). Volpe was Nixon's Secretary of Transportation (1969-1973), serving in the Cabinet post during the time that Amtrak was created. Volpe was Ambassador to Italy from 1973-1977. One horizontal fold. Slightly creased. Slightly soiled at bottom margin. Otherwise, fine condition.
JOHN A. VOLPE - AUTOGRAPHED SIGNED PHOTOGRAPH WITH CO-SIGNERS - HFSID 273571
JOHN A. VOLPE - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 10/12/1973 - HFSID 26750
JOHN A. VOLPE - AUTOGRAPH - HFSID 142516
JOHN A. VOLPE - ENVELOPE SIGNED - HFSID 347530
CLARA BARTON - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 12/06 - HFSID 175767
LT. GENERAL LEONARD WOOD - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 03/24/1920 - HFSID 297332
ELLIOT L. RICHARDSON - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 04/16/1974 - HFSID 79103
TESS CARLSON - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 11/13/1934 - HFSID 49196
ANNE ROGERS (MRS. GEORGE M.) MINOR - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 05/25/1921 - HFSID 3763
ROBERT L. LEGGETT - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 05/06/1974 - HFSID 79150
RICHARD F. KNEIP - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 10/18/1973 - HFSID 273874
H. C. REED - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 02/17/1898 - HFSID 13855
EDWARD J. HART - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 03/17/1939 - HFSID 140242
WILLIE L. BROWN, JR. - TYPED LETTER SIGNED - HFSID 298654
Signatures (5)


This is probably one of the best times of year to find some great deals on underwear and swimwear around the net. We are going towards summer in Europe and US, and towards winter in Australia so stores and brands have started their seasonal offers. Check out below some of the best ones we found.


President Paul Biya affirmed in his year-end speech that all elections; presidential, senatorial, legislative and municipal would take place this year.
A week after, the elections management body, ELECAM opened revision registers on January 2, 2018; and the scribe of the party followed suit by signing a related circular. It does not only show the promptness of the Party but demonstrates the readiness to stay as the country's leading Party and intention to beat others and conserve power. It is only possible if the party has quantifiable data of newly registered militants and sympathizers of the Party, expunge transferred and deceased at each electoral unit. "The actions prescribed in this circular do not require the holding of meetings nor do they require mass work sessions. They are actually drills expected to help identify potential CPDM voters in each polling station", the circular said. Unlike other feet-dragging and election-time parties, the CPDM is always on the ground and the Party's wins are worked for assiduously. The circular is meant to help the CPDM register more militants than the opponents. Also, the Party wants to participate in moving forward the democracy of the country, led by the National President of the Party Paul Biya. "It is incumbent on the CPDM to contribute to the success of the electoral register revision process, not only to ensure its own successes, but also to improve Cameroon's electoral system".In the circular the duties and responsibilities of each body or officials is spelled out clearly, from the regional permanent delegation down to the cell. Each lower instance has a supervisory body, expected to play a coordination rule.The upcoming elections are an opportunity for the Party to regain lost territory and make incursions into the opponents' stronghold. Some areas are an easy catch for the CPDM, but swings and difficult terrains exist or would crop-up. No doubt, in the final provision of the circular hierarchy expects a final report with proposed actions for election campaign in each case.
Moreover, the issuance of identity cards, a perquisite document used for registration in Cameroon is a problem party officials need to tackle heads up. In some areas, identification posts are far off and the transport fare is too heavy for the poor. Hence, the party officials have to work out solutions.


All brick updated ranch featuring hardwood floors, neutral paint throughout, smooth ceilings, crown moulding, ceiling fans, 2" blinds & more. Kitchen is bright with light cabinets and tile floors. Stacking washer/ dryer stay. Large detached 2 car garage is wired with lights, perfect place to store your toys or use as a workshop.


text:
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    <sem:predicate>http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel</sem:predicate>
    <sem:object datatype="xsd:string" xml:lang="eng">U.S. Marine Corps</sem:object>
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text:
Q: How can I write SQL SELECT statement to convert numbers into their words Below is my table:
ENAME   SALARY
AAAA    $1254.20
GGGG    $4565
RRRR    $7889.60
WEFDSF  $0.00
XXXX    N/A

I want that salary to be display in words, for eg: 1254.20 should be displayed as one thousand two hundred fifty four dollars and twenty cents

A: Apparently there is a hack for integers using conversion to julian date: HOW TO:  Spell a number or convert a number to words
SELECT TO_CHAR (TO_DATE (1234567, 'j'), 'jsp') FROM DUAL;

You can split SALARY into integer dollars and cents and apply the hack:
Select
  TO_CHAR (TO_DATE (Dollars, 'j'), 'jsp') || ' dollars ' ||
  TO_CHAR (TO_DATE (Cents, 'j'), 'jsp') || ' cents' As Spelling
From (
  Select
    TRUNC(1254.20) As Dollars,
    (1254.20 - TRUNC(1254.20)) * 100 As Cents
  From DUAL);

Admittedly you also need to cover for single dollar / cent.
Best be done in a function.
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION spell_amount
  (srcAmnt IN NUMBER)
  RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
  Dollars INT;
  Cents INT;
  Result VARCHAR2(1000);
BEGIN
  Dollars := Trunc(srcAmnt);
  Cents := Trunc((srcAmnt - Dollars)*100);

  IF Dollars = 0 THEN
    Result := 'no dollars';
  ELSIF Dollars = 1 THEN
    Result := 'one dollar';
  ELSE
    Result := TO_CHAR (TO_DATE (Dollars, 'j'), 'jsp') || ' dollars';
  END IF;

  IF Cents = 0 THEN
    Result := Result || ' no cents';
  ELSIF Cents = 1 THEN
    Result := Result || ' one cent';
  ELSE
    Result := Result || ' ' || TO_CHAR (TO_DATE (Cents, 'j'), 'jsp') || ' cents';
  END IF;

  RETURN Result;
END spell_amount;
/

And then
Select spell_amount(132.01) From DUAL;

Some more on ORA-01854: julian date must be between 1 and 5373484 limitation of Julian date and possible solution: How To Convert Number into Words using Oracle SQL Query
And SQL Fiddle

A: Substitute 12345.15 with your column name and remove $ sign from the column before substitution.
select TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(floor(12345.15),'J'),'JSP')||'  Dollars '|| case
 when 12345.15 - FLOOR(12345.15)>0 then 'And '||TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(substr('12345.15',instr('12345.15','.')+1),'J'),'JSP') || ' Cents'
 end INWORDS
from dual;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
200 W. South St., Durand IL 61024 | Phone: 815-248-2171 | Fax: 815-248-2599
School Homepage
IgniteCX
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033
Daily Calendar of Events
Events Scores
5:00 PM BOYS V - WRESTLING Vs. Woodstock & Harvard (A) - Woodstock High School
6:00 PM GIRLS V - BASKETBALL Vs. Le-Win (H) - Durand High School


Sedimentation is the Unit operation in which the suspended solids in the water are settled with help of gravitational forces. The settled solids are scraped, collected & pushed out of the unit. The unit is called Gravity Clarifier. Basically there are two types of Sedimentations carried out in Biological treatment of Sewage/Waste water. Primary sedimentation is separation of solids before Biological treatment & secondary sedimentation/clarification is the one carried out after biological treatment.
The efficiency of the sedimentation results in a significant reduction in the discharge of BOD, COD, heavy metals etc. The bigger suspended solids (Flocs) in the effluent better are settling characteristics. Stokes' law highlights the importance of the floc size for the speed of sedimentation.
D = diameter of the particle in m.
When feeding the clarifier it is possible to facilitate the formation of large flocs by installing baffles inlet that use the kinetic energy of water for agglomerating the flocs thereby increasing size.
In the secondary clarifiers is also very important to the type of scraper blade profile and the size of the central well of the collection. Indeed, given the enormous volume of "sludge" with respect to the input flow rate (50%), it can be assumed that the characteristics the mud differ little from those of the clarified water (in static conditions the clarified water and sludge are layered with the surface of horizontal separation), and that then the flocs, due to the slight slope of the bottom (~ 4%), to flow without the need aid to the central well. But it should not be forgotten that the particles that touch the bottom, and by those that are placed on, join and lose the properties of "fluid" must therefore be collected and pushed actively towards the centre well before the layer becomes too thick and gets adhered and especially before the anoxic conditions start occurring leading to denitrification leading to formation of floating flocs. So it may be said that scraper blades should quickly push all the settled solids from the periphery to the centre well. This is achieved by giving the blades a continuous & logarithmic profile.
The types of settling that occur in wastewater treatment are summarized in Table below.
design, although Types I, II, and IV settling may also occur to a limited extent.
The final clarifier must perform two primary functions: clarification and thickening.
in a slightly con cen tra ted underflow, or return activated sludge (RAS).
1. Effluent TSS permit violations.
retention time (SRT), which could potentially impact the biological process.
substrate are available for the desired biological reactions to occur. Also, deep sludge blankets could potentially cause denitrification and secondary phosphorus release as discussed above in design of scraper blades.
water rises upward. The upward velocity of water is termed the overflow rate (OFR), and is determined by dividing flow by the clarifier by the surface area.
When a clarifier is opera ted at a specified OFR, all particles having settling velocities higher than the operating OFR will be removed , while particles with lower settling velocities will be carried over the effluent weir. By selecting a proper OFR, good clarification is ensured. When the clarifier is not thickening limited (rising sludge blanket), its capacity may be increased by improving settleability.
The maximum amount of solids that can be conveyed to the bottom of a clarifier is called the limiting flux. When SLR exceeds the limiting flux, a rising sludge blanket (thickening failure) is encountered. Most design engineers prefer to keep the maximum solids loading rate in the range of 25 to 30 lb/d/ft2.
The clarifier solids concentration profile consists of four zones: a clear water zone (h1), a separation zone (h2), a sludge storage zone (h3), and a thickening/sludge removal zone (h4). When the SLR exceeds the limiting flux, the sludge storage zone (h3) expands to accumulate the sludge and limits its conveyance to the bottom of the tank. The continued expansion of h3 will result in the sludge interface reaching the effluent weir, causing a loss of solids (clarification failure).
Even flow splitting to allow the full capacity of all clarifiers to be realized. Poor performance of an overloaded clarifier generally can not be compensated by good performance of an underloaded clarifier.
Energy dissipating inlets to achieve uniform distribution of flow and enhanced flocculation.
Strategically placed internal baffles to minimize short circuiting and density currents.
Deep flocculating centre well to enhance flocculation.
response to varying operating conditions without causing elevated ESS.
It goes without saying that all the above aspects are taken care while designing the Gravity Clarifier System.
The Lamella Clarifier & Tube Settler are not truly Gravity Clarifiers since water is forced through the Lamella/Tubes & hence not been discussed here.


Spotlights are one of the most popular lighting options in the UK. When you want something featured, when you want to draw attention to a special item or person, or if you want to light up your fountain in your garden for a nighttime party, spotlights are the way to go. Spotlights are bright lights that are meant to light up a specific area. They are multi-directional, and come in many different beam angles.
As popular as halogen spotlights are, they have a few major flaws: they heat up quickly, they waste energy, they consume your energy and your money, and they aren't as bright as they should be.
If you really want to experience what a real spotlight should be you need buy and install LED spotlights (read our guide to installing and removing LED Spotlights by Clicking Here.) LED spotlights can do all of the same things traditional halogen spotlights can, but they've improved up the halogen spotlight in these areas: the LED spotlight consumes the same amount of energy as the halogen spotlight, but it produced 80% light and 20% heat. Because it produced much more light than heat, it can be manipulated and touched without fear of burning. Also, LED spotlights are available in dimmable and non-dimmable options. Because LED spotlights produce more light on the same amount of energy, they are energy efficient. The energy efficient LED spotlight can save you up to 90% on your annual energy costs – this is a very important feature for business owners.
The energy efficient and cost effective LED spotlight also last much longer than its halogen relative. With a lifespan of up to 50,000 hours, you don't have to change the bulb for 5 or more years. Long lasting, energy saving, money saving and made from the very best materials; LED spotlights bring bright lighting right where you need it for as long as you need it.
LightRabbit is the UK's premiere LED lighting supply company featuring many of the best LED spotlights on the market. You can learn more about our wide selection of high quality LED spotlights by visiting our website, or by contacting our customer service representatives using our quick and easy contact form.


Located in heart of Gatlinburg. Beautifully landscaped featuring specialty shops, fine food and the area's two newest family attractions.
Located adjacent to Vintage & Variety, Hillbilly Deluxe offers wide range of merchandise with a deep in the hollar mountain appeal.
Custom Gifts, Shirts, Bows, Bags, Decals, Jewelry, Printing & More!
Whether you are a new beer drinker, or a bona fide brew aficionado, The Casual Pint - Northshore is a comfortable place where all beer lovers come to meet.