My wife and I was so disappointed with the immigration staff because despite of having all the correct document that particular immigration staff did not allow my wife's sister to board the flight to Brunei via KL. He was so rude that he did not even tried to see all the papers , instead they were chatting to each other and just making fun of it. I think these kind of bad practice of the immigration staff is really disgusting.
I arrived at Tribhuvan International airport on 14th Jan 2014.On reaching airport I was happy with friendly behavior of staff; I was satisfied with the security but the only problem was that the toilets were not clean. Overall, a small and good airport but can be maintained better. I rate the airport with 3.5 stars.
Nice, security is perfect and all the staff is very helpful and nice.
It's a really small airport. The departure hall is like a bus station. Only 2 boarding gates. The staff is nice.
On November 12th, 2006 I had a flight with Thai Airways from KTM to BKK. The security was very tight at KTM but people were always very friendly. The Duty-Free area is surprisingly big for this airport.


text:
#ifndef Stream_h
#define Stream_h

#include "bindings/core/v8/ScriptWrappable.h"
#include "core/dom/ActiveDOMObject.h"
#include "platform/heap/Handle.h"
#include "platform/weborigin/KURL.h"
#include "wtf/PassRefPtr.h"
#include "wtf/RefCounted.h"
#include "wtf/text/WTFString.h"

namespace blink {

class ExecutionContext;

class Stream final : public RefCountedWillBeGarbageCollectedFinalized<Stream>, public ScriptWrappable, public ActiveDOMObject {
    WILL_BE_USING_GARBAGE_COLLECTED_MIXIN(Stream);
    DEFINE_WRAPPERTYPEINFO();
public:
    static PassRefPtrWillBeRawPtr<Stream> create(ExecutionContext* context, const String& mediaType)
    {
        RefPtrWillBeRawPtr<Stream> stream = adoptRefWillBeNoop(new Stream(context, mediaType));
        stream->suspendIfNeeded();
        return stream.release();
    }

    virtual ~Stream();

    // Returns the internal URL referring to this stream.
    const KURL& url() const { return m_internalURL; }
    // Returns the media type of this stream.
    const String& type() const { return m_mediaType; }

    // Appends data to this stream.
    void addData(const char* data, size_t len);
    // Flushes contents buffered in the stream.
    void flush();
    // Mark this stream finalized so that a reader of this stream is notified
    // of EOF.
    void finalize();
    // Mark this stream finalized due to an error so that a reader of this
    // stream is notified of EOF due to the error.
    void abort();

    // Allow an external reader class to mark this object neutered so that they
    // won't load the corresponding stream again. All stream objects are
    // read-once for now.
    void neuter() { m_isNeutered = true; }
    bool isNeutered() const { return m_isNeutered; }

    // Implementation of ActiveDOMObject.
    //
    // FIXME: Implement suspend() and resume() when necessary.
    virtual void suspend() override;
    virtual void resume() override;
    virtual void stop() override;

    DECLARE_VIRTUAL_TRACE();

protected:
    Stream(ExecutionContext*, const String& mediaType);

    // This is an internal URL referring to the blob data associated with this object. It serves
    // as an identifier for this blob. The internal URL is never used to source the blob's content
    // into an HTML or for FileRead'ing, public blob URLs must be used for those purposes.
    KURL m_internalURL;

    String m_mediaType;

    bool m_isNeutered;
};

} // namespace blink

#endif // Stream_h

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


As an immigrant nation, one of the most important questions for Canadians has been: what does it mean to be Canadian? Within the field of Jewish history, scholars such as Gerald Tulchinsky, Harold Troper, Irving Abella, and Ruth Frager have explored the formation of Jewish communities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Scholars of ethnic and racialized women, including Franca Iacovetta, Marlene Epp, and Varpu Lindstrom, have often focused on the ways in which immigrant women worked hard to establish new lives. However, none of these works have addressed the central question: how do individuals already living in Canada define their sense of being Canadian? Despite the excellent work that has been done on the immigrant generation, the experiences of Jewish men, and the experiences of Jewish women in the garment industry, scholars of both Jewish history and women's history have yet to explore how second- and third-generation Canadian women and men reconciled their Old World culture and their present nationality in creating a distinctly Canadian identity. Yet, without such an understanding, can we ever truly understand what it means to be Canadian?
The ways that Jewish women perpetuated, modified, or even abandoned Old World practices to fit the exigencies of Canadian life are instructive for the study of ethnic women in Canada more generally. If we are to truly understand the ways that ethnic women learn to be Portuguese, Greek, Japanese, and so on, we must look to the way that they have understood their place in society. In some cases this might mean that certain values (woman as homemaker) became more prominent in certain ethnic communities, while other values and norms (body image) were modified to fit Canadian standards. The study of changing ethnic identities, though fraught with contradictions, will lead to a more complex and richer picture of Canadian women's history and Canadian history more generally. Becoming Ourselves provides a model for future scholars in this field for the incorporation of oral history as a major source of information. It is for this reason that Becoming Ourselves is important not only for scholars of Jewish history, but also for Canadian history and women and gender history more generally. Becoming Ourselves builds upon these previous works by filling a gap in the Canadian context through a consideration of "ordinary Jewish women" in Montreal. By "ordinary" I refer to individuals who were homemakers, teachers, and secretaries as opposed to those who were public figures in the Jewish and larger Canadian community.
This book draws upon my doctoral dissertation, "What My Mother Taught Me: The Construction of Canadian Jewish Womanhood in Montreal, 1945-1980," which I defended in November of 2011 at the University of Victoria. I have presented my findings at several different conferences, including the Canadian Historical Association Annual Meeting, the Annual Meeting of the Social Science History Association, the Canadian Committee on Women's History Conference, the Canadian Ethnic Studies Association Conference, and the Association for Canadian Jewish Studies Annual Meeting. My work has also been published in Edible Histories, Cultural Politics: Towards a Canadian Food History and Histoire Sociale/Social History.


text:
After Prohibition was lifted in 1934, Huntington's Fesenmeir brewery
began offering a seasonal Christmas Beer, identifying its bottles
with this label showing a traditional winter scene
'Tis the season — and that means Christmas beer.
The brewing of beer is as old as civilization itself. The first beer in the world
was brewed by the ancient Chinese around the year 7000 B.C. In the
west, however, the process recognized as beer brewing began
in Mesopotamia at the Godin Tepe settlement, now in
modern-day Iran, between 3500 and 3100 B.C.
In pre-Christian Scandinavia, the Vikings would brew dark,
malty winter beers to honor Norse gods and the winter
solstice. Scandinavian immigrants to the United
States brought with them their brewing
techniques and their esteem for
brown, wintery Christmas
beers.
Meanwhile, countries throughout Europe created their own versions
of winter beer. Stella Artois, today's popular Belgian beer, actually
debuted as a Christmas beer in 1926. The word "Stella" was
intended to commemorate the Christmas star.
The Fesenmeir family began brewing beer in Huntington in 1899.
Their brewery survived a disastrous fire in 1905 and the flood
of 1913, but it couldn't survive the state of West Virginia's
enactment of Prohibition in 1914 — five years before
the rest of the country. Unable to continue operating
as a brewery, the Madison Avenue plant was
converted into a meat-packing business.
Sensing that Prohibition was soon to be lifted, the Fesenmeirs
took a gamble and began brewing and stockpiling beer.
On May 5, 1934, the first day that beer could again
be legally sold, the company had 250,000
gallons ready for the thirsty
Huntington area.
Today, there's no way of knowing if the Fesenmeirs offered
a Christmas beer in their earliest years, but they certainly
did so after Prohibition was lifted, identifying its bottles
with a label depicting a traditional winter scene.
Note: This Article and picture appeared in the Herald-Dispatch Newspaper on Dec. 20, 2022.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As consumers are becoming more comfortable with mobile banking and mobile payments, financial institutions and technology providers are beginning to develop and deploy more innovative solutions with a focus on gaining market share, reducing costs and realizing new sources of revenue. It is clear that the question is no longer whether mobile banking and mobile payments will be important to a bank's business (84% of respondents to a recent KPMG survey said that it is). The question has become, can banks realize the full potential of the channel from a customer development and revenue perspective.
To this end, one of the best sessions I attended last week at the BAI Retail Delivery Conference was around the opportunity for banks to monetize mobile banking. Presented by Matt Wilcox, senior vice president of eBusiness strategy for Zions Bancorporation and Drew Sievers, CEO of mFoundry, the session focused on the opportunity for mobile banking to move from simply reducing costs to actually being the foundation for revenue generation.
At the beginning of the presentation, Wilcox presented an overview of the mobile banking evolution that has occurred over the past several years. According to Wilcox, mobile banking has evolved from being simply a channel innovation to providing the potential for significant channel migration cost savings as shown below. He noted, however, that banks should not build business cases around 1:1 transaction displacement, since many consumers increase their overall transaction volume as they move to more automated channels. This is similar to what occurred with ATM volumes that increased at a much higher rate than branch transactions decreased in the past.
Wilcox also provided a look at the differences in profitability and attrition that has been attributed to mobile channel engagement at Zions Bank. As shown below, customers with both an online and mobile banking relationship generated close to 30 percent more revenues than an online customer, while having an attrition rate that was more than 60% lower.
While Carl Tsukahara, CMO from Monitise stated in another BAI session that, "the wallet wars will be over in the next two years and that banks need to get off the sideline", Drew Sievers emphasized that banks still are in an extremely strong position relative to other players. According to Sievers, "Banks control the key elements of funds, identity and authentication. In addition, banks have consumer trust and millions of pieces of software on mobile phones, positioning themselves strongly in the mobile wallet market."
This session continued with Matt and Drew discussing the significant revenue potential of mobile banking. The potential was put in context of mFoundry's new mobile banking platform (Fin.X), that provides banks a choice of mobile apps from a Service Provider Network of 30+ companies including FIS, Diebold, Dwolla, Micronotes and Blackhawk Network. According to the presenters, there are 14 categories of revenue that banks can leverage in the future, including more traditional sources such as bill pay, mobile deposit, PFM and security services along with less traditional features such as expedited payments, credit scoring, gift card issuance, insurance quotes and even integrated retail bar-code scanning and bank product cross-selling.
Based on preliminary estimates, close to $100/customer annually can be generated mobile enhancements as shown below. According to Wilcox, "I believe services such as expedited payments take a proven model and revenue stream and make it more convenient on the mobile banking app. In addition, many of the other revenue streams place a value on customer convenience and integrate products that the customer already purchases through other channels such as gift cards, insurance, etc. I think we have only scratched the surface here." Sievers added, "Integrated services like those provided through Fin.X have the potential to transform mobile banking into an institution's most profitable channel."
The following is a sampling of partnerships announced last week my mFoundry to be included in their Fin.X cloud-based partnership solution.
Blackhawk Network: Will offer digital and physical gift cards from hundreds of brand name merchants to smartphone users which can later be redeemed electronically.
Micronotes: Will deliver individually tailored and actionable promotions to a customer's smartphone using big data analytics and customer insight improving relevance, timing and offer delivery.
WAUSAU Financial Systems: Will provide the convenience of mobile remote deposit capture (RDC) capabilities using WAUSAU's Deposit 24/7 Mobile™ functionality. Institutions can choose from two additional providers of mobile RDC solutions as part of the Fin.X solution.
Dwolla: While mFoundry is already recognized as the company powering the biggest and most successful mobile payments program to date, Starbucks Card Mobile, this partnership allows for a low-cost P2P money transfer service and a real time alternative to ACH payments which can take 2-3 days.
Diebold: Will allow users to scan a Quick Response code on the ATM and enter an authentication code to initiate withdrawals and deposits without a card. The smartphone will be used as an authentication device, reducing the security risk associated with lost cards, stolen cards and skimming.
"With mFoundry's new service, banks and credit unions can select as many, or as few, extensions as they want", according to Sievers. "We will be adding new partners into the ecosystem in order to create an even larger and richer offering."
The key to monetizing mobile banking is to aggressively move people from traditional channels to mobile. I asked Wilcox how banks should encourage customers to use the mobile channel when many banks have had limited success moving beyond getting early adopters to engage? According to Matt, he believes getting clients to handle their balance checking on the mobile device is still a huge initial opportunity that will build engagement over time. "Moving clients from the IVR or contact center to the mobile device is still a great opportunity", he stated. "I also believe banks have an opportunity to engage clients within mobile by removing the tie to online banking. We are only now seeing banks decoupling these services, with those banks doing so realizing a larger growth in adoption."
Sievers added, "The future of mobile banking is how you generate more revenue for the financial institution. It's not only about saving money since mobile banking pays for itself. It's about making the channel a revenue generating tool."
This is an interesting thought on how to handle cross sells but the title made me think more about the opportunity for alternative revenue streams through these areas.


Last night, at Swedish synthpop legends The Mobile Homes' 30th anniversary at Debaser in Stockholm, Sweden, Statemachine appeared on stage as secret special guests. Performing a cover of the main attraction's signature single Something Better, this marked the first time Statemachine appeared together on stage in 10 years. And since they performed a newly recorded cover this also marked the first time the band have gone into a studio to record something together since 2003.
Others who joined the party on stage last night were: Wolfgang Flür (ex Kraftwerk), Familjen, Martin Sköld & Markus Mustonen (Kent), Christer Sandelin, Swedish Dyke Vibes, Andreas Tilliander, West End Girls, Calle Dernulf – either performing on their own or together with The Mobile Homes.


text:
Mambo is an Italian/American international co-production film, produced by Dino De Laurentiis, Carlo Ponti and Paramount Pictures written and directed from 1952 to 1953 by Robert Rossen and released in 1955. A mambo craze spread through the USA in the 1950s, and Rossen aimed to repair his finances after almost two years without work since his 1951 House Un-American Activities Committee hearing. The film co-stars Katherine Dunham who acted as the film's choreographer.

Plot
The film stars Silvana Mangano as Giovanna Masetti, a poor Venetian who is admired by the crafty croupier Mario Rossi (Vittorio Gassman) and the rich count Enrico Marisoni (Michael Rennie). Discovered by Toni Salerno (Shelley Winters), Giovanna lives out a dream to become a dancer and moves to Rome.  She returns six months later to the competing affections of Mario and Enrico, resulting in a choice between the two and the dramatic finale.

Cast

Critical reception
Rossen later said, "Mambo was to be for fun only," but he "took it seriously, and it didn't come off." The New York Times found the plot contorted, the script long and incredible, and lead actress Silvana Mangano's performance laborious, but praised Rossen's skilfully created moods, some decadent and others melancholy. Alan Casty dismissed the film as a "mere job".

However, in 2001 Dorothea Fischer-Hornung concluded that the film achieved more than Rossen and contemporary critics realised. The lead, Italian shop-girl Giovanna, enrolls in a troupe led by real-time choreographer Katherine Dunham. The other three main characters in different ways try to dominate Giovanna, but she renounces one while the other two die violently. Giovanna returns to the troupe to devote herself to dance. In the first scene a sexually charged dance accompanies a character's intense pass at Giovanna. The rest of the first third of the film forms three stages of Giovanna's training: basic lessons in Durham's technique; Giovanna collapses; more advance training, using twirling and other movements to induce trances. While most contemporary critics considered the cinematography of the dance scenes "confusing" and "handled with no real flair", one described it as "briefly, seems like genius", replacing conventional straight shots with sudden cuts, mirroring and montage.

Notes

References

See also
List of American films of 1955

External links

Films directed by Robert Rossen
1954 films
Italian drama films
American drama films
Films scored by Nino Rota
1954 drama films
1950s English-language films
English-language Italian films
American black-and-white films
Films produced by Carlo Ponti
Films produced by Dino De Laurentiis
Paramount Pictures films
Films scored by Angelo Francesco Lavagnino
Films shot in Venice
1950s American films
1950s Italian films

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Local chapter events are key to creating a community of like-minded professionals and sharing knowledge with your peers. Throughout the year, this chapter hosts regular monthly chapter dinner meetings, an annual conference in the spring and other training opportunities and social events throughout the year. Chapter Meeting topics are published monthly in our monthly Databyte Newsletter and listed on the event registration for each meeting. Topics and speakers are subject to change based on our volunteer speaker's availability.


There will be two images that you choose. The first will be your account's picture, which will work similar to Facebook's profile pictures. The second will be your channel art, which will be displayed at the top of your channel much like Facebook's cover photo. You need to choose these images wisely, as they'll be one of the first things that users notice about your brand. In the example below, my account picture is the picture of me, and the flowers are my channel art (please note, this is only an example account).
Optimize the watching experience — Improve your search presence and connect with your audience by using optimization tactics for your videos. This includes uploading Featured Content for current subscribers or a Channel Trailer for visitors. You could also curate your videos into appropriate playlists. This will organize your content and encourage viewers to continue watching.


Nintendo has been having a hell of a couple years with their Switch. Seemingly overnight, they managed to change the entire narrative surrounding their future in hardware, all while pushing the industry forward in an unexpected direction. Of course, it's never been good enough to simply grab gamers — the Big N has always been about inclusivity from the beginning.
As such, there have been rumors surrounding a new Switch for months and months now. Rumors ranged from a "pro" version of the system to a "casual" version of the system. But which is it going to be? According to a new report from The Wall Street Journal (via Variety), Nintendo will be launching not one, but TWO new versions of the system this summer to do both.
The outlet states that one will be aimed at "avid videogamers," and as such, will feature "enhanced features." However, don't expect it to be on the same level as PS4 or Xbox One X. At the end of the day, this system will still need to play the same games as the other two versions, so that's no surprise. All this information is coming from parts suppliers and software devs who have access to the prototype, so it sounds like it's on the level.
The "casual" version will be a stripped down version of the console that will have some features removed, like the rumble feature (though I'm not sure how that'd fare for some rumble-centric features in certain games). The point is, they will aiming to cut the unnecessary features to help reduce the price point and get more casuals into the mix (plus, it will also increase likelihood of more Switches per household), which is very much in keeping with Nintendo's strategy.
What do you think of Nintendo launching two more Switches? Let us know your thoughts down below!


You have just wrapped your small budget film, and you are ready to show it to the world but where do you start? What exactly do you need to know about the international film industry to distribute and make deals for your film? With laws and regulations changing by country, how will you know what is acceptable for your film in another country? And how do you go about making deals for international distribution?
Film Acquisition and Worldwide Sales are my key areas: 14 years experience initiating, negotiating, and closing deals on hundreds of Feature films and Documentaries both on acquisitions and sales/licensing.


Download Free Download Fluent Python Pdf Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Download Fluent Python Pdf and write the review.
How will variation in the actual durations of each activity be dealt with to ensure that the expected Python results are met? Who will be responsible for deciding whether Python goes ahead or not after the initial investigations? Design Thinking: Integrating Innovation, Python Experience, and Brand Value What is our Python Strategy? Are assumptions made in Python stated explicitly? This extraordinary Python self-assessment will make you the established Python domain visionary by revealing just what you need to know to be fluent and ready for any Python challenge. How do I reduce the effort in the Python work to be done to get problems solved? How can I ensure that plans of action include every Python task and that every Python outcome is in place? How will I save time investigating strategic and tactical options and ensuring Python costs are low? How can I deliver tailored Python advice instantly with structured going-forward plans? There's no better guide through these mind-expanding questions than acclaimed best-selling author Gerard Blokdyk. Blokdyk ensures all Python essentials are covered, from every angle: the Python self-assessment shows succinctly and clearly that what needs to be clarified to organize the required activities and processes so that Python outcomes are achieved. Contains extensive criteria grounded in past and current successful projects and activities by experienced Python practitioners. Their mastery, combined with the easy elegance of the self-assessment, provides its superior value to you in knowing how to ensure the outcome of any efforts in Python are maximized with professional results. Your purchase includes access details to the Python self-assessment dashboard download which gives you your dynamically prioritized projects-ready tool and shows you exactly what to do next. Your exclusive instant access details can be found in your book. You will receive the following contents with New and Updated specific criteria: - The latest quick edition of the book in PDF - The latest complete edition of the book in PDF, which criteria correspond to the criteria in... - The Self-Assessment Excel Dashboard, and... - Example pre-filled Self-Assessment Excel Dashboard to get familiar with results generation ...plus an extra, special, resource that helps you with project managing. INCLUDES LIFETIME SELF ASSESSMENT UPDATES Every self assessment comes with Lifetime Updates and Lifetime Free Updated Books. Lifetime Updates is an industry-first feature which allows you to receive verified self assessment updates, ensuring you always have the most accurate information at your fingertips.


The day I was let go!
Everything is perfect right… You are taught, "Get a job… Be consistent in that job… Get tons of education… Apply what you've learned… Pay your bills on time… Take care of your family (if you choose to get one)… AND everything will work out for you as long as you are a smart, positive, productive, and a moral citizen…" Right? Wrong!
If you haven't figured it out yet, this is where life flips everything upside down…and I was left on the bottom… My heart stopped…In fact, I'm in tears writing this because I felt ashamed to share it at first.
But wait, isn't this the church's mission? Love God, Love People, and Serve the least of these? It is….But, at some churches (NOT ALL) it is more about what goes on inside the four walls of the church instead of the people outside the walls that need the love of God, and the good news (not apologizing for stepping on toes, but it is true).
Yes, you heard me… I was given a pink slip, and even told not to come back to the church anymore. Why? I hadn't done anything criminal or out of line. I just wanted to love on people who I know that God loves, but do not have a voice. However, I have chosen to forgive the mistreatment I received.
In fact, it happened about five days before we launched a campaign called #closetstrike… A campaign where our organization raised awareness about children who attend title 1 schools, and have to wear the same thing every single day because they lack resources at home. I started wearing one outfit every single day (for 90 days), and had to deal with not having a job because of a lay off.
Not only has this been the most difficult journey of my life, it has been the most rewarding too… I have served others with love, compassion, and grace knowing in the back of my mind I could relate to them even more. How have I been able to do it… Simple. HOPE, FOCUS, SUPPORT, AND GOD'S STRENGTH!
Since my layoff, God has provided for my family, and the work we are doing through selfless individuals who see value in our work.
But, if I could be honest this layoff has been both a blessing and a challenge. It has been a blessing because I have been devoted more to building our organization and seeing more impact, but it has been a challenge because I haven't been able to find more employment with four degrees in one of the worse states for the jobless (GA).
Why put this out there? Simple. It's to let people know that God does still move in the midst of pain, and in the midst of loss. It is to let people know that you can persevere and build something even though HELL itself is suggesting you should stop and quit. The only thing that has keep me going has been my family and knowing that I am supposed to take hope and love to people who want to throw in the towel.
But here is the good news…We have grown a little more, and in about 15 days, I'm going to release one of the biggest projects we have ever worked on in our lives as an organization.
I can't wait to write more about the journey I am weathering and our attempt to beat it by doing more good, and serving more people with the love of God.
Below is a picture of a bus we were recently donated… We will share our vision for how we will reach more with it in the coming days.
Your testimony has truly blessed me, I know even more now that I can make it, in-spite of my circumstance and what is going on around and with me. Thanks Terence for sharing.
See, I knew I was connecting with the right organisation.
Your post is absolute confirmation for me on a struggle I have had between serving and working.
The termination of your job was to allow you to grow and trust the Lord with all your heart, in a new way. What a glorious testimony which I'm about to share all the way in London, there are many who are where you were.
Giving praise for your wife who has supported you and the LBW team.
You story inspires me in my assignment to help others! I appreciate Gods love through me to others. Not because I have so much but because He's my captain and I am His instrument of true love!!
I understand mine job loss just happened because I wasn't paid on time and when I complained about it well. Long story. If you need some money saving tips or savings on food let me know. Happy to help.
Walk in forgiveness towards those that turn their backs on you. God has and will be on your side.
I know how you feel. I was out of work for 15 months, I lost my home, car, and job, all around the same time. Worst thing was that I also lost two siblings within 5 months and never got a chance to grieve over it. Through it all I kept the faith and I got closer to God. I no longer have job security or a retirement plan. I am 60 yrs. old and with 3 degrees can only find part time positions. Its okay though, because my blood pressure is the lowest I've ever had and I am stress free. I moved back home to my family home. It's paid for but falling apart. I have only a few bills that my disable younger brother and I share. Now I have a new out look on life and I appreciate all that God has provided for me. I also know that God has a better plan for me and when its time, he will reveal it to me. I worked in social services and still do part-time. Its what I know and what I'm good at. However, the pay is terrible but like you said GA is the worst place to work for a decent salary and has a very high rate of under paid over educated workers. Praying for you and everyone else walking in our shoes.


Dr. Zachary Vest is a fellowship trained glaucoma specialist who joined Mile High Corneal Specialists in 2014. Dr. Vest specializes in the medical and surgical management of glaucoma as well as advanced cataract surgery techniques. Originally from St. Louis, MO, Dr. Vest earned a degree in biomedical engineering at Texas A&M University before attending the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in Dallas for his medical school, ophthalmology residency and glaucoma fellowship. Dr. Vest has participated in research concerning the efficacy and safety of new surgical technologies in glaucoma. Dr. Vest and his wife spend much of their free time enjoying the outdoors by hiking, fly fishing and camping.


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text:
Is handwriting analysis legit science?
By Cecil Adams Apr 18, 2003
Share All sharing options for: Is handwriting analysis legit science?
What's the Straight Dope on handwriting analysis? I know that handwriting experts' testimony can be accepted in court, so there must be something to it. But I have a hard time believing that a smart criminal wouldn't be able to change his writing to avoid detection. On a related issue, can an "expert" really tell something about your personality from your handwriting (e.g., that loops in your g's and y's indicate a high sex drive)? If that were true, it would seem that one's handwriting would change from day to day, which it doesn't.
Kristin in Sausalito, California
At first this question might seem like a great opportunity to lay out the difference between science and pseudoscience. On the one hand we have forensic handwriting analysis, in which an expert decides whether two or more samples were written by the same person, e.g., whether a signature was forged. On the other we have graphology, in which some sage tries to divine a subject's personality traits from his or her handwriting. While graphology enjoys about the same prestige as palm reading, forensic handwriting analysis has helped send people to jail since the days of the Lindbergh kidnapping. But in the eyes of the law, the credibility of such analysis is on the wane. Thanks to a landmark Supreme Court ruling in the early 90s, more and more federal judges are deciding that while forensic handwriting analysis may not be quackery, it's not exactly science either.
A meta-analysis of 200 scientific studies of graphology by Geoffery A. Dean (published in The Write Stuff: Evaluations of Graphology — The Study of Handwriting Analysis, edited by Barry L. Beyerstein and Dale F. Beyerstein, Prometheus Books, 1992) found that it was worthless as a predictor of personality. That hasn't prevented people who ought to know better from relying on it. In France, an estimated 70 percent of companies use graphology when making hiring decisions. (Between 5 and 10 percent of U.S. and UK companies do so.) Law enforcement authorities sometimes turn to graphology and kindred techniques when profiling criminals, as in the case of the D.C. sniper last fall. But such methods are often the last resort of police desperate to appear to be doing something. There's only one well-documented case of a bad guy actually being caught by a profile — George Metesky, the "Mad Bomber" of New York City in the 1940s and '50s — and he was nabbed less because of his handwriting than because he'd revealed too many clues about his past in a letter to a newspaper.
For a long time forensic handwriting analysis seemed more respectable, but its status has been shaky since 1993, when the Supreme Court handed down its ruling in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. Previously the chief criterion for the admissibility of expert testimony had been whether it was based on techniques "generally accepted" by scientists. Daubert gave federal judges much greater discretion in deciding admissibility. It suggested they consider (1) whether a theory or technique can be tested, (2) whether it's been subject to peer review, (3) whether standards exist for applying the technique, and (4) the technique's error rate.
Sounds reasonable, eh? But Daubert created an uproar, because the dirty little secret of much so-called expert testimony was this: though it was possible in principle to test and validate most forensic techniques, in many cases no one had ever done so. In 2002 one judge even restricted testimony based on fingerprint analysis, saying he was unconvinced the technique was a science rather than a mix of craft and guesswork.
No forensic technique has taken more hits than handwriting analysis. In one particularly devastating federal ruling, United States v. Saelee (2001), the court noted that forensic handwriting analysis techniques had seldom been tested, and that what testing had been done "raises serious questions about the reliability of methods currently in use." The experts were frequently wrong — in one test "the true positive accuracy rate of laypersons was the same as that of handwriting examiners; both groups were correct 52 percent of the time." The most basic principles of handwriting analysis — for example, that everyone's handwriting is unique — had never been demonstrated. "The technique of comparing known writings with questioned documents appears to be entirely subjective and entirely lacking in controlling standards," the court wrote. Testimony by the government's handwriting expert was ruled inadmissible.
Prosecutors scrambling to find scientific validation for handwriting analysis last year touted a study by Sargur Srihari, a professor of computer science at the State University of New York at Buffalo. Srihari subjected 1,500 writing samples to computer analysis. Conclusion: In 96 percent of cases, the writer of a sample could be positively identified based on quantitative features of his handwriting such as letter dimensions and pen pressure. Skeptics objected that lab results using a computer prove nothing about what a human can do in the real world, and who can argue? If expert testimony is going to send people up the river, it better be more than some mope's prejudices dressed up as science.


Kenton doesn't agree with Vishal at all.
Spyros broke up with Marie.
Both Ramanan and Kusum look disappointed.
Donnie has an uncle who works in Boston.
Jinny thinks Thuan is still alive.
I always thought Phill and Darryl made a good couple.
Loukas is as white as a sheet.
I hope Petr's doing better than us.
Nadeem is picky about what he eats.
I offered to pick Vishal up, but he wanted to come by himself.
Jennifer walked away from the group.
Rees doesn't have to hurry.
Vance left earlier this morning.
Hans has had good role models.
I'm surprised Celia isn't with Clarissa now.
Frederic lives in a Hispanic neighborhood.
I live pretty close to Anderson.
I've been spending evenings with Cole.
Surya is shorter than his father.
William bet me fifty dollars that he could eat more hot dogs than I could.
Christopher lied about taking the money.
Sean seems to be lost.
Oh my God, Fred has done it!
Irvin has not yet made up his mind.


When Stamathis Pipinas talks about his work his eyes are gleaming like the polished surface of his copper- and brassware.
A workshop on the edge of the road. The trade of a basket weaver can be exercised practically anywhere and needs only few tools. The manual skills of Skyros' basket weaving Roma people.
When a big iron-casting factory went bankrupt in the mid-sixties in Volos, Nikos Tsakas' father established his foundry. The Tsakas workshop makes semi-finished goods and spare parts for industrial and agricultural machinery and is also working on art casting for the church and artists.
Konstantinos Vogiatzakis is the only saddler in the region of Magnisia that still makes traditional Greek saddles for donkeys and mules.
The kafenion, a Greek coffeehouse, is a contact and information exchange. Business is done here, people discuss and play. We are meeting up with Yannis Zapanti at Mouries in Volos.
Their islands have been calling the Greeks to the sea for a long time. The caïques, Greek fishing boats, are the remains of a culture of boat building developed over centuries. We are visiting Dinos Korakis, one of the last boat builders of the island of Spetses.
In Alexis Kappas' tannery you can experience an ancient craft up close.
The fishermen's village Kilada in the Argolian gulf is famous for its caïques, Greek wooden boats.
The Mountakis brothers' workshop is located in Metaxourgeio. Michalis Mountakis speaks about his craft, the importance of high quality and the long tradition of lutes in greek music.
In a small workshop in Athens' artisans district Psiri Christos and his father Barbalias Kurtoglu are sewing customised "Tentes", sun blinds.
The Mentis ribbon weaving company is located at 6 Polyfimou Street, not far from the Benaki museum in Pireos Street. The manufacture that was donated to the Benaki museum by the Mentis family in 2011 is run as a living museum and allows the public an insight into the traditional production methods of ribbon weaving.
In the workshops of the Presidential Guard, behind Athens' parliament building, a national symbol is cultivated.
Before Olgianna Melissinos opened her sandal workshop and thereby continued the family tradition she was working in IT. Melissinos sandals are famous all over the world. For film stars and celebrities of the 60s they were part of the Greek flair. Nowadays Olgianna cooperates with international fashion companies.
The soft clicking of the komboloiá – the worry beads that are sliding through the men's hands – is part of a Greek kafenion as much as is mocha.
On the island of Skyros Yannis Krinis' production of natural honey is already in the third generation. He and his wife Dimitra Markou are slowly expanding their product range and supply shops in Athens.
In the scanty uninhabited hilly landscape on the island of Skyros the Karabinis brothers' flock of sheep and goats bleats and baas.
Lefteris Avgoklouris tells us about the island Skyros' particular tradition and the connection to his passion, woodcarving.
In the fishing port Agia Kiriaki, kaiki, traditional wooden boats, are repaired in the boatyard Kikynthos.
Rather than spending time alone in their kitchen in the mountain village of Vizitsa, Andromahi Karagiannopoulou and her friends prefer to cook together. The cheerful group of women has turned a tradition into a business model and has founded a women's cooperative.
The Athanasopoulos familiy continues the craft of wickerwork in the traditional way. Their core business is to build and repair the wooden greek tavern chair.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\noindent
Radio galaxies (RG) are radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) characterised by powerful jets of relativistic plasma whose non-thermal radiation emits from radio frequencies up to TeV energies.
RGs have been historically classified by \cite[Fanaroff \& Riley (1974)]{fr74} on the basis of their radio morphology into  FR~I and FR~II \footnote{A source is considered an FR~I if the separation between the points of the peak intensity in the two lobes is smaller than half of the largest size of the source (R$<$0.5). If R$>$0.5 the source is a FR~II. This morphological criterium corresponds to a separation at a radio luminosity P$_{178~MHz}$=10$^{25}$~W~Hz$^{-1}$~sr$^{-1}$. Sources with a radio luminosity below such a threshold are FR~Is, above it are FR~IIs.}. Within the Unified Model of AGN (\cite[Urry \& Padovani 1995]{UrryPadovani95}), FR~Is are considered the parent population of BL Lacs (i.e. their misaligned counterpart) and FR~IIs the parent population of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQ). The cause of the FRI/FRII dichotomy is still unknown: external agents, e.g. environment, host galaxy, merging history, etc. (\cite[Bicknell 1995]{bicknell95}) or intrinsic factors, e.g. accretion processes (\cite[Ghisellini \& Celotti 2001]{GhiselliniCelotti01}), have been invoked as possible explanations.
Jets of RGs are oriented at large inclination angles with respect to the l.o.s.  ($\theta >$10$^{\circ}$), making these sources unique laboratories where to contemporarily study jets and accretion processes and establish a connection between the two.
However, the large jet inclination angle geometrically disfavours the detection of RGs above 100~MeV since their non-thermal radiation does not benefit from the strong Doppler amplification typical of blazars. Indeed, the degree of boosting depends on the relativistic Doppler factor $\delta$=1/$\Gamma$(1-$\beta$cos$\theta$), that relates the intrinsic and observed flux for a source moving at relativistic speed (\cite[Urry \& Padovani 1995]{UrryPadovani95}). The flux enhancement is strongly dependent on the viewing angle and decreases very rapidly for $\theta >$8-10$^{\circ}$.
This trend was confirmed by the detection of only three possible $\gamma$-ray counterparts of RGs by the EGRET telescope onboard the CGRO satellite, i.e. NGC~6251, Centaurus~A and 3C~111 (\cite[Nolan et al. 1996]{nolan96}, \cite[Mukherjee et al. 2002]{reshmi02}, \cite[Sguera et al. 2005]{sguera05}, \cite[Hartmann et al. 2008]{hartmann08}).
A huge step forward in this field has been made thanks to the \emph{Fermi} satellite, as predicted by several works suggesting these sources as possible targets detectable by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) instrument onboard  \emph{Fermi} (\cite[Stawarz et al. 2003, 2006]{stawarz03}, \cite[Ghisellini et al. 2005]{ghisellini05}, \cite[Grandi \& Palumbo 2007]{grandipalumbo07}).

In the following, the main recent results on RGs obtained with the \emph{Fermi}-LAT telescope in the MeV-GeV band (Sec.~2) and with the current Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes in the TeV regime (Sec.~3) will be presented. Within this context, the impact of the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) on the study of RGs at very-high energies will be also discussed.

\section{The MeV-GeV band: Fermi-LAT results}
\noindent
The {\it Fermi} $\gamma$-ray space telescope (\cite[Atwood et al. 2009]{atwood09}) was launched in 2008 June 11th and carries onboard two instruments: (i) the LAT, that operates in the nominal energy band 20~MeV-300~GeV \footnote{With the new Pass8 data the LAT energy range extends up to 1~TeV (\cite[Atwood et al. 2013]{atwoodpass8}). For more information about Pass8 \ttfamily{https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/analysis/documentation/Pass8$\_$usage.html}} and (ii) the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), that covers the energy range 8~keV-40~MeV. Results presented throughout the paper are based on LAT data.\\

\noindent{\bf Radio galaxies are $\gamma$-ray emitters}

\noindent
In only 15 months of survey the LAT could detect 11 radio objects, 7 FR~Is and 4 FR~IIs (e.g. 2 radio galaxies and 2 steep spectrum radio quasars\footnote{Steep Spectrum Radio Quasars are usually considered as FR~II broad line radio galaxies at high redshift.}), generally referred to as Misaligned AGN (MAGN \footnote{With the term Misaligned AGN we consider objects characterised by steep radio spectra ($\alpha>$0.5) and possibly showing symmetrical extension in the radio maps, i.e. radio galaxies and steep spectrum radio quasars.}; \cite[Abdo et al. 2010a]{magn}), confirming that RGs are GeV emitters (Table \,\ref{tab1}).
Most of the sources are faint (F$_{> \rm 0.1~GeV} \sim$10$^{-8}$~ph~cm$^{-2}$~s$^{-1}$) and have steep power-law spectra ($\Gamma >$2.4), in agreement with the Unified Models of AGN in which radio galaxies are considered a de-boosted version of blazars (Fig.\,\ref{fig1} \emph{left panel}).
The  number of radio galaxies caught by the LAT has continuously increased, passing from 11  to 22 in 4 years of operations (3 LAC; \cite[Ackermann et al. 2015]{3lac}), with FR~Is preferentially detected by the LAT with respect to FR~IIs (Table \,\ref{tab1}).
The discrepancy in the FR~I/FR~II detection rate does not seem to be related to a larger distance of FR~IIs, generally found at higher redshifts (\cite[Grandi \& Torresi 2012]{grandi12}). If a correlation between the radio core flux and the $\gamma$-ray flux (\cite[Ackermann et al. 2011]{ackermann2011}, \cite[Ghirlanda et al. 2011]{ghirlanda11}, \cite[Lico et al. 2017]{lico17}) is assumed, implicitly implying that the emission in the two bands is mainly from the jet, several FR~IIs are expected to be detected above the LAT sensitivity threshold  (see also \cite[Kataoka et al. 2011]{kataoka11}). This result suggests that the predominance of FR~Is in the GeV sky should be related to other causes, for example intrinsic differences in the jet structure.\\

\begin{table}
  \begin{center}
  \caption{3LAC MAGN: (i) Source name; (ii) 3FGL name; (iii) right ascension; (iv) declination; (v) redshift; (vi) radio classification; (vii) detected TeV counterpart. 3C~120 has been added to the list since it is a confirmed $\gamma$-ray source, and also Tol1326-379 and PKS1718-379 recently associated with 3FGL sources.}
  \label{tab1}
 {\scriptsize
  \begin{tabular}{l l l l c c c}\hline
{Source}      & {3FGL Name}           & {RA}            & {Dec}             &{z}               &{FR type}      &{TeV source}\\
                   &                                 & (J2000)        & (J2000)           &                &                              &\\
 \hline
3C~78         &3FGLJ0308.6+0408     &03 08 26.22	&+04 06 39.3     &0.02865    &FR~I                          &no\\
IC310          &3FGLJ0316.6+4119    &03 16 42.97	&+41 19 29.61   &0.019        &FR~I                          &yes\\
NGC1275     &3FGLJ0319.8+4130   &03 19 48.16	&+41 30 42.1    &0.0175       &FR~I                        &yes\\
ForA(lobes)  &3FGLJ0322.5-3721     &03 21 37.75	&-37 12 49.1    &0.00587      &FR~I                        &no\\
4C+39.12    &3FGLJ0334.2+3915   &03 34 18.41	&+39 21 24.4   &0.02059      &FR~I                        &no\\
Pictor~A      &3FGLJ0519.2-4542    &05 19 49.72	&-45 46 43.85   &0.03506     &FR~II                       &no\\
PKS0625-35 &3FGLJ0627.0-3529    &06 27 06.72	&-35 29 15.33   &0.05494     &FR~I                        &yes \\
3C~189       &3FGLJ0758.7+3747   &07 58 28.1	&+37 47 11.8    &0.04284     &FR~I                       &no\\
3C~221       &3FGLJ0934.1+3933  &09 35 06.63	&+39 42 06.7    &--              &FR~II/SSRQ                &no\\
3C~264       &3FGLJ1145.1+1935  &11 45 05.0	&+19 36 22.74  &0.02172   &FR~I                           &yes\\
M87            &3FGLJ1230.9+1224   &2 30 49.42	&+12 23 28.04  &0.00428  &FR~I                           &yes\\
CenA(core)  &3FGLJ1325.4-4301   &13 25 27.61	&-43 01 08.8    &0.0018    &FR~I                           &yes\\
3C~303        &3FGLJ1442.6+5156 &14 43 02.76	&+52 01 37.29  &0.14119  &FR~II                         &no\\
NGC6251     &3FGLJ1630.6+8232  &16 32 31.96	&+82 32 16.39  &0.02        &FR~I                         &no\\
3C~111       &3FGLJ0418.5+3813c &04 18 21.27	&+38 01 35.8   &0.0485    &FR~II                        &no\\
CenB           &3FGLJ1346.6-6027   &13 46 49.04	&-60 24 29.35	&0.01292 &FR~I                     &no\\
TXS0348+013  &3FGLJ0351.1+0128 &03 50 57.36	&+01 31 04.91	&1.12     &FR~II/SSRQ         &no\\
3C~207           &3FGLJ0840.8+1315 &08 40 47.58	&+13 12 23.56	&0.681  &FR~II/SSRQ        &no\\
PKS1203+04    &3FGLJ1205.4+0412 &12 06 19.92	&+04 06 12.04	&0.536  &FR~II/SSRQ        &no\\
3C~275.1        &3FGLJ1244.1+1615 &12 43 57.64	&+16 22 53.39      &--        &FR~II/SSRQ       &no\\
3C~380           &3FGLJ1829.6+4844 &18 29 31.78	&+48 44 46.16	&0.695  &FR~II/SSRQ       &no\\
3C~120        & --                           &04 33 11.1    &+05 21 16            &0.033 &FR~I                    &no\\
Tol1326-379  &3FGL1330.0-3818    &13 29 19.2  &-38 14 18             &0.028  &FR~0                    &no\\
PKS1718-649 &3FGLJ1728.0-6446  & 17 23 41.0 &-65 00 37        &0.014         &CSO                   &no\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
  }
 \end{center}
\vspace{1mm}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
 \includegraphics[width=4.8in]{fig1.pdf}

 \caption{{\it Left panel:} Power-law photon index ($\Gamma$) plotted as a function of the 100~MeV-10~GeV
 $\gamma$-ray luminosity for: BL Lacs (open blue circles), FSRQ (open black squares), FR~I (red circles), FR~II (green squares). Blazars and MAGN (radio galaxies and SSRQ) occupy different regions of the plot. The two green squares falling in the FSRQ region are the two more distant sources of the sample, i.e. the two SSRQ 3C~207 and 3C~380. {\it Right panel:} mm (230~GHz; {\it green}), optical (R; {\it blue}), X-ray (2.4-10~keV; {\it magenta}) and $\gamma$-ray (0.1-100~GeV; {\it red}) light curves of 3C~111. mm-to-X-ray data are from \protect\cite[Chatterjee et al. (2011)]{chatterjee11}, $\gamma$-ray data are from \protect\cite[Grandi et al. (2012)]{grandi3c111}. The {\it black dotted lines} limit the flare event  in late 2008 (October 4-December 4). The {\it black arrow} marks the time of ejection of the radio knot. {\it Red downward arrows} are $\gamma$-ray 2$\sigma$ upper limits.}
    \label{fig1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\noindent
{\bf Localisation of the $\gamma$-ray emitting region}\\
\noindent
One challenging aspect of the high-energy study of MAGN, and of blazars in general, is the localisation of the $\gamma$-ray emitting region. Indeed, localising where high-energy photons are dissipated with respect to the black hole has a strong impact on the physical models invoked to explain the $\gamma$-ray radiation. The site of  emission is not unique: it can occur at sub-pc scales, within the broad-line region (BLR), or outside it on pc scales, as attested by several studies performed on blazars (\cite[Abdo et al. 2010b]{abdo10b}, \cite[Jorstad et al. 2010]{jorstad10}, \cite[Agudo et al. 2011a, 2011b]{agudo11a}). MAGN are particularly suitable for this kind of study since they offer the opportunity to observe $\gamma$-ray emission processes from sub-pc up to kpc scales: different emission sites imply different seed photons involved in the Inverse Compton process producing the GeV emission\footnote{In the standard leptonic scenario.} (\cite[Tavecchio et al. 2011]{tavecchio11}).
In order to establish where the high-energy radiation is emitted a multi-wavelength (MW) approach is necessary, as demonstrated by the successful results obtained for the broad-line radio galaxies 3C~111 and 3C~120 \footnote{3C~111 is a FR~II, while 3C~120 although morphologically classified as FR~I, is characterised by a powerful accretion disk. Interestingly, these are the only AGN for which a disk/jet connection has been established (\cite[Marscher et al. 2002]{marscher02}, \cite[Chatterjee et al. 2011]{chatterjee11}).}: in these two sources the radio-to-$\gamma$-ray study allowed to establish a clear link between intense $\gamma$-ray flares and the expulsion of bright superluminal knots in the radio core. In 3C~111,
a MW outburst occurred in late 2008 (Fig.\,\ref{fig1} \emph{right panel}) was attributed to the ejection of a new radio blob (\cite[Grandi et al. 2012]{grandi3c111}): the emitting region was compact ($\leq$0.1~pc) and the event was localised in the radio core at $\sim$0.3~pc from the black hole.
A similar result was obtained by \cite[Tanaka et al. (2015)]{tanaka15} from a six-year MW monitoring of 3C~120. Also in this case the $\gamma$-ray flare was related to the ejection of a knot from the radio core at sub-pc distance from the black hole. This finding was further confirmed by \cite[Casadio et al. (2015)]{casadio15} who could better constrain the site of the emitting region within $\sim$0.13~pc by exploiting mm-VLBI data. In the examples above the emitting region is located within the BLR, however, in other cases like M87 different dissipation zones have been found, depending on the event producing the outburst\footnote{In M87 a long-term MW campaign and very-high energy data have allowed to identify different emitting regions: the TeV flare occurred in 2005 was associated with an X-ray burst of the knot HST-1, at 0.85$''$ from the nucleus. In 2008, the coincidence of another TeV flare with radio flares confined the VHE photon production region within 10 Schwarzschild radii. Finally, the 2010 TeV flare was not accompanied by an enhancement of the radio flux but by an increase in the \emph{Chandra} X-ray flux 3 days after the flare, making hard to unambiguously interpret the data.} (\cite[Aharonian et al. 2006]{aharonian06}, \cite[Harris et al. 2006]{harris06}, \cite[Acciari et al. 2009]{acciari09}, \cite[Abramowski et al. 2012]{abramowski12}).
Although the potentiality of such studies is great, MAGN having dedicated long-term MW campaigns are a few. Multi-frequency monitoring is a difficult task that requires a huge effort to collect (quasi-)simultaneous data necessary to find  connections among different wavebands. However, it would be very important to have ongoing MW campaigns on MAGN when the CTA observatory will be operative. This would represent a great step forward in the comprehension of the jet structure and evolution. \\

\noindent
\textit{Extended $\gamma$-ray emission}\\
\noindent
Extended radio lobes represent another possible site of production of high-energy photons (\cite[Cheung 2007]{cheung07}, \cite[Hardcastle et al. 2009]{hardcastle09}) as confirmed by the LAT detection of the lobes in the FR~I radio galaxy Centaurus~A (\cite[Abdo et al. 2010c]{abdocena}).
The detection and imaging of extended $\gamma$-ray emission is challenging given (i) the PSF of the LAT (the 68$\%$ containment PSF is $\sim$0.8~deg at 1~GeV) and (ii) because the emission is isotropic and not boosted by relativistic effects. Indeed, in Centaurus~A it was possible to separate the contribution of the two lobes from the core in 10 months of data thanks to the proximity of the source (z=0.001825) and to the total angular extent of its lobes ($\sim$10~deg).
The flux above 100~MeV of the two lobes accounts for more than half of the total $\gamma$-ray flux of the source and the emission is likely produced through Inverse Compton (IC) scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB).
Very recently, $\gamma$-ray extended emission was also found in the FR~I Fornax~A (\cite[Ackermann et al. 2016]{ackermann16}) in 6.1 years of data. The source is very nearby (z=0.005871) and the radio lobes span $\sim$50$'$, but differently from Cen~A, the core flux accounts for less than 14$\%$ of the total $\gamma$-ray flux. However, an IC/CMB-EBL model (\cite[Georganopoulos et al. 2008]{georga08}, \cite[Dom\'inguez et al. 2011]{dominguez11}) alone is not sufficient to reproduce the extended emission  because it underestimates the high-energy fluxes. A second component, in addition to the leptonic one, is required and this could be of hadronic origin (\cite[McKinley et al. 2015]{mckinley15}).
Finally, the \emph{Fermi}-LAT detection of a young Compact Symmetric Object (CSO), i.e. PKS~1718-649 (\cite[Migliori et al. 2016]{migliori16}) further supports the non-thermal $\gamma$-ray production in the lobes (for a detailed discussion see \cite[Migliori 2018, these proceedings]{migliori18}). \\

\noindent{\bf FR~I Spectral Energy Distributions}\\
\noindent
Observations of FR~Is at high- (HE) and very-high (VHE) energies\footnote{HE: $>$100~MeV; VHE: $>$100~GeV (see e.g. \cite[Aharonian 2012]{aharonian12}).} have questioned the pure one-zone SSC model, generally applied to reproduce their spectral energy distributions (SED), because it implies bulk velocities of the jet much lower than BL Lacs ($\Gamma \leq$3). This is at odd with the Unified Scenario in which FR~Is are the misaligned counterpart of BL Lacs. The problem is overcome if stratified jets, consisting of different regions moving at different velocities and mutually interacting, are assumed (\cite[Georganopoulos et al. 2003]{georga03}, \cite[Ghisellini et al. 2005]{ghisellini05}, \cite[B\"ottcher et al. 2010]{bottcher10}): these models were successfully applied to the SED of M87 (\cite[Abdo et al. 2009a]{abdo09a}), NGC~6251 (\cite[Migliori et al. 2011]{migliori11}) and NGC~1275 (\cite[Abdo et al. 2009b]{abdo09b}), suggesting that in FR~Is the presence of slower components could play an important role in amplifying the GeV emission. Interestingly, a limb-brightened jet structure has been observed in M87 (\cite[Kovalev et al. 2007]{kovalev07}) and recently in NGC~1275 (\cite[Giovannini et al. 2018]{giovannini18}, Giovannini 2018, these proceedings).
In FR~IIs the external layers could be less prominent or even absent and/or the deceleration processes less efficient, explaining their rarity in the GeV sky. Other possible sources of $\gamma$-ray photons could be magnetic reconnection events along the jets or in the vicinity of the black hole (\cite[Giannios et al. 2010]{giannios10}, \cite[Khiali et al. 2015]{khiali15}). Hadronic models  based on proton-photon interactions have been also developed to provide connections among AGN, ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) and neutrinos (\cite[B\"ottcher 2012]{bottcher12}, \cite[Becker \& Biermann 2009]{becker09}).\\

\noindent
\textit{Temporal variability}\\
\noindent
Studying $\gamma$-ray variability is a powerful tool to further explore the jet structure issue in FR~Is and FR~IIs.
The two classes show a different temporal behaviour:  FR~Is are detected, on average, for most of the time by the LAT and their light curves do not show variability structures, as suggested by the 3FGL variability index\footnote{The variability index is an indicator of the variability of a source on timescales of months. For the 3FGL catalog (\cite[Acero et al. 2015]{3fgl}), an index $>$72.4 indicates that the source is variable at a 99$\%$ confidence level.} TS$_{\rm var} <$72.4 (\cite[Grandi et al. 2013]{grandi13}). On the contrary, FR~IIs are observed only when intense and rapid flares occur (Fig.\,\ref{fig1} \emph{right panel}). Within this picture an outstanding exception is NGC~1275 which shows a blazar-like behavior and a rapid variability on timescales of days to weeks (\cite[Tanada et al. 2018]{tanada18}).\\

\noindent{\bf The FR~0 radio galaxy Tol1326-379}\\
\noindent
The increased exposure time of the LAT survey combined with recent large-area surveys such as SDSS/NVSS/FIRST (\cite[Best \& Heckman 2012]{bh12}) allowed to explore for the first time the GeV emission of RGs at low radio fluxes ($\sim$mJy). This is the realm of FR~0 sources (\cite[Baldi et al. 2015]{baldi15}), i.e. compact radio galaxies (radio size $\leq$5~kpc) that represent the bulk of the RL AGN population in the local Universe (\cite[Baldi et al. 2018]{baldi18}).
\cite[Grandi et al. (2016)]{grandi16} proposed the association of a 3LAC source with the FR~0 Tol1326-379, offering the opportunity to investigate for the first time the behavior of these objects in the high-energy domain. FR~0s are similar to FR~Is in the optical and X-ray properties, i.e. they are classified as low-excitation galaxies and their X-ray radiation is of non-thermal origin, likely produced by the jet (\cite[Torresi et al. 2018]{torresi18}).
In $\gamma$-rays, the flux of Tol1326-379 is similar to FR~Is, $F_{(>1~GeV)}=(3.1\pm0.8)\times10^{-10}~\rm ph~\rm cm^{-2}~\rm s^{-1}$ but the spectrum is steeper, $\Gamma$=2.78$\pm$0.14.
The SED of Tol1326-379  resembles that of Cen~A,  known to lie close to the plane of the sky, $\theta \sim50-80^{\circ}$.
Therefore, also for the compact FR~0 source the orientation angle could be large and the process responsible for the $\gamma$-ray emission is likely the same as extended FR~Is.\\

\section{Radio galaxies in the TeV regime}
\noindent
Up to now, only a few radio galaxies have a very-high energy counterpart (Table~1): all of them are nearby (z$<$0.06) FR~Is.
Despite their limited number, observations of radio galaxies in the TeV band have already produced intriguing results. For example, (i) the synergy between VHE data and MW observations have allowed to localise the emitting regions in M87  (Sec.~2); (ii) the fast ($\Delta$T$\sim$4.8~minutes) TeV variability, recently caught by MAGIC in IC~310 (\cite[Aleksi\'c et al. 2014]{aleksic14}), has questioned the classical shock-in-jet scenario (\cite[Blandford et al. 1979]{blandford79}) invoking sub-horizon scale structures as a possible explanation for the extreme temporal behavior (Glawion 2018, these proceedings); (iii) the extrapolation of \emph{Fermi}-LAT data to higher energies has evidenced that a second hard component, whose nature is still debated, is necessary to account for the H.E.S.S. flux (\cite[Sahakian et al. 2013]{sahakian13}). It would be important to observe such a structure in other radio galaxies in order to understand if it is (or not) a common characteristic of MAGN.
A major problem at the moment, is the difficulty in extrapolating the model from the GeV to the TeV band since data are often not simultaneous. Hopefully, this issue will be overcome with CTA that working as an observatory in synergy with other facilities, will provide simultaneous data in a very wide energy band from a few MeV up to hundreds TeV.
Thanks to the improvement in sensitivity by a factor of 5x to 20x, depending on the energy range, with respect to the current Cherenkov telescopes, CTA will give a significant contribution in characterising MAGN at very-high energies (\cite[Angioni et al. 2017]{angioni17}). Fig.\,\ref{fig3} is a diagnostic plot showing the detectability of a source by CTA (northern and southern arrays) given a LAT spectral slope and a flux in the 1-100~GeV band: sources with $\Gamma_{\rm LAT}\leq$2.1 can be easily revealed for fluxes down to 10$^{-10}$ph~cm$^{-2}$~s$^{-1}$. As the slope steepens, larger fluxes are required to overcome the sensitivity threshold of the array. Incidentally, we note that this plot predicted the possible detection of PKS~0625-35 and 3C~264, later revealed by H.E.S.S. and VERITAS, respectively (\cite[Dyrda et al. 2015]{dyrda15}, \cite[H.E.S.S. collaboration 2018]{hess18}, \cite[Mukherjee 2018]{mukherjee18}).

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
 \includegraphics[width=2.2in]{fig2.pdf}

 \caption{Diagnostic plot for MAGN with known \emph{Fermi}-LAT flux and spectral slope reproduced from \cite[Angioni et al. (2017)]{angioni17}. The \emph{blue} and \emph{red lines} define the region where a source can be detected by CTA North and South, respectively, assuming a threshold TS$=$100. \emph{Green filled circles} are radio galaxies already detected by current IACT telescopes (before the detection of PKS~0625-35 and 3C~264). \emph{Blue filled circles} are TS$>$100 detections with the northern array and \emph{red filled circles} with the southern array. \emph{Empty circles} represent  TS$<$100 detections.}
   \label{fig3}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Summary and conclusions}
\noindent
In the last decade our view of RGs above 100~MeV has greatly changed.
Indeed, the \emph{Fermi} satellite confirmed RGs as a class of $\gamma$-ray emitters, in spite of the unfavourable inclination angle of their jets. Although they are a small number with respect to the blazars detected by \emph{Fermi} ($<$2$\%$ in the 3 LAC), studying RGs at high- and very-high energies is of great importance to understand the jet phenomenon and to reveal the jet structure complexity. In particular, the observation of RGs in the GeV band has evidenced that: (i) $\gamma$-ray photons can be produced in different sites and at different scales along the jet and in the radio lobes; (ii) a one-zone SSC model used to reproduce the SED of FR~Is is oversimplified: structured jets, magnetic reconnection events or hadronic processes have been invoked to reconcile the data with the Unified Models; (iii) the different detection rate and temporal variability of FR~Is and FR~IIs suggest possible intrinsic jet differences between these two classes.\\
RGs in the TeV band are almost unexplored, however the few detections obtained so far with the current IACTs already produced promising results, such as the sub-horizon scale variability in IC~310 or the second hard component found in Cen~A. CTA will have a strong impact on our comprehension of RGs as a class by detecting additional sources and better characterising those already known to emit TeV $\gamma$-ray photons. This will be very important to shed light on the mechanism producing the VHE radiation, e.g. leptonic or hadronic processes or both. Indeed, RGs are considered good candidates as extragalactic cosmic-ray accelerators, e.g. the relativistic jets and the radio lobes offer an ideal environment where particles can be accelerated, and thus they could be sources of high-energy neutrinos (\cite[Fraija et al. 2016]{fraija16}, \cite[Hooper 2016]{hooper16}, \cite[Murase 2018]{murase18}, \cite[Matthews et al. 2018]{matthews18}).

\section*{Acknowledgments}
\noindent
{\scriptsize
The CTA Consortium is gratefully acknowledged. ET would like to thank the two reviewers of the CTA SAPO for their useful comments.
ET thanks P.~Grandi, G.~Migliori and G.~Giovannini for reading the manuscript and for insightful suggestions.
The
Fermi
LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number
of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis.  These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat `a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National
de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et
de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy,
the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
(MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and
the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council
and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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fungi pictures and names uk
For ease of use we have grouped all jelly fungi (heterobasidiomycetes) together. Pictures, habitat descriptions, spore colour, and macroscopic / microscopic identifying features of more than 600 fungi species, with links to picture galleries and detailed identification guides for each individual species. Poisonous mushrooms: 7 of the most dangerous mushrooms in the UK. These groups cover most of the fungi you will see. Here are seven to watch out for in the UK. Mushroom identification help. If you have found this information helpful, we are sure you would also find our book Fascinated by Fungi by Pat O'Reilly very useful. Mushrooms like to grow on decaying matter. Apr 29, 2019 - Explore Florida Museum's board "Fungi", followed by 19760 people on Pinterest. Red Cage Fungus. "Boletus edulis� is the scientific name. They live on land, in the water, in the air, and even in and on plants and animals. This backs up information given on foraging courses led by The Foraging Course Company. Another way to tell a poisonous mushroom from a safe one is to look under the cap. Grifola frondosa grow well at … Mycologists arrange fungi into classes > orders > families > genera Connections between fungi and trees are often critical in determining tree vitality and stability. Fungus orders and families are the basis for most of the Identification sections of If the mushroom appears to have a second cap or ring of tissue beneath the cap, don't eat it since it could be poisonous. If you click on a caption, the details regarding that mushroom is shown. With sinister names - destroying angel, funeral bell and deathcap - it's a warning to steer clear. 10. English names for fungi (July 2019) A working party formed in 2005 after the publication of the Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota has been increasing the number of common English language names for our fungi. Pictures, descriptions, taxonomic history, habitat and distribution information on more than 700 fungi species are available via this Sortable Index Table... (Fungi listed here belong to - Class Basidiomycota unless marked Maitake (Grifola frondosa or hen of the woods): Maitake mushrooms have many names. Ascomycota is the largest phylum of fungi with over 64,000 species. However it is possible to get to know the main groups of fungi that are shown below. Learn what to look out for I have also included some photographs taken in the Republic of Ireland. Here's a guide to the most poisonous fungi in Britain. Common names such as puffballs, stink horns and jelly mushrooms all fit into the general mushroom category. Identify wild mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, ID bracket fungi arranged by common … The mushrooms are grouped by family, so closely related mushrooms are listed together. A list of edible wild mushrooms found in the UK. species. Restricting the types of mushrooms to some basic pore, gilled or shelf mushroom categories does leave a big hole in the mushroom world. This mushroom has a smooth, brown cap about 2.5 cm wide. This is the most popular mushroom used for the Porcini mushroom soup and culinary purpose. They are a fun group of mushrooms to look for while hiking. There are two main groups, or subphyla: Pezizomycotina and Saccharomycotina. Of course, to be on the safe side, always bring a special fungus guide with you. Back to: CalPhotos > Browse Photos > Fungi > Common Names << previous Black - Blotched next >>. Lots of pictures for easy identification plus other features like spore prints, habitat and height. Terms of use - Privacy policy - Disable cookies - External links policy, Psathyrellaceae - Brittlestems and allies. Additionally, pick mushrooms with white, tan, or brown caps and stems, but avoid red mushrooms, which are typically dangerous to eat. Some of these fungi are extremely valuable to humans for their culinary applications. Welcome to Fungi World Fungi World is a photographic website showing what I hope are good quality photographs of predominantly British fungi. Helen Keating • 05 Nov 2018 There are poisonous mushrooms out there, and some of them are deadly. Subphylum Pezizomycotina. See more ideas about Stuffed mushrooms, Mushroom fungi, Magical mushrooms. The Kingdom of fungi is vast, fungi play vital roles in many ecosystems and are crucial to the lifecycles of many plant species on this planet. See more ideas about fungi, stuffed mushrooms, mushroom fungi. 12. Our guide aims to help you identify the best to eat and the most important ones not to pick. They vary widely in size and form, from the microscopically small to the largest organisms on Earth (at several square miles large). this Guide. If you have found this information helpful, we are sure you would also find our book Fascinated by Fungi by Pat O'Reilly very useful. Last updated: Nov 28 2020. Porcini mushroom, known by various names like penny bun, porcino, and Cep. This foraging guide is designed to help identify edible mushrooms (fungi) and their poisonous lookalikes growing in the UK. Click on the pictures to enlarge them. Apr 3, 2019 - Explore Jooli Khoo's board "Mushrooms With Names", followed by 273 people on Pinterest. If your yard is shaded and has heavy soil such as clay, and has poor drainage, you are more likely to see mushrooms growing. You can purchase this mushroom from the market in a fresh and dried form. There are very many species of fungi, perhaps 8 times as many species of fungi as flowering plants in UK so it is a huge task to learn them all, indeed even the experts struggle. This indicates that the same common name is being used for more than one scientific name. Browse 3,481 poisonous mushroom stock photos and images available, or search for toadstool or edible mushroom to find more great stock photos and pictures. Pezizomycotina fungi have fruiting bodies similar to mushrooms and include morels, truffles, ergot, and cup fungi. You can see different types of fungi with pictures but the Red Cage is the fungi of the Stinkhorn family. Never rely on one source for mushroom identification, and never eat … Fungi are a huge and fascinating kingdom with over 15,000 species in the UK. The beautiful fungi but sometimes dirty and strange looks Mushroom found through North America and Europe. These online guides are a new feature, so are constantly expanding. Asc = Ascomycota, Zyg = Zygomycota.). Mushrooms (fungi) are listed alphabetically by common name. Pictures, habitat descriptions, spore colour, and macroscopic / microscopic identifying features of more than 600 fungi species, with links to picture galleries and detailed identification guides for each individual species. Aside from maitake and Grifola frondosa, its scientific name, the mushroom is also referred to as sheep's head, ram's head, and hen-of-the-wood. There are roughly 15,000 types of wild fungi in the UK. Similarly all bracket and crust fungi are also grouped, as also are the various puffballs, earthballs, earthstars and stiltballs that, together with stinkhorns, are by tradition called gasteromycetes (even though there is no scientific justification for their being categorised together other than the fact that they all produce spores inside some kind of ball or 'stomach').
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2020 fungi pictures and names uk


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Julia Roberts will star in and produce a feature adaptation of the Batkid documentary Batkid Begins: The Wish Heard around the World.
Batkid documentary, directed by Dana Nachman, is debuting at this year's Slamdance Film Festival on January 24, and follows the story of Miles Scott, a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with leukemia who wanted to be Batman for a day.
Julia Roberts will produce alongside partners Lisa Gillan and Marisa Yeres Gill through their Red Om Films banner.
Dana Nachman will serve as executive producer with Josh and Dan Braun of Submarine.


text:
Ashlee Edwards Winkler
A native of Hampton, South Carolina, Ashlee attended The University of South Carolina in Aiken where she graduated Cum Laude and received her Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology with a Criminal Justice concentration. During her undergraduate career, she was inducted into the Thomas Hallman Hall of Fame, an award that is given to one graduating senior each year that excels in leadership and served as the President of Phi Mu Fraternity, a Greek organization that she remains involved with today.
Ashlee went on to receive her law degree from Thomas M. Cooley Law School in Auburn Hills, Michigan. During her law school career she was involved with the Criminal Law Society, Women's Law Association, Sports and Entertainment Law Society, and Moot Court. She worked as a law clerk intern for the Honorable Judge John J. McDonald at the Oakland County Circuit Court and interned at the Michigan State Appellate Defender's Office.
Once she returned to South Carolina, Ashlee interned here at Parham Smith and Archenhold and upon admission to the South Carolina Bar in May, 2013, she made the decision to remain at the office she loved. Ashlee focuses on a wide range of personal injury cases as well as product liability.
South Carolina, 2013
Thomas M. Cooley Law School, Auburn Hills, Michigan
University of South Carolina , Aiken, South Carolina
B.A., Bachelor of Arts
Honors: Thomas Hallman Hall of Fame
Honorable Judge John J. McDonald , Law Clerk
Michigan State Appellate Defender's Office, Intern