text:
Author: Vanessa Love
Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13)
Some believe Mara simply means "gang" or the name of a street in San Salvador.[i] Others, however, identify the name with the Marabunta ants of Central America, who are all nomadic social predators.[ii] Salvatrucha means street wise toughness and m the thirteenth letter of the alphabet, may refer to 13th street where the gang (MS-13) was formed, or reference connections with the Mexican mafia.[iii] There are currently many theories of what (MS-13) means but no one can pin point the exact definition.
The origin of MS- 13 is less ambiguous, and can be understood as a combination of two factors.[iv] These factors are: the violence from the civil war in El Salvador, and the effect of the United States culture on immigrants coming from El Salvador.[v] El Salvador's history of violence, persistent poverty, and crime, also contributed to the formation of MS-13.[vi] In the 1980's, El Salvador was engaged in a civil war, during which more than one million people fled. Half of these people formed sizable communities in Los Angles and Washington D.C.[vii] Some of these immigrants were former members of gangs while others were former members of paramilitary groups.[viii]
The former members of paramilitary groups (Farabundo Mari National Liberation Front) were trained to use explosives, firearms, and other combat tactics.[ix] They utilized these tactics in the U.S. when they needed protection from American community gangs (Asian, African-American, and Mexican). This need for protection provided the incentives for the El Salvadorian immigrants to form their own gang (MS-13). Ernesto Miranda, one of the founders of MS-13 stated, "In the beginning there were 30 of us. We were around 11 years old."[x] From this beginning, (MS-13) expanded and became known for extreme levels of violence, compared to the level of violence utilized in other American gangs.[xi] The 1992 Peace Accords, ended the civil conflict in El Salvador, and demobilized more than 30,000 Salvadoran armed forces soldiers, 6,400 national police, and 8,500 other combatants[xii]. This demobilization left thousands of soldiers – ideal candidates for gang recruitment – unemployed.[xiii] This lack of employment led to an increase in the membership of gangs in Central America.The 1996 U.S. Immigration reform also increased the membership of MS-13 through deportation. Mass deportation of criminal gang members from the United States contributed to the gang's trans-nationalism.[xiv] U.S. deportation policies resulted in an unending chain of gang members being removed from the United States to Central America, and then returning to the United States illegally.[xv] This unending chain only increased MS-13 activity, since it provided U.S. gang members the ability to expand in Central American Countries that lacked the legal resources to stop them. These countries (Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras) also had a large youth population, extreme poverty, and high unemployment, which provided fertile ground for MS-13 to expand and recruit new members.[xvi]
Current Operating Situation
The actual size and membership is unknown, but experts estimate that there are 8,000 to 10,000 members in the U.S. and anywhere from 50,000 to 300,000 members worldwide.[xvii] There are members in 31 states and the District of Columbia and three Central American countries: El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras.[xviii] There are also reports of the gang being in Mexico, Spain, and Israel.[xix] Local neighborhood cliques comprise the backbone of the gang's organizational structure. These individual cliques operate with different degrees of sophistication, but most exhibit at best, a rudimentary command and control structure.[xx] Much like a terrorist cell, each clique has a boss or leader with absolute authority over the clique.[xxi] Each clique operates autonomously from the other cliques in the gang; however, leaders often communicate with one another to further intrastate criminal enterprises, hunt down enemies, and rally support for ongoing turf wars with rival members.[xxii] MS-13's multi clique meetings are one example of the how the gangs communicate. At these meetings, gang members coordinate their activities, exchange information regarding law enforcement actions and efforts, and issue punishment and/or sanctions for infractions of the gang's code.[xxiii]
Overview of Activities and External Relationships
MS-13 engages in a multitude of illicit activities. In fact, "once they take root the Maras activities expand rapidly, starting with neighborhood taxes and supposedly extending to international drug trafficking".[xxiv] MS-13 conducts more illicit activities in Guatemala because the state is weak and the police force is understaffed. "In Guatemala, they smuggle drugs, participate in human trafficking, and control prison systems…"[xxv] MS-13 engages in illicit activity in the United States, but it is not as rampant as it is in Guatemala. Presumably, because the state is strong, corruption is lower, and there are adequate police forces. The crimes MS-13 commits in the U.S. are burglary, car theft, drug sales, home invasion, robbery, weapons smuggling, carjacking, extortion, illegal firearms sale, aggravated assault, rape, and murder.[xxvi]
Barrio 18 (M-18, 18th Street Gang)
Originally known as 18th Street gang, M-18 formed in the 1960s by Mexican-American youth in the Pico Union neighborhood of Los Angeles, California.[xxvii] The founders of the gang started M-18 because they were excluded from native-born Mexican American gangs.[xxviii] Originally, the gangs "cliques"were the composed of Mexican immigrants in Southern California, but soon M-18 began to recruit members from a variety of backgrounds.[xxix]
M-18 is a much larger gang then the MS-13 in terms of overall membership, with approximately 30,000 members' nationwide, compared to 8,000-10,000 MS-13 members nationwide.[xxx] Some research suggests that M-18, like MS-13, was transplanted to Central America with the deportation of aliens to Central America and Mexico in the mid-1990s,while other critics suggest that gang activity in Central America is nothing new.[xxxi] Similar to MS-13, M-18 has "clickas" in El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico.[xxxii] Initiation in M-18 is similar to MS-13 – the members can be jumped in or sexed in, in the case of female members. The jump-in typically applies to adolescent males, but females may opt to be jumped-in as well.[xxxiii] During the jump-in process, MS-13 members are beaten for thirteen seconds while MS-18 members are beaten for eighteen seconds.[xxxiv] The sexed-in method or the "train" requires a female to engage in sex with numerous members of the gang. Once initiated, members of both of the gangs are subject to a probationary period generally lasting two months.[xxxv]
Following a series of violent incidents between the M-18 and MS-13, prison officials separated the gangs.[xxxvi] This allowed the gangs to reorganize their members on the inside.[xxxvii] On the outside, M-18 branched into kidnapping, petty drug trafficking, and contract killings.[xxxviii] There are also reports of M-18 laundering money through small businesses such as car washes, and trying to influence policy at the highest levels.[xxxix] M-18 external relationships include ties to the Mexican mafia, the Surenos, Los Zetas, and the Sinaloa cartel.
The Salvadoran National Civilian Police (Policía Nacional Civil, PNC) estimates there are at least 25,000 gang members in El Salvador.[xl] In Honduras, officials estimate that there are than 20,000 gang members.[xli] In Guatemala, the estimated number of gang members varies between 8,500 and 175,000.[xlii] Comparing these numbers with the number of armed forces personnel in these countries reveals the fact that Central American police forces are ill-equipped to combat the growing gangs. In El Salvador, there are 17,000 armed forces, while Honduras has 8,000 armed forces and Guatemala has 31,000 armed forces.[xliii] To combat gang activity in the face of inadequate armed forces, Central American countries have enacted gang sweeps (Honduras) and heavy-handed measures known as "Mano Dura" laws (El Salvador, Guatemala).These laws and policies have not produced the desired effect of limiting gang behavior.
In fact, gang behavior is a major contributor to the violence in Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador. Since these countries are at the epicenter of the gang crisis, with some of the highest murder rates in the world.[xliv] The chart above displays the high homicide rates in Central America from 1999-2009.
MS-13 and M-18 and the Prison System
According to Nagle, "the prison systems in Central America are woefully and dangerously inadequate. Rather than facilities that isolate criminals from society, Central America's prisons have become finishing schools for organized crime and safe houses for gangs to continue their criminal conspiracies."[xlv] In Honduras, the prison system is underfunded and dangerously overcrowded. This is also the case in Guatemala.[xlvi] These inadequate prison conditions have led to numerous riots between rival gang members.[xlvii] In fact, between 2002 and 2005, a series of deadly prison riots, assaults, and fires broke out, leaving hundreds dead.[xlviii] These events made it clear that prisoners had access to firearms, explosives, and mobile phones, and that prison guards were complicit in providing such items.[xlix]
"Roughly sixty percent of the gang members in El Salvadoran prisons have either been deported from the United States, or fled the United States to evade prosecution,"according to Kovacic.[l] Most MS-13 members are housed at one particular prison, the Ciudad Barrios, to avoid riots that result from mixing prisoners from different gangs. This isolation, however, also facilitates increased organization. Therefore, the prison system in El Salvador helped MS-13 develop into a highly organized transnational criminal organization.[li] In Guatemalan prisons, guards rarely enter the cell blocks that house active gang members, and the incarcerated take advantage of the boundaries to traffic steady flow of drugs, cell phones, and sex workers.[lii]
Weak Central American States (Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador)
Gang activity is rampant in Central America because the individual states (Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador) are weak. Weak states are unable ensure the security of their citizens, which causes citizens to lose trust in the state.[liii] Some research suggests, Central American law enforcement officials lack the capacity and the resources to, target gang leaders effectively, conduct investigations, and share data.[liv]In El Salvador the PNC is responsible for maintaining security. The PNC is ineffective as a security force, because of inadequate training, insufficient government funding, lack of a uniform code of justice, and extensive corruption.[lv] This corruption extends to the prison system. In Guatemala, for example, "large areas of the state, including its prison systems- are out of the government's control."[lvi] Additionally, the justice and security sectors in Guatemala are weak, corrupt, overwhelmed, and neglected."
In addition to the state being weak, many other factors in Central America add to the gang problem. Claire Seelke stated, "Several organizations working directly with gang members have asserted that the combination of poverty, social exclusion, lack of educational, and lack of job opportunities, are perpetuating the gang problem."[lvii] Thus, any approach to solving the gang problem in Central America will need to address all these factors.
M-18 (18th Street Gang)
[i] William Harness, "Mara Salvatrucha", Conroe Police Department, 1994-2006. Http:// Police.conroeisd.net/Docs/MS-13.
[ii] Luz Nagle, "Criminal Gangs in Latin America: The Next Great Threat to Regional Security and Stability?," Texas Hispanic Journal of Law and Policy, 2008, 10. http://www.lexisnexis.com.
[iii] Ibid.
[iv] Juan Fogelbach, "Mara Salvatrucha (MS 13) and Ley Anti Mara: El Salvador's Struggle to Reclaim Social Order," San Diego International Law Journal, 2005, 226. http://www.lexisnexis.com.
[v] Ibid.
[vi] Ibid.
[vii] Melissa Sisking, "Guilt by Association: Transnational Gangs and the Merits of a New Mano Dura." George Washington International Law Review, 2008, 226. http://www.lexisnexis.com.
[viii] Ibid., 298.
[ix] Ibid.
[x] Michele Voss, "Young and Marked for Death: Expanding the definition of "Particular Social Group" in Asylum Law to Include Youth Victims of Gang Persecution," Rutgers University School of Law, 2005, 238. http://www.lexisnexis.com.
[xi] Sisking, "Guilt by Association: Transnational Gangs and the Merits of a New Mano Dura," 293.
[xii] Kelley Lineberger, "The United States-El Salvador Extradition Treaty: A Dated Obstacle in the Transnational War Against Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13)," The Vanderbilt University Law School Journal of Transnational Law, January 2011, 193. http://www.lexisnexis.com.
[xiii] Ibid.
[xiv] Jonah Temple, "The Merry Go Round of Youth Gangs: The Failure of the U.S. Immigration Removal Policy and the False Outsourcing of Crime," Boston College Third World Law Journal, Winter 2011, 195. http://www.lexisnexis.com.
[xv] Ibid., 198.
[xvi] Casey Kovacic, "Creating a Monster: MS-13 and how the United States immigration policy produced the world's most dangerous gang," Gonzaga Journal of International Law, 2008-2009, Footnote 92-94. http://www.gonzajil.org/content/view/183/26.
[xvii] "Mara Salvatrucha: What is it, why is it here, and what is to be done," 2. http://www.walkingwithelsalvador.org/Karen/Mara%20Salvatrucha%20Paper.pdf.
[xviii] Ibid.
[xix] Del Barco, "Latino Street Gang Mara Salvatrucha", National Public Radio, April 19, 2005. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php/storyid=4606846.
[xx] Jeffery Corsetti, "Marked for Death: The Maras Of Central America and Those Who Flee Their Wrath," Immigration Law Journal, 2006, 411. http://www.lexisnexis.com.
[xxi] Ibid.
[xxii] Ibid
[xxiii] Sisking, "Guilt by Association: Transnational Gangs and the Merits of a New Mano Dura," 295.
[xxiv] FBI: MS-13, National Gang Assessment, FBI, http://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2008/January/MS13_011408.
[xxv] Kevin O'Neill, "The Reckless Will: Prison Chaplaincy and the Problem of Mara Salvatrucha," Public Culture, 2010, 67. http://publicculture.dukejournals.org/content/22/1/67.abstract
[xxvi] Fogelbach, "Mara Salvatrucha (MS 13) and Ley Anti Mara: El Salvador's Struggle to Reclaim Social Order," 231.
[xxvii] Claire Franco, "The MS-13 and 18th Street gangs: Emerging Transnational Gang Threats," Congressional Research Service, 2008, 5. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34233.pdf.
[xxviii] Ibid.
[xxix] "Barrio 18.," Insight Crime, http://insightcrime.org/criminal-groups/guatemala/barrio-18-guatemala/item/1100-barrio-18-guatemala.
[xxx] Franco, "The MS-13 and 18th Street gangs: Emerging Transnational Gang Threats," 2.
[xxxi] Ibid., 3.
[xxxii] Juan Fogelbach, "Gangs, Violence, and Victims in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras", San Diego International Law Journal, 2011, 422. http://www.lexisnexis.com.
[xxxiii] Ibid.
[xxxiv] Ibid.
[xxxv] Ibid., 434.
[xxxvi] "Barrio 18.," http://insightcrime.org/criminal-groups/guatemala/barrio-18-guatemala/item/1100-barrio-18-guatemala.
[xxxvii] Ibid.
[xxxviii] Ibid.
[xxxix] Ibid.
[xl] Nagle, "Criminal Gangs in Latin America: The Next Great Threat to Regional Security and Stability?," 12.
[xli] Ibid., 13.
[xlii] Ibid.
[xliii] Ibid., 235.
[xliv] Claire Seelke, "Gangs in Central America", Congressional Research Service, 2011, 1. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34112.pdf.
[xlv] Nagle, "Criminal Gangs in Latin America: The Next Great Threat to Regional Security and Stability?," 20.
[xlvi] Ibid.
[xlvii] Kovacic, "Creating a Monster: MS-13 and how the United States immigration policy produced the world's most dangerous gang," Footnote 106.
[xlviii] "The Danger of Dungeons: Prison Gangs and Incarcerated Militant Groups," Small Arms Survey, 2010, 164. http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2010.html.
[xlix] Ibid.
[l] Kovacic, "Creating a Monster: MS-13 and how the United States immigration policy produced the world's most dangerous gang," Footnote 106.
[li] Ibid.
[lii] O'Neill, "The Reckless Will: Prison Chaplaincy and the Problem of Mara Salvatrucha," 74.
[liii] Seelke, "Gangs in Central America", 6.
[liv] Ibid.
[lv] "El Salvador Human Rights Profile," U.S. Department of State, 2010,6. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/160164.pdf.
[lvi] "The Drug War Hits Central America," The Economist, 2011. http://www.economist.com/18560287.
[lvii] Seelke, "Gangs in Central America", 2.


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Buchinga, also known as Ebuchinga, is a small town in the Western Province of Kenya.

It is located approximately 15 kilometers west of Kakamega and 20 kilometres east of Mumias (Latitude: .283333 / Longitude: 34.65). It has a primary and a secondary school. Buchinga was established near the intersection of the road to Kakamega and the road to Bukura. Its residents are primarily of the Olutstootso Luhya ethnic group. Buchinga is the site of a vibrant market, which offers good prices on sugarcane.

References

Populated places in Western Province (Kenya)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Commentary by David McDowell: "The power of rhetoric is dramatically demonstrated...as people immediately saw a charismatic quality in Bush that hadn't really been evident.... especially the moment when Bush touches the raw nerve of the crowd. At the moment he says "I can hear you," he seems to ignite patriotic passions in the hearts of the onlookers, kick-starting an outpouring of emotion. Seizing the moment, Bush repeats the phrase and then expands on it, rising to a climax as he vows revenge against the perpetrators. That sparks off a frenzy of baying from the crowd. Interestingly, someone in the crowd yells "God bless America!" and Bush quickly echoes it back to the crowd, signifying a two-way flow - a bond - between him and the crowd."
U.S. Copyright Status: This text = Property of AmericanRhetoric.com. Audio, Video, Images = Public domain.


School librarians typically work with students in a school library or media center. The daily job responsibilities of a school library media specialist tend to reflect the roles of teacher, instructional partner, administrator and information specialist.
You will take an active role in teaching information literacy skills, collaborating with teachers on lessons, assisting teachers with curriculum resources and integrating technology into the curriculum.
You will have an administrative role in managing all aspects of the school library, such as developing the collection of library resources and making them available to students and staff.
As an information specialist, you will instruct others on evaluating and accessing information resources.
The K-12 School Library Media Licensure-only option is for individuals who already hold a teaching certificate and wish to pursue this path to becoming a school librarian. Other options include obtaining a Master of Library and Information Science with the K-12 school library media licensure or, if you don't already have a teaching certificate, the Master of Library and Information Science / Master of Education dual degree with K-12 licensure.
The licensure-only option leads to a multi-age licensure in school library media and prepares graduates to work in school libraries only.
"Each state has different requirements to meet in order for a person to receive for certification or licensure. For school librarians, many states first require certification or licensure as a teacher before the librarian certification can be obtained. Some states require a master's degree, while others require only certification or licensure. Contact the state department of education where you plan to work for details. Many states will accept the teacher's/library certification from another state. If you move to another state, you will want to check with the certifying agency to determine if your certificates are transferable or accepted. With a Master's degree you have a wider selection of options for employment with other types of libraries, so your mobility, career aspirations, current life obligations, and location will also impact your choice of degree or licensure only."
Contact Meghan Harper, Ph.D., at sharper1@kent.edu or the School at ischool@kent.edu with additional questions.


What Does The Name Madoly Mean?
What Madolys Have Visited This Page?
How difficult is it to pronounce Madoly?
Can Madoly be pronounced multiple ways?
We noticed you have a microphone. If you know how to pronounce Madoly, just click the button to record. We'll save it, review it, and post it to help others. Recordings from children under 18 are not allowed.
What does the name Madoly mean? Find out below.
How unique is the name Madoly? Out of 5,933,561 records in the U.S. Social Security Administration public data, the first name Madoly was not present. It is possible the name you are searching has less than five occurrences per year.
Weird things about the name Madoly: Your name in reverse order is Ylodam. A random rearrangement of the letters in your name (anagram) will give Odalmy. How do you pronounce that?


Download the Timebox app from the App Store. The Welcome Pages will help you get started.
Why do I have to enter my name and birthday when I get started with Timebox?
Your real name and birthday are optional but if you provide them, Timebox can provide a more personalized experience. For example, the Stories page works better if Timebox knows your birthday. If you do not enter your birthday, Timebox will set your birthday to a date 30 years ago because the app requires some date to work properly.
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The Family category will have a story with either your name, "First Name Last Name", or the incorrect name. Tap it to open it, and you will see the Relationship field is Self. Tap the Edit button and you will be able to change the name and date by tapping on the appropriate field.
Can I import my profile information from Facebook?
Yes, from the Cloud Options button just tap Import from Facebook.


Floods and climate change go hand in hand.
Without doubt, the changing climate of the Earth could cause several problems in future years.
We have all probably heard of how climate change is melting ice caps in the Arctic and is threatening polar bear habitat. However, it also can cause food and water shortages and other problems.
In addition, scientists have associated climate change and flooding as correlative. As the Earth's climate changes, floods will occur more often and will become more devastating.
Climate change has contributed to an increase in the intensity and frequency of floods, along with hurricanes, heat waves, droughts, wildfires, dust storms, and tornadoes.
This is due to the fact that climate change entails changes in precipitation, along with temperature, wind patterns, atmospheric pressure, cloudiness, and humidity.
Many scientists agree that climate change can and will increase heavy rainfall and storms across the US, which of course signifies more floods.
Plus, we have all probably heard of how it is projected that the sea levels will rise. This is due to climate change and as a result of it lower elevation areas could find themselves under water in future areas.
Although climate change is also considered to lower rainfall, when the rain comes it pours and can cause heavy damage to a community, as demonstrated by hurricane Sandy.
Speaking of hurricane Sandy, floods in recent years have devastated huge areas. Actually, New York City has finally considered changes to infrastructure in order to protect the citizens.
Global warming is projected to increase risks of floods throughout the U.S. and particularly the Midwest and Northeast.
Moreover, it will affect the rest of the world as well.
In July of 2012, floods in Japan left around 30 dead or missing. Heavy rains in Brazil just this past month devastated homes and could have potentially caused deadly mudslides.
In Great Britain in 2012, 800 homes were flooded. The floods caused a couple of deaths, many people to be evacuated, and certain infrastructure to be shut down.
The significance of these floods is greater than one would first think.
Besides shutting down whole cities, destroying homes, and causing deaths, floods have other impacts as well.
Floods can cause drinking water to become contaminated, and with the water shortage that is already being predicted to happen as a result of climate change, this makes the problem even worse.
Floods can also cause hazards such as disease-carrying animals and spills of chemicals or other hazardous materials.
Overall, floods are significant because they pose risks to people's health and to entire communities.
In 2012, floods were responsible for over 10 billion dollars in damages in the United States alone.
However, the phenomenon of floods and climate change is but one of many.
In truth, there are many severe effects of climate change that will affect millions of lives and may even threaten the very existence of mankind.
In order to prevent natural disasters from getting worse, we must do what we can do stop climate change.


text:
14 jobs requiring a bachelor's degree that might not be around in 10 years
0 0 Friday, November 29, 2019 Edit this post
© Joyce N. Boghosian
By Andy Kiersz, Business Insider
Getting a college degree is an important first step in many careers.
However, not every occupation that requires a college degree is set to expand in the next several years.
Every two years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics releases employment projections for the United States. These estimate how many people are likely to be employed in various jobs over the next decade.
The most recently released projections cover how employment is expected to change between 2018 and 2028. The projections also include typical educational requirements for each job. Using those projections, we found the 14 jobs that require a bachelor's degree or higher that the BLS projects will have a decline in employment over the decade.
Here are the jobs, along with their median annual salaries as of May 2018, the most recently available data:
14. Writers and authors: Employment is projected to fall from 123,200 in 2018 to 123,000 in 2028, a 0.1% drop.
© Sara Lepley
Median annual salary in 2018: $62,170
13. Nuclear engineers: Employment is projected to fall from 17,700 in 2018 to 17,600 in 2028, a 0.5% drop.
© Idaho National Laboratory/flickr
Median annual salary in 2018: $107,600
12. Electronics engineers (except computers): Employment is projected to fall from 138,500 in 2018 to 137,300 in 2028, a 0.9% drop.
© Ctd 2005/flickr
11. Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents: Employment is projected to fall from 58,200 in 2018 to 56,800 in 2028, a 2.4% drop.
© Susan Walsh/AP
10. Editors: Employment is projected to fall from 118,300 in 2018 to 114,900 in 2028, a 2.9% drop.
9. Postsecondary vocational education teachers: Employment is projected to fall from 125,600 in 2018 to 121,800 in 2028, a 3.0% drop.
© Spencer Platt/Getty Images
8. Insurance underwriters: Employment is projected to fall from 110,400 in 2018 to 105,000 in 2028, a 4.9% drop.
7. Chief executives: Employment is projected to fall from 263,200 in 2018 to 248,800 in 2028, a 5.5% drop.
6. Computer programmers: Employment is projected to fall from 250,300 in 2018 to 232,300 in 2028, a 7.2% drop.
© Joe Raedle/Getty Images
5. Radio and television announcers: Employment is projected to fall from 38,300 in 2018 to 35,600 in 2028, a 7.3% drop.
© Flavio~/flickr
4. Buyers and purchasing agents: Employment is projected to fall from 432,200 in 2018 to 400,200 in 2028, a 7.4% drop.
© Morsa Images/Getty Images
3. Labor relations specialists: Employment is projected to fall from 79,200 in 2018 to 72,600 in 2028, an 8.3% drop.
2. Adult basic and secondary education and literacy teachers and instructors: Employment is projected to fall from 67,200 in 2018 to 60,200 in 2028, a 10.3% drop.
© Rebecca Breyer/AP
1. Reporters and correspondents: Employment is projected to fall from 42,800 in 2018 to 37,600 in 2028, a 12.1% drop.
BestLife Insider - Health, Lifestyle, Travel and More ...: 14 jobs requiring a bachelor's degree that might not be around in 10 years
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https://www.bestlifeinsider.com/2019/11/14-jobs-requiring-bachelors-degree-that.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Comic-Con 2013: In Case You Haven't Heard, 'Man Of Steel' Sequel Will Include The Dark Knight (Video)
The news actually broke yesterday, at Comic-Con in San Diego, when Harry Lennix made the announcement, after director Zack Snyder brought him onto the stage, to speak to the rabid fanboys and fangirls who were in attendance.
A video of that moment was captured by one of them thankfully, and is embedded at the bottom of this post.
But, first, in short, via an official press release that was eventually distributed to the media, thanks to the global box office success of Man of Steel, director Zack Snyder will be bringing together two of the most popular Super Heroes of all time – Batman and Superman – for the first time, on the big screen.
That's right, what I suppose will be the sequel to Man Of Steel will see both Superman and Batman starring.
The press release adds that the key cast of Man Of Steel (Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Laurence Fishburne and Diane Lane) will return in their respective roles, but the actor who will play Batman has yet to be cast. Recall that Christian Bale said he was done with donning the bat suit after the last film with director Christopher Nolan, so don't expect him to return. Who might DC Entertainment and Warner Bros be looking at for the part? Nothing on that front yet, but I expect an actor will be locked in very soon, with shooting on the movie to begin in 2014, for a summer 2015 release. They certainly aren't wasting any time on this, are they?
Zack Snyder is returning to direct, and will be co-writing the story with David S. Goyer, who will then pen the screenplay.
That Snyder is returning to direct isn't news that I can get excited about. The last Zack Snyder film I actually liked was Dawn Of The Dead – his feature film debut – in 2004. I was very disappointed with Man Of Steel. While I thought it was better than the previous Superman reboot, released in 2006, which Bryan Singer directed, it wasn't that much better. Both films lacked the ethos, pathos, and even the logos of the Christopher Reeves Superman films made some 30 years ago. Snyder's Man Of Steel especially relied too much on digitally-produced spectacle to carry the film (the last 30 minutes of nonsensical "boom and bash" were tedious to watch), and the cast was actually kind of dull – including Cavill in the starring role, and Amy Adams as Lois Lane. I wish another director was chosen for the upcoming Superman/Batman sequel.
Alas, Warners isn't exactly on pins and needles waiting for my opinion on this, so, we'll see how it goes.
Man of Steel has taken in more than $630 million at the worldwide box office to date, by the way. But, even with that total, I still just don't feel that audiences are in love with the film – certainly not the way they were with the second Dark Knight movie under Nolan. I remember reading/hearing folks saying that they were going to see that film for the 5th, 6th, and even 7th time. Of course Heath Ledger had something to do with that.
I didn't/haven't heard/read a similar enthusiasm for Man Of Steel since its release.
But Warners and DC have every confidence in Znyder, stating via press release: "Zack Snyder is an incredibly talented filmmaker, but beyond that, he's a fan first and he utterly gets this genre. We could not think of anyone better suited to the task of bringing these iconic Super Heroes to the screen in his own way."
And: "We are thrilled to be back in business with Zack and his team on this next movie. The success of 'Man of Steel' is a wonderful testament to the love and support that both fans and new audiences, worldwide, have for these characters. We are very excited to see what Zack has in store for all of us."
And also: "Whilst our 'Dark Knight' trilogy is complete, we have every confidence that Zack's fresh interpretation will take the character in a new and exciting direction. His vision for Superman opened the door to a whole new universe and we can't wait to see what Zack does with these characters."
So there you have it.
Watch Harry Lennix make the announcement at Comic-Con yesterday:


text:
Sunnyside is a historical novel by Glen David Gold.

Synopsis
The novel is about Charlie Chaplin and the rise of Hollywood and celebrity during 1918.

References

2009 American novels
Novels set during World War I
Fiction set in 1918
Hollywood novels
Cultural depictions of Charlie Chaplin
Novels set in the 1910s
American historical novels
Alfred A. Knopf books


text:
HFX Wanderers to launch under-23 program
The Chronicle Herald
Published: Jan 13 at 12:58 p.m.
HFX Wanderers FC head coach Stephen Hart said he is excited work with the team's under-23 program that will be launched this summer. - Contributed
Halifax's Canadian Premier League franchise is launching an under-23 program.
HFX Wanderers are creating a player development system and will begin a training program for male players 16 years and older who have been identified for future consideration in the Wanderers' organization.
Players included in this program will be considered for an under-23 Wanderers team that is expected to begin this summer with a series of exhibition games against clubs from outside the region.
"As a club, we have taken our time and asked the question, 'where can we have the biggest impact in terms of improving the player pathway and development here in Nova Scotia?' Derek Martin, president and founder of the HFX Wanderers, said in a news release.
"What we learned is that the best place for us to start is in bridging the gap between existing under-17 programs and the end goal of becoming a Wanderer."
Players will remain with their local clubs for regular training and competition.
The Wanderers' youth training, provided at no charge and by invitation only, will allow the pro club's technical staff and players to work with this next generation of local talent to continue their development.
The ultimate goal is to build a first team squad that includes a minimum of six homegrown players by 2026.
"The 18-23 year-old age group has, for as long as I have been involved in the game, been the missing piece for opportunity in the Canadian player pathway to be identified," Wanderers head coach Stephen Hart said in the release.
"Nova Scotia has the ability to produce professional players and I am excited to get to work with these talented young players."
Soccer Nova Scotia has more than 20,000 players from all ages starting at entry level programs and continuing through senior levels.
More local sports stories
Dubois, subject of trade rumours, scores winner as Jackets clip Wings
Cape Breton Eagles trade Flames prospect Ryan Francis to Saint John for Stairs, draft picks
QMJHL postpones weekend games in the Maritimes
Blayre Turnbull, Jill Saulnier at Canadian women's hockey training camp
Halifax-based Kinduct announces significant collaboration
Mooseheads likely to be quiet at trade deadline
Thunderbirds newcomer Leblanc had doubts of pro lacrosse success in Halifax
Updated a day ago
Former Moosehead Zadina notches first two points of NHL season as Wings clip Canes
Denmark's COVID-19 reproduction rate falls to 0.6
COVID-19 forces delay of no-confidence vote in Slovenia government
Philippines to buy 20 million Moderna vaccine doses as COVID-19 cases rise


text:
package com.bloomreach.bstore.highavailability.actions;

import com.bloomreach.bstore.highavailability.exceptions.CollectionPatternException;
import com.bloomreach.bstore.highavailability.zookeeper.ZkClusterData;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Source to Destination Collection Mapper. When you want to clone a collection from source to destination,
 * you might want to use a different collection name. Example: nitin_collection at source might need to be copied to
 * nitin_collection2 in the destination. In this case we should map _collection to _collection2. During the time of cloning,
 * we apply this pattern to identify the destination collection name and then clone the index.
 *
 * If the mapping is not set, we use the same collection name as the source.
 * @author nitin
 * @since 02/10/2014
 */
public class SourceDestCollectionMapper {
  protected static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SolrFaultTolerantAction.class);

  private List<String[]> collectionRules;
  private String defaultCollectionAppend;
  private List<String[]> configRules;
  private String defaultConfig;
  private ZkClusterData sourceZkClusterData;

  public SourceDestCollectionMapper(String collectionNamePatterns, String configNamePatterns, ZkClusterData sourceZkClusterData) throws CollectionPatternException {
    collectionRules = new ArrayList<String[]>();
    configRules = new ArrayList<String[]>();
    this.sourceZkClusterData = sourceZkClusterData;

    if (!StringUtils.isBlank(collectionNamePatterns)) {
      String[] patterns = collectionNamePatterns.split(",");
      for (String pattern : patterns) {
        String[] rule = pattern.split(":");
        if (rule.length != 2) {
          throw new CollectionPatternException("Invalid match replace pattern " + collectionNamePatterns + " Should be <src>:<dest>");
        }
        if (rule[0].equalsIgnoreCase("default")) {
          defaultCollectionAppend = rule[1];
          logger.debug("Added collectionRule: [Default- No match append] --> " + defaultCollectionAppend);
          continue;
        }
        collectionRules.add(rule);
        logger.debug("Added collectionRule: " + rule[0] + " --> " + rule[1]);
      }
    }
    if (defaultCollectionAppend == null) {
      logger.error("No default Collection Mapping.. Using names as is..");
    }
    if (!StringUtils.isBlank(configNamePatterns)) {
      String[] patterns = configNamePatterns.split(",");
      for (String pattern : patterns) {
        String[] rule = pattern.split(":");
        if (rule.length != 2) {
          throw new CollectionPatternException("Bad config name pattern: " + pattern + " must be of type <match>:<config name>");
        }
        if (rule[0].equalsIgnoreCase("default")) {
          defaultConfig = rule[1];
          logger.debug("Added ConfigRule: [Default- No match append] --> " + defaultConfig);
          continue;
        }
        configRules.add(rule);
        logger.debug("Added ConfigRule: " + rule[0] + " --> " + rule[1]);
      }
    }

    if (defaultConfig == null) {
      logger.error("No default Config Mapping.. Using names as is..");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Given a source collection name, find the destination collection name by the application of the
   * collection name rules.
   * @param srcCollection
   * @return String source Collection Name
   */
  public String dest(String srcCollection) {
    String destCollection = mapCollectionName(srcCollection, true);
    logger.info("Mapped Src:" + srcCollection + " --> Dst:" + destCollection);
    return destCollection;
  }

  /**
   * Given a destination collection name, find the source collection name by reverse application of the
   * collection name rules.
   * @param destCollection
   * @return String source Collection Name
   */
  public String src(String destCollection) {
    String srcCollection = mapCollectionName(destCollection, false);
    logger.info("Mapped Dst:" + destCollection + " --> Src:" + srcCollection);
    return srcCollection;
  }

  /**
   * Given a collection name and a flag (reverse of forward mapping), return the new
   * collection name based on the mapping
   * @param collectionName
   * @param dest
   * @return String new Collection Name
   */
  private String mapCollectionName(String collectionName, boolean dest) {
    //If there are no collection Rules, use the same collection Name as source
    if ((collectionRules.size() == 0) && (StringUtils.isBlank(defaultCollectionAppend))) {
      return collectionName;
    }
    //With the given rules, if the collection name matches the rule, then apply the rule and identify
    //the new collection name
    for (String[] rule : collectionRules) {
      String match = (dest) ? rule[0] : rule[1];
      String replace = (dest) ? rule[1] : rule[0];
      if (collectionName.contains(match)) {
        return collectionName.replace(match, replace);
      }
    }
    //Forward mapping
    if (dest) {
      return collectionName + defaultCollectionAppend;
    } else {
      //Reverse mapping. (Dest -> Source)
      return collectionName.replace(defaultCollectionAppend, "");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Given a collection name find out the zookeeper config name based on the mapping.
   * @param collectionName
   * @return
   * @throws CollectionPatternException
   */
  public String config(String collectionName) throws CollectionPatternException {
    //If there are no rules, use whatever config Name the source Cluster has
    if ((configRules.size() == 0) && (StringUtils.isBlank(defaultConfig))) {
      String configName = "";
      if (sourceZkClusterData != null) {
        configName = sourceZkClusterData.getCollectionToConfigMapping().get(collectionName);
      }
      if (StringUtils.isBlank(configName)) {
        throw new CollectionPatternException("Collections " + collectionName + " does not exist in the source Cluster.. ");
      }
      return configName;
    }
    for (String[] rule : configRules) {
      if (collectionName.contains(rule[0])) {
        logger.debug("MappedConfig Collection: " + collectionName + " --> Config:" + rule[1]);
        return rule[1];
      }
    }
    logger.debug("MappedConfig Collection: " + collectionName + " --> DefaultConfig:" + defaultConfig);
    return defaultConfig;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Music education has time and time again proven to be important. When you give to Red Note Foundation, you are helping us continue the legacy Kristen left and help make a difference in our Arizona music communities. Any donation, big or small, helps us provide scholarships, performance opportunities, educational experiences, and more for the students and other musicians.
Our fundraising efforts built a robust bassoon program at Rosie's House, A Music Academy for Children in Phoenix.
We also provide additional support to schools through our Piano Tuning and Music Purchase Assistance programs. All too often these seemingly small expenses (a piano tuning is a low as $90) are just not possible with the limited budget school music programs receive, yet they are vital to quality music education. You can elect to support these programs and your donation will have a lasting impact on Valley music programs.
You may specify your donation to a specific program below or elect Red Note to put the donation to work in the area of greatest need.
If you are looking for other ways to aid Red Note's success, please see our Volunteer Opportunities or your other Donation Options.
Please provide your contact information. We never share or sell your information.
Please select to where you would like your donation allocated.
If your donation is a result of a referral, please provide their name here.


text:
PR No. 137 Two-day festival of Pakistani traditional music and culture concluded in the heart of Paris Islamabad, 20 November, 2017.
A 2-day festival of Pakistani traditional and folk music, display of Pakistani handicrafts and folk heritage, screening of documentaries and children workshops concluded in Paris, yesterday, says a press release received here today from Paris.
The event jointly organized by the House of World Cultures and Embassy of Pakistan was hosted at the prestigious Theatre de la Ville (Espace Pierre Cardin) in Paris.
While highlighting importance of the event, the Ambassador of Pakistan to France Moin ul Haque said that this festival was organized in connection with the celebrations of 70thanniversary of Pakistan's independence. He said that the festival showcased the richness of Pakistani cultural diversity, its sufi and folk musical traditions and splendor of its art and culture to the French audience.
A group of 14 Pakistani singers and musicians belonging to Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan and Swat were specially flown from Pakistan to France to perform in the Festival.
These included Ustad Zainullah Jan from Charsadda playing a 130 years old Sitar, Abdul Wahid, a Suroz player from Makran, Mr. Riaz Hussain another Suroz player and his brother Khadim Hussain from Sui, Abid Karim, the singer and rubab player and his fellow musician Mr. Gulbahar Shah from Hunza, and Ms. Amreen and Meher Angez from Chitral, playing the local music instrument 'jharba'.
Espace Pierre Cardin traces its origins to early 18th century and is a popular place for theatre, music and cultural activities in Paris. The Pakistan festival at this venue was held from 18-19 November, 2017.
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*


This is Hi-Tec new range of Mens walking boots and they are starting it off with totally different design compared to usual.
Unlike most Hi-tec boots that are leather, these have been made with a strong waterproof synthetic upper.
They have done this due to leather getting damaged quicker than synthetic materials.
The mesh over the top is still waterproof as it has a membrane between, looking after your feet.
This mesh also acts as a ventilation system helping your feet keep dry and comfortable.
Strong thick sole underneath helping you battle any terain that comes your way.
MDT rubber outsole improves grip and provides durability.


text:
https://indeed-job-search.herokuapp.com/
### Example usage:
```
 indeed.py -q <jobquery> -l <location> -r <radius>
```
Outputs excel file of jobs


text:
Return to the Home Page Ockbrook Feature Return to the Contents Page
OCKBROOK WALK
A popular and enjoyable walk on the edge of Derby, along quiet country lanes, through fields and woodlands, with a well preserved Hermit's Cave and views of the Cat and Fiddle Windmill to add variety.
Initially the walk follows Far Lane, until it disintegrates into a track. Here an Archaeological Project Information Board, on land at Little Hay Grange, provides details of the excavation, which may only be visited when archaeologists are on the site.
From this point, the walk continues across fields and through Ockbrook Wood to Dale Abbey and enters Hermitage Wood. Abundant wildlife exists in this ancient woodland and over 60 species of flowering plants have been recorded.
As you walk towards the Hermit's Cave, the Cat and Fiddle Windmill can be seen to the north, the only one of its kind left in the county.
After passing Boyah Grange, the walk continues along lanes and through fields, before ascending Constitution Hill and going through an area of woodland to the rear of Hopwell Hall. A farm track is then followed all the way back to Ockbrook.
Start/finish: Roadside parking to the north of Far Lane.
Location: Between A52 and A6005 one mile to the east of Spondon.
Terrain: Mostly undulating meadowland, quiet country lanes and farm trackways, with one short steep climb at Dale Abbey.
1. Walk down The Ridings and turn left into Far Lane, passing Littlehay Grange on the right after about three quarters of a mile.
2. Continue along the lane, which soon changes into a rough track. After going by an Archaeological Project Information Board and entering a large field, turn sharp left, and follow the hedge along.
3. On reaching the top of the field, follow the hedge round to a stile in the right hand corner.
4. Keep close to the hedge on the left in the next field before going over a stile into Ockbrook Wood.
5. Remain on the right hand side of the wood at first, before dropping down gradually to leave the wood by a gate.
6. Continue along a rough path that soon bends to the left and reaches a 'T' junction, where you turn right through a stable yard leading onto a woodland path.
7. After 150 yards turn to the right, opposite a Hermit's Wood sign,* zigzagging up several flights of steps and then walk to the left just inside the edge of the wood. (*Do not go up the steps immediately, but continue along the path a short distance to visit the Hermit's Cave. Then return to the steps you passed previously and continue the walk.)
8. Watch out for a short flight of steps on the right, leading out of the wood into a field.
9. From the top of the wood angle to the left to a gap in the hedge opposite, about 85 yards from the top corner of the field.
10. Maintain direction down the next field aiming for a gate and stile in the centre of a stretch of fencing.
11. In the next field walk towards Boyah Grange, but on reaching a stile into the farmyard turn round without crossing the stile and face in the opposite direction.
12. Angling slightly to the left, walk across the field towards a stile in the hedge opposite, and on reaching a minor road turn right.
13. Where the road bends sharply to the left, continue straight on past Sandiacre Lodge Farm, and after a short distance maintaining the same direction, go over a stile and down a fenced cart track.
14. At the end of the fenced section, go straight across an open field to a stile opposite, leading to another fenced track that changes into a tarmac lane after passing Keys Farm.
15. Continue along the lane and up Constitution Hill, until a few yards before the gateway into Hopwell Hall Farm. Here you turn right down a grassy track leading to a stile into an area of woodland.
16. Follow the clear path round in front of Hopwell Hall and go down the drive. When the drive turns sharply to the left, do not continue but join a stony path by a fingerpost sign.
17. After a few yards go over a stile and walk along an obvious path to a stile, on the left of Hopwell Nook Cottage.
18. You then follow the driveway from the cottage all the way back to Ockbrook and on reaching the village, turn right along the road back to the start of the walk.
Return to the Home Page Back to the top of the Page Return to the Contents Page
PLACES OF SPECIAL INTEREST IN THE AREA
Elvaston Castle Country Park (Tel 01332 571342) the first Country Park to be opened in Britain. Set in 200 acres of parkland with an ornamental lake, extensive gardens, stony grottoes, rock archways and many other interesting features. Open daily.
The Donington Grand Prix Collection (Tel 01332 811027) the world's largest collection of Grand Prix racing cars. Exhibits from 1900 to the present day detailing the history of motor racing. Open daily.
Shardlow is one of the best-preserved inland canal ports in the country. It is a fascinating place to explore, still busy with boats, now used for leisure and not for commerce. It owes its existence to a Derbyshire born genius, James Brindley, who could neither read nor write but built the Trent and Mersey Canal.
The Royal Oak (Tel 01332 662378) a traditional pub with a non-smoking lounge, snug and games room, it is the oldest licensed premises in the village dating from the early1700s. There is a separate dining area and outside courtyard seating. Meals are served every lunchtime, but evening meals are only available during the week. Olive Wilson recently celebrated 50 years as landlady (1953-2003).
The Bottle Kiln Cafe (Tel 0115 9329442) an art gallery, craft and gift shops, tea rooms and a beautiful Japanese Garden await at this restored site at West Hallam. Open all day Tuesday to Sunday throughout the year.
This non-commercial website is based on Discover Derbyshire Supplements published by the Derby Evening Telegraph.
The site, my first, commenced in December 2003, and is expanding quite rapidly. Every month an illustrated Newsletter is published giving details of:
OCKBROOK FEATURE
Situated just to the north of the busy A52 dual carriageway, and only a short distance from the outskirts of Derby, Ockbrook has managed to retain much of its charm and at least a reasonable level of peace and quiet.
There are two distinct parts to the village. The old settlement where Occa, an Anglo Saxon, and his people built their homes in the 6th century on the banks of the brook and from where the village derived its name.
Alongside it is the Moravian settlement, a product of the 18th century, with its delightful terrace of red brick Georgian buildings and strikingly attractive church.


Recently Discounted Emerson floorplan at Westerra- 2415 sq. ft. 4 bedroom, Loft , 3 baths, Great room, Wood look tile flooring, 2 tone interior paint, 2 garage. This energy efficient home is ready for immediate move-in. Tankless water heater, granite at kitchen and master bath, family oriented open design. A must see!


Passengers flying from the Gdansk Lech Walesa Airport, can now check-in and leave their luggage before they get to the airport. On Sunday a new terminal - Terminal Miasto (The City Terminal) was opened. It is the first check-in point in Poland located in the centre of the city.
The new terminal is located at Heweliusza St., opposite Hevelius Hotel. It features 4 check-in desks, a café, tourist information and ticket points. Unfortunatelly, the terminal has no direct connection with the main airport. It is open every day from 8am till 6pm.
In order to check-in at Terminal Miasto, passengers have to come at least three hours before the plane's departure if they have luggage, and 1,5 hour before if they do not have luggage. One can also check-in 24 h. before the departure time.
Terminal Miasto was intended mainly for tourists, who can check-in in the city centre without a need to take all their luggage to the airport. After checking-in in the city centre, tourists can still do some sightseeing.
Last year, the airport was visited by over 1,7 milion passengers. The authorities plan that about 10% of the tourist traffic will be served by the Terminal Miasto.


text:
BCAA 8:1:1 Powder 500g by Gen-Tec
Gen Tec
Unflavoured / 500g - $69.95
Gen-Tec source and blend the highest quality pharmaceutical grade free form BCAAs available. Our amino acids are naturally fermented from seed and plant material via an 18 stage patented process. This process guarentees our product to be of premium standard, free of impurities.
BCAA's are comprised of three essential amino acids, L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine and L-Valine. They are essential for building and maintaining muscles, and work by facilitating the synthesis of proteins in the body. They account for about 1/3 of muscle protein, and can be used directly by the muscles for energy. BCAAs are needed during times of physical stress, so are often used as bodybuilding and athletic supplements.
Lean muscle gain
Anti-catabolic
Preliminary evidence suggests that BCAA supplementation prior to exercise may help prevent muscle protein breakdown and improve recovery time after strenuous workouts. Most studies suggest the need for a high L-Leucine content as this is the predominant amino broken down during bouts of intense exercise.
The Gen-Tec BCAA ratios are 8:1:1 L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine.
Per 3g
51kJ (12 Cal)
1700kJ (400 Cal)
Fat -Total
Carbohydrate - Total
L-Isoleucine
L-Valine
Ingredients:L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine, Natural Flavour
Suggested Use: Mix 3g (1 teaspoon) in water or non-acidic juice before exercise.
100% Australian Owned and Manufactured. Gen-Tec sources the world's finest quality raw materials and use internationally recognisedbio chemists to produce leading products that live up to my expectations!
Nick Jones, Mr Australasia, Mr Australia, Mr World
Warnings: This food is not a sole source of nutrition and should be used in conjunction with a nutritious diet and with an appropriate physical training or exercise program. This food is not suitable for children under the age of 15 or pregnant women. It should only be used under medical or dietetic supervision. Keep out of reach of children.
7 minutes ago from Mackay, QLD
52 minutes ago from Canberra, ACT
38 minutes ago from Coff's Harbour, NSW
8 minutes ago from Darwin, NT
7 minutes ago from Hervey Bay, QLD
51 minutes ago from Darwin, NT
5 minutes ago from Canberra, ACT
49 minutes ago from Logan City, QLD


PLEASE READ EACH PARAGRAPH OF THIS WEB PAGE, AS SOME TERMS APPLY TO MANY DIFFERENT CASES AND SOME TERMS ARE REPEATED THROUGHOUT THE DOCUMENT.: Where U.M. is stated it is understood that UTILITY METALS UK LTD is meant. U.M. is a company of dual role, acting as commercial agencies or acting as a trading company ( buying and reselling purchased goods ) headquartered in the U.K.. Where mentioned as "seller/supplier" is meant the company in the UK or outside the UK that has manufacturing unit(s) or the trading company or a company of commercial agencies or a company having a steel service center or a company that stores/distributes metallic products in the form of raw material or in another form. Where "producer" is mentioned, it is meant the company that manufactures products and sells them to other suppliers/sellers or buyers/customers. A very large number of companies dealing with metals worldwide has published similar web pages in their websites. U.M. wishes that all communications between the seller/supplier and all the communications between the U.M. and the buyer/supplier are of absolute clarity and also that U.M. does not wish any kind of potential misunderstanding. These are some of the reasons that it publishes these lines. U.M. wishes the best possible EXCELLENT SERVICE TO THE CLIENT AND ALL COMPANY'S EFFORTS ARE FOCUSED ON THIS SERVICE. All interested parties are advised from the U.M. to read and fully understand these lines, also to contact U.M. for any further clarification.
Requests for quotations / Price offers: All interested parties are advised to review frequently the text of this present web page, as changes to these lines are possible at any time. It is understood that U.M. has the absolute right to decline a request for quotation for cases it would be strongly believed that if U.M. would proceed to a price offer, it would not be competitive on prices. U.M. can decline also to quote for inquiries originating from countries that U.M. does not address to or from sanctioned countries from international organizations. U.M. does not appreciate non-serious inquiries ( this does not relate to the material quantity inquired ) that are done just for the sake of just having a general knowledge of a market price or for cases that the customer has never a plan to purchase a material anyway from any supplier. U.M. at no case can be held responsible for anything, in case it chooses to decline a request for quotation. U.M. can not be held responsible for a case that a supplier/seller declines a request for quotation for reasons known to the supplier and only.
Price Quotations / Price offers: In case of price quotations, it is fully understood that the offer – especially in cases where offers refer to production and not from inventory availability – for the time of delivery and the prices and in general for any part of the offer, is fully subject to the final confirmation of the supplier/seller, this is valid for both cases where U.M. acts as an intermediate or acts as a direct reseller of goods. U.M. is not obliged to inform the customer about the source of the offer. U.M. has the right to contact more than one source(s). If a customer insists in written form and only to and for U.M. to ask for a request of quotation to a specific source, U.M. should send the inquiry to the specific source in discussion. The offer by the U.M. is one complete unit. Any changes to its components ( such as price per unit, quantity, delivery time, and/or terms of payment etc. ) by the customer/buyer, releases the supplier/seller from all delivery time, and/or terms of payment etc. ) by the customer/buyer, releases the supplier/seller from all obligation(s) to supply the goods. In all offers by the U.M., availability of material(s) in an inventory of a supplier/seller is subject in prior sale and to final confirmation by the seller/supplier. Quotes and Incoterms: U.M. is clearly seeking to offer prices for materials with terms of delivery that relate to the international commercial terms of INCOTERMS 2010 as these terms are defined by the International Chambers of Commerce ( ICC ) in Paris, France. For the better monitoring of the order status, or for a mere provision of a quotation, U.M. can publish a specific and individual web page type. This is done for the better service of all the interested parties. If for any reason the supplier/seller or the buyer/customer does not wish the publication of the web page as stated on this current paragraph, he or she must do it in written to the U.M. within 24 hours from the publication of a/m web page.
Suitability of application: Customers are the only ones to ensure that the product(s) they inquire is ( are ) suitable for the application(s) they envisage for it.
Placing of Orders: In case where the buyer/customer appoints the order in a time frame work which is out of the limits of the offer validity, U.M. and the seller/supplier, may decline the order without any obligation or further explanation. U.M. strongly advises customer to place orders within the time frame of the offer validity. Suitability of materials: Customers/buyers are the only ones to ensure that the material(s) they request is (are) suitable for the application(s) they envisage or believe. By placing an order, the customer(s) consent(s) that he(they) are the only one(s) responsible for the suitability of the product(s) they chose in relation to the application(s) they envisage for it. For special orders customer(s)/buyer(s) has(ve) to be fully aware that the seller/supplier will execute orders to the specific demands of customers only. The price offer is the only basis of the order and changes in its terms by the buyer/customer ( such changes are in price per item, quantity, delivery time, credit, etc.) are canceling any obligations of the seller/supplier to supply the goods of the order. If the offered item(s) is purchased by the customer/buyer, the customer/buyer has to be fully aware that the final reconfirmation of the manufacturer/supplier is required for the same item(s). U.M. will not be responsible for cancellation/or rejection of the order by the manufacturer/supplier ( seller/supplier) and will not pay direct or indirect damages to the customer/buyer in relations with the order. Cancellation of an order by the customer/buyer due to the delays occurred in relation to the expected date of delivery of the materials will be transferred immediately from the buyer/customer to the U.M. and UM. in turn to the seller/supplier. However, it is up to the seller/supplier and only whether such a cancellation will be accepted or not and U.M. bears not any responsibility for that. U.M. can not be held responsible for the case it asks a SPIRE license from the HMRC and this is not given from the HMRC, not U.M. in this case can be asked for any possible compensation for any possible reason. Please note that U.M. would possibly apply to SPIRE only for orders relating to some NATO projects ( ie US, UK, German, French etc. ). It must be clearly understood that U.M. has absolutely no any interest in dealing with orders ( related to defense ) that are not part of NATO projects. Canceling an order or violating any other terms of order by the customer/buyer may cause total loss of material value and the customer will be obliged to compensate the seller/supplier there upon. For the better monitoring of the order status, or for a mere provision of a quotation, U.M. can publish a specific and individual web page type. This is done for the better service of all the interested parties. If for any reason the supplier/seller or the buyer/customer does not wish the publication of the web page as stated on this current paragraph, he or she must do it in written to the U.M. within 24 hours from the publication of a/m web page. U.M. can not be held responsible for the case a supplier declines to supply materials for cases of running out of stock, or for not being able to meet the agreed delivery time. In such cases U.M. may ask compensation from the supplier but it is not possible to know if and how fast the supplier will provide such compensation so in turn U.M. to compensate the customer with this amount and U.M. can not be held responsible for this nor for the possible extra banking expenses such a case would bring.
Delivering the materials: Any changes to its components ( such as price per unit, quantity, delivery time, and/or terms of payment etc. ) by the customer/buyer, releases the supplier/seller from all delivery time, and/or terms of payment etc. ) by the customer/buyer, releases the supplier/seller from all obligation(s) to supply the goods. In all offers by the U.M., availability of material(s) in an inventory of a supplier/seller is subject in prior sale and to final confirmation by the seller/supplier. Delivery day(s) are subject to the availability of goods by the seller/supplier and by final reconfirmation of the seller/supplier. Order Status: U.M. has the right to publish in the internet order status updates by using share URL's that may mean that this information may be possibly be public to other parties. If the supplier or the customer may not wish the publication of such URL's they must ask it in written from U.M. and U.M. will remove the public URL. These order status updates in public URLs exist for the better service of the customer. Delivery and location: It must be 100 % understood that the U.M. and for the case where products are destined to be delivered in the Greek territory, it may not have any warehouse, may not store or possess or may not ship any product. In some cases it may store in logistics warehouse or it may ship the goods by appointing a transport company. In the vast majority of cases however, the actions regarding the delivery of the goods are performed ONLY by the sellers/suppliers. In case of an order, by the customer, U.M. has the right to ask for the VAT number of the customer, which may be notified to the seller/supplier, especially for cases where the seller/supplier needs to perform himself or through another company a search for the financial reliability for the company ( customer/buyer ) which places the order. Delivery and transport companies: U.M. for the case it has to deliver in CFR or CIF location according to Incoterms 2010, may appoint transport companies for such deliveries. U.M. bears no responsibility for possible delays by the transport companies, or mistakes originating by the transport companies such as delivering by mistake to the wrong location, or delays caused by the drivers or damaged packaging caused during the transport. Please note that U.M. takes full attention to these matters and cooperates closely with the transport companies by providing as much as possible information to the transport company regarding packing, details on loading times, loading / unloading possibilities of the customer, loading and transport regulations that may exist abroad by the various nations or by the loading departments of the suppliers. Delivery dates and possible delays: Delivery dates indicated by the seller/supplier are only approximately. Delays in supply of the products by sellers/suppliers are possible and so is the land/sea/air/train/road transportation. Delays may exist in the releasing of the materials from the ports, the customs, warehouses. Delays in deliveries or supply of suitable documents for import to the customers may also occur from "force-major" such as earthquakes, pandemics, floods, other natural disasters, wars, terrorists' actions etc. U.M. and the seller/supplier will not be responsible for delays in delivery dates, in relation to the expected delivery date; such delays are not occurred by the fault of the U.M. or the fault of the seller/supplier. Customers must take note that for cases of production, the estimated weight of the material at the time of offer may differ from the actual weight of the material actually produced. In such cases the seller/supplier has the absolute right to adjust accordingly on the Commercial Invoice the weight of the material which will be the actual produced one, therefore the amount invoiced will change as well and will correspond to the relation of price offered per Kg to the actual kilograms produced and invoiced.
Receipt of materials and return policy: Upon receipt of goods by the customer, the customer must immediately inform U.M. that the goods have been received. Upon receipt of goods by the customer, the customer must definitely check the received products and to state any potential complains or claim that relate to the goods condition, within 1 calendar day from receipt of the products. U.M. will convey such complains to the seller/supplier. U.M., under no any possible circumstance, can be held responsible for any possible damage or defects of prime quality products, such as hits, bended material, tolerances on straightness of products other than the specifications of the products require, tolerances on thickness other than the specifications require, distortions on surface, scratches on the product itself or on its packing. It must be absolutely clear that U.M. in case it acts as an intermediate agent or in the case it buys and resells the products, it buys from the seller / supplier the products "as they are" without having the possibility to check them. If there are any faults, these can be communicated to the supplier of U.M. but U.M. can't guarantee that the supplier will compensate for possible claims with the full value or partial value of the Commercial Invoice, or that the supplier's return policy would be to have the will accept to pick up the possibly fault products and replace them for brand new ones, or not replace them and return the commercial invoice amount to U.M. and U.M. in turn to send the amount of the commercial invoice back to the customer and U.M. can't be held responsible for the a/m cases, inclusive for all possible extra costs incurred from the a/m cases such as storage costs, unpacking and repacking of goods and of possible replacement of goods, new packing for return of goods or new packing for possible replacement of goods, transport insurance costs for the return of possibly fault goods and insurance costs for shipment of new replacement goods, customs handling in export-import, transport costs for the possible return and new transport costs for the replacement of goods. For all the above U.M. can't be held responsible to be asked by the customer for any possible compensation, it is only up to the supplier of U.M. or to the supplier of the customer ( in case U.M. acts as an intermediate ) for any possible compensation of replacement of goods. Please note the suppliers want to win new orders and they have quality departments, and packing / shipping / storage departments following strict procedures, to avoid the possibility to deliver faulty products, yet in the metal industry, in rare cases this can happen. Some suppliers and even U.M. may ask from the customer after the receipt of goods and after the customer has checked the good condition of the goods, to sign a document issued by the supplier or by U.M. stating that goods have been received in good order. Should buyer/customer refuses to pick up the goods from the warehouse of the supplier or refuses to receive the goods when these are shipped by the supplier/seller to the customer/buyer, U.M. bears not any responsibility and by all means is not liable for any compensation to the seller/supplier or to the buyer/customer. U.M. will try to keep the purchase terms indicated by the seller/supplier. Additionally Utility Metals can't be held responsible for cases that the customer(s) will machine or treat the products and the material will be distorted such as to present cracks or breaks or if surface change in any way. Customers are strongly advised to read technical literature and follow strictly the instructions advised by the industry sector before machining or treating the products. Customers are advised that different production lots may pose difference shading on the surface or gloss of the products in color or in grinding/satin/brushing, in stainless or aluminium or galvanized or other materials , and differences on the surfaces between samples and actual production is by all means possible. Occasionally differences on the shading on the surface on the color, shading, gloss, reflection, are possible even on the same production lot. If customers wish material deriving from only one production lot, they must state it clearly and in written during the placement of the order. Also the buyer/customer must confirm immediately that the U.M. has received such a complain or claim in a written form with fax or electronic form. U.M. will notify such potential complains to the seller/supplier and the U.M. will have an absolute right to check on its own the nature of the problem, also to take pictures or videos of the problem. U.M. in turn will send such pictures/videos to the seller/supplier. Certificates: U.M. cannot be held responsible under any circumstances for the failure of a supplier/seller to present to the buyer the appropriate production certificates or Certificates Of Conformity ( 3.1.'s ορ 2.2's or 2.1's or C.O.C.'s, Rohs or other cert tests ). Additionally U.M. can't be held responsible for the case that the statements on the product certificate do not match with the size, optical, chemical, mechanical composition of the delivered product(s). U.M. can't be held responsible for the case that the buyer of the product, or the customer(s) of the buyer, disagree(s) with the statements on the product certificate. It is not the responsibility of the U.M. or of the supplier(s) of U.M., to explore or find or buy further information on standards and explanations of them, it is not also responsibility of the supplier. Customers are urged to ask the product certificates for examination and review prior the shipment or packing preparation of the products in the warehouse of the supplier of U.M. yet this can be valid only for long term existing customers. In a case that an order is executed in a normal way and finally the materials of the order are delivered in a port or warehouse of a transport company or wherever the delivery has been agreed ( between the buyer/customer and the seller/supplier ) according to the international commercial terms INCOTERMS 2010 and the delivery place is the place that the Commercial Invoice states, but the customer/buyer does not pick up the materials, then the U.M. and/or the seller/supplier have the right of an immediate compensation claim from the customer/buyer. U.M. can not be held responsible for the possible cases there are delays in the customs procedures in points of entries-exit of goods in borders and can't be held responsible for possible extra costs incurred in such delays. It is an absolute obligation of the customer to ensure that he/she provided all possible information to the U.M. for the proper importation of goods through local customs in the country of the customer ( ie local regulations regarding information to be stated on the invoice, packing requirements, marking requirements etc. ).
Payments of Commercial Invoices: For the cases that U.M. acts as an intermediate between seller/supplier and customer, under any circumstances, U.M. bears no responsibility for the payment by the customer or the time that this payment is effected and the present mentioned payment relates to order(s) of the customers/buyers to the sellers/suppliers. It is clear however that the U.M. will assist ( and to the extend that U.M. can assist ) so as the customers/buyers are absolutely punctual to their obligations against the seller(s)/supplier(s). The customers/buyers are advised and kindly asked to be always absolutely punctual in their financial obligations and for the entire sum that relates to the order(s) against the sellers/suppliers but to be also absolutely punctual for the time that they have to realize these obligations. The final way of payment for one or more orders from the customer/buyer to the seller/supplier is a choice of the seller/supplier and NOT of U.M. The terms of payment are agreed before the execution of the order from the seller/supplier and the customer/buyer through the signature by the customer/buyer, of the relevant Proforma Invoice or the signature of the Order's confirmation as this is issued by the seller/supplier. Also in a case where a seller/supplier declines to sell to the customer/buyer with payment terms "open credit', U.M. bears no responsibility. In case that the invoicing by the seller/supplier takes place to a currency other than the Euro and the date of payment of the order from the buyer/supplier to the seller/supplier the other than the Euro and the date of payment of the order from the buyer/supplier to the seller/supplier the international parity of currencies between the Euro and the before mentioned other currency ( with which the invoicing has taken place ) change, then the customer/buyer will pay according with the new parity. Of course U.M. and the seller/supplier are not responsible for any change of parity between the Euro and other international currencies. For this reason, the customers/suppliers are advised to ask for request for quotations in Euro, also invoicing to take place in Euro. Under any circumstances, U.M. will not accept the payment from the customer/buyer that must be given to the seller / supplier for one or more orders to be realized towards the U.M.. Payments for the cases U.M. acts as a broker are effected from the customer/buyer to the seller/supplier and only. For the cases that U.M. acts as a reseller and sells to the end user by buying from other suppliers and regarding payments, there can be delays in the amount paid by the customer to reach Utility Metals bank account, or this amount to reach the suppliers, such delays are often caused by banks and their procedures and Utility Metals UK Ltd can not be held responsible for such delays. In all cases, Utility Metals UK Ltd, can not be held responsible in case of confiscation of the amount paid by a customer for the purpose of purchasing products, such confiscation deriving from private companies or government authorities, or financial institutions, suppliers of payment gateways, suppliers of merchant accounts, Greek or other and Utility Metals can not be held responsible for such confiscations, nor can compensate, nor is responsible to compensate for such confiscations. Utility Metals UK LTD is fully eligible to use for its payments , ones received from customers, or ones sent to suppliers, to use proxy payment services, international payment gateways such as paypal etc., and may request for payments from customers different currencies than Euro or may pay suppliers different currencies than Euro.
Import Duties: Also in a case of an import from a third country ( non- European Union ) and in case that the origin of the products is from a country that does not belong to the European Union, then there is a possibility the European Union to impose duties on the present mentioned imported products. There is also the rare case, to an imported product with origin non European Union, the impose of duties or not, or the level of its duties, to change from the European Union ( in higher or lower levels ) during the time interval from the date of offer till the date of the import in the destination E.U. country customs. For cases that the customers/buyers intent to import from a seller/supplier that is based in a country outside the European Union, they are strongly advised to contact with their customs broker of their choice. U.M. also it self would be pleased to provide advises for such matters too, but, always be aware that the customs broker of the buyer/supplier bears excellent knowledge in these matters and he/she is the one that customers/buyers should receive advises from.
Insurance of transport of goods: In case of an execution of the order under the international commercial terms INCOTERMS 2010 and in cases where the insurance of the goods and of the transport of the goods is not a responsibility of the seller/supplier ( such as EXW, FCA, CFR etc. ) customers are strongly advised to check with a local insurance company and to insure the products and the transport of the products against all risks. For the insurance of the goods or the insurance of their transport and under any circumstance, U.M. is not held responsible.
Data Communication and transfer: Important note: For all the communications of the U.M. with the suppliers/sellers or the buyers/customers and for all the electronic correspondence, or talks by standard phone or mobile phone or voip, or chat conversations, fax or e-mail, all interested parties are noted that the a/m communication is intended only for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed and contains information that is privileged and confidential. If (an) individual(s) is(are) not to be the intended recipient(s), please notify the sender (U.M.) by return and this individual(s) should not keep, disclose or copy such communication. U.M. does not guarantee the accurate and complete transfer of the contents of the written communication by e-mail or fax or phone, mobile, landline or voip, nor the receipt in time thereof. U.M. cannot guarantee that the emission/transmission of its e-mails/faxes and web site or part of it, is free from viruses or that it is transferred without infringement or intervention of a non-authorized third party. Reproduction of text and/or images/photos/logos, in part or in full of the current webpage and in any or all of its web pages, in written or in electronic form, without prior written and stamped/signed consent by the UTILITY METALS is fully and strictly prohibited.
Terms and conditions of the sellers / suppliers. Differences and disagreements: FOR INQUIRIES, ORDERS, EXECUTIONS OF ORDERS THE TERMS OF THE SELLERS/SUPPLIERS ( THE ONES SUPPLYING THE CUSTOMER DIRECT AND U.M. ACTS AS AN INTERMEDIATE AND THE ONES SUPPLYING U.M. AND U.M. THEN SUPPLIES/INVOICES THE CUSTOMER ) ARE THE ONES VALID, INCLUSIVE THE CASE THAT THE UTILITY METALS IS THE SUPPLIER / SELLER AND THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE BUYER WILL NOT BE RECOGNIZED BY THE SELLERS / SUPPLIERS and the customers/buyers are strongly advised to ask for them, however, for differences between the seller/supplier and the customers/buyers, U.M. can never and from anybody and under any possible circumstance be asked for any potential compensation. If a customer/buyer after having received a price offer from the U.M. and wishes to place an order to the U.M. but does not agree with a term or condition that is stated in the above lines, he/she should state these reasons in written to the U.M. and should come in communication with the U.M. Any differences are to be solved in an amicable manner, in a contrary case the court bound to solve any differences among the interested parties is the court that the terms and conditions of sale derived by the seller/supplier, specify. UTILITY METALS can't be held responsible for cases that the customer or a supplier will believe that his ego or commercial or personal reputation has been damaged, or if a customer feels has suffered moral damage. If any customer or any supplier disagrees with anything written on this present web page, then HE / SHE SHOULD NOT PROCEED with trade transactions with UTILITY METALS UK LTD.
advices: Regarding advices, It is naturally impossible for the U.M. to publish all of them in its web sites.
For further advise, please don't hesitate to contact UTILITY METALS UK LTD.
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