What is the Effect of Social Rhythm Disrupting Events on Mood in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder?
The social zeitgeber hypothesis suggests that life events have the capacity to lead to the onset of affective episodes in those vulnerable to bipolar disorder via biological and social rhythm disruption. However, few studies have systematically evaluated the role of life events that disrupt social routines in the exacerbation of mood symptoms. This report examined the effect of social rhythm disrupting (SRD) events on recurrence during preventative treatment in a sample of 82 patients with bipolar disorder who achieved remission from an acute episode, and assessed whether treatment assignment (interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) vs. intensive clinical management (ICM)) moderated this effect. We also examined the effect of short term (STC) and long term (LTC) threat (unpleasant) events. Recurrence was determined by blinded senior psychiatrists who were not otherwise involved in the conduct of the study and who were asked to determine whether the participant met Research Diagnostic Criteria for a new affective episode. Life events were measured with the Bedford College Life Events and Difficulty Schedule (LEDS) and were rated for degree of SRD and threat. Chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, and Cox proportional hazards models showed that patients who had a recurrence were more likely to experience independent SRD, STC, and LTC events prior to recurrence than those who survived the two-year preventative phase without a recurrence, and this event occurred closer in time to recurrence than to a corresponding non-recurrence point in the non-recurrence group. In contrast, events that were rated for SRD and threat were not more likely to occur among individuals experiencing a recurrence than events rated for threat only. Nor did such a combined event occur more closely in time to a recurrence than events rated for threat only. Last, among those who experienced an SRD event, those who received preventative IPSRT were more likely to have a recurrence than those who received preventative ICM. Future studies should focus on the types of SRD events that are related to mood worsening, as well as on novel methods of examining these scientific aims that make use of longitudinal datasets.


text:
Interviews: the Peoples Social Forum
Socialist.ca's Ritch Whyman spoke to three organizers of the Peoples Social Forum about the importance of the conference and how people can get involved:
1) Who and what organisations/groups are involved in building the Peoples Social Forum?
Raul: Those involved in organising include community groups, racialized communities, Indigenous nations, labour, NGOs, students, workers from across Canada and Quebec.
Darius: Most unions, student organizations, Indigenous peoples and nations, lefty activists of all stripes, environmentalists, women's organizations, migrant justice organizers, artists, NGO's, and others who are just fed up with the direction of society.
2) The Forum is clearly inspired by Occupy, INM and the Quebec Student movement. Is it the hope that the forum can pull those inspired and active in those movements together?
Raul: The SF has its roots in Latin American activism, called "encuentros", a meeting which emphasizes dialogue and exchange of ideas among activists in the global south with an emphasis on alternatives. From Canada yes, those movements have been a source of inspiration as an example of collective action and resistance. The SF seeks to bring together all progressive social movements to help bridge the links between local and national struggles and linking them to global issues with a emphases on collective action to challenge the status quo in this country.
Darius: The Forum is indeed inspired by the many mass movements that have rocked "Canada" these past few years. But it is also very much inspired by the Social Forum movement which pre-dates these recent happenings. The hope is that the Peoples Social Forum can pull together all our social movements to build together, identify points of unity that strengthen our diverse struggles and perspectives, build trust, build solidarity, and come out of the forum with plans for action and stronger bonds between all participating peoples.
3) It isn't often that activists from First Nations, Quebec and English Canada get together. How important to you is it that there is representation from all three?
Raul: The Social forum is at its strongest when diversity is at its core in terms of participation and representation. The representation from these groups and others like people of colour makes the SF unique in terms of movement building on a national level.
Darius: From my understanding this is the first time something like this is happening. This is truly historic in that sense. "Getting representation" can be very tokenistic and problematic. What is inspiring about the PSF is that the whole process from the beginning has been led by activists from all three. There is real and meaningful engagement from all of our communities towards this forum. And we are anticipating major participation from all three as well as from migrant communities who don't necessarily identify with these three boxes.
4)What sort of response are you getting for the Forum?
Darius: Hype around the forum has only been getting bigger as the dates approach. Registrations and workshop proposals are coming in on a daily basis. New people are joining committees and caucuses. The regional expansion committees are forming. There is a lot of buzz and interest across the country and even to the south.
5) What is the response like outside of the usual places (bigger cities, established activist circles etc..). What kind of response from smaller town, rural areas, marginalised communities?
Darius: There are families from small towns that are registering. There are community groups at Jane and Finch planning their participation and mobilizing the hood. There are many Indigenous nations and reserves planning buses. Hype is building everywhere.
Ana: The response from Indigenous communities and grassroots people has been very enthusiastic. There is definitely an interest in participating in an event so large that has intentionally made the effort to engage people who are usually excluded from these sorts of events. There is a lot of knowledge held by traditional people and community-minded people and they are very eager to contribute to the discussion in August. The same is true for geographic areas that are also excluded: the plains, northern regions, and The North in particular. For many, the Social Forum represents the first time that Canadian society has actively encouraged and invited participation from the communities mentioned. It is exciting.
6)How does the forum fit into the ongoing fight against austerity, and cuts to programs?
Raul: A key component to challenging the neo liberal model is to build strong social movements across Canada that can engage in building a true participatory democracy. The SF is the only national project underway that attempts to do that by bringing together diverse groups that can challenge the status quo and propose alternatives.
Darius: Fighting austerity is one of the main focuses of the Peoples Social Forum. We know that many workshops will touch on the subject, and anticipate there will be several actions planned during the forum to challenge austerity economics. There will also be assemblies at which we will all come together to plan our fight-back against austerity.
Ana: The potential to examine during the Social Forum the neo-liberal model and its continual colonialization also draws settler society into a deeper understanding of what has been happening for hundreds of years in these territories. Participants at the PSF will make the connection between the historical struggles of Indigenous nations and the perils that Western models have for settler society as well.
7) Given the concern by many activists at the rightward drift of the NDP do you see the social forum as a place to discuss the building of a new political expression for the movements? Like Québec solidaire perhaps?
Raul: Lessons from other places like Latin America that have created progressive political parties is that first you need to build social movements that can then help build political parties not the other way around. So the discussion at the SF is more how do we build social movements not how to build political parties. This might be one of the reasons why the forum is free of political parties.
Darius: People are free to discuss these ideas at the forum. But it must be made clear that the Peoples Social Forum is strictly non-partisan and will not allow itself to become a platform for any politician or political party. It is about empowering grassroots movements and amplifying people's voices who are building the alternatives and fighting the economic and political status quo.
Ana: As we've said, the Forum gives us the opportunity to imagine new ways of living together and building a different society. Particularly from the Original Peoples' Caucus' perspective, this excludes the model of typical Western partisan politics and calls on us to re-implement traditional political structures.
8) What role are the unions playing in the social forum.
Darius: Unions are helping in major ways. They've supported the forum financially and are mobilizing their members to attend. They are also helping support everyone's participation by coordinating buses from nearly every major city in the country (especially in Ontario and Quebec).
9)What are people hoping will emerge from the social forum
Darius: I'm hoping that the forum unleashes a wave of social activism in Canadian society that effectively undermines the austerity agenda, neo-liberal capitalism, and ongoing colonialism. I'm hoping to see organized labour regain it's fighting spirit. I'm hoping to see all kinds of strategic alliances and solidarity between traditionally disconnected movements. I want to see decolonization and grassroots direct democracy in my lifetime and I hope this forum will be a significant contribution towards these ends, but that's just me. There's thousands of people and so many movements coming, and all of us have our own reasons, our own aspirations, and our own goals for the forum, and that's what makes it special.
Ana: The Original Peoples' Caucus hopes to see a renewed commitment to the Peace and Friendship Treaties, and to the spirit and intent of our ancestors to live together in a good way. This means understanding that we have Inherent Rights to all that happens in our territories, rights that supercede all colonial laws. This also means the legislative and judicial rejection of the Doctrines of Discovery and Terra Nullius.
10) What can people do to help build for the social forum?
Darius: Register! Propose a workshop! Organize an assembly! Plan an action! Join your local expansion committee! Join a committee or caucus! Spread the word on social media. Talk to your friends, family, co-workers and neighbours and convince them to come. This event is only going to be as good as we make it. Let's build together. The future is ours.
Before the forum:
1. Get involved in the regional expansion commissions prior to the big event, in order to assure interest and buy-in from community and local organizations. Some regional forums will take place, parallel to the Ottawa event; others may happen simultaneously and be inter-connected through video conferencing or Skype. These are happening in Montreal, Quebec, Ottawa, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Regina, Edmonton, Halifax, and throughout Southern Ontario. Regional groups are establishing in Thunder Bay, Sackville, Charlottetown, Victoria, Yellowknife, and elsewhere.
2. Join one of the caucuses: Organized labour, Original People, Québec, People of Colour, Queer, (dis)Ability, Youth and Women.
3. Join one of the Committees: Communications, Logistics, Mobilization, Finance, Program, Culture
4. Prepare for the Caravans: Atlantic, Western, South-Western Ontario, Quebec, and the North are organizing caravans. They will visit communities that are facing austerity measures, plant shut-downs, privatization of public services and resisting resource extraction on their lands, etc. People would then join the caravan and make their way to the Social Forum. The notion is to link struggles and communities that are facing similar struggles, to involve communities that are normally out of reach and to bring messages from those communities, unions, and Indigenous Peoples to the Ottawa march. Independent journalists and bloggers will ride in the caravans collecting peoples' stories on the way.
5. Build a Movement Assembly: Movement Assemblies are community gatherings, held during the Peoples' Social Forum, designed for groups from across the country to develop collective political agreements, and actions. People make action plans in order to work together across issues on local, regional, and national fronts. Assemblies could form around such themes as: Fracking, Water, Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Cuts to Public Services, Access to Housing, Migrant Justice etc."
At the forum:
1. August 21st March on Parliament Hill: Caravans coming from across the country will meet up for the opening gathering on August 21, beginning at 3:00pm on Victoria Island, followed by a march to Parliament Hill to end in a beautiful participatory cultural presentation with music, dance, colour and thousands of people.
2. Two days of Workshops: At the University of Ottawa, and surrounding venues on several broad themes including: Indigenous Peoples' rights; social/economic rights poverty; difficulty of organizing; defending public services; water and land; governance and democracy; women's rights; racism, homophobia; etc.
3. Movement Assemblies:Movement Assemblies are community gatherings, held during the Peoples' Social Forum, designed for groups to develop collective political agreements, and actions. People make action plans in order to work together across issues on local, regional, and national fronts.
For more information visit www.peoplessocialforum.org
peoples social forum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Zeke Speaks From Cabo
Slawstin
In 2019, your retweet is your word. Zeke has spoken loud and fucking clear. He believes he's the best RB in the league and he aint going to take less money than Gurley.
This retweet wasn't from years, months or even days ago. It was from TODAY. You think that was a coincidence?? Or that Zeke is sticking up for Melvin Gordon, saying Melvin's the best RB and deserves to be paid 15% to 20% higher than Todd Gurley? No. No, he is not. He's talking about him fucking self.
So, all these news outlets that say a deal is imminent, that Zeke is taking a deal close but not equal to Todd Gurley, they are just full of shit. I'm looking at you:
The Cowboys have reportedly offered Ezekiel Elliott a deal that would make him the second highest-paid RB in the NFL.
The offer isn't as big as Todd Gurley's, but it's worth more than Le'Veon Bell's. https://t.co/is0tf3kNEv
— Sporting News (@sportingnews) August 22, 2019
Ezekiel Elliott has been offered a contract that would make him the 2nd highest paid RB in the NFL behind Todd Gurley. [per @WerderEdESPN]
— ✭Cowboys News✭ (@DemBoyz_News) August 22, 2019
Sources: The most recent offer in negotiations between holdout Ezekiel Elliott and the Cowboys came from the team. Elliott has been offered a contract making him one of the NFL's 2 highest-paid RB. That would suggest team offering more than LeVeon Bell and less than Todd Gurley.
— Ed Werder (@WerderEdESPN) August 22, 2019
I would like to think the Cowboys brass are as smart as Joe Thomas when it comes to how contracts work, and I would surely hope they wouldn't be dumb enough to insult our star running back with an offer that's less than Gurleys.
Most likely, the hold up is the Cowboys have offered Zeke more than Gurley money but it just isn't in that 15%-20% range. My guess, the offer is about 5%-10% more than Gurley and Zeke is playing hardball until he gets to at least 15% more. And why shouldn't he? He is the best running back in the league. He's a Hall Of Famer. If the Cowboys don't want to pay him like he is than another team sure as hell will.
So, until then:
This is the dumbest take I've ever read. Let him sit 2 years and see how much the league wants to pay a guy who hasn't played since the 2018 season.
MJM says:
Where is the credit to the OLine? Let's see how he fairs in Miami
Zeke's Road To Super Bowl MVP Starts Today
ZEKE IS OFFICIAL


text:
using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace Microsoft.Win32.Security {
#pragma warning disable
    using Win32Structs;
    using BOOL = System.Int32;
    using DWORD = System.UInt32;

    /// <summary>
    ///  Abstract base class for DACL and SACL.
    /// </summary>
    public abstract class Acl : IEnumerable {
        private readonly AclRevision _revision;
        private Aces _aces = new Aces();
        private byte[] _nativeAcl = null;

        internal protected Acl(IntPtr pacl) {
            // If NULL for the pacl, create an empty DACL
            if (pacl == IntPtr.Zero) {
                _revision = AclRevision.ACL_REVISION;
                return;
            }
            MemoryMarshaler m = new MemoryMarshaler(pacl);
            ACL acl = (ACL)m.ParseStruct(typeof(ACL));
            _revision = acl.AclRevision;
            for (int i = 0; i < acl.AceCount; i++) {
                Ace ace = Ace.Create(m);
                _aces.Add(ace);
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        ///  Create an empty ACL with a the default revision
        /// </summary>
        protected Acl() {
            _revision = AclRevision.ACL_REVISION;
        }
        /// <summary>
        ///  Create an empty ACL with a specific revision
        /// </summary>
        public Acl(AclRevision revision) {
            _revision = revision;
        }
        /// <summary>
        ///  This function is internally called whenever the "_aces" array (content or reference)
        ///  is updated, so that we reset the _nativeAces list.
        /// </summary>
        private void Dirty() {
            _nativeAcl = null;
        }
        public void SetEmpty() {
            _aces = new Aces();
            Dirty();
        }
        public void SetNull() {
            _aces = null;
            Dirty();
        }
        public bool IsEmpty {
            get {
                return (_aces != null) && (_aces.Count == 0);
            }
        }
        public bool IsNull {
            get {
                return (_aces == null);
            }
        }
        public int AceCount {
            get {
                return (_aces == null ? 0 : _aces.Count);
            }
        }
        public Ace GetAce(int index) {
            if (IsNull)
                throw new NullReferenceException("Can't access ACE because ACL is null");

            return _aces[index];
        }
        /// <summary>
        ///  Remove all ACEs having 'sid' as their sid.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sid"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool RemoveAces(Sid sid) {
            if (IsNull)
                return false;

            // Remove from end to start to avoid indices issues
            bool found = false;
            for (int i = AceCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                if (GetAce(i).Sid == sid) {
                    found = true;
                    _aces.RemoveAt(i);
                }
            }

            // If at least one was remove, mark us as "Dirty"
            if (found)
                Dirty();

            return found;
        }
        protected void AddAce(Ace ace) {
            if (_aces == null)
                _aces = new Aces();
            _aces.Add(ace);
            Dirty();
        }
        private unsafe byte[] UnsafeGetNativeACL() {
            if (IsNull)
                return null;

            if (_nativeAcl != null)
                return _nativeAcl;

            // Re-order ACEs if needed (DACL only)
            PrepareAcesForACL();

            // Compute total size (in bytes)
            int totalSize = ACL.SizeOf;
            for (int i = 0; i < AceCount; i++) {
                totalSize += GetAce(i).Size;
            }

            // 1st, copy the Win32 ACL struct
            //ACL acl;
            //acl.AceCount = (UInt16)AceCount;
            //acl.AclRevision = _revision;
            //acl.AclSize = 0; // will be updated later
            //acl.Sbz1 = 0;
            //acl.Sbz2 = 0;
            byte[] res = new byte[totalSize];
            fixed (byte* pacl = res) {
                BOOL rc = Win32.InitializeAcl((IntPtr)pacl, (uint)totalSize, (uint)_revision);
                Win32.CheckCall(rc);

                // 2nd, copy every ACE Win32 struct
                for (int i = 0; i < AceCount; i++) {
                    byte[] aceBytes = GetAce(i).GetNativeACE();
                    fixed (byte* pace = aceBytes) {
                        rc = Win32.AddAce(
                            (IntPtr)pacl, (uint)_revision, DWORD.MaxValue,
                            (IntPtr)pace, (uint)aceBytes.Length);
                        Win32.CheckCall(rc);
                    }
                }
            }

            _nativeAcl = res;
            return res;
        }
        internal byte[] GetNativeACL() {
            try {
                return UnsafeGetNativeACL();
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                throw new Exception("Error creating native representation of an ACL", e);
            }
        }
        protected void SetAce(int i, Ace ace) {
            _aces.SetAce(i, ace);
        }
        /// <summary>
        ///  Derived class can reorder the _aces if needed.
        /// </summary>
        protected abstract void PrepareAcesForACL();

        #region Implementation of IEnumerable
        private static readonly ArrayList _emptyList = new ArrayList();
        public IEnumerator GetEnumerator() {
            if (_aces == null)
                return _emptyList.GetEnumerator();

            return _aces.GetEnumerator();
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Black screen comes after integrate GameSpark BaaS to Android I am trying to integrate GmaeSpark system to Android application. Firstly, I wanna try that at a simple project so created basic project via Android Studio and I added configurations as GameSpark tutorial.
I added dependencies to project's gradle;
buildscript {

    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.1.4'
        classpath 'com.jfrog.bintray.gradle:gradle-bintray-plugin:1.+'
        classpath "com.github.dcendents:android-maven-gradle-plugin:2.1"

        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
        maven {
            url "http://repo.gamesparks.net/mvn"
        }
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

I added implementation of GameSpark client to module's gradle;
apply plugin: 'com.android.feature'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 27
    defaultConfig {
        minSdkVersion 24
        targetSdkVersion 27
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation project(':base')
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'
    implementation 'com.android.support:support-v4:27.1.1'
    implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:27.1.1'
    implementation 'com.gamesparks.sdk:gamesparks-android-client-sdk:+'
}

After that I added needed code to AndroidManifest
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    package="com.slowthstudio.android.testingapp.GameSparkTest">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

    <application>
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar"
            tools:replace="android:theme">

            <intent-filter android:order="1">
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />

                <data
                    android:host="android.slowthstudio.com"
                    android:pathPattern="/.*"
                    android:scheme="https" />
            </intent-filter>
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

And finally I added start code to my activity;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        String apiKey = "apikey";
        String secret = "secret";
        String credential = "device";
        GSAndroidPlatform.initialise(this, apiKey, secret, credential, false, true);

        GSAndroidPlatform.gs().setOnAvailable(new GSEventConsumer<Boolean>() {
            @Override
            public void onEvent(Boolean available) {

                if (available) {
                    //If we connect, authenticate our player

                    toastMessage("Successful");

                } else
                    toastMessage("unSuccessful");
            }
        });

        Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

        FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fab);
        fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Snackbar.make(view, "Replace with your own action", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG)
                        .setAction("Action", null).show();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        GSAndroidPlatform.gs().start();
    }
...
}

But when I run the code, I see only black screen with Gamespark Preview Mode text. Connection is successful but I see black screen. What am I doing wrong?

A: I have solved problem by the way diving into gamespark android sdk codes. I created an Intent at MainActivity and start that activity like below;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        String apiKey = "apikey";
        String secret = "secret";
        String credential = "device";

        GSAndroidPlatform.initialise(this, apiKey, secret, credential, false, true);

        GSAndroidPlatform.gs().setOnAvailable(new GSEventConsumer<Boolean>() {
            @Override
            public void onEvent(Boolean available) {

                if (available) {
                    //If we connect, authenticate our player

                    toastMessage("Successful");

                } else
                    toastMessage("unSuccessful");
            }
        });

        Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

        FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fab);
        fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Snackbar.make(view, "Replace with your own action", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG)
                        .setAction("Action", null).show();
            }
        });

        Intent openMainActivity = new Intent(this.getContext(), MainActivity.class);
        openMainActivity.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_REORDER_TO_FRONT);
        startActivity(openMainActivity);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        GSAndroidPlatform.gs().start();
    }
...
}

Then it was solved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
appellate court in a sentence
1) The appellate court found this was error.
appellate collocations
2) A federal appellate court upheld the decision.
3) He has argued before state trial and appellate courts .
appellate court example sentences
4) The matter is pending before Texas appellate courts .
5) The appellate court disagreed with the trial court.
6) The case remains active pending resolution by the appellate court .
7) He briefed and argued cases before state and federal appellate courts .
8) A federal appellate court upheld the original ruling on appeal.
9) Why did the appellate court so decide?
10) They also approved three new appellate courts .
11) An appellate court must reach unanimous agreement to overturn an acquittal.
12) The appellate court reversed the lower court's order.
13) But two appellate courts have said so.
14) So we are very hopeful in the appellate courts .
15) In 39 states an intermediate appellate court will hear the case.
example sentences with appellate court
16) The verdict was later overturned by the Michigan appellate court .
17) This conviction was upheld by the appellate court in 1981.
18) These appellate courts do not normally conduct trials or hear witnesses.
19) The appellate court heard oral argument on April 16, 1936.
20) An appellate court affirmed Judge Stein's decision.
21) The plaintiff filed an appeal before the first appellate court .
22) They can't be changed by an appellate court .
23) Now, the appellate courts have accepted this approach.
24) However, the appellate court overturned the trial court's ruling.
25) An emergency writ to the appellate court could block his action.
26) Appellate courts do not hear witness testimony or examine new evidence.
27) This may sway an appellate court to order a new trial.
28) The court of Appeal is solely an appellate court .
How to use appellate court in a sentence
29) Side Views Was the appellate court doing the right thing ?
30) However, strangely enough, the appellate court upheld the agreement.
31) The trial court entered a nonsuit and the appellate court affirmed.
32) The appellate court declared her innocent on 7 July 1456.
33) Two re-trial appeals were declined by the appellate court .
34) Remember, the appellate court will not consider new evidence.
35) Both cases were appealed and both appellate courts upheld the lower court decisions.
36) The appellate court cannot refuse to listen to the appeal.
37) Unfortunately for Friedman, the California appellate court disagreed.
38) There are 12 civil courts, eight criminal courts and three appellate courts .
39) In some places, the appellate court has limited powers of review.
40) It went back and forth between the district and appellate courts twice.
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and This is a fast way of learning the meaning of appellate court with example sentences.
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appeasement policy appellant appel appellate appellate practice appellate opinion appellate attorney appellate panel appellate decision appellate lawyer appellate proceeding appellate review appellate counsel appellate ruling appellate judge appellate tribunal appellate brief appellate jurisdiction appellate court -


text:
Labor and tax laws in Iran
Title: Labor and tax laws in Iran
Subject: Iran, Politics of Iran, Tehran Stock Exchange, List of companies of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
The fiscal year begins on March 21 and ends on March 20 of the next year. The Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs is the government agency authorized to levy and collect taxes. In 2008, about 55% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, the rest from taxes and fees.[1] An estimated 50 percent of Iran's GDP was exempt from taxes in FY 2004.[2] There are virtually millions of people who do not pay taxes in Iran and hence operate outside the formal economy.[3][4]
As part of the Iranian Economic Reform Plan, the government has proposed income tax increases on traders in gold, steel, fabrics and other sectors, prompting several work stoppages by merchants.[5] In 2011, the government announced that during the second phase of the economic reform plan, it aims to increase tax revenues, simplify tax calculation method, introduce double taxation, mechanize tax system, regulate tax exemptions and prevent tax evasion.[6]
1 Government's budget
2 Income tax
2.1 Islamic taxes
3 Real estate tax
3.1 Capital gains tax
4 Capital markets
4.1 Exemptions
5 Inheritance tax
6 Corporate profit tax
6.1 Taxation of foreign companies
6.2 Tax on Liaison, Representative and Branch Offices
6.3 Tax advantages & exemptions
6.4 Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Act (FIPPA)
6.5 Tax exemption - major changes
6.6 Losses
7 Appeals procedure
7.1 Official accountants
8 Indirect Taxes (sales, VAT)
8.1 VAT tax exemption
8.2 Municipal tax
8.3 E-commerce
9 Customs
9.1 Tariff rates
9.2 Smuggling
9.2.1 Effect on employment
9.3 "Dumping"
9.4 Modernization
9.5 Free trade zones and re-export
11 References and notes
Government's budget
Main article: Government's budget
According to the Expediency Council, more than 60% of economic activity in Iran evades taxation: 40% of the economic activity falls under an exemption and the remaining 21% are conducted off-the-books (2012).[7]
The government can increase its tax revenues 2.5 times by enacting tax reforms. As at 2012, taxes account for 43% of the government's revenues and 7% of Iran's GDP. The Expediency Council's report recommended increasing that share to 15% of the GDP.[7]
There are five categories of income earned by individuals. Each category is taxed separately and has its own computational rules.
Salaries (see below);
Income from professions, trades, and miscellaneous sources; (see here [8])
Incidental or windfall earnings; (see here [9])
Real estate income (see under "Real estate tax" section below)
Income derived from agriculture (see under "Tax exemptions" section below)
For taxable income consisting of salary and benefits, employers are required to make the necessary tax deductions from their employees' payroll and submit them to the tax authorities. However, when calculating taxable income, exemptions and deductions are allowed. As of 2009, only government employees were paying their fair share of income taxes.[10]
Individuals of Iranian nationality resident in Iran are subject to tax on all their income whether earned in Iran or abroad. Foreign nationals working in Iran are also subject to the same income tax based on their salary. Non-resident individuals are liable to pay tax only on their Iranian-sourced income. Foreign employees cannot obtain an exit visa from Iran unless they provide proof that they have paid their due taxes, and since they need to obtain an exit permit when their presence in Iran is based on a work permit, the government can easily enforce this rule. The government assumes a certain salary for employees depending on their position and country of origin. The assumed minimum monthly salaries in 2004 range from US$2,500 for unskilled European workers to US$7,000 for European managing directors.
Salary Tax Rates
Annual Income/Profit in IRR
Income Tax Rate[11][12]
Up to 30,000,000 (US$3,230) 15%
30,000,000 to 100,000,000 (US$10,767) 20%
100,000,000 to 250,000,000 (US$26,917) 25%
250,000,000 to 1,000,000,000 (US$107,666) 30%
In excess of 1,000,000,000 (US$107,666) 35%
Islamic taxes
In addition to these mandatory taxes, Islamic taxes are collected on a voluntary basis. These include an individual's income tax (Arabic khums, "one-fifth"); an alms-tax (zakat), which has a variable rate and benefits charitable causes; and a land tax (kharaj), the rate of which is based on the principle of one-tenth ('ushr) of the value of crops, unless the land is tax-exempt.
Rental income is subject to real estate income tax in Iran. A fixed deduction of 25% of the gross income is extended to all taxpayers to account for income-generating expenses. The net income, which is 75% of the gross rent, is then subject to the same rates as in the above table (max. 35%). Rental income is exempted from real estate tax if the property is a residential property leased as such and measures up to 150 sq. m. if it is located in Tehran (up to 200 sq. m. if it is located in other parts of the country).[12]
In Iran the transfer of land, not the land itself, is subject to taxation. Transfer of properties: 5% of the transaction value (15% for new buildings).[13]
As of 2009, Iran has no capital gains tax on the sale of real estate assets. However, a capital gain tax will be introduced with the implementation of the 2010 economic reform plan.[14][15]
As of July 2010, taxes on TSE transactions are as follows:
Cash dividend: none (22.5% at source from Company).[16]
Share transfers: the Tax Amendment has changed the regulations regarding calculation of tax on transfer of shares and their rights in Iranian corporate entities.
In the case of shares listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) the tax on transfer of such shares and other rights is 0.5 per cent of the sales price.[17]
In the case of transfer of the shares and their rights to other corporate entities (i.e. those not listed on the TSE) a flat rate of four per cent of value of the shares and rights transferred applies. No other taxes will be charged. The Amendment has removed the requirement to value the shares in this category.[17]
Capital gain: no tax (bonds or equities).[11][18]
Interest income: no tax.[18]
Participation papers: Profit and awards accrued are tax exempt.[11]
Listed companies: 10% tax exemption, companies holding 20% free loat shares are provided 20% tax exemption.[16]
Foreign investors: Foreign investors in TSE are tax-exempt.[19]
Inheritance taxes are levied at progressive rates depending on the relationship between the deceased and the heir.
Category I: (first degree heirs) parents, spouse, children, grandchildren
Category II: (second degree heirs) grandparents, siblings, nieces, nephews
Category III: (third degree heirs) uncles, aunts, children of uncles and aunts
A deduction allowance of IRR30 million (US$3,230) is extended to each first degree heir. First degree heirs who are below 20 years of age or are incapacitated are entitled to the maximum deduction allowance of IRR50 million (US$5,383).
The inheritance tax rates are as follows:[20]
Tax rates on different categories
Tax base, IRR (US$)
Up to 50 million (US$5,383) 5% 15% 35%
50 million – 200 million (US$21,533) 15% 25% 45%
200 million – 500 million (US$53,832) 25% 35% 55%
Over 500 million (US$53,832) 35% 45% 65%
Corporate profit tax
A new flat rate corporation tax of 25 per cent payable on the profits of corporate commercial entities has been introduced. This rate replaces the old corporation tax of 10 per cent and progressive rates of income tax (12-54 per cent) on reserves and distributable income. Apart from the 25 per cent corporation tax and the 0.3 per cent Chamber of Commerce tax no more taxes will be payable by the corporate entity or the shareholders.[21]
The new rate of corporation tax will also apply to joint venture corporate entities registered in Iran. The tax incidence will therefore be on the corporate entity and not on the shareholder. The calculation of the tax has been simplified.
All contracting work performed by foreign contractors, whether or not the company is registered in Iran, is taxed. For contracts signed before March 21, 2003, gross taxable income is calculated as gross contract receipts less the cost of imported material. Income is then taxed at 12% of gross taxable income less contract retention. For contracts signed after March 21, 2003, taxable income is the gross contract receipts less contract expenses. Income is taxed at 25 per cent less 5 per cent taxes withheld at source.
Taxation of foreign companies
Taxation in Iran generates particular unease among foreign firms because they appear to be arbitrarily enforced[22] – tax bills are initially based on 'assumed earnings' calculated by the Finance and Economy Ministry according to the size of the company and the sector in which it operates. Factors such as the quality and location of a company's offices are also widely believed to have an impact on tax assessment.
All foreign investors doing business in Iran or deriving income from sources in Iran are subject to taxation. Depending on the type of activity the foreign investor is engaged in, various taxes and exemptions are applicable, including profit tax, income tax, property tax, etc.[23]
Generally speaking, Iran has two types of laws concerning foreign companies. The first are laws that address issues concerning foreign companies directly such as the Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Act (FIPPA) and the second are general laws of which certain articles or by-laws address foreign companies, for instance the Taxation Law and the Labor Law. The Tax Act had divided the source of income earned by foreign companies either direct or through their branches in Iran into three main categories:[24]
Income earned in Iran by way of contracting operations
Income earned from Iran by way of royalties and licensing fees
Other activities - trading operations, etc.
[Note: The Amendment has introduced certain changes in the tax treatment of the above activities.]
Foreign legal entities must pay taxes on all taxable income earned through investments in mainland Iran or from direct or indirect (through agents, branch offices, etc.) activities in mainland Iran, at the flat rate of 25% as mentioned in Article 47 of the Amendment law.[25]
Income from royalty and licensing fees received from industrial and mining companies, government ministries and municipalities, and income from film-screening rights are subject to a deemed taxable coefficient on income of 20 per cent. All other income from royalties and licences from foreign companies is subject to a deemed taxable coefficient on income of 30 per cent. The coefficients are based on the standard corporate tax rate of 25 per cent, so that the effective tax rate is either 5 per cent or 7.5 per cent.[21]
[Note: The Amendment has removed the confusion surrounding 'technical assistance contracting' by including 'technical assistance' and 'transfer of technology' in contracting operations subject to tax on the basis of 12 per cent of annual fees.]
Tax on Liaison, Representative and Branch Offices
The same corporate and profit taxes will be applied to the taxable income of branches of foreign companies (contractors, consultant engineers, et al.)
Other income earning activities of foreign branches will be subject to taxation on an actual basis, i.e. based on their income tax return as filed and supported by their statutory accounting books.[21]
Expenses incurred in Iran by Iranian registered branches and representative offices of foreign companies that are not authorised by their head offices to engage in any trading activity but are only authorised to conduct marketing and market research in Iran are tax deductible upon presentation of receipts from their head office.
Tax advantages & exemptions
Income tax exemptions are available to new factories established in "special areas", and last from four to eight years, from the first day of operations. In addition, 80% of the reported profit of all manufacturing, mining, assembly plant and related engineering companies are exempt from income taxes. Tax incentives, meanwhile, are available to manufacturing, mining, agricultural activities, exports and investment in special areas.[24]
In the agricultural sector, by virtue of Article 81 of[26] the revenues of activities in the fields of agriculture, animal husbandry and livestock, pisciculture, apiculture, raising poultry, hunting, fisheries, sericulture, and restoration of forests, pasturage, orchards, trees and palms of whatever kind are exempted from taxation.
The income of rural, tribal, and agricultural cooperative societies and those of fishermen, laborers, employees, students and their unions are 100 percent tax exempt.
The revenues from hand woven carpets and handicrafts and the related production cooperative companies and unions are exempt from taxation.
The revenues of inventors or discoverers from their innovations and discoveries are exempt from taxation. Also revenues of research and development activities of institutes which have obtained licenses for such activities from the relevant ministries will be exempt from taxation for 10 years as of the entry into force of the Amendment, according to the provisions of the relevant circular of the Council of Ministers.
Profit and awards accrued to participation papers are tax exempt.
All housing production projects for the low-income groups and housing production in the dilapidated urban fabrics will enjoy a discount of around 50% on construction tariffs and construction density fees. The remaining amount can be paid in installments and will not be subject to any commission fees.[13]
Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Act (FIPPA)
Protection through Enactment of FIPPA[13]
Level of Exemption
Duration of Exemption
Agriculture 100% No Time Limit
Industry and Mining 80% 4 Years
Industry and Mining in Less-Developed Areas 100% 10 Years
Tourism 50% No Time Limit
Exports 100% No Time Limit
Location requirement for tax-exemption:
If investment located out of a 120-kilometer radius from the center of Tehran,
If investment located out of a 50-kilometer radius from the center of Isfahan,
If investment located out of a 30-kilometers radius from the centers of provinces (except for the Industrial Estates within this radius)
100% of taxable income of all units located in less developed areas shall be tax exempted for a period of 10 years.
Tax exemption - major changes
The exemptions on exports of manufactured and agricultural goods remain in force, but an ambiguity has occurred in the amendment regarding exemptions extended to the public sector (Iranian Government owned entities). Government owned enterprises and their shares in the private sector entities were excluded from all exemptions granted under the Tax Act.[27]
This exclusion has been removed from the relevant texts in the amendment. Until clarification is provided, it is not certain whether or not the government minority shares in the private sector manufacturing, mining and exports activities would enjoy the exemptions granted.[27]
The 50 per cent tax exemption previously granted to tourism enterprises has been extended to include five-star hotels.[27]
Losses sustained by all taxpayers engaged in trading and other activities, who are required to keep proper books of account, provided they are accepted by the tax authorities; will be carried forward and written off against future profits for a period of three years.[21]
Appeals procedure
It is noteworthy to point out that the Amendment has removed the second stage of appeal process. Appeals to the High Council of Taxation could only be made on questions of non-compliance with the provisions of the Tax Act rather than questions of fact.
Official accountants
The Amendment has for the first time after 1979 reintroduced the concept of the tax audit to be undertaken by 'official accountants' and their designated firms. The taxpayer or the tax administration can choose to appoint an official accountant or a designated firm of official accountants to examine his records and report to the tax authorities.
The accounting profession is not particularly organized in Iran. However, the influence of the foreign accounting practices implies an evolution and a relation between the Iranian accountants training and the American one. Thus, an increasing number of accountants and Iranian auditors receives an American training and apply it in Iran. This will contribute to strengthen the harmonization of Iranian .
Indirect Taxes (sales, VAT)
In 2008, sales tax rate in Iran was 3%.[28] Value Added Tax Act (VATA) was put into effect since mid-year 1387 (2008).[29] Its implementation was suspended following 10 days of widespread demonstrations across Iran in October 2008.[30] This Act has substituted all previous laws and regulations dealing with indirect taxes (including sales tax). According to the VATA, supply of commodities and services, as well as their imports and exports, shall be subject to the provisions of this Law.
According to article 16 of this Act, the VAT rate is 1.5 percent, but the VAT rates of certain goods such as "cigarettes and tobacco products" and "gasoline and jet fuel" are respectively 12 and 20 percent. In addition to the VAT rates just mentioned, article 38 of VATA levies the following duties on goods and services which are subject to this Act:[11]
Additional duties (2009)[11]
all types of cigarettes and tobacco products 3%
all types of petrol (gasoline) and jet fuel 10%
kerosene and gas oil 10%
on fuel oil 5%
all other goods and services 1.5%
The fifth development plan stipulates that VAT is to be increased by 1% each year, in order that it reaches 8% by the end of the plan. As of 2010, VAT for goods and services (except oil and tobacco products) was 3%.[31]
VAT tax exemption
VAT will not apply to free trade zones in Iran. However, goods and services entering Iran's customs territory will be subject to payment of VAT according to the law.[32] Articles 12 and 13 stipulate that supply and importation of some commodities and services including the following shall be exempt from the VATA:
a) Unprocessed agricultural products;
b) Livestock and live poultry, aquatic products, honey bees and silkworms;
c) All types of fertilizers, pesticides, seeds and saplings;
d) Bakery flour, bread, meat, sugar, rice, cereals and soya, milk, cheese, shortening and baby formula;
e) Books, press, notebooks and all types of printing papers, writing pads and papers and press papers;
f) Passenger goods for personal use, as exempted under the Export-Import Regulations ;
g) Immovable property;
h) All types of medicine, medical consumables, medical services (human, animal or plant) as well as rehabilitation and other supportive services;
i) Services subject to payment of salary taxes envisaged in the Direct Taxation Law;
j) Banking and credit services rendered by banks, credit institutes and cooperatives, authorized interest-free loan funds and cooperative funds;
k) Public transportation services and urban and inter-city roads, railway, air and sea passenger transport services;
l) Hand woven carpets;
m) All types of research and training services, as stipulated in a By-Law to be approved by the Council of Ministers;
n) Animal and poultry feed;
o) Export of goods and services from official exit points. Any tax paid on account of such exports shall be reimbursed (as regards commodities) upon submitting a certification of the customs certifying the export of goods. Value Added Tax (VAT) does not apply to free trade zones (FTZ) in Iran. However, goods and services entering Iran's customs territory from FTZs will be subject to payment of VAT according to the law.[32]
Municipal tax
Municipal tax in Iran is 3%.[33] (plan to replace it with VAT tax)
Neither the Electronic Commerce Law of 2004 nor any other Iranian legislation deals specifically with taxation arising from e-commerce.[34]
As of 2006, imports to Iran valued at more than IR500,000 ($50,000) must undergo pre-shipment quantity and quality inspection in their country of origin by an internationally recognised inspection organisation (such as SGS S.A.). Goods exported to Iran must be subject to invoices authenticated by the Iranian Embassy and by a nominated Chamber of Commerce operating in the supplier's country.[35]
Tariff rates
Indicative listing of import tariff rates in 2006[35]
Tariff rate
chemical products 10%
ordinary metals 10%
measurement instruments 10%
medical equipment 10%
food industry 15%
mining raw production 15%
leather industry 15%
paper and wood fabrics 15%
mechanical machinery 15%
agricultural raw production 25%
electric machinery 25%
automotive vehicles 100%
One third of the imported goods in Iran are delivered through the black market, underground economy, and illegal jetties.[38] Iran is modernizing the customs to prevent the smuggling of contraband in and out of the country worth $12 billion annually.[39] Other estimates put the value of smuggled goods into Iran alone at $5.5 billion-$6 billion annually. In 2010, Police in Iran estimated about $16 billion worth of goods is smuggled into Iran each year. $12 billion worth of goods are illegal to have or own in Iran, with the remaining $4 billion being legal goods that are legal to own in Iran.[40]
Largest black markets in Iran are those of:[40][41]
Drug smuggling ($8.5 billion),
Petroleum smuggling (>$1.3 billion),
Alcohol smuggling ($912.5 million),
Cigarette smuggling,
Prostitution,
Arms trafficking,
Corruption,
Pirated movies and software piracy.
One Majlis member recently stated that IRGC black-market activities alone might account for $12 billion per year.[38] Iranian commander Mohammadreza Yazdi has stated that all IRGC economic activities are legitimate.[42] Besides the IRGC, rogue elements within the Government of Iran, Bonyads and the Bazaar are allegedly involved in the smuggling activity.[43]
Up to 80 percent of these goods enter the country through unregistered ports and jetties in the Persian gulf, thus undermining the domestic industries in agriculture, garment, textile, home appliances, electronics, etc.[44][45][46]
Dubai and Khasab in the Persian Gulf are important foreign centers of smuggling into Iran.[43][47] These imports enter Iran through major ports such as Bandar-e Abbas or free trade zones such as the islands of Kish and Qeshm.[43] Excessive import tariffs (for items such as clothing for example) also contributes to smuggling in Iran.[43]
Effect on employment
As per 2010 Iranian customs report $14.43 billion worth of goods were smuggled in and out of Iran out of which $13.25 billion was the value of goods smuggled into Iran leading to loss of some 600,000 jobs.[48]
"Dumping"
Economic dumping by countries like China stem from a combination of factors such as overpriced/low-quality of comparable Iranian goods (i.e., lack of competitiveness) in most cases and low Iranian tariff rates for those goods.[49] Iran has since passed a law that bans the import of foreign goods and services when similar products or capacities already exist in Iran.[50][51][52][53] Iran says that 200 thousand new jobs are created with every one billion dollar reduction in imports.[54] It has been noted that adaptation by domestic suppliers to the Iranian consumer tastes and the marketing process needs also to be developed and improved. In this regard, the Supreme Leader of Iran has urged Iranians to consume more domestic products over imported ones.[55]
In an effort to streamline and harmonize the customs procedure with other governmental and private partners, the As of March 21, 2010, all imported goods must have barcode stickers Irancode that meet the national and international standards.[57]
Free trade zones and re-export
Iranian labor law
List of major economic laws in Iran
Economy of Iran
International Rankings of Iran in Economy
Tax rates around the world
Constitution of Iran
Bonyad - Iran's foundations which control 20% of Iran's GDP.
Fiscal policy in Iran
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran)
(English) Ministry of Finance in Iran - Direct tax laws
Central Bank of Iran, including macro-economic data, sectoral activity and labor statistics.
Corporate Income Tax in Iran - Iran Trade Point
Summary of Principal Iranian Taxes (Note: document has not been updated)
Tehran Chamber of Commerce - Offers free tax consulting for companies intending to invest in Iran
(English) Nur Law - Database on Iranian laws and regulations
US Social Security Administration - Iran's entry (details on Iran's social security laws)
Islamic Republic of Iran's Customs Administration
Iran's Export-Import Regulation Act (2002)
Iran's list of countries which have signed double taxation convention, or bilateral reciprocal promotion & protection of investment agreements
Australian trade: Doing business in Iran - Many practical information including importation procedure to Iran.
PressTV (2012)
Taxation in Asia
States with limited recognition
Other dependent territories
Azerbaijan, Turkey, Pakistan, Persian language, Armenia
Politics of Iran
Iran, YouTube, Iranian presidential election, 2013, Economy of Iran, Ali Khamenei
Iran, Economy of Iran, Privatization in Iran, Iranian rial, Sanctions against Iran
List of companies of Iran
Energy in Iran, Iranian cars, Banking and Insurance in Iran, Mining in Iran, Industry of Iran
Mohammad Khatami, Ali Khamenei, Iran, Hassan Rouhani, Israel


Senior Officers IV-A & IV-B Class of 1949- Front row, seating, left to right: Natividad Cadague, Paulino Cabrera, Atty. Daniel O Banks, Sr., Andres Hernandez, Gliceria Sioson. Second row, standing, from left: Severina San Miguel, Socorro Villante, Herminina Zardilla, Leticia Tabora, Primo Romero, Manuel Avila, Jesus R. Docoto, Nellie Celevante, Ernestina Pelonio Teodora Cadague, Bonifacia Falcon. Third row, from left: David Naval, Antonio Bonot, Macario Elopre, Remigio Pascual, Prospero Naval, Achilles Tordila, Juan Palma, Vicente Bonot.
There must be rich memories spun and created behind the Bicol Teachers College and Bicol High School that alumni of the defunct twin institutions in Calabanga town keep a semi-active reunion dates. This, despite the graduates are now octogenarians and many are in far off places or gone to their final resting place.
But those still around Calabanga and the vicinities and even those outside the community keep contact with acquaintances from time to time.
I know few of them. Some are actually relatives on my mother side. David Hernandez, when in town has stories to tell about those good old days, as if, it only happened yesterday.
Part of the Bicol High School Graduating Class of 1949.
In a brief span of about eight years, the institutions graduated hundreds of locals. Its presence saved the struggling post World War II period parents from sending their children to far away Naga. That time, it was an effort going to the center of education due to severe lack of means of transportation and money. The approximate eleven kilometer distance between Calabanga and Naga was a challenging length for a walk that time.
Studying in Naga meant living with some relatives. One can not go home on a daily basis. Others only come home once a month. Hence, the best option were the local schools.
But the effort and trust on the twin institutions were not for nothing. It graduated a good crop of "new" and disciplined young citizens of the community. Some of the graduates find themselves jobs, mostly as elementary grades teachers. During that period, teachers were much needed hereabout.
To name a few, Atty. David Naval, Sr. (father of CamSur 3rd district board member Angel Naval) was a product of the Bicol High School and Teachers College. Atty. Vicente Bonot, Sr., also graduated from there. Both Calabangueños proved their mettle. Later, they were elected on different times and terms as provincial board members (equivalent to the current Sangguniang Panlalawigan) of the province of Camarines Sur. Antonio Bonot progressed into a successful businessman. Others moved on to occupy important positions in schools, and in government and private organizations.
It may be too late, but, by way of this Bicol Street Journal post, we honor the good memories and efforts of the people behind the Bicol High School and Teachers College. We are placing, in a virtual pedestal of honorable memorials the founder- Atty. Perfecto Tabora and the handful of teachers, including, among others, Atty. Daniel O. Banks, Sr., that nurtured the youths until their graduation. They did a splendid job.
This writer only hope the town can do something more than that token marker on the side streets of barangay Del Carmen and San Antonio. If not for the alumni, we would not have seen one to perpetuate the memory and good service the schools gave to the town and the communities.
This entry was posted in FOOTNOTES and tagged Bicol Teachers College, Calabanga. Bookmark the permalink.
I am so enthused to see the pictures of the Class of 1949 Bicol High School graduates who among in the pictures were those successful kababayan to mention a few, Board Members Atty Vicente Bonot and Atty. David Naval.
I am so proud that I am also an alumni of the Bicol High School 1954. I am so thankful that our town had the opportunity to have these 2 institutions. If this did not happened, I would never have a chance to live here in Los Angeles, California with a family.
I am from Los Banos, Laguna, but studied at the Bicol Teachers College from 1962 to 1966. I am proud to be a graduate of the Bicol Teachers College, and through the Bicol Street Journal, I hope to re-connect with former classmates. I have recently retired from the University of the Philippines Los Banos, where I taught English for 14 years.
I will always have fond memories of the Bicol Teachers College.
oh, my dear classmates, please let me hear from you. my email address is emeritacervantes@yahoo.co.uk.
@Emerita Padua Cervantes: Appreciate your comments. Have corrected already.


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Mount Fuji (富士山 Fujisan), located on Honshu Island, is the highest mountain in Japan at 3,776.24 m (12,389 ft). An active stratovolcano that last erupted in 1707–08, Mount Fuji lies about 100 kilometres (60 mi) south-west of Tokyo, and can be seen from there on a clear day. Mount Fuji's exceptionally symmetrical cone, which is snow-capped several months a year, is a well-known symbol of Japan and it is frequently depicted in art and photographs, as well as visited by sightseers and climbers. It is one of Japan's "Three Holy Mountains" (三霊山 Sanreizan) along with Mount Tate and Mount Haku; it is a Special Place of Scenic Beauty, a Historic Site, and was added to the World Heritage List as a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013.
The mountain has been selected as a "cultural" rather than a "natural" heritage site. As per UNESCO, Mount Fuji has "inspired artists and poets and been the object of pilgrimage for centuries". The 25 locations include the mountain itself, Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha and six other Sengen shrines, two lodging houses, Lake Yamanaka, Lake Kawaguchi, the eight Oshino Hakkai hot springs, two lava tree molds, the remains of the Fuji-kō cult in the Hitoana cave, Shiraito Falls, and Miho no Matsubara pine tree grove.
Mount Fuji seen from above
The current kanji for Mount Fuji, 富 and 士, mean "wealth" or "abundant" and "a man with a certain status" respectively. However, these characters are ateji, meaning that the characters were selected because their pronunciations match the syllables of the name but do not carry a meaning related to the mountain.
The origin of the name Fuji is unclear. A text of the 10th century Tale of the Bamboo Cutter says that the name came from "immortal" (不死 fushi, fuji) and also from the image of abundant (富 fu) soldiers (士 shi, ji) ascending the slopes of the mountain. An early folk etymology claims that Fuji came from 不二 (not + two), meaning without equal or nonpareil. Another claims that it came from 不尽 (not + to exhaust), meaning neverending.
In English, the mountain is known as Mount Fuji. Some sources refer to it as "Fuji-san", "Fujiyama" or, redundantly, "Mt. Fujiyama". Japanese speakers refer to the mountain as "Fuji-san". This "san" is not the honorific suffix used with people's names, such as Watanabe-san, but the on-reading of the character yama (山, lit. "mountain").
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August 26, 2019 | By Erick Villagomez
Image from the City of Vancouver's 1928 Bartholomew Plan.
Can city design be good? Few would doubt that they can, yet an honest answer must be tentative. It must pry into city planning, objectives, and the relations between objectives, reality, decisions, designs and achievements.
So started the essay Quality in City Design written by well-known urban theorist Kevin Lynch in 1966. The piece is a wonderfully candid and comprehensive discussion about the city-wide planning and the complex variables that necessarily intersect to produce a city plan of value. In the end, he could still give no definitive answer to his initial question: a testament to the type of problem the city is.
Given that the piece was written over half a century ago and the explosive knowledge we've gained since that time, one would assume that Lynch's insights would be either out-dated or significantly expanded upon. Sadly, this is not the case. His work is equally relevant now and cities—their design, governance, and processes—remain a baffling puzzle, despite millennia of history.
As the local and global impacts of cities increase, however, it is that much more important to clearly outline what we know about city planning, as Lynch did in his time, in an attempt to inform good decision-making. This is particularly relevant now as many cities, including Vancouver, are attempting city-wide plans.
Within this context, this series will attempt to answer a similar question as Lynch, reframed for the present: Is it possible to create a good contemporary city-wide plan, and if so, how? It will aspire to be as eloquent, candid and succinct as Lynch and use his original framework as a scaffold. I will have succeeded if, by the end, it shows why someone who dedicated his life's work to the understanding of cities failed to answer such a seemingly basic question.
What is a city?
Those of us who live in cities seem to believe we understand what they are, so this is a worthwhile place to start. A quick search to find the definition of what a city is results in a very foggy journey into vague words. In truth, the term 'city' is an arbitrary category used to differentiate diverse settlement types ranging from a small grouping of dwellings to the expansive megalopolis and beyond.
The "city" lies somewhere within this continuum and our inability to clearly describe its attributes and how it works underscores the intense challenges of city-wide planning and design, in general, let alone good planning and design.
Of particular relevance now, and relating to the topic of defining the city, is the issue of boundaries. Countless ancient cities had walls and structures defining their limits explicitly. This delineation made the physical distinction between "city" and "non-city" clear but also masked the fact that most, if not all, didn't function economically, politically and socially in full isolation.
Here, even in these very early days of cities, we see the seeds of a fundamental challenge to city-wide planning: the city is more than a physical artifact. Well-known urban historian Lewis Mumford once wrote:
The city in its complete sense, then is a geographic plexus, an economic organization, an institutional process, a theater of social action, and an aesthetic symbol of collective unity.
And this does well to give us an inkling of the breadth of what the city is. It's a built environment. A network. A process. A social theatre. An aesthetic artifact. A symbol. And many others can be added. The city is an infrastructure. A type of media. A creative engine. An ecosystem. The list goes on.
Does this really relate to the nitty-gritty of planning and designing a city? Definitely. The definition of what cities are and how they work is now more ambiguous than ever. Cities are increasingly co-dependent and systemic—that is, they are interconnected across diverse scales, overstepping legal municipal boundaries.
Can one truly consider the City of Vancouver, for example, in isolation from its surrounding municipalities? The lived experience of the city doesn't end at its official city limits. As a very mundane example, I'm fortunate enough to live in a wonderfully walkable Vancouver neighbourhood that I take full advantage of. However, I play hockey in Burnaby, ski on the North Shore, work in Richmond and UBC, and hike regularly throughout the Lower Mainland, the Fraser Valley and Fraser basin. My private practice takes me all over the Lower Mainland and beyond…let alone my regular visits to friends and family at the other end of the country.
Moreover, cities are tied to global economic and social networks that affect daily life. Let's look at a popular current municipal example, housing affordability. Although its impact is highly localized, the issue is intimately connected to global flows of money and capital. Yes, certain steps may be taken at the municipal level to temper its effects, but long-term solutions are necessarily multi-scalar and complex. The massive explosion in social housing of decade ago resulted, not from a singular municipal intention, but from the intricate alignment of greater social values, economic wealth, political backing and financial mechanisms, to list just a few of the elements.
The above serves well to ground us in the contemporary reality facing those endeavouring to plan a city. Simply put, current urban environments are increasingly and unpredictably complex. They are part of an expanding and interconnected social, economic, environmental and physical system, and are continually changing and ill-researched because there are no historical precedents. Where five cities reached a population of one million people between the first urban settlement thousands of years ago and 1800, we now live in a world where cities over five million people are a dime a dozen.
With this as a foundation, Part 2 will look more closely at common planning initiatives and their relationship to contemporary city-wide planning processes.
Erick Villagomez is one of the founding editors at Spacing Vancouver and the author of The Laws of Settlements: 54 Laws Underlying Settlements across Scale and Culture. He is also an educator, independent researcher and designer with personal and professional interests in the urban landscapes. His private practice – Metis Design|Build – is an innovative practice dedicated to a collaborative and ecologically responsible approach to the design and construction of places. You can see more of his artwork on his Visual Thoughts Tumblr and follow him on his instagram account: @e_vill1.
More posts by Erick Villagomez


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I have a domain with 1 Windows Server 2003 server. There are 10 workstations runnning XP Pro and Office 2003. We recently installed Exchange Server 2005 on the server mainly to take advantage of the Global Address List (GAL) feature. Previously, each user was using Outlook 2003 and pop email through our ISP. Everyone has their own address book which they all would like to share. How do I import the 10 address books into a GAL?
Users in exchange 2003 can not see email address in GAL for migrated user.
How do I change the GAL source to the Active Directory server I want it to use?
What you're doing is setting up "mail-enabled" objects. You will need to use an import tool such as CSVDE, which should be in the system32 directory on the Exchange server. You'll want to mess around with exports first to make sure you have the format right before you do an import.
What you're doing is setting up "mail-enabled" objects. You will need to use an import tool such as CSVDE, which should be in the system32 directory on the Exchange server. You'll want to mess around with exports first to make sure you have the format right before you do an import.


text:
Sketch of would-be intruder who tried to break into a Middle Village woman's home
Sketch courtesy of NYPD
By Robert Pozarycki
rpozarycki@qns.com
Police have released a sketch of the man who attempted to break into a Middle Village house early on Tuesday morning.
Law enforcement sources said the trouble began at 2 a.m. on Oct. 16, when a 24-year-old woman heard a noise coming from near the back door of her home in the area of 61st Road and 69th Street.
Upon further inspection, authorities said, she spotted an unidentified man attempting to climb onto the second-story deck of the house. She then banged on the window, which police said startled the intruder and caused him to fall.
The suspect then fled the scene in an unknown direction.
Officers from the 104th Precinct responded to the location; no injuries were reported.
A police sketch artist drew up an image of the intruder based on the description that officers received. The NYPD described the suspect as a Hispanic man with short black hair between 35 and 45 years of age, standing 5 feet, 10 inches tall and weighing about 180 pounds. He was last seen wearing a blue hooded sweatshirt and blue jeans.
Anyone with information about the burglary attempt or the suspect's whereabouts can call Crime Stoppers at 800-577-TIPS (for Spanish, dial 888-57-PISTA), visit the Crime Stoppers website, send a direct message to the Crime Stoppers Twitter account (@NYPDTips) or send a text message to 274637 (CRIMES), then enter TIP577. All calls and messages are kept confidential.
61st Road


text:
Q: Run MinGW gcc compiler in Windows 7 without setting environment variables I have a MinGW folder in Windows and I didn't set any paths in environment variables. When I run the following command:
D:\toolchains\MinGW\bin>gcc.exe hw.c -o hw

I got this error:
gcc.exe: error: CreateProcess: No such file or directory

As far as I understand, this problem caused by that I didn't add this path to  environment variables. How can I solve this problem without adding this path to  environment variables, because I'm planning to run this command from Python script.

A: You either have to modify your PATH environment variable or start the gcc process with the right working directory. You can do both in python:

*

*Modify environment variables from within python

*Specify a working directory for a subprocess in python
I would recommend to modify the PATH variable.

A: You have to set the PATH environment variable for raw Mingw to work. See this, the section called "Environment Settings":

*

*Right-click on your "My Computer" icon and select "Properties".

*Click on the "Advanced" tab, then on the "Environment Variables" button.

*You should be presented with a dialog box with two text boxes. The top box shows your user settings. The PATH entry in this box is the
  one you want to modify. Note that the bottom text box allows you to
  change the system PATH variable. You should not alter the system path
  variable in any manner, or you will cause all sorts of problems for
  you and your computer!

*Click on the PATH entry in the TOP box, then click on the "Edit" button

*Scroll to the end of the string and at the end add
;<installation-directory>\bin

*press OK -> OK -> OK and you are done.

Otherwise, if you use an IDE like Codeblocks, it will do all these dirty details for you. See this for an example of how to change the default Mingw compiler used by Codeblocks. It has an "auto detect" feature which will localize the Mingw compiler, linker etc etc.


, The Amazing Frog is a very fun adventure game with a very funny frog, free of charge and simple, beautiful graphics. You can challenge amazing enemies or explore beautiful city. It offers smooth control which is very easy to learn. In This game you may be the most amazing frog of all kinds, you may also drive vehicles with a frog!brbrHow to play:br-Simply drag the gamepads to control, press buttons to do some fun actionsbrbrFeature Amazing Frog Game: IN THE CITY :br- Very amazing open world citybr- 30 very interesting, froggy missionsbr- 13 different type of driveable vehiclesbr- Various game modesbr- New Content Soon!brbr-Move quicly to complete levels fast.br-Looking for amazing hidden treasures is the key to success.br-Change your strategy if frog fails.brbrThank you for download " Amazing Frog Game ". Go give a try!


Wondershare DVD Ripper Platinum is easy-to-use and powerful DVD Ripping software. The DVD Ripper Platinum software can rip DVD movies to almost all popular video and audio formats even HD video with excellent quality and super fast DVD Ripping speed!
Podcast Wizard is an innovational product that turns creating podcasts into a surprisingly easy and pleasant task. It has never been easier to create, edit and publish podcasts.
Convert images among formats, and resize, rotate, apply effects and add stamp text on your images.


Fingerprints are not compared and also not stored in the database as bitmap images. Fingerprint matching techniques can be placed into two categories: minutiae-based and correlation based. Minutiae points are first found and then mapped to the relative index of the finger in minutiae-based technique.
The most common type of fingerprint patterns is loop and it account almost 65% of the matches and is as shown below.
The most important factor the decision speed mainly depends on few items like the level of security implemented and answers that were delivered in the sense negative answers will affect the speed than the positive answers any more. The speed and the accuracy algorithms are no way dependent on each other. The minutiae found on many fingerprint samples are stored for future comparison studies. Encoding and other compression techniques are also applied on minutiae samples found. In general the typical and traditional formal size of these particular master templates would be around between 24 bytes and one kilobyte. A very huge set of these desired data is stored in the fingerprints captured. Due to the heavy level of data that is present in any single fingerprint the probability of resulting a wrong match is always less and can be reduced to a very small fraction. These fingerprint technologies can also be targeted and more better ways can be implemented to achieve these targets on a very large databases.
Dear Sir/ Madam, I want source code of Fingerprint compression based on Sparse Representation.I am doing project in MATLAB.


How can I expand the width of a simple article text block in Mobirise 4?
I still prefer the way the text was displayed in Mob 3.
You will need to create a new empty block using the editor and copy the below into the HTML and CSS sections and then change the text as needed.
After doing this you will now be able to adjust the width of the text in the text block using the newly added slider for it.
Simply change your text in the block for your own needs.
 Make your own website in a few clicks! Mobirise helps you cut down development time by providing you with a flexible website editor with a drag and drop interface. Mobirise Website Builder creates responsive, retina and mobile friendly websites in a few clicks. Mobirise is one of the easiest website development tools available; today. It also gives you the freedom to develop as many websites as you like given the fact that it is a desktop app.
Nah! it's broke. worked in a previous version in Mob 4 so don't try it.
Worth a try though, I often look at the blocks and can't find a beneficial text block config for the section I am doing. Thanks for your effort Peter.
Simply add the default article text block to your page then replace the original code with the above code in the text block using the code editor.
Last time I done this was last year and I forgot that vital step.
Give it a try to test.
Awesome - this is great.


text:
" INJUSTICE IN YOUR OWN BACKYARD"
PROTECTIVE MOTHERS ALLIANCE SUPPORTS LORRAINE TIPTON
On 10/14/09, Judge David Miron, Marinette County Circuit Court, stated that a disabled mother, Lorraine Tipton (formerly Fetterly) may be jailed for 30 days, on contempt of court charges. This contempt is due to the fact that her 11 year old daughter refuses to visit her abusive father, Craig Hensberger.
In fact, the forty one year old mother is facing another contempt charge. This charge involves the father's intention to claim the child on his 2008 taxes, even though the IRS sanctioned him for claiming his child "EIC" from 1999 to 2007 unlawfully. This contempt charge would force the mother to potentially face another 30 days in county jail.
Mrs. Tipton, never married the father, Craig Hensberger, and left the abusive relationship in 2005. Since then Mrs. Tipton has moved on, married and put her life back together. Regardless, Mr. Hensberger continually has taken her back to court, three times in 12 months, regarding the 11 year old daughter's refusal to visit her abusive father.
You may recognize the name of Craig Hensberger, as the father from the news story highlighted in Fox 11, NBC 26 and other local newspapers. This story entitled "Fishy Tale" broke in March of this year. The father, Craig Hensberger, caught a fish weeks in advance, kept it alive in a fish tank and succeeded in fraudulently presently this fish to three different fishing tournaments in one weekend. The daughter won these tournaments based on her fathers hoax.
For more information on this news story, please click on this link.
http://www.nbc26.com/Global/story.asp?S=10005532
But Craig Hensberger's crimes do not end here. Previously in June 2005 this father was arrested for his second DUI in less than a year with his daughter as a passenger. In another incident the child disclosed sexual abuse about her father in 2006. Once again instead of helping the child, CPS, Aaron Krzewinksi (Guardian Ad Litem) and other court professionals placed her back into the hands of her abusive father.
CPS finally did substantiate the abuse in 2008 but the father found a loophole and was granted an administrative appeal by Oconto County Family Court Commissioner, Frank M. Calvert.
Previously, in 2007, Mr. Calvert recused himself from any proceedings regarding Mrs. Tipton due to his role as Guardian Ad Litem in her divorce/custody dispute with her ex husband.
On May 21, 2008, Mr. Calvert held a hearing, in which Mrs. Tipton was not notified. This ex parte hearing unsubstantiated the sexual abuse and attacked the character and credibility of Mrs. Tipton.
The most interesting fact on this case is that this is a "Paternity" case and the mother had sole legal custody until her former abuser, Craig Hensberger, forged her signature on a court stipulation in 2002.
The stipulation gave him "50/50" custody and forgave back child support that was owed. The Oconto District Attorney, Jay Conley, told Mrs. Tipton that "even though we know who the likely suspect is we have no proof". Because of this the District Attorney refused to investigate and/or file charges.
The refusal of the District Attorney, Jay Conley, to investigate and/or file charges prompted Mrs. Tipton to get her own hand writing analysis. The forensic hand writing analysis expert confirmed that it was not her signature. When she presented this evidence to the District Attorney these findings were minimized and ignored with Mr. Conley stating, "This only proves this is not your signature".
We at Protective Mothers Alliance support Lorraine Tipton as she is a protective mother. Protective Mothers Alliance is a "grassroots" organization founded by Lundy Bancroft and Janice Levinson. We are dedicated to ensuring the rights of children and protective mothers in family court.
For more information about the horrible injustice that is being done to Lorraine Tipton and her daughter you may visit the PMA supports Lorraine Tipton site:
http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#/group.php?gid=186300639921&ref=ts
You can also visit the Lundy Bancroft/ Janice Levinson Protective Mothers Alliance page:
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=58041937814#/group.php?gid=58041937814&v=info
Documentation available upon request.
Feel free to contact with any questions or concerns.
Janice Levinson
Co Founder/Co Director
Protective Mothers Alliance International
PMA....a family of advocates
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No. Generally, most states that recognize a wrongful death cause of action limit the pool of potential plaintiffs. Some states limit this group to the deceased's primary beneficiaries, defined as the surviving spouse and the deceased's children. Other states allow the parents of the deceased individual to bring a wrongful death claim.
In addition to these individuals, some states recognize the rights of any dependent, whether closely related or not, to bring a wrongful death claim provided the person actually depended on the deceased for economic support. In those jurisdictions, it apparently makes little to no sense to allow the second cousin once removed of the deceased, who saw him once every five years at a family reunion, to recover for the loss of the deceased's future earning potential.
Some states require any recovery gained in a wrongful death action to be divided amongst the deceased's heirs at law or to be distributed to the deceased's heirs at law as it would be in any normal probate proceeding. In these situations, distant relatives may receive some "trickle down" of damages, even though they were not financially dependent upon the deceased during his life.
If more than one plaintiff is entitled to recover, all plaintiffs will share in the award. The manner in which the award is divided can be confusing and will depend upon the laws in the particular jurisdiction where the matter is brought.


What I like about Bain Capital is that we have Republicans, we have Democrats, we have independents; we are a diverse firm in terms of political views. But what we do is we sit down and we try to solve the problems.
Do you lend books and DVDs to people? If so, don't you always regret it? All my life I have forced books on to people who have subsequently forgotten all about it. Meanwhile, on my shelves sit many orphaned books loaned to me over the years by trusting, innocent souls - some as long ago as the Seventies.
You don't sit there at twenty-five, unpublished, inexperienced, and respond to Susan Sontag's editorial suggestions like a little snot, rejecting every one of them. But it had a lot to do with the fact that I didn't admire Susan's own fiction.
I sit in an infrared sauna everyday and microwave myself. It's really detoxifying.
I'd love to drive a Lamborghini, but I think it's hard when the pedals are way down in there, and you sit real low, but I've come up with some pedal extensions. I actually sit in a kids' car seat that my old boss put this beautiful leather wrap around, and it looks just like a Corvette seat that sits on top of my leather Corvette seat.


I was given this medicine in 2012 when it was new to the market. My specialist was keen to keep my heart rate within a specified range after 6 bypasses and open heart surgery. Seems to be working. Only when exercising (rehabilitation) does my heart rate go over what it's supposed to be, which means less oxygen gets to my muscles so I fatigue earlier and over heat. So be careful when exercising!
I have hallucinations, especially at night. Images appear, sometimes very strong, sometimes scary. For that reason I am not satisfied with this medication. At the moment I've started taking 1 tablet every other day for I suspect the dosage, one tablet a day, was too high. I am very curious to see if this results in a moderate reaction. Beside the hallucinations I have no other side effects.
Had Xarelto, one tablet (15mg) a day, for over three months now. Just some side effects during the first week, mainly headaches. No side effects since.
Used this drug for 3 months for thrombosis in my arm after an operation. I had no serious side effects only a heavier period.
I was given this drug to prevent thrombosis after it was discovered that I had DVT. I am assuming that this medicine has worked, but I have no idea (but also no side effects).
After a deep vein thrombosis and a few pulmonary embolisms in the first instance went on to acenocoumarol. INR values were still fluctuating and going to the thrombosis clinic every couple of weeks is just not practical when you're 20, so eventually switched to xarelto. Never had any problems with it. Experienced no side effects, taking it is easy and there are no extra checks.
No effect on chest fibrillations. And the side-effects are awful so I am considering switching back to my old medicine.
Massive bilateral pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in both legs. I'm really not tolerating this medicine very well but I'm absolutely not allowed to stop or switch to another medicine.
I've been taking this medicine in advance of a planned ablation in about 3 or 4 weeks. I'm now on my 3rd day of taking this and I am suffering with cold hands and feet, nagging pain in my legs, tinnitus and a heavy feeling in my head. In the past I have been treated for thrombosis and I think this is better and only for a short while, so I'll cope with the unpleasantness for now.
1 tablet once a day. No timetables and no changing quantities (sintrom). No more blood tests, for me sometimes up to 3 times a week.


Watch an introductory video from Fiona Pelham, in which she provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in this module.
You can read a transcript of this video below.
There are a few things you can think about to make sure you are prepared before you start writing your report. Think about the content of the report, the framework of what your report will look like, and how you are going to use it.
A bit more on content: what are you going to put into your report? What do you think your stakeholders are expecting you to report on? What successes and challenges have you faced in the year that you could include? What content should you put in?
Format: What is your idea for what your report should look like? Is it going to be small? Is it going to be long? Are you going to be using it to communicate your message outwardly? In which case you may need more brand requirements. Is it going to be something that exists on the website or on printed material?
And now usage, we have touched upon this slightly but are you going to be using your report just internally, or are you going to be using it externally with your stakeholders and interested parties? It could be that you use your report as a brand building exercise; this could influence the content and the format of your report.
Once you have considered content, format, and usage, the next thing to think about is starting to write the report. How do you do that? There are recognised reporting frameworks, for example GRI EOSS. This reporting framework asks you to provide data, information, and also a background to your way of working. For example, if you work according to BS 8901 or ISO 20121 you can explain this within your report and then share certain data points which are GRI indicators.
It is a good idea to use an international reporting framework because then the people that read your reports will be able to understand it, and will be reading reports around the world that have similar content so will be able to compare the two reports.
If you don't have the time, budget, or management buy-in to start reporting at a detailed level like GRI reporting don't worry, you can start just by creating a case study.
What should be in your case study? Your case study could have background on your company, how big is it? Where is it located? Provide any information that will allow the report reader to understand the content. Your case study report could have information on your way of working, such as do you work according to any management systems such as ISO 20121?
Your case study could have some data points, it is important to remember not to just include data, for example weight and waste, but to also explain the story behind the weight of the waste.
Any report that you produce will be a good start to communicating your sustainability journey, but it is important to remember that the report should be balanced. What does balanced reporting mean? It means reporting your successes at the same time as your challenges. Making sure you share areas which you may not be completely proud of, but which you can communicate honestly and openly about. Share what your learnings have been, and share how you will approach things differently in the future.
Reporting is about transparent, honest, and open communication. Whether it is using a GRI framework or a basic case study, reporting is a great way for you to tell your story, and for others to be able to learn more about you, and your ways of working.


text:
Q: AngularJS and Ionic click to repeat a failed http request I'm making an app using AngularJS and Ionic.
When my app sends a request to the server using $http and fails, I want a view to load to show the user a button which, when clicked, repeats the $http request that was just attempted.
Currently if the request fails, it will load an error view, but I want that error view to have a button which performs a repeated task when clicked. This will be the same error controller for all server errors, so needs to be adaptable and have a way to pass in or repeat all functions easily in one place.
   function getData(){
        $http({
          url: remoteUrl+'/dat/get_data_app',
          method: 'POST',
          data: {}
        }).then(function(response) {

        }, function(response) {
          //the getData is trying to pass in the current function so it can be repeated in the error controller
          $localstorage.setObject('httpObj', getData());
          $state.go('app.error');

        });
    }

Below is the error controller currently:
  .controller('ErrorCtrl', function($scope, $localstorage, $recipes) {
      var httpObj = $localstorage.getObject('httpObj');
      //this needs to run as a funtion (only when button is clicked but I can sort that out, just need a way of passing the function here)
      httpObj;

    })

The error controller runs when the user lands on the error page. In order to make the controller short and not need much changing later, I want the function passed here to run on click of a button which I'll place here.
Adding the button isn't the problem, but I just want to know if there's an easy way to pass the function.
This whole way of doing it may be wrong but any thoughts will be appreciated :)
Thanks