text:
Q: How to set the selected item on a listbox after binding using MVVM Light? I'm using MVVM Light on an Windows Phone app.  I would like to set the selected item on a listbox after it is databound.
I thought the best way to do this is to setup an eventToCommand on the listbox for the Loaded event and pass the element to set the selected index, but I'm not sure how I can pass the listbox element to the RelayCommand.

A: Think about this from the perspective of your viewmodel not in terms of the controls in your view...
Bind the SelectedItem property of the listbox to a new MySelectedItem property on your viewmodel and then you can do it all in the viewmodel without any commands.
For instance you might iterate through the collection of items in your viewmodel that are bound to the ItemsSource of you listbox and then assign one of them to your new MySelectedItem property, and automagically it will show up as selected in the UI.
As an an alternative you can also bind the IsSelected property of EVERY ListBoxItem to a new MyIsSelected property on each object in the collection.  Same end result... use whichever approach suits you situation and/or taste...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Los Angeles - Lena Dunham won't get married until gay marriage is legalised across the US.
The Girls star is very happy in her relationship with Fun musician Jack Antonoff and she sometimes thinks about tying the knot but she's adamant she will not walk down the aisle until her lesbian sister Grace has the same legal right to wed as she does anywhere in America.
In an interview with the new issue of Grazia magazine, Lena said: "It's really important for us to wait, because we both have a lot of gay friends and the idea of skipping ahead of them doesn't feel good to us.
"I don't want to do something my gay sister, Grace, can't do in a number of states."
Lena and Jack sparked speculation they had got engaged after posting a photo of her wearing a ring on her wedding finger, and she admits her and Jack's pals were disappointed when she told them she wasn't a bride-to-be.
She said: ''It's a friendship ring, one of a stack of three that Jenni Konner [co-writer] and I have collected over the last four years.
"Jack's friends were texting, 'Congratulations on the big news.' Finally I had to say something because soon people were going to start getting offended that they weren't invited to our non-existent wedding."
Although marriage is occasionally on her mind, Lena, 28, insists having a wedding isn't high on her list of priorities.
She said: "There are lots of things I'm obsessed with, but marriage isn't my be-all and end-all."


Several Marquette University graduate programs moved up in U.S. News and World Report's 2019 Best Graduate School Rankings, released last week.
The College of Education made a marked move up on the list, landing at No. 75 — it was ranked 101 last year. This continues an upward trend for the college, which has moved 40 places over the past two years.
In the Graduate School of Management, the part-time MBA program moved up to No. 70, up from 92 last year. The school also continues to have a number of specialty graduate programs ranked in the Top 20: the Executive MBA program was ranked No. 13, up from last year's No. 19 ranking, and the graduate program in accounting is ranked No. 19.
The Law School moved up slightly to 95 from last year's 100. It, too, has specialty programs in the Top 20: the program in legal writing is ranked No. 11 and the dispute resolution program is No. 6.
The Opus College of Engineering landed graduate specialty programs in the Top 100: biomedical engineering at 59 (up from 63) and environmental engineering at 69 (up from 70). The college was ranked for its graduate programs overall at No. 127, up from last year's 133.
The College of Nursing's graduate program moved down to No. 82 from last year's 63, and the doctor of nursing practice program went from 62 to 66. This is only the third year U.S. News has ranked DNP programs.
Not all graduate programs are ranked every year by U.S. News. Some — particularly those in the health sciences and science and humanities disciplines — are ranked approximately every three years.
Methodology information by program is available online.


Is there a hotel option for exhibitors who will need to travel?
The conference committee has reserved a block of rooms at a hotel near the Irving Convention Center. Rooms will be available for conference attendees and exhibitors at the Omni Mandalay Hotel in Las Colinas.
What is the set-up time for exhibitors?
The exhibit hall is open for set-up between the hours of 12:00 P.M. and 4:00 P.M. on Tuesday, May 28, 2019 and on Friday morning between the hours of 6:00 and 7:00 a.m. Please confirm your set-up time by email to .
**Please note the VIP Reception will begin in the Exhibit Hall on Tuesday, May 28, 2019 at 5 P.M. sharp. This is a fantastic opportunity to mingle with conference sponsors and other special guests.
When does registration begin for the day of the conference?
Registration for attendees opens at 6:45 A.M. and the first Keynote is at 8:00 A.M.
Where is the Exhibitor Hall and check-in?
The Philanthropy in Action Conference will occupy the 3rd and 4th floors of the Irving Convention Center. Attendee check-in will be on the third floor, and Exhibitor/Sponsor check-in will be in the 4th Floor Exhibit Hall. You will receive your name badges and a conference schedule.
What time should exhibitors arrive on Friday?
All exhibitor booths must be manned and operational by 7:45 A.M. on Friday morning. Attendees to the conference will begin arriving at 6:45 A.M., so arriving a little earlier would be suggested so you are ready to talk to attendees. We strongly suggest completing set-up on Thursday afternoon. Coffee and light breakfast foods will be available Friday morning.
What is the size and type of table and drape provided in each exhibitor booth?
Tables in each exhibitor's location are 6' x 30" with a white tablecloth and black skirt. Displays cannot exceed the width of the booth. The footprint of the space cannot be exceeded into additional space.
Are there guidelines for appropriate booth display?
Make your booth stand out. An eye-catching booth attracts more traffic.
Have a way to collect names. The Conference does not supply attendee contact lists.
Giveaways always attract more traffic.
Do not block the aisles or neighboring exhibitors.
No signage is allowed on convention walls.
No flashing lights, helium balloons, glass containers, food distribution, glitter or confetti are allowed. Also, it is the responsibility of each exhibitor to read the Irving Convention Center's Exhibitor Guide.
Yes, the Irving Convention Center will provide free WIFI to exhibitors. If you need a hard-wired Internet connection, please contact the in-house A/V company JSAV at 972-401-7748 to order in advance. On-site requests may not be fulfilled and will incur a 20% premium.
Will the booth be equipped with electricity?
Some booths have easy access to basic outlets. You will see this clearly marked on map of the exhibit hall. If you need higher levels or additional power sources, please contact the in-house A/V company JSAV at 972-401-7748 to order in advance. On-site requests may not be fulfilled and will incur a 20% premium.
May items be shipped to the Convention Center prior to the event?
Packages may be shipped up to 3 days in advance with advance arrangements and payment of fees. Please contact Terrye Houser, Account Manager, Irving Convention Center at 972-401-7778 office OR 972-271-7888 fax OR . Incomplete requests may not be fulfilled and will incur a 20% or greater premium.
Are there special instructions for loading and unloading?
Move in and move out is through the loading docks only. They are located at the back of the Convention Center. Any booth supplies or freight should be transported to the third floor via freight elevators only. *Please Note: use of the loading docks should be scheduled in advance with the onsite provider JSAV. Contact: 972-401-7748 to order in advance. On-site requests may not be fulfilled and will incur a 20% premium. *Exhibitors are responsible for arranging use of any supplies such as hand-trucks or moving dollies.
Is Food and Beverage allowed at the Exhibit Tables?
Exhibitors are welcome to keep a personal water bottle or coffee at a booth. However, Irving Conference Center does not permit any food or beverage items to be distributed to conference attendees, for examples- branded candy bars or water bottles. Violating this guideline will incur a penalty fee and a request to immediately remove items.
Are there special events built into the schedule to drive attendees to the Exhibitor Hall?
The VIP Reception takes place in the Exhibit Hall at 5 P.M. on Tuesday, May 28th.
Coffee and pastries are served in the Exhibit Hall to make this location the first stop for attendees Friday morning.
Afternoon drinks and snacks will also be available for attendees in the Exhibit Hall.
Attendees will be circulating through the exhibitor space before and after the keynote presentation and lunch hour. The Keynote Address and Lunch take place in the ballroom adjacent to the Exhibit Hall.
In addition, there will be breaks scheduled throughout the day so attendees can visit the Exhibit Hall.
Each attendee is offered the opportunity to win an amazing prize, which requires the signature of an exhibitor representative. Please make sure your booth is covered at all times so you can mark their "Exhibit Hall Pass."
Will exhibitors be published on your conference website?
Yes, confirmed exhibitors and sponsors are posted on the Conference website with links back to their website.
Should an exhibitor provide a door prize?
This is entirely up to you. Everyone knows the giveaways and door prizes attract attendees to your booth and this is a very easy way to collect business cards and contact information. During the last break of the conference, the Conference Committee will announce the winner of the drawing hosted by the conference, at this time you can draw from your container and we will announce the winners of your prize. Door prizes can be items from your company, a gift card to a restaurant or event, or a MasterCard/Visa/ Amex gift card.
What is an Exhibitor Hall Pass?
All attendees will receive an exhibitor hall pass. To qualify for the grand prize drawing, the attendee must have different booths initial the pass. A winner will be drawn from the completed passes that have been placed in the drawing bin at the information table in the exhibitor hall during the day. This is a great incentive for attendees to visit your booth and gives you the opportunity to sell your product or service. Again, please make sure there is someone at your booth at all times during the conference.
What is the purpose of the business category on our commitment form?
In addition to listing exhibitors by name on the conference program, we will also list companies by category. Each exhibitor can choose up to two categories. This will be a valuable way to quickly reach those attendees who are looking for your products or services.
Is lunch included with the exhibitor's fee? How many lunch tickets are included?
Yes, exhibitors are invited to join us for lunch: two tickets are included with each registration. Sponsors are allotted up to six tickets depending upon the sponsor level. Association Partners receive one lunch ticket.
What time should exhibitors break down their booths?
The conference ends at 3:15 P.M. We are doing the drawings during the last break at 2:00 P.M. Please do not break down your exhibit until 2:30 P.M. when there is no traffic in the exhibit hall.
How can I gain increased visibility and be a part of an interactive discussion about the conference?
How do I upgrade to a sponsorship?
Sponsorship opportunities begin at $1,500 and all include an exhibitor booth plus much more. Feel free to contact Laura Muniz at .
How can I promote the Conference?
Like our page on Facebook, and Like and Share posts.
Follow us on Twitter, and re-tweet posts.
If you highlight the conference in an email blast, please send a copy to and .


in some shore towns. Operations were suspended at all copper mines as well as all Airports and Airfields, specially in earthquake sencitive areas. Late Wednesday, authorities lifted the tsunami warning for Chile's far southern regions. The warnings remained in effect everywhere else.
VERIFY AND CHECK...is the priority of the Civil Aeronautical Authority Inspectors and Dr. Laura Mechellvini chief of the "Tremor" Division will lead the flights to many far away fields that have reported situations arising from the earthquake...YOU will be her pilot and she expects the best of the best. Maybe after the flights you can take her out for a good barbeque dinner.
* EIGHT ROUTES WITH over 25 FLIGHTS FOR WEEKS OF FLYING!!!


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Is Marvel's Loki the Disney Fairy Tale Fans Didn't Want?
What Really Lies on the Other Side of the Void?
Dayna Eileen | July 13, 2021
This has been the year of the Marvel series taking over Disney+. I am an avid fan of the MCU, so of course I jumped on board with WandaVision, then Falcon and the Winter Soldier, and now, Loki. This is the one that has hooked me from the minute the first episode began, but unfortunately now, it has lost a little of the spark that made it so unique.
We go into episode six—the season finale—tomorrow, and though I'm very excited to see who or what is beyond Alioth, I worry that the show has breathed in one too many Disney fumes, which could lead to a fairy-tale ending that, as a fan, I am not looking for.
Loki is the God of Mischief, and though we have seen moments of humanity throughout his appearances in the MCU, ultimately he always reverts to serving himself first and foremost. While we follow Loki on his journey through the TVA, we see glimpses of pain, loneliness and regret, making viewers fall in love with Loki all over again. I was one of the ones smitten with his new character development, only to be completely put off by episode five.
"…a Loki only loves themselves, so the relationship is justified in a twisted sort of way…"
The first real dialogue we see from Loki in this episode is his plea to the other Loki's to stop, explain what is going on, and come up with a plan—because Loki always has a plan. The speech felt forced and unnatural, setting the tone for the episode that was to come. His next big speech was equally forced, and led the scene into a Loki Royal Rumble which was filled with enough slapstick, campy comedy for an entire season of Looney Tunes.
Episode five undid everything they had built and opted to appeal to people who enjoy a Disney comedy rather than a serious, moving storyline. The love story between Loki and Sylvie is rushed to say the least. Of course, a Loki only loves themselves, so the relationship is justified in a twisted sort of way, but in a six episode arc, there wasn't enough time to really care about this bond. It was all a little too perfect, allowing them to finish the episode with a fairy-tale ending, complete with walking hand in hand off into the horizon.
Now, before the hardcore Marvel fans come for me, this isn't to say the series is spoiled. I'm still hooked on the story and I'm dying to find out what is on the other side of the void. Loki has managed to fill me with so many questions that I hope we get answers to. What is Renslayer's real motive? Why are there only Loki variants here (save one Mobius, one Frog Thor, and some unseen cannibals)? Is the Alligator really a Loki?
So what does this mean for the finale? Honestly, I have no idea. Not even a guess. I've done my best to stay away from fan theories and spoilers from past comics. But I do know that I am hesitant to get my hopes up. I want Loki to finish with a bang—to meet his glorious purpose—and keep us clamouring for more with season two already announced, but I fear another walk into the sunset coming our way.
All I really know is that when Hunter B-15 told Renslayer "You only want it, she NEEDS it," I believed her, and I want to know why. I hope they make it worth the wait, and don't just finish on a classic Disney happy ending—that just isn't Loki's story.
File Under: Disney+, Loki, Marvel

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
LAKE ARROWHEAD, Calif., June 22, 2017 --
Rock Ridge Resources, Inc. (Pink Sheets: RRRI) purchased a Union 76 gas station and convenience store located at 27243 Hwy 189 in Blue Jay, Calif. The historic two-island station comprises one of three spinning Union 76 balls in the Nation; and, "The cheapest gas prices on the hill!" States a satisfied local within the community.
"This has been a fun endeavor," says Derek Wilksen, Vice President of Serenity Lodge, Inc. (a Subsidiary of Rock Ridge Resources, Inc.) "Having spruced up the station a bit and reduced the price per gallon to a more reasonable rate—We have already doubled our output since opening and the locals seem to love the friendly home-town flair of the station."
About Serenity Lodge, Inc. and Rock Ridge Resources, Inc.
Rock Ridge Resources, Inc. is a professionally managed firm that is currently engaged in the development of organizations deriving energy from natural resources; as well as, the funding, management and development of various real estate holdings and evolution of substance abuse recovery services through its subsidiary Serenity Lodge. In support of this endeavor, Serenity Lodge, Inc. holds a California State Alcohol and Drug Rehabilitation License, and provides treatment to men, 18-years and older, in a luxury mountain setting in Lake Arrowhead, California.
For more information on Rock Ridge Resources Inc. and Serenity Lodge, Inc., please visit our websites at: www.RockRidgeResourcesinc.com and www.slrecovery.com.
About Phillips 66
Phillips 66 is a diversified energy manufacturing and logistics company. With a portfolio of Midstream, Chemicals, Refining, and Marketing and Specialties businesses, the company processes, transports, stores and markets fuels and products globally. Phillips 66 Partners, the company's master limited partnership, is an integral asset in the portfolio. Headquartered in Houston, the company has 14,600 employees committed to safety and operating excellence. Phillips 66 had $52 billion of assets as of June 30, 2017. For more information, visit www.phillips66.com or follow us on Twitter @Phillips66Co.


Hawaii housing costs are among the highest in the nation. All the measures listed in the chart below were already bad in 2009 and got worse since then.
Property and drug-related crime still worse than national average.
More than half of all homeless individuals have lived in Hawaii 10 years or more; up until three years ago a majority of the homeless were lifetime residents of the Islands.
About 28 percent of homeless individuals are Hawaiian or part-Hawaiian.
About 28 percent of the homeless are employed.
27 percent have some college education.
Families with children increased from 23 percent of the people in shelters in 2005 to 39 percent in 2012.
More people today have been homeless for a year or more than in 2006.
Housing: Based on Department of Housing and Urban Development fair market rents at the 40th percentile – the dollar amount below which 40 percent of standard-quality rental units are rented.
Food: Based on the "low-cost plan" outlined by the Department of Agriculture to achieve a nutritionally adequate diet. Assumes all food is bought at grocery stores and prepared at home.
Transportation: Based on the costs of owning and operating a car. Average miles driven determined geographically by National Household Travel Survey.
Childcare: For those budgets based on a single child, the cost is for a 4-year-old. For those budgets based on two children, one is a 4-year-old and the other is a school-age child. The costs are based on the Child Care Aware of America annual report on the costs of childcare by state.
Healthcare: Insurance premiums and out-of-pocket expenses by geographic area.
Other necessities: Costs of clothing, personal care, household supplies, school supplies and other items of necessity from Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure Survey.
Taxes: Use National Bureau of Economic Research's Internet TAXSIM to gather information on federal personal income taxes, state income taxes and federal Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes.
Many factors divide Hawaii's people while some bring us together. These loops show how negative factors reinforce each other, making it harder to break out to better solutions.


text:
Q: Intel SGX Running Executable on Remote Machine I have been porting some code to SGX, in Linux, which I would like to run on a remote server in the end.
I observed that if I build the program and then use the same executable to run the program inside SGX on a different machine, different from the one on which the program was built using SGX SDK, the code still runs without any issues.

Now, if I look into the MRENCLAVE value during the build, I observe that the value is different if I build the same code on different machines. If I ship an executable build on machine A to machine B and do not build it again on machine B, then the MRENCLAVE value is the one which I got from building it on machine A. The question is that this value is different if I build the code on machine B itself. Does this not cause any issues if I want to do attestation of the code on machine B but do not want to rebuild project on machine B and instead use the build from machine A?

A: As far as I know is the MRENCLAVE measurement dependent on the used tool chain (cf. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bc12/7b2228219f2b36b66bebe71a844e510e8efe.pdf, Sections 5.6.3 and 5.6.4) since it is indirectly a hash over the assembly instructions and created by explicit assembly instructions during enclave creation (EEXTEND). Thus, I would expect that you, at least, use different compiler versions on the mentioned machines?


text:
package com.github.kadi79.gaertner.puml.model.classdiagram.scanner;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import com.github.kadi79.gaertner.puml.model.classdiagram.elements.Class;
import com.github.kadi79.gaertner.puml.model.classdiagram.elements.RelationType;

/**
 *
SupertypeScanner class.

 *
 * @since 0.0.1
 */
public class SupertypeScanner extends RelationScanner {
	/**
	 *
Constructor for SupertypeScanner.

	 */
	public SupertypeScanner() {
		super(RelationType.EXTENSION, true);
	}

	/** {@inheritDoc} */
	@Override
	protected List<String> extractRelationTargetKeys(Class clazz) {
		return Arrays.asList(clazz.getExtendsType());
	}
}


text:
Special Selection
Hawke's Bay Wine releases its first ever single vintage Chardonnay collection.
Accolades, General News, Media Releases, Special Selection
This December, Hawke's Bay Wine released its first ever single vintage Chardonnay collection. A carefully selected set of twelve 2019 Chardonnays from around the region whose character has seen them adjudged the best of their variety in what many report to be a vintage to remember. . . for all the right reasons. Hawke's...
Riflmans selected for the Hawke's Bay Chardonnay Collection
Accolades, Special Selection
Sacred Hill are honoured to have the 2019 Riflemans Chardonnay selected for the 2020 Hawke's Bay Chardonnay Collection. 12 Chardonnays were selected in a blind tasting by New Zealand's only Master Sommelier, Cameron Douglas MS, to showcase the many expressions and high quality examples of Chardonnay from across Hawke's Bay. Hawke's Bay Winegrowers...
Sacred Hill Riflemans in Decanter's Top 75
Accolades, General News, Special Selection
Sacred Hill are thrilled to be featured in Europe's leading wine magazine - Decanter, as one of their picks for 2017's most exciting wines. Our 2015 Sacred Hill Riflemans Chardonnay cemented it's place among the top wines worldwide in this annual feature....
The Riflemans Legacy Continues
The true test of an iconic wine is its cellaring potential. The capacity to develop grace and complexity over time. That's why Sacred Hill is very proud to receive the prestigious Outstanding Wine of Provenance trophy at the 2017 Hawke's Bay A&P Wine Awards for their 2005, 2010 and 2015 Riflemans Chardonnay. The award...
A Rosé Tinted Summer
Accolades, Orange Label, Wine Releases
With fresh fruity flavours and award-winning status, Sacred Hill's new Rosé is a wine that truly captures the essence of summer and will help make lovely warm evenings all the brighter as longer days set in. With aromas of crushed strawberries along with hints of sweet cinnamon and cardamom, its fresh and vibrant flavours...
Sacred Hill Brings Home Gold at New World Wine Awards
Accolades, Reserve
Sacred Hill is thrilled to announce its 2016 Reserve Hawke's Bay Chardonnay has secured a GOLD MEDAL at this year's New World Wine Awards – a hotly contested competition for affordable wines that retail under $25. A full-bodied wine with aromas of hazel and cashew nuts, lemon meringue and vanilla – this complex number...
Top Result at Decanter Asia Wine Awards
Accolades, Orange Label
The team at Sacred Hill is thrilled to announce that their 2017 Orange Label Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc took home a gold medal in the Decanter Asia Wine Awards (DAWA) – Asia's leading wine competition. A number of world class Sauvignon Blanc wines were entered, so a Gold within this category is a stellar achievement....
Sacred Hill Sauvignon Blanc Wins Double Gold in San Fran
Sacred Hill are thrilled to be awarded a Double Gold Medal at the recent 2017 San Francisco International Wine Competition. The lively, zesty and crisp 2016 Sacred Hill Orange Label Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc picked up the honour at this prestigious show, which is the longest running international wine competition in the world and the largest and most...
Sacred Hill tops NZ top chardonnay tasting
Sacred Hill are thrilled to be included in Bob Campbell MW's recent "Campbell at Caro's" tasting featuring his top ten Chardonnays tasted in 2016. This list featured most of the heavyweights of New Zealand Chardonnay, including Sacred Hill's flagship Riflemans Chardonnay. The Sacred Hill 2014 Rifleman's Chardonnay came out on top with Neudorf 2015...
Sacred Hill Special Selection vintage continues on stellar course
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The team at Sacred Hill are humbled after an exciting run of accolades for four of their Special Selection wines, most notably, a double gold in the 6 Nations Wine Challenge and two medals at the Hawke's Bay Wine Awards. A delighted Sacred Hill Managing Director David Mason says the recent tributes are a...
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If you missed it this year (it was April 26 & 27) make sure to keep the end of April next year free. Just off of the 5 Freeway over on Main St The Brewery Artwalk was definitely something else! Functional art, photography, paintings, videos, sculpture, fashion & costumes, installation art, and a LOT more were up for viewing. For free no less!
There were a lot of pieces bursting with creativity, but one of my favorite artists by far was Kevin Flint. He has a wonderful piece with an omnipotent hand flicking people into a pile. On his website I found this functional coffee thermus on the right in the style of a Dalek (for all those Whovians I know are out there).
Every space is rented out to artists throughout the year. This artwalk gives them a chance to show locals what they are made of. Many even live in their spaces! Our very own Sculpture by Bruce Gray was also present. He was showing off some of his many pieces in one of the rooms.
The only thing they are brewing over there is creativity, but it all goes down smooth.


text:
\section*{Introduction}

Machine learning (ML) has demonstrated the state-of-the-art performance in a variety of applications, such as computer vision~\cite{LeCunEtAl2015N,GoodfellowEtAl2016}, medicine~\cite{TopolEtAl2019NM}, finance~\cite{DixonEtAl2020}, autonomous engineering design~\cite{MirhoseiniEtAl2021N}, and scientific computing~\cite{ButlerEtAl2018N,SeniorEtAl2020N}, but performing ML tasks on hardware systems requires substantial energy and computational resources. The fundamental quantum mechanics limit leads to a bottleneck of reducing the energy consumption and simultaneously increasing the integration density of electronic circuits to catch up with the increasing scale of modern large-scale ML models~\cite{TheisEtAl2017CSE,LeisersonEtAl2020S}. Optical architectures are emerging as promising high-throughput and energy-efficient ML hardware accelerators by leveraging the parallelism and low static energy consumption of a fundamentally different particle, photon, for computing~\cite{WetzsteinEtAl2020N,MenguEtAl2022AOP}.

Among optical systems, free-space diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) that are able to host millions of computing neurons and form deep neural network architectures can optically perform ML tasks through the spatial light modulation and optical diffraction of coherent light in multiple diffractive layers~\cite{LinEtAl2018S,LiEtAl2019AP,LuoEtAl2019LSA,MenguEtAl2019IJSTQE,MenguEtAl2020P,LiEtAl2021SR,LeonardEtAl2021P,FuEtAl2021OE,RahmanEtAl2021LSA,ChenEtAl2021E,GoiEtAl2021LSA,ZhouEtAl2021NP,LeonardEtAl2022OE,ZengEtAl2022OE,LiEtAl2022OE,LuoEtAl2022LSA,WuEtAl2022OE,LouEtAl2023OL,ChenEtAl2022LPR}.  Prior demonstrations have shown the capability of DONNs systems to recognize input images directly in optical domain. Hence, employing DONNs instead of conventional imaging optical components in machine vision systems can reduce backend electronic processing burden. However, the demonstrated applications of DONNs systems are largely straightforward image classification tasks, which undermines the prospect of developing and utilizing such hardware for other ML applications.

Here, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate the deployment of an all-optical reconfigurable DONNs system for high-throughput and energy-efficient scientific computing, including guiding two-dimensional (2D) quantum material synthesis, predicting the properties of 2D quantum materials and cancer drugs, predicting the device response of nanopatterned integrated photonic power splitters, and the dynamic stabilization of an inverted pendulum with reinforcement learning (RL). Despite a large variety of input data structures in these diverse applications, we develop a universal feature engineering approach to convert categorical input features to binary images that can be processed in the DONNs system. In contrast to other DONNs systems, the trained models can be directly deployed to electrically controlled diffractive layers in our DONNs system so that the system can be on-demand reconfigured for different ML tasks instantaneously. Our results open up new opportunities of employing DONNs systems for a broad range of ML applications.

\section*{Results}

Figure\,1 and Fig.\,S1 show the schematic and photo of the all-optical reconfigurable DONNs experimental setup that is recently demonstrated by us in Ref.\,\cite{ChenEtAl2022LPR}. The system consists of four cascaded liquid-crystal spatial light modulators (SLMs) with the first SLM encodes input images and the other three SLMs form reconfigurable diffractive layers. Multiple polarizers and half-waveplates are employed to configure the operation modes of SLMs. Specifically, the input image SLM mainly operates in intensity modulation mode and images are formed in the binary light intensity transmittance under coherent visible laser illumination. The SLMs for diffractive layers mainly operate in phase modulation mode and the grey levels of each diffractive pixel in all diffractive layers are optimized so that coherent input images can be converged to one of predefined regions on a detector array. Each detector region can represent a variety of categorical output features in different application scenarios. More details on the experimental setup can be found in \emph{Materials and Methods}.

Our system has several unique advantages. Through the system-specific diffraction modeling, device-specific physics-aware training, and precise optical alignment, the \emph{in silico} trained models can be directly and accurately deployed to the hardware system. Furthermore, all input images and diffractive layers represented by SLMs can be \emph{in-situ} adjusted through external electrical control signals, so that the whole system can be tailored to different ML tasks instantaneously without rebuilding or modifying any physical components.

\subsection*{2D quantum material synthesis}

Although 2D quantum materials have been under extensive research because of their unique properties~\cite{WangEtAl2012NN,NovoselovEtAl2016S,SchaibleyEtAl2016NRM,GibertiniEtAl2019NN} and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has become a scalable and controllable synthesis approach~\cite{ShiEtAl2015CSR}, exploring the overwhelming parameter space in CVD process to find optimal synthesis conditions leads to numerous empirical, highly uncertain, time-consuming, and expensive experimental trials. Recently, ML models have shown great potential to substantially accelerate the exploration~\cite{LiuEtAl2017JM,ButlerEtAl2018N,Correa-BaenaEtAl2018J,WeiEtAl2019I} and we employ the DONNs system to predict whether monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_2$), one type of 2D quantum materials, can be synthesized given certain process parameters.

Figure\,2A displays the schematic of the CVD synthesis of monolayer MoS$_2$ with multiple synthesis process parameters, such as feed gas flow and heating temperature profile. We utilize the experimental dataset reported in Ref.\,\cite{TangEtAl2020MT}. There are seven synthesis process parameters, which include both discrete numerical and boolean values. For example, the ramp time has 13 discrete values and whether sodium chloride salt is added is presented as True or False. To represent these categorical process parameters as the input images for the DONNs system, we develop a one-hot feature engineering approach. The values of each parameter is expressed as a vector with only one element showing one and the rest showing zero, and the vectors for all parameters are concatenated as a 2D matrix. The obtained matrix is further reshaped and resized to a 100$\times$100 image. A threshold-based binarization is applied on resized images for the DONNs system processing. The pixels with the value one in obtained images correspond to the largest transmittance in the input SLM and those with the value zero correspond to the smallest transmittance. The threshold is adjusted for different applications to have enough light transmission and detector signal-to-noise ratio. The obtained images are processed by the DONNs system and two regions on the camera represent two categorical output values, which are ``can grow (Yes)'' and ``cannot grow (No)''.

The input images produced from the training dataset through our developed feature engineering approach are used to train the SLM diffractive layers in the DONNs system. Figure\,2B shows the simulation camera output image, intensity distribution in two camera regions, and confusion matrix using the images from the test dataset. More details on the one-hot input feature image processing for training and test datasets can be found in \emph{Materials and Methods}. The simulation results confirm the feasibility of employing the DONNs system to guide MoS$_2$ synthesis and the obtained accuracy 82\,\% is comparable to the accuracies obtained using standard ML models, such as multilayer perceptron (MLP) and XGBoost decision tree~\cite{TangEtAl2020MT}. Figure\,2C shows the corresponding experimental results, which further validate and agree well with simulation results. More data of simulation and experimental results can be found in Fig.\,S2.

\subsection*{Material and molecule properties}

The first-principle calculations to solve Schr\"{o}dinger equations, such as density-functional theory (DFT), provide a powerful tool for obtaining accurate structure-property relationship of materials. However, such calculations are time-consuming and computationally intensive, and thus searching for suitable materials for certain applications in an astronomical chemical space is extremely challenging. Smart navigation by leveraging ML models~\cite{SchlederEtAl2019JPM,HimanenEtAl2019AS} and established databases, such as for 2D quantum materials~\cite{HaastrupEtAl2018M,ChoudharyEtAl2020CM}, can accelerate the exploration process. Specifically, we employ the DONNs system to predict the properties of 2D quantum materials in the Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB) library~\cite{HaastrupEtAl2018M}. One input branch shown in Fig.\,3A depicts the workflow. The input features are limited to atomic structure information, such as constitute atoms, and any features calculated from DFT are explicitly excluded. These input features are converted to the input images for the DONNs system through the one-hot feature engineering approach as described before.

Figure\,3B summarizes the simulation and experimental output images and corresponding intensity distributions of utilizing the DONNs system to predict whether 2D quantum materials are stable or not, are direct bandgap materials or not, and magnetic or not, when atomic structures are given. The numbers of materials with distinct properties are balanced in both training and test datasets. These output labels are created following Ref.\,\cite{SorkunEtAl2020CM}. Three different DONNs models are trained for predicting three properties. More details about the setup of training and test input images and output labels can be found in \emph{Materials and Methods}. The obtained accuracies from simulations for three properties are 86\,\%, 73\,\%, and 78\,\%, respectively. These values are comparable to those obtained using standard MLP models as reported in Ref.\,\cite{SorkunEtAl2020CM}. The experimental results in Fig.\,3B further validate the simulation results, although with slightly lower accuracies. More simulation and experimental data, as well as confusion matrices can be found in Figs.\,S3 and S4.

Furthermore, one of the most striking findings of cancer biology is the extreme genetic heterogeneity among cancer patients. The heterogeneity of tumor genomes poses a fundamental challenge for choosing the cancer drugs in the clinic. Recently, ML has been promising in predicting the clinical response of cancer drugs only based on the patients' genome mutation~\cite{KuenziEtAl2020CC,HuangEtAl2021GB,ZhuEtAl2021NB}. We employ the DONNs system for the prediction of such biological datasets. Specifically, we focus on three experimental datasets of small molecular drugs, including PD0325901, Refametinib, and Selumetinib~\cite{IorioEtAl2016C}. They are all MEK inhibitors that target at different cancer types and have different side effects. Instead of directly converting the input features of genome mutation into the input images for the DONNs system, a feature reduction technique is first utilized as shown in Fig.\,3A. More details can be found in \emph{Materials and Methods}.

Figure\,3C summarizes the simulation and experimental results of utilizing the DONNs system to predict whether the PD0325901 cancer inhibitor are effective or not for different tumor cell lines. The simulation and experimental results for the other two drugs, Refametinib and Selumetinib, are presented in Figs\,S5 and S6. In addition, confusion matrices for all three drugs are shown in Fig\,S7. The training and test datasets are balanced. More details on the model setup can be found in \emph{Materials and Methods}. The results clearly show the feasibility of employing the DONNs system to predict cancer drug effectiveness, and simulation and experimental results match well.

We would like to highlight that all trained DONNs models can be instantaneously loaded into the DONNs system because of the system reconfigurability without the need of modifying any physical components and adaptive tuning~\cite{ZhouEtAl2021NP}. Although the used liquid-crystal SLM for encoding input images in our DONNs system only have the refresh rate 60\,Hz and the used CMOS camera has the frame rate $<$40\,frames per second, the system throughput can be substantially improved with device innovation. For example, an electro-optic SLM based on organic molecules can achieve $>$GHz switching speed~\cite{Benea-ChelmusEtAl2022NC} and an ultrafast camera can achieve a trillion frames per second~\cite{KimEtAl2020SA}. With these devices, the DONNs system can potentially predict the properties of $>$10$^9$ materials and molecules per second for high-throughput screening.

\subsection*{Photonic device}

Similar to the time-consuming DFT calculations, the fullwave electromagnetic calculations to solve Maxwell's equations to explore structure-property relationship of photonic devices are also time-consuming and computationally intensive. The use of ML models is also beneficial to accelerate the exploration~\cite{YaoEtAl2019N,JiangEtAl2021NRM,MaEtAl2020NP,KudyshevEtAl2020P}. We demonstrate that the DONNs system can also be used to predict device response given its topology. Figure\,4A shows the schematic of a nanopatterned integrated photonic power splitter, which splits the power from the input tapered waveguide ($P_0$) into the power in two output tapered waveguides ($P_1$ and $P_2$). The splitter is manufactured on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. The center component connecting three waveguides consists of an array of 20$\times$20 grid points. At each point, there is either a hole of various diameters or no hole, which defines the device topology and the power splitting ratio $P_1/P_2$.

We resize the device topology to match the size of input images for the DONNs system, which predicts the power splitting ratio with three categorical output labels $5:5$, $7:3$, and $9:1$. The datasets are generated from a conditional variational autoencoder trained from a dataset calculated using fullwave electromagnetic simulations as described in Ref.\,\cite{TangEtAl2020LPR}. More details about the input image mapping and dataset generation can be found in \emph{Materials and Methods}. Figures\,4B and 4C show the camera output images, intensity distributions, and confusion matrices from simulations and experiments, respectively. The obtained prediction accuracies are close to 100\,\%. More simulation and experimental data can be found in Fig\,S8.

\subsection*{Inverted pendulum}

An inverted pendulum is the pendulum with its center of mass above the pivot point, which is unstable. The pivot point can be horizontally moved back and forth through a control feedback loop to keep it balanced at the inverted position and keep it from falling. The motion evolution and dynamic stabilization of an inverted pendulum is a canonical problem of dynamics and control theory. Not only in classical mechanics, quantum mechanical systems, such as a many-body spin system described in Ref.\,\cite{HoangEtAl2013PRL}, have similar dynamic stabilization of a quantum inverted pendulum. Recently, RL approaches, such as deep Q-learning, provide fresh perspectives of solving physics tasks~\cite{LillicrapEtAl2015APA} and we demonstrate that the DONNs system can be used in a RL framework to dynamically stabilize an inverted pendulum.

Figure\,5A shows the schematic of the RL framework. Four states, including the positions and accelerations of the pendulum and base, are encoded into the input images of the DONNs using the one-hot feature engineering approach described before. The action space consists of moving the base left or right. The DONNs system is trained to take the current state as input and generate the next-step action as output so that the pendulum can be kept stable as many steps as possible. Hence, the reward function is defined as the number of steps to keep the pendulum from falling and we choose 200 as the number of steps to stop the training process. More details on the training of the DONNs system can be found in \emph{Materials and Methods}. The trained DONNs can generate actions to keep the pendulum stable for 200 steps. Figure\,5B displays two example sets of pendulum images, DONNs input state images, simulation action camera output images, and experimental camera action output images, which confirm the feasibility of utilizing the DONNs system for RL applications. The step evolution of these four images is displayed in \emph{Supplementary Movie 1}.

\section*{Discussion}

We have numerically and experimentally demonstrated that the DONNs system can be deployed to accelerate the execution of ML models in scientific computing domains, including guiding 2D quantum material synthesis, predicting the properties of 2D quantum materials and cancer inhibitors, predicting the device response of nanopatterned integrated photonic power splitters, and the dynamic stabilization of an inverted pendulum with a RL approach. We have developed a universal feature engineering approach to convert categorical input features to the images that can be processed in the DONNs system. One limitation of current hardware system is the binary nature of input images and future work can leverage the greyscale encoding to handle complicated categorical and even continuous input features.

\section*{Materials and Methods}

\noindent\emph{\underline{Experimental setup.}} The input light is from a laser diode (CPS532 from Thorlabs, Inc.), which has the center wavelength at 532\,nm and a beam diameter $\sim$4\,mm. The distance between SLMs and the camera is 11\,inches. The model number of all transmissive SLMs is LC 2012 from HOLOEYE Photonics AG. The refresh rate is 60\,Hz. The output images are captured by a CMOS camera (CS165MU1 from Thorlabs, Inc.). The frame rate is 34.8\,frames per second and 10 frames are averaged to obtain output images. The input image size is 100$\times$100. More experimental details can be found in our recent work~\cite{ChenEtAl2022LPR}.

\noindent\emph{\underline{2D quantum material synthesis.}} The dataset contains a total of 300 MoS$_2$ synthesis data. There are seven input features in the dataset, which are the distance of sulfur outside furnace, flow rate, reaction temperature, ramp time, reaction time, whether the substrate is placed flat or tilted, and whether sodium chloride salt is added or not. The first five features contain discrete real-valued numbers and the last two features are Boolean. The detailed data structure can be found in the open-source repository~\cite{github_repo1}. The output label is binary with 0 representing unsuccessful growth (small flake size) and 1 representing successful growth (large flake size). We randomly select 240 data (80\,\% data) as the training set and the rest (20\,\% data) as the test set. The input image size of our DONNs system is 100$\times$100 with binary grey levels and we convert input features to DONNs input images in following steps. First, we encode the input features following one-hot fashion, where the number of input features is changed from 7 to 81. The 1$\times$81 vector is reshaped to a 9$\times$9 matrix. This binary matrix is further scaled up through interpolation to a greyscale 100$\times$100 matrix, which finally becomes binary again by setting a threshold. In this application, the threshold is set as 0.1.

\noindent\emph{\underline{2D quantum material properties.}} For the prediction of all three properties, the input features are the same, which are the number of atoms per unit cell, prototype vector, and chemical composition vector. The output labels to represent ``magnetic state'', ``is stable'', and ``has direct band gap'' are available in the dataset. The feature extraction from materials is the same with Ref.\,\cite{SorkunEtAl2020CM} and the details can be found in the open-source repository~\cite{github_repo2}. The similar one-hot feature engineering process as described in the previous section is applied to 1$\times$144 vectors, which are further converted to input images of the size 100$\times$100 for the DONNs system through reshaping, resizing, and threshold-binarization processing. The threshold is set as 0.45. We split the data into the training and test data with a ratio of approximately 4:1. For the prediction of magnetic state, the training set has 952 data and the test set has 202 data. For the prediction of stability, the training set has 800 data and the test set has 208 data. For the prediction of band structure, the training set has 220 data and the test set has 52 data.

\noindent\emph{\underline{Cancer inhibitor effectiveness.}} For the effectiveness prediction of cancer inhibitors, including PD0325901, Refametinib, and Selumetinib, each drug has totally 7798 binary input features of patients' genomes mutation. Because of the limitation in the DONNs hardware system, we reduce the number of features by using a linear regression model with L1 normalization to extract the first 144 features. We then convert these features to a 100$\times$100 input image for the DONNs system by reshaping a 1$\times$144 vector to a 12$\times$12 matrix, resizing the 12$\times$12 matrix to a 100$\times$100 matrix through interpolation, and threshold-binarization processes. The threshold is set as 0.5. The output labels are denoted as real-valued numbers in a range from 0 to 1, which represent effectiveness of cancer inhibition. They become binary with a threshold 0.6, meaning that any value greater than 0.6 represents ``effective'' and other values represent ``ineffective''. We split the data into the training and test data with a ratio of approximately 4:1. For PD0325901, there are 1465 training data and 349 test data. For Refametinib, there are 1329 training data and 355 test data. For Selumetinib, there are 1482 training data and 328 test data.

\noindent\emph{\underline{Integrated photonic beam splitter.}} The center component has an area of 2.25$\times$2.25\,$\mu\mathrm{m}^2$. Hole spacings are 112\,nm from center to center of each hole position, and the maximum and minimum hole diameters are 77\,nm and 42\,nm. If a diameter is below 42\,nm, there is no hole. A conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) is trained using the simulation data generated fullwave electromagnetic finite-difference-time-domain calculations as described in detail in Ref.\,\cite{TangEtAl2020LPR}. Here, we use the decoder of trained CVAE to generate the device topology given the splitting ratio. For each ratio, we generate 800 training data and 131 test data. The device topology is represented by a 20$\times$20 matrix and each element is a floating point number to represent a normalized hole size. The 20$\times$20 matrix is then scaled up through interpolation to a 100$\times$100 matrix, which then becomes binary with the threshold 0.5.

\noindent\emph{\underline{Inverted pendulum stabilization.}} Four states are the horizontal position of the base in a range from -4.8 to 4.8, the angle between the pendulum and the vertical position in a range from -0.418 to 0.418, the horizontal velocity of the cart in a range from $-\infty$ to $+\infty$, and the angular velocity of the pendulum in a range from $-\infty$ to $+\infty$. The values of first two features are normalized to a range from 0 to 1 through linear normalization, and the latter two are normalized to the same range through the sigmoid function. The normalized range is then discretized to 25 levels, which is also the dimension of one-hot encoded feature vectors. Similar to other demonstrations, the 100$\times$100 input feature images for the DONNs system are generated through reshaping, resizing interpolation, and binarization processes. The threshold is set as 0.01.

In order to facilitate the training of the DONNs system, we first train a convolutional neural networks (CNNs) model in the RL framework shown in Fig.\,5A. The CNNs model has the state images generated using the one-hot feature engineering approach as input and the next-step action as the output. The CNN model contains three convolutional layers with the channel size of 1, 16, and 32, respectively. The kernel size is 5 and the step size is 2. Each convolutional layer is followed by a batch normalization layer. After the last convolutional layer, a fully connected layer is included to reduce the feature dimension to 2 to represent two actions. The reward function is defined as the number of steps to have a stabilized pendulum and we choose 200 steps as the training stop criterion. When the CNNs model is trained, it is used to perform the inference of multiple inverted pendulum problems with different initial states, and all steps with input images and output action are used to train the DONNs system.

\newpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
5 Most Expensive Celebrities' Outfits
Celebrity / Nov. 6, 2019, 10:50 a.m. / marianna
What could be better for a celebrity than demonstrating her beauty and expensive outfit? Various award ceremonies are the best place for doing it. The whole world is watching the event; a lot of paparazzi take pictures and shoot the stars. In such a situation the celebrities do not spare money for their outfits and let's check out the list of five most generous stars in this case.
5. Jessica Biel, outfit cost: $100,000
Pastor's daughter, combat pilot, vampire hunter – these are few of the roles of Jessica Biel and shimmer dress from Chanel, worth $100,000, in combination with jewelry from Tiffany and Co is a good way to emphasize the individuality of such a diverse actress. Do not look at the price; Jessica's natural beauty increases the value of her outfit several times.
Jessica Biel | Instagram
4. Kate Winslet, outfit cost: $100,000
Mia Threapleton could be proud of herself: her choice made her mother Kate Winslet the main star of 2007 Oscars. She was voted the Best Dressed Star during the event by fashion and showbiz magazines and websites around the world. Her mint dress by Valentino won the hearts of many women. And all of this cost only $100,000.
Kate Winslet | Amazonaws.com
3. Cate Blanchett, outfit cost: $200,000
The dress by Armani Privé, covered with Swarovski crystals, was worth $200,000. For this price Cate Blanchett beamed and pleased the public. She was the main concurrent of Kate Winslet at the 79th Academy Awards in 2007. Choose yourself, who was better, but the numbers say Blanchett is $100,000 more expensive than Winslet.
Cate Blanchett | Amazonaws.com
2. Nicole Kidman, outfit cost: $2,000,000
Australian beauty Nicole Kidman once put on a dress that for 15 years kept the title of the most expensive dress, worn defile on the red carpet. Her outfit at the Oscars in 1997 cost $ 2 million. John Galliano created this embroidered dress for the Dior house. A little nuance: the adventurous couturier paid Nicole this $ 2 million for agreeing to wear it. Worthy compensation for this fashionable failure: after all, for this choice, the actress was criticized a lot.
Nicole Kidman | Amazonaws.com
1. Jennifer Lawrence, outfit cost: $4,000,000
In 2013, actress Jennifer Lawrence broke the record of Nicole. Her dress by Dior cost two times more. This outfit can also be called the most inconvenient. During the ceremony, Jennifer several times found herself in embarrassing situations with a dress. For example, entangled in the hem, the girl stumbled on the stairs and banged her forehead on the steps. It happened just at the moment when the actress was rising on the stage to get the statuette.
Jennifer Lawrence | Amazonaws.com


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January 12, 2021: Column 2057: Trump Impeached a Second Time
Trump is Corrupt
Christian Choices Matter
Who Was Mary?
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Suicides Rates Are Rising
The Biblical Sexual Standard
Thankful for Thanksgiving
How to Cut the Divorce Rate in Half
Divorce Rate Is Falling
Latinos Deserve More Help
How To Defeat Covid - 19
How To Save Marriages
55 Years of Marriage
How To Cut America's Divorce Rate
Suicide Rate Rising
Overcoming Porn Addiction
The Devastation of Pornography
Marriages Are Falling - But Improving
Divorce Rates Are Falling
Cohabitation: the Enemy of Marriage
How To Reduce Suicide
How To Stop Drug Addiction
Cut Federal Funds for Planned Parenthood
The Horror of Soaring Suicides
Make Adoption More Appealing
The Addictive Nature of Pornography
Abortion Becoming Illegal
Protecting Girls from Suicide
The Worst Valentine: Cohabitation
Pornography: A Public Health Hazard
Sextortion Kills Teens
Cohabitation: A Risky Business
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Kids involved in more fatal ATV crashes in 2015
Of the 10 deaths from fatal ATV crashes this year in Wisconsin, four have been children.
Kids involved in more fatal ATV crashes in 2015 Of the 10 deaths from fatal ATV crashes this year in Wisconsin, four have been children. Check out this story on stevenspointjournal.com: http://spjour.nl/1NscyHl
Chris Mueller, USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Published 11:54 p.m. CT June 28, 2015
There have been 10 deaths as a result of ATV crashes in Wisconsin so far this year, and four of the victims were younger than 18 years old, according to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.(Photo: File)
STEVENS POINT – Nearly half the victims of fatal all-terrain vehicle crashes so far this year in Wisconsin have been children, including a 12-year-old boy who died June 15 in rural Portage County.
Of the 10 ATV crash deaths in the state so far this year, four of the victims were younger than 18 years old, according to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Overall, 27 deaths — a record high — occurred in the state in 2014. That year, though, only one of the crashes involved a victim younger than 18 years old.
The numbers this year don't necessarily reflect a new trend regarding the number of young people involved in fatal crashes, said Gary Eddy, ATV and snowmobile administrator for the DNR.
"It really fluctuates," Eddy said. "That goes for a lot of other variables too, like alcohol."
The DNR keeps track of every fatal ATV crash in the state and compiles a summary with the date, location and cause of each as well as information about blood-alcohol content, use of a helmet and safety certification of the riders involved.
The most recent crash in Portage County happened on private property on Vincent Lane in the town of Sharon, northeast of Stevens Point. A 12-year-old boy was driving on a field lane and lost control of the vehicle as he was approaching an opening between a barn and fence and the vehicle rolled, according to the DNR summary of the crash.
The three other children involved in fatal crashes so far this year were a 12-year-old boy June 10 in Green Lake County, a 10-year-old boy March 30 in Racine County and a 14-year-old boy March 25 in Trempealeau County.
It's important for parents not to treat an ATV as a toy to entertain their children, Eddy said.
"Some of them are capable of very high speeds, and all of them take some degree of skill and experience to operate," he said.
Parents should provide guidance and always know when, where and how their children are operating an ATV, Eddy said.
"Make sure they're always wearing appropriate safety gear," he said. "The biggest one out there is helmets."
The law requires anyone younger than 18 years old to wear a helmet while driving an ATV on public property. There is no helmet requirement when a person is driving an ATV on their own property or the property of an immediate family member.
Two of the four children killed in Wisconsin ATV crashes this year were not wearing helmets, according to the DNR.
"If there is one thing to take away from ATV safety, it's that helmets save lives," he said.
A safety certification class is required for anyone 12 or older, born on or after Jan. 1, 1988, to operate an ATV on public property, including trails, in Wisconsin. Of all four fatal crashes involving young people this year in Wisconsin, none of the victims had taken the class.
Portage County Sheriff Mike Lukas is qualified to teach the class, which he said is typically offered one or two times each year.
Paying attention to the terrain is important in preventing crashes, Lukas said, as is avoiding paved roads as much as possible.
"They're designed to go off road," he said. "When you're on roadways, it can be tough to maneuver."
Crashes with the most serious injuries often occur when the ATV rolls over and lands on top of someone, Lukas said.
"If an ATV tips on a 12-year-old, compared to an adult, it can be difficult for them to get it off," he said.
The class, which doesn't involve any hands-on driving experience, is designed to be a starting point for those learning to operate an ATV, Lukas said. The risk of rolling an ATV, even at slow speeds, is covered in the class.
"It can happen in a split second," he said. "We teach kids and adults, whoever is in the class, to have a bail-out option."
Chris Mueller can be reached at 715-345-2251. Follow him on Twitter as @AtChrisMueller.
ATV fatalities in Wisconsin
•2015 (as of June 15): 10
•2014: 27
Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Read or Share this story: http://spjour.nl/1NscyHl


Determining custody and visitation of your children involves some of the most important decisions that you'll make during your divorce. Rhode Island law designates two kinds of custody — joint and sole. It also designates to types of custody — physical and legal.
With joint custody, you draw up a child visitation schedule in order to specify how parents will share custody. And, more importantly, how to continue a relationship with their children. Having an official visitation schedule in place can reduce confusion and conflict between the parents as well. This, in turn, can minimize the need to communicate with one another if that's an issue. More importantly, however, it gives children a sense of security that they know where and with whom they'll be spending their nights, weekends, vacations and holidays.
What Is a Child Visitation Schedule?
Residential: This is the foundation of the visitation schedule. It designates whose home the child will be in on a regular basis.
Holiday: This designates where a child will spend holidays and special occasions. Often, children alternate where they'll spend holidays from one year to the next.
Vacation: This codifies where children will spend school breaks and summer vacation.
Of course, life is unpredictable. Sometimes a parent isn't able to take time off from work when they hope to. And sometimes other unforeseen circumstances arise. As a result, it may be wise to include a clause requiring parents to give each other a certain amount of advance notice if they aren't able to stick to the schedule.
The primary focus when drafting the schedule is what's best for your children. First, a visitation schedule should minimize inconvenience and negative impact on the kids. And it should also consider their schooling, extracurricular activities, friendships and relationships with their family. Your Rhode Island family law attorney can provide guidance, of course, as you and your spouse develop your child visitation schedule. Of course, you will also want to make changes to it as your kids get older.


It's a reader blog on our site, written by North ender Terry Benish.
He recently put together a list of locals athletes playing college baseball.
One reader already pointed that that Tanner Romo, a South Kitsap grad, is at Everett CC.
Peabody's got a good baseball mind and he's got a lot of opinions, particularly about the Mariners. Check out his blog.
BASEBALL: Western Oregon first baseman Bo Folkinga (sr., Twin Falls, Idaho, Olympic College) was named the Great Northwest Athletic Conference Player of the Week. Folkinga had nine hits in 15 at bats and drove in 11 runs as the Wolves won three of four games with Central Washington. Among Folkinga's hits were four doubles and two home runs. Folkinga now leads the GNAC in doubles (11) and RBI (31). … Andy Smith (jr., North Kitsap/Washington/Bellevue CC) is hitting .313 for Liberty (23-4) with three home runs, 17 RBI and six stolen bases. … Outfielder Caleb Brown (sr., Central Kitsap) is hitting .286 with two homers and six RBI for Washington (15-7). He's started eight games and played in 16. … Designated hitter/catcher Nick Benish (fr., North Kitsap) is hitting .334 for George Fox (12-12) with two homers and seven RBI. … Pacific Lutheran catcher Curtis Wildung (fr., North Kitsap) is hitting .286 with a home run and seven RBI. … Outfielder Daniel Jewett (so., North Kitsap) is hitting .323 for NCAA DII Truman State (3-17) of Missouri. … Outfielder Brad Fairweather (jr., South Kitsap/Olympic College) is hitting .300 for Hawaii-Hilo (6-23, 3-17 PacWest). … Casey Bohlman (jr., Central Kitsap/Bellevue CC) is 2-0 with two saves and a 4.97 ERA for Hawaii-Hilo. The left-hander has appeared in seven games and pitched 25.1 innings. …. Brett Bielec (sr., North Mason/Tacoma CC) is hitting .378 with eight RBI for Central Washington (9-11, 5-3). Brother Kasey Bielec (fr., North Mason) is hitting .269. Randy Button (jr., North Mason/Big Bend CC) is 1-1 with a 6.85 ERA. He's pitched 23.2 innings for CWU. Ryan Hastings (sr., Lynden/Olympic College) is 1-1 with a 9.53 ERA for Central. He's pitched 11.1 innings.


For ATCE at RAI Amsterdam we went all out! Was there anything at this show we did not provide? We provided it all; Exhibitors service counter. Entrance gates, indoor and outdoor. Registration areas. An organizer's office. Seminar theatres, catering terraces and workshops.


Right after your braces are removed, your orthodontist (a Exclusive dentist who will help straighten teeth and proper jaw issues) will in shape you to get a retainer and let you know how much time to use it and when. As an example, You could have to use it all day long for 3 months but then only in the evening following that.
These are definitely the metal brackets and wires that plenty of people picture every time they listen to the term "braces." However, contemporary brackets are scaled-down and fewer visible as opposed to infamous "metal-mouth" braces that numerous adults recall.
Invisible braces are designed for adults and older adolescents but are certainly not suggested when toddler teeth remain. Kids and young adolescents faced with orthodontic issues would require common metal braces with brackets/wires over the front of the teeth.
The very first tooth-colored orthodontic brackets had been produced away from plastic (acrylic in the beginning, followed by polycarbonate and polycarbonate/ceramic). And connected to the nature of those components, they had numerous inherent difficulties.
Braces have frequent stress which, after a while, go teeth into the desired positions. The method loosens the tooth after which new bone grows in to assist the tooth in its new posture. This known as bone reworking. Bone reworking is usually a biomechanical system answerable for creating bones much better in reaction to sustained load-bearing exercise and weaker while in the absence of carrying a load. Bones are created of cells identified as osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
At last, do not bend the wires. Flipping the retainer all over as part of your mouth will cause the wires to bend.
But he has no authority to execute a discharge of a debtor but on the particular payment of the total amount of the financial debt, Which in income only; nor to release sureties; nor to enter a get more info retraxit; nor to act to the lawful representatives of his deceased shopper; click here nor to launch a witness."
Anything you, on your own motivation. Would you are feeling humiliated in metal? Are you only willing to straighten your teeth if Invisalign is made use of? Do you favor the look of ceramic or sapphire? Or Never you care, as long as the outcome is nice?
A single crucial way to take care of your retainer will not be to get rid of it. They can be highly-priced and also your Mother or dad may need to pay for misplaced or ruined retainers.
These expenses, nearly always paid upfront, only make sure the commitment of your receiver, and they do not guarantee an outcome or ultimate solution.
Metal brackets are fixed (bonded) on to the teeth and safe a wire with elastic ties built outside of rubber. Instead to working with elastic ties, "self-ligating" brackets are accustomed to clip onto the wire.
Numerous dental insurance coverage ideas address Invisalign treatment equally as they would other orthodontic treatments. Ask your physician about how to make use of your orthodontic insurance plan coverage to purchase Invisalign treatment.
The aligners are numbered and worn for two months Each individual, so your time and energy in treatment is properly proven.
The impact full Using the retainer wire and composite is then placed in excess of the teeth and here held firmly in place right until the composite has established.


The body of work that Curtis created from his time studying and photographing Native American cultures became the popular conception of those tribes for his white audiences.
Curtis, Edward. The Master Prints. Salem, MA: Peabody Essex Museum; 147.
In 1806, Lewis and Clark recorded encounters with this Native tribe in what is today South Dakota. Leaders of the Sioux who are still famous today include Sitting Bull and Crazy horse, who led battles against settlers and their armies. (Another great leader, Red Cloud, was also photographed by Edward Curtis.) The Oglalla entered into several peace treaties with the United States including treaties of 1825, 1865, and 1867.
Edward Curtis took more than 40,000 photographs of Native Americans from 1901 to 1930. Many of his images were criticized as contrived and looking back at "traditional" costumes that were not necessarily worn at the time he photographed his sitters.
"At the present time Nampeyo is not only the best but practially the only Hopi pottery decorator who is doing work anything like the old time primitive way. Her designs are full of artand full of meaning, whereas much of the work done now is very inferior. The Hopis and other Indians generally are allowing their work to deteriorate very much."
Curtis, Edward. The Master Prints. Salem, MA: Peabody Essex Museum; 75.
"Predominantly whte belts, such as this one, are usually associated with cordial purposes. Although the belt could have originated anywhere in the Northeast, the fact that it was in the collection of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions suggests a possible Iroquois attribution."
This entry summarizes finanical collections and donations toward educational and missionary efforts. It also reports a public event, an "Indian Meeting" organized by the Association and held at the Tabernacle Church in Salem. Highlights included addresses by clergy, and presentations by two Native American Indian children who attended a missionary school.


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Top Ten TV Characters I Loathe
May 25, 2018 Nerdeeo4 Comments
Last week we said goodbye to my favorite NCIS character: Abby Sciuto. I was really bummed when I first heard that she was going to be leaving the show after playing such an integral role in it for 15 years. I've honestly struggled to understand how the show could feasibly continue without her, especially after the team has seen so much loss in one way or another, in recent years (Ziva and DiNozzo being the most poignant departures). But alas, the show must go on…
I often think about the television characters that I love. The ones that make me laugh, or cry, or whom I just feel some sort of connection to. It's easy to think about all the characters who are such an important part of the team, and it can be difficult to picture a show without certain characters. This might be an unpopular opinion, but while I wasn't a huge fan of Derek Shepard (sorry!), it was still really hard for me to envision the show without him. Some shows continue along after the loss of significant characters, and others don't. I know that many still aren't over losing Derek. I get it, even if I don't feel the same sentiment towards his highness. 😉
But today, I'm not looking to talk about my favorite characters or the ones who have had a strong impact on myself, or the program in which they exist. Today, I want to talk about the characters I loathe. The ones that make me cringe – who, no matter how many times I've seen a particular episode, still irritate the piss outta me.
I realize that hate is a strong word. My mother used to always tell me not to say I hated something or someone. "Intensely dislike", she would say, trying to correct me. But we're talking about a plethora of virtual worlds and virtual people with virtual feelings I can't hurt or offend, so I'm gonna stick with hate. Sorry, mom.
Let me say that this is not a countdown list – I definitely hate some more than others, but there's really no rhyme or reason to the order of these characters.
Sam Malone & Diane Chambers // Cheers – Sam might be one of the main characters of Cheers, but man is he really a dick. He's more or less, entirely self-serving and on top of that, he's painfully dense. He's a total jerk to Diane… but here's the thing, she's also pretty obnoxious and irritating. Perhaps one of their issues as a couple is the qualities they have in common because like Sam, Diane is also self-involved. Their whole relationship, no matter the stage, is just destructive and exhausting. There's no humor in watching these two characters abuse each other constantly. I can't help but wonder, would these characters be any more tolerable on their own? If one didn't exist, would I find the other more palatable? Both characters played guest roles on Frasier and looking back, I didn't find Sam as insufferable as I did Diane…
Mel Karnofsky // Frasier – Mel. Oh Mel… where should I even begin? Nile's second wife is the most exasperating character in this entire series. She's not the only cast member to make this particular list, but in terms of Frasier, she's absolutely the worst. She brings manipulative to a whole new level – and then some. Her mannerisms, her voice (my apologies to Jane Adams, the actress who portrayed her), and her controlling and degrading behavior towards not just Niles, but the whole family is just cringe worthy. No matter how many times I see the episodes from the series that feature her, my irritation never wavers.
Eliza Minnick // Grey's Anatomy – I feel like if you've been watching Grey's Anatomy for any period of time, and you have had the displeasure of viewing Eliza Minnick, then you need no explanation as to why I hate this character. Minnick is clearly the type of character that is meant to be abrasive and insufferable. I understand that some characters are meant to serve this kind of purpose, but Minnick is above and beyond. It's really hard for me to understand how Dr. Bailey would be able to step on Dr. Webber's toes by hiring this woman. After everything they have been through over the years it just feels so unrealistic to me. Further, the idea that Arizona would have a relationship, whether serious or otherwise, with this woman is just astounding. There's been many instances over the years where I was absolutely on #TeamArizona, but in this instance, I was just screaming, "Arizona, what is WRONG WITH YOU!?!", over and over again…mostly internally. I would be lying if I said I didn't cheer when Minnick got a nice dose of karma and reality and was shown the door. 🙌🏼
Bebe Glazer // Frasier – Oh, yes. This list would NOT be complete without including Frasier Crane's wretched agent. It's clear that this character was purposefully over the top, but that doesn't make her any less annoying. Her voice and over dramatic way of saying anything and everything, her mannerisms, her aggressive and obsessive desire to sleep with Frasier, the many ways in which she nearly (or completely…) sabotages Frasier's career…as Stefon would say, this character has everything! In this particular instance however, it's not a compliment.
John Greer // Person of Interest – It's without question, that we're not exactly meant to have any sort of warm & fuzzy feelings for this particular character. I definitely get that, but I just can't compile a list of characters I dislike without including this man. In his case, dislike is far too mild. Greer is one of the biggest enemies of The Machine and its motley yet lovable crew, and his smug attitude and pretentious air really seals the deal. I can't tell you how much I yearned for this characters demise…
Barbara Thorndyke // The Golden Girls – In S3E15, Dorothy's New Friend, we are introduced to Barbara Thorndyke, an uppity author who becomes friends with Dorothy. She's snotty, completely full of herself, and condescending towards Rose and Blanche. All of which is more than enough to dislike her, but when she suggests that Sophia's date cannot come to a dinner they planned to attend at an exclusive country club because he is Jewish, her fate as Dorthy's friend is (thankfully) sealed. Adding racists to her many titles, this character is an easy one to hate.
Frank Buffay Jr. // Friends – I feel like this might be one character, where I don't have too many people to agree with me, but I have to say it: I hate Phoebe's brother!! It would have been one thing if she had met him and only seen him occasionally, but having his freaking kids – triplets no less – how about no! The whole situation is just cringe worthy!! Frank and his girlfriend just have a creep factor to them, and I just can't get with them!
Ryan Howard // The Office – I'm slowly making my way through The Office for the first time ever. So while I'm not done with the whole series just yet, I'm gonna take a risk and assume that Ryan the temp does not redeem himself before the end (I just started season six). There's definitely a lot about The Office that is utterly ridiculous and in many cases unrealistic, which I get is purposeful, but seriously – how does Ryan ever step foot back in Dunder Mifflin Scranton after what he did!?! He's an untrustworthy leech and a total tool!! Also, I can't decide what I hate more – Ryan with bleached hair, or Ryan with his douchey "I'm a hot shot" goatee/beard… thoughts?*
*My apologies to BJ Novak.
Dr. Preston Burke // Grey's Anatomy – I've realized in writing this list, that there is definitely a theme to the kinds of characters that truly get under my skin, and Dr. Preston Burke exemplifies this to a T. He is pretentious and presents himself in such an abrasive way that just drives me nuts. The way he manipulates Cristina Yang to help him, but then throws her under the bus… yick. It's easy I suppose to create accomplished characters who exhibit this sort of bratty, entitled vibe, but there is such a thing as humility and Dr. Burke clearly has none of it. I shed no tears when Burke left and really, if anything, I rejoiced because his character was a complete mood sucker. The same advice that Cristina gave Meredith concerning Derek could have easily applied to her relationship with Burke –"Don't let what he wants eclipse what you need. He's very dreamy, but he's not the sun. You are." #Sorrynotsorry
I feel like I should finish this post by saying props to all the actors who portrayed these dreadful characters. You did an excellent job making me hate them. 😉 Got a list of characters you can't stand? Share them with me in the comments!
Cheers, Frasier, Friends, Grey's Anatomy, NCIS, Person of Interest, Television, The Golden Girls, The Office
The Sims 4 SEASONS Announcement + Trailer
10 Reasons To Love BBC's Sherlock
4 thoughts on "Top Ten TV Characters I Loathe"
Jessie Miller (@JessLj1) says:
I don't watch all the shows you mention here, but I couldn't agree with you more about Sam and Diane from Cheers. I have only gotten through the first 2 seasons so far and a random few episodes after. Diane was annoying from day 1 and her and Sam together are a disaster. The last 2 episodes of season 2, in particular, are just them arguing the entire time. It wasn't even fun to watch, I'm shocked the show was continued for a 3rd season. I'm trying to get through it to see Frasier in it, of course. And, after having watched Cheers it does make some of the Frasier episodes, especially the ones where Cheers characters visit, even more enjoyable. But wow. Sam is ok on his own, yes, still a dick like you said, but that's his character. Thank goodness for Cliff and Norm! They've gotten me through. I also can't stand The Coach or Carla. The Coach is so redundant and you sit there watching him go through meaningless babble that has no point in the end. A waste of time when the show has 22-ish minutes of time. I really don't know why I'm watching it after thinking about all that!
Mel in Frasier. Yes, she too is annoying and she thinks she's everything. But, at that point in the show she was designed for the audience to hate her. At that point we're all dying for Niles and Daphne to finally be together, and Mel makes that so incredibly difficult and drawn out. And of course I can't stand Bebe either, it's sickening to watch and listen to her at times.
I disagree about John Greer in Person of Interest, however. After having watched the series through one time I would have agreed, but I have recently re-watched the series and noticed more about him. His planning from day 1 was incredible. He had plenty of chances to kill Finch and he didn't. He's really a brilliant villain, one of my favorite villains in any TV show. I remembered more right after I re-watched it than I do now, but I do recall moments of being impressed by what he did, despite being the enemy of our beloved characters.
The show Friends, don't get me started. I've seen most of the episodes but the show is overall very annoying. Most of the time the girls are screechy and screaming. Perhaps I just can't identify with them as I'm a Tomboy and cannot relate to any of them. And, I don't like 2 of the actresses at all, so that doesn't help. Phoebe's half brother is meant to be annoying, he doesn't bother me too much. It's Janis that I absolutely can't stand. I haven't watched it on TV in awhile but if it was the only thing on and I had to be watching TV, I would skip those episodes. And she kept coming back, nails on a chalkboard, throughout the entire series. Pointless.
nerdeeo1131 says:
We definitely all have our favorite characters and those that we dislike. You can keep John Greer and I'll take Friends – it's one of my top favorite shows easily. 🙂
Lol that works for me. To add to the Sam and Diane theme…I just started watching season 3 of Cheers. Even though Diane is with Frasier now it's still Sam and Diane drama but at least their bickering is less mean spirited, for now. Ugh! Frasier is SO different though. Obviously younger but hasn't even developed is deep iconic voice, or really his acting skills. It's interesting to watch him. In the 3rd season of Cheers I think he looks a bit like Niles at times.
Purplemanatees says:
I'm watching greys now and in season 11 he is already so annoying and just mean I cant wait for his departure I never really liked him all that much
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Key & Shield 2 - Играть бесплатно на PacoGames.com!
Your friends were imprisoned in the cages on an unknown island. Explore the island and set your friends free. You will need only two things for your journey: a key to unlock the locks and a shield for your own safety. This is not going to be as easy as it may seem, though. Enemies guarding the cages will not release them for no reason. Whatever, somebody has to save them. Collect gold coins during your journey for the best possible result of each respective area. Have fun.


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Цветелин Цолов е български футболист. Роден на 16 януари 1990 г. в град Ботевград. Юноша на ЦСКА София.

Български футболисти
Родени в Ботевград

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For over 40 years, Airswift has been transforming lives through the provision of international workforce solutions to the energy, process and infrastructure industries.
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Faculty of Education and Childrens Services
Education and Childrens Services
The international movement of ideas and practices in education and social policy
robert ian hulme.pdf
main thesis
Hulme, Robert I.
Ford, Neville J.
This thesis comprises eight publications produced between 2000 and 2009 in addition to a critical review of that work. The review considers the contribution made by the author to the perspectives on policy making offered by the framework of policy transfer and its subsequent applications within global social policy and related sub disciplines. It develops to explore the author's use of critical policy sociology and methodological work in social policy, education and political science in order to enhance existing perspectives on policy transfer. In contrast to rational linear models of decision making, alternative recursive deliberate approaches are suggested throughout this work. The review also considers aspects of the author's work on integrated working or trans-professionalism in the public services. Those aspects of his work on policy theory which illuminate professional learning are critically assessed.
Dolowitz, D. P., Hulme, R., Nellis, M., & O'Neill, F. (2000). Policy transfer and British social policy: Learning from the USA? Maidenhead, United Kingdom: Open University Press
Hulme, R. (2005). Policy transfer and the internationalisation of social policy. Social Policy and Society 4(4). pp. 417-425
Hulme, R., & Hulme, M. (2005). New Labour's education policy: Innovation or re-invention? In M. Powell, & L. Bauld (Eds.), Social policy review 2005 (pp. 33-50). Bristol, United Kingdom, Polity
Hulme, R., (2006). The role of policy transfer is assessing impact of American ideas on British education policy. Global Social Policy, 6(2), pp. 173-195
Hulme, R., & Luchinskaya, E. (2007). Supporting the development of social policy in a Russian university through international online dialogue. In Transactions in Russian and European higher education (pp. 1-11). Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang
Hulme, R., & Hulme, M. (2008). The global transfer of policy. In N. Yeates (Ed.), Understanding global social policy (pp. 49-71). Bristol, United Kingdom: Policy
Hulme, R., & Cracknell, D. (2009). Learning across boundaries: Developing trans-professional understanding through practitioner enquity. In A. Campbell, & S. Groundwater-Smith (Eds.), Connecting inquiry and professional learnign in education: International perspectives and practical solutions (pp. 150-164). Abingdon, United Kingdon: Routledge
Hulme, R., & Hulme, M. (2009). The 're-imagining' of evidence under New Labour: Policy and practice in education in uncertain times. Effective Education 1(2), pp. 151-168
University of Chester


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Understanding Europe
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Ceuta & Melilla
Syrian children outside a makeshift tent near the refugee and migrant camp at the Greek island of Samos on Wednesday, Sept. 25, 2019 | Photo: Picture-alliance
Children migrants
Child refugees
Irish government urged to do more for refugee children
Published on : 2019/09/27
By Marion MacGregor Published on : 2019/09/27
Ireland is being urged to take in 36 refugee children from Greece as soon as possible. The call follows criticism of the government for failing to meet its refugee resettlement target.
The head of Ireland's Children's Rights Alliance says the country has a moral duty to relocate the children who are at risk of "losing their childhoods". Tanya Ward says 500 unaccompanied minors are currently living without shelter or access to education in Greece.
"It's a deteriorating situation. Ireland needs to move quickly to get those refugee children out," Ward says.
Last December, Ireland's justice minister, Charlie Flanagan, promised to bring 36 unaccompanied minors to the country by the end of this year. However, Ward says the government is not meeting its commitment.
The Irish government pledged in 2015 to accept up to 4,000 people under the Irish Refugee Protection Programme (IRPP). Around 2,600 migrants have been brought to Ireland through the IRPP, including 41 children and young people as part of the Calais Special Project.
Improve the lives of refugee children
Ward made the comments following the release of the Safe Haven Report which looks at the problems refugee children from Syria have experienced since moving to Ireland.
The report recommends ways in which Ireland should work to improve refugee children's lives. Language barriers in education, mental health services and accommodation for asylum seeker children are key concerns raised in the report.
During the launch of the report, the head of the IRPP, Eibhlin Byrne, said most migrant parents had "written off their own lives" so that they could create a better future for their children, the Irish Times reports. She added that these children could go on to become leaders of business or politics if they received the right support and guidance.
Government under pressure over resettlement
The government has also faced criticism over its refugee resettlement commitment. Joan Burton, a member of Parliament of the Labour Party, accused it of failing to meet its target of accepting 4,000 migrants, including 200 unaccompanied minors, the report in the Irish Times said.
At the same time, a coalition of Irish organizations has called on the government to increase its target to at least 1,500 resettlement places annually in the period 2020-22. The coalition of 23 groups also urged Ireland to lead in a new Mediterranean search-and-rescue mission and the development of a mechanism for sharing responsibility.
Over 6,300 unaccompanied minors in Italy, UNICEF
Over 70,000 unaccompanied minors came to Italy between 2014 and 2018
Syria: Nearly 28,000 foreign children stranded in north-east, UNICEF
Children's suffering does not stop at the border, UN report
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