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Effect of dexmedetomidine infusion on desflurane requirement and perioperative hemodynamic changes during laparoscopic gastric sleeve operations: a study based on entropy
Khaled M Elnaghy1, Ibrahim Abd-Elsalam Nasr2
1 Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ain Shams University, Cairo; Department of Anesthesia, Dr Sulaiman Alhabib Hospital, Riyadh, Egypt
2 Ain Shams University, Cairo; Department of Anesthesia, Sultan Bin Abdul-Aziz Humanitarian City Hospital, Riyadh, Egypt
Date of Web Publication 3-Aug-2018
Khaled M Elnaghy
Department of Anesthesia, Dr Sulaiman Alhabib Hospital, Riyadh 11393
Context Obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric sleeve operations are sensitive to the respiratory depressant effect of opioid analgesics. Alternative methods for analgesia may be beneficial for intraoperative management of those patients. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2 agonist with anesthetic and analgesic sparing properties that makes it an adjuvant in general anesthesia.
Aim The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine during laparoscopic gastric sleeve operations on desflurane requirements, perioperative hemodynamic changes, and also postoperative recovery. This study was based on entropy to monitor the depth of anesthesia.
Patients and methods Eighty patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists II and III who were scheduled for laparoscopic gastric sleeve operations were randomly allocated to two groups of 40 patients each. Dexmedetomidine at a loading dose of 1 μg/kg was given over 10 min before anesthesia induction, followed by 0.5 μg/kg/h maintenance throughout the operation in group II, and saline (placebo) was given in group I at the same volume and rate. Routine induction with propofol, fentanyl, and cisatracurium was carried out. Anesthesia was maintained with desflurane that was adjusted to maintain adequate depth of general anesthesia with response entropy between 40 and 60 and a difference of less than 10 with the state entropy. Desflurane inspired fraction and desflurane expired fraction were monitored.
Results End-tidal concentration of desflurane was significantly low at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of operation. End-tidal concentration of desflurane decreased by 13.2–21.8% with the use of dexmedetomidine in comparison with group I. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were significantly decreased with the use of dexmedetomidine at different time intervals throughout the operation in comparison with group I and in comparison with the baseline in group II. Perioperative fentanyl consumption was significantly low with the use of dexmedetomidine in group II in comparison with group I. It was 325±55 μg in group II in comparison with 178±45 μg in group I. There was no significant difference between the two study groups as regards the extubation time. Pain score was significantly higher in group I in comparison with group II on admission to the postoperative acute care unit, and at 1 and 2 hlater.
Conclusion In conclusion, the use of dexmedetomidine as preanesthetic medication followed by infusion during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy reduces desflurane requirement, maintains hemodynamic stability due to attenuation of stress response, and reduces the fentanyl requirement during intraoperative and early postoperative period, with decreased risk for respiratory depression in the postoperative acute care unit for morbidly obese patients who are at great risk for obstructive sleep apnea and oxygen desaturation.
Keywords: desflurane, dexmedetomidine, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, morbidly obese
Elnaghy KM, Nasr IA. Effect of dexmedetomidine infusion on desflurane requirement and perioperative hemodynamic changes during laparoscopic gastric sleeve operations: a study based on entropy. Ain-Shams J Anaesthesiol 2017;10:188-94
Elnaghy KM, Nasr IA. Effect of dexmedetomidine infusion on desflurane requirement and perioperative hemodynamic changes during laparoscopic gastric sleeve operations: a study based on entropy. Ain-Shams J Anaesthesiol [serial online] 2017 [cited 2019 Jul 18];10:188-94. Available from: http://www.asja.eg.net/text.asp?2017/10/1/188/238444
The frequency of laparoscopic gastric sleeve operations has increased worldwide due to the increased prevalence of obesity [1]. Laparoscopic bariatric surgeries offer the advantage of early mobilization and reduced hospital stay, but the associated carboperitoneum may lead to intraoperative cardiac instability [2]. Moreover, morbidly obese patients are liable to intraoperative respiratory problems such as reduced functional residual capacity and hypoxemia, in addition to development of sleep apnea and insufficient postoperative ventilation [3]. New inhalational anesthetics such as desflurane and sevoflurane have a low blood–gas partition coefficient, and hence share the advantage of faster onset and faster offset of anesthesia [4],[5]. However, because of the effect of obesity on the proportion of different tissues, body composition, perfusion uptake, and solubility, this can not only potentially affect wash-in and wash-out kinetics of inhalational agents but also recovery time in obese patients [4]. Moreover, the use of opioids for morbidly obese patients could cause respiratory depression and affect the respiratory time [6]. Laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia are associated with unique hemodynamic changes in the form of increased systemic vascular resistance leading to hypertension that needs increasing anesthesia depth to be controlled, and hence alternative analgesics are needed to improve the anesthetic management for obese patients, reduce the requirements of inhalational anesthetics and opioids, and subsequently improve the recovery. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2 adrenoreceptor agonist [7] possessing hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic properties without producing significant respiratory depression and promotes hemodynamic stability when used as an adjuvant during general anesthesia [8]. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine during laparoscopic gastric sleeve operations on desflurane requirements, perioperative hemodynamic changes, and also postoperative recovery. This study was based on entropy to monitor the depth of anesthesia, as administration and studying of drugs known to decrease anesthetic requirement without monitoring the depth of anesthesia may lead to underdosing of anesthetic drugs, thus causing awareness under anesthesia.
This prospective randomized double-blind study was conducted over a period of 8 months (from April 2015 to December 2015) after approval of our human ethical committee of doctor Suleiman Alhabib Hospital (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) and obtaining signed informed written consent from patients. Eighty obese and extremely obese patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class II or III aged 20–50 years with BMI more than 40 kg/m2 who were scheduled for elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were as follows: diabetes and hypertension, age more than 50 years or less than 20 years, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiac diseases, atrioventricular block, hepatic and renal dysfunction, and preoperative hematocrit values of less than 25%. Patients were randomly allocated to the two study groups using the sealed envelope technique. Forty patients were allocated in group I (the control group), desflurane–fentanyl, and another 40 patients were included in group II (the test group) desflurane–fentanyl–dexmedetomidine. Patients and investigators who recorded data in the operating room were blinded to the test group whether I or II.
For all study group patients, low molecular weight heparin was started 12 h before operation as an antithrombotic treatment. All drug doses were determined according to the true patient weight. Upon arrival of patients in the holding area, midazolam 20 μg/kg and glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg were given intravenously after insertion of an intravenous cannula. Intravenous premedication consisted of 10 mg of metoclopramide, pantoprazole 40 mg, ranitidine 50 mg, and dexamethasone 8 mg.
Inside the operating room, standard anesthesia monitoring was applied and baseline readings were recorded: noninvasive blood pressure, ECG, pulse oximetry, end-tidal CO2 monitor, peripheral nerve stimulator, and temperature probe. For observation of desflurane requirements, desflurane inspired fraction and desflurane expired fraction were monitored. For monitoring the depth of anesthesia, entropy (state entropy and response entropy) analysis was used (Datex-Ohmeda S/5 Module, Aisys Workstation; GE Healthcare, Helsinki, Finland). Difficult airway cart was kept ready for all patients and C Mac (C Mac monitor, 8403ZX endoscope; Karl Storz, Berlin, Germany) was used for endotracheal intubation, with appropriately sized cuffed flexometallic endotracheal tubes passed orally.
Ringer lactate solution at a rate of 10 ml/kg, intravenous, was started and another 18 G intravenous cannula was inserted for infusion of dexmedetomidine only. Redial artery catheter was inserted for invasive blood pressure monitoring.
Patients in group II received dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg, intravenous, over 10 min through infusion pump before induction. (200 μg of dexmedetomidine was diluted in 40 ml of saline to obtain a concentration of 5 μg/ml.). Patients in group I received normal saline in the same volume (ml) and rate (ml/h). During the period of infusion of the study drug, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and ECG were closely monitored.
After 5 min of preoxygenation for all patients, anesthesia was induced with intravenous fentanyl 0.5 μg/kg, lidocaine 1 mg/kg, propofol 1.5 mg/kg, and cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg. C Mac was used for tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with 50% oxygen in air and cisatracurium infusion, and desflurane was started with 4% concentration and then adjusted to maintain an adequate depth of general anesthesia with response entropy between 40 and 60 and a difference of less than 10 with the state entropy. In group II, dexmedetomidine infusion of 0.5 μg/kg/h was started with an infusion pump at a concentration of 5 μg/ml solution throughout the operation and stopped 30 min before the expected time of completion. A similar volume of normal saline was infused in group I with the same rate. Tidal volume and respiratory rate were adjusted to maintain end-tidal CO2 within 30–40 mmHg and arterial blood gases within normal limit.
Anesthetist was permitted to treat the hemodynamic events, defined as HR and blood pressure more or less than 25% of the baseline, first by changing the desflurane concentration. Hypotension (defined as an MAP value of <25% of the baseline on two consecutive readings within 2–3 min not responding to 2% decrease in the inspired desflurane concentration and 200 ml of saline bolus) was treated with intravenous phenylephrine 100 μg bolus, and the infusion study medication was discontinued if the hypotension persisted for more than 2 min after these interventions and resumed with 50% of the initial rate upon return of the MAP within 25% of the baseline value. Hypertension (defined as MAP value of more than 25% of the baseline on two consecutive readings within 2–3 min) and/or tachycardia (defined as HR value of more than 25% of the baseline more than 2 min) despite 2% increase in the inspired desflurane concentration were treated with intravenous fentanyl 0.5 μg/kg bolus, followed by intravenous labetalol 5 mg bolus if no response. Bradycardia (defined as HR less than 45 persisting more than 2 min) was treated with intravenous glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg bolus.
Similar amounts of intravenous crystalloids were administered to all patients intraoperatively on the basis of body weight 8 ml/kg/h. Ondansetron was administered at a dose of 8 mg, intravenous, after removal of the laparoscope to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. Diclofenac sodium 75 mg and paracetamol 1 g were given intravenously for postoperative analgesia. Before wound closure, bupivacaine 0.25% was infiltrated at the fascial level of all ports. Neostigmine 0.04 mg/kg with glycopyrrolate 4 μg/kg was given to reverse the residual neuromuscular blockade based on nerve stimulator response. Infusion of the study medication was discontinued at the start of wound closure. Desflurane was discontinued upon completion of wound closure and inspired oxygen concentration was increased to 100% and flow increased to 5 l. Times from discontinuation of desflurane to eye opening and obeying simple commands (open eyes and open mouth) and tracheal extubation were recorded. Immediately after extubation, sedation was assessed with sedation score as follows: 1, awake; 2, sleepy but arousable; and 3, sleepy but difficult to awake. All patients were transferred to the postoperative acute care unit (PACU) and standard monitoring was applied. In the PACU, patients were started on patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with fentanyl in a protocol of 50 μg PCA bolus followed by 25 μg PCA dose with a lockout time of 15 min. All patients were kept in the PACU for 2 h for observation of hemodynamics and pain. The verbal rating scale was used for subjective assessment of pain from 0 to 10 (0=no pain and 10 worst pain).
End-tidal concentration of desflurane and entropy was recorded at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after intubation. HR and invasive arterial blood pressure were recorded at 5 and 10 min after starting the study drug, at the time of induction, at the time of intubation, at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after intubation, at the time of extubation, and at 30, 60, and 120 m after extubation. Time required for extubation was detected. Visual analog scale was used for assessment of postoperative pain. Perioperative fentanyl requirements were detected.
For statistical analysis, SPSS software (version 17; SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used. A power analysis of α=0.05 and β=0.90 showed that 40 patients were required per group to detect at least 30% difference in desflurane requirement and perioperative hemodynamics between the two study groups. Data were expressed as mean±SD, number, and percentage of patients or median (interquartile range). Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of patient sex and ASA classification between the two study groups. The Mann–Whitney test was used for comparison of verbal rating scale data. Unpaired Student's t-test was used for comparison of hemodynamic data, end-tidal concentration of desflurane, and perioperative fentanyl consumption. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
A total of 80 patients enrolled in the study were comparable as regards age, sex, BMI, ASA physical status, and duration of surgery ([Table 1]).
Table 1 Patients' demographic data in the two study groups
There was no significant difference between the two study groups as regards the depth of anesthesia, which was assessed using response entropy (RE) and state entropy (SE), and was maintained between 40 and 60 during the period of surgery. In the perioperative period, the RE value was 98–100 and the SE value was 90–91, which indicated that patients were fully conscious. Values dropped by around 20–25% after dexmedetomidine loading in group II to be 55–80, indicating good sedating effect (sedated but can be awakened with verbal commands).
A significant decrease in desflurane requirements in group II was found in comparison with group I. End-tidal concentration of desflurane was significantly low at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of operation ([Table 2]). End-tidal concentration of desflurane decreased by 13.2–21.8% with the use of dexmedetomidine in comparison with group I ([Table 2]).
Table 2 Comparison of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane in the two study groups at different time intervals
As regards hemodynamic parameters, measures of HR, SBP, and DBP were comparable in the two study groups before starting dexmedetomidine loading dose (baseline). After loading dose of dexmedetomidine, HR decreased by 12.5%, SBP decreased by 12.9%, and DBP decreased by 14% in comparison with baseline values in group II. During operation, there was a significant difference between the two study groups at different time intervals. SBP, DBP, and HR were significantly decreased with the use of dexmedetomidine at different time intervals throughout the operation, in comparison with group I and in comparison with the baseline in group II ([Table 3] and [Table 4]). The use of dexmedetomidine in group II decreased the HR by 13.4–23.6% during the surgery in comparison with group I. HR was less by 10–22.3% inside group II in comparison with baseline. SBP decreased by 8.3–20% in group II in comparison with group I during operation and by 5.4–20.5% in group II in comparison with the baseline before dexmedetomidine loading dose. In the recovery room, the hemodynamic parameters were significantly lower in group II in comparison with group I at different time intervals ([Table 3] and [Table 4]).
Table 3 Comparison of systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure at different time intervals between the two study groups
Table 4 Comparison of heart rate at different time intervals between the two study groups
Perioperative fentanyl consumption was significantly low with the use of dexmedetomidine in comparison with group I. It was 325±55 μg in group II in comparison with 178±45 μg in group I ([Table 5]). There was no significant difference between the two study groups as regards the extubation time ([Table 5]).
Table 5 Comparison of the verbal rating scale on postoperative acute care unit admission, and 1 h and 2 h later
Pain score was significantly higher in group I in comparison with group II on admission to the PACU, and at 1 and 2 h later ([Table 5])
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has become a popular choice for patients seeking excellent weight loss in a straightforward procedure with fewer complications compared with gastric bypass operations and more effective compared with the gastric band operation [1].
The results of the present study showed that the use of dexmedetomidine during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy reduced desflurane requirements, which was detected by decreased end-tidal concentration of desflurane, maintaining patients at an adequate depth of anesthesia, monitored with entropy, due to the anesthesia-sparing effect of dexmedetomidine. The anesthesia-sparing effect of dexmedetomidine in our study was consistent with earlier studies. A study was conducted on patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgeries including gastric banding and gastric bypass [1]. The design of the previous study was different from ours, as different concentrations of dexmedetomidine were used. We preferred to use dexmedetomidine at a concentration of 0.5 μg/kg/h for infusion during surgery, as higher concentrations were associated with more significant hemodynamic disturbances. Moreover, in our study, fentanyl was used for induction and our target was to evaluate the reduction in fentanyl need. Several previous studies detected reduction in sevoflurane requirements with dexmedetomidine infusion. However, in nonbariatric surgeries [9],[10],[11], desflurane in our study has a faster wash-in and wash-out in comparison with sevoflurane in morbidly obese patients due to its low blood–gas partition coefficient, which suggests a more rapid kinetic profile. For the previous reason, desflurane could be more suitable for morbidly obese patients [12]. In fact, it is safe and effective in maintaining general anesthesia, and its use is followed by rapid recovery [4]. In another study conducted in 2012, isoflurane was used and its end-tidal concentration was reduced with the use of dexmedetomidine during laparoscopic surgeries, but extubation time was not detected in comparison with our study [13]. Moreover, isoflurane has fallen out of favor for use in morbidly obese patients as its high lipophilicity coupled with increased fat mass in morbidly obese patients suggests increased peripheral tissue uptake, which may affect the recovery time [14].
The profound reduction in desflurane requirements with dexmedetomidine infusion was shown to be mediated through its agonist effect on the central α2 adrenergic receptors, which is eight times higher than that of clonidine as regards the affinity to the receptors with anxiolytic, analgesic, and sedative effect [1]. Moreover, the use of dexmedetomidine potentiates anesthetic effects of all intraoperative anesthetics regardless of the method of administration. A study was conducted in 2013 and detected the role of dexmedetomidine in the reduction of the mean induction and maintenance dose of propofol [15]. Another work was conducted during laparoscopic gastric bypass and detected a 33% reduction in propofol requirements with the use of dexmedetomidine [16].
Dexmedetomidine has a sympatholytic and hemodynamic stability effect due to its highly selective α2 agonist action [10]. Results of the present study demonstrated a significant reduction in blood pressure and HR with the use of dexmedetomidine, mostly due to attenuation of the stress response to various noxious stimuli. After administration of the test drug, a significant decrease in SBP by 12.9%, DBP by 14%, and HR by 12.5% was found. This is different from the work conducted in 2012 by Chirag et al. [10], which showed a reduction in hemodynamic parameters by 6–9% in comparison with the control group. This may be attributed to the difference in the category of patients in our study, as it was conducted on morbidly obese patients. Reduction in hemodynamic parameters during induction of anesthesia with the use of dexmedetomidine was related to attenuation of the stress response effect of intubation by decreasing the central sympatholytic outflow with reduction in serum epinephrine and norepinephrine levels. This is in agreement with several earlier studies [17],[18]. The results of Tanskane et al. [19] were different from the results of the present study, as they detected a significant increase in hemodynamic parameters after intubation, with no significant difference between the control and dexmedetomidine groups. However, this may be attributed to the use of dexmedetomidine in two concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 μg/kg/h without loading dose.
The use of entropy to evaluate the depth of anesthesia in our study gave a reliable indicator about the requirements of the inhalational agent with accurate adjustment of desflurane to keep adequate depth of anesthesia. Because of the sympatholytic action of dexmedetomidine that decreases HR and BP, dependence on hemodynamic parameters to evaluate the depth of anesthesia would be unreliable. Entropy was used to assess the depth of anesthesia by increasing and decreasing the sevoflurane concentration in several previous studies [20],[21]. Entropy is based on processing a raw electroencephalogram and facial electromyogram signals by using entropy algorithm [22]. Response entropy is sensitive to activation of facial muscles due to painful stimulus that can be interpreted as inadequate analgesia, whereas state entropy indicates depth of hypnosis [23]. Display of RE range from 0 to 100 and that of SE from 0 to 91, and values of SE is always lower than or equal to RE. In the present study, the use of dexmedetomidine guided by entropy allowed us to detect a reduction in desflurane requirements and fentanyl consumption, which runs with several previous studies [9],[10],[11].
The use of dexmedetomidine in group II in the present study was associated with a reduction in fentanyl consumption by 45.3% during the intraoperative period and during the first 2 h in the postoperative period, with lower pain scores in comparison with group I, which supported the results of previous works [6],[16]. There was no significant difference between the two study groups as regards the extubation time. This is in agreement with the work of Poonam et al. [13]. Extubation time in the work of Bakhamees et al. [16] was 5.1±0.7 min with the use of dexmedetomidine, which is significantly different from that in our work (7.8±1.5 min). This may be attributed to the difference in the design of the study by Bakhamees, as they used propofol infusion instead of the inhalational anesthetic for maintenance of anesthesia.
In conclusion, the use of dexmedetomidine as preanesthetic medication and then as an infusion during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at a dose of 1 μg/kg, intravenous, loading, followed by infusion at a dose of 0.5 μg/kg/h throughout the operation, reduces the desflurane consumption, maintains hemodynamic stability due to attenuation of stress response, and reduces fentanyl requirements during intraoperative and early postoperative period, by decreasing the risk for respiratory depression in the PACU for morbidly obese patients, who are at great risk for obstructive sleep apnea and oxygen desaturation.
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[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5]
Elnaghy KM
Nasr IA
desflurane
dexmedetomidine
laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
morbidly obese
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Online since 1st Jan, 2014


Julian Troche, 24, was ordered held without bail today on charges he fatally shot Andrew Flonory at a party on Astoria Street in Mattapan on June 18, the Suffolk County District Attorney's office reports.
Flonory, who had survived a 2010 murder attempt, was the brother of Eyanna Louise Flonory, who, along with her young son, Amanihotep Smith, was shot to death in the 2010 Mattapan Massacre.
Boston Police report the BPD fugitive unit and SWAT team apprehended Troche as he sat in a car on Burbank Street in the Fenway Wednesday morning.
There had been a large party on Astoria Street that night, which the victims were approaching when a man produced a firearm and pointed it at them. This man - later identified as Troche - fired repeatedly at them from inside a fence at the location of the party, killing Flonory and wounding [another man].
The evidence gathered by investigators included shell casings, projectiles, witness statements identifying Troche as the man who fired at Flonory, and cell phone records that show Troche in the immediate vicinity of the crime scene at the time of the homicide.


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Essay Service Examples Literature Lord of The Flies
Theme Of Survival In The Lord Of The Flies And The Maze Runner
Topics: Lord of The Flies
In order to survive as a human being, one must have the five basic needs to self-actualisation as theorized by humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow; these are needs such as food and water, safety, belonging and esteem. (Heise, 2014) With this in mind, it is important to not only consider the purpose of society but also the need that creating a society fills in multiple survival situations. Importantly, society is often defined as a group of people working together in order to ensure survival. For instance, in William Golding's The Lord of the Flies and Wes Balls The Maze Runner each individual society is constructed in order to ensure survival in crisis situations. Firstly, as both texts present a context of isolation with limited resources, this highlights the need to divide into skill centred groups to ensure survival. Moreover, it is that same dangerous setting which causes the influence of fear and as such provides the motive behind constructing society to ensure safety. Overall however, it can be seen that society acts as a means to provide order, in so much as the deterioration of power structures leads to dire consequences. By understanding how each society is constructed, from group co-operation to the need for hierarchy and leadership, we are able to understand whether or not that society can be deemed as successful in the end.
Firstly, societies depend on the organisation of people into separate groups in order to provide the basic needs which ensure survival. The society in Lord of The Flies establishes order so that they can reach the five needs of self actualization and ultimately, to survive. The characters in Lord of The Flies decide to have a meeting to determine how they will construct their society, ultimately deciding to split into groups. There are the hunters – provide physiological needs, gatherers and builders – provide shelter and fire guards who provide hope. For instance, Jack highlights the need for division based on skill when he suggests that, "All the same you need an army – for hunting. Hunting pigs" (Golding, 2012 pg 43). Here, this quote exaggerates Jacks demand for them to construct a society in order to ensure food which is a major prerequisite for survival. Golding has done this in order to amplify the idea of how the division of skills is vital as full cooperation and communication is required in order to ensure survival. Another moment which conveys the concept of how cooperation and shared skill to provide food ensures survival is when Ralph says, "We need hunters to get us meat." (Golding, 2012 pg 43). This quote further highlights the significance of teamwork in the formation of society and the value of food in the boys' situation. Similarly, the society in The Maze Runner also institutes a system based on shared labour which is beneficial for all characters and is successful and very effective. (Snape, 2014) The Maze Runner has formed a system of society which is very efficient, creating groups such as the runners, builders, slicers and the med-jacks. In this way, the work within the glade is divided in order to provide shelter and food for all, with an emphasis on fulfilling one's role. For instance, one of the leaders of the glade, Alby states "First, do your part. No time for any freeloaders" (Oppenheim, 2014) thus meaning that in order to function a civilization everyone must cooperate and thereby ensure fairness amongst the labour forces. Furthermore, Ball presents the importance of coexistence as Alby continues the introduction of the maze to Thomas saying "Second, never harm another Glader. None of this works unless we have trust." (Oppenheim, 2014) This quote highlights the importance of trust and everyone working together as one so that all characters can stay alive. Above all, in both texts the basic construction of society is shown to require the creation of separate groups in order to effectively divide labour, therefore providing essential food and shelter necessary to ensure survival.
Overall, society is constructed out of necessity as the influence of fear and perceived danger creates the need for individuals to find safety in numbers. In Lord of The Flies, all the characters decide to stay together as one group as a means of maintaining safety and security from outside forces. In so much as, Golding utilises "the beast" (Golding, 2012 pg 46) as a symbol of fear which propels the boys to form a mob in the interest of survival. Importantly, the incident involving the death of Simon is a prime example of the means the boys resorted to in order to preserve themselves. As Simon approaches the group on the beach, the "solitary and reclusive" (Oliver, 2015) figure is contrasted against the mob and ultimately viewed as a threat. In this way, the mob frenzy overcomes the boys and ultimately leads to Simon's death, "a murder" (Golding, 2012) which represents the loss of civility. Moreover, the fear and exhilaration exhibited in the chant "kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!" (Golding, 2012 pg 188) highlights the violence that the boys, led by Jack, resorted to in order to preserve their own safety. (Sparknotes, 2019) Similarity, in The Maze Runner Ball depicts strict rules the Gladers implement in order to maintain the safety of the group, as anyone of the Gladers who is perceived as a threat to safety is ceremoniously exiled. As the "The maze is a dangerous place, (Oppenheim, 2014) the fear caused by the Grievers is similar to the perceived fear of the beast in Lord of the Flies, (Snape, 2014) as it creates a need for the Gladers to solidify themselves against the outside world. For instance, in the case of the exile of Ben the Maze itself is used as a means of exterminating any individual who may be seen as a threat to the greater community. As the Gladers use the "poles" and are ordered to "push him in" to the maze the need for self-preservation in a mob mentality is highlighted, as everyone knows that "no one survives a night in the maze".(Oppenheim, 2014) With these examples in mind, it is clear that Golding and Ball highlights the concept that the benefit of the majority outweighs the benefit of the individual in order to maintain survival in the two isolated societies.
The societies in both texts establishes their own hierarchical structure in order to function successfully and provide order, however the consequences of leadership struggles force society into disarray with often dire consequences. The character of Ralph is picked as leader due to the rest of the children's stereotype of an ideal leader, and Ralph fit the physical attributes, however he is not the most knowledgeable. From the beginning of the narrative, the island society in Lord of the Flies is constructed around the use of the "conch", (Golding, 2012) which originally gathers them all to an assembly and from then on acts as a symbol for democracy and civility. However, towards the end of the book the conch "exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist." (Golding, 2012 pg 222) This symbolizes the fall and destruction of the society in Lord of The Flies, as everyone is out of control and violence and savagery has claimed them. Moreover, Golding illuminates the means of gaining power through manipulation of fear and basic needs for survival through the characterisation of Jack, who influences the rest of the boys into serving under his leadership. Indeed, Jack is shown as enacting his superiority over the other leaders Ralph and Piggy as he claims, "I painted my face-I stole up. Now you eat -all of you." (Golding, 2012 pg 93) Ultimately, Jack's manipulation of the boys leads to the savagery and demise of civil society, which is understood through Piggy's death. Likewise, in The Maze Runner a power struggle ensures when the group of Gladers leaves the original society under the guidance of Thomas. While the character Gally tries to maintain power through the manipulation of fear as he claims "free? You think we're free out there?… I belong to the maze, we all do". (Oppenheim, 2014) In this way his struggle for ascendency over Thomas also has dire consequences as it leads to the death of Chuck, (Adan, 2014) who holds a similar position in society as Piggy in Lord of the Flies. Overall, in both texts Golding and Ball highlight the loss of order when power struggles ensure, which in turn presents a commentary on the flaws of the hierarchical structure of society and how it often falls victim to people's ambition.
Theme Of Survival In The Lord Of The Flies And The Maze Runner. (2022, Jun 09). Edubirdie. Retrieved January 31, 2023, from https://edubirdie.com/examples/theme-of-survival-in-the-lord-of-the-flies-and-the-maze-runner/
"Theme Of Survival In The Lord Of The Flies And The Maze Runner." Edubirdie, 09 Jun. 2022, edubirdie.com/examples/theme-of-survival-in-the-lord-of-the-flies-and-the-maze-runner/
Theme Of Survival In The Lord Of The Flies And The Maze Runner. [online]. Available at: <https://edubirdie.com/examples/theme-of-survival-in-the-lord-of-the-flies-and-the-maze-runner/> [Accessed 31 Jan. 2023].
Theme Of Survival In The Lord Of The Flies And The Maze Runner [Internet]. Edubirdie. 2022 Jun 09 [cited 2023 Jan 31]. Available from: https://edubirdie.com/examples/theme-of-survival-in-the-lord-of-the-flies-and-the-maze-runner/
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Lord Of The Flies Characters By William Golding: Description And Significance
To begin, William Golding portrays Jack as being very evil in the novel in several ways. Jack is very rude and disrespectful to most of the boys on the island. Jack is described by Willam Golding as tall, thin, and bony, his hair is red,...
Civilization Vs Savagery In Lord Of The Flies
Lord of the Flies is a dystopian allegorical novel written by William Golding in 1954. It is both Golding's first and most recognized novel, it went on to become a best-seller and it was even adapted into films in 1963 and 1990. Lord of the...
Chaos And Authority In Lord Of The Flies By William Golding
Authority and chaos seem like polar opposites. When people think of absolute authority, they often picture Stalin's firm grip, or big brothers' ever-watching eye, keeping people in lockstep, people checking their own language in order to stay safe. Chaos seems incompatible with this extreme conformity;...
Lord Of The Flies By William Golding: Two Opposing Impulses Of All Human Beings
Lord of the Flies is a historical yet fictional novel written by Nobel Prize award-winning author William Golding. It is a symbolic novel that was inspired by and influenced by Golding's experiences as an active member of the Royal Navy during World War 2. The...
Human Nature In Lord Of The Flies By William Golding
What really separates us from animals as human beings? The need for civility, being controlled by fear and power is instilled in the fundamentals of our instincts. William Golding's 1954 novel, Lord of the Flies explores these themes through the fictional story of a group...
Lord Of The Flies By William Golding: What Makes A Good Civilisation
A civilization is basically the stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced. Civilization has been around for almost forever. Civilization can be represented in many ways; from having a first agreement to having a government, laws, and leaders....
Symbolism In Lord Of The Flies By William Golding
What does symbolism add to the literature? Symbolism is a literary device used to express something in an indirect way. William Golding's Lord of the Flies is an example of literature that uses symbolism frequently. Lord of the Flies narrates the story of a group...
Evil Is Naturally Within Man: A Clockwork Orange, Milgram Experiment, Ted Bundy And The Lord Of The Flies
Problem of Evil
Ted Bundy
There is a question that has been going around for years. The question is whether man is born good or evil. One movie that portrays man is inherently evil is "A Clockwork Orange" by Stanley Kubrick. The movie is about the boy who rapes and...
The Concept Of Fear In Lord Of The Flies
"The thing is – fear can't hurt you any more than a dream." (90) A human's fears should not be taken lightly. Fear could do anything to a person's mind, even without fear a man can become as savage as an animal. Fear can haunt...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The 1991 Rice Owls football team was an American football team that represented Rice University in the Southwest Conference during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their third year under head coach Fred Goldsmith, the team compiled a 4–7 record.

Schedule

References

Rice
Rice Owls football seasons
Rice Owls football

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


There are many schools in Barcelona and you can find many schools guides in Internet. But If you don't want to waste your valuable time on reading and understanding the difference between public, private and international schools, comparing the educational systems and calling to every school to know which one has a place available for your child, then you just hire our Personal Assistant who will understand your situation and in no time will enrol your child to the school that meets your family needs the most.
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text:
Welcome to the Kaufman County Historical Commission, located at 3003 S. Washington St. in Kaufman, Texas. Contact us by using the form on the Contact page or by the other contact information listed.
Browse our site to learn about the history of Kaufman County and its residents. We are adding new material frequently, so return often to see the latest.
In 1956, the Texas Legislature mandated that each county commissioners court appoint a historical survey committee. The county historical survey committees were to be affiliated with the Texas State Historical Survey Committee (The name changed to the Texas Historical Commission in the 1970s.). According to the Texas Local Government Code, a county commissioners court "may appoint a county historical commission for the purpose of initiating and conducting programs suggested by the commissioners court and the Texas Historical Commission for the preservation of the historical heritage of the county".
By statue, county historical commissions are required to maintain a continuing survey of the county historical sites, structures and memorabilia. With approval and financial support from the county judges and commissioners they may operate museums, publish county histories, prepare grant applications, designate special areas of historic interest, and promote area historic sites for tourist and residents alike.


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Founder Feature: Kwame Boler
Meet Kwame Boler (he/him). He's a serial entrepreneur seeking to positively disrupt the cleaning industry and he's the Co-Founder & CEO of Spritz. We interviewed Kwame to learn more about what inspired him to start Spritz, his biggest learning opportunities, and his advice to new founders.
Kwame Boler, Spritz Co-Founder & CEO.
Tell us about your startup:
Spritz helps house cleaners automate and grow their business.
We remove operational inefficiencies so that house cleaners can focus on their job: cleaning houses! Our platform makes it easier for cleaners to price services, increase bookings, and improve client relationships. This saves customers 16+ hours a month, empowers them to make data-driven decisions, and doubles their earnings.
What inspired you to start this startup?
Our janitorial journey began 7 years ago when I struggled to find a cleaning company to support a vacation rental business. The lack of an adequate solution drove me to later co-found Tidy, LLC in 2016 – a tech-enabled cleaning company servicing Seattle vacation rentals. Tidy enabled me to develop vital industry insights, and in 2017, another team member and I pivoted to co-found neu – an uber for Airbnb cleaning. In 2018, my other co-founder, Claudius Mbemba, joined shortly after, and we bootstrapped the company to success. Then, while participating in the 2020 Techstars Seattle accelerator, neu was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the challenges, we persevered, secured their first institutional round, and scaled operations into a second city. Post-pandemic tailwinds stimulated growth, and with high inbound demand, neu was growing aggressively. However, growth was painful; while capital efficient, the business model was cash-intensive and required additional resources to sustain growth long-term. However, we saw a viable opportunity and path forward when evaluating our options.
While building neu, we learned firsthand that systemic barriers prevented the majority of housekeepers from successfully running their businesses and that the competitive landscape lacked a viable solution to best support them. By pivoting, we could capture a larger market opportunity, remove growth limitations, create more impact with less effort, and leverage their deep industry domain expertise as an unfair advantage. So earlier this year, we launched Spritz — a back-office, business-in-a-box for residential cleaners. After a few short months of the pre-launch of Spritz, we've seen 145% M-o-M growth on the customer waitlist and averaged 65+ signups per day in October alone, with unsolicited features on Forbes and Geekwire.
What ONE thing would help you out the most with moving your startup to the next step?
We'd love to partner with organizations like the National Domestic Workers Alliance as we're mutually aligned in positively disrupting the cleaning industry.
Spritz Co-Founders, Claudius & Kwame.
What's one thing you wish you knew before starting your startup?
With neu, we learned how important it is to involve customers in product development. Our first instinct was to build from intuition and 1st-hand experience; while we were often spot-on, we weren't always right and this would result in inefficiencies and rework while developing the product. Leveraging customer interviews, surveys, focus groups, and data-driven feedback loops were critical to our success with Spritz.
What was your biggest mistake (aka learning opportunity) when you VERY first started?
One learning opportunity was introducing metrics and key performance indicators in a digestible way for our entire organization. As a data-driven company, our leadership was aligned with the goals and outputs; however, once we introduced a dashboard and incorporated growth discussions paired with visualizations into our daily stand-ups, our growth sky-rocked, and the team became best aligned.
What impact on your community are you hoping that your startup has?
With the SpritzDAO, the concept of being seen and valued as an owner is powerful — we anticipate that, similar to Squire, the psychological impact will influence mutually aligned decision-making, reinforce allyship, increase growth, and reduce churn. Most importantly, we believe our success will establish a precedent that will have a ripple effect resulting in mass adoption within the industry. This will disrupt not only cleaning and janitorial but all service-based platforms and redefine what it means to be a customer-first company.
Kwame speaking at the 2022 FIESTA Conference (an Austin, TX tech conference)
Name your biggest motivator/inspiration to continue doing the work that you do.
It's a tie; my team and our customers. I'm in awe of how incredible each of my team members are. We're extremely fortunate to work with some of the best and brightest — all of whom are extremely motivated to bring our vision into reality. Our customers are our lifeline; without them, we could not exist. As a socially conscious capitalist, it brings me extreme joy to know that we're creating something that adds value to their daily lives with healthy unit economics.
One piece of advice that you would give to a budding tech startup entrepreneur.
Treat this experience like a marathon and not a sprint. Many founders over-exert themselves under the impression that it will enable them to clear the finish line faster — however, it often takes twice as long and can cost three times more than anticipated. Plus, when you move too fast, you tend not to enjoy the ride or appreciate the moments along the way.
Anything else that you'd like to share with the Find Ventures and tech startup community?
We've kicked off product development! After spending months conducting a ton of customer discovery, we're excited to be building our product and will be conducting a private beta soon. This is huge for us as focus groups and product reviews are validating that all of our hard efforts are soon to pay off.
You can connect with Kwame on LinkedIn and keep up with Spritz on socials: Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, TikTok, Twitter, and YouTube.
If you'd like to learn more about ways you can get involved with us at Find Ventures, visit our Get Involved page to connect, join our community, and to continue getting regular updates.


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I clean all of my hard surfaces of my house with sweet orange essential oil so my scent-association with the aroma is clean. It is the 'wonder' essential oil of the cleaning world due to the high content of limonene. Since sweet orange is so inexpensive, it also makes a great essential oil to blend with because it is good for your bottom line, smells great, and blends even better.


The first time most people (around 80% to be precise) deal with acne is during puberty, but for many adults they find themselves dealing with it in one form or another in adulthood, as well. Acne can appear on the back, buttocks and shoulders, but it's most problematic when on the face. It can cause lifetime scarring, when severe. Often, women can find themselves dealing with bouts of acne during menstruation or when pregnant. And stress can produce acne in anyone.
The presentation of acne is believed to be caused by hormonal changes that affect the skin's sebaceous glands. Everyone has these glands, which secrete sebum, an oily substance that protects the skin. During puberty, rising testosterone levels can cause too much sebum production in both boys and girls. Too much sebum can clog hair follicles. Add normal shedding of dead skin cells to the blockage, and bacteria are given an ideal breeding spot, hence, inflammation occurs just beneath the skin. Inflammatory acne is a condition accompanied by red and swollen skin, and without treatment, will produce scarring, although all forms can lead to scarring if picked at or squeezed. Diagnoses are generally placed in one of four categories: blackheads, whiteheads, pustules and nodules.
First, acne will not respond well to vigorous scrubbing or exfoliation methods. These will only irritate and worsen the condition. Think mild, gentle cleansing, followed by oil-free moisturizing. Contrary to the public misconception that acne-sufferers just need to employ better hygiene, you're either going to get it, or you aren't. In fact, over-cleaning is to be avoided. Makeup itself does not cause acne, unless it's oil based, but skin touching can. Always wash your hands prior to applying makeup AND wash your face before bed. While eating healthily is always recommended, there is no evidence to support a connection between any particular food consumption and acne.
The good news is that most acne will disappear on its own, but it can take years. Not all over the counter (OTC) remedies are equal. Ask your pharmacist to recommend one. Any benefit from these could take time, so patience is important. When OTC products fail, your general practitioner can assess your acne and advise you of options and contraindications. Current methods found to be effective in treating mild to moderate acne include retinoids, oral of topically-applied antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid. Estrogen in the form of birth control pills has been used for acne treatment in women. Your GP may refer you to a dermatologist, who works with stronger medications, and there may be a light and laser therapy provider in your area, which many claim to be effective in treating acne.


For all of us, there are times in our lives when the spinning wheel of fortune lands on "bad things." We face tragedy, heartbreak, loss, rejection, disappointment—challenges the likes of which we never faced before. But somehow, we not only survive these challenges, we usually come out stronger and wiser than before.
Then, when we're in the clear, and breathing a sigh of relief, we asked ourselves where we found the courage and perseverance to get through our troubles. But deep down we already know that answer. If we take a moment to reflect, we know that everything we are—all the love, strength and resilience that we have inside—we got from our mothers.
That's not to say we don't have many teachers throughout our lives—and for many of us our fathers are pillars of strength and stability, loving men who teach us what it means to take on responsibility. But it is we, as mothers, who first hold our children in our arms. We are there in their first moments of life—nurturing and teaching them—leaving an indelible imprint on their lives. As mothers, we teach our children what it is to love unconditionally because they know we always have their backs.
Not everyone is lucky enough to have a mother who molds and teaches them through the formative years of life. That was the case in my own life, but I was nonetheless blessed as a small child growing up in the projects of St. Louis, because I had two strong women in my life who filled the void when my own mother couldn't be there for me.
My godmother, Ethel, wasn't highly educated or overly sophisticated. And yet she not only served as the matriarch of my family, but was someone the entire neighborhood looked up to for help and advice. Ethel worked as a janitor, and to support herself she cleaned houses in the daytime and then pulled double duty and cleaned offices at night. In the evening, I would tag along with her as she traveled to the wealthy suburbs outside of St. Louis. We would go inside big law firms, and big accounting firms, and I would help her sweep floors, empty trashcans and vacuum carpets. From up close, I saw her work with pride and humility.
My grandmother, Doveanne, influenced my life in a different way. Unlike my Godmother Ethel, who worked from sunup to sundown and had a very pragmatic view of life, Doveanne was more of a dreamer. She was a high school graduate, and at one point worked as a medical clerk assistant until a tragic incident left her a paraplegic, confined to a wheelchair. But that didn't stop her from imagining a different life for me, one outside of that housing project.
They sacrificed and saved enough money so that I could attend an elite private girls' school. And with the lessons they taught me about perseverance and hard work, I was able to earn a scholarship to the University of Chicago, which in turn led to me being accepted to Harvard Law School.
As I was growing up, I wasn't always aware of the lessons I was learning from Dovanne and Ethel, but these two incredible women—even if they didn't know it—were preparing me for the biggest challenge of my life: my third child, Marty's autism diagnosis. It absolutely devastated me. Like most parents, I'd dreamed of a life of endless possibilities for my son. Maybe he'd become the CEO of a Fortune 500 company, or a distinguished archeology professor, galivanting around the globe like Indiana Jones; or perhaps he'd even become President of the United States. But with an autism diagnosis, I had to reexamine the dreams I had for my son. His life was going to be very different from the one I had imagined. The same was now true about my own life.
Marty was not only going to require specialized care, but seeing to his care was going to require a huge commitment of time and require specialized knowledge that even as a lawyer, I didn't have. Overnight, the life I'd carefully planned for my son and me had been turned upside down.
And I was not alone in my dilemma. A survey by the Center for Disease Control shows that autism is the fastest growing developmental disability in the United States, with 1 in 68 children born in America diagnosed with the disorder.
This means that like me, tens of thousands of families each year suddenly find themselves thrown into a whole new world of specialized medical and therapy appointments, special schools and curriculum; it all can be so overwhelming that many parents struggle to keep their jobs while managing their child's health and educational needs.
Many dads try their best to help out, but from my personal experience, it's the mom who becomes the de facto chauffer, case manager and therapist. As mothers, most of us understand that forgoing comforts and indulgences for the sake of our children is part of the bargain, but having a special needs child can require extreme sacrifices. I've known moms who've quit their jobs, forgone self-care, friendships, romantic relationship—all of which can take an enormous physical and emotional toll.
Mothers who try to keep their careers going are often judged harshly by family members and peers, some of whom think a woman should give up everything for the sake of her child. This often leads to feelings of guilt and depression, which in turn can result in weight gain, hair loss and anxiety disorder.
In my own life, I constantly worried about Marty's future and whether I was doing enough, and doing it fast enough. The pressure I was feeling to do it all was enormous and crushing, and being a lawyer and having a supportive husband and family, I was in a much better position to handle the situation than most. And yet, I was still struggling to handle Marty's diagnosis and care.
In the end, the thing that saved me—the thing that got me through—were the life lessons I learned from Ethel and Doveanne. I still had that work ethic, and I still had the perseverance and determination they instilled in me.
I resolved to make the best life possible for my son no matter what! I educated myself on all there was to know about autism, and I went on a quest to find Marty the best medical and health care possible. I also found him the best specialists and teachers in Los Angeles. It wasn't easy and there were setbacks along the way, but eventually I mastered Los Angeles' nightmarish healthcare and educational maze.
I started a nonprofit, Special Needs Network, Inc. which has provided resources to over 40,000 parents, I wrote a book on advocacy and use my platform as a TV commentator and host to raise awareness of autism.
Today, my son Marty is a handsome teen who is leading a full and productive life. I couldn't love him more or be prouder of the person he has become.
They say that experience is the best teacher. And if there's anything that I've learned from my experience with my son Marty, if there's anything I would say to a woman who now finds herself in my shoes, it would be don't be too hard on yourself. Don't expect to have all the answers right away, and don't feel guilty about still living your own life and striving to achieve your goals.
Pursuing your own dreams—taking time for yourself—doesn't make you less caring or a bad mother. It makes you a healthy, happy normal human being.
Areva Martin, Esq is a multi-award winning attorney and on-air legal analyst for cable and network television. She is a CNN contributor and a regular contributor on Good Morning America, ABC World News and Dr. Phil. A recurring co-host on the Emmy award-winning daytime talk show, The Doctors, Areva is a nationally recognized autism and children's rights advocate. She is the founder and President of a non-profit organization, Special Needs Network, Inc., California's premier autism advocacy organization.
Areva has been appointed and has played leadership roles in almost every California legislative committee on autism and the special needs community. Under her leadership, Special Needs Network has provided services to over 40,000 families and was one of the lead organizations on key legislation that provides for increased services for individuals on the spectrum, including California's insurance laws that mandate coverage for autism therapies. Areva has raised millions of dollars for autism related causes and has written over 200 articles for print and online autism and health related publications. Her book, The Everyday Advocate: Standing Up for Your Child with Autism and Other Special Needs (Penguin 2011) soared to the top of Amazon's best sellers' list upon release and has become a must read for parents, advocates and caregivers.
A graduate with honors from Harvard Law School and the University of Chicago, she is the founding and managing partner at Martin & Martin, LLP, one of LA's premiere female and African American owned law firms. Areva has been consistently identified as one of LA's top attorneys including being selected as a Southern California Super Lawyer every year since 2014, a distinction reserved for the top five percent of the attorneys in the state. Areva is the recipient of countless awards including L'Oreal Paris' Women of Worth; Los Angeles County Women of the Year; Ford's Living Legend; the James Irvine Foundation Leadership Award; and Union Bank's Neighborhood Hero.
Areva lives in Los Angeles with her husband, two daughters and son, who is on the autism spectrum. A lover of all things social media, she is a runner with a passion for 10k races. Her third book, Make it Rain (Hachette 2018) comes out in March of next year, and this Spring, you can check Areva out on Fox's new fast paced legal show, We the Jury.
Areva Martin is one of the nation's leading voices in the media. An attorney, legal and social issues commentator, and talk show host, she is an audience favorite on a long list of talk and news shows on CNN, ABC and Fox. With regular appearances on Good Morning America and Dr.Phil, Areva is also a cohost on the Emmy Award-winning daytime syndicated talk show The Doctors. A Harvard Law School graduate, Areva is the founding partner of Martin & Martin, LLP. She represents clients in high-stakes civil and disability rights and employment litigation. She has been identified as a Southern California Super Lawyer for the last three years. Recognized as one of the nation's leading autism and children's rights advocates, she is the founder of Special Needs Network, Inc. and the author of an Amazon best-selling book, The Everyday Advocate: Standing Up for Your Child with Autism and Other Special Needs (Penguin 2010).


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Piers' lacrosse stats have been updated for the win vs. Christchurch School.
RESULTWin Boys varsity lacrosse vs. Christchurch School.
The North Cross varsity lacrosse team won Tuesday's neutral non-conference game against Christchurch School (Christchurch, VA) in overtime by a score of 11-10.
Piers' lacrosse stats have been updated for the win vs. Highland.
RESULTWin Boys varsity lacrosse vs. Highland.
The North Cross varsity lacrosse team won Thursday's home non-conference game against Highland (Warrenton, VA) by a score of 17-2.
RESULTWin Boys varsity lacrosse vs. Covenant.
The North Cross varsity lacrosse team won Tuesday's home conference game against Covenant (Charlottesville, VA) by a score of 21-3.
Piers' lacrosse stats have been updated for the loss @ Blue Ridge.
RESULTLoss Boys varsity lacrosse @ Blue Ridge.
The North Cross varsity lacrosse team lost Thursday's away conference game against Blue Ridge (St. George, VA) by a score of 12-9.
Piers' lacrosse stats have been updated for the win vs. Fishburne Military.
RESULTWin Boys varsity lacrosse vs. Fishburne Military.
The North Cross varsity lacrosse team won Tuesday's home conference game against Fishburne Military (Waynesboro, VA) by a score of 21-0.
Piers' lacrosse stats have been updated for the win vs. Jefferson Forest.
RESULTWin Boys varsity lacrosse vs. Jefferson Forest.
The North Cross varsity lacrosse team won Friday's home non-conference game against Jefferson Forest (Forest, VA) by a score of 14-8.
Piers' lacrosse stats have been updated for the win @ Virginia Episcopal School.
RESULTWin Boys varsity lacrosse @ VES.
The North Cross varsity lacrosse team won Wednesday's away conference game against Virginia Episcopal School (Lynchburg, VA) by a score of 11-9.
Piers' lacrosse stats have been updated for the win @ Woodberry Forest.
The North Cross varsity lacrosse team won Tuesday's away non-conference game against Woodberry Forest (VA) by a score of 8-7.
Piers' lacrosse stats have been updated for the win vs. Nansemond-Suffolk Academy.
RESULTWin Boys varsity lacrosse vs. NSA.
The North Cross varsity lacrosse team won Saturday's neutral non-conference game against Nansemond-Suffolk Academy (Suffolk, VA) by a score of 12-5.
Piers' lacrosse stats have been updated for the win @ Hargrave Military Academy.
RESULTWin Boys varsity lacrosse @ HMA.
The North Cross varsity lacrosse team won Tuesday's away conference game against Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, VA) by a score of 19-2.


In a game of whack-a-mole, a Taliban app banned by Google became available on Amazon.
The app, called "Voice of Jihad," lets people keep up with the latest Taliban news, videos and updates.
Amazon eventually removed the app Thursday.
"All apps in the Amazon Appstore must adhere to our content guidelines and the app in question is no longer available from our store," Amazon said in a statement.
The version on Amazon (AMZN) was in English. On Monday, Google removed a Pashto version of the app from its Play store.
Amazon's app store provides an alternate way for people to download apps for Android smartphones. Though most of the apps on Google Play and the Amazon app store are the same, Amazon offers a small handful of apps that have been banned by Google (GOOGL).
In case Amazon (AMZN) removes "Voice of Jihad," the Taliban released the app file on Twitter. That will allow any Android phone owner to simply load it directly.
The Taliban app was first discovered on Friday by SITE Intel Group, a website devoted to tracking jihadists online. The propaganda product was removed from Google's app store a short time later.


text:
package ibmmq

/*

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <cmqc.h>

*/
import "C"
import "bytes"

/*
MQGMO is a structure containing the MQ Get Message Options (MQGMO)
*/
type MQGMO struct {
	Version        int32
	Options        int32
	WaitInterval   int32
	Signal1        int32
	Signal2        int32
	ResolvedQName  string
	MatchOptions   int32
	GroupStatus    rune
	SegmentStatus  rune
	Segmentation   rune
	Reserved1      rune
	MsgToken       []byte
	ReturnedLength int32
	Reserved2      int32
	MsgHandle      MQMessageHandle
}

/*
NewMQGMO fills in default values for the MQGMO structure
*/
func NewMQGMO() *MQGMO {

	gmo := new(MQGMO)
	gmo.Version = int32(C.MQGMO_VERSION_1)
	gmo.Options = int32(C.MQGMO_NO_WAIT + C.MQGMO_PROPERTIES_AS_Q_DEF)
	gmo.WaitInterval = int32(C.MQWI_UNLIMITED)
	gmo.Signal1 = 0
	gmo.Signal2 = 0
	gmo.ResolvedQName = ""
	gmo.MatchOptions = int32(C.MQMO_MATCH_MSG_ID + C.MQMO_MATCH_CORREL_ID)
	gmo.GroupStatus = rune(C.MQGS_NOT_IN_GROUP)
	gmo.SegmentStatus = rune(C.MQSS_NOT_A_SEGMENT)
	gmo.Segmentation = rune(C.MQSEG_INHIBITED)
	gmo.Reserved1 = ' '
	gmo.MsgToken = bytes.Repeat([]byte{0}, C.MQ_MSG_TOKEN_LENGTH)
	gmo.ReturnedLength = int32(C.MQRL_UNDEFINED)
	gmo.Reserved2 = 0
	gmo.MsgHandle.hMsg = C.MQHM_NONE

	return gmo
}

func checkGMO(gogmo *MQGMO, verb string) error {
	mqrc := C.MQRC_NONE

	if len(gogmo.MsgToken) != C.MQ_MSG_TOKEN_LENGTH {
		mqrc = C.MQRC_GMO_ERROR
	}

	if mqrc != C.MQRC_NONE {
		mqreturn := MQReturn{MQCC: C.MQCC_FAILED,
			MQRC: int32(mqrc),
			verb: verb,
		}
		return &mqreturn
	}
	return nil
}

func copyGMOtoC(mqgmo *C.MQGMO, gogmo *MQGMO) {
	var i int

	setMQIString((*C.char)(&mqgmo.StrucId[0]), "GMO ", 4)
	mqgmo.Version = C.MQLONG(gogmo.Version)
	mqgmo.Options = C.MQLONG(gogmo.Options) | C.MQGMO_FAIL_IF_QUIESCING
	mqgmo.WaitInterval = C.MQLONG(gogmo.WaitInterval)
	mqgmo.Signal1 = C.MQLONG(gogmo.Signal1)
	mqgmo.Signal2 = C.MQLONG(gogmo.Signal2)
	setMQIString((*C.char)(&mqgmo.ResolvedQName[0]), gogmo.ResolvedQName, C.MQ_OBJECT_NAME_LENGTH)
	mqgmo.MatchOptions = C.MQLONG(gogmo.MatchOptions)
	mqgmo.GroupStatus = C.MQCHAR(gogmo.GroupStatus)
	mqgmo.SegmentStatus = C.MQCHAR(gogmo.SegmentStatus)
	mqgmo.Segmentation = C.MQCHAR(gogmo.Segmentation)
	mqgmo.Reserved1 = C.MQCHAR(gogmo.Reserved1)
	for i = 0; i < C.MQ_MSG_TOKEN_LENGTH; i++ {
		mqgmo.MsgToken[i] = C.MQBYTE(gogmo.MsgToken[i])
	}
	mqgmo.ReturnedLength = C.MQLONG(gogmo.ReturnedLength)
	mqgmo.Reserved2 = C.MQLONG(gogmo.Reserved2)
	if gogmo.MsgHandle.hMsg != C.MQHM_NONE {
		if mqgmo.Version < C.MQGMO_VERSION_4 {
			mqgmo.Version = C.MQGMO_VERSION_4
		}
		mqgmo.MsgHandle = gogmo.MsgHandle.hMsg
	}
	return
}

func copyGMOfromC(mqgmo *C.MQGMO, gogmo *MQGMO) {
	var i int

	gogmo.Version = int32(mqgmo.Version)
	gogmo.Options = int32(mqgmo.Options)
	gogmo.WaitInterval = int32(mqgmo.WaitInterval)
	gogmo.Signal1 = int32(mqgmo.Signal1)
	gogmo.Signal2 = int32(mqgmo.Signal2)
	gogmo.ResolvedQName = trimStringN((*C.char)(&mqgmo.ResolvedQName[0]), C.MQ_OBJECT_NAME_LENGTH)
	gogmo.MatchOptions = int32(mqgmo.MatchOptions)
	gogmo.GroupStatus = rune(mqgmo.GroupStatus)
	gogmo.SegmentStatus = rune(mqgmo.SegmentStatus)
	gogmo.Segmentation = rune(mqgmo.Segmentation)
	gogmo.Reserved1 = rune(mqgmo.Reserved1)
	for i = 0; i < C.MQ_MSG_TOKEN_LENGTH; i++ {
		gogmo.MsgToken[i] = (byte)(mqgmo.MsgToken[i])
	}
	gogmo.ReturnedLength = int32(mqgmo.ReturnedLength)
	gogmo.Reserved2 = int32(mqgmo.Reserved2)
	if mqgmo.Version >= C.MQGMO_VERSION_4 {
		gogmo.MsgHandle.hMsg = mqgmo.MsgHandle
	}
	return
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


It is made of high-quality silicone. It is easy to use, just putting down your ipad in the slot when watching movies, sleeping and so on.
The Apple iPad Apple Stand is yours for $7.82 from the Shenit.com website.


text:
Rafael del Pino
Executive and Proprietary. Executive Committee
Civil Engineer (Polytechnic University of Madrid, 1981). MBA (Sloan School of Management, MIT, 1986). Chairman of Ferrovial since 2000 and CEO since 1992. Chairman of Cintra from 1998 to 2009. Member of the MIT Corporation, IESE's International Advisory Board, the MIT Energy Initiative's External Advisory Board and the MIT Sloan European Advisory Board, and the Harvard Business School European Advisory Board. He is also a member of the Royal Academy of Engineering of Spain. He has been Director of Zurich Insurance Group, Banesto and Uralita.
VICE CHAIRMEN
Santiago Bergareche
External Director. Executive Committee and Appointments and Remunerations Committee
Degree in Economics and Law (Universidad Comercial de Deusto). 1st Vice-Chairman of Ferrovial and member of the Board of Directors since 1999. Joined Ferrovial in 1995 as Chairman of Agroman. In February 1999, after the merger of Ferrovial and Agroman, appointed CEO of Ferrovial. Chairman of Vocento; Vice-Chairman of Alantra Partners; Director of Maxam Corp Holding and Deusto Business School; Trustee of the Foundation Casa Ducal de Medinaceli. Former Managing Director of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA); Chairman of Metrovacesa and Cepsa.
Joaquín Ayuso
External Director. Executive Committee
Degree in Civil Engineering (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid). 2nd Vice-Chairman of Ferrovial and member of the Board of Directors since 2002. Chairman of the Board of Directors of Autopista del Sol. Joined Ferrovial in 1982. Managing Director of Construction since 1992, CEO of Ferrovial Agroman (1999-2002), CEO of Ferrovial (2002-2009), executive Vice-Chairman of Ferrovial (2009-2012) and Vice-Chairman of Cintra (2002-2009). Former Director of BAA (UK), Budimex (Poland) and 407 ETR (Canada). Director of Bankia, National Express Group (UK) and Hispania Activos Inmobiliarios. Member of the Advisory Boards of "Benjamin Franklin" Institute at the University of Alcalá de Henares, TRANSYT (Transport Investigation Center of the School of Civil Engineering) and A.T. Kearney for Spain, as well as the Board of Círculo de Empresarios.
Íñigo Meirás
Executive Director. Executive Committee
Degree in Law (Universidad Complutense de Madrid); MBA (IE Business School). CEO of Ferrovial since 2009. Joined Ferrovial in 1992; former Managing Director of Autopista del Sol and Director of Toll Roads at Cintra. CEO of Ferrovial Services from 2000 to 2007; later appointed CEO of Ferrovial Airports. Previously worked at Holcim Group and Carrefour Group.
Juan Arena
External Director. Audit and Control Committee
PhD in Industrial Engineering (ICAI), Degree in Business Administration (ICADE), Degree in Psychology, Diploma in Tax Studies and AMP (Harvard Business School). Director of Ferrovial since 2000. Director of Laboratorios Almirall and Meliá Hotels International; Chairman of the Advisory Board of Consulnor and the Professional Council of ESADE; member of the International Advisory Board of Everis and the Advisory Boards of Marsh and Panda; Director of Deusto Business School and member of the World Advisory Board of Harvard Business School; member of the Executive Committee of SERES Foundation and Chairman of its Governance Committee. Former CEO and Executive Chairman of Bankinter; Director of UBS Spain, TPI, Everis, Panda, Dinamia and Prisa; member of the Board of Trustees of ESADE and member of the Advisory Board of Spencer Stuart; professor in Harvard Business School and IESE.
María del Pino
External Proprietary Director. Executive Committee
Degree in Economics and Business Administration (Universidad Complutense de Madrid); Management Development Program (IESE). Director of Ferrovial since 2006. Chairman of the Rafael del Pino Foundation. Rotating Chairman / Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Casa Grande de Cartagena, S.L.U. Member of the Board of Trustees of the Princess of Asturias. Trustee of the Codespa Foundation. Former member of the Governing Board of the Asociación para el Progreso de la Dirección and trustee of the Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española contra el Cáncer.
Santiago Fernández Valbuena
External Independent Director. Appointments and Remunerations Committee and Audit and Control Committee
Degree in Economics (Universidad Complutense de Madrid); PhD and Master's Degree in Economics (Northeastern University, Boston). Director of Ferrovial since 2008. Vice-Chairman of EBN Banco de Negocios. Former Chairman of Telefónica Latinoamérica; Director and Chief Strategy, Finance and Corporate Development Officer at Telefónica; Managing Director of Société Générale Valores and Head of Equities at Beta Capital; Professor of Applied Economics at the Universidad Complutense and Professor at IE Business School.
José Fernando Sánchez-Junco
External Independent Director. Lead Director. Executive Committee and Appointments and Remunerations Committee
Degree in Industrial Engineering (Universidad Politécnica de Barcelona). ISMP Graduate at Harvard Business School. Member of the State Corps of Industrial Engineers. Director of Ferrovial since 2009. Director of Cintra from 2004 to 2009. Chairman and CEO of Maxam Group. Former Managing Director of Industrias Siderometalúrgicas y Navales and Managing Director of Industry at the Ministry of Industry and Energy.
Joaquín del Pino
External Proprietary Director
Degree in Economics and Business Administration; MBA (IESE). Director of Ferrovial since 2015 (and has represented the Director Karlovy, S.L. of Ferrovial since 2010, reelected in 2013). Rotating Chairman / Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Casa Grande de Cartagena, S.L.U.; legal representative of Soziancor, S.L.U., Chairman of the Board of Directors of Pactio Gestión, SGIIC, S.A.U.; and Trustee of the Rafael del Pino Foundation and the Plan España Foundation. Former Director of Banco Pastor.
Óscar Fanjul Martín
External Independent Director. Executive Committee and Audit and Control Committee
Professor of Economic Theory on leave of absence. Director of Ferrovial since 2015. Vice-Chairman of Omega Capital; Director of LafargeHolcim and Marsh & McLennan Companies; Trustee of the Foundation of Friends of the Prado Museum, of the Center for Monetary and Financial Studies, (Bank of Spain) and of the Aspen Institute (Spain). Former founding Chairman and CEO of Repsol; Chairman of Hidroeléctrica del Cantábrico; non-executive Chairman of NH Hoteles and Deoleo; Director of Acerinox, Unilever, BBVA, London Stock Exchange and Areva.
Philip Bowman
External Independent Director
Degree with honors in Natural Science (University of Cambridge); Master in Natural Science (University of Cambridge); Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales. Director of Ferrovial since 2016. Chairman of The Miller Home Group (UK) Ltd. and of Majid Al Futtaim Properties LLC; Senior Independent Director of Burberry Group; Director of Better Capital. Former Chairman of Coral Eurobet and Liberty; CEO of Smiths Group, Scottish Power and Allied Domecq; Director of Berry Bros. & Rudd, Scottish & Newcastle Group, Bass, British Sky Broadcasting Group and Coles Myer.
Santiago Ortiz Vaamonde
Spanish State Attorney; PhD in Law (Universidad Complutense de Madrid). General Counsel and Secretary of the Board of Directors of Ferrovial since 2009. Former partner at Cuatrecasas and Ramón y Cajal law firms, in charge of Trial Law and Public and Regulatory Law; Agent of the Kingdom of Spain before the Court of Justice of the European Union; professor at the Diplomatic School and the Carlos III University.


text:
search filter All ContentBy SocietyJournal of Sedimentary Research
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Research Article| August 01, 2013
Polygenetic History of Paleosols In Middle–Upper Pennsylvanian Cyclothems of the Illinois Basin, U.S.A.: Part I. Characterization Of Paleosol Types And Interpretation Of Pedogenic Processes
Nicholas A. Rosenau;
Nicholas A. Rosenau
Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, 3225 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0395, U.S.A.
e-mail: nrosenau@smu.edu
Neil J. Tabor;
Neil J. Tabor
Scott D. Elrick;
Scott D. Elrick
Illinois State Geological Survey, 615 East Peabody, Champaign, Illinois 61820, U.S.A.
W. John Nelson
Journal of Sedimentary Research (2013) 83 (8): 606–636.
https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2013.50
Nicholas A. Rosenau, Neil J. Tabor, Scott D. Elrick, W. John Nelson; Polygenetic History of Paleosols In Middle–Upper Pennsylvanian Cyclothems of the Illinois Basin, U.S.A.: Part I. Characterization Of Paleosol Types And Interpretation Of Pedogenic Processes. Journal of Sedimentary Research ; 83 (8): 606–636. doi: https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2013.50
The morphology, mineralogy, and stratigraphic and lateral distribution of paleosols in Pennsylvanian (Moscovian–Gzhelian; Atokan–Virgilian) mixed marine and terrestrial coal-bearing strata (i.e., cyclothems) in the Illinois basin (IB) are presented in order to determine the dominant pedogenic processes within a cyclic sedimentary depositional framework. Paleosol morphologies range from weakly developed horizons with evidence of rooting and little to no pedogenic structure, to horizons with well-developed pedogenic slickensides, angular blocky structure, and carbonate nodules and tubules. The majority of paleosols in strata from the basin interior preserve (1) low chroma (gley) colors, (2) identifiable fossil plant organic matter that increases in abundance upward in the profiles toward the interpreted paleo-surface, and (3) calcite, sphaerosiderite, and pyrite cements and nodules. In contrast, paleosols in strata from the northern margin of the basin display high chroma colors and calcite cements and less fossil organic matter, sphaerosiderite, and pyrite cements. These observations indicate that paleosols from the basin interior underwent a multi-phase pedogenic and shallow burial history characterized by an initial better-drained, oxygenated stage under seasonal precipitation, followed by a poorly drained, reducing stage, while paleosols from the northern margin of the basin experienced overall more oxygenated conditions throughout their pedogenic development. X-ray diffraction analysis of the < 2 µm size fraction of paleosol matrix in IB paleosols indicates a mineralogical composition dominated by kaolinite, randomly interstratified (R0) and ordered (R1) illite–smectite (I/S), and subordinate amounts of chlorite. These combined observational and mineralogical datasets indicate that significant changes in paleohydrology were largely responsible for the development of Pennsylvanian soil profiles in the IB.
Atokan
chemical ratios
clastic rocks
clay minerals
concretions
cyclothems
depositional environment
Gzhelian
illite
Middle Pennsylvanian
mineral composition
Moscovian
paleohydrology
paleosols
pedogenesis
Pennsylvanian
planar bedding structures
secondary structures
sedimentary rocks
sedimentary structures
smectite
terrestrial environment
Upper Pennsylvanian
Virgilian
X-ray diffraction data
Copyright © 2021 SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology


text:
Visual 'gist' helps us figure out where a crowd is looking
by Association for Psychological Science
Have you ever seen a crowd of people looking off into the distance, perhaps toward a passing biker or up to the top of a building? There's a good chance you looked there, too, instantly, even without paying attention to the individuals in the group. How can we tell where a crowd is looking with so little effort?
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Denver have discovered that we rely on a specialized visual process known as "ensemble coding" to perceive where a crowd is looking. Their new study shows that we are able to tell where a group of people is looking, even after just a fraction of a second, by perceiving the group as a single entity rather than a collection of individuals.
This is a photo of a crowd.The findings are published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.
"We see the group as an entity, the same way we see an entire tree without paying attention to the individual leaves," says psychology researcher Timothy Sweeny of the University of Denver. "This highlights the importance of group behavior in human experience – perceiving groups is so important that we have, in fact, evolved dedicated brain processes to perceive them."
Understanding where a group is looking can reveal useful, even vital, information to the viewer; previous research demonstrated that we are actually more responsive to the gaze of a crowd than the gaze of a single person.
"Imagine sitting in the stands at a baseball game. Out of the blue, a dozen people shift their gaze upward, right above your head. Your reaction to this information—is a foul ball headed your way?—will be different than if just one person looked over your head," Sweeny explains.
Sweeny and colleague David Whitney of the University of California, Berkeley wanted to investigate the mechanisms that contribute to this particular form of visual perception. Study participants viewed crowds of computer-generated faces. Sometimes they viewed a full crowd of 4 faces and sometimes they only viewed a subset of 1-3 faces selected from a full crowd. Importantly, the gaze of each of the 16 computer-generated faces was unique.
After viewing a crowd for only one-fifth of a second, participants were asked to estimate where the group was looking, on average, by moving the pupils on a blank face using the right and left arrows on a keyboard. If ensemble coding was at work, Sweeny and Whitney hypothesized, participants' gaze estimates should be better when more information (i.e., more faces) is available.
The data showed that participants' gaze estimates for groups incorporated information from multiple gazes in the crowd, in support of the researchers' hypothesis.
"Even though there wasn't enough time to inspect the individuals, the participants were still able to see the gist of what the entire crowd was doing, as a group," says Sweeny.
According to the researchers, the results indicate that we have a built-in mechanism that allows us to perceive crowd gaze incredibly quickly, and with little effort.
"These findings suggest that many of our complex social behaviors are actually rooted in basic visual processing," says Sweeny.
Sweeny and Whitney believe the findings could elucidate various group-related behaviors, such as panic and rioting, and might, in the future, also shed light on mechanisms that contribute to social deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD):
"Exploring how social group perception may or may not be impaired could provide insights into how basic visual deficits might underlie issues of broader social functioning in ASD, which often include disruptions in the perception of global aspects of scenes and perception of eye gaze," Sweeny speculates.
More information: Psychological Science, pss.sagepub.com/content/early/ … 97614544510.abstract
Journal information: Psychological Science
Provided by Association for Psychological Science
Visual exposure predicts infants' ability to follow another's gaze
Are people really staring at you?
Field experiments show less than expected response to gaze of others
Spotting a famous face in the crowd
'Seeing' faces through touch
A direct gaze enhances face perception
Haunted-house experience scares up interesting insights on the body's reaction to threats


As the temperature drops and the days grow shorter, sticking to healthy habits and summer activity routines can be a challenge. Walking, jogging or cycling outside can be one of the best ways to soak up the natural beauty of this time of year, when leaves turn to autumnal shades of red, yellow and orange.
However, there will likely be some days where outdoor physical activity won't be an option for you; We also understand that we need to mix things up and try new things to keep your schedule exciting during the colder months. The solution? We've have rounded up 5 cool activities to chase away the chill this autumn!
Mastered traditional yoga? Or decided it isn't adventurous enough for you? Well, why not try out aerial yoga? It combines traditional yoga poses, pilates, dance and aerial arts to form a challenging workout that involves being suspended in a trapeze-like hammock. It is a low-impact, big result work out. You'll feel taller, more flexible and a whole lot more yoga zen after. Namaste.
Swap Netflix for salsa classes at one of the many Latin dance schools around Australia. Grab a partner (or even go solo!) and bring your best moves to one of the beginners' classes. Learn to dance, get active, meet new friends and most importantly, have fun!
While this is more a treat for your taste buds than a social activity, it's definitely one to add to your diary! Think NYC, lower East-side. Every day at SumoSalads across Australia you'll find at least 10 new styles of soup, from healthy kale and quinoa, hearty beef and veg, to Malaysian laksa. Once you've made your choice, just ask for the soup you want, and you can add all the toppings you love, including croutons, parmesan or bacon and more. Nothing goes better with soup than delicious, crusty bread so choose from white, wholemeal and sourdough, and toast your bread for that extra crunch. You'll feel good from your tummy to your soul!
Indoor trampoline parks have been popping up everywhere and for good reason; they are the perfect way to have fun and exercise at the same time. They have multiple zones, so you can bounce off the walls, from side to side, and into a giant foam pit (good luck getting out!). Once you're tired of jumping, why not join in a dodgeball game or even basketball. Take gym gear because you are guaranteed to work up a sweat!
The beauty of indoor rock climbing is that it can be done at any time, in any weather, by anyone. There's always a range of rock-walls to choose from depending on your experience and fitness level. Though, whichever you choose you're sure to get a solid session, with each muscle getting a good workout. Grab your friends and get the heart rate up with some time trial climbs!


text:
Daniil Medvedev plays Stefanos Tsitsipas – Live Score, Results, Latest Updates here
Updates from Australian Open 2022 semifinal
Rafael Nadal of Spain makes a forehand return to Adrian Mannarino of France during their fourth round match at the Australian Open tennis championships in Melbourne, Australia, Sunday, Jan. 23, 2022. (AP Photo / Hamish Blair)
Australian Open men's singles semifinals: A shot at history
Even before he hit his first ball at this year's Australian Open, Rafael Nadal knew he had an open door to set the men's record for most career Grand Slam singles titles.
So far he has not let it close.
Nadal plays Matteo Berrettini in one semifinal on Friday at Melbourne Park, knowing he's potentially two match wins from a 21st major title. He's tied for the record of 20 with Roger Federer, who is recovering from right knee surgery, and Novak Djokovic, who was deported from Australia on the eve of the tournament following an 11-day visa saga over his decision not to be vaccinated for COVID -19.
In the other semifinal, Daniil Medvedev plays Stefanos Tsitsipas in a rematch of their 2021 Australian Open semifinal. Medvedev won last year's semifinal, then lost to Djokovic in the final.
After Nadal's tough five-set win over Denis Shapovalov on Tuesday, he looked to take away some of the pressure of that 21st major.
Categories Sports Tags America, Andrew McMurtry, attention turns, Australia, Australia and New Zealand, Australia sport, Australian Capital Territory, Australian Open, Australian Open 2022, Canberra, Croatia, dylan alcott, employment lives, europe, France, gold medals, Grand Slam, grand slam champion, Host James Bracey, industries sport, Ivan Dodig, Jason Kubler, Kristina Mladenovic, North America, Northern America, Oceania, pure perfection, Rafael Nadal, Rod Laver Arena, Sam Schroder, singles semi-final, singles semi-finals, Southern Europe, sport, Tennis, tennis action, tennis career, United States of America, water bottle, Western Europe, wheelchair tennis Post navigation
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PVC False Ceiling & Wall Panel Advantages CivilLane Jan 11, 2018 PVC false ceiling & wall panels are not popular among the home owners & office owners to that extent; reason being people are unaware about the advantages.
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