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In Christian's own words, and through his thoughts, reflections, and dreams, E L James provides a fresh perspective on the appreciate story that has enthralled millions of readers about the world. NEW YORK Occasions BESTSELLER • An all-new, official prequel novel to The Battle for Azeroth, Blizzard Entertainment's next expansion to the critically acclaimed World of Warcraft videogame. From renowned cardiac surgeon and acclaimed author Dr. Steven R. Gundry, the companion cookbook to New York Times bestselling The Plant Paradox, supplying one hundred simple-to-adhere to recipes and four-colour photos.
In Christian's personal words, and by way of his thoughts, reflections, and dreams, E L James provides a fresh perspective on the enjoy story that has enthralled millions of readers about the planet. NEW YORK Occasions BESTSELLER • An all-new, official prequel novel to The Battle for Azeroth, Blizzard Entertainment's subsequent expansion to the critically acclaimed World of Warcraft videogame. From renowned cardiac surgeon and acclaimed author Dr. Steven R. Gundry, the companion cookbook to New York Instances bestselling The Plant Paradox, supplying one hundred effortless-to-follow recipes and 4-color images.
An American Marriage is a masterpiece of storytelling, an intimate look deep into the souls of folks who have to reckon with the past although moving forward-with hope and discomfort-into the future. Heartbreakingly and seductively poignant, A single with You is the breathlessly awaited finale to the Crossfire saga, the searing enjoy story that has captivated millions of readers worldwide. This stirring like story is a profoundly insightful look into the hearts and minds of three people today who are at when bound and separated by forces beyond their manage.
In Christian's own words, and by means of his thoughts, reflections, and dreams, E L James provides a fresh perspective on the appreciate story that has enthralled millions of readers about the planet. NEW YORK Times BESTSELLER • An all-new, official prequel novel to The Battle for Azeroth, Blizzard Entertainment's subsequent expansion to the critically acclaimed World of Warcraft videogame. From renowned cardiac surgeon and acclaimed author Dr. Steven R. Gundry, the companion cookbook to New York Instances bestselling The Plant Paradox, providing one hundred uncomplicated-to-stick to recipes and four-colour pictures.
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This stirring really like story is a profoundly insightful look into the hearts and minds of 3 persons who are at after bound and separated by forces beyond their control.


The psychological impacts of dyslexia are more widespread than one might imagine. Pediatric clinical neuropsychiatrist Sandra K. Loo, PhD, offers great advice on how to help your child if they are struggling with these psychological impacts.
The psychological impacts of Dyslexia are really wide-ranging and extend much further than just the ability to read. They, first of all, can affect the way a person feels about themselves. Even very early in school, if they are not doing well in reading and feeling like they are not able to keep up in school, children can feel very isolated. They can feel different from everybody else. That can result in low self-esteem and feeling like they are not able to do the work that is in front of them. In addition, it can also affect a child's relationships with others. Sometimes kids can tease a child with Dyslexia, or even just by feeling different from everybody else, they may not relate to other children in the same way; so social skills can be affected. Finally, mental health can be affected because of all the things that I just mentioned. There can be other emotional problems, such as, anxiety and depression. There are also, very often, co-occurring attention problems in approximately 25 percent of kids with Dyslexia. There are really wide-ranging impacts that go along with Dyslexia. Another psychological impact of Dyslexia can be in the schools. Children can experience demoralization. In fact, that puts them at much higher risk for dropping out of High School early. Approximately 40 percent of children with Dyslexia, drop out of High School.


text:
A collaborative approach to managing sleep problems: Vicky Butterfield and colleagues discuss a sleep clinic designed to advise and support families of children with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour
Vicky Butterfield, Nicola Mcadam, Sheena Miller
The authors present an overview of a collaborative approach to managing sleep problems in children and young people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour. In response to a local need for advice and support for parents of children and young people with learning disabilities, a community team developed a structured three-week sleep clinic. The team targeted a small group of parents and carers, and provided individualised sleep care plans. Parents evaluated the clinic positively, resulting in an ongoing sleep clinic programme, and the procedure has been shared with another team working with disabled children. Further evaluation could strengthen initial findings.
Learning Disability Practice
https://doi.org/10.7748/ldp.18.8.22.e1668
10.7748/ldp.18.8.22.e1668Licence: Unspecified
http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/25995/Licence: Unspecified
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'A collaborative approach to managing sleep problems: Vicky Butterfield and colleagues discuss a sleep clinic designed to advise and support families of children with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Learning Disorders Medicine & Life Sciences
Disabled Children Medicine & Life Sciences
Sleep Medicine & Life Sciences
Sheena Hiller
s.l.hiller@hud.ac.uk
Department of Nursing and Midwifery - Senior Lecturer
Centre for Applied Research in Health - Member
Butterfield, V., Mcadam, N., & Miller, S. (2015). A collaborative approach to managing sleep problems: Vicky Butterfield and colleagues discuss a sleep clinic designed to advise and support families of children with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour. Learning Disability Practice, 18(8), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.7748/ldp.18.8.22.e1668
Butterfield, Vicky ; Mcadam, Nicola ; Miller, Sheena. / A collaborative approach to managing sleep problems : Vicky Butterfield and colleagues discuss a sleep clinic designed to advise and support families of children with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour. In: Learning Disability Practice. 2015 ; Vol. 18, No. 8. pp. 22-27.
@article{1e4365dfd0db4fbab96aca49aab824de,
title = "A collaborative approach to managing sleep problems: Vicky Butterfield and colleagues discuss a sleep clinic designed to advise and support families of children with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour",
abstract = "The authors present an overview of a collaborative approach to managing sleep problems in children and young people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour. In response to a local need for advice and support for parents of children and young people with learning disabilities, a community team developed a structured three-week sleep clinic. The team targeted a small group of parents and carers, and provided individualised sleep care plans. Parents evaluated the clinic positively, resulting in an ongoing sleep clinic programme, and the procedure has been shared with another team working with disabled children. Further evaluation could strengthen initial findings.",
keywords = "challenging behaviour, children and young people, learning disabilities, sleep",
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publisher = "RCN Publishing",
Butterfield, V, Mcadam, N & Miller, S 2015, 'A collaborative approach to managing sleep problems: Vicky Butterfield and colleagues discuss a sleep clinic designed to advise and support families of children with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour', Learning Disability Practice, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 22-27. https://doi.org/10.7748/ldp.18.8.22.e1668
A collaborative approach to managing sleep problems : Vicky Butterfield and colleagues discuss a sleep clinic designed to advise and support families of children with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour. / Butterfield, Vicky; Mcadam, Nicola; Miller, Sheena.
In: Learning Disability Practice, Vol. 18, No. 8, 28.09.2015, p. 22-27.
T1 - A collaborative approach to managing sleep problems
T2 - Vicky Butterfield and colleagues discuss a sleep clinic designed to advise and support families of children with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour
AU - Butterfield, Vicky
AU - Mcadam, Nicola
AU - Miller, Sheena
N2 - The authors present an overview of a collaborative approach to managing sleep problems in children and young people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour. In response to a local need for advice and support for parents of children and young people with learning disabilities, a community team developed a structured three-week sleep clinic. The team targeted a small group of parents and carers, and provided individualised sleep care plans. Parents evaluated the clinic positively, resulting in an ongoing sleep clinic programme, and the procedure has been shared with another team working with disabled children. Further evaluation could strengthen initial findings.
AB - The authors present an overview of a collaborative approach to managing sleep problems in children and young people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour. In response to a local need for advice and support for parents of children and young people with learning disabilities, a community team developed a structured three-week sleep clinic. The team targeted a small group of parents and carers, and provided individualised sleep care plans. Parents evaluated the clinic positively, resulting in an ongoing sleep clinic programme, and the procedure has been shared with another team working with disabled children. Further evaluation could strengthen initial findings.
KW - challenging behaviour
KW - children and young people
KW - learning disabilities
KW - sleep
U2 - 10.7748/ldp.18.8.22.e1668
DO - 10.7748/ldp.18.8.22.e1668
JO - Learning Disability Practice
JF - Learning Disability Practice
Butterfield V, Mcadam N, Miller S. A collaborative approach to managing sleep problems: Vicky Butterfield and colleagues discuss a sleep clinic designed to advise and support families of children with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour. Learning Disability Practice. 2015 Sep 28;18(8):22-27. https://doi.org/10.7748/ldp.18.8.22.e1668

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Laparoscopic Renal Cryoablation: 8-Year, Single Surgeon Outcomes
Monish Aron, Kazumi Kamoi, Erick Remer, Andre Berger, Mihir Desai, Inderbir Gill
Purpose: We present 5 to 11-year (median 8) oncological outcomes after laparoscopic renal cryoablation. Materials and Methods: Between September 1997 and October 2008 we performed renal cryoablation in 340 patients, of whom 80 treated laparoscopically by a single surgeon before October 2003 had a minimum 5-year followup. Followup involved magnetic resonance imaging on postoperative day 1, at 3, 6 and 12 months, and annually thereafter. Cryolesion biopsy was performed at 6 months. All data were prospectively accrued. Results: In the 80 patients with minimum 5-year followup mean age was 66 years, mean tumor size was 2.3 cm (range 0.9 to 5.0), median American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 3 and mean body mass index was 28 kg/m2. Five patients had local recurrence, 2 had locoregional recurrence with metastasis and 4 had distant metastasis without locoregional recurrence. Six patients died of cancer. In the 55 patients with biopsy proven renal cell cancer at a median followup of 93 months (range 60 to 132) 5-year overall, disease specific and disease-free survival rates were 84%, 92% and 81%, and 10-year rates were 51%, 83% and 78%, respectively. On multivariate analysis previous radical nephrectomy for RCC was the only significant predictor of disease-free and disease specific survival (p = 0.023 and 0.030, respectively). Conclusions: Laparoscopic renal cryoablation is effective oncological treatment for a renal mass in select patients. A disease specific survival rate of 92% at 5 years and 83% at 10 years is possible. Preceding radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma was the only independent factor predicting disease-free and disease specific survival.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2009.11.041
Aron, M., Kamoi, K., Remer, E., Berger, A., Desai, M., & Gill, I. (2010). Laparoscopic Renal Cryoablation: 8-Year, Single Surgeon Outcomes. Journal of Urology, 183(3), 889-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2009.11.041
Laparoscopic Renal Cryoablation : 8-Year, Single Surgeon Outcomes. / Aron, Monish; Kamoi, Kazumi; Remer, Erick; Berger, Andre; Desai, Mihir; Gill, Inderbir.
In: Journal of Urology, Vol. 183, No. 3, 03.2010, p. 889-895.
Aron, M, Kamoi, K, Remer, E, Berger, A, Desai, M & Gill, I 2010, 'Laparoscopic Renal Cryoablation: 8-Year, Single Surgeon Outcomes', Journal of Urology, vol. 183, no. 3, pp. 889-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2009.11.041
Aron M, Kamoi K, Remer E, Berger A, Desai M, Gill I. Laparoscopic Renal Cryoablation: 8-Year, Single Surgeon Outcomes. Journal of Urology. 2010 Mar;183(3):889-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2009.11.041
Aron, Monish ; Kamoi, Kazumi ; Remer, Erick ; Berger, Andre ; Desai, Mihir ; Gill, Inderbir. / Laparoscopic Renal Cryoablation : 8-Year, Single Surgeon Outcomes. In: Journal of Urology. 2010 ; Vol. 183, No. 3. pp. 889-895.
@article{784e5b5bbf044e108081d44656259565,
title = "Laparoscopic Renal Cryoablation: 8-Year, Single Surgeon Outcomes",
abstract = "Purpose: We present 5 to 11-year (median 8) oncological outcomes after laparoscopic renal cryoablation. Materials and Methods: Between September 1997 and October 2008 we performed renal cryoablation in 340 patients, of whom 80 treated laparoscopically by a single surgeon before October 2003 had a minimum 5-year followup. Followup involved magnetic resonance imaging on postoperative day 1, at 3, 6 and 12 months, and annually thereafter. Cryolesion biopsy was performed at 6 months. All data were prospectively accrued. Results: In the 80 patients with minimum 5-year followup mean age was 66 years, mean tumor size was 2.3 cm (range 0.9 to 5.0), median American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 3 and mean body mass index was 28 kg/m2. Five patients had local recurrence, 2 had locoregional recurrence with metastasis and 4 had distant metastasis without locoregional recurrence. Six patients died of cancer. In the 55 patients with biopsy proven renal cell cancer at a median followup of 93 months (range 60 to 132) 5-year overall, disease specific and disease-free survival rates were 84{\%}, 92{\%} and 81{\%}, and 10-year rates were 51{\%}, 83{\%} and 78{\%}, respectively. On multivariate analysis previous radical nephrectomy for RCC was the only significant predictor of disease-free and disease specific survival (p = 0.023 and 0.030, respectively). Conclusions: Laparoscopic renal cryoablation is effective oncological treatment for a renal mass in select patients. A disease specific survival rate of 92{\%} at 5 years and 83{\%} at 10 years is possible. Preceding radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma was the only independent factor predicting disease-free and disease specific survival.",
keywords = "cryosurgery, kidney, kidney neoplasms, laparoscopy, outcome assessment (health care)",
author = "Monish Aron and Kazumi Kamoi and Erick Remer and Andre Berger and Mihir Desai and Inderbir Gill",
doi = "10.1016/j.juro.2009.11.041",
T1 - Laparoscopic Renal Cryoablation
T2 - 8-Year, Single Surgeon Outcomes
AU - Aron, Monish
AU - Kamoi, Kazumi
AU - Remer, Erick
AU - Berger, Andre
AU - Desai, Mihir
AU - Gill, Inderbir
N2 - Purpose: We present 5 to 11-year (median 8) oncological outcomes after laparoscopic renal cryoablation. Materials and Methods: Between September 1997 and October 2008 we performed renal cryoablation in 340 patients, of whom 80 treated laparoscopically by a single surgeon before October 2003 had a minimum 5-year followup. Followup involved magnetic resonance imaging on postoperative day 1, at 3, 6 and 12 months, and annually thereafter. Cryolesion biopsy was performed at 6 months. All data were prospectively accrued. Results: In the 80 patients with minimum 5-year followup mean age was 66 years, mean tumor size was 2.3 cm (range 0.9 to 5.0), median American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 3 and mean body mass index was 28 kg/m2. Five patients had local recurrence, 2 had locoregional recurrence with metastasis and 4 had distant metastasis without locoregional recurrence. Six patients died of cancer. In the 55 patients with biopsy proven renal cell cancer at a median followup of 93 months (range 60 to 132) 5-year overall, disease specific and disease-free survival rates were 84%, 92% and 81%, and 10-year rates were 51%, 83% and 78%, respectively. On multivariate analysis previous radical nephrectomy for RCC was the only significant predictor of disease-free and disease specific survival (p = 0.023 and 0.030, respectively). Conclusions: Laparoscopic renal cryoablation is effective oncological treatment for a renal mass in select patients. A disease specific survival rate of 92% at 5 years and 83% at 10 years is possible. Preceding radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma was the only independent factor predicting disease-free and disease specific survival.
AB - Purpose: We present 5 to 11-year (median 8) oncological outcomes after laparoscopic renal cryoablation. Materials and Methods: Between September 1997 and October 2008 we performed renal cryoablation in 340 patients, of whom 80 treated laparoscopically by a single surgeon before October 2003 had a minimum 5-year followup. Followup involved magnetic resonance imaging on postoperative day 1, at 3, 6 and 12 months, and annually thereafter. Cryolesion biopsy was performed at 6 months. All data were prospectively accrued. Results: In the 80 patients with minimum 5-year followup mean age was 66 years, mean tumor size was 2.3 cm (range 0.9 to 5.0), median American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 3 and mean body mass index was 28 kg/m2. Five patients had local recurrence, 2 had locoregional recurrence with metastasis and 4 had distant metastasis without locoregional recurrence. Six patients died of cancer. In the 55 patients with biopsy proven renal cell cancer at a median followup of 93 months (range 60 to 132) 5-year overall, disease specific and disease-free survival rates were 84%, 92% and 81%, and 10-year rates were 51%, 83% and 78%, respectively. On multivariate analysis previous radical nephrectomy for RCC was the only significant predictor of disease-free and disease specific survival (p = 0.023 and 0.030, respectively). Conclusions: Laparoscopic renal cryoablation is effective oncological treatment for a renal mass in select patients. A disease specific survival rate of 92% at 5 years and 83% at 10 years is possible. Preceding radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma was the only independent factor predicting disease-free and disease specific survival.
KW - cryosurgery
KW - kidney
KW - kidney neoplasms
KW - laparoscopy
KW - outcome assessment (health care)
U2 - 10.1016/j.juro.2009.11.041
DO - 10.1016/j.juro.2009.11.041
10.1016/j.juro.2009.11.041


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Giant Typhoon Saola Blasts Philippines, Heads Toward China
By DecodingScience Staff
Home / Giant Typhoon Saola Blasts Philippines, Heads Toward China
Saola is a vast hurricane, with an eye near Taiwan and storms over the Philippines. Image Credit: NASA
Asia has seen a lot of rough weather over the last two weeks, and it's not going to get much better.
In mid-July, Typhoon Vicente slammed Hong Kong, causing injuries and damage and disrupting the business day.
This week it's Typhoon Saola causing flooding, evacuations and deaths in the Philippines.
The giant typhoon is making its way up to Taiwan and China and should reach them by the August 2nd, 2012.
Saola Hits Philippines Hard
Understanding Philippine Public Storm Warnings
Typhoon Damage and Evacuations in the Philippines
Saola Moving Up to Taiwan and Mainland China
Typhoon Saola started as a low pressure system off the Philippines on July 27th, 2012. As of July 30th, the large typhoon was centered south of Taiwan, but the typhoon's reach extends over the north and central Philippines.
Public storm warning signal #1 is active in the Apayao, Isabela, and Kalinga provinces of Luzon, while Public Storm Warning Signal #2 is in effect in Cagayan and the Babuyan and Calayan islands.
The typhoon warnings mean that there is potential for flooding due to increased rainfall.
Philippine Public Storm Warnings range from 1 to 4, with one being the least severe, and 4 being the most severe. Each warning level anticipates a certain windspeed and degree of damage from the storm. Level 2 storms, such as the storms expected in the Cagayan, Babuyan, and Calayan islands, are expected to have winds of greater than 60 kph and up to 100 kph.
The storm is being blamed for four deaths in the Philippines. Dangerous seas and flooding have closed roads and bridges, and riverside communities are evacuating. 2 million people in Manila lost power and 13,000 people were evacuated as rainfall reached 0.8 inches an hour. The storm will continue to increase the rainfall and storms caused by the southwest monsoon, and the waters around the West, East, and North Philippine Seas will be rough.
What's next for Saola? The typhoon is approaching Taiwan, and if it continues moving northwest, the typhoon will bring strong wind, rain and rough seas to Taiwan on Wednesday, August 2nd. Saola is expected to become more intense before Wednesday. If the typhoon continues moving on its projected path, on August 3rd, Typhoon Saola will make landfall in mainland China.
BBC News. Tropical Storm Saola Causes Flooding the Philippines. (2012). Accessed July 30, 2012.
NASA. Typhoon Saola. (2012). Accessed July 30, 2012.
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical & Astronomical Services Administration. The Philippine Public Storm Warning Signals. (2012). Accessed July 30, 2012.
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text:
Tag: behavioural
Systematic literature review
The September 2012 issue of Computers and Education contains the paper:
A systemic literature review of empirical evidence on computer games and serious games.
Authors: Thomas Connolly, Elizabeth Boyle, Ewan MacArthur, Thomas Hainey and James Boyle.
Abstract: This paper examines the literature on computer games and serious games in regard to the potential positive impacts of gaming on users aged 14 years or above, especially with respect to learning, skill enhancement and engagement. Search terms identified 129 papers reporting empirical evidence about the impacts and outcomes of computer games and serious games with respect to learning and engagement and a multidimensional approach to categorizing games was developed. The findings revealed that playing computer games is linked to a range of perceptual, cognitive, behavioural, affective and motivational impacts and outcomes. The most frequently occurring outcomes and impacts were knowledge acquisition/content understanding and affective and motivational outcomes. The range of indicators and measures used in the included papers are discussed, together with methodological limitations and recommendations for further work in this area.
My notes: This is an excellent review of nearly 130 papers, from 2004 to early 2009, concerned with the use of computer and serious games in learning. It's an easy read, but has much substance, presented in a neutral manner.
Author JohnPosted on November 11, 2014 June 14, 2016 Categories EvidenceTags affective, behavioural, cognitive, data, education, empirical, impacts, learning, literature review, motivational, perceptual, review, systematic1 Comment on Systematic literature review


The group will provide the opportunity for young people and adults with learning and related physical disabilities to take part in drama and dance activities. Throughout the duration of the project, there will be two special 'celebration days' for those being supported to share their work with each other, friends, family and the local community. The project aims to help people build relationships and improve their wellbeing.


text:
Addressing Europe's economic and political challenges
Introductory remarks by Benoît Cœuré, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at TUM Speakers Series/HEC Débats organised by the Technical University of Munich, Munich, 21 November 2016
Recent political developments in the United States and the United Kingdom have been interpreted as reflecting widespread concerns about globalisation as well as scepticism about international cooperation[1]. Many Europeans also regard the responses to cross-border challenges such as economic fragilities, migration and terrorism as unsatisfactory. A broad debate is under way about the European Union's raison d'être and its future. This debate resonates particularly strongly as we approach the 60th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome and the 25th anniversary of the Treaty of Maastricht.
For Europe to thrive, Europeans, young and old alike, need to be confident that working together is still the best way forward.
Participation in the European project has rested on three successive promises. For the post-war generation, it was a guarantee of lasting peace and democracy. For Europeans who witnessed in their youth the fall of the Berlin Wall, it held out the promise of freedom of movement and better life chances. For European workers hit by technological change and global competition, it promised economic security and protection.
The first two promises have been fulfilled and generated strong support for the European project.
But many now consider that the third promise has not been kept. Europe has suffered from the worst economic crisis since the 1930s. It partly originated abroad but it was partly also of its own making.
Next summer it will be ten years since the crisis erupted in Europe. Many people of your age have felt its effects to a disproportionate degree. With high levels of youth unemployment in several Member States[2], large numbers of young people feel economically and socially marginalised.[3] For them, the national and European responses have not been sufficient. The emergence of a "lost generation" is morally unacceptable – and it would affect Europe's prosperity in a persistent way[4].
In my remarks tonight, I will tell you why I believe that Europe's raison d'être remains strong and could be made stronger. As a European central banker, I will focus on the economic dimension. I will only touch on the political dimension insofar as it influences economic outcomes[5].
The benefits of European integration
As President Obama said during his recent visit to Europe: "…at a time when the European project is facing challenges, it's especially important to show the benefits of economic integration."[6] I believe that the way Europe addresses its current challenges does not only matters for our own future prosperity. It also holds lessons for the rest of the world.
European integration translated European values into tangible benefits: EU citizens today have the right to live, work, study and do business anywhere in the Union. They enjoy equal judicial protection, guaranteed by European courts of law.
In fact, the establishment of a single European market was never solely about economic efficiency. It was also about creating a free and open European society under a common rule of law.
Today, the European Union is one of the world's biggest economic blocs, alongside the United States and China. This will not last forever. At a time when several regional powers are increasingly assertive on the global stage, the single market and the single currency are essential assets. They enhance Europe's significance and influence worldwide.
Beyond its economic benefits, the euro indeed forges political bonds that have been repeatedly underestimated – not least by observers outside of Europe. The crisis put those ties to the test and the commitment to the euro area's integrity was strongly reaffirmed. One example of this was euro area leaders' commitment last year to secure the future of Greece in the euro, provided that it undertakes the necessary reforms. It is also reflected in public opinion in Europe: popular support for the euro has remained high throughout the crisis[7].
And indeed, the crisis showed that when Europeans act together, they are stronger. But when uncertainty has the upper hand, attention turns inwards to national fragilities, fuelling economic selfishness and accentuating financial fragmentation.
Monetary policy as an example of acting together
Monetary policy is a clear example of where we did act together in a decisive manner.
Monetary policy undeniably played a key role in stabilising the economy in Europe after the crisis. By deploying a range of conventional and unconventional monetary policy measures, the European Central Bank (ECB) avoided deflation, reduced financial fragmentation and supported the economic recovery. We've done it within the mandate given to us by the people of Europe, namely price stability. And we are fully accountable to the European Parliament and the European Court of Justice.
But monetary policy alone cannot achieve sustainable growth. It needs to be complemented by economic, and where available, fiscal policies at national and European level.
Organising our interdependencies
We also need to better organise our interdependencies.
First, we should not ignore our economic and financial connections when considering national policies. Under EU Treaties, Member States have a duty to regard their economic policies as a matter of common concern and to coordinate them.
Second, the crisis has shown that common institutions can help respond to crises and also to prevent them from occurring in the first place by avoiding excessive risk-taking.
Important measures to improve the financial architecture of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) have already been adopted. For instance, the creation of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) and the launch of banking union were essential steps towards safeguarding financial stability. As a result, our Monetary Union is considerably more resilient today than it was at the peak of the crisis in 2012.
Some institutional shortcomings remain, however.
Banking union still has to be completed. What has been called the "doom loop" between banking and sovereign risk remains to be broken. Agreement on a European deposit insurance scheme is not within sight and the Single Resolution Fund still lacks a common financial backstop. ECB Banking Supervision is doing impressive work, and euro area banks are now more resilient[8].
But achieving a level playing field in banking supervision, at arm's length from national and vested interests, will be a long journey given the place we started from.
Fiscal rules, albeit revised several times, have failed to build confidence in fiscal sustainability at national level, which is a prerequisite for any further move towards shared fiscal sovereignty. Likewise, the rules aimed at preventing macroeconomic imbalances remain untested.
The ESM is a strong and efficient institution, but the euro area's crisis resolution arrangements, which are still mostly intergovernmental, are unnecessarily slow and costly, as the protracted discussions on Greece showed last year. Enshrining crisis resolution in Union law and bringing it under the oversight of the European Parliament should remain a key objective.
Europeans of all ages are demanding that Europe offers more protection.[9] And indeed, Europe's focus today is clearly on defence and security, rather than on completing EMU. This is for very good reasons, but make no mistake: Europe will not strengthen its capacity in these areas if it cannot rely on a stronger economy and a more resilient monetary union. [10]
And let me be clear: we should only embark on new projects if there is a consensus that joint action is necessary, that it is clearly linked to people's concerns and that it addresses a matter of European or global relevance.
When we do take joint action, we need to be consistent in our efforts and complete the initiatives we have started. Half-built houses are the most dangerous option. We cannot take competences away from the national level without empowering the Union level to provide at least as much protection for citizens as they had before.
And where responsibilities are clearly assigned to one level, there needs to be commensurate democratic accountability at that level.
Let me conclude.
Policies often create winners and losers. For this to be acceptable at European level, we need to share a feeling of belonging together as Europeans. One way to develop and strengthen that feeling of belonging is to share tangible common goods that we can all relate to. Democracy comes to mind first. The euro is another example, and so is the commitment to make our social model sustainable. They bring us together and shape our identity in the world.
[1]On the backlash against financial globalisation and how it could be better designed, see also B. Cœuré, "The Case for Rethinking International Capital Flows", Paris, 15 September 2016.
[2]In September 2016, youth unemployment stood at 37.1% in Italy and 42.6% in Spain. Youth unemployment stood at 42.7% in Greece in July 2016. See Eurostat euro indicators, 3 November 2016.
[3]European Youth in 2016, Special Eurobarometer of the European Parliament, May 2016
[4]See Cœuré, B., "Monetary Policy and the Risk of a Lost Decade", speech at the Amundi World Investment Forum 2013, Paris, 5 July 2013.
[5]For a discussion on the need for a more political Europe, see Moscovici, P., "Keynote public address at the 2016 Summit on the Future of Europe", November 2016, Harvard University, Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies.
[6]Remarks at a joint press conference with Chancellor Merkel, Berlin, 17 November 2016.
[7]In spring 2016, support for the single currency stood at 68% in the euro area, with a majority of citizens in favour of the euro in all euro area Member States.
[8]See also Draghi, M., "The state and prospects of the euro area recovery", speech at the European Banking Congress, Frankfurt am Main, 18 November 2016.
[9]Eurobarometer April 2016. In particular, younger age groups associate Europe more with social protection, free movement and a stronger say in the world.
[10]See "The Five Presidents' Report: Completing Europe's Economic and Monetary Union", a report prepared by J.-C. Juncker, in close cooperation with D. Tusk, J. Dijsselbloem, M. Draghi and M. Schulz, 22 June 2015.
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Real estate agents are trained and experienced in negotiation. In most cases, the seller is not. The seller must realize their ability to negotiate will determine whether they can get the best deal for themselves and their family.
The home inspection companies, which work for the buyer and will almost always find some problems with the house.
The percentage of sellers who have hired a real estate agent to sell their home has increased steadily over the last 20 years. Let's get together and discuss all we can do to make the process easier for you.


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Radiating our from the Venusian volcano Ozza Mons (red, center) are thousands of miles of rift zones (purple). Data from the Venus Express spacecraft suggests there are active lava flows in hotspots along the rifts.
Planetary scientists know that volcanoes have crackled on the surface of Venus for much of the planet's history. Now, using data from the Venus Express spacecraft, an international team of researchers has found new evidence that some of those Venusian volcanoes may still be active today.
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — An international team of scientists has found some of the best evidence yet that Venus, Earth's nearest neighbor, is volcanically active.
In combing through data from the European Space Agency's Venus Express mission, the scientists found transient spikes in temperature at several spots on the planet's surface. The hotspots, which were found to flash and fade over the course of just a few days, appear to be generated by active flows of lava on the surface.
"We were able to show strong evidence that Venus is volcanically, and thus internally, active today," said James W. Head, a geologist at Brown University and co-author of a paper describing the new research. "This is a major finding that helps us understand the evolution of planets like our own."
The research is published online in Geophysical Research Letters.
The hotspots turned up in thermal imaging taken by the Venus Express spacecraft's Venus Monitoring Camera. The data showed spikes in temperature of several hundred degrees Fahrenheit in spots ranging in size from 1 square kilometer to over 200 kilometers.
The spots were clustered in a large rift zone called Ganiki Chasma. Rift zones are formed by stretching of the crust by internal forces and hot magma that rises toward the surface. Head and Russian colleague Mikhail Ivanov had previously mapped the region as part of a global geologic map of Venus generated from the Soviet Venera missions in the 1980s and U.S. Magellan mission in the 1990s. The mapping work had shown that Ganiki Chasma was quite young, geologically speaking, but just how young wasn't clear until now.
The latest finding is consistent with other data from Venus Express that have hinted at very recent volcanic activity. In 2010, infrared imaging from several volcanoes seemed to indicate lava flows from thousands to a few million years old. A few years later, scientists reported transient spikes in sulfur dioxide in Venus' upper atmosphere, another potential signal of active volcanism.
The observation of hotspots by Venus Express, combined with the geologic mapping from Venera and Magellan, make a strong case for a volcanically active Venus, Head says.
The work was led by Eugene Shalygin and Wojciech Markiewicz of the Max Planck Institute. Additional co-authors were Alexander Basilevski (Russia's Vernadsky Institute and Brown University), Dima Titov (European Space Agency) and N.I. Ignatiev (Russia's Space Research Institute).
ESA's Venus Express has found the best evidence yet for active volcanism on Earth's neighbour planet.
Seeing the planet's surface is extremely difficult due to its thick atmosphere, but radar observations by previous missions to Venus have revealed it as a world covered in volcanoes and ancient lava flows.
Venus is almost exactly the same size as Earth and has a similar bulk composition, so is likely to have an internal heat source, perhaps due to radioactive heating. This heat has to escape somehow, and one possibility is that it does so in the form of volcanic eruptions.
Some models of planetary evolution suggest that Venus was resurfaced in a cataclysmic flood of lava around half a billion years ago. But whether Venus is active today has remained a hot topic in planetary science.
ESA's Venus Express, which completed its eight-year study of the planet last year, conducted a range of observations at different wavelengths to address this important question.
In a study published in 2010, scientists reported that the infrared radiation coming from three volcanic regions was different to that from the surrounding terrain. They interpreted this as coming from relatively fresh lava flows that had not yet experienced significant surface weathering. These flows were found to be less than 2.5 million years old, but the study could not establish whether there is still active volcanism on the planet.
An additional piece of evidence was reported in 2012, showing a sharp rise in the sulphur dioxide content of the upper atmosphere in 2006–2007, followed by a gradual fall over the following five years. Although changes in wind patterns could have caused this, the more intriguing possibility is that episodes of volcanic activity were injecting vast amounts of sulphur dioxide into the upper atmosphere.
Now, using a near-infrared channel of the spacecraft's Venus Monitoring Camera (VMC) to map thermal emission from the surface through a transparent spectral window in the planet's atmosphere, an international team of planetary scientists has spotted localised changes in surface brightness between images taken only a few days apart.
The Ganiki Chasma rift zone in Atla Regio on Venus was imaged repeatedly to look for changes. The maps presented here show changes in relative brightness compared to the average background (red-orange indicates an increase, blue-purple a decrease) for a number of images acquired on each date. While some changes are due to variations in cloud brightness, one fixed surface hot spot is inferred, labelled 'Object A', which shows an increase in brightness between 22 and 24 June 2008 followed by a decrease.
"We have now seen several events where a spot on the surface suddenly gets much hotter, and then cools down again," says Eugene Shalygin from the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS) in Germany, and lead author of the paper reporting the results in Geophysical Research Letters this month.
The hotspots are found along the Ganiki Chasma rift zone close to the volcanoes Ozza Mons and Maat Mons. Rift zones are results of fracturing of the surface, which is often associated with upwelling of magma below the crust. This process can bring hot material to the surface, where it may be released through fractures as a lava flow.
Because VMC's view is blurred by the clouds, the areas of increased emission appear spread out over large areas more than 100 km across, but the hot regions on the surface below are probably much smaller. Indeed, for the hotspot known as 'Object A', the team calculate that the feature may only be around 1 square kilometre in size, with a temperature of 830°C, much higher than the global average of 480°C.
The Ganiki Chasma rift zone was already considered to be one of the most recently geologically active regions on the planet, and as the new analysis suggests, it is still active today.
"It looks like we can finally include Venus in the small club of volcanically active Solar System bodies," says Håkan Svedhem, ESA's Venus Express project scientist.