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Musk said that ads are "too frequent on Twitter and too big," and that steps will be taken to address those issues in coming weeks.
Twitter owner Elon Musk tweeted on Saturday that a higher priced subscription of the social media platform will not carry advertisements.
The billionaire also said that ads are "too frequent on Twitter and too big," and that steps will be taken to address those issues in coming weeks.
Twitter did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Twitter earns nearly 90 percent of its revenue from selling digital ads and Musk recently attributed a "massive drop in revenue" to rights organizations that have pressured brands to pause their Twitter ads.
Earlier in December, Musk announced that Twitter's Basic blue tick will have half the number of advertisements and that it will offer a higher tier with no advertisements by 2023.
Last week, Twitter said it would price Twitter Blue subscription for Android at $11 (roughly Rs. 900) per month – the same as for iOS subscribers – while offering a cheaper annual plan for web users when compared to monthly charges.
The blue check mark – previously free for verified accounts of politicians, famous personalities, journalists and other public figures – will now be open to anyone prepared to pay. It was rolled out last year to help Twitter grow revenue as owner Elon Musk fights to retain advertisers.
Google's Android users will be able to purchase Twitter Blue's monthly subscription for $11 (roughly Rs. 900), the same price as for Apple's iOS users, Twitter said on its website. The higher pricing for Android users is likely to offset fees charged by Android's Google Play Store, like Apple's App Store. The annual plan for subscription to Blue, only available on the web, was priced at $84 (roughly Rs. 6,800), a discount to the monthly web subscription price of $8 (roughly Rs. 650).
The discount for web users would be available in countries including United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Japan, New Zealand and Australia, Twitter said.
Related Topics:Elon MuskTwitterTwitter Blue
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Elon Musk had previously said that the Twitter acquisition would be part of a master plan to create "the everything app".
Twitter is working to introduce payments on the social media platform and has begun applying for regulatory licenses, the Financial Times reported on Monday, citing people familiar with the matter.
New boss Elon Musk is pushing Twitter to create new streams of revenue as it faces a drop in advertising income, following his $44 billion (roughly Rs. 3.6 lakh crore) takeover of the company in October.
The development of the payments feature is being led by Esther Crawford, a director of product management at Twitter, according to the report, which added that the executive was emerging to be a key lieutenant to Musk.
Twitter did not immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment.
Musk had previously said that the Twitter acquisition would be part of a master plan to create "the everything app", a service that would offer social networking, peer-to-peer payments and e-commerce shopping.
Prior to Musk's takeover, Twitter in early 2021 was exploring allowing its users to receive tips, or digital payments, from their followers.
Meanwhile, Twitter announced last week that users will be able to appeal account suspensions and be evaluated under the social media platform's new criteria for reinstatement, starting February 1.
Under the new criteria, which follow billionaire Elon Musk's purchase of the company in October, Twitter accounts will only be suspended for severe or ongoing and repeat violations of the platform's policies.
Severe policy violations include engaging in illegal content or activity, inciting or threatening violence or harm, and engaging in targeted harassment of other users, among others.
Twitter said that going forward, it will take less severe action, in comparison to account suspension, such as limiting the reach of tweets that violate its policies or asking users to remove tweets before continuing to use the account.
Amazon currently offers free grocery deliveries on orders above $35 (roughly Rs. 3,000) to Prime members.
By Associate Press | Updated: 28 January 2023
Amazon is axing free grocery delivery for Prime members on orders less than $150 (roughly Rs. 12,200).
Customers who get their groceries delivered from Amazon Fresh — and pay less than $150 — will be charged between $3.95 (roughly Rs. 350) and $9.95 (roughly Rs. 800), depending on the order size, the company said in an email to Prime members Friday.
The new policy starts on February 28.
"We will continue to offer convenient two-hour delivery windows for all orders, and customers in some areas will be able to select a longer, six-hour delivery window for a reduced fee," Amazon said in the email.
Launched in 2005, Prime has more than 200 million members worldwide who pay $139 (roughly Rs. 11,500) a year, or $14.99 (roughly Rs. 1,200) a month, for faster shipping and other perks, such as free delivery and returns.
Currently, the company offers members free grocery deliveries on orders above $35 (roughly Rs. 3,000), with the exception of New York, where it's $50 (roughly Rs. 4,000).
Under the new policy, the company said delivery charges will be $3.95 for orders between $100-$150, $6.95 (roughly Rs. 600) for orders of $50 to $100, and $9.95 for orders under $50. Amazon Fresh deliveries over $150 will remain free.
"We're introducing a service fee on some Amazon Fresh delivery orders to help keep prices low in our online and physical grocery stores as we better cover grocery delivery costs and continue to enable offering a consistent, fast, and high-quality delivery experience," Amazon spokesperson Lara Hendrickson said in a prepared statement.
The company has dozens of Amazon Fresh stores across the US and has opened some abroad. Amazon has also owned Whole Foods since 2017.
The decision to impose new fees comes as the company attempts to trim costs amid a hazy economic environment. In the past few months, it has axed unprofitable areas of its business and paused hiring among its corporate workforce. It said this month that it will lay off 18,000 workers.
In 2020, Donald Trump attempted to block new users from downloading TikTok in the US.
The House Foreign Affairs Committee plans to hold a vote next month on a bill aimed at blocking the use of China's popular social media app TikTok in the United States, the committee confirmed on Friday.
The measure, planned by the panel's chair Representative Michael McCaul, a Republican, would aim to give the White House the legal tools to ban TikTok over US national security concerns.
"The concern is that this app gives the Chinese government a back door into our phones," McCaul told Bloomberg News, which reported the vote timing earlier.
In 2020, then-President Donald Trump attempted to block new users from downloading TikTok and ban other transactions that would have effectively blocked the app's use in the United States, but lost a series of court battles over the measure.
The Biden administration in June 2021 formally abandoned that effort. Then in December, Republican Senator Marco Rubio unveiled bipartisan legislation to ban TikTok, which would also block all transactions from any social media company in or under the influence of China and Russia.
But a ban of the short video app, which is owned by ByteDance and is popular among teens, would face significant hurdles in Congress to pass, and would need 60 votes in the Senate.
For three years, TikTok – which has more than 100 million US users – has been seeking to assure Washington that the personal data of US citizens cannot be accessed and its content cannot be manipulated by China's Communist Party or anyone else under Beijing's influence.
TikTok said Friday "calls for total bans of TikTok take a piecemeal approach to national security and a piecemeal approach to broad industry issues like data security, privacy, and online harms."
The US government's Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), a powerful national security body, in 2020 ordered ByteDance to divest TikTok because of fears that US user data could be passed on to China's government.
CFIUS and TikTok have been in talks since 2021, aiming to reach a national security agreement to protect the data of US TikTok users.
TikTok said it had a "comprehensive package of measures with layers of government and independent oversight to ensure that there are no backdoors into TikTok that could be used to manipulate the platform" and invested roughly $1.5 billion (roughly Rs. 12,300 crore) to date on those efforts.
White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre declined to comment on the bill on Friday. "It's under review by (CFIUS) so I am just not going to get into details on that," Jean-Pierre said.
Last month, Biden signed legislation that included a ban on federal employees using or downloading TikTok on government-owned devices. More than 25 US states have also banned the use of TikTok on state-owned devices.
Zomato says it is working on a new menu with partners and rebranding its Instant business.
Zomato is rebranding Instant, its ten-minute food delivery service, and not shutting it down, a company spokesperson said. The statement has come amid reports claiming that the company was planning to close Instant, launched less than a year ago, owing to tough market conditions.
However, the spokesperson clarified that it was working on a new menu for the service. "Instant is not shutting down. We are working on a new menu with our partners and rebranding the business. All finishing stations remain intact, and no people are impacted by this decision," the spokesperson said. The food aggregator had launched Instant in March 2022.
Earlier this month, Zomato Co-Founder and Chief Technology Officer Gunjan Patidar resigned company. Patidar was one of the first few employees of Zomato and built the core tech systems for the company, it said in a regulatory filing.
In November last year, another co-founder of the company, Mohit Gupta, had resigned. Gupta, who had joined Zomato four-and-half years back, was elevated to co-founder in 2020 from the position of CEO of its food delivery business.
Zomato had witnessed some top-level exits last year, including those of Rahul Ganjoo, who was head of new initiatives, and Siddharth Jhawar, the erstwhile vice-president and head of Intercity, and co-founder Gaurav Gupta.
Swiggy Lays Off 380 Employees, CEO Calls Overhiring Case of 'Poor Judgement'
Swiggy Co-Founder and CEO Sriharsha Majety said the growth rate for food delivery has slowed down versus the company's projections.
Meta Fined $5.9 Million by Irish Regulators for WhatsApp Data Protection Breach
Meta said it was opposed to the ruling and would look to appeal it.
Social media giant Meta has been fined an additional EUR 5.5 million (roughly Rs. 47.8 crore) for violating EU data protection regulations with its instant messaging platform WhatsApp, Ireland's regulator announced Thursday.
The penalty follows a far larger EUR 390 million (roughly Rs. 3,429 crore) fine for Meta's Instagram and Facebook platforms two weeks ago after they were found to have flouted the same EU rules.
In its new decision, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) found the group acted "in breach of its obligations in relation to transparency," the watchdog said in a statement.
In addition, Meta relied on an incorrect legal basis "for its processing of personal data for the purposes of service improvement and security," the DPC added, giving the group six months to comply.
The fine was imposed by the Irish regulator because Meta — along with other US tech firms — has its European headquarters in Dublin.
In response on Thursday, Meta said it was opposed to the DPC decision and would look to overturn it.
"We strongly believe that the way the service operates is both technically and legally compliant," a WhatsApp spokesperson said.
"We disagree with the decision and we intend to appeal."
The breaches are similar to those explained in the regulator's action against Meta earlier in January.
But the earlier decision also accused the Meta platforms of breaking rules over the processing of personal data for the purpose of targeted advertising.
In that instance the company, co-founded by social media magnate Mark Zuckerberg, was given only three months to respond to comply with the Irish regulator.
Meta announced its intention to appeal the 4 January decision, adding the regulatory ruling did not prevent targeted or personalised advertising.
The DPC said its more recent fine was considerably less because of a EUR 225 million (roughly Rs. 1,978 crore) fine imposed on WhatsApp for "for breaches of this and other transparency obligations over the same period of time".
Thursday's Whatsapp fine was also far lower because it did not relate to targeted advertising.
The Irish regulator had fined Meta EUR 405 million (roughly Rs. 3,561 crore) in September for failures in handling the data of minors, and EUR 265 million (roughly Rs. 2,330 crore) in November for not sufficiently protecting users' data.
This latest round of fines follows the adoption of three binding decisions by the European Data Protection Board (EDPB), the EU's data protection regulator, in early December.
The Vienna-based privacy group NOYB, which brought the three complaints against Meta in 2018, had accused the social media behemoth of reinterpreting consent as a civil law contract, which stopped users from refusing targeted advertising.
In reaction to Thursday's news, NOYB criticised the "tiny" size of the latest fine — and slammed the DPC for ignoring how WhatsApp shares data within the group for advertising purposes.
"We are astonished how the DPC simply ignores the core of the case after a 4.5-year procedure," said NOYB founder Max Schrems.
In October 2021, the Irish authority had proposed a draft decision that validated the legal basis used by the group and suggested a fine of up to EUR 36 million (roughly Rs. 316 crore) for Facebook and up to EUR 23 million (roughly Rs. 202 crore) for Instagram, over their lack of transparency.
France's CNIL regulator and other European bodies disagreed with the draft sanction, which they considered to be far too low.
They asked the EDPB to judge the dispute with the EU data regulator deciding in their favour.
The EDPB has also asked the Irish regulator to investigate Meta's use of personal data.
However, in its statement, the DPC pushed back saying the EU body does not have the power to "direct an authority to engage in open-ended and speculative investigation".
The regulator said it will seek to annul the EDPB's request before the European Union's Court of Justice.


Whether you're an employer or job seeker, there are a number of advantages to choosing Nevada. With a diverse and growing economy, renowned recreational activities throughout the state, and vibrant communities to call home, it's easy to see why Nevada is a great place to live, play and work.
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As a Right to Work state, Nevada protects the right for employees to choose for themselves whether or not they want to join or support a union. Plus, workman's compensation insurance rates are nearly 75% less than those in neighboring California for certain business classifications.
In an effort to provide you with even more information on the advantages of calling Nevada home, here are some key sites that you may find helpful. If you have specific questions related to Nevada Advantages, you can get personal service from your local Nevada Jobconnect office.
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Home > The Office of Research and Creative Activity > Posters-at-the-Capitol > 2008 - Posters-at-the-Capitol > Murray State University > 6
STUDY 2: Determining Biomass Variances In Hydroponic Harvests of Lactuca Cultivars Utilizing Different Fertilizer Application Rates
Stephen Blanchette, Murray State University
David Dick, Murray State University
Stacy Bridges, Murray State University
Faculty Advisor/ Mentor
Pat Williams; Kris-Ann Kaiser
Hydroponics is quickly becoming an alternative production system for leafy vegetables with both commercial and residential applications. Specialty fertilizers are becoming abundant as the popularity of hydroponics becomes available to the consumer. This study will compare the recommended application rates of General Hydroponics FloraGro and FloraMicro nutrient concentrations. The control is one 56-site ebb and flow chamber hydroponic grow system and a second treatment 56-site table is to be harvested simultaneously through a 50% reduction of nutrient concentration. Each table will be leached weekly to prevent mineral concentration buildup on root structures. Using existing elements of a previous hydroponics system, a modified structure will place the 4" PVC chambers, 47" in length with seven 3" container sites, on a table-type base. There are a total of eight chambers parallel to each other which will be piped with intake and drain manifolds totaling 58" in width. A 27-gallon reservoir will house a 525 GPH submersible pump with a pre-filter under each table. The pump will be controlled through a cycle timer programmed to 30 minutes on and one hour off. Growth rates and environmental measurements will be monitored daily, while nutrient solutions will be replaced and recalibrated on a weekly basis. All harvested crops are to be placed in a kiln for 72 hours to remove all moisture from cells, allowing for a precise measurement of biomass weight. Our data will be analyzed to determine whether a general reduction of fertilizer inputs without significant drops in crop yields can be established.
Murray State University's Office of Research and Creative Activity (ORCA)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Had a great day visiting Kirk Sand at his shop in Laguna Beach today. Kirk pulled out some of his Beautiful Guitars for me to play including Lenny Breau's old 7 String that he made for Lenny back in the 80s, And this Groovy Paul Yandell model! Also took a trip to Norman's Rare Guitars in Tarzana yesterday where I came a across this nice modern Slot head Martin!.


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[Old NCERT World History Ch8] American Revolution: Causes, Boston Tea Party, Declaration of Independence (Part 1 of 4)
Introduction of the Chapter
Feudalism to Nation States
What is a Revolution?
The English Colonies in America
Causes of the War of American Independence
No taxation without representation
The War of Independence
The American Constitution
Significance of the American Revolution
The Growth of a Nation
The 8th Chapter of old NCERT Class 9 (Story of civilization), deals with following topics
Unification of Germany, Italy; Revolutions elsewhere in Europe
The rise of Socialism
In this first part, we'll see the American revolution, and remaining topics in separate parts.
In the previous chapter, you learned about the rise of a new economic system in the world. In this chapter you will read of the developments that transformed the political systems of many countries of Europe and of the Americas in the 18th and 19th centuries. The basic features of these developments were the growth of democratic political systems, nationalism and socialism. Together with the' industrial Revolution, they brought about great changes and helped to determine people's thought and conditions of life for a long time to come. These developments began first in certain parts of Europe. Since then, particularly from the 19th century, the establishment of democratic political systems and of independent states based on nationalism have been among the primary aims of peoples the world over. Simultaneously with these in some countries and later in other countries ideas of socialism have inspired movements of social equality.
Under feudalism, societies were divided into classes some of which were privileged while the others were exploited. A man's entire life was determined at the time of his birth, depending on the class into which he was born. You have read that the two main classes in the feudal society were feudal lords and serfs.
The political systems of the time were also determined by the prevailing social and economic system. Most of the population was excluded from having any share in the governance of the country.
Many kings claimed divine rights, that is, that their power was derived from God and not from any capability to rule. Their word was law. A French king declared, "I am the State."
The boundaries of states also were irrational. If you see old maps you will be able to recognize very few states of modern Europe. There were all kinds of states—empires, feudal estates, city-states.
The territories within a state were not necessarily contiguous. The people inhabiting these states were not homogeneous. Empires, for example, included territories far apart from each other and inhabited by people of different nationalities.
Similarly, the territories inhabited by a homogeneous people were divided into a number of states, some under a local ruler, some under the Church and some as parts of an empire. As a result of many factors nation-states had begun to be formed. However, this process was limited to a few areas. Most of the European states for a long time to come had no rational basis.
You have read of the rise of new social groups and classes during the later Middle Ages and about the role played by the middle class in bringing about the Renaissance in Europe. In economic life, this class gradually became very important. However, it was obstructed in its growth by the outdated political systems based on privilege.
It could grow only if it also held the political power. With the Industrial Revolution, the strength of this class increased further and the removal of the outdated political systems acquired urgency. The spread of the Industrial Revolution in many countries was slow because of the backward political system that prevailed there. Another important new class that arose, particularly after the Industrial Revolution, was the working class, or the industrial workers. This class also was opposed to the autocratic political systems.
Serfdom had declined in some countries but in most other countries of Europe, it was still the dominant feature of the social system. There were many revolts of the serfs but they were suppressed. However, during the period from the 17th to the 19th centuries, there arose movements in different parts of Europe to overthrow the existing political systems. The first successful revolution which overthrew the autocratic monarchy took place in England in the 17th century.
Simultaneously, there was also the rise and growth of national consciousness and movements to unite the different territories inhabited by the people of a nation if they were divided into different states, and to overthrow foreign imperial rule if the territories of a nation were part of a larger empire ruled by an alien emperor.
The Renaissance had inaugurated an era of questioning the established beliefs. Gradually, this questioning covered every aspect of thought and belief. The period after the 16th century, witnessed an intellectual revolution when all the existing beliefs based on faith came under heavy attack.
Great progress was made in various sciences, which also undermined the existing beliefs. The new ideas were characterized by rationalism and were increasingly concerned with secular affairs. Because of the growing emphasis on reason, the period of the 18th century in European history is called the Age of reason or the Age of Enlightenment.
Gradually the beliefs that permitted people to be divided into higher or lower groups on the basis of birth, and into privileged groups and others, and the hold of the Church in the sphere of ideas, were undermined.
The new ideas were ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity. Thus arose ideas of freedom, democracy and equality, which became the rallying slogans of peoples everywhere.
Simultaneously, there also arose ideas of nationalism which brought a sense of unity and oneness to the people forming a nation and the desire to organize themselves into independent states with their distinctive national identities.
Movements arose in many parts of Europe and in North America to overthrow the existing autocratic political systems and replace them by democratic political system and to abolish privileges and establish the equality of political rights. These movements which began earlier became powerful forces in the 19th century Europe.
In this chapter you will read about some revolutions that led to the overthrow of autocratic governments and their replacement by democratic forms of government. You will also read about some successful movements of national independence and national unification. In the last section, you will read about the emergence of ideas of socialism and about the movements based on those ideas which took shape.
Changes in political and social systems have often been brought about by revolutions. A revolution, as you know from your study of the Industrial Revolution, means a drastic or radical change.
A revolution can be the sudden overthrow of an established government or system by force and bloodshed; it can also be a great change that comes slowly and peacefully. The developments described in this chapter were, in some aspects, rapid and accompanied by violence but many of the lasting changes they brought about have taken place gradually and without bloodshed.
However, you should remember that every change of government is not a revolution. A revolution involves a fundamental change in the entire political system of a country, a change in the nature of government, in the class or classes that hold political power, and also in the aims of the government.
People do not usually revolt against a government or a certain system unless they believe that it is no longer possible to live in the old way. Revolutions occur when an existing system becomes unbearable to a vast majority of the people. This, in itself, makes conditions 'ripe' for setting up a new system.
Revolutions are 'contagious'. Revolutionary ideas originating in one place may spread to other places very fast and influence the thinking and actions of peoples suffering under oppressive governments in other lands. Revolutions have played an essential role in the development of human societies. Without them, one kind of system, however unsuitable for the times it might be, would continue for ever and there would be no progress.
While some Englishmen were battling at home for improvements in Parliament and reforms in religion, others were adventuring across the Atlantic to establish colonies and trade in the Americas.
In the 16th century, European countries began to make settlements there. In North America, colonies were established by France, Holland and Spain as well as by England.
In the 18th century, England drove France out of the eastern part of the continent and Canada. She had earlier taken New Netherlands from the Dutch, changing its name to New York.
By the middle of the 18th century there were 13 English colonies in North America along the Atlantic Coast. Landless peasants, people seeking religious freedom, traders, and profiteers had settled there. The bulk of the population consisted of independent farmers. Infant industries had developed in such products as wool, flax, and leather.
In the north there were fishing and ship-building. In the south, large plantations like feudal manors had grown up where tobacco and cotton were grown with slave labour brought from Africa.
Each colony had a local assembly elected by qualified voters. These assemblies enacted laws concerning local matters, and levied taxes. However, they were under the rule of the mother country.
By the 18th century, the colonists found the laws which the English government imposed upon them more and more objectionable. The idea of being an independent nation grew and developed into the Revolutionary War in which the colonists gained their independence.
The colonial policy of England in economic matters was the primary cause of resentment in the American colonies. England's policies did not encourage the American colonies to develop an economy of their own.
The English Parliament had forbidden them to use non-British ships in their trade.
Certain products, such as tobacco, cotton and sugar, could be exported only to England.
Heavy duties were imposed on the import of goods in the colonies from other places.
The colonies were also forbidden to start certain industries, for example, iron works and textiles.
They were forced to import these goods from England.
Thus, in every possible way, the growth of industry and trade in the colonies was impeded.
The English also angered the colonists by issuing a proclamation to prevent them from moving west into new lands. English aristocrats had bought lands in America and got rents from the farmers. They wanted to keep the colonists as renters.
Taxes to finance wars
As a result of continuous wars in Europe, the English government was burdened with debt. It needed money.
In 1765, the English Parliament passed the Stamp Act which imposed stamp taxes on all business transactions in the American colonies.
Revenue stamps up to 20 shillings were to be affixed to legal documents and other papers.
This Act aroused violent resentment among all sections of the colonists and led them to boycott English goods. There were uprisings in many towns and tax-collectors were killed.
The colonists claimed that, since English Parliament had no representatives from the colonies, it had no right to levy taxes on them. The revenue from these taxes was used not in the interests of the colonies but of English.
The American revolutionaries were inspired by the ideas of the English philosophers of the 17th century. These philosophers— Locke,Harrington,Milton—believed that men had certain fundamental rights which no government had the right to infringe.
American thinkers, especially Thomas Jefferson, were also inspired by what French philosophers were saying and writing at that time. Jefferson asserted the colonists' right to rebellion, and encouraged their increasing desire for independence.
Support for independence was forcefully expressed by Thomas Paine, who detested the inequalities of English society, and had come to America. In a pamphlet entitled Common Sense, he wrote, 'It was repugnant to reason to suppose that this continent can long remain subject to any external power…there is something absurd in supposing a Continent to be perpetually governed by an island'.
The leaders in the Massachusetts colony called together representatives from other colonies to consider their common problems.
In this Massachusetts assembly, they agreed and declared that the English Parliament had no right to levy taxes on them. 'No taxation without representation' was the slogan they adopted.
And they threatened to stop the import of British goods. The threat led English to repeal the Stamp Act, but Parliament still insisted that it had the right to levy taxes. Then Parliament imposed a tax on consumer goods coming into the colonies, such as paper, glass, tea and paint.
Again the colonies objected saying that only their own assemblies had the right to raise money through taxes. In protest the colonies cut down the English imports by one-half. The English withdrew the plan- leaving only the tax on tea to assert their right to levy taxes.
The tax on tea led to trouble. In 1773, several colonies refused to unload the tea coming in English ships.
In Boston, when the governor ordered a ship to be unloaded, a group of citizens, dressed as American Indians, boarded the ship and dumped the crates of tea into the water.
This incident is known as 'the Boston Tea Party'.
The English government then closed the port of Boston to all trade and precipitated the uprising of the colonies.
The representatives of the 13 American colonies met as a group in what is called the First Continental -Congress at Philadelphia in 1774. This Congress appealed to the English King to remove restrictions on industries and trade and not to impose any taxes without their consent.
The King declared their action a mutiny and ordered troops to be sent to suppress it. The colonies then planned for military defence with local troops or militia.
In 1775, the first battle of the revolution was fought when a thousand soldiers met the colonial militia in Independence.
The Declaration On 4 July 1776, the Second Continental Congress asserted 'that all men are created equal, Congress adopted the Declaration of that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these rights are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness'.
The Declaration advanced the principle that the people are the source of authority and affirmed the people's right to set up their own government.
The Declaration also stated that the American colonies had been oppressed by the English government and that 'these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states'.
Up to this time the colonists had been fighting for their rights as Englishmen. After the Declaration in 1776, they fought for their right to be an independent nation.
George Washington was put in command of the American forces. The first battles took place in and around Boston. Then English sent a force to Canada with the plan to march it south to meet another English force, and so cut the American colonies in half.
But an English general spoiled the plan. As the English marched south, the Americans met and defeated them.
This victory of the rough American militia-men against a trained British force gave the Americans confidence.
The French government now decided to help the colonies with troops, supplies and funds—to embarrass the English, Frances old enemy. Other enemies of English—Spain and Holland—were soon fighting the English elsewhere
Meanwhile, trouble was brewing for Britain at home. There was a threat of rebellion in Ireland; some leaders in
Parliament were opposing the war with the colonists.
The war ended in 1781 when the English commander, Cornwallis, later to become governor-general in India, surrendered.
Two years later, in 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed and the English recognized the independence of its 13 former colonies.
When the war of independence started, each of the 13 colonies was a separate state with its own army, boundaries, customs duties and finances. But they co-operated against a common enemy.
In 1781, as states of the United States, they united through a plan for a national government. A constitutional convention was called in Philadelphia to frame a new constitution, which came into effect in 1789.
The American constitution established a republican form of government at a time when states in other parts of the world were governed by monarchies.
The American Constitution set up a federal system under which powers were divided between a central or federal government and the state governments.
Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, and his followers campaigned for the addition of a Bill of Rights to the federal constitution.
This was done through ten amendments which guaranteed many rights to the American people. The most noted of these are freedom of speech, press and religion, and justice under law.
The constitution marked the emergence of the United States of America as a nation in world history. It was the first written republican constitution ever framed in history, which is still in operation.
The words of the Declaration of Independence regarding the equality of all men and the 'inalienable rights' of man electrified the atmosphere in America and outside. Lafayette, the French general who fought on the side of American revolutionaries, was soon to become a hero of the French Revolution. Thomas Paine also participated in the French Revolution.
By its example, the American Revolution inspired many revolutionaries in Europe later in the 19th century. It encouraged Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Central and South America to rebel and gain their independence.
The main achievement of the American Revolution was the establishment of a republic. This republic was, however, not truly democratic. The right to vote was limited. Negroes— most of them still slaves—American Indians, and women had no vote.
Election laws in all states favored men of property for many years. But progress towards democracy had begun. In some states, state religion was abolished, along with religious qualifications for holding public offices.
Early in the 19th century, many new areas were added to the United States. The vast territory in the middle of the continent, known as Louisiana, was purchased from France. Florida was acquired from Spain.
By the 1850's, after a war with Mexico, the United States had extended its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean. People had continued to move west. The westward expansion of the United States was at the expense of the
American Indians who were driven out of their territories and in the course of a few decades their population was reduced to an insignificant number.
Increasing settlements in the west brought about increasing conflicts between the southern states that wanted to extend slavery to the western territories and the northern states that objected to a slave economy.
A change of revolutionary significance came with the Civil War when slave-owning states of the south seceded from the Union and set up a separate government. The Civil War raged from 1861 to 1865 and ended in the defeat of the southern states.
It was a victory for the capitalistic industrial states of the north over the slave-owning states of the south. The federal government abolished slavery. The abolition of slavery, however, did not end discrimination against the Black people and their struggle to make equal rights a reality continued.
In the Next three parts, we'll see
Unification of Germany and Italy; Revolutionary movements in other parts of Europe
Rise of Socialism
For archive of all World history related articles visit Mrunal.org/history
25 Comments on "[Old NCERT World History Ch8] American Revolution: Causes, Boston Tea Party, Declaration of Independence (Part 1 of 4)"
siddarth
Mrunal can u please upload the pdf files of all old NCERT history books..
NACHIKET
hi, old history NCERTS are republished by Orient Blackswan. You can follow following lnk,
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last one is out of stock, but you can get it later….
thanx nachiket..
Dear, your website name appeared in the Yojana Magazine as a source of information, congrats !!!
Page-38 of June, 2013.
Am not aware whether it happened before or not but really great.
चन्द्रदॆव्
Yes !!! its a great achievement. In future UPSC jury members will ask – whether u r a regular reader of mrunal.org ?
Congrats !!!
thanks again sir
Sir as an Aspirant with History Optional i cant thank you enough for providing such well versed material on World History… Can you or tell me about any source/book for GS4 Ethics and how is RK Arora's book " Ethical Governance in Business and Government" any good.. pls reply
THANKS SIR CAN U PLZ SUGGEST THE BOOK OR GUIDE OF PUBLIC EVENT AND POLICY.
Vikash
you are GREAT GREAT Sir
thank you mrunal
appu srva
Mrunal Bro… You are awesome. We owe a lot to you. Thank you so much. :)
check here https://twitter.com/soniaw17/status/356423292351021058
anks
Hey, I would like to add to the definition of revolution, It is a subjective term, For eg. Marx has called revolution only if there is change in the economic structure and the method has to be violent as the people enjoying status quo would relent on the other hand Aristotle being a functionalist considers even a slight change from the present is a revolution and he is against revolution and even given ways to prevent it and Gandhi has said revolution is direct action that can take place only when the people are able to shed there fears and concept of sarvodaya etc apply in his works.
Thus revolution is not a monolithic concept. :)
Thanks @ Anks
thank u mrunal sir !!
*A small correction* the slogan "no taxation without representation" was adopted in stamp act congress held in new york where 9 colonies formed into a group.
lucidly defined material at one place
thanku sir
Name? kuldeep singh
thanks a lot to mrunal fr providing us compiled notes
Venus Nageshwar
Sir….kya aao in sabhi world history ncert topic ki pdf file upload kr skte h… :)
Kranthi
Hi sir hw can i download mains material from mrunal specially wprld history
priti
Grammatical mistake-everywhere it's written 'peoples' instead of people
Sushil kumat
Sir old ncert history class 9 th ke chapter 7 and chapter 8 ko v upload kr dijiye. Kisi brother ke pas ho to please share.
from which ncert book you have prepared the above notes??
Sharanu cm
Tx sir


Current Carefree brand, lost in a sea of pink.
The first step was to understand the products current brand, and find pain points surrounding it. Carefree disappears on the shelf among other brands with similar color pallets and graphics.
Mood board presented to Johnson & Johnson.
After understanding the current brand the next step was to define the style and message of the the rebranding through mood boards. Above is the mood board our team and Johnson & Johnson felt embodied what the Carefree brand should strive to embody.
Sketches were done to ideate new functions and shapes for the actual packaging, to bring the rebranding to a higher level.
Final concepts consisted of two purchasing options, a home base box and applicators for users on the go.
The Home Base box includes a window to display level how many liners are left, and a dispenser for single liner rip off tabs.
On the go Applicator box.
The Applicator box holds five applicators that use the same rip off single liner dispenser as the Home Base box.


Tata Motors has announced that they will hike the prices of Nano by Rs 9000 on an average across all variants in response to the sharp increase in raw materials such as steel and rubber over the last two years. The company is intending to launch a deluxe version of the Nano in India by 2012 which will feature a larger, more powerful engines, power steering, air bags and ABS. The deluxe version would cost much more than the current LX variant and if Tata Motors can keep the price below Rs 3 lakh, it could put a cat among the pigeons in the luxury small car segment.


text:
© 2019 NBC NEWS.COM
OUT Politics and Policy
Trinidad and Tobago set to decriminalize homosexuality
A judge ruled Thursday that the Caribbean nation's colonial-era laws banning gay sex are unconstitutional.
Members of the LGBT community demonstrate outside the Hall of Justice in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago on April 12, 2018.Andrea de Silva / Reuters
April 12, 2018, 3:58 PM ET / Updated April 12, 2018, 3:58 PM ET
By Brooke Sopelsa
Trinidad and Tobago is set to decriminalize homosexuality after a high court judge ruled Thursday that the Caribbean nation's colonial-era law banning gay sex is unconstitutional.
"The court declares that sections 13 and 16 of the [Sexual Offenses Act] are unconstitutional, illegal, null, void, invalid and of no effect to the extent that these laws criminalise any acts constituting consensual sexual conduct between adults," Justice Devindra Rampersad wrote in his ruling.
Section 13 of the country's Sexual Offenses Act states that a person who engages in "buggery" — another term for anal sex — could face up to 25 years in prison. Section 16 states that an individual who "commits an act of serious indecency" — defined as an act "other than sexual intercourse" involving the "use of the genital organ for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire" —could face 5 years in prison.
LGBTQ activist Jason Jones filed a lawsuit in February 2017 to overturn Trinidad and Tobago's gay sex laws.Sean Drakes / LatinContent - Getty Images file
The lawsuit was filed in February 2017 by LGBTQ activist Jason Jones against the country's attorney general. Jones, a native of Trinidad and Tobago and the United Kingdom, claimed Sections 13 and 16 of the Sexual Offenses Act violated his right to privacy and freedom of expression.
Following Judge Rampersad's ruling, Jones took to Twitter to celebrate his victory and thank his supporters.
Kenita Placide, a Caribbean adviser for LGBTQ human rights group OutRight Action International, which has been following the case, applauded Judge Rampersad's decision in a statement sent to NBC News.
"The judge came down on the right side of history in this case by striking down the buggery law and ruling it as unconstitutional," Placide stated. "The activism and advocacy will continue in Trinidad and Tobago and across the Caribbean until equality for LGBTIQ people is guaranteed."
Placide said she hopes the ruling in Trinidad and Tobago, along with a similar 2016 ruling in Belize, will carry the momentum to other parts of the region with anti-LGBTQ rules on the books.
Not everyone in the country of 1.3 million was rooting for the removal of laws banning gay sex. According to OutRight Action International, opposition from conservative religious groups was strong.
A spokesperson for Christian group T&T Cause warned that the removal of the "buggery laws" would be a "slippery slope to same-sex marriage," which she called "a cancer."
The decision by Judge Rampersad sets in motion the decriminalization of homosexuality in Trinidad and Tobago, but a final judgment regarding exactly what will happen to Sections 13 and 16 of the Sexual Offenses Act will be made in July.
More than 70 nations around the world currently criminalize homosexuality, and in several countries the punishment for same-sex sexual activity could be death, according to a 2017 report by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex Association (ILGA).
FOLLOW NBC OUT ON TWITTER, FACEBOOK AND INSTAGRAM


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Chicago Public Schools' Local School Council elections will be held Wednesday, April 13, 2016 (report card pickup day) from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
Sayre's LSC includes 12 members: the principal, 6 parents/legal guardians, 2 community residents, 2 teachers, and 1 non-teacher staff member. Parents and community members vote for up to 5 parent and community representative candidates (School staff chooses the two teacher members and non-teacher staff member).
Parent and community voters must present 2 forms of I. D. to the election judges. Parent voters must present at least one form of I. D. or documentation establishing that they are the parent, legal guardian or temporary custodian of a child enrolled in the school (your student's report card is accepted). Community voters must present at least one I. D. with a current residential address within Sayre's attendance area.
Winners will serve a two-year term starting July 1, 2016. Here's more info on the election and the LSC in general from CPS.
Candidates without official statements posted at the school are invited to submit unofficial statements, we will link them above. Thanks to all candidates and voters for taking the time to get involved in our school and our community!


text:
The Obama Canon
By Rollo Romig
Back in December, at the McNally Jackson bookstore on Prince Street, a bookseller named John McGregor put together a table display of the fifty books that, as far as he could tell, had most influenced Barack Obama when he was young. McGregor labelled his display "How History Was Made: Books That Inspired A President," and customers liked it. Inevitably, a panel discussion was proposed, and last Friday night Eric Alterman, Susan Jacoby, David Samuels, and Colm Tóibín convened at the store to talk about the Obama canon.
"I would almost vote for this guy on the basis of a reading list like this," Alterman said. Samuels wasn't so sure. "Of all the books on this list, the only one that didn't seem like it came from a college reading list is 'Gilead,'" he said. "You don't see the vote he's going to get from it—the Marilyn Robinson vote—so you can see he liked it."
Behind every book, it seemed, a motive lurked. "I don't think anyone has ever read 'The Golden Notebook' who didn't do it to please someone else," Jacoby said. They were at least as impressed with what Obama wasn't reading. "He's not reading about Mother Theresa," Tóibín noted approvingly. Jacoby agreed, adding, "He's not reading Pearl Buck." Then there were the sins of omission: "He's probably read 'On the Origin of Species,' even though it isn't on the list," Jacoby said.
The evening offered more psychoanalysis than literary analysis. "I think it's easy to project all these thoughts onto Barack Obama," Samuels said, a point the panelists were all too happy to prove. Samuels himself suggested that Obama had become a reader "to find a usable identity," and fretted over the hypothetical geo-political consequences of the President's hypothetical father issues. Tóibín wondered what had gone through Obama's head as he read "Hamlet." ("His father is a ghost!" he said spookily.)
Throughout the discussion, a timeless question recurred: Is Obama truly a writer, or is he just a person who writes? No amount of bickering could divine an answer. (Not that being a writer would necessarily be better. "As a writer myself, I wouldn't vote for myself for dogcatcher," Samuels said. "And I wouldn't vote for any of my friends, either.")
As far as Obama's own literary output, the panelists agreed that "Dreams from My Father" was a work of great merit, while "The Audacity of Hope" was more of a hack job. There were dark suggestions, though, that "Dreams from my Father" also betrayed evidence of self-censorship, pandering, and other clues that Obama had written it in order to position himself for his future Presidential campaign. Sitting next to me in the audience, my fiancée thought that they had the question exactly backwards. "I think he became President in order to increase his book sales," she said.


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text:
Q: How in .htaccess enable gzip only for certain url of the site? I have the site on yii2. I am using pretty URL.

And now I have the following settings for compressing:
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>

SetOutputFilter DEFLATE

SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary

SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \.(?:exe|t?gz|zip|bz2|sit|rar)$ no-gzip dont-vary

# Make proxies work as they should.

<IfModule mod_headers.c>

Header append Vary User-Agent

</IfModule>

</IfModule>

How can I enable compressing for url foo1/bar1 and foo2/bar2?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Github Copying Branch and collaborator setting between Repos I have a standard repo with the permissions, collaborators, and branch controls (e.g. on PRs etc) which are optimal to our group.
Is there a way of copying these setting to new and existing groups within the github UI?
Faling that, are them some automated scripts for doing this (I have used the API for doing some of this, but am hoping to avoid that.)
I tried using templates, but that only copied file structure.


text:
Robert T. White
Major O-4, U.S. Army
U.S. Army 1960-1962, 1965-1966, 1967-1985
U.S. Army Reserve 1962-1965, 1966-1967
Vietnam War 1967-1968, 1969-1973 (POW)
Bob White was born in 1940 in Geneva, Illinois. After attending DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, for 2 years, Bob enlisted in the U.S. Army on November 29, 1960. Pvt White completed basic training at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, in February 1961, and then served with the 249th General Hospital at Fitzsimmons General Hospital in Denver, Colorado, from February 1961 until he left active duty and entered the Army Reserve on September 12, 1962. He reenlisted and returned to active duty in the Army on August 24, 1965, and again completed basic training at Fort Leonard Wood in November 1965. Specialist White then entered the Warrant Officer Candidate program and completed Rotary-Wing Flight School at Fort Rucker, Alabama, in August 1966; receiving his appointment as a Warrant Officer in the U.S. Army at the same time. He next completed Aircraft Maintenance Officer training at Fort Eustis, Virginia, in December 1966, followed by service with the 1st Cavalry Division in South Vietnam from January 1967 to January 1968. During this time, Warrant Officer White received his commission as a 2d Lt in the Army on December 2, 1967. He served at Fort Eustis from February to September 1968, and then attended the Fixed-Wing Qualification Course at Fort Stewart, Georgia, from September 1968 to January 1969. Lt White returned to Fort Eustis from January to June 1969, and then completed OV-1 Mohawk transition training at Fort Rucker and at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, in September 1969. His next assignment was as an OV-1 pilot with the 1st Aviation Brigade in South Vietnam from October 1969 until he was forced to eject from his stricken aircraft over South Vietnam and was taken as a Prisoner of War on November 15, 1969. After spending 1,234 days in captivity, Captain White became the last American Prisoner of War released during Operation Homecoming on April 1, 1973. He was briefly hospitalized to recover from his injuries at Fort Eustis, and then attended the Aviation Maintenance Officers Course at Fort Eustis from August to October 1973, followed by the Aviation Refresher Course, UH-1 Refresher Course, Fixed-Wing Qualification Course, and the OV-1 Refresher Course between October 1973 and February 1974. Captain White served with Headquarters U.S. Army Transportation Center and Fort Eustis from February 1974 to 1976, and then received an assignment to complete his college degree from 1976 to 1977. His next assignment was to CH-47 Chinook transition training at Fort Rucker, followed by service as a CH-47 pilot with the 179th Aviation Company at Fort Carson, Colorado, from December 1977 to May 1978. Major White served as an Aviation Maintenance Officer with the Division Material Management Center at Fort Carson from May to December 1978, and then as as a staff officer with Headquarters Division Support Command at Fort Carson from December 1978 to June 1979. His next assignment was as Airfield Commander with the U.S. Army Garrison at Fort Carson from July 1979 to May 1980, followed by service as an Advisor to the U.S. Army Reserve at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, from June 1980 to October 1982. Major White attended the Rotary Wing Aviator Refresher Training Course at Fort Rucker from October to November 1982, and then served as Deputy Commander for Operations with the 205th Transportation Battalion in West Germany from December 1982 until his retirement from the Army on March 1, 1985.
His 2nd Bronze Star Medal Citation reads:
Captain Robert T. White, Transportation Corps, distinguished himself by meritorious service in connection with military operations against an opposing force while serving as a Prisoner of War in the Republic of Vietnam and Cambodia from 15 November 1969 to 1 April 1973. During this period, Captain White performed duties in such a manner as to maintain good order and discipline. Captured in the jungles of the Republic of Vietnam, he endured periods of interrogation, starvation, inadequate or nonexistent medical care and was provided totally inadequate shelter. Because of the frustration and hatred built up in his mind over the long years and the constant harassment of the Vietnamese, many difficult situations arose which required perseverance, endurance, and ingenuity. With calm tenacious effort, he overcame those obstacles and never wavered in loyalty to his country. Throughout this period, he exhibited outstanding professional skill, knowledge, and leadership while suffering physical pain and mental stress. HIs behavior and performance as a Prisoner of War in the face of an armed enemy clearly marked him as an exceptional soldier and American. His resistance to enemy pressure was often accomplished at grave risk of personal bodily harm. Captain White's courage, aggressiveness, and leadership by example were in the highest traditions of the military service and reflected great credit upon himself, the military service and the United States of America.


text:
Health World
Global Supply Of Chips Is In Danger Unless Taiwan Gets Vaccines
May 24, 2021 May 24, 2021 Kaleem Naqvi 26 Views 0 Comments Taiwan 8 min read
Back in February, as the world was beating a path to Taiwan door for help to tackle a shortage of semiconductors, the health minister got into a scrap with China over Covid-19 vaccines.
Taiwan is now facing a surge in coronavirus cases that could result in a lockdown
Back in February, as the world was beating a path to Taiwan's door for help to tackle a shortage of semiconductors, the health minister got into a scrap with China over Covid-19 vaccines.
Beijing, he suggested, had used political pressure to derail Taiwan's plan to purchase five million doses directly from Germany's BioNTech SE, rather than via a Chinese company which held the rights to develop and market the BioNTech-Pfizer Inc vaccine across China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying retorted that Taipei "should stop hyping up political issues under the pretext of vaccine issues."
Three months later, Taiwan is paying the price for a lack of vaccines, with a surge in virus cases that threatens to trigger a lockdown. Having successfully sidestepped the first Covid wave, the government now faces a health emergency — only about 1 per cent of its population is vaccinated so far — with the potential to disrupt the chip industry that dominates the local economy, and which is critical to an already-squeezed global supply.
That's a link made by the head of Taiwan's office in New York, who warned of "logistical problems" without access to more shots. Yet by shunning vaccines from China and warning of more chip shortages if it can't source enough doses elsewhere, the government is giving even greater incentive to the world's biggest economies to make investments that may erode Taiwan's competitive edge in semiconductors over the long term.
Taiwan's predicament illustrates its strategic yet vulnerable position at the confluence of US-China tensions. Separated by a 110 mile (177 km)-wide strait, Taiwan is regarded as a province by Beijing and its conquest is President Xi Jinping's key goal for historical and ideological reasons. The US is an ally of Taipei's democratic government and a big buyer of its exports, dominated by chips produced by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co.
The onset late last year of chip shortages that have hobbled industries from autos to computer gaming had looked to give Taipei global leverage. TSMC is the world's leading provider of cutting-edge semiconductors and holds 56 per cent of the so-called foundry business of manufacturing chips designed by customers including Apple Inc. and Qualcomm Inc.
But Taiwan has suffered a sudden reversal of fortunes. The pandemic comes just as a drought triggers power outages, stoking economic uncertainty and a slump in what was the world's best performing stock index in the four years to January.
What's more, the very source of Taiwan's recent geopolitical clout — its dominance of the market for cutting-edge chips — is under attack as governments from the US to Europe and Japan, alerted to the strategic nature of the semiconductor supply chain, seek to spur production at home. China is pumping billions into catching up after Washington imposed export controls on US chip technology.
"I think we've become too dependent on Taiwan and Korea, that's the point, we need a more balanced global supply chain," Pat Gelsinger, chief executive officer of Silicon Valley's Intel Corp., the world's biggest chipmaker, said in an interview. The US and Europe should act "more aggressively" to counter the "imbalance" of Asia's lead in manufacturing semiconductors that are mostly consumed in the west, he said.
Intel is a rival and plans to challenge TSMC at the cutting edge, but Gelsinger isn't the only voice making for uncomfortable listening in Taiwan. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo said this month that while the Biden administration is working with Taipei and TSMC to address the chip shortage, it's also looking to reduce US dependence on Taiwan. TSMC is in the process of building a new fabrication facility in the US.
Some in Washington have suggested that Taiwan is a backdoor to China by enabling tech transfers. Republicans Michael McCaul and Tom Cotton have called on the administration to engage with Taipei to do more to "mitigate the risk of Taiwanese companies providing services and technologies to entities of concern," a reference to Chinese state-backed companies with links to the military.
With the prospect of some $50 billion in government funding to build out chip making in the US and the promise of still more in Europe and South Korea, there are signs that Taiwan is starting to feel the heat.
The government is working to draft a new export control list targeting technologies with military use, to tighten curbs on exports to China and raise the penalty for violations, according to a person familiar with the issue who asked not to be named discussing policy deliberations.
That's after Alchip Technologies Ltd's stock took a beating in April when the Washington Post reported that it supplied chips to Phytium, a People's Liberation Army-affiliated entity. Alchip said it has always been in compliance with government regulations and that Phytium projects were on hold.
Taipei has become more alert to the possibility of Chinese companies ramping up efforts to recruit Taiwanese engineers. Last month the Cabinet met to discuss how to prevent the outflow of local talent, with the Ministry of Labour instructing local job-search websites to remove ads recruiting Taiwanese citizens to work for China, particularly in the semiconductor industry.
Companies and headhunters can be fined as much as NT$500,000 ($17,900) for advertising such jobs and NT$5 million for facilitating local engineers' employment with Chinese companies on the mainland, ministry official Huang Chiao-ting said.
Job search site 1111 said it has removed close to 3,000 job listings. Investigators have visited the local offices of four Chinese companies, including Bitmain Technologies Ltd, within the last two months to look into allegations they recruited engineers illegally.
"By more aggressively investigating Chinese companies' efforts to poach Taiwanese engineers, we hope we can help prevent potential trade secrets leaking to China should local talent get hired away," said Judy Chen, a spokeswoman for the Hsinchu District Prosecutors Office. She declined to name the other companies probed.
Members of the ruling Democratic Progressive Party are considering amending the law to boost penalties for intellectual property theft. Lawmaker Chao Tien-lin is proposing life sentences for those found guilty of economic espionage, a crime not currently on the statute books in Taiwan.
Also read: Chip shortage in focus as Japan automakers ready to report profit drop
"Taiwan needs to win trust from its partners and help prevent China from building a supply chain from stolen technology," Chao said in comments provided by his assistant.
Whether it's enough to allay concerns in Washington may become clearer with the publication of President Joe Biden's review of the semiconductor supply chain. The 100-day review is due to conclude on June 4. What's already known is that there is bipartisan support to build US chip making, and Taiwan is in the cross hairs.
"Taiwan dominates semiconductor manufacturing, and one company, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, virtually controls the market," Senator John Cornyn, a Texas Republican who introduced the CHIPS for America Act to boost US production, said on the Senate floor this month.
The sustainability of Taiwan's industry has also come into question after it suffered power outages this month, focusing attention on environmental factors including water shortages and uncertainty over future electricity supply for power-hungry chip plants.
Taiwan can potentially overcome the virus outbreak as well as the power and water shortages, showing its companies "can still satisfy global demand by manufacturing mostly in Taiwan without any issue," said Arisa Liu, a researcher at the Taiwan Institute of Economic Research.
In the short term that will require vaccines, most likely from Europe or the US.
According to Chunhuei Chi, a former health-policy adviser in Taiwan who is now director of the Centre for Global Health at Oregon State University, "many politicians in Taiwan urged the Taiwanese government to use microchips as leverage" for vaccines.
While the government is reluctant to use that leverage explicitly, "if the US is concerned about the supply of chips from TSMC, the US would have incentives to provide Taiwan with vaccines to make sure production will not be disrupted by this outbreak," he said.
Originally published at Bloomberg
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Motorcycle riders across South Carolina should applaud recent reports indicating that Governor Nikki Haley has decided to sign a measure that would bring equal treatment to motorcycles in public spaces.
The measure, known as the Motorcycle Equal Access Bill, would require equal access for motorcyclists in any publicly funded space. This means that motorcyclists and their motorcycles would be allowed on all public highways, bridges, parking garages and any other public space that is open to other vehicles. The law not only mandates equal access, but would also require local governments to make changes to garages and parking lots that were not initially made to accommodate motorcycles.
The measure has garnered support from motorcycle groups not only in South Carolina, but from all across the country. Advocates for change say they approve of any attempt to create more equality for motorcyclists under the law. Until now, it's been possible for cities and counties to erect publicly funded garages and then choose to discriminate against motorcyclists, prohibiting an entire group of drivers from using the very structures their tax dollars go to support.
The South Carolina Abate Motorcycle group has specifically said that its members long felt it was unfair to require taxpayers to pay for garages and other public spaces that local lawmakers would then selectively prohibit motorcyclists from using. The hope is that the bill, which will soon be signed at the South Carolina State House, will usher in a climate of motorcycle equality in the state. The bill is seen by some as an important step to attract more motorcyclists to visit and relocate to South Carolina.
Though exclusion from public spaces is one problem that the Motorcycle Equal Access Bill is designed to address, far more important is what many see as an institutional bias directed against motorcyclists. This bias is often reflected in interactions with law enforcement officials or the justice system in certain personal injury cases. Motorcyclists have long complained that they are unfairly targeted by police officers or the victims of bias in the event of an injury-producing accident.
The reality is that motorcyclists are no more likely than anyone else to disobey traffic laws or engage in reckless driving. Stereotypes of dangerous bikers are outdated and fail to reflect the reality that those who enjoy riding motorcycles today come from a variety of diverse backgrounds. Motorcyclists simply want to be treated equally by law enforcement authorities and fairly by insurance companies and others following a South Carolina car-motorcycle accident. When that kind of biased treatment is finally eliminated, South Carolina indeed will become a magnet for motorcyclists across the country.
We understand that motorcycle accidents can be scary, leaving injured bikers and their families with expensive medical bills and confusion over how to move forward. If you've been injured in a South Carolina motorcycle accident and have concerns, feel free to contact David Aylor today at (843) 577-5530.
Source: "Motorcycle bill aims to bring equal treatment in SC," by Hannah Moseley, published at WMBFNews.com.


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Photographers Get Married In Kenyan Savanna
Faces December, 16 2014 Olga Denyshchyk
Wildlife researchers celebrate their wedding according to Maasai tribal traditions.
Traveler and wedding photographer Jonas Peterson wrote in his blog about his wedding in Kenyan National Wildlife Reserve. Wildlife photographer Nina, who spent the last several years photographing lions, and her fiancé Sebastian decided to get married on tribal land in Maasai Mara. While preparing a photo book about wildlife in African savanna, Nina became close friends with the Maasai and invited them for the wedding. The bride said, that she considers the Maasai almost as close as family and therefore decided to follow their wedding traditions. Nina was wearing a traditional Maasai wedding necklace, called enkarewa. And, instead of Mendelsshon's "Wedding March" she and her husband danced to the music and singing of Maasai people.
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{ "img": "/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/008b-masai-mara-wedding-by-jonas-peterson-.jpg"}
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The Clearview Glass Group will custom make your frameless glass balustrade using 12mm Toughened Safety Glass. Our glass is manufactured and installed to Australian Standards, with polished edges to ensure maximum safety, durability and that stunning look.
Glass panels mounted on (316 grade) stainless steel spigots which are core drilled into the existing concrete slab. Fully frameless gates with stainless steel fittings can be used.


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Home / Products / 2023 Animal Life Desk Pad
2023 Animal Life Desk Pad
Planning doesn't have to be boring! From fun-filled patterns and vibrant colors to whimsical illustrations, you'll be smiling all year with our 12-month desk pad calendar featuring a cute new theme each month. The monthly tear-off pages boast extra-large monthly grids with plenty of writing space for appointments, to-dos and reminders as well as a view of the previous and upcoming month.
Spanning January 2023 through December 2023, this 22" (w) x 17" (h) desk calendar has high quality, thick paper allowing for smooth writing and easy erasing. With a horizontal orientation, the calendar can either lay flat on a desk or be hung on the wall by the drilled holes and includes corner protectors. Packaged in a poly bag.