Mark joined North Coast Executive Consulting in 2013 as a Financial Planning Specialist. Mark is responsible for the creation and presentation of all of the Financial Plans for the practice. Mark is also very proficient in technological applications and keeps the practice on the cutting edge of technology.
Prior to working at North Coast Executive Consulting Mark served in the United States Army for 3 years. He was stationed in El Paso, Texas where he was an army medic.
Mark is an avid golfer and currently holds an Associate Degree from the San Diego Golf Academy. He is currently attending the University of Akron and is set to graduate in 2018 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration, specializing in Financial Planning. Mark plans on sitting for the CFP (Certified Financial Planning) exam post-graduation.
Mark was born and raised and the Cleveland area. Currently he lives in Solon. Mark enjoys golfing, traveling, and spending time with friends and family, and his 7 year old twin boys.


Update (5:43 PM) - Hi Everyone. Going with the OAK, LAD, & MIL bats while still paying up for deGrom! Image is updated below. Good Luck!
Let's take a look at our initial lineup for tonight's 10-game MLB DraftKings "Main" slate that starts at 7:05pm.
Don't forget to check out our MLB FanDuel "Main" lineup for tonight!!!
On the mound tonight, we're going to be targeting the MIN/NYM game as we're going with Jacob deGrom & Kyle Gibson.
deGrom is the obvious choice on the mount tonight as he has picked up where he left off last season as the RHP has been absolutely dominant over his first two starts of the season against Washington & Miami. Over those two starts, deGrom has gone a combined 13.0 IP, giving up 0 ER's while striking out 24 opposing hitters. deGrom has a high price tag and the match-up isn't the greatest as the Twins have done a decent job avoiding strikeouts, however, the Twins have very little experience against the hard-throwing RHP.
I don't love going with both pitchers in the same match-up, however, as I want to be able to pay up for some bats, I think Gibson has some of the best value as a SP2. Gibson got off to a rocky start against the Royals, however, he did look decent before a rough 5th inning. Gibson was impressive last season as he posted a 3.74 ERA and had a respectable 8.19 K/9 ratio. The Mets have been decent against RHP however, they do strikeout a bunch as they rank dead last in MLB in team strikeout rate at 11.0 K/game. Gibson obviously has some risk, but I think the value is their tonight as he has potential for a 6-8 K's.
We're going to start off offensively with a stack of LA Dodgers in their match-up against the RHP Dakota Hudson of the St. Louis Cardinals. Hudson struggled in his only start of the season against Milwaukee and I think the Dodgers bats will be looking forward to the match-up as Hudson gave up 3 HR's in just 4.1 IP in that start against the Brewers.
For the Dodgers, were' going with Max Muncy, Kiki Hernandez, Corey Seager, and Alex Verdugo.
Muncy exploded on the scene last season, hitting 35 HR's, and it looks like he has lost the power stroke as he has already 3 HR's & 10 RBI's on the season. Muncy has a 4-game hitting streak and is hitting .375 over the past week.
We generally target Hernandez when he is going up against LHP, however, for his price tag, I have no problem playing Hernandez tonight as he comes into this game hitting .364 with 3 HR's & 8 RBI's. Hernandez isn't as great against RHP, however, he hasn't been bad against them this season to date as he comes into this match-up with an impressive 1.139 OPS vs. RHP.
As we mentioned yesterday, I think Seager is just too cheap for as good as a hitter he is. Over his last 4 games, Seager is 7 for 17 and as he has posted a .333 average & .971 OPS vs. RHP on the season, I'll gladly take him again tonight.
We'll have to make sure that Verdugo gets the start tonight, however, he has started his last two games vs. RHP and is solid value as he comes into this game hitting .350 on the season with 2 HR's.
For Oakland, we're going with Josh Phegley. Phegley might be hitting at the end of the lineup, but the 6-year veteran has gotten off to a great start this season and over the past week is hitting .462. Phegley has hit HR's in back-to-back games and although it's a small sample, is 3 for 7 vs. LHP on the season.
For Baltimore, we're going with Trey Mancini. Mancini is off to an outstanding start to his season as he comes into this game hitting .385 with 5 HR's & 11 RBI's. Mancini has a 1.274 OPS at Camden Yards this season and a 1.203 OPS vs. LHP and I still think is underpriced in this match-up.
At 3B tonight, we're going with Travis Shaw of the Milwaukee Brewers in his match-up against Matt Harvey of the LA Angels. It's been a struggle for Harvey so far this season as the RHP is coming off a game against the Rangers I which he allowed 8 ER's on 10 hits in just 4.0 IP. Shaw has had a slow start to his season, however, I like his value tonight as he is 6 for 14 (.429 average) against Harvey in his career and obviously has plenty of HR upside.
Rounding out the team, is another value pick in the Angels Kole Calhoun. Calhoun is off to another slow start this season, but he has had hit 2 HR's and although he is in a tough match-up against Freddy Peralta, I can't complain of rostering a play with some HR-upside that will be hitting at the top of the lineup for just $3,400.


"DATA STRUCTURING IN THE DDL AND RELATIONAL MODEL"
G.M. Nijssen, IFIP-TC2, Corsica 1974.
"SET AND CODASYL SET OR COSET"
Paper presented at IFIP TC-2 Working Conference.
An In-Depth Evaluation of DDL, Wepion, January 1975.
G.M. Nijssen, Information Systems Vol. 1, pp 115-132, Pergamon Press 1975.
"DATABASE MANAGEMENT LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS"
G.M. Nijssen, Information, Mei 1976 (Dutch).
G.M. Nijssen, IFIP-TC-2, Freudenstadt 1976.
"SOME PREREQUISITES FOR A COMPLETE AND SIMPLE CODASYL DML"
G.M. Nijssen, Informatie, April 1977 (Dutch).
"THE NEXT FIVE YEARS IN DATA BASE TECHNOLOGY"
G.M. Nijssen, INFOTECH 1977, London.
G.M. Nijssen, Thesis, Universiteit Leuven 1977.
"CURRENT ISSUES IN CONCEPTUAL SCHEMA CONCEPTS"
G.M. Nijssen, IFIP-TC-2, Nice 1977.
G.M. Nijssen, IFIP 1977, Toronto.
Paper presented at European Computing Review. February 1978 - London.
"FUNDAMENTS ABOUT UPDATE PROGRAMMING IN CURRENT DBMS"
"DATA DICTIONARY AND FUTURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS"
G.M. Nijssen/F. Van Assche 1979.
Paper presented at NCC 1979, New York.
G.M. Nijssen, IFIP-WG-8.1, Oxford 1979.
"MODELING IN DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS"
G.M. Nijssen, Euro-IFIP 1979, London 1979.
"ONE, TWO AT THREE CONCEPTUAL SCHEMATA"
Informatief, CDC Holland, 1979, jg. 2, nr. 1.
"EXPERIENCE WITH A THREE-SCHEMA ARCHITECTURE DBMS"
G.M. Nijssen, NBS Workshop 1980, Gaithersburg.
G.M. Nijssen, Seminar Text, CDC 1980.
"A FRAMEWORK FOR ADVANCED MASS STORAGE APPLICATIONS"
G.M. Nijssen, IFIP-Med-Info 1980, Tokyo.
G.M. Nijssen, INFOTECH 1980, London.
PROGRAMMING' OF FORMAL PROBLEM SPECIFICATIONS"
"AN ARCHITECTURE FOR KNOWLEDGE BASE SOFTWARE"
"DATABASES OF THE FUTURE: DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY"
SOFTWARE OR DATABASE MANAGEMENT IN DIAGRAMS"
G.M. Nijssen, Paper presented to U.S. Management, May 1981.
Information Systems, Vol. 7, nr. 4, 1982.
"AN EXAMPLE OF TOP-DOWN CONCEPTUAL SCHEMA DESIGN"
"A COMPARISON OF CONCEPTUALIZATION AND NORMALIZATION"
"FEATURE ANALYSIS OF ACM/PCM, ClAM, ISAC AND NIAM"
E. Falkenberg, G.M. Nijssen, et aI, November 1982, University of Queensland.
"FROM DATA BASES TO KNOWLEDGE BASES"
Infotech State of the Art Review, November 14-16, 1983, London.
"DES BASES DE DONNEES AUX BASES DE CONNAISSANCES"
AFCET Conference, November 29, 1983, Paris.
E. Falkenberg, G.M. Nijssen, et al.
York, U.K., June 5-7, 1983.
"NIAM: NIJSSENS INFORMATION ANALYSIS METHOD"
FACT-BASED CONCEPTUAL SCHEMAS IN INDUSTRY AND UNIVERSITY"
Conference on Data Semantics, January 1985, Hasselt, Belgium.
Rechtsinformatik Symposion, Salzburg, Austria, 21 February 2014.
München, September 1-5 and to be included in the proceedings.


To live in a 3 bedroom house in North America, a person has to work atleast 8 hours a day to pay for the rent. Sometimes, that is not enough. Some people without a high paying job have to work 12 hours to 16 hours a day to live in such a house. So much work is required just to live in a tiny little house of this world!
On the other hand, the houses of Jannah (Paradise) are not made of 3 bedrooms. Rather, they are gigantic palaces made of the most precious jewels from the treasures of Allah. In this world, we are spending so much time and energy for the 3 bedroom house, however, what are we doing for attaining Jannah?


The following is a summary of all the Admissions related pages on this website.
The following procedure explains the process for children wishing to join Dalat International School. Questions? Contact our admissions department.
Transition is normal and predictable. The Dalat community is here to help with any questions or concerns you may have.
Dalat International School provides the convenience of online credit card payments.
A brief introduction to our school giving an overview of the our results, organization, and relevant information at a glance.
Dalat ensures the confidentiality for all prior student records/transcripts via the international school transcript depository.
Parents and guardians of students who will be leaving Dalat must notify the Admissions office by completing the exit survey.


Congratulations to Anne Mitchell, RN and her lawyer John H. Cook IV on winning an acquittal for Anne, charged with misuse of patient information when she reported a doctor for medical misconduct. Mitchell faced charges of using the patient information with intent of harming the career of the doctor. If convicted, Mitchell could have faced imprisonment of up to 10 years, and a fine as large as $10,000. The jury ruled unanimously in Mitchell's favor, on the first ballot. The Texas Nurses Association, and the American Nurses Association have supported Ms. Mitchell's innocence.
Next, Mitchell and her lawyer are prosecuting Winkler County Memorial Hospital, which fired her and Vicki Galle, and Doctor Arafiles in federal court for violation of Mitchell's First Amendment Rights.
You go, Anne and Vicki! Thanks for standing at the plate and taking a hit for the team. Your courage as patient advocates is inspiring.
This entry was posted in Issues in the News, Posts About Nursing and tagged Anne Mitchell, Dr. Arafiles, patient safety, Sheriff Roberts, Texas Nurses Association, Tidwell, Vicki Galle, whistle blowers, Winkler County Memorial Hospital, Winkler County nurses by jparadisirn. Bookmark the permalink.


I have black socks in my top dresser drawer that have more holes than sock, no kidding.
But let's start at the beginning—70 years ago in high school—when, each lunchtime, I sat with a small group of quiet friends.
One of our group, Steve, listened more than he spoke. But what I found very special about him was how well he dressed; he dressed like a grown-up. One day I brought up his attire and asked why in both winter and summer he always wore black socks. He explained that when he walked he did not want to introduce that small flash of color which would clash with his always conservative dark trousers.
Way back I used to buy them at Macy's which had, and may still have, a very large sock section. Then later, when we got a place in Bridgehampton, I only shopped at K-Mart and, yes—always black socks.
But things changed. I did not find the familiar brands I used to buy in Macy's anymore. Now they have fashion names and I no longer trust Ralph Lauren to give me a soft easy-to-pull-up sock—comfort is not necessarily fashionable.
I ordered "small black socks" from Amazon and received a pair that would fit snugly on a four-year-old but, fortunately, when I complained the young lady said, "we won't charge you." So if you want a sock for a lollipop, I have one.
And then I developed another problem—weak muscles and pained joints—so pulling up a long tight sock and keeping it straight was simply agony. I did have a few short, soft, fat socks and they were a joy to slip on, but they got holes—first small, then bigger and bigger. Polly was very kind and never asked me about them. She just threw them into the wash and then back in the drawer.
One of the few remaining rituals I have is going to Rite Aid on Sunday morning to check out the weekly sales and leaving with only "extra strong" toilet paper. One Sunday, Dusty came up to me, in silence, holding what looked like, and upon inspection was, a pair of men's black socks! Oh wow—I had made many desultory inspections of the Rite Aid underwear section in the vain hope of finding men's socks and now I had them in my hand!
They had only one other pair and as I reached for them I noticed the sign, "Buy one and get 25% off on the second." I snatched that very last pair. Heaven! After decades and decades. I pulled off the cardboard collar on a brand-new sock and discovered there were TWO pairs—oh joy—and then upon further inspection found that they were my old favorite Macy's brand, "Gold Toe." Oh joy again. And, although just a bit tight because they were new, I pulled them on with relative ease. After 70 years—a pair of new socks!


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Home » how fast does cbd salve work
how fast does cbd salve work
Why does the body have receptors for compounds in cannabis? Well, it doesn't exactly. Cannabinoids like THC and CBD are similar enough to compounds that your body naturally makes, called endocannabinoids, that they can interact with this system. Normally, the endocannabinoid system is thought to play a role in a variety of functions in the body, helping to regulate things like parts of the immune system, the release of hormones, metabolism, and memory.
Another study published in 2016 in the European Journal of Pain also looked at arthritis in rats but did so with a topical formulation of CBD. After the rats received an injection into one knee joint to model arthritis, they received a gel that contained either 10 percent CBD (in four different total amounts) or 1 percent CBD (the control) on four consecutive days. The gel was massaged into the rats' shaved backs for 30 seconds each time.
It's totally possible (and actually pretty likely) that any effect you get from a commercially available topical CBD product is a placebo effect or related to some other aspect of the product. But there are a few things going on here that are more complex than they seem.
More recent research suggests that many of CBD's effects may occur outside of CB receptors, Jordan Tishler, M.D., medical cannabis expert at InhaleMD in Boston, tells SELF. In fact, according to a recent review published in Molecules, CBD may have effects on some serotonin receptors (known to play a role in depression and anxiety), adenosine receptors (one of the neurological targets for caffeine), and even TRPV-1 receptors (more commonly associated with taste and the sensation of spiciness).
The only thing that comes close is a Phase 2 clinical trial using a proprietary CBD transdermal gel (meaning it's meant to go through the skin into the bloodstream) in 320 patients with knee osteoarthritis over 12 weeks, which has not been peer-reviewed to date. Unfortunately, in almost all of the study's measures of pain, those who received CBD didn't have statistically different scores from those who got placebo. But "they found some reductions in pain and improvements in physical function," Boehnke says.
Then the researchers measured the inflammation in each rat's knee joint, the level of CBD that made it into their bloodstream, and their pain-related behaviors. They found that the rats that were given the two highest doses of CBD showed significantly lower levels of inflammation and lower pain behavior scores compared to those that got the control. The two lower doses didn't show much of an effect.
"It might be that cannabidiol by itself is helpful for pain, but at this point we don't know that," Cooper says.
First off, we don't know much about the correct dose of CBD needed for a pain-relieving effect. The doses in the rat studies that were effective were pretty large (for a rat, obviously). And the human participants in the Phase 2 clinical trial we mentioned received 250 mg of synthetic CBD topically per day—as much as many consumer topical CBD products contain in a single jar.
When the National Academies of Sciences, Medicine, and Engineering evaluated decades of cannabis research, they concluded that "in adults with chronic pain, patients who were treated with cannabis or cannabinoids are more likely to experience a clinically significant reduction in pain symptoms."
Here's what the research says about using CBD for pain.
"It actually is a very promiscuous compound," Kevin Boehnke, Ph.D., research fellow in the department of anesthesiology and the Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center at the University of Michigan, tells SELF. "It will bind to receptors in multiple different pathways," which makes it difficult to know how it might cause noticeable effects.
If you're ingesting something that only has CBD in it and no THC, you won't have significant effects in the brain. This is why CBD is often referred to as being "non-psychoactive," although that's clearly a bit of an oversimplification because it does do something to the central nervous system.
But if you're reading this, you are probably not a rat, which means these results aren't directly applicable to your life. Although we know that rats do share much of our physiology—including CB1 and CB2 receptors—these studies don't really tell us if humans would have the same results with CBD.
The studies we do have about CBD for pain are all animal studies. For example, in a 2017 study published in Pain, researchers gave rats an injection into one of their knee joints to model osteoarthritis. Rats then either received doses of CBD or saline directly into an artery in the knee joint. Results showed that, after receiving CBD, rats showed less inflammation in the joint area and fewer pain-related behaviors (like shaking or withdrawing the affected paw or not being able to bear weight in that paw) compared to those that received saline.
So…is CBD cream just an expensive placebo?
Personally, I always keep a few jars of it at my desk to help with the shoulder and neck muscle tension inherent in a job consisting mainly of typing and holding a phone next to my face. But it turns out that the research behind these claims is pretty sparse, to say the least. Here's what you need to know before you give topical CBD a try.
Cannabidiol, commonly referred to as CBD, is a cannabinoid, a type of compound found in cannabis (marijuana). Unlike the more well-known cannabinoid THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), CBD does not produce a high.
"There's really no substitute for doing proper human studies, which are difficult, expensive, and ethically complicated," Dr. Tishler says. And we simply don't have them for CBD and pain.
All of this points to how hard it is to study the specific effects of CBD on its own—which might be why it's tempting to claim that it's the cure for everything without a whole lot of research to actually back up all of those claims.
"Cannabidiol is a super messy drug," Ziva Cooper, Ph.D., research director of the UCLA Cannabis Research Initiative in the Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and the department of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences, tells SELF. "It has lots and lots of targets and it's not clear how much of its effects on each target contribute to the potential pain relieving effects."
Settling on the ideal CBD dosage is an important part of the treatment process, and will also impact how long CBD stays in your system. Hemp-derived CBD products are not intended to give the user a stoned buzz or intoxicated feeling, so there's no need to be conservative with the dosage amount. Still, it's recommended to start with a lower dosage and gradually increase it until the ideal effects are discovered.
CBD patches deliver a long-lasting dose very efficiently. Photo by: Shutterstock.
If you're brand new to CBD, start with a few puffs of a smokeable product, 1 milliliter of oil or tincture, or 10 milligrams of CBD if you're consuming an edible product. Wait to see how you respond before consuming more.
Bottom line: Ingesting CBD via a tincture or a CBD oil-infused edible will result in a longer onset (up to two hours) and possibly weaker effects.
Bottom line: The relationship between CBD and the human body is complicated. The method of consumption, the quality of the CBD product, and individual body chemistry all determine how this cannabinoid moves through your body and how long it takes to leave your system.
How long does it take CBD to get out of your system?
For those worried about THC showing up in their system, look for broad-spectrum oil or products that contain pure CBD isolate. Broad-spectrum oil, as opposed to full-spectrum oil, is refined to exclude the trace amounts of THC that may have been present in the hemp plant. Products with CBD isolate contain no THC or other plant-based cannabinoids. To find high-quality CBD, search for products that come with a certificate of analysis from a third-party testing lab to ensure that the information listed on the product label is accurate. Be careful not to confuse hemp seed oil or hemp oil, which seldom contain any CBD at all, with CBD oil. These products will provide a hearty dose of omega-3 fatty acids, but they won't provide any potential pain-relieving or anti-anxiety effects.
CBD can be detected up to 72 hours after smoking. Photo by: Gina Coleman/Weedmaps.
Bottom line: Using a transdermal CBD patch is an efficient, effective way to enjoy the cannabinoid's effects, which set in within an hour and last for several hours, depending on the patch's formulation.
Whether you're smoking a high-CBD strain, puffing on a hemp flower pre-roll, or taking a draw from a CBD vape pen, inhalation is often seen as an effective method of delivery for CBD because of how quickly it's absorbed in the body. When you smoke CBD flower or vape CBD oil, cannabinoids go directly to your lungs where they rapidly enter your bloodstream and circulate throughout your body. CBD reaches peak concentrations within three minutes after consumption, meaning the effects can be felt shortly after use.
Your body's metabolism affects how long it takes to process and metabolize cannabinoids. Photo by: Gina Coleman/Weedmaps.
In recent years, cannabidiol (CBD) oil has skyrocketed in popularity. Knowledge about how it works in the human body, however, has accelerated at a snail's pace. If you've ever wondered, "How long does it take for CBD oil to work?" or "How long will the effects of CBD oil last?" you're not alone.
Bottom line: Applying CBD oil topically isn't likely to have a profound effect, but it may help address mild discomfort in specific areas of your body.
The method of consumption plays a critical role in how long it will take to feel the effects of CBD. CBD is available in many different forms, and each has an influence on the onset time, among other factors.
The way CBD interacts with and leaves your body depends on several factors that vary from person to person.
In this article, we'll answer these questions and cover how different consumption methods will alter your CBD experience.
Dosage matters.
Administering a couple of drops of CBD oil directly under the tongue is the quickest and easiest way to reap the potential benefits. Photo by: Gina Coleman/Weedmaps.
When ingesting CBD edibles, the same principle applies. Let's say, for example, you're taking CBD gummies or adding a few drops of CBD oil into your favorite recipe. It will ultimately go through the same lengthy process and reduce the total CBD concentration in your bloodstream. With ingestion, it could be one to two hours before the effects of CBD finally set in.
The metabolic rate of the individual also has some sway over how long CBD stays in the system. The body's metabolism determines the time needed to break down and synthesize compounds, which affects how long it takes the body to process and metabolize the cannabinoid.
Bottom line: Expect to feel the effects of sublingual administration within 30 minutes. Any effects you feel should last an hour or more but be bolstered at about two hours.
Some people may be apprehensive to try CBD over concerns that it could cause them to fail a drug test. It's highly unlikely that CBD would show up on most drug screenings, as most tests specifically look for the presence of THC and THC metabolites. But even hemp-derived CBD can contain trace amounts of THC, so there's technically a chance — albeit extremely slim — of receiving a false-positive test result from taking an unusually large dose of CBD oil (estimates range from 1,000 to 2,000 milligrams per day).
The most common method for CBD consumption involves administering a couple of drops directly into the mouth. Swallowing the oil will prevent the CBD from immediately entering your bloodstream, sending it instead through the digestive tract and eventually on to the liver, where it is broken down before finally reaching the bloodstream.
CBD interacts with the brain and body through a number of mechanisms. Upon ingestion, CBD interacts with a wide range of proteins in the body and central nervous system. A key part of this interaction takes place within the endocannabinoid system (ECS) — specifically the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors.
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You can consume CBD oil sublingually by placing a few drops of CBD under your tongue and rubbing it into the tissue there with your tongue or finger for at least 30 seconds to a minute before swallowing. This will allow the mucous membranes in your mouth to absorb the CBD, partially bypassing the digestive system and liver, for much quicker entry into the bloodstream. Effects may be felt within seconds. Just like when you ingest THC edibles though, you'll get a second onset of effects a couple of hours later when the CBD that wasn't absorbed sublingually makes it through your digestive system.
When you apply topical CBD products directly to your skin, the CBD is absorbed and slowly interacts with localized cannabinoid receptors. In some cases, CBD-infused topicals should be applied liberally to overcome the low cannabinoid absorption rate of the skin. With topical application, any CBD effects you feel will peak after about 90 minutes. This method of administration is often used for chronic pain in specific areas.
It depends on how you consume it. For the quickest potential anxiety relief, smoke high-CBD hemp flower, vape a CBD oil vape, or administer CBD sublingually, taking care to rub it in.
Topical CBD is applied directly to and can be absorbed through the surface of the skin. Photo by: Gina Coleman/Weedmaps.
It's not just your body that influences how long it takes CBD to work, but also the quality of the CBD product and how often it's used. Once you acquire CBD oil, the next step is to find the optimal dosing regimen, including frequency of use. The answers will depend largely on the type of product, amount of CBD inside it, and the specific ailment you are targeting. Most reputable manufacturers will provide instructions on how to properly use the product, but experimentation may be required to find the optimal dose for you and your specific needs.
A 2018 review of existing CBD studies found that the estimated half-life of CBD was two to five days for those who took a daily oral dose. Other delivery methods delivered varied half-lives. Since you may feel the effects of CBD immediately after inhalation, this method is appealing for those seeking immediate, potential pain relief. The same study found that the half-life of smoked CBD was 31 hours.
Consuming CBD oil via sublingual administration will deliver any effects within 30 minutes. CBD edibles have the longest onset time, and it may take two hours to feel any effects.
That depends on the person, the quality of the CBD oil, and the consumption method. If you've used a CBD product in the past and it did nothing, check whether it came from a licensed brand or retailer that performs third-party lab tests. If this is the case, the dosage might be at play. Unlike THC and most other cannabis products, CBD is non-intoxicating and you can experiment with large increases in your dose with little risk. If you take any prescription medication, be sure to check with your doctor or pharmacist before trying CBD in any form.
Consumers aren't waiting for clinical trials. But they need to remember, says Hurd, that slathering on creams can be risky, considering how the skin absorbs everything. Even topical CBD can react with oral medications.
By the time you feel any annoying itch or prick of pain, CB1 and CB2 receptors on your skin cells have already fired off signals to help dampen those unpleasant vibes. These receptors — part of the body's endocannabinoid system — spend their workdays responding to chemical messages that help our skin nurture a healthy balance. CBD cream bypasses the CB1 and CB2 receptors and heads straight for a neurotransmitter middleman that blocks signals for pain and itch by working through agents called anandamide and 2-AG.
So far, though, most larger scientific studies on CBD have been limited to animals. A handful of small human trials are now underway to evaluate the extent of cannabidiol's pain relief potential. Even without clinical trials, many people already use legal CBD to counteract the intense discomfort brought on by chemotherapy, and to ease pain in arthritic joints. Texas-based dermatologist Jennifer Clay Cather, who cares for people with complicated skin problems, says most of her patients come from oncology. She also owns a research company that develops CBD skin products. "We need large, evidence-based trials testing different conditions, and also testing the reproducibility of the molecule," Cather says.
Researchers have confirmed that CBD works against pain and inflammation , and they're still finding new ways that it works in the body . They're also working to nail down the proper dose of topical CBD needed for pain relief. For example, the dose that brings relief to achy joints may be insufficient to effectively treat nerve damage in feet. While rubbing topical CBD onto the skin seems to work, researchers still need to figure out how much skin coverage is most effective. Some skin creams also contain menthols, which carry their own pain relief and anti-inflammatory properties, possibly masking any effect from the CBD itself.
Opioid pain relief can cause nausea, constipation and addiction. Standard anti-inflammatory meds carry the risk of stomach issues, including bleeding. The limited options prompt many folks to try creams and lotions containing cannabidiol (CBD).
Skin in the Game.
Consumers need to be educated, as well, says Cather. She works to develop a trusting relationship with her patients, so that they'll feel comfortable talking about using CBD. She also urges her patients to find companies that document what's actually in the bottle or jar. Asking the company about their quality control, such as how often they document ingredients, can help also vet the product.
Hurd suggests telling your doctor if you are using CBD creams because what's absorbed into your skin will get into your bloodstream. "These are sometimes things people don't appreciate when they are putting cream 'only on my knee,'" says Hurd. "We also have a lot of seniors using CBD creams for arthritic pain and we need to know sooner rather than later whether this chemical cream used by so many people can indeed be effective."
Pain is a big driver behind opioid addiction. Many people who began treating chronic pain with prescription opioids have switched to heroin when other drugs became difficult to get. A lot of people have died as a result, says Yasmin Hurd , an addiction specialist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York. "We have so many people in our society now experimenting with CBD to manage pain," she says. "They are going to their clinicians and asking them for CBD."
CBD is one of the hundreds of biologically active ingredients produced in Cannabis sativa plants. Unlike THC, its psychoactive cousin that makes people feel high, CBD can ease pain without the euphoria or fear of addiction. The cannabinoid has similar effects whether absorbed through the skin or ingested by mouth.
Sidestepping the CB1 and CB2 receptors means that CBD can mute pain without the high sensation delivered by THC. Not only does CBD have very little interest in switching on CB1, cannabidiol can actually mute any signals sent to that receptor. Researchers looking for safer pain treatments want to take advantage of this action because it means that CBD won't spark addiction.
Our knees ache, our backs hurt, our feet throb. Pain is one thing everybody wants gone. Unfortunately for chronic pain sufferers, many treatments come with unwanted side effects.
With successful clinical trials, the future could even bring CBD pain relief with medications containing THC, or perhaps pairing CBD with opioids. But for now, says Hurd, "we are still at the beginning of really understanding these roles for CBD in pain."
Topical CBD creams can treat pain, discomfort and inflammation. Here's what science knows about how they work.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you are in a second marriage and you or your spouse have children from a former relationship, it can be vitally important to your family's well-being to put an estate plan in place.
Estate planning involves anticipating and planning for what may happen in the world of "what if". In the world of "what if", all the things that you hope won't happen, can happen. For example, in a blended family situation, we can have the two spouses and children from either spouse's former relationship. If the traditional fallback plan of each spouse leaving their estate to the other one and upon the survivor's death, the estate going to the children is put in place, the children from a former relationship can be accidentally cut out of their inheritance.
The children can be accidentally cut out of their inheritance if for instance, husband dies and wife inherits the estate. Wife inherits the estate with the intention of carrying out husband's wish that upon her death, his children (her step-children) will receive the inheritance he believes they will receive when she dies, just as they planned. However, wife remarries. Now there is a new spouse in the picture and the inheritance for the step-children can become lost in the real world of moving on and blending assets with a new spouse.
Husband could have insured that his children would receive the inheritance he intended and taken care of his wife as well by setting up an estate plan that included a special type of trust. This trust could have paid income to the wife to help her meet her living expenses and preserved the principal for the children to receive upon wife's death. Husband could have even set it up so that wife could access some of the principal if she needed it for specified reasons or in specified amounts. This type of planning choice takes care of all the family members and proactively plans for the world of "what if".
Everyone has a need for an estate plan in order to make sure that their wishes are communicated and carried out but as illustrated above, this becomes a vitally important step for members of a blended family.


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Sparks will fly: U-M alumna melds women seeking job skills with companies needing welders
Contact: Kim North Shine kshine@umich.edu
WOMEN WHO WELD
By the year 2025, there will be 400,000
job openings for welders in the U.S.
Only 4.5 percent are women
A University of Michigan alumna is working to fill
those job openings and narrow the gender gap
YVONNE BROWN
WOMEN WHO WELD PARTICIPANT
I have two daughters and I just want them to have a better life.
DALANA BURNEY
I was in kind of a dead-end job and I was always interested in welding.
ALICIA AMEY
I was like, Ohhh, well they probably employ like 10 welders in the state of Michigan
No! Like hundreds and hundreds of welders are needed.
SAMANTHA FARRUGIA
CEO & FOUNDER OF WOMEN WHO WELD
U-M Master of Urban Planning '15
My main interest and focus has always been about economic development and community development so, welding was a really fun way and a really cool way and a career that's in demand. And it was a way to give women particularly a skill that they could then use and provide better lives for themselves and their families and for their future.
Women Who Weld provides
low-cost training to women living
at or below the poverty line
I've already accepted my first job offer. So I'll be going to work—actually, the first Monday after the class ends.
Women Who Weld has a
100% completion rate among participants
and a 100% program-to-employment rate
Samantha is channeling her
U-M welding experience and education
to change lives through
And has trained
400 women to weld
My studies in urban planning and just thinking more about the issues that places like Detroit, where I live, or other cities across the country, there's this gap between jobs and people with the skills to fulfill those jobs. So if there's a way to give individuals skills in order to fulfill necessary jobs, we both keep jobs in our communities and strengthen our communities at the same time.
ROBERT FISHMAN
U-M PROFESSOR OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Our master's of urban and regional planning is all about not just expertise, but the kind of expertise that really improves our cities. So everything we teach is to give those students the power, the knowledge, that they need to make a difference and a positive difference.
DETROIT, Mich.—Samantha Farrugia was studying for her master's degree in urban planning at the University of Michigan in 2014 when she walked past the Digital Fabrication Laboratory on her way to class one day and saw welding going on.
That's when the sparks began to fly. Within weeks, Farrugia was learning to weld in her spare time. She moved on to learning how to train other people to weld through an unusual independent study supported by a U-M professor in the lab.
Welding turned out to be the ideal bond for Farrugia's greater goal and degree: To better cities, communities and people through economic development and opportunities.
Within months, her nonprofit, Women Who Weld, had sprung to life. It happened at a time when the welding industry was in need of workers and lacking gender diversity. That is still the case as the American Welding Society expects there to be a deficit of 400,000 workers by 2024, and few women—who currently make up 4% of the welding workforce—are trained to fill the gap.
"First it was like, "Wow I have this skill and I really enjoy welding and now I want to teach others this skill and it can lead them to a good job or put them on a great career path…,'" Farrugia said. "But it was very organic. It wasn't like, "Oh, wow there's a need in the welding industry and now I should provide the skill of welding to others.' It was, "This is really cool and I love it and I wish more women had access to learn this skill AND there happens to be a lot of opportunity in this industry. … It all fell together pretty quickly."
The first class was taught in Detroit in summer 2014. Between 2014 and 2016, one class was taught each year. By 2017, classes were offered year-round.
More than 450 women have completed training.
The full-blown nonprofit organization offers a partially subsidized, six-week intensive welding training program for
unemployed and underemployed women; low-cost, week-long intensive welding training classes that include apprenticeships and job-placement support; and low-cost, single-day introductory workshops in Detroit, Madison Heights and other cities around the state, including Traverse City, Allen Park, Brighton, Ann Arbor and more, and has also gone on the road to California.
Women Who Weld pays the majority of the cost while participants pay the remainder.
Today, more than 450 women have completed Women Who Weld training and are working for numerous Michigan employers in need of welders. The majority of graduates received multiple job offers before graduation. There is currently a waiting list of 500 women for future classes.
Alicia Amey, a recent graduate, turned professional welder within days of completing training.
"I really had no idea how much welding is needed," she said, ticking off some of the industries—energy, defense, automotive. Besides learning to weld, she says Women Who Weld reinforced interviewing skills, financial planning, goal-setting and more.
"From one woman's vision she's seriously made a lot of womens' dreams and goals become a reality and be achieved," she said.
Farrugia just wants them to have that exposure she unexpectedly received on campus at U-M.
"Having access to the Fabrication Lab is obviously how this all began. … Otherwise, I don't know where I would be," she said.
Knowing that she could mix welding and skills training and urban planning gave her a focus.
Farrugia's U-M experience "had a huge impact on who I am and how I approach life, how I approach Women Who Weld. It was not just through one class or access to the Fabrication Lab. … It was all of my coursework."
She also wants to make sure that graduates, many who had never welded much less made it their career, are where they want to be now and in the future.
"Many move into an entry level or intermediate level job. I encourage everyone after a year to make sure it's the environment you want to be in," she said. "Do they want to enter apprenticeship, take more classes, training? Is there a pathway up?"
Dalana Burney, a recent Women Who Weld graduate, was yearning for advancement in her work.
She is grateful for the program that has allowed her to "do something that's not only fun but also profitable. … Whether I want to open my own fabrication shop or work as an artist in welding."
She is in a job with opportunity for promotion or building a path to her own business.
"This six-week course has changed my life. … It's given me so many more opportunities than I had. … I'm 38 years old. My life has been a little hard … but I pushed through," Burney said. "This is showing me you can do anything you put your mind to and you're never too old to go out and start living and doing what you want to do, to make a living the way you want to. They've given me everything."
Robert Fishman, professor at the A. Alfred Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, said it's inspiring to see graduates impacting others.
"One of the things I think we're most proud of is the way in which our best students go in directions that we ourselves could never have foreseen," he said. "And Samantha is such a great example of someone who saw an opportunity, who made herself, thanks to opportunities we had and who went out and is changing the world."
Yvonne Brown, another recent graduate of the intensive six-week training, is now working in a job at a metal finishing company.
"It helps you with everything … career choices, confidence building, character. She teaches you the whole package. She basically gets you prepared for the industry," said the mother of two. I was interested in something that's very secure and also could bring out my artistic side and that I could have for the rest of my life. I had never welded."
She discovered her artistic ability: "To see something I could create and people compliment sold me."
Brown sees Women Who Weld, as a "phenomenal program for women. … They may feel like it's not for them, that it's for a male-dominated industry. … I feel like any woman that wants to level up in her life and you have no idea where to start, welding is a good idea."
"Welding is something a woman should take up," she said. "It makes a woman feel powerful. It makes us feel like we can do something different that nobody expects us to do."
Taubman College
This Is Michigan


Fast and cheap localization of objects of interest (OOIs) in very high resolution (VHR) images is a challenging problem. VHR can not be processed all in one step and linear search may be highly inefficient. To deal with it, I propose a scheme to learn latent policies in a hierarchy defined by the possible scales (from coarse to fine) at which input can be sampled, to process with high-resolution only certain parts of it that are good candidates for containing the OOI.


text:
Albert Victor "Ab" Walker (October 12, 1910 – August 10, 2001) was a Canadian politician, who represented Oshawa in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1963 to 1967 as a Progressive Conservative member.

Political Offices
Walker first entered politics as an Alderman in Oshawa, Ontario in 1956. He served on municipal council from 1956 to 1963. While still an Alderman, Walker ran as the PC candidate in the 1963 provincial general election, where he defeated the NDP incumbent, Tommy Thomas.

During the 27th Legislative Assembly, Walker served as a backbench member of the majority PC government led by Premier John Robarts. While Walker did not serve in Cabinet, he was active on an average of seven Standing Committees of the Legislature during his term in office. In the 1967 provincial general election, Walker lost to the NDP candidate, and former colleague on Oshawa City Council, Cliff Pilkey.

He died on August 10, 2001.

References

External links

1910 births
2001 deaths
Oshawa city councillors
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Lindsay Lohan was diagnosed with an incurable virus that she supposedly contracted from her visit in Bora Bora. The virus, which comes from a mosquito bite, is called Chikungunya and has side effects of a high fever, joint pain, and exhaustion.
Lohan started complaining of not feeling well right before New Years and then became horrifyingly ill during her visit in London. It got so bad the former actress couldn't walk.
Lohan received treatment in King Edward VII's Hospital for her symptoms. She was recently released because her fever broke but is still in extreme pain and has been referred to a specialist.
Good luck Lindsay, we wouldn't wish this upon anyone. Just hang on because Mama Lohan is on her way!


text:
June 28, 2019 at 11:04 am PDT | by Valerie Jarrett
Fifty years ago, there were barely any establishments that openly welcomed the LGBTQ community. Sixty years ago, Jim Crow discrimination towards African Americans permeated much of our country. It was not until nearly one hundred years ago that women won the right to vote. And until 2007, the idea of a woman, or an African American, winning a presidential election was just a fantasy to many. After more than a century of activism from those of us on the margins of society, we've certainly made some headway.
But with each victory, we must remind ourselves that the fight isn't over.
This weekend, millions of people are expected to descend on New York City for WorldPride weekend, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the 1969 Stonewall Uprising, which ignited the largest gay liberation movement in history. The cultural awakening brought forth by the Stonewall Uprising has become a symbol of the capacity of America to make progress as the direct result of pressure from resilient and determined citizens.
One of my favorite memories during the Obama Administration was when President Obama gave me the privilege of representing him at the celebration designating the Stonewall National Monument as the first national monument that honors the history of the LGBTQ community in the United States. Part of the proclamation read, "There is important distance yet to travel, but through political engagement and litigation, as well as individual acts of courage and acceptance, this movement has made tremendous progress toward securing equal rights and equal dignity."
When I reflect on that historic day, I am reminded that the most consequential decisions of our time should not be made behind closed doors by men in smoke-filled rooms. They must be driven by concerned citizens who publicly demand change.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was not passed because legislators in Congress alone thought that it was the right thing to do. It was passed because of organizers such as Bayard Rustin, a black gay man who was instrumental in building the grassroots movement that orchestrated the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom and fought tirelessly for marginalized communities at home and abroad. I was honored to be in the room when President Obama posthumously awarded Bayard Rustin the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2013.
These were not just moments in history that we can take for granted. They're part of an ongoing struggle for progress. As long as there are children separated from their families and kept in horrible conditions on our southern border, or young black men continue to lose their lives due to biases in local law enforcement, or women experience ever-increasing limitations on their constitutional right to have an abortion, or members of the transgender community struggle for access to health care, or the right to serve in our military, or to use the right bathroom, we must remain vigilant.
Today, federal laws lack explicit protections for the LGBTQ community and state legislatures around the country introduce anti-LGBTQ bills. We all share a responsibility to force progress and hold those who represent us accountable.
That's what happened 50 years ago today at the Stonewall Inn, when the resistance of trans women of color sparked the fire of the movement for LGBTQ equality. And four years ago this week, at the footsteps of the Supreme Court, justice struck like a thunderbolt and love won marriage equality.
History shows us that when we are vigilant and relentless in our efforts to ensure our culture and our laws reflect our values, we will bend what Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. called "the long arc of the moral universe" towards justice.
Valerie B. Jarrett is a senior advisor to the Obama Foundation and Attn, a Senior Distinguished Fellow at the University of Chicago Law School, and President of the Board of When We All Vote. She was the longest serving Senior Advisor to President Barack Obama and oversaw the Offices of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs and Chaired the White House Council on Women and Girls. Her New York Times bestselling book, Finding My Voice: My Journey to the West Wing and the Path Forward, was released in April.
Stonewall 50Valerie Jarrett
Valerie Jarrett


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The 5th most popular snowboarding destination in Minnesota.
Northwest of Minneapolis near Maple Grove, the Elm Creek Ski Area is a beginner area snowboarding area that is lighted and has snow making.
Overall, Elm Creek Ski Area is the 5th most popular snowboard & freeride destination of all 10 snowboarding resorts in Minnesota. Several of the better snowboarding resorts are nearby Elm Creek Ski Area including Afton Alps, Theodore Wirth Park and Buck Hill Ski Area.


July 2 Took position here 3.30 p.m. and opened fire on Peach Orchard and the Union batteries east of it. At 4 p.m. the Rifles were silenced by loss of men. The fire of the Parrotts continued until Peach Orchard was taken.
July 3 The Parrotts were moved to crest north of Peach Orchard in main artillery lane took part in the great cannonade aided in checking pursuit after Longstreet's assault and retired from front after dark. The Rifles were placed under command of Capt. Manly of the N.C. artillery and served by his men in position with his own rifles.
July 4 In position here. After night withdrew from the field. Their ammunition was nearly exhausted.
Losses killed 6, wounded 13.
Horses killed or disabled 18.
The battery deployed forward of the tablet location on July 2.
W. Marker is near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in Adams County. Marker is on West Confederate Avenue, on the left when traveling south. Touch for map. Located opposite the Biesecker Woods, south of the Longstreet Observation Tower, in Gettysburg National Military Park. Marker is in this post office area: Gettysburg PA 17325, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. McCarthy's Battery - Cabell's Battalion (about 500 feet away, measured in a direct line); Cabell's Battalion (about 700 feet away); Carlton's Battery - Cabell's Battalion (approx. 0.2 miles away); Arkansas (approx. 0.2 miles away); South Carolina (approx. 0.2 miles away); Manly's Battery - Cabell's Battalion (approx. 0.2 miles away); Anderson's Brigade (approx. ¼ mile away); Kershaw's Brigade (approx. ¼ mile away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Gettysburg.
Fraser's Battery deployed well forward into the open fields, on high ground just west of Emmitsburg Road. The location was generally just right of center, where the strips of corn stand in this photo. Wile able to engage Federal batteries at the Peach Orchard, the forward position also exposed the Confederate gunners to counter-fire from an array of enemy batteries. Little Round Top dominates this position, and is seen in the background.
More. Search the internet for Fraser's Battery - Cabell's Battalion.
Credits. This page was last revised on June 16, 2016. This page originally submitted on October 11, 2008, by Craig Swain of Leesburg, Virginia. This page has been viewed 760 times since then and 9 times this year. Photos: 1, 2, 3. submitted on October 11, 2008, by Craig Swain of Leesburg, Virginia.


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Q: What is the effect on UI Prompts when group policy sets strong key protection in windows? I am attempting see this question with 50% success to avoid using the windows dialog and entering passwords for certificate private keys through my own code.
I can do it with certificate stored on a smart card but am having no success with certificates stored in the PC.  My question is why?
I see in this article it is explained the required process. Our group policy has set for us children users.  When we import a certificate we get this window.

And when we use the certificate for example with Outlook this is seen

Further in Group Policy under security options the "Force strong key protection for user keys stored on the computer" has "User Must enter a password each time they use a key" Meaning each and every time I read an email and it needs such a certificate I need to enter the password.
For me a lowly .net programmer these things mean the user has to enter a password each time, but in windows/security person speak does this also mean that windows must supply the UI to do it? In other words when I attempt to add a password for a key whose certificate is stored on the PC it fails.
If I am correct so far what are the workarounds.  Can the certificate be saved in file form and used? Can it be saved in a database and retrieved? Or is the only real alternative to store on a smart card where then the policy seems to be different.

A:
does this also mean that windows must supply the UI to do it?

yes, operating system will present private key access dialog (either, consent prompt or password input dialog).

In other words when I attempt to add a password for a key whose certificate is stored on the PC it fails.

it is unclear what exactly fails. What error message you get? Under what conditions?
IIRC, you cannot add password to already installed certificate after policy enforcement. When you enforce the policy, only newly generated/requested certificates will require user input. When imported from PFX, there is an option to specify key protection flag. But once the certificate is installed, you cannot change this setting.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There Was A Cold Lady Who Swallowed Some Snow is an engaging story for students of all ages. Use this 54 page unit to accompany the story for days of classroom fun! Students will be engaged in these activities while they are covering the Kindergarten Common Core State Standards. This mini unit includes directions for each activities and the common core standards addressed.


Whether you need to create a printer from the ground up or just want to reseller a turnkey product to meet your sales goals, inc.jet has the solution for you.
At the very core of inc.jet's print solutions are the print controller boards. Available in a variety of formats capable of supporting multiple TIJ pens stalls, these can be readily integrated into your own products to form your own specific print solutions.
We offer full support in the form of documentation, expertise and technical support from our engineering team.
If you need a print solution that can be readily implemented at an End User with minimal design and integration, then inc.jet has the set of products that can help you with this. From single 0.5" packaging coding to wide format printers, inc.jet can be your ideal business partner.


Nothing gets me more fired up than a good old clip of a game show or so bizarre commercial from Japan. They are always outlandish and barely make sense, well at least to an American viewer.
Thanks for the sweet commercial, Captain Random. Thumbs up indeed!


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What Is an Unsolicited Screenplay?
As you polish your screenplay and prepare to share it with the world, you have the option to send it unsolicited. To you, this sounds like a rather devious avenue to pursue, but you don't quite know what unsolicited means in this context either.
What is an unsolicited screenplay? It's a screenplay sent to a production house, director, or actor by someone other than another industry professional like an agent or manager. Screenwriters who will send the script themselves, often are considered unsolicited scripts.
If you have more questions about unsolicited screenplays, I have answers.
Ahead, I'll talk about the logistics of sending an unsolicited script and whether sending them is illegal.
What Happens When You Send Your Script Unsolicited?
The role of the screenwriting manager and agent would be to enter contract negotiations, guide your career, and connect you with parties who might want to see your writing.
You've spent so much time writing and rewriting your script that you even know how to find a screenwriting manager or agent.
That means you're sending a script unsolicited. What happens if you do that? If you were to send an unsolicited screenplay, it would probably be thrown in the trash in the case of a mailed screenplay. If you emailed your writing, your message would be deleted.
But not always more on that later
Some production companies and film studios take it a step further. Send your printed screenplay back to you with a letter reiterating that the company doesn't accept unsolicited scripts and that no one reads your screenplay.
Why are Unsolicited Scripts Frowned Upon?
Three reasons
1.) If they then opened the door to unsolicited screenplays, they'd get emails and snail mail around the clock. They'd never have time to look at any screenplays.
2.) a solicited script usually comes with a guarantee of higher quality. A screenwriting agent and manager guide the screenwriter in their script.
3.) Creatives are protective of their work. If they accept your unsolicited script and something that even remotely looks similar to your movie comes out, they can be sued even if they didn't get the idea from your IP.
If you've been reading this blog long enough, I've highlighted many production companies that welcome unsolicited screenplays.
Now some people do still read your script if send uninvited. But it's how you send it that matters.
Is It Illegal to Send Your Script Unsolicited?
You're a little nervous about sending an unsolicited script, as you're afraid it'd be perceived the same way.
Worse yet, you're concerned it might be illegal.
No, it's not illegal to send an unsolicited script, so you don't have to worry about that.
Now, if you began calling, e-blasting, or visiting the production company incessantly, even after they told you they're not interested, you could find yourself in some legal hot water.
The word "unsolicited" carries with it some very negative connotations, such as unsolicited email or unsolicited callers (aka telemarketers) calling you at dinnertime.
The most significant consequences you'll face for sending an unsolicited screenplay are either
A.) radio silence.
B.) your screenplay is being sent back to you with a letter. Your ego will be bruised, but your legal record will be clean.
That said, there are some legal reasons that film studios and production companies will turn down reviewing unsolicited screenplays. Let's say that you have an excellent idea for a screenplay, so you send it to 10 studios. You never hear back because your script was unsolicited.
Several years later, a movie comes out with a concept that's very similar to your idea. You can turn around and sue the film studio or the executive who made the movie and claim that the scriptwriter ripped off your view.
Of course, lawsuits like these don't tend to hold up in court, as you'd have to prove that you came up with the idea first and that your vision is 100 percent original, but what film studio wants to get embroiled in a lawsuit if they don't have to?
Examples of Sending a Script Unsolicited
Unsolicited scripts go by another name: spec scripts.
This type of screenplay is non-commissioned and unsolicited if sent without an agent.
Spec scripts are not quite the same as production scripts or shooting scripts, as they're more story-based and less about what the direction and camera should be like.
Do these kinds of unsolicited scripts work?
They sure do, and here are some examples.
To name a few famous examples. Some that were sold in the last couple of years are:
The Pinkerton
Murder In The White House
Untitled Beck & Woods
The Blue Afternoon That Lasted Forever
You may not know these because they were not made into movies yet but sold nonetheless. Here are a few that you may know.
Midnight in the Switchgrass
Alan Horsnail wrote a spec script just last year, and now he has a movie with Bruce Willis and Megan Fox. He submitted it to the last company on this list. And his life was changed forever with a new three-picture deal with Bruce Willis called The Fortress.
William Goldman and Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
You're likely familiar with the 1969 film classic Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid with Robert Redford, Paul Newman, Katharine Ross, Jeff Corey, Strother Martin, and Henry Jones. The film is about the outlaws of the Wild West.
William Goldman, who wrote the famous script, got a lot of attention. He eventually sold the script to Warner Brothers, earning $400,000. A bit of a bidding war erupted before he chose Warner.
Unlike Preston Sturges' movie, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid received an Academy Award for Best Screenplay. Spec scripts also blossomed for a while after the movie came out.
Alan Ball and American Beauty
A film from the late 1990s, American Beauty with Mena Suvari, Thora Birch, Kevin Spacey, Annette Bening, Chris Cooper, Peter Gallagher, and Allison Janney.
Alan Ball wrote the movie about midlife crises. In 1998, he sold the film for $250,000 to DreamWorks Pictures. American Beauty won a series of awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Original Screenplay Academy Awards, not to mention Best Cinematography.
How to Send Your Screenplay the Legit Way
Spec screenplays can be wildly successful, but for every Academy Award-winning, the unsolicited script is thousands more that didn't make it. Instead, if you'd stick with sending only solicited materials, that's a safer bet.
You know the production manager or executive will want to see your screenplay, so they'll take time to give it a thorough read-through.
How do you go about sending your screenplay the legit way? Here are the steps.
Start with a Screenwriting Manager
I'd recommend getting both a screenwriting manager and agent if you can, but you want to begin with the manager first. They're going to manage your career, edit your screenplay, help you move towards your professional goals, and even introduce you to potential agents.
I've talked about obtaining a screenwriting manager on the blog in the past, but allow me to recap some tactics you can try.
Use IMDB Pro and online pitch sites like InkTip or Stage32. You should also tap into your social circle and ask if anyone knows anyone. Don't be afraid to get out in person and network as well.
Once you've narrowed down your list of screenwriting managers to connect with, you should send them a query letter. The letter should include your name, credentials, and information on what screenplay you're working on now.
When I say some information, I mean a title and logline and maybe a sentence or two describing the premise. Don't forget to include your contact information too.
If you can't find a screenwriting manager using these methods, don't underestimate the power of entering a writing contest. As part of your prize, if you win, you might be connected with a manager or an agent.
Then Get an Agent
Your agent can put your foot in the door amongst producers and film studios, which you won't know how to do if this is your first screenplay. The same methods as above work for finding an agent, but don't forget to ask your manager who they know!
Send Your Screenplay
Once you have a screenwriting agent and manager working on your behalf, sooner or later, they'll recommend an opportunity for you to send your screenplay. It would help if you were doing your homework, too, researching production companies and film studios welcoming solicited scripts.
An unsolicited screenplay is a script that doesn't come from a manager or agent, only the screenwriter themselves. Please don't waste your time sending one unless a production company accepts them! While not illegal, unsolicited scripts are largely not welcome.
Now it's time to hear from you:
Do you plan on selling your screenplay unsolicited?
What did you learn from this post about unsolicited scripts?
Whatever it is, let's hear it in the comments below.
8 Comments on What Is an Unsolicited Screenplay?Posted in Industry Knowledge By K.D.WilsonPosted on Tagged unsolicited scripts
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8 thoughts on "What Is an Unsolicited Screenplay?"
Tony Ferreira says:
K.D.Wilson says:
No problem Tony
James Peters, screenwriter, producer says:
K.D.
Thanks for this article and the sound advice. I have to share with you another definition of "unsolicited." The filmmaking industry has changed graphically since the screenwriters' strike of 2008, in that many get their "solicited" work only through the big agencies–who cater only to accomplished writers and their agents and managers. So those of us writers who aren't produced or big contest winners or represented generally are not eligible to send "unsolicited" queries or phone calls to mainstream producers either. And we generally are relegated to the indie trade, which often works with such sources as InkTip, Stage 32 and others–who charge the writer membership and script/logline posting fees. We can contact many indie producers directly with our queries, but we need contact information such as that on IMDbPro–for which we pay fees, as well. As you advised, it really helps to have a manager and/or agent, and yes, we must do much of the marketing ourselves, with their guidance and help. Before we go looking for these professional, however, we need schooling and years of writing experience, some high contest placements, and smart networking.
Ronald Long says:
I need an Agent .I have written a screenplay; that I would like to sell.
Check out my other articles on the site about getting agents from the search bar at the top.
To K.D. wilson,This is my first screenplay I plan to write more screenplays.I don't known how it work in the movies,but you seem to have the experience.Thank you for your time and consideration Ronald Long
No problem we have all been there.


Just another reminder - if you haven't yet sent in a nomination to recognize someone in the community that's made an impact on you, please do so in the next 10 days. We're in the final days of soliciting nominations for our inaugural group of IBM Data Champions.
As I've mentioned before, if there's someone in the community that's made a difference for you and the way you get your job done - a speaker at a user group event, a blogger you read regularly, the person that always comes through with the quick response in the listserv or forum - this is the perfect way to say thank you and show your appreciation.


Grids and guides help to align objects. Snapping automatically aligns objects when you draw or move objects.
Grids and guides are always drawn on top of shapes. The their drawing order relative to each other can be changed by changing their order in the Object Tree.
You can add grids to a document with Object > Insert > New Grid. Grids are objects and show up in the Object Tree. You can have as many grids as you want.
The visibility of all grids can be controlled with the View > Show Grids and Hide Grids menu options. The toolbar also has a Show-Hide Grid shortcut button. If there are no grid objects in the document and grids are made visible, then a grid object is automatically added to the document.
You can make a grid hidden by clicking the eye symbol in the Object Tree. In this case, the grid will be ignored for snapping.
You can add guides to a document by dragging with the mouse from the rulers. Guides are objects and show up in the Object Tree.
The visibility of all guides can be controlled with the View > Show Guides and Hide Guides menu options.
All guides can be locked with the View > Lock Guides menu option. It is also possible to lock individual guides in the Object Tree.
You can make a guide hidden by clicking the eye symbol in the Object Tree. In this case, the guide will be ignored for snapping.
Tip: You can temporarily disable snapping by holding down the Command key.
You can set the pixel grid visible with the View > Show Pixel Grid menu option. The pixel grid is shown if the zoom level is larger than 1000%.
Pixel grid snapping aligns objects and their nodes to the pixel grid to prevent fuzzy looking edges. Enable pixel grid snapping with View > Snap to Pixel Grid or by using the shortcut button in the toolbar.


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Leadership and the People of God
Recently there has been a lot of dialogue on the role of leadership. What is this thing called leadership? Who leads? Who follows? What difference does it make? Who cares? The question of leadership always leads into a lively debate. The great urgency always comes down to-who the heck is in charge around here?
My intention here is to share some of my thoughts on the role of leadership.
The role of leadership will be communally oriented, meaning it will not stand outside the context of the community, but rather will be Spirit-led from within the community. The purpose of biblical leadership is to serve, nourish, sustain, shape, and equip a community of people who will routinely demonstrate, announce and embody the purpose and direction of God.
Gordon Fee has been a big help to me regarding leadership. "Historically the church seems to have fallen into a model that eventually developed a sharp distinction between the people themselves (laity) and the professional ministry (clergy), reaching its sharpest expression in the Roman Catholic communion, but finding its way into almost every form of Protestantism as well. The net result has been a church in which the clergy all to often exist apart from the people, for whom there is a different set of rules and different expectations, and a church in which the "gifts" and "ministry", not to mention significance, power structures, and decision making, are the special province of the professionals. Being "ordained" to this profession, the later tend to like the aura that it provides, and having such ordained professionals allows the laity to pay them to do the work of the ministry and thus excuse themselves from their biblical calling. He goes on to say that the model would look something like the clergy sitting outside the context of the gathered community. For instance, think of clergy being in one circle and the laity in the other with the clergy standing over the laity.
Fee goes on to illustrate a biblical model that looks something more like one circle- without clergy/professional at all, but with identifiable leadership ("gift's") who were simply part of the whole people of God. No separations, all are a part of the whole people of God
As we go back into the story what we see in the old covenant is the king and priests in particular who were recognized as having an existence apart from the people with their own set of rules and expectations. It is precisely this model of leadership that breaks down entirely in the NT. The basic reason for this is the lordship of Christ himself. Christ himself has now come down to dwell among us—he is king. As God intended himself to be king over Israel, so Christ has come as God's king over his newly constituted people. Christ is the head of the church, all others, including leaders, "function as parts of the body." (Eph 4.11-16)
Biblical leadership challenges the us/them paradigm. The Spirit has come upon all believers. We have been immersed in the same Spirit. There can be no kings or priests in the new social order, there can be no "us" and "them", mentality. There is no elite body of insiders, no first class or second class citizens. No distinction of any sort i.e., rich or poor, male or female, or for that matter clergy or laity, professional or laity.
This is not to down play the role of human, Spirit-led leadership, (we need it) but to define it and sets its limits of power, authority and governance. But, rather, it is to recognize that leadership in the NT is seen as part of the whole people of God, never as a "group" unto "themselves," essential to its well being, but governed by the same set of "rules." They are not "set apart" by "office", but rather their gifts are a part of the Spirit's work among the whole people, functioning as apart of the community using his or her own gifts to help prepare the community for its mission to itself and for the sake of the world. "Gifted" to do so as one "gift" among others in the body...each one being celebrated—no one "gift" looked upon higher than the other—each one looked upon as valuable for the formation of a people who's vocation is to bear God's image and likeness to the world.
Leadership exists for the sake of the people. Leadership is not for someone's own personal advancement or pleasure, on the contrary, that is the very antithesis of community. Leadership is to be seen as service, as a gift to the body, given to, or better, through the individual for the common good of the community.
For Paul, leadership in Ephesians is a function/task (Ephesians 4.11-16) especially "to prepare God's people ("the saints") for works of service ("ministry") which seems to emphasize the formation of God's people so that they can lead a life worthy of the calling to which they (including leadership) have been called, so that the body of Christ may be built up."
Questions to reflect upon
As soon as we separate ourselves into some sort of class or office, or special position, the result becomes a potential breeding ground for pride, love of authority and lack of accountability. When this happens the result is death to community. Do you see yourself sometimes following into this mentality? Yes/No? Reflect!!!
Can you imagine a lifestyle in which we lead from within the community, not above it, or outside it? How does it make you feel to think of "gifts" as a function and not an office?
by Mark Priddy
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