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The Vegetable Revolution
by K P Prabhakaran Nair on 15 May 2013 7 Comments
Indian farmers have often been perceived as lacking initiative, but the latest developments on the farm front belie that stereotype. Not only have they shown initiative, but they have started a quiet revolution on their own steam without prompting from anyone. Least of all from the Government of India was the case with the chemically-driven agriculture euphemistically called the "green revolution". This had the blessing of the Americans, but was peddled by an Indian "scientist" who through the back door siphoned off our invaluable rice germplasms and gifted them to the aliens as a token of "gratitude", for which he received a dubious World Food Award in return.
In the process, our soils were degraded, our ground water loaded with chemicals and rendered non-potable, our aquifers dried out, our biodiversity vanished, lethal diseases like cancer spread in places like Gurudaspur (Punjab) due to unbridled use of chemical pesticides. In a nutshell, the Indian environment was totally polluted, while the Americans made billions of dollars selling their chemical fertilisers and pesticides to India, using Indian soils as a dumping ground.
Most tragically of all, India's one and only brilliant agricultural scientist and plant breeder par excellence, late Dr RH Richharia, Director of the prestigious Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, who would not bow to American pressure and part with our very unique rice germplasms for lure of money (in contrast to the other "scientist"), was not only hounded out of office, but made to lose the top job of Director General of the reconstituted Indian Council of Agricultural Research in New Delhi. This position was rightfully his, but was manipulated to be taken away from him by the hidden agenda of the "scientist" referred to above.
Dr Richharia died a broken man, unable to withstand the treachery directed against him by a coterie backed by the Americans. Anyway, that is another story which contemporary Indians have chosen to forget, sadly, for a once great country. We have many among us now, in public and private life, who are ready to sell this country to the aliens for personal gains, surprisingly even in the "supposedly honest" media and newspapers.
To return to our theme, the results on the vegetable front are simply startling and the prospects look extremely promising. The phenomenon can be summed up in just two words – a "Vegetable Revolution". Small farmers, reeling from recurring droughts and declining productivity of staple crops like rice and wheat, are turning enthusiastically to these short-duration crops as the rising demand for vegetables has opened up a money-making opportunity. In a couple of years, India has become the second largest producer of vegetables in the world, next only to China.
A month ago, this author who travels a lot within India and helps poor farmers, was on a tour of the districts of northern Kerala. Here one found rice farmers who had given up rice and were cultivating beans, cucurbits and banana. When asked about the switch, they simply said, "With an unreliable monsoon and a step-motherly attitude of the government, who seem to be helping the land mafia through the back door, we found vegetable cultivation a lot more profitable. The short duration cycles, and low inputs, make it all the more rewarding".
Take this example from Jharkhand. Ram Oraon, 60, a marginal farmer from Malhan Bhuiyadih village near Ranchi, blamed his grandfather for his poor health and a life spent mostly battling poverty; he watched two brothers die young from poor health. Over the years, Oraon realised the reason for his family's sufferings, "Like other farmers in my village, my grandfather would grow rice and potato and we would eat mostly that. He never saw profit in vegetables, nor was he aware of their health benefits". Though late in life, Oraon made a course correction. About a decade ago, he switched to vegetable farming. Showing off a basketful of freshly harvested brinjals from his farm and a bundle of notes, Oraon said "Now, we are healthy and a bit wealthy". This holds true for most families in his tribal village now. Lured by the booming vegetable market, the farmers of Malhan Bhuiyadih and several neighbouring villages in Ranchi have dumped paddy and other staple crops for growing the greens.
Flood-prone Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Odisha, receive the vegetables regularly from the district which has earned distinction as the "Vegetable Basket of Jharkhand". By growing vegetables, the tribal population is not only earning a handsome profit, lately they have also started regularly including nutritious greens in their diet, which is a very healthy trend.
About a decade ago, farmers in Malhan Bhuiyadih grew vegetables and paddy in the ratio of 40:60. But now, paddy occupies only 25 per cent of the land. The Economic Survey of Jharkhand shows that some 80,000 hectares have been brought under vegetable cultivation during the last decade.
In 2000, vegetables were grown on 150,000 hectares, which has led to a drastic change in the agricultural employment pattern. While in 1983, vegetable farming employed a negligible number of farmers, it now employs 2.3 per cent of the state's farmers. Traders from as far as Delhi throng the rural weekly vegetable markets to procure vegetables, cart them to Delhi and sell at huge profit. To harness the potential of the new economy, traders in the state are demanding a special train to ferry vegetables to far off cities like Bengaluru and Mumbai. This was unthinkable a decade ago.
It is heartening to note that Jharkhand is not alone in this trend. Farmers across the country, particularly in drought-prone regions, are waking up to the potential of this new "Vegetable Revolution". Vegetable production has been traditionally considered a risky venture because of the shorter shelf life. But all this is changing fast.
What prompted the switch over? The popular perception is that farmers shifted to vegetables only in the past 4-5 years to exploit the rise in vegetable prices. But, this is not true. The shift has been gradual for a decade. States such as Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha – which frequently suffer droughts and floods – were the first to make the switch.
People who closely follow the farmer's plight cannot fail to note that the shift is a coping mechanism in the face of frequent failure of the monsoon or sudden floods, and the prevailing agrarian crisis. A nagging question is, will this switch affect food security of the country? The answer is that it will not. The bread basket will continue to remain Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh in the north and Andhra Pradesh in the south. The point to note is that the soils of these states are getting increasingly degraded because of the monoculture of rice-wheat rotation.
In my considered view, the shift towards increased cereal production will now take place in the eastern belt, particularly Bihar. A Bihar farmer is on record as having produced a rice crop that yielded more than 23 tonnes a hectare – indeed a world record!
Since 2000, drought has been regular in several districts of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. These are the districts where most farmers have resorted to vegetable production. In 2010, after six consecutive years of drought in the Bundelkhand region, the Madhya Pradesh government called a special session of the Legislative Assembly to discuss ways to make farming profitable. One key strategy suggested was to increase the area under vegetables by 500, 000 ha. In 2012-13, the state received an award from New Delhi for the highest growth in vegetable production in the country.
Growing vegetables is currently the most profitable proposition available, especially for small and marginal farmers. Even in a tiny state like Kerala where, faced with the non-profitability of paddy, farmers are switching almost wholesale to banana, cucurbits, melons and beans, in Palakkad district, the "rice bowl" of Kerala.
What is also pushing farmers to switch to vegetables is shrinking farm size. The average land holding in the country in 2010 was 1.22 ha. It was almost double (2.28 ha) in 1970. Staples like wheat and paddy are less productive, the yield levels having steeply plateaued or declined. In such a situation, the farmer has no choice except to pump in more costly inputs like fertiliser and pesticide to prop up the yields. This has become un-remunerative.
Add to this the scarcity of labour – typically characterised in a state like Kerala. The Gulf boom led to a large exodus of unskilled labourers who once toiled in the fields. This is most markedly seen in Palakkad district, where rice farmers are either abandoning their fields or putting them to vegetables.
This situation opens up the chances of food insecurity, but the state has in any case depended on imported rice from other states, mainly Andhra Pradesh, for a long time. However, under the technical guidance of the author, a vigorous "Paddy Campaign" is in place to restore the state's pre-eminent position in paddy cultivation, but progress is at a snail's pace.
In 2007, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) did a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of growing vegetables among other horticulture products. It found the shift to horticulture was faster in recent years due to declining benefits from cereals. For each unit of investment in vegetables, the return was almost double; returns were half for cereals. "This implies that it is profitable to cultivate fruits and vegetables rather than cereals" the ICRIER report concludes.
Of course, the time was right and the opportunity too good to miss. Food preferences were changing in this period. People now demand vegetables and other high-value commodities like fruits and livestock products rather than cereals due to rising incomes and changing lifestyles.
It is not that cereals are totally dispensed with, but the proportion of cereals to fruits/ vegetables, unlike in the past, is shifting towards the latter in terms of unit consumption – a trend observed in a growing economy like China as well. This is true for both urban and rural areas. Fruits and vegetables are no longer considered a "luxury" even among the poor. The trend is clearly reflective of a growing Indian economy.
Periodic surveys by the National Sample Survey Office show a clear shift from food grains towards fruits and vegetables, livestock products and fisheries. These are the products responsible for the high and persistent food inflation in the past 5-7 years. Yet their share among all food items consumed remains high: 47.4 per cent in 2007-08, up from 41.3 per cent in 1993-94 and 37.3 per cent in 1983-84.
Between 2005 and 2010, vegetable consumption alone went up by 30 per cent in rural areas. Fruits and vegetables now contribute more than 30 per cent to the overall agricultural output in states such as Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar and the north eastern states, according to the National Horticultural Board.
That farmers prefer vegetables over other crops is also clear from the employment data. The number of people employed in staple crops production has declined and in horticulture, which includes vegetables, it is picking up. The share of horticulture in crop sector employment was 1.9 per cent until 1993-94. It reached 3.5 per cent in 2009-10, though it was a severe drought year. This year, the share is expected to rise to 5 per cent. It is the small and marginal farmers who contribute to this increase. India is increasingly becoming a country of marginal farmers, contributed by the "land grab" mentality of the governments for industrial development.
Vegetable farming is a refuge for small and marginal cultivators battered by erratic monsoons and uncertain returns from staple crops, in particular, paddy. They contribute 70 per cent of the total vegetables produced in the country, while they own just 44 per cent of the land, according to a report of the Planning Commission's Working Group on Horticulture. The shift to vegetables is accelerated because the cost benefit ratio is more, and more frequent, for them than for fruits.
Ecology (environmental considerations) and economics support this transition. On average, a farmer needs one cubic metre of water to produce 330 grams of grains. The same quantity of water is sufficient to grow 18 kg of vegetables. Besides, paddy takes a minimum of 100 days to mature, while vegetables are ready for harvest, depending on what one grows, between 45-60 days. Cereal farming like paddy is un-remunerative on small patches of land, but for vegetables any size will do.
Then there is the price advantage. Unlike the prices of cereal crops, determined by market forces, farmers can sell vegetables at prices they choose. A farmer can sell his or her crop in the local market every week, while for paddy, he has to wait close to four months.
For farmers in Bahuti village of Mirzapur district in Uttar Pradesh, water availability and quality farm inputs posed a big problem. With a view to helping and encouraging farmers to take up vegetable production, the Indian Institute of Vegetable Research in Varanasi introduced a project named "Ensuring livelihood security through watershed based farming system module".
The farmers were encouraged to take up pea cultivation, and two varieties, "Kashi Nandini", which flowers in about 32 days, and "Kashi Uday", which flowers in about 35 days, were taken up. A farmer (Sushil Kumar) earned about Rs1 lakh in less than five months, a sum he would never have earned had he continued with his paddy crop.
There are five basic reasons why vegetables are becoming popular. The first is that they are short-duration crops. This offers the farmer frequent income. In comparison, paddy or millets are long-duration ones for about 6 months or more and the farmer has to wait that long for returns.
Vegetables also offer a ready market. In a vegetable-deficient state, the farmer has a ready market at his doorstep. Horticulture development programmes can further enhance this appeal.
The returns are almost instant; growing vegetables means being integrated with the market. Monetarily, the farmers are better off; they can sell vegetables and with the money buy food grains, and still be left with some cash in hand.
Shrinking land holdings means it makes better sense. Cereals are less viable on small patches of land, but the same patch of land can be used several times to grow vegetables without compromising on cultivation of cereals for sustenance.
Finally, water management is much easier. While cereal crops are monsoon-dependent, vegetables can be cultivated round the year with assured irrigation. The government through the horticulture mission is promoting dug wells. Traditional water storage structures can also ensure irrigation to small vegetable farms.
The Planning Commission provides some interesting data suggesting that the Vegetable Revolution may well be driving India's agriculture. Its estimates are: While production of rice saw negative growth in the 2000s, vegetable production has been consistent. It grew 0.49 per cent in 2007-08, 1.69 per cent in 2008-09 and 6.4 per cent in 2010-11. In 2011-12 it came down, yet it was the highest and three times more than that of fruits.
Though land under vegetable has not grown much – 115,140 ha. has been brought under vegetables across the country during the past 5 years; production has soared by 65 per cent between 2001 and 2011. The average yield per hectare has increased from 12.2 tonnes to 16.7 tonnes.
Vegetable production is growing fastest among all the different varieties of horticulture and this trend will decide the overall growth of agriculture in the country. A true Vegetable Revolution is in the making – a revolution that came by itself, through the combined efforts of countless Indian farmers without the government or agricultural messiahs shouting about it from the roof tops.
This article was first published in the June 2012 edition of Agrarwissenschaft
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Thomas Schröder (República Democrática Alemana, 23 de agosto de 1962) es un atleta alemán retirado especializado en pruebas de velocidad, consiguió ser campeón de su país tres veces en 100 metros lisos, una en 200 y en 4 × 100 m subcampeón europeo en 1986.

Carrera deportiva

En el Campeonato Europeo de Atletismo de 1986 ganó la medalla de plata en los relevos 4x100 metros, con un tiempo de 38.64 segundos, llegando a meta tras la Unión Soviética y por delante de Reino Unido (bronce).

Su mejor marca personal en los 100 metros es de 10.10 segundos, conseguida en la ciudad alemana de Jena en junio de 1986.

Referencias

Atletas de la República Democrática Alemana

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Posted on February 24, 2008 by Dan Brekke
Bicentennial Moment
From my brother John, a good writeup (from the Associated Press, by way of MSNBC) on the upcoming bicentennial of the birth of a president who served from 1861 through 1865. No, not the one you're thinking of.
"It hasn't been easy getting people excited about celebrating the 200th birthday of that tall, gaunt, bearded, Kentucky-bred president who was born in a log cabin and went on to lead his people through a bloody civil war."
Enough suspense. We're talking about Jefferson Davis. Doing a quick Web sift for a related item, I stumbled across this item in the Andalusia, Alabama, Star-News. In a column of local goings-on, which is worth reading for the strong local flavor, there is an extended account of a recent Davis bicentennial event: a re-enactment of his swearing in as president of the Confederacy in Montgomery.
Among the many gently disquieting observations delivered in the Star-News column is this one:
"The program was a long one, presided over by Mrs. Napier, who runs the White House of the Confederacy and is a great-niece of Douglas Southall Freeman, most famous biographer of Robert E. Lee, whose bicentennial was celebrated last year.
"Mrs. Napier spoke of 'presentism,' which she defined as 'imposing today's values on the past' as a means of judgment. She did not favor that."
You know, I love the code. We are not to judge the past by today's values. By which the speaker means "we shouldn't judge slavery, and the South's embrace of it, by the enlightened standards of 2008." Slavery was just a fact of life in the South, and no one today has the right to judge that. Uh huh.
It's true that we Americans are mostly a little shortsighted about slavery and its legacies. It thrived in the North, for instance, and was only gradually outlawed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It's true, too, that when the Civil War came one of the great bastions of pro-Southern and anti-emancipation sentiment was New York City. The brutal reality of slavery darkened the entire Union.
But there I go, calling slavery "brutal." That's just modern values judging the well-meaning gentlefolk of yesteryear.
Except, of course, it's not: The contemporary reality of antebellum America, and of the world beyond, was full of recognition that slavery was barbaric and ought to be ended. That doesn't mean the question was ever simple. But revisionism aside, that's why that damned war was fought–based on 19th century values, not something we ginned up in the 1960s.
Now: Applying 1860s values to today? That I have a problem with. (And so does novelist John Scalzi, who over the years has made a cause out of puncturing latter-day delusions about the nature of the Confederacy.)
Technorati Tags: civil war
CategoriesCurrent Affairs, History Tagsconfederacy, jefferson davis, slavery
3 Replies to "Bicentennial Moment"
I read that John Scalzi stuff. It's very good. Well thought out…and pretty much sums up how I feel. Jeff Davis was a very smart man. Somewhere in that brain of his he had to know that the Southern "Cause" was a non-starter, a sort of flying brick. Maybe that explains the petulant expression in the photos of him. He had to justify something that was completely unjustifiable…the CSA. I remember too the stuff about Alexander Stephens' rationale for slavery as a cornerstone of the CSA and how the institution was enshrined in the Confederate constitution. But it is good to be occasionally reminded of these things.
One question: You weren't required to turn in a bibliography or sources page with this paper?
I rail at my fellow students on a regular basis about applying contemporary standards to history on a regular basis. I too love that code. It makes me crazy when people who are supposed to be trained or are being trained as historians don't make the attempt.
Hi, Stephanie:
What paper? All I wrote was a blog post, and the main piece of writing I pointed to was another blog post. I only promise to attempt well-informed opinion; if I come across good sources, I do what most other bloggers do and offer links.
I agree with you that it's tricky to interpret any period of history through the lens of today. But that's exactly where the critics of the critics of the Confederacy are wrong. A substantial minority in the United States considered slavery to be a moral evil in the years leading up to the Civil War; the existence of this substantial body of opinion in the United States was one of the key reasons the South decided it wanted out of the Union. So I agree with what Scalzi says: We're not imposing 21st century reasoning or morality on the honorable folks of the mid-19th century Confederacy to view their cause as unjust and wrong. Plenty of people thought so at the time, based on their 19th century view of things.
(If there's any misunderstanding here, it's probably my fault; I was being ironic when I said "I love the code." I was talking about the coded language I believe present-day apologists for the Confederacy continue to use.)
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This entry was posted in Uncategorized on February 27, 2013 by lutherancampuscenter.


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Cristiano Ronaldo wants to play in record 6th World Cup in 2026 with Portugal aged 41
Manchester United and Portugal superstar, Cristiano Ronaldo wants to keep playing for Portugal till the 2026 World Cup when he'll be aged 41.
Ronaldo has already had a stellar international career with Portugal, winning Euro 2016, and is the all-time leading international scorer with Portugal.
A new report by SunSport claims he is keen to play in the 2026 tournament, being hosted in the US, Canada and Mexico.
Ronaldo and rival Lionel Messi are set to play in their fifth World Cup in Qatar next year.
They will join German legend Lothar Matthaus and Mexican pair, Rafael Marquez and Antonio Carbajal, who did the same.
If Ronaldo achieves the feat of playing in the 2026 world cup, it will add to a long list of records the former Juventus and Real Madrid superstar has broken.
"She's asking why her father is not calling to talk to her"
UNN student threatened with expulsion after 'going naked' while dancing to win N10k at an event in the school (video)


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The Royal Forums > Reigning Houses > British Royals > Current Events Archive
Prince Charles and Camilla Parker-Bowles News 3: November 2003-May 2004
Dennism
Location: East of the sun and west of the moon, United States
Okay. Please take your argument and disagreement offline or at least out of this forum. Thank you. Now back to news and photos about Charles and Camilla.
WYAO
That is the "news" however, a published report in a major daily circulation that this woman has cancer. You can't get away from it. If you'd confined your forum to just news of the Prince of Wales, you might have gotten around that. You chose otherwise. That's the problem with including non-royal personages you can live with the news and comments that you like to hear about them, but not other times, when you don't like the direction of the news about them or the comments that ensue. Such is life...
Fireweaver
I'm curious. I know Camilla is technically a private person, but as the companion of the Prince of Wales, where does the line fall for privacy? Also, did Camilla herself deny the cancer, or does she have a spokesperson? Since she's been with the PoW so long, it's hard to think of her (imo) as a private person, but at the same time I realize she isn't royal.
Originally posted by Fireweaver@May 6th, 2004 - 2:42 pm
im hardly answer with it!
Camilla is not Royals! but she dont have spokesperson but its only for Royals Family only like as Prince Charles and his sons and HM Queen, member of Royal Family also but Camilla had no history of Royal Family when she met Prince Charles in 1970's before Diana Spencer.
I knew about Camilla! but i dont support of Camilla! because she wrecked Prince Charles and Princess Diana's marriages you know that! but Camilla is not private person!
Sara Boyce
Bubbette
It takes two to be in a marriage, and Charles was not in it--you can't blame Camilla for that.
See, she sort of is a private person. She's not an actor/artist/singer/royal/regular celebrity. All she's famous for is her love affair with the Prince. Didn't Charles's PR people answer some stuff about Camilla before? or was that after the PR guy left Charles's employment?
I believed they have in some cases. I forget when. I think to deny rumours of this or that.
Prince Charles Meets Urban Music Festival Stars
Prince Charles visits a group of students from the University Of Westminster who were rehearsing ahead of this weekend's Prince's Trust Urban Music Festival, May 7, 2004 in Harrow, London. The two-day Urban Music Festival at Earl's Court kicks off tomorrow, May 8, and will feature the cream of UK and US hip-hop and R&B stars.
with Run DMC and Russell Simmons
greeting his public
The Prince and Jay-Z
With two students
with Lemar
in a group
with the new Chief Executive of The Prince's Trust, Martina Milburn
BUCHAREST, ROMANIA: The heir to the British throne Prince Charles meets Romanian President Ion Iliescu ® at Cotroceni Palace, the Romanian President headquarter in Bucharest, 10 May 2004. Prince Charles arrived here on one-week private visit during which he is notably to discuss environmental issues
yeadonite
What is the story from across the pond?
Prince Charles has arrived at a remote monastery in Greece for a private visit, Buckingham Palace has said.
He is to stay at a Greek Orthodox monastery on Mount Athos, which he has visited on several occasions.
Accompanied by two men, believed to be bodyguards, the prince flew to Kavala, 433 miles north-east of Athens, before taking a private yacht to the retreat.
His spokeswoman declined to comment on claims that he would like to convert to the Greek Orthodox church.
Royal convert?
The purpose of the stay at the Holy Monastery of Vatopaidi, where monks rise at 4am and follow a daily regimen of chores and prayer, would remain under wraps, insisted the Palace.
"Prince Charles is a regular visitor to Mount Athos but this is very much a private visit," the spokeswoman said. "As such, we will not be revealing any details of the trip."
Mount Athos has been a centre of Eastern Orthodoxy since AD963 and is classed as a semi-autonomous monastic republic.
The Guardian newspaper reported that the frequency of the prince's visits had fuelled speculation among clerics in Greece that he is interested in converting to the religion.
According to legend, the Virgin Mary was blown ashore there on her way to Cyprus and was so overwhelmed by the mountain's beauty that she asked God to give it to her as a present.
Monks on the rugged peninsula, who call it the Garden of the Holy Virgin, live in a self-governing community dedicating themselves to quiet contemplation of the Virgin and God.
It has Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian and Romanian religious houses among its 20 monasteries and the monks are entitled to Greek and European citizenship regardless of their country of origin.
Women - even many female domestic animals - have not been allowed on the mountain since a decree banning women was issued by Byzantine Emperor Constantine Monomachos in 1060.
As well as visiting the Vatopaidi retreat regularly, both Prince Charles and Prince Philip are members of The Friends of Mount Athos, a society formed in 1990 by people with a shared interest in the monasteries of Mount Athos.
Prince Charles talks to Pippa Hogg, Head of the Lower School at The Royal Ballet's White Lodge School in Richmond Park, England, 18 May 2004, as he watches a ballet lesson. Prince Charles took over the roll of President at the training school following the death of his late aunt, Princess Margaret.
HRH P.C.
Prince Charles poses with pupils of The Royal Ballet's White Lodge School, Richmond, England, and the Dirctor of the School, Gailen Stock, 18 May 2004, after watching their ballet performance
(it's hard to pick him out, but he's there)
Prince Charles, Camilla to wed in September: German prediction
BERLIN (AFP) - Prince Charles and his long-time companion Camilla Parker-Bowles will marry in Scotland in the coming autumn, a German royal expert and author predicted.
"The wedding is due to take place in a small church in Scotland at the end of September," Norbert Loh, who has closely followed European royalty for some 30 years, told Bayerischer Rundfunk radio.
There has no official word in Britain on a possible marriage between Charles and his long-time companion.
Loh, who has just finished a book to coincide with this weekend's wedding of Prince Felipe de Bourbon and former journalist Letizia Ortiz, said the church to be used for the wedding would be the same one in which Princess Anne, Prince Charles's sister, married for the second time.
Charles's late wife Princess Diana was reported to have blamed Parker-Bowles for the break-up of their marriage. While Parker-Bowles is recognised as a "non-negotiable" part of his life, she has no official status
(Oh my. link)
ABOVE MY DEAD BODY!!!!!!!!!!!! Camilla princess of wales NNEEVVEER!!!!!!!!1
CathyEarnshaw
Originally posted by corazon@May 18th, 2004 - 2:32 pm
First of all the story is based on a report by German "royal " expert Norbert Loh. I don't hold much credence to it.
Second, the wife of the Prince of Wales is styled as HRH The Princess of Wales. In Britain, wives take their husbands' ranks, unless their rank is higher.
Originally posted by Lyonnaise@May 18th, 2004 - 12:24 pm
oh good grief!
Camilla cant become Queen! if Prince Charles would lose! but Princess Diana would knew it! i knew Princess Diana blame Camilla when Diana and Charles got marriage when Charles went see Camilla many times since Prince Harry's birth in 1984 but Diana wanted Camilla away from Prince Charles and Diana's married life!
that not good idea! if his mother would found out about it!
p.s. im not fans of Camilla Parker-Bowles but im still as fans of Princess Diana lots and im still fans of Prince Charles also! but Camilla not Royals and she not Princess Diana!
Originally posted by sara1981+May 18th, 2004 - 7:12 pm-->

QUOTE (sara1981 @ May 18th, 2004 - 7:12 pm)


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Cet article dresse la liste des commentateurs du Tour de France en France, sur France Télévisions depuis 1959 et sur Eurosport depuis 1993.

Les dates clés de la télévision sur le Tour

1952 : première dans le journal télévisé
C'est sous la houlette de Pierre Sabbagh, l'inventeur du journal télévisé, qu'une première équipe de la télévision fit ses premiers pas sur le Tour de France à l'occasion de sa trente-neuvième édition. Juché sur une moto, le cinéaste de la presse filmée Henri Persin, tournait des images sur la course. Les films étaient ensuite récupérés à l'arrivée, puis envoyés à Paris le plus rapidement possible. Une fois le développement des films terminé, les monteurs s'affairaient à la construction d'un résumé diffusé à l'occasion du journal de la mi-journée le lendemain de l'étape, commenté par Georges de Caunes.

1958 : l'Aubisque en direct
Premier direct en montagne au col de l'Aubisque. Un autocar de retransmission dirigeant quatre caméras est installé au col pyrénéen, permettant aux quelques possesseurs de postes de télévision, de découvrir les passages au sommet.

1959 : le Puy-de-Dôme à l'honneur
Lors du Tour de France 1959, c'est le contre-la-montre Clermont-Ferrand - Puy de Dôme qui est proposé en direct. L'émetteur de télévision placé au sommet du géant des Dômes permettant la transmission des images des caméras fixes et ainsi voir Bahamontes triompher dans cet exercice devant Charly Gaul.

1960 : premiers directs mobiles
C'est à l'occasion de l'ascension du Col de Peyresourde que la R.T.F (Radiodiffusion-télévision française) utilise ses premiers moyens mobiles de direct. Une Citroën ID 19 Break, une moto et un hélicoptère sont mobilisés pour assurer la retransmission du col, ainsi que la descente vers Bagnères-de-Luchon. Une totale réussite qui permet de voir l'opération renouvelée lors de la montée du col de l'Izoard.

1961 : quatre directs sur le Tour
La R.T.F propose aux téléspectateurs de suivre quatre étapes en direct tout au long du Tour de France ultra-dominé par Jacques Anquetil. Grenoble-Turin le , Luchon-Pau le 11, Bergerac-Périgueux le 14 et l'arrivée finale au Parc des Princes le .

1962 : la révolution haute fréquence
Grâce à la HF (la transmission des images via la haute fréquence), les dix derniers kilomètres de chaque étape sont proposés en direct. Avec une qualité parfois aléatoire, obligeant souvent Robert Chapatte à faire de la radio pour commenter la course.

1968 : le Tour en Eurovision
Les reportages quotidiens de soixante minutes sont désormais retransmis dans les pays adhérents à l'Union européenne de radio-télévision. Chaque retransmission est ouverte par le célèbre Te Deum, générique emblématique du diffuseur européen.

1975 : TF1 et Antenne 2 en alternance
Suite à l'éclatement de l'ORTF, on vit en 1975 la naissance de TF1, d'Antenne 2, puis de FR3. Concernant la couverture du Tour de France, TF1 et Antenne 2 se partagent les retransmissions en diffusant à tour de rôle les étapes en direct. FR3, première chaîne à émettre en couleur, profite de cette technologie pour proposer les étapes diffusées par TF1.

1985 : Antenne 2 en exclusivité
Partageant jusque-là la diffusion du Tour en alternance avec TF1, Antenne 2 obtient en 1985 les droits exclusifs de diffusion du Tour de France dans l'hexagone. Cette exclusivité marque un tournant dans la couverture de la course, avec une augmentation des moyens de productions mis à disposition par la SFP. Outre le final des étapes, on retrouve en direct l'ascension des principaux cols de la course en direct. Au micro, l'inamovible Robert Chapatte assure les commentaires de la course s'attachant les services d'un consultant de luxe, le quintuple vainqueur du Tour de France, Jacques Anquetil. Un tandem assisté de Jean-Paul Ollivier sur une moto. Autre nouveauté, la traditionnelle émission d'après-course, Face au Tour, disparaît au profit d'une émission menée par le journaliste Jacques Chancel, « À chacun son tour ». Enfin ultime révolution, le traditionnel résumé de l'Eurovision de 19h30 laisse place à un innovant journal du Tour, mis sur pied par Gérard Holtz, mêlant résumé de l'étape du jour par Patrick Chêne ou des rétros de Jean-Paul Ollivier, surnommé Paulo la Science. Une couverture complète qui ne connait qu'un seul couac, la retransmission tronquée de l'étape de Luz-Ardiden, un épais brouillard clouant au sol l'hélicoptère relais.

1990 : premier direct intégral
À l'occasion de l'étape Saint-Gervais-Mont-Blanc – L'Alpe d'Huez, Antenne 2 et FR3 se relaient tout au long de la journée, pour proposer un suivi continu de la grande étape des Alpes. Fort du succès rencontré après une telle initiative, l'année suivante trois étapes sont proposées en intégralité. Dans les années 90, chaque massif montagneux a droit à une étape en couverture intégrale, avant que se généralise, dans les années 2000, ce dispositif à toutes les étapes de montagnes et à celle des Champs-Elysées, auxquelles sont ajoutées les deux ou trois premières étapes depuis 2007.

1992 : l'avion relais ignore les nuages
Jusqu'au début des années 90, c'est aux hélicoptères que revient la tâche de transmettre le signal de la course. Lorsque la pluie et les orages s'en mêlent, les hélicoptères devant rester cloués au sol, il devient impossible de retransmettre une étape. À ce titre, l'arrivée à Morzine en 1991 restera dans l'histoire comme la dernière étape du Tour de France non retransmise en direct. Dès 1992, la SFP expérimente sur la Classique des Alpes un avion relais, situé au-dessus des nuages, permettant ainsi la transmission des images des motos par tous les temps. Une nouveauté mise à l'épreuve dès 1992 en Auvergne, avec l'arrivée dans le brouillard à la Bourboule. Malgré la purée de pois dans le final, les téléspectateurs d'Antenne 2 purent vivre le magnifique succès de Stephen Roche, dans la station auvergnate.

2007 : le Tour passe à la Haute-Définition
Révolution dans les foyers, les téléviseurs à tube cathodique commencent à faire place aux écrans plats et leurs technologies Full HD. France Télévisions expérimente ce procédé, en proposant aux abonnés ADSL d'Orange, une retransmission sur un canal spécifique en HD, commentée par André Garcia et Carlos Da Cruz. L'année suivante, cette nouveauté est proposée sur le signal international, en parallèle du signal classique. En 2009, avec l'apparition de la HD sur la TNT, tous les foyers équipés ont accès à une qualité d'image quasi parfaite.

2017 : toutes les étapes diffusées en intégralité

En 2017, les dirigeants de France Télévisions décident de diffuser l'intégralité des étapes du Tour de France. Les chaînes France 2 et France 3 se relaient pour diffuser la course du départ jusqu'au passage sur la ligne d'arrivée.

En 2020, en raison de la pandémie de Covid-19, les commentateurs de France Télévisions et Eurosport ne suivent pas physiquement le parcours du Tour (reporté en septembre) mais commentent les étapes en cabine depuis Paris. Seuls les commentateurs sur les motos et les journalistes pour les interviews de départ et d'arrivée suivent le peloton. Ce dispositif est renouvelé en 2021.

En 2022, les équipes de commentateurs sont de retour sur les routes du Tour.

2022 : premier Tour de France féminin
L'équipe de commentateurs présente en cabine pour commenter la course se compose d'Alexandre Pasteur ou Nicolas Geay et Laurent Jalabert, tandis que la speakerine Marion Hérault-Garnier commente et suit la course depuis une moto son.

Tableau des commentateurs successifs

Sur la RTF puis l'ORTF (sur la Première Chaîne) (1959-1974)

Sur TF1 et Antenne 2 (1975-1984)

Sur France Télévisions (Antenne 2 et FR3, puis France 2 et France 3) (depuis 1985)

À partir de 2014, France Télévisions doit donner un jour de repos par semaine à ses journalistes. Ces derniers sont donc absents de l'antenne un jour au cours de la première semaine (une journée de repos étant prévue dans le programme du Tour de France au cours de la deuxième et troisième semaine). Cette contrainte ne concerne pas les consultants. Nicolas Geay remplace ainsi Thierry Adam puis Alexandre Pasteur en tant que commentateur principal pour une étape. D'autres journalistes de francetv sport remplacent les commentateurs sur la moto : Gérard Holtz (2014), Jean-François Kerckaert (2015-2016) ou Nicolas Geay (2017-2020). En 2022, la journée de repos lors de la première semaine permet aux journalistes de suivre l'ensemble des étapes.

Sur Eurosport

Les deux premiers consultants commentent la course avec le journaliste tandis que les autres consultants analysent la course avant et/ou après la course.

Tour de France Femmes
En 2022, Amaury Sport Organisation relance le Tour de France Femmes. La première étape est diffusée en direct sur France 2 avant la  étape du Tour de France. France 3 diffuse les étapes suivantes. Eurosport 1 diffuse également toutes les étapes en direct.

Nombre de saisons par commentateur

Journalistes

Consultants

Liste des réalisateurs successifs
Le réalisateur du Tour de France sur France Télévisions réalise également le signal international envoyé à toutes les autres chaînes françaises et étrangères.

 1990 à 1997 : Régis Forissier
 1997 à 2019 : Jean-Maurice Ooghe
 Depuis 2020 : Anthony Forestier

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Commentateurs


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Writer: Dan Jurgens
Artist: Ronan Cliquet
Color Artist: Nick Filardi
Nightwing #62 brings back a blast from Nightwing's past, in the form of his great-grandfather William Cobb, A.K.A. Talon. Ric Grayson says that his life as Nightwing is behind him, but with every passing moment his heroic nature is becoming more and more prominent.
It's fantastic when comics writers take the challenges thrown at them by a multi-title crossover, and use them well. Dan Jurgens has dug into the archives to bring back a villain who will challenge Ric, but who also has an emotional link to him. Unlike many "Year Of The Villain" tie-in issues, this one doesn't feel forced, but natural. That's down to the talent of a veteran comics writer.
Jurgens is continuing the ongoing narrative, both in regard to Ric's blossoming relationship with Bea, and Alphonse Sapienza's team of Nightwings. To handle all of this, and the latest annual event, in a way that feels both fluid and organic is impressive.
On A Wing And A Prayer
It seems seems that my prayers and wishes for this title have finally come true. Nightwing #62 is the second issue in a row that has the same art-team handling the visuals. Once again Ronan Cliquet has provided the line-art, with the ever impressive Nick Filardi providing color, and the always artistic AndWorld design giving us something to read. Two issues in and I'm enjoying Cliquet's version of Ric Grayson, particularly his stripped down biker costume. It's simple, yet makes perfect sense for the story.
Nick Filardi is a consistently great color artist. I love his flesh-tones and he enhances Cliquet's art brilliantly, without swamping it or detracting from it. The two artists work very well together.
I love what Dan Jurgens is doing in this book, and am happy that it finally seems that we have a permanent art team too. Nightwing has always been one of my all-time favorite comics characters, so seeing handled with flair, care and passion makes me very happy indeed. I'm enjoying his romance with Bea, watching him evolve as a hero, and as a human being. Now I'm also nervous/excited to see what will happen between him and Talon.
Yep, this series is well and truly winning.
Andworld Design Comics Review Dan Jurgens DC Comics Fantastic Universes Lex Luthor Nick Filardi Nightwing #62 Ric Grayson Ronan Cliquet Steve J. Ray Talon William Cobb


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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article "Costa_Rica", which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
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text:
Shin Lim Net Worth
in Richest Celebrities › Directors
Shin Lim Net Worth:
Shin Lim net worth: Shin Lim is a Canadian American magician who has a net worth of $5 million. Shin Lim was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in September 1991. He is best known for his card tricks using sleight of hand. Shin Lim is best known for winning the television show America's Got Talent in season 13 which had a $1 million prize.
He is a self-taught magician who learned most of his tricks watching videos on YouTube. Lim was a pianist but was diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome and chose to practice magic. He won the 2015 Federation Internationale des Societes Magiques in Close-up Card Magic. Shin Lim has also appeared on the television series Penn & Teller: Fool Us in 2015 and 2017 and in 2019 he competed on the TV series America's Got Talent: The Champions. He also won a headlining act at the Paris Theater at Paris Las Vegas for winning America's Got Talent.
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Date of Birth: Sep 25, 1991 (30 years old)
Place of Birth: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Profession: Close-up magician
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Norway maintains rate but still eyes March hike
Norway's central bank left its policy rate steady, as expected, but said it would "most likely" raise the rate in March as the upswing the country's economy had continued and underlying inflation had risen more than expected and was now close to the bank's inflation target.
Norges Bank (NB) left its policy rate at 0.5 percent after raising it twice in the second half of 2021 (September and December) by a total of 50 basis points.
"Based on the Committee's current assessment of the outlook and balance or risks, the policy rate will most likely be raised in March," said NB Governor Oeystein Olsen in a statement.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, NB cut its rate three times and by a total of 1.5 percentage points to 0.0 percent and also slashed banks' countercyclical capital buffer by 1.5 percentage points to counter any tightening of banks' lending standards, which would amplify the economic downturn.
But helped by the bounce-back in crude oil prices and the global economy, Norway's economy recovered swiftly in the second and third quarters of 2021, and headline inflation has topped the bank's 2.0 percent target all year.
In December last year, when NB raised its rate for the second time, it also raised the countercyclical capital buffer as of Dec. 31, 2022 and said it would most likely raise the rate again in March this year.
Norway's headline inflation rate rose to a 2021-high of 5.3 percent in December, 2021, from 5.1 percent in November while the core inflation rate, which strips out tax changes and energy, rose to 1.8 percent from 1.3 percent.
Norway's economy grew 5.1 percent year-on-year in the third quarter of 2021, down from 6.2 percent in the second quarter and while NB said higher COVID-19 infection rates had help back activity, unemployment appeared to be lower than it had forecast and relaxation of containment measures will likely contribute to a continued economic upswing.
"Monetary policy is expansionary," the bank's monetary policy and financial stability committee said, adding:
"In the Committee's assessment, the objective of stabilizing inflation around the target somewhat further out suggests that the policy rate should be raised towards a more normal level."
NB publishes its monetary policy report four times a year - in March, June, September and December - and normally makes changes to its policy stance at the same time.
Norges Bank released the following statement:
"Policy rate unchanged at 0.5 percent
Norges Bank's Monetary Policy and Financial Stability Committee has unanimously decided to keep the policy rate unchanged at 0.5 percent.
"Based on the Committee's current assessment of the outlook and balance of risks, the policy rate will most likely be raised in March", says Governor Øystein Olsen.
The upswing in the Norwegian economy continued through autumn. Recently, higher infection rates and extensive containment measures have held back activity. Unemployment has edged higher but appears to remain lower than projected in Monetary Policy Report 4/21. Relaxations of containment measures will likely contribute to a continued economic upswing. Higher electricity prices have resulted in high consumer price inflation. Underlying inflation has risen more than expected and is now close to the inflation target.
Monetary policy is expansionary. In the Committee's assessment, the objective of stabilising inflation around the target somewhat further out suggests that the policy rate should be raised towards a more normal level. A gradual normalisation of the policy rate is consistent with continued high employment. Higher interest rates will also help counter a build-up of financial imbalances.
In its discussion of the balance of risks, the Committee noted that while the Omicron variant appears to be less virulent than the Delta variant, there is still uncertainty about the further evolution of the pandemic. The Committee was also concerned with the risk of a potential rise in domestic price and wage inflation due to capacity constraints and persistent global price pressures."
Labels: coronavirus, Europe, interest rates, Monetary Policy, Norges Bank, Norway, Scandinavia


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CPA: An Overview
CPA History
Text of CPA Legislation
CPA State Map
CPA Trust Fund
About the Coalition
Latest CPA News
CPA Success Stories
Upcoming CPA Elections
History of Amendments to CPA Legislation
CPA Databank
Information on Individual CPA Communities
Statewide Stats
CPA Projects Database
CPA Trust Fund Revenue
Our Most Popular Articles
Is Our Project Allowable?
CPA Restrictions
CPA Plans & Applications
CPA Income Limits
Sec. of Interior's Standards
Dept. of Revenue Information
Tech. Assistance Articles
Have A Specific Question?
Frequently Asked Questions: Check the Coaliton's CPA Project Reference Guide
Contact the Coalition Staff
Adopting CPA
CPA Adoption Overview
Adoption Case Studies
Exemptions to the CPA Surcharge
Sample Ballot Language
Community Preservation Committees
Where Does CPA Funding Come From?
175 CPA Communities
Alphabetical list of all CPA communities
Learn more about your community's CPA program
See which communities just voted on CPA adoption
The following case studies highlight six communities that voted on CPA, some successfully, some not. Campaign leaders were interviewed in each of the communities and helped identify important lessons for how to run a successful CPA campaign. The campaign leaders provided thoughtful and helpful insights which are summarized in the case studies. The case studies cover the campaigns of New Bedford, Deerfield, Lenox, Plympton, Quincy, Seekonk, and Andover and include information on how campaign efforts began, campaigning strategies, and advice from the campaign leaders.
Case Study #1: New Bedford
Case Study #2: Deerfield
Case Study #3: Lenox
Case Study #4: Plympton
Case Study #5: Quincy
Case Study #6: Seekonk
Case Study #7: Andover
In 2013, a group of local activists from the city of New Bedford contacted the Community Preservation Coalition ("the Coalition") to find out more about how the Community Preservation Act (CPA) could help them preserve the city's many historic buildings and sites. They were particularly motivated by Fall River, their sister city, which had been successful in adopting CPA in 2012. Coalition staff members met with the activists, and helped them design outreach materials to use in pulling together a network of interested stakeholders to launch a New Bedford CPA adoption campaign.
The Waterfront Area Historic League (WHALE), a dynamic non-profit organization long involved in improving New Bedford's waterfront area, hosted initial campaign planning meetings, and proved to be a driving force behind the CPA campaign. They assembled a diverse campaign working group, hired a campaign coordinator skilled at managing volunteer outreach efforts in city neighborhoods, and registered the group as an official local ballot question campaign committee. The campaign to pass CPA in New Bedford was underway!
The first order of business for the campaign committee was to convince the New Bedford City Council to advance the CPA question to the local ballot. Two politically-connected activists from the campaign met with each city councilor to ask them to support sending CPA to the ballot in 2014. With a unanimous vote of the City Council, and with the support of the Mayor, the CPA question advanced to the city's November 4, 2014 ballot. The Campaign next developed a comprehensive, strategic outreach and communications plan and a detailed campaign budget. It quickly brought in funds from several local foundations, as well as from individual donors and local businesses. With this strong start, the campaign held a well-publicized formal launch event in September at a picturesque waterside park, in front of a historic building in need of rehabilitation.
To prepare for their outreach efforts, the campaign wrote and published collateral materials, including a white paper, a brochure, 'Vote Yes" lawn signs, a press release, a true/false sheet, and a PowerPoint presentation. A campaign Facebook page and an interactive campaign website were developed and actively managed by a web designer at the Buzzards Bay Coalition. The Campaign assembled a large outreach team of diverse stakeholders interested in historic rehabilitation, parks and open space and to a lesser extent, affordable housing in New Bedford. They then scheduled and held over 30 community outreach meetings, and participated in a variety of neighborhood and local events. Fortunately, the New Bedford Economic Development Council endorsed CPA early on, and secured helpful campaign donations from business leaders. Of particular importance to the campaign's ultimate success was positive media coverage - The New Bedford Standard Times formally endorsed CPA for New Bedford, published several pro-CPA op-ed pieces and letters to the editor, and the campaign secured two positive editorials after meeting with the Standard Times Editorial Board. The Campaign also purchased and ran a full-page color advertisement in The New Bedford Standard Times two days before the election. Supporters were interviewed on local cable TV and radio stations. Finally, New Bedford Mayor Jon F. Mitchell hosted a formal press event endorsing CPA a week before the election, which further boosted the campaign's efforts.
As part of the Campaign's get-out-the-vote work, three separate direct mail pieces were created. These were sent to over 17,000 likely voters throughout the city and hand-delivered to nearly 1,000 likely voters the weekend before the election (the first piece was mailed two weeks before the election, the second piece one week before, and the last piece three days before.) On Election Day, the campaign distributed palm cards to voters at the polls, held signs, and wore "Vote Yes" for CPA stickers.
Luckily, New Bedford CPA campaign faced very little active opposition. One citizen activist wrote a letter to the editor addressing some concerns, and the Southeastern Regional Planning and Economic Development District's President responded in a separate letter to the editor.
The result on Election Day was extremely positive - New Bedford voters supported the CPA measure by a comfortable 54% "yes" to 46% "no" vote, becoming one of three communities to pass CPA in November 2014. The Land Trust Alliance featured the results of the New Bedford campaign in their national magazine Saving Land. The article discusses how local land trusts, like New Bedford's Buzzard Bay Coalition, can be active in helping to pass conservation funding ballot elections.
Lessons Learned and Advice for Future Campaigns
The New Bedford campaign worked well because its leaders were committed to the cause and were prepared to take on the challenge of running a strong, positive campaign and educating the voters. The campaign was effective at raising funds for printed materials, a web site, and direct mail pieces, and in using the local press to get its message out to key influencers and active voters, including seniors. Working closely with experts at the Coalition and The Trustees of Reservations who were experienced in running CPA campaigns in other communities, provided a wealth of knowledge to draw upon. Election Day was sunny and relatively warm, which increased voter turnout. A larger team of volunteers would have been beneficial to the campaign, especially on Election Day. The campaign did not have the time or resources to conduct a phone banking program, which may have turned out even more support. However, all-in-all, it was a successful, positive, and well-run campaign, of which New Bedford CPA supporters can feel proud.
In the fall of 2006, the Deerfield Board of Selectmen responded to concerns voiced by community members over the increasing loss of open space, particularly prime agricultural land, by appointing a study committee to identify potential resources for open space conservation. Working with The Trust for Public Land's Connecticut River Valley Project coordinator, Clem Clay, the committee began to outline ways in which the community could better manage its growth. Clem suggested that Deerfield consider adoption of the CPA as one way to fund open space protection, and the committee invited staff from the Community Preservation Coalition to give a presentation about CPA.
According to campaign leaders, the presentation generated excitement from study committee members, who then turned their attention to pursuing adoption of the CPA in Deerfield.
At the study committee's recommendation, CPA was placed on the warrant for a Special Town Meeting to be held in March of 2007. A second open space measure was also placed on the warrant for consideration by the Town Meeting members at the same time.
The Town Meeting vote was successful, and CPA advanced to the ballot. Soon afterwards, a local CPA campaign committee was formed and the campaign for CPA passage was underway! Time was short, however, and the campaign was faced with the daunting task of educating voters on the complex CPA law and the benefits it could bring the community in the space of two short months.
Initially, things went well. Guest columns in the local newspaper provided support and publicity for campaign events, and helped spread the word about the coming election.
However, while the Board of Selectmen agreed to form the initial CPA study committee and hold the Special Town Meeting, not all of the Selectmen came through with strong and open support for the campaign. Some were concerned about the political implications of supporting the CPA.
The campaign pressed on, and while the CPA study committee had focused primarily on CPA as a funding source for open space preservation, the CPA campaign committee presented balanced information about all three (four, including recreation) funding areas of the CPA. Two Selectmen supported this effort by reaching out to town groups with interests in historic preservation and affordable housing. Meanwhile, the campaign committee organized one targeted mailing to all potential "yes" voters.
During the course of this relatively short CPA campaign, campaign supporters did face a mild level of organized opposition from individuals in the community against CPA adoption. Several guest columns in the local newspaper provided an opposing point of view and one anonymous anti-CPA flier was distributed on doorsteps.
Finally, however, on May 7, 2007, the committee's efforts were rewarded with 52% of Deerfield's voters casting their votes in favor of CPA. Ultimately, some of the campaign committee members were appointed as founding members of Deerfield's Community Preservation Committee, and were able to be involved in getting Deerfield's CPA program up and running.
As campaign leaders explain, the Deerfield campaign worked well because a context had already been created for the CPA by the initial CPA study committee. Establishing the CPA study committee allowed the Selectmen to be involved in the process from the beginning. The Selectmen's involvement legitimized the committee, and ultimately, CPA and the campaign for its adoption.
According to Kevin Sprague, President of the Lenox Land Trust, "The Lenox CPA process was an interesting case of old town/new town. The CPA was something that had been talked about for awhile, but it took one of our newer, forward thinking selectmen to bring it forward and get it moving. An ad-hoc community committee was formed, with membership that represented the different perspectives of the CPA: historic, land, and housing. Lenox is a community that is prime for the CPA, as there has been a steadily and growing awareness of the connection between the health of our tax base and the preservation of our environment, cultural, and community attractions. Throughout the process, it was clear from one meeting to the next that the vote would be pretty close. The old town wasn't interested in anything that smacked of an increase in taxes and the new town was consistently able to grasp the nature of community investment: i.e., that the state matching funds would leverage our local contribution and create this necessary pool of money."
The campaign committee used an email newsletter to help spread the word. The committee turned a current issue with the local town library into an example of how the CPA funds could be used.
But the most surprising part of Lenox's campaign was the recount. After the initial vote, the results showed that the CPA lost by just 3 or 4 votes. When the CPA campaign committee asked for a recount, it became clear that the machines that were used to tally votes were flawed. Despite some intransigence on the part of a few municipal officials, the campaign committee pushed through with their demand, and at the end of the recount, the measure won by 8 to 10 votes.
Campaign leaders advised others campaigning to pass CPA to choose a few basic points to center the campaign around, such as the actual amount that the tax bill will increase by; the amount of money gained through state matching funds; or that the community must approve every project. Other advice offered includes the following points:
Keep the message simple and transparent. Avoid confusion!
Remember that you have the right to ask for a recount (within the restrictions of the law).
Target all the different neighborhoods of your community and set up public forums so that residents' concerns can be addressed.
The May 2008 election was Plympton's third attempt to pass the CPA. Many pressures on the town had culminated in a strong need for the solutions that the CPA could provide. A casino planned for the nearby town of Middleborough created new stresses for Plympton, such as a heightened awareness of the need to be able to have a say in affordable housing development and open space protection. Many in the town realized that everything they wanted to do – particularly the development of affordable housing – was actually do-able, with the right resources.
The campaign was well balanced between the three major programmatic areas of the CPA: affordable housing, historic preservation, and open space. Because this was the third time that the CPA was up for approval, the campaign group felt it needed to do less voter education and more work securing the yes votes, by targeting voters and encouraging citizens to get out and vote. They promoted a 1.5% surcharge, which was significantly lower than the 3% surcharge they had previously promoted. The lower surcharge made CPA seem more approachable for many residents. To promote the campaign, the group sent out mailings and conducted informational seminars. Some campaign volunteers also made calls to friends. A canvassing effort in the neighborhoods was very successful, and direct support was also garnered through the informational seminars. The committee mailed letters to elected town officials that included a reply card, so the officials were required to sign the card and send it back if they wanted to support the campaign. This ensured that all of the endorsers were truly committed.
The Plympton campaign was able to ensure support for the CPA through one-on-one contact with voters and by employing a creative way to induce town leaders to commit to the campaign. In a previous CPA attempt, they handled opposition by targeting people in the opposition's circle of influence and swaying their opinion favorably to CPA. Campaign leaders also stressed the importance of staffing the campaign well and enlisting campaign workers who are excited to get out and do things and who like to talk to others about how the CPA can be great for the community. This is especially important if, as in Plympton, you need to get the measure on the ballot through the ballot question petition process.
After CPA passed by 57% of the vote on November 7, 2006, Steve Perdios, campaign organizer and subsequent Chair of the City's new Community Preservation Committee, was pleased that all the campaign's hard work paid off. CPA came to the forefront in Quincy primarily as a result of concerns over losing open space.
A group led by Mr. Perdios first attempted to put CPA on the ballot in 2005 via a vote of the City Council, but was unsuccessful. However, Mr. Perdios and a group of about 10 steadfast volunteers did not give up. In the summer of 2006, they successfully gathered about 4,000 signatures on a petition to put CPA on the ballot. The signatures were gathered primarily by volunteers manning tables outside of supermarkets and armed with talking points and flyers about CPA. Not only was the effort successful at gathering signatures, but it accomplished widespread outreach and education about CPA.
The campaign committee raised $7,000 and worked with up to 35 volunteers, of which there were about 10 core volunteers. The campaign committee was also supported by efforts of the Quincy Environmental Network, a local open space protection advocacy group. The campaign committee strategically focused on getting the word out to people who were most likely to vote. They began with a list of all people who voted in all of the last six elections, which narrowed the master list of over 50,000 to about 10,000 names. The committee focused on getting at least one good piece of literature into the hands of each of those 10,000 voters. Literature was distributed in one of two ways: door to door and mailings. Using maps that highlighted the targeted voters' residences, a small army of volunteers went door to door in each of the 30 precincts leaving door knockers. For voters on the list of 10,000 who lived in large apartment complexes that had limited access, the committee mailed literature. These drops were made within two weeks of the election and, according to Perdios, worked like a charm.
In addition to the door to door effort and the limited mailing, the committee also organized press events, community meetings, letters to the local press, a guest appearance on Quincy Access Cable, and use of a phone bank. The phone bank accomplished about 80 phone calls with local volunteers and another 500 by contracting with a firm. Although the CPA campaign only had the support of two city councilors, the other seven did not officially oppose CPA. Also, the Mayor did not take an official position. The lack of official opposition was a boost to the campaign.
As Mr. Perdios explains, "It's a lot of hard work. You've got to dedicate yourself for at least six months – just hunker down, really allocate time, and get it done. Expect everyone to come out against you and work your tail off. And, finally, don't get greedy, 1% is a lot of money."
Focus strategically on people who are going to vote.
Get out one good piece of literature to the list of most-likely voters.
You can never raise too much money or have too many volunteers.
Talking to over 4,000 individuals to gather signatures for the petition to put CPA on the ballot was helpful to spread the word, to perfect our talking points, and to learn early on which voters are not worth talking to.
Collect 25-35% more signatures than you need because many may be thrown out during the certification process due to illegibility and other reasons.
Leaving literature door to door at the homes of the most likely voters was highly effective.
You have a much better chance of succeeding with no organized opposition.
After a handful of Seekonk citizens attended the Community Preservation Coalition's Southeastern MA conference in November 2007, they were inspired to shape an organized effort to adopt CPA in their community.
The group called themselves "CPA Seekonk" and solicited interest from other volunteers to join the effort. The Seekonk Land Trust was instrumental in supporting the group's efforts from the beginning and was particularly helpful with outreach efforts and funding.
The preservation of open land and development of a town park were the leading issues that initially generated local interest in CPA. Although many citizens were passionate about the issues, the group was working under tight time pressures—they only had about three months to collect almost 500 signatures in order to get CPA on the ballot for the April 7th, 2008 municipal election. Setting up stations at the local library, they focused their efforts on getting the requisite signatures and successfully submitted over 500 signatures to the town clerk in mid-February—about a week early. Soon they learned that the Town Clerk had certified the results, and CPA was on the ballot!
With only about six weeks to educate local town boards, commissions, and officials as well as voters, the small group had to scramble. They held two public meetings, made a presentation to the Board of Selectmen, wrote several letters to local newspapers, displayed two newspaper ads, mailed about 1,200 brochures to registered spring voters, and made some telephone calls.
They received official support from various entities including Seekonk Human Services, The Land Conservation Trust, the Seekonk Historical Commission, as well as Representative Steve D'Amico, the Runnins River Watershed Steering Committee, The Trustees of Reservations, and MassAudubon.
Why it Failed
The timing proved difficult for Seekonk's 2008 CPA campaign for two primary reasons. As Susan Waddington, a member of CPA Seekonk, reflects, "There was not enough time between turning in the signatures and the election to adequately educate town officials and the public about CPA—we were not experienced enough to do both at the same time". Just before the election, it was clear that some influential citizens did not have a full understanding of CPA. In addition to the limited campaign time, a contentious race for Board of Selectmen vied with CPA for the attention of the voters.
Try, Try Again
Although CPA failed to pass in April 2008, voters in Seekonk ultimately endorsed CPA at the municipal election held on April 6, 2009. By building on the education and outreach effort that was started for the prior 2008 campaign, CPA supporters were able to reach out more broadly and in some ways with more clarity and focus.
The committee also held an open house at the town library where various stations were set up to provide information about CPA. The library is a major gathering place in Seekonk and meetings there are announced on the library's web site. Previously the committee had held a traditional public meeting at the middle school, which was not as well attended as was hoped.
In Susan Waddington's words, "If you can get community opinion makers on your side, that's a great thing. You also need hardworking and committed volunteers". Timing is important— having enough time to campaign and educate. As campaign leaders explain, opponents often insist that it is "not the right time" for CPA, but by explaining that adoption of CPA allows communities to access the state trust funds, community members can be convinced that they can complete much-needed projects that could never be funded through the regular and shrinking municipal budgets.
The town of Andover voted on CPA for the second time in March of 2008. Andover's first attempt to adopt the CPA had been in 2002, but it failed to get past the Town Meeting vote at that time.
On reflection, campaign leaders believed that the 2002 attempt failed because the campaign did not present a clear picture of what the CPA funds would be used for. In addition, CPA faced strong opposition from the then-Finance Committee chair. Campaign leaders also felt that general cynicism about state politics resulted in an underlying belief that the CPA, still a brand new law in 2002, could not survive long, because the state would not be able to provide the matching funds guaranteed by the program.
At the March 2008 election, CPA was again defeated in Andover, with 44 per cent of the local electorate voting for passage, while 56 percent voted against it. Read on to find out what went wrong during this community's second attempt to pass the CPA.
By 2007, many communities near Andover had adopted CPA. A core group of townspeople realized that by not voting for the measure in 2002, the community had missed out on a great opportunity. So they decided to bring the question before the voters again, and this time successfully got the measure through Town Meeting and on the ballot for spring 2008.
Unlike during the 2002 campaign, there was no strong opposition to CPA from town officials; however, there was no strong support either. The Finance Committee was split, with some members supporting CPA and others opposing it, while the Selectmen chose to take no position at all. The town appeared to be behind the measure, and town residents had a history of supporting open space preservation by periodically voting to bond for large open space acquisitions. The campaign also pushed the development of more local affordable housing as an important benefit of participation in the CPA program.
Unfortunately, when election day came, the ballot initiative failed, with about 1,500 voting against and 1,200 in favor of CPA.
According to campaign leaders, resident opposition to new taxes was very strong. The town was facing financial difficulties and many were opposed to any tax increase. Most of the residents' current tax concerns were focused on the school system, and some believed that the CPA would make it harder to raise funds for the schools and other town services. Residents were also wary of the measure because the state is no longer able to match the funds by 100% and some residents voiced the opinion that, without a 100% match, it was not worth paying the surcharge. Despite the town's long-standing support for open space preservation, an open space bond that was on the ballot with the CPA also failed.
In 2002, CPA campaign organizers had spoken to every small grassroots activist group in the area in order to gather their support. In 2007, the campaign focused its efforts on meeting with various town committees, such as the Conservation Commission, and with local conservation groups. The fact that a total of eleven Andover community groups strongly supported the CPA in 2007 was a testament to the campaign's efforts.
Campaign leaders reflected that if they were to try again in the future, they would stress that even a 26% annual match is still a very good return on taxpayers' investment in the community. Having a strong argument against the anti-tax opposition would have been the best way to pass the CPA.
Community Preservation Coalition
6 Beacon Street, Suite 615
Virtual Towns & Schools Website


The Environmental Protection Agency's "Clean Power Plan" unleashed a firestorm of criticism -- but New York has been well ahead of the debate by setting out the most ambitious environmental targets in the country. In fact, Governor Andrew Cuomo has staked his reputation on achieving "50 by 30," meaning that by 2030 the state would get half of its electricity from renewable energy sources. This is a bold but achievable goal. If it were embraced by today's presidential candidates and then embraced nationally, the United States would make a huge contribution to preventing climate change.
"If" is the key word, unfortunately.
Generating sufficient electricity with clean energy is a big lift. It requires having the attitude John Kennedy manifested about going to the moon: "we do this not because it's easy; we do it because it is hard." To make it even harder, in addition to the 50 by 30 commitment, Governor Cuomo has said no to fracking and wants to close one nuclear plant (Indian Point) while keeping others open with new subsidies. Indian Point is a huge source of zero carbon electricity, so shuttering it commits the state to an even more ambitious program of clean energy resources and infrastructure development.
We've examined how the state could meet its 50 by 30 goal. Large quantities of clean power can be achieved by combining wind, solar and stored power, of which large-scale hydro is by far the most economical. Because the New York grid, like others in the region, was essentially built for coal, oil and gas-fired generators, these bundles of wind-and-hydro power will be delivered to market via new and enhanced delivery infrastructure.
This clean power future is feasible. It's within our grasp. Renewable energy is all around us, in the breezes we feel and the sunshine we enjoy. Hydro to firm up these intermittent resources already exists in New York and more can be imported from Canada. Once all these terrestrial resources have been tapped, New York can turn to offshore wind, which also has immense potential.
Clean energy commitments have become more attractive politically for two reasons. First, developing wind and solar within the state of New York promotes economic development in the north and west of the state, where such development is essential. Second, thanks to sustained technological progress, clean energy supply as well as more efficient energy demand are more and more economical. "Outsourcing" power production to natural gas is no longer necessary: gas prices are inevitably volatile, so while natural gas is cheap today, it will not always be cheap. Wind and solar and hydro generation, once built, rely only on "fuels from heaven" -- the free wind and solar and hydro resources that are all around us.
So New York's clean energy commitment is a great economic strategy, a fact that's not lost on Hillary Clinton or Bernie Sanders, both of whom are committed to national Clean Power Plan implementation. However, it's likely that, if elected, both Donald Trump and Ted Cruz will scrap the Clean Power Plan because, in Senator Cruz's words, "The scientific evidence doesn't support global warming." Yet in a multitude of polls, that point of view is not held by the majority of New Yorkers. So as an energy policy, scrapping the Clean Power Plan -- federal or state version -- is a loser of an idea.
Here's the truth: Developing this kind of new grid for clean power should not be a political wedge issue.
If the rest of the country implements New York's approach to the Clean Power Plan, hundreds of billions of dollars in capital will be invested by the private sector, and hundreds of thousands of new jobs will be generated by the cleantech energy sector. We'll replace dependence on volatile and depletable fossil fuels with dependence on stable and sustainable renewables. Governor Andrew Cuomo has started this transition, the energy discussions in the primaries should shed further light on this process, and the presidential election this fall will determine whether the New York model for combating climate change will be embraced or rejected across the country.


The grape hand tree is a remarkable and valuable plant. The grape hand tree has possibly a lot of uses. The lover of the grape hand seed is used as a source of food to maintain life. It is an important ingredient in medicine. Other parts of the seed are used as resources to construct protection, make apparel, charcoal, and different tools. The goal of the seed is numerous. The grape hand tree has got the scientific title: Cocos nucifera, but it's different effectively indicating titles that seem to accommodate it really as well. In India it is called "Kalpa vriksha" or the "tree which supplies all the needs of living ".In the Philippines it is called the "tree of living ".
The grape hand develops abundantly in the tropics น้ำมันมพร้าวสกัดเย็นแคปซูล and it gives the islands the feeling of heaven and relationship, especially along its coastlines. It on average develops to 60 to 70 feet tall and has a life span all the way to 70 years. The fruit of the grape tree is known as botanically a seed, however in the tropics it is mainly considered a nut. It bears year-round in bundles of 5 to 12 crazy every month.
The grape hand requires 14 weeks to fully mature. A grape is wholly full of fluid (referred to as grape water) and has small meat. The meat is smooth and jelly-like in structure and could be enjoyed with a spoon. A fully adult grape has less fluid and more meat. Its meat is thick and difficult and less special than the meat of the small coconut.
The content of meat and fluid ranges as the lover matures. Fresh adult grape meat can be used to make make grape dairy, but fresh grape meat can ruin rapidly and so it's frequently dry to last for many days and lengthier if made in an airtight package and kept cool. But, it is the meat of the grape that's used to make grape gas that's grabbed probably the most controversy within the last two decades and encourage several natural fallacies.
Coconut gas has been around for thousand of years. Evidence of its early use sometimes appears in Ayurveda literature. In India, the gas was used in food, lotion, pomades, baths, and medicines. It absolutely was also used in Asia, The Pacific islands, Africa, and Key America. It absolutely was introduced to the Europeans as much back the 15th century.
By the 1800's, grape gas was a principal form of deal for several islands and countries that had an abundance of the grape palms. It wasn't only an edible gas; it absolutely was used to make soap, candles, bulbs, pomades, and many cosmetics. So as to produce a quart of gas, 10 coconuts were needed. An elevated demand in grape might certainly suggest larger prices. The leading country producers of grape gas were Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, and India. It absolutely was also stated in Latin America and South America. These are the producers that were mainly affected by the largest propaganda actually hatched in the subject of nutrition.
In the 1970s, reports indicated that soaked fat raise blood cholesterol that could raise the danger aspect in the development of heart disease. In the USA, grape gas had been used in several cooking products. Even in several previous American menu publications, the gas was included. But shortly several customer teams and special interest business began to lobby removing grape gas from most of its foods.
Consequently, grape gas, due to the large content of soaked fat and its new stigma as an "artery-clogging fat", became an unwelcome and an "bad" choice in cooking. This perpetuated a perfect environment for different forms of gas producers to take advantage of that growing customer fear. And that's precisely what they did to drive their cheaper hydrogenated oils.
By the 1980's, more work was place to encourage the use of soybean oils. The anti-tropical gas apply campaign causes were really vocal and were shortly successful in decreasing the entire use of the tropical gas, including grape gas, in the American diet to about 2%. Food suppliers even went in terms of saying within their brands that their products "contains no tropical gas ".
The scientific and political propaganda was successful in getting the interest of the public to replace tropical oils with cheaper polyunsaturated soybean gas from American farmers. Most people and commercial food market reinforced the indisputable fact that polyunsaturated vegetable gas, such as soybean, safflower, and corn oils, were excellent in lowering whole cholesterol, a lot better than grape oil. (One essential truth to notice is that this method of lowering whole cholesterol wasn't adequate to ascertain a wholesome cholesterol. A person with a total cholesterol studying of 200 mg/dl can still have heart problems. The simplest way to evaluate cholesterol is by the use of the cholesterol relation that requires under consideration the quantity of HDL and LDL. A cholesterol relation of 5.0 is typical, and above that value indicates an increasing risk of heart disease). By the 1990's, competition in the edible gas industry was almost eliminated. Warm gas exporters from Malaysia and the Philippines reacted as to the they termed as "harsh discourage ways" used against their products.


text:
«Crossfire» () — песня американского автора-исполнителя и фронтмена рок-группы The Killers Брэндона Флауэрса и первый сингл из его дебютного альбома Flamingo. Сингл был спродюсирован Бренданом О'Брайеном и выпущен летом 2010 года.

Сингл вошёл в лучшую десятку хит-парадов Бельгии, Великобритании и Ирландии, а также занял шестое место в американском чарте Alternative Songs журнала «Биллборд». В списке лучших песен он занял 135-е место на сайте газеты New York Post и 31-е — на Gigwise.com.

Релиз и продвижение
«Crossfire» впервые появилась в интернете 11 июня 2010 года. 14 июня состоялась её премьера на британской радиостанции BBC Radio 1 в программе Зейна Лоу, в которой Флауэрс также дал интервью. 3 августа сингл был выпущен на 10-дюймовом виниловом диске с изображением (picture disc); сторона «Б» содержала акустическую версию песни «On the Floor». С этой песней, единственной в плей-листе «Би-би-си», Брэндон стал наиболее часто ротируемым исполнителем на неделе, завершившейся 23 августа. «Crossfire» была включена в основной плей-лист BBC Radio 1 и BBC Radio 2. 6 сентября композиция возглавила хит-парад журнала New Musical Express и оставалась на вершине до 27 сентября.

8 июля 2010 года на YouTube-канале Флауэрса был представлен видеоклип на песню, срежиссированный Нэшем Эджертоном с участием Шарлиз Терон, которая сыграла роль сильной девушки, освобождающей своего возлюбленного из плена. Видео получило номинацию на премию NME.

Отзывы
Критики прохладно встретили сольную работу Флауэрса. В журнале «Роллинг Стоун» песне поставили 2,5 звезды с такими словами: «Она звучит как бисайд Killers — стандартный танцевальный рок в духе "Boss встречает Bono", напичканный таким метеорологически-метафорическим неистовством Флауэрса, что возникает желание обратиться в FEMA».

Журнал Fuzz назвал композицию «боевой»: «Боевую в плане её торжественного настроя, будто ты отправляешься свершать великие дела, и уверен в том, что всё получится». На сайте Звуки.Ру обратили внимание на «траурные интонации» в голосе Флауэрса, связав это с недавними трагическими событиями в жизни певца.

Список композиций
iTunes download
 «Crossfire» — 4:17

Promo CD
 «Crossfire» (radio version) — 3:59
 «Crossfire» (album version) — 4:17
 «Crossfire» (instrumental) — 4:17

10" picture disc
 «Crossfire» — 4:17
 «On the Floor 2.0» — 3:10

Чарты

Примечания

Ссылки

Песни по алфавиту
Песни 2010 года


Kindful is a donor management platform. It enriches a clients existing donor database with engagement metrics and lifetime value as well as providing donors control over their giving. Kindful features a Dashboard, a Donorfeed, Donor Profiles, Online Fundraising, and Data Integration.
Kindful came to us as they were leaving their previous development shop. They were looking for a local development shop that could get them out of some technical difficulties and help them develop an in-house development team.
We started by stabilizing Kindful's codebase and moving them to a more reliable hosting provider. From there, we implemented a number of mission critical features for them that allowed them to bring on new clientele. From there, we implemented a large refactor's to allow Kindful to grow with more clients, as well as a number of mission critical features and production support. We also assisted them in interviewing, and later mentoring, an in-house development team. This is a major accomplishment since Kindful started out with no technical staff whatsoever. We continue to work on challenging features and mentoring of their team.


I then unintentionally matched my outfit to my nails for work the next day haha!
Just a very quick post today because unfortunately my laptop broke on me last night so I'm having to use my half hour "dinner break" at work to type up this post :( I'm really hoping to get a Macbook or an iMac!
I wanted to share with you a nail design which I did after seeing it on google! I love cats and I love nails. So why not mix the two?
I thought this design was quite simple at first, but it did get a bit tedious with the polkadots!
I used OPI Nail Envy Original as a base coat.
I then used this polish again to create cat shaped heads at the tops of my accent nails as shown.
I then used my dotting tools (bought off ebay - LINK) to create the polkadots using Barry M Black & the cats eyes & nose.
I then used Models Own Nail Pen Black to create the cats mouth.
I used some cheap nail pens to add the blue eyes and pink inner ears.


text:
Gisslebyn, Sillingebyn och Viksfors var 1990 en av SCB avgränsad och namnsatt småort i Säffle kommun i Värmlands län. Den omfattade bebyggelse i de tre sammanväxta byarna i Långseruds socken. Efter 1990 har kraven för småort inte lägre uppfyllts och sedan dess existerar ingen bebyggelseenhet med detta namn.

Noter

Ej längre existerande SCB-definierade orter i Säffle kommun
Tidigare småorter i Sverige


28 * Constructor to generate object from the corresponding SBML object.
52 * Set fill color.
68 * Returns the fill color.
76 * Returns the fill rule.
84 * Returns true if the fill attribute is set or false otherwise.
92 * Returns true if the fill rule attribute is set or false otherwise.
100 * Adds the attributes for a 2d graphical primitive object to the passed in.


Pottery Barn PB Teen Mauve Lattice Wool 8x10 Rug. This is a Brand New Pottery Barn Teen Mauve Lattice Wool 8x10 R. Please view our other auctions for more great Pottery Barn deals! _gsrx_vers_836 GS 7.0.14 (836). The item "Pottery Barn PB Teen Mauve Lattice Wool 8x10 Rug" is in sale since Tuesday, May 22, 2018.
This item is in the category "Home & Garden\Kids & Teens at Home\Rugs". The seller is "booadams" and is located in Maineville, Ohio. This item can be shipped to United States.