The invention describes a system with a multifunctional integrated visual sensor using a CMOS or CCD technology matrix having a sensitive area divided into sub-areas dedicated to a series of specific functions.
 本发明涉及准备配置在道路上的静止检测装备的领域,该装备检测并在需要时记录环境状况与监测和控制交通状况。  The present invention relates to the field of preparation still detection equipment arranged on the road, the equipment detects and records environmental conditions and monitoring and controlling traffic when needed.
 控制交通(车辆队伍,意外事故,障碍,振动)。  control traffic (vehicle team, accidents, obstacles, vibration).
 最好自动而有效地执行所述功能,从而向使用人和操作人员提供可靠的实时信息,这些信息使特定的驾驶员改变其驾驶风格(速度、照明等)或其路线(改变路线或车道)及装载的物体以改变有关的装备(照明、道路标志等),并直接干预公路操作人员(交通偏离、帮助)以及记录检查后的现场(如果需要)。  preferably performed automatically and efficiently said functions, so as to provide reliable real-time information to the operator and the use, the information that the particular driver driving style change (speed, lighting, etc.) or their route (change route or lane) and loading objects to change the relevant equipment (lighting, road signs, etc.), and direct intervention highway operators (traffic deviations help) and field (if required) after the record checking.
 在有雾的情况下,可以使用设置在道路上或交通隔板上的带可变频率和可变照度的断续应急灯。  In the case of fog, it can be used on a road or emergency light chopper with variable frequency and variable illumination settings on the traffic separator. 但是,应急灯的频率和强度应当根据外部照明(白天、夜晚、黄昏)和能见度状况而调整,以便获得有效的信息同时避免晃眼现象。 However, the frequency and intensity of emergency lights should be adjusted according to an external lighting (day, night, dusk) and visibility conditions so as to obtain effective information while avoiding glare phenomenon.
 申请人不知道上述领域中的先有技术解决办法,提供了一种视觉传感器,用于将若干功能组合在其敏感区域中的道路用途。  The applicant does not know of the above-described prior art technical solutions, to provide a visual sensor for road use in combination a plurality of functions which the sensitive region.
交通控制用的静止位置(US 57771484,GB 2288900,ITMI93A001604,EP 1176570, FR 2771363)。  Traffic control with a rest position (US 57771484, GB 2288900, ITMI93A001604, EP 1176570, FR 2771363).
 因此本发明的主要目标是提供一种以多功能视觉传感器为基础的检测装置,用于待安装在道路或公路部分(例如入口)来监测和控制交通并用于检测雾/能见度,该装置简单、紧凑、便宜而高度可靠。  Therefore the main object of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional visual sensor based detection means, for highways to be installed in a road or portion (e.g., inlet) to monitor and control traffic and for detecting fog / visibility, the the device is simple, compact, inexpensive and highly reliable.
 本发明的另一目标是提出一个上述系统,该系统也能用于控制车辆(如安全车) 上,用于动态地监控环境和公路上的交通状况。  Another object of the present invention is to provide an above-described system can also be used to control the vehicle (e.g., the safety car), the traffic conditions for the dynamic control environment and road.
 为了达到所述目标,本发明的目的是提供一种检测装置,待安装于道路或公路上或交通分隔器上,从而完成雾检测、光检测、交通监测和控制中的一项或多项功能,其特征在于,该装置包括包含CCD或CMOS方阵的传感器机构,该方阵有一利用光学系统划分为各子区域的灵敏区域,这些光学系统有不同的方向和/或视野和/或所述子区域的光学分隔方式。  To achieve the above aim, an object of the present invention is to provide a detection apparatus, to be mounted on the road or on a road or traffic divider, thereby completing the fog detection, light detection, traffic monitoring and control of one or a number of functions, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a matrix comprising a CCD or CMOS sensor mechanism, which has a square divided using an optical system for the sub-regions of the sensitive region, these optical systems have different orientations and / or visual field and / or optically separated manner the sub-regions.
 特别是,本发明提出一种检测装置,待安装于道路或公路上或交通分隔器上,该装置包括包含CCD或CMOS方阵的传感器机构,该方阵有一利用光学系统划分为各子区域的灵敏区域,这些光学系统具有不同的视野和/或方向和/或子区域的光学分隔方式,其特征在于,所述子区域设计来进行不同特定功能,所述灵敏区域包括专用于观测行驶在道路网络的某些部分中的车辆数目的交通监测和还专用于观测车辆速度、安全距离、占用的紧急车道、车流或事故的交通控制的子区域,所述灵敏区域还包括专用于进行雾检测或光检测的子区域。  In particular, the present invention provides a detection apparatus, to be installed on a road or on a road or traffic divider, the apparatus comprising a matrix comprising a CCD or CMOS sensor mechanism, which has a matrix with an optical system is divided into various sensitive area of the sub-regions, these optical systems having different fields of view and / or orientation and / or optically separated manner subregion, characterized in that the sub-areas designed for different specific functions, said sensitive area including the observation dedicated traveling in some portions of the road network in the number of vehicles is also dedicated to traffic monitoring and observation of the vehicle speed, the control sub-regional traffic safety distance, emergency lane occupied, or a traffic accident, the sensitive region to be dedicated further comprising fog detection or sub-region of the light detected.
 在本发明的优选实施例中,通过划分敏感区域而将上述各种功能组合在一个CXD 或CMOS方阵内。  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sensitive region by dividing the above-described various combinations of features in a square matrix or a CMOS CXD.
 通过结合主动技术(间接、局部和精确的测量)和被动技术(直接、广泛和自动保证的测量),能见度检测变得"更强"。  By combining active techniques (indirect, local and accurate measuring) and passive techniques (direct, automatic and guarantees extensive measurements), a visibility detecting means to be "stronger."
 利用主动技术的能见度检测是以一种间接测量为基础的:检测的对象是与有关体积中的雾密度联系的背散射辐射。  Active techniques using an indirect measurement of the visibility detecting means is based on: backscattered radiation detected object is a fog density associated with the related volume. 这是一种简单、精确而广泛应用的试验方法。 This is a simple, accurate and widely used test methods. 但是,它有某些缺点,即它是一种局部的(评估传感器附近的雾密度)和间接的测量(通过半经验公式利用雾密度和能见度之间的相互关系)。 However, it has certain disadvantages, i.e. it is a local (evaluation of fog density close to the sensor) and indirect measuring (correlation between fog using the density and visibility through half-empirical formulas).
 相反,利用被动技术的能见度检测是以一种广泛区域内的能见度直接测量为基础的(通过测量光强度和/或反差的在传感器之前的空间或现场中的雾评估),并也能检测开始于离传感器的给定距离(大到50〜100m)的雾提(或任何降低能见度的其它微粒的悬浮)的存在。  In contrast, with passive techniques based on detection of visibility the visibility in the area of direct measurement, a widely-based (haze assessed by measuring light intensity and / or contrast sensor prior to the space or in the field), and also mention the presence of fog (or any other particles suspended decrease visibility) can be detected from the sensor begins at a given distance (up to 50~100m) a.
 专用于被动雾检测的方阵的敏感区域的一部分也执行交通监测和控制的功能。 Part  dedicated to passive fog detection region sensitive matrix also perform the functions of traffic monitoring and control.
 该装置也组合一个温度和相对湿度传感器,从其可以获得露水温度,这些参数在使用一种预报可能生成雾的数学模型的情况下可能是有用的。  This means a combination of temperature and relative humidity sensor, from which dew temperature can be obtained, in the case of using these parameters mathematical prediction model may be generated mist may be useful.
 为了调制有关道路部分上应急灯的强度和/或调整其频率,迫切需要照明检测和能见度评估,以便使所述的照明对车辆清楚可见,但能避免危险的使驾驶员晃眼的现象。  In order to modulate the intensity of emergency lights on road upper portion and / or adjust the frequency, an urgent need to detect lighting and visibility evaluation, in order to illuminate the clearly visible to the vehicle, but the driver can avoid a dangerous phenomenon of dazzling .
 3.紧凑而简单的系统,节省费用。  3. compact and simple system, cost savings.
 图8表示图7细节的放大的分解透视图。  FIG enlarged exploded perspective view of FIG. 7 showing details of the 8.
 用于获得和处理图象、辐射体控制、温度和湿度信号的获得、无线传输、自动诊断的电子系统。  for obtaining and processing the image to obtain the radiator control, the temperature and humidity signal, wireless transmission, the automatic diagnosis of electronic systems.
 该系统例如可以安装在公路上存在的入口,从而监控有关的道路部分。  The present system can be installed for example on the highway entrance, to monitor the relevant road portion.
 图1表示该装置的外壳2的实施例例子,其前表面有一安置实时检测系统(将在下面详细描述)的区域1,受到光窗3的保护。  FIG. 1 shows the housing 2 of the apparatus embodiment of example embodiments, the front surface disposed a real-time detection system (which will be described in detail below) the region 1, the light window 3 be protected.
 本发明利用了构成2002年5月11日提交申请的意大利专利申请TO 2002A 000950的权利要求1的目的而本发明的优先权日期内仍然未公开的建议内容。  The present invention utilizes suggestion contents constitute a priority date of submission of May 11, 2002 Italian patent application TO 2002A 000950 right to request the purpose of the present invention 1 and still unpublished. 上述专利申请书的全部内容参考包括于此。 The entire contents of the patent application incorporated herein by reference. 但是,应当指出,上述发明涉及一种安装在车辆上并包括一个有一划分成子区的敏感区域的CXD或CMOS方阵的非静止可视系统,这些子区域每个设计成用于现场监控或环境参数的检测,上述划分是利用各种光学系统(有或没有成象系统) 来获得的,这些光学系统有不同的方向和/或视野和/或所述子区域的光学隔离方式。 However, it should be noted that the above invention relates to a vehicle and mounted on or comprises a CMOS CXD a sensitive area divided into sub-regions of the square of the non-stationary visual system, each of these sub-areas designed for scene monitoring or environment detection parameters, the partitioned using various optical systems (with or without imaging system) obtained, these optical systems have different orientations and / or visual field and / or the sub-region of the optical isolation mode.
 5.辐射体光能的操作/监控。  The energy radiator operation / monitoring.
 雾降低目视效率,因为雾减小环境反差并因此减小可见空间,有时达数米。  The visual haze decrease efficiency, since the mist is reduced and thus reduce the environmental contrast visible space, sometimes up to few meters. 基本上,目视效率由于觉察深度变小而变坏,觉察深度对于检验和评估空间中物体的位置是绝对必需的。 Basically, visual efficiency due to the deterioration perceived depth becomes small, a depth position for inspection and evaluation of objects in space is perceived absolutely necessary.
 获得能见度的功能是通过组合两个子区域而完成的:在第一子区域中,由于雾的存在而产生的涉及能见度值的背散射辐射用主动技术测量(即通过一辐射体,如LED或激光二极管);在对应于专用于交通监测和控制的第二子区域中,用被动技术和利用不同类型不同复杂性的算法计算(如反差分析;参数和荫蔽、值比例、重叠、视差等)而检测雾提的存在,从而评价非局部能见度。  The visibility function is obtained by combining two sub-areas completed: in a first sub-region, the presence of mist generated visibility relates backscattered radiation values measured with active technique (i.e. via a radiator, such as LED or laser diode); corresponding to dedicated to traffic monitoring and control of the second sub-region, with passive techniques and different types of computing different algorithms complexity (e.g. contrast analysis using; and shading parameters, the value of the ratio, overlapping, parallax etc.) to detect the presence of fog mentioned, to evaluate the non-local visibility.
 图3示意表示利用主动技术检测雾的原理。  FIG. 3 schematically shows the principle of fog detection using active technology. 在该图中标号5和6分别表示辐射体和接收体。 In this figure, reference numeral 5 and 6 respectively radiator and the receiver.
 在一种可能的配置中,专用于交通控制的区域除了给出道路网络的某些部分中行进的车辆数目外,还给出由于精确的图象处理分析而得到的车流(轿车而非卡车;在车流队列中行驶的车辆的平均速度)类型。  In one possible arrangement, the area dedicated to traffic control in addition to the number given in certain parts of the vehicle traveling in the road network, traffic is also given (since the actual car obtained image processing and analysis non trucks; average speed of traveling vehicles in the traffic queue) type. 同时测定对交通控制有用的参数,如速度(轿车和卡车两者)、安全距离、占用的紧急车道、车流、事故。 Determination of the useful traffic control parameters, such as speed (both cars and trucks), safety distance, emergency lane occupied, traffic accident.
 环境照明的功能是由方阵的特定子区域或由包括在专用于交通监控的方阵中的子区域完成的。  The function of environmental lighting is a particular sub-region by a matrix or by a sub-region comprises a complete dedicated to traffic monitoring in a square matrix.
 光窗上污物检测的功能可利用主动技术(即有辐射体)和被动技术(即没有辐射体)两者来执行,并可利用CMOS方阵的子区域或独立的接收组件作为敏感区。  The optical window contamination detecting function using active technology (i.e. radiator) and passive technique (i.e., no radiator) both performed, and a CMOS matrix or a separate sub-region as a receiving component sensitive areas.
 在一可能的配置中,该系统装有与可见方阵隔开的电_光辐射_接收组件(虽然组合于传感器中),从而以主动方式执行光窗上污物检测的功能。  In one possible configuration, the system is equipped with the electrical component receiving _ _ visible light radiation spaced square (although compositions in the sensor), so as to perform the function of dirt on optical window is detected in an active manner.
 按照本发明的另一优选的特点,光窗上污物检测的功能是用主动方式(即通过一个辐射体)执行的,但该接收体是所述可视方阵,带一专用于所述功能的子区域或带一包括在专用于上述功能之一的方阵中的子区域。  According to another preferred feature of the invention, the light window contamination detecting function is active manner (i.e. via a radiator) performed, but the receiver is said visual matrix, with a special to the functions or sub-region comprises a sub-region with a dedicated function in one of the above square matrix.
 按照本发明的再一个优选的特点,光窗上污物检测的功能是用被动技术(如图象分析)在一专用于所述功能的方阵的子区域中或在包括于专用于上述功能的方阵的子区域(如专用于现场监控的子区域)中而执行的。  According to yet another of the present invention a preferred characteristic, the dirt on the light detection window function with passive techniques (e.g., image analysis) in a matrix sub-area dedicated to said function or in the dedicated comprising square sub-region in the above-described functions (e.g., for on-site monitoring of the sub-region) it performed.
 辐射的光功率的监控是通过一个专用于所述功能的子区域或利用一个与方阵隔开的光敏检测器或利用电子电路监控的控制电流和环境温度来完成的。  The power of the monitor light by a radiation dedicated to said function or with a sub-region spaced from the photosensitive detector matrix or with an electronic circuit monitoring control current and environmental temperature to complete.
 在一种可能的配置中,该系统还装有一个测量照相机温度的传感器(如热电偶或PCB温度传感器),从而当温度在需要一个绝对值作为输出值的那些功能中变化时补偿方阵的响应。  In one possible configuration, the camera system is further provided with a temperature sensor (e.g., a thermocouple or a PCB temperature sensor) measurement, so that when the absolute value of the temperature required as a function of the output values that compensate for variations in in response square.  在一种可能的配置中,该系统还装有一个测量外部温度(如热电偶)和测量外部相对湿度用的传感器,从而获得露水温度;这些参数能够预报雾的生成。  In one possible configuration, the system is also equipped with a measured external temperature (e.g., thermocouple) and relative humidity measured by an external sensor so as to obtain dew temperature; these parameters can be generated mist forecasts.
 参照图6中所示的实施例,现场监控功能包括一个物镜30(如一个直径12mm和长度约20mm的显微视频透镜),该物镜有一合适的焦距(如f = 6mm)和一相对于道路平面倾斜的光轴,从而框住一个相对于方阵中心移动并正交于方阵平面的道路部分。  Referring to FIG embodiment illustrated in Example 6, scene monitoring function includes an objective lens 30 (e.g., a length of about 12mm diameter and 20mm lens video microscopy), the focal length of the objective lens has a suitable (e.g., f = 6mm) and a road plane tilted with respect to the optical axis, thereby framing a central portion of the road with respect to the square and orthogonal to the moving plane of the square. 方阵4具有其保护玻璃16,有一不透明区域17和孔18,方阵4安置在物镜后面(也参见图5)。 Matrix 4 with its protection glass 16, 18, arranged behind the objective lens 4 square (see also FIG. 5) and an opaque region 17 holes.
 对于被动技术的雾检测功能,使用如现场监控用的同一物镜。  For passive technique fog detection function, such as the objective lens using the same field of the monitor.
 按照一种优选的特点,用于完成现场监控和被动雾检测的图象光学系统由一个以微光学部件为基础的专用系统组成。  According to a preferred characteristic, for performing scene monitoring and passive fog detection optical system image to a micro-optical element based on a dedicated system.
 对于主动技术雾检测功能,使用一个玻璃或塑料光学纤维9 (也参见图4),其一端靠近方阵4,设有球状透镜15或GRIN (指数梯度)透镜15或根本没有透镜(如11中),而其前端设有GRIN透镜13或带一微光学部件或根本没有透镜(如10中)。  For active technique fog detection function, use of a glass or plastic optical fiber 9 (see also FIG. 4), which end near the square 4, is provided with a ball lens 15 or the GRIN (gradient index) lens, or no lens 15 ( as 11), while its front end provided with a GRIN lens 13 or with a micro-optical component or not the lens (e.g., 10). 光学纤维9的前端联接在高带通(在大于SOOnm的波长透明)/干涉滤光器8(该滤光器也可以没有)和聚光透镜7上(该透镜可以是一个无滤光器的聚光透镜或一个带有干涉涂层的高带通材料的聚光透镜)。 The optical fiber 9 is coupled to the front end of the high band-pass (transparent at wavelengths greater than the SOOnm) / interference filter 8 (the filter may not) and the condenser lens 7 (which may be a lens without filter a condenser lens or a condenser lens with a high band pass interference coating material).
 光学纤维是一种用于改变相对于与方阵正交的方向的视野方向的廉价而紧凑的解决办法。  The optical fiber is a low cost for changing a view direction with respect to a direction perpendicular to the square and compact solution. 事实上,因为在背散射技术中障碍物的存在能够危及能见度测量的正确性,所以接收体的视野应当最好沿水平方向或稍许向上取向。 In fact, since in backscattering technique the presence of obstacles can jeopardize the correctness of visibility measuring, the field of view of the receiver should preferably horizontally or slightly upwardly oriented.
 在聚焦于光学纤维上时,聚光透镜7瞄准7〜8度视野内的入射辐射。  When focusing on the optical fiber, the condenser lens 7 in the incident radiation aimed 7~8 degree field of view. 最好是,在该聚光透镜上应当涂敷防反射涂层。 Preferably, in the condenser lens should be coated with an antireflection coating.
 高通量/干涉滤光器8目的在于限制由于环境光而产生的干扰,在一个调整到辐射体波长(800〜900nm)的带中只过滤辐射分量。  High throughput / interference filter 8 aims to limit interference generated due to ambient light, filtering only radiation components in a wavelength adjusted to a radiator (800~900nm) of the band.
 按照一种优选的特点,聚光透镜7能够用作光学带通滤光器,用高带通材料制成, 其上涂有合适的干涉涂层,使得光谱带通窗调整到辐射体的波长。  According to a preferred characteristic, the condenser lens 7 can be used as an optical band-pass filter is made a high pass band material, which is coated with a suitable interference coating, so that the spectral bandpass window to adjust the radiation wavelength body.
 在光学纤维上游或下游使用微透镜或GRIN透镜能够改善纤维耦合效率如聚焦到CMOS方阵上。  In the optical fiber upstream or downstream using microlenses or GRIN lens can be improved fiber coupling efficiency, such as focusing on the CMOS matrix. 在后一种情况下,不仅有强度增益,而且减小了方阵上的辐射斑点。 In the latter case, not only the strength gain, but also reduces the radiation spot on the square.
 另一种过滤辐射体(参照图6中标号31)信号的解决办法在于使用一调制到给定频率的LED作为辐射体和使用一个在该辐射体频率处的电子带通的过滤系统。  Another filtering radiator (refer to reference numeral 31 in FIG. 6) the solution is the use of a modulating signal given to the frequency of an LED used as a radiator and an electronic band-pass frequency of the filter system radiator . 这种解决办法是使用光学滤光器的替代或补充。 This solution is the use of alternative or supplementary optical filter.
 另一种用于过滤辐射体31的信号的解决办法在于使用环境发光信号来计算背景强度并从雾检测器信号中扣除后者。  Another solution for filtering the signal of the radiator 31 in that environment lighting signal to calculate background intensity and subtracting the latter from the signal of the fog detector. 这种解决办法是已经描述的滤光系统的替代。 This solution is an alternative to the filter system has been described.
 使用一个用聚光的塑料或玻璃制成的光学纤维32来用于照明功能,像被动技术雾检测功能的情况中那样。 The optical fiber  Using a converging made of plastic or glass for lighting function 32, function as a passive technique fog detection case in a. 但是不应当使用聚光透镜,因为检测的信号具有足够的强度。 It should not be used a condenser lens, since the detection signal of sufficient strength.
 照明功能也可以通过计算专用于交通控制或专用于被动雾检测的区域上的平均入射强度来实现。  Lighting function can also be achieved by calculating the average incident intensity on the dedicated control or traffic dedicated to passive fog detection region. 在此种情况下,可以使用像这些功能中的同一光学部件。 In this case, the optical component may use the same image of these functions.
 对于主动技术的污物检测功能,使用一个像主动技术雾检测功能之一的光学系统。  For active dirt detection technique, using an optical system as one of active technique fog detection function. 但是,在这些情况下,辐射体和接受体的视野在包括光窗的一部分的较小体积内重叠。 However, in these cases, the radiator and the acceptor overlap within the field of view comprises a portion of a smaller volume of the light window. 因此涉及该功能的光学系统能使用主动技术雾检测功能的那些部件中的一个或多个。 Thus one or more of those components of the optical system according to this function can be used active technique fog detection function in. 如果用电子技术过滤辐射,最好应当使用不同于雾检测功能所用的调制频率。 If the filtered radiation using electronic technology, use should preferably be different from the modulation frequency used in the fog detection function.
 对于被动技术的污物检测功能,使用像现场监控一样的物镜。  For passive soil detection technologies, like the use of the same site monitoring of the objective lens.
 在图6中,标号30a、7a、3Ia和32a分别表示物镜30、透镜7、辐射体31和光学纤维32的视野。  In FIG 6, reference numeral 30a, 7a, 3Ia and 32a respectively represent the objective lens 30, the field of view of the lens 7, the radiator 31 and the optical fiber 32.
 在图7、8中所示的第二实施例的情况下,用于上述功能的光学聚光部件为包括微透镜或微透镜_棱镜_微透镜的系统。  In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7 and 8, the optical means for condensing the above-described functions including microlenses or microlenses prism system _ _ microlenses.
 该系统可以包括配置在CMOS方阵前面的一个或多个微透镜的方阵。  The system may comprise a matrix in front of the CMOS matrix or a plurality of microlenses disposed. 在每个方阵上可以存在一个或多个微透镜。 Or there may be a plurality of microlenses on each square. 在所示情况下(见图8),在传感器4附近设置一个微光学部件的方阵21,而微光学部件的方阵20向着该装置的外部配置。 In the case shown (see FIG. 8), a micro-optical component is provided in the vicinity of the sensor 4 is 21 square, the square micro-optical component 20 arranged towards the outside of the apparatus.
 对于每种功能,该光学系统包括安置在不同方阵上的一个或多个微透镜。  For each function the optical system comprises a matrix disposed on a different one or more micro lenses.
 2.微透镜的轴向移动或倾斜。 Axial  2. The microlenses moving or tilting.
 球形光链也可以包括微过滤器的方阵或简单地包括用干涉涂层部分覆盖的光窗。  Spherical light chain may also comprise microfilters, or simply matrix comprises an interference coating portion covering the light window.
 为了对每种功能隔绝和调整光学系统的隔板,可以使用一个或多个方便地穿孔的吸收材料衬垫。  In order to isolate and for each function the optical system to adjust the diaphragm, may use one or more pads of absorbent material, conveniently perforated. 取决于其在光链中的位置(在微透镜方阵之前或之后),这些衬底可以用作孔止动件、杂散光挡板或场止动件。 Depending on its position in the optical chain (before or after microlens matrix), which can be used as the substrate hole stopper, the stray light baffle or field stop. 在后一种情况下,最好不使用一个单独安置的衬底,而是使用一个安置在CMOS方阵的光保护窗上的吸收涂层。 In the latter case, it preferred not to use a separate substrate disposed, but the use of an absorptive coating disposed on the optical protection window of the CMOS matrix. 在图示情况下(见图8),提供一个安置在两个微光方阵之间的带光止动件的光隔绝元件22和一个靠近传感器4的用作场止动件的元件23。 In the illustrated case (see FIG. 8), a dim light is disposed between the two light squares with the stopper member 22 and the element shielded from light sensor is used as a near field 4 of the stopper 23.
 在与每种功能有关的光链中,棱镜使光轴偏移(在主动雾检测功能和照明功能的情况下为向上取向),而一个微透镜(或多个微透镜)聚焦透射的光信号。  In each of the functions associated with the light chain, the prism so that an optical axis deviation (in case active fog detection function is a lighting function and is oriented upward), and a microlens (or microlenses) focuses the transmission optical signal.
 仍然按照本发明,该传感器还设置一个用玻璃或透明塑料制成的保护窗16,该窗用作光学纤维的支承(对于带有标准光学元件的配置),而如果需要,设置一个棱镜;这些光学部件插入在所述窗中形成的孔中。  According to the present invention still, the sensor is also provided with a protection window made of glass or transparent plastic 16, an optical fiber as a support of the window (for a configuration with standard optical elements) and, if desired, a set prisms; optical components inserted in the window hole formed.
 参照图7,图中示出两个用作辐射体的LED 31,一个光束成形透镜33与它们联接。  Referring to FIG. 7, is shown as two radiator LED 31, a beam-shaping lens 33 is coupled with them. 标号31a、L、F与T分别表示LED 31的发射束、照明功能的视野、主动技术雾检测功能的视野与交通监测和控制的视野。 Reference numeral 31a, L, F and T respectively represent visual field emission beam LED 31, the lighting function of the field of view, active technique fog detection and traffic monitoring and control.
 仍然按照本发明的另一特点,在专用于各种功能的CMOS方阵的各区域之间安置一个光隔绝系统,该系统包括一个在向着该方阵的侧面上的带有一层吸收材料或反射材料的方阵保护窗表面的部分涂层,例如通过绢网印花术或热蒸发技术来涂层。  in accordance with still another feature of the present invention, among the various functions specific to each area of the CMOS matrix is disposed an optical isolation system includes one toward the upper side of the square with a layer of absorbent portion of the coating material or the surface of the matrix protection window reflective material, for example by serigraphic coating technique or thermal evaporation techniques. 在使用棱镜的情况下,各棱镜面也应当部分涂有一层吸收材料或反射材料,例如通过绢网印花术或热蒸发。 In the case of prisms, each prism surface should partially coated with a layer of absorbent material or a reflective material, such as evaporation by heat or serigraphic technique.
 在带有微透镜的配置中,该光保护窗可以是一个微透镜方阵,不限制安置吸收涂层。  In the configuration with microlenses, the optical protection window can be a microlens matrix, absorbing coating is disposed is not limited.
 该视觉传感器可以是一个具有不同尺寸的CCD或CMOS传感器,该尺寸取决于所完成的功能的数目与设计用于交通监测和控制的视野。  The visual sensor can be a different size having a CCD or CMOS sensor, the number depending on the size and design of the functions performed by the field of view for traffic monitoring and control.
 按照一个优选的特点,该CMOS传感器有一种对数响应,从而有一种取决于象素光强度的几乎直线的能见度显示(用来表示),并因而对大于100米的能见度值有较高的分辨率。  According to a preferred feature, the CMOS sensor to have a logarithmic response so as to have a light intensity of a pixel depends almost linearly visibility display (used to indicate), and hence the more visibility of greater than 100 m high resolution.
 按照一种优选的特点,彩色CMOS传感器能够改进能见度评估算法的强度;在雾的情况下RGB值成为饱和,从而使图象不太光亮而趋向白色。  According to a preferred characteristic, the color CMOS sensor can improve the strength of visibility evaluation algorithm; the RGB values in the case of fog becomes saturated, so that the image tends to less bright and white.
 图象获得可在整个方阵上(在CCD情况下)完成或限制在方阵的子区域上(在CMOS情况下)完成。  images can be obtained over the entire square (in case of CCD) or limited to the completion of the sub-areas of the board (in case of CMOS) is complete. 第二种方案能够对每个子区域使用不同的参数和获得速度。 The second embodiment can use different parameters for each sub-area and access speed.
 在主动雾检测功能中,在光信号滤光器之外,还有一个滤光系统,以与辐射体一起的信号获得为基础(例如,在窗方式下,从专用的子区域产生的信号用一个至少两倍于辐射源频率的框架速度来获得)和以使用合适的数字滤光器为基础。  In active fog detection function, beyond the optical signal filter, there is a filtering system, the signal obtained with the radiator basis (e.g., in window mode, produced from a dedicated sub-region It signals with a frame rate at least twice the frequency of radiation is obtained) and to use the appropriate digital filter is based.
 为了获得和处理信号,该装置还装有一个组合的电子组件和一个无线数据发送一接收组件,以便与其它同样的或低功能的传感器连通。  In order to acquire and process signals, the apparatus further provided with a receiving unit transmits a combined electronic component and a wireless data, so as to communicate with other identical or lower function sensors.
 对于用主动和被动技术的能见度测量功能,该电子组件可以比较与两种测量有关的信号,并在需要时补充使用环境照明信号,从而通过合适的算法输出一个精确而自动保证的能见度信号。  with respect to the active and passive techniques visibility measurement function, the electronic component may compare a signal relating to the two measurements, and supplemental lighting signal environment when needed, so that by a suitable output algorithm automatically ensure accurate visibility signal.
 按照另一个优选的特点,该电子组件也使用温度和湿度信号以相对于先前的算法作了改进的数据融合算法来评估能见度,并在需要时预测雾的生成和变稀。  According to another preferred feature, the electronic component also uses temperature and humidity signals with respect to the previous method was improved visibility data fusion algorithms to evaluate and predict fog formation and thinning when needed.
 1)用每个传感器作为从一个传感器到另一传感器传输数据的桥:每个传感器从上一个传感器接收数据并将其传输给下一个,反之亦然。  1) for each sensor as a bridge from one sensor to another sensor data transmitted: each sensor receives data from a sensor and transmitted to the next, and vice versa. 这种传输进行到一个基地站为止, 该站用收到的资料来处理警报信息、替代路线、召唤警察等。 Such transmissions up to a base station, which use the information received to deal with alarm information, alternative routes, call the police and so on.
 2)使用全部或部分传感器来对到来的车辆发送指令信息。  2) use all or part of the sensor to transmit command information to the incoming vehicles.
 基地站能通过GSM/GPRS/UMTS同时连接到一个中心数据基地,以便上载有关给定路段的数据并同时向行进中的车辆下载待发送的信息。  base station via GSM / GPRS / UMTS simultaneously connected to a central data base, in order to upload data about a given road section information to be sent and downloaded to the vehicle traveling.
一种检测装置,待安装于道路或公路上或交通分隔器上,该装置包括包含CCD或CMOS方阵(4)的传感器机构,该方阵有一利用光学系统划分为各子区域的灵敏区域,这些光学系统(31,7,8,9;31,20,21,22)具有不同的视野、和/或不同的方向、和/或所述子区域的不同的光学分隔方式,其特征在于,所述子区域设计来进行不同特定功能,所述灵敏区域包括专用于观测行驶在道路网络的某些部分中的车辆数目的交通监测和还专用于观测车辆速度、安全距离、占用的紧急车道、车流或事故的交通控制的子区域,所述灵敏区域还包括专用于进行雾检测或光检测的子区域。 A detection device, to be mounted on the road or on a road or traffic divider, comprising the apparatus comprises a CCD or CMOS matrix (4) of the sensor mechanism, which has a matrix with an optical system is divided into sub-areas of the sensitive region of each, these optical systems; different optical separated manner (31,7,8,9 31,20,21,22) having a different field of view, and / or in different directions, and / or the sub-region, wherein, the different sub-areas designed for specific functions, said sensitive area including the observation with specific part of a road network in a certain number of vehicles in traffic monitoring and observation are also specific to the vehicle speed, safety distance, emergency lane occupied, sub-area traffic or control traffic accident, the sensitive region further comprises a sub-area dedicated to fog detection or for light detection.
2.按照权利要求1的检测装置,其特征在于,该装置安装在以一定距离一个隔一个地安置在道路一部分上的一系列入口。 2. The detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the device is mounted at a distance from one compartment disposed on a portion of a set of entries of the road.
3.按照权利要求1的检测装置,其特征在于,所述传感器机构被设计成能通过结合利用辐射体的间接或局部的测量的主动技术和直接、延伸或自动保证的测量的被动技术而综合与薄雾、雾和雾提的存在有关的能见度检测功能。 3. Detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said sensor means are designed to use technology by binding the active radiator or indirect local measurements and directly, extended or automatically guarantee the measured and integrated passive techniques and the presence of mist, fog and mist mentioning about the visibility detection.
4.按照权利要求1的检测装置,其特征在于,所述传感器机构设计用来组合雾提检测的功能。 4. The detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said sensor means are designed to provide a function of detecting fog composition.
5.按照权利要求1的检测装置,其特征在于,所述传感器机构被设计成能结合能见度评估和光检测,从而调整有关道路部分上的应急照明强度。 The detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said sensor means are designed to bind to evaluate the visibility and the light detector, to adjust the intensity of emergency lighting on the relevant road portion.
6.按照权利要求1的检测装置,其特征在于,所述传感器机构被设计成能综合传感器机构的内部温度检测,用于自动调整传感器机构的响应。 6. The detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said sensor means is designed to detect the internal temperature sensor can be integrated mechanism for automatically adjusting the response of the sensor means.
7.按照权利要求1的检测装置,其特征在于,所述传感器包括一个自动清洗光窗或用于清洗光窗的机构。 7. The detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said sensor comprises a self-cleaning optical window or means for cleaning the optical windows.
8.按照权利要求1的检测装置,其特征在于,该方阵有其被划分为5个子区域的灵敏区域,每个子区域专用于下列功能之一:(1)交通监测和控制、被动技术的能见度和/或雾检测;(2)主动技术的能见度检测;(3)环境照明;(4)主动或被动技术的光窗上的污物检测; (5)辐射体的操作。 8. The detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the matrix which has been divided into five sub-areas of the sensitive area, each sub-area dedicated to one of the following functions: (1) traffic monitoring and control, passive technique visibility and / or fog detection; visibility (2) active detection technique; (3) environmental lighting; (4) dirt on optical window is detected active or passive techniques; operation (5) of the radiator.
9.按照权利要求8的检测装置,其特征在于,专用于被动技术的雾检测的方阵灵敏区域的部分也执行交通监测和控制的功能。 9. The detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that the part of the sensitive area of the matrix dedicated to passive fog detection technique also performs traffic monitoring and control functions.
10.按照权利要求8的检测装置,其特征在于,光窗上污物检测的功能是以通过一辐射体的主动技术方式来执行的,并且接收体与该方阵隔开且被组合在该装置中。 10. The detection apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the light window stain detection function is performed by an active radiator of technical means and spaced apart from the receiver and are combined in the matrix apparatus.
11.按照权利要求8的检测装置,其特征在于,光窗上污物检测的功能是以主动技术方式执行的,并且接收体是该方阵本身,利用一专用于所述光窗上污物检测的功能的子区域。 11. The detection apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the light window stain detection function is performed in the active mode technology, and the receiver is the matrix itself, using a dedicated window on the dirt on the light sub-region detection function.
12.按照权利要求8的检测装置,其特征在于,光窗上污物检测的功能是通过图象分析的被动技术方式在专用于所述光窗上污物检测的功能的一个方阵子区域中执行的。 12. The detecting apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the light window passive techniques manner stain detection by image analysis function of the light window dedicated to the stain detection function of a square sub-region implemented.
13.按照权利要求12的检测装置,其特征在于,专用于所述光窗上污物检测的功能的一个方阵子区域也执行现场监测。 13. A detection apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the light window dedicated to the stain detection function also performs a square sub-region-site monitoring.
14.按照权利要求8的检测装置,其特征在于,辐射体操作的监控包括通过专用于所述辐射体的操作功能的一个子区域或通过一与方阵隔开的光敏检测器或通过一监测控制电流和环境温度的电子电路来监控辐射的光能。 14. A detection apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the monitoring operation comprises a radiator dedicated to the functional operation of a radiator, or by a sub-area of the matrix photodetector spaced by a monitoring or control current and environmental temperature electronic circuitry to monitor the radiation energy.
15.按照权利要求8的检测装置,其特征在于,专用于被动技术的雾检测的子区域使用一个位移离方阵中心一定距离的物镜。 15. A detection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the dedicated to passive fog detection technique using a sub-region of the objective lens displaced a distance from the center of the square.
16.按照权利要求8的检测装置,其特征在于,该专用于被动雾检测的子区域通过一个微透镜系统来接收光信号。 16. A detection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the dedicated to passive fog detection receives the optical signal to the sub-region through a system of microlenses.
17.按照权利要求8的检测装置,其特征在于,在专用于照明功能的子区域中,利用一根用塑料或玻璃制成的光学纤维来收集光学信号。 17. The detecting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein dedicated to lighting function the sub-region, an optical fiber made of a plastic or glass to collect the optical signals.
18.按照权利要求8的检测装置,其特征在于,照明功能通过计算专用于交通监测或主动技术的雾检测的区域上的平均入射强度来完成。 18. The detection apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the lighting function is accomplished by calculating the average incident intensity on the dedicated traffic monitoring or to active fog detection area of technology.
19.按照权利要求8的检测装置,其特征在于,用于各种功能的聚光部件由一个或多个重叠的微透镜或微透镜_棱镜_微透镜的方阵组成,由此在每个方阵上<可以>存在一个或多个微透镜,而且对于每种功能,该光学系统包括一个或多个配置在不同方阵上的微透镜。 19. The detecting apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the condensing means for the various functions by one or more overlapping microlenses or microlenses _ _ microlens matrix composition prism, whereby each the square <can> be one or more micro lenses, and for each function the optical system comprises one or more microlenses arranged on different square.
20.按照权利要求8的检测装置,其特征在于,该传感器机构有一用玻璃或透明塑料制成的保护窗,也用作对光学纤维的支承。 20. A detection apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the sensor means has a protection window made of glass or transparent plastic, also serves as a support for the optical fiber.
21.按照权利要求8的检测装置,其特征在于,在专用于各种功能的各区域之间设置一个光学隔绝系统,光学隔绝系统基于方阵保护窗的表面或微透镜方阵在向着该方阵的侧面上部分地覆盖一层通过绢网印花术或热蒸发技术施加的吸收材料或反射材料。 21. The detecting apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the optical isolation is provided a system dedicated to a region between the various functions, the optical insulation system or the microlens matrix on the surface of the protective window of the square in the direction towards the absorbent material is partially covered on the front side applied by the serigraphic technique or thermal evaporation techniques, or a reflective material.
22.按照权利要求1的检测装置,其特征在于,该CMOS方阵传感器机构有一对数响应。 22. A detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the matrix CMOS sensor has a logarithmic response mechanism.
24.按照权利要求1的检测装置,其特征在于,该方阵是一种平行的构造的CMOS方阵。 24. A detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the matrix is provided a parallel configuration of the CMOS matrix.
25.按照权利要求1的检测装置,其特征在于,所述传感器机构还包括一个无线数据传输_接收组件,用于与其它传感器连通。 25. The detecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said sensor means further comprises a wireless data transfer _ receiving component, for communication with other sensors.
26.按照权利要求1的检测装置,其特征在于,所述传感器机构至少部分地用于将指令_信息输送到迎面而来的车辆。 26. The detecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sensor means for delivering at least partially _ instruction information to oncoming vehicles.
EP2136198B1 (en) 2016-05-25 Image pickup and method of detecting road status.


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Structure of Belfast Climate Commission
Community Climate Action Working Group
Climate Crisis Youth Survey
Place-Based Climate Action Network (PCAN)
Belfast Climate Commission and COP26
From 1 - 12 November 2021, the UK Government will host one of the most important climate conferences of the decade in Glasgow - COP26.
At this conference of the parties, up to 200 world leaders will come together with business and civil society to address the global climate crisis.
Important targets will be set for carbon reduction throughout the world over the next three decades which will have a transformative effect on the social, economic and environmental future for us all.
Belfast Climate Commission will mark COP26 with a series of events and activities.
The Belfast City Council website has more information about the Conference of Parties and how you can get involved, including a list of all events happening in Belfast around COP26.
Along with the Centre for Sustainability, Equality and Climate Action at Queen's University, Belfast Climate Commission has organised a series of events during the conference. See schedule below or on our Events page.
COP26 events schedule Belfast Climate Commission.pdf
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The restaurant Pepe in Grani in Caiazzo, just north of Caserta took the crown for Best Pizza in Italy in 2017
© Damiano Errico
Italy's best pizza
It's official. The best pizza in Italy is here in Caserta and you're invited to try it for yourself.
The panoramic terrace at Franco Pepe's pizzeria at sunset. – © Luciano Furia
Caserta has always been the capital of mozzarella and perhaps now it can also claim to be the capital of pizza. Local chef, Franco Pepe has won the 2017 rankings as the best pizza in the Italy at his restaurant Pepe in Grani (Pepper in Grains).
He was recognised for his ability to express the great Italian pizzaiola art, which in Franco's case, has its roots in the tradition of three generations of bakery masters, merged with an innovative vision that has changed the rules of the industry.
Maestro Franco Pepe works the dough for the best pizza in Italy. – © Tuukka Koski
Franco Pepe's vision is to preserve, but also to evolve, the cuisine of his grandfather Ciccio and father Stefano, bringing a breath of freshness and novelty to the baking industry, with a cure for the dough, its leavening and hydration. Then he focuses on respect and special attention to the products of the local region, in a dialogue that enhances the pizza and supports the local economy and farming tradition. This goes alongside his desire to turn pizza into a plate of high cuisine, through collaboration with great Italian and international chefs.
19:00 – 00:00, On Sundays 12:00 – 16:00 | 19:00 – 00:00


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Every season, some extremely talented players slip through the cracks of the NFL Draft and wind up signing as undrafted free agents with NFL teams. This year's UDFA class is far more talented than most, and a few players from this year's UDFA class could make significant impacts in the NFL early in their careers. Here are some of my favorites.
Ben Beckwith, OG, San Diego Chargers. Everyone is talking about La'el Collins with the Cowboys, but Beckwith might mave more upside as a prospect than Collins. Ben Beckwith's story is fantastic; he's heading into camp with the Chargers after walking on at Mississippi State, and has the talent and the determination to stick in the NFL. We covered Ben as a prospect heading into the draft (article here) and were shocked when he went undrafted. Beckwith is an extremely competitive player with a knack for beating the odds and works hard to help his team (here's a great article that offers a nice insight into Ben's personality.). I expect him to not only last in the NFL, but to thrive as a positive locker room presence (and also a fun teammate with a great sense of humor, judging from this twitter post). Beckwith is one of the most focused, hardest working prospects in the league, and has the potential to be a special player, and could be one of the biggest rookie steals in 2015. He's definitely one of my favorite players in this year's rookie class. He's not a household name yet, but given his career trajectory so far, he could be by the time he retires.
La'el Collins, OG, Dallas Cowboys. Collins is probably the most well-known UDFA in 2015 after tumbling from a projected first or second round selection out of the draft, following questions surrounding a death that Collins was questioned about. I think the hype on Collins was legitimate, and he has the talent to stick on an NFL roster following his tumble out of the draft, but he will have to overcome distractions as he works his way into the league. He should stick with the Cowboys, and if he can stay focused, should last for a number of years in the NFL. Him and Beckwith are definitely the top two offensive lineman UDFAs in 2015.
Josh Harper, WR, Oakland Raiders. Who was one of quarterback Derek Carr's top receivers in college? That's right. Josh Harper. Now that he'll be paired with Carr again, Harper should make a noticeable impact on the Oakland offense. While Amari Cooper is the top rookie in the Oakland offense, Harper could emerge as a surprisingly significant player early on in his career given his familiarity with Carr. He should be fun to watch develop.
Cody Prewitt, S, Tennessee Titans. Prewitt is a safety who many experts had projected as a day 2 pick in the draft, yet he tumbled out of the draft inexplicably. He's probably the hardest hitting safety in this year's draft class, and while much of what he does on film is average by NFL standards, every so often he has those special moments that suggest that he can be a capable player in the league. I like Prewitt a lot as a defensive player, and expect him to have a solid training camp and preseason. He should be fun to watch.
Zach Zenner, RB, Detroit Lions. Zenner is one of the most underrated running backs of this year's class. He had solid production throughout college, including against top tier competition, and has similar upside to Jay Ajayi. While there are players ahead of Zenner in the Lions backfield currently, with a strong camp, he could carve out significant playing time in a committee. For more on Zenner's ability as a player, click here.
Every player in an NFL camp is talented, and there are plenty of other talented UDFAs this season, but these guys are my top five. Each of them has the talent to be a special player in the NFL, and I'm excited to watch them in camp. Football is back; let's enjoy it!


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Hayden. Racism & White Privilege, p. 1 of 6 Racism and White Privilege: A Unitarian Response Wilburn Hayden, PhD, Professor & Director of the School of Social Work, York University Hamilton First Unitarian Church May 17, 2009 On behalf of my wife, Patricia Trudeau and my son Donovan, we are pleased to be with you this Sunday morning. Being a Unitarian is important to Patricia and me. Hanging out with Unitarians is a joy; we share a common bound and a commitment to the Seven Principles that defines who we are. My talk will relate to three specific Principles: (1) the inherent worth and dignity of every person; (2) justice, equity, and compassion in human relations; (6 ) the goal of world community with peace, liberty, and justice for all; On Friday, May 14, The Toronto Star reported on new study of multiculturalism by Jeffrey Reitz of the University of Toronto and Rupa Banerjee of Ryerson University. The study "...provides disquieting evidence that members of several visible minority communities don't feel at home here. In their survey of 41,666 Canadians, the two researchers found blacks felt highly stigmatized and South Asians experienced some degree of discrimination. What was most disturbing was that these feelings didn't subside over time. They got stronger. Second and third generation immigrants, identifiable by race, felt less attached to Canada than their parents.
The study used data from Statistics Canada's 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey. In the last seven years, said Reitz, "attitudes have improved in race relations. But they aren't reflected in reduced discrimination. Better is not good enough."
Crunching thousands of numbers from 41,666 people interviewed in nine languages, the justpublished study found skin colour – not religion, not income – was the biggest barrier to immigrants feeling they belonged here. And the darker the skin, the greater the alienation." Lesley Ciarula Taylor. (May 14, 2009 04:30 AM). RACISM IN CANADA. Darker the skin, less you fit. Toronto Star.com, http://www.thestar.com/article/634117
Hayden. Racism & White Privilege, p. 2 of 6 Let me start with race. In multi-racial society like Canada, no matter how we try to avoid it, race matters. It can be positive or negative. For most people with darker skin and people with African heritage, the differences in most multi-racial societies and within nations that are predominately Caucasians is negative. We see it today in Europe including Italy, South America, Cuba, Australia, India, Japan, Russia, Mid-east and Northern Africa including Israel. There are traces in other parts of Africa that were colonized by whites. A number of reasons or rationales can be found for the differential treat and prejudices toward blacks. As a Unitarian, you are no aware of what I am speak, so I will not spend time this morning identifying reasons and rationales in which societies or nations use to oppress and discriminate against black people.
Perhaps racism has been around from the first sighting between different races. It is clear that racism predates William Shakespeare's era; how do you explain Othello. I can not recall any mention of Othello's race within the play, but race is present throughout the play and within English society then and now. For me, the origin of modern day racism comes from the founders of the newly formed country that was separated from the Canadian French and English settlements in North America. African slaves were found throughout the colonies and settlements in North America.
African slaves were well-suited to labor in North America: unlike the Aboriginals, they were resistant to European diseases; they couldn't easily run away; they were not Christians (and hence unprotected by English law); and they were skilled semi-tropical farmers. In the late 17th century, African slaves became available in large numbers just as the English indentured servants, the original labor force for North America, began to rebel and immigration from England slowed. Over time, the degradation of slavery became identified with blackness, giving white Americans the idea that Africans were a fundamentally different kind of people and could be treated less than people who were white.
Thomas Jefferson, (a quasi-Unitarian) can be credited to writing racism into the new nations foundation. He was the first American public figure to suggest "as a suspicion only," that black people might be inherently inferior to whites. Thomas Jefferson was the first prominent American to speculate that black people might be innately inferior to Europeans. Until then, most
Hayden. Racism & White Privilege, p. 3 of 6 Enlightenment figures believed that differences between groups were not inborn but due to environmental factors. It wasn't until Jefferson introduced the radical new ideas of liberty and equality that slavery had to be justified and prejudices against the enslaved began to crystallize into a doctrine of white supremacy. American freedom and the idea of innate racial difference were born together.
As historian Barbara Fields notes, the new idea of race helped explain why some people could be denied the rights and freedoms that others took for granted (The Race Literacy Quiz was developed by California Newsreel, in association with the Association of American Colleges and Universities, www.newsreel.org).
For most Canadians, when they see me or any other black person for the first time, one of the assumptions made is that this person needs to be treated differently because of skin color. There is a prejudgment being made. This prejudice is at the core of racism. It forms the bridge for seeing black people as unequal and for sufficiently justifying inferior treatment. Discrimination then results when that prejudgment is acted upon either actively or passively, and sometimes without direct intent to do harm. It is this judgment that causes black people in Canada to be victims of discrimination. When a person is discriminated against whether it is because of race, gender, ethnicity, religion, or you name it, the harm has negative impacts on the quality of life and life choices of the person being discriminated against.
Thus for, I have touched on race, racism, prejudice, discrimination and white privilege. White privilege is fourth point I want to draw your attention. White privilege is the unearned racial advantages that whites as a group and as individuals have that result in disadvantaging blacks as a group and as individuals --- oppression. This is not to be confused with earned privileges, such as formal education. In Canadian society white privileges are more about attitudes and informal practices of whites, other non-black ethnic groups, and blacks that put blacks at a disadvantaged..
Hayden. Racism & White Privilege, p. 4 of 6 White privilege is locked into the norms of our community culture. People on both sides of the race line have come to accept incidents as just part of getting along. White privilege is often hard to describe, but once you identify it you know what it is or was.
Most of us can identify white privilege at institutional and macro levels. Let me give you a few examples: Bay Street; our legal system, especially, who are lawyers and judges; MPPs and MPs; Canadian major corporations and large businesses, especially boards of trustees; our large and powerful labour unions, especially in leadership positions; teachers in our public and Catholic school systems; need I go on. The common occurrence in all of these and other sectors are the very few black faces. Regardless, of the many legitimate reasons and rationales for each case one may cite, one factor that rings out is having white skin has something to do with it. With white skin come privileges that few blacks can acquire.
The Worst White Person In The Neighbourhood.
That is what I mean by white privilege. I am certain in Canada I would win. But there would be a number of votes for the worst white guy. How do you explain it? White privilege!
This example moves to the most resistance form of white privilege: within the individual. All the societal institutions and businesses I just identified have taken an oficial stance against racism, discrimination and prejudice. But there remains an absence or very few black people. Here is how white privilege at the individual levels work with the institutions and businesses. The individual(s) who hire, appoint or select a person for a position for the most, will be white. Often it is the case, when a choice is to be made, the person selected will be much like the person(s) during the selection. There is an abundance of research that indicates that race matters and white privilege is one of the underlining factors.
There is more that can be said, but I need to bring my talk to a close, with a few challenges.
1) Whatever you are currently doing to end racism, prejudice and white privilege, keep doing them.
Hayden. Racism & White Privilege, p. 5 of 6 2) Look for ways for you to increase your contact with black people. 3) Educate yourself about how black people see the concerns opportunities and quality of life. 4) Read and really listen as to what black people are writing and saying. 5) Look around at members of Hamilton First Church and seek out opportunities for you within the congregation to examine and do the necessary work with each other to address racism, prejudice and white privilege. Just talking with each other is an important step. 6) Step forward with your relatives, your close friends, and people with whom you work. Let them know that you disagree when a racists comment or a clear instance of white privilege has occurred. You need to pick and chose your battles. Understand me, some battles are not worth the fight. My point is that the line now is not necessary the institutions and , but on the personal level. White people need to confront each other. It does more good for you to speak to your relatives, friends and co-workers a bout their behaviour and attitudes. As the civil rights turned to the black struggle, we asked many whites that were on the protest lines and the freedom buses, that were victims of violence on our behalf... we asked them to leave the black community as we needed to develop our own identity in absence of whites. They were offended and took it as rejection. If a fourth of them had gone back home and spoke of their experiences while changing the racism and prejudices of their parents, their siblings, their uncles and aunts, and their closest of friends, I believe in 2009, we would have gone a lot further in addressing racism, racial prejudice and white privilege than we have gone. If you as Unitarians take my challenge, I know Canada will move faster and further in Respecting the inherent worth and dignity of black Canadians; Ensuring that justice, equity, and compassion is real for black Canadians; Reaching the goal of world community with peace, liberty, and justice for all; Thank you for inviting me and I look forward to your comments after service.
Hayden. Racism & White Privilege, p. 6 of 6
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May 17, 2009 - Reitz of the University of Toronto and Rupa Banerjee of Ryerson University. The study. "...provides disquieting ... developed by California Newsreel, in association with the Association of American Colleges and. Universities ...
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We will remain united in the struggle for the liberation and emancipation of the economic and political slavery that we are experiencing within our Organizations of higher learning, and as the working class of this, our great Republic. In going forwa
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I gather from the two letters responding to the story by Le Ly Hayslip (with Jay Wurts, "The Other Side," Feb. 5) that a country may be able to recall its men from the battlefield but it cannot recall their minds. I trust the day will come when all people will realize the real enemy is war and that all people are its casualties. Until then, however, keep reporting the other side, without apologies.


DALLAS, June 26, 2017 - Among African Americans, small health improvements were associated with lower risk of developing high blood pressure, according to new research in the American Heart Association's journal Hypertension. African Americans who had at least two modifiable healthy behaviors at the beginning of the study, compared to those with one or none, researchers found the risk of high blood pressure at follow-up was reduced by 20 percent.
The Life's Simple 7 was developed by the American Heart Association to monitor cardiovascular health in US adults and to help demonstrate that small changes can lead to a big impact in improving heart health. The Life's Simple 7 includes: not smoking; maintaining a healthy weight; eating healthy; being physically active; maintaining healthy blood sugar levels; controlling cholesterol levels and managing blood pressure to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Compared with whites, African Americans have a greater risk for developing high blood pressure.4 According to the American Heart Association, currently one out of three adults in America has high blood pressure. Among non-Hispanic blacks, 45 percent of men and nearly half (46.3 percent) of women have high blood pressure.
"The Life's Simple 7, an approach used by the American Heart Association to monitor cardiovascular health, can also be used to monitor high blood pressure risk in African Americans, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease," said John N. Booth, III, MS, lead study author and PhD student in the Department of Epidemiology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. "We found that even small improvements in cardiovascular health can reduce risk for developing high blood pressure."
Booth said that more research is needed to better understand why African Americans remain a population particularly vulnerable to high blood pressure, but that the Life's Simple 7 program offers an opportunity to intervene and reduce their risk for additional heart health complications.


When the National Labor Relations Board implemented its new union election rule in April of this year, the prediction was that the new procedure would shorten the time between the date of the filing of the election petition and the date of the election, something which labor unions and their supporters favored but which the business community opposed. Those who opposed it referred to it as the "ambush" election rule. Well, the prediction was correct. In a recent newsletter, "Democracy at Work," Region 9 of the NLRB reported that from October 2014 through April 2015, the median number of days between the filing of the petition and the date of the election was 41 days, while between May 2015 and early September 2015, after the new rule went into effect, the number had dropped to 24.5 days. This is more than two full workweeks less for unions and employers to campaign, which gives unions an advantage, since they have been actively organizing employees—often without the employer's knowledge–since well before the election petition is filed. Experts who have studied union elections report that the outcome is usually determined by the one-third of employees who are undecided at the outset. Twenty four days is not much time to educate employees about all of the issues in a campaign, some of which are common to all campaigns and some of which are specific to each campaign. The reduced time available to campaign means that non-union employers will need to be more proactive in their efforts to remain non-union and not wait until a campaign gets started, when it could be too late.
Categories: Employment Law, Labor Law | Tags: labor unions, National Labor Relations Board, NLRB, union elections | Permalink.


The 17th March marks St Patricks Day each year to commemorate the Patron St of Ireland who apparently banished all of the snakes form the Emerald Isle (although it is highly contested there were no snakes there to begin with).
The celebrations are held throughout the world with parades and events which see party-goers adorning novelty Irish hats, glasses and of course, drinking pints and pints of Guinness. The largest St Patricks Day parade in the world is held in New York with this year set to see 200,000 people marching up 5th Avenue with millions more spectating.
But those looking to take part in the St Patricks Day tradition of drinking Guinness may be in for a treat as laws which would usually breach the 'quality of life' violations such as drinking in public places and urinating in the street will no longer result in arrest but will only be issued with a summons.
The plans came into power on the 7th March, just 10 days before the yearly St Patricks Day festivities. The District Attorney's offices said it will allow '"the NYPD to devote its resources to investigating serious crimes, while further reducing the backlog of cases in criminal court".
Those looking to enjoy Guinness on the street will not be arrested.
New York City mayor Bill de Blasio called the plan "an intuitive and modern solution" that would "help safely prevent unnecessary jail time for low-level offenses".
Whilst this new leniency seems a blessing for St Patricks Day revellers, the state has imposed another ruling which may dampen their spirits. An alcohol ban has been introduced on the city's Long Island and Upstate (Metro-North) rail lines for the festival. The only other days these lines are alcohol-free are New Year's Eve and during the Santa-con bar crawl. Drinkers however, will not be arrested but simply have the alcohol confiscated.
What do you think of the law being changed just in time for St Patricks Day parade in New York? Let us know here.


Goad - 2007 - "In the House of the Dark Shining Dreams"
Prolusion. GOAD, from Italy, are in the running already for 25 years. According to the press kit, apart from a few tribute albums they have seven original studio releases to their credit, of which I've only heard two, "In the House of the Dark Shining Dreams" (the recording under review) and "The Wood", which was released only some ten months ago.
Analysis. As usual, Maurilio Rossi's keyboards include such vintage brand models as Hammond, Moog, Mellotron and Fender Rhodes, and it's still Rossi who penned all the music and lyrics for this, Goad's new album too. In sound, however, there is a considerable difference between it and its predecessor. This is not to say that the band's style as such has undergone major changes, but the music has become overall both much harder and darker. Gone are the elements of Jazz-Fusion, the quantity of episodes with many acoustic instruments at the fore has strongly diminished, and lastly the Genesis influence has in most cases given way to that of Van Der Graaf Generator (VDGG from now on) - although taken as a whole, this album appears to be noticeably more original than "The Wood". The first track and, at the same time, the only instrumental here, Intro, is a sketch which just perfectly reproduces the contrast between a serene and a threatening atmosphere, the former being represented by the flute and violin, and the latter by the guitar riffs, at times alongside the sounds of natural phenomena, such as thunder etc, as if preparing the listener for most of the subsequent events, where the fragility and the hardness often adjoin each other. The labyrinthine Yet Another Battlefield, which follows Intro, is probably the most diverse track here, but its emotional palette is much richer in sombre than in pastoral colors, even the classical-like church organ postlude sounding menacing. At the same time however, the music remains within the bounds of Symphonic Prog Rock even when at seems the hard guitar riffs are about to gain the upper hand over the other textures. The VDGG influence is potent, even though for the most part (minus some organ patterns, to be precise), it reveals itself only so to say aurally - in a general way, whilst Rossi's vocals are almost original here, as well as everywhere on this CD. Indeed, he has stopped imitating Peter Gabriel, and it's only due to his (at once theatrical and somewhat hysterical) way of singing that the names of both the former Genesis frontman and Peter Hammill from time to time come to mind, though those familiar with Slovenian band Devil Doll may also be reminded of Mr. Doctor's intonations. Springy, in turn, begins as Classical music, with lush orchestral arrangements covering Richard Wagner's Intro - Sigfried Death, otherwise developing much in the same vein as the previously examined composition. Stylistically, Dark Virgin and Olympia both should be taken as near relations of the said two, although these are somewhat poorer thematically. Nonetheless both are good in their own way, especially the former, which is designed in a really unique way: while being abundant in string pads, it has surprisingly a theatrical feeling - on all levels, throughout (not in the word's figurative meaning). What's perhaps even more curious is that Clapper's Beating Fast, As Nothing Has Changed and Steep Path, all contain some typically hard rock movements with no keyboards involved, but never sound as heavy as the pieces belonging exclusively to Symphonic Progressive, despite all their, well, said peculiarities. Dark Virgin-II and It's Always the Same Thing are both nearly as wonderful as Yet Another Battlefield and Springy. The music is very dark, perhaps even sinister, bringing to mind the thought that it's theatric symphonic Doom Metal, with some hints of both VDGG and Devil Doll, but without that exceptional intricacy which is typical of both those ensembles. As to the covers of King Crimson and VDGG's songs, 21st Century Man and Killer respectively, I find their inclusion in the disc to be unnecessary, to say the least, especially since the album as such is already very long by itself, lasting for more than an hour. Finally, I'd like to note that the drummer, still the same Paolo Carniani, is much more disciplined here, compared to his work in "The Wood", where he showed himself as a really mighty woodcutter.
Conclusion. While not without some flaws (many of which, though, can be written off considering the band's bravery when experimenting with new styles), this latest studio effort from Goad might please their old afficionados and get new fans for them as well.


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Patience is a virture, or so the saying goes. My name, however, is not patience.
I just talked to the surgeon's office today. They have not received the psychiatrists recommendation yet. They said it could take a week for the psych to send it over. Once they have that, they submit to my insurance company. That approval could take anohter week or so.
So, now I wait. I am not good at waiting.
Now for a nonsequitor of sorts.
Become King of the lake.
Have an underwater tea party.
Wear a soft cheese moustache.
This list cracks me up. It doesn't take much to crack me up these days. I lost my mind booking roundtrips to Chicago years ago. It does my heart good though to see someone in this industry has a clever sense of humor, unless of course those are serious suggestions. In that case, I'm a little bit scared that they have allowed a complete lunatic to create their train schedule search engine.
In the Rail Europe tradtion of spontaneous silliness, I have been trying to come up with a list of useful (or not) things I could do while I wait for the approval from my insurance company to schedule my surgery. Something other than stare at phone like a jilted teenager until the surgeon's office calls.
Pick lint off my pjs.
Wiggle my toes at the neighbors.
See how long I can stand at attention.
Count how many times in a day I can use the word canoodle.
Read the "Odyssey" by Homer.
Re-enact scenes from the Wizard of Oz.
Write a four chord song.
And last but not least…drink wine.
And that's as far as I got. I think I could use some more suggestions if you have any.
This entry was posted in diet, fat, gastric by-pass, skinny, Uncategorized and tagged attendre, diet, faire attendre, fat, four chord song, skinny, skinny girl, things to do, waiting, weight loss, weightloss. Bookmark the permalink.
You inspired me to clean out my closet. I have a giant bag of things for Goodwill now. It's an ongoing process, too, so there might be more.
Does John Cleese work for Rail Europe?
My wife had a Vertical Gastrectomy almost 2 years ago and it has made all the difference in the world in her health and mental outlook. The Insurance companies are notoriously slow, cheap and difficult to deal with. You are not alone in this issue.
Good luck to you with your surgery.


text:
__author__ = 'fahadadeel'
import jpype

class ConvertingToHtml:

    def __init__(self, dataDir):
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        self.SaveFormat=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.SaveFormat")
        self.HtmlOptions=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.HtmlOptions")
        self.HtmlFormatter=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.HtmlFormatter")

    def main(self):

        self.convert_to_html()

    def convert_to_html(self):

        # Instantiate a Presentation object that represents a PPTX file
        pres=self.Presentation
        pres = pres(self.dataDir + "Aspose.pptx")

        html_opt = self.HtmlOptions()
        html_formatter = self.HtmlFormatter
        html_opt.setHtmlFormatter(html_formatter.createDocumentFormatter("",False))

        # Saving the presentation to HTML format
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "Aspose.html", save_format.Html, html_opt)

        print "Document has been converted, please check the output file."

class ConvertingToNotes:

    def __init__(self, dataDir):
        print "init func"
        self.dataDir = dataDir
        self.Presentation=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.Presentation")
        self.SaveFormat=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.SaveFormat")

    def main(self):
        # Converting Presentation to TIFF Notes
        self.convert_to_tiff_notes()

        # Converting Presentation to TIFF Notes
        self.convert_to_pdf_notes()

    def convert_to_tiff_notes(self):

        # Instantiate a Presentation object that represents a PPTX file
        pres=self.Presentation
        pres = pres(self.dataDir + "Aspose.pptx")

        # Saving the presentation
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "Notes.tiff", save_format.TiffNotes)

        print "Document has been converted, please check the output file."

    def convert_to_pdf_notes(self):

        # Instantiate a Presentation object that represents a PPTX file
        pres = self.Presentation
        pres = pres(self.dataDir + "Aspose.pptx")

        # Saving the presentation
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "Notes.pdf", save_format.pdf)

        print "Document has been converted, please check the output file."

class ConvertingToslides:

    def __init__(self, dataDir):
        print "init func"
        self.dataDir = dataDir
        self.Presentation=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.Presentation")
        self.SaveFormat=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.SaveFormat")

    def main(self):

        # Instantiate a Presentation object that represents a PPTX file
        pres = self.presentation()
        pres = pres(self.dataDir + "Aspose.pptx")

        # Saving the PPTX presentation to slides format
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "Aspose.slides", save_format.slides)

        print "Document has been converted, please check the output file."

class ConvertingToTiff:

    def __init__(self, dataDir):
        print "init func"
        self.dataDir = dataDir
        self.Presentation=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.Presentation")
        self.SaveFormat=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.SaveFormat")
        self.TiffOptions=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.TiffOptions")
        self.TiffCompressionTypes=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.TiffCompressionTypes")
        self.Dimension=jpype.JClass("java.awt.Dimension")

    def main(self):

        # Converting Presentation to TIFF with default size
        self.convert_with_default_size()

        # Converting Presentation to TIFF with custom size
        self.convert_with_custom_size()

    def convert_with_default_size(self):

        pres = self.Presentation
        pres = pres(self.dataDir + "Aspose.pptx")

        # Saving the PPTX presentation to Tiff format
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "Aspose.tiff", save_format.Tiff)

        print "Document has been converted, please check the output file."

    def convert_with_custom_size(self):

        # Instantiate a Presentation object that represents a PPTX file
        pres= self.Presentation
        pres = pres(self.dataDir + "Aspose.pptx")

        # Instantiate the TiffOptions class
        opts = self.TiffOptions()

        # Setting compression type
        tiff_compression_types = self.TiffCompressionTypes
        opts.setCompressionType (tiff_compression_types.Default)

        #Setting image DPI
        opts.setDpiX(200)
        opts.setDpiY(100)

        # Set Image Size
        opts.setImageSize(self.Dimension(1728, 1078))

        # Save the presentation to TIFF with specified image size
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "Aspose-Custom-Size.tiff", save_format.Tiff,opts)

        print "Document has been converted, please check the output file."

class ConvertingToXps:

    def __init__(self, dataDir):
        print "init func"
        self.dataDir = dataDir
        self.Presentation=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.Presentation")
        self.SaveFormat=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.SaveFormat")
        self.XpsOptions=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.XpsOptions")

    def main(self):

        # Converting Presentation to TIFF with default size
        self.convert_with_default_size()

        # Converting Presentation to TIFF with custom size
        self.convert_with_custom_size()

    def convert_with_default_size(self):

        # Instantiate a Presentation object that represents a PPTX file
        pres=self.Presentation
        pres = pres(self.dataDir + "Aspose.pptx")

        # Saving the presentation to XPS format
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "Aspose.xps", save_format.Xps)

        print "Document has been converted, please check the output file."

    def convert_with_custom_size(self):

        # Instantiate a Presentation object that represents a PPTX file
        pres = self.Presentation(self.dataDir + "Aspose.pptx")

        # Instantiate the TiffOptions class
        opts = self.XpsOptions()

        # Save MetaFiles as PNG
        opts.SaveMetafilesAsPng = True

        # Save the presentation to TIFF with specified image size
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "Aspose-Custom-Size.xps", save_format.Xps, opts)

        print "Document has been converted, please check the output file."

class OdpToPptx:

     def __init__(self, dataDir):
        print "init func"
        self.dataDir = dataDir
        self.Presentation=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.Presentation")
        self.SaveFormat=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.SaveFormat")

     def main(self):

        pres= self.Presentation
        pres = pres(self.dataDir + "Source.odp")

        # Saving the PPTX presentation to PPTX format
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "Source.pptx", save_format.Pptx)

        print "Document has been converted, please check the output file."

class PptToPptx:

     def __init__(self, dataDir):
        print "init func"
        self.dataDir = dataDir
        self.Presentation=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.Presentation")
        self.SaveFormat=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.SaveFormat")

     def main(self):

         # Instantiate a Presentation object that represents a PPTX file
        pres= self.Presentation
        pres = pres(self.dataDir + "Presentation1.pptx")

        # Saving the PPTX presentation to PPTX format
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "Aspose.pptx", save_format.Pptx)

        print "Document has been converted, please check the output file."

class Properties:

      def __init__(self, dataDir):
        print "init func"
        self.dataDir = dataDir
        self.Presentation=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.Presentation")
        self.SaveFormat=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.SaveFormat")

      def main(self):
        self.get_properties()

        # Modifying Built-in Properties
        self.update_properties()

        # Adding Custom Document Properties
        self.add_custom_properties()

        # Removing Document Properties
        self.remove_property()

      def get_properties(self):

          # Instantiate the Presentation class that represents the presentation
        pres = self.Presentation
        pres = pres(self.dataDir + "HelloWorld.pptx")

        # Create a reference to IDocumentProperties object associated with Presentation
        dp = pres.getDocumentProperties()

        # Display the builtin properties
        print "Category : " + dp.getCategory()
        print "Current Status : " + dp.getContentStatus()
        print "Creation Date : "
        print dp.getCreatedTime()
        print "Author : " + dp.getAuthor()
        print "Description : " + dp.getComments()
        print "KeyWords : " + dp.getKeywords()
        print "Last Modified By : " + dp.getLastSavedBy()
        print "Supervisor : " + dp.getManager()
        print "Modified Date : "
        print dp.getLastSavedTime()
        #print "Presentation Format : " + dp.getPresentationFormat()
        print "Last Print Date : "
        print dp.getLastPrinted()
        print "Is Shared between producers : "
        print dp.getSharedDoc()
        print "Subject : " + dp.getSubject()
        print "Title : " + dp.getTitle()

      def update_properties(self):

          # Instantiate the Presentation class that represents the presentation
        pres = self.Presentation(self.dataDir + "HelloWorld.pptx")

        # Create a reference to IDocumentProperties object associated with Presentation
        dp = pres.getDocumentProperties()

        # Set the builtin properties
        dp.setAuthor ("Aspose.Slides for Java")
        dp.setTitle ("Modifying Presentation Properties")
        dp.setSubject ( "Aspose Subject")
        dp.setComments ( "Aspose Description")
        dp.setManager ( "Aspose Manager")

        # Save your presentation to a file
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "DocProps.pptx", save_format.Pptx)

        print "Properties have been updated, Please check output file."

      def add_custom_properties(self):

          # Instantiate the Presentation class that represents the presentation
        pres = self.Presentation(self.dataDir + "HelloWorld.pptx")

        # Getting Document Properties
        dp = pres.getDocumentProperties()

        # Adding Custom properties
        dp.set_Item("self.Custom" , 12)
        dp.set_Item("My Name","Mudassir")
        dp.set_Item("Custom", 124)

        # Saving presentation
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "CustomDemo.pptx", save_format.Pptx)

        print "Added custom properties, please check output file."

      def remove_property(self):

        # Instantiate the Presentation class that represents the presentation
        pres = self.Presentation(self.dataDir + "HelloWorld.pptx")

        # Getting Document Properties
        dp = pres.getDocumentProperties()

        # Getting property name at particular index
        property_name = dp.getPropertyName(1)

        # Removing selected property
        dp.remove(property_name)

        # Saving presentation
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "RemoveDP.pptx", save_format.Pptx)

        print "Remove document property, please check output file."

class Zoom:

      def __init__(self, dataDir):
        print "init func"
        self.dataDir = dataDir
        self.Presentation=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.Presentation")
        self.SaveFormat=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.SaveFormat")

      def main(self):

        pres = self.Presentation()

        pres.getViewProperties().getNotesViewProperties().setScale(50)

        # Save the presentation as a PPTX file
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "Zoom.pptx", save_format.Pptx)

        print "Set zoom value, please check the output file."

class ConvertingToPdf:

    def __init__(self, dataDir):
        print "init func"
        self.dataDir = dataDir
        self.Presentation=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.Presentation")
        self.SaveFormat=jpype.JClass("com.aspose.slides.SaveFormat")

    def main(self):

        # Instantiate a Presentation object that represents a PPTX file
        pres = self.Presentation(self.dataDir + "Aspose.pptx")

        # Saving the PPTX presentation to Pdf format
        save_format = self.SaveFormat
        pres.save(self.dataDir + "Aspose.pdf", save_format.Pdf)

        print "Document has been converted, please check the output file."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
NTP                                        STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY TUMORS                              REPORT: PEIRPT08
LAB: Battelle Columbus                       WATER DISINFECTION MODEL (BROMODICHLOROMETHANE)                   DATE: 06/11/04
TEST TYPE:  SUBCHRON 26-WEEK                    CAGES FROM 0000 TO LAST CAGE                                   PAGE:       1
CONT: N01-ES-65406                              ROUTE: GAVAGE                                                  NTP C#: 97013G
PATHOLOGIST: MISSING                                                                                CAS: 75-27-4
FINAL#1 MICE
TREATMENT GROUPS:       INCLUDE 001    0 MG/KG
INCLUDE 002    0 MG/KG
INCLUDE 003    25 MG/KG
INCLUDE 007    100     MG/KG
TEST TYPE:  SUBCHRON 26-WEEK                    CAGES FROM 0000 TO LAST CAGE
Mice(TG.AC HETEROZYGOUS TRANSGENIC)
FOR ALL DOSES THE TUMOR RATES IN THE FOLLOWING TISSUES/ORGANS ARE
BASED ON NUMBER OF TISSUES EXAMINED.  IN OTHER TISSUES/ORGANS RATES
ARE BASED ON THE NUMBER OF ANIMALS NECROPSIED.
Salivary Glands
SUMMARY OF STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT (P<=.05) RESULTS
IN THE ANALYSIS OF     WATER DISINFECTION MODEL (BROMODICHLOR
Male Mice
Organ                                 Morphology
-----                                 ----------
Skin                                   Squamous Cell Papilloma
Stomach, Forestomach                   Squamous Cell Papilloma
All Organs                             Benign Tumors
Malignant and Benign Tumors
Female Mice
Organ                                  Morphology
-----                                  ----------
Tooth                                  Odontogenic Tumor
Date:  06/11/04                           EXPERIMENT: 97013 TEST: 08                                            Page 1
Statistical Analysis of Primary Tumors in Mice(TG.AC HETEROZYGOUS TRANSGENIC)        -      WATER DISINFECTION MODEL (BROMODICHLOR
Terminal Sacrifice at 26 weeks
|=================================================================================================================================|
|                   |                                                        |                                                    |
|                   |                              Males                     |                       Females                      |
|Dose               |     0 MG/KG      25 MG/KG     50 MG/KG     100         |0 MG/KG      25 MG/KG     50 MG/KG     100          |
|                   |                                            MG/KG       |                                       MG/KG        |
|                                                                                |
|Skin                                                                                |
|     Squamous Cell Papilloma                                                                                |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|TUMOR RATES        |     #            #            #            #           |#            #            #            #            |
|-----------        |                                                        |                                                    |
|OVERALL (a)        |     1/15 (7%)    1/15 (7%)    0/15 (0%)    5/15 (33%)  |1/15 (7%)    3/15 (20%)   5/15 (33%)   2/15 (13%)   |
|POLY-3 RATE (b)    |     1/13.17      1/14.49      0/12.95      5/15.00     |1/13.13      3/14.48      5/14.18      2/13.35      |
|POLY-3 PERCENT (g) |     7.6%         6.9%         0.0%         33.3%       |7.6%         20.7%        35.3%        15.0%        |
|TERMINAL (d)       |     1/13 (8%)    1/14 (7%)    0/12 (0%)    5/15 (33%)  |1/11 (9%)    3/14 (21%)   4/13 (31%)   2/13 (15%)   |
|FIRST INCIDENCE    |     182 (T)      182 (T)      ---          182 (T)     |183 (T)      183 (T)      126          183 (T)      |
|-------------------|                                                        |                                                    |
|STATISTICAL TESTS  |                                                        |                                                    |
|LIFE TABLE         |     P=0.027 *    P=0.748N     P=0.516N     P=0.122     |P=0.480      P=0.390      P=0.126      P=0.560      |
|POLY 3             |     P=0.015 *    P=0.739N     P=0.503N     P=0.112     |P=0.428      P=0.334      P=0.095      P=0.506      |
|POLY 1.5           |     P=0.015 *    P=0.742N     P=0.498N     P=0.105     |P=0.423      P=0.326      P=0.091      P=0.501      |
|LOGISTIC REGRESSION|     P=0.027 *    P=0.748N     (e)          P=0.122     |P=0.425      P=0.390      P=0.087      P=0.560      |
|COCH-ARM / FISHERS |     P=0.018 *    P=0.759N     P=0.500N     P=0.084     |P=0.433      P=0.299      P=0.084      P=0.500      |
|ORDER RESTRICTED   |     P=0.011 *    (e)          (e)          (e)         |P=0.205      (e)          (e)          (e)          |
|Stomach, Forestomach                                                                                |
|OVERALL (a)        |     9/15 (60%)   5/15 (33%)   11/15 (73%)  12/15 (80%) |6/15 (40%)   8/15 (53%)   10/15 (67%)  11/15 (73%)  |
|POLY-3 RATE (b)    |     9/13.17      5/15.00      11/13.48     12/15.00    |6/13.47      8/14.48      10/13.51     11/13.35     |
|POLY-3 PERCENT (g) |     68.4%        33.3%        81.6%        80.0%       |44.6%        55.3%        74.0%        82.4%        |
|TERMINAL (d)       |     9/13 (69%)   4/14 (29%)   10/12 (83%)  12/15 (80%) |5/11 (46%)   8/14 (57%)   10/13 (77%)  11/13 (85%)  |
|FIRST INCIDENCE    |     182 (T)      143          142          182 (T)     |160          183 (T)      183 (T)      183 (T)      |
|LIFE TABLE         |     P=0.117      P=0.104N     P=0.231      P=0.415     |P=0.062      P=0.582      P=0.247      P=0.145      |
|POLY 3             |     P=0.057      P=0.065N     P=0.365      P=0.394     |P=0.020 *    P=0.427      P=0.115      P=0.041 *    |
|POLY 1.5           |     P=0.055      P=0.075N     P=0.388      P=0.353     |P=0.024 *    P=0.417      P=0.127      P=0.045 *    |
|LOGISTIC REGRESSION|     P=0.083      P=0.090N     P=0.288      P=0.415     |P=0.030 *    P=0.471      P=0.140      P=0.064      |
|COCH-ARM / FISHERS |     P=0.048 *    P=0.136N     P=0.350      P=0.213     |P=0.042 *    P=0.358      P=0.136      P=0.070      |
|ORDER RESTRICTED   |     P=0.047 *    (e)          (e)          (e)         |P=0.025 *    (e)          (e)          (e)          |
Statistical Analysis of Primary Tumors in Mice(TG.AC HETEROZYGOUS TRANSGENIC)       -      WATER DISINFECTION MODEL (BROMODICHLOR
|Tooth                                                                                |
|     Odontogenic Tumor                                                                                |
|OVERALL (a)        |     2/15 (13%)   2/15 (13%)   3/15 (20%)   2/15 (13%)  |4/15 (27%)   0/15 (0%)    3/15 (20%)   2/15 (13%)   |
|POLY-3 PERCENT (g) |     15.2%        13.3%        20.0%        13.3%       |29.9%        0.0%         22.2%        14.3%        |
|TERMINAL (d)       |     2/13 (15%)   1/14 (7%)    0/12 (0%)    2/15 (13%)  |3/11 (27%)   0/14 (0%)    3/13 (23%)   1/13 (8%)    |
|FIRST INCIDENCE    |     182 (T)      143          113          182 (T)     |168          ---          183 (T)      127          |
|LIFE TABLE         |     P=0.563N     P=0.663N     P=0.511      P=0.648N    |P=0.393N     P=0.037N*    P=0.410N     P=0.278N     |
|POLY 3             |     P=0.573N     P=0.650N     P=0.562      P=0.650N    |P=0.435N     P=0.035N*    P=0.493N     P=0.302N     |
|POLY 1.5           |     P=0.581N     P=0.660N     P=0.550      P=0.660N    |P=0.438N     P=0.037N*    P=0.489N     P=0.313N     |
|LOGISTIC REGRESSION|     P=0.407      P=0.704      P=0.443      P=0.648N    |P=0.430N     P=0.044N*    P=0.477N     P=0.324N     |
|COCH-ARM / FISHERS |     P=0.573      P=0.701N     P=0.500      P=0.701N    |P=0.427N     P=0.050N     P=0.500N     P=0.326N     |
|ORDER RESTRICTED   |     P=0.649N     (e)          (e)          (e)         |P=0.153N     (e)          (e)          (e)          |
|All Organs                                                                                |
|     Leukemia: Erythrocytic                                                                                |
|OVERALL (a)        |     1/15 (7%)    0/15 (0%)    0/15 (0%)    1/15 (7%)   |2/15 (13%)   2/15 (13%)   1/15 (7%)    0/15 (0%)    |
|POLY-3 PERCENT (g) |     7.1%         0.0%         0.0%         6.7%        |14.9%        13.3%        7.1%         0.0%         |
|TERMINAL (d)       |     0/13 (0%)    0/14 (0%)    0/12 (0%)    1/15 (7%)   |1/11 (9%)    1/14 (7%)    0/13 (0%)    0/13 (0%)    |
|FIRST INCIDENCE    |     98           ---          ---          182 (T)     |160          143          126          ---          |
|LIFE TABLE         |     P=0.611      P=0.486N     P=0.486N     P=0.737N    |P=0.126N     P=0.644N     P=0.489N     P=0.229N     |
|POLY 3             |     P=0.599      P=0.493N     P=0.516N     P=0.745N    |P=0.125N     P=0.659N     P=0.482N     P=0.232N     |
|POLY 1.5           |     P=0.598      P=0.492N     P=0.506N     P=0.747N    |P=0.124N     P=0.668N     P=0.484N     P=0.233N     |
|LOGISTIC REGRESSION|     P=0.427      P=0.828N     P=0.689N     P=0.642     |P=0.110N     P=0.667      P=0.536N     P=0.232N     |
|COCH-ARM / FISHERS |     P=0.596      P=0.500N     P=0.500N     P=0.759N    |P=0.118N     P=0.701N     P=0.500N     P=0.241N     |
|     Benign Tumors                                                                                |
|FIRST INCIDENCE    |     182 (T)      143          142          182 (T)     |160          183 (T)      126          183 (T)      |
|POLY 3             |     P=0.018 *    P=0.065N     P=0.365      P=0.238     |P=0.011 *    P=0.437      P=0.065      P=0.029 *    |
|POLY 1.5           |     P=0.017 *    P=0.075N     P=0.388      P=0.202     |P=0.014 *    P=0.425      P=0.065      P=0.034 *    |
|LOGISTIC REGRESSION|     P=0.035 *    P=0.090N     P=0.288      P=0.259     |P=0.016 *    P=0.497      P=0.064      P=0.053      |
|     Malignant Tumors                                                                                |
|OVERALL (a)        |     2/15 (13%)   1/15 (7%)    0/15 (0%)    1/15 (7%)   |3/15 (20%)   2/15 (13%)   1/15 (7%)    1/15 (7%)    |
|POLY-3 PERCENT (g) |     14.3%        6.7%         0.0%         6.7%        |22.3%        13.3%        7.1%         7.5%         |
|TERMINAL (d)       |     1/13 (8%)    0/14 (0%)    0/12 (0%)    1/15 (7%)   |2/11 (18%)   1/14 (7%)    0/13 (0%)    1/13 (8%)    |
|FIRST INCIDENCE    |     98           143          ---          182 (T)     |160          143          126          183 (T)      |
|LIFE TABLE         |     P=0.343N     P=0.467N     P=0.241N     P=0.459N    |P=0.189N     P=0.428N     P=0.284N     P=0.265N     |
|POLY 3             |     P=0.372N     P=0.476N     P=0.249N     P=0.476N    |P=0.202N     P=0.449N     P=0.278N     P=0.300N     |
|POLY 1.5           |     P=0.369N     P=0.478N     P=0.238N     P=0.478N    |P=0.200N     P=0.461N     P=0.281N     P=0.300N     |
|LOGISTIC REGRESSION|     P=0.510N     P=0.701N     P=0.267N     P=0.642N    |P=0.181N     P=0.535N     P=0.312N     P=0.293N     |
|COCH-ARM / FISHERS |     P=0.363N     P=0.500N     P=0.241N     P=0.500N    |P=0.188N     P=0.500N     P=0.299N     P=0.299N     |
|     Malignant and Benign Tumors                                                                                |
|OVERALL (a)        |     11/15 (73%)  6/15 (40%)   13/15 (87%)  14/15 (93%) |10/15 (67%)  10/15 (67%)  12/15 (80%)  13/15 (87%)  |
|POLY-3 RATE (b)    |     11/14.01     6/15.00      13/15.00     14/15.00    |10/13.69     10/15.00     12/14.18     13/14.01     |
|TERMINAL (d)       |     10/13 (77%)  5/14 (36%)   10/12 (83%)  14/15 (93%) |8/11 (73%)   9/14 (64%)   11/13 (85%)  12/13 (92%)  |
|FIRST INCIDENCE    |     98           143          113          182 (T)     |160          143          126          127          |
|LIFE TABLE         |     P=0.115      P=0.059N     P=0.284      P=0.453     |P=0.219      P=0.347N     P=0.587      P=0.448      |
|POLY 3             |     P=0.023 *    P=0.035N*    P=0.465      P=0.271     |P=0.075      P=0.514N     P=0.388      P=0.185      |
|POLY 1.5           |     P=0.022 *    P=0.038N*    P=0.450      P=0.256     |P=0.076      P=0.541N     P=0.390      P=0.173      |
|LOGISTIC REGRESSION|     P=0.025 *    P=0.057N     P=0.343      P=0.275     |P=0.072      P=0.559N     P=0.357      P=0.159      |
|COCH-ARM / FISHERS |     P=0.024 *    P=0.070N     P=0.326      P=0.165     |P=0.104      P=0.650N     P=0.341      P=0.195      |
(a)  Number of tumor-bearing animals /  number of animals examined at site.
(b)  Number of tumor-bearing animals / Poly-3 number
(d)  Observed incidence at terminal kill.
(f)  Beneath the control incidence are the P-values associated with the trend
test.  Beneath the dosed group incidence are the P-values corresponding to
pairwise comparisons between the controls and that dosed group.  The life
table analysis regards tumors in animals dying prior to  terminal kill as
being (directly or indirectly) the cause of death.
Logistic regression is an alternative
method for analyzing the incidence of non-fatal tumors. The Cochran-Armitage
and Fishers exact tests compare directly the overall incidence rates
For all tests a negative trend is indicated by N
(e)  Value of Statistic cannot be computed.
(g)  Poly-3 adjusted lifetime tumor incidence.
(I)  Interim sacrifice
(T)  Terminal sacrifice
#   Tumor rates based on number of animals necropsied.
*   To the right of any statistical result, indicates significance at (P<=0.05).
**  To the right of any statistical result, indicates significance at (P<=0.01).


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Q: Ubuntu 17.10 touchpad not precise in small movements My mouse works good with the Default acceleration profile. My touchpad instead when starting a movement goes on a perfectly straight line for a bit, then becomes precise again. For example if I draw a little circle on the touchpad, the cursor moves along a square.

A: I had a similar problem on my Lenovo Y700 touchpad using Linux Mint. When I drew a circle on a touchpad my pointer moved along a rounded square. Turning off noise cancellation solved the issue.
xinput set-prop "Device ID" "Synaptics Noise Cancellation" 0 0

You can get ID of your touchpad with:
xinput list

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