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2021 Annual Meeting Wrap-Up
Home/2021 Annual Meeting Wrap-Up
2021 Annual Meeting Wrap-UpDuffy Austin2021-10-19T15:26:03-05:00
Dear AABC Member:
WOW, what an Annual Meeting AABC just had!
We gathered together and renewed acquaintances for the first time in 2 years, re-launched the AABC Open Golf Tournament, signed a historic joint Memorandum of Understanding between ASHRAE, AABC, ACG and EMA, inducted three of AABC's founders into the newly created AABC Hall of Fame, announced the membership's choice for the first modern nominee to the Hall, and heard a heartfelt acceptance of that honor from longtime TBE exam custodian George Ebert.
And that was all before the morning coffee break on the meeting's first day! Paraphrasing that old Army commercial, AABC does more before 9:30 a.m. than most associations do all day.
The rest of the meeting featured 9 technical and business-oriented presentations, ranging from new features on VAV terminal units to performance verification in critical environments, to two member-led panels discussing the key topics of employee recruitment and succession planning strategies.
As always, though, it wasn't all business: we had a laid-back beach party that stretched deep into the night, a great closing celebration and award ceremony, and topped it off with a spectacular fireworks display, and then virtually everyone present closing out the night on the dance floor to the tune of "We Are Family." We understand that not everyone was able to make the meeting this year, but please make every effort to join us next time, I guarantee you will not regret it!
I'd like to take the rest of my space to highlight and remind you of new initiatives put in place the past few years, and note others that are in the works.
New Programs
Continuing Education has always been important to AABC, and the new, more structured program launched in 2020 has been a huge success. Members are engaging with more AABC content than ever before.
Webinars have become a regular feature of the association's offerings to members. In addition to the many offered by AABC, through our reinvigorated partnership with ACG and EMA, members have free access to all of their webinar offerings as well.
TAB Journal marked its 30th anniversary this year as the industry's go-to testing and balancing periodical. With the addition of the option to earn CEU credit, the publication is more relevant and valuable than ever – helping members meet their requirements and drawing more attention to AABC members' expertise from outside the organization.
Advertising and Marketing has been a major focus over the past year, with the Board and the Marketing Committee working closely with our management team to significantly ramp up all of the visible (and invisible) things you need to do in 2021 to draw attention, eyeballs, clicks and interest in AABC.
Finally, Training opportunities for members took a leap forward with AABC's endorsement of the Engineered Air Balance training center in Houston, TX. The EAB facility and programs are impressive and have gotten rave reviews from companies who have sent their personnel – which is made easier by a 20% discount offered to AABC members.
The Board recently decided to move forward with development of an AABC mobile app, initially focused on providing an interactive database of TAB formulas for use in the field and during system evaluations.
Upcoming Initiatives
Good news on the Technician exam revision, which is nearing completion and should be completed by January 1st 2022. Members will then be able to have their eligible technicians test at more than 400 local testing centers, and no longer require locating a proctor.
Volunteers are needed to assist with an evaluation of AABC's cleanroom program, a potential AABC fumehood testing certification, a review of the Technician Training Manual, additional help for the marketing committee, and developing information related to recruitment of new test and balance technicians. If you are interested in assisting, please let AABC headquarters know.
Discussions will begin soon on initiatives based on the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between our groups and ASHRAE.
I can tell you with great enthusiasm that AABC is in its best position in years, and the future looks tremendous. Remember this is our association, and we only get out of it what we put into it, so please get involved in anything you hear about that interests you!
The renewed focus on proper ventilation in buildings in 2020-2021 should continue to mean prosperous times for independent firms. We will continue to reinforce AABC as the industry's premier test & balance association, and its members as the industry's premier TAB providers.
I'd like to close by saying thank you — I am humbled at the thought of how long the members have placed their trust in me as a member of the board of this great association.
Michael Kelly, TBE
AABC President
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An independent Testing and Balancing Agency certified by the AABC shall be engaged to Test and Balance the HVAC systems. Systems shall be balanced to plus/minus 10% of design requirements. The contractor shall place all systems and equipment into full operation for Testing and Balancing. One copy of the final Test and Balance report with the AABC National Performance Guaranty shall be sent directly to the engineer of record. Provide five (5) additional copies to the contractor.
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Performing Instruments
Our Mission is to Save You Time. We are committed to creating and improving efficient methodologies for the testing of HVAC systems. By transforming complex mathematical models into user-friendly tools, we provide the HVAC industry products with unparalleled accuracy. Our products enable uniformity and enhanced equipment performance which saves time and energy. Our products conform to and complement ASHRAE and SMACNA standards.
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Field Inspections Plus
Field Inspection Plus is a software company focused on developing products for TAB and Commissioning professionals. Clipboard, our flagship product. was designed as a paperless documentation system that allows inspection professionals to collect, manage and generate certified test reports across different platforms and devices. We help companies save money by developing more efficient processes and greater capacity for remote work while reducing environmental impact.
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TSI, Inc
TSI, Inc. has provided accurate, reliable instrumentation to TAB and commissioning professionals for more than 50 years. An HVAC system is only as good as the team that sets the controls and the tools that measure performance. With TSI, you can be confident you are investing in professional grade tools, ensuring the efficiency and comfort of the HVAC systems you service.
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Testo is a world leader in the design, development, and manufacture of portable test and measurement instrumentation and solutions. Backed by 60 years of measuring engineering experience, our mission is to provide the best quality, service, and value in the industry. In addition, Testo is recognized as the leading worldwide manufacturer of portable combustion efficiency analyzers and air emission analyzers. Testo has become a major supplier of HVAC, critical HVAC, refrigeration, airflow, and environmental monitoring instruments for markets as diverse as chemical, food service and production, pharmaceutical and biotechnology, and residential HVAC suppliers.
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Holding over 650 technical patents, Dwyer Instruments, Inc. is a global leader in designing and manufacturing controls, sensors, and instrumentation solutions to the HVAC market. Investing in state-of-the-art R&D facilities for best-in-class product testing and verification has not only kept Dwyer relevant for over 85 years, it has also kept us on the cutting-edge of product development. Using the most advanced computer modeling software to simulate real world situations helps Dwyer to create more accurate measurement techniques in our products. Innovative HVAC product designs have been recognized by industry experts; most recently for the 490W Hydronic Differential Pressure Manometer – the most innovative HVAC water balancing instrument. AABC members receive 10% discount off all test equipment online orders with promo code "AABC."
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Website: https://www.dwyer-inst.com/
Retrotec is the world's leading manufacturer of blower doors, duct testers, gauges, and air leakage testing online training and software. Our equipment is trusted around the world by demanding professionals to conduct residential energy audits, large building air leakage measurements, duct leakage tests, and clean agent integrity tests.The company is continuing to push the industry forward with new innovations, with recent examples including rCloud testing software, the SmartCloth™ Wind Dampening Blower Door Cloth, and the FlowBox exhaust fan flow meter.
Retrotec is proud to offer educational resources to increase industry knowledge, including online certification programs, training, and free monthly webinars.
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Building Start
Building Start offers a digital documentation system specifically for Test and Balance contractors with our AiRNAB product. AiRNAB has a stand-alone application that allows your technicians to efficiently record information using (Apple / Android) phones & tablets or Windows laptops. Synchronize information from the field to check work progress, follow-up on deficiencies and print reports more quickly. Eliminate redundant data entry, publish final reports more quickly and connect the office and the field more effectively with AiRNAB. Come visit us and see our newest feature – Static Pressure Profile!
Learn more: https://www.buildingstart.com/
Engineered Air Balance
Engineered Air Balance is a leading authority in total system balancing and building commissioning at the forefront of industry standards and training. Our team is dedicated to ensuring the comfort of our clients and training the next generation of technicians, engineers and building operators. Our state-of-the art training center in Houston, Texas offers instructor-led classes with hands-on demonstrations providing enhanced technical learning opportunities. The multidisciplinary courses increase proficiencies needed for total system balancing, building commissioning, control sequence verification of HVAC systems, building optimization and much more.
Learn more: https://eabcoinc.com/training
Evergreen Telemetry
Evergreen Telemetry manufactures a brand-new type of instrument, a 5-in-1 meter for balancing, commissioning, and troubleshooting in commercial buildings. The patented Wrist ReporterTM displays real-time results from as many as ten wireless sensors, including air & water pressure/velocity/flow/temperature/humidity. Applications include duct traverse, flow damper setting, ventilation calculations, room-to-room pressure hierarchies, coil performance testing, and wireless datalogging. This high-productivity instrument makes TAB and Cx Faster, Easier, and Safer.
Website: https://evergreentelemetry.com
Ameritech
Ameritech Data Solutions
Test and Balance Operations and Production Tracking Software (TABopts) was developed specifically for the TAB and Commissioning industry. With the full version of TABopts software, you can operate your entire company. Modules include Reporting, Estimation, Quotation, Project Tracking, Job Costing, Asset Tracking, Invoicing and much more. All of our modules use software that you are already familiar with such as MS Access, MS Excel, MS Word, and MS Outlook. Reporting and tracking is now easier than ever with your customized system of TABopts modules. Automation of repetitive tasks happen with the click of a button in the various Microsoft® Office products.Website: https://ameritechds.com/
AABC Webinar Sponsorship Opportunity: $1,000
Up to a 45-sec Sponsor's video commercial or ad image prior to the live webinar
Direct one-time HTML email to AABC members and webinar participants members (HTML to be provided by the Sponsor, must be approved by AABC)
Two marketing emails promoting the webinar/Sponsor to nearly 18,000 professionals in the construction industry.
Three social media posts promoting the webinar across all platforms (Twitter and LinkedIn, nearly 7,000 followers combined).
One-paragraph webinar description and Sponsor company description with the link to the registration page in the upcoming Total System Balance Weekly e-newsletter.
Sponsor logo and company description on the AABC Virtual Annual Meeting
Listing of the webinar recording on the AABC member portal and on the YouTube channel to exist in perpetuity with link to Sponsor's website.
10% discount for Sponsor to invite its existing/prospective clients to register for either a sponsored webinar or the bundle.
Contact [email protected] to reserve this opportunity.
Our Mission is to Save You Time! We are committed to creating and improving efficient methodology for the testing of HVAC systems. By transforming complex mathematical models into user-friendly tools, we provide the HVAC Industry products with unparalleled accuracy that enable uniformity, enhanced equipment performance, and save time and energy.
Website: pinstruments.expert
Continental Automated Buildings Association (CABA)
CABA is an international not-for-profit industry association dedicated to the advancement of intelligent home and intelligent building technologies. CABA is supported by an international membership of nearly 400 companies involved in the education, design, manufacture, installation and retailing of products relating to home automation and building automation. CABA also encourages the development of industry standards and protocols, and leads cross-industry initiatives. CABA has a collaborative research program which brings members together to fund and direct market research for both large building technologies and home systems.
Website: caba.org
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For over 30 years, Instruments Direct has been a leading solution for ultrasonic flow meter technology. We offer sales, rental, tech support, calibration and training. Visit us at www.instrumentsdirect.com
Also, check out our training and tech review videos at www.youtube.com/instrumentsdirect. We will be introducing the new Fuji Portaflow-C, FSC4 series portable ultrasonic clamp-on transit time flow meter.
The portable ultrasonic flow meter has become a standard hydronic flow monitoring tool for TAB and Commissioning and the Fuji portable flow meter is one of the most popular models used. The FSC4 offers you a competitive price, best accuracy, easiest to use and great durability for field work. Stop by our table and check it out the new FSC4 and learn about its features.


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Symposium Session 13
Session 13: The Wild West in the European Visual Imagination
Peter Hassrick, Chair
Emily C. Burns, Parisian Frontiers: Buffalo Bill's Wild West and French Masculinities, 1889-1906
This talk analyzes the visual culture of Buffalo Bill's Wild West tours in France in 1889 and 1905–6 and reveals how, with its emphasis on taming, and in dialogue with constructions within the American community that defined Paris as a wilderness, the spectacle came to the center of a transnational negotiation that transformed Paris into a metaphorical American frontier.
Emily C. Burns is Assistant Professor of Art History at Auburn University. Her research focuses on Franco-American cultural exchange in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Her book, Transnational Frontiers: the American West in the French Imagination, is forthcoming from University of Oklahoma Press.
Jennifer R. Henneman, Buffalo Bill's Wild West and the Fine Arts Galleries of the American Exhibition in London of 1887
A comparative analysis of the reception of Buffalo Bill's Wild West and the Fine Arts Galleries of the American Exhibition in London of 1887 reveals the mutually supportive relationship of the popular and fine arts in a larger cultural enterprise of mythmaking and imperial identity at the end of the nineteenth century.
Jennifer R. Henneman is Assistant Curator at the Petrie Institute of Western American Art at the Denver Art Museum and has a doctoral degree from the University of Washington in 19th century British and American visual art and culture. Her interdisciplinary transatlantic research reflects her upbringing on a Montana cattle ranch and her interest in the legacies of the Victorian era.
Emily L. Voelker, Portrait of an Oglala in Paris with Buffalo Bill's Wild West, 1889: Capturing Intercultural Encounters with the Camera
During Buffalo Bill's Wild West's stay in Paris for the 1889 Exposition Universelle, Prince Roland Bonaparte completed a photographic series focusing primarily on the Lakota troupe members. This paper closely reads one of these pictures—of Oglala sitter Billy Peano—as a multivalent portrait suggestive of different aspects of the Native experience as a show performer abroad with the Wild West during this period.
Emily Voelker received her Ph.D. in History of Art & Architecture at Boston University in 2017. 2017-2018 Postdoctoral fellowships at the Smithsonian Institution and Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art will support the transformation of her dissertation, "From Both Sides of the Lens: Anthropology, Native Experience & Photographs of American Indians in French Exhibitions, 1870-1890" into a book manuscript.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Discussion in 'Biomechanics, Sports and Foot orthoses' started by NewsBot, Jan 12, 2008.
Effect of shoe heel height on vastus medialis and vastus lateralis electromyographic activity during sit to stand.
Edwards L, Dixon J, Kent JR, Hodgson D, Whittaker VJ.
BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that high-heeled shoes may contribute to the development and progression of knee pain. However, surprisingly little research has been carried out on how shoe heel height affects muscle activity around the knee joint. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of differing heel height on the electromyographic (EMG) activity in vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) during a sit to stand activity. This was an exploratory study to inform future research.
METHODS: A repeated measures design was used. Twenty five healthy females carried out a standardised sit to stand activity under 4 conditions; barefoot, and with heel wedges of 1, 3, and 5 cm in height. EMG activity was recorded from VM and VL during the activity. Data were analysed using 1x4 repeated measures ANOVA.
RESULTS: Average rectified EMG activity differed with heel height in both VM (F2.2, 51.7 = 5.24, p < 0.01), and VL (F3, 72 = 5.32, p < 0.01). However the VM: VL EMG ratio was not significantly different between conditions (F3,72 = 0.61, p = 0.609).
Changes of bioelectrical activity in cervical paraspinal muscle during gait in low and high heel shoes.
Mika A, Oleksy L, Mikołajczyk E, Marchewka A, Mika P.
High heel footwear may be destructive for the spine because of an increased erector spinae muscle bioelectrical activity and increased ground reaction forces affecting lower limbs and the spine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of bioelectrical activity in cervical paraspinal muscle during gait in low and in high heel shoes in different age groups. In 31 women aged 20-25 years and in 15 women aged 45-55 years without neck pain, the bioelectrical activity of the cervical paraspinal muscle was assessed during gait on flat surface with natural speed in three conditions: without shoes, in low (4 cm) and in high (10 cm) heel shoes. Higher bioelectrical activity cervical paraspinal muscle was noted during gait in high heel shoes in comparison to gait without shoes. The changes were more pronounced in the group of subjects aged 45-55 years. The prolonged wearing of shoes with stiletto type heels by individuals without neck pain is not safe for their spine and may lead to chronic paraspinal muscle fatigue.
Heel height affects lower extremity frontal plane joint moments during walking.
Barkema DD, Derrick TR, Martin PE.
Wearing high heels alters walking kinematics and kinetics and can create potentially adverse effects on the body. Our purpose was to determine how heel height affects frontal plane joint moments at the hip, knee, and ankle, with a specific focus on the knee moment due to its importance in joint loading and knee osteoarthritis. 15 women completed overground walking using three different heel heights (1, 5, and 9cm) for fixed speed (1.3ms(-1)) and preferred speed conditions while kinematic and force platform data were collected concurrently. For both fixed and preferred speeds, peak internal knee abduction moment increased systematically as heel height increased (fixed: 0.46, 0.48, 0.55Nmkg(-1); preferred: 0.47, 0.49, 0.53Nmkg(-1)). Heel height effects on net frontal plane moments of the hip and ankle were similar to those for the knee; peak joint moments increased as heel height increased. The higher peak internal knee abduction moment with increasing heel height suggests greater medial loading at the knee. Kinetic changes at the ankle with increasing heel height may also contribute to larger medial loads at the knee. Overall, wearing high heels, particularly those with higher heel heights, may put individuals at greater risk for joint degeneration and developing medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.
The influence of heel height on lower extremity kinematics and leg muscle activity during gait in young and middle-aged women.
Mika A, Oleksy L, Mika P, Marchewka A, Clark BC.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lower limb muscles, and hip, knee and ankle kinematics during gait while wearing low- (4-cm) and high-heeled (10-cm) shoes in 31 young and 15 middle-aged adult women. We observed an increase in knee flexion and decrease in ankle eversion associated with elevated heel heights suggesting that compensatory mechanisms attenuating ground reaction forces may be compromised during gait with higher-heeled shoes. Additionally, we observed increased muscle activity during high-heeled gait that may exacerbate muscle fatigue. Collectively, these findings suggest that permanent wearing of heeled footwear could contribute to muscle overuse and repetitive strain injuries.
And the barefoot/minimalist running advocates get all worked up over traditional running shoes having a 10-13 mm heel height (about 1/4 to 1/3rd the amount of what these authors consider a "low heeled shoe")?!
If the barefoot/minimalist running advocates only would put as much energy into getting women to wear lower heeled shoes (less than 4 cm) as they do in worrying about a 1 cm heel height differential (i.e. heel drop) in traditional running shoes, then they actually may be doing something constructive, for a change, at preventing shoe-related injuries and deformity in people!
The Effect of Walking in High- and Low-Heeled Shoes on Erector Spinae Activity and Pelvis Kinematics During Gait.
Wearing high-heeled shoes may produce deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in electromyographic (EMG) activity of the erector spinae muscles and pelvis kinematics during gait while wearing low- and high-heeled shoes in both young and middle-aged adult women.
In 31 young women (20-25 yrs) and 15 middle-aged women (45-55 yrs) without back pain, the EMG activity of the erector spinae muscle and pelvis kinematics in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes were assessed during gait on flat surface at natural speeds in three conditions: without shoes and in low- (4 cm) and high- (10 cm) heeled shoes.
In younger women, significant differences in lumbar erector spinae EMG activity were observed during gait at initial ground contact as well as in toe off between the three conditions, with an increasing amount of EMG activity being observed in association with increased heel height. In middle-aged women, significantly higher lumbar erector spinae EMG activity was noted during gait with high-heeled shoes compared with gait without shoes. Interestingly, younger women exhibited an increase in pelvic range of motion in the sagittal plane during high-heeled gait compared with low-heeled gait and walking without shows; however, this compensatory response was not observed in middle-aged women.
From a clinical perspective, increased lumbar erector spinae muscle activity associated with wearing high-heeled shoes could exacerbate muscle overuse and lead to low back problems. The lower pelvic range of motion associated with wearing high heels in middle-aged women may indicate that tissues in the lumbopelvic region become more rigid with age and that the harmful effect of high-heeled shoes on posture and spinal tissues may be more pronounced with advancing age.
Study on lumbar kinematics and the risk of low back disorder in female university students by using shoes of different heel heights.
Iqbal R, De A, Mishra W, Maulik S, Chandra A.
The influence of heel height on frontal plane ankle biomechanics: implications for lateral ankle sprains.
Foster A, Blanchette MG, Chou YC, Powers CM.
Foot Ankle Int. 2012 Jan;33(1):64-9.
Wearing high heel shoes is thought to increase an individual's likelihood of experiencing a lateral ankle sprain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of heel height on frontal plane kinematics, kinetics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the ankle joint during walking.
Eighteen healthy women participated. Three-dimensional kinematics, ground reaction forces, and EMG signals of the tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) were recorded as subjects ambulated in high (9.5~cm) and low (1.3~cm) heel shoes at a self-selected walking velocity. Peak ankle plantarflexion, peak ankle inversion angle, and the peak ankle inversion moment during the stance phase of gait were evaluated. The EMG variables of interest consisted of the normalized average signal amplitude of the TA and PL during the first 50% of the stance phase. Paired t-tests were used to assess differences between the two shoe conditions.
When compared to the low heel condition, wearing high heels resulted in significantly greater peak ankle plantarflexion and inversion angles (p < 0.001). In addition, the peak inversion moment and PL muscle activation was found to be significantly higher in the high heel condition (p < 0.001). No difference in TA muscle activity was found between shoe conditions (p = 0.30).
The plantarflexed and inverted posture when wearing high heels may increase an individual's risk for experiencing a lateral ankle sprain.
Data obtained from this investigation highlights the need for increased awareness and proper education related to the wearing of high heel shoes.
This helped to cement my understanding of subtalar joint rotational equilibrium theory and made perfect sense to me back in the day.
Walking on high heels changes muscle activity and the dynamics of human walking significantly.
Simonsen EB, Svendsen MB, Nørreslet A, Baldvinsson HK, Heilskov-Hansen T, Larsen PK, Alkjær T, Henriksen M.
J Appl Biomech. 2012 Feb;28(1):20-8.
The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of net joint moments in the lower extremities during walking on high-heeled shoes compared with barefooted walking at identical speed. Fourteen female subjects walked at 4 km/h across three force platforms while they were filmed by five digital video cameras operating at 50 frames/second. Both barefooted walking and walking on high-heeled shoes (heel height: 9 cm) were recorded. Net joint moments were calculated by 3D inverse dynamics. EMG was recorded from eight leg muscles. The knee extensor moment peak in the first half of the stance phase was doubled when walking on high heels. The knee joint angle showed that high-heeled walking caused the subjects to flex the knee joint significantly more in the first half of the stance phase. In the frontal plane a significant increase was observed in the knee joint abductor moment and the hip joint abductor moment. Several EMG parameters increased significantly when walking on high-heels. The results indicate a large increase in bone-on-bone forces in the knee joint directly caused by the increased knee joint extensor moment during high-heeled walking, which may explain the observed higher incidence of osteoarthritis in the knee joint in women as compared with men.
Alkjær T, Raffalt P, Petersen NC, Simonsen EB.
High-heeled shoes are associated with instability and falling, leading to injuries such as fracture and ankle sprain. Knowledge of the motion of the body's center of mass (COM) with respect to the center of pressure (COP) during high-heeled gait may offer insights into the balance control strategies and provide a basis for approaches that minimize the risk of falling and associated adverse effects. The study aimed to investigate the influence of the base and height of the heels on the COM motion in terms of COM–COP inclination angles (IA) and the rate of change of IA (RCIA). Fifteen females who regularly wear high heels walked barefoot and with narrow-heeled shoes with three heel heights (3.9cm, 6.3cm and 7.3cm) while kinematic and ground reaction force data were measured and used to calculate the COM and COP, as well as the temporal-distance parameters. The reduced base of the heels was found to be the primary factor for the reduced normalized walking speed and the reduced frontal IA throughout the gait cycle. This was achieved mainly through the control of the RCIA during double-leg stance (DLS). The heel heights affected mainly the peak RCIA during DLS, which were not big enough to affect the IA. These results suggest young adults adopt a conservative strategy for balance control during narrow-heeled gait. The results will serve as baseline data for future evaluation of patients and/or older adults during narrow-heeled gait with the aim of reducing the risk of falling.
► Young adults adopt a conservative strategy for balance control during narrow-heeled gait.
► The reduced base but the height of the heels led to the reduced normalized walking speed.
► The reduced heel base was responsible for a reduced frontal COM–COP inclination angles.
► Control of the COM–COP motion during double-leg stance is critical for balance.
[Purpose] This study researched the effect of different types of shoe on the muscles surrounding the cervical spine, the thoracic spine and the lumbar spine by analyzing muscle activation of the paravertabral muscle during walking on flat ground.
[Subjects] The 28 subjects of this experiment were females in their 20s, with a foot size of 235–240 mm and a normal gait pattern, who had no foot deformities or muscle problems.
[Methods] We selected three kinds of shoes sized 240 mm, and measured the muscle activation of the paraspinal muscles around C4, T12 and L3, and the trapezius and multifidus muscle.
[Results] The muscle activations of all muscles differed significantly among the shoes. Especially, at the C4 paraspinal muscle and trapezius, the value of muscle activation induced by the flat shoes was the lower than those induced by the other shoes. The muscle activation induced by the functional walking shoes was significantly higher than that induced by the flat shoes at the C4 paraspinal muscle, and the muscle activations induced by the high-heel shoes were significantly higher than those induced by the other shoes in all of the muscles except for the L3 paraspinal muscle.
[Conclusion] In view of these results, wearing high-heel shoes is not recommended for those who have spinal problems, and those who have cervical troubles should be advised to wear only flat shoes.
Effect of shoe heel height and total-contact insert on muscle loading and foot stability while walking.
Hong WH, Lee YH, Lin YH, Tang SF, Chen HC.
Foot Ankle Int. 2013 Feb;34(2):273-81.
Background: Women wearing high-heeled shoes often complain of foot instability and low-back pain. Previous studies have demonstrated that using total-contact inserts (TCIs) in running shoes reduces impact on leg muscles and alters rearfoot motion. This study investigated how shoe heel height and use of TCIs in high-heeled shoes affect the wearer's rearfoot complex, muscle loading, and subjective comfort.
Methods: Fifteen inexperienced high heel wearers walked under 6 test conditions formed by the cross-matching of shoe insert (with and without TCI) and heel height (1.0, 5.1, and 7.6 cm) at a speed of 1.3 m/s. The measures of interest were rearfoot kinematics; muscle activities by electromyography (EMG) of the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), quadriceps (QUA), hamstrings (HAM), and erector spinae (ES); and subjective comfort rating by visual analogue scale for each test condition.
Results: The statistical results showed that elevated heel height significantly increased plantar flexion (P < .001) and inversion (P < .01) at heel strike, prolonged TA-MG co-contraction (P < .001) and QUA activation period (P < .001), and increased root mean square (RMS) EMG in all measured muscles (TA, MG, QUA, ES: P < .001; HAM: P < .01). The use of TCIs reduced the rearfoot inversion angle (P < .01) and RMS EMG in both QUA and ES muscles (P < .01) and increased comfort rating (P < .001).
Conclusions: These findings suggest that wearing high-heeled shoes adversely affects muscle control and reduces loads in QUA and ES muscles.
Clinical Relevance: The use of a TCI may improve comfort rating and foot stability.
Background: Footwear has a profound effect on walking speed, and lower extremity kinematics and kinetics. The purpose of this study is to identify possible predictors of walking speed and stride length in high- and low- heeled footwear.
Methods: Thirty-one female subjects, each of whom were screened for lower extremity pain or dysfunction, and were determined not to be regular users of high-heeled shoes, participated in this study. Standardised, appropriately sized low- and high- heeled footwear were provided for all subjects. Euler angles were used to calculate the motion of the distal segment relative to the proximal segment. An inverse dynamics approach was used to calculate the net joint moment and power at the ankle, knee and hip joint. A paired t-test was used to assess the effect of footwear, and stepwise linear regression was performed to identify possible kinematic and kinetic predictors of walking speed and stride length.
Results: Use of high-heeled footwear resulted in slower walking speed and shorter stride length. Regression analyses indicated that the most significant predictors of self-selected walking speed in high-heeled footwear were sagittal power generation at the knee, hip flexion, and sagittal power absorption at the ankle. Determinants of stride length when walking in high-heeled footwear included ankle sagittal power generation, hip sagittal range and the hip extension moment.
Conclusion: A relatively simple model (three predictors or less) was able to explain 30–60% of the variance in walking speed and stride length. The key findings of our study underscore that altering heel height results in a change in motor strategy and attendant joint contribution used to maintain walking speed and stride length.
Footwear serves to protect the foot in various activities, to enhance athletic performance in sports and in many cases to fulfill aesthetic and cultural needs of urban society. Most women like wearing high-heeled shoes (HHS) for the benefit of sensuous attractiveness, while foot problems are often associated. Computational modeling based on finite element (FE) analysis is a useful tool for deep understanding of foot and footwear biomechanics and incorporating footwear with foot in the model is the prerequisite. In this study, a three-dimensional FE model of coupled foot–ankle–shoe complex and preceding gait simulation were established. Interfacial contact simulation was employed to complete the donning process of foot and shoe upper contact. Three major stance phases namely heel strike, midstance and push off were simulated to investigate the biomechanical response of high-heeled shod walking. It was found that the contact pressure at all metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints intensified and reached their maximum at push off phase during locomotion, meanwhile the first MTP had the largest magnitude. The first and fifth MTP joints had larger movements in transverse plane among all MTP joints, indicating that these two joints bended more significantly by toe box restraint during locomotion. The dorsal contact pressure at the first toe increased by four times from heel strike to push off. The established HHS donning and walking simulation in this study proved the versatility and promising potential of computational approach for realistic biomechanical evaluation and optimization of footwear design in a virtual environment.
Changes in ankle range of motion and muscle strength in habitual wearers of high-heeled shoes.
Kim Y, Lim JM, Yoon B.
Foot Ankle Int. 2013 Mar;34(3):414-9.
Although cross-sectional biomechanical studies have reported that wearing high-heeled shoes can change the musculoskeletal system of the lower extremities, the long-term effects of wearing such shoes on the ankle remain unknown. The aim of this study was to reveal changes in ankle range of motion and muscle strength in habitual wearers of high-heeled shoes and to provide information for clinicians undertaking functional evaluations of the ankles of such patients.
Habitual wearers of high-heeled shoes (n = 10; age, 23.9 ± 2.7 years) and wearers of flat shoes (n = 10; age, 23.8 ± 2.1 years) were selectively recruited, and the range of motion, maximal voluntary isometric force, and concentric contraction power of their ankles were measured.
Wearers of high-heeled shoes showed increased ankle range of motion on plantarflexion at 25 degrees and inversion at 10 degrees compared to flat shoe wearers (P < .05) but decreased dorsiflexion (about 17 degrees) and eversion (13 degrees; P < .05). Concentric contraction power in ankle eversion was also 2 times higher in wearers of high-heeled shoes (P < .05).
These subjects had functional deformity of the ankle in a supinated direction and increased eversion power.
Interesting thread. Could have cited this thread (& some of the research papers within) about 3 weeks ago... in a thread where ridiculous pigs claims were used to substantiate the use of high heels (on this - a Podiatry forum of all places)... in a thread where I seemed to be the only one highlighted the adverse ramifications thereof :bang:.
Ahhh... come to think about it, probably wouldn't have made much difference... there were other issues butcher at play (none of which was objective science based reasoning :craig .
After new research this week showing nine out of 10 women have experienced pain or other foot problems from skyscraper heels, you may wonder if we choose to shelve the uncomfortable shoes at last. But you'll know deep down that we won't.
New English research finds nine in ten women have experienced pain or other problems in their feet, back and legs due to their choice of shoes - and that tough we know 10 to 15cm heels are bad for us, we wear them anyway.
The UK College of Podiatry warned that prolonged high heel wearing can trigger serious problems including arthritis, stress fractures and trapped nerves. The college's Mike O'Neill, a consultant podiatrist, said: "There is absolutely no doubt that women who wear high heels are putting themselves at risk of permanent injury in the name of fashion."
I don't think I would find the silhouette of women in high heels to be more "feminine"... but hey, that's just me .
Young females with mild hallux valgus (HV) have been identified as having an increased risk of first ray deformation. Little is known, however, about the biomechanical changes that might contribute to this increased risk. The purpose of this study was to compare kinetics changes during walking for mild HV subjects with high-heel-height shoes. Twelve female subjects (six with mild HV and six controls) participated in this study with heel height varying from 0 cm (barefoot) to 4.5 cm. Compared to healthy controls, patients had significantly higher peak pressure on the big toe area during barefoot walking. When the heel height increased, loading was transferred to medial side of the forefoot, and the big toe area suffered more impact compared to barefoot in mild HV. This study also demonstrated that the center of pressure (COP) inclines to medial side alteration after high-heeled shoes wearing. These findings indicate that mild HV people should be discouraged from wearing high-heeled shoes.
"The scanner gives us much more information"' he said.
'It shows the deformity caused by wearing high heels is much more complicated than we previously thought.
"With high heels, the toes are squashed inside the shoe. The more stiletto-shaped they are, the worse it is. The toes not only get squashed, but they become clawed too." The base of the big toe becomes 'deviated outwards', forming a bunion, while the scanner also shows how these bones can become 'rotated and dropped'.
It wasn't just middle-aged women who suffered, he said. "It's not uncommon for me to see teenage girls in my clinic. They are usually accompanied by their mothers, who tell them, 'Look, the doctor says you should be wearing sensible shoes!' But I try not to get involved with family politics too much.
"If you have got a family history of high heel wearers and you wear them a lot, you are pretty much guaranteed to develop bunions," he said.
"If you are not genetically predisposed, wearing high heels may accelerate bunions.
"Foot and ankle problems affect your walking and take over your life. There's a saying that if you want to take someone's mind off a problem, put them in tight shoes."
A survey of patients at the hospital's foot and ankle clinic found that 57 per cent had experienced severe pain as a result of wearing uncomfortable shoes such as high heels.
And 86 per cent claimed they found it difficult finding comfortable shoes. In truth, the internet is now awash with firms which offer sensible footwear in fashionable shades.
"People don't like doctors like me saying, 'Your shoes are a problem.' If I suggest they buy themselves some comfy shoes, I'm liable to get punched in the face." Mr Goldberg added. He also claimed some patients exaggerated the pain their bunions caused to get them surgically removed - so they could then continue to squeeze their feet into fashionable shoes.
Mr Goldberg said the damage caused by high heels was nothing new: "We have always been slaves to fashions that have led to deformity.
"But what we should be doing is fitting people's shoes around their feet, rather than the other way around.
- Prolonged 'hyper- extension' of these toe joints, under intense pressure, causes pain.
- High heels force women to throw their weight on to the front of the foot. Toes get squashed together and clawed up, eventually becoming rigid and arthritic.
- Big toe bones become pushed out, forming the trademark bunion of many high-heel slaves.
- Pea-shaped sesamoid bones are drawn underfoot and out of position, affecting how the foot bends and resulting in pain.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the kinematics changes in hip, knee and ankle during jogging while wearing shoes with heel height of flat (1.5 cm), low (4.5 cm) and high (7 cm) three conditions. We observed an increased motion of range of knee abduction-adduction and hip flexion-extension in high heel jogging, which may induce high loading force in knee joints. In addition, we observed decrease in ankle inversion during heel height jogging gait. Collectively, these findings suggest that permanent wearing of shoes with heel height may contribute to knee osteoarthritis and higher risk of ankle sprain.
The Changes of COP and Foot Pressure after One Hour's Walking Wearing High-heeled and Flat Shoes.
J Phys Ther Sci. 2013 Oct;25(10):1309-1312.
[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the most appropriate height for shoe heels by measuring the displacement of the COP (center of pressure) and changes in the distribution of foot pressure after walking in flat (0.5 cm), middle-heeled (4 cm), and high-heeled (9 cm) shoes for 1 hour.
[Methods] A single-subject design was used, with 15 healthy women wearing shoes with heels of each height in a random order. The foot pressure and displacement of COP before and after walking in an ordinary environment for 1 hour were measured using an FDM-S (zebris Medical GmbH, Germany).
[Results] The distribution of foot pressure did not change significantly after walking in middle-heeled (4 cm) shoes but did change significantly after walking in either flat (0.5 cm) or high-heeled (9 cm) shoes. Similarly, the COP was not significantly displaced after walking in middle-heeled (4 cm) shoes but was significantly displaced after walking in either flat (0.5 cm) or high-heeled (9 cm) shoes.
[Conclusion] Both flat and high-heeled shoes had adverse effects on the body. Middle-heeled (4 cm) shoes are preferable to both flat (0.5 cm) and high-heeled (9 cm) shoes for the health and comfort of the feet.
Walking is the most common form of human locomotion. From a motor control perspective, human bipedalism makes the task of walking extremely complex. For parts of the step cycle, there is only one foot on the ground, so both balance and propulsion are required in order for the movement to proceed smoothly. One condition known to compound the difficulty of walking is the use of high heeled shoes, which alter the natural position of the foot-ankle complex, and thereby produce a chain reaction of (mostly negative) effects that travels up the lower limb at least as far as the spine. This review summarises recent studies that have examined acute and chronic effects of high heels on balance and locomotion in young, otherwise healthy women. Controversial issues, common study limitations and directions for future research are also addressed in detail.
Background: Asymmetrical load carrying and wearing high-heeled shoes are very common. Biomechanics studies on the combined effects of high-heeled shoe wearing and asymmetrical load carrying are lacking. We sought to identify changes in lower-extremity joint kinematics associated with the effect of shoes and asymmetrical load carrying during walking.
Methods: Fifteen healthy young women (mean ± SD: age, 24.67 ± 3.54 years; body weight, 54.96 ± 6.67 kg; and height, 162.2 ± 3.91 cm) who habitually wore high-heeled shoes participated in the study. They were asked to walk under nine combined conditions of three heights of shoe heels (0, 3, and 9 cm) and three carried loads (0%, 5%, and 10% of body weight). Temporospatial parameters and maximal joint angles in the sagittal and frontal planes of the hip, knee, and ankle on both limbs were studied.
Results: It was found that high-heeled shoe wearing and asymmetrical load carrying altered temporospatial parameters and joint kinematics. With increased heel height and load weight, cadence decreased and stride length increased. The knee flexion angle increased with an increase in heel height, and the load served only to exacerbate the changes. Changes in the hip angle were mostly caused by asymmetrical load carrying, whereas angle changes in the ankle were mostly caused by an increase in heel height.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that when high-heeled shoe wearing and asymmetrical load carrying are combined, changes at each joint are much greater than with high-heeled shoe wearing or load carrying alone.
Effects of long-term wearing of high-heeled shoes on the control of the body's center of mass motion in relation to the center of pressure during walking.
Chien HL, Lu TW, Liu MW.
High-heeled shoes are associated with instability and falling, leading to injuries such as fracture and ankle sprain. This study investigated the effects of habitual wearing of high-heeled shoes on the body's center of mass (COM) motion relative to the center of pressure (COP) during gait. Fifteen female experienced wearers and 15 matched controls walked with high-heeled shoes (7.3cm) while kinematic and ground reaction force data were measured and used to calculate temporal-distance parameters, joint moments, COM-COP inclination angles (IA) and the rate of IA changes (RCIA). Compared with inexperienced wearers, experienced subjects showed significantly reduced frontal IA with increased ankle pronator moments during single-limb support (p<0.05). During double-limb support (DLS), they showed significantly increased magnitudes of the frontal RCIA at toe-off and contralateral heel-strike, and reduced DLS time (p<0.05) but unaltered mean RCIA over DLS. In the sagittal plane experienced wearers showed significantly increased mean RCIA (p<0.05) and significant differences in the RCIA at toe-off and contralateral heel-strike (p<0.05). Significantly increased hip flexor moments and knee extensor moments at toe-off (p<0.05) were needed for forward motion of the trailing limb. The current results identified the change in the balance control in females after long-term use of high-heeled shoes, providing a basis for future design of strategies to minimize the risk of falling during high-heeled gait.
Influence of walking speed on electromyographic activity of the rectus abdominis and erector spinae during high-heeled walking.
Nam SJ, Kim MJ, Yim SJ, Oh DW, Park HJ, Kim CY.
This study aimed to determine the effect of walking speed on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the rectus abdominis (RA) and erector spinae (ES) muscles during treadmill high-heeled walking at different shoe heel heights.
Twenty-five young healthy women volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects performed treadmill walking at speeds of 3 km/h and 6 km/h for 90 seconds under 3 high-heeled conditions: barefoot, 3-cm heels, and 7-cm heels. Surface electromyography (EMG) data were collected from standard sites on the RA and ES muscles during treadmill walking.
For all heel heights, the EMG activity of the RA and ES muscles was significantly higher at the 6 km/h speed than at the 3 km/h speed (p < 0.05). Furthermore, EMG activity increased significantly with increasing shoe heel height, regardless of the walking speed (p < 0.05).
These findings indicate that walking speed and shoe heel height may contribute to the increased activity of the trunk muscle during high-heeled walking. This study provides information for future studies performed with the aim of predicting possible changes in trunk muscle activity during high-heeled walking.
The Effects of Lower Extremity Angle According to Heel-height Changes in Young Ladies in Their 20s during Gait.
J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 Jul;26(7):1055-8.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of heel-height changes on the low joint angles of the lower extremities of women in their 20s during gait.
[Subjects and Methods] Qualisys Track Manager Software ver. 2.8 (Qualisys, Sweden) was used to perform measurements on 14 female university students in their 20s. To measure movements, the subjects were asked to walk while wearing high-heeled shoes and reflective stickers on their hip joints, knee joints, and ankle joints, the changes in joint angles were measured at heel strike, foot flat, and toe off.
[Results] Analysis of the amount of change according to heel height changes during gait showed that the angle of the hip joints was reduced with an increase in heel-height. Although the changes were not significant, the angle of the knee joints was reduced during heel strike, foot flat, and midstance, and it was increased during toe off. In contrast, the angle of the ankle joints was increased by a significant amount during heel strike, foot flat, midstance, and toe off.
[Conclusions] During gait with high heels, the movements of the lower extremities of women in their 20s were reduced significantly with an increase in heel height. Therefore, it is concluded that the restrictions on gait can only be reduced by wearing low-heeled shoes.
What I find extraordinary is this: most of the patients I see in high heeled court shoes are highly educated lawyers, accountants etc. When I suggest they wear flatter shoes they reply that they are expected to wear heels when they are in court or at meetings.
As my sons would say WTF!!!
Welcome to Western Civilization where women are expected to or want to wear these shoes to "look more professional" so they can "advance in their profession". The psychology here is fascinating...the problem is that the feet suffer because of it.
1. They don't want to.
2. It doesn't match the standards set by their society.
3. They have already invested significant part of their incomes on a wardrobe that is based on wearing high heeled shoes that make them look taller and thinner than they really are.
4. They want to look "feminine"....whatever that is.
l say let them wear the high unstable heels, we have the second generation of Pedorthist's here, they need a good solid income stream long in to the future.
Long live the stuffed feet of this world!
It really is extraordinary isn't it? Is it perhaps a little bit like Ginger Rogers famous quote about Fred Astaires amazing dancing skills "I do all the same steps but backwards in high heels" ? Women needing to prove themselves ?
On the other hand, I find it strange that in the summer, when the weather is hot and sticky, women wear sundresses, bare legs and sandals whereas men (particularly successful men) wear shirts, ties, jackets, long trousers, socks and shoes.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of high heeled shoes on the sagittal balance of the spine and the whole body.
The investigators hypothesize that wearing high heeled shoes leads to a hyperlordosis of the cervical spine, a decrease of thoracic kyphosis, hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine and a posterior tilt of the pelvis resulting in a posterior shift of the body's center of gravity. This would be an explanation for the increased prevalence of back pain in individuals frequently wearing high heels.
In order to assess these changes, differences in the two following outcome parameters will be measured on a standing lateral EOS-radiograph of the whole body - barefoot and with high heeled shoes: spino-sacral angle (primary) and meatus plumb line (secondary) .
•Skeletal muscle can change its length through the addition and removal of sarcomeres.
•Frequent high heel wear induces muscle shortening associated with a loss of sarcomeres.
•We create a multiscale model of the lower limb from magnetic resonance images.
•Wearing 13-cm-high heels shortens the gastrocnemius by 5% with local extrema of 22%.
•Our model indicates that this induces a sarcomere loss of 9% with local extrema of 39%.
High heels are a major source of chronic lower limb pain. Yet, more than one third of all women compromise health for looks and wear high heels on a daily basis. Changing from flat footwear to high heels induces chronic muscle shortening associated with discomfort, fatigue, reduced shock absorption, and increased injury risk. However, the long-term effects of high-heeled footwear on the musculoskeletal kinematics of the lower extremities remain poorly understood. Here we create a multiscale computational model for chronic muscle adaptation to characterize the acute and chronic effects of global muscle shortening on local sarcomere lengths. We perform a case study of a healthy female subject and show that raising the heel by 13 cm shortens the gastrocnemius muscle by 5% while the Achilles tendon remains virtually unaffected. Our computational simulation indicates that muscle shortening displays significant regional variations with extreme values of 22% in the central gastrocnemius. Our model suggests that the muscle gradually adjusts to its new functional length by a chronic loss of sarcomeres in series. Sarcomere loss varies significantly across the muscle with an average loss of 9%, virtually no loss at the proximal and distal ends, and a maximum loss of 39% in the central region. These changes reposition the remaining sarcomeres back into their optimal operating regime. Computational modeling of chronic muscle shortening provides a valuable tool to shape our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of muscle adaptation. Our study could open new avenues in orthopedic surgery and enhance treatment for patients with muscle contracture caused by other conditions than high heel wear such as paralysis, muscular atrophy, and muscular dystrophy.
The Effects of Wearing High Heels while Pressing a Car Accelerator Pedal on Lower Extremity Muscle Activation.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of wearing high heels while driving on lower extremity muscle activation.
[Subjects] The subjects of this experimental study were 14 healthy women in their 20s who normally wear shoes with high heels.
[Methods] The subjects were asked to place their shoes on an accelerator pedal with the heel touching the floor and then asked to press the pedal with as much pressure as possible for 3 seconds before removing their feet from the pedal. A total of 3 measurements were taken for each heel height (flat, 5 cm, 7 cm), and the heel height was randomly selected.
[Results] The levels of muscle activity, indicated as the percentage of reference voluntary contraction, for gastrocnemius muscle in the flat, 5 cm, and 7 cm shoes were 180.8±61.8%, 285.4±122.3%, and 366.2±193.7%, respectively, and there were significant differences between groups. Those for the soleus muscle were 477.3±209.2%, 718.8±380.5%, and 882.4±509.9%, and there were significant differences between groups.
[Conclusion] To summarize the results of this study, it was found that female drivers require greater lower extremity muscle activation when wearing high heels than when wearing low heels. Furthermore, instability and muscle fatigue of the ankle joint, which results from wearing high heels on a daily basis, could also occur while driving.
Metatarsal pain, exacerbation of existing conditions such as bunions and bunionettes, neuromas, capsulitis, balance problems, and ingrown toenails, calluses, and corns are among the common heel-related problems seen by Grace Torres-Hodges, DPM, in her private practice in Pensacola, FL.


Amuzu is the Canadian secretary of the Society of St. Peter the Apostle, which is part of the Pontifical Mission Societies that supports seminaries and priestly vocations in mission dioceses throughout the world. He receives dozens of e-mails and letters from bishops in developing regions, like Africa and Asia, who have nothing to give to their priests.
In preparation for the Extraordinary Missionary Month in October 2019, Amuzu and English national director Fr. Alex Osei hope to bring the chalice sponsorship program to the Canadian Church.
A donation of $425 purchases a gold chalice and paten with an enamel logo of the Mission Societies. Donors could also have their names or their loved ones' names engraved so that the priest that receives the chalice is able to pray for them every time he celebrates Mass.
Church law requires the vessels in which the Body and Blood of Christ are consecrated to be gold or silver.
In mission dioceses where budgets are already very limited, bishops cannot send out priests to ministry without these fundamental tools.
Amuzu likes to deliver these chalices in person. Packaged deliveries often get lost in transit as the precious metals attract thieves. Instead, he often delivers the chalices, plus some donated vestments, ciboriums and other Mass essentials, during the annual Pontifical Mission Societies meeting in May.
The national directors of the Pontifical Mission Societies are then able to deliver the materials in time for ordination season in June to August.
Last year, Amuzu delivered 22 chalices and 18 have already been sent out this year. He said there is also a growing demand for vestments and other church supplies, so he has begun contacting diocesan archives offices to see if they have some in storage.
For those who wish to participate in the chalice program, Amuzu invited people to visit missionsocieties.ca.


With just one week before the most-awaited World Cup game (India Vs. Pakistan), team India's losing streak continues. After a four month long tour of Australia, team is yet to taste a victory. So was the case today against Australia in a World Cup warm-up match in Adelaide.
David Warner and Glenn Maxwell struck blistering centuries as Australia flexed their batting muscles to expose defending champion India's bowling limitations. Opting to bat first, Australia piled up 371 in 48.2 overs and bowled out India for 265 in a dominant display to explain why they are being considered as favorites for the World Cup.
Warner set the tempo for the first half of the Australian innings with a 80 balls century. And Maxwell accelerated later, reaching his hundred from just 53 balls – the second 50 coming from only 19 deliveries. Maxwell rushed on to 122, retiring after hitting three consecutive sixes to Umesh Yadav in a 27 run huge over.
India had a scare when Mohammad Shami left the field with a split webbing but returned soon after to resume bowling. India bowled well enough late in the innings to prevent Australia reaching 400 (not to forget Maxwell Retired himself otherwise the kind of form that he was displaying 450 was always on cards 😀 ). After his savage welcome at Warner's hands, Shami recovered strongly to dismiss George Bailey (44), Mitchell Johnson (19) and Pat Cummings (5) to finish with 3-83.
Their batting on a good track could not offer much relief, however, with only Shikhar Dhawan (59), Ajinkya Rahane (66) and Ambati Rayudu (53) managing to impress. Batting mainstay, Virat Kohli dragged a Mitchell Starc delivery onto his stumps and the Australian nonchalantly took a one-handed blinder on the edge of the boundary to dismiss India captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni for a golden duck. While Rahane and Dhawan were together, in a 104-run partnership for the third wicket, India were scoring at just behind the run rate needed to threaten Australia's total.
But, when both were out within 15 runs between the 25th and 29th overs, India's challenge faltered. India captain MS Dhoni suffered the indignity of a first-ball duck caught by Mitchell Starc from the bowling of Pat Cummins, one ball after Suresh Raina was run out, to effectively end India's bid for a drought-breaking win. Ambati Rayudu made 53 as India's last hope but he was out at 254-8 in the 42 over, with 118 still needed for victory.
Dhoni said he was still looking for the final 11 players for next Sunday's tournament opener against Pakistan. "It's a very long tournament and what we have seen is the team that does well is the one that comes from the bottom and slowly picks up momentum," he added.
Now, all eyes are on the all important World Cup Opener for team India. Hope they stick to their words… #WeWon'tGiveItBack!


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There's a reason why many home buyers dream of owning a new home in California – because life's better by the beach! And with plenty of hot August days left on the calendar, you're probably chomping at the bit to find somewhere new to lather on the sunscreen and soak up some rays.
But don't think we've forgotten about you folk in the Denver and Phoenix real estate markets. We understand that not every beach shares a shoreline with the ocean. Some of America's finest toes-in-the-sand destinations are gorgeous mountain or desert lakes.
Consider yourself an aficionado of swimming, boating and camping? Get ready to fall in love with the Boulder Reservoir. Offering 700+ acres of recreational facilities under a stunning backdrop, it's the Colorado lifestyle of legends.
Residents of San Jose know that the central coast California beaches have got that special X-factor that sets them apart from the famed southern shores. Santa Cruz, Carmel, Monterey, Big Sur. They're all just a short drive down the coast away.
In the East Bay, Benecia is a waterfront paradise for boating, fishing and swimming.
Spanning 18,000+ acres, Folsom Lake offers a beach for every taste. Camping, boating, picnics and jet-skis, you'll find it all.
LA County – Torrance Beach is an awesome choice when you're looking for the quintessential So Cal beach experience without all the tourists! A perfect spot for finding your own quiet slice of paradise to build a sandcastle in peace.
Orange County – Capistrano Beach is the perfect destination for roasting weenies over open flames in your flip-flops. 5 fire rings are available on a first-come, first-served basis.
San Diego County – Close your eyes and imagine the Southern California beach experience of your dreams. That image in your head? It's Oceanside. Hurry to visit Cottages at St. Cloud and tour close to the beach San Diego County townhomes.


Save $300 with coupon code KMIX300!
If you have been hesitant to make the switch to digital, now is the time with this affordable and easy to use board from Behringer.
Behringer X32 digital audio mixing board - 32 channels Offers today's technology at a price available to anyone.
Onboard virtual FX Rack provides access to eight true-stereo, multi-effects processors (16 mono) including delay, chorus, dynamics plus it has a compressor and 4-band parametric EQ on every channel! A built-in high resolution color LCD control screen lets you quickly and easily make changes to your mix without digging through complicated menus. Each input and output channel strip features its own color backlit 128 x 64 graphic LCD, which provides vital channel information at-a-glance. Save multiple mixes for easy recall with the press of a button. The motorized faders will automatically move to the saved settings for you! You can also download for free an app to use your iPad« to control the mixer from remote locations, no host computer needed. Put all of the features of this mixer right at the tips of your fingertips! Your church soundman will love the ease of use and multiple options this digital board provides! If you have been hesitant to make the switch to digital, now is the time with this affordable and easy to use board from Behringer.
6 Matrix buses, and 16 mix buses each featuring inserts, parametric EQs, and full dynamic processing. Plus, 8 DCA and 6 mute groups.
Virtual FX rack featuring 8 true-stereo FX slots including high-end simulations such as Lexicon 480L and PCM70, EMT250, and Quantec QRS, etc.
These Midas-designed preamps are of the highest quality in this class of digital mixer.
You can manually control the faders or have presets in place so all you have to do is select the preset and the fader will move into position. Also, scene management presets lets you save the universal settings on the board at any given time and recall it at the later one.
The USB 2.0 audio interface connects to your DAW, or recording software, of choice.
The X32, Behringer Digital Snake boxes, and the Behringer Powerplay system are all built to work in unison.
The Midas designed pre-amps in the X32 will give you terrific audio quality, far above any other digital mixer in this price range.
With motorized faders and scene mangement together, you can save multiple "universe" settings on the board for the worship team, plays, and different events. With the motorized faders, if the soundman is out, all you have to do is recall the scene for "morning worship" and the board moves itself in the proper settings for your Sunday morning service.
The soundman can sit with their family or friends during worship, be part of the congregation, and still control the mixer from their iPad or iPhone.
There is no need for a separate external audio capture device with the X32. Just plug in the USB audio interface connection to your computer, and you have the full mix pumped into your computer and software of choice.
There is no need for an extra LCD monitor cluttering up your soundbooth with the X32. The monitor is built in!
All of the benefits of a digital snake and personal monitoring system are readily available to you with the X32. Easily begin using the Behringer Digital Snake or Powerplay system by connecting them with the X32 over just a few pieces of CAT-5 cable.


Our friend Heidi recently returned from a long trip around the world and gave us so many wonderful photos of stained glass from France, Scotland and Ireland. In this photo, the red sword in hand is an Irish Christian symbol, so we're guessing this gorgeous window is from an old church in Ireland.
Colored light shining through windows in sacred places, rich in beauty and meaning, is an experience that never tires. This is true for the devout, for the historian and for the art lover. Thank you, Heidi!


The pupil premium is additional funding for schools in England to raise the attainment of disadvantaged pupils and close the gap between them and their peers. The funding is based upon the number of pupils within the school who are eligible and register for Free School Meals.
Continue to fund our Learning Mentor for 15 hours, to enable her to support families and children with problems outside the classroom that are impacting on their learning.
Fund some extended school places for those families struggling to get their children to school on time, provide breakfast at home or have circumstances at home which mean the child would benefit from accessing the extended school provision.
Resource and provide 1 to 1 phonics support for those children falling behind.
Provide financial support to disadvantaged families to enable all of our children to join in with schools trips and the residential week.
Provide financial support to those children wishing to learn a musical instrument.
Attendance is very good and at one point was highest in the Shropshire.
Relationships with parents is good – they seek the support of and work well with the Learning Mentor.
Our internal tracking shows that most disadvantaged pupils and those eligible for FSM make progress in line with or better than those not eligible.
Numbers are usually low and the cohorts small so that attainment statistics often relate to just one or two children and where one child achieves in line with expectations and the other does not it will indicate that 50% make expected progress, when in fact this was only one child.
In 2015 there were 3 disadvantaged children in KS1 and they performed better than the non- disadvantaged children in our school but they performed slightly below other pupils nationally.
The two disadvantaged children in KS2 progress was generally in line with National Average, although better that the National Average in terms of achieving more than expected progress in Reading and Writing. However the overall Value Added for these two pupils was low (96.6), below that of other pupils (98.7).


Verapat Pariyawong interviewed by BBC World News on Thai politics following the impeachment of former Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra.
Insights on Thailand is a weekly newsletter with commentary and selected updates on Thailand from Verapat Pariyawong, Visiting Scholar at SOAS, University of London.
Comments are welcomed via @NewVerapat or verapat@post.harvard.edu.
The military regime in Thailand continues to attract criticisms even from international experts invited to speak at a recent junta-supervised event attended by foreign diplomats in Bangkok. Many Thais also share the same concerns, although they are forbidden from expressing critical views. Further, as reminded this week by the Wall Street Journal, the regime's ongoing attempts to prevent former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra and his allies from taking power again even if they win elections will only destroy the possibility of any consensus building within the Thai society.
Such climate can only hampers the quality, if any, of the constitutional making process that is underway; the result of which is likely to generate further political conflicts despite the outcome of 2016 election promised by the regime.
Martial law has brought calm but not peace to Thailand's febrile politics. The military regime's stifling of dissent precludes a frank dialogue on the kingdom's future and could lead to greater turmoil than that which brought about the May 2014 coup.
The 22 May coup demonstrated the failure of the 2006 coup and subsequent governments to address the factors underpinning Thailand's protracted conflict. More than ever, the society is riven across regional, ethnic and quasi-ideological lines, by deep income inequality and by a difficult relationship between Bangkok and its peripheries.
At the heart of the turmoil is not only a political struggle but disagreement over what constitutes legitimate authority, with some regarding the popular ballot as paramount and others regarding majoritarianism as another form of tyranny, requiring strong checks and balances by the establishment. In the background, a looming royal succession – prohibited by law from being discussed – adds to the uncertainty.
To achieve its stated goal of establishing a durable democracy, the NCPO must encourage the development of a national dialogue, provide for meaningful political participation of all and reach out particularly to those in the North and North East who believe they have been serially disenfranchised by the Bangkok establishment. Failure to do so risks an eventual clash between the army and protesters, such as those that resulted from the 1991 and 2006 coups.
Unlike previous military coups in Thailand, which have been followed by the appointment of a civilian government and fresh elections, the country's new strongman is playing a more worrying game. The 36-member committee appointed by the junta in November appears to be to prevent allies of former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra from taking power again, even if they take elections.
Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha has defended the government's decision to block the website of the Thai branch of Human Rights Watch, saying the page has been barred because it breached rules on national security.
While the military government has succeeded in stabilizing the economy, the growth momentum is still weak. Rajiv Biswas, Asia-Pacific Chief Economist at the analytics firm HIS stated in an interview with Deutsche Welle: 'Thailand faces an increasingly competitive regional landscape in ASEAN…Therefore, if Thailand pursues more protectionist policies that increase the hurdles for foreign businesses".
The author comments that major Thai banks are following Thai companies in focusing on neighboring countries such as Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam for investment. "Expanding in foreign markets where we are not familiar has some risks. But if our clients go first and we follow them, this will help reduce some risks" said the executive vice president of Bangkok Bank.
May's coup has only stemmed the bleeding caused by months of political turmoil as Thailand is set to remain the slowest-growing economy in Southeast Asia through 2016. Early drafts of the military's plan for returning power to civilians suggest that political reforms will be designed not to heal Thailand's divides, but to ensure that followers of exiled former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra cannot return to power through elections.
Thailand's return to democracy is not yet in sight as senior members of the military government signaled with the news that the elections initially promised in 2015 could be delayed until as late as 2016. This looks particularly grim when the comments came from two ministers, one in charge of security, and another in charge of economy.
Spreading anti-coup leaflets continues to be seen as a cause for arrest and the Thailand page of Human Rights Watch poses enough threat to be blocked by the junta. No real positive progress has been made six months after the coup as the junta are working to ensure that there remains a climate of fear, or as one blogger called it the perils of different thoughts.
On the economic front, the World Bank has predicted that Thailand would remain the slowest-growing economy in South-East Asia till 2016 (see pages 153-156 of this report). While there may be efforts by the junta for short term push, the long term negative effect on investment and economic growth will be felt. Morgan Stanley for instance noted that companies are now looking to expand elsewhere.
Much uncertainly awaits in the coming weeks as the junta-appointed National Assembly is set to deliberate whether or not to engage in a bizarre retroactive impeachment of former Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra. Also full of speculation is the sensational cleaning up of a high-level corruption ring alleged to have falsely claimed links to the royal palace, and who knows where this story might lead us to next.
In an exclusive BBC interview, Thai Finance Minister Sommai Phasee says that democratic elections could be delayed by another 18 months.
A Thai general election planned for next year will be delayed until 2016, Deputy Prime Minister Prawit Wongsuwan said Thursday.
The Thai government has blocked direct access to the Thailand page of the Human Rights Watch (HRW) website after receiving harsh criticism from the organisation.
Thailand's military government is severely repressing fundamental rights and freedoms six months after its May 22, 2014 coup. The ruling National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) has shown no genuine signs of restoring democratic civilian rule.
Eight student activists, including a student who was arrested for giving the anti-coup three-fingered salute at the Hunger Games 3 premiere last week, were arrested after they distributed anti-coup leaflets at Thammasat University, Tha Prachan campus.
South East Asia experts at SOAS University of London shared views at an event The Land of Smiles Under Martial Law: Thailand Six Months On, hosted by the the Centre of South East Asian Studies.
Thailand expert Professor Duncan McCargo and Crisis Group Chief Policy Officer Jonathan Prentice and also joined by Verapat Pariyawong shared their views on Thailand on a panel hosted by the Henry Jackson Society held at the British Parliament.
Insights on Thailand is a newsletter with commentary and selected updates on Thailand.


Next to early spring, late summer is my favorite season. The colors are golden, tomatoes are warm and ripe and the summer corn is yellow and sweet. The fragrance of summer wildflowers still permeate the air. The nights in Vermont are cool for sleeping, but the days can be quite warm. This season is short, only a few weeks long, but it is a significant time of year. Yellow school buses are on the roads and people are returning to work after vacations. Life is returning to an ordered routine. We are glad to have a little structure back into our lives. We may experience a weather phenomenon called indian summer. This usually occurs after one killing frost, the day will be warm and hazy with temperatures in the 70's and 80's. Yellow jackets are still flying around going after the sweetness of rotten apples that fell from the trees. Lest we forget, this is also the time that cluster flies and lady bugs magically appear from nowhere. I looked up the history of the term "indian summer". Early New England settlers faced indian attacks throughout the summer and the attacks usually abated when the weather turned cool. Indian summer was a time when, after the attacks ceased , they began again for the few weeks of warmer weather.
The late summer is a time of transition from the yang and the outwardness of summer toward the inward introspection of the yin. This time of year is associated with the earth element in Chinese medicine. The earth is our home, our womb and our tomb. Centering ourselves is important during this time of transition. Elton Haas MD, in his book "Staying Healthy with the Seasons", uses the analogy of a three dimensional cross to explain centering. The vertical line connects the brain to the body, a horizontal line connects right brain to the left brain, making sure that the left brain is aware of the right brain and the front to back tran- sectional line represents our connection as human beings to nature. The convergence of these lines represents centering. Centering is important tp good body health. If your left and right brain are balanced, exercising both logic and intuition, you will have better mental health. When your mind and body are connected, through meditation and good food, you are more likely to fight off disease. If your connection to nature is strong, you are more likely to understand good health.
Many of us have lost the ability to access our right brain because everything is done for us and the right brain rarely gets exercise. It is important to exercise your intuition and creativity to strengthen your right brain.
The autumnal equinox occurs September 22 this year and is the official beginning of fall. At this time the earth is not tilted either toward or away from the sun. In every part of the world, the length of the day is the same.
During this transition time, our diets still include some of our summer harvest such as berries grapes and tomatoes. We now need to include things that will build the body and nourish the gut. We will add dairy, fermented foods such as sauerkraut and kimchee during this season and later add meat.
After the autumnal equinox the coming of shorter days becomes more obvious and we prepare ourselves for the strongest yin season, winter.
If you have a specific medical question for Audrey von Lepel MD, please contact her at her office. The contact feature on our website is not intended to relay sensitive medical information and is not secure for that purpose. Dr. von Lepel will not respond to specific medical questions via this website.


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IAM Objects to Voice Calls on Airplanes
The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) submitted comments regarding the DOT's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) concerning the "protection of passengers from being unwillingly exposed to inflight voice calls." The DOT seeks comment on whether to prohibit airlines from allowing passengers to make voice calls from wireless mobile devices on domestic and/or international flights and its proposal to require the sellers of air transportation to provide adequate advance notice to passengers if the carrier operating the flight allows voice calls on wireless mobile devices.
"Flight attendants already have the great responsibility of securing the safety of the flying public," said General Vice President Sito Pantoja. "They are the last line of security onboard an aircraft, making their jobs harder is dangerous and wrongheaded."
The IAM asked the DOT to consider the stress and distractions flight attendants would undoubtedly encounter by permitting inflight voice calls. It's inevitable that flight attendants will have to neutralize cabin situations caused by hostility between passengers stemming from inflight voice calls. The use of inflight cell phones may also pose additional security risks. Potentially, terrorists aboard a single or multiple aircrafts could use this new capability to communicate with each other about the movement and vulnerability of crewmembers or to even initiate a coordinated attack.


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Drugs used for euthanasia: a repeated population-based mortality follow-back study in Flanders, Belgium, 1998 - 2013.
- According to guideline recommendations, barbiturates and neuromuscular relaxants are the recommended drugs for euthanasia.
- To describe changes over time in drugs used to perform euthanasia and differences in case characteristics according to the drugs used.
- Repeated population-based mortality follow-back study among physicians attending a large representative sample of deaths in 1998, 2007 and 2013 in Flanders, Belgium.
- In 1998 we identified 25 euthanasia cases (1.2% of all deaths), 142 cases in 2007 (2.0% of all deaths), and 349 cases in 2013 (4.6% of all deaths). Use of recommended drugs to perform euthanasia increased from 11.9% of euthanasia cases in 1998 to 55.3% in 2007 and 66.8% in 2013 (P<.001). In 2013, cases with recommended drugs compared to non-recommended drugs more often involved requests expressed both orally and in writing (86.8%/14.1%, P<.001), consultation with colleague physicians (93.8%/69.1%, P<.001), and administration in the presence of another physician (98.3%/54.3%, P<.001), and were more often self-labelled by physicians as euthanasia (95.5%/0.9%, P<.001) and reported to the euthanasia review committee (92.3%/3.8%, P<.001). Between 2007 and 2013, physicians consistently labelled cases in which non-recommended drugs were used as palliative sedation (72.8%/78.4%, P=.791) or alleviation of pain and symptoms (13.2%/15.0%, P>.999).
- Physicians in Flanders are increasingly using the recommended drugs for euthanasia. This suggests that guidelines and training regarding the conduct and pharmacological aspects of euthanasia have had important effects on the practice of euthanasia. However, the declining but persisting use of non-recommended drugs requires further attention. Guidelines and training regarding the conduct and pharmacological aspects of euthanasia may have had important effects on the practice of euthanasia. The declining but persisting use of non-recommended drugs requires further attention.


An eye-opening documentary explaining the concept of sacred seed within the ultra-Orthodox Hasidic Jewish community which considers new life pure if born of "sacred seed". Filmmaker and narrator Ori Gruder expresses hope that the film would help ultra-Orthodox Jews become better understood. "It's a first look into a keyhole that needs to be opened more," he said. Judaism expert Menachem Friedman said this film offers a unique window into the ultra-Orthodox world. "It is about a very intimate subject which nobody talks about".


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Elon Musk says he doesn't use flight attendants in apparent denial of sexual-harassment allegation against him
Elon Musk said on Monday that he doesn't use flight attendants on his plane, in what appears to be part of his denial of sexual-harassment allegations made against him.
Insider's Rich McHugh reported last week that Musk's SpaceX paid a SpaceX flight attendant $250,000 in 2018 after she said Musk exposed himself and propositioned her for sex two years prior.
SpaceX President and COO Gwynne Shotwell defended Musk after the report, saying in a companywide email last week: "Personally, I believe the allegations to be false; not because I work for Elon, but because I have worked closely with him for 20 years and never seen nor heard anything resembling these allegations." Read more »
Previous Manchester City produces stunning comeback to secure English Premier League title on dramatic final day
Next Meta's top engineer becomes the third senior executive to step down this month


Gas chromatographs (GCs) detect materials at molecular level by preparing a sample of the material that is "carried" on a gas stream into the GC. The carrier gas flow stream is sent into small capillary flow tubes and then into detectors to sense and quantify the suspected materials.
These carrier and capillary flow rates are critical to the correct performance of the gas chromatograph. The flow rates and pressures through the various gas flow paths vary by manufacturer's specifications.
other device with serial terminal capability.
These multiple features, built into one, compact, portable instrument, give you an invaluable tool for the verification of GC operation.