text:
Land Diagrams and twinned studies
Land Diagrams, my other WordPress site, is an ongoing cross-disciplinary series of 'twinned studies', in which two high profile writers respond to the same land-based image without consulting each other. I've just published an article in Cultural Geographies called Land Diagrams: the new twinned studies, which partly discusses interdisciplinary approaches and histories of diagrammatic thought. I was concerned with intersections across geography, philosophy, anthropology, cartography, semiology, and information graphics – with texts such as Studies in Diagrammatology and Diagram Praxis (eds. Pombo and Gerner), Redrawing Anthropology: Materials, Movements, Lines (ed. Tim Ingold), Spatial Organization: The Geographer's View of the World (Abler, Adams, and Gould), and Gillian Rose's Visual Methodologies. Gillian's visual/method/culture website is also a useful resource, and Sage have a new four volume set on Visual Methods, if you can get your hands on it.
The ekphrastic encounters of Land Diagrams are part of a more particular extra-disciplinary tradition (see David Kennedy's new book, The Ekphrastic Encounter in Contemporary British Poetry and Elsewhere, 2012). In recent poetry, Claire Potter's 'diagrammatised' poems are of interest, available in the second issue of VLAK: Contemporary Poetics and the Arts – while a recent interview she gave on the topic for Black Rider explicitly refers to the poem-infograph as participatory, 'as though the filaments linking the poem and the reader were displayed as such'. Gertrude Stein's diagramming of sentences in her carnet and her essay 'Poetry and Grammar' is described as a 'machine-in-the-making' by Gabrielle Dean (Grid Games: Gertrude Stein's Diagrams and Detectives). Shearsman have recently published David Greenslade's Lyrical Diagrams and have a sample of the PDF online. Greenslade has also written a piece for Junction Box, Diagrams – A Mythic Proposition, touching on Hephaestus, the engineer of the gods, and presenting the idea of the diagram as his 'invisible net that captures objects', as well as making a comparison to the net-like infrastructures of assembled complex objects such as wiring systems, plumbing systems, space stations, and air conditioning. Also of interest are book designer Colin Sackett's small press reworkings of pedagogical and geographical texts such as Nature in Downland, the Beaufort Scale of Wind Force, The Land of Britain, etc., as well as his collections of marginalia and diagrams, like the little The True Line: The Landscape Diagrams of Geoffrey Hutchings, reviewed by Some Landscapes here and coincidentally on CG here. Colin's reworking of Map and Photo Reading Answer Book is particularly visually apt, online here, with its use of the relics of earlier notations of landscape. Douglas Oliver's The Diagram Poems, which I have briefly written about here on Intercapillary Space, is a series of 'maps of raids' or knitting patterns, as Ralph Hawkins points out in an earlier review which samples several of the images. I've also been – in a very minor way – experimenting with using old Forestry Commission diagrams, related to my PhD research on British forests and literature, which resulted in the chapbook SUCKERS, profiled here as part of the Lex-ICON colloquium and online project.
Land Diagrams was partly a response to thought about the limited approaches of interdisciplinarity and its rhetoric in preparation for a Landscape Surgery forum I ran in May called 'In-Betweenness: cross-disciplinary research'. Several Land Diagrams are now forthcoming (and are perhaps a little overdue). Suggestions for images, or for contributors, will be welcomed!
Royal Holloway's Geography department have also just created a website documenting Landscape Surgery's earlier Visualising Geography project, eight collaborative projects between artists and geographers, called 'Landing'.
Colin Sackett's About (2009) is designed with the cover of a school exercise book, and each page reworks original illustrations and text from the 'Notes to the Plates' in J. A. Steers' visual survey, The Coast of England and Wales in Pictures (1960).
One Response to "Land Diagrams and twinned studies"
[…] examples of successful collaborations were also talked through, including Amy Cutler's Land Diagrams Project, In a paper assessing the outcomes of early Land Diagrams, Cutler emphasizes that […]
The First Meeting | Poets and Landscape Workers: A Collaboration said this on May 3, 2013 at 3:58 pm | Reply


text:
A tail is the section at the rear end of an animal's body, a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso.

Tail or tails may also refer to:

Science and technology
 Tails (operating system) or The Amnesic Incognito Live System, a Linux distribution designed for anonymity and privacy
 Tail (Unix), a Unix program used to display the last few lines of a file
 Tail, one of the extreme ends of a probability density function
 Terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates
Poly-A tail, part of a mature mRNA

Entertainment
 Tails (album), an album by Lisa Loeb
 Tails (Sonic the Hedgehog), a character in the Sonic the Hedgehog video games and comics
 Tail, a character in the Kaiketsu Zorori movie

Other uses
 Tails, the reverse side of a coin
 Tailcoat or its rear section, a type of coat/suit used for evening dress
 Tail, the final batsmen in the batting order for cricket
 Fee tail or tail, an obsolescent term in common law
 Jabot (window), a kind of soft window treatment

See also
 Aircraft tail, the empennage of an aircraft
 Comet tail, a visible part of a comet
 Tail recursion, a type of recursion in computer programming
 Tail rotor, a small vertical propeller mounted at the rear of a helicopter
 Tailing (disambiguation)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Get value of specific attribute via XPath I'm looking to extract some data of a website using XPath with PHP. Here is an example of page: http://www.education.gouv.fr/annuaire/49-maine-et-loire/cholet/lycee/lycee-polyvalent-europe-robert-schuman.html
I managed to get different informations I was looking for except one. The href attribute of the "Site Internet" link (the third link of three in the middle of the page).
The Xpath of this node is :
//*[@id="contenu"]/div[1]/div[5]/div[1]/div[5]/ul/li[3]/a

And I know that to get the value of an attribute we need to add @attribute, so I tried:
//*[@id="contenu"]/div[1]/div[5]/div[1]/div[5]/ul/li[3]/a@href

But it doesn't work, it's just showing me the text "Site internet".
Can you help me please ? Thanks.

A: To get the href value of a link, it's a/@href.
So your query would then be:
//*[@id="contenu"]/div[1]/div[5]/div[1]/div[5]/ul/li[3]/a/@href

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to restart a python script when it crashes but doesn't die? I have a Python script that needs to be running continuously on a linux server, it connects to a webSocket and retrieve a realtime feed of data.
After a dozens of hours, the script crashes but doesn't exit, it displays an error message about losing connection to the server and I have to manually Ctrl+C and run it again.
I am looking for a way to automatically (instantly) restart the python script once it crashes, how can one achieve this ?
Edit : this is the message I get when the script crashes
Server disconnected.
disconnect handler error
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/engineio/client.py", line 496, in _trigger_event
    return self.handlers[event](*args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/socketio/client.py", line 632, in _handle_eio_disconnect
    self._trigger_event('disconnect', namespace=n)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/socketio/client.py", line 550, in _trigger_event
    return self.handlers[namespace][event](*args)
  File "python_script.py", line 29, in on_disconnect
    quit()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/_sitebuiltins.py", line 26, in __call__
    raise SystemExit(code)
SystemExit: None

Here is the on_disconnect class parameter code :
@socketio_client.on('disconnect', namespace='/streaming')
def on_disconnect():
    print('Server disconnected.')
    quit()

I think I may have to call an external script to start a new instance of the python script.


Oh my goodness, what a week! It was seriously down to the wire getting everything ready and I could really go for a nap right about now, but I am so excited to share with you the final result!
I brought in purples and blues with pillows, art, and other accessories. The fact that all the big pieces are neutral in color, makes the space versatile and will allow us to very easily switch out the colors whenever the mood strikes.
We also added a black vintage-inspired ceiling light fixture which was custom made by a fellow small business.
Gallery wall around the TV finally finished!
The dining space probably went through the biggest transformation. It's now welcoming and ready for guests.
The old Ikea shelving unit that we had, got a little makeover with the addition of legs, doors, and greek key panels. I also added bins to keep it organized inside.
What do you think? I hope you love the space as much as I do. Thank you so much for following along and cheering me on throughout these past six weeks!
Big thank you to Linda, the creator and organizer behind the One Room Challenge, for including me this season. I enjoyed the journey and I am delighted with the result.
Big thank you also to my husband who helped me on weekends and evenings with most of the assembling, installing, hanging, etc.


text:
Taking on Operation Dawn: The Creeping Advance of the Islamic State in Western Libya
Frederic Wehrey
Ala' Alrababa'h
As the Islamic State establishes a foothold in the ongoing war in Libya, it attempts to peel away disenchanted groups from established parties as it did in Syria.
Even as it is battling rival jihadist movements in eastern Libya, the extremist group known as the Islamic State is trying to expand its influence in the west of the country. Here, it confronts a different social and political landscape. The western and central region has historically been a less fertile ground for the growth of jihadism than the eastern cities of Derna, Benghazi, and the Green Mountains—but in return, it is held by more powerful and deeply entrenched militias, particularly those from the coastal city of Misrata.
The spread of the extremist group in Libya in 2015 has played out against the backdrop of civil war, with the Islamic State taking on all sides at once. In the west, it faces Operation Dawn, a loose alliance of Misratan, ethnic Amazigh (Berber), Islamist, and other western militias that have set up a self-declared National Salvation Government in Tripoli and revived the remnants of the General National Congress (GNC), Libya's parliament. In the east, it faces a similarly fragmented coalition of militia, tribal, and military forces led by the Benghazi-based Lieutenant General Khalifa Hifter under the banner of Operation Dignity. Hifter's forces, which include some former regime elements, are aligned with a rival parliamentary body, the internationally recognized House of Representatives, which is based in Tobruk in northeastern Libya.
Both sides in the civil war are supported by rival foreign governments, with the United Arab Emirates and Egypt having supported Operation Dignity with weapons, funds, advisers, and air strikes, while Qatar and Turkey have backed Operation Dawn. There are recent indications that the proxy dimension of the Dignity-Dawn conflict may be fading, although it remains unclear whether any lessening of external support is enough to force the warring factions on the ground to compromise.
It is into this complex and fratricidal war that the Islamic State has now stepped, seeking to establish itself as a third force that can peel away disenchanted elements of both sides, while betting on the weakness and disunity of its rivals.
The Rise of the Islamic State in Libya
The first Libyan faction of the Islamic State was started by veterans returning home from the Syrian war, who organized within what was known as the Islamic Youth Shura Council in the northeastern town of Derna. In autumn and winter 2014, this group transformed itself into an official wing of the Islamic State. But the group has run into resistance in Derna, where it recently suffered severe losses against rival jihadi groups.
In 2015, however, the Islamic State has expanded to control areas in central Libya, including Sirte and Harawa. From these areas it is seeking to push both west and east. Islamic State fighters are now present in Noufaliya, Bin Jawad, and other parts of the so-called Oil Crescent, a region clustered with oil fields, pipelines, refineries, and coastal export terminals that stretches east from Sirte in central Libya to Benghazi in the northeast. This offers the jihadist group opportunities for economic disruption through attacks on oil facilities. It also allows the Islamic State to recruit from local tribes, many of whom have been marginalized by Misratan militias that moved into the Sirte area during the 2011 war to overthrow former Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi.
Simultaneously, the Islamic State is attacking Misrata and Islamist factions in Tripoli, further west of Sirte. These attacks serve several purposes: the group apparently hopes to provoke splits between Misrata and the Operation Dawn camp, while also kindling internal quarrels among Misratans over the prioritization of resources, and enticing some of the more radical Islamists in the Operation Dawn camp into Islamic State ranks. It is a divide-and-conquer strategy that the Islamic State has applied to great effect against Islamist militias in Syria and that it now seems to be repeating in Libya.
Exploiting Grievances in the Sirte Basin
As the ancestral home region of Muammar Qaddafi, Sirte, which controls the main road between eastern and western Libya, was the last major city to fall to anti-Qaddafi forces from Misrata in 2011. Since then, the city has been seething with tribal resentment and lawlessness. Local tribes like the Furjan, Gaddadfa, and Magharba, many of them formerly supportive of Qaddafi, reportedly chafed under Misratan tutelage. This made Sirte fertile ground for extremists.
Having co-opted local forces and smaller militias, the Islamic State formally announced its presence in Sirte through a military parade in February 2015. Militia leaders in Misrata were slow to recognize the problems posed by the Islamic State's burgeoning presence in Sirte, preferring to deal with the radical jihadi groups through mediation.
When these efforts failed, the Misratans deployed Brigade 166, a privately funded Misratan militia, along with elements of the Third Force and other militias that had previously been fighting Operation Dignity for control over the oil terminals at Ras Lanuf and Sidr. The Misratans encircled Sirte but were unabled to dislodge the Islamic State. Brigade 166 had wagered that the GNC would support it financially and send reinforcements, but according to Uqayla al-Kaabi, a field commander of Brigade 166, this GNC aid never materialized and his unit had to withdraw.
Instead, the Islamic State expanded its presence to key strategic sites in the city and its environs. Islamic State fighters have taken over the al-Ghardabiya airport and the group also claims to have occupied the local stretch of the Great Man Made River, a gigantic system of water pipelines built throughout Libya in the Qaddafi era. Most recently, the group announced that it has taken over the Sirte power plant from Brigade 166. This reportedly gives the Islamic State control over the whole of Sirte.
While battling the Misratans for control of Sirte, the Islamic State also set its sights on Harawa, a neighboring town to the east. The Islamic State was able to enter the town, but not without fierce fighting against the Awlad Suleiman tribe. The Islamic State reportedly lost one of its most prominent local commanders, Ali Qaim al-Qarqai (better known as Abu Humam al-Libi) in March, but eventually subdued tribal resistance and seized control of the town. It then reportedly executed some residents of Harawa after they refused to pledge allegiance to the Islamic State's self-proclaimed caliph, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
With the Sirte-Harawa region slipping out of their control, the forces of Awlad Suleiman and Brigade 166 were forced to withdraw to Jufra. Having by then emerged as the locally dominant force, the Islamic State fighters began absorbing local fighters. They have reportedly been joined by Osama Jadhran, who is the brother of Ibrahim Jadhran, commander of the Petroleum Facilities Guard that fights alongside Operation Dignity.
Prodding the Misratans
While consolidating its hold on Sirte and pushing east into the Oil Crescent, the Islamic State has also kept up attacks on the city of Misrata itself, west of Sirte. Between April and May, the Islamic State sent several suicide bombers—many of them foreigners, especially Tunisians—to attack checkpoints in and around the city.
Misratan operations against the Islamic State are complicated by a number of political and material factors. Misratan commanders maintain that their retreat from Sirte was due to a lack of support from their Operation Dawn allies in Tripoli. They have repeatedly sought military assistance from the United States and its allies, whcih they hope will give them a technical edge over the Islamic State, like satellite intelligence, mine detectors, armored vehicles, and night- vision goggles. Land mines in and around Sirte appear to be a particularly potent threat.
Manpower is another issue. Although Misratan militias field many thousands of fighters, they say they are overstretched on three fronts: to the west and southwest of Tripoli, in the central Sirte basin, and to the south in Jufra and Sabha.
Misratan militias seem to be growing more concerned with the threat from the Islamic State to their east. A new faction, the Operation Room of Misrata's Revolutionary Fighters, was recently formed to defend the city from attacks by the Islamic State. It has instituted a curfew, controls on foreigners, and several other measures to control the city. In addition, Operation Dawn fighter aircraft based in Misrata are reported to have attacked Islamic State positions in Sirte, although air strikes alone cannot block the Islamic State's forces.
Peeling Away Misrata from Operation Dawn
In focusing its attacks on Misrata factions and Islamist actors, the Islamic State seeks to provoke fissures and debates over resource distribution and priorities within the Misrata bloc, as well as between Misrata groups and their Operation Dawn allies in Tripoli.
The idea may be that if the weight of Misrata's militias can be forced to seek aid from Operation Dignity, accelerating the spread of local Dignity-Dawn ceasefires that are currently taking place in parts of western Libya, the remaining hard-liners and Islamists in Operation Dawn will feel they have no choice but to join with the Islamic State. The same strategy has previously been applied to great effect in Syria.
The seeds of such a split are already present. Some factions in Misrata now argue that the greater threat are the Operation Dignity–aligned tribal forces (some led by ex-Qaddafi loyalists, like General Omar Tantoush in Warshafana) that are massing to the west of Tripoli, and they believe that the Islamic State forces in Sirte can be contained. But others see a sinister synchronization between Operation Dignity attacks on their western flank and Islamic State bombings in and around Misrata.
For their part, Misrata's critics in Operation Dignity say the city has been slow to react and has displayed a dangerous naïveté and ambivalence, if not complicity, in allowing the Islamic State to grow. Other critics allege that Misrata's withdrawal from the Sirte region is designed to exert leverage over the Tripoli-based Operation Dawn factions or even to compel outside patrons like the United States to lend assistance.
Splitting the Islamists in Western Libya
Aside from its attacks on Misrata, the Islamic State has escalated its rhetorical attacks on prominent Islamists in the Operation Dawn coalition, such as Mufti Sadeq al-Ghariyani or former members of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), a now defunct jihadi group that fought Qaddafi with support from al-Qaeda in the 1990s.
By weakening other Islamists and jihadist factions, the Islamic State seemingly aims to present Libyans with two options. They can either allow the remnants of the Qaddafi regime that are represented in Operation Dignity to return to power, or they can rally to the Islamic State as the strongest surviving Islamist faction.
Counter-Reactions Reveal Fissures
After the Islamic State's victories in Sirte and on the western front against Operation Dignity, internal fissures among Operation Dawn Islamists have begun to surface. On May 31, the media office of Operation Dawn urged Islamist fighters from the Muslim Brotherhood, the LIFG, and the Benghazi Revolutionaries' Shura Council to denounce the "terrorist" Islamic State and join the fight against it. The office also called for the creation of a joint force under the leadership of the Misratan commander Salah Badi, to support Brigade 166's struggle against the Islamic State in Sirte.
On June 15, Badi led a military parade in Tripoli and declared the creation of a new force called the Steadfastness Front, or Jabhat al-Sumoud in Arabic. Praising the people of Derna in eastern Libya for confronting the Islamic State, he promised to regroup his forces in Tripoli and western Libya to "ensure the security of the capital." He also vowed to safeguard a government based on sharia, saying that the loyalty of his forces would be "first to God and then to Libya" and that he would not accept foreign dictates. A longtime hard-liner in Misrata, Badi portrayed the Steadfastness Front as a loyal supporter of the GNC and denounced the local truces with Operation Dignity that have been concluded by more moderate Misratan militias. To some, Badi's Steadfastness Front is in effect "Operation Dawn Two," with the original coalition having begun to disintegrate due to the differing views of its members on ceasefires and other matters.
Such divisions within the Operation Dawn camp and the relentless attacks of the Islamic State are among the chief explanations for the jihadi advances in Sirte. These advances may yet provoke a stronger Operation Dawn or Misratan response, but they could also contribute to further splintering. It will be important to watch the Islamic State as it seeks to occupy more territory in the Oil Crescent region and in central Libya. While the group has so far moved forward in an ad hoc fashion, attempts to organize and connect neighboring cities in the Oil Crescent may well represent an evolution in the Islamic State's strategy for dominance in Libya.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Q: R cdplot() - does the right axis show probability or density? Reproducible data:
## NASA space shuttle o-ring failures
fail <- factor(c(2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1,
                 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
               levels = 1:2, labels = c("no", "yes"))
temperature <- c(53, 57, 58, 63, 66, 67, 67, 67, 68, 69, 70, 70,
                 70, 70, 72, 73, 75, 75, 76, 76, 78, 79, 81)

## CD plot
cdplot(fail ~ temperature)

The documentation for cdplot says:

cdplot computes the conditional densities of x given the levels of y weighted by the marginal distribution of y. The densities are derived cumulatively over the levels of y. The conditional probabilities are not derived by discretization (as in the spinogram), but using a smoothing approach via density.The conditional density functions (cumulative over the levels of y) are returned invisibly.

So on the plot where x = 63, y = 0.4 (approximately). Is this probability, or probability density? I am confused by the documentation as to what is calculated, what is returned and what is plotted.

A: The plot shows the probability of an outcome for a given temperature.
What the docs are saying is that a standard density distribution is calculated for temperature measurements, and a density is worked out separately for temperature when fail is 'no'. If we divide the density of "no" temperatures by the density of all temperatures, then weight this by the proportion of 'no' temperatures, then we will get an estimate of the probability of drawing a "no" at a given temperature.
To show this is the case, let's see the cdplot:
cdplot(fail ~ temperature)

Now let's calculate the probabilities from the marginal densities manually and plot. We should get a near-identical shape to our curve
all <- density(temperature, from = min(temperature), to = max(temperature))

no  <- density(temperature[fail == "no"], from = min(temperature),
                 to = max(temperature))

probs <- no$y/all$y * proportions(table(fail))[1]

plot(all$x, 1 - probs, type = "l", ylim = c(0, 1))


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Individuals who steal copper wire from the electric utility are not just stealing from SMECO—they are also stealing from every customer-member. As owners of the cooperative, customers end up paying for copper theft when the cost of repairing damage and increasing security is reflected in their electric bills.
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To help stop copper theft, SMECO is partnering with Crime Solvers of Charles County to offer a reward of up to $5,000 for information leading to the arrest or indictment of individuals who steal copper wire from the electric distribution system in Southern Maryland.
Please call 1-866-411-TIPS (1-866-411-8477) to report a tip. All tipsters remain anonymous.
If you notice anything unusual with electric substations or facilities—an open substation gate, open equipment cabinet, hanging wire, or persons other than utility employees or contractors near the facilities—contact the local police or SMECO immediately.
Store bolt cutters, wire cutters, and other tools in a secure location, and never leave them out while away.
Help spread the word about the deadly consequences that can result from trying to steal copper.
Utilities and other industries across the nation are being hit by copper thieves.


812-214-1046 / 8122141046 - Who call from Evansville, IN, United States?
This location [Mccutchanville, IN,United States] just probably in map.This 7163322965 phone number also may be located anywhere in the United States or Canada.
Craigslist style scammer, wanted to know "my final price and the condition of my item". Obvious scammer.
Post by Bygal 5 years ago !
Text messages trying to buy my item paying with paypal. Seller beware, people sitting at home have become far more crafty in the 21st century to steal your hard earned money and belongings.
Post by Kathrine 6 years ago !
Had Got a call or message from 812-214-1046?
Report us as much as you can without sharing any personal information. How many calls or texts did you get from 8122141046 and what did they say? Please don't use any insulting vocabulary. Otherwise we will remove your report.
its from a college I attended 3 years ago. was told not to call me but they have not gotten the message!
They have been texting treats to my son..


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Over the past few years the Tax Professionals of Thomson Reuters Government have experienced a few scenarios that have definitely presented learning opportunities. When the California state legislature changed its Tax Increment Financing code during a critical development phase of the new Aumentum Technology Platform, product and engineering teams had to pivot to ensure necessary changes were implemented despite the quick change in direction. When Minnesota rolled out the Property Record Information System of Minnesota (PRISM), both Thomson Reuters and the Minnesota Testing Committee (composed of representatives from 17 counties) invested significant man hours to support the rollout. And in Virginia, a legislative change related to important property value credits given to the spouses of military personnel and first responders killed in action sparked more than a few struggles.
"We are often reactionary to very critical legislative changes that not only have a large impact on our customers, but that also require either configuration or engineering changes to our software products," says Latonia Vance, senior manager, Aumentum Tax.
In contrast, the smooth and successful implementation of our business revenue module in Mendocino County following the legalization of cannabis in California demonstrates how being ahead of the legislative curve is a win-win for Thomson Reuters and Aumentum users. Now Mendocino County can seamlessly collect tax on cannabis—thanks to the proactive way Thomson Reuters anticipated and addressed the customer's need.
To facilitate a more proactive approach to the legislative developments that affect our products, Thomson Reuters has created the Legislative Governance Group (LGG).
"In order to position our business unit for scalable growth and to simplify our internal business operations, this cross-functional team will improve responsiveness and awareness of potential changes that may impact our software products, create clear accountability and handoffs for required changes, and enhance our communication both internally and externally regarding any legislative impacts," Vance explains.
By tapping into counties, state agencies, user groups, and associations, the LGG will be able to stay abreast of developing legislative changes across the nation. Leveraging the reach, popularity and immediacy of our Knowledge Solutions' tool—Checkpoint—the group will be alerted to relevant legislative news and trends, and then quickly disseminate information to current and future Aumentum Technology Platform users.
Of course, not all legislative changes will affect the technology stack, and Thomson Reuters will provide analysis and expert opinion on each. "We want our customers to know we're here for them, and welcome conversations with them regarding legislative changes in their state and any potential impact on our software tools. The LGG gives them a forum to ask questions so we can connect with them, answer their questions, and let them know we're aware of developments and addressing them, if necessary.
Follow us on Community in the Legislative Governance Group subject, and contact the group at LGG@TR.com.


text:
Essential Facts You Need to Know about E
Essential Facts You Need to Know about Electric Unicycle
http://www.fwheel.cc/Self-Balancing-Electric-Unicycle/Essential-Facts-You-Need-to-Kn.html
留下评论
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Let's Start a Rock and Roll Band!
Being twenty, living at home with my single Mom that does pills every night and sleeps for cash, no girlfriend (never had one), and basically no money, there's nothing to do. All I have is my computer, video games, and my community college that sucks. I don't have the grades to go somewhere nice, and I'm too poor to run away.
Being a pretty boring person, I need something. Anything. I finally decided that I would do the one thing that makes every person cool, even if that person sucks at it: creating a rock band.
Having no friends, I would have to start my band from scratch at community. Having a second hand electric guitar that my older brother gave me years ago and barely played, I set off to find my new friends and band mates.
I put up signs all around my school, asking anyone with music ability to come and find me so that they could try out. On the day they were supposed to find me, only six people showed up.
The first was some hipster kid with a fedora on. I asked him what he played, and he said he plays a keytar. I ask what the fuck that is, and he pulls out a keyboard that looks like a guitar out of his case. He starts playing, and he's good, but I still can't shake the feeling that he's a gigantic faggot.
Second and third were too girls who liked to sing. One was some black chick who just liked singing the same way Beyonce did and added in horrible dance moves. The other girl was some country chick from Oklahoma that sung like shit, but she was hot, so I picked her over the other chick.
Fourth was Lucas. Lucas is probably 400 pounds, black, and rides around in a wheelchair. He plays the drums, and he is fucking amazing. With his wheelchair, I don't even have to get a seat for him to sit down on while playing.
Next was some emo chick who played bass. She was bad as well, but she wasn't wearing a bra, so I told her that she was in.
Finally, a Korean kid, Lee Won, showed up. Wearing a South Korea soccer jersey, he took out a guitar and started to play Canon Rock. He wasn't even fucking trying, but he was fucking amazing. He can't speak English that well at all, and he looked more like a girl than the chick trying to be Beyonce, but the guy knew how to play guitar.
So at the end of the day, I had my band. Tony, the hipster keytar player. Chelsea, the Spears wannabe singer. Lucas, the wheelchair bound African drums player. Lauren, the depressing chick who doesn't wear a bra. And finally, Lee Won, the Korean who can play guitar like a God.
We called ourselves KOREAN POP ROBOTS 9000.
Sleeping around, etc. My Mother is a slut. She's not a terrible Mom, and she's not mean, but she's been really flaky since my Dad left her for some Swedish transfer teacher.
Anyways, after that day, we started practicing every day. The Spears wannabe didn't show up for the first two practices, so we had the others try and sing. Lucas couldn't sing at all, Tony and Lauren sounded like they were trying to do a cover of My Chemical Romance, but Lee Won, again, was pretty good. You couldn't really understand the fuck he was saying because he was mixing in Korean and English, but he had a nice voice.
Chelsea showed up for our forth practice, and she said that she had an important date with her boyfriend all those days. This put me off because I wanted to bang her, so I became jealous and told her that Lee Won would be our lead singer and guitar player while she sung back up to him.
We got into a fight, she wanted to quit, but Lucas stepped in (…rolled in) and told us all to stop acting like faggots. Tony was off to the side smoking some weed, and Lee Won was reading manga on my couch. Lauren was sitting by herself on a chair I brought from my room and was staring at everyone back and forth like she was about to explode from anxiety.
We kept practicing for a few weeks, and we became closer as a band. We started thinking of songs, mostly me, and we were finally hitting a groove. Chelsea was fine…
Yesterday morning we had to say goodbye
Yesterday morning we had to say goodbye to the sweetest, goofiest, most lovable, most devoted dog anyone could ever hope to know. They found an inoperable tumor, and we were forced to let him go.
For 11 years he kept us company, made us laugh, loved us, guarded us, worshiped the ground my children walked on. He grew up and grew old wanting nothing more than to be part of the family he loved so dearly. He was a gentle, loving, soul who would have protected each and every one of us with his life.
As I sat waiting for my friend to come back from the vet, I remembered all the years, all the times he got into mischief, the way he would rub his face into your lap to let you know he loved you, would weave up and down against your leg because he had somehow become convinced he was part cat. I thought how we had given him a good life, an inside dog, even though he was the size of a small pony. He had been given a good life, and he had given us all the love he had in return. I thought of all those things while I waited, and I thought that yes, I could handle his having to go, I would not be too sad, he had lived long and well. I thought that I would be, could be strong, until my husband came in and handed me the heart shaped plaster imprint of his paw….even now, I still can't stop crying.
Goodbye Max. You were a wonderfully sweet boy who I am so thankful I was allowed to know and share part of my life with. We love you, we miss you, and we will never, ever forget you. By writer from http://www.fwheel.cc
Peace was no longer an option… http://
Peace was no longer an option… http://ow.ly/i/bmNWj http://www.fwheel.cc/Self-Balancing-Electric-Unicycle/A-Part-of-Testimonials-of-F-wh.html


According to the Genesys Global Survey, bad customer service costs organizations $338.5 billion globally per year in lost business.
All organizations have areas of improvement. The reason why some organizations form a better equity among their consumers than others is that not only do they measure their customer satisfaction, but also act upon the data they collect. The CSAT or Customer Satisfaction Score, therefore, is a measure of the degree to which a product or service meets the customer's expectations. While it's doesn't have to be the last word in developing an understanding of your customer, it is nonetheless an important indicator of whether your business is thriving or slipping.
Quality refers to the number of issues resolved with the minimum responses.
Thanks to technology, it is now easier to make this the formula for success. Today, online surveys are designed to capture feedback from customers in real-time and tie it to a specific event. This allows companies to act on that feedback to forge stronger connections with their customers—based on individual customer reactions to elements of the customer experience.
Revenue Churn: Two key aspects of a successful business are revenue & retention. The net MRR or Monthly Recurring Revenue churn is one of the most important indicators when it comes to calculating your CSAT score because it reveals the revenue lost from customers who cancel their order. If you're consistently hitting <1% net MRR churn, you're on the right track.Negative churn indicates good retention strategies and carefully targeted up-sales.
Response Time: The Genesys Global Survey noted a trend in customer service, that people are happiest when they can get answers quickly and by themselves. Speed is a stable determinant of customer satisfaction. The quicker you respond to your customers the more likely they are to be pleased with the experience. So, if you're able to keep that resolution time relatively low, that could be an indication of good customer service.
Promoter Score: Everybody wants to know how well they're liked. The Net Promoter Score (NPS) is a measure of how many of your customers like your brand enough to recommend (or promote) it to others. Higher recommendations mean you have a positive score. And if none of your customers refer you, it's time to find out why.
Customer Retention: A loyal customer is far more profitable to a business than seeking a new one, costing a business 5 to 25 times more, to be precise. The customer retention rate shows the percentage of your customers who have stayed with you over a given period of time, and if you're bringing back a fair amount of customers regularly, that's a pretty good indication that you're providing good customer service.
Employee Satisfaction: Your employees are the windows to your organizations and the first point of contact for your customer. Happy, motivated employees mean better employee turnover, meaning they will be able to give better service to your customers. On the other hand, high attrition and having to look for and train new employees can cost a business up to twice of an employee's salary.
Customer service is about people more than it is about numbers and Zonka feedback understands this completely. It helps organizations to capture customer feedback at various touch points and across various feedback channels like Tablet, Online, Email and SMS and more.
Reetam heads product marketing at Zonka Feedback, a multi-channel feedback & survey management software. He is passionate about technology, software products and marketing. He has spent nearly a decade helping businesses across globe deliver uncanny customer & user experiences, market faster and growth-hack effectively. He is a avid reader and a writer and shares insights based on experience that readers can actually put to use.


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Tempeste O'Riley > Blog > GLBT News > Victory! Court orders WI school to immediately halt discriminatory policy against transgender student
Victory! Court orders WI school to immediately halt discriminatory policy against transgender student
By TempeO under GLBT News, Ramblings
courts, transgender, victory
Our client Ash Whitaker, right, and his mom Melissa
The complaint in Whitaker v. Kenosha Unified School District No. 1 Board of Education alleges that KUSD's policy of denying Ash access to the boys' restrooms and other discriminatory actions—including school administrators' insistence on using Ash's birth name and female pronouns, the school's repeated isolation of Ash from his peers on overnight school trips, and a proposed policy to require transgender students to wear green wristbands or stickers—violate Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution.
Source: Victory! Court orders WI school to immediately halt discriminatory policy against transgender student
Yes! I am thrilled to see this happen. I have been sick over this situation. I am so glad the courts have ruled this way. As a parent with a gender-fluid child, I have been sick with worry about where things were headed. Thank you Wisconsin for doing the right thing and putting a stop to the hate. Congratulations, Ash!
U.S. District Judge Pamela Pepper read her decision aloud from the bench, holding that Ash would continue to suffer irreparable harm if KUSD continued to deny him access to the boys' restroom during his senior year. In her decision, Judge Pepper explicitly recognized the emotional, psychological and physical harm Ash has endured under KUSD's discriminatory policy and the importance to transgender people of being treated in accordance with their gender identity.
One more court on the side of right, on the side of good.
On a personal note: I am so thankful right now, you have no idea. My youngest has been having issues at school thanks to a principle that just can't grasp gender-fluid, but this gives me hope that we can get the powers that be to back the child and do what's right. I have a precedent to throw at them now.
WHISKERS OF A CHANCE is now out in #audiobook!
That was only the end of the chapter, not your whole story….
You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself in any direction you choose. You're on your own, and you know what you know. And you are the guy who'll decide where to go.
— Dr. Seuss


Established in 1991, Wineman Technology, Inc. specializes in test systems and test cell applications with a focus on dynamometer and hydraulic test systems, real-time control and data acquisition, hardware-in-the-loop simulation, and custom test machines. Unlike other companies where test plays a partial role, Wineman Technology's singular focus is the design and development of test equipment for advanced research and development, functional test labs, and manufacturing production across a wide range of industries including aerospace, automotive, medical, and energy. Wineman Technology's engineers meet test challenges with the experience of hundreds of successful deployed test solutions.
Wineman Technology created a powertrain test cell environment to meet the diverse requirements of autonomous six-wheel drive (6WD) all-terrain vehicle (ATV) testing.
Using LabVIEW and a real-time cDAQ system, Wineman Technology delivered an upgraded hybrid hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tester capable of mechanical brake simulation.
A powerful, real-time control system, INERTIA combines the latest in digital control technology with off-the-shelf hardware to produce one of the industry's most powerful and flexible controllers at a very cost effective price. INERTIA control systems offer a flexible environment for completely defining your test environment - from user defined alarm procedures, test procedures, and block cycle generators to custom LabVIEW screens, database interfaces, and remote system monitoring.
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It is estimated that 70% of employers now screen the social media profiles of job candidates as part of their recruitment process. In light of these practices, last month the Article 29 Working Party issued a series of guidelines in an attempt to safeguard the privacy of job applicants.
The Working Party has warned employers that they should not assume they can process data gathered from an individual's social media profile just because it is publicly available. The guidelines recommend that there should be legal grounds to justify this type of processing, such as legitimate interests. Employers are also advised to consider whether the social media profiles of job applicants are 'related to business or private purposes' as this can be an important indication of the legal admissibility of the data inspection.
In addition, the Working Party has indicated that applicants should be informed if social media screening will take place, for example, in the text of a job advert, and that any background checks should be limited to what is necessary and relevant to the performance of the job being applied for. Employers should also take care to delete applicant data once it becomes clear that a job offer won't be made or accepted.
Whilst Article 29 Working Party Opinions are not strictly legally binding, employers should be conscious that the Working Party comprises representatives of each of the EU's national data regulators, including the ICO, and that non-compliance with its Opinions is generally seen as highly indicative of a violation of European data protection regulations.
Further, this Opinion analyses the additional obligations placed on employers by the looming General Data Protection Regulation and sheds much needed light on the approach European regulators are likely to take in this area from May 2018.
Going forward, employers should look to develop measures and processes that show they are listening, particularly in light of the new enforcement and sanctions regime that will kick in under the GDPR.
For more information on the Article 29 Working Party Opinion on data processing at work, click here.


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Solution structure of the SH3 domain of Src and identification of its ligand-binding site
Hongtao Yu, Michael K. Rosen, Tae Bum Shin, Cynthia Seidel-Dugan, Joan S. Brugge, Stuart L. Schreiber
Pharmacology - Phillips Lab
Green Center For Systems Biology
The Src homology 3 (SH3) region is a protein domain of 55 to 75 amino acids found in many cytoplasmic proteins, including those that participate in signal transduction pathways. The solution structure of the SH3 domain of the tyrosine kinase Src was determined by multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The molecule is composed of two short three-stranded anti-parallel β sheets packed together at approximately right angles. Studies of the SH3 domain bound to proline-rich peptide ligands revealed a hydrophobic binding site on the surface of the protein that is lined with the side chains of conserved aromatic amino acids.
Aromatic Amino Acids
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
3-tyrosine
Yu, H., Rosen, M. K., Shin, T. B., Seidel-Dugan, C., Brugge, J. S., & Schreiber, S. L. (1992). Solution structure of the SH3 domain of Src and identification of its ligand-binding site. Science, 258(5088), 1665-1668.
Solution structure of the SH3 domain of Src and identification of its ligand-binding site. / Yu, Hongtao; Rosen, Michael K.; Shin, Tae Bum; Seidel-Dugan, Cynthia; Brugge, Joan S.; Schreiber, Stuart L.
In: Science, Vol. 258, No. 5088, 04.12.1992, p. 1665-1668.
Yu, H, Rosen, MK, Shin, TB, Seidel-Dugan, C, Brugge, JS & Schreiber, SL 1992, 'Solution structure of the SH3 domain of Src and identification of its ligand-binding site', Science, vol. 258, no. 5088, pp. 1665-1668.
Yu H, Rosen MK, Shin TB, Seidel-Dugan C, Brugge JS, Schreiber SL. Solution structure of the SH3 domain of Src and identification of its ligand-binding site. Science. 1992 Dec 4;258(5088):1665-1668.
Yu, Hongtao ; Rosen, Michael K. ; Shin, Tae Bum ; Seidel-Dugan, Cynthia ; Brugge, Joan S. ; Schreiber, Stuart L. / Solution structure of the SH3 domain of Src and identification of its ligand-binding site. In: Science. 1992 ; Vol. 258, No. 5088. pp. 1665-1668.
@article{cf50c428bac646458cf6927c18128119,
title = "Solution structure of the SH3 domain of Src and identification of its ligand-binding site",
abstract = "The Src homology 3 (SH3) region is a protein domain of 55 to 75 amino acids found in many cytoplasmic proteins, including those that participate in signal transduction pathways. The solution structure of the SH3 domain of the tyrosine kinase Src was determined by multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The molecule is composed of two short three-stranded anti-parallel β sheets packed together at approximately right angles. Studies of the SH3 domain bound to proline-rich peptide ligands revealed a hydrophobic binding site on the surface of the protein that is lined with the side chains of conserved aromatic amino acids.",
author = "Hongtao Yu and Rosen, {Michael K.} and Shin, {Tae Bum} and Cynthia Seidel-Dugan and Brugge, {Joan S.} and Schreiber, {Stuart L.}",
journal = "Science",
T1 - Solution structure of the SH3 domain of Src and identification of its ligand-binding site
AU - Yu, Hongtao
AU - Rosen, Michael K.
AU - Shin, Tae Bum
AU - Seidel-Dugan, Cynthia
AU - Brugge, Joan S.
AU - Schreiber, Stuart L.
N2 - The Src homology 3 (SH3) region is a protein domain of 55 to 75 amino acids found in many cytoplasmic proteins, including those that participate in signal transduction pathways. The solution structure of the SH3 domain of the tyrosine kinase Src was determined by multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The molecule is composed of two short three-stranded anti-parallel β sheets packed together at approximately right angles. Studies of the SH3 domain bound to proline-rich peptide ligands revealed a hydrophobic binding site on the surface of the protein that is lined with the side chains of conserved aromatic amino acids.
AB - The Src homology 3 (SH3) region is a protein domain of 55 to 75 amino acids found in many cytoplasmic proteins, including those that participate in signal transduction pathways. The solution structure of the SH3 domain of the tyrosine kinase Src was determined by multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The molecule is composed of two short three-stranded anti-parallel β sheets packed together at approximately right angles. Studies of the SH3 domain bound to proline-rich peptide ligands revealed a hydrophobic binding site on the surface of the protein that is lined with the side chains of conserved aromatic amino acids.
JO - Science
JF - Science


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Sunday 21:00 on HBO
Genre: Crime / Thriller / Mini-Series
When an insidious supernatural force edges its way into a seemingly straightforward investigation into the gruesome murder of a young boy, it leads a seasoned cop and an unorthodox investigator to question everything they believe in.
LATEST EPISODE: SEASON 1, EPISODE 3: Dark Uncle
SEASON 1, EPISODE 3: Dark Uncle
Despite being on mandatory leave, Ralph continues to scrutinize the confounding circumstances surrounding the night of the murder. Frustrated by their lack of progress, Ralph and GBI detective Yunis Sablo meet with Alec and Howie, who suggest bringing in unorthodox PI Holly Gibney. Jack has a hair-raising experience at a remote barn where key evide... more
The Outsider (2020) TV LISTING
Season 1 / Episode 1: "Fish in a Barrel"
Season 1 / Episode 2: "Roanoke"
Season 1 / Episode 3: "Dark Uncle"
Season 1 / Episode 4: "Que Viene el Coco"
Season 1 : Episode 3 Dark Uncle Aired 01/19/20 Watched Episode
Season 1 : Episode 1 Fish in a Barrel Aired 01/12/20 Watched Episode
Season 1 : Episode 2 Roanoke Aired 01/12/20 Watched Episode
Performer of the Week: Ben Mendelsohn
THE PERFORMER | Ben Mendelsohn THE SHOW | HBO's The Outsider THE EPISODE | "Fish in a Barrel" (Jan. 12, 2020) THE PERFORMANCE more
Cynthia Erivo Responds to Stephen King's Tweets About Diversity in Art
Just a day after Stephen King came under fire for Tweeting that he "would never consider diversity in matters of art. Only quality. It seems to me that to do otherwise would be wrong" in response to this year's Oscar nominees not being inclusive for women or people of color, HBO presented a panel for the latest adaptation of one of his works, "The Outsider." King was not in attendance &mda...	more
The Outsider Series Premiere Recap: A Tale of Two Terrys - Grade It!
The latest Stephen King TV adaptation, The Outsider, premiered Sunday on HBO with two gruesome episodes that set up the novel's mind-bending mystery, while raising a gazillion questions. For those who haven't read the book, the story revolves around the investigation into the horrific murder of a local child and "the mysterious force" surrounding the case. This was a meaty double-scoop of episodes, so let's get to it. SCENE OF THE CRIME ...	more
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Taliont


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Procedure Special Education & Related Services for Eligible Students
This district is committed to a positive and productive education free from discrimination, including sexual harassment. This commitment extends to all students involved in academic, educational, extracurricular, athletic, and other programs or activities of the school, whether that program or activity is in a school facility, on school transportation or at a class or school training held elsewhere.
For purposes of this policy, sexual harassment means unwelcome conduct or communication of a sexual nature. Sexual harassment can occur adult to student, student to student or can be carried out by a group of students or adults and will be investigated by the district even if the alleged harasser is not a part of the school staff or student body. The district prohibits sexual harassment of students by other students, employees or third parties involved in school district activities.
The term "sexual harassment" may include:
acts of sexual violence;
unwelcome sexual or gender-directed conduct or communication that interferes with an individual's educational performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive environment;
unwelcome sexual advances;
unwelcome requests for sexual favors;
sexual demands when submission is a stated or implied condition of obtaining an educational benefit;
sexual demands where submission or rejection is a factor in an academic, or other school-related decision affecting an individual.
A "hostile environment" has been created for a student when sexual harassment is sufficiently serious to interfere with or limit the student's ability to participate in or benefit from the school's program. The more severe the conduct, the less need there is to demonstrate a repetitive series of incidents. In fact, a single or isolated incident of sexual harassment may create a hostile environment if the incident is sufficiently severe, violent, or egregious.
Investigation and Response
If the district knows, or reasonably should know, that sexual harassment has created a hostile environment, it will promptly investigate to determine what occurred and take appropriate steps to resolve the situation. If an investigation reveals that sexual harassment has created a hostile environment, the district will take prompt and effective steps reasonably calculated to end the sexual harassment, eliminate the hostile environment, prevent its recurrence and as appropriate, remedy its effects. The district will take prompt, equitable and remedial action within its authority on reports, complaints and grievances alleging sexual harassment that come to the attention of the district, either formally or informally. The district will take these steps every time a complaint alleging sexual harassment comes to the attention of the district, either formally or informally.
Allegations of criminal misconduct will be reported to law enforcement and suspected child abuse will be reported to law enforcement or Child Protective Services. Regardless of whether the misconduct is reported to law enforcement, school staff will promptly investigate to determine what occurred and take appropriate steps to resolve the situation, to the extent that such investigation does not interfere with an ongoing criminal investigation. A criminal investigation does not relieve the district of its independent obligation to investigate and resolve sexual harassment.
Engaging in sexual harassment will result in appropriate discipline or other sanctions against offending students, staff or other third parties involved in school district activities. Anyone else who engages in sexual harassment on school property or at school activities will have their access to school property and activities restricted, as appropriate.
Retaliation and False Allegations
Retaliation against any person who makes or is a witness in a sexual harassment complaint is prohibited and will result in appropriate discipline. The district will take appropriate actions to protect involved persons from retaliation.
It is a violation of this policy to knowingly report false allegations of sexual harassment. Persons found to knowingly report or corroborate false allegations will be subject to appropriate discipline.
Staff Responsibilities
The superintendent will develop and implement formal and informal procedures for receiving, investigating and resolving complaints or reports of sexual harassment. The procedures will include reasonable and prompt time lines and delineate staff responsibilities under this policy.
Any school employee who witnesses sexual harassment or receives a report, informal complaint, or written complaint about sexual harassment is responsible for informing the district Title IX or Civil Rights Compliance Coordinator. All staff are also responsible for directing complainants to the formal complaint process.
Reports of discrimination and discriminatory harassment will be referred to the district's Title IX/Civil Rights Compliance Coordinator. Reports of disability discrimination or harassment will be referred to the district's Section 504 Coordinator and/or the special education director.
Notice and Training
The superintendent will develop procedures to provide age-appropriate information and education to district staff, students, parents and volunteers regarding this policy and the recognition and prevention of sexual harassment. At a minimum sexual harassment recognition and prevention and the elements of this policy will be included in staff, student and regular volunteer orientation. This policy and the procedure, which includes the complaint process, will be posted in each district building in a place available to staff, students, parents, volunteers and visitors. Information about the policy and procedure will be clearly stated and conspicuously posted throughout each school building, provided to each employee and reproduced in each student, staff, volunteer and parent handbook. Such notices will identify the District's Title IX coordinator and provide contact information, including the coordinator's email address.
The superintendent will make an annual report to the board reviewing the use and efficacy of this policy and related procedures. Recommendations for changes to this policy, if applicable, will be included in the report. The superintendent is encouraged to involve staff, students, volunteers and parents in the review process.
Cross References: 3207 – Prohibition of Harassment, Intimidation and Bullying
3210 – Nondiscrimination
3240 – Student Conduct Expectations and Reasonable Sanctions
3241 – Classroom Management, Discipline and Corrective Action
5010 – Nondiscrimination and Affirmative Action
5011 – Sexual Harassment of District Staff Prohibited
Legal References:
20 U.S.C. 1681-1688
34 C.F.R. § 106
WAC 392-190-058 Sexual harassment
RCW 28A.640.020 Regulations, guidelines to eliminate discrimination — Scope — Sexual harassment policies
2020 – August Issue
2015 – July Policy Alert
2014 – December Issue
2010 – October Issue
La Center School District Adopted: April 26, 2017; Revised January 26, 2021
Return to Policy & Procedure Page


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Cellula granulare è un nome utilizzato dagli anatomisti per indicare un certo numero di diversi tipi di neurone la cui unica caratteristica comune è che tutti hanno corpi cellulari molto piccoli. Cellule granulari si trovano all'interno dello strato granulare del cervelletto, del giro dentato dell'ippocampo, dello strato superficiale del nucleo cocleare dorsale, bulbo olfattivo, e corteccia cerebrale.
Le cellule dei granuli cerebellari rappresentano la maggior parte dei neuroni nel cervello umano. Queste cellule granulari ricevono input eccitatori da fibre provenienti da nuclei pontini. Le cellule dei granuli cerebellari inviano fibre parallele attraverso lo strato di Purkinje nello strato molecolare dove si diramano e si diffondono attraverso gli alberi dendritici delle cellule di Purkinje. Queste fibre parallele formano migliaia di sinapsi eccitatorie dalle cellule granulari alle sinapsi delle cellule di Purkinje sui dendriti intermedi e distali delle cellule di Purkinje usando il glutammato come neurotrasmettitore.

Le cellule granulari di livello 4 della corteccia cerebrale ricevono input dal talamo e inviano proiezioni agli strati sovragranulari 2-3, ma anche a strati infragranulari della corteccia cerebrale.

Struttura
Le cellule granulari localizzate in diverse regioni del cervello sono sia funzionalmente che anatomicamente diverse: l'unica cosa che hanno in comune sono le dimensioni relativamente piccole. Per esempio, le cellule granulari del bulbo olfattivo sono GABAergiche e prive di assone, mentre le cellule granulari nel giro dentato hanno proiezioni assonali di tipo glutammatergico. Queste due popolazioni di cellule granulari sono anche le uniche popolazioni neuronali principali sottoposte a neurogenesi durante l'età adulta: le cellule granulari cerebellari e corticali invece non lo sono. Le cellule granulari (ad eccezione di quelle del bulbo olfattivo) hanno una struttura tipica di un neurone costituito da dendriti, un soma (corpo cellulare) e un assone.
 Dendriti: ogni cella granulare ha 3-4 dendriti tozzi che terminano in una sorta di artiglio. Ciascuno dei dendriti ha una lunghezza di soli 15 µm.
 Soma: le cellule granulari hanno tutte un piccolo soma di diametro pari a circa 10 µm.
 Assone: ogni cellula granulare invia un singolo assone all'albero dendritico della cellula di Purkinje. L'assone ha un diametro estremamente stretto: pari a circa ½ micron.
 Sinapsi: 100-300.000 assoni delle cellule granulari entrano in sinapsi su una singola cellula di Purkinje.

L'esistenza di gap junction tra le celle granulari consente a più neuroni di essere accoppiati tra loro consentendo a più cellule di agire in sincronizzazione e di consentire le funzioni di segnalazione necessarie per lo sviluppo delle cellule granulari.

Cellule granulari del cervelletto
Le cellule granulari, prodotte dal labbro rombico, si trovano nello strato di cellule granulari della corteccia cerebellare. Sono piccole e numerose. Sono caratterizzate da un soma molto piccolo e da numerosi dendriti corti che finiscono con delle terminazioni a forma di artiglio. Viste con il microscopio elettronico a trasmissione, queste cellule sono caratterizzate da un nucleo che appare molto scuro e circondato da un bordo sottile di citoplasma. L'assone sale nello strato molecolare dove si divide per formare le fibre parallele.

Cellule granulari dentate
Le cellule granulari costituiscono il tipo principale di cellule che possono essere trovate nel giro dentato dell'ippocampo. Le cellule granulari dentate hanno un corpo cellulare ellittico con una larghezza di circa 10 µm e un'altezza di 18 µm.
Le cellule granulari mostrano un caratteristico albero a forma di cono con dendriti apicali spinosi. I rami dei dendriti si propagano attraverso l'intero strato molecolare e le punte più lontane dell'albero dendritico finiscono proprio nel solco dell'ippocampo o sulla superficie dei ventricoli. Le cellule granulari sono strettamente "impacchettate" nello strato di cellule granulari del giro dentato.

Cellule granulari del nucleo cocleare dorsale
Le cellule granulari nel nucleo cocleare dorsale sono piccoli neuroni con due o tre brevi dendriti che danno origine a pochi rami con espansioni nella loro parte terminale. I dendriti sono corti con terminazioni simili ad artigli che formano glomeruli per ricevere fibre muschiose, similmente alle cellule granulari cerebellari. L'assone di queste cellule proietta sullo strato molecolare del nucleo cocleare dorsale dove forma fibre parallele, anche qui similmente alle cellule granulari cerebellari. Le cellule granulari del nucleo cocleare dorsale sono piccoli interneuroni eccitatori che sono correlati allo sviluppo, per questo motivo assomigliano alle cellule granulari cerebellari.

Cella granulari del bulbo olfattivo
La principale cellula granulare intrinseca nel bulbo olfattivo dei vertebrati manca di un assone (come il neurone accessorio). Ogni cellula dà origine a dendriti centrali corti e a un singolo dendrite apicale lungo che si espande nello strato di cellule granulose ed entra nello strato delle cellule mitrali del bulbo olfattivo. I rami di dendrite terminano all'interno dello strato plessiforme esterno tra i dendriti nel tratto olfattivo. Nel bulbo olfattivo dei mammiferi, le cellule granulari possono elaborare sia l'input che output sinaptici, a causa della presenza di grandi spine.

Funzione

Rete neuronale della corteccia cerebellare

Le cellule granulari cerebellari ricevono un input eccitatorio da 3 o 4 fibre muschiose provenienti dai nuclei pontini. Le fibre muschiose creano una connessione eccitatrice sulle cellule granulari che provoca un potenziale d'azione nella cellula granulare stessa. L'assone di una cellula granulare del cervelletto si divide per formare una fibra parallela che innerva le cellule di Purkinje.
La stragrande maggioranza delle sinapsi assonali delle cellule granulari si trovano sulle fibre parallele. Le fibre parallele vengono inviate attraverso lo strato di Purkinje nello strato molecolare dove si diramano e si diffondono attraverso gli alberi dendritici delle cellule di Purkinje. Queste fibre parallele formano migliaia di sinapsi eccitatorie cellule granulari-cellule di Purkinje sui dendriti delle cellule di Purkinje.
Questa connessioni sono di tipo eccitatorio e sono legate al rilascio di glutammato.
Le fibre parallele e le sinapsi ascendenti degli assoni delle cellule granulari scaricano in modo sincrono, il che si traduce in segnali eccitatori.
Nella corteccia cerebellare ci sono una varietà di neuroni inibitori (gli interneuroni). Gli unici neuroni eccitatori presenti nella corteccia cerebellare sono le cellule granulari.
Si ritiene che la plasticità della sinapsi tra una fibra parallela e una cella di Purkinje sia molto importante per l'apprendimento motorio.  La funzione dei circuiti cerebellari dipende interamente dai processi eseguiti dallo strato granulare. Pertanto, la funzione delle cellule granulari influenza pesantemente la funzione cerebellare nel suo complesso.

Input delle fibre muschiose sulle cellule granulari cerebellari
I dendriti delle cellule granulose sono anche sinapsi con degli specifici assoni non mielinizzati che sono definite fibre muschiose. Le fibre muschiose e le cellule di Golgi creano connessioni sinaptiche con le cellule granulari. Nel loro insieme, queste cellule formano i glomeruli.

Le cellule granulari sono soggette all'inibizione a feed-forward (o reciproca): le cellule granulari eccitano le cellule di Purkinje ma eccitano anche gli interneuroni GABAergici che vanno invece ad inibire le cellule di Purkinje.

Le cellule granulari sono anche soggette a feedback di tipo inibitorio: le cellule del Golgi ricevono stimoli eccitatori dalle cellule granulari e, a loro volta, inviano segnali ibitori alle cellule granulari.
I codici di input delle fibre muschiose sono conservati durante la trasmissione sinaptica tra le celle granulari, suggerendo che l'innervazione è specifica in base all'input ricevuto. Le celle granulari non si limitano a trasmettere segnali dalle fibre muscose, esse piuttosto eseguono diverse e complesse trasformazioni che sono richieste nel loro dominio spaziotemporale.

Ogni cella granulare riceve un input da due diversi input di fibre muschiose. L'ingresso proviene quindi da due posti diversi rispetto alla cella granulare che riceve più ingressi dalla stessa sorgente.

Le differenze nelle fibre muschiose che stanno inviando segnali alle cellule granulari influenza direttamente il tipo di informazioni che le cellule granulari traducono verso le cellule di Purkinje. L'affidabilità di questa traduzione dipenderà dall'affidabilità dell'attività sinaptica nelle cellule granulari e dalla natura dello stimolo ricevuto.

Il segnale che una cellula granulare riceve da una fibra muscosa dipende dalla funzione della stessa fibra muscosa. Pertanto, le cellule granulari sono in grado di integrare le informazioni provenienti dalle diverse fibre muschiose e generare nuovi modelli di attività.

Input delle fibre rampicanti sulle cellule granulari cerebellari
Diverse modalità di input delle fibre muschiose produrranno modelli unici di attività nelle celle granulari che possono essere modificati da un segnale trasmesso come input dalle fibre rampicanti. È stato suggerito che il cervelletto funziona come un filtro adattivo, alterando il comportamento motorio in base alla natura dell'input sensoriale.

Poiché più celle granulari (~ 200.000) entrano in sinapsi su una singola cella di Purkinje, gli effetti di ciascuna fibra parallela possono essere alterati in risposta a un "teacher signal" proveniente da un input della fibra rampicante.

Funzioni specifiche di diverse celle granulari

Cellule granulari del cervelletto
È stato suggerito che le celle granulari codificano combinazioni di input delle fibre muschiose. Affinché la cella granulare risponda, ha bisogno di ricevere input attivi da più fibre muschiose. La combinazione di più input ha come risultato che il cervelletto è in grado di fare distinzioni più precise tra i pattern di input rispetto a una singola fibra muschiosa. Le cellule granulari cerebellari svolgono anche un ruolo nell'orchestrare le conduttanze toniche che controllano il sonno in combinazione con i livelli ambientali di GABA che si trovano nel cervello.

Cellule granulari dentate
La perdita di neuroni del giro dentato dall'ippocampo porta a deficit di memoria spaziale. Pertanto, si pensa che le cellule granulari dentate abbiano un ruolo nella formazione delle memorie spaziali. Le cellule granulari dentate immature e mature hanno ruoli distinti nella funzione della memoria. Si ritiene che le cellule granulari nate negli adulti ("giovani")siano coinvolte nella separazione dei pattern mentre le vecchie cellule granulari contribuiscano al rapido completamento del pattern.

Cellule granulari cocleari dorsali
Le cellule piramidali dalla corteccia uditiva primaria proiettano direttamente sul nucleo cocleare. Questo fatto è importante nel riflesso da soprassalto(spavento) acustico, in cui le cellule piramidali modulano il riflesso dell'orientamento secondario e l'input delle cellule granulari è responsabile dell'orientamento appropriato. Ciò avviene perché i segnali ricevuti dalle celle granulari contengono informazioni sulla posizione della testa. Le cellule granulari nel nucleo cocleare dorsale svolgono un ruolo nella percezione e risposta ai suoni provenienti dal nostro ambiente.

Cellule granulari del bulbo olfattivo
L'inibizione generata dalle cellule granulari, il tipo di cellula GABAergica più comune nel bulbo olfattivo, gioca un ruolo fondamentale nel plasmare l'output del bulbo olfattivo. Esistono due tipi di input eccitatori ricevuti dalle cellule granulari GABAergiche: quelli attivati da un recettore AMPA e quelli attivati da un recettore NMDA. Ciò consente alle cellule granulari di regolare l'elaborazione dell'ingresso sensoriale nel bulbo olfattivo. Il bulbo olfattivo trasmette le informazioni sull'olfatto dal naso al cervello ed è quindi fondamentale per un corretto senso dell'olfatto. Anche le cellule granulari nel bulbo olfattivo sono importanti per la formazione di ricordi legati ai profumi.

Fattori critici per la funzione

Calcio
La dinamica del calcio è essenziale per diverse funzioni delle cellule granulari, come il cambiamento del potenziale di membrana, la plasticità sinaptica, l'apoptosi e la regolazione della trascrizione genica. La natura dei segnali del calcio che controllano la funzione presinaptica e postsinaptica delle spine delle cellule granulari del bulbo olfattivo è in gran parte sconosciuta.

Monossido di azoto
I neuroni granulari presentano alti livelli di isoforma neuronale di ossido nitrico sintasi. Questo enzima dipende dalla presenza di calcio ed è responsabile della produzione di ossido nitrico (NO o monossido di azoto). Questo neurotrasmettitore è un regolatore negativo della proliferazione dei precursori delle cellule granulari e nelcontempo promuove la differenziazione delle diverse cellule granulari. L'ossido nitrico regola le interazioni tra cellule granulari e cellule gliali ed è essenziale per proteggere le cellule granulari dai diversi tipi di danni. Il monossido di azoto (NO) è anche responsabile della neuroplasticità e dell'apprendimento motorio.

Ruolo nelle malattie

Morfologia alterata delle cellule granulari dentate
TrkB è responsabile del mantenimento della normale connettività sinaptica delle cellule granulari dentate. TrkB regola anche la morfologia specifica (biologia) delle cellule granulari e si ritiene che sia importante per regolare lo sviluppo neuronale, la plasticità neuronale, l'apprendimento oltre ad avere un ruolo nello sviluppo dell'epilessia. La regolazione TrkB delle cellule granulari è importante per prevenire i deficit di memoria e l'epilessia limbica. Ciò è dovuto al fatto che le cellule granulari dentate svolgono un ruolo fondamentale nella funzione dei circuiti entorinale-ippocampo sia in stato di benessere che di malattia. Le cellule granulari dentate sono strategicamente posizionate in modo da regolare il flusso di informazioni nell'ippocampo, una struttura necessaria per il normale apprendimento e la memoria.

Diminuzione della neurogenesi delle cellule granulari
Sia l'epilessia che la sindrome depressiva mostrano una produzione interrotta di cellule granulari ippocampali nate in età adulta. L'epilessia più precisamente si associa ad un aumento della produzione - ma un'integrazione aberrante - di nuove cellule all'inizio della malattia , quindi alla diminuzione della produzione in una fase più tardiva di malattia.
L'integrazione aberrante di cellule generate in età adulta durante lo sviluppo dell'epilessia può compromettere la capacità del giro dentato di impedire che un'eccessiva attività eccitatoria raggiunga le cellule piramidali dell'ippocampo, favorendo in tal modo le convulsioni. Le convulsioni epilettiche che datano da lungo tempo stimolano la neurogenesi delle cellule granulari dentate. Queste cellule granulari dentate di recente produzione (più giovani) possono dare luogo a delle connessioni aberranti che comportano la plasticità della rete dell'ippocampo associata a epilettogenesi.

Cellule granulari con dendriti più brevi
I pazienti affetti dalla malattia di Alzheimer hanno cellule granulari con dendriti più corti. Inoltre, i dendriti sono meno ramificati e presentano meno spine rispetto alle analoghe cellule in pazienti che non soffrono di questa patologia. Tuttavia, i dendriti delle cellule granulari non sono unA componente essenziale delle placche senili, e queste placche non hanno alcun effetto diretto sulle cellule granulari nel giro dentato. I cambiamenti neurofibrillari specifici delle cellule granulari dentate si verificano in pazienti affetti da Alzheimer, demenza da corpi di Lewy e paralisi sopranucleare progressiva.

Note

Encefalo


text:
conservatives are revolting
By cognitivedissident on September 16, 2006 8:52 AM | No Comments | No TrackBacks
The latest issue of Washington Monthly has an all-conservative section entitled "Time for Us to Go," where they sing the praises of divided government. (In today's political environment, they are expressing hope that the GOP loses one or both houses of Congress in November.)
Christopher Buckley admits "to the guilty hope that my party loses" in both 2006 and 2008, and asks:
Who knew, in 2000, that "compassionate conservatism" meant bigger government, unrestricted government spending, government intrusion in personal matters, government ineptitude, and cronyism in disaster relief? Who knew, in 2000, that the only bill the president would veto, six years later, would be one on funding stem-cell research?
Who, indeed, other than the 50+% who voted against Bush?
Bruce "Impostor" Bartlett writes:
As a conservative who's interested in the long-term health of both my country and the Republican Party, I have a suggestion for the GOP in 2006: lose. Handing over at least one house of Congress to the other side of the aisle for the next two years would probably be good for everyone. It will improve governance in the country, and it will increase the chances of GOP gains in 2008.
MSNBC host Joe Scarborough would prefer "an assortment of Bourbon Street hookers running the Southern Baptist Convention to having this lot of Republicans controlling America's checkbook for the next two years."
Bruce Fein notes that the GOP-controlled Congress "has done nothing to thwart President George W. Bush's alarming usurpations of legislative prerogatives. Instead, it has largely functioned as an echo chamber of the White House." He goes on to suggest that "Republicans have shied from challenging Bush by placing party loyalty above institutional loyalty, contrary to the expectations of the Founding Fathers," that they should "frustrate Bush's super-imperial presidency."
National Review editor Jeffrey Hart writes that:
Today, the standard-bearer of "conservatism" in the United States is George W. Bush, a man who has taken the positions of an unshakable ideologue: on supply-side economics, on privatization, on Social Security, on the Terri Schiavo case, and, most disastrously, on Iraq. Never before has a United States president consistently adhered to beliefs so disconnected from actuality. […] I'd call my skepticism "conservative," but Bushism has poisoned the very word.
Richard "Conservatives Betrayed" Viguerie has this stellar opening paragraph:
With their record over the past few years, the Big Government Republicans in Washington do not merit the support of conservatives. They have busted the federal budget for generations to come with the prescription-drug benefit and the creation and expansion of other programs. They have brought forth a limitless flow of pork for the sole, immoral purpose of holding onto office. They have expanded government regulation into every aspect of our lives and refused to deal seriously with mounting domestic problems such as illegal immigration. They have spent more time seeking the favors of K Street lobbyists than listening to the conservatives who brought them to power. And they have sunk us into the very sort of nation-building war that candidate George W. Bush promised to avoid, while ignoring rising threats such as communist China and the oil-rich "new Castro," Hugo Chavez.
Though his historical perspective of the past forty years is helpful, Viguerie seems at times to be stuck in the Goldwater era. This mindset is clearest when he opines that "Conservatives are, by nature, insurgents," despite the fact that conservatism is—and has ever been—a haven for supporters of the status quo and protectors of the powers-that-be.
Andrew Sullivan remarked:
What do conservative luminaries, Jeffrey Hart, Christopher Buckley, Bruce Bartlett, William Niskanen, Bruce Fein and Richard Viguerie have in common with yours truly? They all hope the Republicans lose this November. For the sake of conservatism and the country.
That's something on which both liberals and (some) conservatives can agree on.
This page contains a single entry by cognitivedissident published on September 16, 2006 8:52 AM.
American Liberalism and the Euston Manifesto was the previous entry in this blog.
Lawrence Wright on jihadism is the next entry in this blog.


text:
COVID In Minnesota: 78 More Deaths Reported; Rolling Positivity Rate Still Reaching New HighsThe ongoing spike in the state's rolling average positivity rate is still rising, but at a slower rate than was reported last week. It currently stands at 23.7% as of the latest reports, adding distance to the current moment's status as the highest recorded positivity rate since the start of the pandemic.
Squad Cam Footage, Investigative File Released In Hennepin Co. Sheriff DWI CrashPhotographs and squad car camera footage taken on the scene of Hennepin County Sheriff David Hutchinson's DWI crash in early December were released Thursday morning.
Hormel 2Q Profit Rises, Boosts Full-Year Outlook
Filed Under:Austin, Hormel, Profits
(credit: Hormel Foods)
AUSTIN, Minn. (AP) — Hormel Foods Corp.'s fiscal second-quarter profit climbed 41 percent despite facing rising food costs, helped by strong performance from refrigerated foods like deli meats and Jennie-O Turkey.
The maker of Spam and Dinty Moore stew also raised its full-year earnings outlook.
READ MORE: COVID In Minnesota: 78 More Deaths Reported; Rolling Positivity Rate Still Reaching New Highs
Like many food makers, Hormel has been dealing with higher ingredient costs and has raised its prices to help cope. Hormel said it expects to face higher costs for the rest of the year and will continue to raise prices and cut costs to offset this.
"We believe our strong portfolio of brands and our balanced model will allow us to overcome those obstacles," said CEO Jeffrey Ettinger.
The Austin, Minn.-based company said its net income rose to $109.6 million, or 40 cents per share, for the three months ended May 1, up from $77.9 million, or 29 cents per share, a year ago. Analysts expected a slightly higher 41 cents per share, according to Fact Set.
Revenue increased 15 percent to $1.96 billion from $1.7 billion. That was much better than the $1.82 billion analysts predicted.
All results reflect a two-for-one stock split Hormel implemented Feb. 1.
READ MORE: Squad Cam Footage, Investigative File Released In Hennepin Co. Sheriff DWI Crash
Shares fell 43 cents to $29.59 in pre-market trading after rising earlier.
Sales of Hormel's largest segment, refrigerated foods, which make up more than half of Hormel's total revenue, rose nearly 17 percent. Top sellers were Hormel party trays and deli meats.
Sales of Jennie-O Turkey, which makes up 19 percent of total revenue, rose 25 percent, helped by cost cuts and stronger commodity meat markets.
Grocery products revenue edged up 1.4 percent, boosted by sales of Spam, Hormel bacon toppings, Hormel Kitchen hash and Dinty Moore stew, while sales of microwave products and imported canned meats were weaker.
Specialty foods revenue rose 4 percent, with operating profit hindered by higher raw material costs.
The company now expects full-year net income of $1.67 to $1.73 per share, up from prior guidance of $1.62 to $1.68 per share. Analysts expect $1.71 per share.
MORE NEWS: Minneapolis Home + Remodeling Show
Squad Cam Footage, Investigative File Released In Hennepin Co. Sheriff DWI Crash


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gallery all presents michael young – my collection. design miami 2018.
all the work in the collection will be composed of polished stainless steel with white enamel surfaces. each piece consists of a cluster of hollow metal extrusions capped at each end and covered with enamel.
design miami basel celebrates 10th year.


From the time I had my stroke in February 2002, an embolic cerebrovascular accident with severe aphasia, I struggled for my freedom, to be seen, heard and listened to by businesses, governmental agencies and religious institutions. In the main they dealt with me as invisible, voiceless, and politically isolated. In the continuum of raw passions I experienced a gamut of emotions that desecrated me, my spirit and my memories, when I wasn't able to pray for my son, Robert, in a respectful manner because of my aphasia and the time limitations placed on the religious services; it seems sacrilegious.
The most impious action was caused by the nicest people because they misunderstood aphasia and heartbreak felt by aphasiacs when they couldn't pray for their love ones. These were not the Fools of Chelm, written by Isaac Bashevis Singer, a Nobel Prize-winning Jewish writer in the Yiddish language; on the contrary their leaders were competent and normal; and it occurred this past April 16. That day I wanted to pray, to memorialized and recall my son Robert, his legacy to me, and the beauty when he was a little boy, the times we played basketball, baseball, and football. We went bike riding. He was a proficient skier. My son was sweet, sensitive, and bright. He was a good researcher, enjoyed books by David Baldacci and was knowledgeable about politics. The last few years we had breakfast together at least once a week when possible, we had a smer of vegetable cream cheese, an onion and a tomato on a whole wheat bagel. We were political junkies, Obama, the economy, Afghanistan, the military-industrial complex and the government's role in the drug traffic during the Reagan administration. He joined me in his teen years for the Jewish High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Rob was fiercely loyal. But he was not able to protect himself from life and people.
He is my son and I miss him intensely every day so I commemorate his yahrzeit, the Jewish anniversary of his death, by reciting the mourner's version of the Kaddish prayer in a conservative Synagogue or shul. The truth be told I can't pray in the shul at this time because my aphasia holds me back as does my Hebrew. But with time I know that I could read again the Hebrew words; it will take time but it is doable. But the speed by which the other congregants say the prayer makes it impossible for me to say each word distinctly so it has meaning for me. Although my religion allows me to recite the mourner's version of the Kaddish prayer at home at my own pace it is preferable for me to join in the minyan, a quorum of ten Jewish adults required for certain religious obligations including mourner's version of the Kaddish prayer. I know that Rob would want that respect for him and me so it is essential for me to say the mourner's prayer each word distinctly at my own pace. I could work hard on my Hebrew but congregants would have to slow down immensely; isn't it sacrilegious if they don't do this?
The spirit and soul of an aphasiac is tried every day by business, agencies and religions. What are the other substantive issues that aphasiacs hardly talk about but means a lot to them?


The plunge in Fonterra's forecast dairy payout to a seven-year low for farmers will create a $6 billion economic black hole, showing yet again that National's failure to diversify is hurting the economy, Labour's Finance spokesperson Grant Robertson says.
"The fall in the forecast dairy payout means there will be $6 billion less than expected to go into the economy.
"Not only does this mean less consumer spending and stunted growth, it also puts the Government's golden surplus target at risk.
"New Zealand is far too reliant on the dairy industry. Instead of fixing that and growing other sectors, Steven Joyce and Bill English are even more obsessed than ever with their milky way. They have made a mockery of their promise to rebalance the economy.
"New Zealand needs a modern, diverse economy that creates well-paying jobs across all industries. Under this Government all we are seeing is more reliance on dairy and a stuttering economy as a result," Grant Robertson says.


text:
Three men arrested after police cars torched in suspected arson attack
No one was injured in the incident which happened in the early hours of Monday morning, but the station building was damaged.
Monday 1 April 2019 15:07, UK
Image: The police cars were set alight outside Goldthorpe police station in South Yorkshire
Three men have been arrested for suspected arson and criminal damage after two police cars were set alight outside a South Yorkshire police station.
South Yorkshire Police (SYP) said in a statement two of the force's marked vehicles were deliberately torched and "completely destroyed" outside the station in Goldthorpe, around 20 miles (32km) north of Sheffield.
No one was injured in the incident, which happened in the early hours of Monday morning, the force said, but the station building was damaged.
Pictures issued by force showed the charred remains of two cars, which appeared to be estate vehicles.
Image: The cars were destroyed in a suspected arson attack
The force could not confirm the makes and models or the cost of replacing them.
Some of one side of the station building was blackened after suffering fire damage.
A spokeswoman said: "At around 2.10am, it was reported that the two cars were on fire at Goldthorpe police station.
More from South Yorkshire
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"Damage has also been caused to the side of the building and a council van. No-one was injured in the incident."
Image: Firefighters search one of the burned-out vehicles
She said three men from Barnsley aged 35, 33 and 18, were arrested shortly afterwards on suspicion of causing criminal damage and arson.
Image: No one was injured in the incident
They remain in custody.
In a Facebook post, Chief Inspector Mark James, from Barnsley, said: "This reckless incident has left two operational police cars extensively damaged and behaviour like this will not be tolerated."


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