3. Transfer to, and vesting in, the Central Government of Amritsar Oil Works.
5. Power of Central Government to direct vesting of the Amritsar Oil Works in a Government company.
6. The Amritsar Sugar Mills Company to be liable for certain prior liabilities.
8. Management, etc; of Amritsar Oil Works.
9. Duty of persons in charge of management of Amritsar Oil Works to deliver assets, etc.
10. Duty of persons to account for assets etc.
11. Duty of Amritsar Sugar Mills Company to furnish particulars.
16. Priority in relation to claims.
An Act to provide for the acquisition and transfer of the right, title and interest of the undertakings of the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company in relation to the Amritsar Oil Works with a view to sustaining and strengthening the nucleus of public owned or controlled units required for ensuring supply of wholesome vanaspathi an refined edible oils to the public at reasonable prices and thereby to give effect to the policy of the State towards securing the principles specified in clauses (b) and (c) of article 39 of the Constitution.
AND WHEREAS it is necessary to acquire the undertakings of the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company in relation to the said Amritsar Oil Works for sustaining and strengthening the nucleus of public owned or controlled units required for ensuring supply of wholesome vanaspati and refined edible oils to the public at reasonable prices.
1. Short title.-This Act may be called the Amritsar Oil Works (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1982.
Object and Reasons The Amritsar Sugar Mills Company Limited is a public limited company incorporated in 1924 with its head office at Amritsar. It has two units, viz., the Amritsar Oil Works, Amritsar and the Amritsar Sugar Mills at Rohankalan, Uttar Pradesh. The company was not being managed in a manner befitting its size and position. This led to gross mismanagement and grave financial irregularities in its working. As a result, the Amritsar Oil Works remained closed for nearly 18 months. The management of the Amritsar Oil Works, one of the two units of the company was, therefore, taken over in September, 1974 by the Central Government under section 18AA of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951. The Amritsar Sugar Mills at Rohankalan had initially been taken over for management by the Government of Uttar Pradesh under the Defence of India Rules. Later, on the expiry of the Defence of India Rules, it was taken over by the Government of Uttar Pradesh under the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act.Since then the unit is being managed by a receiver appointed by the Government of Uttar Pradesh.
2. The Amritsar Oil Works along with the Ganesh Flour Mills Company Limited, an undertaking also managed by the Central Government under section 18AA of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951, have been refining crude rapeseed oil imported from abroad for supply to the public distribution system all over the country. It has also been producing wholesome vanaspati for sale at reasonable prices in the open market. The unit has, thus, been playing an important role in the supply of commodities essential to the needs of the common man. It is intended further to extend the role of this unit by means of expansion of its production capacity and diversification of its production function as a part of the nucleus of the instrumentalities under the public sector so as to provide Government a commanding rolein the regulation of the edible oil economy. Certain schemes for this purpose are under preparation.
3. The Amritsar Oil Works had a negative networth at the time of its take-over in September, 1974 and on its own it was not in a position to raise the necessary funds and provide the managerial inputs to bring it back to running condition. Under the management of the Government financial loan was provided by the Industrial Reconstruction Corporation of India and guarantee for working capital was provided by the State Bank of India. Besides this, considerable managerial and technical inputs have been provided to bring the Amritsar Oil Works to its current healthy situation. In order to enableit to play the role envisaged for it under Government's policy for regulating the edible oil economy, it is necessary to make further investments for modernisation of its machinery and diversification of its activities. It is felt that further investments for such purposes should be preceded by some arrangement which ensures continuity of management of the Amritsar Oil Works under the Central Government. It is, therefore, proposed to acquire the undertakings of the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company Ltd. in relation to the Amritsar Oil Works.
4. The Bill seeks to achieve the above objects.- Gazette of India, 4-10-1982, Pt. II, Section 2, Ext., p. 14 (No. 44).
(j) words and expressions used herein and not defined but defined in the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), have the meanings, respectively, assigned to them in that Act.
3. Transfer to, and vesting in, the Central Government of Amritsar Oil Works.-On the appointed day, the Amritsar Oil Works and the right, title and interest of the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company in relation to the Amritsar Oil Works shall, by virtue of this Act, stand transferred to, and shall vest in, the Central Government.
4. General effect of vesting.- (1) The Amritsar Oil Works shall be deemed to include all assets, rights, lease-holds, powers authorities and privileges and all property, movable and immovable, including lands, buildings, workshops, stores, interments, machinery and equipment, cash balances, cash in hand, reserve funds, investments and book debts pertaining to the Amritsar Oil Works, and all other rights and interests in, or arising out of, such property as were immediately before the appointed day in the ownership, possession, power or control of the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company, in relation to the Amritsar Oil Works, whether within or outside India, and all books of account, registers and other documents of whatever nature relating thereto.
(2) All properties as aforesaid which have vested in the Central Government under section 3 shall, by force of such vesting, be freed and discharged from any trust, obligation, mortgage, charge, lien and all other incumbrances affecting them, and any attachment, injunction or decree or order of any court or other authority, restricting the use of such properties in any manner or appointing any receiver in respect of the whole or any part of such properties shall be deemed to have been with drawn.
(3) Every mortgagee of any property which has vested under this Act in the Central Government and every person holding any charge, lien or other interest inn, or in relation to, any such property shall give, within such time and in such manner as may be prescribed, an intimation to the Commissioner of such mortgage, charge, lien or other interest.
(4) For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the mortgagee of any property referred to in sub-section (3) or any other person holding any charge, lien or other interest in, or in relation, to any such property shall be entitled to claim, in accordance with his rights and interests, payment of ht mortgagee money or other dues, in whole or in part, out of amounts specified in section 7, but no such mortgage, charge, lien or other interest shall be enforceable against any property which has vested in the Central Government.
(5) Any licence or other instrument granted to the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company in relation to the Amritsar Oil Works which has vested in the Central Government under section 3 at any time before the appointed day and in force immediately before that day shall continued to be in force on and after such day in accordance with its tenor in relation to, and for the purposes of, the Amritsar Oil Works, and on and from the date of vesting of the Amritsar Oil Works, under section 5 in a Government company, that Government company shall be deemed to be substituted in such licence or other instrument as if such licence or other instrument had been granted to that Government company and that Government company shall hold it for the remainder of the period for which the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company to which it was granted would have held it under the terms thereof.
(6) If, on the appointed day any suit, appeal or other proceeding of whatever nature instituted or preferred by or against the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company in relation the Amritsar Oil Works, is pending, the same shall not abate, be discontinued or be, in any way, prejudicially, affected by reason of the transfer of the Amritsar Oil Works or of any thing contained in this Act, but the suit, appeal or other proceeding may be continued, prosecuted or enforced by or against the Central Government or Where the Amritsar Oil Works are directed to vest in a Government company under section 5, by or against the Government company.
5. Power of Central Government to direct vesting of the Amritsar Oil Works in a Government company.- (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in sections 3 and 4, the Central Government may, if it is satisfied that a Government company is willing to company, or has complied, with such terms and conditions as that Government may think fit to impose, direct, by notification, that the Amritsar Oil Works and the right, title and interest of the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company in relation to the Amritsar Oil Works which have vested in the Central Government under section 3, shall, instead of continuing to vest in the Central Government, vest in that Government company either on the date of the notification or on such earlier or later date (not being a date earlier than the appointed day) as may be specified in the notification.
(2) Where the right, title and interest in relation to the Amritsar Oil Works vest in a Government company under sub-section (1) , the Government company shall, on and from the date of such vesting, be deemed to have become the owner of the Amritsar Oil Works and all the rights and liabilities of the Central Government in relation to Amritsar Oil Works shall, on and from the date so such vesting, be deemed to have been the rights and liabilities, respectively, of the Government company.
6. The Amritsar Sugar Mills Company to be liable for certain prior liabilities.- (1) Every liability, other than the liability specified under sub-section (2) , of the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company in relation to the Amritsar Oil Works in respect of any period prior to the appointed day shall be the liability of the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company and shall be enforceable against it and not against the Central Government company, against the Government company.
(2) Any liability in respect of the amount advanced after the date of taking of to the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company in relation to the Amritsar Oil Works together with interest due thereon and the wages salaries and other dues of persons employed in the Amritsar Oil Works in respect of any period after the date of taking over shall, on and from the appointed day, be the liability of the Central Government and shall be discharged by the Central Government or, for and on behalf of that Government, by the Government company as and when repayment of such amount becomes due or as and when such wages, salaries and other dues become due and payable.
(c) no liability incurred by the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company before the Appointed day, for the contravention, in relation to the Amritsar Oil Works, of any provision of law for the time being in force, shall be enforceable against the Central Government or the Government company, as the case may be.
7. Payment of amount.- (1) For the transfer to, and vesting in, the Central Government, under section 3 of the Amritsar Oil Works and the right title and interest of the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company in relation to that Works, there shall be given by the Central Government to the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company, in cash and in the manner specified in CHAPTER VI, an amount equal to a sum of sixty-four lakhs, forty-eight thousand, nine hundred and forty-four rupees and sixty-five paise.
(2) In addition to the amount specified in sub-section (1) , there shall also be given to the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company by the Central Government an amount calculated at the rate of ten thousand rupees per annum for the deprivation of the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company of the management of its Amritsar Oil Works for the period commencing on the date of taking over and ending with the appointed day.
(b) where no such direction has been made by the Central Government, vest in one or more Custodians appointed by the Central Government under sub-section (2) , and thereupon the Government company so specified or the Custodian or Custodians so appointed, as the case may be, shall be entitled to exercise, to the exclusion of all other persons, all such powers and do all such things as the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company is authorised or exercise and do in relation to its Amritsar Oil Works.
(2) The Central Government may appoint one or more individuals or a Government company as the Custodian or Custodians of the Amritsar Oil Works in relation to which no direction has been made by it under sub-section (1) of section 5.
(3) The Custodian or Custodians so appointed shall receive, from the funds of the Amritsar Oil Works, such remuneration as the Central Government may fix and shall hold office during the pleasure of the Central Government.
(4) The Custodian or Custodians of the Amritsar Oil Works shall maintain an account of the Amritsar Oil Works in such form and manner and under such condition as may be prescribed and the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, shall apply to the audit of the accounts so maintained as they apply to the audit of the accounts so maintained as they apply to the audit of the accounts of a company.
9. Duty of persons in charge of management of Amritsar Oil Works to deliver assets, etc.- On the vesting in the Central Government or a Government company of the Amritsar Oil Works, all persons in charge of the management of the Amritsar Oil Works immediately before the date of such vesting, shall be bound to deliver to the Central Government or the Government company or to such person or body of persons as the Central Government or the Government company may specify in this behalf, all assets, books of account, registers or other documents in their custody relating to the Amritsar Oil Works.
10. Duty of persons to account for assets etc.- (1) Every person who has, on the appointed day, in his possession or under his control any assts, books, documents or other papers relating to the Amritsar Oil Works which has vested in the Central Government or Government company under this Act, and which belongs to the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company or would have so belonged if the Amritsar Oil Works had not vested in the Central Government or the Government company, as the case may be, and shall deliver them up to the Central Government or the Government company or to such person or body of persons as the Central Government or the Government company may specify in this behalf.
(2) The Central Government may take or cause to be taken all necessary steps for securing possession of the Amritsar Oil Works which has vested in it under section 3.
11. Duty of Amritsar Sugar Mills Company to furnish particulars.- The Amritsar Sugar Mills Company shall, within such period as the Central Government may allow in this behalf, furnish to that Government a complete inventory of all its properties and assets as on the appointed day, pertaining to the Amritsar Oil Works which has vested in the Central Government under section 3, and for this purpose the Central Government or the Government company shall afford the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company all reasonable facilities.
and shall hold office or service under the Central Government or the Government company, as the case may be, with the same rights and privileges as to pension, gratuity and other like matters as would have been admissible to him if there had been no such vesting and shall continue to do so unless and until his employment under the Central Government or the Government or the Government company, as the case may be.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947), or in any other law for the time being in force, the transfer of the services of any officer or other person employed in the Amritsar Oil Works to the Central Government or the Government company shall not entitle such officer or other employee to any compensation under this Act or any other law for the time being in force and no such claim shall be entertained by any court, tribunal or other authority.
13. Provident fund and other funds.- (1) Where the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company has established a provident fund, superannuation fund, welfare fund or other fund for the benefit of persons employed in the Amritsar Oil Works the monies relatable to the officers and other employees whose services had become transferred by or under this Act to the Central Government or the Government company shall, out of the monies standing on the appointed day, to the credit of such provident fund, superannuation fund welfare fund or other fund, stand transferred to, and vest in, the Central Government or the Government compare as the case may be.
14. Appointment of Commissioner of Payments.- (1) The Central Government shall, for the purpose of disbursing the amounts payable under section 7 to the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company, by notification, appoint a Commissioner of Payments.
15. Payment by the Central Government to the Commissioner.-(1) The Central Government shall, within thirty days from the specified date, pay, in cash, to the Commissioner, for payment to the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company, an amount equal to the amounts specified in section 7.
(3) Interest accruing on the amount standing to the credit of the deposit account referred to in sub-section (2) shall ensure to the benefit of the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company.
Provided that where the secured debts are due to different creditors by reason of the hypothecation of different assets to them, such debts shall be repaid in full in accordance with the rights and interests of such creditors.
(c) all sums deducted by the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company from the salary or wages of any employee of the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company in relation to the Amritsar Oil Works for credit to any provident fund or any other fund established for the welfare of the employees but not deposited to the credit of such funds.
(3) The debts specified in sub-section (2) shall rank equally among themselves and be paid in full, unless the balance of the amount left after meeting the liabilities referred to in sub-section (1) is insufficient to meet them, in which case they shall abate in equal proportions and be paid accordingly.
18. Proof of claims.- (1) The Commissioner shall fix a date on or before which every claimant shall file the proof of his claim failing which he will be excluded from the benefit of the disbursements made by the Commissioner.
(4) The Commissioner shall, after such investigation as may, in his opinion, be necessary and after giving the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company an opportunity of refuting the claim and after giving the claimant a reasonable opportunity of being heard, by order, in writing, admit or reject the claim in whole or in part.
(6) Any investigation before the Commissioner shall be deemed to be a judicial proceeding within the meaning of sections 193 and 228 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860.)and the Commissioner shall be deemed to be a civil court for the purpose of section 195 and CHAPTER XXVI of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973(2 of 1974).
Provided that where a person who is a Judge of a High Court is appointed to be the Commissioner, such appeal shall lie to the High Court of Punjab and Haryana and such appeal shall be heard and disposed of by not less than two Judges of that High Court.
19. Disbursement of money by the Commissioner to claimants.-Where, after meeting the claims admitted by him of secured creditors, and unsecured creditors having priority under sub-section (2) of section 16, the total amount of the claims of other unsecured creditors admitted by the Commissioner does not exceed the balance of the amount left after meeting the liabilities referred to in sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 16, every admitted claim of such other unsecured creditors, shall rank equally among themselves and be paid in full, and the balance, if any, shall be paid to the Amritsar Sugar Mills Company; but where such amount is insufficient to meet in full the total amount of such admitted claims, all such claims shall abate in equal proportions and be paid accordingly.
20. Undisbursed or unclaimed amount to be deposited to the general revenue account.- Any money paid to the Commissioner which remains undisbursed or unclaimed on the date immediately preceding the date on which the office of the Commissioner is finally wound up, shall be paid by the Commissioner, before his office is finally wound up to the general revenue account of the Central Government; but a claim to any money so transferred may be preferred to the Central Government by the person entitled to such payment and shall be dealt with as if such transfer had not been made, and the order, if any, for payment of the claim being treated as an order for the refund of the revenue.
21. Act to have overriding effect.- The provisions of this Act shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any other law for the time being in force or in any instrument having effect by virtue of any law, other than this Act, or in any decree or order of any court, tribunal or other authority.
(b) except after giving the parties to the contract a reasonable opportunity of being heard and except after recording in writing its reasons for refusal to ratify the contract or for making any alternation or modification therein.
(f) wrongfully removes or destroys any property forming part of the Amritsar Oil Works or prefers any claim under this Act which he knows or has reason to believe to be false or grossly inaccurate, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) , where any offence under this Act has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
25. Protection of action taken in good faith.- (1) No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against the Central Government or any officer of that Government or the Government company or other person authorised by that Government or the Government company for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act.
(2) No suit or other legal proceeding shall lie against the Central Government or any of its officers or other employees of the Government company or any officer or other person authorised by that company for any damage caused or likely to be caused by anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act.
26. Delegation of powers.- (1) The Central Government may, by notification, direct that all or any of the powers exercisable by it under this Act, other than the powers conferred by section 27 and 28, may also be exercised by such person or persons as may be specified in the notification.
27. Power to make rules.-(1) The Central Government may, by notification, make rules for carrying out of the provisions of this Act.


Day 95. Your body = home. Time to renovate?
How well do you know your body? Do you know what type of foods agrees or disagrees with you?
Or are you going blindly second guessing eating things that you know don't feel good afterwards and wonder why you bloat up, get fat and feel below average?
Are you a person who has taken the time really get to know their 'home' who takes pride decorating, introducing only the best items to it, treats it with respect and listens to its messages.
We only get ONE body.. I haven't see a 'body mall or shop' where can exchange our old worn out models and zip up an upgraded version. Have you?Your body is your home that you take everywhere you go.
What is the N#1 body goal that you can commit to yourself right now, the one that would be the biggest game changer and what are the top three actions you need to make to make this happen?
Write it down and share! Awareness is the first step to any transformation.
Love your body as "it" only has love for YOU!


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…named Tom Phillips, and you will buy his new iPad app.
Not convinced? Well, look no further than A Humument, one of the latest additions to the iPad collection based on Phillips' infamous fine art book of the same name.
Considered to be a "seminal classic of postmodern art," the multi-talented British artist created the hard copy of A Humument in 1966 when he decided to find a second-hand book for exactly three pence and physically alter each page through collage techniques in order to create an entirely new version. The lucky original (which was found in a South London junk shop) was an 1892 obscurity by W. H. Mallock entitled A Human Document, and the first edition of the transformed version was published in 1973 as A Humument. A Human Document = A Hum(an Doc)ument = A Humument.
Developed by Phillips and John Bowring, the iPad version features 367 full color pages and a new interactive feature, The Oracle (cue spooky music). Similar to I Ching, the ancient Chinese Book of Changes, The Oracle randomly selects two pages of A Humument to act as a guide for life, luck, and…love? Only The Oracle knows.
Oh, and by the way, in addition to being a well-known artist, Mr. Phillips also wrote the libretto for AOP's First Chance opera-in-development Heart of Darkness, a new opera composed by Tarik O'Regan and based on the novella by Joseph Conrad. Which will have its world premiere at the Linbury Studio Theater in 2011. Talk about multi-tasking. And multi-talented.
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LONGMONT — One of just two remaining unbeaten teams in Class 4A, the Longmont boys know Colorado is watching and waiting for them to slip up or have an off night.
They're well aware how they play each night is interpreted either as a show of dominance or a sign of vulnerability by those who endeavor to knock off the reigning state champions.
On Friday night, the Trojans chose dominance. And the signal was clear as ever.
Ranked No. 2 in Class 4A, the Trojans used a 78-38 home victory against No. 9 Greeley Central to make it clear that they don't intend to let up until after they've crossed the finish line again at the end of this season.
"It just felt like a statement game," said Trojans senior Calvin Seamons, who stamped an exclamation point on his team's statement with an alley-oop dunk in the third quarter. "They're a good team and it was a big conference matchup so we had to come to play. We know Lewis-Palmer (No. 1) is in the gym. We know Holy Family (No. 3) is in the gym. So we just wanted to send a statement out to everybody."
With a commanding lead in the Northern League standings, the Trojans (16-0, 7-0) have been incredible at the defensive end of the floor. They continued their defensive dominance against the Wildcats (11-5, 4-3), holding the visiting team's top scorers — Jackson Hayslip (22.1 ppg) and Spencer Conway (13.3 ppg) — to a combined 21 points.
Through 16 games, Longmont has held its opponents to an average of 41.25 points. Their defensive efforts have allowed the Trojans to win their first 16 games by an average margin of 27.3 points.
"Man, we worked hard tonight," Longmont head coach Jeff Kloster said. "The tone of the game was set at the defensive end. We knew they were a dribble-drive team and we knew numbers (Hayslip and Conway) were their two cogs. We made them work hard and take difficult looks every time down the floor.
"The kids really enjoyed tonight. They were very unselfish and played like a typical unselfish team. They rewarded each other at the offensive end and we got into a tremendous rhythm once that transition game of ours took effect."
Including a season-high 88 points against Northridge on Tuesday, the Trojans are averaging 83 points in their last two games.
Longmont's trio of double-figure scorers — Beck Page, Brady Renck and Seamons — combined to score 43 points against the Wildcats. Ten different Trojans scored at least two points, and junior Ryan Schneider scored all 10 of his points to help pace a 28-point Longmont second quarter that gave the Trojans a 43-17 halftime lead.
The most points Schneider, who transferred to Longmont from Faith Christian, had scored in an entire game prior to Friday night was 12.
"Ryan Schneider really came through tonight," Kloster said. "He's a hard worker and he has just been patiently waiting. He's a coach's dream as far as someone new coming into your program, being all-in and having a great basketball IQ. That's him."
Page hit four 3-pointers to score a game-high 18 points for the Trojans, who led by more than 30 points to begin the fourth quarter. At the end of the third quarter Seamons brought the home crowd to its feet with his breakaway alley-oop courtesy of an off-the-backboard pass from Renck, who finished the game with 10 assists.
Longmont and Greeley Central will meet again in both team's regular-season finale on Feb. 13 at Greeley Central. Set to begin the second turn through the Northern League schedule, the Trojans will be back in action at Thompson Valley on Tuesday night.
Conway 3 0-0 6, Hayslip 4 7-11 15, Blackburn 0 0-0 0, Kingsford 1 0-1 2, Knox 3 0-2 7, Hernandez 0 0-0 0, Arrendondo 3 0-0 8, Munguia 0 0-0 0, Ndayishimiye 0 0-0 0. Totals 14 7-14 38.
Schneider 4 1-1 10, Yazzie 0 0-0 0, Derksen 1 2-3 4, Renck 5 2-4 12, Elkins 3 2-2 8, Dye 1 0-0 2, Dehning 2 2-4 7, Rulon 0 2-2 2, Sprecher 1 0-0 2, Page 4 6-7 18, Seamons 5 3-6 13. Totals 26 20-29 78.
3-point field goals — Greeley Central (3): Arrendondo 2, Knox; Longmont (6): Page 4, Dehning, Schneider. Total fouls — Greeley Central 24, Longmont 17. Fouled out — Arrendondo.


text:
T 0770/01 () of 13.11.2002
G03F 9/00
Surface position detecting method and apparatus and scanning exposure method and apparatus
CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Main request - novelty (yes, after amendment)
Main request - inventive step (yes)
I. The appellant (applicant) lodged an appeal against the decision of the examining division refusing European patent application No. 96 305 593.4 (publication No. 0 762 215).
In the decision under appeal, the examining division referred inter alia to the following documents:
D2: US-A-5 194 893
D4: EP-A-0 585 041
and held that the subject matter of claim 1 of the main request then on file, and on which the appellant had expressly requested a decision, was not new (Articles 52(1) and 54 EPC) over the implicit disclosure of document D2 and in any case did not involve an inventive step (Articles 52(1) and 56 EPC) with regard to the combination of the disclosure of any of documents D3 or D4 with the teaching of document D2.
II. In reply to a communication from the board annexed to summons to attend oral proceedings, the appellant filed a new set of claims according to a main and a first and a second auxiliary request and subsequently replaced the documents according to the main request by a new set of amended claims 1 and 2 and a new set of description pages 1 to 34 filed with the letter dated 25. September 2002, the text of claim 1 on page 36 according to the main request being then replaced by an amended page 36 filed with the letter dated 4 November 2002. The appellant requested that the decision under appeal be set aside and a patent be granted on the basis of the main request or, alternatively, on the basis of the first or the second auxiliary request. The appellant also requested cancellation of the oral proceedings in the event that the board considered the main request to be allowable.
III. The wording of claims 1 and 2, the only claims according to the main request, reads as follows:
" 1. An exposure method for transferring a pattern from a reticle (2) to regions of a planar wafer (4) by means of a projection optical system (1), the wafer (4) having a plurality of regions and each region having a surface pattern in which areas of that region are relatively offset in a direction (Z) perpendicular to the plane of the wafer, the method comprising the steps of:
performing initial measurements of the surface position (Zjk) of the wafer in said direction (Z) at a plurality of corresponding measurement points (j, k) within each of a number of regions;
determining the position of a best exposure image plane for said surface pattern;
calculating a correction amount (Cjk) representing the difference between each measured surface position (Zjk) and the corresponding best image plane position;
storing positional information relative to said plurality of measurements points (j, k) and their respective calculated correction amounts (Cjk);
performing further surface position measurements (Zjk) at said plurality of measurement points (j, k) in each region during exposure of that region;
correcting said further surface position measurements at each measurement point (j, k) on the basis of the stored correction amount (Cjk) corresponding to the respective measurement point; and
moving the wafer in the said direction (Z) to the best exposure image plane on the basis of the corrected further surface position measurements;
wherein:
said exposure step is a scanning exposure step;
said initial measurements (Zjk) and said further surface position measurements are performed at a number of measurement points (k) which during scanning are positioned within the corresponding region at different scanning positions (j) arrayed along the scan direction;
the correction amounts (Cjk) are based on at least the difference in pattern structure among the measurement points, and the wafer motion in the said direction (Z) at each measurement point during the scan exposure of the same is performed while correcting the further surface position measurement at that measurement point on the basis of the stored correction amount (Cjk) corresponding to that measurement point (j, k);
and said best image plane position is determined taking into account the initial measurements (Zjk)."
" 2. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device comprising performing the exposure method of claim 1, and fabricating a semiconductor device from the exposed wafer."
The wording of the claims according to the auxiliary requests is not relevant for the present decision.
IV. The appellant's argumentation in support of the main request is essentially the following:
The invention relates to a surface position detecting method and, more particularly, to a surface position detecting method applicable to a slit-scan type or scanning type exposure method for continuously detecting the position or tilt of the surface of a wafer with respect to the direction of an optical axis of a projection optical system. In the claimed invention, offset values, i.e. correction values at different points disposed along the scan direction within a shot area are detected beforehand by a surface position measurement, these offset values differing in dependence upon the pattern structure of the shot area and on the positions within the shot area at which the measurements are made. Subsequently, during the scanning exposure, the surface position at these points is measured, the measurements are corrected according to the corresponding correction values and the wafer is then moved on the basis of these corrected measurements. These features are neither disclosed in, nor rendered obvious by the prior art. In particular, document D2 discloses a scanning exposure method and teaches adjusting the wafer height on the basis of the surface position measurements, but fails to disclose correction of the surface position measurements as a function of the scan position. Document D3 concerns stepwise motion of the wafer and does not concern a scanning exposure method. It teaches producing height information at each point on the basis of which the wafer height for the next shot is then adjusted. Document D4 mentions the difference in pattern structure, but relates to a stationary exposure technique. Even the combination of these documents would not suggest the sequential correction of the surface position measurements during the scanning exposure of the wafer according to the claimed subject matter.
1. The appeal is admissible.
2. Main request - Compliance of the amendments with Article 123(2) EPC
2.1. Claim 1 derives from a combination of the features of independent claim 4 and dependent claims 5 and 6 as originally filed, wherein the feature defining the scanning movement of the reticle and the wafer relative to the projection optical system is now expressed in the amended claim by the reference to the scanning exposure step. In addition, the resulting combination has been clarified and supplemented with features from the original disclosure, and in particular with features based on the embodiment originally disclosed with reference to the flow chart shown in Figure 7.
Amended method claim 2 includes the method of amended claim 1 and is supported by claim 8 as originally filed which was appended to original claim 4.
Accordingly, the board is satisfied that amended claims 1 and 2 of the main request comply with the requirements of Article 123(2) EPC.
2.2. The description has been brought into conformity with the amended claims and supplemented with a brief summary of the relevant content of documents D2, D3 and D4 to comply with the requirements of Rules 27(1) (b) and (c) EPC. Other amendments concern the correction of obvious minor errors. The board is satisfied that these amendments are not objectionable under Article 123(2) EPC.
2.3. Accordingly, the application documents as amended according to the main request meet the requirements of Article 123(2) EPC.
3. Main request - Novelty
3.1. Document D2 discloses an exposure method of the scanning type for transferring a pattern from a reticle to a plurality of exposure regions of a planar wafer by means of a projection optical system (column 3, lines 1 to 37 and Figure 1), each exposure region having a surface pattern (column 6, lines 63 and 64 and Figure 3B). The surface position of the wafer at a plurality of measurement points within each of the exposure regions is measured during the scanning exposure of the wafer to determine the inclination and the position of the exposure region being exposed (column 6, lines 28 to 37, and column 6, line 57 to column 7, line 19, and Figures 3A and 3B). The inclination of the wafer and its position along the optical axis of the projection optical system is then controlled during exposure so as to bring the wafer exposure region to be exposed into coincidence with the best exposure image focal plane (Figures 4A to 4C and column 3, lines 38 to 54, column 6, lines 41 to 56, and column 7, line 33 to column 8, line 13).
The document, however, does not disclose the features of the subject matter of claim 1 relating to the calculation of the correction amounts on the basis of a surface position measurement performed on the wafer prior to exposure of the same, the correction during exposure of the wafer of a further surface position measurement on the basis of the correction amounts previously calculated, and the surface position measurement at measurement points which during scanning are positioned within each exposure region at different scan positions arrayed along the scan direction.
3.2. Documents D3 and D4 disclose methods for precisely detecting surface positions in a patterned wafer. A number of steps defined in claim 1 (performing initial measurements of the surface position, determining the position of a best exposure image plane, calculating a correction amount, storing positional information, performing further surface position measurements, correcting the further surface position measurements, and moving the wafer) are also included in the methods disclosed in these documents (see document D3, abstract and the disclosure with reference to Figures 1, 4 to 8 and 12, and in particular column 6, lines 27 to 68, column 9, line 18 to column 10, line 55, and column 12, lines 22 to 33; and document D4, abstract and the embodiment disclosed on page 14, line 3 to page 21, line 53 with reference to Figures 22 to 29).
However, while in claim 1 the surface position measurement and the corrected exposure process are both carried out while scanning the wafer, in both documents D3 and D4 they are carried out following a step-and-repeat technique.
3.3. The remaining documents on file do not come closer to the subject matter of claim 1 than documents D2, D3 and D4.
3.4. Accordingly, the subject matter of claim 1 according to the main request is novel within the meaning of Article 54 EPC over the prior art documents on file. The same conclusion applies to claim 2 according to the main request since the claim is directed to a method of fabricating a semiconductor device comprising, inter alia, performing the exposure method of claim 1.
4. Main request - Inventive step
4.1. The invention is primarily directed to the correction of the exposure process in a mask-to-wafer transfer exposure method of the scanning type (page 1 of the application, lines 5 to 14). Since document D2 already concerns the correction of the exposure process in a mask-to-wafer transfer exposure method of the scanning type and the exposure methods disclosed in documents D3 and D4 are not of the scanning but of the step-and-repeat type, in accordance with established practice of the Boards of Appeal (see "Case Law of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office", 4th edition, 2001; Chapter I, section D-3, and in particular subsection 3.4), the board considers document D2 to represent the most appropriate starting point for the assessment of inventive step according to the problem-solution approach.
4.2. The exposure method defined in claim 1 differs from the exposure method disclosed in document D2 essentially in the features identified in the second paragraph of point 3.1 above. According to the disclosure of the application, these distinguishing features have the effect of correcting the defocus of portions of the exposure regions of the wafer (Figure 4A and page 3, line 13 to page 4, line 1, and page 4, line 22 to page 6, line 1) caused by the presence of surface steps in the pattern structure of the exposure regions or shots already present in the wafer before exposure (Figure 3 and page 12, lines 11 to 13, and page 14, lines 5 to 7), thus improving the operation of continuously determining and correcting during scanning exposure the position of the portion of the exposure region being exposed with respect to the best exposure image plane (page 2, lines 15 to 22, and page 6, lines 11 to 16).
Accordingly, the objective problem solved by the exposure method defined in claim 1 with regard to document D2 may be seen in bringing the portion of the wafer surface to be exposed into registration with the exposure image plane when the wafer includes a plurality of exposure regions or shots previously formed thereon all having the same stepped surface pattern structure.
4.3. Although the problem formulated above is apparent in the disclosure of D2, this document explicitly teaches to carry out the correction of the position of the wafer during exposure without influence from the wafer surface pattern (see column 6, lines 60 to 64).
On the other hand, the problem formulated above has been considered in document D3 (column 2, lines 17 to 62, column 4, lines 34 to 36, column 6, lines 3 to 18, and column 13, lines 46 to 61) and in document D4 (page 2, lines 36 to 40, and page 3, lines 4 to 7) and solved in both documents according to a correction method similar to that of the method defined in claim 1 and involving in particular an initial process of surface position measurement and of correction calculation carried out before exposure and a process of correction of the surface position measurement performed on the wafer during exposure of the same (see the respective passages of these documents cited in point 3.2 above).
However, in the step-and-repeat exposure method according to each of documents D3 and D4 the position of the wafer during exposure of each of the exposure regions previously formed on the wafer is corrected so that the whole exposure region to be exposed is brought into registration with the exposure image plane (D3, column 10, lines 38 to 55 and flow chart shown in Figures 12A and 12B, and D4, page 21, lines 10 to 18). In addition, contrarily to these prior art documents, in claim 1 the measurements are performed at points which during scanning are positioned within the corresponding exposure region at different scan positions arrayed along the scan direction and the position of the wafer in the direction perpendicular to the wafer surface at each of the measurement points is corrected during scanning exposure on the basis of the corrected further surface position measurement at that measurement point, so that the position of the wafer is sequentially corrected as the exposure region is being exposed and the exposure image area reaches the measurements points arrayed within the exposure region along the scan direction. Therefore, even if it were assumed that the skilled person seeking to solve the problem formulated above would have considered the application of the correction method disclosed in any of documents D3 and D4 to the scanning exposure method disclosed in document D2, he would not have arrived at the method defined in claim 1. On the contrary, the application of the teaching of any of documents D3 and D4 to the exposure method of document D2 would result in an exposure method in which each exposure region previously formed in the wafer is brought into position for exposure and is then kept in such a position during the scanning exposure of the same, and not to an exposure method as claimed requiring during scan exposure the sequential correction of the position of the exposure region at each of a set of positions arrayed along the scan direction.
In addition, no teaching or suggestion can be found in any of documents D2, D3 and D4 that would have prompted the skilled person to further improve the combination of document D2 with any of documents D3 or D4 so as to arrive at the exposure method of claim 1.
For this reason, the method defined in claim 1 involves an inventive step over prior art documents D2, D3 and D4.
The remaining citations on file do not come closer to the claimed subject matter than documents D2, D3 and D4 and in the board's view they offer no reason to question the inventive step of the subject matter of claim 1.
4.4. In view of the foregoing, the board is of the opinion that the subject matter of claim 1 of the main request involves an inventive step within the meaning of Article 56 EPC with regard to the prior art on file. The same conclusion applies to claim 2 of the main request as the method defined in this claim includes the exposure method of claim 1.
5. Accordingly, the board concludes that the application documents according to the appellant's main request meet the requirements of the EPC and a patent can be granted on the basis thereof.
6. Subsidiary requests
Since the application documents according to the main request are allowable, the scheduled oral proceedings were cancelled. In addition, consideration of the application documents amended according to the appellant's auxiliary requests is not necessary.
For these reasons it is decided:
2. The case is remitted to the examining division with the order to grant a patent on the basis of the following application documents:
- claim 1 (first part) on page 35 and claim 2 according to the main request as filed with the letter dated 25. September 2002, and claim 1 (second part) on page 36. as filed with the letter dated 4 November 2002;
- description pages 1 to 34 as filed with the letter dated 25 September 2002; and
- drawing sheets 1/10 to 10/10 as originally filed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The first things I ever cooked were foraged. As a young kid, our house backed on to fields and from late summer into autumn they had an abundance of wild mushrooms.
Half an hour of sharp-eyed hunting would yield enough for a breakfast of mushrooms fried with the leftover new potatoes from the evening before, topped off with an egg. Mushrooms have never tasted so good since.
Samphire is a Lincolnshire gem. Found along the marshes from late July and August, it is similar in taste to spinach, but with the delicious tang of sea salt. When young, it can be eaten raw in salads. When steamed or boiled, it makes a perfect accompaniment to fish and lamb. It's not too dear if bought, but why buy it when you can get it for free!
l Know where you are going and be safe. Some places can be hazardous, especially the shoreline, if you don't know them well. Go with someone who knows the land if you're not sure.
l Know what you are looking for. Some mushrooms and berries are poisonous – others just taste revolting. Use a guide book, or ask someone who knows. If you're not sure, don't eat it!
l Be adventurous. Field mushrooms and blackberries are great, but there are so many tasty things to find and eat. Nettles make a great soup and wild garlic adds a subtle lift to lots of dishes.
l Never take more than you will use and leave some for the next person. Never pull plants up by the roots.
Rinse the samphire well in cold water, then steam or boil for 3 minutes. When cool enough to handle, gently remove the tough inner 'skeleton', leaving the rest of the samphire intact. Set aside.
In a large pan of salted boiling water, cook the linguini as you like it – 'al dente' if you like it slightly underdone, or softer as you prefer. Drain when ready.
Whilst the pasta is boiling, pop the mussels on top for a minute to cook. When they are opened, they are ready. Remove and set aside, leaving them in their shells.
In a large, wide pan (a wok is perfect), soften the butter in the olive oil and gentle soften the garlic. Add a good twist of black pepper.
Add the linguini, turning over in the flavoured oil and butter. Then add the samphire, cockles and mussels, and turn gently. Squeeze the lemon over the pasta, add seasoning, and give one last turn. Serve.


text:
Design Associate
Umi Baden-Powell
Home › Who we are › Our experts › Umi Baden-Powell
British Dominican architectural designer activist and creative strategist Umi Baden-Powell working across complex social contexts in the UK and the Global South. Educated at UCL, the Royal College of Art and alumni of the Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design, a design-led research centre that pioneered inclusive design to address social challenges.
Umi champions inclusive and participatory approaches, harnessing speculative and human centred principles to design spaces where innovation, productivity and creativity can all thrive.
Founding director of not-for-profit design consultancy insider-outsider and as an Associate with Public Practice Umi has led on Engagement for Newham Council's biggest Council house building programme since the 1970s.
Driven by a commitment to widening participation in the built environment, insider-outsider co-create ecological, inclusive, and collective architecture designed with under-represented stakeholders. This, Umi believes, is how we can open up possibilities to improve lives, build communities, heal cities, and recover our planet.


text:
class AddMailEncryptionToUserEmail < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def self.up
    add_column :user_emails, :mail_tls_encryption, :boolean
    add_column :user_emails, :device_id, :integer
  end

  def self.down
    remove_column :user_emails, :mail_tls_encryption
    remove_column :user_emails, :device_id
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
El Pollo Loco (LOCO) Reports Q4 Business Update, Comps Decline
Zacks Equity Research January 13, 2021
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Analyst Blog
El Pollo Loco Holdings, Inc. (
LOCO - Free Report) reported preliminary comparable restaurant sales for fiscal fourth quarter ended Dec 30, 2020. Following the announcement, shares of the company fell 3.2% during afterhours trading session on Jan 12.
Preliminary Comparable Sales
El Pollo Loco's operations during fiscal fourth quarter were negatively impacted by surge in COVID-19 cases particularly in Los Angeles.
During the quarter, system-wide comparable restaurant sales dropped 0.2% year over year against growth of 3.9% reported in the prior-year quarter. Also, company-operated comparable restaurant sales declined 3% year over year against growth of 4.3% in the prior-year quarter. Meanwhile, franchise restaurants moved up 1.8% year over year compared with 3.6% growth in the prior-year quarter.
In this regard, Bernard Acoca, president and chief executive officer of El Pollo Loco, stated, "As with much of the restaurant industry, during November and December many of our employees and customers have been impacted by the ongoing and increased spread of COVID-19, particularly in Los Angeles and the surrounding areas in which nearly 60% of our system restaurants are located."
Delivery Sales a Major Growth Driver
El Pollo Loco's delivery and digital sales have more than doubled from its pre-COVID-19 levels. In fiscal fourth quarter, delivery and digital sales increased 6% and 10% year over year, respectively.
Owing to the government-mandated closures of dining rooms, the company continues to operate on take-away, mobile pick-up and delivery basis. As a result, sales from drive thru have contributed 70% to total sales compared with 40% in early 2020.
In the past three months, shares of El Pollo Loco have gained 15.4% compared with the industry's 4.6% growth.
During the fiscal fourth quarter, the company incurred approximately $2.5 million in COVID-related expenses.
Although the virus has triggered a catastrophe in terms of lives lost and financial impact, El Pollo Loco is resilient enough to navigate through these uncertain times.
Considering the company's comparable restaurant sales performance, fiscal fourth-quarter revenues are anticipated in the range of $109.5-$110.5 million.
Zacks Rank & Key Picks
El Pollo Loco currently carries a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold). You can see the complete list of today's Zacks #1 Rank (Strong Buy) stocks here.
Some better-ranked stocks in the same space are Jack in the Box Inc. (
JACK - Free Report) , Arcos Dorados Holdings Inc. (
ARCO - Free Report) and Yum! Brands, Inc. (
YUM - Free Report) , each carrying a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy).
Jack in the Box has a three-five year earnings per share growth rate of 10.6%.
2021 earnings for Arcos Dorados and Yum! Brands are expected to rise 127.3% and 12.1%, respectively.
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Arthur J. Gallagher (AJG) Inks Deal to Buy Bollington Wilson


3D Photoluminescent Nanostructures Containing Quantum Dots Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization: Influence of Quantum Dots on the Spatial Resolution of Laser Writing.
Advanced Materials Technologies DOI: 10.1002/admt.201800522, 1800522.
WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2018.
One-step synthesis of a monolayer of monodisperse gold nanocubes for SERS substrates.
Journal of Material Chemistry C 5, 10813–10821.
Adsorption of uremic toxins over dealuminated zeolites.
Adsorption Science & Technology 35(1-2), 3–19.
Wavelength-scale light concentrator made by direct 3D laser writing of polymer metamaterials.
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 2(Part 1), 81–84.
Near-field optical imaging with a nanotip grown on fibered polymer microlens.
Applied physics letters 100(3), 033107–1-3.
L'holographie, une reconstruction par la lumière grâce à un matériau photostructurable.
Procédé de fabrication de nanoparticules métalliques.
Polymer nano-structuring induced one-shot fabrication of monodisperse metallic nanoparticles relevant for sensing.
PolymerChemistry, 26-28 Mars, Vienne, Autriche (2018).
Nanostructuration à deux photons de photopolymères fonctionnels pour la nanolithographie 3D : applications en photonique et en biodétection.
Colloque PolyRay, Reims, 19-20 Mars 2018.
Laser-assisted catalytic oxidation of glycerol over gold supported catalysts.
109th AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo / May 6-9 2018, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
3D nanostructuring of functional photopolymers for photonics and sensing.
The 9th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics, 24 June - 01 July.
3D nanostructured hybrid materials for photonics and sensing applications.
Third International Conference on Energy, Materials and Photonics (EMP17), ShenZhen, 24-26 Juin, 2017.
1D, 2D and 3D assembly of plasmonic Nanoparticles for sensing applications.
Fourth Annual Conference on Optical Nanospectroscopy, Lisbon, 27-31 Mars 2017.
Recent advances in the radiation-induced polymerization of epoxy-based resins: reactivity, network structure and material performances.
The 28th Miller Conference on Radiation Chemistry, Dead Sea, March 14-19.
A Prievable Cationic Photoresist for Two-Photon Lithography.
2nd International Workshop on Nano- and Bio-Photonics (IWNBP 2013), 3-8 November, Biarritz, France.
Fabrication of microlenses and optical waveguides by self-guiding photopolymerization (Invited Paper).
SPIE photonics Europe, Brussels, April 2010, 771608.
New formulation for 2D photolithography with ultra-high resolution for photonic applications.
9th International Conference on Material Sciences (CSM9), August 26-28, Nancy, France, 167–169.
Efficient and selective oxidation of Glycerol by excitation of supported gold nanoparticles under visible light at room temperature.
9th International Conference on Material Sciences (CSM9), Nancy, 26 – 28 Aout, 68–70.
ZnO-Au heterojunction enhanced the photoluminescence of ZnO nanocrystals.
Immobilisation of GNPs on 1D, 2D AND 3D polymer microtemplates.
Visible light driven plasmonic nanochemistry for photocatalysis and oxidation of glycerol.
EMRS 2016 Spring Meeting, Lille, 2-6 May.
New Approach for the Synthesis of Uniform Gold Nanoparticles.
15ème journée de la matière condensée (JMC15), Aout 22-26, Bordeaux (2016).
Nanoplasmonics-assisted degradation of pollutants and oxidation of glycerol under visible light.
9th International Conference on Material Sciences (CSM9), August 26-28, Nancy, France.
Fabrication of true 3D polymer nanostructures with sub-100 nm feature sizes via femtosecond direct laser writing based on two-photon polymerization.
Direct laser writing of thick metamaterial blocks: Infrared light concentrators.
9th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics – Metamaterials 2015, Oxford, UK, September 7-12.
Design and performances of epoxy-based resins for 2-photon 3D-lithography.
Photopolymerization Fundamentals 2015, September 13 - 16, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Cationic photoresists tailored for high resolution 3D lithography.
3rd European Symposium of Photopolymer Science, Vienna, Austria, September 9th – 12th,.
Optimisation de formulations à base d'époxydes pour la photopolymérisation cationique à deux photons appliquée à la nanolithographie à trois dimensions,.
PolyRay 2013, Rouen, 11 et 12 Avril.
Radiation-initiated cationic polymerization of epoxy monomers for demanding applications: formulation design and processing (invited).
10th meeting of the Ionizing Radiation and Polymers symposium, IRaP¿2012, Cracovie (Pologne), October 2012.
Micro nano-structuration 3D par photopolymérisation à deux photons : nouvelles applications pour la nanolithographie.
Club PolyRay, Le Mans, Mars 2012.
Meeting the needs of demanding applications by radiation-initiated cationic polymerization of epoxy monomers (invited).
European Symposium on Photopolymerization Science, Turin (Italie), September 2012.
Plasmon-based two-photopolymerization on single gold nanocubes.
Polymer Chemistry, 26-28 Mars, Vienne, Autriche (2018).
Energy transfer of emitters assisted by surface plasmons.
Polymer self-assembly induced the formation of monodisperse gold nanoparticles.
Fabrication of 3D photoluminescent nanostructures containing quantum dots by 2-photon Polymerization.
28th International Conference on Photochemistry - ICP 2017, Strasbourg, 16-21 Juillet 2017.
Polymer functionalization for the assembly of gold nanoparticles on 1D, 2D and 3D microstructures.
Les 15èmes Journées de la Matière Condensée, Bordeaux du 22 au 26 Aout, 2016..
Fabrication of 3D fluorescent nanostructures containing quantum dots via two-photon polymerization based direct laser writing.
OMNT International Symposium on Hybrid organic - Inorganic Photonics, Grenoble, 29/11, 2016.
Laser-assisted photocatalysed degradation of pollutants using semiconductors in electronic contact with gold nanoparticles.
Nanotech Tunisia 2015 - international conference & Exhibition, Hammamet - Tunisia, 22 - 24 April.
E-MRS 2015 Spring Meeting, Lille, 11 - 15 May.
Highly sensitive plasmonic nanosensors for biomedical applications.
2015 MRS Spring Meeting & Exhibit, San Fransisco, California, 6-10 April.
High resolution patterning using photoresist based PMMA for photonic applications.
Les Troisièmes Journées Franco‐Libanaises, 29-31 Octobre, Beyrouth, Liban.
A Simple Design Rule for Light Concentrator Using Polymer Metamaterial.
First International Workshop on Metamaterials-by-Design: Theory, Methods, and Applications to Communications and Sensing, December, Centrale Supéle, Paris, France..
Metamaterial GRIN lens for Infrared applications.
Deuxièmes Journées Franco-Libanaise, 22-25 Octobre, Dunkerk, France..
Laser-assisted catalyzed oxidation of glycerol and methanol at room temperature by thermal photo conversion of Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs).
International conference NANOCON 2013, 15-18 octobre 2013, BRNO, (République Tchèque).
Blocs de construction en métamatériaux pour des applications en infrarouge.
Colloque National Métamatériaux, 7-8 Octobre, Campus d'Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, France..
Metallic Nanoparticles: Strategies for On-surface Synthesis, 3D Patterning and Studying Plasmon-induced Chemistry at the Nanoscale.
Séminaire invité "SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, NTU, 19 july 2018.
Invited Seminar at SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, NTU, 19/07/2018.
Structuration 2D et 3D des matériaux polymères aux échelles nanos.
Invited Seminar, Université de Rennes, Laboratoire FOTON, Lannion, 25/09/2013.
Invited seminar, Université de Bretagne Sud, LIMATB, Lorient, 24/09/2013.


Turn your readers into "examiners, critics, knowers, and imaginative creators," with a KWHL strategy designed for Fahrenheit 451. Individuals fill out a KWHL graphic organizer about censorship and then share responses with a group. The charts then serve as reading guides.
Students, after reading Fahrenheit 451, brainstorm inventions that could have been in the novel. They present their invention to the class and writing an expository essay about their creation.


"Alma-Ata: Rebirth and revision 8 - Primary health care: making Alma-At" by John Walley, Joy E. Lawn et al.
The principles agreed at Alma-Ata 30 years ago apply just as much now as they did then. "Health for all" by the year 2000 was not achieved, and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for 2015 will not be met in most low-income countries without substantial acceleration of primary health care. Factors have included insufficient political prioritisation of health, structural adjustment policies, poor governance, population growth, inadequate health systems, and scarce research and assessment on primary health care. We propose the following priorities for revitalising primary health care. Health-service infrastructure, including human resources and essential drugs, needs strengthening, and user fees should be removed for primary health-care services to improve use. A continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and child health services, including family planning, is needed. Evidence-based, integrated packages of community and primary curative and preventive care should be adapted to country contexts, assessed, and scaled up. Community participation and community health workers linked to strengthened primary-care facilities and first-referral services are needed. Furthermore, intersectoral action linking health and development is necessary, including that for better water, sanitation, nutrition, food security, and HIV control. Chronic diseases, mental health, and child development should be addressed. Progress should be measured and accountability assured. We prioritise research questions and suggest actions and measures for stakeholders both locally and globally, which are required to revitalise primary health care.
Walley, J., Lawn, J., Tinker, A., de Francisco, a., Chopra, M., Rudan, I., Bhutta, Z. A., Black, R. (2008). Alma-Ata: Rebirth and revision 8 - Primary health care: making Alma-Ata a reality. LANCET, 372(9642), 1001-1007.


How much is 105 feet and 1 inches in CM? Convert 105 foot 1 to inches, cm, mm, meters.
How much is 105 feet and 1 inches in CM? Use this calculator to convert 105 foot 1 to inches, cm, mm, and meters. One inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters, so 105'1 is equal to 3202.94 centimeters. Change the values in the calculator below to determine a different amount. Height is commonly referred to in cm in some countries and feet and inches in others. This calculates from 105'1 to centimeters.
How tall is 105 feet 1 inches in centimeters?
How long is 105 feet 1 inches in meters?
How much is 105 feet 1 inches in millimeters?
How big is 105 feet 1 inches in inches?


text:
How to Visit Houston
Visiting Space Center Houston
Learn about Space Center Houston in this Howcast travel video.
For many people, the name Houston inspires thoughts of astronauts and space exploration. Houston is home to NASA's Johnson Space Center.
This is the home of Mission Control, where NASA's flight control is managed. Johnson Space Center is also where astronauts are trained in everything they'll need to survive a trip into space.
You can visit Johnson Space Center through the Space Center Houston. This is Johnson Space Center's visitor center.
Space Center Houston is a unique museum that teaches visitors all about space exploration and what it's like to be an astronaut through interactive exhibits.
Find out what life is like on the International Space Station and experience zero gravity at the Feel of Space and Living in Space exhibits.
You can also take a tour through the Johnson Space Center itself, with stops at the historic Mission Control building and the building astronauts use to train.
If you're lucky, you might even get to see real astronauts in training while you're there.
This is a museum that can truly appeal to anybody, old or young, whether you're an aspiring astronaut or simply curious.
Space Center Houston offers a unique and exciting educational experience, making it easily one of Houston's most popular attractions.
Visiting the Menil Collection in Houston
Top 8 Places to Eat & Drink
How to Get Around Houston
Best Time to Visit Houston
Top 7 Museums to Visit in Houston
Top 8 Places to Visit in Houston
Top 5 Neighborhoods to Visit in Houston


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Viewport width =
Articles ▿
Salient TV
April 6, 2006 | by Amy Brown	| in Books |
World Words
Writers International is Wellington's first multi-ethnic writers' group – a place where refugee, ex-pat and new New Zealand writers who are unfamiliar with this country's publishing formalities are welcome to share their work. World Words is a collection of the work which has been through Writers International meetings. The first two thirds of the book and short fiction, and the last third, poetry.
With members from America, Colombia, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iraq, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Spain, etc., contributions are predictably eclectic, not only in terms of setting, subject matter and cultural view point, but also in terms of language. All writing is submitted in English, but, as Shaefer points out in her preface, "the stories in this book reflect a variety of Englishes" – no matter where you learn English (whether it is your first language or not) it will contain idiosyncrasies, which are a product of your cultural upbringing. This is not to say that all Iraqi writers produce lyrical ballads, or all Spanish writers write about love. Another point that this collection aims to demonstrate is that although culture colours all writing, a good writer can still have a unique style.
If you are after an eclectic read, note this title in the margin of your lecture pad – you can indulge in stories involving stalkers, bio-gas, aliens (fur and sabre teeth, not just foreign), salsa dancing, illicit young love, and a cobbler with no feet within the first 40 or so pages. Eclectic, yes, agrees editor Shaefer, but all the work in this collection is unified by a theme of culture. I don't know what culture means to you, but Mr Collins (of the large shiny dictionary) boils it down to "the total inherited ideas, belief, values, and knowledge, which constitute the shared bases of social action". You could unite chapters from Moby Dick, Middlemarch, The Diary of Adrian Mole and My Friend Flicka with a theme of culture, simply because they involve people behaving and thinking like people. It doesn't mean the writing will have anything important in common.
The poetry, an assembly of translated Arabic, political verse and love lyrics is equally varied in subject, setting and language. However, the strength of the writing also varies throughout the whole book. Mixing the writing of established poets and novelists with new writers' work is perfectly reasonable, collections like JAAM and Sport prove this. I'm not sure, but I think doing this successfully involves creating a context that suits each piece of work – a strong running theme, a coherent pattern of mood or style. Like exhibiting paintings in a gallery – works that are too small or weak to survive on their own need the right sort
of company.
I don't believe World Words achieves this. Although I enjoyed many of the short stories and poems separately, or could imagine enjoying them in a different context, the collection as a whole took a lot of energy to finish reading.
T.M Shaefer, Kevin Cudby and Catherine Boyle
$34.95 Writers International (NZ)
in association with HeadworX
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VUW Halls Hiking Fees By 50–80% Next Year
The Stats on Gender Disparities at VUW
Issue 25 – Legacy
Canta Wins Bid for Editorial Independence
RA Speaks Out About Victoria University Hall Death
VUW Hall Death: What We Know So Far
FANTA WITH NO ICE
Come In, The Door's Open.
Love in the Time of Face Tattoos
Uncomfortable places: skin.
J Avia: Where are you from? My list was always ready: England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, puppy dogs' tails, a little Spanish, maybe German, and—almost as an afterthought—half Samoan. An unwanted fraction. But you don't seem like a Samoan. I thought you were [inser
The student magazine of Victoria University of Wellington. Salient is available on campus free each Monday during term. Funded in part by Victoria University of Wellington students, through the Student Services Levy.
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text:
Mark Harris, citing health, won't run in new US House District 9 election
February 27, 2019 at 8:46 am EST
By Joe Bruno, wsoctv.com
CHARLOTTE, N.C. — Mark Harris announced on Tuesday that he will not run in the new U.S. House District 9 race.
The announcement comes a week after the North Carolina Board of Elections ordered a new election after an evidentiary hearing into potential wrongdoing. A date for the new election has not been announced.
[RELATED: New election ordered in 9th district after Harris calls for new race]
Last week, Harris gave up his fight to be declared the winner of November's 9th Congressional District race, saying serious public doubts about the contest's fairness warranted a new election.
He also said as part of his previous illness, he suffered two strokes, struggled with his recollection during his statements and was not up to testifying due to complications from his recent hospitalization.
On Tuesday, he said in a statement, "Given my health situation, the need to regain full strength, and the timing of this surgery the last week of March, I have decided not to file in the new election for Congressional District 9."
[TIMELINE: US House District 9 race investigation: How we got here]
Harris said because of his serious health condition, surgery is now necessary and scheduled for the last week in March.
Mark Harris says he is not at full health and needs surgery in March #NC09 #ncpol @wsoctv pic.twitter.com/CqqcQy2G9n
— Joe Bruno (@JoeBrunoWSOC9) February 26, 2019
He said, "Again, it has been an honor to have your love, support, encouragement, and prayers each step of our journey together. Over the next few weeks as I continue to gain strength for surgery, I want to respect my family's desire for privacy and I will not be doing interviews."
Harris also said he hopes his supporters will get behind Union County Commissioner Stony Rushing in the new election.
The local official from the Charlotte suburbs would "stand firm on so many of the issues that concern us, including the issue of life, our national security, and religious freedom," Harris said.
Rushing, a firing range owner and licensed gun seller, has been a county commissioner off and on for more than eight years, first taking office in 2002. He didn't return a phone call to his shooting range seeking comment on Tuesday.
Only one other GOP candidate -- former state Sen. Tommy Tucker of Union County -- has publicly expressed interest in running for the seat.
Former U.S. Rep. Robert Pittenger, whom Harris defeated in last May's primary, told The Associated Press in an interview that it was "good for the country and the party" that Harris wasn't running. When asked why, he said simply: "I think it's just obvious."
Pittenger again closed the door on seeking his old job, saying he's involved in a series of conferences on counter-terrorism and security issues.
Former Gov. Pat McCrory said Monday he wouldn't seek the seat. He was previously mayor of Charlotte, a part of which is in the congressional district.
Democrat Dan McCready has been assembling a new campaign staff and raising money to run again in the district that stretches from Charlotte through several counties to the east along the South Carolina border. His campaign finance report showed McCready raised $487,000 during the final five weeks of 2018. His campaign sent out a campaign fundraising plea late Thursday, citing the state elections board's decision.
McCready formally announced his intention to run Friday before several dozen supporters at a brewery in Waxhaw.
"Folks, there's a lot of people that have had their confidence shaken in recent weeks because of the fraud conducted by Mark Harris's campaign," McCready said. "There's a lot of people right now in North Carolina that are disillusioned in our electoral process."
He told the crowd that he and his team were going to "knock on every door" in the district to earn votes and to reassure constituents that he's the type of politician who will do the right thing.
"We're going to talk to people about doing what's right instead of what's wrong," he said.
Harris struggled during testimony last week over why he prepared for his primary election last year by seeking out and signing up Bladen County political operative Leslie McCrae Dowless, a convicted felon who had been accused of ballot fraud in the 2016 elections. The state elections board turned over evidence of his actions in 2017 to federal prosecutors, who took no action.
According to testimony and other findings detailed at the hearing, Dowless conducted an illegal "ballot harvesting" operation: He and his assistants gathered up absentee ballots from voters by offering to put them in the mail.
Dowless' workers in rural Bladen County testified that they were directed to collect blank or incomplete ballots, forge signatures on them and even fill in votes for local candidates.
It is generally against the law in North Carolina for anyone other than the voter or a family member to handle someone's completed ballot.
No criminal charges have been filed in the case . Dowless declined to testify last week after the elections board refused to grant him immunity from prosecution based on what he might say.
Read Harris' full statement on the special election below:
"Over the last several days, I have had the privilege of hearing from so many people who have stood with us, cared for us, and who have asked how they can pray for us. In my response to them I have simply said to pray for wisdom and discernment as we make decisions concerning my health situation, the new election in Congressional District 9, and where we go from here."
"After consulting with my physicians, there are several things that my health situation requires as a result of the extremely serious condition that I faced in mid-January. One of those is a necessary surgery that is now scheduled for the last week in March."
"Given my health situation, the need to regain full strength, and the timing of this surgery the last week of March, I have decided not to file in the new election for Congressional District 9. While few things in my life have brought me more joy than getting to meet and know the people of this incredible part of North Carolina, and while I have been overwhelmed by the honor of their support for me as the Congressman-elect of NC-9, I owe it to Beth, my children and my six grandchildren to make the wisest decision for my health. I also owe it to the citizens of the Ninth District to have someone at full strength during the new campaign. It is my hope that in the upcoming primary, a solid conservative leader will emerge to articulate the critical issues that face our nation."
"Over the course of campaigning in the district, I met and got to know one such leader, Union County Commissioner Stony Rushing. Stony, from my observation, along with his wife Anne-Marie, have served Union County effectively through the years. His background and his experience have proven him to stand firm on so many of the issues that concern us, including the issue of life, our national security, and religious freedom. I hope that those who have stood with me will strongly consider getting behind Stony Rushing."
"Through the challenges of life, Beth and I continually place our trust in God, and we both know He holds the future in His Hands. Please stay engaged, for it is our civic duty to do so."
"Again, it has been an honor to have your love, support, encouragement, and prayers each step of our journey together. Over the next few weeks as I continue to gain strength for surgery, I want to respect my family's desire for privacy and I will not be doing interviews."
'It ends tonight, dad': Father of man who killed 2 people feared for son's safety
Coroner identifies pair found shot to death inside car in Rock Hill
New bill would require North Carolinians to register bicycles, pay fee
FORECAST: Scattered showers, mild temps ahead of cold air blast
South Carolina Girl Scout cookie 'good Samaritan' arrested by DEA


Making compost is one of the best ways to utilize your garden's resources to improve the health of your soil, which in turn improves plant health.
Garden clippings and food waste are usually trucked across the county where they are then composted. So making your own compost, at home, reduces your carbon footprint! Here are several ways to compost, whether you live in a house or apartment, in an urban, suburban, or rural setting.
The Recycler Composter: A low-cost, simple bin that can be used to hold compost materials for passive decomposition, or can be turned to produce compost more quickly. Also great for piling full of fall leaves to make leaf mold, one of the best soil amendments on earth. This bin is made by Beaver State Plastics and available through the Seattle Conservation Corps.
Three-Bin System: For those who want to produce several batches of hot compost concurrently and quickly, building this system makes it easy and neat to turn the batches. Plans are available online through Seattle Tilth and King County.
Wire fencing or other containment: As the saying goes, "compost happens." You can create a simple holding bin from welded wire fencing, chicken wire, or old pallet boards and your compost will turn out just as great.
Green Cones: The cones do not require turning or the addition of worms, so it's an easy system. Just dump food scraps into the cone until it is about 3/4 full. Then let it sit for about 9-12 months to decompose while you start filling a second green cone. Green cones are also available through the Seattle Conservation Corps.
Food Digester: These are simple and easy, used much like a green cone, but a do-it-yourself project made from a small galvanized steel trash can. A plan is available through the Seattle Tilth website.
Worm Bin: These produce compost much more quickly than green cones or food digesters, but require a little maintenance to retain your worm populations while you harvest the "black gold" that they'll make for you. You can build your own indoor or outdoor bin, or purchase one. Several worm bin plans are available through the Seattle Tilth website and a wood worm bin through King County.
As you probably noticed, none of these methods recommend combining food waste with yard waste. Food waste has to be composted in a closed system in order to prevent problems with rodent populations. It is much easier to prevent problems than to remedy them!
Interested in learning more about composting and soil building and willing to share that knowledge with others? If you are a City of Seattle resident you might consider the Master Composter Soil Builder training program.
to discover more details in regards to this post? Cheers!
Hi! There are links to great composting information on this site and all you have to do is look on our home page for the composting info. If you follow the link to the page from Seattle Public Utilities you will find a whole lot more information. Hope that helps! You are also welcome to contact us directly through the online form.
I have a 55 gallons compost barrel . I have a good mix of materials: sticks, leaves, food scraps, grass, shredded paper/ cardboard and soil . I turn the barrel every 2 to 3 days. It feels like a damp sponge. But it has not moved up 1° in temperature. I live in Alaska and the outside temperature has been 50s down to high 30s at night. I am about at my wits end. I don't know what else to do. Any suggestions ?
Usually the process you describe does the trick however I would avoid adding soil and too many sticks to the mix. This will slow the process down. A good mix is a fifty – fifty ratio by volume of grass clippings, green leaves, food waste for nitrogen (coffee grounds included in this) and dry leaves, newspaper, and cardboard (shredded) for your carbon source. How is it going now that the weather is colder?


Let's face it... it's not been a great week has it?!
With disgusting stories coming out of Hollywood about the way women are treated in the industry, we need some positivity back in our lives and Selena Gomez has just given us that!
Selena is seen as a role model to millions of women around the world, well she is the most followed celeb on Instagram, but more importantly she is recovering from a kidney transplant and is a strong supporter of women's rights!
And, it's her inspirational attitude that has melted the hearts of her followers on Instagram after she posted a video of herself speaking to her younger sister and telling her that she is 'bold, beautiful' and her 'voice matters'!


Personalised Aberlour 10 Year Old Single Malt Whisky creates an ultimate, memorable gift. Laser Engraved with your own special message you can create a perfect whisky gift for any occasion.
Beautiful and rich with sherried spiciness this award winning whisky is a traditional offering from Speyside and one of the best that Speyside has to offer.
Aberlour 10 is a full bodied, sweet and spicy malty. With notes of caramel and honey and lingering sweet spices. Beautiful and rich.


text:
Als abiotisch (griech. "nichtlebend") werden alle Umweltfaktoren zusammengefasst, an denen Lebewesen nicht erkennbar beteiligt sind. Sie umfassen unter anderem Klima, Atmosphäre, Wasser (besonders den pH-Wert), Temperatur, Licht, Strömung, Salinität, Konzentration an Nährsalzen und anderen chemischen Stoffen. Sie stellen somit alle nicht-belebten Interaktionspartner in einem Ökosystem dar.

Auswahl einzelner abiotischer Umweltfaktoren
 Klima: Hierzu zählen die thermischen Faktoren Strahlungsverhältnisse, Luft- und Bodentemperatur, die hygrischen Faktoren Luftfeuchtigkeit, Niederschlag und Schneedecke, sowie verschiedenste Wettererscheinungen, wie Nebel, Winde oder Blitze.
 Lufttemperatur: Alle Lebewesen haben einen eingegrenzten Temperaturbereich, in dem sie existieren können. Bei zu hohen oder zu niedrigen Temperaturen kann es zur Einschränkung des Stoffwechsels bis hin zu dessen Erliegen kommen (Hitzestarre, Hitzetod, Kältestarre, Kältetod).
 Relief: Hierbei sind vor allem Hangrichtung und Hangneigung, aber auch die Lage zur Umgebung wichtig. Das Relief hat einen Einfluss auf die Höhe und Dauer der Sonneneinstrahlung, sowie auf die Witterungsexposition (Wetterseite).
 Boden: Hier sind vor allem die Struktur, also Körnung, Humusgehalt und das geologische Ausgangsmaterial von Bedeutung. Aber auch die Feuchtigkeit, der Nährstoffgehalt, der pH-Wert und die chemische Zusammensetzung spielen eine wichtige Rolle.
 Licht: Licht ist hier als Energiequelle und Reiz für die Lebewesen zu sehen. Außerdem ist der Lichteinschlag für die  Photosynthese von Pflanzen von großer Bedeutung.
 Wasser: Hierbei wird vor allem der Zugang zum Wasser, der Grundwasserstand, das Bodenwasser, aber auch der Wassergehalt der Luft betrachtet.
 Feuer: Hier geht es um die Anpassungen von Lebewesen an regelmäßig wiederkehrende Brände und Auswirkungen von Bränden auf Ökosysteme.
 chemische Faktoren: Dabei wird die Kohlendioxid- und Sauerstoffkonzentration, die Gift- und Schadstoffe und der pH-Wert betrachtet.
 mechanische Faktoren: Hier sind Wind, Raumeinengung, die Schneelast und ähnliche Faktoren von Bedeutung.
Im Pflanzenschutz werden alle Pflanzenschäden, die auf abiotischen Einwirkungen beruhen, als abiotische oder nicht-parasitäre Schadursachen bezeichnet.

Siehe auch
 Biotische Umweltfaktoren
 Biotop
 ökologische Nische

Literatur
 Hans Knodel, Ulrich Kull: Ökologie und Umweltschutz. J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-476-20068-X, S. 1–26.

Einzelnachweise

Umweltfaktor
Evolutionsökologie

it:Fattori ambientali#Fattori abiotici
ru:Экологические факторы#По происхождению

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia