text:
bernoulli process formula
b ( is a binary-valued random variable with By using Stirling's approximation, putting it into the expression for P(k,n), solving for the location and width of the peak, and finally taking Let us assume the canonical process with P n = is also a random subset of the index set, the natural numbers i H In probability theory and statistics, the Bernoulli distribution, named after Swiss mathematician Jacob Bernoulli, is the discrete probability distribution of a random variable which takes the value 1 with probability $${\displaystyle p}$$ and the value 0 with probability $${\displaystyle q=1-p}$$. Example: The input stream from above, 10011011, is processed this way: From the step of 1 on, the input becomes the new sequence1 of the last step to move on in this process. H Thus, 1 0 out of the infinite sequence of Bernoulli trials that compose the Bernoulli process. (If p is unknown, however, the past informs about the future indirectly, through inferences about p.). Then the algorithm is applied recursively to each of the two new sequences, until the input is empty. The Bernoulli equation puts the Bernoulli principle into clearer, more quantifiable terms. is a linear operator, as (obviously) one has for the two-sided process). From any Bernoulli process one may derive a Bernoulli process with p = 1/2 by the von Neumann extractor, the earliest randomness extractor, which actually extracts uniform randomness. . , for any ( T = The size of this set is interesting, also, and can be explicitly determined: the logarithm of it is exactly the entropy of the Bernoulli process. ( f {\displaystyle \sigma \in {\mathcal {B}}} , The expectation value of flipping heads, assumed to be represented by 1, is given by Volume flow rate and equation of continuity, Finding flow rate from Bernoulli's equation, Turbulence at high velocities and Reynold's number. y (or by represented by The constant output of exactly 2 bits per round (compared with a variable 0 to 1 bits in classical VN) also allows for constant-time implementations which are resistant to timing attacks. . represented by T → {\displaystyle f:{\mathcal {B}}\to \mathbb {R} } { T One way is as a shift space, and the other is as an odometer. This is given by simply counting: Given n successive coin flips, that is, given the set of all possible strings of length n, the number N(k,n) of such strings that contain k occurrences of H is given by the binomial coefficient, If the probability of flipping heads is given by p, then the total probability of seeing a string of length n with k heads is. N { T represents the binomial coefficient. {\displaystyle 0} L Von Neumann–Peres (iterated) main operation pseudocode: Another tweak was presented in 2016, based on the observation that the Sequence2 channel doesn't provide much throughput, and a hardware implementation with a finite number of levels can benefit from discarding it earlier in exchange for processing more levels of Sequence1. 2 q = 5/6. Such questions lead to outcomes that are boolean-valued: a single bit whose value is success/yes/true/one with probability p and failure/no/false/zero with probability q. , gives the Cantor function, as conventionally defined. 2 T {\displaystyle p} x {\displaystyle \lim _{n\to \infty }p^{n}=0} ∞ n given by the shift operator, The Bernoulli measure, defined above, is translation-invariant; that is, given any cylinder set Hence, the first thing we need to define is what actually constitutes a success in an experiment. . X . H [2], Given a cylinder set, that is, a specific sequence of coin flip results b For example, if x represents a sequence of coin flips, then the associated Bernoulli sequence is the list of natural numbers or time-points for which the coin toss outcome is heads. The iterated version of the von Neumann algorithm, also known as Advanced Multi-Level Strategy (AMLS),[7] was introduced by Yuval Peres in 1992. {\displaystyle p=1/2} {\displaystyle T(b_{0},b_{1},b_{2},\cdots )=(b_{1},b_{2},\cdots ),} {\displaystyle S_{n}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}X_{i}} Given an infinite string of binary digits T Finding flow rate from Bernoulli's equation. T ω Note that the probability of any specific, infinitely long sequence of coin flips is exactly zero; this is because Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. ⋯ One is often interested in knowing how often one will observe H in a sequence of n coin flips. Thus, probability of success p (landing a 6) is 1/6. [ ( induces a homomorphism, also called for functions Independence of the trials implies that the process is memoryless. f ) {\displaystyle [\omega _{1},\omega _{2},\cdots \omega _{n}]} P is commonly called the Bernoulli measure.[3]. That is, given the set of all possible infinitely long strings of H and T occurring in the Bernoulli process, this set is partitioned into two: those strings that occur with probability 1, and those that occur with probability 0. R {\displaystyle y} , Then, according to the table above, these pairs are translated into the output of the procedure: The law of large numbers states that, on the average of the sequence, i.e., at times Another way to create a dynamical system is to define an odometer. The Bernoulli process can also be understood to be a dynamical system, as an example of an ergodic system and specifically, a measure-preserving dynamical system, in one of several different ways. It is common to examine either the one-sided set . This map is called the dyadic transformation; for the doubly-infinite sequence of bits f However, the term has an entirely different formal definition as given below. The associated eigenvector is the invariant measure: in this case, it is the Bernoulli measure. {\displaystyle (\Omega ,{\mathcal {B}})} . {\displaystyle 2=\{H,T\}.}. 2 X Von Neumann (classical) main operation pseudocode: This decrease in efficiency, or waste of randomness present in the input stream, can be mitigated by iterating the algorithm over the input data. The law of large numbers states that, on the average of the sequence, i.e., $${\displaystyle {\bar {X}}_{n}:={\frac {1}{n}}\sum _{i=1}^{n}X_{i}}$$, will approach the expected value almost certainly, that is, the events which do not satisfy this limit have zero probability. These are reviewed below. σ The component Bernoulli variables Xi are identically distributed and independent. {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}_{T}(P)=P.}. are the finite-length sequences of coin flips (the cylinder sets). This equation will give you the powers to analyze a fluid flowing up and down through all kinds of different tubes.
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Q: How to share code between node.js apps? I have several apps in node that all share a few modules that I've written. These modules are not available via npm.  I would like to be able to share freely between apps, but I don't want to copy directories around, nor rely on Git to do so.  And I'm not really big on using symlinks to do this either.
I would like to arrange directories something like this:
app1
 server.js
 node_modules
  (public modules from npm needed for app1)
 lib
  (my own modules specific to app1)

app2
 server.js
 node_modules
  (public modules from npm needed for app2)
 lib
  (my own modules specific to app2)

shared_lib
 (my own modules that are used in both app1 and app2)

The problem I'm seeing is that the modules in shared_lib seem to get confused as to where to find the modules that will be in the node_modules directory of whichever app they are running in.  At least I think that is the problem.
So....what is a good way to do this that avoids having duplicates of files?  (note that I don't care about duplicates of things in node_modules, since those aren't my code, I don't  check them into Git, etc)

A: The npm documentation recommends using npm-link to create your own Node.js packages locally, and then making them available to other Node.js applications. It's a simple four-step process.
A typical procedure would be to first create a package with the following structure:
  hello
  | index.js
  | package.json

A typical implementation of these files would be:
index.js
  exports.world = function() {
     return('Hello World');
  }

package.json
  {
    "name": "hello",
    "version": "0.0.1",
    "private": true,
    "main": "index.js",
    "dependencies": {
    },
    "engines": {
    "node": "v0.6.x"
    }
  }

"private:true" ensures that npm will refuse to publish the package. This is a way to prevent accidental publication of private packages.
Next, navigate to the root of your Node.js package folder and run npm link to link the package globally so it can be used in other applications.
To use this package in another application, e.g., "hello-world", with the following directory structure:
 hello-world
 | app.js

Navigate to the hello-world folder and run:
 npm link hello

Now you can use it like any other npm package like so:
app.js
  var http = require('http');
  var hello = require('hello');

  var server = http.createServer(function(req, res) {
     res.writeHead(200);
     res.end(hello.world());
  });
  server.listen(8080);

A: Just use the correct path in your require call
For example in server.js that would be:

var moduleName = require('../shared_lib/moduleName/module.js');

Its Important to know that as soon as your path is prefixed with '/', '../', or './' the path is relative to the calling file.
For further information about nodes module loading visit:
http://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/modules.html

A: Yes, you can reference shared_lib from app1, but then you run into a problem if you want to package and deploy app1 to some other environment, such as a web server on AWS.
In this case, you're better off installing your modules in shared_lib to app1 and app2 using "npm install shared_lib/module". It will also install all the dependencies of the shared_lib modules in app1 and app2 and deal with conflicts/duplicates.
See this:
How to install a private NPM module without my own registry?

A: I've got this working by having node_modules folders at different levels - node then automatically traverses upwards until it finds the module.
Note you don't have to publish to npm to have a module inside of node_modules - just use:
"private": true

Inside each of your private package.json files - for your project I would have the following:
app1
 server.js
 node_modules
  (public modules from npm needed for app1)
  (private modules locally needed for app1)

app2
 server.js
 node_modules
  (public modules from npm needed for app2)
  (private modules locally needed for app2)

node_modules
  (public modules from npm needed for app1 & app2)
  (private modules locally for app1 & app2)

The point is node.js has a mechanism for dealing with this already and it's awesome.  Just combine it with the 'private not on NPM' trick and you are good to go.
In short a:
require('somemodule')

From app A or B would cascade upwards until it found the module - regardless if it lived lower down or higher up.  Indeed - this lets you hot-swap the location without changing any of the require(...) statements.
node.js module documentation

A: If you check out the node.js docs, you'll see that Node.js understands the package.json file format as well, at least cursorily.
Basically, if you have a directory named foo, and in that directory is a package.json file with the key-value pair: "main": "myCode.js", then if you try to require("foo") and it finds this directory with a package.json file inside, it will then use foo/myCode.js for the foo module.
So, with your directory structure, if each shared lib has it's own directory with such a simple package.json file inside, then your apps can get the shared libs by:
var lib1 = require('../shared_lib/lib1');
var lib2 = require('../shared_lib/lib2');

And that should work for both of these apps.

A: Another solution can be cloning files from the other places into this repo:
clone.js:
const path = require('path')
const fs = require('fs')

const shared = [
  {
    type: 'file',
    source: '../app1',
    files: [
      'src/file1',
      'src/file2',
      '...'
    ],
  },
]

function cloneFiles(source, files) {
  const Reset = '\x1b[0m'
  const FgGreen = '\x1b[32m'
  console.log(`---------- Cloning ${files.length} files from ${source} ----------`)

  for (const file of files) {
    const sourceFile = path.join(__dirname, '..', source, file)
    const targetFile = path.join(__dirname, '..', file)

    process.stdout.write(` ${file} ... `)
    fs.copyFileSync(sourceFile, targetFile)
    console.log(`${FgGreen}Done!${Reset}`)
  }

  console.log(`---------- All done successfully ----------\n`)
}

;(() => {
  for (const item of shared) {
    switch (item.type) {
      case 'file':
        cloneFiles(item.source, item.files)
        break
    }
  }
})()

Then, in the package.json you can add this script and call it when you want to clone / sync files:
"clone": "node clone.js"

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Welcome to Mrs. Powell's class website!
On your class page, you will find links to view our course guide, calendar, upcoming assignments, handouts, power points from class, vocabulary words, and other helpful materials to keep you up-to-date. Remember to log on to the Gradebook daily to monitor your progress and check for any missing assignments. Remember: YOU are responsible for YOUR grade!


July 10th is Piña Colada Day!
It's time to celebrate a classic tropical cocktail, the Piña Colada!
The history behind this drink is a bit muddled, with at least three names tied to its supposed origin, but being rather fond of pirates, we've choosen to believe this story: In the 19th century, Puerto Rican pirate Roberto Cofresí decided to boost his crew's morale by giving them a beverage that contained coconut, pineapple, and white rum, which came to be what is now the famous Piña Colada. Supposedly the recipe was lost with dread pirate Roberto's death in 1825, but was then reinvented in either 1954 by Ramón "Monchito" Marrero at the Caribe Hilton or 1963 by Ramon Portas Mingot at the Puerto Rican restaurant, Barrachina. While we let the Don Ramons battle out the claim, the most important fact we have is that the Piña Colada has been the national drink of Puerto Rico since 1978 and is yummy. While fantastically refreshing all on its own, one of Luna's favorite variations is the Lava Flow which adds Strawberry Daiquiri into the mix for blended deliciousness!
So cheers to the Piña Colada and to the escape.


The perfect balance of de la Vega Cachaça is the result of the rigorously blending of three woods: oak, grapia and amburana. Because of its porosity, the French oak allows the beverage to air out and facilitates the absorption of the scent of this fine component. On the other hand, the lightness and softness are the result of the action of grapia and amburana, which also gives a slightly sweet flavour.
After its elaboration, Cachaça de la Vega is stored for approximately 2 years in single barrels, which can be made of oak, grapia or amburana. This process affords the customer an extraordinarily rare sensorial experience.
The partnership between Alembic de la Vega and Master Blender Manoel Agostinho provides softness and elegance to the beverage. Manoel Agostinho has not only elaborated the wine menu in many bars, restaurants and hotels, but he is also a lecturer. In addition to this, he is the author of a book entitled "A Trip to The World Of Cachaça" and one of the most important specialists in the beverage.
When the distillation finishes, the Cachaça is stored in barrels for the aging process, which enhances its flavour and extracts the scents of the wood.
In the last years, this farm has become a place of production of food based on the respect for the ecosystem and sustainability.


You're invited to join for this weekend of events at the Hilton Anatole Hotel in Dallas. Come let's celebrate our rich African American history and heritage as we strive to advance our communities in which we live. For more information, please call Vonderia Yeldell @ 205-253-3683 or Sarah Thomas @ 214-218-2483.


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This magazine is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information
Federal Highway Administration >
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15048 >
Chapter 4. Methodology
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-15-048 Date: June 2015
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-15-048
Safety Evaluation of Centerline Plus Shoulder Rumble Strips
The EB methodology for observational before-after studies was used for the evaluation.(6) This methodology is considered rigorous in that it accounts for regression-to-the-mean using a reference group of similar but untreated sites. In the process, SPFs are used for the following reasons:
They overcome the difficulties of using crash rates in normalizing for volume differences between the before and after periods.
They account for time trends.
They reduce the level of uncertainty in the estimates of safety effect.
They properly account for differences in crash experience and reporting practice in amalgamating data and results from diverse jurisdictions.
The methodology also provides a foundation for developing guidelines for estimating the likely safety consequences of a contemplated strategy.
In the EB approach, the change in safety for a given crash type at a site is given in figure 1:
Figure 1. Equation. Estimated change in safety.
λ = expected number of crashes that would have occurred in the after period without the strategy.
π = number of reported crashes in the after period.
In estimating λ In the EB procedure, the SPF is used to first estimate the number of crashes that would be expected in each year of the before period at locations with traffic volumes and other characteristics similar to the one being analyzed (i.e., reference sites). Annual SPF multipliers were calibrated to account for temporal effects on safety (e.g., variation in weather, demography, and crash reporting).
In the EB procedure, the SPF is used to first estimate the number of crashes that would be expected in each year of the before period at locations with traffic volumes and other characteristics similar to the one being analyzed (i.e., reference sites). The sum of these annual SPF estimates (P) is then combined with the count of crashes (x) in the before period at a strategy site to obtain an estimate of the expected number of crashes (m) before strategy. This estimate of m is seen in figure 2:
Figure 2. Equation. EB estimate of expected crashes.
W is estimated from the mean and variance of the SPF estimate as seen in figure 3:
Figure 3. Equation. EB weight.
k = constant for a given model and is estimated from the SPF calibration process with the use of a maximum likelihood procedure. In that process, a negative binomial distributed error structure is assumed, with k being the overdispersion parameter of this distribution.
A factor is then applied to m to account for the length of the after period and differences in traffic volumes between the before and after periods. This factor is the sum of the annual SPF predictions for the after period divided by P, the sum of these predictions for the before period. The result, after applying this factor, is an estimate of the variance of λ.
The estimate of λ then summed over all sites in a strategy group of interest (to obtain λsum) and compared with the count of crashes observed during the after period in that group (πsum). The variance λ of is also summed over all sites in the strategy group.
The index of effectiveness (θ) is estimated as seen in figure 4:
Figure 4. Equation. Index of effectiveness.
The standard deviation of θ is in figure 5:
Figure 5. Equation. Standard deviation of index of effectiveness.
The percent change in crashes is calculated as 100(1-θ= 0.7 with a standard deviation of 0.12 indicates a 30-percent reduction in crashes with a standard deviation of 12 percent.
A slightly different approach to the methodology was required for the analysis of the treatment sites in Missouri, which is installing rumble strips on two-lane rural roads whenever a resurfacing project is undertaken. As a result, it would be very difficult to identify comparable roadways with no rumble strips for this road type presently or in the near future. For this reason, a separate reference group of sites without rumble strips was not identified.
An alternate approach to the standard EB before-after methodology was applied. In short, this method makes use of the before period data at the treatment sites to develop SPFs to control for regression-to-the-mean and traffic volume changes. Because the installation of rumble strips is a policy for all resurfacing projects, regression-to-the-mean is not as high a concern as it otherwise may be. The SPFs calibrated from before period data are also used to account for time trends in the earlier part of the study period, before most of the sites have had rumble strips installed. However, after a substantial number of sites have been treated, the number of sites is low for developing yearly factors and is not possible after all have been treated. For these later years, the after period data are used to develop SPFs for calculating yearly factors for the after period. The before period yearly factors are extrapolated based on the ratio of the after period factors to a common year.
To illustrate, consider the fictional information in table 6. Using the SPFs calibrated for both the before and after periods, annual multipliers were estimated for each year. In 2006, there was no data for the after period, so a multiplier does not exist for that year for the after period SPF. Similarly, there is no multiplier for 2009-2011 using the before period data. The average of the multipliers for the common years (2007-2008) is computed. The after period multipliers post-2007 are adjusted by dividing the values by the 2007-2008 average. Finally, the missing yearly multipliers for the before period model are adjusted by multiplying the average from 2007-2008 (1.03) by the value of the adjusted after period multiplier for each year. These are the annual multipliers used in the evaluation.
Table 6. Illustration of alternate approach.
Using After Period Data
Adjusted After Period Multipliers
Using Before Period Data
Adjusted Before Period Multipliers
N/A = Not applicable.
Blank cell = No adjustment is required.
Page Owner: Office of Research, Development, and Technology, Office of Safety, RDT
Topics: research, safety
Keywords: research, safety, Rumble strips, low-cost, safety improvements, safety evaluations, Empirical Bayesian
TRT Terms: research, Safety and security, Safety, Transportation safety
Scheduled Update: Archive - No Update needed
This page last modified on 01/31/2017
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Summer beckons, grills are firing up and the long days of plentiful sunshine make a perfect backdrop for outdoor dining. This month, Land O'Lakes brings their new 4 Cheese Italian Blend Deli Cheese to theKitchen PLAY table, hosting a "30 Days of Outdoor Dining" party. For the next 30 days, Land O'Lakes will partner with a new food blogger each day to inspire your next culinary adventure. Whether picnic or poolside, a long weekend or a quick meal, LAND O LAKES® Deli Cheese will help you taste the best ofoutdoor dining this summer and beyond!
Day 22: Grilled Bruschetta Grilled Cheese from Lauren of Healthy. Delicious.
*No purchase necessary to enter. Void where prohibited. Open to US residents over the age of 18.Winners randomly chosen from all qualified entries on June 29, July 6, 13, and 20, 2012. Winners will be notified via email and must respond within 48 hours, after which time another winner will be randomly selected.
When we want to dine al fresco, we generally go for a small bonfire perfect for roasting bratwurst. I can see thin slices of Land O Lakes 4 Cheese Italian Blend laid across a steaming bratwurst already! Can't wait to try it!
These are some awesome recipes. I can always use more ideas for outdoor dining. 🙂 The Land O'Lakes Grill Set Prize Pack is perfect for summer grilling.
For dining al fresco I like to prepare salads in advance so they are well chilled. I also like to freeze whole strawberries and other fruit to add as ice cubes in sparkling water. Love the outdoors, love gathering with great people and LOVE to eat!
We like to keep it light when dining outdoors with salds and sandwiches.
I live making aqua frescas for outdoor dining– water mixed with fresh fruit juice for a light treat!
Coolers aren't just for cold. If you need to keep foods warm, a cooler – with no ice, obviously – will help keep warm foods warm, and will keep them safe from flying buzzing creatures who want to crash your party.
I learned this tip from my mom. When you're meeting at a park/beach–whatever–for a big family picnic/outing, ALWAYS be the person that packs a sharp knife, extra plastic forks/knives/spoons, a lot of napkins, salt and pepper shakers, wet naps, and a liquid hand soap (stored in a zip top bag). Yes, soap. The public bathrooms at these parks are notorious for being out of soap!
My mom was always the go to person in our extended family. Someone always forgot some important utensil, like a knife to cut something they just grilled, or forks to eat their potato salad–even something as simple as salt to season something bland. Just pop these things in a reusable canvas or plastic shopping bag, and you'll be a lifesaver!
Land O Lakes cheese and bbq, quite a pairing! I can't eat a grilled cheese sandwich or cheeseburger with any other cheese!


text:
Barn Burning Analysis
Thomas Bertonneau writes in "An Overview of 'Barn Burning,' "the price of wisdom is suffering, but the price of freedom, of whatever kind, is wisdom. . ." (Bertonneau 15). Though "Barn Burning" appears to be a strange story with little value at first glance, it actually withholds a great deal of significance. In fact, the story's oddities contribute to its literary value when one carefully scrutinizes them. The grotesque elements create mystery, leading an audience to seek for a hidden meaning. William Faulkner designed the story in a way that forces readers to search for an answer, rather than blatantly displaying said answer. The main theme, literary device, and style of "Barn Burning" all come together to create not just a simple, easily…show more content…
In "Barn Burning," the theme of loyalty and betrayal contribute greatly to the main conflict of the short story. Though this theme dominates throughout the story, it goes hand-in-hand with the theme of morality. With immense pressure from his father, Sarty struggles to determine the role that loyalty to family plays in morality. In Sarty's situation, there are a few factors delaying his decision: his father's abuse and disappointment in him in general. In "Barn Burning" William Faulkner writes, "'You would have told him.' He didn't answer. His father struck him with the flat of his hand on the side of his head…" (Faulkner 4). Sarty wishes to reveal the truth to others, but there is always the threat of Abner's abuse and disappointment looming over him. In reality, the physical abuse affects Sarty less than his constant fear of not living up to Abner's expectations, which reveals plenty about Sarty's personality. Abner expects his son to stand wholeheartedly by his actions, right or wrong. He assumes that a blood relation entitles him to a lifetime of support, disregarding what his young son may be experiencing. In "Barn Burning" William Faulkner states, "he aims for…show more content…
Gothic and modern themes prevail in "Barn Burning." Faulkner was born and raised in the South, and those origins play a large role in the content of "Barn Burning," as the moral of the story revolves around change in the South. The early 1900's was an era of innovation and newfound ideals, and life was changing drastically as a result. In Short Stories for Students Tim Akers and Jerry Moore state, "the new age seemed to represent a breakdown of the human spirit itself, seduced by the gewgaws of technology and the ease of undisciplined living" (Faulkner 11). In Abner, Faulkner displays grotesque characteristics such as an unhealthy desire to burn and a physical handicap from the war. This characteristic is much like Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" and Flannery O'Connor's "The Life You Save May Be Your Own." All of these short stories examine characters with handicaps and disturbing desires. Abner also personifies loss of traditional values in the South during the early 1900s, which ties to modernism. Faulkner used his writing to comment on the new era, and it is obvious that he was not fond of it due to his grotesque characterization of Abner. Faulkner describes Abner as almost inhuman, as he never feels any remorse for his behavior. In Short Stories for Students editors Tim Akers and Jerry Moore write, "Faulkner could even be called a reactionary - and in truth he was reacting, negatively, to
All My Sons Analysis
GEAS2103 Literary Appreciation Term paper Name: Lau Chi Yeung, Ben Student ID:15668495 Section:56 Title: Justice or forgive Introduction In most of the drama or fiction, the main character may facing betray. In Arthur Miller's All My Sons, Chris feel betrayed by his father Joe because Joe have hidden his crime and cause some soldier dead. In Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace, Andrew also betrayed by his fiancée Natasha cheat with Kuragin. But Chris and Andrew choose different way to face the problem. This essay will discuss about Chris in Arthur Miller's All My Sons, why Chris cannot accept his father do these crimes and punch him.
Summary Of The Kite Runner And Forgiving Our Father
On the other hand, Lourie, the poet of "Forgiving Our Fathers," internally debates about forgiving his own father. The poem addresses childhood trauma and should the distraught child forgive the father. Parallels drawn from The Kite Runner and "Forgiving Our Fathers" are abandonment, disappointment, and anger. Abandonment is shown in both medium because it is a trait that causes a deep emotional rift between father and son. In The Kite Runner, Amir always wants to join his father for some bonding time but is repeatedly turned down.
August Wilson Fences Analysis
He tries to teach him to be tough because that's how he knew to grow up. He's Always talking about facing the devil, symbolizing his dad. Since troy doesn't know how to love properly, or be loyal, he isn't loyal to rose. He's selfish in thinking that he deserves more than rose does. He looks for happiness in another female because he thinks he's fulfilling his duty of being a man because he provided materials to his family.
Barn Burning And Eveline Analysis
Sartoris deviates from his father by disclosing his father's plans to burn the landholder's barn, and then proceeds to run away to the unsettled parts of the America's. Though Eveline is quite a few years older than Sartoris, she was clearly unable to leave her father. As Eveline tries to muster up the courage that Sartoris so easily found, her fear only increases and enables her. Even with the love of her life's support and direction, she is still unable to accomplish was Sartoris did so
Night By Elie Wiesel Family Character Analysis
Elie's feelings change about his father countless times. He loves his father but he doesn't really want him around anymore. This theme is not only important to the book, but it is important to life. Family will forever be complex, and navigating it can be harder, but Wiesel showed it was possible by illustrating to readers that there will always be good and bad times, it shows the internal conflict about whether he wants his father around or not, and it illustrates the dehumanization that broke the connection between Elie and his father. Most everyone loves their family, or they at least have someone, but at times, people need a break from them.
Chaos Against Order In William Faulkner's Barn Burning
The focus is more towards Sarty Snopes, but very well appears to focus on his father as well. The story wastes no time in establishing and showing the reader the relationship between Sarty and his father. His father immediately makes the connection between his son and himself hostile and toxic to a certain extent. What is used to paint such a distasteful collaboration of these characters is very real, earthly methods of manipulation. Sarty's father turns a good value, loyalty, and twists it using it in a disgusting way to benefit himself.
Corruption In Barn Burning
For example, in the case of barn burning, his dad supposes that Sarty will give a statement, which helps him to be free from the charges, however, Sarty is no in such mood and has made up his mind to reveal the truth, irrespective of his risk of his own father's imprisonment. But, luckily, magistrate doesn't go deep in the case and avoids taking the evidences or statements from the Sarty. But, when father and son meet the next night, his father explains him why he should not reveal the truth in the court and he also describes him the importance of the family responsibility and faithfulness. However, I feel that young Sarty has developed his own system of justice by that time and, nevertheless, he disagrees with his father, respecting his family status, he avoids conflict or further discussion on that
Firewatch Character Analysis
In particular, because the mystery is rendered nigh-on insignificant by its unlikely, and unrewarding, conclusion - it feels as if you are being strung along different avenues by multiple poorly conceived red herrings that all fail to amount to anything resembling meaningful. Which is a terrible shame, because its lackluster execution severely detracted from my enjoyment of Firewatch - to the point where I feel Firewatch would be a better experience without its
Forgiving Our Fathers In The Kite Runner
When you get older your dad is the one who shows you how to provide and protect for your own family. In the end both pieces demonstrate that an insecure father with bad decisions and contradictions can alter the pathway, life, and own decisions of his son. In stanza one Dick writes "…he stole your money…" a father does not steal or take from his children he should supply them with the essentials of life. In my perspective this is not called a father, this is called a coward. Especially if your 'golden rule' is to never steal.
Loyalty In Barn Burning
Sarty is a fascinating and dynamic young boy that faces a major ethical dilemma. Going back to the quote at the beginning, loyalty is a key part of this story. It is Sarty's undying loyalty to his terrible father that drives the story forward. The first scene we come to where Sarty displays loyalty to his father is when Abner is on trial for the crime of burning down a black man's barn. The court decides they want Sarty to testify.
More about Barn Burning Analysis
Right-wing politics
Left-wing politics


Everyday Inventors hear terms, phrases, abbreviations or acronyms and have no idea what they mean. This is compounded by the fact that most people are reluctant to ask the meaning of something they don't know for fear of looking uninformed. So I thought I would make a listing of a number of these terms , phrases, abbreviations and acronyms and give a plain English interpretation to help expand everyone's understanding.
Non-Disclosure (NDA)- A document that both parties signs agreeing to keep any information discussed or shown confidential. Each party must get a signed original for their records of the document.
Minimum royalty payment- The lowest amount per your contract you will receive quarterly in royalties no matter how many units of the product are sold.
Upfront payment or "advance on royalties"- payment made prior to the product going to market to the Inventor. Once the product is on the market the Inventor does not receive any royalties until the advance is equaled in royalties paying the company back for the advance.
Exclusivity- An agreement between the Inventor and the company stating that the company will be the only party entitled to manufacture and sell your product. It can be written for one market or all markets.
Non-exclusive- An agreement that the company has the right to manufacture and sell your product, but the Inventor is still able to make the same agreement with other companies.
Letter of intent or MOU (memorandum of Understanding) Either document is used to state each parties intent and course of action to meet a common goal. These documents are normally followed by a formal contract between the two parties once everyone is in agreement.
Licensing agreement- Document stating the terms of payment both parties agree to for licensing the product. These can include minimums, advances, royalties; payment schedule, length of contract assigned rights and whatever can be negotiated by both parties.
Sell sheet- A one or two page document with drawings, and benefit explanations specific to the product. This allows the reader to get a full overview of the product and its marketability.
Prototype- functional model that can demonstrate your products features. It can be crude or manufacture ready in quality.
Licensing agent or Broker- A Person that represents you and your product to possible investors, manufacturers, and licensing companies. They get a percentage of the royalties of any licensing deal accepted as part of their services.
Patent attorney-Writes patent claims, researches the patent , and works to help the client obtain a patent on their idea/product.
Patent agent-works with the product developer/Inventor to negotiate patent agreements. Does similar work as the Patent attorney, but is normally not a lawyer.
Proof of Concept- The ability to demonstrate via a prototype, engineering model, 3-D animation, etc that your product actually will work as claimed.
Investor/Angel Investor- Person(s) or group that invests money for the development and production of your idea/product. This investment is normally for a portion/ownership of the company/product.
3-D printer- Utilizing CAD drawing input the printer makes a 3-D solid model of the design.
Wholesale price- The price the manufacturer charges distributers, vendors and stores for the product. This price is what is used to base the inventors' royalty percentage payment.
Retail Price- Price stores charge the consumer for the product.
Product launch- date the company plans to have the product on store shelves available to consumers.
Retainer or hold fee- monetary payment made to inventor to allow company to keep your product/idea longer for further evaluation or development without the Inventor sending it to another company.
Cold calling- contacting a company for the first time to pitch your idea/product and not knowing anyone within the company.
Minimums- Clause in the contract that states whether your product sells X-amount units or not, you still get paid X-amount per year.
ROI- Return on investment- This is what investors look at before putting in any money. What will the return in profits to them be versus how much they have to put in? This is where they decide what the risk factor is.
Kill fee- amount you are paid for services rendered if the deal/contract is cancelled.
Work For Hire- Normally a fee paid for services rendered where the person providing the service has no legal ownership of the finished product. Example- you have a prototype made by a company. They performed the work but you own the finished product. If you sell a million of them they do not get any further compensation than the fee you paid for the original service of having the prototype made.
Wish list- some companies will send out a list specifying the areas they want to see new ideas .
Branding- Method used to promote the product to the consumer. A proper branding campaign can be more effective than patenting to protect your protect from knockoffs.
Copycats/knockoffs- product that is built similar to the original and is in direct competition with the original product. It may also be in violation of the original products patent. The term for this violation is called infringement.
Patent search- A search done by a patent lawyer, patent attorney or patenting firm to see if any other patent has been issued on the same or similar concept you have in mind. Any claims similar to yours will have to be addressed and rebuttal as to why yours is unique from the patent issued.
Product Search – Can be a company that holds an innovation search for a sponsor/company looking for innovation in a particular area.
It can also be the process of doing a search to see if a product already exists within the market place.
What the market will bear- the top price the consumer will pay before they decide it is too costly for what they are wanting/needing. Example music CDs could sell at $8 and still make a profit but they know consumers are willing to pay $12 and up for their favorite music group.
Perceived value- What a consumer sees as value that prompts them to buy one product over the other.
MOQ – Stands for Minimum Order Quantity. The minimum amount of product you have to order to get the product and the company selling to you to make a profit.
Deliverables- Something specified to be accomplished or met in a contract.
FOB- Can be used as Free on Board or Freight on Board. It generally refers to which party the seller or the buyer pays for shipment and loading costs.
Blow Molding – Method for making a product that requires a hollow space. Items such as bottles, cans, containers, jars, etc. The process normally uses two heated internal surfaces of a two piece mold, hot plastic and compressed air to make the product/part. Injection Molding- Method similar to Blow Molding except you are squeezing the mold under high pressure. Molds are normally made from ceramic, steel or aluminum and used to make solid objects. Where Blow Molding objects are normally hollow inside.
Angel Investor- A individual or a small group of investors that provide capital for start-ups, new ventures and provides business advice and could possibly provide business contacts.
Wholesale Price- The price a company charges for a product normally sold to a retailer. The retailer will then increase the price they paid and sell it to the consumer. Note: This is normally the price used when referring to a royalty rate percentage paid per unit in a licensing agreement to an Inventor. It is not to be confused with the Retail Price that is charged to the consumer.
Retail Price- The price for a product or service sold to the consumer. Note: This price is not used when calculating an Inventor's royalty rate.
Buy Back – Normally a provision in a contract where the seller agrees to buy back the merchandise for a certain price after being sold to the retailer if it arrives damaged, unsellable, customer returns, late shipment (such as a holiday item that arrives after the holiday) and other issues that the two parties have negotiated into the contract.
Test marketing – where the product is exposed to a select sample of the population so the company can get a snapshot of consumer's reaction to the product and based on these+ results they may decide to move forward with the product or reject it before going to a full scale launch of the public. It can also be used to find and fix issues found by the test market group prior to full scale launch.
OEM (Original Equipment by Manufacturer) producer of the end product. Example- the motor for your car that was originally installed at the facility where the car was built.
AfterMarket- parts/accessories that were not originally installed or they can be replacement parts for the original parts. Example- various kits you can purchase for your car that were not original equipment when it was made.
LOI- Letter of Intent – in most cases a LOI shows that a company is interested in moving forward towards a contract and outlines some of the terms under which they plan on proceeding.
SBA- (Small Business Association) organization that helps small businesses with loan programs and mentoring/counseling. They also ensure a certain percentage of federal dollars are expended to small businesses.
Business Plan- Documents that summarize how the company will be structured operate, and how money contributed by investors will be used. It gives an investor an overall view of the company and the projected milestones they will meet and the proposed profit the company and the investor is projected to attain.
KISS method- (Keep it simple stupid) taking a look at any project, process, idea and finding the simplest and most direct path.
Milestone- a scheduled accomplishment that is met within a project. This can be a deliverable event in a contract or a process/project Most milestones are measureable and observable and are one portion of a series of milestones to end with the completion of the project.
Margin- The difference of the cost price of a product/service and the selling price of that product/service.
DC (Distribution Center) location used for receiving, redistribution, and sometimes temporary storage of goods. Other terms used are Branch Warehouse or Distribution Warehouse.
SKU- Stock Keeping Unit- Every SKU is identified with its own unique number tied to a particular item. This helps track product and inventory. These numbers can be tied to the items EAN or UPC.
EAN- European Article Numbering- Standardized 13 digit bar code system for identifying almost anything. The EAN code is compatible with the UPC.
Shelf Life – for items such as produce, meats and other items that deteriorate it is the time that the item can remain effective/viable.
For other goods it generally means how long they expect it to remain in inventory.
Trade Secret- Know how, confidential information, formula, process that gives the company/individual a competitive advantage and if the know how, confidential information, formula, process is disclosed will harm the company/individual.
Patent- An issued document by the U.S Patent Office that your patent claim has been recognized by the U.S. government and that you own that claim. It helps protect your right to that unique patent and claim.
Provisional Patent-is a cheaper method to file a holding spot with the patent office for one year on your idea. During that one year you need to be working towards preparing a full patent, getting your product to market or seeking a company to license the product from you.
Product Placement – A method of getting your product expose/publicity by having the product used in something the public sees such as advertisement, media events, celebrity endorsement, used in a movie or TV by the actors or placed in view in the background.
Product Adaptation – This is where you take a current product and make improvements/modifications to the existing product to hopefully make it stand out from the others currently on the market.
Line Extension (sometimes called Brand Extension)- Adding new products to an existing brand and hoping that the existing name recognition will help fuel sales and exposure of the new products.
Gap in the Market – This is where you find void in the market that has potential customers and no one is serving a need/service. These gaps can be opportunities for companies or individuals to grab a customer base and expand their reach into the market place.
Garbage-in Garbage-out (GIGO) – term used to describe the fact that your data/research is only as good as the information source you have gathered it from in the first place. So if you get faulty information your final analysis will be faulty.
Operation Cost Target (OCT) – Normally refers to the max amount a company will spend on a particular project. This usually covers the material, labor and overhead associated with the project to make final completion.
Limitation of Liability – a disclaimer you normally would see in a contract where you would list the conditions/limits under which the disclaiming party can be held liable for damages or loss.
Like for Like Sales – a process where you compare this year's sales figures against last year's sales figures to determine which products within your line moved better than the others.
Repetitive Manufacturing- the process of making the same product during a manufacturing cycle. This normally happens in an assembly line type of environment.
Discrete Manufacturing- this is the opposite of Repetitive Manufacturing because your product is accounted for by distinct serial numbers, distinct amount of units, instead of accounting for production by weight or volume as in some other processes.
Product Placement- Practice of getting your product placed in view or use in a movie, show or other media that will be seen by the public.
Distribution Channel – manner that services or products get from the vendor to the consumer.
CNC- Computerized Numerical Control- automated controls guide machines and varying tools to do the job that used to be done manually. A number of these machines use CAD (computer aided designs) or CAM ( computer aided manufacturing) written programs to run the commands to operate the machinery.
RTA- Ready To Assemble- examples of this would be the desks, bookcases and shelves you can buy but have to assemble once you get them home.
How many Turns a Product will have- refers to how many units of a product you will sell on the shelf and how many times you will need to refill it in a year.
Running Royalty – is a royalty paid to the Inventor based on the number of units sold or manufactured instead of a onetime lump sum.
Gap Analysis – A process where you look at a particular product, its place in the market, its competitors, and figure what market share and profit you could attain.
Direct Response: (DR) Method of selling a product to consumers via television direct purchase.
Fulfillment: The distribution process of moving products from the factory to the retailer, managing sales, and collection and distribution of funds.
"Sell-In": The wholesale price a retailer is given from the manufacturer.
Drop Shipping: The process of sending product directly to a retailer's stores.
ASN ( Advanced Shipping Notice) This is a document sent to the customer letting them know detailed information about their order such as the weight, number of boxes, how the product is packaged and how it is being shipped.
Intrinsic value- This is the price you see on a good or service based on its demand and availability. It does not reflect the quality of the good or service. Which means just because it costs a lot or a little doesn't mean it is good or cheap.
First Right of Refusal – When an Inventor or company has a written contract stating that they will allow company X to see all ideas they design first and they will not send them out until written notice is given that company X has no interest in that product/idea. This is done prior to sending them out to other companies for review. You can also have a clause in your contract that says they have first right of refusal for products in a certain market and all others are free to pursue elsewhere.
Trademark – is a symbol, name, device or even a word that is used in trade with goods to indicate the source of the goods and to distinguish them from the goods of others. You can sometimes see the same name used by two different companies because they are in totally different categories of trade.
Products Footprint – amount of space it will take up on the store shelf or on the store floor as a display.
Blister Pack- normally a clear or lightly tinted piece of molded plastic attached to a cardboard backing . This blister pack is used to display the product to the consumer. Another name for it is Bubble pack.
Plan-o-gram or POG – This is a drawn plan that designates the placement/ location of the product on the stores shelves. These plans are normally prepared by the corporate office for the store/retail chain for its employees to follow.
TD's (Technical Drawings) – Drawings showing enough detail, dimensions, and notes sufficient for the objects construction.
Oblique Drawing – A three dimensional drawing of the object that can be used by yourself or a business to showcase the product and its features.
AGR- Adjusted Gross Revenue – If your royalty is based on this it means your percentage is calculated based on the revenue left after costs such as charge backs, spoilage, damages, returns, allowances are deducted from the profits.
Display costs- The cost of a display holding your product divided by the amount of units it will hold. If your display will hold 40 units each unit is 1/40th the cost of your display.
MGP – Manufacture Gross Profit – The difference between the development price and the wholesale price.
Consumable- a product used by consumers or businesses that have to be replaced regularly. Examples: paper products, foods, fuels, and more.
Durable goods – a product with a longer life span than consumables such as computers, phones, furniture, electronics, automobiles.
MBS- (Manufacturer's Break Strength), Point at which the product will most likely fail. There are many variations of this break point depending on the materials used and the product itself. Example- the break point for a rope is different than the break point for an audio speaker. Each has its own set of parameters at which it will fail.
WLL- (Working Load Limit) This is normally the recommended safe area in which the product performs as desired/designed.
Trade Barrier- This has a lot of moving parts. The barrier is normally imposed by the government on the exchange of international services or products. This can be enacted by tariffs, customs policies, import/export policies, restrictions on licensing, quotas limiting so many of a certain product into the country, technology transfer restrictions and a host of other factors.
Intuitive Use – Example- seeing a knife you quickly understand it can be used to cut or puncture an object. In the case of some products you have to ask the question: Does the consumer understand the purpose of the toy, tool, product by just seeing it or is there a learning curve involved? Will it need a commercial built around it, specific packaging detailing how it is to be used, will it require an onsite video playing to get the consumers attention to the products value?
SME – Subject Matter Expert- the person that has the most knowledge of a particular subject. In an Inventors case they should be that expert on their product.
Elasticity of Demand – typically viewed where you see an increase in sales as the product price drops and a decrease in sales if the price rises.
LineSheet – basically a breakdown about your product you are selling letting the retailer know minimum quantities needed per order, the price per unit, a photo of the product, if they come in varying colors or sizes, discounts for orders over a certain volume, what are your best sellers, payment terms, lead time on orders, shipping method, damage and return policy.
Indemnify – (normally seen in a contract) protects a person or company against damage or loss.
Unrealistic Expectations (In reference to inventing) unreasonably idealistic in their approach and vision of how things really work and what they feel should happen. Could be deemed impractical and difficult to work with from a company's perspective. Not knowledgeable of the industry they are working within and feels the industry should bend to their demands.
Industry Standards- criteria within an industry that sets the rules they use for day to day operations.
ETL – Electrical Testing Lab. They are recognized by OSHA (Occupational Safety Health Association) as a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory from which you can have them test your product and if it passes testing you can put the ETL symbol/logo on your product showing it has passed their testing and certification process. They are known for having a lower cost structure than UL certification and quicker turnaround through their process.
UL- UnderWriter's laboratory – They are recognized by OSHA (Occupational Safety Health Association) as a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory from which you can have them test your product and if it passes their strict standardized testing you can put the UL symbol/logo on your product showing it has passed their standardized testing and certification process. They are known for having very high standards in compliance and do follow-up with companies to ensure they maintain those standards in production.
CSA – Canadian Standards Association is recognized by OSHA (Occupational Safety Health Association) as a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory from which you can have them test your product and if it passes their standardized testing you can put the CSA symbol/logo on your product showing it has passed their testing and certification process., CSA is very familiar with U.S. requirements.
CE – Commission of Europe- the CE mark is used to certify a product has met the European Union health, safety and environmental requirements that ensure workplace and consumer safety. If a manufacturer wants to sell their product throughout Europe they need this CE mark to avoid having to go through further product modifications from other European countries.
Public Pair – (Patent Application Information Retrieval) A great resource for finding out if maintenance fees are current or the patent has lapsed. Gives information on issued or published patent application status.
Off Shore – Generally referencing manufacturing done outside the United States.
Spoilage – The number of items broken in a shipment from the factory or fulfillment center to a retailer.Manufacturing Broker: Person, company or group that will find a factory to manufacture your parts or product and takes a direct fee, or percentage of each unit made as payment.
QR Bar Code- Quick Response Bar Code is normally a two-dimensional bar code that is inside a square block and can be read by most Smart Phones. It is associated with a link to a website, additional information, phone number, text, video and wide variety of other information. They are very commonplace outside the U.S. and gaining popularity within the U.S.
The Hook – The main feature/function your product has that will make a consumer see value in having your product. Example: saves time, saves money, does the task faster, easier than other product.
Misdirected perception in packaging (also involves perceived value) – When you make the consumer feel they are getting more for their money by making the packaging bigger. Example: Potato chips are sold by weight not volume, but the larger bag makes you think there is more inside until you open the bag. Think about how many products you buy that have a lot of dead space in the packaging.
RFID- RFID stands for Radio-frequency identification and is the wireless non-contact use of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data.
Polypropylene – is referred to as PP for short and also called polypropene. It is a thermoplastic used in a wide array of products such as plastic containers, plastic parts, various packaging and more.
Polyethylene – is referred to as PE for short and also called polythene. It is one of the most commonly used plastics. It can be found in plastic bags, plastic containers, bottles and more.
COG – Cost of Goods is the total cost attributed to the production of the product sold by the company including the material and labor costs.
CADs – Computer Aided Designs- these are designs generated by the designer using computer software depicting the object so that it can be machined, tested, give specific dimensions, material specifications and more to aid in the production of the object.
CPO – can mean a number of things such as Certified Pre-Owned in the auto world, or in the business world Chief Procurement Officer. In the ASOTV world it means Cost Per Order. That is the amount spent on advertising and marketing to procure the individual sale. CPO can also be called Cost Per Acquisition.
BOM – Bill of Materials- this is a comprehensive list of the various materials, components, sub-components, and quantities of each component needed to manufacture the finished product.
STEP and IGES – are neutral file formats used to transfer files between various CAD software. Editing these is normally not available because the history tree is unavailable in this format.
Due Diligence – period where the company interested in possibly licensing a product does their research into that products market share, cost, return on investment, profit margin, manufacturing process and more before deciding to make an offer on the product offered for licensing.
Trademark is what consumers recognize as the brand/insignia of your product/goods.
Term Sheet – A document/framework that is used as a starting point in negotiations between two or more parties that can cover some of the following items, Licensing Fee, royalties, percentages, advances, payment schedule, milestones each party must meet, length of the proposed contract and more.
Each Term Sheet is specific to that particular situation and what each party brings to the table and is willing to accept. Based on the Term Sheet a contract can be structured more rapidly and all the legal terms can be added to make it official and ready for all parties to sign.
Prototype Molds – Are molds generally used to for prototyping short run manufacturing and used as a bridge tooling before moving to large-scale manufacturing. Doing short runs allows for proof of concept, testing the market, weeding out bugs before going to the final tooling and rapid production.
Drop forging – Normally done by a very heavy specific shaped die dropping down hammering the hot metal into another die to get a uniform shape.
Press forging – using hydraulic pressure to force the hot metal into a die to get the desired shape.
Roll forging – You get the shape desired by running the hot metal between two rollers.
Cold forging – A process mainly used on small pieces where the metal is not heated but still pressed into a die to get the required shape.
OPP- Opening Price Point. This is typically the lowest price a supplier can offer to the merchant and can be the lowest priced item in that category. The merchant uses this item as a way to gain the consumer's attention and create the illusion of value hoping the consumer will be more receptive to higher price pointed items in the store.
One Off item – is normally a single item for sale or a single item you add to a line of products or a single item that is totally different from all the other items the company may currently produce. This can be a challenge to get into a company or store because it is a single item and may not fit their current planogram. Or it is an item that would require its own space that affects the other products displayed in that area. Example : You have developed a unique new type of dog leash and want to get it into PetSmart. There are 7 other companies selling multiple dog leashes that takes up 8 feet of their shelf space from the floor to the top of the shelf. Are they willing to move, condense or remove any of the current leashes from this spot in order to place your one item?
GMP – Good Manufacturing Practices – is a set of guidelines used in the manufacturing industry to ensure they follow a set of standards giving them consistent quality in production. This can include employee training, the types of materials they use in production, testing of the product, procedures used to run and maintain equipment, standard and random testing of the product, and documentation giving a paper trail showing that compliance of standards. This is all done to ensure the first product and the last product manufactured are of the same quality.
(POP) display or Point of Presence Display – These are typically those mobile/portable displays you see in stores that focus on selling a particular item or themed products. They are easily moved from one location to another to gain consumer attention and prompt sales of those items.
Family Mold – This is a mold that makes multiple parts at one time. You cannot use it to make just one of the parts within the mold. It is all of them or none of them. Example would be model car kits that have the doors, the hood, sand the mirrors all on one frame you can snip the parts off of as you make the car. If you wanted to make just the doors it is not possible.
Minimum Advertised Pricing (MAP Pricing) this is the price a manufacturer sets as the lowest level a product can be sold for and still be within their profit margin.
Floor Shipper – This is a prepackaged display of a product ready to go straight onto the retailer store floor. The display can be made of a variety of materials such as corrugated cardboard, plastic, wood, metal. You normally see these at the end of aisles or along the aisle as a standalone display.
Customer Life Cycle – This is the cycle of steps a consumer goes through when deciding, buying, using and having loyalty to a service or brand.
Impulse Item – A product that is normally staged near the register in hopes that a consumer will see it and buy it on the spur of the moment. It can also be considered anything that was not a planned purchase.
J-Hook – Method used to suspend items outward from a shelf so consumers can see them easily and hopefully make an impulse purchase.
Market exclusive contract – this is a contract written giving the company/individual exclusive rights to market/sell the product in a certain market. This leaves the product available for other markets. Example: If you had a product that could be sold in the pet and the toy market and you signed a market exclusive contract for the pet market you are still open to go and sell or license that same product in the toy market without conflicting with your contract in the pet market.
DMP – Deceptive Marketing Practices – misleading or false statements used to gain consumer appeal for a product.
Strip Hook Display– These are typically a narrow strip of flexible plastic with vertical tabs used to hold a product hanging off the store shelf.
Targeted Release – Holding a shelf ready product back until a specific season or date to gain optimum sales and exposure.
Minimum Performance – this is typically the lowest projected sales expected on a product, or the lowest units sold allowed per the contract before you can void the contract.
Product Family Expansion – when a product belongs to a line of products. Example: such as cleaning items and by adding this product it is expanding the line of products aiding in cleaning. It can be sold individually or put with a grouping to enhance the selection a consumer might purchase at the same time. Such as a mop being sold in a section with buckets, sponges, brushes, brooms. These are a different type of impulse buy since you came in for the mop but now seeing the brushes or broom you decide you might as well get one while you are there.
Effective date: The date all parties agreed the agreement comes into full force and effect. Other terms that can be used that have the same meaning are: agreement date, execution date, signing date, commencement date.
Mass Market – Products that are available to consumers through retail chains, Mom and Pop stores nationally. Attempt to appeal to an entire market segment using mass distribution.
Niche Market – A small segment or specific segment of the overall consumer market. Examples: scuba divers, race car drivers, needle point, farm tractors, math teachers.
ABD – As Built Drawings – normally these are drawings showing all the parts that went into constructing the product and have been added along the way from start to finish.
Intuitive Use/Function – the product is such that the consumer understands its use without the need for a detailed commercial or instruction. Example would be a pair of scissors.
Hold Fee – payment made to an individual or company to gain exclusive rights to hold the product/idea for further evaluation.
Discontinuous Innovation/ Disruptive Innovation – This is a product that enters a market and takes it to the next level and affects the current products on the market eventually making them obsolete. Example would be the laser printer versus the dot matrix printer. Another would be a black and white TV versus a color TV.
CNY – Chinese New Year – is the Chinese holiday marking the start of the New Year. The holiday begins on the second new moon after the winter solstice and ends on the full moon fifteen days later. It is marked by visits to family and friends, special meals, fireworks, and gift giving. During this time period most factories close or have a very limited staff. This translates into Production time will be delayed and quotation requests will be processed slower.
Opportunity cost – is the decision or lack of decision that prevents the movement of your product.
Inflating an Innovation – The act of adding on parts or features that have no real benefit to the product other than to make it look more elaborate.
Obsolete Inventory – Product that has reached the end of its life cycle normally determined when a product has not seen any sales within a set time. The company generally ends up at a loss as they try and dump the inventory.
Excessive Inventory- this can be as bad as Obsolete inventory but from a different angle. Excessive Inventory can be due to over-ordering or misjudging the market and getting stuck with overstock and nowhere to sell it.
First right of refusal – a company may ask an inventor to sign an agreement stating they will send the company their ideas pertaining to that company's market first giving the company first look. If the company passes on the idea the Inventor is free to move on to the next company. just make if you go this route that their is a set time limit for the review and the response. Otherwise they can hold your idea indefinitely keeping it off the market.
New product investment process (NPIP) – Getting a product to market takes a lot of steps. Utilizing NPIP is a process where each step is given the same critical overview as the one before it to ensure you have no weak links that can cause failure.
Approved Vendor List (AVL) This is a list of suppliers that have already been vetted by the company to ensure they meet or exceed quality control for the services or parts they provide.
Planogram – a drawing/picture/model showing the placement of goods in a store shelf. This guide is used by retailers to maximize the space available in a store to maximize sales.
Product Determination – this is the process of taking the initial idea down to its base components to finalize the parts needed for the finished product. Example, will a screw, a clip, glue be the best solution to hold a component in place and which is most cost effective?
Assembly Deficient – A product that can't be manufactured in a manner that is cost effective making it profitable to the company.
Market Entry Barriers – generally means anything such as competition, cost, manufacturing issues that will hamper you from getting to market.
Patent Maintenance Fees – these are payments made to the patent office to keep the granted patent active/enforced. These fees are generally due at 3 years, 7 years and at 11 years. Failure to pay can result in your patent being abandoned/expired.
Designated Area – this is normally referred to in the contract as the area in which the company licensing the idea/product can manufacture and sell the product. Such as Worldwide rights, North America rights, European rights etc.
Termination Rights – Normally part of a contract explaining each parties rights to terminate the contract. These can include failure to meet certain goals/milestones, violating certain terms, failure to pay royalties and more.
Crude Prototype- a prototype that is not factory finished but is designed to show proof of concept. These can be homemade out of parts from existing products, 3- D printed and use a variety of materials to "GET" the point of the product across.
Brand Extension – Utilizing the companies current brand recognition of products to the consumer to help launch additional new products into that line.
Distribution Grant/List – A listing of the various retail locations, internet channels, distribution channels you have authorization to market/sell your products.
Class of Goods – primarily used by the Patent Office when filing for a Trademark.
Royalty Overage – Money paid in royalties above the minimum rate in the contract. Example, your contract states the minimum you will receive in a year in royalties will be $50,000 and due to great sales you received $85,000 in royalties. $35,000 would be the Overage paid.
Sell Off Period – If an agreement/license has been terminated it is the amount of time the licensee has to sell off any remaining inventory.
Market Push Product – When the company comes up with a product they like to build out their line, don't have consumer interest, but try to get the consumer to buy it.
Market Pull Product – A product where it is a solution to consumer/market need normally to solve a known or perceived problem. Hopefully to generate sales.
LOG- Letter of Guarantee- can be a letter written by a bank requested by the Inventor who has entered into an agreement to buy items from a supplier. The LOG provides assurance from the bank to the Supplier that the Inventor will fulfill the obligations of the contract.
AA – Age Appropriate. Make sure you have your target audience correct before you contact a company. Example companies that cater to kids 5 and under do not want to see items for teens.
Technology Break – point where current technology and manufacturing knowledge don't meet the needs to produce the product.
RTP – Ready to Play- This is referencing items that you can unpack and do not require assembly in order to use.
Patent pendency- Average time in months from filing to either issuance or abandonment of the patent.
Vanishing point of return – point where the Inventor has sunk so much money into the invention they feel they can't stop now. This feeling works great for everyone selling you services.
Sub-License : This is where the original company or person whom licensed the idea/product and signs a licensing agreement with a third party to distribute/sell the idea/product. Per your agreement with the original company you should receive compensation for those sales.


Spring is a fantastic season for starting or continuing your journey with herbal medicines. Before diving in, it is a great idea to understand how herbs can be categorized and which herbs are safe to experiment with on your own.
I encourage everyone to try out herbal medicine recipes and make their own home remedies as possible. For some, this may seem intimidating, but with a little guidance and encouragement, anyone can tap into the healing found in forging a closer relationship with your medicine.
There are also many herbal formulas available for purchase at your local health food store, and many can be found in a well-stocked alternative medicine aisle at your local grocery store. Be sure you know a bit about the manufacturer you are considering purchasing herbal remedies from. Where do they get their plant materials, how are they processed, and how are they tested. I also encourage people to buy from local companies and start with dried or fresh herbs as additions to your food or as medicinal teas. Avoid capsules of herbal products unless specifically recommended by a medical practitioner who knows your medical history and current issues very well.
My favorite companies to purchase herbs from are: Mountain Mel's, Herb Pharm, Eclectic Institute, Mountain Rose Herbs, and Gaia Herbs.
I like to divide herbs into four categories based on how I use them for treatment.
Tonifying herbs are used to strengthen or support a weakened or stressed body system. They can be used ongoing for months or even years and have a low risk of interacting with medications.
When using stimulating and sedating herbs, they must be used under the guidance of a trained herbalist to reduce your risk of causing yourself further health issues. This is because these herbs also have a higher risk of interfering with medications. However, occasional use of the below-listed herbs is safe, but if you are using them as a treatment or regularly, you will want to check in with an herbalist/Naturopathic Doctor.
If you are new to herbal medicines or have yet to make any of your own medicines, I highly encourage you to start playing with the herbs in the nourishing category. If you are currently taking herbs in the stimulating or sedating category, I also highly recommend you speak with your doctor or a trained herbalist to determine if they are safe and effective treatments for you and your health goals.
So, would you like to learn more? Sign up for one of my upcoming herbal medicine classes. This month on March 22nd, I will be speaking about creating your own safe and effective spring detox using herbs, nutrition, and lifestyle interventions to move into the renewed energy of Spring.


I just found these apps, and what got me interested is that I supposedly can use on all my computers and phones, and the data will be synced across all platforms. Well, I have a few issues, that I need help with.
1. I have a Windows computer, Android phone and tablet, iPhone and iPad.
2. The applications will not work on the iPhone or iPad, the apps have been installing for almost 24hours.
3. There is no synchronization of data between the Windows and Android.


"Bambi and the Idea of Conservation." The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation: from Snow White to WALL-E, by David Whitley, 2nd ed., Routledge, 2016, pp. 82–102.
Salten, Felix. Bambi: a Life in the Woods. Barton Press, 2011.
Disney, Walt. Bambi. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment, 2017.
Abad-Santos, Alexander. "The 'Bambi's Mom' Moment: When Pop Culture Taught Us About Death." The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 30 Oct. 2013, www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/08/bambi-moment-when-pop-culture-taught-us-about-death/324507/.
"Animating Nature: The Making of Bambi." Oh My Disney, 12 Aug. 2016, ohmy.disney.com/movies/2016/08/12/animating-nature-making-bambi/.
"Bambi, a Life in the Woods." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Aug. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambi,_a_Life_in_the_Woods.
"Bambi's Jewish Roots." Jewish Review of Books, 23 Sept. 2015, jewishreviewofbooks.com/articles/618/bambis-jewish-roots/.
Demosthenes. "Disney's Bambi." Fleischer Studios, 1 Jan. 1970, norlinreelhistory.blogspot.com/2011/04/disneys-bambi.html.
"Feeding Wildlife." National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/feedingwildlife.htm.
Ferber, Alona. "The Man Who Wrote Bambi and Didn't Make a Dime from the Movie Was Born." Haaretz.com, Haaretz Com, 10 Apr. 2018, www.haaretz.com/jewish/.premium-this-day-bambi-s-father-is-born-1.5395430.
Gutenberg. "Eng." The Story of an Hour | Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing – EBooks | Read EBooks Online, www.gutenberg.us/articles/eng/bambi,_a_life_in_the_woods.
"How Did Bambi Lead to the Creation of Smokey the Bear?" Entertainment Legends Revealed!, 21 Oct. 2015, legendsrevealed.com/entertainment/2015/10/16/how-did-bambi-lead-to-the-creation-of-smokey-the-bear/.
"How 'Bambi' Hoodwinked American Environmentalists." What It Means to Be American, www.whatitmeanstobeamerican.org/ideas/how-bambi-hoodwinked-american-environmentalists/.
"Lutts: 'The Trouble with Bambi.'" Smokey's Revenge, www.history.vt.edu/Barrow/Hist2104/readings/bambi.html.
Ness, Mari. "Death and Survival: Felix Salten's Bambi: A Life in the Woods." Tor.com, 20 May 2015, www.tor.com/2015/05/07/the-disney-read-watch-bambi-a-life-in-the-woods/.
Villalobos, Ric. "The Problem With 'Bambi' The Rules And Knowledge Of Hunting Deer Are More Complicated Than The Film's Fans Realize." Spokesman.com, The Spokesman-Review, 28 Aug. 2011, www.spokesman.com/stories/1997/nov/02/the-problem-with-bambi-the-rules-and-knowledge-of/.
"Why Disney Movie Deaths Matter." /Film, 25 Aug. 2017, www.slashfilm.com/why-disney-movie-deaths-matter/.
What a powerful story! Such a shame the Disney movie wiped the whole thing clean. Of course, I can no longer bear the animals' excessive cuteness now. Keep it up!


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The Detroit automaker who killed Tesla in new self-driving car rankings
Silicon Valley eats Detroit's dust.
By Brett Williams on April 3, 2017
Sorry, Elon. Credit: Jose Sanchez/AP/REX/Shutterstock
> Tech > Transportation
Who's winning the race to bring self-driving cars to the masses?
Sorry Elon, a new report doesn't even have Tesla in its top 10 — instead, auto industry stalwart Ford finished first.
Navigant Research ranked 18 players in the self-driving game, ranked on a set of 10 criteria determined by the firm. It's an inexact science, especially with intangible concepts like "vision" and "staying power" included for consideration.
SEE ALSO: This Swedish ad perfectly mocks the hype around self-driving cars
Ford came away with the top spot because of its superior ability to execute on a "fully realized strategy," i.e., controlling the means to actually manufacture cars, according to a blog post that followed the report. That reasoning extended to the other companies leading the ranking, as traditional automakers GM, the Renault-Nissan Alliance, Daimler, and Volkswagen Group rounded out the top five spots.
Here's a look at the top 10:
1. Ford
2. GM
3. Renault-Nissan Alliance
4. Daimler
5. Volkswagen Group
6. BMW
7. Waymo
7. Volvo/Autoliv/Zenuity
9. Delphi
10. Hyundai Motor Group
Ford has arguably made the most noise from traditional automakers of late, which likely pushed it to the top of the group. The "mobility company" famously pledged to have a fully autonomous system ready for mass production by 2021, and has stayed in the headlines with improvements to its Fusion prototype and acquisitions, most notably its $1 billion investment in the fledgling startup Argo AI.
Ford was quick to respond to its favorable place in the study. Raj Nair, Ford's executive VP of product development and CTO wrote a lengthy Medium post about the top ranking, touting the company's autonomous strategy and capacity to manufacture vehicles to actually put its self-driving system on the streets.
No love for the new blood
Waymo was the first non-automaker in the roll, coming in at number six. Navigant called out the Alphabet spin-off and its peers for "putting the horse before the cart," claiming they'll need to invest "billions more to develop and manufacture vehicles or find an automaker partner willing to supply cars."
That's fair -- but it's also not even close to the strategy many of the non-automakers in the space appear to be following. Players like Intel and Nvidia have recently made massive investments in self-driving development projects, with no clear path to manufacturing any vehicles of their own. Instead, the tech companies will focus on creating independent autonomous platforms, which could be massively successful if they prove more effective than in-house developed systems.
Also notably stiffed from the top 10: Tesla. The Elon Musk-fronted electric automaker is arguably the closest company to having self-driving cars on the road. Its HW2-equipped vehicles, which are already in consumers' driveways, supposedly have the means for Level 5 autonomy once a series of over-the-air (OTA) software updates for its Autopilot system are installed. A fully self-driving demo is slated to take place by the end of 2017.
But Navigant Research made its position clear: what matters most in the race for autonomy is the good old-fashioned means of production. Time will tell if that will hold true, or if the future of mobility will be shifted by unforeseen innovations hidden around the bend.
Related Video: I tried a self-driving car in London and lived to tell the tale
More in Self-Driving Cars
Apple CarKey is reportedly coming to more cars soon
It's not just BMW anymore.
Tesla delays Cybertruck production to early 2023, report claims
No Cybertruck for you!
Tesla removes all hints about Cybertruck timing from website
There's no longer any mention of production starting in 2022.
Lime launches new e-bike featuring swappable batteries
A move to make your ride more reliable and sustainable.
All the electric bikes and scooters that rolled into CES 2022
The annual tech event was filled with e-bikes and scooters — and even electric motorcycles.
Time to process our 'Yellowjackets' finale emotions
Holy antler queen.
By Proma Khosla


If you have ever wanted to learn more about using Australian plants in your garden, then this is the tour for you!
Join an experienced guide on a journey from the Red Centre to the eastern seaboard, picking up expert tips to help you find the best Aussie plants that are right for your place.
Tours available at various times by request.
Group tours available at 10am or 1pm.
Guide-led 'audio descriptor' tours are available for visitors with low or no vision.
Bookings required, cancellation and refund policy applies.
Please note Group bookings ‒ minimum of 10.


text:
myAMINO Login
MYAMINO
Contact person specialized press
Dr. Jürgen Krauter
Head of Communications Nutrition & Care
Phone: +49 6181 59-6847
Fax: +49 6181 59-76847
juergen.krauter@evonik.com
Michael Giffels
Head of Communications Animal Nutrition
Phone: +49 6181 59 3763
michael.giffels@evonik.com
Evonik determines water footprint for global value chains
Participation in cooperative research project WELLE
Holistic sustainability assessment by 2020
Start within the Animal Nutrition business line
Essen (Germany). The Animal Nutrition business line of Evonik is to participate in the cooperative research project "Water Footprint for Companies - Local Measures in Global Value Chains" (WELLE). The aim is to expand life cycle assessments of products and processes by the aspects of water consumption and local water scarcity.
The three-year project launched in April is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The project management is carried out by the Department of Sustainable Engineering at the Technical University Berlin.
For Evonik, the protection of resources, the environment and climate is central to its business activity. Life cycle assessments (LCAs) are already firmly anchored in Evonik's operating businesses. For example, the Animal Nutrition business line has been regularly performing life cycle assessments for its amino acid products since 2003, in order to quantitatively assess their sustainability with regard to CO2 emissions, acidification and eutrophication over the entire life cycle ("cradle to grave").
"We would like to further expand our methodology to include the water footprint and to come to a holistic sustainability assessment by 2020, which also includes social aspects," says Dr. Michael Binder, responsible for the water footprint in Sustainability Development in the Nutrition & Care segment of Evonik.
One key focus will be on water consumption at the production sites. The methodology for this will be developed within the framework of the WELLE project, making Evonik one of the first companies to test its industrial applicability in the coming year.
However, a large proportion of water consumption does not arise at the production sites, but actually in the supply chain - often in countries already suffering from water shortages. So, a key part of the project WELLE is the consideration of entire global value chains. For Evonik, this means that its suppliers will also be included in the analysis, either by directly working with the methodology or asked to provide the raw data.
"In addition to climate change, water is expected to become one of the most dominant ecological issues in the coming years," predicts Dr. Martin Kirchner, Head of the Life Cycle Management Group from the Technology & Infrastructure segment, involved in the WELLE project. In the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, for example, it already attracts great attention.
"We are glad that this methodology development in the area of assessing water footprint is now being pushed forward. As a basis for making responsible future business decisions, reliable facts are essential," says sustainability expert Kirchner.
Evonik is one of the world leaders in specialty chemicals. The focus on more specialty businesses, customer-orientated innovative prowess and a trustful and performance-oriented corporate culture form the heart of Evonik's corporate strategy. They are the lever for profitable growth and a sustained increase in the value of the company. Evonik benefits specifically from its customer proximity and leading market positions. Evonik is active in over 100 countries around the world with more than 35,000 employees. In fiscal 2016, the enterprise generated sales of around €12.7 billion and an operating profit (adjusted EBITDA) of about €2.165 billion.
About Nutrition & Care
The Nutrition & Care segment is led by Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH and contributes to fulfilling basic human needs. That includes applications for everyday consumer goods as well as animal nutrition and health care. This segment employed about 7,500 employees, and generated sales of around
€4.3 billion in 2016.
In so far as forecasts or expectations are expressed in this press release or where our statements concern the future, these forecasts, expectations or statements may involve known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual results or developments may vary, depending on changes in the operating environment. Neither Evonik Industries AG nor its group companies assume an obligation to update the forecasts, expectations or statements contained in this release.


For history students of any age, there is nothing more poignant or pertinent than visiting the significant sites where the course of history was changed during the bloody battles of World War Two. The opportunity to tread the ground where so many soldiers laid down their lives to ensure our freedom is not simply educational; for young learners it can be positively life changing.
Taking students to explore key World War Two locations abroad allows them to step out of the curriculum and into a more tangible and relatable educational space. The experience of taking in historical facts, while walking in the footsteps of the war makers and soldiers from the history books, brings a drama and relevance that simply can't be achieved by classroom learning alone.
Exposing young hearts and minds to the realities of war by visiting the monuments and museums of places like London, the Opal Coast, Poland and Normandy, takes them out of their comfort zone within a safe and nurturing environment. With our comprehensive and sensitively considered itineraries, pupils are able to reassess their worldview and gain a new appreciation of their own lives and the cost at which the freedoms of modern society have come.
For Primary teachers, history at Key Stages 2 and above can be greatly enhanced by learning beyond the classroom. Even young children can gain an understanding of the concepts of war and its ramifications with the benefits of a school trip to London or the Opal Coast.
Taking pupils on an overnight excursion to the historic HMS Belfast affords them a fascinating insight into life on board a warship during WW2. The moment young feet touch the deck their thoroughly immersive experience begins, as they explore the Gun Turrets, Operations Room, Arctic Mess Deck and head below the waterline to see the Boiler Room, Shell Room and Engine Room.
They'll take part in various activities, including flag raising and a tour of the Captain's bridge, and learn about other aspects of a sailor's day-to-day life during war time through the 'Life at Sea' and 'War and Peace' exhibitions. On board life will become a vivid reality as youngsters 'kip on a ship' in real sailors' bunks for their overnight stay, and hear fascinating true-life stories of the men who lived in the cramped quarters of this mammoth ship.
In addition to HMS Belfast, the excursion can include a visit to Churchill's War Rooms, to explore the underground bunker and cabinet rooms that formed the epicentre of Britain's WW2 strategies.
An educational trip to the Opal Coast of France exposes young learners to the sites of some of the most monumental events of our times. The past is brought to life in a highly engaging way, with a first hand experience of some of the most important sites and battlegrounds of both the First and Second World Wars.
Youngsters will learn details of life in the trenches with a visit to the Somme 1916 Museum in Albert. They'll explore the actual underground trenches in which the soldiers lived, and discover the secrets of Hitler's covert bunkers and rocket bases. The experience of touring the sites that constitute so much of the curriculum provides the valuable opportunity for an overview of both World Wars, allowing teachers to place the events in context in a very real and memorable way.
For secondary level pupils, travelling to Poland and Normandy to visit the sobering WW2 sites is a hugely valuable adjunct to classroom curriculum learning. With the maturity to grasp the gravity of war and its repercussions, touring the concentration camps at Auschwitz or the D-Day landing beaches of Normandy will bring home the lasting effects of this brutal and sustained conflict.
A school trip to Krakow allows for a visit to important sites like the Jewish Museum and Kazimierz, the old Jewish quarter, but the highlight is the opportunity to see the former Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz. Our itineraries are designed to bring a destination to life in the most authentic and age-appropriate way, but young learners should be well prepared for their visit to Auschwitz.
While it is one of the most important historical sites in Europe, providing a deeply moving experience, it can also be confronting. That being said, there is no more evocative place in which to introduce teenagers to the stark realities of the war crimes and genocide that made up the landscape of WW2 in Europe. The exhibits are laid out throughout former camp buildings where prisoners were housed, and in this place of such poignant remembrance, young people have the opportunity to reflect on the past and consider its tragic legacy.
The beaches of Normandy are among the most high profile WW2 sites in Europe and constitute an important part of the curriculum studies at GSSE and A-level. Taking students to experience the palpable history of the D-Day landing beaches and other moving memorials and cemeteries allows them the opportunity to place the events – and ultimately the climax – of WW2 in clear context.
We've been crafting school trip itineraries for more than two decades, so we can create the ideal itinerary appropriate to any curriculum requirements. In Normandy we introduce students to the key historical sites, including the circular cinema, Arromanches 360, which provides a virtual reality experience of the Battle of Normandy; the American and Bayeux cemeteries; the evocative D-Day Landings Museum; and the Pegasus Bridge Museum.
For history students, Normandy is a veritable outdoor museum in and of itself. Its proximity to the UK and its wealth of educational opportunities make it one of the most enriching and valuable destinations for active learning – providing not only inspiration for the mind, but also great insight into the human spirit.
With more than 20 years of experience organising itineraries to the important WW2 sites across Europe, The School Travel Company can organise a tour and itinerary to suit any curricular objectives. If you'd like some advice or are interested in one of our itineraries, feel free to get in touch with our excellent sales team.