2012-03-29 First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=62142931&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US9820737(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset" by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
A surgical instrument including a handle portion, a body portion, an articulating tool assembly and a locking assembly is disclosed. The handle portion includes a movable handle. The body portion extends distally from the handle portion and defines a first longitudinal axis. The articulating tool assembly defines a second longitudinal axis and is movable from a first position where the second longitudinal axis is substantially aligned with the first longitudinal axis to at least a second position where the second longitudinal axis is at an angle to the first longitudinal axis. The locking assembly includes a member that is advanceable distally with respect to the body portion. The member engages the articulating tool assembly upon manipulation of the movable handle to move an anvil and a cartridge assembly in approximation with one another to help maintain the articulating tool assembly in its first position.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/544,479 filed Oct. 6, 2006, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herewith.
The present disclosure relates to a surgical instrument and disposable loading unit including a locking assembly. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a surgical instrument which includes a locking assembly for retaining a tool assembly of an articulating surgical instrument, e.g., a linear stapler, in a predetermined position.
Surgical instruments which include a tool assembly mounted on a distal end of a body portion of the surgical instrument for articulation are well known. Typically, such surgical instruments include articulation control mechanisms which allow an operator to remotely articulate the tool assembly in relation to the body portion of a surgical instrument to allow the operator to more easily access, operate on, and/or manipulate tissue.
Such articulating tool assemblies have become desirable, especially in the endoscopic surgical procedures. In an endoscopic surgical procedure, the distal end of a surgical instrument is inserted through small incisions in the body to access a surgical site. Typically, a appropriately sized cannula, e.g., 5 mm, 10 mm, etc., is inserted through the body incision to provide a guide channel for accessing the surgical site. Because it is desirable to provide small body incisions so that there is less scarring, reduced trauma to the patient, faster healing time, the tolerances between the surgical instrument and the inner diameter of the cannula are small.
When a surgical instrument having an articulating tool assembly is used during an endoscopic procedure, the articulating tool assembly is generally in its non-articulated position (i.e., a position in which the longitudinal axis of the tool assembly is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the body portion of the surgical instrument), during insertion of the tool assembly through a cannula or small body incision. Movement of the tool assembly to an articulated position, even slightly misaligned with the body portion of the surgical instrument, may interfere with and/or prevent insertion of the distal end of the surgical instrument through the cannula or small body incision.
During manipulation or handling of a surgical instrument having an articulating tool assembly, it is not uncommon for the tool assembly to be jarred or bumped such that the tool assembly inadvertently is moved from its non-articulated position to an articulated position. As discussed above, this is undesirable, especially where the surgical instrument is to be used in an endoscopic surgical procedure. In addition, the ability of the tool assembly to hold its position with respect to the handle portion will affect how well a surgeon can manipulate tissue using the tool assembly.
The present disclosure relates to a surgical instrument including a handle portion, a body portion, an articulating tool assembly and a locking assembly. The handle portion includes a movable handle. The body portion extends distally from the handle portion and defines a first longitudinal axis. The articulating tool assembly defines a second longitudinal axis, is disposed at a distal end of the body portion and is movable from a first position where the second longitudinal axis is substantially aligned with the first longitudinal axis to at least a second position where the second longitudinal axis is at an angle to the first longitudinal axis. The articulating tool assembly includes an anvil and a cartridge assembly which are movable into approximation with one another by manipulation of the movable handle. The locking assembly includes a member that is advanceable distally with respect to the body portion. The member engages the articulating tool assembly upon manipulation of the movable handle to move the anvil and cartridge assembly in approximation with one another to help maintain the articulating tool assembly in its first position.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, the locking assembly includes a pivot plate in mechanical cooperation with the articulating tool assembly and the member is a finger in mechanical cooperation with the body portion. It a disclosed embodiment, the pivot plate includes at least one slot (e.g., five slots) therein and is securable to a portion of the articulating tool assembly. Here, the finger extends distally from a portion of the body portion and is engagable with the at least one slot (e.g., a wedge-shaped slot). In such an embodiment, partial activation of the movable handle causes the finger to move towards the at least one slot.
In a disclosed embodiment, the locking assembly includes at least one biasing element (e.g., at least one spring) which biases the member distally towards the pivot plate. In an embodiment, the locking assembly includes a link in mechanical engagement with the pivot plate (e.g., pivotably engaged) and the member (e.g., slidable).
In a disclosed embodiment, the articulating tool assembly is part of a disposable loading unit. The present disclosure also relates to a disposable loading unit that includes the articulating tool assembly and the locking assembly, as described above.
FIG. 29 is an assembly view of the tool assembly of FIG. 28.
Embodiments of the presently disclosed surgical instrument and DLU will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views.
Referring to FIG. 1, surgical instrument 500 includes a handle portion 510, a body portion 512, and a disposable loading unit ("DLU") 16. Handle portion 510 includes a stationary handle 514 and a movable handle or trigger 516. Movable handle 516 is movable in relation to stationary handle 514 to advance a control rod 520 which projects from the distal end of body portion 512. Handle portion 510 and body portion 512 may be constructed in the manner disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,330,965 which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. Alternately, other surgical instruments can be used with DLU 16 to perform endoscopic surgical procedures.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 1A, briefly, DLU 16 includes a tool assembly 17, a proximal body portion 200 and a mounting assembly 202. Body portion 200 has a proximal end adapted to releasably engage the distal end of a surgical instrument 500 (FIG. 11) in the manner to be discussed in detail below. Mounting assembly 202 is pivotally secured to a distal end of body portion 200 and is fixedly secured to a proximal end of tool assembly 17. Pivotal movement of mounting assembly 202 about an axis perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of body portion 200 affects articulation of tool assembly 17 between a non-articulated position in which the longitudinal axis of tool assembly 17 is aligned with the longitudinal axis of body portion 200 and an articulated position in which the longitudinal axis of tool assembly 17 is disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of body portion 200.
Referring to FIGS. 2-4, tool assembly 17 includes a cartridge assembly 18 and an anvil assembly 20. Anvil assembly 20 includes an anvil portion 28 having a plurality of staple deforming concavities 30 (FIG. 4) and a cover plate 32 secured to a top surface of anvil portion 28. Cover plate 32 and anvil portion 28 define a cavity 34 (FIG. 4) therebetween which is dimensioned to receive a distal end of a drive assembly 212 (FIG. 3). Cover plate 32 encloses the distal end of drive assembly 212 to prevent pinching of tissue during actuation of DLU 16. A longitudinal slot 38 extends through anvil portion 28 to facilitate passage of a retention flange 40 of drive assembly 212. A camming surface 42 formed on anvil portion 28 is positioned to engage a pair of cam members 40 a supported on retention flange 40 of drive assembly 212 to effect approximation of the anvil and cartridge assemblies. A pair of pivot members 44 are formed. A pair of stabilizing members 50 engage a respective shoulder 52 formed on carrier 48 to prevent anvil portion 28 from sliding axially in relation to staple cartridge 54 as camming surface 42 is pivoted about pivot members 44.
Cartridge assembly 18 includes carrier 48 which defines an elongated support channel 56 which is dimensioned and configured to receive staple cartridge 54. Corresponding tabs 58 and slots 60 formed along staple cartridge 54 and elongated support channel 56, respectively, function to retain staple cartridge 54 at a fixed location within support channel 56. A pair of support struts 62 formed on staple cartridge 54 are positioned to rest on side walls of carrier 48 to further stabilize staple cartridge 54 within support channel 56. Carrier 48 has slots 46 for receiving pivot members 44 of anvil portion 28 and allowing anvil portion 28 to move between spaced and approximated positions.
Staple cartridge 54 includes retention slots 64 (FIG. 2) for receiving a plurality of staples or fasteners 66 and pushers 68. A plurality of laterally spaced apart longitudinal slots 70 extend through staple cartridge 54 to accommodate upstanding cam wedges 72 of an actuation sled 74 (FIG. 2). A central longitudinal slot 76 extends along substantially the length of staple cartridge 54 to facilitate passage of a knife blade 78 (FIG. 4). During operation of surgical stapler 10, drive assembly 212 abuts actuation sled 74 and pushes actuation sled 74 through longitudinal slots 70 of staple cartridge 54 to advance cam wedges 72 into sequential contact with pushers 68. Pushers 68 translate vertically along cam wedges 72 within fastener retention slots 64 and urge fasteners 66 from retention slots 64 into staple deforming cavities 30 (FIG. 4) of anvil assembly 20.
Referring to FIG. 3, mounting assembly 235 includes an upper mounting portion 236 and a lower mounting portion 238. A centrally located pivot member 284 extends from upper mounting portion 236 through a respective opening 246 a formed in a first coupling member 246. Lower mounting portion 238 includes a bore 239 for receiving pivot member 284 (see FIG. 3F). Pivot member 284 extends through bore 239 and opening 247 a of a second coupling member 247. Each of coupling members 246, 247 includes an interlocking proximal portion 246 b, 247 b configured to be received in grooves 290 formed in the distal end of an inner housing which is formed from upper and lower housing halves 250 and 252. Coupling members 246, 247 retain mounting assembly 235 and upper and lower housing halves 250 and 252 in a longitudinally fixed position in relation to each other while permitting pivotal movement of mounting assembly 235 in relation thereto.
Referring to FIGS. 3A-3C, each coupling member 246, 247 includes a cantilevered spring arm 246 c which has a distal end 246 d positioned to engage mounting assembly 235. More specifically, upper mounting portion 236 includes a top surface 236 a which includes a recess 236 b dimensioned to receive distal end 246 d of spring arm 246 c of a respective coupling member 246. Lower mounting portion 238 includes a bottom surface 238 a having a pair of raised surfaces 238 b which define a recess 238 c which is dimensioned to receive spring arm 247 c of a respective coupling member 247. Alternatively, at least one recess may be formed in the proximal end of tool assembly 17.
As illustrated in FIGS. 3D-3G, when distal end of spring arms 246 c, 247 c of coupling members 246, 247 are positioned in recesses 236 b and 238 c of upper and lower mounting portions 236 and 238, respectively, spring arms 246 c, 247 c retain mounting assembly 235 in a non-articulated position. Spring arms 246 c, 247 c will retain mounting assembly 235 in its non-articulated position until a predetermined force sufficient to deflect spring arms 246 c from recesses 236 b and 238 c is applied to effect articulation of mounting assembly 235 and tool assembly 17. When the predetermined force is applied to the mounting assembly 235 and tool assembly 17, spring arms 246 c, 247 c will spring or deflect outwardly from recesses 236 b and 238 c, as shown in FIGS. 3E and 3G, to permit pivotal movement of mounting assembly 235 (and, thus, tool assembly 17) in relation to the distal end of proximal body portion 200 of the DLU 16.
As discussed above, spring arms 246 c and recesses 236 b and 238 c maintain tool assembly 17 in its non-articulated position until a predetermined force has been applied to mounting assembly 235 to disengage spring arms 246 c, 247 c from recesses 236 b and 238 c of mounting assembly 235. It is envisioned that the spring arms/recesses could be incorporated into any articulating surgical device including staplers, graspers (See FIG. 3H), powered sealing devices, e.g., RF sealing devices, etc. Further, although two spring arms/recesses are shown, a single spring arm can be provided. Moreover, the articulating tool assembly need not form part of a DLU but rather can be supported directly on the distal end of a surgical instrument. For example, the mounting assembly can be removably or irremovably secured to the tool assembly and secured directly to the distal end of a surgical instrument.
Upper housing half 250 and lower housing half 252 are contained within an outer sleeve 251 of body portion 200 (FIG. 3). Body portion 200 includes a cutout 251 a dimensioned to receive a boss or projection 250 a formed on upper housing half 250. The positioning of projection 250 a within cutout 251 a prevents axial and rotational movement of upper and lower housing halves 250 and 252 within outer sleeve 251 of body portion 200. In one embodiment, boss 250 a has a substantially rectangular configuration having a greater axial dimension than lateral dimension. The greater axial dimension provides increased surface area for preventing rotation of upper and lower housing halves 250 and 252 within sleeve 251. A proximal portion 250 b of boss 250 a is ramped. Ramped proximal portion 250 b allows sleeve 251 to be slid over boss 250 a as upper and lower housing halves 250 and 252 are positioned within sleeve 251. It is envisioned that boss 250 a may assume other configurations, e.g., circular, square, triangular, etc., and still achieve its intended function. Further, boss 250 a can be repositioned anywhere along upper housing half 250 or, in the alternative, be positioned on lower housing half 252 or partly on each housing half 250 and 252.
The proximal end or insertion tip 193 of upper housing half 250 includes engagement nubs 254 for releasably engaging the distal end of a surgical instrument in a bayonet-type fashion (see FIGS. 1A and 7). Housing halves 250 and 252 define a channel 400 for slidably receiving axial drive assembly 212 therein. An articulation link 256 is dimensioned to be slidably positioned within a slot 402 formed between upper and lower housing halves 250 and 252. A pair of H-block assemblies 255 are positioned adjacent the distal end of housing portion 200 and adjacent the distal end of axial drive assembly 212 to prevent outward buckling and bulging of drive assembly 212 during articulation and firing of surgical stapling apparatus 10. Each H-block assembly 255 includes a flexible body 255 a which includes a proximal end fixedly secured to body portion 200 and a distal end fixedly secured to mounting assembly 235 (FIG. 3).
A retention member 288 is supported on engagement section 270 of axial drive assembly 212. Retention member 288 includes a pair of fingers 288 a which are releasably positioned within slots or recesses 252 a formed in lower housing half 252. In operation, when SULU 16 is attached to a surgical instrument and axial drive assembly 212 is actuated by applying a predetermined force to an actuation member 516 of the surgical instrument 500 (FIG. 11), axial drive assembly 212 is advanced distally to move drive assembly 212 and retention member 288 distally. As retention member 288 is advanced distally, fingers 288 a are forced from recesses 252 a to provide an audible and tactile indication that the surgical instrument has been actuated. Retention member 288 is designed to prevent inadvertent partial actuation of DLU 16, such as during shipping, by maintaining axial drive assembly 212 at a fixed position within DLU 16 until a predetermined axial force has been applied to axial drive assembly 212.
Axial drive assembly 212 includes an elongated drive beam 266 including a distal working head 268 and a proximal engagement section 270. In one embodiment, drive beam 266 is constructed from multiple stacked sheets of material. Engagement section 270 includes a pair of resilient engagement fingers 270 a and 270 b which mountingly engage a pair of corresponding retention slots formed in drive member 272. Drive member 272 includes a proximal porthole 274 configured to receive distal end of a control rod 520 (FIG. 11) of a surgical instrument when the proximal end of DLU 16 is engaged with the body portion 512 of a surgical instrument 500.
Referring also to FIGS. 5-10, DLU 16 further includes a locking mechanism including a locking member 300 and a locking member actuator 302. Locking member 300 (FIG. 6) is rotatably supported within a longitudinal or axial slot 310 (FIG. 7) formed in a proximal portion of upper housing half 250 of body portion 200 of DLU 16. Locking member 300 is movable from a first position (FIGS. 7 and 8), in which locking member 300 maintains drive assembly 212 in a preferred position, to a second position (FIGS. 9 and 10), in which drive assembly 212 is free to move axially.
As illustrated in FIG. 6, locking member 300 includes semi-cylindrical body 312 which is slidably positioned within transverse slot 310 formed in upper housing half 250 of body portion 200. Body 312 includes a radially inwardly extending cam member 314 and a radially inwardly extending finger 316. Finger 316 is dimensioned to be slidably received within a notch or slot 270 c (FIG. 3) formed in drive assembly 212. Engagement of finger 316 in notch 270 c of drive assembly 212 prevents drive assembly 212 from moving linearly within body portion 200 and, thus, prevents actuation of DLU 16.
Referring to FIGS. 3, 5 and 7, a locking member actuator 302 is slidably positioned within a axial slot 320 (FIG. 7) formed in upper housing half 250 of body portion 200 of DLU 16. Actuator 302 includes a proximal abutment member 322, a distal spring guide 324, and a central cam slot 326. Axial slot 320 intersects transverse slot 310 such that cam member 314 of locking member 300 is slidably positioned within cam slot 326 of locking member actuator 302. A biasing member or spring 328 (FIG. 7) is positioned about spring guide 324 between a distal surface 330 of actuator 302 and a wall 332 (FIG. 7) defining the distal end of axial slot 320. Spring 328 urges actuator 302 to its retracted position within axial slot 320. In its retracted position, abutment member 322 is positioned on and extends radially outwardly of the proximal end of DLU 16 adjacent insertion tip 193 of proximal body portion 200 and cam slot 326 is positioned to locate cam member 314 such that finger 316 of lock member 300 is positioned within notch 270 c of drive assembly 212.
FIGS. 11-15 illustrate DLU 16 and surgical instrument 500 prior to and during attachment of DLU 16 to surgical instrument 500. Prior to attachment of DLU 16 onto surgical instrument 500, spring 328 urges actuator 302 to its retracted position to move lock member 300 to its locked position as discussed above. When insertion tip 193 DLU 16 is linearly inserted into the open end 522 (FIG. 11) of the body portion 512 (FIG. 13) of a surgical instrument 500, nubs 254 move linearly through slots (not shown) formed in open end 522 of body portion 512. As nubs 254 pass through the slots, the proximal end 322 a of abutment member 322, which is angularly offset from nubs 254, abuts a wall 276 c defining the slots for receiving nubs 254. As DLU 16 is moved further into body portion 512, locking member actuator 302 is moved from its retracted position to its advanced position in the direction indicated by arrow "T" in FIG. 14. As actuator 302 is moved to its advanced position, lock member 300 is cammed in the direction indicated by arrow "U" in FIG. 14 from its locked position (FIG. 8) engaged with drive assembly 212 to its unlocked position (FIG. 10) to move finger 316 from notch 270 c. The locking mechanism including locking member 300 and locking member actuator 302 prevents accidental or inadvertent advancement or manipulation of the drive member of DLU 16 such as during loading of DLU 16 onto a surgical instrument 500.
When DLU 16 has been moved linearly in relation to instrument 500 to a position wherein a proximal surface 530 of body portion 200 abuts inner surface 276 c of body portion 512 (FIG. 15), DLU 16 can be rotated in relation to body portion 512 in a bayonet-type action to position nubs 254 within openings 536 of body portion 512 to lock DLU 16 onto body portion 512. It is envisioned that other coupling types besides bayonet couplings may be used to connect DLU 16 to instrument 500, e.g., spring detent or snap-fit couplings, friction fit couplings, interlocking members, threaded couplings etc.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in FIGS. 16-20, a locking assembly 600 is illustrated for use with surgical instrument 500 and disposable loading unit 16 (see FIG. 1, for example). In the illustrated embodiments, locking assembly 600 includes a housing 602, a pusher 604, a rod 606, a slide 608, at least one spring 610, a cam finger 612, a pivot plate 614 having slots 616 and a link 618. Locking assembly 600 generally helps tool assembly 17 (see FIG. 1, for example) maintain its position during firing of surgical instrument 500.
Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17, a portion of locking assembly 600 is at least partially contained within a housing 602. FIG. 16 illustrates locking assembly 600 disposed in relation to housing 602, while FIG. 17 illustrates locking assembly 600 isolated from housing 602. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 17, pusher 604 is shown with rod 606 extending distally therefrom. Slide 608 extends distally from rod 606 and is in a slidable relationship therewith, thus allowing slide 608 to move axially with respect to rod 606. Spring 610 or pair of springs (not explicitly shown in this embodiment) distally biases slide 608 from rod 606.
Now referring to FIGS. 18-20, cam finger 612 and pivot plate 614 are illustrated. Cam finger 612 extends distally from slide 608 and pivot plate 614 may be disposed on mounting assembly 235 (see FIG. 3), for example. It is envisioned that pivot plate 614 may be disposed on or incorporated with a portion of tool assembly 17. A plurality of slots 616 (five slots 616 are illustrated) is disposed on pivot plate 614 and are sized to accept at least a portion of cam finger 612 therein. Upon different amounts of articulation of tool assembly 17 (including no substantial articulation) with respect to body portion 512 (see FIG. 1, for example), cam finger 612 is approximately aligned with an individual slot 616 of pivot plate 614. FIGS. 18 and 19 illustrate cam finger 612 substantially aligned with a center slot 616 a (hidden from view in FIG. 19) and FIG. 20 illustrates cam finger 612 substantially aligned with a side slot 616 b.
Link 618, illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 19, is in mechanical engagement with pivot plate 614 and cam finger 612. (In FIG. 18, the link has been removed.) Link 618 is illustrated having an opening 620 and a slot 622 (FIG. 19). Opening 620 is in a pivotal relationship with a boss 624 on pivot plate 614 and slot 622 is slidably engaged with cam finger 612. This relationship allows for articulation of pivot plate 614 with respect to body portion 512 and for longitudinal translation of slide 608 with respect to pivot plate 614.
In operation, upon at least a partial actuation of movable handle 516 (see FIG. 1, for example), pusher 604 is forced distally, e.g., via control rod 520 (see FIG. 11, for example), thus causing distal translation of cam finger 612 at least partially into a slot 616 of pivot plate 614. It is envisioned that actuating movable handle 516 to approximate cartridge assembly 18 and an anvil assembly 20 (see FIG. 1A, for example) also functions to translate cam finger 612 distally. In such an embodiment, when articulating tool assembly 17 is in place and clamped on tissue, further articulation cannot be accomplished (without releasing movable handle 516, for example). Thus, locking assembly 600 helps maintain articulating tool assembly 17 in position with respect to body portion 512, prior to emplacing staples into tissue, for example.
As discussed above, spring 610 distally biases slide 608 from rod 606. This biasing provided by spring 610 helps ensure cam finger 612 is not accidentally or prematurely dislodged from slot 616 of pivot plate 614, which may result in a significant amount of "play" therebetween. Additionally, the distal bias provided by spring 610 helps eliminate manufacturing tolerances and/or clearances that are present between slide 608 and pivot plate 614. It is also envisioned that at least a portion of cam finger 612 and/or slot 616 may be wedge-shaped to help reduce any unintended movement therebetween. In such an embodiment, a distal portion of cam finger 612 and slot 616 would be narrower than a corresponding proximal portion.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in FIGS. 21 and 22, a locking assembly 700 is illustrated for use with surgical instrument 500 and disposable loading unit 16 (see FIG. 1, for example). In the illustrated embodiment, locking assembly 700 includes an adapter 702, a pusher 704, a pivot 706, a biasing element (e.g., a pair of springs 708) and a link 710. Locking assembly 700 generally helps maintain tool assembly 17 in a predetermined position.
With reference to FIG. 21, adapter 702 of locking assembly 700 is generally housed within body portion 512 (see FIG. 1, for example) of surgical instrument 500 or within disposable loading unit 16. In the illustrated embodiment, pusher 704 is located distally of a pair of springs 708. Pusher 704 is distally biased via the pair of springs 708 towards pivot 706 of articulating tool assembly 17. A distal portion of pusher 704 includes a pusher mating surface 712 (FIG. 22) which is shaped and dimensioned to mate with a pivot mating surface 714 (FIG. 22) disposed adjacent a proximal portion of pivot 706. Link 710 is illustrated in mechanical cooperation with a portion of pusher 704 and pivotably connected to a portion of pivot 706, thus allowing articulating tool assembly 17 to move between its first position and its second position with respect to body portion 512. More specifically, link 710 includes an opening 711 that fits over a protrusion 707 of pivot 706, thus allowing pivotal movement therebetween. Further, link 710 is slidably engaged with a portion of adapter 702, thus allowing longitudinal movement therebetween.
Now referring to FIG. 22, pusher mating surface 712 is substantially flat along a majority of its length in this embodiment. Correspondingly, pivot mating surface 714 is also flat along a majority of its length in the illustrated embodiment. Thus, the distal bias of pusher 704 towards pivot 706 (in the direction of arrow A) via the pair of springs 708, helps maintain articulating tool assembly 17 in its first, non-articulated, position, as the biasing force helps articulating tool assembly 17 resist pivoting. While two springs 708 are illustrated, more or fewer springs 708 may be provided.
To pivot articulating tool 17 from its first, non-articulated position, the distal biasing force from pair of springs 708 must be overcome. Such a pivoting action, moves pusher 704 proximally (in the direction of arrow B) against the bias of pair of springs 708. It is also envisioned that pusher mating surface 714 includes detents (not explicitly shown in this embodiment) to help stabilize articulating jaw member 17 in selected articulated positions.
With continued reference to FIG. 22, pivot 706 includes a shelf 716 thereon. As shown in FIG. 22, shelf 716 overlaps at least a portion of pusher 704 when pusher mating surface 712 is in contact with pivot mating surface 714. Shelf 716 is situated and configured to help prevent tissue from being pinched between pusher 704 and pivot 706 when articulating tool assembly 17 is rotated and/or articulated.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in FIGS. 23-25, a multi-layered drive beam 750 having a plurality of layers 750 a-750 e is illustrated and may be included in a disposable loading unit 16 (see FIG. 1, for example). A closure apparatus 760, such as an I-beam, is also illustrated. Closure apparatus 760 includes a horizontal portion 762 that is advanceable into camming surface 42 (or other contact surface) to approximate tool assembly tool assembly 17, as described in detail above with reference to FIG. 2.
With reference to FIG. 24, multi-layered drive beam 750 having five layers 750 a-750 e is illustrated. It is envisioned and within the scope of the present disclosure that fewer or more layers may be used to form multi-layered drive beam 750. It is also envisioned that multi-layered drive beam 750 may replace drive beam 266 in other embodiments of this disclosure. Use of multi-layered drive beam 750 may provide increased strength and flexibility during use, specifically, for instance, while tool assembly 17 is in an articulated position.
A plurality of cutouts 770 is illustrated in FIGS. 23-25 which extend through each layer of multi-layered drive beam 750. Although the figures show between five and ten cutouts per layer of multi-layered drive beam 750, the exact number of cutouts 770 may be fewer than five, between five and ten, or greater than ten. Additionally, cutouts 770 of adjacent layers of drive beam 750 may or not align with each other. The use of cutouts 770 reduces cross-sectional dimensions of drive beam 750 and allows for bending force adjustment. While rectangular cutouts 770 are illustrated, the use of cutouts 770 having other regular or non-regular shapes is also contemplated.
The attachment of each layer 750 a-750 e of multi-layered drive beam 750 and the attachment to closure apparatus 760 are illustrated in FIG. 25. In the illustrated embodiment, an outer layer (750 a or 750 e of FIG. 24) is affixed to closure apparatus 760 in two locations (each location being indicated by numeral 780 in FIG. 25), via a pair of spot welds, for example. It is also envisioned that each outer layer 750 a, 750 e includes an aperture 776 that fits over a boss 778 protruding from closure apparatus 760. Each outer layer 750 a, 750 e is also affixed to an adjacent layer (e.g., 750 b or 750 d) in two locations (each location being indicated by numeral 781 in FIG. 25), possibly via a pair of spot welds. Further, each inner layer (e.g., 750 b, 750 c and 750 d) is attached to an adjacent inner layer (for instance, 750 b is attached to 750 c; 750 c is attached to 750 b and 750 d; and 750 d is attached to 750 c) in two locations, via spot welds, for example. While spot welding is disclosed as an attachment method, other methods for attaching each layer to each other and the outer layers to the closure apparatus are envisioned and within the scope of the present disclosure. The illustrated embodiments show attachments points 780 of inner layers adjacent closure apparatus 760, but it is envisioned and within the scope of the present disclosure that attachment points 780 are disposed in other locations on drive beam 750. Additionally, it is envisioned that at least one layer of drive beam 750 is made of a metal, such as stainless steel. Portions of drive beam 750 and/or closure apparatus 760 may also be made of or at least partially coated with a plastic material, as described below. Further, closure apparatus 790 may include a cutting surface 766 (FIG. 23) thereon for cutting tissue.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in FIGS. 26 and 27, a closure apparatus 800 and a portion of drive beam 802 are shown. Closure apparatus and/or a contact surface (e.g., camming surface 42) of tool assembly 17 (see FIG. 2, for example) may include a plastic surface or plastic coating. In this embodiment, closure apparatus 800 is illustrated having a pair of caps 804 at least partially covering horizontal portions 806 of closure apparatus 800. Caps 804 may be made of plastic in this embodiment. Such plastic surfaces disposed on closure apparatus 800 and/or contact surface of tool assembly 17 generally reduce the amount of friction therebetween vis-à-vis two metal surfaces. That is, a plastic to metal or a plastic to plastic interaction may create less friction than interaction between a pair of metal surfaces. This reduced amount of friction may correspond to a reduced firing force.
It is envisioned that a portion of closure apparatus 800, such as pair of caps 804, is made of plastic, overmolded with plastic or includes a plastic coating. Additionally, a contact surface of tool assembly 17, or at least a portion thereof, may also be made of plastic, be overmolded with plastic or include a plastic coating.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, closure apparatus 800 may include an I-shaped cross section, as illustrated in FIGS. 26 and 27. Additionally, closure apparatus 800 and drive beam 802 may be part of a disposable loading unit 16 and/or part of a surgical instrument 500 that is able to articulate. Further, drive beam 802 may include a single layer or a plurality of layers (as shown in FIG. 26) and at least a portion of drive beam 802 may be made of plastic. Still further, closure apparatus 800 may include a cutting surface 808 (FIG. 27) thereon for cutting tissue.
With continued reference to FIGS. 26 and 27, plastic cap 804 may include a reinforced section 810 which may increase the strength of closure apparatus 800 or may provide a stronger connection between cap 804 and horizontal portion 806 of closure apparatus 800. It is also envisioned that cap 804 may be removably attached to closure apparatus 800. In such an embodiment, cap 804 may be removed and replaced if any substantial wearing or damage occurs.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in FIGS. 28 and 29, a tool assembly 850 is illustrated. Tool assembly 850 of this embodiment includes a channel 852, a first attachment member 860, a second attachment member 870, an anvil assembly 880, a first attachment rod 890 and a second attachment rod 892. First and second attachment rods 890, 892 provide a strong connection facilitating the elements of tool assembly 850 to remain together.
Channel 852 includes an opening 854 (two openings are illustrated) adjacent its proximal end and first attachment member 860 includes a boss 862 (two bosses are illustrated) extending therefrom. Channel 852 is connectable to first attachment member by placing opening(s) 854 over boss(es) 862, thus providing a pivotal connection therebetween. Although not explicitly illustrated in the present embodiment, channel 852 may house a plurality of surgical fasteners or a staple cartridge.
Anvil assembly 880 includes an anvil cover 882 and an anvil 886. Anvil 886 is configured for mechanical engagement with anvil cover 882, e.g., via a snap-fit connection. An aperture 884 extends at least partially through a portion of anvil cover 882. Aperture 884 is configured to fit over a protrusion 872 disposed on second attachment member 870, thereby providing a connection between anvil assembly 880 and second attachment member 870. Additionally, anvil cover 882 includes at least one opening 888 extending at least partially therethrough in an embodiment of the disclosure. Opening 888 is configured to fit over boss 862 of first attachment member 860. In such an embodiment, anvil assembly 880 may be pivoted with respect to first attachment member 860 and second attachment member 870.
First attachment member 860 includes a first opening 864 and a second opening 866 extending therethrough. Second attachment member 870 also includes a first opening 874 and a second opening 876 extending therethrough (FIG. 29). Further, first attachment member 860 and second attachment member 870 are in mechanical engagement, such that first openings 864, 874 substantially align and second openings 866, 876 substantially align.
To secure first attachment member 860 with second attachment member 870 (and thus channel 852 and anvil assembly 880), first attachment rod 890, or a portion thereof, is inserted through first openings 864 and 874. To further secure the elements of tool assembly 850, second attachment rod 892, or a portion thereof, is inserted through second openings 866 and 876. It is envisioned that first attachment rod 890 and/or second attachment rod 892 are rivets, such as two-part rivets that are tightenable.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, tool assembly 850 is part of a disposable loading unit, which may be able to articulate. Articulation of tool assembly 850 may be facilitated by pivotably attaching tool assembly 850 to a body portion of a surgical instrument via protrusion 874 extending from second attachment member 870 and a link (such as link 710 in FIG. 21). Additionally, a method of assembling tool assembly 850, as described above, is contemplated by the present disclosure.
It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein. For example, the above-described lock assembly may be incorporated into a variety of surgical instruments which include DLUs and is not limited to use on linear staplers. Further, the DLU may be configured to receive an insertion tip of surgical instrument in contrast to that disclosed. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of various embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.
a locking assembly including a member advanceable distally with respect to the body portion, whereby at least a partial actuation of the movable handle towards the stationary handle causes the control rod to distally translate into a proximal end of the locking assembly which causes the member to advance distally into engagement with the articulating tool assembly, the articulating tool assembly having a pivot plate including five slots, the member engaging the pivot plate in one of the five slots, and whereby at least a partial actuation of the movable handle towards the stationary handle also causes at least one of the anvil and cartridge to move towards the approximated position.
2. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the member is a finger in mechanical cooperation with the body portion.
3. The surgical instrument of claim 2, wherein the finger extends distally from a portion of the body portion and is engagable with at least one of the slots.
4. The surgical instrument of claim 3, wherein at least a partial actuation of the movable handle causes the finger to move towards at least one of the slots.
5. The surgical instrument of claim 2, wherein the locking assembly further includes at least one biasing element which biases the member distally towards the pivot plate.
6. The surgical instrument of claim 3, wherein the member is at least partially wedge-shaped.
7. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the locking assembly further includes a link, the link being in mechanical engagement with the pivot plate and the member.
8. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the articulating tool assembly is part of a disposable loading unit.
9. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the proximal end of the locking assembly includes a rod, the member being distally biased with respect to the rod.
10. The surgical instrument of claim 9, wherein the locking assembly further includes at least one biasing element which biases the member distally towards the articulating tool assembly, wherein the member is disposed adjacent a distal portion of a slide, and wherein the biasing element is disposed adjacent a distal portion of the rod and adjacent a proximal portion of the slide.
11. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the first plane is perpendicular to the second plane.
whereby actuation of a movable handle associated with the surgical instrument towards a stationary handle associated with the surgical instrument causes distal translation of a control rod associated with the surgical instrument into a proximal end of the locking assembly which causes the finger to advance distally at least partially into engagement with the at least one slot and whereby actuation of the movable handle towards the stationary handle also causes the first and second jaw members to move in approximation with one another.
13. The disposable loading unit of claim 12, wherein the pivot plate includes five slots.
14. The disposable loading unit of claim 12, wherein the locking assembly further includes at least one biasing element which biases the finger distally towards the pivot plate.
15. The disposable loading unit of claim 12, wherein a majority of the locking assembly is laterally off-center with respect to the first longitudinal axis.
16. The disposable loading unit of claim 12, wherein the finger is at least partially wedge-shaped.
17. The disposable loading unit of claim 12, wherein the locking assembly further includes a link, the link being disposed in mechanical engagement with the pivot plate and the finger.
18. The disposable loading unit of claim 17, wherein the link is in pivotable engagement with the pivot plate and is slidable with respect to the finger.
19. The disposable loading unit of claim 12, wherein the proximal end of the locking assembly includes a rod, the finger being distally biased with respect to the rod.
20. The disposable loading unit of claim 19, wherein the locking assembly further includes at least one biasing element which biases the finger distally towards the articulating tool assembly, wherein the finger is disposed adjacent a distal portion of a slide, and wherein the biasing element is disposed adjacent a distal portion of the rod and adjacent a proximal portion of the slide.
21. The disposable loading unit according to claim 12, wherein the first pivot axis is perpendicular to the second pivot axis.


text:
White supremacist leaders thank Donald Trump for dragging their racism into the mainstream
Donald Trump hasn't just been popular with the Republican party as a presidential candidate. He's also served as a recruiting tool for white supremacists, Politico reports.
White nationalist leaders are capitalizing on sentiments drummed up by Trump to grow their movement. Stormfront, a popular white supremacist website, reports a traffic spike related to Trump's candidacy and David Duke says Trump has allowed racist groups to openly talk about topics that up till now were considered taboo.
"Demoralization has been the biggest enemy and Trump is changing all that," Stormfront founder Don Black told Politico. "He's certainly creating a movement that will continue independently of him even if he does fold at some point."
Black told Politico that Stormfront has been getting millions of new visitors and that Trump is driving growing web traffic. Stormfront gets 30-40 percent spikes when Trump makes news on immigration or Muslims. The Trump-related traffic surge to the white supremacist site is prompting Black to upgrade his servers to handle it.
According to Politico, Trump has discouraged the most obvious forms of racism by firing staffers for racist social media posts or barring a Confederate flag-carrying supporter from a Virginia rally. But Trump's comments about Muslims and Latinos have blown the lid off a simmering under-layer of hatred that has been too ugly for mainstream politicians. Until now.
"He's made it ok to talk about these incredible concerns of European Americans today, because I think European Americans know they are the only group that can't defend their own essential interests and their point of view," Duke told Politico. "He's meant a lot for the human rights of European Americans."
On Monday, Trump vowed to ban all Muslims from entering the United States — a move that was condemned by conservatives from Dick Cheney to Paul Ryan to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. But their criticism may be too little, too late.
As the New York Times pointed out in a Thursday editorial, Trump's tone is not new. He has, in fact, been pushing the Republican party to further extremes and has been leading the party primary field for months.
"The Republican rivals rushing to distance themselves from his latest inflammatory proposal — a faith-based wall around the country — have been peddling their own nativist policies for months or years. They have been harshening their campaign speeches and immigration proposals in response to the Trump effect," the Times editorial board points out. "And party officials around the country, attuned to the power of fear, have developed homegrown versions of the Trump approach. In 31 states, governors — most but not all Republicans — have formed an axis of ignorance, declaring their borders closed to refugees fleeing the Islamic State in Syria."
Trump's rhetoric empowers sinister elements, Mark Potok of the Southern Poverty Law Center told Politico.
"When well-known public figures make these kind of statements in the public square, they are taken as a permission-giving by criminal elements who go out and act on their words," he said.
This was seen after Trump launched his campaign by calling Mexican people drug runners and rapists. Two Boston men beat and urinated on a Latino homeless man and said they did it because they wanted to "make America great again," using Trump's campaign line. Trump didn't condemn this criminal act, and instead said his supporters are "passionate."
The violence in response to the heightened anti-Muslim rhetoric seems to have already begun.
A Muslim family in Plano, Texas, reports that rocks have been thrown into their windows twice this week. The Council on American Islamic Relations, said there has been a spike in reported hate crimes. A Muslim store owner in Queens was beaten by a man who said he was on a mission to "kill Muslims."
The New York Times hammered Trump and warned that the "darkness" that fell over the United States during World War II when Japanese Americans were interned could be returning.
"The racism behind the agenda of the right wing on immigrants and foreigners has long been plain as day," the editorial concluded. "Mr. Trump makes it even plainer. After his remarks on Muslims, how many of Mr. Trump's rivals have said they would reject his candidacy if he won the nomination? As of Wednesday, none."
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text:
Qld woman denies murder of siblings, fire
5:27pm Mar 2, 2020
A woman charged with murdering a brother and sister admitted she took part in a home invasion that "went too far", a Brisbane court has heard.
Danielle Lee Fels allegedly made admissions to friends about her part in a "run in", or robbery, targeting drugs and money.
The badly charred bodies of Ian Bailey, 31, and his 29-year-old sister April Bailey were found inside their burnt-out house at Deception Bay, north of Brisbane, in 2004.
The court heard autopsies could not determine the cause of death, but there was evidence they were dead before being burned.
Fels pleaded not guilty in the Brisbane Supreme Court on Monday to murdering the siblings and setting their house alight.
But crown prosecutor Danny Boyle says Fels told a friend she stopped Ms Bailey from escaping when she saw her brother being killed.
Fels also admitted being "made to set alight" the house after taking part in a home invasion that "went too far", Mr Boyle told the court.
He said the prosecution would argue the house was set on fire to destroy evidence that could implicate those involved in the sibling's murder.
However, defence barrister Catherine Morgan says there is evidence that other people could have been responsible for the alleged offences.
She asked the jury to consider the motivation of those who incriminate Fels during the trial.
Firefighters discovered the bodies when they responded to the house fire about 2pm on May 28.
Ms Bailey's body was found in the dining area with a hunting knife nearby.
Mr Bailey's was found in the living room alongside a hook knife.
A five-year-old girl was found unharmed in a shed next to the burnt-out house.
Fels was charged about 12 years after the deaths.
The trial is expected to last about five weeks.


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Your website should be eye catching with colour and things to draw the eyes, but be cautious not to overload the reader – to many graphics bouncing about the page or too vibrant a colours everywhere will in essence make your website look "busy" and hard to read. A good use of the correct fonts and a balance between images and text is a good place to start, and an easy responsive design that flows from section to section. Over complicating your design can lead to disaster – even if you are not heading for a minimalist design – still keep things simple and effective, but equally make it too simple and it will not look professional!
Consistency is queen and content is king – consistency throughout your site in both content and design will give an professional look and read. Striking a balance between offering enough information and too much is the key – you do not want to leave potential customers needing more but overloading them with too much will probably overload them. Regular updates and checking that your website is up to date and functioning how it should be are imperative for both a keeping it fresh approach and an SEO approach.


Below are images for some of our other services. Click an image to begin the slideshow, and it will automatically advance. You can also navigate through the image gallery with the arrows on the bottom left side of the slides.


Upon accepting a volunteer position at the Alston Wilkes Society, you will receive a copy of the Volunteer Handbook.
sign and submit the Handbook & Orientation Letter of Receipt. Additional training specific to your position will follow.
Community Relations Councils in various locations throughout South Carolina.
• If the Alston Wilkes Society determines the need for a fundraiser to continue or expand our services, be a volunteer willing to serve in any way that you are able.
Please consider joining us for our next meeting to learn more about making a difference in someone's life!
being a former offender or any other characteristic protected by law. AWS is an EEO/AA employer.


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On all pompons there is a big press button to make them easy to put on and remove.
If you order 10 assorted (max. 2 similar and 50% natural colours), then you will get 1 extra for free. That is 11 pompons for the price of 10.


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text:
Lucy gets lift from Liebherr LTM 1080
Lucy the elephant was thankful for the assistance given to her by Dawes crane operator Dave Gierach
Picking up a 9,000 pound pachyderm can be a problematic process. Such was the case last month when Lucy, a 45-year-old elephant, stumbled and fell in her yard at the Milwaukee County Zoo in Wisconsin. Unable to lift herself up, Lucy's situation soon became an emergency.
But the zoo's staff had a protocol in place, quickly calling Dawes Rigging and Crane Rental to come out and help Lucy get back on her feet. Using a 90 ton capacity Liebherr LTM 1080 rigged with a sling furnished by the zoo, Dawes crane operator Dave Gierach saved Lucy's life, gently lifting the pachyderm to her feet in a matter of minutes. A very soft styled sling was placed under the elephant's limbs and she was gently lifted upwards and forward. Gierach was able to lift Lucy forward just enough so that some of her weight was lessened by the crane, allowing her to stand up on her rear legs alone. Lucy even appeared to know what to do, because just as she got to her feet, Gierach slacked the sling a bit, allowing the elephant to pull her leg out of it and walk free.
The zoo's spokesperson said that it took Lucy a few days to recover from her trauma, and within a week zoo physicians had given her a clean bill of health.


text:
↑Jane Addams
Hull-House
Chicago.↓
The refusal of the Allied Governments to take part in the negotiations at Brest-Litovsk suggests that they are literally blind to the Russia conception of life which in that shell-wrecked town is striving single-handed to remodel and enlarge the relations between nations. If we may assume that the Bolsheviki government, in arranging an armistice, merely recognized the fact that the Russian soldiers had ceased to fight, which Kerensky's group, or any other remaining in power, would at length have been obliged to recognize; that no governmental group could have been eventually upheld by the Russian people [page 2] unless it had declared for peace and for free land, we may conclude that however much in a minority and however doctrinaire the Bolsheviki may be, in these two demands at least they voice the desires of the Russian people and that their appeal for the diplomatic and moral support of the allies in their attempt to have ↑secure↓ the first of these, is fairly representative of national sentiment.
In an attempt to understand the attitude of the Allies, to this very human situation, the question suggests itself, have the slogans -- this is a war to end war and a war to safeguard the world for democracy -- become so necessary to united military action that the Allies shrink from this naive attempt to accomplish their own aims ↑or↓ that they are so obsessed by the dogmatic morality of war, so lost in a grey limbo of abstraction, where ↑that↓ all humanly tangible distinctions between normal and abnormal ↑have↓ disappeared.
The necessity for holding fast to slogans, to an abstraction, as it were, suggests one of those great historic myths which large bodies of men are prone to make for themselves when "they unite in a common purpose requiring for its consummation the thorough and efficient output of moral energy." Mankind is so fertile in virtue and heroism, so prone to transcend his own powers, that the making and unmaking of these myths always accompanies a period of great moral awakening. Such myths are almost certain to outlast their social utility, and they frequently outlive their originators; as the myth of The Second Coming -- evolved by the Early Christians when only Heaven could contain their hopes -- held for a thousand years.
Has this myth of ours, that Democracy is to be secured [page 3] through war, so obsessed the Allies that they are constrained to insist that the troops fight it out on the eastern front as elsewhere, in spite of the fact that fraternal intercourse is the very matrix of Democracy? Has war so militarized and clericalized the leading nations of the earth that it is difficult for them to believe that the Russian soldiers, having experienced that purification of the imagination and of the intellect which the Greeks believed to come through pity and terror, have merely been the first to resolve the myth into its component parts, to envisage it freshly and to reduce it to its human terms?
Vernon Lee contends that it is the essential characteristic of an historic myth that so long as it does not attempt to produce its own realization, it begets unhesitating belief and wholesale action and that as men go on expecting it with sufficient self-denying fervor, they secure a great output of sanctity and heroism.
The necessity for continuing this output, of unifying diverse nations, may account for the touch of fear one detects on the part of the most ardent advocates of war, when they are asked not to ignore the fact that at least on one front, war is actually ending under conditions of disarmament and free trade, and that democracy can be established throughout one sixth of the earth's surface, only if the Russian people have a chance to give their undivided attention to their internal affairs.
Would the Allies rather accept a simulacrum of [page 4] democratic government in Russia than to jar the abstraction which has become so dear to them? Do they realize instinctively that it is unwise to cripple the usefulness of a slogan by partial achievement? Certainly the myth of the Second Coming barely survived the fixing of the date of its consummation and after the year one thousand, it ceased to be a vital force in the world, but on the other hand we are accustomed to think of the western nations as ready to recognize life's inevitable compromise, and of the Russians as more severely logical than life itself warrants.
It is perhaps to be expected that Russia should be the first nation to apply the touchstone of reality to this warring world so absorbed in abstraction. If Tolstoy may be considered in any sense the prototype of his countrymen, it may be permitted to cite his inveterate dislike of abstractions, whether stated in philosophic, patriotic, or religious terms; his firm believe that such abstractions lay the foundations for blind fanaticism; his oft-repeated statement that certain forms of patriotism are inimical to a life of reason. He contended that Russia should stand free from all warfare because she must accomplish the Great Revolution. This revolution which would set men free from brutal oppression must before all repair "the great crime", which, in Tolstoy's mind was always the monopolization of the land by a few thousand men with resulting enslavement of millions of others. The revolution must begin in Russia because no people are so conscious [page 5] of this iniquity as the Russian people. Their present absorption in the revolution may have caused the Russians to regard this world war as a mere interruption to the fulfillment of their supreme obligation as their inveterate land hunger has driven them back to their main business of tilling the soil. In the Russian peasant's dread of war there has always been a passive resistance to the reduction of the food supply, because he well knows that when a man is fighting he is not producing food and that he and his family with all the rest of the world will at length be in danger of starvation. Next to the masses of India and China, the Russian peasant feels the pinch of poverty and hunger more keenly and frequently than any other people on earth. Russia is the land of modern famines -- they occurred in 1891, 1906, and in 1911. The latter, still vivid in the memory of living men, affected thirty million people, and reduced eight million people to actual starvation. The Russian peasant has seen three and a half years of the Great War, during which time according to his own accounting seven million of his people have perished and the Russian soldiers never adequately equipped with ammunition, food, and clothing, have been reduced to the last extremity. To go back to his village, to claim his share of food, to till the ground as quickly as possible, is to follow his imperative and unerring instinct. In his village, if anywhere, he will find bread. Prince Kropotkin in his "Conquest of Bread" -- written twelve years [page 6] ago -- predicted that so soon as The Revolution came, ↑(so of course all the earlier Revolutionists believe that it would come in many nations of Europe at the same time)↓ the Russian peasant would keep enough bread for himself and children, but that the towns and cities would experience such a dearth of grain that "the farmers in America could hardly be able to cover it." But he adds "There will be an increase of production as soon as the peasant realizes that he is no longer forced to support the idle rich by his toil. New tracts of land will be cleared and improved machines set agoing...Never was the land so energetically cultivated as by the French peasants in 1792."
If it is the supreme function of genius to interpret his fellowmen, it is possible that Tolstoy may be able to throw light on the insistence of the Russian soldier to convert the individual enemy rather than to fight the German army, to break through the myth that Democracy can be established through the agency of large masses of men fighting other large masses. Tolstoy said in many forms that when we confound principles with people, it shows that we understand neither religion nor our fellow-men. "Many men not otherwise stupid, when they see that a thing is wrong, can not stop to discriminate between people and principle, or to understand that it is by enlightening the people rather than by hating them that progress can be made; that to enlighten people much sympathy and kindly consideration of the reasons for their errors is required." To ticket bodies of men by a collective name, and to regard the men as we believe the principles deserve to be regarded, is an egregious blunder [page 7] similar to that made by the dull school boy who confuses ["]his apples and pears with dollars and cents." It is characteristic of the Russian that he should fearlessly put his moral sentiment to the test of action, that if he really believes the Germans ought to inaugurate a revolution for themselves similar to this one that he should put it "up to" such individual Germans as he could reach. In all of the Russian's religious devotion there is an argumentative skepticism, a desire to know for himself, and to convince others, that we do not ordinarily associate with the pious mind taking its instructions meekly and without question. In point of fact, it makes the Russian only more secure in his conviction. His belief seems to him absolutely reasonable, as well as pious, and he is calmly willing to put his dogma to the test.
As [dispatch] of January 7th reporting an interview with [Mr.] Radek, one of the Russian delegates to Brest-Litovsk, reads as follows: "Our strength lies in our weakness, and if we accepted help from the Allies, the significance of our position would be destroyed. The weaker we are, the stronger we are. The Germans can drive us back, but what good would it do them? We stand for a democratic peace. So do the German working classes. If the German Government attacks us, it will display itself to its own people in its true light." The Allies might well be grateful that the Russians are challenging our over-wrought nationalistic feeling if only because "the press [page 8] of all the belligerent countries has succeeded in exciting to an unknown degree the most horrible of all powers -- national hatred and idiotic race animosity, a hatred which is not founded upon the individual's faults and crimes, but upon his race and birthplace." The Russian Revolution, in spite of the rampant nationalism filling the world at this moment, is faithfully reflecting that desire for moral unity which is the great achievement of the last century. It may be quite possible that the war will be settled upon the lines of the recognition of nationalities just when the nationalistic fervor has worn itself out, quite as the last of the great religious wars was settled on doctrinal lines at the very moment that men ceased to care supremely about doctrines, although they still used difference in doctrines for war cries and were ready to fight for those differences.
[Bertrand] Russell has pointed out the great possibility for the nation which should painstakingly prepare its young men to use their intellectual and spiritual ardors in such international crises as have hitherto been met by military force. Has it remained for the Russians to put into practice the high doctrine so ably stated in the allied countries of France and England? Have they applied the touchstone of reality to an abstraction which is holding in its grip the leading minds of the world? [page 10]
↑Russia - Touchstone↓
Lee, Vernon (1856-1935)
ArticlesDemocracyFood ShortagesMilitaryRussiaSocialismWorld War I
Addams, Jane, "Russia -- A Touchstone, August 1918," Jane Addams Digital Edition, accessed January 21, 2022, https://digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu/items/show/10506.


text:
El arzobispo de Canterbury o de Cantórbery (en inglés, archbishop of Canterbury; en latín, Archiepiscopus Cantuariensis) es el primado de la Iglesia de Inglaterra y líder espiritual de la Comunión anglicana; se le considera primus inter pares y de este modo su posición jerárquica es meramente simbólica y nominal.

El actual arzobispo es Justin Welby, quien fue entronizado en la catedral de Cantórbery el 21 de marzo de 2013. Welby habría sido —de continuar la Iglesia de Inglaterra en comunión con la Iglesia de Roma— el centésimo quinto en una línea que se remonta más de 1400 años a Agustín de Cantórbery, el «Apostle to the English», enviado desde Roma en el año 597. Welby sucedió a Rowan Williams.

Desde la época de Agustín hasta el , los arzobispos de Cantórbery estaban en plena comunión con la Sede de Roma y generalmente recibían el palio del papa. Durante la Reforma anglicana, la Iglesia de Inglaterra se separó de la autoridad del papa. Thomas Cranmer se convirtió, después de la Reforma anglicana en 1533, en el primer titular de este oficio; mientras que Reginald Pole fue el último católico en la posición, sirviendo desde 1556 a 1558 durante la Contrarreforma. En la Edad Media hubo una variación considerable en los métodos de nominación del arzobispo de Cantórbery y otros obispos. En varias ocasiones, la elección fue hecha por los cánones de la catedral de Cantórbery, el papa o el rey de Inglaterra. Desde la Reforma anglicana, la Iglesia de Inglaterra ha sido más explícitamente una iglesia estatal y la elección es legalmente la de la Corona británica; hoy está hecho por el monarca británico reinante con el consejo del primer ministro británico, quien a su vez recibe una lista de dos nombres de un comité ad hoc llamado Comisión de Nominaciones de la Corona.

 Se trata del obispo diocesano de la Diócesis de Canterbury, el condado de Kent y el extremo noreste de Surrey. Fundado en 597, es  de la Iglesia de Inglaterra y de todo el Reino Unido.
 Es el metropolitano de la provincia de Cantórbery, que ocupa los dos tercios meridionales de Inglaterra.
 Como primado de toda Inglaterra, es la primera personalidad religiosa de la Iglesia de Inglaterra. Ocupa un papel importante en las ceremonias religiosas, como las coronaciones. Sin embargo, el monarca inglés es oficialmente gobernador supremo de la Iglesia de Inglaterra.
 Como jefe espiritual de la Comunión anglicana, es reconocido como primus inter pares ('primero entre iguales') de todos los primados del anglicanismo. Esto no es equivalente a lo que en la Iglesia católica es el papa. El arzobispo de Cantórbery no tiene potestad de régimen en las otras treinta y siete provincias de la Comunión anglicana.

El arzobispado de Cantórbery fue creado por el papa, siendo san Agustín de Canterbury el primer arzobispo. Otros arzobispos ilustres fueron san Anselmo de Canterbury o santo Tomás Becket. Rowan Williams fue el centésimo cuarto arzobispo de Cantórbery desde 2002 hasta 2012.

Véase también
 Anexo:Arzobispos de Canterbury

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 ComuniónAnglicana.org (sitio web no oficial, ver su página: Nota importante)
 Sitio web oficial de la Comunión Anglicana

Arquidiócesis anglicanas
Iglesia de Inglaterra
Títulos eclesiásticos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Billboard Music Awards schedule, dates, events, and tickets
Scott played a new track that is reportedly entitled 'Lost Forever'. Last week, P Diddy had announced on Instagram that he had personally arranged for Scott to perform at the awards. The legendary rapper hosted the show, introducing Scott as …
BTS set new record at 2022 Billboard Music Awards
👍 If you can't get your hands on fashion's hottest collab rn, don't sweat it – we've got plenty of summer sparkle in our dresses dept, too. The British singer beamed on the red carpet before taking to the stage …
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Some 11km north of Marvão in the tiny village of Beirã, this extraordinary place offers lodging in a beautifully converted building that was once part of the now inactive train station. It's a designer's dream with lovely tile-work, a spacious lounge with fireplace and intriguing details (including a bicycle dangling from the ceiling).
The rooms are bright and quite comfy. The patio faces on to the old train tracks. The guesthouse makes a fine base for exploring the area. There are lesser known megaliths and lovely walks (or horse rides) in the countryside nearby.


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Confusion and Delays at Orlando Airport after TSA Agent Falls to His Death
Posted: Feb 2, 2019 / 04:11 PM PST / Updated: Feb 2, 2019 / 04:07 PM PST
An off-duty Transportation Security Administration officer fell to his death Saturday from a hotel balcony inside Florida's Orlando International Airport, officials said, sending confused travelers scattering past security checkpoints unscreened and causing flight delays.
There were varying descriptions about what happened. Orlando police said a man in his 40s jumped, in an apparent suicide, from the Hyatt Regency Hotel onto an atrium floor in the main terminal at about 9:30 a.m. ET.
TSA spokeswoman Jenny Burke identified the man as an off-duty TSA officer, and said he fell from one of the multilevel hotel's balconies, which overlooks an area where people line up for one of the airport's security checkpoints.
The man was found in critical condition and taken to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead, police said. His name was not released, and further information on what led to his fall wasn't immediately available.
The fall caused momentary panic in the atrium as well as long delays for some travelers who were trying to fly into and out of the airport.
A passenger says TSA workers told them to run
Trista Eaden told Spectrum News 13, a CNN affiliate, that she was waiting in line for screening when she heard a loud bang.
"Then I saw the TSA agents standing up, and all of a sudden they just told us to run, to just go through the screening," Eaden said.
The TSA said that several passengers scattered past the security areas without screening. All passengers at gates 70 to 129 had to be rescreened, the airport said.
Around 3 p.m., the airport tweeted that the wait at those checkpoints had been reduced to less than 15 minutes. Numerous flights had been canceled, especially for Southwest Airlines, the airport tweeted.
Video from CNN affiliate WFTV showed long lines at the checkpoint early Saturday afternoon.
Travelers flying into the airport were held up, too.
Timothy Haines, who flew into Orlando from Michigan, told CNN affiliate WKMG that his Southwest Airlines flight was held on an apron or taxiway for more than 90 minutes.
As of 6:30 p.m., 117 flights from the airport had been delayed and 45 were canceled, according to the flight-tracking site FlightAware.com. Dozens of flights coming into the airport also were delayed or canceled.
Rep. Val Demings was among the Florida officials tweeting condolences: "Our hearts go out to the family of the TSA officer who passed away today at @MCO. Our public servants work every day to keep us safe. Please keep them all in your prayers during this difficult time."
Entertainment / 1 hour ago


No Water Bath Needed Cheesecake is the Way of the Future for Baking Cheesecake.
Baking the perfect cheesecake takes years to get just the right technique.
These are all serious cheesecake issues, but today we are going to be made easy. I'm the kind of Chef that doesn't really like using the word easy, yet the food world has decided easy is popular and everyone likes easy. With that said, today I'm going to give you just that; easy perfect cheesecake.
First, let's talk about something cool I found at the local restaurant supply store. This is my first product review. Today's review is covering 9-inch silicone glass bottom cheesecake cookware. Just looking at this product you can tell it is very easy to use, and a cinch removing the cheesecake from the cookware. No more using knives to separate the cheesecake from the cookware. You'll see how it works in the video below.
Classically cheesecakes are baked in a water bath. Ok, that's nice, but who wants to move a cooking tray filled with scalding hot water? The risk of getting burnt, spilling the hot water on the floor along with the ruined cheesecake. Nope, never again. My method is safe and easy.
The reason for the water bath in the first place is "even" cooking and helps prevent cracking. My method handles all these concerns.
Wet a bath towel with warm to hot water, rinse out most of the leftover water but don't' try too hard, the extra water is what we are looking for to help retain the heat.
Remove from the oven and place the cheesecake bakeware in the middle of the tray and place the sides of the towel around the cookware.
NOTE: the towel will not be very hot after a short 3-5 minutes in a 325-degree oven, only a warm up starter for the baking process.
An ancient form of cheesecake may have been a popular dish in ancient Greece even prior to Romans' adoption of it with the conquest of Greece. The earliest attested mention of a cheesecake is by the Greek physician Aegimus, who wrote a book on the art of making cheesecake. The earliest extant cheesecake recipes are found in Cato the Elder's De Agri Cultura, which includes recipes for two cakes for religious uses: libum and placenta. Of the two, the placenta is most like most modern cheesecakes, having a crust that is separately prepared and baked.
A more modern version is found in Forme of Cury, an English cookbook from 1390. On this basis, chef Heston Blumenthal has argued that cheesecake is an English invention.
Modern commercial American cream cheese was developed in 1872, when William Lawrence, from Chester, New York, while looking for a way to recreate the soft, French cheese Neufchâtel, accidentally came up with a way of making an "unripened cheese" that is heavier and creamier; other dairymen came up with similar creations independently.
Modern cheesecake comes in two different types. Along with the baked cheesecake, some cheesecakes are made with uncooked cream cheese on a crumbled biscuit base. This type of cheesecake was invented in the United States.
is a confection prepared by slowly heating sweetened milk to create a substance that derives its taste from the Maillard reaction, changing flavor and color. Literally translated, it means "candy [made] of milk" or "sweet [made] of milk." Its origin is a highly debated topic and it is popular in most Latin American countries.
This stuff is great caramel sauce. It's also cheap, which is only awesome because the taste is spot on. I'd compare it to the caramel.
Add cream cheese to the electric mixer and start the mixer. Next, add in the eggs one at a time. Allow the cream cheese and eggs to combine well. Next, add in the sugar little by little till all the sugar is incorporated. Add the sour cream, vanilla extra, salt and brown sugar and mix just till all ingredients are well combined.
Using a springform pan or the cookware in the article above. Use one full package of graham crackers minus the last 4 crackers. Add crackers to food processor and pulse till smooth.
Add 4 Tbsp of melted whole butter and combined. The end product should be like moist sand.
Spread the crust around the bottom of a springform pan. Try using the bottom of a glass to help pack and shape the graham cracker base. Chill in the refrigerator for 30 minutes.
Using a large towel. run the towel under hot water until completely soaked.
Be sure to subscribe to our youtube channel. The link icon is right above the recipe card.
Are you bringing this on Mother's Day ? Hope so !
You would be correct, plus we'll be having Scallops…Score!


West Georgia spoiled Lee's Military Appreciation Day by edging the Flames 3-1 and 2-1 under perfect baseball conditions at Olympic Field on Saturday afternoon. The wins moves West Georgia to 27-16 overall, 14-3 GSC, while the Flames dropped to 23-23, 14-12 GSC.
The Flames will close out their regular conference season next Saturday and Sunday when they travel to Rome, Ga. and face Shorter University in an important three-game series.
In the opening game on Saturday, the Wolves put a single run on the board in the second inning and the Flames tallied their only run of the game in the fourth inning when Miguel Pimentel drilled a long home run over the left-field wall.
West Georgia came back with two key runs in the sixth to put the contest out of reach.
Greyson McLeod (4-1) pitched 8.1 strong innings for the Wolves to pick up the win. Dalton Reagin worked the final 0.2 innings to pick up his fifth save of the year. The Flames got a solid effort from Wes Albert (2-3). In 5.1 innings he allowed just five hits, three earned runs, striking out five and walking one. Eric Freeman came on for 2.2 innings and gave up five hits and no earned runs, while Thomas Zazzaro pitched the final inning.
Payne, Dalton Ney, Chase Gadau and Justen Freeman joined Pimentel with Lee's only hits. Cade Marlowe carried the big stick for the winners. He had three hits and joined Price Peters with a double. Marlowe also scored two of his team's runs.
In the nightcap, the Flames broke open a scoreless game in the bottom of the fifth inning. Justen Freeman singled and took second on a wild pitch. Payne was intentionally walked but Jordan Howard promptly delivered a single that scored Freeman to give the Flames a short-lived lead.
The Wolves spoiled the entire afternoon by plating two runs in the top of the seven-inning game. Joseph Hill singled and Tucker Breen put down a sac bunt. A single by Nick Poskey tied the game and then Brian Dansereau delivered the knockout blow that scored Poskey with what turned out to be the winning run. A rally by the Flames with the bases loaded in the bottom of the inning came up short when relief pitcher Drew Hayles delivered a strikeout.
Pat Morrow pitched well enough to win. In 6.1 innings, the right-hander allowed four hits, just one earned run, striking out nine and walking three. Logan Workman relieved Morrow in the seventh and gave up two hits and an unearned run. Workman (3.1) was charged with the loss. The Wolves used four pitchers with Andres Hernandez hurling the first 5.1 innings, but it was Reagin (3-2) who was credited with the pitching win.
Again the Flames were limited to just seven hits, with Howard collecting the only RBI. Dansereau had two hits and a key RBI, while Gabriel Wurtz was also credited with a run batted in.


The following is a list of publications authored by Institution for Innovation and Technology Management.
Mahdiloo, M., Ngwenyama, O., Scheepers, R., Tamaddoni, A.
Añón Higón, D., Gholami, R., Shirazi, F.
Albertus, R., Ngwenyama, O. & Brown, I.
Cole, J. A., & Charles-Cadogan, G.
Kræmmergaard, P., K. D., Keller, & Ngwenyama, O.


Middlesex Gases and Technologies a leader in providing specialty and cryogenic gases and equipment to the Life Science Community and we are looking to add to its Outside Sales Team. The individual should have prior sales experience preferably in the Life Science Market but will train the right individual.
We currently have an immediate opening in our Sales division. The ideal candidate must be over 21, have a smart and professional image and have a genuine passion for working with people.
We take great pride in developing our people. Our future growth is dependent upon our talented team. We put their goals and ambitions as a priority. You will be involved in one of Massachusetts fastest growing markets providing products and services to he life science industry.
To apply, send your resume to Ron Perry, Director of Sales and Marketing RPerry@MiddlesexGases.com.
Middlesex Gases & Technologies is looking for a full time Class A or B CDL driver with haz mat endorsement. You must have a good work history and be able to pass a drug test and DOT physical examination as well as possess strong customer service skills. Excellent rates/benefits and we have a great industry reputation.
Middlesex Gases & Technologies in Everett is looking for a mature and responsible individual for handling, maintaining, and filling high pressure and cryogenic gas cylinders. No experience necessary as we will provide training. Position is full time with competitive wages.


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Lyle Denniston Independent Contractor Reporter
Posted Fri, November 30th, 2012 3:16 pm
No action on same-sex marriage
Posted Fri, November 30th, 2012 3:16 pm by Lyle Denniston
The Supreme Court, after taking most of the day to prepare new orders, took no action Friday on the ten same-sex marriage pleas now on the docket. It did agree to rule on whether taking a human gene out of the body for research is a process that can be patented. That case is Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, with the grant limited to that issue. The Justices also agreed to rule on legal protection for makers of generic drugs (Mutual Pharmaceutical v. Bartlett).
The next opportunity for the Court to issue orders will be at 9:30 a.m. Monday. Nothing has ruled out the possibility that some actions on same-sex marriage could be announced at that time, although there is no indication that that will occur. It may be that the Court needs more time to decide what it wants to do next on any of the cases. If the Court has chosen to deny review of all of the cases, even that might not come out on Monday, since the chances are that there would be dissents from some of the denials, and it would take some time to prepare dissenting opinions. But denial of all of the cases is an extremely remote possibility anyway.
If no orders on any of these cases emerge on Monday, the next indication of what the Court may be doing with the issue could come with re-setting them for the private Conference that will be held next Friday. It is not uncommon, in cases that have some complexity, for the Court to require more than one Conference sitting to decide how to proceed. Ordinarily, the Court re-schedules cases after releasing orders and opinions from a Conference. Thus, that could happen on Monday or Tuesday of next week — orders are due Monday, one or more opinions Tuesday, but only in cases already heard.
At this point, any prediction about where the same-sex marriage cases stand at the Court is subject to serious error. The Court does not explain inactions, so silence can mean many alternative possibilities. The Court, though, does tend to follow fairly fixed patterns of activity. The announcement of grants on Friday is usually linked to a desire to get enough cases put on the decision docket to fill the next openings in the argument calendar. As of this morning, the Court still had eight slots open for argument during the March session. By announcing grants this afternoon, the Court gave counsel a few more days to prepare briefing in the two newly granted cases.
Lawyers and other public Court watchers knew that the same-sex marriage cases were being considered at this morning's Conference, because that fact was listed on the public docket page for each case. The Court had been due to consider the cases as early as September, but that was first put off until November 20, when all documents in all ten files would be available, and then to today's Conference. When the Court re-sets a case or cases, it does not explain why.
The same-sex marriage cases are complex because they involved a variety of constitutional issues, a series of procedural complexities, and then some scheduling considerations — such as who is to line up on which side of any granted case. If the Court is prepared to hear one or more of the cases, they still may want to re-write the questions in a form that they prefer to address, and that usually takes a bit of time. Although some of the Justices presumably have spent some time thinking about these cases, and perhaps having their clerks read some of the papers (and maybe doing so themselves), Friday's Conference was very likely the first time that all nine Justices had a group conversation about them.
If granting any cases was going to be easy, the chances are that an order saying so would have come out by early in the afternoon. The fact that no order emerged until after 3 p.m. was the strongest indication that the Court had been spending extra time on these ten cases, without reaching a conclusion. It would not have taken much time to write the order on the two cases that did get granted.
On the two cases that the Justices did grant, the human gene patent case shapes up as a major case with potentially wide impact on scientific research, medical practice, and women's health, in particular. The case involves the extraction of DNA from human body cells, in the form of "isolated" biological material, for purposes of study. An examination of mutant forms of two genes that are now held under patent monopolies can give a strong indication of whether a woman is at risk for hereditary breast or ovarian cancer.
This case was before the Justices last Term, but the Court, rather than grant review of the human gene patentability, sent the case back to the specialized patent court — the Federal Circuit Court — for a new look in the wake of a decision last Term limiting the opportunity to patent claimed inventions on the application of the laws of nature. An invention that is nothing more than a recitation of a law of nature is not eligible for a patent; the Court said there must be a clear application of such a law, perhaps in a research or diagnostic setting, before it could be eligible for a patent.
When the case returned to the Federal Circuit, it once again ruled that "isolated DNA" was patentable. In taking the case back to the Supreme Court this Term, a group of doctors, researchers, clinicians, and geneticists and their organizations asked the Court not only to rule on whether a human gene can be patented, but also whether the Federal Circuit was wrong in upholding a method patent held by Myriad Genetics, and whether it also was wrong in setting a narrow definition of who may sue to challenge the legality of a patent. The Justices, in granting review, limited their review to the single issue of gene patentability.
The second case granted Friday is also a reprise of prior activity on a similar issue two Terms ago, along with some earlier Court precedents in the field of claims of harm done from drugs, medical devices or other consumer products. The issue in the case is whether federal law bars lawsuits claiming that a drug made by a generic manufacturer was defective in its design. A generic firm, Mutual Pharmaceutical Co., Inc., told the Court in its petition for review that the First Circuit Court was wrong in concluding that a generic company whose design had been challenged in court could avoid conflicting with federal law by simply ceasing to make its products.
It appears that both of the cases will be scheduled for oral argument in March.
Recommended Citation: Lyle Denniston, No action on same-sex marriage, SCOTUSblog (Nov. 30, 2012, 3:16 PM), https://www.scotusblog.com/2012/11/no-action-on-same-sex-marriage/


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Home Celebrity Kylie Jenner and Kendall splendid: the sisters are displayed in a bra...
Kylie Jenner and Kendall splendid: the sisters are displayed in a bra on Instagram!
Kylie Jenner and her sister Kendall still delighted their fans. The two stars have displayed ultra accomplices on their social networks.
Kylie Jenner and her sister Kendall have just made the happiness of their subscribers. The reason ? The girls of Kris sported a very trendy similar outfit.
It's no secret that Kris Jenner is very proud of her offspring. To start, his daughters Kim, Kourtney and Khloé are the stars of "Keeping Up With The Kardashians". On screen, the three sisters know how to put on a show for their audience. As for Rob, he is quite discreet. Kylie Jenner and Kendall sometimes appear on the reality show.
It must be said that their schedule is also very busy! Kendall had a brilliant career in the fashion world. The pretty brunette is one of the models of the moment. As for Kylie Jenner, she is also a formidable businesswoman like Kim. Stormi's mom has a brand of cosmetics and make up. Thanks to her empire, she has become a billionaire!
https://www.instagram.com/p/B7XJLfrgYjU/?utm_source=ig_embed
KYLIE JENNER IS BUZZING ON THE CANVAS WITH HER SISTER KENDALL!
Kylie Jenner has always been very close to her sister Kendall. Together, the two young women made the 400 shots! If Kris was permissive enough, their papa always took care of the grain. It is out of the question for her two princesses to do anything! In any case, he can be proud of their journey. Kim's sisters are worshiped in the media and on the web. The class!
In any case, Kylie Jenner and her sister Kendall have just made the buzz on the Web. The two sisters have released an adorable shot of their duo. In the photo in question, they pose side by side. Stormi's mom has blond hair. As for Kendall, she has kept her natural hair color. Facing the camera, the two stars are stunning. We let you admire their adorable shot!
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KYLIE JENNER AND TRAVIS SCOTT ARE TOGETHER AGAIN?