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David Butler Neagle (October 10, 1847—November 28, 1925) was a Deputy U.S. Marshal who, while guarding   Associate Supreme Court Justice Stephen J. Field, killed former California Chief Justice David S. Terry when he assaulted Field. Neagle was arrested by the county sheriff and charged with murder. Insisting he was acting within his capacity as a federal marshal, his case went to the U.S. Supreme Court, which in In re Neagle affirmed the executive branch's right to protect judges and the supremacy of federal law over state law.

He met Bertha Blanch in 1870. They had two daughters, Louisa and Emma, who died before their sixth birthday. They were married in 1874 and later had Winifred Mary and Albert Victor. He was also a saloon owner, miner and deputy town marshal in Tombstone, Arizona Territory shortly after the Gunfight at the OK Corral.

Early life

Neagle was the son of Irish immigrants William Neagle and Bridget (née) Donahue. He was born in Boston on October 10, 1847. In 1852 his parents took him and his sister Mary to San Francisco. His mother Bridget died soon after their arrival, and his father placed Mary in the Female Orphan Asylum. At age 10 David began attending the Roman Catholic School at Santa Clara, which later became Santa Clara College. San Francisco was the financial center through which the wealth of the California Gold Rush and the Comstock Lode passed. At age 15 in 1862 Neagle left for Florence, Idaho Territory, where gold had been discovered the prior year. He returned to San Francisco in 1863 and resumed his schooling, but soon left to join the miners in Virginia City, Treasure City, and later Pioche, Nevada.

Outside the Midnight Star Saloon in Pioche on the evening of May 30, 1871, Neagle's friend Mike Casey and Tom Gasson had a heated argument. Casey pulled his pistol and shot Gasson. Before Gasson died a week later, he wrote out a will that promised $5,000 (approximately $ today). to the man who avenged his death.

Casey claimed self defense at the inquest, but miner and witness Jim Leavy contradicted his testimony. Casey was furious and called on Leavy to defend himself. Leavy did not own a pistol, so he borrowed one. In one of the few known instances, they faced each other in a classic Western shoot out in an alley. Leavy shot first, grazing Casey's skull, and then shot him in the neck. Casey fell to the ground, mortally wounded, and Leavy charged him and buffaloed him with his pistol. Neagle was also in the alley. He shot Leavy, hitting him in the face. His bullet perforated both of Leavy's cheeks and shattered his jaw, but Leavy survived, although permanently disfigured.

Leavy collected the $5,000 and developed a reputation as a gunfighter, leading to his death in Tucson, Arizona Territory in 1882. Neagle earned a reputation as "being one of the fastest pistol shots in the West, and of indisputable courage."

In 1874 Neagle learned of a promising silver and copper find in Panamint, California, near Death Valley, and was one of the first to arrive in the newly founded boom town. He opened a saloon named the Oriental with boards across two barrels in front of a tent. It grew into an elaborate frame building with a black walnut bar, fixtures valued at $10,000, a billiard table, paintings of nude women, and two gambling rooms. He bought an entire town block and subdivided it. To protect customers from stray bullets in the untamed town, he reinforced the walls of his saloon with sheets of corrugated iron. The national bank panic beginning in 1873 and the subsequent collapse of the Bank of California on August 26, 1875 caused investor confidence to fail, and by November 1875 Panamint was virtually abandoned. Neagle may have left with about $20,000 (or about  $ today). He reported a murder in Darwin City, Nevada on August 5, 1875, to the state capital in Carson City. On July 24, 1876, a flash flood roared down the canyon and washed out most of the town.

Neagle returned to Virginia City, where his sister Mary lived with her husband Jim Kelley and son Tom, and opened a saloon named The Capital. After about six months he took his family and was soon employed as a mine foreman while working a gold claim of his own near Prescott, Arizona Territory. In 1877, he hurt his leg badly in a fall, and for the next year he struggled to get well, so he returned to San Francisco. He later worked mines in Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, Arizona, and Sonora, Mexico. He was in Tucson on June 28, 1880, and soon moved to the silver-mining boom town of Tombstone, Arizona Territory.

Life in Tombstone

On July 15, 1880, Neagle, his wife Bertha and their infant daughter Winnie arrived in Tombstone, Arizona. John Behan, who he knew from his time in Prescott three years prior, arrived with his young son Albert on September 14, 1880. Neagle hoped to operate a mine as he had in the past. But he was hired by Behan as a Pima County deputy sheriff and pursued stage robbers and stock rustlers, one time alongside Wyatt and Morgan Earp.

Deputy US Marshal and Tombstone City Marshal Virgil Earp was on the January ballot as the Citizen's Party candidate for city marshal when he was ambushed and severely wounded on December 27, 1881, Neagle, representing the People's Independent Party, was elected city marshal on January 4, 1882. Four months later, he and one of his new deputies Joe Poynton attempted to quell a group of Mexicans celebrating Cinco de Mayo by shooting their weapons on the air. Antonio Figueroa shot and seriously wounded Poynton. Neagle pursued Figueroa, and when he would not stop, shot him in the back, killing him.

Neagle was careful in choosing his friends, and never became closely allied with the loose confederation of outlaws known as the Cochise County Cowboys. This won him respect from both Democrats and Republicans in Tombstone. Fred Dodge described Neagle as a "square man [who] could not tolerate the work of Johnny Behan and there was a sure and final break between the two." Both Behan and Neagle wanted the job as county sheriff. Behan could not secure enough backing from other Democrats and dropped out of the race. Neagle, disenchanted by the Democratic back room dealing, was on the ballot on November 15, 1882, for Cochise County sheriff as an independent, but lost to Republican Jerome L. Ward.

Mining interests

In 1883 Neagle worked in Anaconda, Montana Territory in the booming mining district around Butte. He won a woodcutting contract from Marcus Daly, owner of the Anconda Smelting Works, for 30,000 cords of wood at $2.60 per cord, worth $75,000 (around  $ today). He hired dozens of men to fulfill the contract. He also built the flume to transport the lumber to the mill site. When his partner Maginnis absconded with their employees' wages, Neagle went after him. On March 1, 1884, he confronted Maginnis and demanded he return the money. One account states that Mcginnis attacked Neagle with a knife,  while another reports he shot Mcginnis in the back. The local paper of Deer Lodge Montana reported "the ball entered the breast." Neagle shot Mcginnis, though he survived. Cleared at a hearing, Neagle was viewed as a hero by his employees. He owned considerable property in the area before he left.

Career as marshal

In 1859 Stephen J. Field had replaced the former Chief Justice of the California Supreme Court, David S. Terry, after Terry killed California United States Senator David Colbreth Broderick in a duel. Terry was charged with a crime, but was acquitted while the witnesses were en route and left the state. Thirty years after the two men first met, Field had another encounter with Terry in a volatile public scandal. Terry was a big man, known for his physical strength and for his skill with the Bowie knife he routinely carried in a sheath under his coat.

Sarah Althea Hill was a 30-year-old mentally unstable woman with a history of violent behavior. She carried a small-caliber Colt revolver in her purse and did not hesitate to threaten all who crossed her. She attracted the attention of 60-year-old widower and millionaire William Sharon, president of the Bank of California and owner of the Palace Hotel and of other properties. He gave her $500 (about $ today) per month and a room in the San Francisco Grand Hotel, adjoining the Palace Hotel where he lived, for the pleasure of her companionship. After just over a year, he tried to end the relationship, but she would not agree. He finally evicted her from the room by having the carpets ripped up and the door hinges removed, along with a $7,500 (around $) payment.

When he began a relationship with another woman, she claimed to be his wife and sued him for adultery. One of her attorneys was David Terry. Sharon countersued, claiming that the marriage contract she produced was fraudulent.

Sharon vs. Sharon

As was the custom at the time, U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Fields was assigned to assist the California Circuit Court. He was coincidentally assigned to the Sharon vs. Sharon case. After William Sharon died on November 13, 1885, his son and son-in-law carried on the case. Hill/Sharon produced a handwritten will that she said she had found in his desk. Many were suspicious of its authenticity. It gave her all of Sharon's estate. She married her attorney Terry on January 7, 1886, in Stockton.

Judge Sawyer attacked

In January 1886, a U.S. circuit court judge and a U.S. district court judge sitting as a Circuit Judge rendered a decision against the defendants, ruling the marriage contract was a forgery. The Terrys were jailed when they refused to comply with the court's order to turn over the invalid contract to the court. They returned to the court in March 1888, seeking further relief. Oral arguments was heard by Justice Field, sitting as circuit court justice, Circuit Court Judge Lorenzo Sawyer, and District Court Judge George Myron Sabin. The court took the matter under advisement. After the court hearing, Judge Sawyer encountered the Terrys on a train between Fresno and San Francisco on August 14, 1888. When Terry and his wife saw Sawyer on the train, the newspapers reported:

Her husband watched her actions and smilingly approved.

Judge Field rules against Terrys

On September 3, 1888, Field delivered the final Circuit Court opinion. He ruled that the will was a forgery. Althea suddenly stood up, screamed obscenities at the judge, and fumbled in her handbag for her revolver. When Marshal John Franks and others attempted to escort her from the courtroom, attorney Terry rose to defend his wife and drew his Bowie knife. He hit Frank, knocking out a tooth, and the marshals drew their handguns. Spectators subdued Terry and led him out of the courtroom, where he pulled his Bowie knife again, threatening all around him. David Neagle was among the spectators present and put his pistol in Terry's face.  Both Terrys were subdued and placed under arrest. Justice Field had them returned to the courtroom and sentenced both to jail for contempt of court. David Terry got  six months in jail, and Sarah Terry got one month.

While being transported to jail and while serving their sentences, Terry and his wife repeatedly threatened Judge Field. The Terrys suffered several more setbacks. Both David and Althea were indicted by a federal grand jury on criminal charges arising out of their behavior in the courtroom before Justice Field. In May 1889, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to review the order that invalidated Althea Terry's marriage contract with Senator Sharon. Then, in July, with only one of the four judges who had earlier ruled in their favor, the California Supreme Court reversed itself. It ruled that because Althea Terry and Sharon had kept their alleged marriage a secret, they were never legally married. While in jail or shortly afterward, pregnant Althea suffered a miscarriage.

Attack expected

The newspapers followed the case and repeatedly speculated about the likelihood of an attack on Field. In 1886 and 1888, Franks had appointed Neagle a special deputy to supervise congressional election returns in a rough precinct of San Francisco. When Field returned to California as judge of the 9th Circuit Court in 1889, U.S. Attorney General William Miller instructed Franks to appoint Neagle as a deputy marshal with responsibility for protecting Field.

Terry killed

When David and Althea Terry were released from jail, they returned to Fresno. On August 14, 1889, they boarded a train in Fresno on which, unknown to them, Field and Neagle were returning from Los Angeles. Field soon learned of Terry's presence. At 7:10 am, the train stopped at Lathrop, California for breakfast. Neagle encouraged Judge Field to remain aboard the train, but he refused. All of the passengers disembarked to eat breakfast in the railroad station dining room. Neagle told the conductor to send for the local constable and request that he come at once, but the constable could not be immediately located.

After entering the dining room, Althea Terry saw Field. She quickly exited and returned to her railroad car, apparently to fetch the satchel in which she was known to carry a pistol. Her husband slowly came across the dining room and walked behind Field. Neagle watched him out of the corner of his eye and thought Terry might be exiting the dining room. Suddenly Terry slapped Field. The account in the San Francisco Chronicle the next day reported that Terry slapped Field on the cheek with great force from behind. Field was staggered by the blow and his glasses were knocked off. Other reports said Terry slapped Field twice.

Neagle, who was 5'7" tall and weighed 145 pounds, testified that the 6'3", 250-pound Terry recognized Neagle from the earlier confrontation in the courtroom. Neagle later said he saw a look of determination and victory on Terry's face. Neagle rose from his chair and said, "Stop that! I am an officer." Terry drew back his hand, and Neagle was not sure if he was about to deliver another blow, or reaching for his knife. Neagle drew his .45 caliber revolver and shot Terry in the heart at point-blank range. As Terry fell backward, Neagle fired again, nicking his ear. Neagle announced to the 80 to 100 people in the dining room, "I am a United States Marshal and I defy anyone to touch me!" Field told them that Terry had assaulted him "and my officer shot him."

Althea was held at the door by one of the dining room proprietors. She screamed and pushed her way through the crowd, throwing herself over her husband's body. Neagle thought he saw her covertly remove David Terry's knife from his vest. She challenged the crowd to search his body, insistent he was unarmed. The knife was later found in her satchel with the pistol.

Neagle arrested

Neagle and Field reboarded the train and locked themselves in their cabin. Althea attempted to enter their car, saying she wished to slap Field. Neagle insisted that she be kept out or he would kill her too. A few minutes later Constable Walker of Lathrop and Stanislaus County Sheriff Purvis arrived. Neagle provided a document issued by the U.S. Attorney General appointing him as a special Marshal to protect Field. Walker arrested Neagle and took him to the county jail in Stockton. Neagle refused to say anything about the shooting. San Joaquin Sheriff Thomas Cunningham telegraphed San Francisco officers requested that Field be arrested upon his arrival in Oakland. This was not done. Fields telegraphed the Marshal's office in Stockton, who relayed the information to the U.S. Attorney General. The United States Attorney in San Francisco filed a writ of habeas corpus for Neagle's release. The circuit court held a hearing and issued the writ. Sheriff Cunningham, with the aid of the State of California, appealed to the United States Supreme Court. Cunningham's appeal was based on whether Neagle acted in pursuance of the law when he shot Terry. Neagle's defense was based on the letter from Miller to Marshal Franks.

Neagle later described the shooting.

Sarah Terry, widowed by her husband's death, gradually went insane. She wandered  the streets of San Francisco aimlessly, ignoring her appearance. She constantly talked to "spirits," especially that of her husband. She was diagnosed with "dementia praecox," an early term for schizophrenia. On March 2, 1892, she was found insane and committed at age 33 to the California Asylum at Stockton, where she lived for 45 years until her death.  Justice Field remained on the bench another decade before retiring.

Supreme Court precedent

In a 6–2 decision (Justice Field abstained), the Supreme Court ruled on April 14, 1890, that Neagle "was acting under the authority of the law of the United States, and was justified in so doing; and that he is not liable to answer in the courts of California on account of his part in that transaction." Defending judges is a duty of an officer of the court and does not require a specific statute.

The ruling "In re Neagle (Cunningham v. Neagle)", on the supremacy of federal law over state law (135 U.S. 1; 10 S. Ct. 658; 34 L. Ed. 55 (1890)) found that the President, as the source of all Executive authority, could act in the absence of specific statutory authority since there were no laws that provided for protection of federal judges by the Executive branch. Constitutionally, the decision determined that the Executive branch exercised its own "necessary and proper" authority.

Later life

After his defense of Justice Field, Neagle found himself in demand as a bodyguard for high officials, including H. E. Huntington of the Southern Pacific. In early August, 1896, while protecting Huntington, he prevented a former employee named A. J. Collins from talking with Huntington. According to James H. Barry, the editor of the San Francisco Star, Neagle grabbed Collins "from behind, seized him by the throat and threw him into the street." Barry had previously attacked Neagle for his "cold-blooded murder" of Terry. He wrote, "That infernal miscreant Neagle, who murdered Judge Terry at Judge Field's instance, and who should long since have dangled on the gallows, is now, it appears, employed as hired villain by the Southern Pacific." The newspaper depicted Neagle's confrontation with Collins in large type on its front page, titled Murderer Neagle Still On Deck. Neagle confronted Barry on Montgomery Street in San Francisco, spitting at him, withdrawing a pistol from this pocket, and twirling it at his side, apparently intending to provoke Barry. Barry, forewarned, did nothing.

Neagle also guarded Patrick Calhoun of the United Railroad. Senator William Stewart hired him as a bodyguard during his 1887 campaign for reelection in Nevada. Neagle also worked as a special investigator for prominent criminal lawyer Earl Rogers. However, his interest in mining activity never lagged. As late as 1912, when he was 65 years old, he held a job as mine superintendent in California's Tuolumne County.

He died on November 28, 1925, at age 78 in Oakland, California.

Notes

References

This article contains content from a U.S. government website that is in the public domain.

1847 births
1925 deaths
American police officers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Bangladesh Film and Television Institute () is a Bangladesh government institute for research and training on film making. The current Director of the institute is Maruf Nawaz.

History
The Bangladesh Film and Television Institute was established through the passage of Bangladesh Film and Television Institute Bill (Amendment) in the Parliament of Bangladesh in 2019. The bill was moved by Information Minister Hasan Mahmud and was passed through a unanimous vote. The institute is managed by a six-member management committee and run by a director nominated by the Government of Bangladesh.

References

2019 establishments in Bangladesh
Organisations based in Dhaka
Research institutes in Bangladesh
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (Bangladesh)


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LDS Church Releases New Statement on Polygamy
December 16, 2013 by Chris Henrichsen 7 Comments
In the wake of the polygamy ruling by the U.S. District Court for Utah, and on the heels of a similar post about race and the priesthood, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has released a brand new "Gospel Topics" entry dealing with the history of plural marriage as practiced by Latter-day Saints.
A few points stood out after an initial reading by Approaching Justice.
The entry acknowledges that polygamy was still practiced after the 1890 "Manifesto" which declared an end to the practice and a willingness to comply with United States law on the matter. (UPDATE: The original version of this post stated that the statement acknowledged that polygamy was still "taught" after 1890. This was a misreading by the author and has been edited accordingly)
…In 1890, the Lord inspired Church President Wilford Woodruff to issue a statement that led to the end of the practice of plural marriage in the Church. In this statement, known as the Manifesto, President Woodruff declared his intention to abide by U.S. law forbidding plural marriage and to use his influence to convince members of the Church to do likewise.
After the Manifesto, monogamy was advocated in the Church both over the pulpit and through the press. On an exceptional basis, some new plural marriages were performed between 1890 and 1904, especially in Mexico and Canada, outside the jurisdiction of U.S. law; a small number of plural marriages were performed within the United States during those years. In 1904, the Church strictly prohibited new plural marriages.Today, any person who practices plural marriage cannot become or remain a member of the Church.
The entry also addresses the impact of legal efforts to squash polygamy, something particularly relevant in light of the recent court decision.
The experience of plural marriage toward the end of the 19th century was substantially different from that of earlier decades. Beginning in 1862, the U.S. government passed laws against the practice of plural marriage. Outside opponents mounted a campaign against the practice, stating that they hoped to protect Mormon women and American civilization. For their part, many Latter-day Saint women publicly defended the practice of plural marriage, arguing in statements that they were willing participants.
After the U.S. Supreme Court found the anti-polygamy laws to be constitutional in 1879, federal officials began prosecuting polygamous husbands and wives during the 1880s.Believing these laws to be unjust, Latter-day Saints engaged in civil disobedience by continuing to practice plural marriage and by attempting to avoid arrest. When convicted, they paid fines and submitted to jail time. To help their husbands avoid prosecution, plural wives often separated into different households or went into hiding under assumed names, particularly when pregnant or after giving birth.
The entry only addresses polygamy as practiced in Utah, which might lead one to assume that there will be a future entry on the practice of polygamy prior to the emigration to Utah.
The full entry can be found here.
Filed Under: Religion Tagged With: Mormonism, Polygamy, Sister Wives
« A Look at the Sister Wives Ruling with an Attorney for the Browns.
Hymns Through the Lens of a 13-Year-Old Young Man »
Is it civil disobedience if you evade arrest?
Chris Henrichsen says:
Rob, it is civil disobedience if you are breaking the law. It is not quite non-violent direct action as MLK describes it, but as long as it is non-violent and out of principle…I do not think avoiding arrest undermines a claim to civil disobedience.
pagansister says:
If I understand from the court ruling, if the man and his women have not gotten a license for each of the "marriages", they are basically just living together and are not breaking any secular laws. They have a "spiritual" marriage, so the women and their "man" are as far as they are concerned, married. The fellow (Brown?) is only legally married to his first wife, right? The other women are just cohabiting, which is not illegal. The case that the court just ruled in favor of isn't an example of the fundamental LDS groups that live in compounds with a "prophet" leading and basically acting like a king, but I wonder if the courts would now say that those situations are OK. The compound groups appear to me to be more like a cult than a religion. Did any of what I just wrote make an sense? 🙂
I do not see how if would not also apply to the groups that are more isolated or that live in compounds. Many groups are more isolated partially because of the siege mentality that comes from being targeted by the government.
Yes, I guess it would also apply to those isolated groups too. They are the extreme version of polygamy. Only going by what has been in news reports etc. but the fact that some underage girls claim to have been forced into marriages I would think would continue to be illegal and continue to be subject to legal actions.
Gaius Gracchus says:
I see where the Church acknowledges plural marriage was practiced in Canada and Mexico and some plural marriages were performed in Utah between the First and Second Manifesto, but I don't see where the Church acknowledges that polygamy was still taught after 1890.
Ah, yes. I misread the statement on that. I will correct that. Thanks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


An average of 2.8% of a charity's database has the potential to be a major donor. If the database contains 100,000 records this is an overwhelming 2,880 people with the potential to give significant gifts.
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Saucillo is a Municipality of 32325 inhabitants, placed in the State of Chihuahua, with a fertility rate of 2.61 children per woman. 6.88% of the population migrated from outside the State of Chihuahua. 0.86% of the population is indigenous, 0.66% of the inhabitants speak one indigenous language, and 0.03% speak that indigenous language, but not Spanish.
90.84% of the inhabitants of Saucillo are Catholic, 47.77% are economically active and, within this active population, 95.94% are employed. Additionally, 97.81% of the dwellings have piped water and 12.56% have Internet access.
Do you want to know more statistical data of Saucillo? Please click on this link. Additionally, you can browse a beautiful map of Saucillo following the next link.


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Luggage Storage Oxford Circus
Find luggage storage in certified shops & hotels
Det siger vores kunder om os
Bagageopbevaring Oxford Circus
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Storing your luggage locally with LuggageHero will save you time commuting back and forth to the traditional storage facilities. You book online, start the storage timer upon arrival at our LuggageHero and off you go.
Luggage storage has never been as easy as now. Our security seals provided in the shop activates a insurance on your bags and our storage timer will make sure you only pay for the hours spent.
Explore Oxford Circus hassle free and turn your travel day into a holiday.
All our shops are certified by LuggageHero and all bags are sealed off with our security seals ensuring each piece of luggage up to .
Oxford Circus is a London Underground station serving Oxford Circus at the junction of Regent Street and Oxford Street, with entrances on all four corners of the intersection. The station is an interchange between the Bakerloo, Central and Victoria Lines.
Getting off at Oxford Circus tube station will place you directly on Oxford Street a shopping paradise. However, there are a few hidden gems dotted around Oxford Street, that we think you'll like.
"Ain't Nothin' But" on Kingly Street, a stone's throw from Oxford Circus is arguably London's best blues bar and is probably in the running to one of the best blues bars in Europe.
Shopping might be the main activity around Oxford Circus and has changed the immediate surroundings to become quite consumerist, but moving to the backstreet, such as Margaret Street and Henrietta Place will give some lovely boutique cafés and foodie cafeterias. You'll also find a few secret cinemas dotted around, as this is where most of the agencies that represent the worlds' biggest acting talents have offices here.
LuggageHero in the press
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text:
Sarah McTernan revealed as Ireland's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2019
You'll definitely recognise her
Eimear Dodd
RTÉ has revealed the act that will represent Ireland at the Eurovision Song Contest 2019. The song, '22' will be performed by singer Sarah McTernan.
The Clare native finished third in the fourth series of The Voice of Ireland in 2015. She will compete in the second Eurovision semi final in Tel Aviv on Thursday May 16.
Speaking about being selected to represent Ireland, Sarah said:
"It's like an early birthday present! My 25th birthday is next Monday and if you'd told me last year that I'd be chosen to represent my country at Eurovision, performing the song for the first time on Dancing with the Stars this Sunday, and then flying to Tel Aviv on my birthday to record a postcard, I would have told you - you were crazy!
"My Mom, Nana, family and friends are super excited for me – they're shocked and very proud. I can't wait to teach my biggest fan – my 2 ½ year old daughter Mia- all the lyrics to "22"!"
See first photos of Ireland's Eurovision 2019 act Sarah McTernan
'22' was written by Janieck, Marcia "Misha" Sondeijker and Roulsen.
The song received its first airplay on Friday morning on The Ryan Tubridy Show and was met with good reception.
Sarah will perform the song for the first time on Dancing with the Stars on RTÉ One on Sunday March 10th as part of a special Eurovision Song Contest themed programme, which will also feature a performance from Eurovision legend Johnny Logan.


text:
category : sports
18 June 2018 - 17:45
Iran's Faghani atop referees at World Cup
According to ratetheref.net, a referee ranking website, Iranian international referee Alireza Faghani has gained 4.84 points from 2564 votes and tops other referees of the 2018 World Cup till date. The performance of Faghani and his two Iranian assists, namely Reza Sokhandan and Mohammad Reza Monsouri, in Germany-Mexico match was praised by both the public […]
According to ratetheref.net, a referee ranking website, Iranian international referee Alireza Faghani has gained 4.84 points from 2564 votes and tops other referees of the 2018 World Cup till date.
The performance of Faghani and his two Iranian assists, namely Reza Sokhandan and Mohammad Reza Monsouri, in Germany-Mexico match was praised by both the public and the refereeing expert.
In an interview with ILNA News Agency on Monday, Faghani expressed happiness regarding the satisfaction of Iranians regarding his team's performance in the 2018 World Cup.
When asked about his being at the top of mentioned rankings, Faghani said, "these rankings are not important for me and I just do my job. We try to do our best in each match and do not care about other issues."
He went on to say that they are recovering from last night's match and will wait to see whether FIFA would chose them for another match or not.
Born in 1978, Alireza Faghani has been on the international list of referees since 2008 and has officiated important matches like 2014 AFC Champions League Final, 2015 AFC Asian Cup Final, 2015 FIFA Club World Cup Final and 2016 Olympic Football Final.
Short link :
https://irannewsdaily.com/?p=29666
Alireza Faghani world cup
Irandoost names Iran team for AFC Asian Cup 2022
Zahra Nemati among top female performers in 2021
Masoud Fallah appointed Iran wheelchair basketball team coach
Maryam Irandoost has named her 23-member team for the AFC Women's Asian Cup India 2022.
Iranian Para archer Zahra Nemati was chosen by International Paralympic Committee among the top female performers in 2021.
Masoud Fallah was named as new head coach of Iran's wheelchair basketball team on Wednesday.
Comments submitted by you will be published by the management team on approval after being approved.
Messages that contain slander or defamation will not be published.
Messages that are not linked will not be published.
The Islamic Republic of Iran and China on Friday officially began a new era of bilateral cooperation which can enrage the West and especially the Americans and these two countries can cooperate in different fields.


Enda Kenny is an Irish-born songwriter who has made his home in Melbourne, Australia since the late 1980's. His thoughtful, descriptive stories of his adoptive homeland have struck a chord with festival audiences all over Australia and are always memorable and spiced with plenty of humour. Kitchen Ballads is his eighth independent recording and features 11 original songs as well as some live favourites.


text:
Q: How to set $env:NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS to "default" value? While trying to solve a Node certificates issue on my local, I had to set $env:NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS="D:\Source\project\fe\client.certificate.cer"
If I remove the above "client.certificate.cer" from the disk, each time I run an npm command, npm looks for the above certificate "D:\Source\project\fe\client.certificate.cer" and gives me a warning that it's no longer the disk.

Warning: ignoring extra certs from
'D:\Source\project\fe\client.certificate.cer', load failed:
error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory.
npm WARN config global '--global', '--local' are deprecated. Use '--location=global' instead.
Warning: ignoring extra certs from 'D:\Source\project\fe\client.certificate.cer', load failed:
error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory.

In order to set up the value of the $env:NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS= to a "default" one I run $env:NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS=C:\Users\myuser\AppData\Local\mkcert\rootCA.pem.
It works for the current instance of PowerShell, but if I run another one or I restart the PC, it returns to "D:\Source\project\fe\client.certificate.cer"
How can I update the value of $env:NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS permanently?

A: To update the value of $env:NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS permanently, you will need to modify your system environment variables.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Drinking by Straw Glasses is a funny and novel way to drink. It is fantastic as a party supplier and a wonderful gift.
Description: Put the short end of the drinking straw into your mouth and the long end of the straw into your drink.
Take a sip and watch your drink go round and round your eyes, then into your mouth.


text:
Mayday! Mayday!
Aircraft Crashes in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 1920-2000
Author(s): Wadley, Jeff, and Dwight McCarter
Mayday! Mayday! Aircraft Crashes in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 1920–2000 Jeff Wadley and Dwight McCarter
Since the dawn of aviation, more than fifty aircraft have crashed in the Great Smoky Mountains. This book details all of those known incidents from 1920 to 2000, including those that occurred within the area before the establishment of the National Park in 1934. Jeff Wadley and Dwight McCarter, who have been involved in search-and-rescue missions in the Smokies for decades, have researched official documents and newspaper archives and conducted extensive interviews with survivors, family members, and eyewitnesses to record not only tragedies but also triumphs of survival.
The authors tell how the earliest known plane crashes in the Smokies were of the single-engine Curtis "Jenny" biplanes flown by young air aces during the World War I era. In the years since, the Smokies have claimed private planes, military jets, helicopters, and even a hot air balloon. These disasters arose from numerous causes—from fuel depletion and icing to "dare-deviling" or simply flying too low. Wadley and McCarter attest to the difficult duties of search-and-rescue teams in the most remote areas of the park. Of 127 persons involved in crashes, only 56 survived. Readers will be touched by these accounts—such as that of two small children who survived a December 1977 crash that killed their father and older sister.
Mayday! Mayday! offers both cautionary tales for pilots who fly above these ridges and seasoned advice to those who search for victims. The Smokies have been called by some another Bermuda Triangle; this book explains why and reminds us that no skies are entirely friendly.
The Authors: Jeff Wadley is a lieutenant colonel in the Tennessee Civil Air Patrol who serves as a mission coordinator and trainer in the Smokies.
Dwight McCarter served as a backcountry ranger in the park for over twenty years and is the author of Lost! A Ranger's Journal of Search and Rescue in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.


Silent partner in Johnston Organ Co. of Van Nuys, California, c.1914.
To be determined, no source is listed in Fox's Guide.
See main entry: Johnston Organ & Piano Manufacturing Co.
There are no entries in the database that describe organs by (_____) Bell.


text:
2016 Biotechnology Industry Position Survey
The 2016 Biotechnology Industry Position Survey reveals that Australian life sciences companies have attracted well over $2 billion in deal flow over the last 18 months.
The survey, conducted by AusBiotech in partnership with Grant Thornton and with a contribution from Novotech, show that there has been a significant change amongst political and policy decision-makers, recognising the importance of the sector to Australia's future prosperity.
The industry response has been positive to recent developments with 75 per cent of the respondents expecting 2016 to be a year of growth and 41 per cent indicating that the economic conditions and public policy in Australia are conducive to growing their company, up from 16 per cent in 2015.
Concerns remain in relation to the constant tinkering and reviews of the R&D Tax Incentive. "To ensure the momentum continues the Government needs to provide an environment where Australia's biotechnology companies have consistency and stability around R&D tax and other incentives," says Michael Cunningham, National Head of Life Sciences, Grant Thornton.
Confidence remains strong
An all-time high of 70 per cent of the companies plan to hire new staff this year, up from 64 per in 2015, and 41 per cent of respondents said the environment was conducive to growing their company compared to only 16 per cent last year.
All eyes on the R&D Tax Incentive
The R&D Tax Incentive remains the most significant Government program for promoting innovation, attracting R&D and encouraging clinical trials to be conducted in Australia.
Smart science needs smart money
Access to capital for companies developing new technologies remains a critical issue. The number of companies planning to raise capital dropped slightly to 40 per cent, down from 48 per cent in 2015.
Policy stability key
The constant reviews, threats, and tweaks to industry support programs are unsettling for biotechnology developers, who have long development cycles - and undermine business confidence.
Download PDF [12174 kb]
Partner & National Head of Technology, Media &... Melbourne
Email address https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-cunningham-57b39814/ Michael Cunningham VCard
Financiers and professional advisers
Corporate & listed companies
Privately Held Business
Insights report


text:
/*
 * File:   ResourceMonitor.h
 * Author: rmartins
 *
 * Created on February 10, 2011, 2:31 PM
 */

#ifndef RESOURCEMONITOR_H
#define	RESOURCEMONITOR_H
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ios>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>

#include <ace/Log_Msg.h>

#include <euryale/threading/Task.h>
#include <sstream>
using std::stringstream;

class ResourceMonitor : Task {
public:
    ResourceMonitor(ACE_Time_Value* sleepTime = 0);
    virtual ~ResourceMonitor();

    void process_mem_usage(double& vm_usage, double& resident_set,double& utime_usage, double& stime_usage);

    virtual int svc_i(void* arg);

    ACE_OSTREAM_TYPE* getOutputStream();
    void logLine(String& line);
    void logLine(const char* line);
    int open(String& filename);
    int open(const char* filename);
    void shutdown();
protected:
    String m_filename;
    bool m_started;
    bool m_closed;
    ACE_OSTREAM_TYPE *m_outputStream;
    ACE_Time_Value m_sleepTime;
    unsigned long m_mem;

    //virtual int close (u_long flags = 0){return 0;}
    void fetchTotalMemory();

    virtual int close (u_long flags = 0){return 0;}
};

#endif	/* RESOURCEMONITOR_H */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Even a tiger can't put out the flames.
To transmute negativity in our life we must look toward what is good in it.
If there is darkness in a room, we can turn on a light.
Before today, I had not known this story when I created this image. To me it is more evidence that the same myths, and archetypes live in our collective knowing.


text:
Q: Value of $\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\prod\limits_{k=3}^n\left(1-\tan^4\frac{\pi}{2^k}\right)=\frac{\pi^3}{m}$ Find the value of m for the following $$\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\prod_{k=3}^n\left(1-\tan^4\frac{\pi}{2^k}\right)=\frac{\pi^3}{m}$$

A: Long, but detailed
$$\prod_{k=3}^n\left(1-\tan^4\frac{\pi}{2^k}\right)=
\prod_{k=3}^n\left(1-\tan^2\frac{\pi}{2^k}\right)\left(1+\tan^2\frac{\pi}{2^k}\right)=\\
\prod_{k=3}^n\left(\frac{\cos^2{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}-\sin^2{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}}{\cos^2{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}}\right)\left(\frac{\cos^2{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}+\sin^2{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}}{\cos^2{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}}\right)\overset{\cos{2x}=\cos^2{x}-\sin^2{x}}{=}\\
\prod_{k=3}^n\frac{\cos{\frac{\pi}{2^{k-1}}}}{\cos^4{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}}=
\frac{\cos{\frac{\pi}{4}}}{\cos{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}}\cdot\prod_{k=3}^n\frac{1}{\cos^3{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}}=\\
\frac{\cos{\frac{\pi}{4}}}{\cos{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}}\cdot\prod_{k=3}^n\frac{\color{red}{\sin^3{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}}}{\color{red}{\sin^3{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}}\cdot\cos^3{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}}\overset{\sin{2x}=2\sin{x}\cos{x}}{=}\\
\frac{\cos{\frac{\pi}{4}}}{\cos{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}}\cdot\prod_{k=3}^n\frac{\sin^3{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}}{\frac{1}{2^3}\cdot\sin^3{\frac{\pi}{2^{k-1}}}}=
2^{3(n-2)}\cdot\frac{\cos{\frac{\pi}{4}}}{\cos{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}}\cdot\prod_{k=3}^n\frac{\sin^3{\frac{\pi}{2^k}}}{\sin^3{\frac{\pi}{2^{k-1}}}}=\\
2^{3(n-2)}\cdot\frac{\cos{\frac{\pi}{4}}}{\cos{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}}\cdot\frac{\sin^3{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}}{\sin^3{\frac{\pi}{4}}}=
2^{3n-5}\cdot\frac{1}{\cos{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}}\cdot\sin^3{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}=\\
\frac{\pi^3}{2^5}\cdot\frac{1}{\cos{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}}\cdot\left(\frac{\sin{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}}{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}\right)^3\to\frac{\pi^3}{2^5}, n\to\infty$$
given that
$$\cos{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}\to \cos{0}=1, n\to\infty$$
and
$$\frac{\sin{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}}{\frac{\pi}{2^n}}\to 1, n\to\infty$$

A: It is possible to find a closed form for your product, if fact we have for any $ k\geq 3 $ :
\begin{aligned}1-\tan^{4}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k}}\right)}&=\frac{1-\tan^{2}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k}}\right)}}{\cos^{2}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k}}\right)}}\\ &=\frac{\cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k-1}}\right)}}{\cos^{4}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k}}\right)}}\\ 1-\tan^{4}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k}}\right)}&=\frac{8\sin^{3}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k}}\right)}}{\sin^{3}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k-1}}\right)}}\times\frac{\cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k-1}}\right)}}{\cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k}}\right)}}\end{aligned}
Thus, if $ n\geq 3 $, then : \begin{aligned}\prod_{k=3}^{n}{\left(1-\tan^{4}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k}}\right)}\right)}&=8^{n-2}\left(\prod_{k=3}^{n}{\frac{\sin^{3}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k}}\right)}}{\sin^{3}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k-1}}\right)}}}\right)^{3}\left(\prod_{k=3}^{n}{\frac{\cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k-1}}\right)}}{\cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{k}}\right)}}}\right)\\ &=2^{3n-5}\frac{\sin^{3}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{n}}\right)}}{\cos{\left(\frac{\pi}{2^{n}}\right)}}\end{aligned}


Guests will be overjoyed with the location of this private quayside development, a 5 minute walk from the town centre and the famous Ffestiniog Railway steam train station. This is rather a special villa with a large living room occupying the whole of the first floor with a superb functional kitchen. The balcony overlooks the harbour and the hills beyond Porthmadog town. There are two bedrooms, a WC and a separate shower room on the ground floor. Enjoy peaceful scenes of bobbing boats from the balcony as the cormorant dries his outstretched wings and swallows skim across the water. Just the place to relax and sit with a pair of binoculars. This is a good central location for a holiday property in North Wales. Easy access to sandy beaches at Borth y Gest (15 min walk) and Morfa Bychan Black Rock Sands (2 mls). Snowdon and the pretty village of Beddgelert are 7 miles away. Portmeirion village, prestigious hotel and gardens are 2 miles away. Cricieth, Caernarfon, Harlech are just a few of the castles in the area.
2 BEDROOMS: Two Double bedrooms on the ground floor. Bed linen and towels provided.
SHOWER ROOM: Large shower cubicle and hand wash basin on the ground floor.
KITCHEN AREA: Fitted modern units with electric cooker, halogen hob, fridge, freezer, microwave and washer dryer. Table with seating for 4 (on the 1st floor).
BALCONY: Balcony with 2 seats. Open balcony not suitable for children under 10 years old.
PARKING: Allocated parking for 1 car. Extra parking available on harbour wall.
HEATING: Night storage heaters downstairs and electric heaters upstairs.
F.A.Q: Access is via a proper front door on the ground floor. The ship's ladder that you can see in some pictures are for decorative purposes only.
Mrs P (October, 2018): "Very pleasant, clean property. It was just as described and is in an ideal location."
Mr M (September, 2018): "Great location, lovely views, well equipped and cosy property."
"Comfortable accommodation with spacious living areas and a modern kitchen with Denby crockery."
Mini-break Rules for this Cottage: A mini-break is a holiday for less than a week and/or may start on a day which isn't the normal changeover day. This property owner will only accept mini-breaks in the holiday season at medium notice of 31 days between before the holiday. Out of season minibreaks (Nov - Easter) are bookable at any time.
The apartment was built in approximately 1965 and has two floors.
Approach is from a private road to a single parking bay adjacent to the property. Additional parking is available at the front of the apartments on the harbour wall. There is a flagged, slightly sloping walkway from the parking bay to the front door providing level access. There is an outside light with switch inside the property.
On the ground floor there is a hallway off which is the shower room, storage area under the stairs and two bedrooms. Lighting in the bedrooms is good with large windows for natural light, overhead and bedside lights. Light switches and electric sockets are at approximately 1500 and 500 mm. respectively.
Stairs which turn to the left lead upstairs to the kitchen, sitting, dining and balcony areas. The kitchen has it's own window and an extractor fan for ventilation. Electric sockets here are at worktop level. This area has natural light from a large balcony window, a window in the dining area and the small kitchen window. There is also plenty of additional lighting from ceiling and side lamps. The sitting area has a remote control television with all standard and Freeview channels A CD player are also provided.
The balcony is accessed through a large sliding door and overlooks the harbour and the Ffestiniog Railway Station is nearby. There are also views to the mountains. Chairs, cushions and a table are provided.


The only team you will ever need for all your product sourcing!
At Production Worx Group we work hard to earn and keep our customers' trust by delivering exceptional, consistent quality and top-notch products from our distributors.
We're committed to providing the best customer service possible. In order to meet this promise, we vow to only hire friendly, positive people that share our core values, passion for helping others and obsession with customer service.
Reliability is another key consideration for choosing suppliers. At Production Worx Group we deliver the right products on time, as described.
Select from our featured product categories. If you do not find the product that you are looking for please call or email us.
Production Worx Group has customer service that can't be beat. They offer competitive pricing on office products. We appreciate their personal touch and the many tools that helps us keep track of what our locations are purchasing.
I would like to share how wonderful it is to work with Production Worx Group. The company is extremely reliable, and responsive to anything I have asked of them. Our representative lets me know what is new, and helps me keep track of what I have purchased in the past to compare prices and quality. It is an enjoyable experience working with the Production Worx Group I would recommend them to anyone in need of supplies for their company.


Get Tarot Reading with Tarot Reader Zidane. Pin number 344756. Over 6 years experience. With a Thoughtful style, you can get your answers to love, career, finances and more. Zidane speaks Lithuanian. Originally from Lithuania.


Mission Statement: Unified Homeowners of Illinois Federal Credit Union is an federal credit union whose philosophy is to deliver sound financial information and services that help Illinois homeowners maintain and improve their homes.
Unified Homeowners of Illinois was chartered in February 2006.
Unified Homeowners' of Illinois Federal Credit Union (UH of IL FCU) provides personal, "people-focused" services and small loans to homeowners throughout Illinois. In addition to credit union-related offerings, its hallmark deliverables includes budgeting, property tax assistance, debt settlement assistance, and notary services, among other offerings. Unlike large, impersonal financial institutions, UH of IL FCU knows each of its members by name, taking a personal interest in each individual's financial requirements. It's therefore able to tailor services and solutions to best meet members' specific goals.
Teresa V. Rosado: An 11-year veteran of Unified Homeowners of Illinois, Inc., and manager of Unified Homeowners of Illinois FCU, Teresa Rosado has leveraged a banking and accounting background to provide credit counseling, family budgeting, debt repayment and related credit counseling expertise and services to homeowner members.
Thomas O.Walker: Unified Homeowners' Association of Illinois Inc. President Thomas O. Walker founded the homeowners association in 2004, and has sponsored Unified Homeowners of Illinois Federal Credit Union (UH of IL FCU) since 2005. A 1976 graduate of the University of Texas, with a Bachelors Degree in Business Administration, Mr. Walker has a wealth of banking, real estate and insurance-related expertise, combined with knowledge achieved through a variety of key industry related professional memberships. He's also been accredited as a Senior Mortgage Consultant and Certified Mortgage Specialist, and achieved Mortgage Banker 101 Certification. Mr. Walker also holds a residential mortgage license as a loan officer, also providing residential home mortgages through UH of IL FCU.


text:
Kellyanne Conway's Stand-Up Act is Here, and It's Horrible (Video)
Written by Alexander Kacala on January 25, 2017
Before she was Kellyanne Conway, she was Kellyanne Fitzpatrick. And in 1998, long before she was employed by the Donald Trump campaign, she did some stand-up for a children's charity. It's pretty much like a car crash, really horrible but you can't help but look.
The video begins with a lot of name dropping. We are guessing these are important Republicans or something. She goes to make a lot of jokes, including admitting she is a lawyer. This wasn't meant to be a joke, but after watching her lie on behalf of Trump time and time again, we think this is the funniest part of the whole bit.
One good joke she makes but doesn't quite land is, "I think if all of Larry King's ex-wives watching his show, his ratings would triple. That's how few people watch his show."
One commenter writes, "Oh there is no doubt that comedy is hard and doing one for a custom charity would be hard… but I'm sorry, there is no comedic talent in her. The jokes weren't good, the delivery was awful and, just like today, she is unable to make you believe she actually believes what she's saying. Judging on this, even if she had a year to work on this set it'd still suck."
Oh yeah, she also sings. This is pure, pure gold. Almost as gold as the Cheeto dust on the sheets in Donald Trump's bed.
Watch the horrible, horrendous and awful video below:
Maybe SNL was right. Maybe she does want a career on the stage:
Donald Trump Kellyanne Conway Republicans
Kathy Griffin Earns 10s Across the Board for a Pitch-Perfect Kellyanne Conway Impersonation
5 Things Kathy Griffin Will Have to Nail to Accurately Portray Kellyanne Conway on Comedy Central
Kathy Griffin's New Video Accuses Andy Cohen of Cocaine Use and Harvey Levin of Trumpism
Kathy Griffin Called Andy Cohen Out to Illustrate a 'Misogynistic Double Standard' in Hollywood


text:
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Income tax may need to rise if Irish economy grows too quickly, warns IFAC
- 0 Comment(s)
Income taxes may need to increase if the economy overheats, the Irish Fiscal Advisory Council (IFAC) has warned.
While there is still headroom in the fast-growing economy, the watchdog says, plans to ramp up capital spending and increase the construction of new homes could soon eat up any remaining capacity.
While the IFAC is generally positive about the economic outlook, it believes that off-setting potential risks of overheating would require a more robust economic plan, according to the Irish Examiner. It says the government should be prepared to take money out of the economy by foregoing any planned tax cuts and increasing personal taxes.
Any large rise in the construction of new homes could generate huge revenues from employment taxes on builders and Value-added tax on home sales. The IFAC says the government should be encouraged to put aside this extra cash because spending tax revenues generated by the 'tax-rich' business of building and selling homes to fuel the economy further increases overheating risks;
The IFAC believes some slack remains in the economy, but it is close to capacity and the so-called output gap is narrowing. The watchdog is also concerned about where building workers will come from to build the 25,000-plus homes each year that are needed to eliminate housing shortages;
Plans to increase capital expenditure would mean that Ireland's spending on capital projects could jump from one of the lowest levels in the European Union (EU) during the financial crisis to the highest by 2022;
If the economy does continue to grow strongly, the IFAC says, the Department of Finance should redesign its proposed 'rainy day fund' and lift the funding cap of up to €500 million (US$590) a year to help absorb excess resources. The watchdog also echoed concerns outlined in an EU staff report last week over Ireland's reliance on potentially unstable taxes on commercial property transactions;
The increase in stamp duty to 6% from 2% announced in October has helped Ireland adhere to EU fiscal rules by offsetting other spending increases. The government aims to raise €376 million (US$444) a year from the tax.
Relying on corporation tax generated by multinationals is also risky, the IFAC warns. Corporation tax receipts have climbed to almost €16 billion (US$19 billion), or 16% of all government revenues. Using conventional economic measures, Irish debt shrank to only 63.7% of gross domestic product (GDP) in relation to government revenue in 2016. But using a new method of measuring the size of the Irish economy in the shape of 'modified gross national income' rather than GDP, Ireland has the fourth highest debt levels among the advanced economies of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Emma Woollacott is a freelance business journalist. Her work has appeared in a wide range of publications, including the Guardian, the Times, Forbes and the BBC.
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The team behind McVities asked us to create a film for a global conference that brought their product to life and engaged the delegates; but crucially – didn't link biscuits to tea drinking.
We set out to create a fun and witty film that would put a smile on the faces of everyone in the audience. We created a story about the extreme lengths people will go to for a McVities biscuit, which we feel speaks for itself.


text:
International /
Arbitration in France: Law and Practice
This is a treatise and commentary on French arbitration law including the updates brought in by the 2011 Decree. It follows the logical structure of the new decree itself, providing detailed analysis of both domestic and international arbitration law conducted under French arbitral procedure. Learn More
Careers in Criminal Justice and Criminology
This book provides a thorough and directed focus on successfully identifying, obtaining and succeeding in a career in criminal justice or criminology. Learn More
Intellectual Property and the Law of Ideas
Ideas are the fuel of industry and the entertainment business. Likewise, manufacturers receive suggestions for new products or improvements to existing products, and retailers frequently receive ideas for new marketing campaigns. Learn More
Criminal Law: Historical, Ethical, and Moral Foundations
Criminal Law: Historical, Ethical, and Moral Foundations, 3rd edition, blends legal and moral reasoning in the examination of crimes and explores the history relating to jurisprudence and roots of criminal law. Learn More
Publication date 30 December 2022
Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals
This volume emphasizes the consequential nature of secondary rules of international law (such as attribution, causality, and the standard and burden of proof) and argues that the outcome of litigation is fundamentally shaped by the exact standard of proof, standard of review, or attribution basis that is chosen by adjudicators. Learn More
Black Iconography and Colonial (re)production at the ICC: (In)dependence Cha Cha Cha?
This book explores the reproduction of colonialism at the International Criminal Court (ICC), and examines International criminal law (ICL) vs the Black body through an immersive format of Art, Music, Poetry, and Architecture and post-colonial/critical race theory lens. Learn More
Evidence in International Criminal Procedure: A Commentary
Redfern and Hunter on International Arbitration (Hardback + LawReader pack)
The seventh edition of the leading commentary on international commercial arbitration. This is an essential guide for arbitrators, lawyers, professors, and students. Learn More
Redfern and Hunter on International Arbitration
The World Bank's Lawyers: The Life of International Law as Institutional Practice
The World Bank's Lawyers gives an original socio-legal account of the evolving institutional life of international law. It tells the previously untold story of the World Bank's legal department. This is a story of people and the practices they cling to and how these practices gain traction, or fail to do so, in an international bureaucracy. Learn More
Treatise on International Criminal Law: Volume II: The Crimes and Sentencing
This new edition provides extensive coverage of recent development in the 'Special Part' of international criminal law: specific crimes and sentencing. Particular attention has been paid in this new edition to sexual and gender-based crimes, environmental crimes, the ICC Statute's newly-introduced war crimes, and cyber attacks. Learn More
The Jurisprudence of Constitutional Conflict in the European Union
A comparative and comprehensive account of the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict between the Court of Justice and national courts with the power of constitutional review. This monograph addresses the incidences of, and reasons for, constitutional clashes in the application and enforcement of EU law. Learn More


Pencils Down, Pass the Remote: Can the Muppets host the Oscars?
Can the Muppets host the Oscars?
Now that Brett Ratner has left his post as the producer of the 2011 Academy Awards as a result of his generally Ratner-esque behavior, the show is in the market for a new host. (Previously announced host Eddie Murphy dropped out after Ratner's resignation.) And a new group of candidates have thrown their hats into the newly empty ring. These candidates, like Murphy, have been out of the spotlight for many years and, also like Murphy, are poised for a comeback in the wake of a new movie. Unlike Murphy, tey are made of felt.
That's right; a Facebook campaign called The Muppets Should Host the 2011 Oscars has sprung to argue that, well, the Muppets should host the 2011 Oscars. How likely this movement is to succeed is questionable - other hypothetical candidates include Tom Hanks and Steve Martin, and having the Muppets as hosts would probably be technically difficult to coordinate - but I would be very excited if this development were to occur. And someone else would too.
Update: Billy Crystal just announced via Twitter that he will be hosting the 2012 Oscars. While the LA Times noted, fairly hilariously, that the tweet in question was "construed [by some] as a joke," it appears this is actually happening. While Crystal is a solid, funny awards-show host, I'm a little disappointed that the Muppets were taken out of the running so early.
"Unlike Murphy, they are made of felt."
Hee. You forgot "Unlike Murphy, they are hilarious and talented."
Eddie Murphy used to be hilarious, and remains talented when he feels like it. Watch "Dreamgirls" if you don't believe me.


Thanks to the Alchemy Café's 100%-local "alchesmoothie" Suzanne and her family had a rare — and welcome — chance to get out to a restaurant. Photo by Florian Boulais.
One thing that's especially difficult about eating 100% locally is the difficulty socializing outside of one's own home — like meeting someone for 'coffee,' or going out for lunch or supper.
Sophia Ashenhurst's creativity at Dawson City's Alchemy Café, on a busy Discovery Days weekend, allowed Suzanne and family to 'go out' for the first time since they started their completely-local diet.
Instead of going out for coffee (the Alchemy is famous for its delicious coffee), the family went out for smoothies — 100%-local "alchesmoothies".
The 100%-local alchemsoothie consists of: carrot juice, kale, steamed swiss chard, haskaps and rasperries. Yumm! And for those who didn't want a smoothie there's a tall glass of carrot-celery juice — all from completely locally-grown Dawson City vegetables and berries. Delicious!
Thanks to the creativity of the Alchemy Café, the possibility was opened up of going out — guilt free. So if you see Suzanne or her family sipping on a tall glass at the Alchemy, they are not actually 'cheating' — they are drinking out 100% locally.
The Alchemy Café supports sustainable living and farming practices. The café uses as many organic ingredients as possible. In the summer, The Alchemy sources as much local, chemical free produce as possible from Dawson's local farmers. The café also offers several gluten-free options, even in sweets and baked goods. They have a sizeable selection of smoothies, protein shakes, iced drinks, and fresh juice, but are perhaps best known for their cornucopia of coffee drinks — all fair-trade organic coffee from the local Yukon roaster Bean North Coffee Roasting Co.


Body is made of electrostatically painted metal. Pan supports and burner are made of rust-proof magnetic metal. A classic device.
Body is made of electrostatically painted or rust-proof metal. Pan supports and burner are made of rust-proof magnetical metal. A compact and functional device.
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text:
Entertainment is helping to bridge the gap between man and knowledge about the universe
Understanding science as one more element of culture is complicated for us. Throughout history, scientific and technological research and development have been erroneously elevated to a form that we conceive as an abstraction.
And it is from here that science is understood as a restrictive entity to which only great minds can have access. This is treated as a barrier to human progress. Great minds, applying the pragmatic standards that govern and are proven, are not necessarily reliable tools for standardizing reasoning models.
For this reason, the world of science has been, throughout modern history, restricted to a specific niche that seems to guard its productive cycle with suspicion as if it were magic gadgets.
The truth is that science is just one more block of the many that give shape to what we call life. The latter's definition is not generalized. For this reason and with the understanding that its very nature distances it from the great audiences, it is possible to make a space for it in the same channels of dissemination that other cultural elements use.
Amid this diatribe, certain characters have existed who continue to bridge the gap between science and its accessibility for the common man. Such characters will continue to exist, who put all their effort into trying to reconcile both positions.
Under the name of scientific popularizers, names like Carl Sagan, Brian Green, Stephen Hawking, or the one that concerns us today, Neil Degrasse Tyson, they navigate discordantly among the vast collective cultural references.
If we asked why some of us have known Neil Degrasse Tyson, the answers would vary as the sectors, age ranges, and even genders that our survey covers. An icon of the geek culture of the new millennium and a character capable of polarizing opinions, something little seen for a man who comes from the purest science, Tyson is today one of those unclassifiable figures who attract reflections and whose opinion is a mandatory reference when speaking of the reason it is about.
As strange as this sounds, it was jokingly virtualized from the social network Facebook. However, what brought it to a much wider audience was the relaunch of the extraordinary television series Cosmos initially launched in the eighties by Carl Sagan and released in the second version in 2014 with Neil Degrasse Tyson.
From there, his image has become the inescapable link between science and pop culture. His pleasant personality and charisma, accompanied by his particular vision on topics such as human intelligence or the incompatible ties between faith and reason, attract equally people involved in the world of science and all those who, in principle, would not have an interest in these questions.
Similarly, we have Billy Carson, with long attributes of being an inventor, author, visionary leader, and philanthropist. If we have had reputable names in the past who brought scientific knowledge in the limelight and form available and accessible to all, we also have Carson's example.
Carson is an expert in knowledge about ancient civilizations and aerospace history. Being a best-selling author, he holds a Certificate in Applied Neuroscience from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Now utilizing is knowledge of the cosmic world, universe, and neuroscience, Billy Carson has developed a streaming platform called "4biddenknowledge". As the term suggests, the TV network streams cosmic knowledge and programs based on the universe's knowledge.
The streaming platform remains an absolute sensation among enthusiasts of the universe's neuroscience, aerospace, cosmology, and languages. "I have developed a streaming TV network that is designed to teach people about themselves and the universe. That my mission is to bring humanity together and to teach people that we must love one another unconditionally to advance as a civilization on this planet," shares Billy Carson.
Knowledge about the universe and outer space helps us understand life and universal affairs that transcend us. The entire universe is as dense as one can imagine, with NASA and other space exploration and research institutions only exploring a minute level of outer space.
Much lies there, and concerning the theories relating to the truth about the universe, the universal language, the universal mind, our curious minds are constantly inquiring questions and edging closer to the reality of life and the universe.
Click here to read the article on VK.
CONGRESS INTRODUCES A CRYPTO BILL BANNING FEDERAL RESERVE
First PIG-TO-HUMAN HEART TRANSPLANT
COINBASE GIVES EMPLOYEES 4 WEEKS OF "RECHARGE" TIME OFF A YEAR


text:
Q: Как записать и считать файл из FilesDir Добрый день.
Вроде как, если я правильно читал, то у директории
data/data/my_app/files

есть права на запись и чтение.
Но когда я пытаюсь записать что либо в файл, то вылазит ошибка null.
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(getApplicationContext().getFilesDir()+"/file.json");
byte a[] = "aaa".getBytes();
fos.write(a);
fos.close();

Как можно записывать и считывать файлы оттуда?
Спасибо.
A: Судя по документации, функция getFilesDir() имеет тип возвращаемого значения File
Соответственно в строке

getApplicationContext().getFilesDir()+"/file.json"

идет преобразование типа File к String, а это помоему не гарантирует того, что тип File будет после этого как раз нужной директорией
Попробуйте так:
getFilesDir().getPath()
A: Всё очень просто:
For example:
      String FILENAME = "hello_file";
      String string = "hello world!";

      FileOutputStream fos = openFileOutput(FILENAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
      fos.write(string.getBytes());
      fos.close();

Источник : Using the Internal Storage (developer.android.com)
Читать вообще-то есть много вариантов погугли на эту тему. Один из вариантов:
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
             openFileInput(FILENAME)));
        String string = "";
        String buf;
        while ((buf = br.readLine()) != null) {
            string += buf;
        }


Well I'm DominatrixChris. 170, 45 kg, bisexual—sounds good doesn't it? What would you like for me to do for you? When my finger is wet with your juices I'm going to slide it slowly into your velvet hole.
Copyright lovelyandcozy.com © 2019 - DominatrixChris. All rights Reserved.


text:
Host your own virtual karaoke party: 'A cell phone and a laptop and you can do it'
Karaoke bars are closed during the pandemic, but an area musician with a background in IT is bringing the joy of belting out your favorite tune online.
Author: Brittany Falkers
Published: 6:27 PM PST January 11, 2021
Updated: 6:27 PM PST January 11, 2021
NEWPORT, Ore — Karaoke wasn't always Toby Loftus's cup of melodic tea.
"I used to hate karaoke. I used to be a hater," he confessed.
About 10 years ago, the viola player with the Newport Symphony changed his tune.
"After concerts in Newport, for example, we'd go in our dress blacks, formal blacks into this total dive bar and sing karaoke," Loftus said.
He and friends would sing their hearts out at least every two weeks, but the pandemic put an end to that. Sharing a mic doesn't lend itself to slowing the spread.
Not only was his stress reliever put on pause, but, at the time, he was also out of a job.
"When the pandemic hit, I was actually unemployed," he said. "And so, it was really tough, ya know, I had some really tough and dark periods."
With music gigs coming to a screeching halt, Loftus needed a creative outlet.
"I was thinking, there's got to be a way that we can do karaoke online," he said.
The musician with a background in IT was right. He figured out how to make it work, virtually.
"Through trial and error, we've kind of cracked the code," Loftus said. "Some people have a cell phone and a laptop or a tablet and a PC."
Since May, Loftus has hosted a virtual karaoke party every two weeks for friends new and old, from near and far.
"You might think that watching people on screen through headphones or signing to a microphone and camera would feel impersonal, but several people have remarked how surprisingly intimate the experience is," he said.
Genres, skill levels, and even the locations of singers are all over the place.
"Sometimes it's hilarious, you're laughing until you're almost crying and sometimes, you're trying because you're so moved by the beauty and depth of emotion that people are sharing," he said.
It's not just karaoke, singing along to words on a screen, he invites you to join in with instruments too.
I really miss karaoke! And I'm not alone. A local man is making it easier for everyone to host their own parties ONLINE!
The joy of judgment-free performances had me breaking out the guitar for this one. Catch the full story on @KGWNews at 4 and 7 p.m. pic.twitter.com/7y2WgUFCOO
— Brittany Falkers (@BrittanyFalkers) January 11, 2021
The joy of judgment-free performances is something Loftus couldn't keep to himself. So, he created this website to teach you how.
"This is bigger than me. So, I thought, 'I want to share this,'" he said. "I'm trying to share the gospel of online karaoke."
The bliss of sharing your talents, making a fool of yourself, and singing along to your favorite tunes. That's what karaoke is all about. Even online, it transcends the restrictions of a virus that's kept us apart, making us all feel a little closer together.
"I think people might be intimidated when they see the website because I'm pretty detailed, but bottom line; a cell phone and a laptop and you can do it," he said.
Tech to make virtual duets happen is tricky, but Loftus is starting to crack that code too. So, stay tuned for that next venture.
Learn how you can host your own virtual karaoke nights at howtodoonlinekaraoke.wordpress.com.
Neil Young becomes latest artist to sell stake in his songs
Dr. Dre: 'I'm doing great' after reported brain aneurysm
A record 39 holiday songs dominate Billboard Hot 100 chart


text:
The U.S. "official" infatuation with Kenya, in numbers
Posted on October 28, 2013 by Ken
I've spent some time looking at "Official Development Assistance" ("ODA") numbers for Africa to test my perception that the U.S. seems, for some reason that is hard to pin down, to give an inordinate amount of "development" money to Kenya.
Monkeys at play on UN vehicle
Sure enough. Going through the ODA summaries by country from the OECD, for each of 47 countries in continental Africa, we find plenty of verification of this. The U.S. is the leading bilateral ODA donor for 25 of the 47, including Kenya (Kenya's number two donor is Japan). Kenya is the number three recipient of bilateral ODA from the U.S. for a 2010-2011 annual average (the most recent listing) of $642M, behind only the Democratic Republic of Congo at $1,053M and Ethipia at $791M.
On a per capita basis this is $15.53 for DRC, $15.43 for Kenya and $9.34 for Ethiopia. What about "need" based on poverty? PIn the DRC the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is $190; in Ethiopia $400. Kenya, on the other hand, has a GNI per capita of $820, more than double that of Ethiopia and well more than four times that of the DRC.
Across the continent as a whole, Kenya ranks ninth in per capita U.S. ODA. Three countries of those getting more per capita are special cases: Liberia and South Sudan, post-conflict states where the U.S. has a special historic relationship and responsibility relating to the founding of the country itself and Libya, an immediate post-conflict situation where the U.S. government was instrumental in supporting the removal of the prior regime. All of the recipients ahead of Kenya except for the DRC have relatively small populations.
Among the five countries of the East African Community, Kenya receives both the largest amount and the most per capita in ODA from the U.S., even though its GNI per capita is by far the largest:
Country GNI Per Capita U.S. Bilateral ODA Per Capita Rank/Reference
Burundi $250 $48M $5.58 2 (1-Belgium 161M)
Kenya $820 $642M $15.43 1 (2-Japan $139M)
Tanzania $540 $546M $10.74 1 (2-UK $219M)
Rwanda $570 $167M $15.32 1 (2-UK $121M)
Uganda $510 $388M $11.24 1 (2-UK $163M)
And a sampling of other countries of interest:
Somalia —- $90M $9.38 2 (2-UK $107M)
C.A.R. $470 $16M $3.56 3 (1-France $29M)
Malawi $340 $140M $9.69 1 (2-UK $126M)
Mali $610 $232M $14.68 1 (2-Canada $106M)
Niger $360 $97M $6.02 1 (2-France $56M)
Chad $690 $124M $10.75 1 (2-France 45M)
Kenya changes everything (staceyvalley.wordpress.com)
WADA frustrated with Kenya doping probe (sbs.com.au)
U.S. quietly ramping up military presence in Africa (thehindu.com)
Four out of the Five Members of the East African Community are among the 20 USAID "'Feed the Future' Focus Countries
In "agriculture"
Millennium Challenge Corporation releases country scores for FY 2011 eligibility determinations
In "corruption"
East Africa ranks fourth of five regions in 2011 Mo Ibrahim Foundation Governance Rankings–Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya each move up from 2010
In "Development in Africa"
This entry was posted in African Studies, Development in Africa, DRC, East African Community, Kenya, Libya, Poverty, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda, UK, US and tagged Africa, aid, Democratic Republic of Congo, development, development assistance, East Africa, inequality, Kenya, Poverty, Rwanda, Uganda, United States by Ken. Bookmark the permalink.
1 thought on "The U.S. "official" infatuation with Kenya, in numbers"
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text:
EA: "It's conceivable PC will become our biggest platform"
"Retail may be a problem but PC downloads are awesome" - Gibeau
News by Alec Meer Contributor
EA Games president Frank Gibeau has suggested that the publisher's future may lie in PC gaming.
"The user base is gigantic," he told Gamasutra. "PC retail may be a big problem, but PC downloads are awesome.
"The margins are much better and we don't have any rules in terms of first party approvals. From our perspective, it's an extremely healthy platform. It's totally conceivable it will become our biggest platform."
Facebook and the upcoming MMO Star Wars: The Old Republic are perhaps the vanguards of this, but Gibeau also referenced free to play games for the Chinese market. "If you look at the way people play in Asia, PC is the model. I think that free to play model is coming to the West in a big way."
Gibeau echoed comments regularly made by EA CEO John Ricitiello about the publisher's possible resurgence coming via digital sales. "I really feel good about where we are at EA these days. There's a lot of transition going on in this industry and we're really well positioned for that.
"We feel like we're on the offensive. We're moving from a fire-and-forget packaged goods model to an online services model."
EA recently revealed plans to open a new multinational strategy games studio, Victory, which will relaunch its Command & Conquer IP.
Alec Meer
A 10-year veteran of scribbling about video games, Alec primarily writes for Rock, Paper, Shotgun, but given any opportunity he will escape his keyboard and mouse ghetto to write about any and all formats.


I will be tying on Friday 4th, Saturday 5th and Sunday 6th of March, at the GAC Open Weekend, a great event at the fishing mega store. Check out the website for opening hours, special events and offers.
I will be tying from 08:00 until 17:30 each day and answering questions on dry fly patterns so please pop in for a chat, you'll find me on the fly tyers row.


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While, MISERDEN RAVELLO (Princess Flo) produced a 26 dressage and also jumped double clear in her first BE100, adding just a few time faults to her score to drop us into 4th. She is AWESOME!


text:
Q: Legal potentials on delzant polytopes Let $P \subset \mathbb R^n$ be a Delzant polytope defined by inequalities $\ell_i(x) \geq 0, i=1, \ldots, d$.
Of course, from the symplectic point of view, the inequalities $a_i \ell_i \geq 0$ still define the same polytope for all positive real $a_i$.
What I wonder is the following. Does the function $g: P \rightarrow \mathbb R$ (up to affine terms)
$$
g(x) = \sum_{i=1}^d (a_i \ell_i(x) \log \ell_i(x)) + h(x)
$$
with $h$ smooth on $P$ define a compatible complex structure on $P$, no matter what the $a_i>0$ are?
Or are legal potentials only the ones where the $\ell_i(x)$ are of the form $\langle x, \mu_i \rangle - \lambda_i$ where $\mu_i$ is a primitive element of the integral lattice and points to the interior of the $i$-th face?
thank you
David

A: Yes, but it might be singular. For instance, if $a_i = 1/\beta_i$, then the potential $u$ corresponds to a conical K\"ahler metric with cone angles $2\pi\beta_i$ along the divisor corresponding to the face $[l_i=0]$. In particular if you take $a_i$ to be an integer it will correspond to an orbifold structure.


text:
Städte und Gemeinden in Deutschland haben gemäß der jeweiligen Landesfeuerwehrgesetze einen Brandschutzbedarfsplan, Feuerwehrbedarfsplan oder Gefahrenabwehrbedarfsplan zu erstellen und diesen in regelmäßigen Abständen fortzuschreiben. Darin wird auf der Grundlage der örtlichen Gefahren das zur Gefahrenabwehr benötigte Potenzial an Feuerwehr ermittelt.

Definition
Für den örtlichen Brandschutz und die Hilfeleistung sind die Städte und Gemeinden zuständig. Sie haben eine den örtlichen Gegebenheiten angemessene kommunale Feuerwehr zu unterhalten. Mithilfe eines Brandschutzbedarfsplans werden sowohl der Umfang als auch die räumliche Verteilung von feuerwehrtechnischen Einsatzmitteln sowie die Mindestzahl an verfügbaren Einsatzkräften in der Gebietskörperschaft festgelegt. Teil der Brandschutzbedarfsplanung ist auch die Festlegung eines in der jeweiligen Stadt oder Gemeinde gültigen und einzuhaltenden Schutzziels.

Vorgehensweise bei der Brandschutzbedarfsplanung
Der Brandschutzbedarfsplan einer Kommune wird in der Regel von Feuerwehr und Verwaltung erstellt und anschließend vom Gemeinderat beschlossen. Bei mittleren bis großen Städten und Gemeinden geschieht dies oft unter Mitwirken eines externen Beraters oder Ingenieurbüros.

Im Rahmen der Brandschutzbedarfsplanung wird meist eine Gefahren- oder Risikoanalyse für das Gebiet erstellt in dem der Bedarfsplan seine Gültigkeit hat. Sie liefert gemeinsam mit den topografischen und siedlungsstrukturellen Gegebenheiten die Grundlage für eine angemessene Dimensionierung der Feuerwehr. Berücksichtigt werden sowohl die Einsatzmittel und -kräfte als auch Anzahl und Lage der Feuerwehrstandorte im Gebiet. Die Erreichbarkeit des Gemeindegebietes durch die Feuerwehr kann anhand von Realbefahrungen unter Einsatzbedingungen (mit Sondersignal) oder Isochronenkartierungen ermittelt werden.

Dem Soll-Gefahrenabwehrpotenzial wird das vorhandene Ist-Gefahrenabwehrpotenzial gegenübergestellt um eventuelle Defizite herauszufinden und diese durch gezielte Maßnahmen zu beheben. In der Regel resultieren daraus Ersatzbeschaffungen von Einsatzmitteln, Anpassungen im Personal- bzw. Mitgliederbestand, Erneuerung und Erweiterung von Einrichtungen der Feuerwehr aber auch Neugründung und Schließungen von Feuerwehrstandorten.

Im Rahmen der Brandschutzbedarfsplanung wird in der Regel auch ein Schutzziel für die Gebietskörperschaft definiert. Darin wird festgelegt mit wievielen Kräften und innerhalb welcher Hilfsfrist die Feuerwehr an der Einsatzstelle eintreffen soll. Der Erreichungsgrad des Schutzziels gibt einen Hinweis zur Leistungsfähigkeit einer örtlichen Feuerwehr. Von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Leiter der Berufsfeuerwehren (AGBF) wurde ein Schutzziel für deutsche Großstädte erarbeitet, das mittlerweile als anerkannte Regel der Technik angesehen wird.

Die Situation in ausgewählten Ländern
Es gibt unterschiedliche Herangehens- und Verfahrensweisen in den verschiedenen Bundesländern. Der Deutsche Städtetag empfiehlt die Handreichung zur Brandschutzbedarfsplanung für kommunale Entscheidungsträger des Landes NRW. Die Städte und Gemeinden sind jedoch nicht grundsätzlich an ein bestimmtes Muster gebunden.

Bayern
Von der Staatlichen Feuerwehrschule in Bayern wurde ein Merkblatt zur Feuerwehrbedarfsplanung herausgegeben.

Brandenburg
Es gibt für die Städte und Gemeinden im Land Brandenburg Hinweise und Empfehlungen zur Durchführung einer Gefahren- und Risikoanalyse und Erstellung eines Gefahrenabwehrbedarfsplanes, die von der Landesschule und Technische Einrichtung für Brand- und Katastrophenschutz veröffentlicht wurden.

Hessen
Das bereits im Dezember 2002 vom Nassauischen Feuerwehrverband erarbeitete und vom Landesfeuerwehrverband Hessen übernommene Konzept für die Erstellung des im Land Hessen gesetzlich geforderten Bedarfs- und Entwicklungsplans wurde von den Spitzenverbänden der hessischen Kommunen einhellig begrüßt. Diese nun von allen Seiten anerkannte Ausarbeitung wurde über die Kreisfeuerwehrverbände den im nassauischen Verbandsgebiet bestehenden 141 Städten und Gemeinden in Form einer CD-ROM übergeben.

Nordrhein-Westfalen
Für die Städte und Gemeinden im Land Nordrhein-Westfalen wurden vom Landesfeuerwehrverband NRW (VdF), dem Städte- und Gemeindebund Nordrhein-Westfalen sowie dem Ministerium für Inneres und Kommunales des Landes NRW verschiedene Empfehlungen und Handreichungen zur Bedarfsplanung ausgearbeitet.

Schleswig-Holstein
Im Land Schleswig-Holstein können alle für die Bedarfsplanung relevanten Informationen auf einer Internetseite der Landesfeuerwehrschule Schleswig-Holstein eingegeben werden, um das notwendige Gefahrenabwehrpotenzial zu ermitteln. Die Gefahren in einer Gemeinde ergeben einen Punktwert, dem ein gleich hoher Punktwert an Einsatzmitteln gegenübergestellt werden soll.

Siehe auch

 Feuerwehrgesetz
 Hilfsfrist
 Schutzziel

Einzelnachweise

Feuerwehr (Deutschland)
Brandschutz (Deutschland)


Star Wars: Clone Wars (ZigZag, 2008). One Sheet (27" X 40"). Animation.
Starring Matt Lanter, Ashley Eckstein, James Arnold Taylor, Dee Bradley Baker, and Tom Kane. Directed by Dave Filoni. An unrestored poster with bright color and a clean overall appearance. It may have general signs of use, such as edge wear, pinholes, or very minor tears. From the collection of John L. Williams, noted Star Wars collector. Please see full-color, enlargeable image below for more details. Rolled, Very Fine.


text:
Q: CSV string to JSON in Python Im retrieving a report from the google adwords api as string which contains csv (using downloadReportAsString). I want to convert this to JSON, only all
the converters expect a csv file type but mine is currently a string.
How do I get the string to csv file? I read something about stringIO.
I'm using python 3

A: By using io.StringIO you can use the normal csv readers and then dump it out to json.
>>> import csv, io, json
>>>
>>> string = """a,b,c
... 1,2,3
... 4,5,6
... """
>>>
>>> reader = csv.DictReader(io.StringIO(string))
>>>
>>> json_data = json.dumps(list(reader))
>>> json_data
'[{"a": "1", "b": "2", "c": "3"}, {"a": "4", "b": "5", "c": "6"}]'


text:
Q: Sorting a Dictionary of dictioneris by some values and key I am trying to sort a dictionary of dictionaries by two values, 'Points' and 'win', then by the key. I can sort it based on 'Points' and 'win' like bellow but how can I sort it by the name as well?
my_dic = {
    'Iran': {'Points': 4, 'win': 1, 'lose': 1, 'drawes': 1, 'diffrence': 0},
    'Spain': {'Points': 5, 'win': 1, 'lose': 0, 'drawes': 2, 'diffrence': 2},
    'Portugal': {'Points': 4, 'win': 1, 'lose': 1, 'drawes': 1, 'diffrence': 0},
    'Morocco': {'Points': 3, 'win': 1, 'lose': 2, 'drawes': 0, 'diffrence': -2}
}

result = collections.OrderedDict(sorted(my_dic.items(),key = lambda x: (x[1]['Points'],x[1]['win']), reverse = True) )

Output:

OrderedDict([
    ('Spain', {'Points': 5, 'win': 1, 'lose': 0, 'drawes': 2, 'diffrence': 2}),
    ('Iran', {'Points': 4, 'win': 1, 'lose': 1, 'drawes': 1, 'diffrence': 0}),
    ('Portugal', {'Points': 4, 'win': 1, 'lose': 1, 'drawes': 1, 'diffrence': 0}),
    ('Morocco', {'Points': 3, 'win': 1, 'lose': 2, 'drawes': 0, 'diffrence': -2})
])

my code already sorts the dict based on 'Points' and 'win'. But I expect the dict is sorted based on the keys, Iran, Spain, Portugal, Moroco, when the 'Points' and 'win' are equal.
Any help is appreciated.

A: This will do:
sorted_keys = sorted(my_dic, key=lambda x: (my_dic[x]['Points'], my_dic[x]['win'], x),
                     reverse=True)
print([(key, my_dic[key]) for key in sorted_keys])

Output:

[('Spain', {'Points': 5, 'diffrence': 2, 'drawes': 2, 'lose': 0, 'win': 1}),
 ('Portugal', {'Points': 4, 'diffrence': 0, 'drawes': 1, 'lose': 1, 'win': 1}),
 ('Iran', {'Points': 4, 'diffrence': 0, 'drawes': 1, 'lose': 1, 'win': 1}),
 ('Morocco', {'Points': 3, 'diffrence': -2, 'drawes': 0, 'lose': 2, 'win': 1})]

A: Here is the solution:
result = collections.OrderedDict(sorted(my_dic.items(),key = lambda x: (-x[1]['Points'], -x[1]['win'], x[0])) )

That being said if you are sorting a dict... you probably shouldn't be using a dict...
Consider instead using something like a namedtuple.
from collections import namedtuple
my_dic = {
    'Iran': {'Points': 4, 'win': 1, 'lose': 1, 'drawes': 1, 'diffrence': 0},
    'Spain': {'Points': 5, 'win': 1, 'lose': 0, 'drawes': 2, 'diffrence': 2},
    'Portugal': {'Points': 4, 'win': 1, 'lose': 1, 'drawes': 1, 'diffrence': 0},
    'Morocco': {'Points': 3, 'win': 1, 'lose': 2, 'drawes': 0, 'diffrence': -2}
}
Country = namedtuple("Country", "name stats")
Stats = namedtuple("Stats", "points win lose drawes difference")
countries = []
for key, value in my_dic.items():
    temp_stat = Stats(value["Points"], value["win"], value["lose"], value["drawes"], value["diffrence"])
    countries.append(Country(key, temp_stat))

def sort_funct(x):
    # The order in which we want to sort by
    return (-x.stats.points, -x.stats.win, x.name)

countries.sort(key=sort_funct)

for country in countries:
    print_str = "{} has {} points and {} wins".format(country.name, country.stats.points, country.stats.win)
    print(print_str)

Output:
Spain has 5 points and 1 wins
Iran has 4 points and 1 wins
Portugal has 4 points and 1 wins
Morocco has 3 points and 1 wins


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Among probably the most typical electrical wiring thoughts is regarding how to wire a switch. Though utilizing switches at your home is quite simple, wiring 1 may well not be that quick for everybody. An ON-OFF switch is in fact quite simple to wire. You'll find different kinds of switches, but for this instance, let's say you will be putting in a single-pole toggle switch, an exceptionally widespread switch (and the easiest).
You will discover 3 shades of wires in a usual single-pole toggle switch: black, white, and environmentally friendly. Splice the black wire in two and hook up them on the terminal screws - just one on top rated along with the other over the base screw of your switch. The white wire serves being a source of uninterrupted electric power and is usually linked to the light-weight coloured terminal screw (e.g., silver). Connect the green wire into the ground screw of your respective change.
These methods would generally be sufficient for making an average change perform without a problem. Then again, for those who are usually not assured you can execute the endeavor appropriately and safely and securely you improved permit the professionals do it instead. Soon after all, there is a purpose why this activity has become the most popular electrical wiring queries questioned by a lot of people.
For many motive, how you can wire a ceiling fan can be amongst quite possibly the most common electrical wiring issues. To simplify this undertaking, you need to use a single change to get a single ceiling fan. To wire the fan, it is only a make any difference of connecting the black wire of the ceiling fan towards the black wire from the change. When there is a light-weight, the blue wire must be connected to the black wire of your switch also.
You will find reasons why these are generally quite possibly the most usually questioned electrical wiring thoughts. Just one, numerous assume it is really simple to accomplish, and two, these are generally the frequent electrical responsibilities in the home. But then you certainly should not set your basic safety in danger with your goal to save money. The stakes could even be significantly larger for those who try and get monetary savings and do an electrical wiring job devoid of adequate information or practical experience.