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Understanding Brazil's Present Day Quilombos: A Small Term for a Big Reality
October 23, 2014 Yale Gilder Lehrman Center Opinion
Forced Labor, Academia
During a conference in March 2012 on race and racism in Brazil, a Brazilian sociologist—and expert on affirmative action—posed a significant question about black rural communities in Brazil: "Those communities, do they actually descend from runaway slaves? Are they really quilombos?" Her question shows the confusion that persists among scholars, and the general public, about the exact meaning of quilombo. While the word literally means maroon, or a community formed by runaway slaves, it has been employed in the last few years to refer to a series of black rural communities that have received land grants from the federal government since 1988. In that year Brazil passed a new constitution with an article in its transitory dispositions that granted land deeds to "descendants of quilombos." In the ensuing years, a surprisingly high number of these descendants came to public light claiming official recognition, and the media in Brazil and abroad reported on their activities periodically.[1] Suddenly it seemed that rural areas were inhabited by massive numbers of runaway descendants.
The question that pops up, both for the above mentioned scholar and for everybody else, is: do all of the present-day quilombos descend from runaway slaves? If not, is it fair that numerous black communities throughout Brazil's countryside claim this legal status? To respond to these questions some Brazilian anthropologists and historians have argued that during the last twenty years the meaning of quilombo has changed. Since the constitutional article was incorporated to the 1988 Constitution recognizing the 'quilombo-descendants,' hundreds of black rural groups across Brazil became politically active, appropriating the term and constructing with it a broad Afro-Brazilian identity in the countryside. The 1988 constitutional article sparked a process of political mobilization and identity-building with far-reaching consequences.
Instead of bending the concept, however, I think that the current political mobilizations of the 'quilombo-descendants' in Brazil make more sense if we understand them as part of the broader history of black peasants in Brazil. Take their experiences in the Northern regions of Pará or Maranhão, for example. Responding to a wave of encroachments upon their lands that started back in the 1960s, those communities used complex political strategies and networks of allies to demand governmental action during the ensuing decades. Their protests served as an example for other black rural groups, sparking a debate inside the mostly urban-based black movement of Brazil, and culminating in the passing of the famous Article 68 in 1988. Their trajectory renders the concept of quilombo-descendants a clearly insufficient one to account for an entire universe of black communities that, far from descending uniquely from maroons, originated as groups of plantation slaves, freedmen, and multiple other ancestors. The political struggles of black peasants in different parts of Brazil are what lies behind all public policies for black rural communities since 1988, not the other way around.
In reality, the term remanescentes de quilombos or maroon-descendants became enshrined in the constitution in 1988 as a way of circumventing political obstacles, more than as an accurate portrait of Brazil's black peasants. Black activists like former Senator Benedita da Silva recall how "at the time of the Constituent Assembly for the constitution in 1988, there was general ignorance regarding the racial question."[2] Despite the fact that the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro had already created state agencies to promote racial equality, a number of Congressional representatives continued to believe that there was no racism in Brazil. But such ignorance could also be used by black activists to stake a claim in the Constitution. Constituent delegates were familiar with the history of Palmares, a huge network of settlements in seventeenth-century Alagoas (Northeastern Brazil) formed by runaway slaves, Indians, and rebellious whites, based on the Angolan cultural and political models and established in direct defiance of plantation slavery. This was a well-known episode in Brazilian colonial history, so for the constitutional delegates the existence of quilombos in present day Brazil must have looked like a residual phenomenon. What trouble could it cause, they must have thought, to include the demands of quilombo-descendants in the new constitution?
In fact, the idea had such a low profile among the general population that it could not collect the minimum of signatures to be introduced as a popular amendment to the constitution by the Subcommittee of Blacks, Indigenous Populations, and Minorities. Then, on August 20, 1987, black Congressman Carlos Alberto Caó followed a different strategy: he presented an article about the quilombo-descendants to the Sub-committee, who finally approved it.[3] The Article eventually became Article 68 of the Transitory Dispositions of the 1988 Constitution, stating that "definitive ownership will be recognized, and the respective title will be issued by the State, to those descendants [remanescentes] of the maroon communities occupying their lands."[4] At this time, nobody could foresee that this apparently innocuous constitutional article would actually permit the deployment of important governmental programs during the following decades.
The small gap that Article 68 provided soon became a path toward official recognition for more and more rural Afro-Brazilians, most of whom had been immersed in conflicts over land and labor for decades. In Pará, where black Amazonians had been facing frequent aggressions from landowners and the deployment of massive infrastructural projects since the 1960s at least, Article 68 represented a grand opportunity. They seized it and, by the 1990s, hundreds of black communities were claiming the legal status of quilombo-descendants, regardless of the condition of their ancestors. In states like Maranhão, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, or Rio Grande do Sul, other communities joined this wave of political action. In 2003, President Lula da Silva of the Wokers' Party passed Decree 4,887, which recognized the complex nature of black rural communities in Brazil and facilitated the process of granting them land deeds. The quilombo-descendants were defined as ethno-racial groups with shared historical ties and a "presumed black ancestry related to the past of oppression that they have suffered."[5] This definition was broad enough as to be used by pretty much any black community in Brazil. The apparently narrow article introduced in 1988 for quilombo-descendants had finally become what it was initially meant to be: a legal dispositive to protect black peasants against encroachments upon their ancestral lands.
Despite the misunderstandings that persist, the political attacks against the growing body of legislation for black rural communities, and the practical difficulties that still permeate the process of legal recognition, Afro-Brazilian peasants have finally obtained a type of reparation for slavery, as evinced by the wording of Decree 4,887/2003 and by the sheer reality of the communities that have received land deeds and other public policies thanks to Article 68. This political achievement is no trivial matter, as by late 2012 almost a million hectares, more than 200 communities, and perhaps as many as 70,000 Brazilians, had been legally recognized as descendants of quilombos.[6] Rural Afro-Brazilians have been more successful than their counterparts in the USA or in urban Brazil in obtaining reparations for slavery, even though quilombo laws are often not perceived as such. While it is clear that much remains to be done, these are no small steps in a nation that prized itself as being race-blind until not so long ago.
Oscar de la Torre
Gilder-Lehrman Center Post-Doctoral Fellow – Fall 2014
[1] Cíntia Borsato, José Edward, "Eles querem desmiscigenar o Brasil," Veja, April 4, 2007 (Brazil); Donna Bowater, "Brazil's quilombos, founded by escaped slaves, offer a window to the past", Donna Bowater, "Brazil's Quilombos, Founded by Escaped Slaves, Offer a Window to the Past," Al Jazeera America, October 12, 2014; James Brooke, 'Brazil Seeks to Return Ancestral Lands to Descendants of Runaway Slaves', The New York Times, August 15, 1993; Folha de São Paulo, "Demarcações de áreas de quilombos são suspensas," March 10, 2008 (Brazil); Flavio Gomes, "Quilombos no Baixo Tocantins," O Liberal, May 5, 1997; Bernardo Gutiérrez, 'Negros con título de propiedad: Descendientes de esclavos negros huidos viven en una de las áreas más intactas y africanas de la Amazonia', Público, May 9, 2008 (Spain); Yana Marull, 'Tres millones de descendientes de esclavos viven aún en Brasil en remotas aldeas sin ningún servicio', El Periódico, July 14, 2009 (Spain); Folha de São Paulo, "São Paulo tem programação especial no Dia da Consciência Negra," Folha de São Paulo, November 20, 2006 (Brazil).
[2]Da Silva, "The Black Movement," 181.
[3] Rebeca Campos Ferreira, "O Artigo 68 Do ADCT/CF-88: Identidade E Reconhecimento, Ação Afirmativa, Ou Direito Étnico?," Revista Habitus 8 (2009): 10.
[4]Article 68 of the Transitory Dispositions (Ato das Disposições Transitórias): "Aos remanescentes das comunidades dos quilombos que estejam ocupando suas terras, é reconhecida a propriedade definitiva, devendo o Estado emitir-lhes títulos respectivos." Available at http://www.cpisp.org.br/htm/leis/index.html Accessed May 11, 2011. Articles in the Transitory Dispositions are meant to disappear in a hypothetical future, once they have fulfilled its finality.
[5]Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial SEPPIR, Programa Brasil Quilombola (Brasília: SEPPIR, 2005), 40–42.
[6] Data the Brazilian Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform, or INCRA: http://www.incra.gov.br/index.php/estrutura-fundiaria/quilombolas/file/108-titulos-expedidos-as-comunidades-quilombolas . Accessed December 22, 2012.
Topics: Forced Labor, Academia
Yale Gilder Lehrman Center
The Gilder Lehrman Center strives to make a vital contribution to the understanding of slavery and its role in the development of the modern world. While the Center's primary focus has been on scholarly research, it also seeks to bridge the divide between scholarship and public knowledge by opening channels of communication between the scholarly community and the wider public. In collaboration with secondary schools, museums, parks, historical societies, and other related institutions, the Center facilitates a locally rooted understanding of the global impact of slavery. Staff includes David W. Blight, David Brion Davis, David Spatz, Thomas Thurston and several visiting fellows.
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BROOKLYN HEIGHTS – Brooklyn is getting a second medical marijuana dispensary later this year, this time at 44 Court Street in the storefront that formerly housed Court Street Office Supplies for 36 years.
Columbia Care will take over the 7,000-square-foot, two-story space located between Remsen and Joralemon Streets across from Brooklyn Borough Hall, the New York Post reports.
Founded in 2013 by two former Goldman Sachs executives, Columbia Care was part of the first group of medical marijuana businesses licensed to operate in New York state in 2015, according to The Real Deal. Columbia Care opened NYC's first marijuana dispensary at 212 East 14th Street in 2016. The company also has locations in Rochester and Long Island. Along with onsite pharmacists to assist patients, the new facility will also offer delivery.
A second group of medical cannabis companies was granted licenses in 2017, according to the article, including Citiva which debuted Brooklyn's first medical marijuana dispensary at 202 Flatbush Avenue, across from the Barclays Center, at the end of December 2018.
The new Columbia Care outpost is expected to open later this year, according to Commercial Observer. Columbia Care management was not available for comment prior to posting.


In a bizarre incident, two teenagers were stripped naked and beaten mercilessly for allegedly stealing mobile phones. The incident has taken place inside a local train in Mumbai. The passengers have suspected the movement of the boys but no evidence of their theft, reports said.
The teenagers were beaten inside the compartment first and then taken out onto the platform where they were attacked over and over again.


First and foremost, happy year of the horse!
I've been playing a ton of Hearthstone lately and had this idea floating in my head. What if the downfall of Lordaeron was accidentally caused by the heroes' addiction to the card game? This WIP post details the thought process of the initial planning phase of the painting.
I wanted this illustration to be epic, containing numerous characters interacting with one another and a fully rendered background. There were several key events I wanted to cover: Orcs invading the human city of Lordaeron, a guard getting angry with Uther and a 'fan service' shot of Jaina. I dissected the canvas into 3 equal parts, giving each 'storyline' equal space for the viewer.
I was contemplating on whether to place Jaina or the orc invasion scene first. Given that most people read from left to right, I decided to start with the orc invasion storyline at the left. As this panel contains a dramatic element, it will hopefully lure the viewer to continue viewing the image.
The centre and focal point of the painting contains the scene where the guard is frustrated with Uther. The pose of Uther was critical in showing his addiction to the game - he doesn't even turn to look at the guard.
Lastly, the fan service shot of Jaina. Notice that she actually sits in a very uncomfortable position given that she needs to face downwards at the playing board. Judging by the camera angle, she should be back-facing the viewer if she is in a more natural position. However, this being a fan service shot, I tilted her body so that her assets are facing the viewer.
I also added some Batriders and catapult shots flying towards the background castle for added drama. Like Uther, Jaina is completely sucked into the game and isn't aware of the dangers that her city is facing.
This painting was really tough to draft, but I had a lot of fun doing it.
I am looking to get cover art done for a Warcraft E-Book, are you able to do this? Let me know prices and if it is possible.
Hi Jason, can i ask you a favor. May i have this in high quality for my wallpaper collection, i think lots of fans of Hearthstone and Wow player want it too, thank you.
Lordaeron was destroyed by the Scourge not the Orcs WHT THE FUQQ??


The 50-110/115 range of PCI shielded switching cards are available in both Changeover (SPDT) and Normally Open (SPST & DPST) configurations. Connections are made via a front panel 200 pin female connector.
For applications requiring improved bandwidth and crosstalk performance please look at our 50-120/125 range of shielded reed relay cards.


ANKARA: Learning the language of the host country is a priority for integrating refugees. As such, Turkey — which hosts about 976,000 school-age Syrian refugees — has begun implementing projects to help them learn Turkish in primary schools.
The Education Ministry's new mobile app "Guess What" is one of them, focusing on learning Turkish in an entertaining way via an educative game. The game focuses on the main concepts and words that Syrian refugee children often face in their daily lives.
It categorizes them under broad concepts such as hospitals, schools, houses, animals, fruit and vegetables in order to develop children's visual, auditory and conceptual skills.
The mobile app is accessible via Google Playstore and Turkey's Educational Informatics Network's Store (EBA Dukkan), and will soon be incorporated into the App Store. The ministry said it will continue developing similar games that ease the integration process.
Experts say the language barrier often stands in refugee children's way in terms of integrating into the host society.
A circular issued in 2015 gave Syrian children the right to become enrolled in state schools or "temporary education centers" where the Syrian curriculum is provided in Arabic. But last year, Turkey began phasing out this dual system, favoring the entry of Syrian children in state schools where a mixed education system prevails.
"Such mobile apps have been tried out in countries like Belgium with promising results," Gulseli Baysu, an expert on social psychology from Istanbul Kadir Has University, told Arab News.
There are many challenges facing researchers and policymakers, such as many Syrian children working in the black market to support their families, who may not be convinced of the need to send them to school, she added.
Turkey hosts more than 3 million Syrian refugees, and about half of those who are school age are missing out on an education.
Based on field studies he carried out, Corabatir said the lack of integration of Syrian children in schools often results in peer pressure and bullying, leading to segregation.
"The more they know and speak Turkish, the more they'll be part of society and communicate with their peers," he added.
What challenges for Turkish forces in Idlib?


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It is both thrilling and discomforting that the same people who used to berate me for outlandish scenarios on the Saudi agenda on Ethiopia and the Horn are now, more than a decade and half later expressing their worries about the same threat.To bring the issue to an end it is suffice to say that the Saudis have been radicalizing the hinterland with liberty and are now militarizing the borderlands i.e. the Red Sea and the rest of it. The only difference this time around is the unambiguous projection of hard power. This came as a result of several but interrelated factors. First is the new kind of rivalry for regional power order in the Middle East. The Saudi military expansion that took place over the past five years is unprecedented and Riyadh is ready to use most of it in the regional game.
The much talked about Saudi-Egyptian blitz is part of the new regional game which goes beyond the Sunni-Shia rivalry. The dynamic within the Sunni Arab world is a major piece of a new kind of regional competition. In my piece 'Qatar and the Horn' and 'Eastern Africa and the Yemeni Civil War' I hinted about the emergence of rival Sunni camps and their potential impact in complicating peace and security in the Horn. The Muslim brotherhood movements themselves have become flashpoints of regional rivalry for power and influence.
The penchant for conflict and cooperation between the Riyadh-UAE and Qatar-Turkey Sunni camps should not disguise the intensity of Islamic radicalization in the Horn of Africa. In fact, the semblance of competitiveness has heightened radicalization and violent extremism in the Horn of Africa and beyond; from Somalia to Mali and Libya. It is not by accident that the political and military groups with the strongest balance sheet in today's Somalia are Islamists. The geo-strategic trickledown effect is correspondingly harmful. Many countries around the region have been pulled into the orbit of Riyadh,due to survival or mundane strategic considerations. Along the way many including Egypt has fast depreciated into acting like the foster child of the Saudis altering regional alliances including the destruction of the Sa'na Forum.
Radicalization and violent extremism are not new to Africa, but have evolved over the last two decade in more significant ways. This is not just a reflection of jihadist group's recent inventiveness and adaptation, but the culmination of longer-term historical and global trends. It has continued to spread building both on economic decline, moral populism, international connectedness and classic vulnerabilities of the state. Indeed, it is among these variables that the deeper and enduring sources of violent extremism and its solutions can be located.
There are vast regions of Africa where regular state administration has been suspended or violently challenged, sometimes for long periods. Many parts of the continent continue to be attractive to international and local jihadist groups, which could become parasitic on local armed conflicts, seizing upon ideological dimensions to local grievances. As much as there has been an internal fertile ground for radicalization, the ideological roots and financial backing of violent extremist groups lie outside the region. To the extent that any policy on radicalization and violent extremism has meant that such problems are overlooked, it is unlikely to achieve its goals and there is a need for a more sophisticated and nuanced approach.
Putting a Tracer on Jihadist movements in Africa.
Political Islam and the emergence of the Muslim Brotherhood Movements has a peculiar history attached to Hassan al-Banna and Sayyid Qutb . Both heritages have materialized in many parts of Africa: We have jihadist groups adopting a violent and destructive route and radical Islamic movements without an army currently being supported by Turkey and Qatar on the one hand and Saudi Arabia on the other. Many of them are adopting or switching to less destructive trail to capture the state through electoral politics, but for analogous ends. Theirs is a change of tactics due to the security backlash they have suffered in recent years. The difference between the two is like a choice between the bad and awful. A gesture: today's Muslim Brotherhood Movements are more radical than Hassan al-Banna. Clearly until the late 1960s Egyptian Ulamas and universities had a monopoly over Islamist ideology. In the 1970's the Saudi began to take over with destructive consequences.
The nadir: the Afghan Jihad of the 1980s. The Saudis aided by the Pakistanis shaped the practicalities primed the ground for the practical foundations; thus began Saudi primacy. It was a test of what was to come. The Saudis will dominate the long game: the ideological and cash flow for radical Islamists at the global level. February 1989: Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan and the first Sunni Islamic Revolution in Sudan. Ended the legitimacy of a jihad to expel infidel invaders of a Muslim land. The appearance of Jihadi refugees- Turabi's Popular Arab Islamic Conference/PAIC/ invited many of them to come to Sudan.
The collapse of the State in Somalia in 1991, the Gulf War in 1991 and the Somali Humanitarian crisis only made matters easy for the new arrivals. The presence of US troops in Muslim land only increased the paranoid and conspiratorial view of Islamists and fed into their narrative. Thus, Moral outrage and populism as a major driver of extremism began to take hold in the Horn of Africa. This greatly impacted on Al Qaida, the Egyptian Islamist Group, and Al-Ittihad Al-Islamia in Somalia.
The Saudis worked hard to match the level of outrage with the large scale expansion of Wahhabi teachings, a violent and puritanical brand of Islam, throughout the Horn of Africa. The result being the mushrooming of violent radical organizations across the continent.
Clear and comprehensive understanding of the drivers of radicalization and violent extremism helps to design strategies to overcome the challenge.
Over the course of recent history, violent extremism and terrorism has been consistently tied to the evolving politics and identity of the state, steadily gaining in its capacity to draw power from the Western nation-state and moving from a peripheral nuisance to a central strategic threat.
Radicalization has continued to spread building both on the economic decline, violent conflicts and lack of strong and legitimate states. It happens fast when the entitlements of citizenship are not extended throughout a population or when the state is not the primary actor mobilizing to provide public goods. The central challenge for Africa is to build accountable, capable governments that can deliver security and inclusive growth.
Recently, a new type of Jihadist groups has been gathering ranks and momentum in Africa. Violent extremism draws its strength, and even in some sense its guidance and inspiration from the flaws of the contemporary (and broadly from the 20th century nation) African state. It is a truism that violent extremist groups are pre-modern and post-modern, sub-national and transnational, and transcend the Westphalian state system.
– The historicity of the state: Its nature, character and composition.
– The collapse of the state (Somalia). Central to this is states and territories for organizing security, and governments that lack authority and legitimacy. Meanwhile, in the security vacuum, Islamist groups once repressed or marginalized gain traction (e.g. Libya, Mali).
– Conflict and criminality: Susceptibility to international terrorist and criminal networks. The crisis in Libya and in Mali has been three pronged: political failure of the political elite in Bamako, aspirations of Tuaregs and expansionist agendas of the Al-Qaida allied AQIM.
– Ungoverned spaces: There are vast regions in Africa where regular state administration has been suspended or violently challenged, sometimes for long periods. This often intersects with marginalized regions characterized by deep-seated horizontal inequalities, ethnically or religiously polarized identities.
There is similar cause to most radical groups (difficult enough to generalize about) than there is for other forms of political opposition.
Violent extremism, like other forms of political violence, arises out of the beliefs and aspirations of communities and must be analyzed within a social and political context.
But Grievances are necessary but not sufficient ingredients for radicalization and violent extremism.
As much as there has been an internal fertile ground for extremism, the ideological roots and financial backing of militant Islamic groups lie outside the region. This could be explained in terms of the religious bazaar, ideological mutuality and moral outrage.
The Radicalization bazaar: Egyptian; then Sudanese and lately Saudi Arabia as major sponsors of money and ideas. In late 1980's the National Islamic Front/NIF/ in Sudan-which was formerly known as Muslim Brotherhood successfully engineered a military takeover of power, henceforth embarking on a region-wide Islamisation project? This was done through scholarships, money and NGOs on the ground.
Since 2002 I have been warning about the thoughtful and stealth Saudi menace, what I referred to as the Long Game to radical radicalize Africa, particularly the Horn of African region. As much as this is global, it has become lethal in the Horn of Africa due to the existence of an Islamist infrastructure provided by the first Sunni Islamic Revolution in Sudan. Since the late 1970s Kenya's madrassas have been dominated by wealthy Wahhabi charities and foundations. Inadvertently Ethiopia opened its floodgates to Wahhabi's after 1991. By providing social services for the region's poor, establishing madrassas, and evangelizing via firebrand preachers, Wahhabi leaders have galvanized support and converted many to their cause. This refers to the Wahabbist Puritanism—a form of fundamentalist Islam which originated in Saudi Arabia which attempted to become internationalist Islam. In the first years of this century the Saudi have come closer to alter the age-old religious equilibrium in Ethiopia. Eritrea was spared due to the heavy handed and timely crackdown on Islamic (Wahhabi) charities but the firebrands from the Gulf have adjusted themselves to the situation and made a geo-strategic choice to prompt the Eritrean regime from above. Here we are now.
Ideological Mutuality: Political Islam has morphed into number of movements and brands which became blended with the nature of rivalry among states in the Middle East. However there is a remarkable sense of mutuality among the different sponsors of the various variants of radical Islam: Egyptian and Sudanese Muslim Brotherhoods, Wahhabist Puritanism, Islamist Social movements such as Al-Islah and al-Tabliq in Somalia and Djibouti. The penchant for conflict and cooperation among the different movements exist. All intensified the sense of Muslim moral outrage.
Moral outrage: This is concerned with the moral outrage of Muslims and its attendant moral populism. The global context is extremely relevant as exogenous factors are very crucial to understanding the origins as well as resolving the problems of radicalization and violent extremism in many parts of Africa. These include developments in Iraq, Somalia, Afghanistan, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
For many young Muslims, the sense of moral outrage is often the start of a process. The outrage has to fit into the nature of the state, international connectedness, the presence of a radical Islamist infrastructure. For that to happen, the domestic situation must provide the enabling environment (listed above) for radicalization. That is why it becomes more difficult to distinguish between ideologically or grievance-driven.
One cannot expect a solution, immediate, splendid and decisive such as that obtained in other areas of conflict resolution.
Meeting the current threat can best be accomplished by enhancing the capacities of the African state, thereby diminishing its susceptibilities to radicalization and violent non-state actors and reducing the longer-term threat to violent extremism. Radicalization appeals to Muslims because it resonates with their personal experiences of discrimination and economic exclusion.
The struggle first and foremost is about legitimacy. On the religious/radicalization workshop. The 'Radicalization Central', Saudi Arabia, has managed to outspend everybody on this radicalization workshop. This has to be changed which entails a multi-pronged approach: Diplomatic, political, financial etc.
Africa needs to elevate the Saudi menace to the top of its security agenda and galvanize regional instruments and mechanisms towards disabling this existential threat.There is a need to align with global initiatives. It also requires political reform in Saudi Arabia: curbing radical Wahabbism, regulation of Islamic charities etc.
However the real battle involves an offer to challenge Islamic philantropism and secularize social services, including education. African countries with large Muslim populations need to contain the flow of students to Egypt and Saudi Arabia for Islamic education. Providing scholarships to young and disillusioned students has been a major weapon of radicalizations and this need to be discontinued by providing such services and opportunities within national borders. Capacities for this must be a priority for bilateral and regional cooperation.
At the core of the strategy to countering radicalization and violent extremism is an understanding of the nature of its appeal and its classic vulnerabilities, thereby diminishing its adverse impact on the evolution of the state and the international system. In this regard we seem to have reached a learning curve.
At the core is about mobilization and legitimacy. It is also about caution and complexity. Transition from terrorism to insurgency creates its own vulnerabilities that can be exploited by states and international organizations/players.
– Focus on transitions and strategic vulnerabilities.
– Focus on the violent nature of these groups and avoid doctrinaire fights.
Mega Publishers, Addis Ababa. Ethiopia.2003.
of Africa Revisited: Approaches to Make Sense of Conflict.
Transaction Publishers LIT VERLAG, Berlin 2008.
————————- "The War on terror and Security Sector Reform in the Horn of Africa".
In developing an SSR Strategy for Africa. Kampala, Uganda. June 2006.
Symposium, Marrakech, Morocco. February 8, 2010.
Center for Strategic Studies/ACSS/. April 11, 2011.Dakar, Senegal.
————————— Preventing Youth Radicalization in East Africa.Presentation at ACSS Conference.
23 January 2012, Kigali, Rwanda.
Committee. October 29, 2012. At the British Parliament. London.
Institute for Urban and Regional Research/NIBR/. December 2009.
COMMUNIQUÉ OF THE AFRICAN UNION PEACE AND SECURITY COUNCIL. 571st MEETING AT THE LEVEL OF HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT ON THE PREVENTION AND COMBATING OF TERRORISM IN AFRICA 29 JANUARY 2016 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA.
[i] Medhane Tadesse is a Visiting Professor at Kings College, London and Senior Security Sector Reform/SSR/ Advisor to the African Union.


You know me, I love a party – especially a party to celebrate the launch of a brand new store.
Invited by my friend's at Johnnie Walker ("Hey Lottie and Harrie"), I was there to celebrate Nixon's first (yes, really) UK store launch.
Nestled on Newburgh Street – a gorgeous cobbled lane parallel to Carnaby Street – the store is a mix of Nixon's iconic watches, hats and accessories. And set to open on November 7th is their customisation bar, allowing you to create your very own one of a kind Nixon watch, with engraving options too.
With the DJ pumping some heavy beats and me sipping a cool Johnnie & Ginger, it was a fantastic night and a fitting celebration of Nixon's brand new flagship store.


When baby first comes home, you want them to have a safe sleep space that you feel good about. After all, newborns can sleep up to 20 hours a day. As part of our Modern Baby Collection, we've partnered with Babyletto to bring you the portable Babyletto Origami Mini Crib – a smart and stylish alternative to the bassinet.
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Political pressure on Gov. Jerry Brown to make a decision on California's sentencing laws for teen killers is mounting.
Brown has until the end of the month to sign or veto SB 9, Sen. Leland Yee's bill to allow the possibility of parole after 25 years for juveniles currently sentenced to life without parole. Most if not all of the cases involve murder, but those serving the sentence include both killers and accomplices. The bill excludes those who torture their victims or kill law enforcement officers and requires those seeking parole to have had no serious violations for five years.
Support for the bill comes from both sides of the aisle. Democratic House leader Nancy Pelosi and former Republican House leader Newt Gingrich urge Brown to sign the bill. In an editorial appearing Thursday in the San Diego U-T, Gingrich called California's life without parole sentences an "overuse of incarceration. It denies the reality that young people often change for the better."
Brown is hearing plenty from the other side as well. California Assembly Republican leader Connie Conway earlier this month sent the governor a letter seeking veto of the "unnecessary" bill. "California already has a carefully balanced statutory scheme that appropriately balances the need to hold the most serious juvenile murderers accountable for their crimes, while recognizing different levels of maturity and culpability based on the age of the offender, and retains judicial discretion," she wrote.
Indeed, some victim advocates contend that because judges already rejected the possibility of allowing eventual parole for the state's 309 inmates sentenced as minors, there is no reason to revisit the issue. They have political support from lobbyists for prison guards and prosecutors.
The battle lines are not universally inclusive. Mothers Against Murder, for instance, has refused to take an official stance on the bill even though its membership includes families of those killed by juveniles. "We tend not to take a stand due to our respect for different families' wishes," said Executive Director Margaret Petros.
"You would be surprised how many mothers want to forgive the criminals to make peace and deal with the tremendous pain they go through. It is different for some, though, who want to see the case go to death row," Petros said. "Sometimes, different family members feel differently. My work and MAM's philosophy is to unconditionally accept/respect all the different wishes of family members."


text:
Blanchard & Co., Inc.
909 Poydras St.
Blanchard is a family-owned company with broad reach and deep roots in the precious metals market. Our founder, Jim Blanchard, helped pave the way for the millions of Americans today who leverage precious metals and rare coins to enhance and protect their wealth.
Jim Blanchard spearheaded a nationwide, grassroots movement to legalize gold ownership. Blanchard arranged for a biplane with a "Legalize Gold" banner to fly over President Nixon's second inauguration, and he held press conferences across the U.S., at which he brandished gold bars and dared authorities to arrest him.
In 1975, one year after President Ford legalized the private ownership of gold, Blanchard opened the investment firm of Blanchard and Company, Inc. in New Orleans, Louisiana. Today, Blanchard has served more than 450,000 clients with expert consultation & assistance in gold, platinum, silver and rare coin investments.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: sql select based off multiple values We're using SQL Server 2008, a sample of the table below. I need to query the below table and only give me the link result if no code of 'C' exists, but because link 957 below already has a C code, I dont want 957 returned at all, I would just want 950 and 955.
link                      code
---------------------------------
957                         A
957                         B
957                         C
957                         D
955                         A
955                         B
950                         D
950                         E

A: In case you didn't want to use a nested query, the following will also work:
SELECT     link
FROM       table
GROUP BY   link
HAVING     SUM(CASE WHEN CODE = 'C' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) = 0

A: Try with the following example:
SELECT DISTINCT link
FROM TABLE
WHERE link NOT IN (
        SELECT link
        FROM TABLE
        WHERE code LIKE 'C'
        )

A: You can use NOT EXISTS() on this,
SELECT  a.*
FROM    tableName a
WHERE   NOT EXISTS
        (
            SELECT  1
            FROM    tableName b
            WHERE   a.link = b.link AND
                    b.code = 'c'
        )

*

*SQLFiddle Demo
But if you just want to get the link alone,
SELECT  DISTINCT a.link
FROM    tableName a
WHERE   NOT EXISTS
        (
            SELECT  1
            FROM    tableName b
            WHERE   a.link = b.link AND
                    b.code = 'c'
        )

*

*SQLFiddle Demo


text:
Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock
Overview of attention for article published in Cochrane database of systematic reviews, September 2013
Summary Blogs Policy documents Twitter Wikipedia Dimensions citations
So far, Altmetric has seen 1 policy document that references this research output.
Performance of High Impact Interventions for Neonatal Care, and Applicability to Kenya
Cited by African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP) on 21 Feb 2022
In 2009, the African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), an African-led, regional non-profit policy think tank, was established to help bridge the gaps between research, policy and practice in the areas of population change, public health, and the environment in Africa. The purpose of AFIDEP's work is to contribute to sustainable socio-economic development by enabling the formulation of policies and programme interventions that are informed by sound research evidence in these focus areas. https://www.afidep.org


text:
Pojmem monitor ve zvukové technice se označuje reproduktorová soustava pro kontrolní poslech při nahrávání ve studiu nebo odposlechová reprosoustava při živém hudebním vystoupení.

Nahrávací studio
Nejdůležitějším požadavkem na studiové reprosoustavy je co nejvěrnější reprodukce zvuku. Reprosoustava nesmí tedy nijak ovlivňovat zvukový signál v žádném aspektu, jako např. frekvenční či směrová charakteristika, což bývá časté u domácích (zvláště levnějších) reprosoustav, kde někteří uživatelé to považuji dokonce za žádoucí.

Nejčastěji se používají aktivní reprosoustavy (mají zabudovaný zesilovač). Pro splnění požadavku na co nejpreciznější přednes se pracuje s výkony řádově vyššími, než je obvyklé pro běžný poslech v podobně velké místnosti.

Odposlech
Při živém hudebním vystoupení se v závislosti na druhu hudby a dalších podmínkách používají odposlechové reprosoustavy pro hudebníky, většinou individuálně nastavitelné (pomocí mixážního pultu).

Hudebník hrající či zpívající ve skupině potřebuje dobře slyšet ostatní členy (nebo alespoň některé) a sám sebe, aby mohl podat co nejkvalitnější výkon. U žánrů používajících elektronické či elektrofonické hudební nástroje, respektive u žánrů pracujících s vyšší hlasitostí bývá obvyklé, že daná hlasitost ve spojení s akustikou prostoru způsobuje hluk (zvukový chaos), tedy není dobře rozumět konkrétním aspektům hry jako melodie, harmonie, rytmus atp. Odposlechová reprosoustava umístěná v bezprostřední blízkosti interpreta a otočena na něj je v takovém prostředí vnímaná jako zvukově konkrétnější.

Nevýhodou je další zvyšování hluku na pódiu, proto neplatí "čím víc, tím líp". Obecně platí, že zkušenější hudebníci si dokáží lépe nastavit poměry a množství jednotlivých zvuků ve svém odposlechu.

Další nevýhodou je riziko vzniku nežádoucí zpětné vazby, kdy mikrofon umístěný blízko odposlechu z něj snímá reprodukovaný zvuk a ten (následně zesílen) je znova dokola reprodukován (ozývá se intenzivní pískání). Toto riziko se zvětšuje úměrně nastavené hlasitosti odposlechu. Významný vliv má také kvalita použitých mikrofonů a reprosoustav, kdy obecně platí, že u dražších zařízení se tomu snaží výrobce bránit konstrukčními vlastnostmi.

In-ear monitoring
Někdy je odposlechová reprosoustava nahrazena sluchátkem, díky čemu odpadá mnoho problémů. Především se dále nezvyšuje hluk na pódiu a nehrozí zpětná vazba. Často bývá takový systém doplněn o bezdrátový přenos.

Externí odkazy

Audiotechnika

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Courtesy of Century 21 Landmark Realty.
Please, send me more information on this property: MLS# 1931053 – $389,900 – 2012 Hickory Drive, Springfield, TN 37172.
I would like to schedule a private showing for this property: MLS# 1931053 – $389,900 – 2012 Hickory Drive, Springfield, TN 37172.


That means the administration [sic, regime] knew that more than 40 to 67 percent of those in the individual market would not be able to keep their plans, even if they liked them.
You can keep your doctor and your insurance plan if you want to. Guaranteed.
It was more of a "lie" than George W. Bush's statements regarding Iraq having WMD stockpiles, which were in reliance on faulty intelligence that most Democrats and others in the world believed too.
With Obama, there was no bi-partisan cheering section as there was with Iraq.
There never was a basis for the categorical sales pitch.
Sen. Ron Johnson (R-Wis.) announced Friday he plans to introduce a bill titled the "If You Like Your Health Plan, You Can Keep It Act" next week. The legislation will amend the Affordable Care Act to allow Americans to keep their current health insurance plans as opposed to discontinuing such plans and forcing them into the exchanges.
If Barack and Kathleen Sebelius attempted this bait and switch act while selling used cars, they would both be in jail.


Web Desk (September 14, 2018): Captains of six cricket teams, participating in the six-nation Asia Cup 2018 addressed media at the launching ceremony held here on Friday.
The six teams of the tournament have been divided into two groups. Group A consists of Pakistan, India and minnows Hong Kong whereas Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Afghanistan are placed in Group B.
The top two sides in each stage will progress to the Super Four stage and the final will be played on September 28. The Asia Cup 2018 will begin on Saturday as Bangladesh will play Sri Lanka at Dubai International Cricket Stadium. The match will begin at 4:30pm Pakistan Standard Time (PST).
India has won the Asia Cup seven times while Sri Lanka is five-time champions. Pakistan has emerged as the Asian champions twice. Pakistan will play their first match against Hong Kong on Sunday, September 16 before facing arch rivals India on Wednesday, September 19.


text:
/*Padrão*/

@font-face {
    font-family: 'sequilight';
    src: url('sequi_light-webfont.eot');
    src: url('sequi_light-webfont.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'),
         url('sequi_light-webfont.woff') format('woff'),
         url('sequi_light-webfont.ttf') format('truetype'),
         url('sequi_light-webfont.svg#sequilight') format('svg');
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;

}

h1 {
	font-family: 'sequilight', Arial, serif;
	font-size: 71px;
	line-height: 65px;
	text-align: center;

}

h2 {
	font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, serif; font-weight: 100;
	font-size: 35px;
	color: #28c2aa;
	text-align: center;
}

h3 {
	font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, serif; font-weight: 500;
	font-size: 80px;
	text-align: center;
	text-transform: uppercase;

}

h4 {
	font-family:'Roboto', Arial, serif; font-weight: 100;
	font-size: 20px;
	text-align: center;

}

h5 {
	font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, serif; font-weight: 400;
	font-size: 14px;
	text-align: center;
	line-height: 23px;
}

/*------ HEADER ------------------------*/

section#line {
	width: 100%;
	height: 4px;
	background-color: #0affd7;
	background-position: center top;
	margin: 0 auto 80px auto;
	display: block;

}

Header#home {
	position: relative;

	width: 978px;
	margin: auto;
}

Section#logo h1 span {
	font-size: 78px;
	letter-spacing: 6px;
}

header#home img {
	margin-top: 80px;
	position: absolute;
}

header#home h1,h2 {

	text-align: center;

}
header#home h1 {
	margin: 80px auto 5px auto;
	letter-spacing: 4px;
}

/*header > about*/

Section#about {

	width: 30%;
	height: 240px;
	margin-top: 5px;
	float: right;
}

Section#about h4 {
	margin-bottom: 5px;
	text-align: left;
	color: #28c2aa;
	font-size: 21px;
}

Section#about h5 {
	text-align: left;
	line-height: 17px;
	color: #2f2f2f;
}

Section#about h5 span {
	font-style: italic;
	color: #fff;
}

section#about address{
height: 120px;
}

/*header > about > email */

section#about address div.email a {
	text-decoration: none;
	text-align: left;
}

section#about address div.email {
	margin-top: 10px;
	height: 33px;
}

section#about address a div.icon-email {
	background-image: url(../img/icons-about.jpg);
	background-position: 33px 0px;
	width: 33px;
	height: 33px;
	overflow: hidden;
	float: left;
	margin-right: 10px;

}

section#about address div.email h5 {
	width: 100%;
	height: 33px;
	padding-top: 7px;
		-webkit-transition: .5s;
	-moz-transition: .5s;
	-o-transition: .5s;
	transition: .5s;

}

section#about address a:hover div.icon-email {
	background-position: 0px 0;
}

section#about address a:hover h5 {

	font-size: 15px;
}

/*header > about > linkedin */

section#about address div.linkedin a {
	text-decoration: none;
	text-align: left;
}

section#about address div.linkedin {
	margin-top: 10px;
	height: 33px;
}

section#about address a div.icon-linkedin {
	background-image: url(../img/icons-about.jpg);
	background-position: 33px 66px;
	width: 33px;
	height: 33px;
	overflow: hidden;
	float: left;
	margin-right: 10px;

}

section#about address div.linkedin h5 {
	width: 100%;
	height: 33px;
	padding-top: 7px;
		-webkit-transition: .5s;
	-moz-transition: .5s;
	-o-transition: .5s;
	transition: .5s;

}

section#about address a:hover div.icon-linkedin {
	background-position: 0px 66px;
}

section#about address a:hover h5 {

	font-size: 15px;
}

/*header > about > resume */

section#about address div.resume a {
	text-decoration: none;
	text-align: left;
}

section#about address div.resume {
	margin-top: 10px;
	height: 33px;
}

section#about address a div.icon-resume {
	background-image: url(../img/icons-about.jpg);
	background-position: 33px 33px;
	width: 33px;
	height: 33px;
	overflow: hidden;
	float: left;
	margin-right: 10px;

}

section#about address div.resume h5 {
	width: 100%;
	height: 33px;
	padding-top: 7px;
		-webkit-transition: .5s;
	-moz-transition: .5s;
	-o-transition: .5s;
	transition: .5s;

}

section#about address a:hover div.icon-resume {
	background-position: 0px 33px;
}

section#about address a:hover h5 {

	font-size: 15px;
}

/*header > scroll*/

section#scroll{
	text-align: center;
	width: 55px;
	height: 80px;
	margin: 200px auto 110px auto;
	position: relative;
	}

section#scroll h5{
	text-transform: uppercase;
	font-weight: 300;
	color: #646464;
	}

section#scroll img {
	width: 30px;
	height: 50px;
	margin: auto auto 115px auto;
	position: relative;
}

/*------ PROJECTS ------------------------*/

/*project > project 1*/

section#work ul li.project1 {
	width: 100%;
	height: 290px;
	background: url(../img/mpd-hover-bg.jpg) #000 no-repeat 50% 50%;
	background-color: #000;
	padding-top: 70px;
	overflow: hidden;

}

section#work ul li.project1 a.blackproject1{
		text-decoration: none;
		display: block;
		z-index: 1;
}

section#work ul li.project1 .content-capa1 h5 {
	color: #000;
	width: 535px;
	margin: auto;
}

section#work ul li.project1 .content-capa1  h3 {
	color: #0d8ab9;
	margin-bottom: 5px;

}

section#work ul li.project1 .content-capa1  h4 {
	color: #000;
	margin-bottom: 40px;

}

section#work ul li.project1 .content-capa1 {
	display: block;
	position: relative;
	width: 100%;
	height: 290px;
	padding-top: 70px;
	background-color: #f4da4c;
	opacity: 10;
	top: -430px;
	-webkit-transition: .3s;
	-moz-transition: .3s;
	-o-transition: .3s;
	transition: .3s;

}

section#work ul li.project1:hover .content-capa1 {
	opacity: 0;
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)";
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
}

section#work ul li.project1 a.blackproject1 aside {

	width: 100%;
	height: 290px;
	padding-top: 70px;
	top: -70px;
	position: relative;
	margin: auto;
	z-index: 3;
	text-align: center;
	background-color: #000;
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)";
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	opacity: 0;
	-webkit-transition: .3s;
	-moz-transition: .3s;
	-o-transition: .3s;
	-ms-transition: .3s;
	transition: .3s;

}

section#work ul li.project1:hover a.blackproject1 aside {
	display: block;
	background-color: #000;
	filter: alpha(opacity=80);
	-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=90)";
	filter: alpha(opacity=80);
	opacity: 0.8;
}

section#work ul li.project1 a.blackproject1 aside img {
width: 350px;
height: 110px;
margin: 20px auto auto auto;
z-index: 3;
text-align: center;
}

section#work ul li.project1 a.blackproject1 aside h3 {
	color: #03f1cc;
}

/*project > project 2*/

section#work ul li.project2 {
	width: 100%;
	height: 290px;
	background: url(../img/facetouch-hover-bg.jpg) #03a3dd no-repeat 50% 50%;
	background-color: #000;
	padding-top: 70px;
	overflow: hidden;

}

section#work ul li.project2 a.blackproject2{
		text-decoration: none;
		display: block;
		z-index: 1;
}

section#work ul li.project2 .content-capa2 h5 {
	color: #000;
	width: 535px;
	margin: auto;
}

section#work ul li.project2 .content-capa2  h3 {
	color: #0a6db3;
	margin-bottom: 5px;

}

section#work ul li.project2 .content-capa2  h4 {
	color: #000;
	margin-bottom: 40px;

}

section#work ul li.project2 .content-capa2 {
	display: block;
	position: relative;
	width: 100%;
	height: 290px;
	padding-top: 70px;
	background-color: #dfdfdf;
	opacity: 10;
	top: -430px;
	-webkit-transition: .3s;
	-moz-transition: .3s;
	-o-transition: .3s;
	transition: .3s;

}

section#work ul li.project2:hover .content-capa2 {
	opacity: 0;
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)";
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
}

section#work ul li.project2 a.blackproject2 aside {

	width: 100%;
	height: 290px;
	padding-top: 70px;
	top: -70px;
	position: relative;
	margin: auto;
	z-index: 3;
	text-align: center;
	background-color: #000;
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)";
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	opacity: 0;
	-webkit-transition: .3s;
	-moz-transition: .3s;
	-o-transition: .3s;
	-ms-transition: .3s;
	transition: .3s;

}

section#work ul li.project2:hover a.blackproject2 aside {
	display: block;
	background-color: #000;
	filter: alpha(opacity=80);
	-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=90)";
	filter: alpha(opacity=80);
	opacity: 0.8;
}

section#work ul li.project2 a.blackproject2 aside img {
width: 350px;
height: 110px;
margin: 20px auto auto auto;
z-index: 3;
text-align: center;
}

section#work ul li.project2 a.blackproject2 aside h3 {
	color: #03f1cc;
}

/*project > project 3*/

section#work ul li.project3 {
	width: 100%;
	height: 290px;
	background: url(../img/lula-hover-bg.jpg) #03a3dd no-repeat 50% 50%;
	background-color: #000;
	padding-top: 70px;
	overflow: hidden;

}

section#work ul li.project3 a.blackproject3{
		text-decoration: none;
		display: block;
		z-index: 1;
}

section#work ul li.project3 .content-capa3 h5 {
	color: #000;
	width: 535px;
	margin: auto;
}

section#work ul li.project3 .content-capa3  h3 {
	color: #fff;
	margin-bottom: 5px;

}

section#work ul li.project3 .content-capa3  h4 {
	color: #000;
	margin-bottom: 40px;

}

section#work ul li.project3 .content-capa3 {
	display: block;
	position: relative;
	width: 100%;
	height: 290px;
	padding-top: 70px;
	background-color: #d71313;
	opacity: 10;
	top: -430px;
	-webkit-transition: .3s;
	-moz-transition: .3s;
	-o-transition: .3s;
	transition: .3s;

}

section#work ul li.project3:hover .content-capa3 {
	opacity: 0;
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)";
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
}

section#work ul li.project3 a.blackproject3 aside {

	width: 100%;
	height: 290px;
	padding-top: 70px;
	top: -70px;
	position: relative;
	margin: auto;
	z-index: 3;
	text-align: center;
	background-color: #000;
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)";
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	opacity: 0;
	-webkit-transition: .3s;
	-moz-transition: .3s;
	-o-transition: .3s;
	-ms-transition: .3s;
	transition: .3s;

}

section#work ul li.project3:hover a.blackproject3 aside {
	display: block;
	background-color: #000;
	filter: alpha(opacity=80);
	-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=90)";
	filter: alpha(opacity=80);
	opacity: 0.8;
}

section#work ul li.project3 a.blackproject3 aside img {
width: 350px;
height: 110px;
margin: 20px auto auto auto;
z-index: 3;
text-align: center;
}

section#work ul li.project3 a.blackproject3 aside h3 {
	color: #03f1cc;
}

/*project > project 5 - METRO*/

section#work ul li.project5 {
	width: 100%;
	height: 290px;
	background: url(../img/metro-hover-bg.jpg) #0d8ab9 no-repeat 50% 50%;
	background-color: #000;
	padding-top: 70px;
	overflow: hidden;

}

section#work ul li.project5 a.blackproject5{
		text-decoration: none;
		display: block;
		z-index: 1;
}

section#work ul li.project5 .content-capa5 h5 {
	color: #fff;
	width: 535px;
	margin: auto;
}

section#work ul li.project5 .content-capa5  h3 {
	color: #fff;
	margin-bottom: 5px;

}

section#work ul li.project5 .content-capa5  h4 {
	color: #fff;
	margin-bottom: 40px;

}

section#work ul li.project5 .content-capa5 {
	display: block;
	position: relative;
	width: 100%;
	height: 290px;
	padding-top: 70px;
	background-color: #0d8ab9;
	opacity: 10;
	top: -430px;
	-webkit-transition: .3s;
	-moz-transition: .3s;
	-o-transition: .3s;
	transition: .3s;

}

section#work ul li.project5:hover .content-capa5 {
	opacity: 0;
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)";
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
}

section#work ul li.project5 a.blackproject5 aside {

	width: 100%;
	height: 290px;
	padding-top: 70px;
	top: -70px;
	position: relative;
	margin: auto;
	z-index: 3;
	text-align: center;
	background-color: #000;
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)";
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	opacity: 0;
	-webkit-transition: .3s;
	-moz-transition: .3s;
	-o-transition: .3s;
	-ms-transition: .3s;
	transition: .3s;

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The consequences of the Maccabean revolt radically altered the course of history and led to a struggle for the future direction of both Judaism and the Jewish people; the ripples of which we still feel today. This session will look at the religious consequences of how this struggle between those arguing for the supremacy of the Keterim (Crowns) of Malchut (Kingship), Kehuna (Priesthood) and Torah brought about rabbinic Judaism as we know it today… and the Jewish vision for a better tomorrow.
I would like to thank the Nathan family for asking me to speak here today. I am delighted to be here.
Clemens Nathan was a mentor and friend. He was the quiet man of the Jewish community: he got things done without a fanfare and in my opinion deserved more public recognition for his role in fighting for the rights of Holocaust survivors, of promoting human rights and for engaging in real diplomacy. His own history as a refugee from Nazi Germany helped shape his philosophy: a passion for both human rights and for the Jewish community. Clemens liked to engage in philosophical ideas and was interested in multi-disciplinary approaches to issues but most of all he liked to engage with people. My time with Clemens was always an adventure into the world of statesmen and women, of quiet diplomacy and of missions to right a wrong. He was always supportive of young people whether that was in his support of Shenker College or being our first patron and our mentoring when we established CCJO.Rene Cassin. In death, he has had many deserved tributes. As I said, in my view he deserved more plaudits in life too.
In Rabbi School we are exploring the sometime complex concept of pray and the views of leading 20th century rabbis on this topic. The course covers Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel who is claimed by several traditions within Judaism. For me, Heschel is best remembered as the civil rights rabbi who went to Selma and marched alongside Dr Martin Luther King. He claimed at Selma he was 'praying with his legs'.
In a number of his essays he expresses his concerns that 1950s American congregations had a disconnect from prayer. He paints a depressing portrait , perhaps for Heschel, of a generation who are forgetting how to pray: of synagogues turning into arenas rather than a community of full participants. He is critical of communities where the rabbi or cantor prefers to perform in front of his congregations rather than to lead pray amongst them For him you and leaning on his own Hassidic tradition have to put your whole self into prayer 'in a complete turning of heart towards G-d" "in a yielding of the soul".
Events always seem to takeover. Paris. Tragedy strikes again.I had accepted a few weeks back an invitation to attend the England v France match at Wembley with members of the FA's Faith in Football group which I chair… what had been a run-of-the-mill friendly was now something far more.
Stepping out onto Olympic Way at Wembley with my son seemed like an act of defiance. It seemed that every fan walking down that road was sending a message and that every step was an act of faith.
The Wembley arch was lit up in red, white and blue. The words 'liberté, egalité, fraternité' emblazoned across the stadium.
As the match ended we took the long walk to Wembley Park. People were singing, embracing: french fans, england fans, football fans, humanity fans. We seemed to be walking with a common spirit. We had been part of something bigger than sport.
I would like to thank Winchester Cathedral, Winchester University and the Lovell family for this opportunity to speak at the annual interfaith lecture. This is a Cathedral that I often visited as a child. Its history and architecture fascinated the schoolboy in me. In some ways my journey engaging with other faiths commenced here. As a young theologian at Manchester University, Canon Andrew White brought me here to meet with Donald Cogan. The former Archbishop was erudite; his knowledge of Hebrew and the Talmud left an impression on me. His message was simple and apropos to tonight: we need to understand each other, learn about each other or risk not truly knowing ourselves.


Gotta read the flowchart down to the end.
I wanna hook up my ps3 with a 24c gold chain.
Yer late, Ken beat ya to it.
3 hours off the mark.
But really, the big question is, why was Ken at mint.com?
I wonder if Ken doesn't have an answer either.
Because I got it off of gizmodo, and had the common internet courtesy to link to the original link.
Are you kidding. How do you think he got to 13000 posts.
What? Ken's at 13000? I better speed up!


text:
Science from the Street: Co-producing Knowledge from the Ground Level
Laura Buchholz
Anthropology and Environmental Sciences Sections
Science from the Street
The May 23, 2006, joint meeting of the Environmental Sciences and Anthropology sections broached the topic of community engagement in scientific studies. Among the findings discussed were three case studies in New York—two in Greenpoint/Williamsburg and one in the South Bronx—that illustrate the benefit of effective communication between local communities and scientific experts in the context of environmental projects. The speakers emphasized the value that local residents and social organizations add to gathering and evaluating data and to ensuring that professional science pays attention to social and cultural issues.
El Puente is a local organization in North Brooklyn that organizes and encourages local residents to pursue health, arts, education, and scientific projects within their communities.
The Hunter College Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH)
Founded in 1986, the COEH was one of the first organizations to partner with community groups in Greenpoint/Williamsburg to investigate environmental health hazards. Today, the COEH works with community-based organizations, schools, labor unions, private employers, and federal, municipal, and state agencies to promote better understanding, access to information, and improved skills in addressing workplace and environmental hazards.
National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS)
The NIEHS is a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and is dedicated to studying the relationship between the environment and human health.
Sustainable South Bronx
Founded in 2001 by Majora Carter, Sustainable South Bronx (SSB) develops and implements community-based environmental justice projects in the South Bronx.
Corburn, J. 2005. Street Science: Community Knowledge and Environmental Health Justice. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Corburn, J. 2003. Bringing local knowledge into environmental decision making: improving urban planning for communities at risk. J. Plan. Educ. Res. 22: 420-433.
Corburn, J. 2002. Combining community-based research and local knowledge to confront asthma and subsistence-fishing hazards in Greenpoint/Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York. Environ. Health Perspect. 110: 241-248. Full Text
Ledogar, R. J., A. Penxhaszadeh, C. C. Garden, et al. 2000. Asthma and Latino cultures: different prevalence reported among groups sharing the same environment. Am. J. Public Health 90: 929-935. Full Text
Jason Corburn, PhD
Jason Corburn is an assistant professor in the Urban Planning Program of the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, and the School of International and Public Affairs, at Columbia University. Before joining the faculty of Columbia in 2005, Coburn was a fellow in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Health and Society Scholars program. He is also the former codirector of the Center for Occupational and Environmental Health at Hunter College, City University of New York and was a senior planner with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection.
Coburn's research and practice explores issues of urban environmental health disparities, and how community participation in science and technology policy can address social inequities. His book, Street Science: Community Knowledge and Environmental Health Justice (MIT Press, 2005), explores how local knowledge and professional science can improve research and decision-making to promote more technically sound and socially just urban health policy. Corburn is the recipient of the national Environmental Leadership Program award and a Harvard Law School, dissertation fellowship. He received his BA in politics from Brandeis University, and a Master's degree in city planning and a PhD in urban environmental planning from MIT.
Rob Crauderueff
email | web site
Rob Crauderueff is Project Coordinator for the Green and Cool Roof Demonstration Project, which will provide the basis for Smart Roofs, Inc. He also coordinates brown-field redevelopment projects in the South Bronx.
Crauderueff attended Columbia University as an urban studies major. His senior thesis incorporated research performed for SSB as an intern for Columbia's Earth Institute, and a framework for understanding urban heat island mitigation strategies—especially cool roofs and green roofs—in the New York City context. Additionally, in 2004 Rob performed an ethnography detailing the success of the Ecuadoran "ecological city" of Loja, and then volunteered as a consultant to another Ecuadoran city that strove to become sustainable. He also worked with students and faculty at Columbia to begin a year-long seminar that studied sustainability in an international comparative perspective.
Marta Rodríguez
Marta Rodríguez has lived in Hunts Point since the age of 4 and learned about SSB at a celebration that honored South Bronx Environmental Justice Heroes in 2003. She is the mother of two children, Justin and Jaeleen. After that event, and encouraged by the memory of her mother, Toya, a community activist, Marta was inspired to commit herself to becoming active in the community. Marta became part of the Community Council at SSB and volunteered whenever she was needed. Marta was one of the founders of the Green the Ghetto Toxic Tours. Marta became the Community Outreach Coordinator at SSB in 2004; one of her main goals is to help SSB create a better, cleaner and healthier South Bronx.
Laura Buchholz is a science-educated writer and editor who has worked for the Hastings Center, Praxis.md, breastcancer.org, and Rockefeller University Press. In her other persona she writes comedy for the radio shows A Prairie Home Companion with Garrison Keillor and The Next Big Thing. She can be seen every Sunday in Saturday Night Rewritten, a live sketch show at Juvie Hall in New York City.


Half (1/2) of the room rent is required for all reservations. A deposit guarantees for you that we will hold the space as outlined in the reservation request and for us, that you will take the entire period booked. You are responsible for the number of nights reserved. All rooms based on double occupancy. Rates are subject to change without prior notification.
A $100 security/damage deposit is required at the time of check-in. This money will be refunded to you at time of departure, after the room has been inspected by management.
Balance is due upon day of arrival. All payments are made in cash or major credit cards. No checks are accepted.
Deposits will be forfeited unless notice of cancellation is received 30 days prior to arrival date. This includes credit card deposits.
Please note that accommodations are for registered guests only.
Requests are specially noted, but not guaranteed.
Rates are per night and based on 2 or 4 people, based on # of beds (except for weekly rates and holidays).
Check-in time: 2:00 P.M. / Check-out time: 10:00 A.M.
Additional persons in room $20.00 each.
NJ Sales Tax and NJ Lodging Tax not included in rate quoted.
Reservation required with deposit to guarantee rates.
Cash, Credit Cards, Bank Certified Check, Money Order Accepted.
ID is required for registration. Only adults (18 years or older) may register.
Guests may see accommodation before checking-in. Once checked-in no monies can be retuned or refunded (except security deposit provided there is no damage or loss) for early departure / check-out due to change of plans, since the registration form cannot be voided after check-in.
Upon registration, all occupants must record their names & phone numbers. Unrecorded guest(s) risk accountability in an event of emergency.
All deposits to hold room(s) are non-refundable if a guest does not check-in on the stipulated date/time. Upon check-in, the room holding deposit is transferred to the room security deposit.
Registrant shall be financially responsible for leaving a littered or unsanitary room or any loss or damage to the motel property by the occupants. Registrant must return all key(s), extra towels, etc. at check-out. Loss of damages, if any, shall be deducted out of the security deposit before any refund at check-out.
The following activities are deemed to be injurious to public health and therefore prohibited: Loud and abusive noises coming from guests all hours of the day and night within and upon the motel's premises; Boisterous activities; Unruly and profane language; Public drunkenness; Overcrowding upon or near the hotel premises; Use of fireworks; Public urination; Making of any noise of such character, intensity, or duration as to be detrimental to the life, health, or welfare of any individual or which either steadily or intermittently annoys, disturbs, injures, or endangers the comfort, repose, peace of safety of any individual.
No loitering, leaning, standing, or hanging around the motel balcony or deck is permitted.
No drinking of alcohol outside of rooms is permitted.
Registrant shall be responsible for the conduct of accompanying children and minors. NJ state law prohibits alcohol consumption under the age of 21 years old.
All occupants are expected to dispose of beverages bottles/cans and cigarette butts properly. Extra garbage bags are available upon request.
Guests are requested to lower their television volume after 11PM.
This motel is temporary vacation housing; Occupants will not be considered residents of Seaside Heights, NJ. While registering, you must include your permanent address.
Management reserves the right to enter the rented premises at reasonable hours for maintenance, etc.
Only one free parking space will be provided on first come first serve basis per room.
Parking permit must be displayed clearly on rearview mirror showing room # through the windshield.


What is a Computer Virus and What Does It Do?
In 2013, the botnet virus Gameover ZueS was discovered to use peer-to-peer downloading sites to distribute ransomware and commit banking fraud. While tens of thousands of computer viruses still roam the internet, they have diversified their methods and are now joined by a number of malware variants like worms, Trojans, and ransomware.
An unprotected computer is like an open door for computer viruses. Firewalls monitor Internet traffic in and out of your computer and hide your PC from online scammers looking for easy targets. Products like Webroot Internet Security Complete and Webroot Antivirus provide complete protection from the two most dangerous threats on the Internet – spyware and computer viruses. They thwart threats before they can enter your computer, stand guard at every possible entrance of your computer and fend off any computer virus that tries to open, even the most damaging and devious strains.
While free antivirus downloads are available, they just can't offer the computer virus help you need to keep up with the continuous onslaught of new strains. Previously undetected forms of polymorphic malware can often do the most damage, so it's critical to have up-to-the-minute, guaranteed antivirus protection.


text:
Software Firm UBUBU Hopes Its Planets Get Overpopulated
By Cate T. CorcoranThe Wall Street Journal Interactive Edition
March 4, 2000 9:29 am ET
SAN FRANCISCO -- A software start-up here has developed a replacement for Web-browser bookmarks that could evolve into a new form of Web-based entertainment and community.
UBUBU Inc., whose name is pronounced "you be you be you," has also signed up several companies willing to try out its new form of Web advertising.
If the software catches on, cyberspace may eventually look more like outer space. The product, called UBUBU Universe, begins with a three-dimensional revolving planet that sits on the user's desktop and looks like interactive wallpaper. Users can "populate" the planet with three-dimensional icons, which represent hotlinks to Web sites of the user's choosing. The program, which takes less than 10 minutes to download using a dial-up modem, doesn't replace a Web browser, but launches a browser window when a user clicks on a site's icon.
The company says its software offers consumers a more fun and efficient way to surf the Internet.
"What UBUBU lets you do is create planets where everything on the planets are things you care about and are there because you put them there," says 35-year-old founder and Chief Executive Officer Brian Backus.


All you need to observe is the shape of the front of the house, windows and door placement position. Also, if there is an extra on the front such as fences, good fence shape, also other variations of the shape of the house as there are carvings walled. Usually the minimalist homes just a line engravings monotonous lines that give the impression of luxury firm and who are on the walls and foundation piles. Keep in mind, look at the all detail so that you can get a good example of a minimalist home.
Although just an extra, but function in a minimalist home garden pretty good. This is due to give the impression of not rigid and fresh. Because the house is usually a tendency to have a minimalist style of fresh garden. Usually the shape of the garden of house types such as these tend to be simple, simple and exotic. You can imitate someone else's home garden and how to combine them to suit the condition of your home. See also The Advantages Of Simple Minimalist House In 2014.
Although trivial, but the right color can support the appearance of the house with minimalist design. Characteristic of Best Minimalist House Design is not too flashy and pleasing to the eye or seem soft and quiet. The white color is a color that is often chosen because it shows a side of the "modern" and "elegant" which are a symbol of urban people who love the elegant colors. For troubleshooting, look for examples of home modifications that have a color that looks modern and elegant. Usually found in some modern housing in big cities.
Those are some tips to help you search for examples of minimalist home. Hopefully the above tips can help you in choosing a minimalist design that solidify in realizing your dream home.


BTN STAFF Dr. David Dao had a video of him being dragged off an United Airlines flight go viral. Now the humiliation, pain and suffering will probably make him a rich man. United Airlines has settle the lawsuit with Dr….
THRASHERSAF Article Submission Flamin' Hot Cheetos have become a popular snack, but what are the dangers of consuming excessive amounts of this delicious snack?


text:
HomeLeaving Amish Paradise
Leaving Amish Paradise
Catch up TV on Leaving Amish Paradise. Watch the latest and all other episodes of Leaving Amish Paradise now online, broadcast on ABC1. Catch up on your favorite ABC1 TV show: Leaving Amish Paradise. Replay tv on its best! Follows the lives of two Amish families who leave the only life they have ever known, and try to come to grips with the modern world.
Rating:3.0 of 5Total number of episodes:2
20/04/2014 3.0 52 x
Follows the lives of two Amish families who leave the only life they have ever known, and try to come to grips with the modern world.
Episodes 2013
RageRage, which is often stylised as simply rage, is an Australian music video program that is broadcast on ABC in the nights and on the mornings of Friday and Saturday.
ABC News BreakfastCatch Up on ABC News Breakfast and watch online. Missed an episode of ABC News Breakfast? Find and watch all the latest episodes.
ABC News (show)ABC News is the national news service of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), produced by the company's News and Current Affairs division. The television version consists of news bulletins throughout the day, including state-based bulletins every night of the week at 7PM.
Call The MidwifeCall the Midwife is a British drama series written for television revolving around the day-to-day lives of a group of midwives working in the impoverished East End of London, Great Britain, in the 1950's and 1960's.


Achieving controlled collaboration between employees, business transactions and reporting.
Syspro Workflow Services is based on the Windows Workflow Foundation and Windows Communication Foundation. It provides the tools necessary to build and run visual workflows to ensure business processes are carried out exactly as planned. And it's good to know that this control and validation process applies not only within Syspro but also between Syspro and external applications and systems.
Here's an example: A purchase order can be created in Syspro that initiates an e-mail to an authorized approver; the approver in turn can directly approve or reject the order within the e-mail without logging into Syspro. This is recorded by the workflow system, which in turn updates the purchase order status, allowing or prohibiting subsequent processing.


Financial Investor Portfolio & Yearly Dividend Income!
When I started investing in the Stock Market I invested in Growth Stocks such as BABA, AMZN, EXPE, W, NFLX, GOOGL.
In May 2017, I changed my goal and started building a Dividend Portfolio. I no longer wanted to speculate on what others were willing to buy at a higher price.
This portfolio is constantly changing week after week as new capital is added, the above does not include my Roth 401(k) or TSP as they mainly invest in Vanguard Funds or follow the S&P.


text:
The Pearl, 641 North High Street, Columbus
Enter Your Date/Time
p 1 person 2 people 3 people 4 people 5 people 6 people 7 people 8 people 9 people 10 people 11 people 12 people 13 people 14 people 15 people 16 people 17 people 18 people 19 people 20 people
~ 00:00 00:30 01:00 01:30 02:00 02:30 03:00 03:30 04:00 04:30	05:00 05:30 06:00 06:30 07:00 07:30 08:00 08:30 09:00 09:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00 16:30 17:00 17:30 18:00 18:30 19:00 19:30 20:00 20:30 21:00 21:30 22:00 22:30 23:00 23:30
About The Pearl
Average Price: $31 to $50
Cuisine: Gastro Pub
Dress Code: Casual Dress
v 1.2 miles from Columbus center (as shown on map)
A Jewel Long in the Making. And well worth the wait. Cameron Mitchell's, The Pearl, is a well-polished culinary jewel that showcases made-from-scratch food, classically inspired cocktails and an exclusive selection of Ales, Lagers & Stouts. All within one urban and cozy tavern. White exposed brick, original hard wood floors, over-sized iron beams and windows that open to High Street complete this unique gastropub, located in the Short North Arts District.
Our Valet Service is available during normal hours and the garage behind us on West Russell is also open for business.
The Pearl Customer Reviews
Many have visited, but none have returned to tell the tale. Will you be the first to write a review of The Pearl?
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The Pearl 641 North High Street, Columbus
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NEW Denis Wick '4AL' Trombone mouthpiece in silver plate (large shank).
The original "A" model, the first one designed by Denis Wick for his own use. May be heard on countless LSO recordings, including the "Star Wars" series. Also a fine euphonium mouthpiece. Used by Byron Fulcher, 1st trombone of the Philharmonia Orchestra, London.


text:
Steve Flinders: Imagine
After the Maltese investigative journalist, Daphne Caruana Galizia, was assassinated by a car bomb in October 2016, thousands of shocked Maltese citizens assembled twice in the following fortnight to demonstrate against governmental corruption and cover-up. The organisers chose Lennon's Imagine as the song of hope for both protests. The organisers were predominantly women.
Since the last male-dominated millennium has brought us to the brink of environmental catastrophe, I have been imagining how women might get us out of this mess. I am encouraged by all the stories I see about women mobilising across the world. Just this week, I have read that in January, five million women in Kerala, India, formed a 620-kilometre-long wall to demonstrate for gender equality.
How can we support the massive shift needed to achieve real gender equality and fairness? Imagine a female US President committed to a Green New Deal – I am not the only one who does; and a woman in charge of Russia; imagine the seven members of the Chinese Communist Party Politburo were all women, not men.
France and Norway have quotas for women in the boardroom, but we can take that a lot further. It should not be difficult to legislate for women in big companies to constitute approximately the same proportion of senior management as for the workforce as a whole. 57 per cent of Tesco's 440,000-strong workforce are women, but only 25 per cent of its senior management are, despite its declared commitment to equal opportunities. If in five years, Tesco has a female chair, CEO and seven out of ten women board members, instead of the opposite, as today, these claims will sound less hollow.
"Imagine all the people, sharing all the world." It's easy if we all try.
TEXT & PHOTO: STEVE FLINDERS
Steve Flinders is a freelance trainer, writer and coach, based in Malta, who helps people develop their communication and leadership skills for working internationally:
steveflind@aol.com
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Steve Flinders: 'National culture' – handle with care
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text:
Sony Masterworks 12/20/2019 Download
TV Series/TV film Film release: 2019
2. Into the House
3. Making a Cake
4. A Tea Party
5. Tiger Arrives
6. Can I Have Tea with You?
7. Eating Tea, Part 1
9. Cake!
10. Be Careful It's Hot
11. Prowling
12. In the Cupboard
13. Hey Tiger! Robbie Williams
14. Drinking Daddy's Beer
15. Into the Bathroom
16. At the Beach
17. Bye Bye Tiger
18. Bathtime
19. Daddy's Home
20. To the Café
21. But He Never Did
Sony Masterworks presents a soundtrack album for the animated The Tiger Who Came to Tea. The album contains the film's music composed by David Arnold.
The animated TV special will also feature a brand new track, Hey Tiger!, which was penned by composer David Arnold and Oscar-winning lyricist Don Black, and sung by Robbie Williams.
The soundtrack is available on December 20, 2019.
The Tiger Who Came to Tea is directed by Robin Shaw with the voices of David Oyelowo, Benedict Cumberbatch, Tamsin Greig, David Walliams and Paul Whitehouse. The animated short premiered in the UK on Channel 4.
Based on the classic children's book by the much-loved Judith Kerr OBE, who sadly died in May this year, the half-hour film will bring to life the vivid images and irresistible story of this classic picture book turning it into a truly festive family treat.
A young girl, Sophie, and her Mummy, who are waiting for daddy to return home when they receive a rather unexpected guest, Tiger — who then proceeds to ransack the kitchen cupboards….
More info at: Official website Channel 4


Sorry! No routes available from Uduma at this moment. Click here to go to Home.
Udma is a small village in the Kasargod district of Kerala. It is a part of the Kanhagad taluka in the North Kerala division. It is renowned for its coir and handloom industries. Due to its close proximity to the Arabian Sea, it experiences humid climate all through the year. The livelihood of the people here depends mainly on fisheries since it has a vast coastline.
Since Udma does not have any big hotels, the closest place to find accommodation is the town of Kasargod. It has hotels like Hotel City Tower (Rs. 900), Hotel Apsara Regency (Rs. 500), Hotel Deira City Residency (Rs. 800) and Eney Tourist Home (Rs. 300).
Malayalam is the official language here. The other major languages spoken here include Tulu, Kannada, Hindi, Konkani and the regional dialect of Beary Bashe.
Onam is the major festival that is celebrated here. The Sarvajanik Ganeshotsavam, Christmas, Easter, Eid and Thiruvathira are the other important occasions celebrated in Udma.
Ananthpura Lake Temple, Bekal Fort, Madhur Temple, Chandragiri Fort, Kareem's Forest Park are some of the major places of interest around Udma.
The airport closest to Udma is the Mangalore airport (66 km).
Kasargod Railway station (7 km) is an important junction which is close to Udma.
Kasargoad is the nearest bus station to Udma. There is good bus connectivity to Kasargod where operators like Kallada Travels, Sri Durgamba Travels, Ganesh Tours & Travels and SRS Travels provide their services. These buses also ply to Cochin, Coimbatore, Thissur and Trivandrum as well. You don't have to stand in serpentine queues anymore as you can easily book bus ticket online.


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How to Create New File Systems/Partitions in the Terminal on Linux By Derrik Diener – Posted on Nov 1, 2015 Oct 29, 2015 in Linux Partition editing or making new file systems on Linux usually means one thing: installing the Gnome Parted partition editor (GParted).... A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of units forming an integrated whole. Every system is delineated by its spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded and influenced by its environment, described by its structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning.
In the System Properties box, make sure you are in System Protection tab. In the System Protection tab click on Create button to create your own Restore Point for Windows 10. In the System Protection tab click on Create button to create your own Restore Point for Windows 10.
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MNN.com > Earth Matters > Climate & Weather
Narwhals enlisted to collect data for climate scientists
Thermometer-strapped narwhals were able to take temperature readings even in the most inaccessible depths of icy Baffin Bay.
Bryan Nelson
November 2, 2010, 5:52 p.m.
MARINE UNICORNS: Narwhals, famous for their unicorn-like tusks, are Arctic whales remotely related to belugas. (Photo: Glenn Williams/Wiki Commons)
Climate scientists hoping to collect data about fluctuating sea temperatures in the inaccessible and icy waters of Baffin Bay have enlisted the aid of some unconventional interns: narwhals.
Arctic waters like those in Baffin Bay represent an embarrassing data hole for researchers hoping to better predict and monitor the effects of global warming. Harsh winters make measuring temperatures in the Bay's depths an impossibility, and researchers are typically forced to make loose estimates from data collected at small coastal settlements which are often far apart from one another.
So when marine biologist Kristin Laidre, a researcher from the University of Washington, offered to share temperature data collected during her biological study of narwhals, climate scientists jumped at the chance, reports Nature.
"The animals have what we call high site fidelity," Laidre said. "We can catch some during summer, instrument them, and have a pretty good idea where they're going to go during winter."
In all, 14 narwhals were strapped with thermometers and satellite transmitters for the study. Throughout the winter, the unusual tusked marine mammals gave the most comprehensive coverage of the bay ever recorded, occasionally even diving to depths as deep as 1,773 meters.
The results were alarming. After combining the data from the narwhals with a series of samples taken from a helicopter and a ship in the spring of 2007, researchers discovered that waters in the center of Baffin Bay were about 0.9 °C warmer than previous estimates had suggested.
"It's always exciting to fill in a gap," said oceanographer Mike Steele, who co-authored the study, "but to find warming was not surprising."
Understanding the fluctuating temperatures in Baffin Bay and other Arctic waters in the region are important because they allow climate scientists to make better climate models. The region's pack ice, which includes Greenland's extensive ice cover, is in danger of collapsing if global temperatures continue to rise.
Scientists said they hope narwhals can continue to supply valuable data going forward, and Laidre is already envisioning ways to improve future studies.
"We were a little constrained as to how large an instrument we want to put on a narwhal," she said. "But if we were to continue this in the future we would like to talk more to oceanographers about what they need — for example salinity measurements."
Related topics: Arctic, Climate Change, Global Warming
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