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STEPHEN HAWKING: How to build a time machine
By: Anthony Frank
All you need is a wormhole, the Large Hadron Collider or a rocket that goes really, really fast
'Through the wormhole, the scientist can see himself as he was one minute ago. But what if our scientist uses the wormhole to shoot his earlier self? He's now dead. So who fired the shot?'
Hello. My name is Stephen Hawking. Physicist, cosmologist and something of a dreamer. Although I cannot move and I have to speak through a computer, in my mind I am free. Free to explore the universe and ask the big questions, such as: is time travel possible? Can we open a portal to the past or find a shortcut to the future? Can we ultimately use the laws of nature to become masters of time itself?
Time travel was once considered scientific heresy. I used to avoid talking about it for fear of being labelled a crank. But these days I'm not so cautious. In fact, I'm more like the people who built Stonehenge. I'm obsessed by time. If I had a time machine I'd visit Marilyn Monroe in her prime or drop in on Galileo as he turned his telescope to the heavens. Perhaps I'd even travel to the end of the universe to find out how our whole cosmic story ends.
To see how this might be possible, we need to look at time as physicists do - at the fourth dimension. It's not as hard as it sounds. Every attentive schoolchild knows that all physical objects, even me in my chair, exist in three dimensions. Everything has a width and a height and a length.
But there is another kind of length, a length in time. While a human may survive for 80 years, the stones at Stonehenge, for instance, have stood around for thousands of years. And the solar system will last for billions of years. Everything has a length in time as well as space. Travelling in time means travelling through this fourth dimension.
To see what that means, let's imagine we're doing a bit of normal, everyday car travel. Drive in a straight line and you're travelling in one dimension. Turn right or left and you add the second dimension. Drive up or down a twisty mountain road and that adds height, so that's travelling in all three dimensions. But how on Earth do we travel in time? How do we find a path through the fourth dimension?
Let's indulge in a little science fiction for a moment. Time travel movies often feature a vast, energy-hungry machine. The machine creates a path through the fourth dimension, a tunnel through time. A time traveller, a brave, perhaps foolhardy individual, prepared for who knows what, steps into the time tunnel and emerges who knows when. The concept may be far-fetched, and the reality may be very different from this, but the idea itself is not so crazy.
Physicists have been thinking about tunnels in time too, but we come at it from a different angle. We wonder if portals to the past or the future could ever be possible within the laws of nature. As it turns out, we think they are. What's more, we've even given them a name: wormholes. The truth is that wormholes are all around us, only they're too small to see. Wormholes are very tiny. They occur in nooks and crannies in space and time. You might find it a tough concept, but stay with me.
A wormhole is a theoretical 'tunnel' or shortcut, predicted by Einstein's theory of relativity, that links two places in space-time - visualised above as the contours of a 3-D map, where negative energy pulls space and time into the mouth of a tunnel, emerging in another universe. They remain only hypothetical, as obviously nobody has ever seen one, but have been used in films as conduits for time travel - in Stargate (1994), for example, involving gated tunnels between universes, and in Time Bandits (1981), where their locations are shown on a celestial map
Nothing is flat or solid. If you look closely enough at anything you'll find holes and wrinkles in it. It's a basic physical principle, and it even applies to time. Even something as smooth as a pool ball has tiny crevices, wrinkles and voids. Now it's easy to show that this is true in the first three dimensions. But trust me, it's also true of the fourth dimension. There are tiny crevices, wrinkles and voids in time. Down at the smallest of scales, smaller even than molecules, smaller than atoms, we get to a place called the quantum foam. This is where wormholes exist. Tiny tunnels or shortcuts through space and time constantly form, disappear, and reform within this quantum world. And they actually link two separate places and two different times.
Unfortunately, these real-life time tunnels are just a billion-trillion-trillionths of a centimetre across. Way too small for a human to pass through - but here's where the notion of wormhole time machines is leading. Some scientists think it may be possible to capture a wormhole and enlarge it many trillions of times to make it big enough for a human or even a spaceship to enter.
Given enough power and advanced technology, perhaps a giant wormhole could even be constructed in space. I'm not saying it can be done, but if it could be, it would be a truly remarkable device. One end could be here near Earth, and the other far, far away, near some distant planet.
Theoretically, a time tunnel or wormhole could do even more than take us to other planets. If both ends were in the same place, and separated by time instead of distance, a ship could fly in and come out still near Earth, but in the distant past. Maybe dinosaurs would witness the ship coming in for a landing.
The fastest manned vehicle in history was Apollo 10. It reached 25,000mph. But to travel in time we'll have to go more than 2,000 times faster
Now, I realise that thinking in four dimensions is not easy, and that wormholes are a tricky concept to wrap your head around, but hang in there. I've thought up a simple experiment that could reveal if human time travel through a wormhole is possible now, or even in the future. I like simple experiments, and champagne.
So I've combined two of my favourite things to see if time travel from the future to the past is possible.
Let's imagine I'm throwing a party, a welcome reception for future time travellers. But there's a twist. I'm not letting anyone know about it until after the party has happened. I've drawn up an invitation giving the exact coordinates in time and space. I am hoping copies of it, in one form or another, will be around for many thousands of years. Maybe one day someone living in the future will find the information on the invitation and use a wormhole time machine to come back to my party, proving that time travel will, one day, be possible.
In the meantime, my time traveller guests should be arriving any moment now. Five, four, three, two, one. But as I say this, no one has arrived. What a shame. I was hoping at least a future Miss Universe was going to step through the door. So why didn't the experiment work? One of the reasons might be because of a well-known problem with time travel to the past, the problem of what we call paradoxes.
Paradoxes are fun to think about. The most famous one is usually called the Grandfather paradox. I have a new, simpler version I call the Mad Scientist paradox.
I don't like the way scientists in movies are often described as mad, but in this case, it's true. This chap is determined to create a paradox, even if it costs him his life. Imagine, somehow, he's built a wormhole, a time tunnel that stretches just one minute into the past.
Hawking in a scene from Star Trek with dinner guests from the past, and future: (from left) Albert Einstein, Data and Isaac Newton
Through the wormhole, the scientist can see himself as he was one minute ago. But what if our scientist uses the wormhole to shoot his earlier self? He's now dead. So who fired the shot? It's a paradox. It just doesn't make sense. It's the sort of situation that gives cosmologists nightmares.
This kind of time machine would violate a fundamental rule that governs the entire universe - that causes happen before effects, and never the other way around. I believe things can't make themselves impossible. If they could then there'd be nothing to stop the whole universe from descending into chaos. So I think something will always happen that prevents the paradox. Somehow there must be a reason why our scientist will never find himself in a situation where he could shoot himself. And in this case, I'm sorry to say, the wormhole itself is the problem.
In the end, I think a wormhole like this one can't exist. And the reason for that is feedback. If you've ever been to a rock gig, you'll probably recognise this screeching noise. It's feedback. What causes it is simple. Sound enters the microphone. It's transmitted along the wires, made louder by the amplifier, and comes out at the speakers. But if too much of the sound from the speakers goes back into the mic it goes around and around in a loop getting louder each time. If no one stops it, feedback can destroy the sound system.
The same thing will happen with a wormhole, only with radiation instead of sound. As soon as the wormhole expands, natural radiation will enter it, and end up in a loop. The feedback will become so strong it destroys the wormhole. So although tiny wormholes do exist, and it may be possible to inflate one some day, it won't last long enough to be of use as a time machine. That's the real reason no one could come back in time to my party.
Any kind of time travel to the past through wormholes or any other method is probably impossible, otherwise paradoxes would occur. So sadly, it looks like time travel to the past is never going to happen. A disappointment for dinosaur hunters and a relief for historians.
But the story's not over yet. This doesn't make all time travel impossible. I do believe in time travel. Time travel to the future. Time flows like a river and it seems as if each of us is carried relentlessly along by time's current. But time is like a river in another way. It flows at different speeds in different places and that is the key to travelling into the future. This idea was first proposed by Albert Einstein over 100 years ago. He realised that there should be places where time slows down, and others where time speeds up. He was absolutely right. And the proof is right above our heads. Up in space.
This is the Global Positioning System, or GPS. A network of satellites is in orbit around Earth. The satellites make satellite navigation possible. But they also reveal that time runs faster in space than it does down on Earth. Inside each spacecraft is a very precise clock. But despite being so accurate, they all gain around a third of a billionth of a second every day. The system has to correct for the drift, otherwise that tiny difference would upset the whole system, causing every GPS device on Earth to go out by about six miles a day. You can just imagine the mayhem that that would cause.
The problem doesn't lie with the clocks. They run fast because time itself runs faster in space than it does down below. And the reason for this extraordinary effect is the mass of the Earth. Einstein realised that matter drags on time and slows it down like the slow part of a river. The heavier the object, the more it drags on time. And this startling reality is what opens the door to the possibility of time travel to the future.
Right in the centre of the Milky Way, 26,000 light years from us, lies the heaviest object in the galaxy. It is a supermassive black hole containing the mass of four million suns crushed down into a single point by its own gravity. The closer you get to the black hole, the stronger the gravity. Get really close and not even light can escape. A black hole like this one has a dramatic effect on time, slowing it down far more than anything else in the galaxy. That makes it a natural time machine.
I like to imagine how a spaceship might be able to take advantage of this phenomenon, by orbiting it. If a space agency were controlling the mission from Earth they'd observe that each full orbit took 16 minutes. But for the brave people on board, close to this massive object, time would be slowed down. And here the effect would be far more extreme than the gravitational pull of Earth. The crew's time would be slowed down by half. For every 16-minute orbit, they'd only experience eight minutes of time.
Inside the Large Hadron Collider
Around and around they'd go, experiencing just half the time of everyone far away from the black hole. The ship and its crew would be travelling through time. Imagine they circled the black hole for five of their years. Ten years would pass elsewhere. When they got home, everyone on Earth would have aged five years more than they had.
So a supermassive black hole is a time machine. But of course, it's not exactly practical. It has advantages over wormholes in that it doesn't provoke paradoxes. Plus it won't destroy itself in a flash of feedback. But it's pretty dangerous. It's a long way away and it doesn't even take us very far into the future. Fortunately there is another way to travel in time. And this represents our last and best hope of building a real time machine.
You just have to travel very, very fast. Much faster even than the speed required to avoid being sucked into a black hole. This is due to another strange fact about the universe. There's a cosmic speed limit, 186,000 miles per second, also known as the speed of light. Nothing can exceed that speed. It's one of the best established principles in science. Believe it or not, travelling at near the speed of light transports you to the future.
To explain why, let's dream up a science-fiction transportation system. Imagine a track that goes right around Earth, a track for a superfast train. We're going to use this imaginary train to get as close as possible to the speed of light and see how it becomes a time machine. On board are passengers with a one-way ticket to the future. The train begins to accelerate, faster and faster. Soon it's circling the Earth over and over again.
To approach the speed of light means circling the Earth pretty fast. Seven times a second. But no matter how much power the train has, it can never quite reach the speed of light, since the laws of physics forbid it. Instead, let's say it gets close, just shy of that ultimate speed. Now something extraordinary happens. Time starts flowing slowly on board relative to the rest of the world, just like near the black hole, only more so. Everything on the train is in slow motion.
This happens to protect the speed limit, and it's not hard to see why. Imagine a child running forwards up the train. Her forward speed is added to the speed of the train, so couldn't she break the speed limit simply by accident? The answer is no. The laws of nature prevent the possibility by slowing down time onboard.
Now she can't run fast enough to break the limit. Time will always slow down just enough to protect the speed limit. And from that fact comes the possibility of travelling many years into the future.
Imagine that the train left the station on January 1, 2050. It circles Earth over and over again for 100 years before finally coming to a halt on New Year's Day, 2150. The passengers will have only lived one week because time is slowed down that much inside the train. When they got out they'd find a very different world from the one they'd left. In one week they'd have travelled 100 years into the future. Of course, building a train that could reach such a speed is quite impossible. But we have built something very like the train at the world's largest particle accelerator at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland.
Deep underground, in a circular tunnel 16 miles long, is a stream of trillions of tiny particles. When the power is turned on they accelerate from zero to 60,000mph in a fraction of a second. Increase the power and the particles go faster and faster, until they're whizzing around the tunnel 11,000 times a second, which is almost the speed of light. But just like the train, they never quite reach that ultimate speed. They can only get to 99.99 per cent of the limit. When that happens, they too start to travel in time. We know this because of some extremely short-lived particles, called pi-mesons. Ordinarily, they disintegrate after just 25 billionths of a second. But when they are accelerated to near-light speed they last 30 times longer.
It really is that simple. If we want to travel into the future, we just need to go fast. Really fast. And I think the only way we're ever likely to do that is by going into space. The fastest manned vehicle in history was Apollo 10. It reached 25,000mph. But to travel in time we'll have to go more than 2,000 times faster. And to do that we'd need a much bigger ship, a truly enormous machine. The ship would have to be big enough to carry a huge amount of fuel, enough to accelerate it to nearly the speed of light. Getting to just beneath the cosmic speed limit would require six whole years at full power.
The initial acceleration would be gentle because the ship would be so big and heavy. But gradually it would pick up speed and soon would be covering massive distances. In one week it would have reached the outer planets. After two years it would reach half-light speed and be far outside our solar system. Two years later it would be travelling at 90 per cent of the speed of light. Around 30 trillion miles away from Earth, and four years after launch, the ship would begin to travel in time. For every hour of time on the ship, two would pass on Earth. A similar situation to the spaceship that orbited the massive black hole.
After another two years of full thrust the ship would reach its top speed, 99 per cent of the speed of light. At this speed, a single day on board is a whole year of Earth time. Our ship would be truly flying into the future.
The slowing of time has another benefit. It means we could, in theory, travel extraordinary distances within one lifetime. A trip to the edge of the galaxy would take just 80 years. But the real wonder of our journey is that it reveals just how strange the universe is. It's a universe where time runs at different rates in different places. Where tiny wormholes exist all around us. And where, ultimately, we might use our understanding of physics to become true voyagers through the fourth dimension.
Author : STEPHEN HAWKING
Source : http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1269288/STEPHEN-HAWKING-How-build-time-machine.html
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text:
Johann Konrad Spörl (* 3. Januar 1701 in Nürnberg; † 20. Mai 1773 ebenda) war ein deutscher evangelischer Theologe.

Leben
Der Sohn des Lehrers Johann Ludwig Spörl und dessen Frau Maria Sabina, Tochter des Pfarrers in Grävenberg Christoph Löner, stammte aus einem angesehenen fränkischen Pfarrergeschlecht. Er hatte von 1706 bis 1716 das Aegidianum besucht und durch Privatlehrer seine erste Ausbildung erhalten. Mit Kenntnissen in der Logik, Rhetorik und besonders im Hebräischen ausgestattet, bezog er 1718 die Universität Altdorf. Dort wurden Christian Gottlieb Schwarz (1675–1751), Johann David Köhler, Johann Heinrich Müller, Jakob Wilhelm Feuerlein  und Gustav Georg Zeltner seine Hauptlehrer auf den Gebieten des theologischen und philosophischen Wissens. 1719 hielt er seine ungedruckt gebliebene Rede im memoriam saecularem Curiae Norimb. Splendidius renovatae et amplificatae und 1720 erlangte er unter Köhlers Vorsitz mit der verteidigten Abhandlung de Gerberto, postea Silvestro II P. M. eximio medii aevi philosopho die philosophische Magisterwürde.

Noch in dem genannten Jahre ging er an die Universität Jena, wo Michael Förtsch, Johann Franz Buddeus, Johann Andreas Danz, Jesajas Friedrich Weissenborn (1673–1750), Johann Reinhard Rus und Johann Jakob Syrbius, in dessen Hause er wohnte, seine Ausbildung fortsetzten. 1722 fand er an der Universität Halle bei Joachim Justus Breithaupt, Paul Anton, August Hermann Francke, Johann Heinrich Michaelis und Joachim Lange eine weitere theologische Ausbildung. Das Streben nach einer vielseitigen Bildung führte ihn auch in einige juristische Vorlesungen von Christian Thomasius, Nikolaus Hieronymus Gundling und Justus Henning Böhmer.

Als Spörl nach einigen kleinen Reisen, die er wegen seiner gesundheitlichen Leiden hatte unternehmen müssen, 1722 wieder nach Jena zurückkehrte, verteidigte er dort als Präsens seine Dissertation: de imagine Die in homine welche die von Thümmig herausgegebene Demonstratio immortalitatis animae ex intima ejus natura deducta widerlegen sollte. 1723 nach Nürnberg zurückgekehrt, verweilte er noch einige Zeit in Altdorf, wo er besonders Zeltners und Johann Jacob Pfitzers Vorlesungen besuchte. 1726 wurde er Frühprediger an der St.-Martha-Kirche in Nürnberg und 1730 Diakon an der St.-Aegidien-Kirche.

1736 war er Diakon an der St.-Sebalds-Kirche und 1749 Antistes und Prediger zu St. Aegidien. Zugleich erhielt er eine Professur der Theologie und philosophischen Moral an dem Aegidianum. Später war er noch Inspektor und Mitexekutor der Röslerschen Armenschule in Nürnberg. 1759 erhielt er mit einer Predigerstelle an der St.-Lorenz-Kirche zugleich die damit verbundene Inspektion über die Kandidaten des Predigtamts. Er starb an einem Herzinfarkt, nachdem er drei Jahre zuvor erster Prediger an der St.-Sebalds-Kirche geworden war. Als Gelehrter seiner Zeit hatte sich Spörl vor allem durch seine asketischen Schriften einen Namen gemacht.

Familie
Aus seiner am 14. November 1730 geschlossenen Ehe mit Luica, die Tochter des Diakons der St.-Lorenz-Kirche in Nürnberg Johann Ulrich Stör und dessen Frau Johanna Maria (geb. Hornässer), gingen drei Söhne und eine Tochter hervor. Von diesen kennt man:
 Johann Ludwig Spörl (* 8. August 1731 in Nürnberg; † 3. Juni 1793 in Nürnberg) wurde ebenfalls Theologe
 Johann Jacob Spörl (* 16. August 1732 in Nürnberg; † 3. Juni 1769) wurde Regimentsquartiermeister im Fränkischen Kreis
 Volkmar Daniel Spörl (* 26. Dezember 1733 in Nürnberg; † 21. Januar 1807) wurde auch Theologe
 Maria Hedwig Spörl (* 5. April 1735 in Nürnberg) verh. 3. Juni 1769 mit dem Lehrer und späteren Pfarrer in Mögeldorf M. Wolfgang Friedrich Lochner

Werke
 Diss. de imagine Dei in homine. Jena 1722
 Introductio in notitiam insignium typographicorum, collectione horum insignium Rothscholzianae praemissa, et dissertatione epislolica ad F. Rothscholzium proposita. Nürnberg und Altdorf 1730
 Cantate in der Kirche des Städtleins Velden nach geendigtem Hauptbau und durchgängig vollführter Auszierung bei der am 29. Juni 1730 zum Beschluß begangenen Solennien wegen der vor 200 Jahren Augsburgischen Confession celebrierten Einweihungsfewstivität. Nürnberg 1730
 Das Evangelium Mosis, oder die Zeugnisse von Christi Leiden und Tode, welche in den Büchern Mosis enthalten sind; in funfzehn Passionspredigten erläutert. Nürnberg 1732
 Betrachtungen über die Worte: Ich bin der Gott Abrahams, Isaaks u.s.w. bei einer Judentaufe vorgelegt. Nürnberg 1733
 Leichseremon und Lebenslauf der seligen Frau Drechslerin, geb. Niedererin. Nürnberg 1739
 Die eigentlich wahre Ursache von dem Kreuztode Jesu Christi, aus der heiligen Schrift selbst angezeigt. Nürnberg 1744
 Progr. inaug. de Norimberga pacifica, praemissum Orationi de Theologia pacifica, ipso anno restitutae Pacis Westphalicae Jubilaeo, habita. Nürnberg 1748

Literatur
 Johann Georg Meusel: Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen teutschen Schriftsteller. Gerhard Fleischer d. J., Leipzig, 1813, 13. Bd., S. 242, (Online)
 Acta historico-ecclesiastica nostri temporis oder gesammelte Nachrichten und Urkunden zu der Kirchengeschichte unserer Zeit. Verlag Carl Ludolf Hoffmann, Weimar, 1775, 9. Teil, S. 222, (Online)
 Heinrich Doering: Die gelehrten Theologen Deutschlands im achtzehnten und neunzehnten Jahrhundert. Verlag Johann Karl Gottfried Wagner, 1835, Neustadt an der Orla, Bd. 4, S. 274 (Online)
 Georg Andreas Will: Nürnbergisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, oder Beschreibung aller Nürnbergischen Gelehrten beyderley Geschlechtes nach Ihrem Leben, Verdiensten und Schrifften, zur Erweiterung der gelehrten Geschichtskunde und Verbesserung vieler darinnen vorgefallenen Fehler aus den besten Quellen in alphabetischer Ordnung. Verlag Lorenz Schüpfel, Nürnberg und Altdorf, 1757, 3. Bd., S. 753, (Online)

Autor
Lutherischer Theologe (18. Jahrhundert)
Lutherischer Geistlicher (18. Jahrhundert)
Person des Christentums (Nürnberg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1701
Gestorben 1773
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: How to override app settings in azure app service? net core application. I have created arm template for resource creation. In template I have passed variables like below.
"siteConfig": {
                    "appSettings": [
                      {
                        "name": "AzureAd:Authority",
                        "value": "https://login.microsoftonline.com/"
                      },
                      {
                        "name": "AzureAd:TenantId",
                        "value": "[parameters('azureAdTenantId')]"
                      },
                      {
                        "name": "AzureAd:ClientId",
                        "value": "[parameters('azureAdAppId')]"
                      },
                      {
                        "name": "Logging:LogLevel:Default",
                        "value": "Warning"
                      },
                      {
                        "name": "EnableSwagger",
                        "value": "true"
                      },
                      {
                        "name": "AllowedHosts",
                        "value": "*"
                      },
                      {
                        "name": "AzureSQLConnectionString",
                        "value": "server=myconnstring"
                      }
                    ],
                    "alwaysOn": true

            }

Below are parameters
"azureAdTenantId": {
            "type": "string",
            "defaultValue": "myid",
            "metadata": {
              "description": "desc"
            }
          },
          "azureAdAppId": {
            "type": "string",
            "defaultValue": "myid",
            "metadata": {
              "description": "desc"
            }
          }

Then I have below configurations in my appsettings.json file
{
  "AzureAd": {
    "Authority": "https://login.microsoftonline.com/",
    "TenantId": "mytenantid",
    "ClientId": "myclientid"
  }
}

Then I created release pipeline in azure devops to deploy my webapi app. It throws me below error
2020-07-17T13:17:58.4644065Z ##[error]Error: Failed to update App service 'WebApi' application settings. Error: BadRequest - AppSetting with name 'AzureAd:Authority' is not allowed. (CODE: 400)

When doing deployment Do I should not pass values in appsettings because my arm template runs and it already created appsettings and put values. I am not really finding what I am missing here? Can someone help me to fix this? Any help would be appreciated. Thank you

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The number of vehicles in Hyderabad is increasing day by day. by calculate all the two wheelers, four wheelers ... one of the every five members has a vehicle.However, there are allegations that the officers are don't mind about that. already said to everyone should work hard for urban development, even though The authorities do not mind.In particular, the government ordered two years earlier to bring about changes in the public transport system and make international arrangements. RTC buses, autos, MNTS suburban trains, and most of the rental cars are also used for public transport. The RDS runs 3850 buses for public transportation, which is 25 lakhs and cabs more than 25,000. Workers in IT companies have access to cars without night and night. All of these suggested that it be brought under control by modern technology. The Department of Transport, RTC, GHMC and the Police have coordinated the creation of a better transport system.
At the same time, the RTC and Transport Officer Mamandar Reddy, along with Transport Minister P.Mahender Reddy, In Mumbai, the 'que' system has been praised for being amazing. The officials of the respective departments seem to have been handcuffed when the government ordered the safety of the security. In the public sector, RTC buses, private cabs and autos have been ordered to create a separate regulatory cost set up by GPS. This is where the caterpillar dug is made up of the same. The government has ordered various arrangements to be made in order to make it universal. The GTS devices have been installed in Metro Express. However, the details of the RTC buses should be provided through GPS technology. But because of the arrangements made by the aristocrats, it did not produce good results. More than a thousand RTC bus parties have been set up in connection with the fate of the woman. The Transport Department officials are looking to see if the RDC is damaged with private transport vehicles. Private vehicles operators are treated as commuters.


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A novel Gram-positive, rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 90718T, was isolated from a saline soil in Xinjiang province, north-west China, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. The peptidoglycan type was A1γ and the cell-wall sugars contained galactose. Phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H2). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. All of these chemotaxonomic data assigned the new isolate YIM 90718T consistently to the genus Brevibacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 90718T formed a distinct phyletic lineage in the genus Brevibacterium and showed the highest sequence similarity (96.2 %) to Brevibacterium samyangense SST-8T and low similarity (<95.5 %) to other species of the genus Brevibacterium. On the based of the polyphasic evidence, a novel species, Brevibacterium album sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain YIM 90718T (=DSM 18261T =KCTC 19173T =CCTCC AB 206112T).
A Gram-negative, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated YIM 91125T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China. The isolate grew at salinities in the range 1–20 % (w/v) and at 4–45 °C. Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and 5–10 % (w/v) NaCl. Cells were short rods motile by means of single polar flagella. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c, C16 : 0, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and C12 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content was 60.8 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-9. A comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed its relationship to Halomonas species, its closest neighbours being Halomonas pantelleriensis (95.9 % similarity to the type strain) and Halomonas muralis (95.4 % similarity). On the basis of chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain YIM 91125T represents a novel member of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas lutea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 91125T (=KCTC 12847T =CCTCC AB 206093T).
A Gram-negative, coccoid to short rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain YIM 90738T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain was non-motile and grew at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0), 10–55 °C (optimal growth at 37 °C) and salinities of 1–15 % NaCl (w/v, optimal growth at 8 % NaCl). Ubiquinone 10 was detected as the major respiratory quinone. The cellular fatty acid profile had C18 : 1 ω7c (80.4 % of the total) as the major component, similar to those of members of the genus Paracoccus. The nearest phylogenetic neighbour of strain YIM 90738T was the type strain of Paracoccus homiensis, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (97.5 % similarity). The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between P. homiensis DSM 17862T and strain YIM 90738T was 51.5 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 90738T was 60.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data and its genotypic distinctiveness, strain YIM 90738T (=CCTCC AB 206074T =KCTC 22163T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, Paracoccus saliphilus sp. nov.
A Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 93316T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang Province, north-west China, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The isolate grew at 10–45 °C, at pH 6–9 and in the presence of 1–15 % (w/v) NaCl, but no growth was observed in the absence of NaCl. The cell-wall diamino acid contained alanine, glutamine and lysine with peptidoglycan type A4α. Polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, an unknown glycolipid and an unknown phospholipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 1. The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 93316T was 70.1 mol%. Chemotaxonomic properties supported the affiliation of strain YIM 93316T to the genus Georgenia, and this was supported by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain YIM 93316T and Georgenia thermotolerans TT02-04T, Georgenia ruanii YIM 004T and Georgenia muralis 1A-CT were 96.6, 96.5 and 96.3 %, respectively. Data from fatty acid, physiological and biochemical tests allowed the clear phenotypic differentiation of strain YIM 93316T from recognized members of the genus Georgenia. On the basis of evidence from the present polyphasic study, strain YIM 93316T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Georgenia, for which the name Georgenia halophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 93316T (=DSM 21365T =CCTCC AB 208144T).
A Gram-positive, non-motile, white-pigmented, short rod actinobacterium, designated YIM 90734T, was isolated from a saline soil sample collected from Ganjiahu Suosuo Forest National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang province, north-west China, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain YIM 90734T grew optimally at 28–37 °C and pH 6.0–8.0 and in 5 % (w/v) NaCl. The peptidoglycan type was A4α, l-Lys–l-Ala–l-Glu and tyvelose and mannose were the major cell-wall sugars. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10 and MK-9. Major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of total) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phospholipid and two unknown glycolipids. The DNA G+C content was 70.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 90734T belonged to the genus Zhihengliuella. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain YIM 90734T and the type strain of the only recognized Zhihengliuella species, Zhihengliuella halotolerans, was 97.7 %. However, the level of DNA–DNA relatedness of the two strains was 41.4 %. The DNA–DNA relatedness data and differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain YIM 90734T could be differentiated from Z. halotolerans. On the basis of the data presented, strain YIM 90734T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Zhihengliuella, for which the name Zhihengliuella alba sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 90734T (=KCTC 19375T=DSM 21143T). The description of the genus Zhihengliuella has also been emended.
A Gram-positive actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 90716T, was isolated from a saline soil sample collected from Ganjiahu Suosuo Forest National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Province, north-west China. The new isolate contained lysine, glutamic acid and alanine with peptidoglycan type Lys–Ala3 (variation A3α). The major phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The predominant menaqinone was MK-7(H2). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 90716T was 68.0 mol%. Chemotaxonomic properties supported the affiliation of strain YIM 90716T to the genus Kocuria. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was related most closely to Kocuria kristinae DSM 20032T (96.8 % similarity) and showed lower levels of 16S rRNA gene similarity (<96.5 %) with the type strains of other species of the genus Kocuria. The results of fatty acid analysis and physiological and biochemical tests allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain YIM 90716T from its closest relatives. On the basis of data from the present polyphasic study, strain YIM 90716T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 90716T (=DSM 18442T=KCTC 19172T=CCTCC AB 206069T).
A novel Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain YIM 91119T, was isolated from Ebinur Lake in Xinjiang Province, north-west China. Cells were motile, produced terminal endospores and grew at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimally at pH 7.0), 4–45 °C (optimally at 28–37 °C) and 1–22 % (w/v) NaCl, (optimally at 10–15 %, w/v). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain YIM 91119T belongs to the genus Gracilibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity with respect to the type strain of Gracilibacillus orientalis (97.8 %); the next most similar 16S rRNA gene sequences were those of the type strains of Gracilibacillus boraciitolerans (96.8 %), Gracilibacillus dipsosauri (96.5 %) and Gracilibacillus halotolerans (95.8 %). DNA–DNA hybridization with G. orientalis AS 1.4250T showed a relatedness of 55 %. The major fatty acids of strain YIM 91119T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The peptidoglycan type was A1γ (directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid). The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.1 mol% and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strain YIM 91119T represents a novel species of the genus Gracilibacillus, for which the name Gracilibacillus saliphilus sp. nov. is proposed, with YIM 91119T (=DSM 19802T =CCTCC AA 208015T) as the type strain.
A halophilic actinomycete strain, designated YIM 90500T, was isolated from a saline lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Good growth of the novel isolate occurred at 28–37 °C, pH 7–8 and with 10–15 % (w/v) NaCl; no growth occurred without any salts. Strain YIM 90500T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid with glucose, arabinose and ribose as the whole-cell sugars. The major phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine and diphosphatidylglycerol. MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The chemotaxonomic data together with the morphological properties of strain YIM 90500T consistently assigned the strain as belonging to the genus Saccharopolyspora. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences further revealed that strain YIM 90500T formed a distinct phyletic lineage in the genus Saccharopolyspora and showed low 16S rRNA gene similarities (<96.4 %) with other species of the genus. On the basis of the evidence from the polyphasic study, a novel species, Saccharopolyspora halophila sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM 90500T (=DSM 45007T=KCTC 19162T).
A halophilic actinomycete strain, designated YIM 91168T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China. The isolate grew at 20–40 °C, pH 5–8 and 6–22 % (w/v) NaCl; there was no growth in the absence of NaCl. The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the genomic DNA G+C content was 70.1 mol%. These chemotaxonomic data, together with its morphological properties, were consistent with the assignment of strain YIM 91168T to the genus Saccharopolyspora. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 91168T had highest sequence similarity (95.4 %) with Saccharopolyspora gregorii NCIB 12823T, and showed lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (93.0–95.1 %) with the other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora. On the basis of evidence from this polyphasic study, the novel species Saccharopolyspora qijiaojingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 91168T (=DSM 45088T =KCTC 19235T).
A novel halophilic, filamentous actinomycete strain, designated YIM 93221T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. The isolate grew with 9–23 % (w/v) NaCl and did not grow without NaCl. The isolate formed spiny aerial mycelium and did not form spores at maturity. The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glucose, glucosamine, mannose and an unknown sugar as the major whole-cell sugars. The phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and an unknown phospholipid. MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 68.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM 93221T formed a distinct lineage within the suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed 91.9–94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the suborder Pseudonocardineae. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, a novel genus and species, Haloechinothrix alba gen. nov., sp. nov., are proposed. The type strain of Haloechinothrix alba is YIM 93221T (=DSM 45207T =CCTCC AB 208140T).
Haloactinopolyspora alba gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic filamentous actinomycete isolated from a salt lake, with proposal of Jiangellaceae fam. nov. and Jiangellineae subord. nov.
A halophilic, filamentous actinomycete strain, designated YIM 93246T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterization. The isolate grew in the presence of 7–23 % (w/v) NaCl, but not in the absence of NaCl. Strain YIM 93246T had particular morphological properties, forming aerial mycelium that had long spore chains and pseudosporangium-like, rhiziform spore aggregates at maturity. ll-DAP was the cell-wall diamino acid and glucosamine, mannose, glucose, arabinose and galactose were the cell-wall sugars. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. MK-9 (H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the genomic DNA G+C content was 70.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 93246T clustered with the genus Jiangella. The sequence similarities between strain YIM 93246T and Jiangella alba, Jiangella gansuensis and Jiangella alkaliphila were 96.9, 96.9 and 96.6 %, respectively. Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences, and phylogenetic analysis, a novel genus and species, Haloactinopolyspora alba gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the species is YIM 93246T (=DSM 45211T=KCTC 19409T). Additionally, phylogenetic analysis placed the genus Jiangella together with strain YIM 93246T within the order Actinomycetales as an independent lineage, clearly distinguished from other described suborders of the class Actinobacteria. Hence, based on phylogenetic characteristics, the genus Jiangella together with the newly proposed genus Haloactinopolyspora are proposed to be classified as Jiangellaceae fam. nov. and Jiangellineae subord. nov.
A Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, coccoid, orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain YIM 91094T, was isolated from a salt lake sample collected from Barkol Lake in Xinjiang Province, north-west China. The strain was able to grow at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0), at 10–37 °C (optimal growth at 28 °C) and in the presence of 0–25 % (w/v) NaCl [optimal growth in the presence of 10–15 % (w/v) NaCl]. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 91094T was affiliated with the genus Marinococcus and exhibited levels of sequence similarity of 99.2 % to Marinococcus halotolerans YIM 70157T and 99.7 % to Marinococcus halophilus DSM 20408T. However, it showed moderately low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness with the above type strains (56.0 and 57.5 %, respectively). The peptidoglycan type of strain YIM 91094T was A1γ, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 (49.9 % of the total) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (29.6 %) were the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 48.7 mol%. Strain YIM 91094T possessed chemotaxonomic markers that were consistent with its classification in the genus Marinococcus. On the basis of the data presented, strain YIM 91094T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus luteus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 91094T (=KCTC 13214T=CCTCC AA 208014T). An emended description of the genus Marinococcus is provided.
A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain YIM 91118T, motile with a single polar flagellum, was isolated from Xinjiang province in north-west China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain YIM 91118T grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 7.0–8.0 and 10 % NaCl (w/v). Its major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1 ω9c. The predominant lipoquinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content was 63.2 mol%. All of these chemotaxonomic data supported the assignment of the new isolate to the genus Microbulbifer. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 91118T belongs to the genus Microbulbifer and it formed a distinct subclade with Microbulbifer maritimus KCCM 41774T. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of Microbulbifer species were in the range 93.5–95.0 %. The mean level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain YIM 91118T and M. maritimus KCCM 41774T was 45.8 %. On the basis of phenotypic properties, phylogeny and genomic data, strain YIM 91118T represents a novel species of the genus Microbulbifer, for which the name Microbulbifer halophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 91118T (=CCTCC AB 206094T =KCTC 12848T). Furthermore, it is necessary to emend the description of the genus Microbulbifer.
Two Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped and moderately halophilic bacterial strains, designated YIM 90637T and BH 017, were isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the two novel isolates were affiliated with the family Halomonadaceae; the two strains shared 100 % sequence similarity, but showed similarities of 94.7 % with the type strain of Modicisalibacter tunisiensis, 93.2–94.7 % with members of the genus Chromohalobacter, 93.2–95.0 % with members of the genus Halomonas and less than 92.0 % with other members of the family Halomonadaceae. However, DNA–DNA relatedness data and phenotypic properties demonstrated that strains YIM 90637T and BH 017 were representatives of the same species. The major fatty acids were C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and C16 : 0. The relative amount of C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c was notably higher than that found in most species of the family Halomonadaceae for which fatty acid composition has been determined. The genomic DNA G+C content was 57.2–57.5 mol% and the only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 9. Based on evidence from the polyphasic taxonomic study, it was concluded that the two strains should be classified as representatives of a novel species in a new genus, for which name Aidingimonas halophila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain of Aidingimonas halophila is YIM 90637T (=KCTC 12885T=CCTCC AB 207002T).
Haloactinobacterium album gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic actinobacterium, and proposal of Ruaniaceae fam. nov.
A Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and moderately halophilic actinobacterium, designated YIM 93306T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain YIM 93306T grew in the presence of 2–16 % (w/v) NaCl and did not grow without NaCl. The peptidoglycan type was A4α with an l-Lys–l-Glu interpeptide bridge. The whole-cell sugars were glucosamine, arabinose, mannose and two unknown sugars. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 93306T fell within the radius of the suborder Micrococcineae. Its closest phylogenetic neighbour was the type strain of Ruania albidiflava (AS 4.3142T; 96.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), the sole recognized species of the genus Ruania. Sequence similarities between strain YIM 93306T and members of other genera of the suborder Micrococcineae were <95.2 %. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic differences, a novel genus and species, Haloactinobacterium album gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the species is YIM 93306T (=DSM 21368T =KCTC 19413T =CCTCC AB 208069T). Based on phylogenetic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotide patterns, the genera Ruania and Haloactinobacterium gen. nov. are proposed to belong to a novel family, Ruaniaceae fam. nov.
A halotolerant actinomycete strain, designated XJEEM 11063T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-western China. Strain XJEEM 11063T grew at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0), between 10 and 40 °C (optimal growth at 28–37 °C) and at salinities of 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 0–5 %, w/v). The peptidoglycan type was A4α, and the whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, mannose and arabinose. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown glycolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. The chemotaxonomic properties supported the affiliation of strain XJEEM 11063T to the genus Myceligenerans. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans xiligouense XLG9A10.2T (98.3 %) and Myceligenerans crystallogenes DSM 17134T (97.0 %). However, it had relatively low values for DNA–DNA relatedness with the above strains (56.0 % and 47.5 %, respectively). Thus, on the basis of the results from this study, a novel species, Myceligenerans halotolerans sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is XJEEM 11063T ( = DSM 21949T = CCTCC AA 208063T).
Three actinomycetal strains, designated YIM 90479, YIM 90480T and YIM 90600T, were isolated from a salt field in Xinjiang province, North-west China and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic study. All three strains were moderately halophilic and were able to grow on agar at NaCl concentrations of up to 20–25 % (w/v). No growth was observed in the absence of NaCl. Good growth occurred at 37 °C and 15 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell walls of the three strains were of the type IV variety and their phospholipid patterns were type PIII. MK-9 (H4) and MK-10 (H4) or MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H2) were the predominant menaquinones. iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 or anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA were 66.4–68.3 mol%. Based on differential phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics and the results of DNA–DNA hybridization tests, the three novel stains represent two novel species, for which the names Actinopolyspora alba sp. nov. and Actinopolyspora erythraea sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains of the species are YIM 90480T ( = DSM 45004T = KCTC 19119T) and YIM 90600T ( = CCTCC M 208247T = KCTC 19372T). In addition, we propose that Actinopolyspora iraqiensis (Ruan et al., 1994) be transferred to the genus Saccharomonospora as a heterotypic synonym of Saccharomonospora halophila based on present research results.
A Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped and light-red-pigmented bacterium, designated XAAS-1T, was isolated from the soil of Aydingkol Lake near the Turpan City, Xinjiang, China. The isolate was positive for oxidase, catalase and hydrolysis of starch, casein, gelatin and aesculin. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the principal cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and C15 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified polar lipids. The polyamine pattern was found to contain mainly sym-homospermidine. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain XAAS-1T belongs to the genus Pontibacter in the family Cytophagaceae , with sequence similarities ranging from 93.8 to 96.7 % with other type species of the genus Pontibacter . On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain XAAS-1T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter , for which the name Pontibacter aydingkolensis sp. nov. (type strain XAAS-1T=CCTCC AB 2016134T=JCM 31442T) is proposed.
A Gram-stain-negative, oval-shaped and light pink pigmented bacterium, designated XAAS-2T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Tamarix ramosissima. The sole respiratory quinone of the type strain XAAS-2T was MK-7, and the principal cellular fatty acids were summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain XAAS-2T belonged to the genus Pontibacter within the family Cytophagaceae with sequence similarities of 93.9–97.1 % to other type species of the genus Pontibacter and to Pontibacter xinjiangensis CCTCC AB 207200T as the closest neighbour. The DNA G+C content of strain XAAS-2T was 50.6 mol%. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness of XAAS-2T and P. xinjiangensis CCTCC AB 207200T was 47.5 % (sd=3.27). Phenotypic and genotypic data suggested that strain XAAS-2T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter , for which the name Pontibacter brevis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain XAAS-2T (=CCTCC AB 2016135T=JCM 31443T).


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text:
Ask Stacy: Why Do Ebooks Cost So Much?
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This reader is steamed that I charge so much for the digital editions of my books. E-books eliminate expenses ranging from paper to shipping – shouldn't they cost less than their paper cousins?
Stacy Johnson • January 8, 2013
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Here's a question I got on our Facebook page. Maybe you've wondered about it too.
Why do your Kindle books cost more than a paperback copy? The Kindle version of Life or Debt on Amazon costs $9.73, but they're selling the paperback for as little as $6.00. Since e-books should cost much less to produce, why do they cost more to buy? This seems unfair, especially when you're writing about how to save money to pay off debt.
I got a very similar question a little more than a year ago, published in a post called Why Are E-Books So Expensive? I'm going to answer it again, however, because since then things have happened that shed more light on this subject.
As I said in my earlier post, I have no control over the price of my books. When you work with a traditional publisher (mine is Simon & Schuster), you have no input – they set the price.
Whoever establishes the price, however, you've still got to wonder…
Why are e-books so expensive?
The first time I attempted to answer this question, I quoted an article called Why Do eBooks Cost So Much? (A Publisher's Perspective) by Michael Hyatt, CEO of Thomas Nelson Publishers. Here's how he justified the high cost of e-books…
…physical manufacturing and distribution expenses cost less than you think. Some people assume that these two items represent the bulk of a book's costs. They don't. Together, they account for about 12 percent of a physical book's retail price. So eliminating these costs doesn't do much to reduce the overall cost structure.
Even if this is accurate, shouldn't the price of e-books be 12 percent lower than physical copies? No, he insists, because there are other costs associated exclusively with e-books, like formatting them to fit e-readers. He goes on to say…
"The elimination of manufacturing and distribution costs are being offset by retail price reductions and the additional costs I have outlined. The good news is that we are making about the same margins, regardless of whether we sell the book in physical form or digital."
E-books cost as much to produce as hardcopy? Hogwash
Despite this publisher's claim, the reason e-books are as expensive, or even more expensive, than traditional books isn't because they cost as much to produce and distribute. Anyone who produces anything digital that was formerly physical knows digital is cheaper. A website is cheaper than a newspaper. A digital version of a video costs less to deliver than a tape. An e-book costs less than a physical book. Anyone suggesting otherwise, like this publishing executive, probably has a dog in the fight.
If you want a single answer to why e-books are more expensive, it's in the last few words of this publishing CEO's explanation: "The good news is, we are making about the same margins, regardless of whether we sell the book in physical form or digital."
The lion's share of the retail price of a book, whether in digital or physical form, is going to the publisher. And what's good news for him is bad news for you. Want cheaper books? Eliminate the fattest fingers in the pie – the publisher's.
Publisher price-fixing?
Another reason e-book prices might have remained stubbornly high: According to a lawsuit by the Justice Department, their prices were fixed by five major publishers, along with a major distributor, Apple. From a recent DOJ press release…
The five publishers and Apple were unhappy that competition among e-book sellers had reduced e-book prices and the retail profit margins of the book sellers to levels they thought were too low. To address these concerns, the department said the companies worked together to enter into contracts that eliminated price competition among bookstores selling e-books, substantially increasing prices paid by consumers. Before the companies began their conspiracy, retailers regularly sold e-book versions of new releases and bestsellers for, as described by one of the publisher's CEO, the "wretched $9.99 price point." As a result of the conspiracy, consumers were typically forced to pay $12.99, $14.99, or more for the most sought-after e-books, the department said.
As I write this, four of the five publishers sued by the Justice Department have settled. The remaining defendants are Apple and Macmillan: They're scheduled to go to trial in June.
My e-books are about to get cheaper. Here's why:
As with the music industry, when it comes to publishing, the power has never been with the artist, or the consumer. It's been with the distributor. In the case of music, the label. In the case of books, the publisher. But thanks to the Internet, that's changing now.
When I wrote Life or Debt three years ago, there was no way around publishers: If you wanted distribution, you went to a major publisher. It was the only way into bookstores or onto Amazon.
A short three years later, however, the landscape has changed. The publishing industry – the gatekeeper between writers and readers – is collapsing under its own weight. I no longer need to surrender up to 90 percent of the price of a book to the publisher. Today I can self-publish an e-book, put it on Amazon, spread the word on the Web, and price it however I like.
And I'm about to do exactly that. We recently partnered with other voices in the personal finance space to create books about money. We're going to publish them ourselves, promote them ourselves, and price them so they're more affordable.
While you wait, avoid paying for books entirely by reading versions you've already paid for with your tax dollars. They're waiting for you at the library. Check out my post, Thousands of E-Books: Free.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I love easy recipes. And I'm talkin' "don't even need to get out a knife" easy. That is this recipe.
Or these by Alexia Foods. Find 'em in the freezer section of the grocery store. There are other brands, but many contain artificial flavor and/or additives and preservatives, so check your labels.
If you're looking for something more exciting than this basic recipe, you can make variations with onions, spinach, ham or sausage. Instructions for each are provided below. (Some require a knife and cutting board, or pan and spatula, but they're still easy, I promise!) You could also throw in a little garlic or onion powder, dry mustard powder, or chopped fresh or dried herbs. Or use your own creativity! Pickled jalapeños, diced bell peppers, sautéed mushrooms, chopped bacon? All sound good to me!
Egg casseroles are wonderful served straight from the oven (all that melted bubbling cheese on top!). They can also be made ahead and re-heated in individual portions for a protein-packed breakfast, lunch or dinner.
This image also includes diced ham and chopped spinach, which can be added as a variation.
Use butter or non-stick spray to grease a 11 x 9″ rectangular pan. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
Mix the 6 extra large eggs, 3/4 cup milk, 1/2 cup grated cheese, and 1 16-oz. package of frozen shredded potatoes in a large bowl. (Check the ingredients on the bag of potatoes — some have salt and pepper and other seasoning already added, so you won't need to add as much S&P yourself.) Season with a big pinch of salt and a few grinds of black pepper.
Pour mixture into the greased pan. Sprinkle the casserole with remaining 1/2 cup grated cheese. Cover with foil. Bake at 350 degrees for 1 hour. Remove foil and bake for 30 minutes more. Let cool 10 minutes before serving. For easy serving, slice pieces with a sharp knife and scoop out with a cake spatula.
ONION: 1/2 diced medium yellow onion + 1 Tablespoon olive oil. Heat olive oil in a medium-sized pan over medium-high heat. Add the onion; sauté until tender and translucent, stirring occasionally. Remove from heat and set aside to cool. When the onions have cooled, add them to the bowl of egg mixture and stir to combine. Pour mixture into greased pan and follow cooking instructions above.
SPINACH: 8 ounces chopped frozen spinach, defrosted. Frozen spinach retains a lot of water, so after defrosting it, you'll need to drain it. To drain the spinach, wrap it in two large paper towels. Holding the bundle of spinach over the sink, squeeze the spinach inside the paper towels (similar to squeezing out a sponge) and allow the water to drain out. Add the drained spinach to the bowl of egg mixture and stir to combine. Pour mixture into greased pan and follow cooking instructions above.
HAM: 7-8 ounces diced ham, uncured if possible. Add the diced ham to the bowl of egg mixture and stir to combine. Pour mixture into greased pan and follow cooking instructions above.
SAUSAGE: 1 lb. of all-natural (MSG-free) bulk pork breakfast sausage such as this one + 1-2 tablespoons real maple syrup. Place the sausage in a pan over medium-high heat. As the sausage cooks, break it up into small pieces with a wooden spoon or spatula, and cook until sausage pieces are browned and cooked through. Drain the grease and discard. Pour maple syrup over the cooked sausage and toss to combine. Set aside to cool. When the sausage has cooled, add it to the bowl of egg mixture and stir to combine. Pour mixture into greased pan and follow cooking instructions above.
You can bake the casserole up to 48 hours in advance. Just bake for the initial 1 hour, covered with foil; then, cool completely and refrigerate. About 45 minutes before serving, remove foil and bake the additional 30 minutes to warm through.
Alternatively, you can bake the casserole for the full 1 hour and 30 minutes, let it cool and then refrigerate the casserole for 4-5 days, cutting out and reheating individual servings as needed.
SALAD: Toss mixed greens with a bit of olive oil, white balsamic vinegar and S&P. Add tomatoes, sliced cucumbers, shredded carrots for more color if you wish. Let marinate for a few minutes and then serve alongside a slice of egg casserole.
BACON: Follow these instructions for cooking bacon, and serve alongside the casserole.
SALSA: Whip up this 5-minute salsa verde and pass the bowl at the table.
Looks great! Could I shred my own potatoes? Thanks!


Enjoy a Saturday morning of water play with your child while she/he becomes familiar with elementary skills such as water entry, bubble blowing, front kicking, back floating and underwater exploration.
YTRec staff will lead the class.
Children must wear a swim diaper.


CodeGear's 3rdRail IDE, which is built on Eclipse, contains productivity features aimed at making it easier and faster for both new and experienced Rails developers to build database-driven Web applications. Areas addressed include code navigation. – a dependencies view uses a combination of syntactic and semantic analysis to provide a view of all project interdependencies. Its CodeGear Commanders provide a quick interface to the RoR command line for running code generators and performing other tasks, integrating it into the IDE. It also features intelligent code completion and refactoring tools.
SapphireSteel Software's latest release of Ruby In Steel provides an alternative Ruby IDE using Visual Studio. This uses Microsoft's recently released 'Visual Studio Shell', which is providing some competition for open source Eclipse-based IDEs. It has full Ruby IntelliSense and a fast debugger. Support for Microsoft's forthcoming IronRuby language is also in the pipeline.


text:
Дадынские озёра — водно-болотное угодье, система озёр в Левокумском районе Ставропольского края России.

В состав группы входит несколько неглубоких (0,5 — 2 м) солоноватых озёр, крупнейшие из которых: Дадынское, Солёное, Максимокумское. Озёра находятся среди злаково-полынной ксерофитной полупустынной степи, используемой в качестве пастбища для овец. Вода в озёра поступает от таяния снега, дождей, а также из расположенных поблизости артезианских скважин. В засушливый период озёра сильно пересыхают. Берега низкие и обрывистые, местами с густыми зарослями тростника. На крупных озёрах развит рыболовный промысел.

См. также
 Дадынское

Литература

Ссылки

Озёра Ставропольского края
Левокумский район
Водно-болотные угодья
Группы озёр России


text:
Ninja Tune — независимый британский лейбл, расположенный в Лондоне, основанный в 1990 году диджеями Джонатаном Муром (Jonathan Moore) и Мэттом Блэком (Matt Black), больше известными как дуэт Coldcut. Музыку, выпущенную на лейбле Ninja Tune, часто зовут Ninjazz, преимущественно это относится к композициям околоджазового звучания.

Известные исполнители, выпускающиеся на лейбле

 9 Lazy 9 (англ.)
 Airborn Audio
 Ammoncontact
 Amon Tobin
 Animals On Wheels
 Antibalas Afrobeat Orchestra
 Blockhead
 Bonobo
 Chris Bowden
 Floating Points Ensemble
 The Cinematic Orchestra
 The London Funk Allstars
 The Qemists
 Cabbageboy
 Chocolate Weasel
 Clifford Gilberto
 Coldcut
 Daedelus
 Dels
 Drome
 Diplo
 DJ Kentaro
 DJ Vadim
 DJ Shadow
 DJ Food
 DSP
 Dynamic Syncopation
 Dwight Trible
 Emika
 Fink (англ.)
 Flanger
 Fog
 Funki Porcini
 The Herbaliser
 Hexstatic
 Hex
 Homelife
 The Irresistible Force
 Jaga Jazzist
 Kid Koala
 Loka
 Mixmaster Morris
 Mr. Scruff
 One Self
 Pest
 Poirier
 Rainstick Orchestra
 Roots Manuva
 Sixtoo
 Skalpel
 Spor
 Submotion Orchestra
 Super Numeri
 Treva Whateva
 Up, Bustle and Out
 Wagon Christ
 Yppah
 Zero dB
 Toddla T

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт лейбла Ninja Tune
 История Ninja Tune

Инди-лейблы
Лейблы звукозаписи Великобритании
Coldcut
Лейблы звукозаписи, основанные в 1990 году
Лейблы экспериментальной музыки


text:
Bryant Prince Of Tigers
Harper Wilson and all her siblings were relieved when they received the notice of their parents' demise. No one deserved it more, and the only reason Harper agreed to go back to that little town in Ohio was to make sure they were truly dead.
Bryant Prince and his family were immortals and hadn't aged since they'd reached the age of twenty-eight. He and his family had always lived next door to the Wilsons, but he never knew the Wilson children. The Wilsons had always kept to themselves, so no one had any idea what was going on in the little house of horrors. If they had, the Wilson parents would have been dead a long time ago.
There was nothing left of the Wilson house but one wall. The fire had taken the rest. The garage, however, was still intact, and this was where Harper wound up. Drawn in by dark, morbid memories from her childhood. Bryant watched her, knowing that he'd found his mate.
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LEVI News Letter Is Ann Ivey Congrats
your paperback will be mailed out this week.
Please allow 7 to 10 days for delivery.
Buck enjoyed hot wings, the hotter the better. But even he had to admit defeat when it came to eating wings with his oldest. Bryant would get them as hot as he could, then add more heat to them. Buck often wondered if the boy could taste a dammed thing after he ate a plate of them suckers. Today he was eating alone. He didn't get that opportunity much, not since his Sara had been killed all those years ago. But it was her birthday, and while he knew that his boys were remembering her today, he had his own way of thinking about his little mate. When the plate was set in front of him, he looked up at the waitress. Deb had been working here since she was a teenager. He wondered if they'd built the place around her. When she winked at him, he smiled back. Everyone was aware of his way of doing things. The first one always made him tear up—the heat, not his heart, he told himself. But as he was picking up the second one to eat, Bryant came into the diner. Whatever had happened, it had Buck reaching for his pistol that he was never without.
"It's all right. I just wanted to come to tell you before you left here and found out the hard way." Bryant then told him how sorry he was for coming here, today of all days. "Pops, there's been a fire at the Wilson home. The mister is dead, and his wife, she's on her way to the bigger hospital for treatment. It doesn't look good for her either." The Wilsons had the farm right next to theirs. The Wilsons had bought up a lot of lands when they first arrived in this area, putting themselves and their kids in a powerful terrible place. The money had been plentiful when the Wilsons arrived. But planting things that the earth didn't have the energy to grow made for bad years of bringing crops in. That's why Buck's family only had a dozen acres, as well as cattle.
"The kids home?" Bryant shook his head, still not sitting down with him. "No, they'd not be there for any reason, would they? What else, boy? You know I don't care for things being given out in little bits and pieces." "Samson and I were wondering if we should take in their crops for them. The mister, he's not there anymore, and you know as well as I do that the kids wouldn't come back to help if their very lives depended on it. Not that I blame them any, but the missus, she might pull through, and the money might make the difference in her having medicine or not." Buck stood up, his meal ruined now. Not by his son, no; the news was what had soured his taste. "I'm assuming that's a yes." "Gather up the boys, Bryant, and we'll get a start on it for sure." Buck went to pay his bill, and Deb told him that there was no charge. "I have to keep you in business, Deb. If I don't, where will I get to come for breakfast every day?" "Here, just like you do every day, you old coot. I heard what you're doing, and I've called my sons. They're going to meet you there to help out. I'll be bringing by some food about dinner time, and a cooler of drinks too." She shoved him out the door. "I have work to do, Buck. Now get on out of here so I can get to it."
By the time he'd gotten on his tractor and made his way to the next farm, there were about fifty men and women out there, all of them ready to work. With the extra hands and the other two tractors, he was sure they could get a lot of the fields picked and plucked in no time. Buck worked with his boys. Men really, all of them as old as sin. It was the way of their kind, the first of their species. Immortality had been given to them when he and his wife had been created to give the earth some of their kind. A lot of their magic. Sara and he had had six children, all of them from one litter. They'd been cats then, black tigers that had come to this earth with no ill will in their hearts. It was a good thing as well as a bad thing for them to be so trusting. The day after his cubs had been born, the lady of the earth, Aurora, had come to see them. She thought them blessed to have so many sons at their only birthing.
That was the downside, he thought—only one birthing to be bestowed to them. It was, she told them, to not overpopulate the world with such a special creature. Before the lady had shown up, they were going to call the boys by number of birth. And they did so until they were a little older and could pick out their own names. "I shall wish for you to roam the earth as men as well as tigers, giving your magic to as many of those as you touch with kindness. I know by creating you that you are already kind and good-hearted, but it is my wish that you spread it to all the humans as well. I fear that they're going to be much worse as the years go by." And she'd been right about that. Not that everyone they encountered was bad—no, there were a great many good people too. But the trouble was, he feared that they were slowly being outnumbered by the bad people in this world. It was nearing ten when they finished up the last of the fields. Harley, his son, asked why they'd planted pumpkins. Buck didn't know, but he figured that they'd sell them in their roadside stand until they heard otherwise.
Every little bit would help, he supposed. Going home, he dusted the earth off his clothing and stripped down. Buck didn't look his age, he thought with a laugh. He could very well pass as one of his sons and had on occasion. Shifting into his cat, he hit the ground running. He wasn't the least bit surprised to find Kylan out there running as well. Are you all right, Kylan? He said that he was, just tired. Yeah, so am I. But we did a good turn for those people. And that is what we were put here for. Is that all we were put here for, Pops? He asked him what he meant. I'm lonely. I need more in my life than just farming and raising cattle. I have a degree—I'd like to branch out and start using it. It might, I hope anyway, bring in more money than just selling off cattle to the local farmers. All of them had gone to college. It hadn't been one of the ivy leagues—they couldn't swing that. But each of them had gone to the local college and had a nice degree to show for it. Kylan had a degree in advertising, and he could come up with ideas for things that would spin your head, as Sara used to say. Then I'd say go for it. I'm getting a little tired of raising cattle myself. Not much in the way of money in it, not the way we're going. Kylan said he'd been talking to Marcus, and they wanted to open an advertising business together.
Well, with Marcus doing the art work, you'd sure be good at it, son. Both of you would be. And I know that Harley has a degree in business management. Perhaps that would be the ticket. Not all of you working in the same place. You know as well as I do that is just a fight waiting to happen. Kylan laughed. Yes, I've noticed that as we've gotten older, the arguing becomes more dangerous. They fought like men who hated each other. But as soon as someone drew blood, the fight was over and they were taking care of the injured one. Kylan left him after their talk. He was going to go and get things started, Buck knew that. Making his way to the little cemetery that his wife was buried in, Buck laid down on the ground next to her and told her about his day, just as he did every night when he could. Those boys, they're going to leave me soon, Sara. I don't know what I'm going to do in that house without them arguing all the time and picking at me. He smiled to himself. They sure have grown into men of worth, my darling. I think we did a good job, not even knowing what we were about back then.
He told her about the Wilsons and how they'd brought in their crops. They were going to try and get ahold of one of their children, to see what they wanted to do with it all. Buck had a feeling he knew what they were going to tell them—just to burn it all. Pops, I hate to bother you, but I just heard that the missus, Mrs. Wilson, has passed on. She was pretty well burned all over her body, they said. And the fire marshal, he's saying that it looks like arson. As soon as it cools down enough, they'll have a better idea. Buck thanked Fisher. Also, I wanted to tell you that I'm very proud to be your son. I should be saying that more often. All of us should. What we did tonight, even though Bryant was the one that thought of it, you didn't hesitate for a moment to step in with us. I love you, Pops. For the next ten minutes or so, Buck laid there sobbing about what his son had said to him. It didn't hurt him, but his heart did burn with love for his sons. Telling his wife about the death and what his son had said, he stood up and made his way back to the house. All the lights were on in the place, but he knew as surely as he was walking home that someone was in each of the rooms. They all knew the meaning of a nickel and leaving the lights on when you left a room was a big deal.
There wasn't any need for him to get dinner started. True to her word, Deb had not only brought them out food, but it was the kind they could carry along with them as they worked. And there was plenty of her sweet tea and water. While normally Buck wouldn't care for the sweet stuff, it was mighty nice on a hot evening to have something that gave you a bit of pep. Just as he was ready to go to bed, he glanced at his desk. It had been put up here because it was quieter in their room without the boys running around. Then when they'd gotten older, it had just been too much trouble to mess with. Buck had gotten a card from one of the Wilson boys when his Sara had been killed. Looking for it now, he found it among some of the other things that he'd been meaning to take care of.
It had been a few years, coming up on ten, since she'd passed, but Buck never threw anything away.
There was a return address on it, and Buck laid it right on top of his pants he was wearing tomorrow so he'd remember to do that first thing. He didn't know if anyone in town would know how to contact the family, so he was going to do it. If they already knew, then that would be fine too. He could pass along his condolences and tell them about the product they'd pulled in for them. Closing his eyes, he thanked the mother of the earth for his day and wished his wife a happy birthday. Rolling to her side of the bed, he spooned her pillow. It was as close to her as he could get nowadays. ~*~ Randy tried to remember Mr. Prince. He knew that it had been a while. He'd left home when he'd turned eighteen and had never looked back. Now he was successful, married, and had two children. And, his parents were both now dead. "The fire was a big one, as you can imagine. They rushed your momma to the hospital by life flight, but she just couldn't make it. I'm truly sorry, Randy. We did help them out a bit by bringing in the crops that were still out. My sons, they're selling what we can at the stand we have out every year. We're keeping the money for you to use for—" "Mr. Prince, while I do appreciate you doing everything you could for them, my sisters, my brother, and I, we don't want anything to do with them.
I'm sorry that sounds so harsh, but we cut complete ties with them long ago." Randy sat down at the table. He felt like a shit hole for saying this aloud. "I'll pay for the funeral and whatever other expenses that they might have, but there isn't anything that would make me want to go back there again. I'm sorry." "I know you kids had it bad, I do know that. I wanted to…well, Randy, you don't know how hard it was for my missus and me not to step in sometimes. Even with all the distance between the houses, we still heard it." Randy thanked him. He wished he'd known that. He might have run to them when it was really bad. Which wasn't saying much—it had always been bad. "Well, you tell me what you want done here and I'll help you out with it. I never cared for your parents, I'll tell you that. But we do like the land and what it represents to people." "Yes, I'm sure that there are few people that cared all that much for my parents, Mr. Prince." Randy looked at the calendar on his desk. There was barely a minute to call his own. "I'll call my sisters and brother. See what it is they want to do.
I'm sure that none of us will be making the trip for the funeral. So if you could see your way to getting that taken care of, I'll pay you back. Nothing big, just something quick and done." "I'll get on that first thing. I'll let you know about when it is. I'll just have them a gravesite and bury them both at the same time. It might help you to know, if there was any insurance, that your father died first. Mrs. Wilson died last night." Randy thanked him. The man had always had the right amount of information to give someone without overwhelming you. "You let me know what you all decide. We're going to be working on selling off the crops and such. If it's enough, you might not be out of pocket anything."
After getting off the phone with the elderly man, Randy thought about what he'd said. The Prince family would have taken them in, he knew that now. It was too late, but they would have been there for them. Randy thought that had any of them known that, they would have been more well-adjusted adults and not afraid of every little sound—fearful of someone coming after them with a hot poker, or even a gun. Randy called his sister Meggie first, and she reacted just the way he'd thought she would—by doing the happy dance, she told him, right there in her kitchen. He asked her if she wanted to go with him to settle their estate. "Estate? You really think they were able to save any money after we left? We were always told what a terrible burden we were to them. I'm betting that they had no life insurance, no homeowners, nor anything on that property." She laughed bitterly. "No, I don't want to go unless I have to. And even then, I don't want to go. No, Randy, I'm over them. My life is finally on an even keel, and we both know how long that took me. Not to mention what it cost me." "I know, honey. And I'm so sorry." Meggie's husband had divorced her and taken the little girl that they had. But not long after the divorce had been finalized, her ex and the little girl were killed in a plane crash. It had taken her years to get over that. "I'll take care of everything. Mr. Prince said he'd make the arrangements for us." "He always was a very generous and nice man. The entire family was. I so wanted a family like that one, didn't you, Randy?"
He told her that he had, and also what Mr. Prince had told her. "They didn't have squat, but they would have given us all they had if we needed it. Tell him that I said thanks." "I will." Now he had to call Harper, but he thought that he'd call Tyler first. Harper only lived down the street from his family after moving into a small condo about two years ago. It was both a pleasure and a nightmare to have her so close. Harper didn't suffer fools lightly, nor did she have a filter between her brain and her mouth. Calling Tyler was much easier. "Mom and Pops have both died," he started off. Tyler, like Meggie, laughed. Then Randy told him about the fire and how things were being done. "Mr. Prince, do you remember his family? He's taking care of the arrangements for us. And I'm going to take care of anything else that might have to be done. After the funeral. I was wondering if you wanted to go with me." "No, and fuck no, I do not want to go." Tyler, a quieter version of Harper, then laughed. "No, if you want some company, I'll go with you, so long as you're one hundred percent sure that they're both gone. I don't have shit to say to them." "Neither do I. Meggie isn't going. I called her first." Tyler made fun of him for waiting to call Harper last. "You would too if you had to make this call." "Yes, you're more than likely right about that. She's a tad touchy about them." And she had every reason to be too. Harper, even being the youngest of them all, had endured the most from their parents. To this day she still— "I'm sorry, what did you say?"
"I said that I bet Harper will want to go for the simple reason that she wants to piss on their graves. Not to mention, I'm betting that before the end of the first day there, she has a certified letter stating that they're not only dead, but buried as well." Randy didn't think his brother was far off the mark. "Let me know what she's going to be doing, Randy. For now, I'll make sure that my calendar is clear for the next week. I know you'll have to take your computer, but we'll be there and back in no time." "All right." He put the phone in the cradle, thinking again that he was more than likely the only person in the world with a household phone still. It was for business and the fax machine. As he pressed the buttons for Harper's home, he wondered if she was in a more reasonable mood than she had been earlier today. Harper answered the phone like she and he had spoken not two seconds ago. "Did you know that there are over nine hundred thousand different kinds of bugs in the world? Which accounts for over eighty percent of the world population." He told her that he'd not known that. "I'm sorry about earlier today. I tend to get my underwear all twisted up when I drive, you know." "I do know, and cannot believe that you've not been arrested for it." She told him that she was cute. "You're not cute, Harper, you're gorgeous. Everyone but you knows that. Now, the reason that I called is that Mom and Dad are dead." She was quiet for a few minutes. He gave her time. His sister might be a hot head and about the most beautiful woman in the world, but she didn't empty her head when there was reflecting to do. "Who told you this?" He explained what Mr. Prince had told him, even about the way they'd not liked them.
"Did I ever tell you that Mrs. Prince took me to the hospital a couple of times? She was the nicest person I ever knew. I was sorry to hear of her passing. What do you want me to do, Randy, other than piss on their graves?" "That's what Tyler said you'd do. He's going with me, to settle up on anything that we might need to do. There is a lot of property there. I know that while it didn't grow shit, it was a good bit." She told him how many acres, then asked him what would happen to it now. "I haven't any idea, to be honest with you. I don't know if there is a will or anything. It would be like them to think that they would live forever." "Are they really dead, Randy? Please don't tell me this if it's not true. You of all people know what they did to me." He told her again, for like the millionth time, how sorry he was for everything. "It's not like you could have done anything about it. No one could have. They were out to kill us, or simply maim us in any way they could. I think they did a bang up job of it too." "They're dead, honey. I promise you. Mr. Prince was the one that called, as I said, and he'd never lie to us about anything like that." She said nothing, but he could hear her heavy sigh. "I was going to ask you if you wanted to go there with Tyler and I. But I can understand if you don't want to go." "I don't know." Again, Randy told her that he understood. "Can I let you know when you leave? You know me, because of my job, I have to be ready at a minute's notice. If not, then that's all right as well."
"I have to make arrangements for Tyler to go. And since we'll be staying overnight, I'll see about accommodations." She told him that she'd pay her part. "I have it this time. If something happens, then you can catch it the next. Or you can buy me dinner. Do you suppose Deb still works at the All Nighter?" "I just bet that she does. I think she and her husband are older than our parents. And they have the best open-faced sammiches I've ever eaten. Oh, now I'm hungry for one. And their pork fried sammiches. Holy shit, Randy—if I don't go, you'll have to bring those back with you." He didn't know how that was going to work, but he'd give it his best shot. None of his sisters or brother ever asked for anything. So when they did, any of them, he went out of his way to get it for them. After telling her he'd wait on her call, he called his wife, who was a teacher at the local high school. She wouldn't want to go either, only because she was coming up on her due date in a couple of months, but the doctor had already warned her about sitting in one place too long. "I hope Meggie and Harper both go with you. Perhaps I'll give Meggie a call. You all need this, to finalize things." Randy told Alice that he didn't know if there was anything to finalize. "No, silly. I meant to have closure. I think you would sleep better, and I know that Meggie still has nightmares. Harper? Well, I know she's haunted, but she won't talk about it. And your brother…well, he has his own demons, doesn't he?" "Yes. I think you're right. You talk to Meggie, and I'll arrange things for the four of us to go. I'll miss the kids and you." She said that she'd be right there when he returned. "All right, love, you work your magic and I'll work on this end of things. I love you, Alice Anne." "And I love you Randy Panda." He knew it was silly, the pet names, but he also knew that whenever the chance came up to do it, he was going to call her pet names until they were parted from this earth.
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My designer, Dianna Little, has been hard at work on the interior of the Seven Tales for the past couple weeks. I'm happy to report that she's almost done and it looks absolutely beautiful. The finished book will be 5¼x8″ and around 270 pages. The font will be of a generous size, meant for reading out loud, though not large enough to qualify as 'large type'. She'll be done the interior in the next couple of days and then start on the cover.
I can't wait to have a copy of the book in my grubby little hands (well, they're large and clean, but still). I expect to be able to receive a proof in early May and start sending out advance copies later that month. The official launch date is October 7th, 2015, and already, I'm booked up for readings all that week.