Bermuda-based Nordic American Tankers (NAT) has reached a time charter agreement for one of its Suezmax vessels with an oil major British Petroleum (BP).
The parties did not reveal the name of the vessel in question, nor the agreed charter rate for the period.
NAT's ship is set to start working under the contract in mid-September.
The latest charter contract come only weeks after the company reached separate time charter agreements with Shell, ExxonMobil and other major oil companies both in the West and in the East.
NAT has now five vessels on longer term contracts with major oil companies worldwide. In addition, the company has shorter contracts with other major energy companies in the East and in the West.
Posted on September 5, 2017 with tags British Petroleum, Nordic American Tankers, Suezmax.


text:
This is a list of unmade and/or unreleased animated projects by The Walt Disney Company. These include feature films, short films, and television series/specials, stemming from Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Disney Television Animation, and other animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company. Some of these projects stem from simply Walt Disney Pictures.

1930s

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940s

1940

1941

1942

Note: Disney studios produced an animated sequence for Samuel Goldwyn's film Up in Arms, which was unused in the final version of the film.

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

Note: Fun and Fancy Free, released in 1947, was originally planned to be two separate feature films.

1948

1949

Note: The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, released in 1949, was originally planned to be two separate feature films.

1950s

1951

1955

1959

1960s

1960

1963

1967

1969

1970s

1973

1976

1980s

1980

1981

1983

1985

1986

1988

1989

1990s

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1996

1998

2000s

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007
In June 2007, DisneyToon Studios president Sharon Morrill stepped down, and the animation studio units under the Walt Disney Company underwent corporate restructuring as the Pixar leadership assumed more control. Thus, most sequels, plus a prequel series, out of DisneyToon Studios were cancelled.

2010s

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2017

2018

2020s

2021

See also
 List of unproduced 20th Century Studios animated projects
 List of unproduced Marvel Comics projects
 List of unproduced television projects based on Marvel Comics
 List of unproduced films based on Marvel Imprints

References

Bibliography

Unmade and unreleased Disney animated shorts and feature films, List of
Disney
Unreleased Disney

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Journal of Software Engineering and Applications
Vol. 5 No. 11A (2012) , Article ID: 25185 , 8 pages DOI:10.4236/jsea.2012.531109
Reasoning about Context Information in Cloud Computing Environments
Norihiro Kamide1, Yishui Zhu1,2
1Faculty of Information Technology and Business, Cyber University, Japan; 2Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Email: drnkamide08@kpd.biglobe.ne.jp, syuisui@gmail.com
Received September 9th, 2012; revised October 8th, 2012; accepted October 17th, 2012
Keywords: Context Information; Context-Mixture Rule; Sequent Calculus; Resource-Sensitive Reasoning; Context-Aware Reasoning
The notion of context provides flexibility and adaptation to cloud computing services. Location, time identity and activity of users are examples of primary context types. The motivation of this paper is to formalize reasoning about context information in cloud computing environments. To formalize such context-aware reasoning, the logic LCM of context-mixture is introduced based on a Gentzen-type sequent calculus for an extended resource-sensitive logic. LCM has a specific inference rule called the context-mixture rule, which can naturally represent a mechanism for merging formulas with context information. Moreover, LCM has a specific modal operator called the sequence modal operator, which can suitably represent context information. The cut-elimination and embedding theorems for LCM are proved, and a fragment of LCM is shown to be decidable. These theoretical results are intended to provide a logical justification of context-aware cloud computing service models such as a flowable service model.
1.1. Contexts in Cloud Computing Environments
The motivation of this paper is to formalize reasoning about context information in cloud computing environments. To formalize such context-aware reasoning, the logic LCM of context-mixture is introduced as a Gentzentype sequent calculus based on linear logic [1,2], which is known to be a useful resource-sensitive logic. LCM has a specific inference rule called the context-mixture rule and a specific modal operator called the sequence modal operator [3,4]. The cut-elimination and embedding theorems for LCM are proved as the main results of this paper. A fragment of LCM is also shown to be decidable. These theoretical results are intended to provide a concrete logical justification of context-aware cloud computing service models such as a flowable service model [5,6].
The definitions of cloud computing, including on-demand, pay-by-use, virtualized and dynamically-scalable, imply the characteristics of cloud computing environments [7,8]. Cloud-related issues have been discussed and studied based on the notion of contexts which include location, time, identity and activity of users. The use of context is known to be very important in cloud and ubiquitous computing.
There is a widely accepted definition of context [9]:
Context is any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity. An entity is a person, place, or object that is considered relevant to the interaction between the user and application, including the user and application themselves.
Location, time, identity and activity are primary context types for characterizing the situation of a particular entity. Contexts can be classified into three categories [6]: nature context, human context and culture context. In the present paper, nature context is especially considered. Nature context includes when (time context) and where (location or space context) information.
1.2. Flowable Services
Context provides flexibility and adaptation to services. A flowable service, which is a new notion of context-aware cloud computing services, is a logical stream that organizes and provides circumjacent services in such a way that they are perceived by individuals as those naturally embedded in their surrounding environments [5,6,10-14]. A flow of service is a metaphor for a subconsciously controlled navigation that guides the user through fulfillment of a flowable service process that fits the user's context and situation and runs smoothly with unbroken continuity in an unobtrusive and supportive way. Flowable services can be useful to context-aware cloud computing applications such as Cloud Campus which is the e-learning environment of Cyber University in Japan.
The original intention of the flowable service model is to apply resources in open cloud environments [5,6,10- 14]. The model uses intensifying context information to adjust services flow to be more usable. The model shares resources or services fairly and to utmost extent. To formalize reasoning about the context-aware flowable service model in open cloud computing environments, we need an appropriate logic that can represent the following three items:
1) Context-mixture rule;
2) Resource-sensitive reasoning;
3) Context information.
1.3. Context-Mixture Rule
In this paper, the logic LCM of context-mixture, which can represent the above three items (context-mixture rule, resource-sensitive reasoning and context information), is introduced as a Gentzen-type sequent calculus based on linear logic. LCM has a specific inference rule called the context-mixture rule, which can naturally represent a mechanism for merging formulas with context information.
Merging formulas with context information, which represents an interaction between different context information, is required for suitable representation of context-aware flowable services, since to handle various kinds of context information is an important issue for flowable services. We call here such a merging mechanism context-mixture.
The notion of context-mixture is also important for representing deployment models in cloud computing environments [8]. Deployment models are classified as private cloud, community cloud, public cloud and hybrid cloud. The cloud infrastructure of hybrid cloud is a "mixture" (or composition) of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community or public) that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds).
The context-mixture rule of LCM is of the form:
where the multisets and of formulas with context information are mixed by this rule.
The rule (mixture) was introduce in [15], and was called the mingle rule. The name "mingle" was from the originnal version [16] of the mingle rule:
This original rule and the corresponding Hilbert-style axiom scheme have been studied in formalizing "relevant" human reasoning [16,17], grammatical reasoning [18] and reasoning about communicationmerge in process algebras [15].
As presented in [15], the context-mixture rule has been used for representing communication-merge in process algebras. This is also justified for the present study, since there is the slogan "context-as-process" presented in [19]: We must consider "context as a part of process of interacting with an ever-changing environment that is composed of reconfigurable, migratory, distributed and multiscale resources" because it is "not simply the state of a predefined environment with a fixed set of interaction resources".
1.4. Resource-Sensitive Reasoning
The logic LCM of context-mixture is obtained from linear logic [1,2] by adding the context-mixture rule (mixture) and a sequence modal operator, which represents a sequence of symbols. By the sequence modal operator in LCM, we can appropriately express "context information" in "resource-sensitive reasoning".
The notion of "resources", encompassing concepts such as processor time, memory, cost of components and energy requirements, is fundamental to computational systems. This notion is also very important for handling efficient resource management in cloud computing environments [20]. Examples of resources in cloud computing environments include storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth [8].
Linear logic can elegantly represent the notion of "resources" [1]. In linear logic, the concept of "resource consumption" can be represented by using the linear implication connective and the fusion connective, and the concept of "reusable resource" can be represented by using the linear exponential operator . A typical example formula is:
This example means "if we spend two coins, then we can have a cup of coffee and as much of water as we like" when the price of coffee is two coins and water is free. It is to be noted that this example cannot be expressed using classical logic, since the formula (two coins) in classical logic is logically equivalent to coin (one coin), i.e., classical logic has no resource-awareness.
1.5. Context Information
In order to discuss certain real and practical examples, the resource descriptions in linear logic should be more fine-grained and expressive and capable of conveying context information. For example, the following expressions may be necessary for some practical situations:
These examples respectively mean "in a teashop, if John spends three coins, then he can have a cup of coffee after two minutes and a cup of water after one minute," and "in a cafeteria, if John expends two coins, then he can have a cup of coffee after one minute." In these examples, the expressions , , and , which are regarded as "context information", can naturally be represented by the sequence modal operator in LCM.
As presented in [4], the following expressions are available in a subsystem of LCM:
which respectively mean:
"if a client sends an incorrect user ID and a correct password to login to a server at the -th login attempt, then the server returns an error message to the client."
"if a server returns the error messages more than twice to a client, then the server returns the password reject message to the client."
Note that the error messages are expressed as a "resource" by using the connectives and , and the "information" on servers, clients, and login-attempts is expressed by the sequence modal operator.
1.6. Informational Interpretation
The reason underlying the use of the notion of "sequences" in the sequence modal operator is explained below. The notion of "sequences" is fundamental to practical reasoning in computer science because it can appropriately represent "data sequences", "program-execution sequences", "action sequences", "time sequences" etc. The notion of sequences is thus useful to represent the notions of "information", "attributes", "trees", "or-ders", "preferences" and "ontologies". To represent "context information" by sequences is especially suitable because a sequence structure gives a monoid with informational interpretation [21]:
1) M is a set of pieces of (ordered or prioritized) information (i.e., a set of sequences);
2) ; is a binary operator (on M) that combines two pieces of information (i.e., a concatenation operator on sequences);
3) is the empty piece of information (i.e., the empty sequence).
Based upon the informational interpretation, a formula of the form intuitively means that "α is true based on a sequence of (ordered or prioritized) information pieces." Further, a formula of the form , which coincides with α, intuitively means that "α is true without any information (i.e., it is an eternal truth in the sense of classical logic)."
2. The Logic LCM of Context-Mixture
Prior to the precise discussion, the language of the proposed logic is introduced below. Formulas are constructed from propositional variables, 1 (multiplicative truth constant), (additive truth constant), (additive falsity constant), (implication), (conjunction), (fusion), (disjunction), (exponential), and (sequence modal operator) where is a sequence. Sequences are constructed from atomic sequences, (empty sequence) and; (composition). Lower-case letters are used for sequences, lower-case letters are used for propositional variables, Greek lower-case letters are used for formulas, and Greek capital letters are used for finite (possibly empty) multisets of formulas. For any , an expression is used to denote the multiset . The symbol is used to denote the equality of sequences (or multisets) of symbols. An expression means , and expressions and mean . A sequent is an expression of the form where is nonempty. It is assumed that the terminological conventions regarding sequents (e.g., antecedent and succedent) are the usual ones. If a sequent S is provable in a sequent calculus L, then such a fact is denoted as or . The parentheses for is omitted since is associative, i.e., and for any formulas α, β and γ. A rule R of inference is said to be admissible in a sequent calculus L if the following condition is satisfied: for any instance
of R, if for all i, then .
Definition 2.1. Formulas and sequences are defined by the following grammar, assuming p and e represent propositional variables and atomic sequences, respectively:
The set of sequences (including the empty sequence) is denoted as SE. An expression is used to represent with and , i.e., can be the empty sequence. Also, an expression is used to represent with and .
The logic LCM of context-mixture is then introduced below.
Definition 2.2. The initial sequents of LCM are of the form: for any propositional variable p,
The cut rule of LCM is of the form:
The sequence rules of LCM are of the form:
The logical inference rules of LCM are of the form:
It is remarked that Girard's intuitionistic linear logic ILL is a subsystem of LCM: It is obtained from LCM by deleting (mixture) and the sequence modal operators.
The sequents of the form for any formula α are provable in cut-free LCM. This fact is shown by induction on α.
The (possibly empty) multiset expression in (mixture) is needed to show the cut-elimination theorem for an extended linear logic with (mixture) [15].
Proposition 2.3. The following rules are admissible in cut-free LCM.
Proof. Straightforward. Here, we show only for the rule ( regu) by induction on the proofs P of in cut-free LCM. We distinguish the cases according to the last inference of P. We show only the following cases.
Case ( ): The last inference of P is of the form: . In this case, is also an initial sequent.
Case ( left): The last inference of P is of the form:
By induction hypothesis, we obtain:
We then obtain the required fact:
An expression means two sequents and .
Proposition 2.4. The following sequents are provable in cut-free LCM: for any formulas and any 1) where ;
2) where ;
3) ;
4) .
3. Some Results on LCM
Definition 3.1. LM is obtained from LCM by deleting {(;left), (;right)} and all the expressions as appearing in the initial sequents and the logical inference rules. The names of the logical inference rules of LM are denoted by labeling " " in superscript position, e.g.,
( ).
The logic LM is equivalent to a logic introduced in [15]. Indeed, LM is equivalent to the -free fragment of MILLm [15] where is the multiplicative falsity constant. As shown in [15], the cut-elimination theorem holds for LM. This fact will be used to show the cutelimination theorem for LCM. The fact that the -free fragment LM of LM is decidable will also be used to show the decidability of the -free fragment LCM of LCM.
Definition 3.2. We fix a countable set of propositional variables, and define the sets
of propositional variables where i.e., . The language (or the set of formulas) of LCM is obtained from , and . The language (or the set of formulas) of LM is obtained from , and .
A mapping from to is defined by:
1) for any , ;
Let be a set of formulas in . Then, an expression means the result of replacing every occurrence of a formula α in by an occurrence of .
Theorem 3.3. (Embedding) Let be a multiset of formulas in , γ be a formula in , and f be the mapping defined in Definition 3.2. Then:
Proof. ( ): By induction on the proofs P of in LCM. We distinguish the cases according to the last inference of P. We show some cases.
Case : The last inference of P is of the form: . Since by the definition of f, we obtain the required fact
Case (mixture): The last inference of P is of the form:
By induction hypothesis, we have and . Then, we obtain the required fact:
Case ( right1): The last inference of P is of the form:
By induction hypothesis, we have
. Then, we obtain the required fact:
where coincides with
by the definition of f.
Case (; left): The last inference of P is of the form:
. Then, we obtain the required fact, since coincides with by the definition of f.
: By induction on the proofs Q of in LM. We distinguish the cases according to the last inference of Q. We show some cases.
Case : The last inference of Q is of the form:
by the definition of f. By induction hypothesis, we have and
Case (cut): The last inference of Q is of the form:
Since is in , we can obtain by induction on . Then, by induction hypothesis, we have and . We then obtain the required fact by using (cut) in LCM. ■
Theorem 3.4. (Cut-elimination) The rule (cut) is admissible in cut-free LCM.
Proof. We have the following modified statements of Theorem 3.3:
1) if , then ;
2) if , then .
To show the second statement, we do not need to prove the case for (cut) as in Theorem 3.3.
We now prove the cut-elimination theorem for LCM as follows. Suppose . Then, we have by the modified statement 1) of Theorem 3.3, and hence by the cut-elimination theorem for LM. By the modified statement 2) of Theorem 3.3, we obtain . ■
Corollary 3.5. (Consistency) LCM is consistent, i.e., the empty sequent is not provable in cut-free LCM.
In the following, we show that the -free fragment LCM of LCM is decidable. Before to show the decidability of LCM , we mention that LCM is undecidable. ILL is known to be undecidable. The proof of the undecidability of ILL is carried out by encoding Minsky machine. LCM can encode Minsky machine in the same way as in ILL, since LCM is an extension of ILL.
Definition 3.6. LCM is obtained from LCM by deleting {( left), ( right), ( co), ( we)}, i.e., LCM is the -free fragment of LCM.
Definition 3.7. LM is obtained from LCM by deleting {(;left), (;right)} and all the expressions as appearing in the initial sequents and the logical inference rules.
Theorem 3.8. (Decidability) LCM is decidable.
Proof. The provability of LCM can be transformed into that of LM by the restriction of Theorem 3.3. Since LM is decidable, LCM is also decidable. ■
In this paper, the logic LCM of context-mixture, which can suitably express context information in cloud computting environments, was introduced. The cut-elimination and embedding theorems for LCM were proved, and the !-free fragment of LCM was shown to be decidable. LCM is based on an extended resource-sensitive (intuitionistic linear) logic with both the context-mixture rule (mixture) and the sequence modal operator [b]. The rule (mixture) of LCM can suitably represent a mechanism for merging formulas with context information, and the operator [b] of LCM can represent context information. A concrete logical foundation of reasoning about context information in cloud computing environments was thus obtained in this paper. Some technical remarks on LCM and some related works on context-aware modeling are addressed in the rest of this paper.
It is remarked that the sequence modal operator in LCM can be adapted to a wide range of non-classical logics. An extended intuitionistic linear logic with the sequence modal operator but without the context-mixture rule was shown to be useful for describing secure password authentication protocols [4]. An extended full computation-tree logic with the sequence modal operator was shown to be applicable to certain ontological descriptions [3]. An extended linear-time temporal logic with the sequence modal operator was shown to be useful for specifying some time-dependent secure authentication systems [22,23]. The sequence modal operator may be applicable to other useful non-classical logics, e.g., some extended linear logics [24,25].
The present paper was intended to provide a logical justification of context-aware cloud computing service models (such as a flowable service model) in cloud computing environments. We now give a survey of such context-aware model approaches. Context is used to challenge various issues in cloud and ubiquitous environments. Many context models have been proposed and developed: A key-value model, a markup model, an object-oriented model, and an ontology-based model (see [26] for a survey). Since location is one of the most typical context information, the location context involves special models: Geometric models, symbolic models and hybrid models. Wohltorf et al. [27] introduced a context-awareness module which combines three sub-modules: The location-based service module, the personalization module and the device and network independence module. This work introduced an agent-based serviceware framework to assist service providers in developing innovative services. Gu et al. [28] proposed an ontologybased context model which is based on the OWL inside the SOCAM (Service-Oriented Context-Aware Middleware) architecture. Coutaz et al. [19] proposed a conceptual framework for context-aware computing, including ontological and architectural foundations. In this method, the context is modeled as a directed state graph, where the nodes denote contexts and the edges denote the conditions for changes in contexts. Macedo et al. [29] developed a distributed information repository for automatic context-aware MANETs in order to adapt the multimedia context-rich application into service computing. Feug et al. [30] conceived a shared situation awareness model that supplies each user with agents for focused and customized decision support according to the user's context.
J.-Y. Girard, "Linear Logic," Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 50, No. 1, 1987, pp. 1-102. doi:10.1016/0304-3975(87)90045-4
A. S. Troelstra, "Lectures on Linear Logic," CSLI Lecture Notes, CSLI, Stanford, 1992.
N. Kamide and K. Kaneiwa, "Extended Full Computation-Tree Logic with Sequence Modal Operator: Representing Hierarchical Tree Structures," Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AI'09), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 5866, Melbourne, 1-4 December 2009, pp. 485-494.
N. Kamide and K. Kaneiwa, "Resource-Sensitive Reasoning with Sequential Information," Proceedings of the 23rd Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AI'10), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 6464, Adelaide, 7-10 December 2010, pp. 22-31.
Y. Zhu, R. Y. Shtykh and Q. Jin, "Provision of Flowable Services in Cloud Computing Environments," Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Future Information Technology (FutureTech'2010), Busan, 21-23 May 2010, pp. 1-6.
Y. Zhu, R. Y. Shtykh and Q. Jin, "A Human-Centric Framework for Context-Aware Flowable Services in Cloud Computing Environments," Information Sciences, 2012, in Press.
I. Foster, Y. Zhao, I. Raicu and S. Lu, "Cloud Computing and Grid Computing 360-Degree Compared," Grid Computing Environments Workshop (GCE'08), Austin, 16 November 2008, pp. 1-10. doi:10.1109/GCE.2008.4738445
P. Mell and T. Grance, "The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing," 2011. http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145.pdf
G. D. Abowd, A. K. Dey, P. J. Brown, N. Davies, M. Smith and P. Steggles, "Towards Better Understanding of Context and Context-Awareness," Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing (HUC'99), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1707, Karlsruhe, 27-29 September 1999, pp. 304- 307.
R. Y. Shtykh, Y. Zhu and Q. Jin, "A Context-Aware Framework for Flowable Services," Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering (MUE'09), Qingdao, 4-6 June 2009, pp. 251- 256.
Y. Zhu, R. Y. Shtykh, Q. Jin and J. Ma, "A Flowable Service Model for Seamless Integration of Services," Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advances in Computer Science and Engineering (ACSE'2009), Phuket, 16-18 March 2009, pp. 199-204.
Y. Zhu, R. Y. Shtykh and Q. Jin, "Harnessing User Contexts to Enable Flowable Services Model," Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Human-Centric Computing (HumanCom-10), Cebu, 11-13 August, 2010, pp. 1-6.
Y. Zhu and Q. Jin, "An Adaptively Emerging Mechanism for Context-Aware Service Selections Regulated by Feedback Distributions," Human-Centric Computing and Information Sciences, 2012, in Press.
Y. Zhu and Q. Jin, "An Adaptively Emerging Mechanism for Selection of Ambient Services," Proceedings of the 2012 FTRA International Conference on Advanced IT, Engineering and Management (FTRA AIM'2012), Seoul, 6-8 February 2012, pp. 157-158.
N. Kamide, "Linear Logics with Communication-Merge," Journal of Logic and Computation, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2006, pp. 3-20. doi:10.1093/logcom/exh029
M. Ohnishi and K. Matsumoto, "A System for Strict Implication," Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1964, pp. 183-188.
A. R. Anderson and N. D. Belnap Jr., "Entailment: The Logic of Relevance and Necessity, Volume 1," Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1975.
N. Kamide, "Substructural Logic with Mingle," Journal of Logic, Language and Information, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2002, pp. 227-249. doi:10.1023/A:1017586008091
J. Coutaz, J. L. Crowley, S. Dobson and D. Garlan, "Context Is Key," Communications of the ACM, Vol. 48, No. 3, 2005, pp. 49-53. doi:10.1145/1047671.1047703
A. J. Younge, G. von Laszewski, L. Wang, S. LopezAlarcon and W. Carithers, "Efficient Resource Management for Cloud Computing Environments," Proceedings of Green Computing Conference, Chicago, 15-18 August 2010, pp. 357-364. doi:10.1109/GREENCOMP.2010.5598294
H. Wansing, "The Logic of Information Structures," Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 681, 1993, pp. 1-163.
N. Kamide, "A Proof System for Temporal Reasoning with Sequential Information," Proceedings of the 20th Brazilian Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (SBIA 2010), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 6404, São Bernardo do Campo, 23-28 October 2010, pp. 283-292.
K. Kaneiwa and N. Kamide, "Sequence-Indexed LinearTime Temporal Logic: Proof System and Application," Applied Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 24, No. 10, 2010, pp. 896-913. doi:10.1080/08839514.2010.514231
N. Kamide, "Combining Soft Linear Logic and SpatioTemporal Operators," Journal of Logic and Computation, Vol. 14, No. 5, 2004, pp. 625-650. doi:10.1093/logcom/14.5.625
N. Kamide, "Linear and Affine Logics with Temporal, Spatial and Epistemic Operators," Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 353, No. 1-3, 2006, pp. 165-207.
C. Hoareau and I. Satoh, "Modeling and Processing Information for Context-Aware Computing: A Survey," New Generation Computing, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2009, pp. 177- 196. doi:10.1007/s00354-009-0060-5
J. Wohltorf, R. Cissee and A. Rieger, "BerlinTainment: An Agent-Based Context-Aware Environment Planning System," IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 43, No. 6, 2005, pp. 102-109. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2005.1452837
T. Gu, H. K. Pung and D. Q. Zhang, "A Service-Oriented Middleware for Building Context-Aware Services," Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Vol. 28, No. 1, 2005, pp. 1-18. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2004.06.002
D. Macedo, A. Dos Santos, J. M. S. Nogueira and G. Pujolle, "A Distributed Information Repository for Autonomic Context-Aware MANETs," IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2009, pp. 45-55. doi:10.1109/TNSM.2009.090304
Y. Feng, T. Teng and A. Tan, "Modeling Situation Awareness for Context-Aware Decision Support," Expert System with Applications, Vol. 36, No. 1, 2009, pp. 455-463. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2007.09.061
● JSEA Subscription
●Most popular papers in JSEA
●About JSEA News

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Who's ready for a healthy & fantastic dinner that takes just about zero effort to make? ME ME ME. When a person is feeling uber lazy (aka me all the time) what does that person do? Drag out their best friend, the slow cooker. If I could date my crock pot & not get weird looks in public, I probably would. My good friend, Lindsay, sent me this recipe a while back & I regret not making it sooner. Super easy to put together, super tasty & super healthy! Sorry, I'll stop using the word super. Anyways, you can serve this over rice, pasta or alone if you want. I served it over brown rice to keep things healthy. Thanks to skinnyms for the original recipe!
How difficult was this for Rachel? E.A.S.Y.
1 medium onion thinly sliced, not chopped!
Combine all the seasonings & garlic in a bowl & mix thoroughly.
Drizzle olive oil in the bottom of the slow cooker.
Season chicken w/ salt & pepper & then place in the bottom.
Place onions over chiken, then top with tomatoes & seasoning. Try to sprinkle the seasonings as evenly as possible. I did mix them a bit with the tomatoes.
Cook on high for 4 hours. I did move the chicken around just a bit once during the 4 hours.


Arbutus unedo Strawberry Tree from Woodlanders, Inc.
Small tree or large evergreen shrub with urn-shaped pinkish-white flowers in small panicles in fall/early winter. Orange-red strawberry-like fruit. Fruit matures over a year and is present at same time as flowers. Edible but not wonderful ! Slow grower. Related to azaleas, blueberries, etc. but does not require very acid soil. Native to Europe.


1)Items are in different warehouses.
3)Weight limit of custom or courier.
You will receive an email notification when each parcel is shipped.
You can check how the order was divided by clicking Track Order Details in My Orders in your Romwe account.


This is about de 2012 Hindi fiwm. For de souf-eastern port city in Bangwadesh, see Chittagong.
Chittagong is a 2012 Indian historicaw war drama fiwm directed by Bedabrata Pain. It stars Manoj Bajpayee in de wead rowe and is based upon events of British India's (now in Bangwadesh) Chittagong Uprising. The fiwm features music by trio Shankar Ehsaan Loy and sound by Resuw Pookutty. The worwd premier of fiwm was on 10 Apriw 2012. Chittagong reweased on 12 October 2012 and nett grossed Rs 3.1 miwwion at de Indian box office. This movie won de 60f Nationaw Fiwm Award for de Best Debut Fiwm of a Director.
The story is set against de backdrop of a wittwe-known saga in 1930s British cowoniaw India's East Bengaw (now Bangwadesh) where a group of schoowboys and young women, wed by a schoowteacher Masterda Surya Sen (Manoj Bajpayee), dared to take on de Empire. Chittagong is de story of a diffident 14-year-owd boy, Jhunku (Dewzad Hiwawe). Swept up into dis seemingwy impossibwe mission, de rewuctant teenager battwes wif sewf-doubts to achieve an improbabwe triumph.
Jhunku, now a 23-year-owd youf, is being chased by de Bengaw powice. He hides himsewf in a bunker wif his chiwdhood friend Aparna (Apu/Opu). Whiwe hiding, he begins to refwect on his past hopes and dreams. The story goes to a fwashback to narrate de events dat happened 10 years ago.
In 1930, Surya Sen and his fowwowers are protesting de deaf of de revowutionary Jatin Das. Jhunku is not awwowed to join dem by his wawyer fader who wants him to study in Engwand. Apart from fearing his fader, Jhunku is awso torn between his admiration and respect for de magistrate, Wiwkinson Barry John and his wife, who show great wikings for him and his fascination for de charismatic figure of Masterda, who is fowwowed and revered by most of his friends. Jhunku, due to his faif in Wiwkinson who is personawwy against torturing revowutionaries, has great bewief in British justice and bewieves dat by getting an Engwish education he might better eqwip himsewf to free his country. This causes arguments between him and his friends, especiawwy Aparna. Wiwkinson is opposed by de powice inspector Major Johnson who defies his orders and arrests de protesters, and badwy tortures Masterda.
In protest, some students hit de strict powice officer Maj. Johnson (Awexx O'Neww) by spiwwing oiw under his motorbike, making him faww. Enraged, Johnson makes random enqwiries about de cuwprits but are unsuccessfuw. However, Wiwkinson manages to confirm de truf out of Jhunku, and an enraged Johnson den shoots Sukhen (Shaheb Bhattacharya), one of de boys invowved. This incident makes Jhunku an outcast amongst his friends, and he becomes determined to avenge de deaf of Sukhen, uh-hah-hah-hah. Soon afterwards, Johnson is made de DIG of powice awdough Wiwkinson had reqwested his transfer. This incident furder shocks Jhunku. Aww his faif on his tutor Sir Wiwkinson is wost, and he joins Masterda's army. Meanwhiwe Pritiwata Waddedar (Vega Tamotia) a schoow teacher by profession, is fascinated by de ideowogies of Masterda and has great admiration for him. She wishes to join him in his future pwans against de British Ruwe. She awso appears to be in wove wif Nirmaw sen (Nawazuddin Siddiqwi) but he is rewuctant to express his feewings.
Masterda and his comrades Nirmaw Sen, Loknaf Baw (Rajkummar Rao), Ambika Chakrabordy (Dibyendu Bhattacharya) and Ananta Singh (Jaideep Ahwawat) train de 50-odd students and pwan to capture de town of Chittagong on 18 Apriw 1930 by disconnecting aww modes of communication, uh-hah-hah-hah. As per pwan, de armoury of de powice is captured by a group of revowutionaries wed by Ganesh Ghosh and revowutionaries, wed by Lokenaf Bauw takes over de Auxiwiary Force armoury. Unfortunatewy de machine guns are not wocated. The revowutionaries awso diswocate tewephone and tewegraph communications and disrupt de movement of de trains. After de successfuw raids, aww de revowutionary groups gadered outside de powice armoury where Surya Sen takes a miwitary sawute, hoisting de nationaw fwag and procwaims a provisionaw revowutionary government. The whowe town is overjoyed at de success of Indian Repubwican Army and Chittagong is officiawwy conqwered by Surya Sen and his boys for one day. However, reinforcements from Cawcutta soon set out to capture de rebews. Knowing of de army attack, de revowutionaries weave town before dawn and march towards de Jawawabad hiww ranges, wooking for a safe pwace. But de British Army's first wave is demowished by Masterda's teenagers. This enrages de British and dey bring in machine guns. Harish awso known as Tegra, de younger broder of Lokenaf and a friend of Jhunku, dies.
Soon after revowutionaries disperse in smawwer groups, to nearby viwwages. Ahsanuwwah Khan (Anurag Arora) from CID comes to Chittagong and cracks down on de revowutionaries. Jhunku is arrested and is severewy beaten by Johnson and Ahsanuwwah during interrogation; he refuses to betray his weaders and comrades. He is sentenced to Kaawa-Paani for wife imprisonment. In due course, many revowutionaries and powice officiaws are kiwwed in de gun fights incwuding noted revowutionary Nirmaw Sen and powice CID chief Ahsanuwwah. However, Pritiwata Waddedar successfuwwy attacks de Pahartawi European Cwub and assassinates DIG Johnson; being gravewy wounded she commits suicide by swawwowing cyanide.
After a prowonged search, powice search and arrests Master Da Surya Sen and sentences him to deaf by hanging. Thus Jhunku ends narrating de part and says dat he was reweased in 1939 and again participated in de uprisings wif Aparna. In one such incident dere is a pwan to attack de government godowns where de Britishers and feudaw wandwords have kept common peasant's grain, uh-hah-hah-hah. The British bwock aww de roads to godowns weading Jhunku to an idea to create underground dungeons tiww de granaries. Twenty viwwages join hands and operate. The wast scene shows Jhunku being stopped by Maj. Wiwkinson who says he is stiww sympadetic to Jhunku and wants him to go away ewse he wiww be bound to arrest him once again, uh-hah-hah-hah. Jhunku signaws to Wiwkinson dat everyone is awake and shows him de mass crowd arising from de dungeons and heading towards de government granaries dat forces Wiwkinson to retreat. This is named de Tebagha Uprising of 1945, which marked de end of British Raj in India. The fiwm ends wif de memorabwe song "Ishaan, uh-hah-hah-hah."
Anurag Kashyap posted a message on his Facebook account accusing Amitabh Bachchan of using his cwout for dewaying de rewease of Chittagong, as his son Abhishek Bachchan's fiwm was awso based on de Chittagong uprising. Bedabrata Pain, dough, said it was dewayed due to de distributors suggesting to postpone it despite him preferring it to rewease before Khewein Hum Jee Jaan Sey. He awso said dat Abhishek and his mom Jaya had woved de script when he went to offer de rowe to Abhishek.
Aww wyrics written by Prasoon Joshi; aww music composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy.
The awbum was met wif criticaw accwaim. Kartik of Miwwibwog praised de awbum, cawwing it a "cwassy opening to Shankar Ehsaan Loy's 2012 account". Music Awoud remarked dat de soundtrack was de 'best of SEL in a wong time'. DunkDaft qwoted about de music as 'A sheer dewightfuw soundtrack for de period fiwm'.
Khawid Mohamed praised de score as "evocative", whiwe Shabna Ansari of NDTV deemed it "souwfuw".
A speciaw screening of Chittagong was done in Mumbai on 3 October 2012 at Cinemax Versova, a western Mumbai suburb. Severaw Bowwywood biggies incwuding Amitabh Bachchan, Shahrukh Khan, Resuw Pookutty and Aniw Kapoor turned up to support de fiwmmaker.
The fiwm was reweased worwdwide on 12 October 2012. It garnered mostwy positive reviews from critics.
Srijna Mitra Das of Times of India gave it 3.5 stars. "Like a Chittagong orchid, de movie takes time to bwossom - but when it does, it's beautifuw. And pweases a certain master" said ToI. Rediff Movies cawwed Chittagong honest and gave it 3 stars: "Chittagong is an important fiwm despite its shortcomings," writes Raja Sen of rediff. Taran Adarsh of Bowwywood Hungama gave 3.5 stars. Aniruddha Guha of DNA gave it 3.5 stars. "Chittagong is de kind of fiwm dat wiww weave you wif a heavy heart, and moved. Give it a shot." said DNA. MOZVO, sociaw movie rating site, gave Chittagong 3.5 out of 5 making it a 'Recommended' movie. Shubra Gupta of de Indian Express gave 3.5 stars. Jim Luce of Huffington Post wrote "The fiwm Chittagong is a briwwiant, poignant action-drama, made more so by de fact dat it is true."
Best Mawe Pwayback Singer Shankar Mahadevan - "Bowo Na"
Best Lyrics Prasoon Joshi - "Bowo Na"
^ "The Pioneer". Daiwypioneer.com. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
^ Mumbai Mirror (23 August 2012). "Chittagong to be reweased in October". The Times of India. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "Rewease Dates | Bowwywood Box Office". Bowwywood Hungama. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "Young rebews-chittagong budget -4.5 cr-one-tenf of Khewe jee jan sey 45 cr". Business Standard. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
^ "Box Office Earnings 26/10/12 - 01/11/122 (Nett Cowwections in Ind Rs)". boxofficeindia. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
^ "Boxofficeindia.com". Boxofficeindia.com. 15 October 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "Boxofficeindia.com". Boxofficeindia.com. 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "Boxofficeindia.com". Boxofficeindia.com. 12 October 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "Chittagong Premieres at 10f Annuaw Indian Fiwm Festivaw of Los Angewes". uprisingradio.org. 10 Apriw 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ Unny, Divya (26 March 2012). "'Chittagong' to finawwy see de wight of day". Mid-day.com. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "Chittagong is not inspired by Manini Chatterjee's book - Pain | Bowwywood News | Hindi Movies News | Cewebrity News". BowwywoodHungama.com. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "Manoj Bajpayee, back in de wimewight". Screenindia.com. 2 Juwy 2010. Retrieved 3 Juwy 2011.
^ "Manoj is back wif a bang -STAR Box Office – News". Starboxoffice.com. 1 Juwy 2010. Retrieved 3 Juwy 2011.
^ "I'm in no competition wif Abhishek: Manoj". The Times of India. 2 February 2010. Retrieved 3 Juwy 2011.
^ "'Chittagong': Manoj Bajpayee took no money for de fiwm". The Times of India. 28 September 2012. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
^ PTI 10 Oct 2012, 02.24PM IST (10 October 2012). "'Chittagong' is great cinema: Manoj Bajpayee". The Times of India. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "Vega Tamotia's next a romantic-comedy opposite Vir Das". Indian Express. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "A stiww from "Chittagong" movie". Fiwmitown, uh-hah-hah-hah.com. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ Ians (8 September 2012). "Nawaz, Manoj turn revowutionaries for 'Chittagong'". Entertainment.in, uh-hah-hah-hah.msn, uh-hah-hah-hah.com. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "Nawaz, Manoj turn revowutionaries for 'Chittagong'". The Times of India. 7 September 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "Anurag Kashyap accuses Big B of postponing rewease of Chittagong". Bowwywood Hungama. Retrieved 3 Juwy 2011.
^ "The pain of creation : Interview". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 Juwy 2011.
^ "Chittagong (Music review), Hindi – Shankar Ehsaan Loy by Miwwibwog!". 29 September 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2012. Cwassy opening to Shankar Ehsaan Loy's 2012 account!
^ "Chittagong-Music Review by DunkDaft". DunkDaft. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
^ "The After Hrs review: Chittagong is compewwing - Entertainment - DNA". 13 October 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2012. The fiwm is seen drough de eyes of de youngest sowdier in de Indian freedom struggwe – Subodh Roy aka Jhunku (Dewzad Hiwawe).
^ "PIX: SRK, Bachchans at Chittagong premiere - Rediff.com Movies". Rediff.com. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "Chittagong fiwm review". Times of India. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
^ "Review: Chittagong is an honest fiwm". Rediff. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
^ "Chittagong". Bowwywood Hungama. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
^ "Aniruddha Guha reviews: Chittagong wiww weave you wif a heavy heart". DNA India. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
^ "Chittagong Review". MOZVO. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
^ "Quiet Revowution". The Indian Express. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
^ "A Gandhi for Our Age: Indian Fiwm on Independence". Huffington Post. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
^ "Cowors Screen Awards: 'Barfi', 'GoW', 'Vicky Donor' wead de wist of nominations". IBNLive. 2 January 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
^ "60f Nationaw Fiwm Awards: Reguwations" (PDF) (Press rewease). Directorate of Fiwm Festivaws. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
^ "Winners - Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2012". www.radiomirchi.com. Retrieved 27 Apriw 2018.
This page was wast edited on 13 Apriw 2019, at 22:59 (UTC).


The solution for management and processing of picking orders.
Smartpick 6000 is the solution that supports different picking strategies.
Multi-Order-Picking (Batching) bundles several orders together into a batch order so that the material that is required for several orders only has to be picked once.


This coupon gives you an addition 20% off on the price of the Wine Aging Device that will soon be offered in a crowd funding event. A mock up of the first commercial device is show here at the left. The device will have its own, on-board power supply and timer. The device will shut itself off after the elapsed time set by the User. Also included with the Wine Aging Device will be a database app that will alow the User to search "recipes" that have been tried and reported on by other Users in the Wine-Tek, LLC, Community.
Hold on to this coupon and redeem it during the introductory crowd funding event to get an extra 20% off your Pre-ordered Wine Aging Device. Please, only one coupon per individual.


Life Membership is awarded to those who have reached the age of seventy (70) or greater and have been CFPC members in good standing for at least ten (10) continuous years immediately prior to the date of nomination.
Life Membership is presented at the CFPC's Convocation Ceremony, held during Family Medicine Forum (FMF) 2018, November 14 to 17, in Toronto.
Invitations will be sent in July to those receiving Life Membership.
Upon receiving this honour, members will be entitled to append the letters (LM) (Life Member) to their name following the Convocation and Awards Ceremony.


text:
%% Reproduce table 1 from "Robust statistical modeling using the T distribution
% Lange et al, JASA 1989
% The estimated coefficients are similar
% However, this does *not* reproduce the log likelihoods correctly
% The reason for this is not clear - is Lange evaluating the expected
% complete data loglik instead?
%
% PMTKauthor Hannes Bretschneider
%%

% This file is from pmtk3.googlecode.com

saveLatex = false;
loadData('stackloss');
n = size(X,1);
X1 = [ones(n,1) X];
%% fit model
% dof=0 means estimate from data
% dof=100 means effectively use Gaussian model
dofs = [100, 8, 4, 3, 2, 1.1, 1, 0.5, 0];
modelEM = cell(1,length(dofs));
loglikEM  = zeros(1, length(dofs));
for i = 1:length(dofs)
    dof = dofs(i);
    modelEM{i} = linregRobustStudentFitEm(X, y, dof);
    loglikEM(i) = sum(linregLogprob(modelEM{i}, X, y));

    % debug - use objective fn from linregRobustStudentFitConstr
    sigma2 = modelEM{i}.sigma2; w = [modelEM{i}.w0; modelEM{i}.w];
    sigma = sqrt(sigma2);
    theta = y - X1*w;
    nll = sum(1/2*log(dof*pi) + log(gamma(dof/2)) - log(gamma((dof+1)/2)) + ...
        log(sigma) + (dof+1)/2*log(1+theta.^2 / (sigma2*dof)));
    %assert(approxeq(nll, -loglikEM(i))) % FAILS!

    if optimToolboxInstalled
      modelConstr{i} = linregRobustStudentFitConstr(X, y, dof);
      loglikConstr(i) = sum(linregLogprob(modelConstr{i}, X, y));
    end
end

%% format output

fprintf('estimated dof using EM %5.3f\n', ...
    modelEM{end}.dof);
ndof = length(dofs);
table = NaN(ndof,6);
table(:,1) = dofs';
table(:,2) = loglikEM';
for i = 1:ndof
    table(i,3:6) = [modelEM{i}.w0, rowvec(modelEM{i}.w)];
end

labels = {'dof', 'loglik', 'w0', 'w1', 'w2', 'w3'};
if saveLatex
    latextable(table, 'Format', '%5.3f', 'horiz', labels, 'hline', 1, ...
        'name', 'stacklossOutputEm');
end
table

if optimToolboxInstalled
  fprintf('estimated dof, EM %5.3f, constr %5.3f\n', ...
    modelEM{end}.dof, modelConstr{end}.dof);
  table = NaN(ndof,6);
  table(:,1) = dofs';
  table(:,2) = loglikConstr';
  for i = 1:ndof
    table(i,3:6) = [modelConstr{i}.w0, rowvec(modelConstr{i}.w)];
  end
  if saveLatex
    latextable(table, 'Format', '%5.3f', 'horiz', labels, 'hline', 1, ...
      'name', 'stacklossOutputConstr');
  end
  table
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Presenze ed assenze delle campionesse in carica

Risultati
Stadio olimpico, 20-21 agosto.

Una delle probabili protagoniste, Eunice Barber, in precario stato di forma, rinuncia per iscriversi al solo salto in lungo (non avrà fortuna).
Carolina Klüft parte bene: si avvicina al primato personale nelle prime due prove (13"21 sugli ostacoli e 1,91 nell'alto) e batte il suo record nel peso (14,77). Chiude la prima giornata con un vantaggio di 220 punti su Kelly Sotherton. La campionessa uscente Denise Lewis si difende bene ma alla quarta gara, i 200 metri, ha un controprestazione e scende al nono posto nella classifica generale. Natallja Sazanovič, medagliata sia ad Atlanta sia a Sydney, è costretta a ritirarsi alla terza prova per un infortunio al ginocchio.

Nella seconda giornata la Klüft continua a dominare, la Sotherton è in difficoltà mentre Austra Skujytė risale dalla quinta posizione. Si ritira Denise Lewis dopo una deludente prova nel lungo. Nei lanci Austra Skujyte supera la Sotherton issandosi al secondo posto. Nell'ultima gara, gli 800 metri, entrambe fanno il proprio record personale. La Skujyte mantiene un vantaggio finale di 11 punti e si aggiudica l'argento.

Nella classifica finale ben 22 atlete hanno totalizzato almeno 6.000 punti.

Carolina Klüft vince con un margine di 517 punti, il più alto mai visto sinora nell'Eptathlon in una competizione di livello mondiale.

Atletica leggera femminile ai Giochi della XXVIII Olimpiade
2004


Changing top, white, for IKEA Nordli and Koppang chest of drawers with a depth of 45,7-47,4 cm.
Changing top, white for all chest of drawers with a depth of 43-44,5 cm.
Also suitable for IKEA Nordli chest of drawers with a depth of 43-44,5 cm.