For other uses, see Dartford (disambiguation).
Dartford is the principal town in the Borough of Dartford, Kent, England. It is located 18 miles (29 kilometres) south-east of Central London, and is situated adjacent to the London Borough of Bexley to its west. To its north, across the Thames estuary, is Thurrock in Essex, which can be reached via the Dartford Crossing.
Dartford is twinned with Hanau in Germany and Gravelines in France.
Like most of the United Kingdom, Dartford has an oceanic climate.
In prehistoric times, the first people appeared in the Dartford area around 250,000 years ago: a tribe of prehistoric hunter-gatherers whose exemplar is called Swanscombe Man. Many other archaeological investigations have revealed a good picture of occupation of the district with important finds from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.
When the Romans engineered the Dover to London road (afterwards named Watling Street), it was necessary to cross the River Darent by ford, giving the settlement its name. Roman villas were built along the Darent Valley, and at Noviomagus (Crayford), close by. The Saxons may have established the first settlement where Dartford now stands. Dartford manor is mentioned in the Domesday Book, compiled in 1086, after the Norman conquest. It was then owned by the king.
During the medieval period Dartford was an important waypoint for pilgrims and travellers en route to Canterbury and the Continent, and various religious orders established themselves in the area. In the 12th century the Knights Templar had possession of the manor of Dartford; the National Trust property at Sutton-at-Hone, to the south of the town, is a remaining piece of that history. In the 14th century, a priory was established here, and two groups of friars—the Dominicans and the Franciscans—built hospitals here for the care of the sick. At this time the town became a small but important market town.
Wat Tyler, of Peasants' Revolt fame, might well have been a local hero, although three other towns in Kent all claim likewise, and there are reasons to doubt the strength of Tyler's connection to Dartford, though the existence of a town centre public house named after him could give credence to Dartford's claim. Dartford, however, cannot claim a monopoly on public houses named after Tyler.
It is probable that Dartford was a key meeting point early in the Peasants' Revolt with a detachment of Essex rebels marching south to join Kentish rebels at Dartford before accompanying them to Rochester and Canterbury in the first week of June 1381. Although lacking a leader, Kentishmen had assembled at Dartford around 5 June through a sense of county solidarity at the mistreatment of Robert Belling, a man claimed as a serf by Sir Simon Burley. Burley had abused his royal court connections to invoke the arrest of Belling and, despite a compromise being proposed by bailiffs in Gravesend, continued to demand the impossible £300 of silver for Belling's release. Having left for Rochester and Canterbury on 5 June, the rebels passed back through Dartford, swollen in number, a week later on 12 June en route for London.
In the 15th century, two kings of England became part of the town's history. Henry V marched through Dartford in November 1415 with his troops after fighting the French at the Battle of Agincourt; in 1422 Henry's body was taken to Holy Trinity Church by Edmund Lacey, Bishop of Exeter, who conducted a funeral. In March 1452, Richard, Duke of York, camped at the Brent allegedly with ten thousand men, waiting for a confrontation with King Henry VI. The Duke surrendered to the king in Dartford. The place of the camp is marked today by York Road, Dartford.
The 16th century saw significant changes to the hitherto agrarian basis of the market in Dartford, as new industries began to take shape (see below). The priory was destroyed in 1538 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries and a new manor house was subsequently constructed by King Henry VIII. In 1545, Henry held a series of meetings of his Privy Council in the town, and from 21 to 25 June 1545 Dartford was the seat of the national government. Henry's fourth wife Anne of Cleves lived at the new priory for four years before her death in 1557.
Many Protestants were executed during the reigns of Queen Mary (1553–1554) and Philip and Mary (1554–1558), including Christopher Wade, a Dartford linen-weaver who was burnt at the stake on the Brent in 1555. The Martyrs' Memorial on East Hill commemorates Wade and other Kentish Martyrs. In 1576 Dartford Grammar School was founded, part of the Tudor emphasis on education for ordinary people.
The earliest industries were those connected with agriculture, such as the brewing of traditional beers and ales. Lime-burning and chalk-mining also had their place. Fulling was another: the cleansing of wool needed a great deal of water, which the river could provide. This led to other water-based industries, using hydropower to operate machinery.
Upon his return in 1578 from Frobisher Bay in the Canadian Arctic with a reputed cargo of gold-bearing ore, Sir Martin Frobisher had the refining done on Powder Mill Lane in Dartford. However, the ore proved valueless and was used for road surfacing. Sir John Spilman set up the first paper mill in England at Dartford in 1588 on a site near Powder Mill Lane, and soon some 600 employees worked there, providing an invaluable source of local employment. Iron-making on the Weald was in full operation at this time, and iron ingots were sent to Dartford, to England's first iron-slitting mill, set up by the Darent at Dartford Creek in 1595 by Godfrey Box, an immigrant from the Low Countries. In 1785, John Hall, a millwright set up a workshop in Lowfield Street and began to make engines, boilers and machinery (some of it for the local gunpowder factory run by Miles Peter Andrews and the Pigou family), marking the foundation of J & E Hall, an engineering firm specialising in heavy engineering, and later refrigerating equipment, and, for 20 years from 1906, vehicle production, plus lifts and escalators.
From those humble beginnings in the 18th century was to come the industrial base on which the growth and prosperity of Dartford were founded. In 1840 the mustard factory of Saunders & Harrison was described as being "perhaps the largest in the kingdom". Dartford Paper Mills were built in 1862, when excise duty on paper was abolished. Between 1844 and 1939 the fabric printing works of Augustus Applegath were in being in Bullace Lane: again a firm using the waters of the river. RAF Joyce Green, at Long Reach, near Dartford was one of the first Royal Flying Corp airfields, It was established in 1911 by Vickers Limited (the aircraft and weapons manufacturer, who used it as an airfield and testing ground. It was superseded by Biggin Hill, and closed in 1919. The demand created by World War I meant that output at the local Vickers factory multiplied, with a positive effect on the local economy. Burroughs-Wellcome chemical works (later incorporated into GlaxoSmithKline) made Dartford a centre for the pharmaceutical industry. There has been a large power station at Littlebrook on the Thames, to the north of the town, since 1939. The current station, which features one of the tallest chimneys in the UK, dates from about 1978.
The Mazda motor manufacturer has its UK head office at the large Thames-side Crossways Business Park. Thomas Walter Jennings created the iconic Vox musical brand, with original products such as the AC15 and AC30 amplifiers originating in Dartford. In early 2006, the since-closed South East England Development Agency (SEEDA) purchased the former Unwins (an off-licence chain that went into administration in 2005) depot on the edge of the town. The warehouse was demolished and a business centre, The Base, built in its place. The Base will be managed by Basepoint Centres and funded by the non-departmental public body, HCA.
By 2018, the former GlaxoSmithKline manufacturing site in Mill Pond Road had been redeveloped with residential apartments and is known as Langley Square.
Some of Dartford's key industries, including brewing, paper-making, flour milling and the manufacture of cement, suffered extreme decline in the 20th century, causing redundancies and unemployment. Swanscombe Cement Works (now redeveloped into Bluewater shopping centre) was closed by Blue Circle in 1990. This industry had been an economic boon to the area, but left behind a lot of derelict land and pollution. In 1990 Dartford contained around 1,700 acres (6.9 km2) of spoiled land resulting from extractive industries, and cement-dust pollution from local cement works was a regular subject of complaint in the local press throughout the 20th century.
The closure of Dartford's major employers: Seagers' Engineering Works, J & E Hall International, Vickers, the reduction and subsequent closure of Burroughs Wellcome (now GlaxoSmithKline), and the redevelopment of nearby Bexleyheath as a shopping town in the 1970s (and the more recent development of the Bluewater Shopping Centre), have had a negative effect on the economy of Dartford, but the town is still home to major brands such as Sainsbury's, W.H. Smiths, and Boots. With the opening of the major Bluewater regional shopping centre just outside the town, the high street has seen a growth in cheaper brands such as Primark and Wilko taking over empty premises. In the 1990s, the local economy was boosted by the establishment of a number of business parks in the area, the biggest being Crossways Business Park at the foot of the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge.
In 2007 Dartford saw an increase in the number of chain stores located in the town as B&Q, M&S Simply Food, TK Maxx and Asda Living opened new outlet stores in the town centre. Before this Safeway had taken part in the development of Dartford's second shopping centre, The Orchards, located next to the Orchard Theatre. The Safeway's site was eventually taken over by Waitrose but this closed in March 2014 and a new Aldi store opened in June 2015. The historical and once bustling main High Street and adjacent shopping centre, The Priory, continue to decline, and went into receivership in 2013. and the large department store previously occupied by the Co-operative has now been demolished, having been bought by Dartford Borough Council. The oldest independent business still trading in Dartford, the butchers Richardson & Sons in Lowfield Street, established in 1908, closed down in 2014 to make way for the proposed Lowfield centre superstore development. The problems with obtaining planning permission for this development and associated residential units were compounded by the recession. This created persistent delay in regeneration of the Lowfield Street site, and on 8 January 2015 it was finally announced that the Tesco plans were to be abandoned.
The Orchard Theatre, located in the town centre, is a fully professional theatre, providing audiences with a large range of drama, dance, music and entertainment. The Mick Jagger Centre, within the grounds of Dartford Grammar School on Shepherds Lane, was completed in 2000 and provides facilities for community arts across a wide region. The local museum in Market Street is housed in the same building as the library.
Central Park is a formal park in the town centre. It is used for various community events. It comprises 26 acres (110,000 m2) of land.
Dartford F.C. play at Princes Park Stadium and compete in the National League South. There are also three other senior clubs based in Dartford: Southern Counties East Football League Division 1 club Kent Football United F.C. and Kent County Football League clubs Fleetdown United who play at Heath Lane Lower, and Halls AFC who play at the Community Stadium at Princes Park.
Dartford Harriers Athletic Club was formed in 1922 and is currently based at Central Park. Dartford is also home to Dartford and White Oak Triathlon Club; formed in 1988, it is one of the oldest British Triathlon Federation clubs in the UK. The club trains at The Bridge Estate, Dartford.
Sports centres in Dartford include the Becket Sports Centre, within the grounds of Dartford Grammar School on Shepherds Lane, which is the home of several sports groups.
Between 1877 and 1903 the number of hospitals in Dartford rose to 11, together providing 10,000 hospital beds, at a time when the town's population was a little over 20,000. The majority of these have been closed, especially since the opening of Darent Valley Hospital. One of the best-known, Stone House Hospital, in Cotton Lane to the east of the town, was opened on 16 April 1866 as the "City of London Lunatic Asylum". It was, and still is, a large castellated structure built in spacious grounds. It remained under the direct administration of the City of London until 1948, when it was transferred to the National Health Service (NHS). It remains one of the largest and most visible structures in Dartford, and was until recently operated by the NHS to manage regional health care delivery, and was also home to a nursing school, Livingstone Hospital, on East Hill. The main buildings of this facility are now closed, and have been turned into luxury flats.
The route of a Celtic ancient trackway which the Romans later paved and identified as Iter III on the Antonine Itinerary, later to be called Watling Street, and which the current A2 roughly follows, passed close to the town. After the Romans left Britain, it fell out of use, as the town itself developed and traffic went into the town itself, the name Watling Street transferring to the new route. The introduction of stagecoach services increased the amount of traffic through the town, so that by the 18th century it had become necessary to control the upkeep of such a heavily used road. Turnpike Trusts were set up by Act of Parliament. Dartford was served by two: that for Watling Street; and the road south to Sevenoaks, both brought into being between 1750 and 1780.
From 1925 the A2 main road took traffic away from Dartford town centre via the Princes Road bypass. Today the original main road through the town is the A226. The erstwhile turnpike road south to Sevenoaks is now the A225). A newer by-pass is the A206, which skirts the town to the north. Its prime purpose is to carry traffic from the riverside industrial developments on to the Dartford Crossing from both west and east. Dartford is perhaps most well known for the latter, the main mode of crossing the River Thames to the east of London, where the southbound A282 (part of the London Orbital) crosses the river via the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge toll bridge, opened in 1991. The northbound carriageway crosses via the twin bore Dartford Tunnel. The first tunnel was opened in 1963, and the second in 1980.
Dartford railway station is located in the town centre and is connected to London via three National Rail routes. The first railway London to Dartford connection was the North Kent Line via Woolwich Arsenal in 1849, connecting at Gravesend with the line to the Medway Towns. Later two more lines were built, the Dartford Loop Line through Sidcup, which opened in 1866, and the Bexleyheath Line, which opened in 1895. All the lines were electrified on 6 June 1926.
The Queen Elizabeth II Bridge forms the southbound lane of the Dartford Crossing from Essex to Kent.
Dartford is served by many bus services provided by Transport for London, Arriva Kent Thameside and Go Coach Buses. These connect Dartford with areas including Bexleyheath, Bluewater, Crayford, Erith, Gravesend, Orpington, Sidcup, Swanley, West Kingsdown, Welling and Woolwich.
Richard Trevithick memorial at St. Edmund's Park.
The Parish Church, Holy Trinity, is situated on the western bank of the River Darent, from where a hermit would conduct travellers across the ford. The church was originally a 9th-century Saxon structure, but gained later Norman additions. In the 13th century a royal wedding was celebrated there; thus today the choristers are entitled to wear scarlet cassocks. Also on display within the church is a brass plaque commemorating the work of Richard Trevithick, the pioneer of steam propulsion, who, at the end of his career, lived, worked (at J & E Hall) and died in the town.
The graveyard is situated in St Edmund's Pleasance on the summit of East Hill (the place where Richard Trevithick is buried), which gave rise to a traditional and derogatory rhyme of Dartford's people: "Dirty Dartford, filthy people, bury their dead above the steeple." The church actually has no steeple; it has a tower featuring a ring of eight bells.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Dartford" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 837.
^ "Dartford - Hanau and Gravelines twinning". Dartford Borough Council. 7 March 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
^ "Dartford historic weather averages in the United Kingdom". Intellicast. Archived from the original on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
^ "House of Knights Templar - The preceptory of Ewell". British History Online. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
^ "Medieval Period: Politics - Wat Tyler and the peasants' revolt". Retrieved 21 September 2012.
^ Dunn, Alastair (2002). The Great Rising of 1381. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus. p. 175.
^ Wall plaque mounted in the reception of the Priory, photographed 25 April 2018.
^ admin, matrix (January 2018). "Heritage and tourism". www.dartford.gov.uk. Retrieved 2018-05-07.
^ "Dartford Technology: Pioneers of the Pharmaceutical industry". Dartford Town Archive. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
^ "The Base 'for business' – Dartford". Thebasedartford.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 November 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
^ "Langley Square". Weston Homes Plc. Weston Homes Plc. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
^ a b c d "The Decline of Traditional Industries". Dartford Town Archive. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
^ a b Bull, Christoph. "Local history". swanscombe.com. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
^ Hills, Melissa (23 January 2014). "Priory Shopping Centre in Dartford goes into receivership". News Shopper. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
^ Hughes, Rebecca (17 February 2014). "Richardson and Sons Butchers on Lowfield Street, Dartford has shut to make way for Tesco". Kent Online. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
^ "Dartford Tesco: Decision to shelve store condemned". BBC News. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
^ "Jagger's family affair at school". BBC News. 30 March 2000. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
^ Woods, Alan (17 May 2013). "Summer events line-up announced for Dartford's Central Park". newsshopper.co.uk. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
^ "Central park". dartford.gov.uk. 28 March 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
^ "Club History". www.dartfordharriersac.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-05-07.
^ "Home". www.becketsportscentre.co.uk. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
^ Black, Nick (1 December 2009). "The extraordinary tale of Dartford, the hospital town". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 102 (12). Summary. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2009.090349. PMC 2789011. PMID 19966128.
^ "Highways Agency - The Dartford - Thurrock River Crossing". Dartfordrivercrossing.co.uk. 13 September 2009. Archived from the original on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
^ Allen, Mark (May 1978). "ERASMUS WILSON AND THE BIRTH OF THE SPECIALTY OF DERMATOLOGY". International Journal of Dermatology. 17 (4): 345–352. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1978.tb06090.x.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dartford.
"Dartford" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (9th ed.). 1878.


This month, we would like to introduce you to Declan Reid. Declan has been at the college since doing the Access to Creative Industries course and has since completed an NC, HNC and is about to finish his HND in Sound Production.
On top of his busy schedule of classes and coursework, he has volunteered to work as an assistant technician within the department, helping full-time technician Chris on daily maintenance and repair work.
What originally made you interested in Sound Production?
My interest in sound production began when I was about 13/14 years old, where I was doing very basic live sound for cabaret acts in a bunch of different bars & restaurants. Although it was very easy work setting the PA up, operating a small 4 channel mixer and balancing one or sometimes two vocals against a backing track, it gave me the chance to see what could be involved in Live Sound.
I then got into music production using a very sketchy version of FL Studio and got to do a weeks work experience in a commercial studio, so I've always been curious about the technical side of making music.
What has been the most fun elements and experiences of doing your HN at NCL?
The most fun parts of this course have definitely been the opportunity to organise my own gig at Nice n Sleazys & engineer acts during the event for sound reinforcement. Along with the studio access available, I've had the chance to work & play with some very talented musicians and bands through different studio based modules, which has allowed the creation of some very cool tracks over the past couple of years.
What kind of tasks have you been involved with as an assistant technician this year?
Tasks cover everything that would be expected from an assistant technican, such as maintaining the studio facilities and ensuring they are kept clean and organised, to preparing equipment for studio bookings. Overall, the main tasks were to ensure that the studios could run smoothly, and I would be one of the first points of contact if there was a specific issue during a session. I also can't forget the cable repairs…so many cable repairs. I've also been able to get a better understanding of the studios, from more in-depth use of the SSL consoles and patchbays for advanced signal routing, to understanding the tie-lines between the studio control & live rooms, headphone amps and patch bay cupboard.
What are some of the knowledge and skills you will take away from this tech post?
The main skills I've gained from the assistant technician post is a huge improvement of my soldering abilities – a key skill to have, no matter what field of sound production is involved. I've also seen a big increase in my understanding of fault-finding and troubleshooting within studio environments, which has allowed me to create a mental checklist of potential issues that are commonly encountered, both within the college facilities and in outside locations. Being able to properly diagnose problems effectively & efficiently allows me to worry less about something going wrong mid-session, and focus on ensuring the project I am working on goes as smoothly as possible.
What are you looking to do and achieve in the future after completing your HND?
As for the future, I am excited for University to progress my skills further and expand into other areas of sound production that aren't focused upon during the HN courses. I also have a huge interest in electronics currently that I'm looking to develop further. Once the HND course is finished, I'll be finalising the tracking stage of my bands debut album before spending a very intense month mixing & mastering the tracks before doing lots of promotion through a series of gigs to build excitement and interest.
I hope to continue working & creating new exciting music in the future as well and I certainly have plans of carving a spot in the list of greats in the industry, driven by my passion to succeed. With the skills I've gained throughout my 3 & a half years studying at New College Lanarkshire, along with the opportunity to work as an assistant technician, I am ready to tackle the Creative Industry!


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text:
Antebellum: Before the war
Interviewee: Harriet Smith (a former slave) Interviewer: John Henry Faulk JHF
Standard 8-4.1 Explain the importance of agriculture in antebellum South Carolina, including the plantation system and the impact of the cotton gin on all social classes.
Subsistence farm: Grows a variety of plants for a small group of people (family) to live off of.
Cotton Gin: A machine to take the seeds out of the cotton plant
Westward Expansion:
Self-containing Communities
Master: What slaves would call the owner of the plantation
Mistress: What slaves would call the owner of the plantations wife
Big House: What slaves called the Masters house
Overseers: A man hired on by the Master of a plantation to oversee the work of the slaves
Patrollers: Men who would patrol the roads in search of run away slaves
Planter Elite: Southern class
During colonial times, agriculture was the basis of society in South Carolina. The headright method and the availability of slave labor contributed to the establishment of large plantations. By 1860, South Carolina had the highest percentage of slaveholders in the nation. It is important to note that most South Carolinians lived on family or subsistence farms. Most did not own slaves. The majority of slave owners in South Carolina owned only one or two slaves and often worked beside their slaves in the fields. Few slave owners owned large plantations. However, the economic, social, and political systems in South Carolina were based on the institution of slavery.
In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin and South Carolina farmers had a new cash crop. As a result they planted more cotton to increase profits and became even more dependent on slave labor. Now cotton could be planted in the Upcountry and soon the upcountry farmers increased their ownership of slaves. As a result, the elites of the Lowcountry were less fearful of loss of political power to the Upcountry. Since the Regulator Movement (8-1.6), the Upcountry had wanted equal representation in the legislature. In 1810, voting became equal. An amendment to the Constitution gave one vote where one lived to "every free white man of 21." No longer did a voter have to own property. Nor could a person vote in as many districts as he owned land. South Carolina was the first state to give the vote to all white males over the age of twenty-one. The cotton gin had impacted the lives of slaves and the political rights of white South Carolinians.
Although slave importation (international slave trade) was outlawed in 1808, the slave population continued to grow in antebellum South Carolina because of cotton. With ready markets in the textile mills of the North and in England, planters sold cotton at good prices and both southern planters and northern mill owners acquired great wealth either directly or indirectly due to slave labor. Although planting cotton eventually wore out the soil, planters were hesitant to find new crops and instead moved to new lands. The need for new lands played into southern arguments for the westward expansion of slavery.
Plantation life required self-sustaining communities and depended on the institution of slavery for the production of goods and services needed to support plantations. Slaves did the work in the fields and in the plantation houses. They cleared the land, planted, cultivated, harvested and processed the crop, working from dawn to dusk six days a week. Women and children worked in the fields alongside the men under the supervision of a driver or an overseer. Slaves also had a diverse range of skills and might be hired out by the master who would collect the slave's wages. Other slaves worked in the owners' homes, cooking, cleaning, doing laundry and raising the owners' children. Since slave owners had a large financial investment in slaves, they were concerned about their property and therefore some treated their slaves comparatively well, although others were brutal. Although the treatment of slaves varied from one owner to another, slaves were consistently denied their freedom and forced to work long hours. Slaves had little time to tend to their own families or to the plots that owners might allow them to cultivate for their own food. They were provided with a minimum of food, clothing, and shelter. Since the law did not recognize slave marriages, families were often separated through sale because of changes in the slave owner's family or finances. The law also forbade teaching a slave to read and write.
Slaves lived in small cabins with dirt floors not far from the plantation owner's home (the Big House) so they could remain under the watchful eye of the master. Slaves were constantly monitored to ensure that they did not run away. If they left the plantation, they had to carry a pass. Patrollers roamed the roads on constant watch for escaping slaves. Runaways were pursued and punished harshly when they were captured. Although there were a few slave revolts, the great majority of slaves were forced to confine their protests to work slow downs, surreptitious destruction of the master's property, and feigned illnesses. Although slaves were often separated from family members through sale, they created extended family ties and found some solace in religion. African Americans converted to Christianity and attended the white controlled church where they heard the preacher tell them that they should be content with their place in the world. However, in secret prayer meetings and in their spirituals, they placed a strong emphasis on freedom.
The Plantation System dominated South Carolina society and politics. The strict class system in South Carolina was based on slavery. The planter elite enjoyed great wealth, social position and political influence as a result of their dependence on slave labor. But plantation life for the slave owners was also hard work. Most goods were produced on the plantation and both the master and the mistress had responsibilities for making the plantation work. Sometimes overseers would be hired but all business decisions including the marketing of the crops and the managing of the slave population was the responsibility of the master. The mistress oversaw the running of the house and sometimes cared for slaves when they were sick. Such actions led southerners to justify slavery as a 'positive good' and claim that southern slaves were bettered cared for than factory workers in the North. These arguments contributed to the growing sectionalism that divided the nation.
1.What was the basis of society in Antebellum South Carolina?
2. Where did most South Carolinians live and how many slaves did they own?
3. What were the economic, social, and political systems based on?
4. What was the result of the cotton gin?
5. Describe the life of a slave.
6. How did Southerners justify slavery?
Primary Reading #1
Fearing that black literacy would prove a threat to the slave system -- which relied on slaves' dependence on masters -- whites in many colonies instituted laws forbidding slaves to learn to read or write and making it a crime for others to teach them.
Excerpt from South Carolina Act of 1740
Whereas, the having slaves taught to write, or suffering them to be employed in writing, may be attended with great inconveniences; Be it enacted, that all and every person and persons whatsoever, who shall hereafter teach or cause any slave or slaves to be taught to write, or shall use or employ any slave as a scribe, in any manner of writing whatsoever, hereafter taught to write, every such person or persons shall, for every such offense, forfeit the sum of one hundred pounds, current money.
Why did they not want to teach slaves to read or write?
What was the penalty for teaching a slave to read or write?
Interviewee: Harriet Smith (a former slave)
Interviewer: John Henry Faulk
JHF: Well, well, while you all were slaves did they teach you to read and write?
HS: Nuh huh.
JHF: Did you all go to school any?
HS: Nuh huh. Uh, uh, they didn't know nothing about reading and writing. All that I knowed they teach you is mind your master and your mistress.
JHF: They sure didn't teach you any reading and writing?
HS: No, they didn't. No. When I picked cotton, I remember then picking cotton.
Do you think Harriet Smith would have wanted an education? Why /Why not?
Workbook Pages:
Pg 131-132 Using Primary Sources
Pg. 135 All Saints Parish, Georgetown
Directory: UserFiles -> Servers -> Server 2876715 -> File -> 8th%20Grade -> Thomas
Thomas -> Students must understand that not all South Carolinians, indeed not all American colonists, agreed that the colonies should be independent from Great Britain
great majority
highest percentage
slave population
plantation system
slave owners
textile mills

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


On the surface, Waxwork releasing the soundtrack to Danny McBride's Vice Principals doesn't make a whole lot of sense. The HBO series ended back in 2017, its score is composed by a relative unknown, and it's by no means a horror soundtrack — the bread and butter of Waxwork. But on record, it becomes quickly apparent why we're now getting hit up with a deluxe vinyl release, which comes as a sprawling double-LP set, no less.
Made up of 64 tracks and a whopping 85 minutes, the Vice Principals Seasons 1 & 2 Original Soundtrack is a beast, both physically and musically. While it's packaged as a seriously hefty gatefold set —complete with added inserts, some eye-popping art and even a temporary tattoo — the music within is the real draw.
Composed by Eastbound & Down soundtracker Joseph Stephens, the score for Vice Principals offers a powerful listening experience — something that was also apparent while watching the show itself. As co-creator/star Danny McBride (Vice Principal Neal Gamby) and co-star Walton Goggins (Co-Vice Principal Lee Russell) took the ambitions of becoming a head principal to new heights — and the darkest depths — the music was front and centre, with '80s synth-driven electronics hitting hard alongside scenes of arson, blackmail, revenge and even attempted murder.
Made in the lead-up to McBride's Halloween film with David Gordon Green (who also directed much of Vice Principals), it's no surprise that Stephens offered some very John Carpenter-like sounds for the show. But as the resulting soundtrack proves, Stephens has a real knack for playing with the tried-and-true Carpenter formula, delivering simple though melodically hooky synth passages that grab hold almost effortlessly. There's also a very real feeling of Risky Business-era Tangerine Dream, with "Love on a Real Train" vibes aplenty — always a good thing.
But along with all the ear-grabbing synth jams, Stephens works in a lot of extra instrumental elements. In addition to some pep rally-styled tracks made with the help of the Cary High School Drum Line, he delivers everything from spaghetti western guitar lines, kitchen-sink percussion exercises, playful Danny Elfman-like orchestral bits and a handful of stunningly beautiful solo piano pieces.
An unfortunate downside to having 64 tracks and yet only two records, however, is that most of the pieces hover around the one-minute mark. As a consequence, many of the tracks feel they are never given the proper time to fully develop, often fading away before any sort of real "song" can take shape. But with this being a hard truth with many TV series soundtracks, it's one that can be forgiven.


The Duffield Bed Frame offers a contemporary look that is sure to be welcomed into every bedroom interior. Upholstered in a charming charcoal linen fabric with duck egg blue fabric buttoned detailing and supported on light wooden legs - this bed frame is crafted to the highest quality ensuring both style and durability are provided.
The Duffield Charcoal Bed Frame is available in 2 sizes; double (4ft 6) and king size (5ft). Please note mattresses and bed linen are not included.


Since November 1998, the Standing Committee on Copyright Related Rights of the World Intellectual Property Organization has been drafting a new Treaty on the Protection of Broadcasting Organizations that would provide copyright-like protection to broadcasting entities in signatory countries. As currently drafted, it would introduce a new layer of intellectual property rights that would be separate from, and in addition to, the rights of copyright holders. If implemented in the United States, the Treaty would represent a substantial shift from the norms and traditions of U.S. copyright law. This note will analyze how the Treaty might negatively impact the public's use of and access to information. Specifically, the Treaty could limit the amount of work available in the public domain, obstruct the public's ability to use works under the fair use doctrine or with personal consumer technology, and restrict the flow of information on the Internet. This note will conclude with several suggestions that may alleviate some of these concerns.
Lisa Mak, Signaling New Barriers: Implications of the WIPO Broadcasting Treaty for Public use of Information, 30 Hastings Comm. & Ent.L.J. 533 (2008).


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Q: Essbase Hyperion Add data inside Rule Files Bulk more than 100 rows I already have a rule file (ex. Rule MM01), and I need to add more data rows in rule MM01 to one dimension like below.
For example I want to add more 100 rows of data in column "Replace" and column "With"

Do I have to add 100 rows one by one? Input manually? Or anything else to add bulk data into a rule file?

A: Nope, you just have to type them in.
If new items keep on popping-up in your source data, you might consider one of the following:

*

*put your source text file into a SQL table and make your load rule read from the table (or even better, try to directly load from the tables that generated the text file)

*(assuming you have the data load automated via MaxL) add a powershell script that does the rename before you load the data

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This combo photo shows Qatari Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (R) and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud.
Qatar has decided to return its ambassador to Iran and restore full diplomatic relations with Tehran. Doha recalled its envoy to Tehran 20 month ago following the lead of Saudi Arabia and its allies.
Qatar's decision to mend ties with Iran comes amid the backdrop of a diplomatic standoff between Doha and other Persian Gulf Arab states.
Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt cut all diplomatic relations with Qatar in June. They accuse Doha of supporting terrorism.
But what do major regional and international media think about Qatar's latest move?


The emissions from deep-seated fires in domestic waste have been investigated. The gas phase yields of PAH, PCDD/F, PCB, HCB, particles, and metals associated to the particulate matter were analysed during a series of simulated deep-seated fires. The method of extinguishment was varied and in cases where water was used for extinguishment, the runoff water was analysed for PAH, PCDD/F, PCB, hexachlorobenzene, and metals. In total six tests were performed. In four of the tests, samples of the fire residue were analysed for PCDD/F, PCBs, and chlorobenzenes.


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Warner Music Group – Commercial Manager (UK)
Company: WARNER MUSIC GROUP
Closing Date: March 5, 2021
With its broad and diverse roster of new stars and legendary artists, Warner Music Group is home to a collection of the best-known record labels in the music industry including Asylum, Atlantic, East West, Elektra, FFRR, Fueled by Ramen, Nonesuch, Parlophone, Rhino, Roadrunner, Sire, Warner Bros., Warner Classics and Warner/Chappell Music, one of the world's leading music publishers with a catalogue of more than one million copyrights worldwide.
For more than four decades, WMG has been an industry-leading force in providing a world-class array of services designed to help artists and labels grow their careers and their businesses. Artist & Label Services is the umbrella for WEA (Warner-Elektra-Atlantic) – the pioneering WEA distribution and marketing network – and Alternative Distribution Alliance (ADA) – the ground-breaking global distribution company for independent artists and labels.
A little bit about our team:
As a central source within WMG, the UK & EU Commercial team work directly with all Warner Music labels and all digital/physical partners to drive the optimum results for all single and album releases.
Assist the Commercial Director
Distribute clear and concise release information and roll out plans both internally and externally (UK and Europe)
Help to communicate Global Priority Scheme (GPS) results and updates
Ensure that account specific marketing criteria are implemented
Train and educate key personnel around the business in order to maintain consistent use of account Best Practice
Share news of updated functionality or features at the account around the business
Help our European markets to onboard new Account Managers
Work closely with the entire Commercial Team to ensure that release roll out plans are in line with account terms criteria
Communicate on new territory launch's and share findings from existing markets
Attend multi-territory calls and meetings
Assist with communications around timed and confidential releases
Work closely with our digital operations team on the set up of products
Share and develop account specific reports using both internal and external resources
Strive to streamline project information flow across Europe
Populate partner facing pitch and new release documents with relevant information
Monitor playlist positioning, streaming numbers, patterns and trends
Prepare relevant reports and materials for internal and external meetings
Deliver tasks ahead of deadline
Be innovative and forward thinking, continually exploring new working methods and ideas
Provide cover for the Commercial Director when needed
Continually seek to improve and develop industry knowledge
Skills/Experience Required:
An understanding of the music industry
Experience is using content management systems associated with platforms such as YouTube and Facebook
Good presentation skills
An ability to identify and exploit new opportunities within the marketplace
Strong organisation skills and attention to detail
Here at Warner Music Group we're all about our people. We are one global company made up exclusively of knowledgeable, passionate, and creative people.
It is the mission of every member of the WMG team around the world to create a nurturing environment for artists, songwriters, and the people behind the music – at every stage of their career. We strive to set WMG apart by embracing a philosophy of innovation – it's part of our company's DNA.
Consider a career at WMG and be a part of one of the most influential forces in culture today.
Love this job and want to apply?
Click the "Apply" link at the top of the page, or apply directly with your LinkedIn. Applying with LinkedIn will import all of the information you put in your profile, but will still allow you to upload a resume and cover letter.
Don't be discouraged if you don't hear from us right away. We're taking our time to review all resumes, and to find the best people for WMG.
Thanks for your interest in working for WMG. We love it here, and think you will, too.
We are an equal opportunity employer that is committed to inclusion and diversity and will not discriminate against any applicant or employee on the basis of age, sex, sexual orientation, race, color, creed, religion, ethnicity, national origin, alienage or citizenship, disability, marital status, familial status, military or veteran status, or any other legal recognized protected basis under federal, state or local laws, regulations or ordinances.
We are committed to working with and providing reasonable accommodations to individuals with disabilities. If you need a reasonable accommodation because of a disability for any part of the application or employment process, please send an e-mail to [email protected] and let us know the nature of your request and your contact information.
Copyright © 2021 Warner Music Inc.
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The ausTIN CANs, Explorer Post 2158, were founded in 2006 at Anderson High School in Austin, Texas. Since being recognized with the Rookie All-Star Award at the 2007 Lone Star Regional, we've worked to transform our culture and inspire the next generation of innovators and engineers. The following year ausTIN CANs 2158 joined VEX Robotics Competition. Now in our 13th year as a team, we are celebrating a new era of innovation and fun.


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Home Features Digital Exhibitions Digital Gallery: Victoria Gallery & Museum: Here or Roundabout: Local scenes by...
Digital Gallery: Victoria Gallery & Museum: Here or Roundabout: Local scenes by Allan P. Tankard
Here or Roundabout: Local scenes by Allan P. Tankard
Location: Gallery 4, first floor
This exhibition of watercolour paintings by Allan Tankard show locations around the University of Liverpool campus in the post-war years. Many feature our Victoria Building or are views from it.
Artist, Allan Peel Tankard (1897 – 1964), was a teacher at Liverpool College of Art with a specialism in architectural illustration. He was a distinctive character standing 6 feet 4 inches tall with round glasses, a neat moustache and a very deep voice.
Tankard joined Liverpool Corporation's Recording Merseyside project in 1945. The bombing raids Liverpool endured during the war cost thousands of lives and destroyed countless buildings. To raise spirits and celebrate its architectural heritage, artists were invited to capture views of the region resulting in a series of exhibitions at the Bluecoat Chambers.
In 1947 The Liverpolitan magazine wrote that in Tankard the people of Liverpool had "… discovered a man fully equipped to record their city in a way that they could recognise it…"
Exhibition information:
This exhibition is available to view in 360 on YouTube, click below:
360 Exhibition Video
These watercolour paintings show locations around the University of Liverpool campus in the post-war years. They are all the work of Allan Peel Tankard (1897 – 1964), a teacher at Liverpool College of Art. Many of the paintings were commissioned to illustrate a book celebrating the University's Golden Jubilee in 1953.
Tankard's ability to depict local buildings in sharp detail became known through an earlier project called Recording Merseyside, organised by Liverpool Corporation in 1945. It culminated in a series of exhibitions at Bluecoat Chambers alongside other artists. But it was Tankard's paintings that stood out.
In 1964 the Liverpool Daily Post said of Tankard that "in the last twenty-five years he has immortalised the changing face of Liverpool".
With thanks to Martin Strauss for his historical research for this project.
Sketch of the Victoria Building from the Guild of Students, 1946
(watercolour and pencil)
The artist faces the Victoria Building from Mount Pleasant. To the left is a curved wall with a gate, leading to what had been part of an enormous workhouse complex which served the basic needs of the city's poor. In 1946 the University of Liverpool leased the surviving buildings to house its Botany, Metallurgy and Civil Engineering Departments.
To the right is the decorative Reilly Building which opened in 1911 and now houses the Guild of Students. It is named after its architect, Charles Reilly, who was Professor of Architecture at the University.
FA. 3177 Gift of Mrs Glenys Whitehead in 1999
Victoria Clock Tower and Brownlow Hill, 1950
(watercolour, gouache and pencil)
The Victoria Building was the first purpose-built construction for what is now the University of Liverpool. It housed teaching spaces, offices, student common rooms and the main library. It opened in 1892 and the striking red terracotta cladding gave rise to the term 'red brick university'. Named after Queen Victoria, the building's tower bears an inscription celebrating her Golden Jubilee of 1887.
The building's architect was Liverpool-born Alfred Waterhouse who favoured an opulent Gothic style. His other well-known buildings include the Natural History Museum in Kensington, Manchester Town Hall and Manchester University and Museum.
FA. 306 Purchased c. 1950.
East Side of Abercromby Square, 1952
(watercolour, pencil and charcoal)
This elegant Georgian square sits at the heart of the University of Liverpool campus. It is named after General Sir Ralph Abercrombie who came to prominence during the Napoleonic Wars. The ground was originally marshland but was drained, allowing building to begin in 1816. Construction was largely completed by 1846 and mostly comprised of prestigious housing.
St Catherine's Anglican Church dominates this view of the square. Designed by John Foster Jnr in the imposing Greek Revival style, it was consecrated in 1831. The church suffered extensive bomb damage during the war and was abandoned. It was eventually demolished in the 1960s along with the adjacent buildings. Senate House, with the Sydney Jones Library, now stands on the site.
FA. 308 Commissioned in 1952
The Old School of Medicine, 1952
(watercolour, wash, charcoal and pencil)
This Neo-classical stone building dates from 1844 and was constructed to house the Medical School and its 25 students. It was built on Dover Street, in the grounds of the psychiatric hospital, or 'lunatic asylum' as it was commonly known. The left wing of the building was a later extension added in 1873, when the Medical School had about 80 students.
By the end of the war the School of Medicine needed to expand again. Plans began for a new building on Ashton Street and the move was made in 1957. The old building was mostly demolished except for a small section with the original lecture theatre. It is now part of the Veterinary Science Department.
The Quadrangle, 1958
(watercolour, black chalk, wash and pencil)
Standing in The Quadrangle, the artist shows the rear facade of the Victoria Building with the Ashton Building on the left. The green space known as 'The Quad' was developed between 1887 and 1914 to echo the college quadrangles of Oxford and Cambridge Universities. Other buildings round the perimeter include the Walker Engineering building (1887), the Thompson Yates building (1895) and the George Holt building (1904).
The Quad was re-designed with seating and pleached beech trees in 2012 to commemorate the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. There is an excellent view of it from the Tate Hall windows. It is a magnet for students and staff during warm, sunny lunchtimes.
FA. 1086 Gifted by the artist in 1958
The New Arts Entrance, 1952
(watercolour, wash, ink and pencil)
This ornate archway leads from The Quadrangle on to Ashton Street to face the Harold Cohen library. It forms part of the Ashton Building.
Although hundreds of people walk through the archway every day, not many look up to see the pair of sphinxes perched on top. Mythical creatures with a human head and a lion's body, they appear in several classical civilizations including ancient Egypt where they usually represent protection from evil. These sphinxes are by Scottish sculptor William Birnie Rhind.
Student's Union and Railway Cutting from the Victoria Building, 1952
The artist stood on the roof of this building, looking east, to capture this view. Dominating it is the submerged cutting for the rail-line carrying passengers from Lime Street to Edge Hill and beyond. The first two cuttings were covered over in the 1960s.
To the right stands the Guild of Students building dating from 1911. It is now named after Charles Reilly who designed it and was Professor of Architecture for 30 years. Its eclectic style contrasts with the Victoria Building's gothic architecture which Reilly loathed.
For some reason, Tankard called this painting 'Drapers' after a shop to the left of the composition.
Metropolitan Cathedral Precinct, 1952
Looking west from the roof of this building, the artist captures early stages of the Metropolitan Cathedral development. Previously, it had been the 9-acre site of the West Derby Union Workhouse, most of which was demolished in 1928. The Catholic Diocese then bought the plot and engaged Sir Edward Lutyens to design a new Cathedral. Tankard shows the Crypt which was completed before plans changed several times. Today's striking Modernist building by Sir Frederick Gibberd was finally completed in 1967.
In the foreground are some remaining Workhouse buildings occupied by the University of Liverpool since 1946. The University's Foundation Building now stands on the site along with some busy food and retail outlets.
Tate Hall, 1952
Tate Hall on the second floor of this building was constructed as the University's main library. It is named after Sir Henry Tate, sugar merchant and philanthropist, who gave £20,000 towards it.
When the Harold Cohen Library opened across the road in 1938, all books were removed from Tate Hall and its mezzanine floor taken out. Thick beams had crossed the ceiling but these were cut out, although in 1953 metal ties were put in to link the beam ends together again.
In Tankard's day portraits of University luminaries lined the walls and an antique tapestry hung at the far end. The otherwise empty space was then used for celebratory functions or for sitting examinations.
Staff House, 1952
Staff House stands at 4, Abercromby Square on the west side. It is part of a terrace of late-Georgian buildings dating from the 1820s, with an iron balcony over a distinctive Doric porch. This house, like others on the square, was originally occupied by the families of Liverpool's wealthy merchants. By the end of the 1800s, as the University developed, houses on the square were increasingly occupied by academic staff. Number 4 was the home of Professor Alfred Dale, the Vice-Chancellor.
The University of Liverpool officially took over the premises in 1948 and Staff House expanded to incorporate neighbouring properties. Today, the block is home to several of the University of Liverpool teaching departments.
Victoria Gallery & Museum
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Only have as many rules as you can hold in one hand!
The children at Walton on Trent (CE) C Primary and Nursery School are polite, kind, helpful and hardworking.
We take responsibility for each other, our school and our learning. We have just 5 Take Care Rules .
Take Care for the Future – Make the most of our learning every day so that we are ready for tomorrow, reduce, re-use and recycle!


HomeWhy Has My Endowment Balance Gone Down?
Often, when we discuss endowment balances, we are discussing details of how they are increasing. Endowment balances grow through generous donations, fundraisers, our Matching Program and positive market earnings. However, sometimes endowment balances do decrease. There are three reasons your MidwayUSA Foundation endowment balance may decrease.
You received a cash grant. Cash grants are paid directly from your endowment balance, at the team, agency, and donor designated level.
Market performance results in a loss. Our endowments are invested in a diversified portfolio that includes the stock market. As we all know, the stock market has ups and downs. Just like your 401K, our endowments can experience gains AND losses.
Foundation Forever Endowment allocation. Our Forever Endowment ensures we'll be here for years and years to come and we remove just a quarter of a percent (.25%) each quarter. You can read more about the Foundation Forever Endowment here.
The good news is that many of our teams, nearly 900 to be exact, and some of our agency and donor designated endowments will be receiving cash grants soon. This is cash put directly in the hands of team leaders and program directors that can be used to cover the many expenses youth shooting programs incur. Unfortunately, the bad news is that the fourth quarter of 2018 was a poor one for the stock market and we experienced a loss that resulted in a decrease across all endowment balances. Endowments now reflect that loss, and if you visit your designated page on our website, you'll see that your endowment has decreased. Back to the good news. We are now 6 weeks into 2019 and the stock market has gone up over 6%! We have a strong Chief Investment Officer in Goldman Sachs and a Board of Directors very much involved in making sure they are putting our endowments in the best possible position. As always, if you have questions about your endowment and would like a statement that shows details of your balance, you can request that by emailing our finance department: finance@midwayusafoundation.org.
As always, we offer many ways to assist you in growing your endowment to help offset times when we may experience a loss. There are free fundraising products to use for your community fundraisers, which can also offer your team instant cash for current expenses. Online donations are another great option! Your program can receive donations right through our website. And finally, our unique matching program increases every donation.


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Arizona Heritage Alliance
Meet Our 2019 Officers
Information & Downloads
Studies and Resources
Preservation Resources on the Web: Online Resources for Historic and Cultural Resource Preservation
Western States Conservation Scoreboard – October 2017 – Arizona ranked second lowest among eight Western States
Restoring Arizona's Heritage Fund: 2013 Governor's Natural Resources Review Council
Historic Preservation Grants (1991 to 2006)
Arizona Heritage Fund Grant Investments, 1991 to 2007, by County and City/Town
Economic Impact of Arizona State Parks Heritage Fund
The Economics of Arizona's Natural Assets
Why Parks & Open Space Matter – What You Can Do
"The Price of Stewardship: The Future of Arizona State Parks"
Economic Impact Studies
Arizona Nonprofits: Economic Power, Positive Impact
Policies from A-Z for a Livable and Competitive State
AZ Heritage Fund Grant Project Totals by County (1991-2008)
Your Support Is Needed
Joe Meehan
Arizona state parks plug away without tax funds
March 18, 2014 December 7, 2014 by Arizona Heritage Alliance
[Source: Mary Jo Pitzel, Arizona Republic] – There's no money to construct boat ramps at Lake Havasu State Park or fix a leaky roof at Kartchner Caverns' visitor center.
Nor are all Arizona state parks open year-round, or even all week.
And any thought of expansion is a pipe dream, because the parks have gone five years and counting without any money from the state's general fund.
But, really, things are OK with state parks. So says the agency director, as well as friends and supporters of the 31-property system, who rallied to help keep parks open in the face of apparently irreversible budget cuts.
Kept afloat by partnerships, fee increases and volunteer labor, state parks are a bit like the tattered flag that flaps over a hard-fought battleground. They're still there. But questions persist about how long the alliances that sustain them will last.
"The business end of Arizona State Parks is very challenging," said parks director Bryan Martyn. Without general-fund support, which was cut in 2009, it's hard to predict how much money the system will have from year to year, he said.
For now, partnerships have worked well, said Bill Meek, president of the Arizona State Parks Foundation. But he wonders how long that will last.
"It's debatable how long some of these partnerships will go," he said. "Most are local governments, which have their own (budget) issues."
Some of these partners question why local government is picking up the tab for a state operation, Meek added.
In Flagstaff, a partnership knitted together under the threat of shuttering a historic Arts and Crafts-era home has kept the Riordan Mansion State Historic Park open. The Arizona Historical Society took over operation of the 13,000-square-foot mansion, with assistance from the Riordan Action Network, a network of community supporters.
"State Parks (crews) were coming up here, and they were measuring all the windows for plywood," said park manager Joe Meehan, recalling the days when the park teetered on the brink of closure. If the house is closed for a year, it reverts to the Riordan family, according to a stipulation written into the deed when the house was turned over to the state in 1986.
Supporters convened community meetings, and out of that grew the action network and a partnership with the historical society.
Meehan, a curator at the nearby Pioneer Museum in Flagstaff, split his time and moved to the mansion to take over as park manager.
"This park is very special to the community," he said. "It is a showpiece, and it is a piece of art."
It also is a big piece of Flagstaff history, built at the turn of the 20th century by the two brothers who ran an area lumber mill. Tim and Michael Riordan, along with their spouses, built two mirror-image houses, connected by a large common area they called "the cabin." The sprawling mansion was nicknamed the "ultimate duplex," boasting 40 rooms.
The mansion, one of several historic sites in the state parks' portfolio, fit well with the historical society's mission, said Bill Peterson, the historical society's northern-division director.
The society signed a three-year agreement to run the mansion, saving it from closure at the height of the state's deep budget cuts. The deal has been renewed for another three years.
Gwen Groth helped found the Riordan Action Network in 2009, propelled by her love of history and the mansion's role in Flagstaff's story.
The network counts a few hundred members, some even stretching to the Riordans' home country of Ireland, but it has fallen to a small corps of locals to raise the money that has helped the mansion keep its doors open.
To date, the network has raised $70,000. In the early days, it paid for roof replacement and other maintenance costs.
But Groth said it's been nearly a year since the group has had to contribute operating expenses, since the park was doing well on fees, concession proceeds and support from the historical society.
That's freed up money for special projects, like supplies for the mansion's many gardens and lighting for the courtyard, the site of weddings and other special events.
Between the network support and the partnership with the historical society, Riordan Mansion is faring well. Admission fees and collections from other events are up. The park got a big boost last fall when the federal government's budget stalemate closed Grand Canyon National Park. Tourists were looking for alternatives, and Riordan was an easy option, Meehan said.
But is this arrangement strong enough to keep the park running in the long run?
"It's tough," Meehan said. "But it's working right now. It's worked for three years."
That sense of uncertainty is common among other parks supporters.
Martyn said the parks have benefited from a $1 million appropriation that lawmakers negotiated in this year's budget. A bill pushed by Sens. Sen. Steve Pierce, R-Prescott, and Steve Farley, D-Tucson, took a portion of the interest earned on the state's "rainy-day fund" and split it evenly between the parks and the Commission on the Arts.
Martyn said the money allowed the agency to bring electricity to campgrounds at three parks, making them more attractive to visitors with recreational vehicles and campers.
"That $1 million will turn into $5 million over the next five years," Martyn said, counting on an uptick from visitors with RVs.
However, there are no indications the appropriation will continue next year. And a reliable source of parks funding — money from boat-registration fees — could be redirected to county governments for lake improvements if House Bill 2149 becomes law.
Some of the partnerships are dialing back their financial contributions. For example, the Hopi Tribe used to provide $175,000 a year to Homolovi State Park, which is on the reservation. It's now $50,000, Martyn said.
For the past three years, Yavapai County contributed $90,000 a year to help support the five state parks within its boundaries. Now, it's nothing.
"They don't have the money," Martyn said.
As the support ebbs, the needs pile up.
The parks have $4 million in capital needs. Projects on the waiting list range from running a water line from Benson to Kartchner Caverns State Park to building gallows for Tombstone Courthouse State Historic Park.
At the Parks Foundation, Meek takes some comfort from the business plans that have been developed for each of the parks. They are designed to help the parks maximize their revenue and make them self-sustaining.
He believes parks need to forget help from lawmakers "as long as the Republicans are running the Legislature."
The parks' long list of needs makes self-sufficiency a difficult goal.
"They have a whole bunch of capital needs just waiting to pounce on them," Meek said. "They're one circumstance from being shut down.
"What happens when the wastewater system at Buckskin (Mountain State Park) breaks and starts spewing into the Colorado River?"
Categories Arizona State Budget, Arizona State Parks Foundation, Budget, State ParksTags Arizona Commision on the Arts, Bill Meek, Bill Peterson, Bryan Martyn, Buckskin State Park State Park, Grand Canyon National Park, Gwen Groth, Homolovi Ruins State Park, Hopi Tribe, Joe Meehan, Kartchner Caverns, Lake Havasu State Park, Mary Jo Pitzel, Pioneer Museum of Flagstaff, Riordan Action Network, Riordan Mansion State Historic Park, Steve Farley, Steve Pierce, Tim and Michael Riordan, Tombstone Courthouse State Historic ParkLeave a comment
Arizona Heritage Alliance P.O. Box 16282, Phoenix, AZ 85011-6282 (P) 602-528-7500 mail@azheritage.org
Join the Alliance or Make a Donation Here! Thank you for your support!
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package com.alibaba.otter.canal.sink;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import org.apache.commons.lang.math.RandomUtils;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.Entry;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.Header;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.sink.entry.group.GroupEventSink;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.sink.stub.DummyEventStore;

public class GroupEventSinkTest {

    private final InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 3306);

    @Test
    public void testGroupTwo() {
        final DummyEventStore eventStore = new DummyEventStore();
        final GroupEventSink eventSink = new GroupEventSink(3);
        eventSink.setFilterTransactionEntry(true);
        eventSink.setEventStore(eventStore);
        eventSink.start();

        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
        executor.submit(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                try {
                    eventSink.sink(Arrays.asList(buildEntry("1", 1L + i, 1L + i)), address, "ljhtest1");
                    Thread.sleep(50L + RandomUtils.nextInt(50));
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                try {
                    eventSink.sink(Arrays.asList(buildEntry("1", 1L + i, 30L + i)), address, "ljhtest1");
                    Thread.sleep(50L + RandomUtils.nextInt(50));
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            System.out.println("one sink finished!");
            latch.countDown();
        });

        executor.submit(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                try {
                    eventSink.sink(Arrays.asList(buildEntry("1", 1L + i, 10L + i)), address, "ljhtest2");
                    Thread.sleep(50L + RandomUtils.nextInt(50));
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                try {
                    eventSink.sink(Arrays.asList(buildEntry("1", 1L + i, 40L + i)), address, "ljhtest2");
                    Thread.sleep(50L + RandomUtils.nextInt(50));
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("tow sink finished!");
            latch.countDown();
        });

        executor.submit(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                try {
                    eventSink.sink(Arrays.asList(buildEntry("1", 1L + i, 30L + i)), address, "ljhtest3");
                    Thread.sleep(50L + RandomUtils.nextInt(50));
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("tow sink finished!");
            latch.countDown();
        });

        try {
            latch.await();
            Thread.sleep(200L);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }

        eventSink.stop();
        executor.shutdownNow();
    }

    private static Entry buildEntry(String binlogFile, long offset, long timestamp) {
        Header.Builder headerBuilder = Header.newBuilder();
        headerBuilder.setLogfileName(binlogFile);
        headerBuilder.setLogfileOffset(offset);
        headerBuilder.setExecuteTime(timestamp);
        Entry.Builder entryBuilder = Entry.newBuilder();
        entryBuilder.setHeader(headerBuilder.build());
        return entryBuilder.build();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
export default class Textarea {
  static addInputListener(element) {
    element.addEventListener('input', () => {
      Textarea.resizeTextarea(element);
    });
  }

  static resizeTextarea(element) {
    element.style.height = '';
    element.style.height = `${element.scrollHeight}px`;
  }
}


text:
Politics|U.S. Carried Out Cyberattacks on Iran
The online attacks occurred the same day President Trump called off a strike on Iranian targets like radar and missile batteries.CreditCreditErin Schaff/The New York Times
By Julian E. Barnes and Thomas Gibbons-Neff
WASHINGTON — United States Cyber Command on Thursday conducted online attacks against an Iranian intelligence group that American officials believe helped plan the attacks against oil tankers in recent weeks, according to people briefed on the operation.
The intrusion occurred the same day President Trump called off a strike on Iranian targets like radar and missile batteries. But the online operation was allowed to go forward because it was intended to be below the threshold of armed conflict — using the same shadow tactics that Iran has deployed.
The online attacks, which had been planned for several weeks, were ultimately meant to be a direct response to both the tanker attacks this month and the downing of an American drone this week, according to the people briefed on the operations.
[Update: White House is pressing for additional options, including in cyberspace, to deter Iranian attacks.]
Multiple computer systems were targeted, according to people briefed on the operations, including those believed to have been used by an Iranian intelligence group that helped plan the tanker attacks.
An additional breach, according to one person briefed on the operations, targeted other computer systems that control Iranian missile launches.
Determining the effectiveness of a cyberattack on the missile launch system is particularly difficult. Its effectiveness could be judged only if Iran tried to fire a missile and the launch failed.
The online operation was first reported Friday by Yahoo News. Few details are known, but the breach was meant to take the Iranian intelligence group offline for a time, similar to one that temporarily took down Russia's Internet Research Agency in November during and immediately after the United States' midterm elections.
Military and intelligence officials are trying to devise other operations that would not escalate tensions with Iran but would try to deter further attacks.CreditAbedin Taherkenareh/EPA, via Shutterstock
On Saturday, Christopher C. Krebs, the director of the Department of Homeland Security's Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, issued a warning about Iranian attacks on American industries and government agencies, saying "malicious cyberactivity" was on the rise.
"We will continue to work with our intelligence community and cybersecurity partners to monitor Iranian cyberactivity, share information and take steps to keep America and our allies safe," Mr. Krebs said.
Such intrusions by Iran do more than just steal data and money — they also seek to delete data or take down entire networks. "What might start as an account compromise, where you think you might just lose data, can quickly become a situation where you've lost your whole network," Mr. Krebs warned.
Beyond the online operation, American military and intelligence officials also are trying to devise other operations that would not escalate tensions with Iran but would try to deter further aggressions and prod Tehran to stop, or dial back, its shadow war, according to current and former officials.
The downing of an American drone on Thursday underlined the already tense relations between the countries after Mr. Trump's recent accusations that Iran was to blame for explosions this month that crippled two oil tankers near the vital Strait of Hormuz. Iran has denied that accusation.
Mr. Trump's decision on Thursday to call off military strikes — even as planes were in the air and ships were in position — has given Tehran a chance to try to de-escalate the situation. But if Iran instead targets additional oil tankers or fires missiles at other aircraft, the United States will need to take actions to try to re-establish deterrence, current and former officials said.
Scrambling to extend a reprieve in the Iran crisis on Saturday after President Trump's aborted military strike, Britain, France and other European countries reached out to the Iranians for dialogue and urged restraint on all sides.
Tensions with Europe have grown since May 2018, when Mr. Trump abandoned the 2015 nuclear agreement that had been negotiated by the Obama administration. Although Iran has honored the accord, Mr. Trump has asserted it is temporary and too weak. He has reimposed old sanctions and added new ones, including steps to choke all exports of Iranian oil, the country's main revenue source.
American officials said they believed Iran would hold off from more strikes on tankers or American aircraft. But unless the United States is able to find a way to re-establish deterrence, Iran will most likely resume its attacks in hopes of pressuring Washington to reduce its economic sanctions.
Christopher C. Krebs, the director of the Department of Homeland Security's Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, warned about Iranian intrusions on American industries and government agencies, saying "malicious cyberactivity" was on the rise.CreditAmr Alfiky for The New York Times
Mr. Trump on Saturday renewed his warning to Iran, saying that he did not expect Tehran to strike another drone or initiate another attack, but that American military action remained a possibility.
"We have a tremendously powerful military force in that area," he said. "It's always on the table until we get this solved."
Iran's leaders, who have repeatedly rejected discussions with the Trump administration, have shown no softening in their position.
Punctuating that defiance, state-run news media said on Saturday that the authorities had executed an Iranian military contractor on charges of spying for the C.I.A. No date of the execution was provided for the contractor, identified as Jalal Haji Zavar, nor was the precise nature of the spying accusations.
The episode appears unrelated to the cyberstrike on Thursday. State news media reported that Mr. Zavar's contract with the Defense Ministry had ended in 2010 and that his wife, a co-conspirator, was sentenced to 15 years in prison. While executions are not uncommon in Iran, the announcement of the death penalty for an espionage defendant, just a few days after the downing of the drone, appeared deliberate.
On Monday, Iranian officials claimed they had exposed a large online espionage network run by the C.I.A. But the claim appeared to be a reference to an old operation, when Tehran infiltrated a C.I.A. communications network more than eight years ago.
The effect of Thursday's cyberattack is almost certain to be temporary. Computer networks taken offline can, with work, be restored to regular operations.
Such attacks are most effective when done in coordination with other actions, and at best they will set back — but not eliminate — an adversary's military abilities. The Iranian intelligence operatives will be able to restore their computer systems, just as the Internet Research Agency restored its network after the midterm election operation.
American cyberattacks on North Korea's missile program may have contributed to a series of launch failures. But even if those attacks were successful, Pyongyang eventually restored the ability to test-launch the country's long-range missiles.
Reporting was contributed by David E. Sanger and Eric Schmitt in Washington, Rick Gladstone and Farnaz Fassihi in New York, and Patrick Kingsley in Berlin.
A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 12 of the New York edition with the headline: U.S. Carries Out Cyberattacks on Iran in Response to Provocations. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe
Facing Intensifying Confrontation With Iran, Trump Has Few Appealing Options
They Each Backed Off Strikes: Trump in '19, Obama in '13, Clinton in '98
Trump Says He Was 'Cocked and Loaded' to Strike Iran, but Pulled Back


text:
Q: Autofilter to copy and paste to different sheet based on 2 criterias I'm not really sure how to use Autofilter for this but I am creating a new worksheet and I'm trying to filter another sheet based on two criterias. I then need to copy the values from only 2 of the columns from that worksheet to the new worksheet. This is the code I have so far:
Private Sub Workbook_Open()

Dim ws As Worksheet
Set sheet = Sheets.Add(After:=Sheets(Worksheets.Count))

ActiveSheet.Range("A11").Value = "Projects in Loss:"

ActiveWorkbook.Sheets("Fielding").Activate

ActiveSheet.ShowAllData

ActiveWorkbook.Sheets("Fielding").Activate

ActiveSheet.ShowAllData

Selection.AutoFilter field:=15,
Criteria:=ActiveWorkbook.Sheets(Target).Range("A3").Value, Operator:=xlAnd

Selection.AutoFilter field:=21, Criteria:="<30%" & ">0"

ActiveSheet.Columns("A").Select
Selection.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeVisible).Select
Selection.Copy

ActiveWorkbook.Sheets(ws).Activate
ActiveSheet.Range("A12").PasteSpecial xlPasteValues
Application.CutCopyMode = False

ActiveWorkbook.sheet ("Fielding")
ActiveSheet.Columns("U").Select
Selection.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeVisible).Select
Selection.Copy

ActiveWorkbook.Sheets(ws).Activate
ActiveSheet.Range("B12").PasteSpecial xlPasteValues
Application.CutCopyMode = False

End Sub

It keeps giving me a run time error '1004'. Does anyone know what I'm doing wrong or could direct me in the right direction?

A:
Selection.AutoFilter field:=21, Criteria:="<30%" & ">0"

The way to do this is by putting two different criteria with xlAnd operator
Selection.AutoFilter field:=21, Criteria1:=">0", Operator=xlAnd, Criteria2 = "<0.3"

Also, there's no parameter Criteria in the AutoFilter method. It's Criteria1 and optionally another parameter Criteria2 (change Criteria to Criteria1 at other places in your code).
Working with Selection is hazardous and source of bugs. You should really try to rewrite your code without the Selection stuff. Take a look at How to avoid using Select in Excel VBA macros


The maximum temperature on Wednesday was 23.0ºC (73.4ºF) and the minimum 13.8ºC (56.8ºF).
The maximum relative humidity was 91 per cent and the minimum 44 per cent.
OUTLOOK FOR THURSDAY: Generally cloudy.
Rainfall: Rain/snow has occurred at most places in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir and at a few places in Uttaranchal. Rain/thundershowers have occurred at many places in Punjab, at a few places in Haryana and west Rajasthan and at isolated places in west Uttar Pradesh. Weather was mainly dry in the rest of the region. The chief amounts of precipitation in cms are: Himachal Pradesh: Dharampur 3, Ghamroor 2 and Bhunter 1; and Jammu and Kashmir: Katra 4 and Quazigund 2.
Temperatures: Past 24 hours change: Minimum temperatures fell in east Rajasthan, rose in Punjab and west Rajasthan and changed a little elsewhere. Departures: They were markedly above normal in Haryana, Punjab and west Rajasthan, appreciably above normal in east Rajasthan and east Uttar Pradesh, above normal in Jammu and Kashmir and west Uttar Pradesh and normal in the rest of the region. The lowest temperature in the plains was 10ºC recorded at Agra (Uttar Pradesh).
Forecast valid until the morning of February 11: Rain/snow will occur at many places in Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal and at a few places in Jammu and Kashmir. Rain/thundershowers are likely at a few places in Haryana, Punjab and north Rajasthan and at isolated places in the rest of the region.
Forecast for Delhi and neighbourhood valid until the morning of February 11: Partly cloudy sky with possibility of thundry development/light rain in some areas. Mist/shallow fog in the morning. Minimum temperature will be around 10ºC.
Farmers' weather bulletin for Delhi forecast valid until the morning of February 11: Light rain is likely at a few places.


text:
Security Drift – The Silent Killer
Global spending on cybersecurity products and services is predicted to exceed $1 trillion during the period of five years, between 2017 to 2021, with different analysts predicting the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) at anywhere between 8 to 15%.
It is not surprising to see this growth in spending, which is primarily driven by the evolving sophistication and volume of attacks as well as the surmounting costs of a successful data breach.
And yet, data breaches continue.
The sad news is that about 80% of data breaches can be prevented with basic actions; such as vulnerability assessments, patching, and proper security configurations.
The specific reasons vary; but include staffing and resource issues, lack of expertise to optimize complex, multi-vendor security systems, and a host of other reasons. Whatever the specific cause, the common theme is that security lagged either internal IT changes or changes in the external threat landscape.
The phenomenon is well known in technology spheres – from things like configuration drift as applications and platforms change without reorganization; to Cloud drift as new serverless resources evolve to suite point-issues but are not accounted for in overall infrastructure growth estimates.
Because of this, we're looking at a new form of drift centered primarily on changes that impact cybersecurity – essentially a security drift.
IT & Security Teams Face a Double Whammy
On the one hand, security teams have to continuously address evolving threats and adversarial sophistication, and on the other, IT teams are continually adapting to change and making alterations to environments that can create security drift, some addressed, and some invisible.
At the end of the spectrum are high-visibility changes revolving around hot topics like Information Technology and Operational Technology (IT/OT) convergence – and these usually (though not always) get concurrent attention from cybersecurity teams.
At the other end of the security drift spectrum, it's day-to-day maintenance operations that may not get the deserved attention from security teams. These include routine activities such as software updates for new features, bug fixes, and vulnerability patching, and the upgrade or replacing of commodity software that does not require major planning.
No matter if the changes are happening to new systems going into production, or existing systems in production, the drift is created as the changes are made without security oversight or with insufficient security oversight.
Unfortunately, there are many examples of security drift situations where routine software updates and IT changes introduce vulnerabilities that require discovery and patching.
A high-tech company that had a robust (or so they thought) A/V solution allowed for a three-week patch drift for 2% of its systems. This was because some systems required testing before patching (due to OS and application concerns), and others were delayed due to operational constraints. The company was hit by a worm that was propagated to almost all unpatched systems, close to 3,000 machines.
The consequence was a denial of service from within that disrupted business and hampered remediation and restoration of the company's IT systems.
A multinational outsourcing company deployed FTP servers for the purpose of dedicated file sharing with their customer. Their procedure for onboarding a new customer was to clone an existing service, change the default credentials, exclude the new system from DNS, and test the new system within a week of deployment.
Unfortunately, in one case, the lag between deploying and testing was enough for a hacker to find a system that was inadvertently left with default credentials and penetrate the customer's data at great cost to the outsourcing company. The security drift created by the new instance created the opening that an adversary needed to initiate and successfully complete an attack.
These examples are significant in size and impact, but it's the small examples of security drift that are the true silent killers, the proverbial loss of a nail in a horseshoe that loses the kingdom.
For example, a Web Application Firewall that was misconfigured and placed into learning mode (monitoring only) and a case in which IT changed the name of a server that had restricted access. The name-change inadvertently made the server accessible to everyone. Luckily, this was detected before any damage was incurred, and the rule that enforces the access policy was updated.
There is one thing that links all of these incidents together. Security drift is the consequence of change, and security operations are either unaware of the change or its significance. In some cases, it will create manageable risk, and in other cases, the risk demands immediate attention; but in all cases, the drift exists and puts the organization at risk. This lack of insight makes security drift the silent killer.
Avoiding the Silent Killer
The traditional practice for identifying and dealing with security drift is a combination of IT procedures and policies, vulnerability management systems, and pen-testing. While vulnerability scanning provides near-real-time results; pen testing does not. This may provide a lengthy window for security drift to occur that is unacceptable.
A new paradigm of security validation is becoming widely available for the security Blue Team, one that automates security validation in production environments. Complementing periodic pen testing by filling in the void between tests, continuous security validation becomes a powerful way to reduce the impact of security drift by detecting and identifying instances of drift in near-real-time.
Continuous security validation with Breach and Attack Simulation platforms can match the rate of internal and external change with the ability of the organization to detect changes that create weaknesses and gaps to help manage security drift better. Don't let the silent killer getya'.
For more information, visit www.cymulate.com and register for a Free Trial.
New Apache Log4j Update Released to Patch Newly Discovered Vulnerability
The Hacker News, January 4, 2022 January 5, 2022 , The Hacker News, 0
The Apache Software Foundation (ASF) on Tuesday rolled out fresh patches to contain an arbitrary code execution flaw in...
This New Malware Family Using CLFS Log Files to Avoid Detection
The Hacker News, September 7, 2021 September 8, 2021 , The Hacker News, 0
Cybersecurity researchers have disclosed details about a new malware family that relies on the Common Log File System (CLFS)...
A New APT Hacker Group Spying On Hotels and Governments Worldwide
The Hacker News, September 28, 2021 September 29, 2021 , The Hacker News, 0
A new advanced persistent threat (APT) has been behind a string of attacks against hotels across the world, along...
Rapid7 Source Code Breached in Codecov Supply-Chain Attack
Cybersecurity company Rapid7 on Thursday revealed that unidentified actors improperly managed to get hold of a small portion of...
SonicWall Left a VPN Flaw Partially Unpatched Amidst 0-Day Attacks
The Hacker News, June 24, 2021 June 25, 2021 , The Hacker News, 0
A critical vulnerability in SonicWall VPN appliances that was believed to have been patched last year has been now...
Researchers Warn of Critical Flaw Affecting Industrial Automation Systems
A critical vulnerability uncovered in Real-Time Automation's (RTA) 499ES EtherNet/IP (ENIP) stack could open up the industrial control systems...
Encrypted Messaging Project "Matrix" Suffers Extensive Cyber Attack
The Hacker News, April 17, 2019 April 18, 2019 , The Hacker News, Cyber Attack|encrypted chat|encrypted chat room|encrypted chat server|encrypted communication|encrypted messaging apps|encrypted Messenger|hacking news|Matrix|website defacement, 0
Matrix—the organization behind an open source project that offers a protocol for secure and decentralized real-time communication—has suffered a...
New 0-Day Attack Targeting Windows Users With Microsoft Office Documents
The Hacker News, September 9, 2021 September 10, 2021 , The Hacker News, 0
Microsoft on Tuesday warned of an actively exploited zero-day flaw impacting Internet Explorer that's being used to hijack vulnerable...
Magecart Targets Emergency Services-related Sites via Insecure S3 BucketsMicrosoft Releases June 2020 Security Patches For 129 Vulnerabilities


Elvis Monument In Friedberg - Misc.
From now on, the first thing you'll see if you enter the city, is a large Jailhouse Rock silhouette of Elvis. At this time, the monument serves also as a billboard for the expo in the Capri Club that ends on October 11. The monument itself will stay when the expo closes.
My German isn't too good, but I'm sure the sign reads "Elvis opened his bowels here" - hence the silhouette. But don't quote me on that.
Not sure if I am going to visit this..
Very different style monument – makes a nice change! Any German/English speakers tell us what the inscription says please? Thanks!


The Bright Side 100 Kinds Of Wonderful 100th Birthday Coaster. Celebrate this very special birthday milestone with this fabulous 100th birthday coaster from The Bright Side. Made of wood, this square coaster with rounded corners has a soft cork bottom to protect your surfaces and measures 10cm square.


FYI: Since Google Mail has changed its SSL security and removed support for v2 which is used by Sendmail.exe, those who will be configuring their GMail account will need to configured the Stunnel as well [Read More].
An email account with any email providers, I'm using GMail account.
Install the WAMP Server downloaded from WAMP Server site. By default it is installed in "C" Drive, at "C:\" location, keep it same so its easy to access.
Next download Fake Sendmail for Windows. Fake Sendmail, aka sendmail.exe, is a simple windows console application that emulates sendmail's "-t" option to deliver emails. Extract the sendmail.zip file and move the folder here: "c:\wamp\sendmail". So your "sendmail.ini" file location will be like this "c:\wamp\sendmail\sendmail.ini"
To send an email we will need an email account with 1 step verification i.e. username and password (2 step verification will not work in this case). Now we'll need to configure some settings in sendmail.ini, which can be found in "c:\wamp\sendmail".
There will be some lines which needs to be commented in sendmail.ini, please refer my sendmail.ini for reference.
Assuming you've not change any of the path from above.
Save and close php.ini file.
For these changes to take effect you must need to restart your WAMP Server.
These few more configurations includes installing and configuring Stunnel, and configuring Sendmail with Stunnel.
Download Stunnel form Stunnel site and install.
Locate your stunnel.conf file to configure, either using start menu or by going to "C:\Program file\stunnel" for 32Bits and "C:\Program file (x86)\stunnel" for 64Bits.
output = stunnel.log ; You will need to create this file if doesn't exists already and give proper permissions to current user.
If you find any issue configuring stunnel.conf, please refer the stunnel.conf I've used.