text:
Not still at home...
Kinaesthetics and the Chora
Here, I give a detailed account of a collaboration with the dancer and visual artist Caroline Sabin and emphasise the kinaesthetic relationship to Julia Kristeva and the chora. When I first met Caroline there was an immediate correlation and empathy, we began discussing our time-based work where I would film Caroline and she would choreograph movement. We decided to concentrate on filming spontaneously and impromptu in Caroline's house. I was initially attracted to the dressing room which enjoyed natural daylight, that filtered through the vintage clothes that were suspended from the ceiling by the laundry racks.
Not still at home: poise, video still, Karen Heald & Caroline Sabin (2010).
As Caroline began her 'warm up' exercises, I was drawn to the slight space between the floor and the bottom section of the window that her body filled. Positioning the camera on the wooden floorboards I asked Caroline to continue whilst I filmed her using a fixed focused long take. Caroline was generally used to choreographing her dance routines over months rather than a day but was a willing collaborator. During the ten-minute continuous shoot of poise (Karen Heald & Caroline Sabin, 2010). Caroline recalls:
'The performance space created was low to the ground and quite severely restricted in all directions which immediately created a performative task for me as a mover/ choreographer.'
Not still at home: poise, duration 11' 50", Karen Heald & Caroline Sabin (2010).
Depicting Caroline in her personal environment, this routine task was embellished by performing it in a method and space unfamiliar to her. The camera communicated a personal moment in time, capturing her movements as she moved expressively in and out of the frame. Backlit by natural light, Caroline's casual grey clothes contrasted against the suspended cream tulle of the tutu. The video incorporated both a sculptural and a painterly time-based approach and as Caroline recounts:
'Collaborating with Karen involved a slightly different configuration of skills, as the aesthetic concerns and framing of the work in both time and space via her camera were her responsibility, whilst I as a 'performer' was simultaneously responsible for generating movement material, in a responsive process of improvisation coupled with self-editing.
In Not still at home:poise, Caroline was fragmented in the video frame and the viewer might begin to imagine the things they could not see. Similar to the way that American experimental filmmaker Maya Deren used symbolism unconventionally within her cinematography and cut up images, here I rethought how we might see things through the camera lens. This process became more intertwined as we continued with the next few performances. I began to construct the shots and invited Caroline to consider the framing, she in turn responded to any suggestions I offered in relation to her figure in the space.
In relation to the female body, Adrienne Rich speaks about beginning with our own corporeality which enables the individual to: 'speak with authority as a woman. Not to transcend this body but to reclaim it'. In reconnecting our individual thinking and speaking she continues that we should begin: 'with the material, with the matter, mma, madre, mutter, moeder, modder, etc., etc.' Thus our own personal social structures, narratives and histories become amalgamated within the process.
Not still at home: equilibrium, video still, Karen Heald & Caroline Sabin (2010).
Rich's concept of the 'politics of location' and Kristeva's 'maternal time' began to merge as I began to film in Caroline's bathroom. Located downstairs and on the exterior wall of the house, the shower was positioned at the end of the small narrow room, and the exposed brickwork was covered in a carpet of green lichen. The adjacent wall was constructed from glass bricks. In Caroline's tactile kinaesthetic space the relationship between herself and her home spoke of the slippage between reclamation and transcendence.
As Caroline moved in the confines of the space, I documented her dance routine with two cameras. Caroline notes: 'Again a movement task immediately presented itself as it was necessary to keep the body in as near a vertical plane as possible'. One camera was positioned by the door frame whilst the other was situated looking into the huge mirror on the opposing kitchen wall. When observing the film, the viewer is looking through two screens. Initially it appeared that the small camcorder's viewfinder was recording the exact movements of the performance. A closer scrutiny reveals that this framing is actually a more compact shot, playing around with time, space and the reality/fantasy of the home.
Not still at home: equilibrium, duration 10' 40", Karen Heald & Caroline Sabin (2010).
The filming reminded me of the early choreography of Maya Deren, however, the film differed from Deren's A Study in Choreography for the Camera, which celebrated the principles and power of movement through extensive editing. In the resulting collaborative film work with Caroline titled equilibrium, the cameras themselves acted as the editor through their orchestrated placement, and the open LCD screens which created a montage, synchronised in the mirror. The similarities lay with the fact that they could only exist as films, with the movement of the dancer transcending the manoeuvring the ideas of both time and space.


To keep this document organized: When editing it to update to new information, please use a different color for your text to indicate that that text is not the original / is properly updated to fit the current state of the site. Original text (as of August 12, 2015) is in black.
The Style Editor / What Can I Style?
Pages – Deals with site pages/content. Note that generally (with the exception of the coverpage), this section only deals with content, and not the styling of that content (color, font, sizing).
Design – Deals with site styling. This includes Logo, fonts, colors, the lock screen, and the current template being used.
Metrics – Allows you to view various statistics about the site, such as traffic, activity, and search queries.
Comments – Deals with comments people post on your site, if enabled. In our case this would probably only apply to a blog or similar.
Settings – Other settings not included above. Basic info, domains, emails, permissions, billing, etc.
At the bottom lies the button for your account. Edit account settings, change website, and log-out here.
The edit panel can be hidden by clicking the arrow in the top-left of the preview window. To re-show the panel, click this arrow again.
Using the preview panel, you can view the site as it would look on different size devices (such as tablets or smartphones). Hover your cursor at the top of the preview panel, then click on the device you want from the drop-down. The preview will automatically resize to that device.
Note that while the preview should be an accurate live version of the site, sometimes Squarespace bugs out and doesn't show things exactly as others would view them (especially when previewing the site with different screen sizes). I recommend always reviewing the site on other devices/browsers/computers just to make sure everything is as it should be.
Pages are managed under the PAGES menu. All top-level pages under the "Main Navigation" section will be displayed in the navigation bar (Momentum does not display sub-page items, although some other templates do).
All pages under the "Not Linked" section will not display in the nav bar and must be linked to manually. Unlinked pages will also not be indexed by search engines unless specifically linked to. Thus, any page put in this section without a link elsewhere on the site is effectively disabled. Currently this section houses four folders – a "Project Pages" folder for detailed project pages, a "Portfolio Galleries" folder for specific galleries of images to be used on the Portfolio page, a "Not Featured" folder for galleries of currently not-featured projects, and finally a folder to simply house old/unused pages – as well as the coverpage, a template-specific readme, and this document.
To configure basic settings for any page, click on the cog icon next to the page in the Pages Manager.
Navigation Title/Page Title – the page name and title. By default, Squarespace will make the Page Title the same as the Navigation Title. The Navigation Title is the title that appears in the nav bar (if being displayed) and in the edit panel. Conversely, the Page Title is displayed at the top of the page and in web search results.
Enable/Disable – You can disable a page from this pane if you want all links to it to be "removed" to hide the page. Note that links will still exist in other pages, but rather than directing to the page will instead direct to the 404 error page. Disabled pages will not be indexed by search engines, and will be grayed-out in the Pages Manager.
Description – In the Momentum template, the Description will display at the top of the page, under the Page Title. I would leave this blank for project profile pages, since we have our own layout for text. However, this description is also what is shown in web results (and is used for SEO, or Search Engine Optimization), so for certain pages it should be included.
URL Slug – The URL Slug determines the URL that will be used for that page. This slug will be amended to the site URL, for example a slug of "/projects/eric-carle" will appear as "www.justerpopefrazier.com/projects/eric-carle" in the browser. When linking to a page, this slug is what you will link to.
Password – If you would like to lock a page, add a password. Once locked, when a user visits the page they will first have to enter this password (via the Lock Page). Note that the number of asterisks Squarespace uses to represent the password may be more or less than the actual number of characters you entered. A locked page will have a small lock icon next to its name in the Pages Manager.
Thumbnail – I would recommend adding a thumbnail image to all (or most) pages on the site, as some content blocks (such as summary blocks) will show the thumbnail to represent a page. See below for details on adding images.
Page Controls – As a final option, you can also duplicate the current page or set it as the homepage using the bottom two buttons.
(Clicking the "Add Page" button will show you all available page types and their respective icons. See below for adding/deleting a page).
Page – A basic page. All block types (see below) can be used in this page.
Products – For selling items. Ignore.
Cover Page – A splash page. Coverpages use their own templates and styling options. The current "Welcome" page is a coverpage – most likely you will not need to add any more.
Folder – a simple folder for storing pages. When used in the "Main Navigation" section, they will produce drop-down menus of their sub-pages. To show or hide the content of a Folder, click the small arrow next to the name in the Edit Panel.
Album – For displaying music. Ignore.
Index – A special type of Folder that can also house its own content. In Momentum, Index pages are displayed as full-bleed galleries, grabbing images from sub-galleries. As such, Index pages in Momentum can only house sub-pages of the gallery type, and will display all images within them. There is no way to pick and choose.
Blog – A blog-type page. Can embed/import content from other pages. If using an external blog, this page is unnecessary (use link page).
Gallery – A special page type that houses only images. Galleries can be displayed in multiple ways depending on the template – in Momentum, galleries are used to populate the Index pages with images. Galleries can also be referenced by other content blocks (such as Gallery Blocks or Summary Blocks) in other pages.
Events – A calendar-type page. Ignore.
Link – A page that functions as a simple link to an external URL. Link pages can be handy if you want to have a button in the nav bar send the user directly to an external page (such as the Issuu document or a blog).
To add a page, click the plus icon next to the "Main Navigation" or "Not Linked" headers, or within a folder.
Pages can easily be moved between sections or into/out of folders by simply dragging the page around the edit panel.
To delete a page, click the trash-can next to the page in the edit panel. If you are looking to simply hide a page, either disable it in the configuration window or move to the "Not Linked" section instead of deleting.
Any page can be designated a homepage by going to the settings for that page and clicking "Make Homepage." The current homepage will have a small house icon next to it in the Pages Manager. Clicking on the logo anywhere on the site will always bring the user to the homepage.
The coverpage is stored in the "Not Linked" section of the Pages Manager (titled "Welcome"). The coverpage has its own unique template and does not follow the site-wide Momentum template. As such, all style settings for the site do not apply to the coverpage, and vice versa. To change coverpage settings, you must navigate to the coverpage within the Pages Manager.
Layout – Change the coverpage's current template. Changing this can easily mess up previous settings – use with caution.
Branding & Text – Edit the coverpage's title/logo and sub-text. Note that this logo is different than the logo images used elsewhere on the site. The Headline and Body will both be displayed next to/near the Branding Logo, using different formatting.
Video – deals with embedded video files. Unless you want to add a video to the coverpage, ignore.
Imagery – Edit the images used in the coverpage slide show. The order images are listed in this gallery determines the order images will appear on the coverpage.
Action – Deals with the action buttons the user clicks to enter the full site. Either button types (links with a background) or Navigation types (links that only feature text) can be used. As of when this document was written, one button-type action was used, directing the user to the "Featured Projects" (/featured) page.
Style – Like the "Style" edit panel for the site as a whole, this panel deals with styling for the coverpage. Note that all styling applied here does not affect the website, and vice versa.
Positioning: Changes the location of the text.
Branding: Adjust the size of the logo image. Sizing anchor point is the upper-left of the image.
Headline: Adjust font, size, weight, spacing, and color of the Headline text as entered above.
Background: Change both color and whether the page has a border.
Imagery: Coverpages feature an automatic overlay color, which is a high-transparency layer placed over an image to improve readability of text. The color of this overlay is chosen based on colors featured in the image and the text.
Button: Adjust font, sizing, weight, coloring, shape, and style of the action buttons or nav items.
Video Controls: Deals with the (currently hidden) video button. Unless adding a video file, ignore.
If you would like to un-hide this play button (such as if you add a video to the coverpage), remove this line of code. I would suggest commenting the code out rather than deleting it, in case you want to bring it back later. To comment it out, just add "<!--" to the beginning and "-->" to the end, for example "<!--[code goes here]-->".
The Featured Projects page functions as the general home page for the site – after clicking through the splash page (i.e. the coverpage) using the "View Work" link, users will be directed to this page. This page is an "Index Page" type, which can house sub-pages. Note that in Momentum, index pages can only have sub-pages of the gallery type.
Depending on the template, an Index page will show sub-pages in different ways. With Momentum, index pages will scroll through ALL images in the sub-galleries – you cannot tell it to only show select images. In the lower right users can click a button to show all images in the sub-galleries, and can click specific images to go to that gallery. The name that is displayed for each gallery is based on that page's Navigation Title.
In the upper right users can show or hide additional information about the current image. The info shown here is based on the embedded info within the selected image. Using some custom HTML code, I have made it so that users can click this title/info to go to a more detailed page about the project, to allow us to include more images and text without clogging up the index's main scrolling gallery. See the section below for more details.
In the style editor (DESIGN→STYLE EDITOR), you can change settings about these index pages under the "Gallery Styles" section. Note that this section applies to all galleries on the site, not just the index (See Styling for more info).
The featured project galleries are the special galleries that are shown in the Featured Projects page. Currently, these galleries hold only one image per gallery, to minimize the amount of images that the Featured Projects page shows.
Note that all gallery page URL slugs start with "galleries", for example "/galleries/fels-student-center". This is to keep these pages organized and separate from the more detailed "/projects/" pages.
When a user shows more info about the current image on the Featured Projects page, that text is taken directly from the embedded info in the images in the sub-galleries. At the time of this writing, only the "Title" section has been used.
If you would like a more detailed explanation of how this code works, see the "Code Snippets Reference" below.
While the Featured Projects page shows only a select few projects, the Portfolio page lists all projects (or at least those you want to show). I have divided the page into multiple sections to organize the projects. This is done through the use of Summary Blocks (note that these are different than the Gallery Blocks we use on Project Pages). Each project features one image, a title, and sub-text (currently the project's location). Projects that are currently featured can also be accessed directly by clicking their title. Projects that are not featured do not have clickable titles.
Note that by default, summary blocks have both text and images that when clicked open up a larger version of the image using a "Lightbox", i.e. clicking the image dims the background and expands the image to fit the screen. I have removed this functionality for both the image and the text, and instead have implemented a URL that links directly to a featured project on select projects, all using custom HTML. This code is located in different parts of the site, however. The code that deals with adding (or removing) URLs for the text is embedded within the project images themselves – see the section below on "Portfolio Galleries" for more information.
The code used to remove the Lightbox feature for the images is injected into the site as a whole using the Custom CSS setting – navigate to this by going to DESIGN → CUSTOM CSS. In a perfect world you should never have to worry about or see this block of code, but just in case the world is not perfect, I have included the code (and an explanation) in the "Code Snippets" section below.
See "Editing the Portfolio Page" and "Adding/Removing a Project to the Portfolio" below for more information.
The portfolio galleries are simple galleries where the single thumbnail images are stored. These galleries function simply as references for the Porfolio Page summary blocks (see "Editing the Portfolio Page"). All portfolio galleries are stored in the "Not Linked" section of the Pages Manager under the "Portfolio Galleries" folder.
When the project is currently featured and has a project page, a link is added. This is identical to the link used on the title in the Featured Project gallery.
See "Adding / Removing a Project from the Portfolio" for a more detailed explanation of when to use these two code snippets. If you would like to know more about how they work, see "Code Snippet Reference" below.
The About page features a few paragraphs of text taken from the "Firm History and Process Text.docx" document. I have placed one paragraph in the description of the page (located in the page settings) rather than in the body to help visually break up the page more. Plus, this description paragraph will be given more weight when the page is indexed by search engines.
See "Editing the About Page" for more information.
There is also an older version of this news page located in the "Not Linked" area of the Pages Manager. This news page features the same content as the existing blog, but the content was imported into Squarespace using the "Content Import" feature (SETTINGS → ADVANCED → IMPORT/EXPORT). This would allow you to manage your blog through Squarespace, but would remove the ability to update it via Blogger. If you would rather use this option, simply swap the pages.
The contact page features a special map block. If desired, you can change the style of this block by editing it and navigating to the "Design" tab.
The contact page also has an email address and phone number that are linked. See "Special URLs" below.
Each featured project has a dedicated page to showcase more specific content about that project. The page is laid out such that there is a horizontal banner image at the top, a short blurb about the project in the center, and a few select images in a small gallery at the bottom. See "Adding a Project Page" for more information on the layout of this page.
Note that all Project Page URL slugs start with the "projects" folder, for example "/projects/fels-student-center". This is to help keep site URLs organized and to separate project pages from the gallery pages used by the Featured Projects index.
All projects are housed in the "Project Pages" folder within the "Not Linked" section of the Pages Manager. Remember that projects here will not be viewable unless a link is added elsewhere on the site (such as on the Featured Projects page and the Portfolio page).
The lock page is a special page that is used whenever you lock content behind a password. This includes the whole site as well as whenever you add a password to a specific page.
To access the Lock Page, go to DESIGN → LOCK SCREEN.
Change Layout – Allows you to change the template / general layout used for the lock screen.
Branding & Text – Like the Cover Page, deals with the Logo and any subsequent Headline/Body text. Here you can also choose to hide or show a basic lock icon on the page.
Imagery – Choose one or more images to display in the background.
Style – Like all other style panels, this panel deals with sizing/fonts/coloring of the content. Note that this styling only affects the lock screen and not the rest of the site (and vice versa).
Branding – Adjusts the height of the logo image.
Background – Lets you pick a color and border. The color will only be shown if there is a border or if there are no images in the Imagery section.
Imagery – Like the cover page, the lock screen has an auto color overlay which will change the coloring of the image slightly to help boost the contrast between the image and the text for better readability. I would recommend leaving this on.
Password – Here you can adjust the settings of the password box, such as style, font, size, and color.
All pages have a general set of settings that you can edit via the Configuration Panel – click the cog icon next to the page's name in the Edit Panel to access this (some pages also feature a cog icon when you are actually editing that page's content).
See "Configuring Pages" above for more information on what these settings do.
When editing the content of a basic page, there are a lot of different types of "Content Blocks" you can use to organize your content. For the most part, we will only be using Image, Text, Gallery, and Summary blocks, although there are many others available. Below is a list of all the block types you will most likely use/encounter, along with brief descriptions.
Text – A simple text block. Allows you to input text, and do some basic styling options (such as italics and bold). Note that things like font, color, and size are not dealt with here – navigate to the style editor to adjust these settings.
Image – A simple block that holds one image. You can crop an image block around the image's focal point.
Gallery – there are four different types of gallery block to choose from – Slideshow, Carousel, Grid, and Stack. These all organize the images slightly differently, however they all deal with a collection of images and the displaying of them in an organized fashion. Gallery blocks can hold images from either an existing gallery/collection, or images you upload directly.
Summary – Summary blocks are slightly different than Gallery blocks. Like galleries, they hold images – however, they also display text associated with the images. Summary blocks are also more powerful in that they can summarize content beyond just images (like text from a blog, for example). Like gallery blocks, summary blocks come in four flavors: Wall, Carousel, List, and Grid.
Spacer – A basic block that adds a space in the column it is located in. Spacer blocks can be adjusted in the horizontal direction, but not in the vertical.
Line – Essentially just a spacer block, but with a line through it. Can be used to cleanly and clearly separate content.
Map – An embedded Google Maps block. Map blocks have a lot of cool styling settings that allow you to customize the map to fit the style of your site. Currently we have one map block, on the Contact Page.
Search – a simple search field.
Content Link – Like a summary block, in that it links to specific content and displays a preview or summary of that content where available. We don't currently use any Content Link blocks in the site.
Note that blocks can be easily moved around a page by simply clicking and dragging the block to the location you want. Squarespace will automatically adjust surrounding blocks to try and fit the new location. This may result in some unexpected or unwanted changes, so be aware that you may have to play around with the blocks to get them to lay out correctly. If you screw things up too much however, you can always Cancel your changes to the page.
Whenever you add an image to a page or gallery, there are a couple of settings you should set regardless of where the image is to be used.
At any point on the site, you can right-click on an image to open up the settings for that image. Note that this only works on the edit panel, NOT the live preview, unless you are actively editing a page.
Within the image settings you can change a few things such as title, description, and some other settings such as tags and categories, depending on where the image is located. Specific information on what to edit is located in the respective tutorial section, however for the most part we will ignore almost all the settings besides the title and description fields.
All images throughout the site have a focal point – this is the point on which Squarespace will center when it has to crop the image (such as when you change the device). This focal point is represented by a small circle over the page's thumbnail. Mouse-over the image to see this circle – to edit the point, simply drag the circle to a new location on the image.
To keep the site loading smoothly, I would recommend only using images that are properly optimized for the web – this means as low of a size as you can get, while still maintaining a reasonable quality. I have been saving all images used on the site as JPGs, making sure that the image size is generally not greater than 1920 x 1080 (since most people will never have a screen larger than that, and so the extra detail is wasted), and then saving the JPG at a Photoshop quality level of "5".
To add a URL to text within a text block, simply highlight the desired text and click the Link button (a small chain-link icon) in the Text Edit Panel. You can choose whether you want the link to go to content already on your site, a files that you have uploaded, or an external page.
You can also add links to most images by adding a "Clickthrough URL" in the image settings – however, I would generally recommend against doing so given that most images on the site function in specific ways (for example, given the code we have used to remove the lightbox for images on the Portfolio page, adding a click-through URL to them will not work).
Beyond these two methods, adding links will require using custom code. We've already done that in a few locations (such as with the featured projects), so if you wanted to use that code and modify it for a new URL, you could. Do note however that using custom code can easily break the site depending on what you do. See "Code Snippet Reference" below for more information about existing URL code.
The following gives step-by-step instructions on how to add a new project page to the site. Note that this will NOT add the project to the Portfolio or Featured Projects pages – this simply explains how to add the detailed project page in preparation for adding the actual project elsewhere.
Navigate to the Pages Manager of the Edit Panel. Under the "Project Pages" folder in the "Not Linked" section, click the plus symbol to add a new page.
Choose a basic page type (simply titled "Page"). With the highlighted name field, type in a new title for the page and hit enter (if you accidentally deselect this field or need to change the name later, you can always do so in the page's configuration panel).
Once the page is created, open up the configuration/settings panel by clicking the cog next to the page's name. If you need to change the title, do so here. Leave the Page title the same as the Navigation title (Squarespace will automatically copy the Navigation Title into the Page Title field).
Next, scroll down to the URL slug field. Add "/projects/" before the actual page URL, for example a page for Eric Carle might be "/projects/eric-carle-museum". REMEMBER THIS URL – you will need it when you actually add the project to the Featured Projects or Portfolio pages.
Lastly, add a thumbnail to the page – scroll down to the Thumbnail Image field and click "Add thumbnail image." Choose the desired image from the pop-up window. This thumbnail is not currently used on the site – however, it is indexed by search engines, and should you decide to change/edit the template at a later date this image will already be in place.
You will now see a blank project page. To edit the page, mouse over the blank space between the header and footer, and click on the Edit button under the Page Content pop-up.
We are now in "Page Edit" mode – the edit panel on the left will disappear, and we will be editing the page directly.
First, let's create the header image. To do this, we will need to insert an image block. Mouse over the blank portion until you see a dark-gray line with a circular shape at the end – this is the "Insert Block" tool, which will allow you to insert a block at the indicated portion of the page. Note that we can move this block around later (For more information on block types, see "Block Types" above). Click the tool, and select the Image block.
Under the block settings pop-up, upload an image. I would recommend choosing one that can be easily cropped on the top and bottom without losing important information. Once the image is uploaded, set the focal point (see "Adding an Image" above) and make sure the Stretch setting is checked. Leave Lightbox unchecked. Then click Save – we can safely ignore the other settings.
You should now see the image on the page – to crop it to a more proper banner size, mouse over the bottom of the block until you see a small gray circle (if the circle doesn't appear, make sure the image block is selected by clicking on it). Grab the circle, and drag upwards to crop the image. If you set the focal point properly, the image should crop both the top and bottom around this point. If you need to change the focal point, simply re-open the image settings by right-clicking (or by clicking the Edit button in the Image Settings pop-up menu when you mouse over the block). Note that Squarespace has a tendency to glitch out here – you may change the focal point, but when you go back to re-crop the image it uses the old point. You will have to refresh the page (and may need to do this multiple times) until Squarespace registers the changed focal point.
Next, we'll add the text. The page should come with a text block already (indicated by the grayed-out "Write here..." text). If not, you can add a new block in the same way we added an image block.
To edit the text, simply click on the block. You can type directly here, or copy-paste text from an external source. Note that if you do paste in text, make sure you highlight the pasted text and click the "Remove Format" button (second from the right) to make sure there is no embedded formatting. This will make sure the text uses the site's styling rather than it's own. Also note that we cannot change things like color, font, or sizing here – we do so in the Style Editor (see below).
To match existing pages, add the project's location at the top of the text block, making sure this line is both bold and italicized.
Finally, add the gallery of images at the bottom. Add a new Gallery block, making sure to choose the Grid type (if you select the wrong type, we can change it later in the settings for the block). Watch out that you don't accidentally choose a Summary Block – given their location in the menu and similar types, they can be easily confused. You can always check what block type you're working with by looking at the top of the block's settings panel.
With the Gallery block's settings open, upload the images you wish to use. I have been using either 3 or 6 images, depending on how many good images are available for that project. Remember to set the focal point for these images.
Once the images are uploaded, change to the Design portion of the gallery settings panel. Make sure the gallery is the "Grid" type. Choose an aspect ratio of "3:2 Standard." Check Crop Images. Set the number of thumbnails per row to 3. Leave padding at 20. Finally, check Lightbox, and save the block's settings.
Done! To save our changes, make sure to hit "Save" at the top of the page. Squarespace will then exit the Page Edit mode, and the Edit Panel will return. To add the project to the site more fully (such as making it into a featured project), see the tutorials below.
After adding a Project Page, we can then add the project to the site as a Featured Project. To do this, we MUST have a detailed project page already to reference to – if you don't, see the tutorial above on adding a new Project Page.
Navigate to the Pages Manager of the edit panel, and under the "Featured Projects" Index Page under the Main Navigation section, click the plus symbol to add a new project.
Since we are using the Momentum template, we can only add a page of type gallery to an Index Page (see "Page Types" for more information). Add a new gallery page, type in a name for the page, and hit enter (as before, we can change this title in the page's configuration panel).
After adding the page, open up the configuration panel by clicking on the cog next to the page's name. Once again, leave the Page Title and Navigation Title the same. Scroll down to the URL field and add "/galleries/" to the beginning of the URL, for example "/galleries/eric-carle-museum". Finally, add a thumbnail image, remembering to set the focal point.
Now we can deal with the gallery's images. Note the small arrow next to the name pointing right (which is different than the arrow pointing up/down) – this indicates that we can edit the page's content at a more detailed level. Click the page in the Page Manager to go to that page's own edit panel.
Note that the collection is empty – we will be adding one image to this gallery. Click the upload space in the edit panel to upload an image to the gallery. This image is the image that will be displayed on the Featured Projects page. Don't forget to set the focal point!
Lastly, we need to deal with the URL that allows the user to click on the image's title to navigate to the detailed project page we created earlier. Since Momentum doesn't allow for this by default, we have used a small amount of custom code to get this to work.
Right-click the image to open up the image's settings panel. We will ignore all the fields except for the title.
To get the link to work, we will be wrapping the project's name with some custom HTML code. If you would like a more detailed explanation of how this code works, see the "Featured Projects Gallery" and "Code Snippet Reference" sections elsewhere in this document. For now, I have provided the code below so that you can copy-paste it in.
where [project url] is the URL of the project as we determined in the detailed project page, and [project name] is the name of the project. Note the "/projects/" before the page's URL – this is exactly as we typed into the URL slug field in the project's detailed page.
Save the image settings, and return to the Pages Manager. The project is now featured in the Featured Projects page! I would recommend always double-checking the URL you provided by attempting to navigate to the page, just to make sure the link isn't broken. If it is, make sure you have the "../../" following by the URL slug EXACTLY as it appears on the linked project page.
While removing a featured project is relatively straight-forward, there are a few things to be aware of.
You can remove a project by removing the corresponding gallery in the Featured Projects page, either by deleting it (clicking the trash-can icon next to the page's name in the Pages Manager), or by moving it to the "Not Featured" folder in the "Not Linked" section.
Remember though that doing either of these will not remove other links to the page in the site. For example, assuming things have been set up correctly, the project should not only be linked on the Featured Projects page but also on the Portfolio page. If we were to simply delete the detailed project page, the link in the Portfolio would remain, but would be broken – we need to not only remove the Featured Project page, but also the Portfolio link. See below for directions on how to do this.
While the main way to access a featured project is through the Featured Projects page, we also want users to be able to access the project through the Portfolio page as well. To do this, we will need to deal with a little more custom code to implement a URL for the text of the project. This means that in fact we will not be dealing with the actual Portfolio page, but rather with the galleries located in the "Portfolio Galleries" folder, from which the Portfolio page grabs its images.
If you are looking to turn an already-existing project into a featured project, see step 2 of "Dealing with the Project's Title" below. Conversely, if you are looking to REMOVE a featured project and thus remove all links to that project's page, see step 3 of the same section.
Whether we want to add a featured project or simply want to update the portfolio with a basic project, we will need to first add the project to the portfolio, by uploading an image and adjusting its settings.
Navigate to the Portfolio Galleries folder in the "Not Linked" section of the Pages Manager, and click on the section to which you would like to add the project (if instead you would like to add a whole new section, see the tutorial below in "Editing the Portfolio Page").
To add an image to the gallery, simply upload the image as you would for any other image, remembering to set the image's focal point when you do so (see "Adding an Image" for more information). Any image here will show up on the Portfolio page, showing select text from the image's settings.
In the image's settings panel (accessed by right-clicking the image), enter in the project's name in the Title field, and the location in the Description field.
By default, the summary blocks used on the Portfolio page will treat the title as a link to a larger version of the image. This doesn't work – we need to wrap the title with some custom HTML (much like the title of the featured project in the Featured Projects gallery). Depending on what we want to do with the project, we will use two different versions of the code.
As before, replace [project url] with the URL of the page you want to link to, and [project name] with the project's name. This code functions the same as the code on the Featured Projects image, and for all practical purposes is identical.
Here, we are simply styling the text to remove any and all URL events – coloring, cursor changes, etc. Like before, replace [project name] with the name of the project.
For a more detailed explanation of both code snippets, see either "Portfolio Galleries" or "Code Snippet Reference" elsewhere in this document.
If you ever feel you need to remove a project from the Portfolio, simply delete the image from its respective Gallery container in the "Portfolio Galleries" folder of the "Not Linked" section of the Pages Manager. Ta da! The project will be removed.
So far we have covered how to add new projects to the portfolio and update existing projects to be either featured or not. But what if we want to change the layout of the Portfolio page itself? Or how about adding a whole new section of projects?
The actual Portfolio page can be edited much as any other page – click the edit button at the top to enter page edit mode. Note that the Portfolio page is organized into seven summary blocks, one for each section of the portfolio. Each summary block references a specific gallery of images, located in the "Portfolio Galleries" folder in the "Not Linked" section.
If you would like to re-arrange the layout of these summary blocks, simply click and drag on a block to move it to the new position – Squarespace should automatically rearrange the other blocks to reflect the change. If you accidentally screw things up, you can always cancel the changes and re-edit.
Beyond simply changing the order of the portfolio sections, you may want to add or remove sections as well.
Click and hold on the block you wish to delete. A small trash-can icon should appear at the bottom of the screen. Drag the block over this icon to delete it. You should also be able to click the trash-can icon on the pop-up menu for the block when you mouse over it.
To add a new section, we will first need to add a new gallery and populate it with images.
Navigate to the "Portfolio Galleries" folder and click the plus symbol to add a new gallery. Choose the gallery type page, and with the name field highlighted, enter in a new name for the gallery.
Next, open up the gallery to add the images. Click the large empty box in the edit panel to upload the images you want to include in this section.
Remember that the summary blocks used on the Portfolio page get their text from these images – you will need to go into the settings of each image you upload (by right-clicking the image) to add/edit the embedded text information. Each image should have a title with the name of the project, and a description with its location. The title must also be wrapped in the appropriate HTML code depending on whether it is a featured project or not. See the above section on "Adding/Removing a Project from the Portfolio" for more info.
Under the Content section, select the Gallery that we just added, so that the summary block pulls images from the correct location.
Next, under Layout, make sure everything is set correctly. Carousel type, Small Text Size, 3:2 Standard Aspect Ratio, 4 items per row, Left Text Align. For Header Text, put in the name of the section (the summary block will NOT grab this from your gallery – you'll have to put this in yourself).
Finally, under the Display tab: make sure that the number of items is greater than the number of images you have in the gallery (just drag it all the way to the right); show all info (Title, Thumbnail, and Excerpt); and make sure that both Primary and Secondary Metadata are set to "None" (otherwise the Summary Block will start showing more text that we don't want).
And we're done! Save your changes.
The about page currently features two text blocks with two embedded image blocks. To embed an image block into a text block, drag the image block over the text block until the gray indicator changes. You can then resize the image to change how it relates to the text.
Note that in the about page, one paragraph is located in the page's description, NOT in the body of the page. To edit this paragraph, open up the page's configuration panel. This separation was done for both visual weight/interest, but also for search engine indexing optimization.
As one of the most basic pages, the contact page features two blocks – a text block, and a map block. The text block simply lists the firm's address, phone, and contact e-mail. Note that the phone and email links are special URLs – see the section below on "Special URLs" for more info on how these work.
The map block's design can be changed by editing the block and navigating to the "Design" tab. You can adjust the color scheme of the block, as well as whether map controls should be shown or hidden. See "Block Types" above for more information on the map block.
While Pages are where you manage the content (and the general layout) of the site, we do not deal with styling there. Styling refers to setting the size, font, color, weight, etc. of different parts of this content. To adjust the style of the content, we must use the Style Editor.
The Style Editor is located in DESIGN → STYLE EDITOR. Here we can adjust a plethora of settings across the website. Depending on the page we are currently viewing in the Preview Panel, the Style Editor will change what content it shows, so that we only see what is relevant. Do note however that styling applies across the ENTIRE site (with the exception of the cover page and lock page), not just the page we are currently viewing. It is important to remember that when you change styling to affect a certain part of a certain page, you may also be changing the style somewhere else as well.
Why does the Style Editor affect across the entire site? Well, it does make it easier to edit large amounts of content at once. But mainly, it is because the Styling affects types of content, not blocks or locations of it. This is actually due to how HTML and CSS are working behind the scenes.
Since the options that the Style Editor gives you change depending on what page you are viewing, I am not going to go over all of them here. The easiest way to see what things affect is by actually changing them and watching what happens in the preview panel.
When using the Style Editor, you may notice that the panel cannot be used to navigate through pages. This is because we are editing the page's content directly (like when we edit a project page through the page editor) – we can't use a page in this state.
When in the Style Editor like this, you will notice that hovering your cursor over certain parts of the preview panel will display blue boxes – click on an area to isolate that section as determined by the box. When you do this, the Edit Panel will change to only show style settings that apply to that specific part of the page. You can easily show all the settings again by clicking the "Show All" button at the top.
Remember, whenever you change the style of the page, you need to save these changes for them to take affect. This also means that if you don't like what you've changed, you can just discard your changes before exiting the Style Editor, no harm done.
To change the logo, go to DESIGN→LOGO & TITLE. Here you can change the logo and the favicon (the small icon that appears on the tab bar in the browser). The Site Title/Tag Line is used in a few places around the site, most notably as the title for the browser tab. The Momentum template however does not display the tag line within the site by default.
To adjust the size of the logo. go to DESIGN→STYLE EDITOR, under "Site Title/Logo" section. Note that the coverpage and lock page both have their own logo that must be changed separately.
Beyond the styling options in the Style Editor, Squarespace also gives us the ability to add our own custom CSS to style essentially anything we want. Do note that this can severely break the site if you're not careful. At the moment I have inserted one bit of Custom CSS, to deal with the issue regarding the summary blocks on the Portfolio page (see the relevant page for more info). This is located under DESIGN → CUSTOM CSS. Most likely you will never have to deal with or even look at this section.
If you would like to look at this custom code block, see the "Code Snippets" section.
There are also quiet a few other bits of styling located throughout the site – most of these options under the DESIGN menu we won't have to touch. However, do note that the styling for the Cover Page and the Lock Page are located within their respective page edit panels, NOT in the Style Editor.
SETTINGS → BASIC INFORMATION – Here we can adjust a few basic things about the subject of the site.
Site Type – Lets Squarespace know what kind of subject the site is about, so it can adjust a few settings accordingly.
Site Description – A basic description of the site. For now I have simply included the first paragraph from the About page here.
Promotion/Indexing – Whether we want Squarespace to include our site in its sample sites area.
Business Information – Set/Update hours, location, phone, e-mail, etc. here.
SETTINGS → DOMAINS – Under the domains section we can set up and manage domains that are associated with the site. This includes the justerpopefrazier.squarespace.com default domain, as well as any other domains either purchased through Squarespace or external ones mapped to the site.
SETTINGS → PERMISSIONS – Here you can set and manage which Squarespace accounts can have access to the site and what kinds of things they can do to it.
The Website Owner is the account that actually owns the website – this is the account where the billing information is located by default. Note that only the owner can transfer the site to a new owner.
Admin status refers to accounts that also have effective control over the website. An admin has essentially the same control as an owner, with the one difference that an admin cannot change the owner's own permissions (and thus cannot transfer ownership).
If you would like to change the permissions of a specific account, click the account to open up the settings dialogue.
SETTINGS → BILLING & ACCOUNT – Here you can manage the subscription/billing of the website.
Billing – Manage saved payment methods and which plan you are currently purchasing here.
Invoices – View previous invoices here.
Login History – View all previous log-ins to the editing of the site. Provides Browser, IP Location, and OS information for each login.
There are a lot more settings beyond the ones listed above. Most you will not have to deal with – if you need more info, check out the Squarespace Documentation.
The footer is a special text block that appears on all pages of the standard type – this includes our Portfolio page, About and Contact pages, and all of our specific Project pages. Currently in the footer I have placed the firm's telephone and e-mail address. Like the contact page, these two bits of text are URLs that point to their respective action (the email uses mailto to open an email, and the telephone uses tel to open the user's phone if they're on a mobile device). See the section below for more information.
A few locations on the site feature special URLs as opposed to regular webpage ones, such as the phone number and email address on the contact page and in the footer.
- mailto - This special link type allows you to link to an email address rather than a webpage. When the user clicks this address, the browser will open up their email client with a blank email to that address, if able. To edit this link, highlight the text and click the "Edit Link" button in the formatting bar (next to the "Italics" button). A pop-up will appear that will allow you to "Remove" or "Edit" the link. Clicking Edit will open up a new pop-up where you can change what the email address links to. Note that you must us "mailto:" before the address for the site to know you are linking to an email and not a webpage, for example "mailto:person@email.com".
- tel - This special link type allows for a mobile user to simply tap the link and automatically call that number. To edit this link, like the mailto above, highlight the text and click through the pop-ups until you can edit the actual URL. Note the URL is displayed as "tel:+1[phone number]", rather than a traditional webpage URL.
Also note that these special URL types may not work on all URLs across the site without heavy custom code.
This code is used to create a hyperlink to a detailed project page from a couple locations around the site, namely on the Featured Projects and Portfolio pages. It is used to wrap the title of an image to turn that text into a link.
The <a></a> is placed around the text, indicating that the text inside should be a hyperlink. Within this hyperlink, we can set a few properties, in this case the href property and the style property.
The href property indicates where we would like the hyperlink to point (the "hyperlink-reference"). In this case, we set the property to "/projects/[project url]", i.e. the URL slug for the specific project. Note the "../../" at the beginning of the URL – this is a shortcut that we can use since our project page is located within the same site. We could put "www.justerpopefrazier.com" instead, but there are two reasons not to: 1), "../../" is shorter, and 2) "../../" always references the site we're in, which means it will continue to work even if we change the main domain.
The style property is then used to tell the browser how to style parts of this URL. In this case, we're telling it to set the cursor to a pointer type.
In contrast to the code used above, this code is used to remove a hyperlink from the text where Squarespace would otherwise put one by default. In practice, this is for images located in the Portfolio that are not currently featured.
Here, we still use the <a></a> wrapper, since we are addressing the url. However, within we set the style property to pointer-events:none. This means we are telling the browser to have no pointer events, i.e. no changing of color, size, font, etc. This means that technically the URL is still there, however the user cannot click on or see it, and so for all practical purposes the URL has been removed.
This particular code is used only on the Cover Page, and specifically addresses the play button/icon that normally appears on the template we are currently using. Most likely you will never have to deal with this code, but just in case it is here as a reference.
Here we are using the <style></style> HTML blog, which means the code it wraps deals with styling – i.e. the code inside is CSS, not HTML.
Within the actual code, first we have to tell the browser what we're addressing – in this case, we're applying the styling to all code blocks that have the class "group-video" assigned to them.
Next, we tell the browser to change the code's "display" property to "none", i.e. to not display it. The "!important" simply tells the browser that if it ever encounters other code that would contradict this one, use this one instead.
Most likely you will never have to touch this code and can simply ignore it – however, if something happens and you do need to edit/re-insert it, or are simply just curious about it, below is a brief description of its parts. Note that this code is CSS, not HTML, which is why it looks different than other code we've been using.
The #collection-55b0f699e4b0db7c799daea2 tells the site where to apply the following code, in this case to a page with an id of "collection-55b0f699e4b0db7c799daea2". This happens to be the id that Squarespace automatically assigns to the Portfolio page – why it picked that string we can only guess.
Now that we've told the browser which page to address, we need to indicate which part of the page. Here, we are saying to apply this styling to all code blocks that have a class of "summary-thumbnail-container" applied to them.
Now that we know what code to style, how do we want to style it? In this case, like in previous code snippets, we are using the "pointer-events:none" bit, to remove all URL events attached to that code. The "!important" simply tells the browser that if it ever encounters other code that would contradict this one, use this one instead.


text:
Q: Spring batch -How to add Flow based on conditions checking Based on some properties set in the properties files if(prop1=false) Then how to remove the flow processingFlow1 in the FlowBuilder ..
 Flow processingFlow1 = new FlowBuilder<Flow>("ProcessingFlow1").start(ProcessingFlow1Step).build();
    Flow processingFlow2 = new FlowBuilder<Flow>("ProcessingFlow2").start(ProcessingFlow2Step).build();

New Flow
Flow rulesFlow = new FlowBuilder<Flow>("rulesFlow").build();
Adding flow to the flowbuilder
rulesFlow = new FlowBuilder<Flow>("rulesFlow").split(new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor())
    .add(ProcessingFlow1, ProcessingFlow2, ProcessingFlow3, )
    .build();

My question based on some properties set in the properties files
if(prop1=false)
Then how to remove the flow processingFlow1 in the FlowBuilder ..
rulesFlow = new FlowBuilder<Flow>("rulesFlow").split(new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor())
    .add(, processingFlow2, processingFlow3, )
    .build();

A: You can extract the builder as a variable and add flows dynamically based on your condition, something like:
Flow processingFlow1 = ...
Flow processingFlow2 = ...
Flow processingFlow3 = ...

FlowBuilder.SplitBuilder<Flow> rulesFlowBuilder = new FlowBuilder<Flow>("rulesFlow")
        .split(new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor());
if (shouldAddFlow()) { // check prop1=false in this method
    rulesFlowBuilder.add(processingFlow1);
}

Flow rulesflow = rulesFlowBuilder.add(processingFlow2, processingFlow3).build();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Taxpayer-backed Lloyds Banking Group has taken an additional £375 million hit to cover payment protection insurance (PPI) claims, it revealed today.
The 40% state-owned bank has now set aside nearly £3.8 billion to deal with compensation after a rapid rise in the volume of claims.
The group says the final cost of the PPI mis-selling scandal may still change.
This comes on the day the Financial Services Authority reveals compensation paid to victims of PPI mis-selling by all banks hit £3 billion for the period of 2011, plus January and February this year.
Figures released today show a £469 million payout in February, which pushed the total redress figure to the £3 billion mark.
It has been predicted the total redress figure could reach £9 billion.
Banking giant Barclays last week announced it too had taken an additional £300 million hit to cover PPI mis-selling claims.
The bank has now set aside £1.3 billion, up from £1 billion.
The news comes as Lloyds Banking Group revealed lower than expected profits today, with pre-tax profits of £288 million for the three months to 31 March, compared with £316 million in the previous quarter and City expectations of £500 million.
It emerged late last year Lloyds TSB was often failing to meet 28-day deadlines to pay compensation, leading to more anger from mis-selling victims (see the Lloyds delays MSE news story).


text:
Ius soli (în trad. lat. "Jus soli", "dreptul pământului", sau, cum se spunea inițial în limba română : dreptul pământean, cu referire la locul nașterii) este unul din cele două sisteme de acordare a cetățeniei, alături de ius sangvinis (în trad. "dreptul sângelui", sau, cum se spunea inițial în limba română : dreptul strămoșesc, cu referire la originea etnică a cetățenilor). Conform ius soli, cetățenia unui stat se dobândește automat prin nașterea pe teritoriul acelui stat. Pot fi impuse condiții cum ar fi ca cel puțin unul dintre părinți să aibă rezidență legală în statul respectiv, în cazul în care părinții sunt cunoscuți.

Acest sistem definește națiunea ca populația unui anumit teritoriu, indiferent de etnie, limbă sau religie.

Istorie
Primele elemente ale lui ius soli apar în cadrul reformelor lui Clistene în Atena antică, prin care cetățeanul nu mai era legat de o familie (genos) conform dreptului strămoșesc ius sangvinis, prevalent până atunci, ci de un teritoriu (trittya). Dreptul pământean s-a răspândit în Imperiul Roman (care și el cunoștea inițial ius sangvinis), când cetățenia romană a fost acordată tuturor oamenilor liberi din imperiu, indiferent de originile, neamul și religia lor. Apoi a dispărut în Evul Mediu, care s-a revenit la arhaicul ius sangvinis. În secolul al XVIII-lea, Revoluția americană și Revoluția franceză răspândesc din nou principiile dreptului pământean. Acesta progresează în decursul secolului XIX, odată cu generalizarea statelor constituționale și cu intensificarea mișcărilor migratorii legate de industrializare. În secolul XX, din ce în ce mai multe state adoptă doze din ce în ce mai mari de drept pământean, dreptul internațional și Declarația Universală a Drepturilor Omului fiind de asemenea bazate pe principiile dreptului pământean : astfel, un Român este, pe acest plan, un cetățean al României, indiferent de originile, naționalitatea (etnia) și religia, sa (pe când conform dreptului strămoșesc, un Român ar fi numai o persoană de naționalitate/etnie română, indiferent de cetățenia sa).

În cartea sa Collapse, geograful american Jared Diamond a calculat că dacă aplicarea dreptului pământean de la 1850 încoace ar fi anulată, și dacă dreptul strămoșesc ar fi adoptat integral de toate statele, 60 % dintre Americani, 80 % dintre Argentinieni, 25 % dintre Britanici și-ar pierde cetățenia.

Implicații politice
Controversa între partizanii ius soli și cei ai ius sangvinis izvorăște din concepții politice și filozofice diferite:
 Umanism și
 Determinismul naturalist.

Montesquieu a ilustrat astfel determinismul naturalist în lucrarea sa Spiritul Legilor (1748): Dreptul pământean este o aberație care consistă în credința că un mânz născut printre vaci este un vițel. Oamenii de origini diferite sunt, în această concepție, văzuți ca niște specii biologice diferite: ineluctabil străini unii de alții și inasimilabili. În aceste condiții, ocrotirea identității naționale a fiecărei țări nu poate fi asigurată decât prin legi inspirate din ius sangvinis.

Umanismul, care stă la baza dreptului pământean ius soli, pornește din premisa inversă, conform definiției enunțate de revoluționarii americani Patrick Henry, Benjamin Franklin și George Washington în 1775 la Philadelphia : Ius soli este demnitatea dată oricărui bărbat care trăiește, muncește și plătește taxe în coloniile noastre, de a fi acceptat ca un cetățean de plin drept, având dreptul de a își exprima părerea și de a participa la toate deciziile ce-l privesc, oricare ar fi originile, credința sau avuția sa (de notat totuși că această declarație excludea femeile, săracii care nu plăteau taxe, sclavii și indienii). Oamenii de origini diferite sunt, în această concepție, văzuți ca fiind membrii unei unice comunități, fundamental liberi, egali în drepturi și de o seamă. În aceste condiții, făurirea identității naționale a fiecărei țări se obține treptat prin educație, prin multi-culturalitate și prin asimilare (faimosul melting-pot american). În țări ca Statele Unite, ius soli asigură capacitatea națiunii de a integra feluriți imigranți, cu mai puțină vâlvă socială și dificultăți decât alte țări. În Statele Unite, nu numai că ius soli este declarat formal în al 14-lea amendament al constituției Statelor Unite, dar autoritățile juridice recunosc că ideea a fost integrată în însăși concepția constituției țării. Mai anevoios a fost procesul de integrare al băștinașilor Amerindieni și al imigranților involuntari, anume negrii Afro-americani, care au trebuit să ducă lupte crâncene pentru a obține egalitatea în drept (pe vremea președintelui Lyndon Johnson).

Introduceri sau limitări ale dreptului pământean

În decursul istoriei, multe țări care nu cunoșteau decât dreptul strămoșesc au trecut, treptat, parțial sau integral, la dreptul pământean. Un exemplu recent :

 Germania la 1 ianuarie 2000 a introdus un concept modificat al dreptului pământean. Înainte de această dată, dreptul german era în întregime ius sangvinis.

Copiilor diplomaților străini nu le este, de obicei, acordată naționalitatea țării în care sunt născuți, nici chiar în țările care practică dreptul pământean.

În numeroase țări care au adoptat dreptul pământean, aplicarea automată a acestuia a fost limitată de unele condiții privind copiii cu părinții străini, cum ar fi ca unul din părinți să fie rezident permanent sau să fi trăit în acea țară o perioadă minimum de timp. Dreptul pământean a fost modificat în acest sens în următoarele țări:

 Marea Britanie la 1 ianuarie 1983
 Australia la 20 august 1986
 Irlanda la 1 ianuarie 2005
 Noua Zeelandă la 1 ianuarie 2006
 Franța în mai multe rânduri

Modificarea dreptului pământean a fost criticată în aceste țări deoarece agravează problema globală a apatrizilor , și problemele sociale, prin crearea unor subclase sociale fără drepturi, ca de exemplu în Australia, unde copiii născuți din părinți străini trebuie să aștepte 10 ani înainte de a fi considerați egali în fața legii cu ceilalți.

Situații intermediare între Dreptul pământean și Dreptul strămoșesc

Diferite țări acordă dreptul pământean copiilor, în condițiile când :
 cel puțin unul din părinți este cetățean al statului în cauză, înainte de nașterea copilului ;
 părinții, străini fiind, locuiesc legal și permanent pe teritoriul statului la nașterea copilului ;
 copilul este abandonat și găsit pe teritoriul statului respectiv.
Scopul principal al acestor dispoziții este limitarea sau prevenirea imigrației părinților în speranța obținerii cetățeniei statului respectiv pentru copilul lor.

Specificități ale legislațiilor naționale

Dreptul pământean este răspândit mai ales în țările industrializate, ce doresc să-și mărească numărul de cetățeni, precum și în țările din emisfera vestică, care caută să-și mărească numărul populației în condițiile în care aceasta descrește, sau crește insuficient. Acest lucru se regăsește și în unele state în curs de dezvoltare, în special în Pakistan.

Statele care practică dreptul pământean sunt :

 Antigua și Barbuda
 Argentina
 Barbados
 Belize
 Bolivia
 Brazilia
 Canada
 Chile (copii străinilor în tranziție sau ai diplomaților străini doar prin cerere)
 Columbia
 Dominica
 Republica Dominicană
 Ecuador
 El Salvador
 Fiji
 Grenada
 Guatemala
 Guyana
 Honduras
 Jamaica
 Lesotho
 Mexic
 Nicaragua
 Pakistan
 Panama
 Paraguay
 Peru
 România
 Saint Kitts și Nevis
 Saint Lucia
 Saint Vincent și Grenadines
 Trinidad și Tobago
 Statele Unite ale Americii
 Uruguay
 Venezuela

Renunțări la dreptul pământean

Unele țări care adoptaseră la un moment dat dreptul pământean, au hotărât să-l respingă complet, oferind cetățenia doar copiilor născuți în acea țară cu condiția ca măcar unul din părinți să fie cetățean al țării. Exemple:

 India la 1 iulie 1987
 Malta la 1 august 1989.

Implicații în România și țările vecine
Cercetătorii din științele umane nu confundă Dreptul pământean (jus soli care definește națiunile politice) cu Dreptul strămoșesc (jus sanguinis care definește comunitățile istorico-lingvistice), și folosesc substantive comune :
 cu minusculă pentru a desemna națiunile politice (cetățeniile : români, elvețieni, moldoveni...),
 cu minusculă și cu sufixul -foni (românofoni, anglofoni, italofoni...) pentru a desemna comunitățile istorico-lingvistice,
...folosirea substantivelor proprii (Scoțieni, Corsicani, Moldoveni, Lipoveni, Găgăuzi, Romi...) fiind rezervată comunităților istorico-etnice care nu constituie nici un ansamblu lingvistic în sine, nici o națiune politică, ci sunt definite prin o istorie comună sau o apartenență geografică anume.

Astfel, deosebind Dreptul pământean de Dreptul strămoșesc, cercetătorii din științele umane pot spune că există 22,5 milioane de români (cetățeni ai României, nu toți românofoni) și aproximativ 23 milioane de românofoni (vorbitori ai limbii române, nu toți cetățeni români), iar când vorbesc de Ardeleni, Moldoveni sau Munteni, sau de Daco-Români, se referă la o apartenență geografică și istorică comună.

Amestecând intențional Dreptul pământean cu Dreptul strămoșesc, regimul comunist a legat (dar nu peste tot) definirea minorităților de apartenența politică. Astfel, în R.S.F.Iugoslavia și în R.P.Bulgaria s-a folosit cuvântul vlah nu numai pentru Istro-români, Aromâni sau Megleno-români, ci și pentru a deosebi Daco-românii de acolo (în Banatul sârbesc și de-a lungul Dunării) de cei din România. Această strategie este denumită vlahism. Sub denumirea de moldovenism, este folosită și în Basarabia și Transnistria, unde se folosește cuvântul Moldoveni pentru a-i deosebi pe românofonii de acolo, de cei din România (fără să existe vreun acord dacă Moldovenii dintre Carpați și Prut sunt "deosebiți" de ceilalți români, sau sunt "români deosebiți de moldovenii din Republica Moldova"). Naționalismul șovin și antiromânesc din aceste țări, folosește faptul că vorbitorii limbii daco-române dinafara României nu aparțin națiunii politice române (adică nu posedă cetățenia română) pentru a implementa ideea (atât la oamenii locului, cât și în opinia internațională) că nu ar aparține nici neamului (etniei și sferei culturale și istorice) românesc, mergându-se până la negarea faptului că au aceleași origini și că vorbesc aceeași limbă..

Vezi și
 Identitate națională
 Naționalism
 Patriotism
 Drept
 Cetățenie
 Dreptul strămoșesc

Note

Drept constituțional

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Conference on "Xenophobia, Racism and Populist Nationalism in the context of Global Migration"
Wies Schuiringa, New South Wales Regional Meeting
Wies meets Pope Francis
The conference was organised by the World Council of Churches, Geneva (WCC) and the Vatican City Department for Promoting Integral Human Development and the Department for Promoting Christian Unity, and was Held in Rome, 18 – 20 September 2018. Wies took part as Vice-President of the NSW Ecumenical Council, and as a member of the Religious Society of Friends, Quakers.
About 200 representatives from all continents, different Christian denominations, lay and religious vocations, senior religious leaders, front line workers and academics met for two long days to listen to almost 40 speakers who all approached the conference topic from their perspective: theological and biblical, political, socio-historical and cultural, non-Christian faith traditions, UNHCR, UNICEF, Council of Europe, media from different continents, and front-line refugee support services.
From this wide variety of perspectives, common ground was found immediately and our different denominations, regional areas, spoken language and organisational positions fell away. The emphasis was on human rights which were expressed by representatives from Christian churches, other faith traditions and speakers from secular organisations.
"…. the common basis for our reflections is the conviction that all human beings are equal in dignity and rights and equally to be respected and protected, and as a consequence we are called by God to resist evil, to act justly, and pursue peace to transform the world."
"Recent drivers of forced displacement and migration have included unresolved brutal conflicts and the lingering consequences of global economic crisis and austerity policies, as well as other root causes such as extreme poverty, food insecurity, lack of opportunity, and insecurity. The advancing impacts of climate change will likely add significantly to the drivers of displacement."
In Australia we distinguish between migrants and refugees. At the conference this distinction seemed not significant as people spoke from their experience e.g. two million refugees/ migrants from other African countries in Libya hoping to cross the Mediterranean, Filipino workers in many countries, Venezuelans fleeing their bankrupt country.
"Xenophobia, which primarily means 'fear of the foreigner', is expressed by an attitude that excludes and confines the other in their predicament and by forms and structures of indifference and rejection, … It is therefore necessary to address the fear of the other and to challenge the exclusion and marginalization of migrants and refugees. This fear can reveal a complex personal or collective relationship with the past, the present or the future, and expresses the anxiety of losing one's identity, security, possessions and power in confronting the challenges of life and the future."
"We recognize that the concerns of many individuals and communities who feel threatened by migrants – whether for security, economic or cultural identity reasons – have to be acknowledged and examined. We wish to be in genuine dialogue with all those who hold such concerns. But based upon the principles of our Christian faith and the example of Jesus Christ, we seek to raise a narrative of love and of hope, against the populist narrative of hate and of fear."
"Good cooperation between faith communities, civil society actors, academics, economic and political actors is essential in the fight against xenophobia and racism."
The full statement from the conference can be found here.
A more personal reflection:
The attendees were invited by the WCC or the Vatican and were a self-selected group of Christians who have a concern for the plight of people who leave their home country or region because of civil war, entrenched poverty and inability to make a living locally, or endemic corruption, and who have chosen not to participate in local warfare or corruption to survive. Most of these people do not have the luxury of being assessed by the UNHCR as a refugee, and if they did would wait for many years in refugee camps that have their own levels of violence and deprivations. If they are "economic migrants", then that is to send money home to lift their family out of poverty.
There was not an attendance list to get an overview of the attendees. My estimate was that about 60% were from Europe, 20% North America, 10% Asia and the other 10% from South America, Middle East, one person from New Zealand and I was the only Australian. Perhaps 60% of attendees were catholic and 40% protestant with the majority Lutheran. About 60% of presentations were in English. The organisations that the attendees came from were not always informative e.g. University of Miami: a Law professor, specialising in migration law, devout catholic, originally from Albania.
The conference had simultaneous translation into English, Italian, French and Spanish. When a non-English presenter started, all the English speakers put their headphones on and tuned into the English translation channel. The same for the other languages. The translators could not always keep up as it seemed that the non-English speakers said a lot more words than were translated.
The presentations on xenophobia, the "fear of the foreigner" were good and outlined fear by the people in the receiving country of losing control of their identity and economic opportunities and fears of crime waves, fuelled by hate speech and false news by media, online forums and politicians perpetuating stereotypes e.g. these are not "real" refugees or people in need. Factual counter-narratives may not have much impact on fear and it might be better to focus on building relationships at a local level, narratives of hope and the local people realising their blessings. The churches are not always helpful in communicating values and integration; it might be more effective to work with local government.
The African representatives spoke about the aftermath of colonisation causing many millions of Africans to move to other parts of their country or to other African countries to seek safety and a basic living for themselves and their family. It was mentioned that there is a lot of local racism and discrimination between different tribes and nationalities. A black, female pastor from southern USA and active in the Black Lives Matter movement gave a fiery talk about racism and discrimination. The representative from the Council of Churches in the Middle East spoke about the millions of displaced people from the ongoing war who are languishing in refugee camps or living in sub-standard conditions somewhere in the Middle East, waiting to go home.
I spoke with several priests from Asia about the global military industrial complex needing wars to continue and the resulting flow of refugees. These priests were much in agreement, and then I realised that they all belonged to Pax Christi. The general secretary of the WCC is also very aware of the duplicity of many Western countries whose economies rely on the manufacturing and trade of weapons, also in his own country Norway. There was little opportunity to speak about climate change, necessitating peoples to move. As the attendees were well informed, I think that they were across this.
The second reading of the conference statement received a standing ovation and was accepted.
Not your usual Meeting House. Cardinal Turkson presents an overview of the conference findings before Pope Francis in the Vatican
On the last morning, all 200 of us went by bus to the Vatican for an audience with Pope Francis. Getting to the audience room was a bit like a scene from the Da Vinci Code, the only thing missing was the spooky music. It was a rainy, grey day, we walked through large cobble stoned courtyards with high walls of buildings with curtained windows, under large stone archways, around corners, along walkways with Swiss guards standing in front of some large doors or in archways. Then we arrived at wide, long, white marble staircases with polished brass handrails and after a few more turns arrived in an ornately painted room where our chairs were set out in rows. We were told not to take selfies with the Pope. When Pope Francis arrived, everybody jumped to their feet and applauded loudly and took photos on their mobiles above their heads, not the silence of a spiritual gathering that Quakers would have maintained. The cardinal who was assigned to the conference gave a short report in Italian, the general secretary of the WCC gave a short report and then Pope Francis responded in Italian. He then said that he would not give us a speech but meet us individually. We filed to shake hands with him, about 10 seconds each. The Pope, in his eighties did not seem to tire and interacted encouragingly with each person. The Vatican issued its own statement about the conference the next day, confirming the conference outcome. On our walk back to our buses, one of the African representatives showed us the Ethiopian chapel that is used by Ethiopian Catholics visiting the Vatican. There are many such chapels on the grounds of the Vatican. Then I saw some of the 2000 solar panels on roofs of Vatican buildings and got my photo.
The conference was held at a large hotel with extensive conference facilities about 20 minutes' drive from the Vatican. Conference attendance, meals and the stay at the hotel were paid for by the organisers. Wies travelled at her own expense to Rome.
Sally Anne O'Wheel	on 19/12/2018 at 3:17 pm
What an interesting conference. I loved your story about meeting the pope and the scene with mobile phones. Reading this, it makes the Australian Government's attitudes to refugees so much more irrational, cruel and fearful. They play so hard to that Xenophobic fear of the other and promote that idea that some people are not 'real' refugees. It is interesting too that 'factual counter narratives' are seen as not very effective. It is pointless to engage in the right wing trolls on Facebook, for example. Thank you for going to this and sharing it with us.
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It's not your fault. If someone starts to pick on you, or comment mean things on your images, know that it is not your fault.
If this happens to you, and someone seems to be picking on you, or is being hateful, do not respond. Let them comment, and make sure you step away and don't retaliate.
Save the evidence. The internet has a great memory. Make sure that you save what was being commented and if it is something that is a threat to you/puts you in harm's way, be sure to tell someone- the authorities, a teacher, a parent, etc.
Protect your accounts. If you notice that one person seems to be persistent in spreading negativity across your social media forums, delete or block them from your social media profiles. When there is negativity, eliminate it.
If you know someone else is being cyberbullied, share this information with them.


text:
Subscribing to Edge
Library Profiles
Plano Public Library System
Plano Public Library System: Edge Highlights Need for Assistive Technology at Plano Public Library System
Peer Group: #6 - Pop. 175,001-300,000
Key Outcome Areas: Education,	Funding Opportunities,	Health and Safety,	Strategic Partnerships,	Workforce and Economic Development
"Libraries should look at Edge as an opportunity to assess their services, what they can and can't provide, and then prioritize their resources."
Brent Bloechle, Library Manager
According to a study conducted by the iSchool at the University of Washington, only 17% of libraries nationwide that completed the Edge Assessment provide basic assistive technology to patrons with visual, motor, or dexterity impairments. This impacts multiple user demographics, including both the disabled and the elderly. Almost half of Edge libraries report that they would like to change this, but do not have the resources to do so. Using Edge Recommendations and Resources, Plano Public Library System was able to address this important community priority.
After completing the Edge Assessment and reviewing the Edge Peer Comparison Reports, Library Manager, Brent Bloechle, noticed Plano's results for assistive technology were low even compared to other libraries serving similar populations.
"This really opened up our outlook on a whole range of services and how we are addressing a range of community needs," said Bloechle.
According to their website, the mission of the Plano Public Library System is to provide a "welcoming, supportive environment for engaging our community, enriching lives, and educating minds." To deliver on this mission, the Plano Public Library System knew changes needed to be made.
Utilizing information and data from the Edge Assessment, the Library Director, Cathy Ziegler, prepared to share the information at the annual budget meeting with city leadership. She explained how important it is for the library to offer assistive technologies to better serve the entire community.
"We used our Edge results as an evaluation factor when discussing our performance in meeting the needs of the community," said Bloechle. "We were able to look at a nationwide view of our progress related to assistive technology."
After presenting the results of the Edge Assessment, both the City Manager and Assistant City Manager supported improving assistive technology and provided a $50,000 supplement to help the library's efforts. The Plano Public Library System also received a $5,000 grant for this project from the Texas State Library and Archives Commission(TSLAC) for the purchase of software and computer peripherals.
Some of the outcomes from this additional support included keyboards with larger keys and high contrast lettering, oversized trackball mouse options, height adjusting tables, a magnification and screen reading program called ZoomText, and dedicated computers to house the new equipment and software.
While Edge was the catalyst for the library to improve assistive technology, it also surfaced the need for improved bandwidth and assistance to jobseekers with creating electronic resumes.
"It created conversation," said Bloechle. "We looked at the score for a baseline, but our approach was 'Are these the services we want to offer?' It made us think about all public services related to technology and what worked."
Edge is available to all public libraries in Texas through the purchase of a statewide subscription by TSLAC. Through the TSLAC subscription, Plano Public Library System took the Edge Assessment a second time and received comparative results between their first and second assessments.
"It helps us to gauge where we are and where we progressed. Our score increased," said Bloechle. "It's always something to look at as our community evolves and we decide what we should change to address the needs in the community. Edge is a valuable tool for assessment, enhancing conversations and discussions regarding services offered to the community"
In addition to improved assistive technology, Edge triggered other important outcomes including:
Increased partnerships with local organizations, including a community college to help with workforce education
Family Place Libraries – library-based programs to help parents prepare their pre-kindergarten children for school
Connections within city departments on activities such as outreach and education
Thanks to Edge, Plano Public Library System continues to achieve its vision of "being a dynamic community partner relevant and vital to the diverse neighborhoods we serve. We are a destination that facilitates learning and offers cultural and recreational experiences to enhance the quality of life."
"For the most part you have to evaluate where you place your resources and what works best for your community," said Bloechle. "What you really want to know is what you can provide to your community and what your community needs."
Email: info@libraryedge.org
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©2020 Urban Libraries Council
Edge is led by the Urban Libraries Council


With more medications and miracle products available than ever before, people who suffer with hair loss are undergoing everything from hormone therapy and medications to hair transplant in New Jersey. Some hair regrowth treatments seem to work well, and others are simply a disappointing waste of money. Losing one's hair can be traumatic, so many people will seek hair restoration at any cost. The trend toward natural options is growing, however. Let's compare two common choices.
What's the problem with hair loss medications?
It's no wonder that people search for natural hair restoration solutions more often today, hoping to safely and permanently restore their hair, without the risks that medications can bring. In New Jersey, hair transplant surgery has advanced to become the more effective and natural-looking option for real hair growth. Expensive pills, topical treatments, and hair pieces add up in cost and none of them come close to the look and feel of real, growing hair.
Doesn't Surgery Require a Long Recovery Time and Scars?
It was true in decades past that a hair transplant surgery would likely leave you with a significant donor scar, unnatural "plug" looking hair grafts and a long recovery. The technology has advanced beautifully in the world of hair transplants. Years of medical research and innovation have resulted in today's FUE, which stands for follicular unit extraction. This modern approach does away with the need for a linear scar and uses a hand-held device to extract tiny cylinders of scalp tissue along with single or multiple hairs. They are then carefully placed in micro-slits created by the surgeon and designed to mimic the angle and density of real hair at various locations of the scalp.
Scarring with the new FUE method of hair transplant in New Jersey is minimal and most patients can even wear their hair short if they choose to after. The results are so natural, no one will guess you've had a hair restoration procedure. There are no drugs to take so your results don't come at a cost to your health either.
To learn more, schedule a consultation with a board-certified hair transplant surgeon and share your goals for your hair.


At DEPS we aim to provide a vast selection of PVC Pipes & components for any job you have to tackle. From Storm Water pipes to recycled and poly pipes there's a PVC pipe at DEPS to suit almost any job.
It stands for Plastic Vinyl Chloride; this is a common thermoplastic resin that is extruded into pipe and many other products.
UPVC stands for – Unplasticised Poly Vinyl Chloride.
What is the difference between UPVC and MPVC?
MPVC was designed so that the wall thickness could be made smaller thus saving on materials, but still meeting all specifications.
Can I use MPVC in my water Bore?
No – the MPVC pipe is manufactured with a much thinner wall thickness than UPVC so it's collapse pressure is too low to withstand the ground or grouting pressure. Many Councils and water authorities have banned this pipe from being used in bores.
What sizes does PVC come in?
12mm to 450mm. There are many sizes in between but some sizes are not standard and will only be manufactured for sufficient quantities.
What classes does PVC get manufactured in?
PVC pipe is made in many different wall thicknesses and this is stated as "Class".
Class 4.5 this is the thinnest, Class 6, Class 9, Class 12 and Class18 are the highest pressure pipes.
My bore has hot water can I still use PVC bore casing?
PVC pipe can handle temperatures up to 60˚C, but at this temperature the pressure it can handle deteriorates. The standard rating is 20˚C.
Can I use HDPE as bore casing as it is cheaper?
The main reason for not using poly pipe as bore casing is the density of the pipe is lighter than water, so therefore it floats. It is very rarely used as Bore casing, PVC is a better choice where possible.
What is the life of PVC?
In the right conditions 100 years can be expected, but if in the direct sunlight then it will deteriorate much quicker.


Plastic cases are an ideal and economical solution for promotional packaging, product presentation and sample cases.
Manufactured from environmentally friendly polyproplene, our plastic cases are strong, lightweight and durable. Available in a variety of colours, plastic cases can also be screen-printed with your company's logo – great for reflecting your corporate image or brand.
Plastic cases can be further customised by adding a bespoke foam insert to the interior of the case, ideal for both presentation and protection. Foam is also available in a variety of colours and our CNC routing machine can machine cavities of any shape and size, keeping your products secure and well presented.


This past Labor Day the Upper Sangamon River Conservancy hosted a group of river lovers on one of my personal favorite float trip routes. Like most of the USRC's trips, this one was open for all with canoes and kayaks provided free of charge to any participant, first come, first served.
We put in at the historic Hazen Bridge in rural Champaign County where County Road 2600N crosses the Sangamon River and ended 5 1/2 miles downriver at Champaign County's Lake of the Woods Forest Preserve.
The Sangamon's depth at the Fisher NOAA river gage registered 4.5 feet, which is really lower than I would recommend for this route. But the weather was warm so we decided to go ahead.
By 10 am, 23 river lovers set out from the Hazen Bridge. Only a few hundred yards downriver from the Hazen Bridge, the river became criss-crossed with deadfall. We slogged over, under and through with everyone chipping in to maneuver the boats through. Nonetheless, our group remained enthusiastic as we paddled on, winding through the bottomland forests of Central Illinois.
Here, paddlers find a relatively small and intimate river. Averaging about 50 feet wide, the Sangamon flows quietly under a thick canopy of sycamores, elms, silver maples, hawthorne, black walnut and many more. The river presents opportunities to spot whitetail deer, barred and great horned owls, muskrat, and possibly a beaver or a river otter. The USRC frequently checks this area for mussel populations, finding very healthy mussel populations and a wide variety of species.
At any time, fallen trees present river-borne obstacles that challenge paddlers and due to the low water, this trip offered many more than usual. Near the halfway point, I provided a most-welcome brief respite with an iced-down cooler full of all types of beverages waiting on a sandbar where the Sangamon passes by my backyard.
The Sangamon River flows about 1.5 miles per hour in this area, so depending on one's inclination for paddling, this 5 ½ mile trip normally takes 3 to 4 hours. This day, it took us more than 6 hours. In the end, even though our group was tired after a day on a low water river, the weather was ideal and they were still smiling and enjoyed their outdoor experience on the Sangamon River.
Overall, this is a highly recommended trip but for better enjoyment, look for river depths at the Fisher Gage in the 5 ½ to 6 foot range, but below 10 feet (flood stage). Both put-in and take out are easy to find on maps (sangamonriver.org/sangamon-river-map-with-access-points/), with parking at the Hazen Bridge limited, but possible off the road on the west side of the new bridge. The path to the river is just to the right of the old bridge. At Lake of the Woods, a nice parking area beside the river can be found at the end of the road leading to the Izaak Walton cabin. While there is no developed landing here (yet), taking out there is about as good as most spots along the river, with nice trails and convenient public access with nearby parking.
So set on the Sangamon River yourself or join us soon! For more information on upcoming activities in the watershed, including USRC trips, visit sangamonriveralliance.org/events.