text:
It's my favourite time of year, when big chunks of manuscript get hurled my way by authors who are presumably sick to death of the album they've been writing about for the last several months. But to me it's all fresh, often the first actual writing I've seen since the original proposal, ages ago. These are still (mostly) works in progress, but it's fun to share them on-line like this. And they'll soon find their way (in expanded form) into our Spring 2006 Sampler book, the colour of which we will spend many happy hours debating here at Continuum HQ. (I'm voting for blue.) On that note, here's a fragment of Ben Sisario's book about the Pixies:
The springtime air is moist and pure along the byways of western Oregon, with gentle rains giving way a couple times a day to a cleansing sunshine. The Willamette River valley gets so much rainfall, in fact, that all the suburban yards and gardens nearby burst with flora in impossible pinks, purples, fuchsias -- all the colors of a makeup kit. That means they burst with pollen, too, and Charles Thompson says the area was known by the Indians as the "valley of sickness." Could have been a Pixies song.
Driving out of Eugene in his Cadillac, with my tape recorder rolling by his side, Thompson keeps his eyes straight on the road as I begin my interrogation. Which of the songs were written first? When did you record the slow version of "Wave of Mutilation"? Why save the UFO songs for the B-sides? Before long a strip mall appears on the other side of the road, and glancing over at it Thompson says, "You know, you probably don't have to sit down and listen to it, but we should probably go pick up a copy of Doolittle." But surely that's not necessary, I say. I have a copy right here in my --
Too late. We're in the record store, one of those unnecessarily spacious pseudo-Sam Goodys that seems to stock more video games and CD storage wallets than actual CDs. Thompson goes straight to the P section and pulls out Doolittle and the Pixies' Complete 'B' Sides, explaining that for the upcoming leg of the reunion tour, some concerts have been billed as B-sides and rarities shows, and he needs to bone up. He scans the racks and makes two more quick grabs, an Iggy Pop album and Leonard Cohen's I'm Your Man. At the register, he hands the discs and his credit card to a sandy-haired indie girl who looks about twenty. She clearly doesn't recognize him, nor the name on the card. The incident is uncomfortably familiar: the same thing happened a year before while Thompson was in Portland with a writer from GQ. I wonder if he is deliberately showing off his anonymity.
Back in the car he tears the plastic wrapping off Doolittle and slides it into the stereo. The machine bleeps rapidly as he flips through the tracks. Landing on "Hey," he nods deeply and says, "That's a big one. That one is the sleeper song. Over the years I've discovered that people love that song. They love that song." He sounds almost confused.
Though it comes near the end of the album, "Hey" is an arresting midpoint. Everything drops out as Black Francis, naked and vulnerable, cries out -- "Hey!" He waits a brief eternity for an F-sharp on the bass and then continues: "Been trying to meet you/Mm-mm-mm-mm-mm." For a moment it's a poetry slam, with a why-am-I-so-shy-around-girls lyric, a walking bassline, and a delicate guitar lick that sounds like a two-second sample of Steve Cropper circa 1965. But all too quickly the song turns into a frightened, paranoid rant. "Must be a devil between us," he sings, "Or whores in my head/Whores at the door/Whore in my bed." All around him "the whores like a choir" writhe and grunt in a grotesque chain that stretches from the conjugal bed to the maternity ward. It's the Violent Femmes' "why can't I get just one fuck" recast as a Danteic scene of never-ending agony and lust.
"People are clapping along, they just love that song," Thompson says. " 'Whore in my head, whore in my bed.' What the fuck? Don't you guys find any of this a little abrasive or something?" I offer him my interpretation, a psychological profile of the narrator: sexually inexperienced and fearful, he yearns for what he also finds threatening and repellant, the thought of bodies copulating wantonly. Thompson entertains this "armchair analysis," but he's not totally buying it. "If that is a right-on analysis," he says, "then you're probably going to have to get at it by talking to other people, because if that is correct, you're not going to bring it out of me. I wouldn't intellectually arrive at the same conclusion. I'm more like, I don't know what it means." He says that in part it may be about his father and his mother, though he does not elaborate.
Then it hits him. "There's something to be said for how it's all about sex and death, or whatever. Maybe that's why people like the Pixies. Because even if they don't get it, they pick up on the sex and death vibrations. They relate to that. They go, 'Yeah, sure, I know what you mean, dude.' But I think they do, actually. They're kind of on the same page, even if they don't totally get what you're saying. I would say that because, maybe at some point I should return to it. For whatever reason, whether you don't want to become a parody of yourself, or because you run out of steam, or because you can only take it for so long."
"But whatever it is," he continues, "I think my sex and death vibrations were strong when I was with the Pixies, and it was a good thing. And they were real sex and death vibrations. They were maybe a little bit put on, a little bit of pretension. But it wasn't fake."
Posted by David at 3:28 PM
This could end being my favorite book of the series...when does it come out?
Should be out in late March or early April.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Keeping the £ local
Fighting - the fun (and legal) way
Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is one of the fastest growing sports in the world. And here in Shropshire we already have a range of martial arts clubs to choose from that cater for MMA competition. From Oswestry Freefighters to Bai Lang in Telford and now there's a new MMA club right here in Shrewsbury!
Spartan MMA is the brainchild of MMA competitors Andy Molyneux and Doug Wildman. Both well-known on the Shropshire martial arts scene, they set Spartan up whilst preparing for representing England at the 2009 MMA European Championships. Yes, they are very busy men!
With a 'no ego' and 'no politics' policy, 41 people turned up for the very first Spartan MMA class on July 6th! Held in the London Road Sports Centre, Andy and Doug taught a number of drills and techniques, taking the best from Muay Thai, Jiu Jitsu, Kickboxing and Submission Grappling. It's all good fun and great for fitness and self defence. So you don't have to enter cage fights or anything like that! But for those wishing to compete, Spartan MMA do have specific Team Spartn training too.
If you're aged 16+ and fancy giving it a go, why not call Andy and Doug? Students train to their own abilities and limits and it's all friendly, good fun. Shrewsbury MMA classes are Monday and Friday 8pm to 9pm. Spartan MMA works closely with Oswestry Freefighters, with both students and instructors crossing both.


here may not be an 'I' in team, but there must be a number three in their somewhere — the cooperative approach to problem solving by three digital-solutions industry leaders proves it. Since 2014, Simplestream, a leading provider of video services for the media and entertainment industry, has been working with the experts at digital video solutions provider Garland and multi-screen encoder/transcoder provider Media Excel to expand their offerings to their customers.
Simplestream provides OTT Live and VoD streaming solutions, including fully automated catch-up services for desktop, mobile, tablet and TV. They have a diverse customer base, which includes shopping channels, horse racing, gaming, sport, news and entertainment. Ever the innovator, at IBC 2017 in Amsterdam running from 15-19 September, they will be unveiling their enhanced suite of modular cloud-based solutions, including the official launch of "VOD-in-a-Box", Network PVR and enhanced live video editor (you can find them on stand #14.D11).
Media Excel's product line has been developed in line with the needs of Simplestream's customers and their own white label live, on demand and catch-up offering. Earlier this year, Garland supplied Simplestream with Media Excel HERO 1RU platforms with the HERO Management System running in the cloud. Each HERO is running five services that are encoded in adaptive bitrates and in multiple formats.
In turn, Simplestream was able to assist urban music and entertainment company, Trace, in building its new SVoD, live TV and radio offering called TracePlay. In less than 12 week, Simplestream had completed the project, which includes content ingest, transcoding and service management.
Trace, based in Paris, offers direct and live access to 10 music and sports TV channels, 31 FM and digital urban music radio stations, and a selection of urban TV series, films and documentaries. Its audience spawns across 80 countries — from Africa to Europe, the United States, the Caribbean and Indian Ocean — and is scheduled to expand to 200 countries.


Watch our webinar below on the the plant-based expression of therapeutic antibodies, or read our article here.
We are investigating the potential use of plant-based expression to develop enzyme replacement therapies for a number of rare metabolic disorders. Check out our poster below to find out more.
Our Hypertrans system can be used to produce Virus-Like Particles for vaccines against infectious diseases such as Polio. Read through our articles below for more information.


BAE Systems has received an order to provide 18 additional M777 155mm Ultra Lightweight Howitzers to the US Army under a new contract from the US Department of Defense (DoD).
The M777 Ultra Lightweight Howitzer has become the benchmark for 155mm lightweight towed artillery systems, delivering artillery capability in the most hostile environments with tactical and strategic mobility.
The gun was initially developed for the Army and Marine Corps in the early 2000s. Later its users expanded to include a total combined international and US domestic orders exceeding 1,200 guns.


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Home » Entertainment » King Charles III's First Christmas Address Will Have Special Significance for This Reason
King Charles III's First Christmas Address Will Have Special Significance for This Reason
This year's Christmas will be a very special one for members of the royal family. It's the first holiday the House of Windsor will celebrate without their matriarch, Queen Elizabeth II. The family will undoubtedly commemorate the occasion by remembering Christmases past with the queen, and King Charles III's first Christmas address will be the perfect opportunity to pay tribute to the long-reigning monarch. King Charles' address will air on TV in the United Kingdom tomorrow, and the site of the pre-taped message adds special significance to the occasion.
In a Twitter thread from the official account of The Royal Family, the history of the Christmas address, which dates back to the early 1930s, was chronicled in a series of photographs and facts. Among them was the reveal of the site for this year's address. "This year's broadcast was filmed in St. George's Chapel in Windsor — a place which has unique Royal associations," the tweet read. "Royal weddings and funerals have taken place here, most recently The Committal Service for Queen Elizabeth II in September."
As tomorrow marks King Charles' inaugural Christmas Day address as monarch, we'd like to think there was a lot of thought put into the site of the broadcast. While the hallowed space has held a number of royal occasions, Queen Elizabeth's memorial service is the most recent for members of the royal family. It will surely add further significance when audiences watch King Charles give his Christmas Day message.
There's already plenty of speculation that the monarch will reflect on his mother's legacy in the address. A few prominent members of the royal family have already paid homage to the late sovereign in their own unique ways. For King Charles, having his first Christmas address at the same site where his mother's life and legacy was celebrated will surely make the day all the more special.
Before you go, click here to see the British royal family's Christmas cards through the years.
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When may a veterinarian refuse to treat your pet? – Part 2
September 04, 2010 (Original publish date) • By Dennis Beaver
Last week we began our look into the bizarre situation surrounding a visit to an emergency animal hospital this past July by readers whose German shepherd (Beemer) had just been hit by a car, the accident witnessed by its owner (Jim.) But instead of their dog receiving treatment, after it was given a morphine injection, they were ordered to leave the hospital and go elsewhere. Jim is a police officer who maintained that he did nothing wrong, and the actions of the hospital staff and on-duty vet were completely unjustified.
But there are always two sides to most stories. Jim at first refused to give permission for You and the Law to discuss the incident with the hospital – then stated in writing that it would be OK – and then withdrew that permission. In spite of that, we were able to obtain a far more balanced view of what happened that night. More on those specifics in a moment.
As we discussed last week, there are significant differences in legal obligations where animals and humans are concerned. There are times when a vet or an animal hospital may indeed refuse to treat, but if the patient were human, there would be a duty to provide care.
Reasons why the vet will not treat
"Much like human medicine, there needs to be trust on both sides when the consumer first brings their animal in to see the vet. It's not a legal relationship at that stage, so much as a trust relationship – the client trusting the veterinarian to take care of their pet and the veterinarian trusting the client to provide accurate health information and trusting the recommendations and treatment of their pet," commented Susan Geranen, Executive Officer with the California Veterinary Medical Board.
"Veterinarians may legally refuse to treat, where they do not like the pet owner, feel ill at ease in the owner's presence or are concerned for their own physical safety or the safety of their staff. In human medicine, you are dealing with the patient directly. In veterinary medicine, the patient is the animal. It is the owner who speaks for the animal. There absolutely has to be trust on both sides."
In a true emergency, must the vet treat an injured animal?
What led to Jim's contacting You and the Law was his outrage that Beemer was given a morphine shot and then they were all sent away. Even though the dog's situation was not worsened by the delay in getting to another hospital, Jim still wants to do what he can to "have the vet's license revoked, because they denied my poor dog appropriate care."
"It is understandable how someone could be so upset if it's a human hospital, where there is generally a legal obligation of treating a true emergency. But it is different with an animal hospital. The difference is that there is no legal obligation to treat. Animals in all states are considered as property. Humans are humans with a much higher legal standard of care at medical facilities," Geranen points out.
"Yet, most vets will try to treat an injured animal, but this is obviously conditional on being able to work with the owner. If an owner becomes loud or disruptive, this may not just make it difficult, but impossible. Where there is reasonable fear of physical injury to staff members from an owner who appears out of control – possibly under the influence of some substance – the vet is facing a conflict that could make it necessary to refuse treatment or even call the authorities," she maintains.
"The fact that no harm came to the patient is important, especially where the original doctor did a visual assessment and determined that the animal could be transferred with pain mediation only," she points out.
The hospital's position
The hospital had every right to discuss non-treatment issues – what the staff observed. Paraphrasing what I was told, "His behavior was demanding, argumentative and frightening. He actually challenged the doctor to a fight!"
"We were seconds away from calling 911 when they all left. Human vomit was found in the exam room, consistent with extreme intoxication."
During my chat with Jim, something which might partially have explained his actions became clear. He was carrying a far greater burden of guilt than he seemed aware of. For, literally in an instant, that July evening, what had been happy moments for a dog and its master – out playing in their front yard – turned to tragedy. If ever there was a time to keep Beemer leashed, this was it, but nothing ever happened before, so why leash him now?
Why, indeed..
When may a veterinarian refuse to treat your pet?
What pet owners need to know when they visit the vet
When lawyers refuse to pay doctor's bill
What your veterinarian wants you to know


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Q: How to make first and last letters capital in a word (therefore multiple strings) php What I am currently trying to accomplish is to make the first and last letters of a word(s) uppercase.
Currently this is my function:
function ManipulateStr($input){
    return strrev(ucwords(strrev($input)));
}

However this only changes the last letter of every word to uppercase, now I'm trying to wrap my mind around how to also get the first letter of every word capitalized.
An example:

input: hello my friends
output: HellO MY FriendS

Perhaps I will have to use a substr? But how would that work seeing as I want this to be applicable to either multiple words or a single word?

A: For the first time make your string all lower case by using strtolower and then use the function ucwords to capitalize the first character then use strrev again and apply ucwords for capitalize other first characters.
then finally use the strrev for get back the original string with first and last character capitalized.
Updated Function
function ManipulateStr($input){
    return strrev(ucwords(strrev(ucwords(strtolower($input)))));
}

A: If you are looking for a surprisingly faster function (~20% faster) than Frayne provided then try this:
function ManipulateStr($input)
{
    return implode(
        ' ', // Re-join string with spaces
        array_map(
            function($v)
            {
                // UC the first and last chars and concat onto middle of string
                return strtoupper(substr($v, 0, 1)).
                       substr($v, 1, (strlen($v) - 2)).
                       strtoupper(substr($v, -1, 1));
            },
            // Split the input in spaces
            // Map to anonymous function for UC'ing each word
            explode(' ', $input)
        )
    );

    // If you want the middle part to be lower-case then use this
    return implode(
        ' ', // Re-join string with spaces
        array_map(
            function($v)
            {
                // UC the first and last chars and concat onto LC'ed middle of string
                return strtoupper(substr($v, 0, 1)).
                       strtolower(substr($v, 1, (strlen($v) - 2))).
                       strtoupper(substr($v, -1, 1));
            },
            // Split the input in spaces
            // Map to anonymous function for UC'ing each word
            explode(' ', $input)
        )
    );
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Current: Iran Ignores Israel's Warnings
Iran Ignores Israel's Warnings
Brig.-Gen. (ret.) Dr. Shimon Shapira, December 28, 2017
Brig.-Gen. (ret.) Dr. Shimon Shapira
Filed under: Iran, Israel, Israeli Security, Lebanon, Syria, The Middle East
Hamza Abu Abbas, Qais al-Khazali
Iran continues to dispatch commanders and fighters from the Shiite Foreign Legion stationed in Syria to southern Lebanon.1 Recently, Hamza Abu Abbas, "the Syrian," toured the border with Israel. Abu Abbas is the commander of the Iraqi "Al-Bakr Brigade" stationed in Syria as part of the Shiite Foreign Legion. During his visit, he declared on the group's Facebook page, "Let Israel know that we are present on its borders and the day will come when we will break them."2
Hamza Abu Abbas, the Syrian commander of the Iraqi Al-Bakr Brigade stationed in Syria, standing near the border with Israel.3
It was reported that Abu Abbas' visit was part of a series of visits by commanders from the Iraqi Shi'ite militias, with future visits planned for commanders coming from the Yemeni Houthi militia, as well as from the Pakistani Fatimid and Afghani Abul Fadl al-Abbas contingents stationed in Syria.4
In southern Lebanon, there are already Iraqi and Afghani fighters from the Saraya al-Salaam organization belonging to Muqtada al-Sadr's organization in Iraq, who came from Syria via Hizbullah. They set up a guard post and sent armed men to encircle the area of Arqoub, the eastern region of southern Lebanon.5
Qais al-Khazali, the commander of Asaib Ahl al-Haq, arrived in southern Lebanon in early December and toured the border with Israel accompanied by Hizbullah members.6 He expressed his "total readiness with Hizbullah to stand together with the Lebanese people and the Palestinian cause against Israeli occupation."7
In a video, al-Khazali declared,
I am at the Fatima Gate in Kafr Kila, at the border that divides south Lebanon from occupied Palestine. I'm here with my brothers from Hizbullah, the Islamic resistance. We announce our full readiness to stand as one with the Lebanese people, with the Palestinian cause, in the face of the unjust Israeli occupation, [an occupation] that is anti-Islam, anti-Arab, and anti-humanity, in the decisive Arab Muslim cause. And, inshallah, all goodness and blessings to the mujahideen all over the world. And blessings and goodness to the Islamic resistance, which is ready to heed the call of Islam to pave the way to the State of Allah's Justice, the State of the Possessor of Time [the Mehdi], peace and prayers be upon him.8
Two faces of Qais al-Khazali
It should be noted that at the same time, the Syrian army completed the takeover of rebel forces in the Mazra'at Beit Jinn area, adjacent to the Syrian Hermon, only thanks to massive support provided by Hizbullah. By doing so, Hizbullah will be able to establish a stake in the Syrian Golan Heights and under the auspices of the Syrian army in the area closest to Israel in the Golan Heights.
Iran does not shy away from the Israeli warnings that Israel will not allow this establishment of Hizbullah and Shiite militias operating under the auspices of Tehran. In practice, it ignores these warnings and prepares the ground for increasing its influence near the Golan Heights and southern Lebanon.
1 http://www.aljoumhouria.com/news/index/394697
2 https://en.annahar.com/article/721309-after-khazali–commander-of-the-syrian-ber-of-the-syrian-baqer-operations-on-the
3 http://janoubia.com/2017/12/27/وجه-آخر-لجولة-قائد-لواء-الباقر-السوري-أ/
4 Janoubia, December 27, 2017
5 Al Joumhouria, Lebanon
6 Shimon Shapira, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, December 11, 2017
8 http://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Behind-The-Lines-Who-is-Qais-al-Khazali-and-why-should-you-care-518131
Brig.-Gen. (ret.) Dr. Shimon Shapira is a senior researcher at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. He served as Military Secretary to the Prime Minister and as chief of staff to the Foreign Minister. He edited the Jerusalem Center eBook Iran: From Regional Challenge to Global Threat. He is the author of Hizballah: Between Iran and Lebanon, Moshe Dayan Center, Tel Aviv University, 2021.
View all posts by Brig.-Gen. (ret.) Dr. Shimon Shapira
The Palestinian Authority Is Losing Control of the Jenin Region
Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood Seek to Shake Stability on Both Sides of the Jordan River
The Other (Ugly) Face of Lebanon
Bashar Assad's Dangerous Game
Dore Gold – The UN's Reinvention of Jerusalem's Past
Yoni Ben Menachem
Pinhas Inbari
Col. (ret.) Dr. Jacques Neriah
Did Iran Mistakenly Admit that a Sought-After Revolutionary Guard Commander Was Disguised as a Diplomat?
Lt. Col. (ret.) Michael Segall, Jerusalem Center - Iran Desk
Iran Accelerates Its Space Program as It Prepares a Ballistic Missile for a Satellite Launch
Hamas Is Preparing to Attack Israel from Southern Lebanon
Expansionist Iran Might Launch a New Pearl Harbor in the Middle East
Amb. Dore Gold


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The Age of Renewable Energy Diplomacy
Energy is vital to how our economies and societies function, and is now firmly on top of the global agenda for forums ranging from the United...
Building innovation networks to transform the energy landscape
The 'three Ds' of renewable energy — decarbonisation, decentralisation and digitalisation — are bringing new opportunities and transforming the energy sector. Innovations in technology, operations, policy,...
Another US- Canadian corporate collaboration Silences Public Debate on it in the US
The Northern Pass Transmission targets the state of New Hampshire.The media reports polls say 50% of New Hampshire opposes it.From Quebec, Canada to Concord, NH, you...
Lighting the way to a brighter future
With a population of 1.3 billion, growing at 1.2 per cent per year, India is a heavy hitter in the world of global emissions. But while the country...
The Great Saudi Bet
The Saudi decision to not to cut production back in 2014 was a ham-fisted strategy. It went askew. Besides the market share, the Kingdom of Saudi...
Canada needs to speed up efforts to green its energy and transport sectors
A reaffirmed commitment to fighting climate change has set Canada on a greener course, but the country needs to quickly implement planned measures to reduce the...
Coal demand to remain flat to 2022, resulting in a decade of stagnation
Global demand for coal should remain nearly flat between 2017 and 2022, resulting in a decade of stagnation for coal consumption, according to the International Energy...
Caribbean Leaders Launch Ambitious Plan to Create the World's First "Climate-Smart Zone"
Recent hurricanes have left unprecedented devastation across the Caribbean, and it is a traumatic time for all those who live in the region. Whole communities and...
Changing utility business models and electricity investment in Europe
Authors: Michael Waldron and Yoko Nobuoka The traditional utility business model of selling electricity from large-scale thermal power plants and expanding grids to meet rising demand...
Unlocking energy savings from buildings
The past decade has seen major changes across the energy sector, from the emergence of solar PV or shale oil and gas to electric vehicles and...


The BL2 Biomass Moisture Meter Kit is the most versatile biomass moisture meter kit available.
It is specifically developped for users that have to check a large variation of biomass materials.
By use of two different probes it can measure wood chips, sawdust, pellets, round wood, splitt logs, Hay bales and straw bales.
This Biomass Moisture Meter contains several moisture calibration curves that are activated by connecting the appropriate probe. Measuring results are displayed instantly and are temperature compensated.
The image on the left shows the gauge with the hammer probe with the 255mm Hay & Straw Pins attached.When this probe fitted with the nails it can be used for round wood and splitt logs.
Below the picture of the wood chip probe that can also be used for pellets and saw dust.
The BL2 can also be supplied with an USB interface (BL2-USB-KIT) and is supplied with USB cable and Software.


Barrington Orthopedic Specialists Blog When is an MRI Warranted?
Imaging technology has come a long way, and it can save lives. Today, physicians use the technology, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to create detailed images of organs and tissues within your body.
This helps to diagnose and create a treatment strategy for a wide variety of conditions. If you've recently been told that you need an MRI, you may wonder whether it's necessary. Here's what you should know about MRI scans and their use in diagnosing orthopedic conditions.
An MRI machine uses a large magnet combined with radio waves and computer technology to produce sliced images of the body's internal organs and structures. This technology is noninvasive and does not emit radiation.
The scanner itself looks like a large tube. Patients lie on a table and slide into the machine. It's important to remain still to create accurate cross-sectional images. Once the images are created, a radiologist views the images and uses the information to diagnose problems within the body.
These are just a few conditions where an orthopedist may order an MRI.
MRI vs. CT scan: Which is right for you?
Both MRI and computed tomography (CT) scans create images of the body's internal structures. Under certain circumstances, a CT scan is more appropriate than an MRI. Only your doctor can determine which imaging technology is best for your unique situation.
The primary difference between an MRI and a CT scan is that an MRI uses radio waves and a CT scan involves specialized X-ray technology. However, MRIs are better at visualizing certain body structures than CT scans. This is how your provider will determine which technology is right for you.
An MRI is commonly warranted when there's a need to view detailed images of soft tissues, such as cartilage and ligaments. MRI technology does this better than CT scans. This allows your provider to pick up problems that may be invisible using other imaging technology.
On the other hand, if your provider wants to check solid tissues, like bone, a CT scan is likely the preferred choice. For example, your provider may order a CT scan to check for problems with your spine.
Some patients may want to choose an MRI over a CT scan simply because they wish to avoid radiation. It's important to know that the benefits of getting a CT scan when appropriate outweigh the risks. Your provider will explain why one imaging technology is warranted over another in your case.
What should you know about MRIs before getting one?
Some patients get anxious about having to slide into the tube of the MRI machine. If confined spaces cause you difficulties, discuss it with your Barrington Orthopedic Specialists doctor. Physicians can prescribe anti-anxiety medication to keep you relaxed while getting your MRI.
MRI machines use powerful magnets. Prior to scheduling your MRI, the staff will ensure that you can safely undergo this imaging. Patients with metal inside their body are usually unable to have an MRI. The clinical staff will go over everything in detail to ensure that you're properly prepared for your MRI scan.
The orthopedic surgeons, rehabilitation specialists and clinical staff at Barrington Orthopedic Specialists are experts at diagnosing and treating bone and joint problems. Our MRI department is offered at the Schaumburg location at Barrington Orthopedic Specialists. Please call 847 285-4200 to schedule an appointment.


text:
/*
 * 09/05/2004
 *
 * IconGroup.java - Class encapsulating images used for RTextArea actions.
 *
 * This library is distributed under a modified BSD license.  See the included
 * LICENSE file for details.
 */
package org.fife.ui.rtextarea;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.AccessControlException;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.Icon;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;

/**
 * This class encapsulates the location, properties, etc. of an icon set used
 * for an instance of RTextArea.  If the location of the icon
 * group is invalid in any way, any attempt to retrieve icons from an icon
 * group will return {@code null}.
 *
 * An icon group can logically refer to any set of icons.  You will primarily fetch
 * icons via the {@link #getIcon(String)} method, which fetches an icon at the
 * specified path from the icon group's jar.

 *
 * However, to support embedding RSTA in applications that are code editors, icon
 * groups also support defining icons for file types that RSTA supports, as defined
 * in {@link org.fife.ui.rsyntaxtextarea.SyntaxConstants}.  To use this feature,
 * have your icon group have icons in a {@code fileTypes/} subpath.  The icon names
 * should be the second "part" of the syntax constant values.  For example:
 *
 *

 *
fileTypes/default.png

 *
fileTypes/java.png

 *
fileTypes/javascript.png

 *

 *
 * In this scenario, calling {@link #getFileTypeIcon(String)} is shorthand for
 * {@code getIcon("fileTypes/" + fileTypePart)}.  The only added benefit to
 * using {@code getFileTypeIcon()} is that method will default to the icon
 * named {@code "fileTypes/default.<extension>"} if the actually-requested
 * icon does not exist.
 *
 * @author Robert Futrell
 * @version 0.5
 */
public class IconGroup {

	private String path;
	private boolean separateLargeIcons;
	private String largeIconSubDir;
	private String extension;
	private String name;
	private String jarFile;

	private static final String DEFAULT_EXTENSION	= "gif";

	/**
	 * Creates an icon set without "large versions" of the icons.
	 *
	 * @param name The name of the icon group.
	 * @param path The directory containing the icon group.
	 */
	public IconGroup(String name, String path) {
		this(name, path, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 *
	 * @param name The name of the icon group.
	 * @param path The directory containing the icon group.
	 * @param largeIconSubDir The subdirectory containing "large versions" of
	 *        the icons.  If no subdirectory exists, pass in null.
	 */
	public IconGroup(String name, String path, String largeIconSubDir) {
		this(name, path, largeIconSubDir, DEFAULT_EXTENSION);
	}

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 *
	 * @param name The name of the icon group.
	 * @param path The directory containing the icon group.
	 * @param largeIconSubDir The subdirectory containing "large versions" of
	 *        the icons.  If no subdirectory exists, pass in null.
	 * @param extension The extension of the icons (one of gif,
	 *        jpg, or png).
	 */
	public IconGroup(String name, String path, String largeIconSubDir,
											String extension) {
		this(name, path, largeIconSubDir, extension, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 *
	 * @param name The name of the icon group.
	 * @param path The directory containing the icon group.
	 * @param largeIconSubDir The subdirectory containing "large versions" of
	 *        the icons.  If no subdirectory exists, pass in null.
	 * @param extension The extension of the icons (one of gif,
	 *        jpg, or png).
	 * @param jar The Jar file containing the icons, or null if
	 *        the icons are on the local file system.  If a Jar is specified,
	 *        the value of path must be a path in the Jar file.
	 *        If this is not a valid Jar file, then no Jar file will be used,
	 *        meaning all icons returned from this icon group will be
	 *        null.
	 */
	public IconGroup(String name, String path, String largeIconSubDir,
					String extension, String jar) {
		this.name = name;
		this.path = path;
		if (path!=null && path.length()>0 && !path.endsWith("/")) {
			this.path += "/";
		}
		this.separateLargeIcons = (largeIconSubDir!=null);
		this.largeIconSubDir = largeIconSubDir;
		this.extension = extension!=null ? extension : DEFAULT_EXTENSION;
		this.jarFile = jar;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns whether two icon groups are equal.
	 *
	 * @param o2 The object to check against.
	 * @return Whether o2 represents the same icons as this icon
	 *         group.
	 */
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object o2) {
		if (o2 instanceof IconGroup) {
			IconGroup ig2 = (IconGroup)o2;
			if (ig2.getName().equals(getName()) &&
					separateLargeIcons==ig2.hasSeparateLargeIcons()) {
				if (separateLargeIcons) {
					if (!largeIconSubDir.equals(ig2.largeIconSubDir)) {
						return false;
					}
				}
				return path.equals(ig2.path);
			}
			// If we got here, separateLargeIcons values weren't equal.
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns an icon that represents the file type specified.
	 *
	 * @param rstaSyntax The syntax value, from {@code SyntaxConstants}.
	 * @return The icon, or {@code null} if a fallback icon should be used.
	 */
	public Icon getFileTypeIcon(String rstaSyntax) {

		int slash = rstaSyntax.indexOf('/');

		if (slash > -1) {
			String fileType = rstaSyntax.substring(slash + 1).toLowerCase();
			String path = "fileTypes/" + fileType + '.' + extension;
			Icon icon = getIconImpl(path);
			if (icon == null) {
				icon = getIconImpl("fileTypes/default." + extension);
			}
			return icon;
		}

		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the icon from this icon group with the specified name.
	 *
	 * @param name The name of the icon.  For example, if you want the icon
	 *        specified in new.gif, this value should be
	 *        new.
	 * @return The icon, or null if it could not be found or
	 *         loaded.
	 * @see #getLargeIcon
	 */
	public Icon getIcon(String name) {
		Icon icon = getIconImpl(path + name + "." + extension);
		// JDK 6.0 b74 returns icons with width/height==-1 in certain error
		// cases (new ImageIcon(url) where url is not resolved?).  We'll
		// just return null in this case as Swing AbstractButtons throw
		// exceptions when expected to paint an icon with width or height
		// is less than 1.
		if (icon!=null && (icon.getIconWidth()<1 || icon.getIconHeight()<1)) {
			icon = null;
		}
		return icon;
	}

	/**
	 * Does the dirty work of loading an image.

	 *
	 * This method is protected so applications can provide other
	 * implementations, for example, adding the ability to load SVG
	 * icons.
	 *
	 * @param iconFullPath The full path to the icon, either on the local
	 *        file system or in the Jar file, if this icon group represents
	 *        icons in a Jar file.
	 * @return The icon.
	 */
	protected Icon getIconImpl(String iconFullPath) {
		try {
			if (jarFile==null) {
				// First see if it's on our classpath (e.g. an icon in
				// RText.jar, so we'd need to use the class loader).
				URL url = getClass().getClassLoader().
										getResource(iconFullPath);
				if (url!=null) {
					return new ImageIcon(url);
				}
				// If not, see if it's a plain file on disk.
				BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new File(iconFullPath));
				return image!=null ? new ImageIcon(image) : null;
			}
			else { // If it's in a Jar, create a URL and grab it.
				URL url = new URL("jar:file:///" +
									jarFile + "!/" + iconFullPath);
				//System.err.println("***** " + url.toString());
				Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);
				// URLs that are valid but simply don't exist can create -1x-1 ImageIcons
				return icon.getIconWidth() == -1 ? null : icon;
			}
		} catch (AccessControlException | IOException ace) {
			return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the large icon from this icon group with the specified name.
	 * If this icon group does not have large icons, null is
	 * returned.
	 *
	 * @param name The name of the icon.  For example, if you want the icon
	 *        specified in new.gif, this value should be
	 *        new.
	 * @return The icon, or null if it could not be found or
	 *         loaded.
	 * @see #getLargeIcon
	 */
	public Icon getLargeIcon(String name) {
		return getIconImpl(path + largeIconSubDir + "/" +
						name + "." + extension);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the name of this icon group.
	 *
	 * @return This icon group's name.
	 */
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns whether a separate directory for the large icons exists.
	 *
	 * @return Whether a directory containing "large versions" of the icons
	 *         exists.
	 * @see #getLargeIcon(String)
	 */
	public boolean hasSeparateLargeIcons() {
		return separateLargeIcons;
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		return getName().hashCode();
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
HomeEventsVacancy: Gregory and Maria Henderson Curatorial Fellow in East Asian Art (Harvard Art Museums)
Art HistoryAsian ArtChinese ArtEastasian artMuseologyUSA
Vacancy: Gregory and Maria Henderson Curatorial Fellow in East Asian Art (Harvard Art Museums)
Job Function: Museum (Department: Asian and Mediterranean Art)
Location: Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, MA, USA
Job Code: 388090 Museum Fellow
Appointment term: 7 September 2021 – 21 August 2023
Schedule: Full time. Monday through Friday. 35 hours per week.
Start of application review: 26 May 2021
The Curatorial Fellowship Program at the Harvard Art Museums is designed to broaden the experience of scholars embarking on professional careers in art history who are considering the museum profession. The Division of Asian and Mediterranean Art is responsible for over 60,000 works spanning more than 7,000 years. Strengths of the collection include ancient Chinese bronze vessels, jades, and ceramics; Buddhist sculptures, wall paintings, and texts; Korean ceramics; and Chinese, Korean, and Japanese paintings and calligraphy.
Job-Specific Responsibilities
The Henderson Curatorial Fellow works closely with the Alan J. Dworsky Associate Curator of Chinese Art to conduct object-based and archival research and scholarship on the East Asian Collections of the Harvard Art Museums and prepares interpretive materials for this collection.
The Curatorial Fellow has the opportunity to work on two upcoming temporary exhibitions—on East Asian ceramics and on Contemporary Asian art—assisting the Dworsky Associate Curator and the Chief Curator.
The Curatorial Fellow assists with a broad range of other curatorial activities, including cataloging of the permanent collection in the Art Museums' database, and assistance with new acquisitions and donor cultivation. This may include the opportunity to work on activities such as transcribing and translating Chinese and Korean paintings and calligraphy, researching object provenance.
Foregrounding the museum's teaching and research mission, the Curatorial Fellow also helps provide content expertise and support for the Art Museums' Art Study Center by supporting classes and individual appointments six hours a week participates in a series of art handling workshops and contributes to a rich offering of public and academic interpretive programs across various platforms.
The Curatorial Fellow will be an active member of the Fellows' cohort and will participate in regular cohort meetings and in the annual Fellows Symposium at the end of the spring semester.
The Curatorial Fellow may supervise students and temporary employees.
Candidates MUST meet the following basic qualifications in order to be considered for this role: MA in art history or archaeology or related fields with expertise in East Asian material culture.
Additional Qualifications and Skills
Ph.D. preferred, knowledge of or specialization in Chinese or Korean art preferred
Proficiency in Chinese and/or Korean preferred
Curatorial or related experience helpful; interest in challenging canonical narratives strongly encouraged
Commitment to fostering the appreciation of works of art in a museum context
Excellent organizational, interpersonal, and communication skills; ability to work independently as well as collaboratively
The Harvard Art Museums are committed to equity and inclusion in its staff and to engaging with a wide range of audiences and constituents, and welcome applications from candidates of diverse backgrounds who share these interests and commitment.
Please apply online with a letter of interest and a résumé or curriculum vitae. Complete applications will be reviewed on a rolling basis, starting May 26, 2021, and continuing until the position is filled. Upon review of initial applications, successful candidates will be notified to submit two letters of recommendation. Other supporting documents may include transcripts and writing samples.
The term of this fellowship is September 7, 2021-August 31, 2023. In addition to $50,000 annual compensation, the fellowship has an allocated travel budget and is eligible to participate in Harvard's fringe benefits program.
PLEASE NOTE: During the current period of Covid-19 related restrictions, this position may start as a remote position, with the transition to onsite in Cambridge when the office reopens. We continue to monitor the evolving COVID-19 and the lifting of restrictions. We appreciate your understanding and flexibility with our interview process. We will be conducting interviews virtually for selected candidates until further notice.
For more information, please visit the website here.


There are few instruments as versatile as the guitar. You can find it in nearly any genre and in any crevasse of the world. That versatility can be both useful and entertaining, though it can also feel overwhelming. The goal of this site is to foster a greater connection amongst guitarists from all styles and genres that have interest in broadening their creative and technical musical pursuits.
…and there's always time and space for a little nonsense here and there.
Sean Thrower is a guitarist with interest and versatility in an eclectic mix of playing styles and genres, which has led him to perform in a wide variety of settings and venues. He holds both a Bachelor's and a Master's degree in music performance from the University of Georgia where he studied classical guitar under renowned pedagogue, John Sutherland (a protégé of Andrés Segovia). While in school, Sean had an assistantship and taught guitar methods courses at UGA. He also performed in masterclasses for several Grammy winning artists including David Russell, Jason Vieaux, Pepe Romero, and Sheron Isbin. Other notable classical guitar performances include solo guitarist with the UGA Symphony Orchestra and combined choirs, guitarist for the UGA Men's Varsity Singers, and soloist with the Rome Symphony Orchestra. As singer/songwriter/guitarist, Sean performs with his modern acoustic duo, Terminus Falls. Their first album "Getting Lost" was released in March 2016 through Curvepoint Media.
Sean is also an author and composer with two published guitar method books. Traversing the Fretboard was released in 2016 and is a method for organizing chords and scales through Sean's own approach of the CAGED System. The Segovia Scales is a re-illustration of Andres Segovia's Diatonic Major and Minor Scales in a manner that is both easier to read and quicker to learn with an added section on practice techniques. As a teacher, Sean has taught many students through his own studio and various institutions. In 2015, he founded the Rome Guitar Institute in Rome, Georgia, where he has instructed students of all ages on electric, acoustic, and classical guitar, as well as bass guitar, ukulele, and mandolin. Currently, he is on staff as Artist Affiliate at Berry College and as Adjunct Professor of Guitar at Dalton State College.


text:
Anisolabis breviforceps is a species of earwig in the genus Anisolabis, the family Anisolabididae, the suborder Forficulina, and the order Dermaptera. It was first classified in 1979 by Brindle.

References

External links
 The Natural History Museum's card on Anisolabis breviforceps, showing the original citation information.

Anisolabididae
Insects described in 1979

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Welcome to Northwest Philadelphia's Favorite Dog Walking Service.
Voted Best "Pet Friendly Business" in 2017 & 2016 in Manayunk by Manayunk.com. Voted "Best Pet Sitting Company" in Philadelphia by the Fox Philly Hot List 2011 & 2010 and featured on NBC, PHL and ION TV!
By requesting a reservation you are agreeing to the terms of service.
*** ANNOUNCEMENT***: We are fully booked on Monday, 4/22/19 and Friday, 4/26/19. Apologies for the inconvenience. Please do not make any reservations for this day. Thank you.
Our clients enjoy an easy to use professional online scheduling system. As a client you can view your schedule, request services, update your info, view your billing history and more!
Always confirm your online client and pet profile is current when scheduling appointments so we can continue to provide you with custom tailored pet care for your unique household.
Thank you for choosing TOP TAILS® Dog Walking & Pet Sitting!
To reset your password, click on the "Forgot Password" link and enter the email address associated with your account. A new temporary password will be emailed to you. If you're not receiving the password reset emails then add "info@toptailsdogwalking.com" to your Safe Senders list.


Embarrat Award. THE GREAT MACHINE. Deadline: March 19, 2018.
The Embarrat – IEI Award consists of a production of a solo show. The award will distinguish the best artist among those shown in the exhibition The Great Machine V. In 2019 the Institut d'Estudis Ilerdencs (IEI) in Lleida will produce a solo show in its Gótica exhibition venue to showcase the work of the winning artist.
Works must adjust to the proposed subject: "Silence".
The exhibition: between the 25th of May and the 3th of June 2018 in the Trepat Museum.
The EMBARRAT awards will be anounced on the 26th of May, during the festival.
Submission call: Open to individual artists or collectives. Adults of any nationality. *Residents outside the European Union may participate only with audiovisual works. Artworks of any discipline: video art, performance, photography, audio, installations, illustration, etc.
Remuneration for exhibition rights: Each selected artist (or collective) will perceive the amount of € 100 in concept of exhibition rights (taxes included).


text:
Metal spinning is considered to be one of the oldest methods of forming sheet metal. This craft has its roots in ancient China where huge bells were made and other functional objects like cups and bowls. Today, it is associated with custom or difficult pieces and an economic alternative to the mass production version that is metal stamping. Automation and AI or high-volume technology will not make its way into this craft either. The metal spinning process is too difficult to replicate.
Every spinner spins differently and the product varies slightly according to each spinner's experience and ability. In metal spinning, the forming process is accomplished by the use of a spinning lathe. The spinner skillfully forms a flat piece of metal called a blank over a mold to create the shape you want, much like a master potter at a wheel.
On this episode I had the opportunity to speak to Keith and Katie Morse from American Metal Spinning, who have taken over the family business from their father who started it in the 1980's. Metal spinning is a valuable skill that takes years to develop. It's also why we need to celebrate family businesses like this and support the craft and trades industry by thinking locally before buying globally. So before you give this episode a chance, take a moment to see the visual appeal of spinning on one of the links below.
Check out the video's below:
https://www.instagram.com/americanmetalspinning/
http://www.amermetalspinning.com/
https://www.alliedmaker.com/
https://matthewharris.studio/store
@matthew_harris_studio
https://katyskelton.com/product-category/lighting/
https://www.northeastlantern.com/


text:
@implementation NSString (DWOTransaction)

- (DWOTransactionStatus)convertToTransactionStatus {
    if ([self isEqualToString:kDWOTransactionStatusCancelled]){
        return DWOTransactionStatusCancelled;
    } else if ([self isEqualToString:kDWOTransactionStatusCompleted]) {
        return DWOTransactionStatusCompleted;
    } else if ([self isEqualToString:kDWOTransactionStatusFailed]) {
        return DWOTransactionStatusFailed;
    } else if ([self isEqualToString:kDWOTransactionStatusPending]) {
        return DWOTransactionStatusPending;
    } else if ([self isEqualToString:kDWOTransactionStatusProcessed]) {
        return DWOTransactionStatusProcessed;
    } else if ([self isEqualToString:kDWOTransactionStatusReclaimed]) {
        return DWOTransactionStatusReclaimed;
    } else {
        return DWOTransactionStatusUnknown;
    }
}

@end


Top Sail01603 782625work01603 784072faxSelf-cateringEntrance hall with access to private sundeck and mooring.
Well equipped kitchen/dining room with doors to balcony overlooking marina.
Sitting room with doors to a second balcony.
Bedrooms have landing access and connecting doors.
Twin bedroom with bathroom (converts to a double). WC.


text:
/ White Balance
White balance (WB)
What is WB?
Our eyes and brain make a wonderful partnership. Together, they automatically adjust the exposure of whatever it is we are looking at to achieve a balanced image. More importantly, they correct any colour cast so that anything white actually looks white, regardless of the ambient light.
Unfortunately, digital cameras are not so clever. They record the scene as they see it − within their limitations. This is why, in tricky lighting conditions, we have to set the white balance to ensure the result we want. It is also why, to get results of the optimum colour, we usually have to tell the camera the colour temperature of the light falling on to the scene.
In simple terms, light is made up of the three primary colours − red, green and blue. These colours are present in different proportions in all light sources. For example, tungsten lights have more red in them than fluorescent lights, which are greener. This proportion of colours is measured as the colour temperature.
If you are shooting your images in any mode other than RAW, the camera will post-process the image to make the colours in the scene as accurate as possible. However, this is not always as easy as it seems − the colour temperature of the light falling onto the scene affects the way the camera sees the colours and, unlike our brains, it does not automatically correct it. For example, with no correction, a white wall photographed under tungsten lighting will appear very yellow, and under a fluorescent light will look very green. This is why all digital EOS cameras have the ability to set the white balance to suit the ambient light, no matter how complex the lighting conditions are.
What do the settings mean?
There are seven standard white balance settings, your choice of which will depend on the type of light you are shooting in.
You can use this setting as a default in most straightforward lighting conditions. Auto White Balance works by evaluating the scene and deciding the most appropriate white point in it. The setting works reasonably well if the colour temperature of the ambient light is between 3,000-7,000K. However, if there is an abundance of one colour in the image, or if there is no actual white for the meter to use as a reference, the system can be fooled, resulting in an image with a colour cast.
Daylight setting
Use this setting if you are shooting in bright sunshine. It will balance for a colour temperature of around 5,200K, which is actually very slightly cooler than noon sunlight. However, it is very rare that you will actually be shooting at noon and so this setting will work best for the greatest part of the day.
Shaded places
Although we perceive shaded areas to be colder, the colour temperature is actually higher (bluer), usually around 7,000K. This setting is most suited to areas of light shade rather than very heavy shadow.
Cloudy or hazy
This sets a colour temperature of around 6,000K. It is best used on days when the sun is behind the clouds, creating a very even and diffuse light.
Tungsten setting
The first of the artificial lighting settings, this assumes a colour temperature of around 3,200K and is suitable for most tungsten lamps that normally emit a yellow light. It is the equivalent of an 82-series blue filter used with a film camera to correct for the same colour cast.
Fluorescent setting
The second artificial light setting is set for around 4000K, the approximate colour temperature of fluorescent lights. The problem with fluorescent lights is that there are six types, each with a different colour temperature. They also emit an interrupted spectrum with peaks over quite a wide range. To complicate things further, they also change over time, gradually altering the colour temperature of light they emit. This setting has the same effect as fitting an FL-D filter to a film camera.
Flash setting
For use with either a built-in flash or an external Speedlite. Flash is a very white light with a colour temperature around 6,000K.
All these settings still rely on the camera doing some calculations to obtain the correct colour balance. However, there are two further settings which give you total control.
Custom White Balance allows you to tell the camera which area in the scene is supposed to be white. The camera can calculate the colour shift required to make that surface white. It then applies that shift to all colours in the scene to provide a correct colour balance to the image, whatever the lighting. The EOS-1D Mark III, EOS-1Ds Mark III, EOS-1D Mark IV and EOS-1D X cameras allow you to store up to five different Custom White Balance settings and give them names or captions to make them easy to identify so you can switch to them quickly.
This enables you to set the colour temperature in degrees Kelvin in 100K increments from 2,500 to 10,000K depending on model. If you have a separate colour temperature meter then this may be the best setting to use as you can set the exact colour temperature shift needed. But, remember, if you do this you will need to take a few test shots to calibrate your colour temperature meter with the camera's meter.
PC-1, PC-2, PC-3
In addition, on professional EOS digital cameras there are three custom white balance settings − PC-1, PC-2 and PC-3. These allow you to save the three white balance settings that you regularly use. This is useful if you do a lot of studio photography, for example, and always use the same lights. It enables you to save the colour temperature of those lights so you do not have to colour balance each time. However, initially the settings need to be made on the camera via a computer using supplied software.
White balance bracketing
If you find that you still cannot get the perfect colour balance, then EOS digital cameras from the 10D onwards have a white balance auto bracketing function. This allows you to bracket the white balance setting in the same way that you can bracket exposures. You can select the level of change between the images up to ±3 steps in full-step increments. The images are then recorded in the sequence: 1 - set colour temperature, 2 - bluer colour, 3 - redder colour.
With all these options, it is possible to obtain a completely neutral tone in most shooting situations. However, is this always best? Consider a fairground where there is a diverse mix of light sources − tungsten giving a yellow glow, fluorescent adding some green, not to mention all the neon lights. If you were to balance all the light sources present, the result could end up looking very clinical and fail to convey the fun, warmth and atmosphere of the show.
So do not always assume neutral is best − be a little creative and see what happens.
Working in RAW
If you shoot in RAW, white balance will not affect you at the time the exposure is made. White balance corrections are normally applied by the camera in post-processing of the image, before it is saved to the card as a JPEG file.
By shooting RAW, you avoid this processing as the image saved on the card is exactly as captured by the CMOS sensor. It is then up to you to adjust the white balance in your RAW file editing program.
One of the advantages of shooting RAW files is that you can apply different white balance settings to the image to see which give the most natural, or most attractive, results. The original RAW file remains unchanged. All the work is done on copies of the RAW file, which means that you can return to the RAW file and try again if the initial results are not what you want.
Setting the white balance
It is possible to set Auto White Balance for all your shots and let the camera sort out the light, or to select the white balance symbol appropriate to the lighting conditions. However, no matter how good these settings are, they will never produce the perfect white balance in all situations.
Instead, use the following procedure and you will end up with images that are properly white balanced. Unless you are working indoors light changes constantly, so you will need to repeat the procedure for each new scene or lighting condition.
You need a sheet of white paper, or a mid-tone grey card. With your scene set and the lighting arranged, place the card in the scene. Making sure that the white card covers the centre circle marked in the viewfinder, take a shot. The autofocus may have trouble focusing on the flat card, so focus on the edge of the card and then recompose, or switch to manual focus.
Find the menu item 'Custom WB' and select it so that the custom white balance screen appears. Now turn to the image shot in the previous step and select this. The white balance data from the image will be imported.
After exiting the menu, select Custom White Balance from the white balance settings. The pictures you shoot will now be balanced to your test image.
On the EOS-1 series cameras, the menu is slightly different. Within the 'Custom WB regist.' screen there are options to Register image on card (the same as above) or to Record and register an image – this assumes you have not yet captured an image to take a Custom white balance reading from. If you select the second option, the camera will adjust settings so that when you take a picture, it will immediately read the image and set the white balance appropriately.
It is useful to know where the term 'colour temperature' comes from and what it means.
Colour temperature is measured in degrees Kelvin (K). The Scottish mathematician and physicist William Kelvin proposed the absolute, or Kelvin, scale in 1848. This scale uses −273.15°C as its zero point or 'absolute zero'. The colour temperature is simply the colour a standard black body (a piece of metal which is perfectly black and reflects no light) glows at a certain heat. Surprisingly, the cool colours are red and orange, around 2,000-3,000K, while the warm colours are the blues at the 20,000K end of the spectrum. Neutral white light is 6,504K.
Comparison shots
The pictures on the next page of a stamen against the white petals of a lily flower were all taken in daylight in the middle of the day. Each was taken at different white balance settings. The colour changes to the images show, in effect, the 'filtration' added by the camera to balance with the different light sources.
Auto − this close-up of a lily stamen was taken in midday window light so the Auto setting has actually done quite a good job of making the lily's white petals white although there is a hint or red.
Daylight − this setting has done slightly better, with no red and the white being a cleaner white.
Shade − this setting has also achieved a reasonable colour balance, however, you can see it has added yellow to compensate for blue that would normally exist in a shady scene.
Cloudy − as with the shade setting, the cloudy setting has achieved a satisfactory result, but again there is still a hint of yellow in the whites.
Tungsten − here the camera has added blue to compensate for the yellow that would be present under tungsten lighting giving the whites a very blue appearance.
Fluorescent − this has had a similar effect to the tungsten setting, but the camera has added the equivalent of a magenta filter to compensate for the green emitted by fluorescent lights.
Flash − this setting has produced a result very similar to the shade setting as they set a very similar Kelvin temperature. If anything, the flash setting has done slightly better by adding less yellow to the image.
Custom − here we set the colour balance manually by using a grey card. This has produced a result with clean, natural whites.
These shots of an indoor swimming pool show the difference between shooting a scene kit with tungsten light with daylight colour balance settings.


Germany's far-right Alternative für Deutschland fell to its lowest polling point in seven months, hinting that the Trump tidal wave is not one Germans are eager to ride.
A poll by the Institute Allsenbach and Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung asked whom respondents would vote for if elections were held Sunday. Just 8.5 percent said AfD, led by Frauke Petry — the first time since July the extreme right-wing party has slipped below the 10 percent threshold, and its worst poll numbers since Dec. 2015. Another poll, conducted by Forsa Institute and Stern magazine, had AfD at just 8 percent.
Forsa chief Manfred Güllner suggested AfD's poor performance was because of President Donald Trump's "chaotic leadership," which "is tending to cause alarm" among Germans. They are mostly throwing their support behind the current German chancellor, Angela Merkel, of the center-right CDU, and Martin Schulz, of the center-left SPD.
Mainstream German politicians might also be getting a boost that's eluded their grey-suited counterparts elsewhere. The strong economy currently boasts its highest budget surplus since 1990.
Both Merkel and Schulz are traditional, mainstream politicians, and either would likely take a harder line on Trump than Petry, whose Euroskeptic party includes opposition to Islam in Germany as part of its platform, and who celebrated Trump's election on Twitter. Petry and the AfD are also supportive of Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Ahead of upcoming state elections, and this autumn's national election, it remains to be seen whether this other similarity between AfD's leader and Trump — namely, her penchant for Putin — will help reverse the party' slide, or simply reinforce voter concerns that she and the party are too fringe.
This week, Petry went to Moscow to discuss "cooperation with the German state governments" and meet with head honchos in the Duma. Vladislav Belov of the Center for German Studies at the Russian Academy of Science described Russia's interest in AfD as "objective," suggesting, despite the fact that other small German parties have not had meetings with Russian higher-ups, that there is nothing suspicious in Petry's jaunt to Moscow.


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Home » ADEMETIONINE IN TREATMENT OF DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN RUSSIAN PATIENTS, RECEIVING IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY FOR PSORIASIS
ADEMETIONINE IN TREATMENT OF DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN RUSSIAN PATIENTS, RECEIVING IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY FOR PSORIASIS
Y. Perlamutrov 1, A. Bakulev *2, I. Korsunskaya3, E. Orlov 4 and N. Bolotnikova 5
Moscow State Medical Stomatological University 1, Russia.
Saratov State Medical University 2, Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology Diseases, Russia.
Center of Theoretic Problems Physico-chemistry Pharmacology Russian Academy of Sciences 3, Russia Samara State Medical University under the Ministry of Public Healthcare and Social Development (Minzdravsocrazvitia) of Russia 4, Russia.
Medical Adviso, Abbott Laboratories 5, Russia.
ABSTRACT:Background: Drug induced liver injury (DILI), especially; due to use of immunosuppressive agents is a growing concern. Lack of awareness about available treatment options limits its management. This observational study was conducted to characterize Russian population receiving ademetionine as a hepatoprotectant against DILI triggered due to immunosuppressive drugs. Methods: A total of 105 patients having DILI with cholestasis (by immunosuppressives) aged 18-65 years were enrolled in a multicentric, non-interventional, prospective observational study. The study had three phases (Start up: Ademetionine intravenous/intramuscular 400-800 mg/day, 2 weeks; Maintenance: 800-1600 mg/day, 4 weeks, orally; Follow up: At end of 4 weeks post-treatment). Profiling of patients, reasons for prescribing ademetionine and safety parameters were assessed. Changes from baseline in the levels of laboratory parameters, signs and symptoms of cholestasis and depressed mood were also assessed. Results: All enrolled patients were Caucasian (44.4 years; smokers: 41.9%; consumed alcohol daily: 31.4%; history of psoriasis: 86.7%). Methotrexate was the most commonly used immunosuppressive agent (used in 80.0% of patients). Post treatment with ademetionine, levels of various laboratory parameters (bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase) significantly decreased P< 0.05. Symptoms of intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) such as pruritus, fatigue and jaundice improved and number of patients with depressive symptoms decreased (baseline: 92 [87.6%]; Day 42: 27 [25.7%]). No adverse events were reported.Conclusions: In patients with immunosuppressant induced DILI and cholestasis, psoriasis was the most common underlying disorder. Treatment with ademetionine demonstrated beneficial effects in liver disease with improvement in laboratory parameters and symptoms of IHC
Drug induced liver injury, ademetionine, observational study, psoriasis
INTRODUCTION: Liver is the target organ for metabolism of most drugs and their direct and indirect effects may lead to hepatotoxicity.
Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is a growing concern to both scientific and public health community1. If left untreated, it can present a significant challenge, ranging from increased incidence to its effect on morbidity and mortality. One of the most severe manifestations of DILI is intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) accounting for more than half of the reported cases of hepatotoxicity2. It is generally associated with fatigue, pruritus and jaundice; asymptomatic patients may also have elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ GT) 2-4.
DILI induced by immunosuppressants needs specific attention as they are widely used in the treatment of various diseases such as psoriasis. The primary challenge of managing DILI is its late diagnosis as many patients may remain asymptomatic for longer period of time, leading to substantial progression of the disease and ultimate delay in its treatment. Till date, limited options are available for DILI management. General practice is to withdraw the drug that is thought to have caused liver injury and to provide supportive treatment with hepatoprotective drugs to alleviate the symptoms of chronic liver injury1, 3.
Various processes like oxidative stress, hepatocellular apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction are involved in the pathogenesis of cholestasis5. Drug induced cholestasis may occur due to changes in the expression of the enzymes or transporters involved in these pathways or reduced hepatic concentrations of glutathione. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (ademetionine) serves as a principle methyl donor for methyltransferase reaction essential for generation of glutathione which helps in reducing the toxicity of free radicals generated by various agents including immunosuppressive agents6, 7.
Thus, providing external supplements of ademetionine may prove beneficial in patient with diminished liver reserves7, 8. Favorable effects of ademetionine on improvement in biochemical parameters and sign and symptoms of IHC such as fatigue and pruritus have been demonstrated in several clinical studies8-11.
Although beneficial effects of ademetionine are known, there is lacuna of information about ademetionine prescribed to DILI patients induced by immunosuppressive therapy. The present non-interventional, Prospective, multicenter,observational study was conducted to characterize the Russian patients with DILI caused due to immunosuppressive therapy and to aid physician's decision making in its management. In addition, reasons for prescribing ademetionine were assessed. Other objectives included evaluation of effectiveness of ademetionine therapy in these patients and to explore correlation between laboratory parameters and sign and symptoms of liver disease.
This was a multicenter, non-interventional, prospective, observational study conducted from July 2011 to April 2012 at nine sites in Russian Federation. The total duration of study was 10 weeks and consisted of start-up (2 weeks), Maintenance (4 weeks) and a Follow up (4 weeks) phase. It had four scheduled visits. The protocol was approved by the independent ethics committee at each study site and the study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles originating in the Declaration of Helsinki and in accordance with ICH Good Clinical Practice guidelines, applicable regulatory requirements, and in compliance with the respective protocols.
Out-patients, men and women aged 18-65 years with DILI induced by immunosuppressive therapy were enrolled in the present study. All patients with DILI had intrahepatic cholestasis and were treated with ademetionine as per locally approved label. Patients with hepatocellular or metastatic liver carcinoma, severe liver disease including but not limited to ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hypoalbuminemia and coagulopathy were excluded from the study. Other exclusion criteria included women who were pregnant (1st-2nd trimester) and lactating and patients contraindicated to ademetionine treatment (including hypersensitivity) according to the local label. All patients provided written informed consent to participate in the study.
All enrolled patients were initially treated with intravenous or intramuscular ademetionine 400 to 800 mg daily for 2 weeks (Start-up Phase) followed by oral maintenance therapy of 800 to 1600 mg daily for 4 weeks. Safety follow-up was continued till 30 days after the last administration of ademetionine.
Study assessments
The primary variables included assessment of demographics, baseline characteristics, underlying liver disease and reasons for prescribing ademetionine.
Secondary variables were change in laboratory investigations (bilirubin [total, conjugated], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], γ glutamyl transpeptidase [γ GT], alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]) from baseline to end of 6 weeks. Sign and symptoms of cholestasis and depressed mood were documented by the investigators based on the questionnaires filled by the patients.
Signs and symptoms of cholestasis (jaundice, fatigue, pruritus) were assessed on the basis of two degree score (0=absent, 1=present), and for depressed mood a four degree score was used (0=absent, 1=mild, 2= moderate, 3=severe). Exploratory analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between laboratory values and sign and symptoms of liver disease.
Investigators monitored the patients for occurrence of any adverse event. Safety was evaluated by assessment of adverse events.
Approximately 100 patients was planned to be enrolled in the study this was an observational non-comparative study, statistical analyses were of descriptive in nature. For all measurements, the final value obtained before the administration of ademetionine was used as the baseline value. Continuous data (e.g. age, changes in laboratory parameters from baseline) were presented as mean ± SD and categorical data (e.g. gender, race) were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Patients with depressed mood were compared using Chi-Square test. Exploratory endpoints including association between laboratory values or sign and symptoms of liver disease were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. All tests were two-sided and performed at 5% significance level.
Primary Variable
Demographics and Baseline Characteristics
All enrolled patients (N=105) completed the study. All patients were Caucasian and had a mean age of 44.4 years (range 18 to 65 years). Of the total enrolled patients, 41.9% were smokers and 31.4% consumed alcohol daily. Patient's demographics are presented in Table 1.
TABLE 1: DEMOGRAPHIC AND BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS
Variables Ademetionine
Sex, n (%)
Men 53 (50.5)
Women 52 (49.5)
Age (years), mean ± SD
Men 40.6 ±9.8
Women 48.3 ± 12.4
Race, n (%)
Caucasian (white) 105(100.0)
Smoker, n (%)
Yes 44 (41.9)
Daily alcohol consumption, n (%)
No 72 (68.6)
Frequency of alcohol consumption, n (%)
1-3 drinks/day 26 (24.8)
4-6 drinks/day 7 (6.7)
Hepatobiliary disorders reported among the patients are presented in Figure. 1.
FIGURE 1: HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS AMONG THE STUDY PATIENTS
Skin and subcutaneous disorders (90.5%) were other most common conditions reported by patients (Psoriasis: 86.7%, Psoriatic arthropathy: 17.1%). Other disorders were gastrointestinal (5.7%), infections and infestations (5.7%), metabolism and nutrition (1.9%), psychiatric (1%) and surgical procedures (6.7%).
Drugs causing DILI and concomitant medication
An immunosuppressive agent (94.3%) was the most common class causing DILI followed by corticosteroids (11.4%) for systemic uses (Figure. 2). Methotrexate (80%) was the most frequently used concomitant medication followed by vitamin B1 in combination with vitamin B6 and/or vitamin B12 (19.0%), and psycho stimulants and nootropics (13.3%).
FIGURE 2: DRUGS CAUSING DILI IN STUDY PATIENTS
Reasons for Prescribing Ademetionine
All patients were prescribed ademetionine, the most common reasons being DILI (79 patients [75.2%]) followed by cholestasis (24 patients [22.9%]) and toxic hepatitis (3 patients [2.9%]).
Laboratory parameters
At the end of the observation period of 6 week, significant reduction from baseline was reported in laboratory parameters (total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, ALP, γ-GT, ALT and AST) (P<0.05) [Figure.3 (A-C)].
Signs and symptoms of IHC
At baseline, pruritus and fatigue (both in 85 patients [81.0%]) were the most commonly reported symptoms of IHC followed by jaundice in 21 patients (20.0%). At day 42, the patients reporting pruritus, fatigue and jaundice decreased to 7(6.7%), 12(11.4%) and 2(1.9%), respectively. The number of patients reporting no symptoms of jaundice, pruritus and fatigue were 2 (1.9%) at baseline which increased to 90 (85.7%) on day 42. (Figure.4A).
FIGURE 3: THE MEAN CHANGE FROM BASELINE TO THE END OF 6 WEEKS AFTER TREATMENT WITH ADEMETIONINE A) TOTAL BILIRUBIN AND CONJUGATED BILIRUBIN LEVELS, B) Γ-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE (ΓGT), ALANINE TRANSAMINASE (ALT), ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE (AST) LEVELS, C) ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) LEVELS
FIGURE 4A: PERCENTAGE OF PATIENTS EXHIBITING SYMPTOMS OF IHC AT BASELINE AND AFTER TREATMENT WITH ADEMETIONINE
Deprssed mood
Percentage of patients with depressed mood (mild, moderate and severe) at baseline, day 14 and day 42 is depicted in Fig.4B. At baseline 13 (12.4%) patients were without depressed mood. This number increased to 53 (50.5%) on day 14 and on day 42, as high as 78 patients (74.3%) were without depressed mood (P<0.001) (Figure.4B).
FIGURE 4B: PERCENTAGE OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERITY OF DEPRESSED MOOD AND THOSE WITHOUT DEPRESSED MOOD AT BASELINE AND AFTER TREATMENT WITH ADEMETIONINE
Exploratory Variables:
All pairs of ALP, γ-GT, ALT and AST exhibited statistically significant (P<0.0001) positive correlation between changes from baseline to day 42 visit. Further, clinical symptoms such as pruritus and fatigue decreased with decrease in the laboratory parameters (ALP, γGT, ALT and AST) (P<0.05). Clinical symptoms like (jaundice, pruritus, fatigue and depressed mood) also exhibited significant positive correlation between themselves (P<0.05).
Safety Results:
There were no adverse events reported throughout the study.
DISCUSSIONS: Increasing incidence of DILI and its progression towards acute liver failure and fatality needs attention by medical care system. Due to increased identification of hepatotoxicity of several prescription drugs and associated serious adverse effects, the management of the toxic effects has gained equal importance as the treatment of the malady itself. Difficulty in diagnosis due to wide spectrum of DILI and lack of the treatment options, affects decision making process of physician in its management.
To address this, an observational study was conducted to characterize a target Russian population receiving ademetionine as a hepatoprotectant against DILI triggered due to immunosuppressive drugs.
In this study, psoriasis was found to be the most common underlying disorder (86.7 %). Psoriasis, is often treated with immunosuppressive drugs like methotrexate, cyclosporine, leflunomide or fumaric acid; and is known to be frequently associated with liver diseases and other serious life-threatening comorbidities12-14. Relationship between the use of immunosupressives and the development of hepatic abnormalities has been documented in clinical and observational studies13, 15, 16. Long-term treatment with these drugs in psoriatic patients may further accelerate liver toxicity and limit their benefits. Hence, drug prescription for severe psoriasis treatment requires careful understanding of patient characteristics.
Among the immunosuppressives, methotrexate is the most widely used drug for the treatment of psoriasis13, 15. Similarly, in the present study, methotrexate was prescribed in majority of the patients (80.0 %) followed by cyclosporine (12.4%) and leflunomide (3.8%). Hepatotoxicity of immunosupressives in patients with psoriasis appears to increase with the dose, duration of treatment and is associated with generation of free radicals and is manifested in the form of elevation of serum enzymes, progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis13, 15, 16. Ademetionine by increasing the production of glutathione counters the toxicity of free oxygen radicals generated by various toxins such as immunosuppressive agents 7, 11. This may suffice the reason for prescribing ademetionine in the present study.
Ademetionine has a proven hepatoprotective function in liver injury. The same was demonstrated in the present study and even with the concomitant use of immunosuppressive drugs there was decrease in values of laboratory markers such as total bilirubin, ALP, ALT, AST, γGT and improvement in symptoms of IHC such as jaundice, fatigue and pruritus. While the other studies10, 17did not correlate the clinical symptoms of IHC and the related laboratory parameters, our study showed a strong correlation between them. Clinical symptoms (pruritus and fatigue) of liver disease decreased with the decrease in the laboratory parameters suggesting a correlation between them. Findings of improvement in signs and symptoms of IHC are consistent with previous studies wherein ademetionine was administrated to patients during immunosuppressive treatment 10, 17. This suggests that the use of ademetionine along with the hepatotoxic drugs may prove to be beneficial in improving the clinical signs and biochemical parameters in patients with liver diseases.
Further, psoriasis not only affects the patient's physical health but is also associated with emotional and social consequences. Several studies reported that psoriatic patients have increased risk of depression and anxiety14, 18, 19. The present study demonstrated decrease in the symptoms related to depression and severity of depression in patients after treatment with ademetionine. This can be attributed to ademetionine's anti-depressant activity that has been reported in few studies17, 20, 21.
Ademetionine is well tolerated and its safety has been established from several clinical trials and post-marketing experience. In a long-term study conducted by Mato et al. in cirrhotic patients, no severe adverse events were reported with ademetionine treatment8. Similarly, Frezza et al. demonstrated that treatment with ademetionine was well-tolerated and only mild and transient side effects were recorded in a few cholestatic patients with chronic liver disease9. In line with these studies, there were no adverse events reported and no physician stopped ademetionine treatment due to lack of efficacy. These results also correspond with typical reporting pattern in routine medical practice in Russia.
CONCLUSIONS: Dealing with DILI is important. In the present study, psoriasis was the most common underlying disorder for which immunosuppressive was prescribed in patients with DILI and cholestasis. Treatment with ademetionine demonstrated beneficial effects with decrease in laboratory parameters related to liver disease and improvement in symptoms of IHC. The number of patients with symptoms of depression and the severity of depressed mood decreased. Encouraging results of the present study in Russian patients with chronic liver disease after ademetionine treatment may facilitate physicians in decision making process.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The authors thank Dr. Sujata Mahadik, Rayanta Joshi and Dr. Ashish Agrawal (SIRO Clinpharm Pvt. Ltd.) for writing assistance. The authors also thank the study participants, without whom this study would not have been accomplished.
LIST OF INVESTIGATORS: Ekaterinburg: E Koryukina, D Sonin; Tyumen: A Kotelnikova; Moscow: M Kurdina, I Korsunskaya; Rostov-on-Don: O Sidorenko; Saratov: A Bakulev; Samara: E Orlov; Krasnodar: N Murashkin.
DISCLOSURES AND ETHICS: This manuscript is an original work, has not been published previously and is not being considered for publication elsewhere. The authors have read and confirmed their agreement with the ICMJE authorship and conflict of interest criteria.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST: This study was funded by Abbott Laboratories (Abbott), Russia. One of the authors, Natalia Bolotnikova is an employee of the Abbott Laboratories (Abbott), Russia.
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Xu HM, Chen Y, Xu J and Zhou Q:Drug-induced liver injury in hospitalized patients with notably elevated alanine aminotransferase.World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Nov 7; 18(41):5972-8.
Hirschfield GM, Heathcote EJ and Gershwin EM: Pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease and therapeutic approaches. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:1481–96.
Mato JM, Martínez-Chantar ML, and Lu SC: S-adenosylmethionine metabolism and liver disease. Ann Hepatol. 2013; 12(2):183–9.
Anstee QM andDay CP: S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) therapy in liver disease: a review of current evidence and clinical utility. J Hepatol 2012; 57(5):1097-1109.
Mato JM, Cámara J, Fernández de Paz J, Caballería L, Coll S, Caballero A andet al: S-adenosylmethionine in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. J Hepatol 1999; 30 (6):1081-89.
Frezza M, Surrenti C, Manzillo G, Fiaccadori F, Bortolini M and Di Padova C: Oral S-adenosylmethionine in the symptomatic treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology 1990; 99(1):211-5.
Neri S, Signorelli S, Lerna D, Mauceri B, Abate G, Bordonaro F and et al: Role of Ademetionine (S-Adenosylmethionine) in Cyclosporin-induced Cholestasis. Clin Drug Investigation 2002; 22 (3):191-5.
Manzillo G, Piccinino F, Surranti C, Freeza M, Giudici GA and Le Grazie C: Multicentre Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Intravenous and Oral S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) in Cholestatic Patients with Liver Disease. Drug Investigation1992; 4 (Suppl.4):90-100.
Dauden E, Castaneda S, Suarez C, Garcia-Campayo J, Blasco AJ, Aguilar MD, Ferrandiz C, Puig L, and Sanchez-Carazo JL, representing the Working Group on Comorbidity in Psoriasis: Integrated Approach to Comorbidity in Patients with Psoriasis. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2012; 103(Supl 1):1–64.
Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, Feldman SR, Gelf and JM, Gordon KB and et al: Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 61:451-85.
Yeung H, Takeshita J , Mehta NN, Kimmel SE, Ogdie A, Margolis DJ, Shin DB, Attor R, Troxel AB, Gelfand JM: Psoriasis Severity and the Prevalence of Major Medical Comorbidity: A Population-Based Study. JAMA Dermatol. 2013; 149(10):1173-9.
Lindsay K, Fraser AD, Layton A, Good field M, Gruss H and Gough A: Liver fibrosis in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis on long-term, high cumulative dose methotrexate therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 48:569–72.
Vardi N, Parlakpinar H, Cetin A, Erdogan A and Cetin Ozturk I: Protective effect of beta-carotene on methotrexate-induced oxidative liver damage. Toxicol Pathol 2010; 38(4):592-7.
Perlamutrov UN: Efficacy of adenetionine in complex therapy of patients with arthropathic psoriasis. Consillium Medicum, Dermatology 2010 (2):2-4.
Sathyanarayana Rao T S, Basavaraj K H, Das K. Psychosomatic paradigms in psoriasis: Psoriasis, stress and mental health. Indian J Psychiatry 2013; 55:313-5.
Kurd SK, Troxel AB, Crits-Christop P and Gelfand JM: The risk of depression, anxiety and suicidality in patients with psoriasis: a population based cohort study. Arch Dermatol 2010; 146(8):891-5.
Papakostas GI, Misxhoulon D, Shyu I, Alpert JE and Fava M: S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for antidepressant non responders with major depressive disorder: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Am J Psychiatry 2010; 167:942-8.
Mischoulon D, Alpert JE, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Fava M and Papakostas GI: Bioavailability of S-adenosyl methionine and impact on response in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2012; 73(6):843-8.
Perlamutrov Y, Bakulev A, Korsunskaya I, Orlov Eand Bolotnikova N: Analytical Method Development And Validation For Simultaneous Determination Of Zaltoprofen And Paracetamol In Their Combined Solid Dosage Form ByRP-HPLC Method. Int J Pharm Sci Res2014; 5(12): 5163-69.doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5 (12).5163-69.
Cited By: 13
Authors: Y. Perlamutrov , A. Bakulev *, I. Korsunskaya, E. Orlov and N. Bolotnikova
Authors Address: Professor, Deputy Chief Physician for the Medical Work at Skin Diseases Clinic, Saratov State Medical University Provianskay st. 22, Saratov, 410028, Russia.
Email: al_ba05@mail.ru
Received: 18 May, 2014
Revised: 10 July, 2014
Accepted: 18 August, 2014
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(12).5163-69


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Le Stade Al-Zawraa (en ) est un stade nouvellement construit à Bagdad en Irak. D'une capacité de  spectateurs, il accueille les rencontres à domicile du club de football d'Al-Zawra'a SC qui évolue au sein du championnat d'Irak. Il est inauguré le .

Histoire
Le stade est situé dans le centre-ville de la capitale Bagdad. Il se trouve sur le site de l'ancien stade d'Al-Zawra'a. L'ancien stade avait une capacité de  places et avait été construit en 1978. En 2011, la construction d'un complexe sportif est annoncée en vue de remplacer l'ancien stade et de moderniser les installations sportives de la ville de Bagdad. Le nouveau stade vise à permettre aux supporters du club d'assister et d'apprécier les matchs de leur équipe dans un nouveau stade conforme aux normes de la FIFA.

En janvier 2012, l'ancien stade est démoli. La démolition et la reconstruction du nouveau stade sont confiées à Boland Payeh Co, une société iranienne. La reconstruction a connu plusieurs interruptions, principalement en raison de problèmes financiers. Il en a résulté des retards importants dans l'achèvement des travaux et le club résident Al-Zawraa SC a du jouer plusieurs saisons à Al-Shaab Stadium.

À l'origine, outre le stade principal, le projet prévoyait la construction d'un hôtel, d'une piscine, d'une salle de sport, d'un aménagement paysager et de voies d'accès au site. Toutes ces structures ont été supprimées par manque de fonds. Seul le projet de stade a été maintenu.

En 2018, la légère amélioration de la situation économique a favorisé la reprise des travaux, sous la supervision de l'ancien ministre de la Jeunesse et des Sports Abdul-Hussein Abtaan. Plus de  tonnes d'armatures,  m3 de béton et  m2 de coffrage ont été nécessaires à la réalisation de ce projet.

Néanmoins, la cadence de travail de l'entreprise iranienne était relativement faible. Le ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports a adressé plusieurs avertissements menaçant de résilier le contrat avec la société Boland Payeh Co si elle n'augmentait pas le rythme des travaux.

Le 15 février 2022, le nouveau stade est officiellement inauguré à l'occasion d'un match du championnat irakien entre Al-Zawraa SC et Al-Diwaniya FC (2-0).

Notes et références

Article connexe
 Al-Zawra'a SC

Équipement sportif achevé en 2022
Stade de football en Irak
Stade portant le nom d'un club sportif
Football à Bagdad


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Arsenal urged to re-sign Jack Wilshere on a free transfer by Darren Bent
Arsenal should consider a move to sign Jack Wilshere on a free transfer, according to Darren Bent
Thursday 26 November 2020, 04:45 UK
Mikel Arteta (Photo: Arsenal Media / Screengrab)
Arsenal boss Mikel Arteta should consider making a move to re-sign Jack Wilshere on a free transfer, according to Darren Bent.
The midfielder is currently without a club after having left West Ham United in the summer transfer window, and he would be available on a free transfer.
Wilshere's recent years have been plagued by injury troubles and the former Arsenal star is now on the lookout for a new club.
The midfielder, 28, came through the Arsenal academy and made 197 appearances for the Gunners before leaving the club on a permanent deal in July 2018.
Bent feels that Wilshere would be a great addition to the Arsenal squad on a pay as you play basis.
Speaking to talkSPORT, as quoted by Metro, Bent said: "I hope he does return. Pay-as-you-play, Jack Wilshere. Why not?
"He's got that creativity and I know he'd be hungry to go back to Arsenal, I know how much he loves the club.
"I'm not saying give him a normal contract, but on a pay-as-you-play, I'd take him back tomorrow.
"He's only 28, a pay-as-you-play deal makes sense. Get Jack Wilshere back."
Arsenal are back in Premier League action this weekend when they host Wolves at The Emirates.
The north London side are aiming to get back to winning ways in the English top flight after having been held to a goalless draw by Leeds United at Elland Road last weekend.
Arsenal finished in eighth place in the Premier League and won the FA Cup under Arteta last term.
MORE: Latest Arsenal news and views
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Nacho Monreal: What I really think about Mikel Arteta at Arsenal


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