What Are The Big Powerwall Alternatives ?
After debuting in 2015, Tesla's Powerwall energized the solar industry. The battery's powerful lithium ion technology, minimalistic design, and integrated inverter inverter made it a favorite among homeowners looking for a solar storage solution. By the time Tesla began producing an improved version in 2016, the Powerwall had become synonymous with solar batteries.
For a long time, the only way to store solar energy was to build your own battery bank. Building a battery bank can be fun if you're into home improvement projects, but it requires more time and some knowledge of amps, volts, and electrical systems. Most people developing their own battery banks use lead acid batteries like those found in cars. They're expensive, bulky, and - in the case of so-called "wet cell" or "flooded" batteries -potentially dangerous. Wet cell batteries require regular topping-off with a corrosive sulfuric acid compound. The more you use the battery, the more often you'll need to refill it. Moreover, the battery corrodes steadily over time because the electrodes within are always reactive.
Of course, you could choose to employ a safer sealed battery that doesn't require anything additional added to it. But setting up any kind of custom battery bank still requires running the wires, purchasing an inverter, and so on. Installing the Powerwall, on the other hand, is much simpler. And while it's a bit more expensive, most analyses comparing DIY battery setups with the Powerwall find that Tesla's product is priced competitively at $5,500 (including the built-in inverter) per 14 kilowatt-hours of storage capacity.
But the Powerwall is far from the only ready-made storage option out there. Unfortunately, for a number of reasons, it's difficult to compare solar batteries. While a cost-per-kilowatt-hour measure is useful for comparing solar panels, using the same measure to evaluate batteries is spurious because unlike solar panels, batteries have varying product lifetimes, energy densities (the amount of energy they can store per unit of weight), and depth of discharge rates.
With these caveats in mind, comparisons aren't impossible. One of the other popular battery options is the Iron Edison Lithium Iron Battery. Like the Powerwall, it has a 10-year warranty. The Iron Edison can store 13.7 usable kilowatt-hours of energy, while the Powerwall can store 13.5 usable kilowatt-hours. But since the Powerwall costs $5,500 and the Iron Edison battery costs $14,900, that means that Iron Edison unit costs over $1,000 per kilowatt-hour, while the Powerwall costs just $407 per kilowatt-hour. Tesla's unit is also far lighter, weighing just 19.7 pounds per kilowatt-hour, while the Iron Edison unit weighs 25.6 pounds per kilowatt-hour.
Another popular battery from a major manufacturer is the LG Chem Residential Storage Energy Unit (RESU). The RESU has less than half the storage capacity (6.5 kilowatt-hours) of the Powerwall and, like the Iron Edison battery, lacks an inverter. Its price isn't much better: at $4,000 per unit, it hovers around $920 per kilowatt-hour. The RESU does have the Powerwall outmatched in at least one area, however: it has an expected lifetime that's 50 to 100 percent longer than that of the Tesla unit.
German battery manufacturer sonnenBatterie offers one of the most expensive home battery options on the market. Their four-kilowatt-hour 's eco compact costs $5,950, or $1,488 per kilowatt-hour. Compared to the Powerwall, it's also about four times heavier per kilowatt-hour. On the plus side, it has an in-built inverter and a gleaming white exterior similar to that of the Powerwall. Sonnen has plans to expand to Australia and Britain, and opened a factory in the U.S. last year.
The Sunverge Solar Integration System (SIS) is one of the best batteries on the market. Its price is marginally higher than that of the Powerwall and its usable storage capacity of 11.6 kilowatt-hours is not quite on par with Tesla's product. But the SIS also has a built-in inverter and an expected lifetime of at least 20 years - twice as long as a Powerwall.
There are also a number of smaller solar batteries on the market that provide energy storage for homeowners who don't need the capacity of a Powerwall. Orison, for instance, offers a 40-pound battery that can store 2.2 kilowatt-hours of electricity. At a cost of $1,600, the Orison unit costs around $727 per kilowatt-hour. Another battery maker, SimpliPhi Power, produces a line of batteries of varying capacities, the largest of which stores 3.4 kilowatt-hours.
In other words, Tesla has some stiff competition. But it will likely maintain its edge for two reasons. First, the Tesla has an aesthetic sensibility that many other solar battery makers do not. The Powerwall is sleek, modern, and clean. Second, the company has a talent for publicity and showmanship. Founder Elon Musk is a household name, and Tesla is associated with a number of impressive technological achievements.
Is battery storage right for you? According to PowerScout, a solar startup, batteries are best for people who are either going off-grid entirely or who live in areas where the grid is unreliable. If you think that you might want a battery at any point in the future, however, it's best to install it at the same time you install your solar panels. Adding a battery to an existing array at a later date costs about $3,000 to $5,000 more than adding one when you get your panels installed.
What is California's Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP)?


Move inking tool in small, circular motions, beginning on scrap paper and slowly moving toward the flower. By using this method, you can better control the amount of ink that is applied and you will create a softer blend of color toward the flower center. Once desired amount of ink is applied, turn flower and repeat to ink all outer edges.... Place a pearl flower stamen in the center of a flower wire and fold the flower wire in half over the center of the pearl flower stamen. Twist the wire together. Twist the wire together. Cut a small square piece of paper (about 2"x2") and fold it in half.
If you like this tropical flower crown, find some of the other floral head wreath tutorials on the site, like our peony head wreath or rose head wreath. Or, explore our metallic paper flowers and crepe paper flowers if you want some inspiration to design your own DIY crown!


agent is to be used. Noted by Ingo Kl�cker.
* passphrase .c (agent_get_passphrase): New arg CANCELED.
* seckey-cert.c (do_check): New arg CANCELED.
(check_secret_key): Terminate loop when canceled.
passphrase_to_dek and translate where appropriate.
* passphrase.c (agent_get_passphrase): Translate the TRYAGAIN_TEXT.
Switch the codeset to utf-8.


text:
Q: SQL Server partitioning across multiple file groups I am analyzing the partition strategies for SQL Server. I came across two choices as follows for allocating the files to partition.

*

*Placing the partitions on the same filegroup

*Placing the partitions on multiple filegroups
Question
When I tried the second approach by creating multiple file groups, partitions, assigning separate physical files for them and populated some data, I am not able to see the data in the physical files. last modified date of the file is not changing when new data is populated.
Is it expected? If we create different files for different partitions, won't data get stored on these files?
When I verified the number of rows per each partition after populating the data, I can see the count as expected for each partition.
Please find the queries used to create file groups and partitions. Am I missing anything in the query?
ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILEGROUP sc_2022_jan;

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILEGROUP sc_2022_feb;

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILEGROUP sc_2022_mar;

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILEGROUP sc_2022_apr;

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILEGROUP sc_2022_may;

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILEGROUP sc_2022_jun;

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILEGROUP sc_oth;

DECLARE @ValueDatePartitionByMonthFunction nvarchar(max) =
N'CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION created_date_half_function (date)
AS RANGE RIGHT FOR VALUES (';
DECLARE @i date = '2022-01-01';
WHILE @i < '2022-06-01'
BEGIN
SET @ValueDatePartitionByMonthFunction += '''' + CAST(@i as nvarchar(10)) + '''' + N', ';
SET @i = DATEADD(month, 1, @i);
END
SET @ValueDatePartitionByMonthFunction += '''' + CAST(@i as nvarchar(10))+ '''' + N');';

EXEC sp_executesql @ValueDatePartitionByMonthFunction;
GO

CREATE PARTITION SCHEME created_date_by_month_scheme
AS PARTITION created_date_half_function
TO (sc_oth,sc_2022_jan, sc_2022_feb, sc_2022_mar, sc_2022_apr, sc_2022_may, sc_2022_jun);

--Some statements to drop existing clustered index and create new one containing the partitioning columns

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILE     (
    NAME = sc_2022_jan_file,
    FILENAME = '/home/admin-pc/Documents/scpartitions/sc_2022_jan_file.ndf',
        SIZE = 10 MB,
        MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED,
        FILEGROWTH = 1024 KB
    ) TO FILEGROUP sc_2022_jan;

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILE     (
    NAME = sc_2022_feb_file,
    FILENAME = '/home/admin-pc/Documents/scpartitions/sc_2022_feb_file.ndf',
        SIZE = 10 MB,
        MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED,
        FILEGROWTH = 1024 KB
    ) TO FILEGROUP sc_2022_feb;

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILE     (
    NAME = sc_2022_mar_file,
    FILENAME = '/home/admin-pc/Documents/scpartitions/sc_2022_mar_file.ndf',
        SIZE = 10 MB,
        MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED,
        FILEGROWTH = 1024 KB
    ) TO FILEGROUP sc_2022_mar;

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILE     (
    NAME = sc_2022_apr_file,
    FILENAME = '/home/admin-pc/Documents/scpartitions/sc_2022_apr_file.ndf',
        SIZE = 10 MB,
        MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED,
        FILEGROWTH = 1024 KB
    ) TO FILEGROUP sc_2022_apr;

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILE     (
    NAME = sc_2022_may_file,
    FILENAME = '/home/admin-pc/Documents/scpartitions/sc_2022_may_file.ndf',
        SIZE = 10 MB,
        MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED,
        FILEGROWTH = 1024 KB
    ) TO FILEGROUP sc_2022_may;

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILE     (
    NAME = sc_2022_jun_file,
    FILENAME = '/home/admin-pc/Documents/scpartitions/sc_2022_jun_file.ndf',
        SIZE = 10 MB,
        MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED,
        FILEGROWTH = 1024 KB
    ) TO FILEGROUP sc_2022_jun;

ALTER DATABASE sc_mf_test
ADD FILE     (
    NAME = sc_oth_file,
    FILENAME = '/home/admin-pc/Documents/scpartitions/sc_oth_file.ndf',
        SIZE = 10 MB,
        MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED,
        FILEGROWTH = 1024 KB
    ) TO FILEGROUP sc_oth;

--query used to verify the count of each partition
SELECT
    p.partition_number AS partition_number,
    p.index_id,
    f.name AS file_group,
    p.rows AS row_count
FROM
    sys.partitions p
JOIN
    sys.destination_data_spaces dds ON p.partition_number = dds.destination_id
JOIN
    sys.filegroups f ON dds.data_space_id = f.data_space_id
WHERE
    OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) = 'sales'
ORDER BY
    partition_number;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
James Bodell ( – 23 September 1892) was a New Zealand soldier, businessman, local politician and writer. He was born in Arnold, Nottinghamshire, England and was Mayor of Tauranga between 1888 and 1889.

Early life
The son of framework knitter William Bodell and his wife, Maria Margrom, James Bodell was baptized in Arnold – a town in the English ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire – on 3 July 1831. The family soon relocated to Leicester, a city around  away, where Bodell attended school for three years.

Enlistment
Bodell enlisted in the 59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot in 1848, the year of a series of revolutions in Western and Central Europe.

Later life
Bodell served in the militia in Waikato from 1863 to 1866. He was briefly a photographer, in the 1870s.

His memoirs, edited by Sir Keith Sinclair, were published in 1982 as A Soldier's View of Empire.

References

External links

1831 births
1892 deaths
Mayors of Tauranga
New Zealand businesspeople
English emigrants to New Zealand
New Zealand writers
New Zealand military personnel
People from Arnold, Nottinghamshire
19th-century New Zealand politicians

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Because you can eat the delicious local cheese in its many variations of taste, aged, in crust of citrus, under walnut leaves, black etc.
Because in the XVth century Pope Pio II, or Enea Silvio Piccolomini, commissioned the architect Bernardo Rossellino, the urban redevelopment of the city at the point that it was called "the ideal city".
Because visiting Pienza, also involves a visit to the wonderful Val d'Orcia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996, recognizable by its famous cypress trees, chosen by many film directors as a film location and for the wonderful villages of San Quirico d'Orcia and Bagno Vignoni a few kilometers, as well as the XIVth century Abbey of Monte Oliveto Maggiore.


text:
package com.amazonaws.services.elasticsearch.model.transform;

import java.math.*;

import javax.annotation.Generated;

import com.amazonaws.services.elasticsearch.model.*;
import com.amazonaws.transform.SimpleTypeJsonUnmarshallers.*;
import com.amazonaws.transform.*;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken;
import static com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken.*;

/**
 * ElasticsearchDomainStatus JSON Unmarshaller
 */
@Generated("com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-code-generator")
public class ElasticsearchDomainStatusJsonUnmarshaller implements Unmarshaller<ElasticsearchDomainStatus, JsonUnmarshallerContext> {

    public ElasticsearchDomainStatus unmarshall(JsonUnmarshallerContext context) throws Exception {
        ElasticsearchDomainStatus elasticsearchDomainStatus = new ElasticsearchDomainStatus();

        int originalDepth = context.getCurrentDepth();
        String currentParentElement = context.getCurrentParentElement();
        int targetDepth = originalDepth + 1;

        JsonToken token = context.getCurrentToken();
        if (token == null)
            token = context.nextToken();
        if (token == VALUE_NULL) {
            return null;
        }

        while (true) {
            if (token == null)
                break;

            if (token == FIELD_NAME || token == START_OBJECT) {
                if (context.testExpression("DomainId", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setDomainId(context.getUnmarshaller(String.class).unmarshall(context));
                }
                if (context.testExpression("DomainName", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setDomainName(context.getUnmarshaller(String.class).unmarshall(context));
                }
                if (context.testExpression("ARN", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setARN(context.getUnmarshaller(String.class).unmarshall(context));
                }
                if (context.testExpression("Created", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setCreated(context.getUnmarshaller(Boolean.class).unmarshall(context));
                }
                if (context.testExpression("Deleted", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setDeleted(context.getUnmarshaller(Boolean.class).unmarshall(context));
                }
                if (context.testExpression("Endpoint", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setEndpoint(context.getUnmarshaller(String.class).unmarshall(context));
                }
                if (context.testExpression("Processing", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setProcessing(context.getUnmarshaller(Boolean.class).unmarshall(context));
                }
                if (context.testExpression("ElasticsearchVersion", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setElasticsearchVersion(context.getUnmarshaller(String.class).unmarshall(context));
                }
                if (context.testExpression("ElasticsearchClusterConfig", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setElasticsearchClusterConfig(ElasticsearchClusterConfigJsonUnmarshaller.getInstance().unmarshall(context));
                }
                if (context.testExpression("EBSOptions", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setEBSOptions(EBSOptionsJsonUnmarshaller.getInstance().unmarshall(context));
                }
                if (context.testExpression("AccessPolicies", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setAccessPolicies(context.getUnmarshaller(String.class).unmarshall(context));
                }
                if (context.testExpression("SnapshotOptions", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setSnapshotOptions(SnapshotOptionsJsonUnmarshaller.getInstance().unmarshall(context));
                }
                if (context.testExpression("AdvancedOptions", targetDepth)) {
                    context.nextToken();
                    elasticsearchDomainStatus.setAdvancedOptions(new MapUnmarshaller<String, String>(context.getUnmarshaller(String.class), context
                            .getUnmarshaller(String.class)).unmarshall(context));
                }
            } else if (token == END_ARRAY || token == END_OBJECT) {
                if (context.getLastParsedParentElement() == null || context.getLastParsedParentElement().equals(currentParentElement)) {
                    if (context.getCurrentDepth() <= originalDepth)
                        break;
                }
            }
            token = context.nextToken();
        }

        return elasticsearchDomainStatus;
    }

    private static ElasticsearchDomainStatusJsonUnmarshaller instance;

    public static ElasticsearchDomainStatusJsonUnmarshaller getInstance() {
        if (instance == null)
            instance = new ElasticsearchDomainStatusJsonUnmarshaller();
        return instance;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


GitHub - PoomSmart/CamRotate: Rotate camera interface in the way you like.
Rotate camera interface in the way you like.
Want to be notified of new releases in PoomSmart/CamRotate?
Give you iPad-like (iOS 6) or Video-like (iOS 7+) camera UI rotation style.
Can permanently lock camera orientation.
Add ability to rotate camera UI while recording video.


text:
About Waterford Global
Karen Swystun
Fred Loewen
Professional and Financial Services
Manufacturing & Retail
Other Industries Served
Upload an RFP
Let us tell you more about our unique approach to search.
Global executive search and recruitment expertise.
Waterford Global Inc. – Terms of Use
Date of Last Update: November 29, 2018
Your use of the Waterford Global Inc. website signifies your unconditional agreement to be bound by all of the terms and conditions of this Website Terms of Use Agreement. If you are unwilling to agree to all of such terms and conditions, you must immediately terminate your use of this website and refrain from any future use of, or access to, the website.
We grant to you a non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited license only to use the Waterford Global Inc. website in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Website Terms of Use Agreement.
We reserve the right to amend these terms and conditions at any time, in our sole discretion, without notice to you; however, we will take steps to publish the amended terms and conditions on our website on, or prior to, the date that they become effective. If any amendment is unacceptable to you, you must immediately terminate your use of our website and refrain from any future use of the website. If you continue to use the Waterford Global Inc. website after the effective date of any amendment to these terms and conditions, you will be conclusively deemed to have accepted the amended version of such terms and conditions.
Nothing on the Website Constitutes Professional Advice. The information contained on the Waterford Global Inc. website is intended to be general in nature only and is not intended to be construed as professional advice or any other kind of advice. You acknowledge and agree that no professional, consulting, advisory or fiduciary relationship of any kind is created, or deemed to be created, by this Agreement or your use of the Waterford Global Inc. website.
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Waterford Global Inc.'s corporate name, the shortened "Waterford Global" business name, the Waterford Global Inc. design marks, and the slogan "Search – done differently" are all tradenames and/or trademarks owned by Waterford Global Inc. Any use of the tradenames or trademarks, or other intellectual property owned by Waterford Global Inc., except as may be expressly authorized by the terms and conditions of this Agreement, is strictly prohibited.
Additional Restrictions on Use. Without limiting the generality of any other restrictions set forth in these terms and conditions, you agree that you will not, directly or indirectly:
upload or transmit any files to the Waterford Global Inc. website that contain bugs, viruses, trojan horses, worms, or any other similar software or programs that may damage or impair the operation of the website or Waterford Global Inc.'s property, or the property of another;
upload or transmit any files or materials to the Waterford Global Inc. website that are unlawful, threatening, intimidating, libelous, defamatory, abusive, vulgar, sexually explicit, obscene or indecent;
upload or transmit any files or materials to the Waterford Global Inc. website that violate, plagiarize or infringe the propriety rights or privacy rights of any third party; or
use any material or information, including images or photographs, which are made available through the website in any manner that infringes the copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret or proprietary right of any party.
Through your continued use of the Waterford Global Inc. website, you acknowledge that you have read Waterford Global Inc.'s Privacy Policy that is published on the website, as it may be updated from time to time, and hereby consent to the collection, use and disclosure by us of your personal information (whether previously collected or to be collected) for the purposes identified therein. You also consent to our use of such personal information in accordance with the terms and conditions of Waterford Global Inc.'s Privacy Policy, which is incorporated herein by reference and forms and integral part of these terms and conditions.
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Contact us at Waterford Global or submit a business inquiry online.
"Waterford Global was selected as our organization's exclusive recruitment partner for our most difficult searches. Waterford Global's strength in consistently being able to place top talent in highly specialized roles, even during times of media focus and scrutiny on our organization, speaks to the firm's ability to achieve successful long-term placements through its extensive talent network and its clear understanding of the candidates' track records. Based on our experience with Waterford Global, and its in-depth understanding of our business, our political environment, and also the skills and competencies required in order to succeed in our organization, we would highly recommend the firm for any searches."
Former Vice President, Organizational Development
International Grain Marketing Organization
Hear from our clients.
As a retained executive search and recruitment firm, Waterford Global specializes in recruiting mid-to-senior professional and executive level talent domestically and internationally. Headquartered in Canada with satellite offices around the world, our global reach allows us to regularly deliver service to more than 60 countries in North America, Europe, and Asia.
© Waterford Global Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Search – done differently.
Copyright © 2021 Waterford Global Inc. All rights reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We would like to invite you to join us for these upcoming charitable events we are involved with.
The Samantha's Harvest Charity Golf Tournament is coming up on September 16. It raises money for Samantha's harvest which supports individuals and organizations that assist those with Down syndrome. It's held at the Thomson Country Club in North Reading and we'd love to see you support this.
The Bill Donovan Memorial Golf Classic will take place on September 26 at the Hickory Hill Golf Course in Methuen. It is in memory of Bill Donovan who lost his battle with esophageal cancer in 2012.
One hundred percent (100%) of all the proceeds will go DIRECTLY to the Dr.Enzinger Esophageal/Stomach Research Fund.
You can learn more about the event here and how to support the efforts.


and Crafts Center Bldg No.
Morning Worship 1? :0Q A.M.
Revival Time Rally (Sun.) .7:00 P.M.
Mid-Week 5*rv. (Wed.) *.. .7:30 P.M.
YPA (So*.) (Youth) .7:30 P.M.
If STANDS ON W CORKER.
first major command on Ft.
paign (CFC) goal. As of Oct.
CFC Project Officer Lt. Col.
For financing arvi insurance you can rely on GEICO® and Affiliates.
Officer Lt. Col. Frank H.
stated the 180th Trans. Bn.
Ladies Bible Study ...9:30 A.M.
1941. (Photo by Robert Patterson).
Spark Plugs at your exchange service station.
What brand of spark plugs do you normally use?
How often do you change plugs in your car?
FREE with the purchase of any set of Prestolite Spark Plugs.
Available now at your exchange or base service station.
or constitute an endorsement by AAFES.
Fort Hood Sentinel (Temple, Tex.), Vol. 32, No. 32, Ed. 1 Friday, October 12, 1973, newspaper, October 12, 1973; Temple, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth255201/m1/2/: accessed April 25, 2019), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Casey Memorial Library.


A financial debt instrument that is linked with green and climate friendly assets or projects.
Climate Bonds Initiative's "FairTrade"-like scheme that ensures the bond is aligned with the Paris Agreement 2 degree warming limit. This scheme is comprised of several steps and processes.
The entity that wants to issue a green bond and highlight its green and climate friendly credentials. This can be a private company, a listed company, a bank, a government department, a government related agency, etc.
A third party, independent company that checks the bond against the Climate Bonds Standard and provide assurance to the market that the bond meets the requirements.
The process by which the bond issuer engages a Verifier to ensure their bond issuance complies with the Climate Bonds Standard and Certification Scheme. It is comprised of steps both before and after the bond issuance (see below).
The "first half" of the verification process, which happens before the bond the issuance. This may take from a couple of weeks up to a few months, depending on the complexity of the bond or assets. The issuer engages an Approved Verifier, who will guide the issuer through the process of Certification and if necessary, help them identify which projects and assets are eligible. The Verifier will then complete a report for the Climate Bonds Standard Board to review and understand whether the bond is eligible for Certification.
The report produced as a part of the pre issuance verification procedures.
The "second half" of the verification process, which happens after the bond issuance. This is simpler and generally a quick check to see that the issuer has followed its plans and allocated the funds appropriately as stated in the pre issuance verification. The issuer engages the same Verifier as before and a report is produced within 12 months of the bond issuance.
The report produced as a part of the post issuance verification procedures.
Over the term of the bond, the issuer will provide a report to confirm that their assets haven't changed and the funds are allocated appropriately. This report will be published on Climate Bonds' website and publicly available. Climate Bonds' does not require that this report have any involvement of the Verifier, however some issuers have chosen to engage the Verifier again to produce more detailed reports.


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(Cancellation requests must be sent to [email protected])
A recreational player who cancels his/her registration at least three weeks prior to the start of the season (first scheduled game) is entitled to a full refund. Cancellation requests made less than three weeks prior to the start of the season will incur a $50 cancellation fee. Refund requests made after the start of the season will only be honored in the following instances:
Moving Out of Area: If a registered recreational player moves out of the area (25 miles radius from TYSA), a refund of the registration fee will be allowed as follows:
First two weeks of season: 50%
2-4 weeks into the season: 25%
More than 4 weeks into the program: no refund will be issued.
Injury: In the event of a serious injury or disabling illness that prevents a registered player from playing the duration of the season, a refund may be allowed as follows:
The Capital Improvement Assessment ($30) is non-refundable.


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Nine-Year-Old Trips Over Rock That Turns Out To Be Fossil Of Human "Missing Link"
It is believed that the 2 million-year-old skeleton fills the gap between our apelike ancestors and those early humans who used tools.
Wikimedia CommonsThe skull of Au. sediba.
A little boy walking his dog in South Africa unknowingly stumbled across the remains of a nearly 2 million-year-old couple that is now believed to fill an integral gap in our understanding of human evolution.
In 2008, nine-year-old Matthew Berger and his dog tripped over the partly fossilized bones of an adult female and a juvenile male in a cavern in Malapa, near Johannesburg, South Africa. Since then, there has been much debate over whether these remains are genuinely distinct from previously discovered species.
Wikimedia CommonsNine-year-old Matthew Berger upon the skeleton's discovery.
The bones were found to be a close relative of the Homo genus and have come to be known as Australopithecus sediba (Au. Sediba) — "Australopithecus" means "southern ape." And now, according to a new study, the remains are believed to be the bridge in human evolution between early humans and our more apelike ancestors.
Australopithecus sediba is thought to come between the 3-million-year-old apelike species known as Australopithecus afarensis (from which the famous "Lucy" specimen comes) and the "Handyman" species known as Homo habilis, who used tools 1.5 million to 2.1 million years ago.
And these latest Au. Sediba skeletons are even more complete than the famous "Lucy," whose 1974 discovery was previously unprecedented.
"The anatomies we are seeing in Australopithecus sediba are forcing us to reassess the pathway by which we became human," reported Jeremy DeSilva, co-author of the study.
Wikimedia CommonsThe skeleton of Au. sediba on display at Maropeng, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa.
Though some researchers have noted this discovery as indeed that of a unique species since its uncovering in 2008, this latest study illustrates precisely how Au. sediba is, in fact, distinct. The study thoroughly describes the new species' anatomy and has found similarities with early members of the Homo genus "suggesting a close evolutionary relationship."
The hands of the nearly 2-million-year-old Au. sediba resemble those of Homo habilis but are not the same, which suggests that the former was also able to use tools or at the very least, had a more precise grip than that of earlier species.
Australopithecus sediba is also now believed to have walked on two feet, though it would have spent much of its time in the trees, "perhaps for foraging and protection from predators," the study said.
And all this, remember, came from an accidental discovery.
"Imagine for a moment that Matthew stumbled over the rock and continued following his dog without noticing the fossil," the authors wrote. "If those events had occurred instead, out science would not know about Au. sediba, but those fossils would still be there, still encased in calcified clastic sediments, still waiting to be discovered."
Next up, check out the story behind the Hasanlu lovers, two skeletons locked in a 2,800-year-old embrace. Then, read about this discovery of an extraordinarily well-preserved military horse uncovered in Pompeii.
9 History-Making Photos Of The Moon's Proverbial Dark Side
Serial Killer Gary Heidnik: The Real-Life Buffalo Bill Who Fed One Of His Victims To His Prisoners


The following are images of the components we presently offer for the Superbird. There are 55 pictures of these parts and their alternative views. Scroll down this page and click on any one to view the full size version; click again to double that size.


When Are Painting Services Needed?
Are the walls peeling again? There's a stain on that wall you can't remove, too? Does your house just look like it is crumbling? Worry not; the solution is simpler than you think!
Many would acknowledge that by re-painting is an easy and quick solution to refresh the look of your premises. From a recoat of paint to simply changing the colour of your interior, painting is the go-to home improvement plan that never fails.
Painting your home's exterior or interior walls and trims brings added value, and many various benefits. Maintaining a new coat of paint on your walls and trims can clearly boost one's premises' appeal, adding to your premises' value.
But a good paint job can't possible benefit my family's health, can it? Yes, it can! In fact, in homes with plaster walls, by painting, it has the ability to keep harmful dirt and dust to the minimum! Paint keeps plaster in check, and dust to a minimum. In addition, painting interior walls, trim and other surfaces with quality paints and finishes can help to reduce fumes and odors thus promoting better air quality.
Now that we know the benefits of a quality paint job, time to head to the paint shop and grab a few cans of paint, brushes and some turpentine; and soon you'll be giving your home that fresh new look with a paint job. Simple, right?
No, wrong! While painting may look and seem like an easy thing to do, it is actually an intricate job that requires substantial knowledge and planning. While your DIY paint job may look fine at first, peeling or blistering might occur sometime after due to moisture or improper painting, leaving you back at square one.
Our solution: professional painting services. Professional painters handle entire paint jobs from start to end without you having to do a thing! Professional painters have all the necessary equipment which leaves you without the hassle of sourcing for cheap quality paints. In addition, professional painters have a large selection of paint with a huge variety of colours for you to pick from and can even advise you on how to pick colours that will complement your interior décor.
Sanding walls, using special brushes for painting oddly angled corners, and coating walls with the right amount primer and paint are all part of a professional painters' arsenal and skills set. Not only will the paint job be done with top quality, but proper cleaning materials also ensure that professional painters can make your house spotless and look refreshingly beautiful immediately.
While some out there may be convinced painting the house is a DIY job, we know that it is an intricate job that requires the hands of a professional for results of the upmost quality. There are many professionals offering affordable, quality painting services that promise the face-lift your home may need. So take a step back, and allow these professionals to transform your house; mess-free, fuss-free and stress-free!


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Policy —
Meet the nice-guy lawyers who want $1,000 per worker for using scanners
"It's not some kind of bull. We're not trying to harass people."
Joe Mullin - Apr 8, 2013 1:00 am UTC
Mac Rust: From "Ponzi schemes" to patent trolling
The practice known as "patent trolling" certainly has its detractors, but it is unquestionably legal. Patents can be licensed by anyone, whether they're being used or not. Whoever "the client" behind MPHJ is, he or she is unlikely to be accused of criminal behavior.
Rust's earlier clients, however, have faced more serious accusations. Before Rust moved to Waco and became a patent enforcer for MPHJ, he had an office about 90 miles away in Stephenville, Texas, and he did some work for a man named Steven Dean Kennedy. Kennedy offered loans through shell companies he called Atlantic Rim Funding and West Coast Holdings. In 2008, a couple named Jay and Anita Hyman wrote checks to Rust totaling $650,000, thinking they were loaning money to West Coast Holdings that would be paid back, with interest rates ranging from 17 to 22 percent.
But they say they weren't paid. In 2010, the Hymans filed a lawsuit against West Coast, Kennedy—and Mac Rust. It was Rust who had collected the $650,000, and the checks were made out to him, according to court documents.
Rust tried to get out of the case on jurisdictional grounds, but the judge wouldn't allow it. Rust filed papers that denied any liability and blamed Kennedy and West Coast. Court documents show that Rust reached a settlement with the Hymans in November 2012.
The Hymans weren't the only ones claiming they got bilked by Rust and Kennedy. A complaint filed by a Philadelphia-area nonprofit in 2012 was more direct about Kennedy's behavior, alleging that Kennedy was running a "Ponzi Scheme"—with Rust as a key lawyer.
Those allegations are from a 2012 complaint filed by the Land Conservancy of Elkins Park, a nonprofit that operates a 42 acre historic estate near Philadelphia. In 2010, the Conservancy was in a bad financial situation and filed for bankruptcy protection. As part of a settlement, it arranged to get funding from a source that would prove unreliable—Kennedy's Atlantic Rim Funding.
In court documents, Conservancy lawyers say Atlantic Rim kept the Conservancy's $600,000 deposit and went into "radio silence" when they tried to get some of their money withdrawn in late 2011.
Atlantic Rim and Kennedy "represented that they had billions of dollars worth of bonds and that at any time the Deposit would be secure," wrote Conservancy lawyers. Rust "claimed to have done substantial business with Atlantic Rim" and assured Conservancy representatives that they could get their money back at any time.
The complaint makes clear that Kennedy, not Rust, was in ultimate control of Atlantic Rim. Unlike Kennedy, Rust kept communicating and "indicate[d] a desire to help the [Conservancy] obtain the return of the Deposit." Still, they claimed that Rust wasn't providing straight answers. And, they said, "Rust revealed, perhaps unintentionally, that a number of borrowers were looking to have their deposits returned. This caused the Debtor great concern."
Rust filed an answer in July 2012 saying that he had extricated himself from the matter, selling the Conservancy's bonds for $360,000, an amount that the Conservancy had agreed to.
In October, the bankruptcy case was resolved. The court entered a $3.1 million judgment against Kennedy and Atlantic Rim, who were nowhere to be found. Lawsuits against Kennedy, meanwhile, keep piling up—but the claims against Rust were dismissed.
Anonymous scanner-trolls "encourage others to invent"
When target companies fail to pay up after the first round of letters, they are ultimately contacted by lawyers from Farney Daniels, the Georgetown, Texas law firm retained by MPHJ. In-house lawyers like Mac Rust refer to Farney Daniels as "litigation counsel," but Farney Daniels has filed no lawsuits on these patents.
At the top of the firm is Bryan Farney, a name partner who's an experienced patent lawyer, and in charge of many aspects of the licensing campaign. Farney, like Rust, is genial on the phone. He read our previous coverage before the interview and was eager to emphasize two points that he felt weren't made clear in the January story.
First of all: Steven Vicinanza, the owner of Atlanta's Blue Wave Computing who spoke out about his fight against these patents, never won his lawsuit on the merits. It was Farney's client who decided to walk away from the suit. "The new owner, MPHJ, didn't want any litigation going on," said Farney. "The client wanted to start with a clean slate and wanted the case dropped. So Blue Wave was the beneficiary of timing."
Second: Farney said that his client is going after scanner users, not to avoid doing battle with big scanner makers like HP and Canon but because there's no other use for the patents. Because of the way the patents are written, MPHJ actually can't go after scanner manufacturers. Only the whole "system"—putting the scanner together with a network—infringes.
"The devices can be used in plenty of non-infringing ways," Farney explained. "Several of the major manufacturers have talked to us about these patents, and they agree with us. The product they sell is not infringing. It's putting the whole system together. If you have an office scanner that scans with one button, is hooked up to a network, and can send e-mail—you infringe."
If that sounds like pretty much everyone using a modern scanner that is hooked up to the Internet—that's how Farney sees it, too.
"The inventor obviously came up with something that's widely used," Farney said. "That happens sometimes."
I asked Farney if he really believes the named inventor, Laurence Klein, was the first person to think up a system that scans to documents on a network. The earliest of the four patents that MPHJ uses was filed by Klein in 1997.
"No one had a system where you did these things—where a scanner, a LAN, a PC, and the application software [were linked] with automatic or one-button scan," said Farney. "There were some technical reasons for that."
As for Klein himself, Farney has scant information about him. "My understanding is that he had an IT business, and he was trying to figure out how to do this exact thing," he said. "I think the [current] client has some connection [to Klein]."
And Farney says he has looked at all the prior art, like the 1996 Ricoh patent, that has been sent to him. None of it invalidates Klein's invention, said Farney.
Today, patent office records indicate that Klein lives in an Israeli settlement in the West Bank. There's no evidence that Klein's business succeeded, that he ever executed his idea of a networked scanner, or that he ever shared his ideas. There's no evidence the companies that make scanners and printers had heard of him before these threats, although they surely have now. So was Klein really an "inventor," as most people would understand the term?
"That depends on your understanding of patent law," said Farney. "Every patent lawyer in the country deals with engineers who tend to think that things aren't patentable. But that isn't the law. The first one to invent does get a patent."
Is it really ethical or fair to demand thousands of dollars from hundreds of American businesses just for using basic scanners? And is it right that this is being done on behalf of an anonymous client with some murky connection to the guy who supposedly invented all this?
"Well, you clearly said it wasn't fair," said Farney, referring to Ars' January story on MPHJ and Project Paperless. He continued:
But it's a more nuanced question. My expectation is many of your readers work in high tech. I can tell you almost all of them at some point in their career will have a really good idea. Probably more than one.
The second thing they'll think is: how do they protect that idea and stop someone from copying it? If they try to go make a business out of the idea, they're going to ask that.
Many of your readers would want to go patent [their idea.] If they went to investors, the investors would want to patent it. Now how do those patents have value if they can't be enforced?
Farney's defense of MPHJ's behavior was wholehearted, and his belief in the patent religion was total. He was sincere and polite on the phone. Still, I had to ask again: did he really think what he and MPHJ were doing was good for innovation in America? MPHJ may have bought patents representing the "idea" of networked scanners, and that's perfectly legal. But MPHJ hadn't created any kind of manufacturing business around them.
"No, but they stepped into the shoes of the guys that did," said Farney. "MPHJ is getting a fair license value for these patents. That encourages others to invent and allows others to go get patents and raise money based on them." Even if the original inventor had started a small business, "he wouldn't have been able to raise money if he hadn't been able to protect the idea."
MPHJ still hasn't filed any lawsuits, but it could happen. Target companies have reported getting copies of "draft complaints" in the last several weeks.
"I believe the client will try to reach people on reasonable terms," said Farney. "Most likely, there will be litigation at some point."
307 with 240 posters participating
Joe Mullin Joe has covered the intersection of law and technology, including the world's biggest copyright and patent battles, since 2007.
Email joe.mullin@arstechnica.com // Twitter @joemullin


At a public hearing in Sacramento, the DMV heard comments from a wide range of stakeholders on the state's proposed autonomous vehicle rules.
SACRAMENTO, Calif. — On March 10, the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) released its revised regulations on driverless cars. The new rules eliminate the requirement for a human driver to be present inside autonomous vehicles (AVs), prohibit manufacturers from advertising autonomous vehicles that do not meet the DMV's definition and force the AV producer to submit a 15-point self-certify safety checklist to the National Highway Safety Traffic Administration as well as the DMV.
The release of the newly proposed guidelines kicked off a 45-day public comment period during which industry representatives, advocacy groups and local governments were able to make their views known in order to influence the final product. On April 25, DMV Director Jean Shiomoto, DMV Chief Counsel Brian Soublet and DMV Deputy Director Bernard Soriano held another public hearing in Sacramento to conclude the public comment period.
Startups, automotive giants, transportation network companies, several California cities and individual residents provided their views on the proposed regulations.
In order to fully realize the benefits of AVs, the technology must be able to fit into the existing system of infrastructure and mobility. "Autonomous vehicles need to support our efforts to build safe streets and achieve our Vision Zero traffic goals," said San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Director of Sustainable Streets Tom Maguire. One suggestion to ensure safety offered at the hearing was to limit the speed for AVs to 25 mph on city streets.
Both Los Angeles and San Francisco argued that there are two main factors that will help cities maximize the benefits of AVs. "Cities have an obligation to provide safe, well-run infrastructure and cannot do that without access to data and street management," said Cohen.
Due to the ability of AVs to constantly measure congestion and any potholes they encounter, this data is invaluable for local governments. With it, they would be able to plan more efficient infrastructure projects and be alerted to necessary maintenance.
The information is also crucial in designing safer streets. "Cities need comprehensive data on disengagements and collisions in a standardized format on a regular basis," said Cohen. Armed with the data on where AVs are forced to forfeit controls back to a human driver, cities could examine why it may be happening. And although AV permitholders are required to log any disengagements and provide that data to the DMV, it is only done annually, which is too infrequent to be useful to cities, argued Maguire.
Several representatives from the auto industry appeared at the hearing, and their message, not surprisingly, was that some regulations go too far. One issue brought up by Ford's Andre Welch was the suggestion that all types of vehicles adhere to the same AV permitting process.
Truly recognizing the benefits of AVs, Welch explained, means exploring the possibilities for "autonomous multi-passenger shuttles." Last fall, the company acquired Chariot, a Bay Area-based startup that specializes in on-demand shuttles.
Matthew Burton, legal director for Uber, requested a similar action from the DMV. The company bought Otto, a self-driving freight truck company, in August 2016. "We believe testing permit regulations are adequate for all motor vehicles," he said. "There is no need for a separate permitting process for freight vehicles."
Soublet responded to the request by stating that the DMV intends to work on a separate permitting process for freight trucks and vehicles over 10,000 pounds after the smaller vehicle regulations are complete.
In order to get this life-saving technology to the public as quickly as possible, safety improvements need to be made rapidly, with an explanation provided to the DMV at a later date, said Hemmersbaugh.
Ron Medford of Waymo, the spin-off from Google's self-driving car project, iterated some of the same concerns as other automakers, but added one unique request.
In the proposed regulations, a remote operator must be able to take over an AV in case of an extreme emergency. This can either be a communication link for someone to guide a user on how to bring the vehicle to a safe stop, or a remote controller of the vehicle. Medford requested that the "remote operator" functions can be performed by multiple persons within a single entity.


Mekko Chart in QlikView is very useful to display up to three levels of data. In this article we will show you, How to Create a Mekko Chart in QlikView with example. For this we are going to use the data present in the following Excel table.
From the below screenshot you can observe that, we are loading the above specified excel sheet into the QlikView. I suggest you to refer Import data from Excel to QlikView article to understand the steps involved in importing the excel tables.
In this example we will create a Mekko chart for all the Countries, Occupation, and it's corresponding sales amount. To do this, we are going to use the Country, occupation Columns as the dimension data, and the Sales Amount expression.
Another approach is to Right-click on the Report area will open the Context menu. Please select the New Sheet Object from the context menu, and then select the Charts.. option.
Please select the Dimension columns that you want to use in your Mekko chart. For this example, we are adding the Country, and Occupation dimensions to the used dimension section.
Once you click on the Next button, an Expression page will be opened, and on top of that, a pop up window called Edit Expression will be opened. You can use this window to write the custom expression.
As you can see from the below screenshot, we are writing an expression under the Expression OK section. If you don't know to write an expression, Please select the Filed as Sales Amount, Aggregation as Sum, and click the Paste button.
Click OK button to close the edit expression window, and then click Next button.
Sort page is useful to specify the sorting order for the dimensions. In this example, you can sort the Country in Ascending, or Descending order.
Next page is used to change the look, and style of a Mekko chart. Here we are changing the Plot Area Background Style to Shadow, and Plot Color Style to Light Gradient.
Presentation page is used to change the Presentation of a Mekko chart. For example, you can change the Data Point, you can enable scrolling on axis etc.
Formatting the Expression value: As we all know that the Sum of Sales Amount is money, so we are selecting the money.
Layout page provide the shadow effects to your Mekko chart, you can apply the custom theme by clicking an Apply Theme button. From the below screenshot you can see that, we changed the shadow intensity to Intense, and Border width to 3 (extra thickness to border).
Now you can see our newly created Mekko Chart in QlikView.
Let me hover over my mouse on the Mekko chart. As you can see from the below screenshot, it is displaying the Country Name, Occupation, and it's Sales amount (Data label).


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Features August 2013 Issue
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Well Structured ATC
Mysterious and complex as it may seem from the outside, an air traffic controller's job relies on only three simple concepts: teamwork, organization, and communication.
In spring 2003, I was halfway through my flight training. My instructor and I were chatting about air traffic control. He'd just visited the local TRACON. From his description, I pictured a dark room filled with the intense chatter of men and women half-lit by radar scopes and blinking sci-fi lights.
A few short years later, I'd be a radar controller in one of those dark rooms. My imagination hadn't been far off. In due course, I also became a tower controller.
In '03, that all was rocket surgery to me. I'd only visited my local control tower. Their ability to manage a pattern full of Cessnas from their glass office seemed magical, but what most intrigued me were those mysterious voices answering to "Departure," "Approach," and "Center" who lived beyond our airport's airspace. I wasn't really sure how all of those facilities were interconnected.
There's no denying the USA's air traffic control system is layered, technical, and complex. But I've discovered every day I do my job, the ideas behind all that are actually pretty simple.
Organized Oversight
To understand any system, one must first understand its basic purpose. Engines produce thrust. Wings generate lift. Air traffic control's intent is summed up by its FAA-issued mandate: "The safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of aircraft."
That's nicely phrased, but not exactly overflowing with details. Controllers work as a team to help aircraft get from their departure point to their destination safely. We sequence them with other traffic and separate them from threats to their safety like other aircraft, special use airspace, and obstacles. If they have a mission to accomplish along the way—be it military operations or civilian requests like IFR training or aerial photography—we coordinate amongst ourselves to get the pilots what they request. Additional services include emergency assistance and weather advisories.
This is a team effort. A typical airline flight from New York to Los Angeles may talk to several dozen controllers. A local IFR flight may only talk to a few. In either case, each controller watches out for potential conflicts.
There are approximately 15,000 FAA controllers in the USA, with thousands more working at military airfields and in privately-managed contract towers. Employment status doesn't matter. They all apply the same rulebook—FAA Order 7110.65—and use the same standardized phraseology.
While the rules are universal, they're broken down by the three main types of ATC facilities: tower, TRACON, and center. Each facility type has a very specific role to play.
Knife Fight
Ask a random member of the non-flying public about air traffic control. The majority will describe that most visible of aviation icons: an airport control tower.
Your journey through the national airspace system may begin with a tower controller saying "Cleared for takeoff" or may end with "Cleared to land." Before the controller can utter those phrases, he must exercise good judgment and ensure spacing exists. He is, after all, watching over your most critical phases of flight: takeoff and landing.
At times working in those glass offices can feel like an Olympic ping pong match, fast and furious, controllers making snappy decisions in tight quarters: How do I fit this jet in with my pattern traffic? Do my departures match my overlying radar controllers' expectations?
When they're watching airplanes through the windows, towers can run airplanes closer than a radar controller relying on sensors dozens or hundreds of miles away from their traffic. Required tower separation in VFR conditions is at times measured in feet, not miles. "Tower-provided visual separation" makes tight squeeze-plays possible.
Experience with specific aircraft performance characteristics is a huge plus. We use "miles per minute" a lot. If I have a Boeing 737 clocking 120 knots on two mile final—putting him over the threshold in sixty seconds—then I shouldn't clear a Piper Cherokee for takeoff in front of him. Swap that Boeing on final for a 70 knot Cessna who will take almost two minutes to fly those two miles and I can launch the Cherokee.
Towers have to coordinate with overlying radar facilities for departures on IFR flight plans to maintain the required IFR separation in all weather conditions: a minimum of three miles horizontally, 1000 feet vertically, or 15 degrees of heading divergence. A tower controller can't just clear an IFR departure without letting radar know he's coming. Traffic conflicts with other IFR traffic can occur if radar isn't protecting airspace for the departure. It'd be like throwing a football at someone without first yelling "Catch!"
Towers and radar therefore have letters of agreement (LOAs) that specify how departure coordination is handled. A tower controller may have told you,
"Hold short. Awaiting release." He's waiting on radar to grant him permission to "release" your departure. These releases may be done verbally or automated via computer. The bigger the airport, the more automated the system. The end result is organized, safe service.
Crosstown Traffic
The airspace within fifty miles of a major airport is as complicated as it gets. Jets and high performance aircraft are screaming out of the flight levels to land. Other fast-movers are rocketing off the runways, scrapping for higher. In between, lower level general aviation and military traffic goes about its business.
This crossing traffic requires a different facility: the Terminal Radar Approach Control, or TRACON. If tower controllers are ping pong players, then TRACONs are racquetball players, with a bigger court and planes that are moving fast and quickly changing altitude.
TRACON's racquetball court is typically up to 10,000 feet within 50 miles. However, there's no such thing as a "typical" layout. Each is designed to fit a specific traffic flow. Miami Approach owns up to 15,000 feet, for example. TRACON facilities themselves range in size from only a few radar sectors to massive consolidated facilities like Potomac TRACON whose dozens of scopes cover many airports.
Radar sectors are staffed according to traffic level. During slow periods, one controller may work a TRACON's entire airspace. As traffic increases, the airspace is subdivided into sectors to divide workload. Each sector's scope can be manned by two people: the radar controller who's talking on the frequency, and a radar handoff. The handoff acts like a second pair of eyes, helping out the primary controller by pointing out traffic conflicts and coordinating with other sectors and facilities.
Every controller must have instant recall of his and his neighbors' sectors and facilities, including all the VHF and UHF frequencies. When you're busy, there's no time to look it up. If you don't know this stuff, you don't get certified.
For departures, TRACONs have to adhere to LOAs with their overlying center and any adjacent TRACONs, assigning aircraft specific routes or altitudes as required. Arrivals are fed to the TRACON according to those same LOAs to keep them separated from the departures. Once the planes start heading in, controllers need to make some critical choices. Who's number one to the airport? Number two, three? Once they make that call, they vector—using heading, altitude, and speed assignments—to organize the planes.
Bigger, Badder
As big as some TRACONs are, they're nothing compared to the twenty Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs) that work all of the remaining airspace.
Miami Center alone is responsible for the airspace between Orlando, Florida down to the Dominican Republic. That's 2.95 million cubic miles of airspace. Managing that demands a lot of coordination and staff. Centers employ hundreds of FAA controllers, divided into geographic jurisdictions called "areas."
Each area is then subdivided into individual radar sectors which—like TRACONs—are combined and split based on traffic. One center sector alone can be thousands of cubic miles, overseeing multiple TRACONs. Center scopes are manned by R-Side controllers, the folks you hear on the frequency. If traffic complexity builds, a D-Side can plug in, who performs the same functions as a TRACON's Radar Handoff.
Center traffic is the most varied, including jets streaking across the country in the flight levels and heavily traveled oceanic routes, down to traffic at tiny uncontrolled airports in the boonies. Their most complex work usually involves organizing traffic to and from the major airports beneath them. When you're dealing with a hundred or more aircraft arriving at an airport per hour, that organization needs to start early.
Look at a major airport like Miami. Its international and domestic arrivals come en masse from all directions and altitudes. To ease controller and pilot workload, Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) procedures simplify flow into these large airports. They require planes to cross certain fixes at certain altitudes, creating predictable descent paths that can begin over a hundred miles from the destination airport. As aircraft are sequenced to join a STAR, and if they follow the course, they should remain in sequence. These STARSs relieve workload, reduce frequency-cluttering vectors, and allow the controller to maintain better situational awareness.
Over the course of hundreds of miles, Miami Center controllers take this chaotic flow, and through STARs, vectoring, speed, and altitude control, carefully compress them into organized "streams" of traffic that are then fed to Miami Approach. Miami Approach takes these multiple streams, blends them further, and directs them to individual runways.
For departures, the same thing happens in reverse. Departures come off a runway in a single stream. Approach starts prying them apart, assisted in this process by Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs)— the departure equivalent of STARs. SIDs and STARs are designed to keep their respective departures and arrival streams from crossing.
Doin' It the Hard Way
ATC tech is no different than any other aviation equipment: it has limitations, and it occasionally breaks. When computer automation isn't up to the task, mere mortals take up the slack by actually talking to each other. All related facilities are joined by voice landlines.
Weather issues and system failures make those landlines buzz. TRACON may advise center that an aircraft is deviating around a thunderstorm. Center can call tower and advise them they're rerouting certain outbound airplanes around weather. Computer glitches can force us to pass on flight plan information verbally. I've worked several long days when the complete Host interface failed and we had to verbally coordinate every single plane in and out of our airspace.
ATC's aim is to keep this interconnected infrastructure transparent to the pilot while you stay busy flying the plane. It's our job to make this complex network work smoothly so you get to your destination safely in an orderly and expeditious fashion.
Inside the Tower
Each tower is staffed by a team of controllers, divided into four key positions: Flight Data, Clearance Delivery, Ground Control, and Local Control. Fully certified controllers are capable of working each position interchangeably.
Flight Data doesn't talk to aircraft directly, but records ATIS broadcasts and handles weather updates, emergency coordination, and NOTAMs. In some towers, like mine, controllers are certified to take weather readings both manually and via various sensors.
Clearance Delivery issues IFR clearances, VFR departure instructions, and advises pilots of flow control programs to their destinations. They also provide flight plan quality assurance, confirming correct altitude for direction of flight, reasonable routing, etc. They fix these on the ground, before they become problems in the air.
Ground Control manages the movement of aircraft to and from the runways and their parking areas. Departures need to be sequenced to the runway in proper order. For instance, if a Chicago-bound airliner has a release time of 1204Z, he shouldn't be put behind a Charlotte-bound airliner with a 1209Z time.
Local Control—"Tower"—sequences and separates aircraft on the active runways and within the tower's designated airspace. They're constantly making decisions to build gaps for arriving and departing aircraft and keeping their pattern traffic appropriately spaced.
Major airports and even some busier GA airports have such high traffic volume that they'll split off multiple GC or LC positions, each with their own frequency. During slower periods, all of these positions may be combined on one person. On my late-night closing or early morning shifts, I'll just put on all of the hats and work everything on my own. —TK.
Hi-Tech the ATC Way
Each ARTCC's computer manages flight plans and automates data transfer between facilities. The decades-old version, Host, is being replaced by ERAM—En Route Automation Modernization. ERAM provides additional capabilities for ADS-B and other NextGen products.
Each tower and TRACON is paired with its center's computer. When you file an IFR flight plan, it winds up in the center's computer that determines which facilities need a copy. If your departure airport's tower has a Flight Data Input/Output printer, your flight plan will print for the controller. The TRACON, if any, gets a strip too.
All of that information enables automating basic ATC tasks. If I'm working TRACON and want to hand your flight off to Houston Center, I type an "H" and click on your target. Hundreds of miles away, a controller in Houston sees your target flashing on her scope because the computer knows you'll pass through her airspace. She clicks your target and it stops flashing.
Back on my scope, your airplane flashes and its target symbol changes to an "H". Now I know Houston accepted the handoff. I then tell you to contact Houston Center on the appropriate frequency. Done. Automation makes it easy. —TK
Tarrance Kramer never outgrew his inner child's need to ask, "Why?" He strives to keep learning as he works traffic in the southern U.S.
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This textbook develops the essential tools of linear algebra, with the goal of imparting technique alongside contextual understanding. Applications go hand-in-hand with theory, each reinforcing and explaining the other. This approach encourages students to develop not only the technical proficiency needed to go on to further study, but an appreciation for when, why, and how the tools of linear algebra can be used across modern applied mathematics.
National Research Council, "The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Rating System for Rollover Resistance: An Assessment"
The Nipper's Greatest Hits: The 60's, Volume 2 is volume two in the sub-category of The 60's in the full RCA Records compilation series The Nipper's Greatest Hits. Originally released in 1988, this pressing from Brazil was released in 1990 by RCA/BMG.
This book is the first to cover the research of whole aspects of international mobility to and from Taiwan of both skilled and unskilled workers.


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Home Events & People People & Charity Page 3
Twenty charities for 20 years
Morley Glass and Glazing has supported more than 20 charities during its 20th anniversary year. Ian Short, managing director of Morley Glass and Glazing, said: "As a successful business we've always felt that we should give back where we can and have always done so throughout our 20 years. We've made a special effort in our 20th anniversary to help...
2019 will see ERA lend its support to Alzheimer's Research UK, having made the organisation its chosen charity for the year. ERA has set a £10,000 target, and staff at the company will come up with a broad variety of fund-raising activities. Darren Waters, ERA's CEO, said: "As we do every year, we asked employees to vote for one of...
In 2017 Rehau welcomed Sam Tynan to the team in a specially created role that would see him take to the road and foster new relationships with trade counter and domestic installation businesses across the country. As the trade sales support representative at Rehau, he handles both large and small trade counters and offers support to customers wherever necessary. Although...
UK expansion
Door, window, screening systems and hardware manufacturer Centor has appointed a new sales and operations manager Mike Sullivan to oversee the growth and expansion of its UK business. The brand is looking to expand its network of professional dealer partners in the UK and Ireland. As the product range has developed, so too has the need for a more geographically spread dealership representation, especially in...
Sales team bolstered
Quickslide has appointed four new sales team members, which the manufacturer says will further improve the service and support it offers to its trade partners. Trevor Copley, who brings with him previous experience of working within the window fabrication industry, joins as an order processor, while Tracy Wilson, who previously worked at Quickslide in the customer services department, returns to...
Top customer service award
Outstanding customer service in the door hardware industry was celebrated at this year's Institute of Architectural Ironmongers (IAI) Awards. The Paul Lewis Customer Service Award was won by Karen Nelson, business development manager at Hoppe (UK), who has more than 30 years' experience in the architectural ironmongery industry. Karen was nominated for the award by one of Hoppe (UK)'s customers,...
Global events company, Montgomery, has launched a new Design and Build division, appointing FIT Show event director Nickie West to head it up. As managing director, Nickie will manage a portfolio which includes FIT Show, W Exhibition and Montgomery's 50% of the Surface Design Show. Part of her remit will be to grow the business through expansion and acquisition, increasing...
New commercial manager
SupaLite has appointed Wes Clarkson as its new commercial manager. Wes will oversee the sales and marketing for the business, focusing primarily on SupaLite's kit-based roof systems. Working alongside SupaLite's sales team, Wes will also be looking to support existing trade partners while establishing partnerships with new customers. Wes started out at Ultraframe in 1996, before moving on to become...
Supalite Roof Leading tiled conservatory roof designer SupaLite has a full range of roof designs for customers to choose from. Perfect for... Read Full Profile
Investing in Service
Emmegi (UK) has appointed Kully Hunter as service manager, taking over from industry veteran Jeff Rooke who retired at the end of 2018. Kully has many years' experience in a similar industry role and is introducing new structures and processes at Emmegi (UK), which will make the company more responsive and more efficient across all aspects of servicing. She is...
Emmegi (UK) Emmegi (UK) is part of the Emmegi group founded in 1970 near Modena in Italy and now one of the... Read Full Profile
Promoting from within
Ben Aspinall has been promoted to IT and marketing manager at Doorco. Ben joined Doorco a year ago as IT and projects lead. He said: "After working alongside the team here on an IT project, I made the move to Doorco because I recognised what a forward-thinking and customer-centric business it is. It has been a busy year to say...
DOORCO Ltd DOORCO is the leading innovator in the composite door industry. It has a reputation for building the highest quality doors... Read Full Profile
Ultraframe has thanked the industry for helping to raise over £10,000 for a colleague from its marketing department, who was seriously injured while paragliding in 2018. A charity calendar was produced and donations were made on a website titled Active Wheels, which referenced the high-spec wheelchair that was the aim of the fundraising. Ultraframe marketing director Alex Hewitt said: "When...
New product manager joins Arrone
Hoppe has appointed Jonathan Walker as Arrone product manager. Jon has over 25 years' experience in the door and window hardware industry, specialising in new product development and market research. He has previously worked for Paddock Fabrications and Yale, and joins Hoppe (UK) from Avantis International where he was group sales and marketing director. Jon said: "In the short time...
Two well-known industry faces have recently returned to work at Ultraframe for the second time in their careers: Rebecca Clegg has returned as public relations manager, while Greg Hawksworth returns as the head of glass roof and glazing product development. Rebecca originally joined Ultraframe for a three-month contract back in 2003 and is still in the industry some 16 years...
New BDM
Alan Hartley has joined Avantis as business development director, bringing his 30 years' experience in the glazing industry. As well as strengthening existing customer relationships, linking fabricators to the range of Avantis hardware, Alan has been tasked with growing the market share for Avantis. Alan said: "I am delighted to be part of the dynamic team, working alongside world-class design...
New leader for roof window business
Velux has appointed Mick Schou Rasmussen as managing director to lead its roof window business from its UK headquarters in Fife, Scotland. The company recently unveiled plans for a £7 million expansion at its UK and Ireland head office building at Woodside Way in Glenrothes. The 41-year-old brings more than 15 years' experience of the roof window industry having worked...
Obituary – Amit Mistry
Siegenia has announced that friend and colleague, Amit Mistry, passed away on January 14 2019 unexpectedly. The company has said that its thoughts are with his family and friends at such a difficult time. Amit covered the Midlands area as an area sales manager. However, he would also often work in other areas of the country, supporting the team at...
Masterframe has promoted Alan Burgess from managing director and founder, to group chairman. Alan has been instrumental in the development of the PVCU box sash window market since 1984. Furthermore: Carol Slade has taken on the role of managing director; Ramon Rabett has returned as technical and compliance director after temporarily heading up production; and, after a break of six...
Chairman announced at sash window specialist
Masterframe has promoted Alan Burgess from managing director and founder, to group chairman. Alan has been instrumental in the development of the PVCU box sash window market since 1984. Alan said: "I'm delighted to be appointed group chairman and the opportunities it presents. The market is growing and it's vital we make the most of it. Masterframe Windows and the...
BDM rises to the challenge
When it comes to new challenges, Kestrel's new business development manager for the north east doesn't do things by halves; Richard Barrett started the role in January, after moving house, welcoming a new baby and just months before he ties the knot. Richard said: "It's exciting to be starting a new year with so much to look forward to. The...
New national sales manager
Nick Baxendale has joined Exlabesa Building Systems as national sales manager. Nick has over two decades of experience in the aluminium sector and has joined Exlabesa from Kawneer. Aside from adding to its team, 2019 will see Exlabesa investing in its Doncaster extrusion facilities and will be expanding its product range.


It's Hammock Day. There doesn't appear to be any history related with this odd little "holiday," only that it falls on July 22. That date happens to be in the middle of the Dog Days of summer time, which goes from July 3 to Aug. 11.
The good factor with a cat hammock stand in contrast to the authentic hammock is that you can effortlessly place it wherever you want. You can place it on shady location during the afternoon. You can consider it with you on a camping or fishing trip. It has a portability that's wanting from a traditional hammock. All the more reason for you to want to build 1.
As I said formerly I didn't get a lot coaching for my initial leap. It was a development as are all studying situations. My first jump I was taught how the parachute would open up and what to expect when I jumped off the object. I was informed how to leap, toss my pilot chute and as soon as opened how to unstow my breaks and turn to land. I was super pleased cat Hammock that Jimmy did not overwhelm me with a bunch of info that would just confuse me. Throughout my next several jumps, Jimmy taught me much more each time including to my understanding.
It assists to have access to a workshop, garage, or yard with previous pieces of wood lying about, or at minimum a partner, buddy or neighbour with the same. Access to a seaside with lots of junk washing ashore is an excellent supply for your adventure.
Ask your companion for help. Obviously kids adore their moms but father time is essential as well. Get your companion to take care of the children and allow them bond together while you go out buying, for a espresso with girlfriends, or merely enjoy a hobby about the house. The time is yours so do whatever you'd like. Just know that if you stay about the house, you operate the danger of getting your individual time interrupted.
I do see myself continuing with both Foundation and skydiving after children enter our life. I do believe that I will tone it down a little and not take it to the ranges that I do now. I will be much more likely to be more cautious with the conditions in which I jump.
I've slept in my hammock for about the previous year and haven't fallen out however. That isn't from lack of trying either. I can sleep on my abdomen and both aspect with relative simplicity and I can rest with or without a pillow if I select. So far, I truthfully question I'll return to a mattress in the close to long term. The swaying motion that I can begin in my hammock is so fantastic to drop asleep to and I wake up and have energy to begin my day. I have discovered the perfect nights sleep in a hammock.


Hey everyone, your outpouring of support for my crazy moustache was incredible. I can't thank you enough! Not only did you help me reach my $2500 goal, you blew the top off and raised over $5K. Today I share with you readers an "exclusive" – my Half Mast Mo in memory of the guys I have cared for and all the others who died fighting prostate cancer. It's also a tributeto the goal Movember has set for cutting deaths from prostate cancer in half by 2030. Have a great December and know your generosity is truly humbling.


We get many female jazz vocal albums sent in for review. Most donít make the cut, so when I review one it has to be rather special. This one is special. Donít know how I missed Ms. Matassa all this time - sheís appeared on five previous Origin CDs. I knew she was big in the Seattle area, but hadnít heard a CD. This is a voice with real personality, range, control, and good humor. Itís a package that features a lot more than just singing in tune and in rhythm (which a large number of female vocalists donít seem to have down).
Gretaís choices of tunes is superb; there are contributions from Ellington, Hoagy Carmichael, Cole Porter, Jule Styne, Pat Metheny, and one of my favorite Brazilian tunes, Estate, by Bruno Martino. It must be one of her favorites too - itís by far the longest track on the CD. The Ellington selection is a vocal version of his Reminiscing in Tempo, with original lyrics by Mel Torme and featuring vibist Susan Pascal. Greta Matassaís voice is distinctive, with great individuality. She often gets an instrumental timbre like a jazz horn - similar to what Billie Holiday did, but sounding nothing like Holiday. Most enjoyable jazz vocal album Iíve heard in some time!


Anthropology looks at human differences in its study of the 'other' and at human commonalities in its more recent focus on the 'suffering'. In identifying ways that anthropology can contribute to solutions for world problems, Professor Joel Robbins proposes an approach he calls the 'anthropology of the good'.
If you ask people to define what is bad, most will agree that certain actions – with murder and torture at the top of the list – are the opposite of good. Consensus about what constitutes good, and how we separate this from bad, is harder to pin down.
In the early 1990s, Professor Joel Robbins spent more than two years living with the Urapmin, a group of people in the far western highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG). He was a graduate student in anthropology at the University of Virginia and it was his first extended experience of a culture strikingly different to his own. He slept in a house made of local bush materials, ate taro and sweet potato for every meal, hunted marsupials ("with notable lack of success") and learned to speak the Urap tongue, a language with only about 400 speakers. It was, he says, a profoundly stimulating experience.
His time living in the Urapmin community prompted Robbins to ask a series of questions that have guided his inquiries ever since. The experiences he had in PNG set him on a trajectory that has led him to propose new theoretical frameworks for anthropology that look beyond older ways of understanding cultural differences and making comparisons. He first turned to the question of how to understand radical cultural change, and he has more recently worked to identify cross-cultural variation in deeply embedded moral and ethical codes. He calls this latter approach 'the anthropology of the good'.
Described in simple terms, anthropology is the study of humans, and the fascinatingly complex ways in which we live, both now and in the past. Robbins, who arrived in Cambridge last year to take up the Sigrid Rausing Chair of Social Anthropology, is a sociocultural anthropologist. He has become increasingly interested in the path that anthropology has taken over the past 20 years in its study of people and how its changing focus reflects shifts in our collective preoccupations.
Until the late 1980s, anthropologists typically studied 'the other,' concentrating their attentions on people whose cultures appeared radically different from their own. Famously, the American anthropologist Margaret Mead returned from Samoa to report that adolescence was handled in ways that contrasted sharply with those observed in the West. Television documentaries focusing on encounters with remote communities perpetuate the image of the anthropologist as intrepid traveller, risking life and limb to document exotic tribal societies in action.
The anthropological study of such "others" was based on an assumption that culture is something deeply rooted in people and acts as enduring glue through generations – especially so in the remote and exotic parts of the world that acted for so long as magnets for anthropological fieldworkers. What Robbins observed as a young anthropologist in PNG challenged these assumptions in a way that fired his curiosity and set him on course to study the tricky question of cultural change.
"The Urapmin are a remote community - even by PNG standards. There's no road connecting them to the nearest town or even to their closest neighbours. They have no electricity and they participate very little in the market economy. Because they are so hard to reach, and because so few people speak the Urap language, Western missionaries did not make attempts to convert them," said Robbins.
"However, in the late 1970s the Urapmin joined a charismatic Christian revival movement that was sweeping through PNG. Within a year, the entire population had converted and since 1978 the Urapmin have seen themselves as a completely Christianised community in which their traditional religion has no role to play. Achieving salvation in Christian terms became one of their most important collective aspirations.
"In embracing Christianity, the Urapmin transformed many aspects of their culture. In the space of just a few months, they rejected their highly elaborate traditional religious system and abandoned the taboos that had for generations shaped most aspects of their daily lives. They tore down their cult houses, threw away the ancestral bones that had been at the centre of their ritual life, and began to pray. The Christian code they adopted was singularly strict, demanding a high level of emotional and moral self-regulation.
On his return from PNG, Robbins wrote a number of works that argued that although newly converted, the Urapmin were deeply engaged with Christian ideas and ways of living. He went on to help make a name for the anthropological study of Christianity, a religion that the field had largely ignored because, familiar to most Western researchers, it lacked the difference factor anthropologists looked for.
Pursuing his interest both in Christianity and in cultural change, Robbins began carrying out comparative, literature based research on Pentecostal communities in South America and Africa. Along with Asia and the Pacific Islands, both these regions have seen a rapid growth of Pentecostalism which is fostering everywhere the kinds of dramatic cultural changes it brought about in Urapmin.
Given the moral strictness of Pentecostal churches, and of Urapmin Christianity in particular, Robbins has also had a long-standing interest in the anthropology of ethics, a major strength of Cambridge anthropology. This has formed the basis of his most recent theoretical work.
The late 1980s saw a shift take place away from the older anthropology focused on 'the other' or 'the exotic' – away from an anthropology focused on striking cultural differences. In its place has arisen an approach that Robbins describes as the 'anthropology of the suffering' in which researchers focus their inquiries on people who are in some sense victims – the poor and dispossessed, refugees and migrants, oppressed and marginalised communities – and whose plight and pain connects them to anthropologists and their readers in ways that are understood as a universal part of the human condition.
Robbins has recently argued that this anthropology of suffering needs to be complemented with an anthropology of the good that returns to questions of cultural difference, though this time focused on differences in the ways people define and try to accomplish what they see as valuable.
It's significant that Robbins has chosen to concentrate on the good – a concept that's notoriously elusive. "If you ask people to define what is bad, most will agree that certain actions – with murder and torture and a few others at the top of the list – are the opposite of good. Consensus about what constitutes good, and how we separate this from bad, is harder to pin down," he said.
Researchers in the arts, humanities and social sciences are increasingly asked to demonstrate the value of their work to society. What does anthropology offer that benefits the world? "Until recently anthropology was a discipline that saw its critical mission as demonstrating that people lived differently in different places. It used those differences to unsettle people's assumptions that their own ways of life were the only natural and valuable ones – it sought to broaden our worldview," said Robbins.
To illustrate his point about the benefits of understanding the values that lie beneath cultural practices, Robbins returns to his study of the Urapmin. "When someone dies in Urapmin, the people who lived with the deceased go to a great deal of trouble to present relatives who have been living elsewhere with a major gift of bows, arrows, hand-woven string bags, cash and local shell money. The recipients do not take everything that's offered to them but choose only those items for which they can quickly supply a precisely matching return gift. Then a week later, they invite the original givers to a feast and present them with equivalent gifts," he said.
We might say, Robbins suggests, that creating new relationships and strengthening existing ones is one of the primary ways in which the Urapmin seek to foster what they define as the good.
"The challenge is how to expand our own notions of the good so that they can encompass such possibilities as the emphasis the Urapmin put on the value of relationships. The anthropology of good is in its nascent stages. It can be supported by many kinds of anthropological research already being undertaken from a range of other theoretical perspectives," he said.
The image accompanying this story is taken from Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Moral Torment in a Papua New Guinea Society by Joel Robbins, published by Berkeley: University of California Press (2004).