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Sir Elton Hercules John, CBE, is one of the most highly acclaimed and successful solo artists of all time. He has achieved 38 gold and 31 platinum or multi-platinum albums, has sold more than 250 million records worldwide, and holds the record for the biggest selling single of all time.
Sir Elton Hercules John, CBE, is one of the most highly acclaimed and successful solo artists of all time. He has achieved 38 gold and 31 platinum or multi-platinum albums, has sold more than 250 million records worldwide, and holds the record for the biggest selling single of all time. Since launching his first tour in 1970, Elton has over 4,000 performances in more than 80 countries to his credit. Elton John is back on tour in May 2017 with his 'Wonderful Crazy Night Tour' Get all tickets and tour information below.
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Market Report April 2021
Wednesday May 12th, 2021
GTA REALTORS® reported 13,663 sales through TRREB's MLS® System in April 2021 – a 12.7 percent decrease compared to March 2021, but more than quadruple the number of sales reported in April 2020, when the economic impact of COVID-19 was arguably the worst. Compared to the ten-year sales average of 10,000 for April 2010 to April 2019 period, the April 2021 sales result was up by 36.6 percent.
New listings followed a similar track – down by 8.4 percent compared to March 2021, but more than triple the number of new listings reported in April 2020. Compared to the ten-year new listings average for April 2010 to April 2019 period, the April 2021 new listings count was up by 18.3 percent.
The MLS® Home Price Index Composite Benchmark was up by 17.8 percent year-over-year. The Composite benchmark also increased on a monthly basis, but the pace of monthly growth decelerated. The average selling price of $1,090,992 was up by 33 percent compared to April 2020 but was basically flat relative to March 2021. This was in contrast to most years in the past when the average selling price increased between March and April.
There were 13,663 sales in April 2021, up by 362.1% compared to April 2020. On a seasonally adjusted basis, sales were down by 19.7% compared to March 2021.
The average selling price in April 2021 was $1,090,992 up by 33% year-over-year. On a seasonally adjusted basis, the average selling price was down by 3.6% over March 2021.
There were 20,825 homes listed in April 2021, up by 237% year-over-year.
What is Seasonal Adjustment?
Seasonality refers to a monthly (or quarterly) pattern that occurs in roughly the same manner from one year to the next, e.g., sales are highest in the spring and lowest in the winter each year.
Source: https://trreb.ca/files/market-stats/market-watch/mw2104.pdf
Tags: #CharissaRealty - #GTA - #market - #realestate - #sales

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Stanton County, KS
2.09% 1-year decline
Pat Roberts
Jerry Moran
10.7% 1-year growth
Median Property Value
3.1% 1-year growth
Housing & Living
In 2018, Stanton County, KS had a population of 2.06k people with a median age of 39.6 and a median household income of $46,726. Between 2017 and 2018 the population of Stanton County, KS declined from 2,107 to 2,063, a -2.09% decrease and its median household income grew from $42,222 to $46,726, a 10.7% increase.
The 5 largest ethnic groups in Stanton County, KS are White (Non-Hispanic) (60.7%), White (Hispanic) (32.2%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (2.86%), Other (Hispanic) (2.33%), and Two+ (Hispanic) (1.5%). NaNk% of the people in Stanton County, KS speak a non-English language, and 91.7% are U.S. citizens.
The median property value in Stanton County, KS is $79,700, and the homeownership rate is 81.7%. Most people in Stanton County, KS commute by Drove Alone, and the average commute time is 9.32 minutes. The average car ownership in Stanton County, KS is 2 cars per household.
Stanton County, KS borders Baca County, CO, Prowers County, CO, Grant County, KS, Hamilton County, KS, Kearny County, KS, Morton County, KS, and Stevens County, KS.
United StatesKansas
Daily New Cases by Date
Showing data at the state level for Kansas. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.
Daily New CasesConfirmed CasesConfirmed Cases per CapitaDeathsDeaths per CapitaTestsHospitalizations
This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Kansas, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.
Add Data to Cart
Impact on Employment
Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Kansas.
This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Kansas (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.
The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.
Community Mobility
This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Kansas across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.
In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Stanton County, KS went to Donald J. Trump with 77.2% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (18.1%), followed by Other (4.71%). The most partisan county was Wallace County, KS with 90.4% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.
Pat Roberts and Jerry Moran are the senators currently representing the state of Kansas. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.
Kansas is currently represented by 4 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.
Presidential Popular Vote Over Time
Donald J. Trump (77.2%)
Hillary Rodham Clinton (18.1%)
Other (4.71%)
Other Party
In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Kansas went to Donald J. Trump with 77.2% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (18.1%), followed by Other (4.71%).
The following chart shows the popular vote results in Kansas for each registered party from 1976 to 2016.
Presidential Popular Vote by County
Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of Kansas.
Popular Vote for Stanton County, KS
77.2% for the Republican Party
Most Partisan Counties in Kansas
Wallace County, KS
90.4% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Sheridan County, KS
Gove County, KS
In the 2016 presidential election, the most partisan county in Kansas was Wallace County, KS with 90.4% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.
The following map shows the counties in Kansas colored by their party leaning.
US Senators from Kansas
Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Kansas.
Senator from Kansas2
Assumed office on January 3, 1997
Pat Roberts and Jerry Moran are the senators currently representing Kansas.
In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.
The following chart shows elected senators in Kansas over time, colored by their political party.
US Representatives from Kansas
Kansas is currently represented by 4 members in the U.S. house.
Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Kansas have changed over time starting in 2008.
Stanton County, KS is home to a population of 2.06k people, from which 91.7% are citizens. As of 2018, 12.7% of Stanton County, KS residents were born outside of the country (261 people).
In 2018, there were 1.88 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (1.25k people) in Stanton County, KS than any other race or ethnicity. There were 665 White (Hispanic) and 59 Two+ (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.
The 3 largest ethnic groups in Stanton County, KS
White (Non-Hispanic)
1.25k ± 148
White (Hispanic)
665 ± 135
Two+ (Non-Hispanic)
59 ± 42.2
Hispanic Population
36.1% of the people in Stanton County, KS are hispanic (744 people).
The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Stanton County, KS as a share of the total population.
Foreign-Born Population
2018 Foreign-Born Population
As of 2018, 12.7% of Stanton County, KS residents (261 people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.7%. In 2017, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Stanton County, KS was 14%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.
The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Stanton County, KS compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
Age by Nativity
Median Native-Born Age
Median Foreign-Born Age
± 5.7
In 2018, the median age of all people in Stanton County, KS was 39.6. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 40, were generally older than than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 39. But people in Stanton County, KS are getting getting older. In 2017, the average age of all Stanton County, KS residents was 39.
Global Diversity
The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Kansas.
Most Common Origin
85,360 ± 7,067 people
In 2017, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Kansas was Mexico, the natal country of 85,360 Kansas residents, followed by India with 11,676 and Vietnam with 10,096.
2018 Citizenship
As of 2018, 91.7% of Stanton County, KS residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.2%. In 2017, the percentage of US citizens in Stanton County, KS was 89.3%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.
The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Stanton County, KS compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
Most Common Service Period
Gulf War (2001-)
9 ± 20
Stanton County, KS has a large population of military personnel who served in Korea, 1.5 times greater than any other conflict.
Median household income in Stanton County, KS is $46,726. In 2018, the tract with the highest Median Household Income in Stanton County, KS was Census Tract 9641 with a value of $46,726, followed by N/A and N/A, with respective values of N/A and N/A.
Males in Kansas have an average income that is 1.4 times higher than the average income of females, which is $43,397. The income inequality in Kansas (measured using the Gini index) is 0.46, which is lower than than the national average.
The economy of Stanton County, KS employs 1.03k people. The largest industries in Stanton County, KS are Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting (335 people), Educational Services (112 people), and Health Care & Social Assistance (108 people), and the highest paying industries are Manufacturing ($75,104), Construction ($71,667), and Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($61,250).
2018 value
± $5,581
1 Year Growth
Households in Stanton County, KS have a median annual income of $46,726, which is less than the median annual income of $61,937 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $42,222 in 2017, which represents a 10.7% annual growth.
The following chart shows how the median household income in Stanton County, KS compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.
Wage by Gender in Common Jobs
Average Male Salary in Kansas
Average Female Salary in Kansas
In 2017, full-time male employees in Kansas made 1.4 times more than female employees.
This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Kansas by number of full-time employees.
Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs
Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Kansas
$49,738 ± $7,478
$42,999 ± $12,605
In 2017 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Kansas workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.06 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Kansas.
This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Kansas by number of full-time employees.
Wage Distribution
The closest comparable wage GINI for Stanton County, KS is from Kansas.
2017 Wage GINI in Kansas
In 2017, the income inequality in Kansas was 0.46 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.417% decline from 2016 to 2017, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Kansas was lower than than the national average of 0.479. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Kansas in comparison to the national average.
This chart shows the number of workers in Kansas across various wage buckets compared to the national average.
Income by Location
Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.
TotalWhiteWhite Non-HispanicHispanic
Highest Median Household Income (Total)
Census Tract 9641
In 2018, the tract with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Stanton County, KS was Census Tract 9641 with a value of $46,726, followed by N/A and N/A, with respective values of N/A and N/A.
The following map shows all of the tracts in Stanton County, KS colored by their Median Household Income (Total).
Poverty by Age and Gender
Females 45 - 54
Largest Demographic Living in Poverty
14.7% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Stanton County, KS (298 out of 2.03k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 13.1%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 45 - 54, followed by Males 45 - 54 and then Females 12 - 14.
The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.
Poverty by Race and Ethnicity
Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty
Two Or More
The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Stanton County, KS is White, followed by Hispanic and Two Or More.
Employment by Occupations
± 162
± 21.9%
From 2017 to 2018, employment in Stanton County, KS grew at a rate of 3.1%, from 999 employees to 1.03k employees.
The most common job groups, by number of people living in Stanton County, KS, are Management Occupations (258 people), Farming, Fishing, & Forestry Occupations (144 people), and Office & Administrative Support Occupations (90 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Stanton County, KS.
The most common jobs held by residents of Stanton County, KS, by number of employees, are Management Occupations (258 people), Farming, Fishing, & Forestry Occupations (144 people), and Office & Administrative Support Occupations (90 people).
Most Specialized
Compared to other counties, Stanton County, KS has an unusually high number of residents working as Farming, Fishing, & Forestry Occupations (20.8 times higher than expected), Management Occupations (2.52 times), and Installation, Maintenance, & Repair Occupations (1.65 times).
The highest paid jobs held by residents of Stanton County, KS, by median earnings, are Business & Financial Operations Occupations ($100,313), Production Occupations ($59,318), and Building & Grounds Cleaning & Maintenance Occupations ($58,346).
Employment by Industries
The most common employment sectors for those who live in Stanton County, KS, are Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting (335 people), Educational Services (112 people), and Health Care & Social Assistance (108 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Stanton County, KS, though some of these residents may live in Stanton County, KS and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.
The most common industries in Stanton County, KS, by number of employees, are Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting (335 people), Educational Services (112 people), and Health Care & Social Assistance (108 people).
Compared to other counties, Stanton County, KS has an unusually high number of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting (27 times higher than expected), Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction (3.53 times), and Public Administration (2.13 times) industries.
Highest Paying
The highest paying industries in Stanton County, KS, by median earnings, are Manufacturing ($75,104), Construction ($71,667), and Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($61,250).
Domestic Trade
Domestic Production & Consumption
Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Kansas to other states, or from other states to Kansas.
Domestic Production in DollarsDomestic Production in TonnageDomestic Consumption in DollarsDomestic Consumption in Tonnage
Top Domestic Production in Dollars
Mixed freight
$27.8B
Coal-n.e.c.
In 2015, the top outbound Kansas product (by dollars) was Mixed freight with $27.8B, followed by Cereal grains ($24.1B) and Coal-n.e.c. ($22B).
The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Kansas products.
Domestic Trade Growth
Showing data for Kansas.
$245B
2015 Value in Kansas
Projected 2045 Value in Kansas
46.1% growth
In 2015, total outbound Kansas trade was $245B. This is expected to increase 46.1% to $357B by 2045.
The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Kansas trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.
Interstate Trade
Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Kansas to other states, or from other states to Kansas.
Most Common Trade Partners
In 2015, the top outbound Kansas domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Missouri with $25.9B, followed by Texas with $18.4B and Nebraska and $17.7B.
The following map shows the amount of trade that Kansas shares with each state (excluding itself).
The median property value in Stanton County, KS was $79,700 in 2018, which is 0.347 times smaller than the national average of $229,700. Between 2017 and 2018 the median property value increased from $71,900 to $79,700, a 10.8% increase. The homeownership rate in Stanton County, KS is 81.7%, which is higher than the national average of 63.9%. People in Stanton County, KS have an average commute time of 9.32 minutes, and they commute by Drove Alone. Car ownership in Stanton County, KS is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.
2018 Median
± $30,412
In 2018, the median property value in Stanton County, KS grew to to $79,700 from the previous year's value of $71,900.
The following charts display, first, the property values in Stanton County, KS compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Stanton County, KS the largest share of households have a property value in the N/A range.
Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.
In 2018, the median household income of the 807 households in Stanton County, KS grew to $46,726 from the previous year's value of $42,222.
The following chart displays the households in Stanton County, KS distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.
Average Range
This chart shows the households in Stanton County, KS distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Stanton County, KS the largest share of households pay taxes in the < $800 range.
Rent vs Own
2018 Homeownership
In 2018, 81.7% of the housing units in Stanton County, KS were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 78.1%.
This percentage of owner-occupation is higher than the national average of 63.9%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Stanton County, KS compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.
9.32 minutes
Average Travel Time
Using averages, employees in Stanton County, KS have a shorter commute time (9.32 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.3 minutes). Additionally, 0% of the workforce in Stanton County, KS have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.
The chart below shows how the median household income in Stanton County, KS compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
Commuter Transportation
Most Common Method of Travel
In 2018, the most common method of travel for workers in Stanton County, KS was Drove Alone (75.2%), followed by those who Worked At Home (11%) and those who Carpooled (8.9%).
The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.
Average Number
The following chart displays the households in Stanton County, KS distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Stanton County, KS have 2 cars, followed by 3 cars.
88.7% of the population of Stanton County, KS has health coverage, with 47.6% on employee plans, 12.1% on Medicaid, 14.9% on Medicare, 13.8% on non-group plans, and 0.246% on military or VA plans.
Per capita personal health care spending in Kansas was $7,651 in 2014. This is a 2.99% increase from the previous year ($7,429).
Primary care physicians in Stanton County, KS see 691 patients per year on average, which represents a 34.6% decrease from the previous year (1056 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 0 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 0 patients per year.
Comparing across all counties in the state, Allen County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (14.5%). Additionally, Morris County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (39.9%)
Patient to Clinician Ratios
Patient to Primary Care Physician RatioPatient to Dentist RatioPatient to Mental Health Provider RatioOther Primary Care Providers
691 to 1
Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Stanton County, KS
Primary care physicians in Stanton County, KS see an average of 691 patients per year. This represents a 34.6% decrease from the previous year (1,056 patients).
The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Stanton County, KS in comparison to its neighboring geographies.
Behavioral Health Conditions
Data only available at the state level.
Adults With Major Depressive EpisodeAdults With Serious Mental IllnessOpioid Overdose Death RateSubstance Use Disorder Among Adolescents and Adults (Age 12+)Drug Overdose Death RateExcessive Drinking
State with the Highest Prevalence
8.26% of the population affected
In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).
The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.
Estimated Number of Chronically Homeless IndividualsPercent of Residents with Access To Exercise OpportunitiesPrevalence of Food Insecurity
Most prevalent states
35,798 individuals
5,087 individuals
In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).
The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.
Access and Quality
Data only available at state level.
Adults Who Haven't Seen a Doctor in the Past 12 Months Due to CostMental Health Service Use Among Adults With Mental Illness30-Day Hospital Readmission Rate Among Medicare PatientsAdult Hospice Patients Who Received Care Consistent With Their End-Of-Life Wishes
19.2% of adults
In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).
The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.
Health Care Spending
Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Kansas
Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care
Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care
Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care
Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Kansas (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 2.99%, from $7,429 to $7,651.
The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.
Health Care Coverage
Non-Group
Military or VA
Between 2017 and 2018, the percent of uninsured citizens in Stanton County, KS declined by 23.9% from 14.9% to 11.3%.
The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Stanton County, KS changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.
Data available at the county level.
DiabetesAdult ObesityHIV DiagnosesSexually Transmitted InfectionsAdult SmokingAlcohol-Impaired Driving DeathsMotor Vehicle Crash DeathsHomicidesViolent Crimes
Most at risk counties
14.5% prevalence
Hodgeman County
14% prevalence
Allen County has the highest prevalence of diabetes in Kansas, at 14.5%.
The following map shows the prevalence of diabetes in Kansas by county over multiple years.
Grant County, KS
Stevens County, KS
Kearny County, KS
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COVID-19 in Numbers


Multiaxial mechanical response and constitutive modeling of esophageal tissues: Impact on esophageal tissue engineering.
A functional extracellular matrix biomaterial derived from ovine forestomach.
Differences in the expression of the ASIP gene are involved in the recessive black coat colour pattern in sheep: evidence from the rare Xalda sheep breed.
Identification of tick vectors of ovine theileriosis in an endemic region of Iran.
From agonist to antagonist: Fab fragments of an agonist-like monoclonal anti-beta(2)-adrenoceptor antibody behave as antagonists.
PIOX, a new pathogen-induced oxygenase with homology to animal cyclooxygenase.
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Gamma imaging with negatively charge-modified monoclonal antibody: modification with synthetic polymers.


The UCI announced this weekend that four new races have been added to the UCI Women's WorldTour, expanding the calendar by 30 percent.
This year saw the inaugural season for the UCI Women's WorldTour, which replaced the UCI Women Road World Cup, and features 17 events across nine countries in Europe, North America and Asia. American rider Megan Guarnier of Boels-Dolmans (pictured) took the overall win after she and her team dominated the season.
For 2017, the Women's WorldTour will see two additional stage races and two new one-day races, increasing the total number of competition days to 47, compared to this year's competition 35 days.
The WWT will once again start off with the Strade Bianche in Italy in March and conclude in Spain with the Madrid Challenge by la Vuelta in September.
The new stage races will take place in the Netherlands and Norway, while Belgium and the Netherlands have each been awarded UCI Women's WorldTour status for additional one-day races.
The 2017 WWT will see the return of the Dutch classic, the Amstel Gold Race, and a women's version of Liège – Bastogne – Liège – a Belgian monument that's been held for men since 1892. And the already hotly contested stage races, Boels Rental Ladies Tour and the Ladies Tour of Norway, have received a bump up to WorldTour status.
"The extended calendar reflects the significant progress being made to boost the profile and professionalism of women's cycling and establish its status within mainstream sport," stated UCI President Brian Cookson.
The transfer carousel comes to a stop: could we see a more level playing field in the Women's WorldTour?


text:
Hitt, McShane and Wolf Meta-Analysis leads to a call for humility
My favorite quote from Hitt, McShane and Wolf's new study:
Even with these caveats in mind, the policy implications from this analysis are clear. The most obvious implication is that policymakers need to be much more humble in what they believe that test scores tell them about the performance of schools of choice. Test scores
are not giving us the whole picture. Insofar as test scores are used to make determinations in "portfolio" governance structures or are used to close (or expand) schools, policymakers might be making errors. This is not to say that test scores should be wholly discarded.
Rather, test scores should be put in context and should not automatically occupy a privileged place over parental demand and satisfaction as short-term measures of school choice success or failure.
P.S. Letting parents take the lead on which schools expand and/or close can work out fine on the types of tests schools have almost no ability/incentive to game:
The implications of this meta-analysis of the research literature could stretch far beyond the choice sector in time. If test scores continue to show a weak and inconsistent relationship with long-term outcomes, broad rethinking will be required. Let's see what happens next.
Leave a Comment »	| Uncategorized	| Tagged: AEI, Collin Hitt, Mike McShane, Patrick Wolf	| Permalink
Saying Goodbye to a Flying Dutchman
(Guest post by Patrick J. Wolf)
Prolific Dutch education sociologist Jaap Dronkers died of a stroke on Wednesday at the age of 70. Jaap (pronounced "yahp") was the `James Coleman' of European education research and a supporter of parental school choice for the simple reason that his exhaustive research demonstrated that it benefits families and the broader society. More importantly, Jaap was a considerate colleague and a dear friend. He will be greatly missed.
Among Jaap's many accomplishments was his pioneering of the use of `league tables' to measure school performance in the countries of Europe. He then conducted a series of sophisticated school- and student-level analyses of demographic and achievement data to determine which types of schools were delivering value-added to students in terms of both test-score gains and civic outcomes. Jaap's conclusions, published in important peer-reviewed journal articles such as here and here, were that elite private schools produce better student outcomes because they surround students with advantaged peers. Religious private schools participating in voucher-type programs, on the other hand, deliver positive value-added to students, net of peer effects, in terms of both achievement and civic outcomes.
I first met Jaap at a conference in London that I co-organized with Princeton political theorist Stephen Macedo in 2003. The conference birthed a co-edited book by the Brookings Institution called Educating Citizens: International Perspectives on School Choice and Civic Values. Steve and I had brought an A-list of scholars from the U.S., including Dave Campbell, Rick Garnett, Charlie Glenn, William Galston, Bruno Manno, and John Witte. At the opening reception, Charlie, who is better networked among international education scholars than any American I know, pulled Steve and me aside and said, "This is a very strong group of European scholars." Even so, Jaap Dronkers stood out from the rest. He was the only participant in the project who we permitted to author multiple chapters in our book – one about how the Dutch education system manages school choice to promote civic values and another about how European religious schools tend to have a positive impact on student cognitive outcomes while equaling government-run public schools in generating civic outcomes. Jaap concluded that second chapter with the statement, in his typical clear but scholarly tone, "Not enough is known about the effects of school choice in Europe, but what is known is generally comforting." (p. 308)
In 2009 Jaap turned the tables and invited me to attend a conference in Geneva on school choice and educational equity. He then recruited my conference paper on what the DC Choice achievement effects suggest for social justice for review and ultimate publication in the special issue of Educational Research and Evaluation that he co-edited in the wake of the event. Jaap was a skillful and demanding editor, even while operating in his fourth language of English (his primary languages were Dutch, German, and French). At this time he was Professor of Social Stratification and Inequality at the highly prestigious European University Institute in Florence, Italy.
In 2014 Jaap traveled to Florida with his wife, Tonny, to deliver a keynote address at the Second International School Choice & Reform Academic Conference. Far from simply beaming in, speaking, and beaming out, as keynoters so often do, Jaap hung around to attend all of the panels, asking piercing questions and breaking bread with new American friends he had made. He returned for the third edition of the conference to present fascinating work that subsequently was published on Islamic schools in the Netherlands.
Jaap Dronkers was a five-tool social scientist. He had a firm grasp of theory, refined empirical analysis skills, strong writing ability in four languages, solid speaking skills, and a delightful sense of humor. I'll always remember how Jaap introduced me to his European research colleagues. "Patrick," Jaap would say, "is from the U.S. where he can actually run experiments!" One of my junior colleagues, Brian Kisida, upon meeting Jaap at an international conference in Belgium, simply said, "That is one cool dude." Indeed he was.
Rest in peace, Jaap Dronkers, European education researcher extraordinaire, supporter of parental school choice, citizen of the world and friend to many. We know so much more about how to improve the education of children because of you.
2 Comments	| tributes	| Tagged: Jaap Dronkers, Patrick Wolf	| Permalink
Let's Search for Sweet Spots, but with modesty please
I have a number of friends who have either helped develop or have signed on to a Statement of Principles regarding a three sector reform strategy and what they view as a desirable level of state oversight of private choice programs. This post will work better for you if you go and read the document first.
The needle starts to scratch across the vinyl for me at:
Even with the expanded choice to the private sector, they also have produced modest results.
This has become a mantra in recent years, but I believe that this statement reflects an incomplete understanding of the research results, and specifically a lack of understanding regarding our random assignment studies of voucher programs. The basic takeaway from the random assignment studies in my view is as follows: the test score impacts are modest but often statistically significant within the three year window that we can reliably study them.
So the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program offered $6,400 vouchers to very low-income inner city parents whose other options were to attend a district spending $14,000 per child and/or charter schools spending somewhere between the voucher and district spending. We have several random assignment studies of the test score impacts that find that the experimental group basically stays on grade level (a triumph for poor inner city children) whereas the control group declines year by year. You get to watch this process for about three years before the random assignment breaks down on you.
What happens to test scores after Year 3? No one knows for sure- these studies fall apart over time. We do know things however about what happens regarding high-school graduation, college attendance, college persistence, etc. Borrowing a slide that Pat Wolf presented at the Alliance for School Choice conference:
So basically you are less likely to graduate in 5 years (first red column) because you are more likely to graduate on time, less likely to graduate from a two-year college (second red) because you are more likely to be going to a four-year college. The blue columns are all positive impacts from having been a choice student.
Now if you are determined to cling to the "modest" camp by saying that you wish these impacts were even larger, well, I do too. I also wish that Chuck Norris' tears really did cure cancer. At this point it might be appropriate to raise the question as to just how much a positive impact we should reasonably expect from a program giving profoundly disadvantaged children a $6,400 coupon. Although we don't know what happens after a few years of random assignment study, those graduation figures ultimately are far more important than 6th grade math scores.
Being far more likely to graduate from high-school and college for less than half the money sounds like a triumph to me, albeit one that we could and should hope to improve upon through more robust program designs. The standard here should not be to expect MPCP to transform every last profoundly disadvantaged inner city child into a Dean's List Ivy Leaguers. Rather in judging the impact of MPCP we should look at it on a return per dollar invested basis. When you look at it appropriately through this ROI it is clear that the return on MPCP has been quite good, and that we should be looking for ways to get even more of it.
Then I got to this statement:
We know that smart accountability measures can ensure that public money and young lives are not invested in low-performing private schools.
The statement offers no evidence to support this claim, and moreover the claim itself dodges the more important question of costs and benefits to regulation. Is it possible for "smart" accountability to keep young lives out of low-performing private schools? Sure it's possible. Smart training can ensure that I could go from being a 46-year-old policy wonk to heavyweight champion of the world. I mean it is possible right? Is it also possible, even highly likely, for the whole enterprise to go south on you in a variety of different ways? Yep, that's very possible too.
Who is going to administer these smart accountability measures and who will administer them a few years later? What about 25 years from now? How often will these people do something they think is smart which proves to be otherwise? Unless we want to have the Federal Reserve administer these programs, how long will it be until politics will subvert the process of "smart" technocratic policymaking? Also like the Fed, the costs of technocratic mistakes may prove quite costly.
Even well-intentioned efforts at "smart accountability" could easily backfire. Let's take Louisiana as an example. Louisiana policymakers decided to grade all their schools A-F based upon a state accountability test tied to the state academic standards, and then decided to create a mechanism to remove low-performing schools from eligibility to take new students. This probably sounds clever at a Georgetown cocktail party, but in Louisiana two-thirds of the state's private schools have decided to stay out of the program, denying thousands of seats to low-income children attending relatively poor performing public schools in one of the lowest performing states in the union.
Let's take things a step further. Is it possible that the one-third of Louisiana private schools that chose to participate in the program may have had a selection bias towards being more on the financially desperate side than those that have decided to stay out? I have no data to support that this in fact did happen, but who would be surprised if it in fact did happen? The correlation between financial desperation and academic ineptitude often proves strong. In such a case the initial impact of the regulatory regime might have precisely the opposite of what was intended with many higher performing schools choosing to keep their distance. Worse still, it might create an incentive for private schools to engage in the same sort of gaming strategies that have been common in states with rising state test scores but flat NAEP scores- teaching to test items rather than to standards (Arizona is waving hello!). Finally of course it is no triumph if the schools do actually teach the state standards because the whole idea of a choice program is to provide, well, meaningfully varying choices for parents. If you want state tests and standards in Louisiana you already have thousands of options available to you in the form of district and charter schools.
In the end of the day, policymakers must make decisions about where to draw the line in such matters. We have no wrong or right answers here, only preferences. Personally I believe that choice programs should provide academic transparency to the public in ways designed to have the lightest possible touch on the curricular independence of schools. I'm willing to sacrifice some level of private school participation in return for transparency. Preferences will vary and we will learn things along the way through variation between programs. What I think I have learned however is that Arizona's transparency-light programs represent a costly obstacle to building broad support, and that the Louisiana and Indiana model has far too many private schools saying "thanks but no thanks."
To my friends who crafted and signed on to this statement I say only that we should continue the dialogue and gather more information. I don't believe in regulation free programs nor do I expect or desire for us to pass any, so I agree with you to a degree. I however strongly suspect that many of you are underestimating the cost of regulation and overestimating the capacity of technocratic regimes.
3 Comments	| school accountability, tax-credit scholarships, vouchers	| Tagged: Patrick Wolf	| Permalink
Wolf and McShane in NRO
A few years ago, a rookie quarterback named Michael Bishop was brought into a game to perform a last second desperation bomb before the end of the half. It was his first pass as an NFL player, and against the odds it resulted in a long touchdown. Commenting on the pass for ESPN, Chris Berman said something to the effect of "Completion rate-100%. Pass to touchdown ration also 100%. QB Rating = INFINITY!!!!!"
This came to mind when reading this great piece by Wolf and McShane in that had Congress redirected money from the bloated and ineffectual DCPS for the Opportunity Scholarship Program, then the cost of the program would have been nothing and the benefits substantial, meaning ROI = INFINITY!!!"
!!!BOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOM!!
[Note: This is based on their peer reviewed article that is in the current issue of Education Finance and Policy.]
1 Comment	| vouchers	| Tagged: DC Opportunity Scholarship Program, Mike McShane, Patrick Wolf	| Permalink
Charter or District in Milwaukee?
Last year John Witte, Pat Wolf, Alicia Dean and Devin Carlson found evidence of significantly stronger academic gains for charter school students over district students in Milwaukee using the state data. This got me to wondering what the 2011 Trial Urban NAEP scores would look like between MPS and Milwaukee charter schools. Now, mind you that this chart doesn't control for much, only comparing FRL eligible students in the charters and the districts. That's okay with me, as Witte, Wolf, Dean and Carlson have admirably performed that task on three years of data with a promise of a fourth year in 2012 report. Also there is always at least a bit of sampling error with NAEP, yadda yadda ectera.
Do the NAEP tests tell the same broad story as the Witte et. al study? Judge for yourself:
Those look like differences likely to survive the introduction of a whole bunch of control variables.
Leave a Comment »	| Uncategorized	| Tagged: Alicia Dean, Devin Carlson, John Witte, Patrick Wolf	| Permalink
More on Milwaukee School Choice Research Results
I wrote last week about the release of the final research results from Milwaukee's school choice program. On Sunday the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel devoted its entire editorial page to a discussion of those results. Check out the succinct summary of the findings by Patrick Wolf and John Witte.
Also be sure to check out the response from the head of the teachers union, Bob Peterson. His rebuttal consists of noting that many students switch sectors, moving from choice to traditional public schools as well as in the opposite direction. He thinks that this undermines the validity of Wolf and Witte's graduation rate analysis, but he fails to understand that the researchers used an intention to treat approach that attributes outcomes to students' original selection of sector regardless of their switching. And on the special education claim he simply reiterates the Department of Public Instruction's (DPI) faulty effort to equate the percentage of students who are entitled to accommodations on the state test with the percentage of students who have disabilities.
For more on how DPI under-stated the rate of disabilities in the Milwaukee choice program by between 400% and 900%, check out the new article Wolf, Fleming, and Witte just published in Education Next. It's not only an excellent piece of research detective work on how DPI arrived at such an erroneous claim, but it is also a useful warning to anyone who thinks that government issued claims provide the authoritative answer on research questions. Government agencies, like DPI, can lie and distort as much or more than any special interest group. They just do it with your tax dollars and in your name.
3 Comments	| vouchers	| Tagged: Bob Peterson, John Witte, Milwaukee, Patrick Wolf, school choice, vouchers	| Permalink
New Milwaukee Choice Results
My colleague at the University of Arkansas, Patrick Wolf, along with John Witte at the University of Wisconsin and a team of researchers have released their final round of reports on the Milwaukee school choice program. You can read the press release here and find the full set of reports here.
They find that access to a private school with a voucher in Milwaukee significantly increases the probability that students will graduate from high school:
"Our clearest positive finding is that the Choice Program boosts the rates at which students graduate from high school, enroll in a four-year college, and persist in college," said John Witte, professor of political science and public affairs at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. "Since educational attainment is linked to positive life outcomes such as higher lifetime earnings and lower rates of incarceration, this is a very encouraging result of the program."
They also find that "when similar students in the voucher program and in Milwaukee Public Schools were compared, the achievement growth of students in the voucher program was higher in reading but similar in math." Unfortunately, the testing conditions changed during the study because the private school testing went from being low stakes to high stakes, making it difficult to draw strong conclusions about the effects of the program on test scores.
In addition, it should be remembered that the design of the Milwaukee study is a matched comparison, which is less rigorous than random-assignment. The more convincing random-assignment analyses are significant and positive in 9 of the 10 that have been conducted, with the tenth having null effects. You can find a summary and links to all of them here.
Perhaps the most interesting part of the new Milwaukee results is the report on special education rates in the choice program. As it turns out, Wisconsin's Department of Public Instruction grossly under-stated the percentage of students in the choice program who have disabilities. Some reporters and policymakers act as if the Department of Public Instruction's reports are reliable and insightful because they are a government agency, while the reports of university professors are distorted and misleading. Read this report on special education rates and I think you'll learn a lot about how politically biased government agencies like the Department of Public Instruction can be.
6 Comments	| vouchers	| Tagged: Milwaukee, Patrick Wolf, school chocie, vouchers	| Permalink
MPS Takes "Standing in the Schoolhouse Door" to a Whole New Level
Over the weekend, John Witte and Pat Wolf had a compelling article in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel summarizing the real (as opposed to media-reported) results of the Milwaukee voucher program research being conducted by the School Choice Demonstration Project.
And then they dropped a bomb:
Recently, our research team conducted site visits to high schools in Milwaukee to examine any innovative things they are doing to educate disadvantaged children. The private high schools of the choice program graciously opened their doors to us and allowed us full access to their schools. Although several MPS principals urged us to come see their schools as well, the central administration at MPS prohibited us having any further contact with those schools as they considered our request for visits. We have not heard from them in weeks.
Our report on the private schools we visited, which will offer a series of best practices regarding student dropout prevention, will be released this fall. Should MPS choose to open the doors of their high schools to us, we will be able to learn from their approaches as well. [ea]
MPS opposition to vouchers takes standing in the schoolhouse door to a whole new level.
Leave a Comment »	| journalism, research reports, vouchers	| Tagged: Greg Forster, John Witte, Milwaukee, Patrick Wolf, School Choice Demonstration Project	| Permalink
Patrick Wolf Testifies on DC Vouchers
Watch my colleague, Patrick Wolf, tell it like it is on DC vouchers to the U.S. Senate.
And you can read his testimony here.
1 Comment	| vouchers	| Tagged: Patrick Wolf, vouchers	| Permalink
What Doesn't Work Clearinghouse
The U.S. Department of Education's "What Works Clearinghouse" (WWC) is supposed to adjudicate the scientific validity of competing education research claims so that policymakers, reporters, practitioners, and others don't have to strain their brains to do it themselves. It would be much smarter for folks to exert the mental energy themselves rather than trust a government-operated truth committee to sort things out for them.
WWC makes mistakes, is subject to political manipulation, and applies arbitrary standards. In short, what WWC says is not The Truth. WWC is not necessarily less reliable than any other source that claims to adjudicate The Truth for you. Everyone may make mistakes, distort results, and apply arbitrary standards. The problem is that WWC has the official endorsement of the U.S. Department of Education, so many people fail to take their findings with the same grains of salt that they would to the findings of any other self-appointed truth committee. And with the possibility that government money may be conditioned on WWC endorsement, WWC's shortcomings are potentially more dangerous.
I could provide numerous examples of WWC's mistakes, political manipulation, and arbitrariness, but for the brevity of a blog post let me illustrate my point with just a few.
First, WWC was sloppy and lazy in its recent finding that the Milwaukee voucher evaluation, led by my colleagues Pat Wolf and John Witte, failed to meet "WWC evidence standards" because "the authors do not provide evidence that the subsamples of voucher recipients and public school comparison students analyzed in this study were initially equivalent in math and reading achievement." WWC justifies their conclusion with a helpful footnote that explains: "At the time of publication, the WWC had contacted the corresponding author for additional information regarding the equivalence of the analysis samples at baseline and no response had been received."
But if WWC had actually bothered to read the Milwaukee reports they would have found the evidence of equivalence they were looking for. The Milwaukee voucher evaluation that Pat and John are leading has a matched-sample research design. In fact, the research team produced an entire report whose purpose was to demonstrate that the matching had worked and produced comparable samples. In addition, in the 3rd Year report the researchers devoted an entire section (see appendix B) to documenting the continuing equivalence of the matched samples despite some attrition of students over time.
Rather than reading the reports and examining the evidence on the comparability of the matched samples, WWC decided that the best way to determine whether the research met their standards for sample equivalence was to email John Witte and ask him. I guess it's all that hard work that justifies the multi-million dollar contract Mathematica receives from the U.S. Department of Education to run WWC.
As it turns out, Witte was traveling when WWC sent him the email. When he returned he deleted their request along with a bunch of other emails without examining it closely. But WWC took Witte's non-response as confirmation that there was no evidence demonstrating the equivalence of the matched samples. WWC couldn't be bothered to contact any of the several co-authors. They just went for their negative conclusion without further reading, thought, or effort.
I can't prove it (and I'm sure my thought-process would not meet WWC standards), but I'll bet that if the subject of the study was not vouchers, WWC would have been sure to read the reports closely and make extra efforts to contact co-authors before dismissing the research as failing to meet their standards. But voucher researchers have grown accustomed to double-standards when others assess their research. It's just amazingly ironic to see the federally-sponsored entity charged with maintaining consistent and high standards fall so easily into their own double-standard.
Another example — I served on a WWC panel regarding school turnarounds a few years ago. We were charged with assessing the research on how to successfully turnaround a failing school. We quickly discovered that there was no research that met WWC's standards on that question. I suggested that we simply report that there is no rigorous evidence on this topic. The staff rejected that suggestion, emphasizing that the Department of Education needed to have some evidence on effective turnaround strategies.
I have no idea why the political needs of the Department should have affected the truth committee in assessing the research, but it did. We were told to look at non-rigorous research, including case-studies, anecdotes, and our own experience to do our best in identifying promising strategies. It was strange — there were very tight criteria for what met WWC standards, but there were effectively no standards when it came to less rigorous research. We just had to use our professional judgment.
We ended up endorsing some turnaround strategies (I can't even remember what they were) but we did so based on virtually no evidence. And this was all fine as long as we said that the conclusions were not based on research that met WWC standards. I still don't know what would have been wrong with simply saying that research doesn't have much to tell us about effective turnaround strategies, but I guess that's not the way truth committees work. Truth committees have to provide the truth even when it is false.
The heart of the problem is that science has never depended on government-run truth committees to make progress. It is simply not possible for the government to adjudicate the truth on disputed topics because the temptation to manipulate the answer or simply to make sloppy and lazy mistakes is all too great. This is not a problem that is particular to the Obama Administration or to Mathematica. My second example was from the Bush Administration when WWC was run by AIR.
The hard reality is that you can never fully rely on any authority to adjudicate the truth for you. Yes, conflicting claims can be confusing. Yes, it would be wonderfully convenient if someone just sorted it all out for us. But once we give someone else the power to decide the truth on our behalf, we are prey to whatever distortions or mistakes they may make. And since self-interest introduces distortions and the tendency to make mistakes, the government is a particularly untrustworthy entity to rely upon when it comes to government policy.
Science has always made progress by people sorting through the mess of competing, often technical, claims. When official truth committees have intervened, it has almost always hindered scientific progress. Remember that it was the official truth committee that determined that Galileo was wrong. Truth committees have taken positions on evolution, global warming, and a host of other controversial topics. It simply doesn't help.
We have no alternative to sorting through the evidence and trying to figure these things out ourselves. We may rely upon the expertise of others in helping us sort out competing claims, but we should always do so with caution, since those experts may be mistaken or even deceptive. But when the government starts weighing in as an expert, it speaks with far too much authority and can be much more coercive. A What Works Clearinghouse simply doesn't work.
8 Comments	| methodology, research reports, vouchers	| Tagged: AIR, John Witte, Mathematica, Patrick Wolf, What Works Clearinghouse	| Permalink


I graduated from Columbia University in the city of New York with a degree in Mechanical Engineering in 2011. I then completed a MSc in Sustainable Energy Systems at the University of Edinburgh in September 2012.
I was completing my MSc at The Unviersity of Edinburgh.
During the dissertation phase of my MSc degree I made the decision to pursue a research degree following the completion of the MSc. The IDCORE programme therefore seemed as an appealing choice as it integrated the research experience of a traditional PhD with real industrial experience in the industry. I felt given that I was unsure if I wanted to go into academia or industry following my doctorate that this offered the best compromise and experience to prepare me for either.
The offshore renewables industry appealed to me as it is a rapidly growing industry with unique challenges as compared to onshore renewables or conventional power generation. The most important challenge facing the industry as a whole is reducing the Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) such that these energy sources are competitive.
My project within the EDF Energy R&D UK Centre's Offshore Wind team focuses on developing a tool to allow for the optimisation of an offshore wind farm layout such that the LCOE is minimised, and the wind farm is maximising its potential. The greatest challenge of this project has been to identify the factors that contribute to the LCOE and means of modelling these. However, as the project includes a global optimisation problem it is important to always keep the trade-off between model accuracy and computational time.
As this project covers almost all aspects of the development of a wind farm I hope that the work done on this project will advance my understanding of offshore wind farms and offshore renewable energy systems. Through the gain of this knowledge it is the ambition of this project to develop a tool which can be used in conjunction with both EDF internal cost modelling and resource assessment tools to support decision making and planning of future offshore wind projects.
So far the IDCORE programme has been an enjoyable experience and has met my expectations. I am looking forward to getting deeper into the research phase.


text:
from django import db
from django.db import transaction
from django.conf import settings
from django.core.management.base import NoArgsCommand
from data.models import Cfda
import csv, os, glob
from dateutil.parser import *
import traceback

# National Priorities Project Data Repository
# import_cfda

# Imports Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) file
# source info: ftp://ftp.cfda.gov/usaspending/
# destination model: Cfda

# safe to re-run: yes

SOURCE_DIR = '%s/cfda' % settings.LOCAL_DATA_ROOT

class Command(NoArgsCommand):

    @transaction.commit_on_success
    def handle_noargs(self, **options):

        def clean_text(s):
            s = s.strip().decode("windows-1252")
            if s.lower() == 'none.':
                s = s[:-1]
            elif s.lower() == 'not applicable.':
                s = s[:-1]
            elif s.lower() == 'no data available.':
                s = s[:-1]
            return s
        def clean_end_punct(s):
            if len(s) and s[-1] == '.':
                return s[:-1].strip()
            else:
                return s.strip()
        def clean_flag(s):
            if s.strip().lower() == 'yes':
                return True
            else:
                return False

        update_count = 0
        insert_count = 0
        update_list = []

        dir_path = os.path.join('%s/programs-full-usaspending*.csv' % SOURCE_DIR)
        for file in glob.glob(dir_path):
            data_reader = csv.reader(open(file))
            for i, row in enumerate(data_reader):
                if i == 0:
                    header_row = row
                else:
                    try:
                        program_number = row[1]
                        record = Cfda.objects.get(program_number=program_number)
                        update_count = update_count + 1
                        update_list.append(program_number)
                    except:
                        record = Cfda()
                        record.program_number=program_number
                        insert_count = insert_count + 1
                    record.program_title = clean_text(row[0])
                    record.popular_name = clean_text(row[2])
                    record.agency_name = clean_text(row[3])
                    record.authorization = clean_text(row[4])
                    record.objective = clean_text(row[5])
                    record.assistance_type = clean_text(row[6])
                    record.use = clean_text(row[7])
                    record.applicant_eligibility = clean_text(row[8])
                    record.beneficiary_eligibility = clean_text(row[9])
                    record.credentials = clean_text(row[10])
                    record.preapplication_coordination = clean_text(row[11])
                    record.application_procedure = clean_text(row[12])
                    record.award_procedure = clean_text(row[13])
                    record.deadline = clean_text(row[14])
                    record.approval_time_range = clean_text(row[15])
                    record.appeals = clean_text(row[16])
                    record.renewal = clean_text(row[17])
                    record.formula_matching_grant_request = clean_text(row[18])
                    record.assistance_length_time = clean_text(row[19])
                    record.reports = clean_text(row[20])
                    record.audits = clean_text(row[21])
                    record.record = clean_text(row[22])
                    record.account_id = clean_end_punct(row[23])
                    record.obligations = clean_text(row[24])
                    record.range_average_assistance = clean_text(row[25])
                    record.accomplishments = clean_text(row[26])
                    record.regulations = clean_text(row[27])
                    record.regional_local_office = clean_text(row[28])
                    record.headquarters_office = clean_text(row[29])
                    record.web_address = clean_end_punct(row[30])
                    #related_program
                    record.example_projects = clean_text(row[32])
                    record.selection_criteria = clean_text(row[33])
                    record.url = clean_text(row[34])
                    record.recovery_flag = clean_flag(row[35])
                    record.omb_agency_code = clean_text(row[36])
                    record.omb_bureau_code = clean_text(row[37])
                    record.published_date = parse(clean_text(row[38]))
                    try:
                        record.save()
                        db.reset_queries()
                    except:
                        traceback.print_exc()
                        for j,col in enumerate(row):
                            print '%s: %s %s' % (header_row[j], len(col), col.decode("windows-1252"))
                        return

            #insert record for "missing" program code
            try:
                record = Cfda.objects.get(program_number='99.999')
            except:
                record = Cfda()
                record.program_number = '99.999'
                record.published_date = parse('1/1/1980')
                record.program_title = 'Missing or Unknown'
                record.save()
                db.reset_queries()
                insert_count = insert_count + 1

            print 'CFDA loaded: %s records inserted, %s updated' % (insert_count, update_count)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
River Park Square is a shopping mall and entertainment complex in Spokane, Washington. The shopping center was originally opened in 1974. Following years of decline, the center was redeveloped in 1999 using public and private funds in an effort to revitalize downtown Spokane. The mall, still privately owned by Cowles Company, is anchored by Nordstrom and contains an outpost of AMC Theatres.

History
The original River Park Square was opened in 1974. In 1978, an expansion added a 55,000 square-foot enclosed second level and two skywalks connecting the mall to the JCPenney and Nordstrom stores. When completed, the shopping center contained 800,000 square-feet of retail space with The Crescent, JCPenney, and Nordstrom as anchor stores. In February 1984, a new skywalk was constructed to connect the center to The Bon Marché, which was located east of the complex. The addition of the skywalk added 20,000 square-foot of retail space to the center.

In January 1987, Osco Drug closed its drug store at the shopping mall. The drug store, which previously operated as PayLess Drug and Skaggs, had been located in downtown Spokane since 1942. The space was quickly replaced by Thrifty Drug in November 1987. In April 1994, PayLess Drug, which acquired the pharmacy from Thrifty, closed for good.

In 1991, JCPenney closed its store at River Park Square after relocating to the newly renovated NorthTown Mall. Burlington Coat Factory moved into the space in 1994 and remained at the mall until moving to a larger location in 2001. In April 1992, the shopping mall suffered a big loss when Frederick & Nelson, which acquired The Crescent in 1988, liquidated and closed its remaining stores.

In 1995, the Spokane City Council announced that it would seek a $23.8 million federal loan to build a larger Nordstrom store in an attempt bring shoppers back to the ailing shopping center. On February 12, 1998, Nordstrom signed a 20-year lease on a new building at River Park Square. Construction began in April 1998. The old Nordstrom building was demolished shortly after for new retail space. The redeveloped $110 million shopping center opened on August 20, 1999 to a crowd of about 2,000 people.

The mall has expanded in the 2010s with the acquisition of the Saad building in 2015 on the corner of Main and Wall Street being replaced with a 10,000 square foot Urban Outfitters location and in the spring of 2016 with the acquisition of the shuttered Macy's building across from Wall Street, which was converted into luxury apartments with first floor retail. A Nike Factory Store became the tenant in the new 12,000 square foot retail portion of the building, now called "The M" in reference to the buildings former tenants, The Bon Marché and Macy's. A Flatstick Pub was added as an additional tenant in 2019.

Being an urban, mixed use mall has been beneficial to it. Its proximity to other foot traffic generating attractions such as Riverfront Park, a public library, and eateries and having a revenue generating parking garage downtown has allowed River Park Square to weather a deteriorating retail outlook that has challenged suburban outlet malls; River Park Square's customer base is also more recession resistant as it has more high end luxury stores such as an Apple store and Nordstrom than do typical outlet malls.

References

External links

 River Park Square Official Site

Cowles Company
Buildings and structures in Spokane, Washington
Shopping malls established in 1974
1974 establishments in Washington (state)
Shopping malls in Washington (state)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Use existing Lightning component in $A.createComponent I wish to make dynamic aura:id's and for that i want to use $A.createComponent, now i already have a component called 'pageComponentCard' that i wish to call but i can't do this.
The code in question:
    $A.createComponent(
        "c:pageComponentCard",
        {
            "component":"{!v.cardId}",
        },
        function(newCard, status, errorMessage){
            if (status === "SUCCESS") {
                var body = cmp.get("v.body");
                body.push(newCard);
                cmp.set("v.body", body);
            }
            else if (status === "INCOMPLETE") {
                console.log("No response from server or client is offline.")
            }
                else if (status === "ERROR") {
                    console.log("Error: " + errorMessage);
            }
        }
    );

Both tried with and without the "c:"

A: The mistake is at passing attribute value to pageComponentCard "component":"{!v.cardId}", {!v.cardId} it is used in component markup . you must use component.get("v.cardId") to get attribute value.in controller.
$A.createComponent(
        "c:pageComponentCard",
        {
            "component":component.get("v.cardId"),
        },
        function(newCard, status, errorMessage){
            if (status === "SUCCESS") {
                var body = cmp.get("v.body");
                body.push(newCard);
                cmp.set("v.body", body);
            }
            else if (status === "INCOMPLETE") {
                console.log("No response from server or client is offline.")
            }
                else if (status === "ERROR") {
                    console.log("Error: " + errorMessage);
            }
        }
    );

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


From the perspective of the person using an industrial scale, one of the most important concerns is the difficulty of manually placing items onto and off of the scale platform. It is obvious that the lower the profile of the scale, the easier it will be to load and unload it by hand. If the height of the platform is too great, it will be more difficult to perform this procedure.
There are many circumstances where the electronic scale will be loaded with a fork lift. In this case, the height of the platform is of no concern. Similarly, if a motorized pallet jack is used for loading, there is no additional effort placed on the scale operator. But in this case, the ramp needed for a scale with a higher platform will be longer than that used for a lower platform. It will also be more expensive. Many platform scales with capacities of 1000 pounds, or even more, are constructed with a single load cell. The load cell is the electro-mechanical device which measures the force being applied from the scale platform and develops an electrical signal that is proportional to this force. Additional electronics within the scale measure the electrical signal and convert it into a digital number, and the process and display the value of weight. If just a single load cell is used, it must be placed in the center of the digital scale platform. It must be both wide and tall, so that when loads are placed on the platform in a way that is not well centered, the load cell and the platform will not tilt over to one side. It must be able to resist side and torsional loads. Therefore the result is a scale with a fairly small platform, but with more height than would be desired. Typical scales of this type may have platform heights of six inches, or even more. One way to achieve a lower platform height is to use four load cells, with one in each corner of the scale platform. Although load cells are among the highest cost components of an industrial scale, the benefit to the user can be considerable. High quality platform scales, such as those produced by Arlyn Scales, use this method. Now, it does not matter where the load is placed on the scale platform. The load will be shared between the four load cells. The signals coming from each of the cells is combined to provide a total weight value. Since there are now minimal side loads, the load cells may be much smaller, with a much lower profile. It is not unusual to find scales of this type with heights in the range of three inches. Another way to reduce the scale height even further is to choose a good material for fabricating the load cell. A very popular choice is aluminum. It is relatively inexpensive, and is easy to machine into the desired shape. The commonly used alloys have good temperature characteristics. When comparing aluminum to stainless steel, it is quite strong when compared to its weight. But for any specified thickness of material, it is the stainless steel that will be stronger. This can be seen when comparing the modulus of elasticity of the two materials. Therefore, for any specified capacity, a load cell fabricated from stainless steel can be considerably smaller than one fabricated from aluminum. This, in turn, will allow the height of the scale platform to be reduced. Again, high quality low profile platform scales from Arlyn Scales exclusively use stainless steel load cells. Of course there are a number of other desirable features to enhance the use of electronic scales. The digital display should be large, with good contrast, and should be easy to read. One of the best choices is a graphics liquid crystal display. These have the added benefit of showing higher contrast in high ambient light conditions. This can be particularly useful when the platform scales are used outdoors. Others types of enhancements are the communication capabilities of the industrial scale. While an operator may directly use the data shown on the display, it may also be important to print this data or store it in a database. Some common communication standards often found on electronic scales include RS-232 Serial ports, Universal Serial Bus, and Ethernet.


text:
Q: library/API recommendation for adding instrumentation in code If I want to add some instrumentation in my code for getting metrics like how long a particular method took to execute, anyone has recommendation for either windows build-in or any 3rd party library?

A: If you want this at runtime, you should probably use a profiler offline.  I'd avoid doing any instrumentation where possible as it takes time and therefore causes more performance problems.
Google for RedGate ANTS Profiler or JetBrains dotTrace.  If you have VS2010 Premium, it has one built in.  That will give you a method-level breakdown of what is happening time-wise.

A: I've seen this done with PostSharp AOP framework, hooked into Windows Performance Counters (System.Diagnostics.PerformanceCounter).  One of their introductory pieces of sample code shows how to do this:
http://www.sharpcrafters.com/solutions/performance
This might be a good option if you want to deploy these measurements to production and measure performance in a live manner (to do diagnosis of a running system).
If you just want to locate bottlenecks in your code, and don't need to do live diagnosis, I suggest you simply use a profiler, such as the one built into VS or Ants Profiler (as Chris already suggested).  Then run a redacted copy of your production data against your code so your performance measurements match production.

A: Generally a profiler will take care of measuring performance.
If you need to measure time yourself StopWatch with some sort of tracing is often enough.


Most of the mountains in the world with elevations greater than 7,200 metres (23,622 ft) above sea level are found where?
Who wrote the theme tune to the hit TV show The Big Bang Theory?
Andreas Thorkildsen set a new Olympic record at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing for throwing what?
What is the Song of Songs part of?
Which author wrote novels dealing largely with the sea and seamen, often as reminiscences of a sailor, "Marlow"?


Jose Ramos-Horta, East Timor's Foreign Minister, is everything his country is not: highly educated, sophisticated and stylish.
For 25 years he roamed the globe as an international spokesman for East Timorese independence, acquiring degrees, a doctorate and a Nobel Peace Prize on the way.
He has made countless speeches in the name of justice for East Timor.
This week was his first visit to New Zealand as Foreign Minister, but he protests that he is a reluctant politician.
"I am still ambivalent about it. I do not like being in Government.
"I am very independent-minded. I'm very private. I prefer to be able to do what I want, to say what I want, to wake up when I want, to go to work when I want," he says the morning after a private dinner at a Wellington restaurant hosted by New Zealand Foreign Minister Phil Goff. It almost sounds as though he might have preferred a night out with Winston Peters.
The time for theory has passed. Ramos-Horta and his colleagues in Government face the reality of maintaining a decent water and power supply, and establishing a halfway functioning justice system.
New Zealand is one of dozens of countries helping East Timor on the road to nationhood. Our contribution has been across broad areas including the military, education, police, customs and prisons.
Despite the gratitude, it has emerged that New Zealand's efforts were not trouble-free, especially when it came to prisons.
To put it simply, the Timorese thought New Zealand was too soft on prisoners.
The Corrections Department helped to set up three prisons, which involved 40 Corrections staff, the last of whom withdrew in May. Almost immediately there was the philosophical clash you might expect when you put a First World prison in a Third World environment.
The primary objector was Ana Pessoa, the Minister for Justice and Ramos-Horta's former wife. She wanted less modern-style rehabilitation and more punishment.
When she ordered that toilet paper and soap be removed, leaving it to the prisoners' families to supply them, there was a riot.
Ramos-Horta is diplomatic: "Certainly we have some different views in the country itself on what philosophy, what system, to adopt.
"We are debating if this society should feed and pay for the accommodation for criminals who spend the whole day either sitting around or playing cards or watching television and have three meals a day when people outside the prison walls maybe don't have three meals a day, don't have a television."
After the Corrections Department completed its mission, the East Timorese took over, with apparent limited success.
A couple of weeks ago there was a mass breakout at Becora Prison in Dili. More than half the prisoners, over 100, escaped. Only 30 or 40 are still at large, says Ramos-Horta. But he clearly has some sympathy for the hardliners, having made a surprise visit to Becora while the New Zealanders were still running the show.
"I was surprised with the conditions in the prison. Very clean. I arrived around mealtime and I was shocked with the quality of the food served to the prisoners.
"People outside the prison walls were complaining. Some of my people say we should send the prisoners to the south coast for hard labour, to work in the agriculture sector."
Independence for East Timor was formally ushered in on May 20 before an array of international guests, including Bill Clinton, Kofi Annan and Megawati Sukarnoputri, each welcomed on to the stage like an old friend by Ramos-Horta, switching effortlessly between several languages. Ramos-Horta speaks Portuguese, plus English, French, Spanish and the most commonly spoken East Timorese language, Tetum.
East Timor is now a hotbed of competing influences, not least among them the former colonial ruler, Portugal.
Under the new constitution, the Government controversially reverted to Portuguese as an official language - along with Tetum - replacing Indonesian.
It is reported that only 17 per cent of the population speak Portuguese, 63 per cent Indonesian and 91 per cent Tetum.
It has led to problems in court hearings, for example, where three translations are sometimes necessary - for those who are lucky enough to get a court hearing.
"Our courts do not function," Ramos-Horta told the Herald. "They do not function because we do not have trained judges, prosecutors, public defenders in sufficient numbers. The courts are totally clogged with unresolved cases so it means the prison system is totally clogged with people ... awaiting trial; when maybe someone has stolen a chicken, stolen a bicycle and is there for a year in prison."
Ramos-Horta has been to New Zealand half a dozen times, his first visit being in July 1975, five months before the Indonesian invasion of the former Portuguese colony.
He remembers being greeted by long-haired activists who have become friends.
These days it is limousines to befit a visiting dignitary, but his new status has had no effect on his 5 o'clock shadow, which is well established by 10am.
His mandarin jacket is adorned with two badges - one to signify independence, and the other a miniature of the grand cross of the Order of Freedom presented to him by the President of Portugal.
He is the son of campaigners - a Timorese mother and a Portuguese father who was exiled to East Timor by Portugal's Salazar dictatorship.
Four of his 11 brothers and sisters were killed by Indonesian forces.
During his visit, Ramos-Horta raised the possibility with Goff of extending help from New Zealand in tourism, the environment and re-afforestation.
"The bubble economy that has been generated with the massive presence of the United Nations is bursting.
"We have severe unemployment and we have to look at creative ways to generate employment for the short term," says Ramos-Horta.
He does not see the millions due from royalties within three years from the Timor Sea oil and gas as a silver bullet.
"We are very conscious that the oil can be a blessing, but it can also be a curse in the sense that if we have it too easy - with oil and gas money - we can lose the incentive to work hard in the other sectors of our economy.
"We are going to continue to focus on supporting our agriculture sector, fisheries, tourism, developing small industries."
Ramos-Horta is effusive about New Zealand's contribution, its style as much as its substance, which he puts down to having "no ulterior motive".
"I think New Zealand's contribution in East Timor has been remarkable."
Asked what he meant about "ulterior motive", he says: "Does New Zealand have any neo-colonial imperial ambitions anywhere? It is a totally 'innocent' country that no one looks at with suspicion because of its size, because of the way it conducts itself in its relations with others.
"When New Zealand wants to help East Timor, no one questions New Zealand's motives."


text:
Q: How do you return from an asynchronous NSURLConnection to the calling class? I've got the following class which makes an HTTP post request asynchronously to avoid problems on the main UI thread:
@implementation DataFeeder

-(void) doLookup:(NSString *)inputValue
{
    NSString *myRequestString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"val=%@", inputValue];
    NSMutableData *myRequestData = [ NSMutableData dataWithBytes: [ myRequestString UTF8String ] length: [ myRequestString length ] ];

    NSURL * myUrl = [NSURL URLWithString: @"http://mywebsite/results.php"];
    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL: myUrl];
    [request setHTTPMethod: @"POST"];
    [request setHTTPBody: myRequestData];
    [request setTimeoutInterval:10.0];

    [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self];
}

- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response {
    responseData = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
}

- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {
    [responseData appendData:data];
}

- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error {
    // Show error message
}

- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection {
    // Use responseData
    // Got all my response data here, so build up an object ready to send back
}

@end

I'm invoking the above from my ViewController using the following line of code :
MyObject * myObj = [feeder doLookup:@"SomeStaticStringForNow"];
So, this is how I understand it :

*

*The doLookup will execute the request on an asynchronous
connection.

*When the data has been fully loaded, it will invoke connectionDidFinishLoading

*Once the data has finished loading, I will build up an object from the response data that I will send back to the calling controller

How can I have the calling controller listen out for this? Do I need to implement my own callback methods in the ViewController that will listen out for invocation and then stop a spinner and update the UI based on the contents of myObj ?
I'm hoping theres a really easy way that I've overlooked...
Thanks

A: Yeah, you should implement your callback using the delegate pattern. That is, in my opinion, the easiest and most standard way to do it. There are other ways, as you can see in the other responses.
In your DataFeeder.h file:
@protocol DataFeederDelegate
 - (void)dataReady:(NSData*)data;
@end

@interface DataFeeder : NSObject {
 id delegate_;
}
- (id)initWithDelegate:(id<DataFeederDelegate>)delegate;
@end

In your DataFeeder.m:
@implementation DataFeeder
- (id)initWithDelegate:(id<DataFeederDelegate>)delegate {
  self = [super init];
  if(self) {
    delegate_ = delegate;
  }
  return self;
}
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection {
 [delegate_ dataReady:responseData];
}
@end

You would instantiate a DataFeeder object like this:
DataFeeder *dataFeeder = [[DataFeeder alloc] initWithDelegate:self];

Of course, the calling view controller has to implement the DataFeederDelegate methods.

A: You have several approaches to getting you ViewController notified when the data is there:

*

*define a delegate protocol between the ViewController and the DataFeeder, so that the latter sends a message to the former in connectionDidFinishLoading:;

*use NSNotificationCenter so to decouple DataFeeder and ViewController: ViewController adds itself as an observer to the default notification center:
 [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(dataIsThere:) name:kMyNetworkNotificationDataIsThere object:nil];

while DataFeeder send the notification at the right time:
     [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:kMyNetworkNotificationDataIsThere object:self];

*

*make ViewController implement the delegate methods for NSURLConnection and handle the response itself (this will require passing it as a parameter to DataFeeder constructor).

A: A nice way to do this would be using blocks. Your doLookup: method could accept a block object, and you can invoke that when the connection finishes.
Since you probably want to be able to perform multiple lookups with different completion blocks, you need to associate the passed in block with the appropriate NSURLConnection.
To do this ou can either use an NSURLConnection subclass with a completionBlock property, or use objective-C associated objects (by using the objc_setAssociatedObject and objc_getAssociatedObject functions) to attach the block to the connection object.
When everything is ready in the connectionDidFinishLoading: method and you've prepared the final response object, you grab the block from the NSURLConnection object and invoke it, passing it the final data.
So you eventually want your client code to look like this:
[feeder doLookup:@"Something" completionBlock:(FetchedData *data, NSError *error) {
    if (error) {
        // ...
        return;
    }

    // access the returned data
}];

I hope this was enough detail for you.


text:
Institutional Directory
Competitiveness Observatory
Competitiveness Improvement Plan
Commercial routes between Dominican Republic and the Caribbean
Frecuent Questions
Inter-Institutional agreements
General Councils
Commitment Letter
PNCS
President Medina heads VIII Plenary Meeting of the Competitiveness Council
During the day, the report about the Dominican economy and the international context was presented, by the Governor of the Central Bank, Dr. Héctor Valdez Albizu.
Also, the executive vicepresident of the Dominican Corporation of State Electric Companies (CDEEE), Ing, Rubén Jiménez Bichara, exposed a report about the evolution of the electricity sector and its perspectives.
For the first time, opinion leaders and mass media directors were presents.
November 6, 2019, Santo Domingo. - The President of the Republic, Danilo Medina, headed the eighth meeting of the Plenary of the Council in which the work of the agenda of the Plenary of COMPETITIVENESS, which includes Decree 453-18, was continued, to promote the "National Year of Innovation and Competitiveness" and in compliance with the presidential goals along with the Competitive Dominican agenda.
During the ordinary session of the plenary session, the governor of the Central Bank, Dr. Héctor Valdez Albizu, presented the report about of the Dominican economy and the international context, in which he said that the Dominican economy is the only one in Latin America that maintains growth projected by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Albizu said that despite the turbulent international environment, the terms of trade of the Dominican Republic have improved due to oil prices and higher gold prices. In addition, he highlighted that the country's budget was prepared correctly: "Our growth and stability are not negotiable".
Then, the executive vicepresident of the Dominican Corporation of State Electric Companies (CDEEE), Ing. Rubén Jiménez Bichara, approached the issue of the evolution of the electricity sector and its perspectives. In another order, the Chancellor of the Republic, Miguel Vargas Maldonado, made the announcement of a ship for trade with Caribbean islands that will benefit exports to and from the country.
Similarly, the committees for Productive Development and Exports, Health Registries, Fiscal Methodology and Innovation were followed up on it. From the Committee on Productive Development and Exports, were presented the advances that today exceed 50% of completed measures. This corresponds to more than 109 measures. Within the framework of the Fiscal Methodology committee, the consensus reached by the Dominican Government regarding benefits to the reactivation and activation of the Law of Proindustry of the Dominican Republic was presented to the Plenary Council. This task is in charge of the Ministry of Finance. As for the innovation committee and its strategy, the pillars that comprise it were presented: Educational Innovation and Talent Development, Business Innovation and Government Innovation. In the coming weeks the draft decree will be socialized between the public, private and academia sectors.
During the session were welcomed the new 13 members of the National Competitiveness Council and the Advisory Council, these designations were established through Decree 348-19, through Art.1 to the Minister of Public Works and Communications, Ramón Antonio Pepín and the Minister of Labor, Winston Santos, representing the public sector. In Art-2, eleven new members joined the Advisory Council, they are Celso Juan Marranzini, Lina García, Isaachart Burgos, Eduardo Lima, Juan José Attias, María Waleska Álvarez, Rogelio Viesca, José Luís Magadan, Lucille Houellemont, Claudia Pellerano and Sandy Filpo, representing the private sector.
In the press conference, Rafael Paz, summarized the results of the Dominican Republic in the recently published Global Competitiveness Index (IGC) and Doing Business. Extending in the latter that, "a series of measures are being developed in favor of the Building Permits and Stock Market pillars." In addition, Paz said that in the indicator opening of companies "there was an improvement of 2.0 points in the score; we went from 83.4 to 85.4 percentage points. This was due to the promulgation of Law 68-19 that modifies Law 479-08, in order to eliminate the minimum capital requirement required for the formation of limited liability companies".
Also, it was reported that the Municipal Competitiveness Index project will be announced with the objective of Contributing to local sustainable development, focusing municipal management towards attracting investments that generate employment and increase the productive and consumption capacity of the localities. , generating well-being in the municipality and developing its competitive advantages.
The necessary funds has already been authorized for the single window of construction permits so that the Ministry of Public Works and Communications (MOPC) can expedite the issuance time.
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http://competitividad.gob.do/index.php/en/news/item/856-president-medina-heads-viii-plenary-meeting-of-the-competitiveness-council#sigProId0dcbc1f68f
Competitiveness presents Citizen Commitment Letter 2019-2021
Great challenges for 2020 and a look at Competitiveness in 2019
OECD visits for the 2nd time DR to review the National Production Transformation Policies
DR scale three positions in the Social Progress Index 2019
COMPETITIVENESS collaborators strengthen the Quality Management System
DR presents advances in Production Transformation Policies in Egypt
National Council of Competitiveness
Ave. Jiménez Moya #32, Edificio Franco Acra, 4to. Piso, Santo Domingo, R.D.
Tel.: (809) 476.7262 Fax: (809) 563.0014
contacto@competitividad.gob.do
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text:
A report by the select vestry of the church to the rector of the parish : with appendices, containing opinions of Canadian counsel and evidence of the chief cathedral authorities in England, relative to ecclesiastical law and usage in England and Canada
The instance A report by the select vestry of the church to the rector of the parish : with appendices, containing opinions of Canadian counsel and evidence of the chief cathedral authorities in England, relative to ecclesiastical law and usage in England and Canada represents a material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Biddle Law Library. This resource is a combination of several types including: Instance, Electronic.
The Resource A report by the select vestry of the church to the rector of the parish : with appendices, containing opinions of Canadian counsel and evidence of the chief cathedral authorities in England, relative to ecclesiastical law and usage in England and Canada
with appendices, containing opinions of Canadian counsel and evidence of the chief cathedral authorities in England, relative to ecclesiastical law and usage in England and Canada
Montreal, Lovell Printing and Publishing Co., 1875
Buffalo, New York, William S. Hein & Co., 2007
Preface signed S.E. Dawson
Report of the select vestry -- Opinion of the Honorable Mr. Justice Badgley -- Opinion of William H. Kerr, Esq., Q.C. -- Evidence of the deans and chapters of the cathedral churches of England -- Evidence of the bishops of England -- Sir Robert Phillimore's remarks upon the maxim that the cathedral is the parish church of the diocese -- Correspondence between His Lordship the metropolitan and the rector of the parish
1 online resource (99 pages)
Context of A report by the select vestry of the church to the rector of the parish : with appendices, containing opinions of Canadian counsel and evidence of the chief cathedral authorities in England, relative to ecclesiastical law and usage in England and Canada

 Data from A report by the select vestry of the church to the rector of the parish : with appendices, containing opinions of Canadian counsel and evidence of the chief cathedral authorities in England, relative to ecclesiastical law and usage in England and Canada - Biddle Law Library

Data Citation of the Instance A report by the select vestry of the church to the rector of the parish : with appendices, containing opinions of Canadian counsel and evidence of the chief cathedral authorities in England, relative to ecclesiastical law and usage in England and Canada
http://link.law.upenn.edu/resource/OCJ9DC4Rhy8/
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