Discover our tailor-made itineraries in other major Italian destinations too! Plan your holiday according to your needs - we have studied a number of routes, tips and suggestions to help you make the most of your time, avoid bad surprises and discover the best of the most beautiful Italy. Each destination is full of secrets just waiting to be revealed - so relax and make use of our experience to optimize your visit. Browse the section dedicated to each city, compare your program and choose the options that best work for you: your holiday will be richer and more complete!
Welcome to Florence! As soon as you have arrived, we suggest you immerse yourself in the historical center: visit the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, also known as the Duomo, one of the symbols of Florence. It is one of the most beautiful cathedrals in Italy, with its impressive 153 meters/500 feet in length, and the sparkling splendor of the colored facade. Don't just stop for the classic photo! Brunelleschi's Dome, which you should definitely visit. The frescoes were painted by Vasari, who depicted a spectacular Last Judgement, which with its 3,600 square meters (over 4,300 square yards!) is the largest fresco in the world, just as the structure is the largest brick dome ever built! Reservations are highly recommended, and you'll also enjoy a magnificent view! If you want to add another spectacular panorama to you visit, a professionally guided tour of the Terraces of the Duomo assures you will see everything. Another view not to be missed is from Giotto's freestanding Bell Tower (considered the most beautiful in Italy). We're sure you'll enjoy a visit to the Baptistery, the "eight-sided wonder of Florence," with its gold mosaic dome and magnificent bronze doors. To complete your cathedral complex experience, visit the Museum Opera del Duomo, full of ancient relics and works of art (such as the Bandini Pietá by Michelangelo).
After the visit, take Via Roma towards Piazza della Repubblica: you'll find two famous cafes (Gilli, awarded to be one of the "Top 10 in Italy", and Paszkowski), perfect for a well-deserved and refreshing break. The area is dedicated to quality shopping, with some of the most important Italian designers being near Palazzo Strozzi. Wander through the lively streets and window-shop, then take Via Tornabuoni, which ends at the Ferragamo building on the corner of the Arno river. Look out from the Santa Trinitá bridge, and you'll see the Ponte Vecchio in front of you!
Shopping in this part of the center is irresistible. You'll find leather, ceramics, gold, fashionable clothing, oil, and Chianti wine. But what and where to buy? You might find a shopping tour helpful for avoiding unpleasant surprises!
It's impossible to recommend a single store - but if you take Via Porta Rossa from Via Tornabuoni, passing through the Piazza della Signoria and Via dei Gondi and Borgo dei Greci, you'll find all you need. It's a walk of about 15 minutes through historical streets with many old residences (such as the Palazzo Davanzati, at number 13 of Via Porta Rossa), where you will find many specialty shops. You'll arrive at Piazza Santa Croce, dominated by the Basilica. The marble facade encloses one of the most beautiful sacred edifices ever built, the largest Franciscan church in the world, a must visit. Known as the "Temple of the Italian Glories", Santa Croce is the burial place of great Italians such as Michelangelo, Galileo, and Rossini. The chapels were painted with authentic masterpieces, as were the cloisters and the Pazzi Chapel. We recommend you dedicate a little more than an hour to the entire complex for a visit you won't regret. If you prefer to be guided during your first meeting with Florence, a great alternative is the quick and economical Walk & Talk Florence: Guided Walking Tour. On this morning walk (starting at 10:00am), your guide will help you discover the city's architectural and historical evolution in just two hours. Not only will you see many of Florence's celebrated sights you might miss on your own – you'll also get a taste of the delicious Tuscan cuisine and wine.
For a delicious treat in the late afternoon, we recommend you join us at 5:00pm for the Wine, Oil and Cheese Tasting: the sommelier will offer tastings of fine wines paired with the best flavors from the countryside, all in one of the best wine bars of Florence.
The perfect ending to your day is a traditional Florentine meal – for example with bistecca alla fiorentina (a rare and tender steak), game, "poor" soups (such as the Pappa al Pomodoro and Ribollita, a soup of bread and vegetables), along with cheese and red wine. If you've just visited Santa Croce and are on the Piazza in front of it, turn left toward the Arno river, and walk until you reach the Corso dei Tintori. We recommend the restaurant Fagioli (at number 47r) for a traditional home environment.
Not tired yet? Take bus 12 or 13 up to Piazzale Michelangelo, the most beautiful terrace in town. If you arrive at the Piazzale by day, climb all the way (150 meters/490 feet) to the beautiful church of San Miniato al Monte: the view is even more impressive!
After your first taste of Florence, you'll be ready to dive into the artistic heart of Renaissance Florence by visiting the Uffizi Gallery, the most important Italian art museum. Once in Piazza della Signoria, admire the stone facade of the Palazzo Vecchio and the Loggia dei Lanzi on the right with its statues. Continue a few meters, and you'll come to a long and narrow square, surrounded by a regular colonnade. You are in the midst of the building that is home to the world's largest collection of works from the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance, the Uffizi.
The visit to the museum requires at least 2 ½ hours because of the importance of the exhibits. Admissions are timed to allow for a steady flow of visitors, implying a continuous line. It's essential to book your Uffizi tickets in advance, so you don't waste your precious day waiting in line! You can choose your preferred time for your visit, and enrich it with the audio guide, which accompanies you through the more than 60 rooms (plus temporary exhibitions). The value of a visit to the Uffizi is inestimable, as it holds masterpieces by Giotto, Botticelli (Allegory of Spring and the Birth of Venus among others), Michelangelo, Donatello, Raphael ... the list is endless! Want to make sure you don't miss any of the masterpieces? Take this guided tour!
In addition to the Uffizi, there is of course Michelangelo's David, another symbol of the city. The original statue stands in the Accademia Gallery, another museum that figures on your list of must-sees during your first visit to Florence. Visits to the Accademia are in high demand and the waiting lines continue. Book your admission to the Accademia, and you can skip that line as well! For the best deal, we suggest you choose our convenient Combo Ticket Uffizi & Accademia and visit the two museums in the same day, one in the morning, the other in the afternoon. The Accademia requires less time - one hour is sufficient, but you can venture more deeply into its secrets with a guided tour.
Looking for one of the top art experiences in Florence? Choose the tour of the Uffizi and the Vasari Corridor. When the Medici family ruled Florence, they gave the architect Vasari the task of designing a safe passage to move from the Palazzo Vecchio (seat of government) to the Palazzo Pitti (their residence). The architect designed a route that passes through the Uffizi, historic buildings, and the Ponte Vecchio to the Palazzo Pitti and the Boboli Gardens. On this exclusive tour of about 3 hours, you'll discover the Uffizi, as well as the collection of valuable works that grace the corridor, and you'll enjoy spectacular views of Florence from this secret perspective. We recommend you visit the Accademia in the morning, and then tour the Uffizi Gallery and the Vasari Corridor at 3.30pm. (temporary supended due to construction work for safety reasons).
The ideal completion of your day is a walk from the Uffizi to the Accademia! Leaving the Piazza della Signoria, visit the picturesque Mercato della Paglia. Within walking distance, this market is also known as the "market of the Pig," as it is decorated with a bronze wild boar. The legend says that if you put a coin in the mouth of the animal and it falls into the hole, you'll come back to Florence! Turn back to Via dei Calzaiuoli: after 30 meters you'll see Orsanmichele on your left: a former barn, this consecrated church regularly hosts classical music concerts. Walk around the block to see the magnificent Palazzo dell'Arte della Lana, one of the most ancient towers of Florence. Continue towards the Duomo. Time to cool off with an excellent gelato? Take the short street next to the bell tower, appropriately named Via del Campanile, follow it to the next corner, and you'll find GROM. GROM offers flavor-packed gelato like they used to make it "once upon a time," with only the freshest organic ingredients. Delicious! Turn around to take another look at the beautiful Cathedral, pass it, and take Via Ricasoli (there is a jewelry shop on the corner). After another short walk (less than 500 meters) you'll arrive at the Accademia, where the David is waiting for you!
After so much art, it's time for dinner. For an experience out of the ordinary, we suggest this Gourmet's Tour: Join us for a mouthwatering stroll through the Florence city center, where we'll take gourmet pit stops in traditional Florentine bars, shops, and eateries. And of course, we'll round your experience off with a taste of vin santo, cantuccini almond biscuits– and the inevitable, heavenly gelato! For a special evening, treat yourself to the Dinner and Concert in the Heart of Florence: you will be served a traditional menu in an old cellar from the 13th century, followed by a concert in the perfect acoustics of an Anglican church only steps away. You will witness a performance of the most beautiful arias from operas by Puccini, Verdi, Rossini, and other composers. Looking for top culinary experience? Chef Picchi of Il Cibreo (Via de 'Macci 122) is waiting for you. Otherwise we also recommend the Enoteca Pinchiorri in Via Ghibellina, one of the top prize-winning (and expensive...) restaurants with the best wine cellar in Italy.
Early morning is the perfect time to admire the center of Florence, before it is overrun with tourists: join the Florentines in the Italian morning rite of freshly baked pastry with a creamy cappuccino! If you have not yet visited the Uffizi or the Accademia, you still have one last day! Otherwise, enjoy learning more about the Medici family and the magnitude of the impact the works they commissioned had on culture and society.
The tour starts from the Church of San Lorenzo, subject to extensions over the centuries in which Brunelleschi and Michelangelo took part. The beautifully decorated church has works of great value including two pulpits by Donatello. Do not miss a visit to the Medici Chapels, burial place of the Medici family, built in the rear of the complex. The Medici Chapels are considered Michelangelo's final gift to Florence, with his masterfully sculpted allegories of Night, Day, Dawn, and Dusk decorating the tombs of the princes. We recommend you book your admission in advance as it is one of the busiest museums. The tour takes less than an hour and includes Michelangelo's New Sacristy and the Chapel of the Princes, richly decorated with works of the master and other artists. Consider using the audio guide, which will show you the magnificence of the complex.
After your visit of the Chapels, take advantage of being in the market, the ideal place for finding small memories and gifts. For a quick lunch, enjoy one of the freshly baked focaccie ripiene (a kind of stuffed bread) from the close to 100 year-old bakery Canapa (Via dell'Ariento 21/r), on the left behind the stalls. To sample popular Florence, enter the nearby Central Market hall, recognizable by its red iron structure. Inside you'll find an explosion of colors, flavors, and folklore. Here is your chance for a tasty and economical food experience, such as at Da Nerbone, in business since 1872. Da Nerbone offers delights for fearless gourmets, such as excellent tripe, or the panino sandwich with lampredotto - a traditional Florentine peasant dish made from the fourth and final stomach of the cow. (Try it – it's delicious!). All of these are best enjoyed with a glass of wine, seated at the marble tables by the counter, where you'll be entertained by the colorful bustle of the people of Florence.
For the afternoon we suggest you cross the Arno to the Oltrarno district to visit the complex of the Pitti Palace and its gardens. The Palace was the first stately home of the Medici, then of the Lorena family, and also the residence of the King of Italy during Florence's time as the capital of Italy. Here is a half hour itinerary through some picturesque streets of the center to Palazzo Pitti (if you want to move more quickly, try the fun Segway).
From the church of San Lorenzo, go to the Piazza del Duomo. Continue towards the back of the cathedral, into Via del Proconsolo. After about 300 meters you will reach the impressive building that houses the Museum of the Bargello, full of beautiful statues like the David by Donatello (worth a visit, but at the very least a peek through the door onto the internal staircase!). Continue turning right into Via della Condotta, to the corner with Via Calimera, then straight ahead for 400 meters to the Ponte Vecchio. Nowadays, gold glitters in the jewelry shop windows on the bridge, but once it was the home of the butchers! Follow the course of the Vasari Corridor along Via Guicciardini to Piazza Pitti and the Palace. Palazzo Pitti offers various itineraries. The main one is the Palatine Gallery with the Royal Apartments, which are still exactly as they were at the end of 19th century. The art gallery exhibits works by Caravaggio, Rubens, Titian, and Raphael's most famous paintings - book your admission tickets in advance! If you have not visited the Boboli Gardens when you took the tour of the Vasari Corridor, we urge you to do it now! Don't miss the most beautiful garden of Florence, on the hillside behind the palace, with statues, fountains, and stunning views. Your ticket also gives you access to the Costume Gallery, the Silver Museum, and the Carriage Museum. If you love green, continue on to the Bardini Garden, situated about 300 meters from the Boboli: the Baroque staircase that ends with a small belvedere will offer you another breathtaking panorama of the city!
Time for your final dinner in Florence! From Piazza Pitti, take Via dei Velluti, then turn right into Via Toscanella. Continue until you reach Piazza della Passera (a short walk of all together 200 m). Here, you'll find some osterie with wooden tables: they are the best! If you love pizza, try Gustapizza (two minutes from Piazza Pitti in the Via Sdrucciolo de 'Pitti) – serving one of the best pizzas in Florence!


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Home 2020 NBA Playoffs Lakers News: LeBron James, Anthony Davis Thriving Behind No-Jealousy Friendship
Lakers News: LeBron James, Anthony Davis Thriving Behind No-Jealousy Friendship
Kevin C. Cox-Getty Images
LeBron James Invokes 2011 NBA Finals To Warn Lakers Of Complacency
Maximo Gonzales
There had been plenty of speculation regarding how the dynamic would play out between the pairing of LeBron James and Anthony Davis heading into the 2019-20 NBA season.
Fortunately, it did not take long for the NBA's premier duo to offer up their answer as they led the Los Angeles Lakers to the best record in the Western Conference on the back of an MVP-caliber season from James and Defensive Player of the Year bid from Davis.
Despite the challenging circumstances of an unprecedented season, they managed to pick up right where they left off by making it to the NBA Finals. While the immediate turnaround was certainly part of the plan for the Lakers, such success can also sow seeds of discord between those who feel they are deserving of the credit.
History has shown countless duos succumb to pride and jealousy that resulted in them leaving plenty on the table before parting ways. Fortunately, James is confident that is hardly the case when it comes to he and Davis.
"We're not jealous of each other. I think that's the best thing. In professional sports, you have guys that join forces to become alpha males. That's what they call them. Two guys that have been dominant in a specific sport on their own respective teams, and they get together and they talk about how dominant they can be and they talk about this is going to be this and that," James explained.
"I believe jealousy creeps in a lot. And that is the absolute contrary of what we are. We know who we are, we know what we're about. We want the best, seriously, every single day, both on and off the floor, for one another. We're just not jealous of one another. I think that you align that with respect, I think the sky's the limit."
LeBron added that being able to hold each other accountable has been a major factor in the mutual respect and overall chemistry shared with Davis.
"I don't speak for other guys. I don't know, I just speak for myself. For A.D., I know who we are. We respect one another, we drive one another, we command excellence out of one another. And that's what it boils down to. Jealousy and envy has killed a lot of great things, not only in sports but in general," he said.
"If you're able to just throw that to the side and throw your egos to the side but continue to bring that confidence of what you're trying to do of keeping the main thing the main thing — not saying it's that easy, but for us it's that easy when it comes to our relationship.
"It doesn't result in wins every night, it doesn't result in me putting up numbers or him putting up numbers every night, but as far as our brotherhood and our chemistry, that's what it boils down to."
Davis agrees with James, but jealous of championships
Davis echoed James' notion that there has never been a sense of hostility between them. "The thought never crossed my mind when the trade happened. I'm not jealous of him, he's not jealous of me. I think it shows on the court," Davis noted.
"Obviously, that can always creep in when you've got, like you said, two alpha males on the same team. But I think when you've got two guys who are very selfless and want to win as bad as both of us want to, the rest of it goes away and just takes care of itself. Jealousy has never been a thing on our team from anyone.
"Everyone is extremely excited for the other guy. When guys get awards or accolades, our team is the first ones to congratulate them. We make sure that we bring it up in film or after the game or whenever we see it. No one is jealous of one another."
Davis acknowledged that while he is envious of the three championship rings James has, the latter has promised to reconcile that in the near future.
"Hopefully I don't have to be envious of that much longer," Davis said. "I want a ring, and he has three of them. That would be the one thing for sure that I would be jealous about."
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Idea of a University Discourse 4 Part 1: Why Revelation is part of the "web of knowledge"
To risk a grave understatement with which no one will disagree, education is important. However, Discourse 4 of Idea of a University helps us defend against seeing education as the only, all-sufficient solution to all of our problems. For instance, moral formation is not unrelated to education, but, for Newman, is never the final goal of a University. People arrive at a University with the purpose of pursuing knowledge and "intellectual excellence." This implies a certain level of moral formation, but the moral formation is not its goal, lest the University become a Church, or a Temple, or a Department of the State, or a Penitentiary.
In explaining why Newman made a sharp distinction between "intellectual excellence" and "moral transformation," the former the goal of a "liberal education" and the latter the goal of the Church, Newman scholar Frank M. Turner, in an essay "Newman's University and Ours," says that "Newman was no educational utopian." Newman knew from experience that schools must be free to be schools, and the Church must be free to be the Church, and only thus could the two properly relate. Therefore, Newman heavily affirms the good of a "secular" dimension to education, which forms an important natural component that is perfected by supernatural grace, with the purpose or end of intellectual excellence. To put a twist on one of Newman's phrases from University Sketches, a liberal education is critical to our well-being, but is not the primary source of divine truth or the essence of human redemption. For that, we need primarily Christ and his Church. For Newman, the University can at best make only very modest claims to be in the business of moral formation, lest it encroach upon the domain of the Church.
This appears as a strange and complex web. What is "secular" education? What is "religious" education? How do they relate? What is "intellectual excellence," and how does it relate to "moral formation?" Are these distinctions even correct to make in the first place? Discourse 4 will help us puzzle over these questions in two ways: 1) in affirming that Revelation is a part of the "web" of knowledge Newman has woven in Discourse 3; and 2) in explaining why Newman is keen to make a distinction—but, note well, not a separation—between secular and religious knowledge, between "intellectual excellence" and "moral formation."
First, Newman builds off of Discourse 3 (The Bearing of Theology on other Knowledge) by describing Revelation, God's gracious and definitive communication to Man about Nature, Man, and Himself, as a vital and inextricable part of the "web" of human knowledge: "revealed truth enters to a very great extent into the province of science, philosophy, and literature." To keep the two separate is in fact a "great damage" to science. Newman does grant that there are degrees of damage. "Pure mathematics," for example, may be less directly damaged than "politics, history, or ethics." However, since all of the "various branches of science are intimately connected with one another and form one whole," even the minor damages are detrimental to the whole. Therefore, he upholds, in a classic Victorian understatement, that "revealed knowledge is very far indeed from an inconsiderable department of knowledge."
Newman describes Revelation as "the written and unwritten word of God," referring to Scripture and Tradition which, in the language of Vatican II document Dei Verbum, together form a single mirror in which the "pilgrim Church on earth" looks at the reflection of God in heaven. And God, as the summum bonum simpliciter, the supreme good simply in Himself, through his Revelation "furnishes facts to the other sciences, which those sciences, left to themselves, would never reach;" and it "invalidates apparent facts which, left to themselves, they would imagine." Newman's language is strong here, since he has already described knowledge as the apprehension of "facts and their relations." In his view, there are some things within the domain of real knowledge—that is, facts—which can only be revealed by God, and these facts are vital to scientific disciplines.
Newman cites the example of the preservation of mankind in Noah's ark as a "historical fact;" and he cites the way in which Revelation contradicts the notion, in "physiology and moral philosophy," of "our race's progress and perfectibility," perhaps in reference to various social theories growing in his lifetime, claiming that humans could arrive at perfection through genetic, economic, and material means. In any case, Newman strongly upholds a notion upheld by the Catholic Magisterium, famously articulated in St. Pope John Paul II's 1998 Fides et Ratio: that Reason and Revelation together bear witness to what is real, and that lacking the fulness of the one or the other is not knowledge but ignorance.
Thus, we see Newman affirm the essential role of Revelation, of the Church, of Grace, in the intellectual life of man and, by extension, its necessity for the flourishing of the University. In a second and third post on Discourse 4, we will explore what Newman thinks happens to "secular knowledge" if it foregoes the divine knowledge of Revelation. This will also help us understand why, even in light of his comments on Revelation, Newman is also keen to keep the end, the purpose, the essence, of the University as "intellectual excellence," and not other albeit noble and in their own right essential human aims.


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Jun 1, 2018 May 28, 2018 Steph Burton
Movie Review | Solo: A Star Wars Story
So I recently went to see Solo: A Star Wars Story on Bank Holiday Monday with my dad and my expectations for the movie were very low, like really low.
When I first heard about a Han Solo origin movie it sounded really good but I was worried about IF it could pull off.
Now Harrison Ford is (and forever the best) a great actor and takes the roles he plays to heart. The character of Han Solo to me was cynical, doubtful and an all-round determined to not get killed. And in this film, you do see a very optimistic character, in love and always has a plan or a lie that doesn't go the way it's originally planned out, and continues to keep saying "The best pilot in the galaxy" which got very annoying. Alden Ehrenreich does a really good job at playing Han Solo, he does a really good job at bringing the Harrison Ford style of the character to the screen but it's like he is in a tiny box where he is unable to put a bit of flair in for himself. I really liked the beginning relationship between Han and Chewie, I liked how they met and also the friendship growing throughout the movie, it felt nice to see the bond that has been known for so long see the beginning stages and also the quips by Han and the judgements from Chewie.
While some parts of the movie had some really good moments, like Donald Glover's performance as Lando Calrissian. I heard many great things about Glover and I really enjoy listening to This is America. He is just fantastic.
I found the movie to be focusing a lot more on the action and less on the plot because thinking back on it, it was a mess. The first half of the movie was easily understandable but the plot took a twist in which I immediately predicted and it happened exactly right. The character played by Queen Kahlessi Emelia Clarke, I knew the moment she came onto screen that her part in this movie was not a love interest that you would hope Han be ending up with, obviously it is Chewbacca, but the relationship of Han and Qi'ra felt more one-sided. Han more determined for their happily ever after in a galaxy far far away.
The movie felt unfinished like it needed an extra hour or some of the scenes flushed out a lot more because I left the cinema literally thinking what? But How? When? Huh? it was a big head scratcher for me and for Dad. I have to admit that this movie did not follow the hype that it should have had.
If you've seen the movie what did you think of it? I have been wanting to include more content here on my blog which this is a little experiment for me. I watch movies and I like talking about it as much as books so I thought I would include here on my blog. What do you think? Should I continue to do it or not? Let me know.
Qi'ra
Published by Steph Burton
Hi, my name is Steph and I love reading	View all posts by Steph Burton
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We are delighted to have been awarded a place on the Procurement For All (PFA) Framework for Lots 2 and 4.
PFA is currently a consortium of 21 social landlords with operations throughout the UK, set up to utilise the collaborative purchasing power of the consortium members. Suppliers are required to follow the OJEU tender process in order to access the PFA frameworks.
Lot 2 of the PFA framework covers the refurbishment, upgrading, supply and installation of passenger lifts, heavy goods lifts and service lifts. Lot 4 covers the same for vertical through-floor, platform and short rise lifts.
Kelvin Goodacre, Commercial Director said the company are delighted to have been selected for their quality and economic competitiveness. "Our nationwide presence will provide all the clients using this framework with comprehensive coverage for all products", he added.
The PFA framework will provide many benefits to Terry Lifts. As they have been now accepted in the framework for up to four years, no further tender action is required of them during this period. The speed of the purchasing process improves for all parties and less iterations per purchase are required going forward.
As a part of the framework we will also get the opportunity to extend our sales through many other organisations that we may not otherwise reach.
"We look forward to providing the client bodies with an excellent service for the four-year duration of the framework and beyond", Kelvin said.


The Ridge Primary School was built in 1968 and provided education for children from 5 to 11. Prior to the opening the children from this area would have had to attend either Gig Mill or Meadow Park or the Junior School in the village. The building is at the top of Gregory Road and in the top left corner of the photo there is High Park Avenue and in the bottom right some of the buildings of what was then High Park Secondary School can be seen.
The first headteacher was Harold Hoyle who retired in 1975. He was succeeded by Mike Cruise who left in 1998. The next head was Grahame Robinson and when he left in 2003 Deb Hudson was appointed and is still in the post in 2012.


Medicare is a crucial program that provides health insurance coverage for seniors and people with disabilities, but the details and costs of Medicare can make your head spin. The Part B benefit (outpatient care) has a monthly premium of $134 per month for most people. Meanwhile, Part A (inpatient care) has a $1,316 deductible and Part B a $183 deductible. While those number might overwhelm you, learning about the Medicare Savings Programs might actually give you a sense of relief.
What are Medicare Savings Programs (MSP)?
*It's important to note that your state might have a different name for each program.
Don't confuse QDWI with other state buy-in programs like 250% Working Disabled.
Because MSPs are part of Medicaid, individuals will be automatically screened when applying for any Medicaid program. In some cases, individuals are automatically enrolled in a MSP when applying for Medicaid. If not, individuals can apply through the state Medicaid agency. Each state has its own application and in most cases for QMBs, individuals are enrolled one month after being determined eligible for a MSP. For SLMB and QI, benefits may kick in up to three months after being approved.
Under federal law, Qualified Medicare Beneficiaries (QMBs) cannot be billed for Medicare cost-sharing (co-payments, deductibles, etc.). These amounts should be paid for by Medicaid when enrolled in a QMB program. If you or someone you know has been improperly billed for cost-sharing, call 1-800-MEDICARE. You can also visit the Improper Billing Toolkit from Justice in Aging.
Medicare is a vital program to many individuals, but unfortunately one that many people have trouble affording. Becoming informed about the Medicare Savings Programs could be the bridge you need to affordable healthcare and getting the help you need.
Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services. "2018 Medicare Savings Program (MSP) Income Limits." Cms.gov. April 2018. Accessed 15 May 2018.
"Medicare patients," (Nov. 2, 2017), available atctmirror.org/2017/11/02/ct-budget-cuts-program-that-helps-low-income-and-disabled-medicare-patients. See also Public Act 17-2, Section 50.
Burke, Georgia. Chan, Denny. Justice in Aging. "Medicare Savings Programs," National Center on Law & Elder Rights. Webinar. 13 December 2017. https://vimeo.com/247331689?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=4fa2be0d-cbd3-45ec-9674-88b6c3cc72cbAccessed 15 May 2018.


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3 Titan Trail is a property located in Markham, Ontario. It is based in the district of Cedarwood in Markham. Middlefield, Rouge E11 and Cedar Grove are nearby neighborhoods. Titan Trail has 8 postings presently for sale, while the community of Cedarwood has 34 properties for sale. Of the 807 total properties on the market in Markham, Cedarwood makes up just 4.21%. To live in Cedarwood an estimated monthly mortgage of $3,531 is normal.* Homes go on the market for an average of $967,584. That is 1.2x the average list price of $793,829 in Markham. Properties listed in Cedarwood are an average of 501 sq ft, with 3 beds and 4 baths. The majority of homes for sale in the district around 3 Titan Trail are houses. The 3 bed, 3 bath townhouse for sale at 65 Durie Lane, Markham is comparable and listed at $799,000. Another similar home is the 3 bed, 3 bath house located at 46 Belinda Sq, Toronto and priced for sale at $1,028,800.
In love with the area? There are 25 Cedarwood homes on the market. Open to living outside of Cedarwood? The city also has 807 homes for sale in Markham. The list price of $899,900 is 0% lower than the average list price of $967,600 for Cedarwood real estate and 13.36% higher than the average list price of $793,829 for Markham real estate.
Property Details Home facts for 3 Titan Trail: utilities, exterior, parking etc.
Rooms Room details for 3 Titan Trail: size, flooring, features etc.


text:
Russian President Putin Praises and Bashes Cryptocurrencies
Russia's Vladimir Putin has commented on cryptocurrencies by acknowledging their growth as a legitimate method of payment and warning against "significant" risks. Speaking at a government meeting in city or Sochi today, Russian president Vladimir Putin warned of "serious risks" accompanying cryptocurrencies. The remarks are…
Russia's Vladimir Putin has commented on cryptocurrencies by acknowledging their growth as a legitimate method of payment and warning against "significant" risks.
Speaking at a government meeting in city or Sochi today, Russian president Vladimir Putin warned of "serious risks" accompanying cryptocurrencies. The remarks are notable for Putin becoming highest-profile global leader to comment on cryptocurrencies yet.
In remarks reported by RT, Russia's Putin underlined the marked growth of cryptocurrencies and their adoption into society.
He stated:
In a number of countries, cryptocurrencies are becoming or have already become a full-fledged means of payment, as well as a means of investment. Cryptocurrencies usage, at the same time, bears significant risks. I'm aware of the [Russian] Central Bank's position.
Earlier today, the first deputy governor of the Central Bank of Russia Sergei Shvetsov revealed that the Russian government would block access to cryptocurrency exchange websites offering currencies like bitcoin and Ethereum's ether. The central banker explained the blockade was necessary to protect everyday retail investors from the volatility of cryptocurrencies. "we think that for our citizens, for businesses, the usage of such cryptocurrencies as an investment object carries unreasonably high risks," Shvetsov said today.
In separate quotes reported by Reuters, Putin is quoted as stating:
The usage of crypto-currencies carries serious risks. I know the central bank's position on that, we have discussed it several times with the central bank's governor.
In comments reported by the Financial Times, Putin elaborated on the 'serious' risks that he sees inherent in cryptocurrencies.
[F]irst of all, opportunities to launder criminally obtained money, evade taxes and even finance terrorism, as well as, of course, perpetuating fraudulent schemes that obviously may affect ordinary citizens."
Putin went on to explain that cryptocurrencies "are issued by an unlimited number of anonymous sources". In any event of "system malfunctions" or volatility, no-one would be held liable, Russian president Putin added in his critique. "Buyers of cryptocurrencies might be ensnared into illegal activity that way. And there is no support for cyptocurrencies.
No Ban. Regulation
Putin's comments, significant as they are, bore no mention of any crippling ban on cryptocurrencies or initial coin offerings (ICOs), a radical new form of fundraising powered by cryptocurrencies. Unlike the paths taken by China and South Korea, Putin called on Russia's central bank to create a regulatory framework for the adoption and usage of cryptocurrencies with "legal guarantees for working with innovative financial instruments."
As things stand, Russia's central bank could regulate the cryptocurrency industry in 2018. The Central Bank of Russia's dpuety chairwoman Olga Skorobogatova revealed the authority is working on a framework that will see the taxation cryptocurrencies like bitcoin with the classification of a 'digital commodity'.
Last modified: October 10, 2017 8:30 PM UTC
More of: Bitcoin RegulationRegulationrussiaVladimir Putin
Cyber Cold War: U.S. Military Targeting Russian Data as 2020 Presidential Election Beckons
Hong Kong Regulators Issue Framework to License Crypto Exchanges
What You Need to Know About the Queen's Crypto Tax Update


text:
Q: numpy array slicing to avoid for loop I am using numpy to do some calculations. In the following code:
    assert(len(A.shape) == 2)  # A is a 2D nparray
    d1, d2 = A.shape
    # want to initial G,which has the same dimension as A. And assign the last column of A to the last column of G
    # initial with value 0
    G = zero_likes(A)
    # assign the last column to that of G
    G[:, d2-1] = A[:, d2-1]

    # the columns[0,dw-1] of G is the average of columns [0, dw-1] of A, based on the condition of B
    for iW in range(d2-1):
        n = 0
        sum = 0.0
        for i in range(d1):
            if B[i, 0] != iW and B[i, 1] == 0:
                sum += A[i, iW]
                n += 1
        for i in range(d1):
            if B[i, 0] != iW and B[i, 1] == 0:
                G[i, iW] = sum / (1.0 * n)
    return G

Is there an easier way using "slicing" or "boolean array"?
Thanks!

A: In case you want G to have the same dimensionality as A and then change the appropriate elements of G, the following code should work:
# create G as a copy of A, otherwise you might change A by changing G
G = A.copy()

# getting the mask for all columns except the last one
m = (B[:,0][:,None] != np.arange(d2-1)[None,:]) & (B[:,1]==0)[:,None]

# getting a matrix with those elements of A which fulfills the conditions
C = np.where(m,A[:,:d2-1],0).astype(np.float)

# get the 'modified' average you use
avg = np.sum(C,axis=0)/np.sum(m.astype(np.int),axis=0)

# change the appropriate elements in all the columns except the last one
G[:,:-1] = np.where(m,avg,A[:,:d2-1])

After fiddling a long time and finding bugs ... I ended up with this code. I checked it against several random matrices A and specific choices of B
A = numpy.random.randint(100,size=(5,10))
B = np.column_stack(([4,2,1,3,4],np.zeros(5)))

and so far your and my result were in agreement.

A: Here's a start, focusing on the first inner loop:
In [35]: A=np.arange(12).reshape(3,4)

In [36]: B=np.array([[0,0],[1,0],[2,0]])

In [37]: sum=0

In [38]: for i in range(3):
    if B[i,0]!=iW and B[i,1]==0:
        sum += A[i,iW]
        print(i,A[i,iW])
   ....:
1 4
2 8

In [39]: A[(B[:,0]!=iW)&(B[:,1]==0),iW].sum()
Out[39]: 12

I had to provide my own sample data to test this.
The 2nd loop has the same condition (B[:,0]!=iW)&(B[:,1]==0), and should work in the same way.
As one of the comments said, the dimensions of G look funny.  To make things work with my sample, lets make zeros array. It looks like you are assigning to selected elements of G, the mean of a subset of A (sum/n)
In [52]: G=np.zeros_like(A)
In [53]: G[I,iW]=A[I,iW].mean()

Assuming n, the number of terms summed for each iW varies, it may be difficult to compress the outer loop into a vectorized step.  If n was the same, you could pull out subset of A that matches the condition, e.g, A1, take the mean on one axis, an assign the values to G.  With different numbers of terms in the sums, you still have to loop.
It just occurred to me that masked arrays might work.  Mask off the terms of A that don't meet the condition, and then take the mean.
In [91]: I=(B[:,[0]]!=np.arange(4))&(B[:,[1]]==0)

In [92]: I
Out[92]:
array([[False,  True,  True,  True],
       [ True, False,  True,  True],
       [ True,  True, False,  True]], dtype=bool)

In [93]: A1=np.ma.masked_array(A, ~I)

In [94]: A1
Out[94]:
masked_array(data =
 [[-- 1 2 3]
 [4 -- 6 7]
 [8 9 -- 11]],
             mask =
 [[ True False False False]
 [False  True False False]
 [False False  True False]],
       fill_value = 999999)

In [95]: A1.mean(0)
Out[95]:
masked_array(data = [6.0 5.0 4.0 7.0],
             mask = [False False False False],
       fill_value = 1e+20)

Or with plonser's where:
In [111]: np.where(I,A,0).sum(0)/I.sum(0)
Out[111]: array([ 6.,  5.,  4.,  7.])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Used one time-Turkey oil free electric roaster. I just don't cook for a lot of people anymore so would like to get rid of. Electric and you can cook all kinds of meat in it. Excellent condition and still under warranty.


The first flavors I pick up on the tongue are a light smoke and a touch of sweet. The worcestershire comes in right away, along with the garlic. There's a light citrus component, but more tangy than fruity. The chewing brings on more of the worcestershire along with some soy sauce. The black pepper is lightly noticeable towards the end.
For being the brand's original variety, it packs a lot of flavor. As far as "Traditional" is concerned, it seems to go above and beyond. This tends to go stronger on garlic and citrus, meanwhile creating a lively character through the worcestershire. It's still quite savory however, just like most other "traditional" jerky varieties. But this seems to offer more bite through the garlic, lemon, and worcestershire.
Otherwise, the primary taste profile is that of a soy sauce and worcestershire blend, perhaps a little more defined on the worcestershire, then livened up with dashes of lemon, garlic, and smoke.
The meat consistency looks good. Mostly meat, but there are some noticeable streaks and spots of fat. This meat is also noticeably stringy, but tolerable. It's somewhat moist to the touch. Chewing starts out chewy, requiring some effort, but eventually softens up nicely. It then takes on a steak-like texture.
This Traditional beef jery variety from Homegrown Meats manages to deliver a flavor that goes beyond "traditional" through a more lively chewing thanks to a boost from garlic, lemon, and worcestershire. Fans of classic, American jerky, however, will still find the savory and seasoned taste that they love. As far as the all-natural, grass-fed marketing claims, this jerky actually does have a clean, natural feel in the chewing. I don't get any of that mushy, pasty, or rubbery chewing. The steak-like chewing texture is also convincing. Aside from that, this jerky still lacks that "wow factor" I look for in a best-rated jerky. Otherwise, it's still a worthwhile jerky to try.


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text:
Albuterol combined with Vasotec
Wheezing Other Serious 73 Male 170 lb 1/9/2006 Physician United States
Myocardial Infarction Other Serious 1/1/1999 55 Female 203 lb 1/17/2006 Lawyer United States
Weight Increased Other Serious 11/1/1999 59 Female 198 lb 1/17/2006 Physician United States
Therapy Non-responder Other Serious 1/2/2006 Female 170 lb 1/11/2006 United States
Urethral Stenosis Other Serious 1/1/1999 55 Female 203 lb 1/20/2006 Physician United States
Ventricular Hypokinesia Other Serious 1/1/2001 54 Male 214 lb 1/23/2006 Physician United States
Pain In Extremity Hospitalization 10/1/2005 49 Female 216 lb 2/7/2006 Physician United States
Venous Stasis Other Serious 2/6/2001 57 Female 282 lb 4/5/2006 Physician United States
Wound Infection Other Serious 10/26/2003 52 Female 4/12/2006 United States
Non-cardiac Chest Pain Other Serious 2/19/1999 54 Male 201 lb 4/14/2006 Physician United States
Plantar Fasciitis Other Serious 3/1/2004 49 Female 4/24/2006 Physician United States
Wound Infection Other Serious 1/1/2003 52 Female 5/8/2006 United States
Vasospasm Required Intervention 4/17/2006 45 Female 168 lb 6/6/2006 Physician United States
Wound Infection Other Serious 4/23/1999 52 Female 6/21/2006 United States
Tricuspid Valve Incompetence Required Intervention 4/17/2006 45 Female 168 lb 7/27/2006 Physician United States
White Blood Cell Count Increased Hospitalization 9/15/2006 Female 197 lb 9/21/2006 Other Health Professional United States
Wound Infection Other Serious 4/23/1999 52 Female 11/24/2006 United States
Dyspnoea Hospitalization 74 Male 12/28/2006 Consumer United States
Swelling Other Serious 1/1/2005 Male 215 lb 1/19/2007 Consumer United States
Blood Creatine Increased Hospitalization 1/16/2007 74 Male 1/19/2007 Other Health Professional United States
Wound Infection Other Serious 4/23/1999 52 Female 220 lb 1/26/2007 United States
Tricuspid Valve Incompetence Required Intervention 4/17/2006 45 Female 168 lb 2/6/2007 Physician United States
Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage Other Serious 1/1/2001 Male 215 lb 3/6/2007 Physician United States
Wound Infection Other Serious 4/23/1999 52 Female 220 lb 3/8/2007 United States
Dyspnoea Other Serious 1/1/2007 Female 156 lb 3/19/2007 Consumer United States
Suicidal Ideation Required Intervention 54 Male 253 lb 8/17/2006 United States
Weight Decreased Other Serious 11/27/2005 61 Male 187 lb 11/28/2006 Physician United States
Nausea 1/1/2005 72 Female 203 lb 1/23/2007 Consumer United States
Weight Increased Other Serious 1/1/2003 59 Female 5/25/2007 United States
Vomiting Other Serious 1/1/2007 Female 170 lb 6/26/2007 Other Health Professional United States
Prostatic Specific Antigen Increased Hospitalization 7/16/2007 72 Male 8/31/2007 Consumer United States
Fluid Retention Other Serious 5/1/2007 73 Female 175 lb 9/4/2007 Other Health Professional United States
Prostatic Specific Antigen Increased Hospitalization 7/7/2007 72 Male 9/7/2007 Consumer United States
Prostatic Specific Antigen Increased Hospitalization 7/7/2007 72 Male 9/27/2007 Consumer United States
Prostatic Specific Antigen Increased Hospitalization 7/7/2007 Male 172 lb 10/15/2007 Consumer United States
Skin Ulcer Other Serious 1/1/2007 Male 11/2/2007 Consumer Canada
Inappropriate Schedule Of Drug Administration Other Serious 1/1/2003 Male 280 lb 11/6/2007 Consumer United States
Intraocular Pressure Increased 1/1/2004 Male 12/3/2007 Consumer United States
Wound Infection Other Serious 4/23/1999 52 Female 220 lb 12/18/2007 United States
Screaming Other Serious 1/3/2008 Female 128 lb 1/16/2008 Consumer United States
Vomiting Other Serious 1/1/2007 Female 170 lb 2/4/2008 Other Health Professional United States
No Adverse Event Female 128 lb 2/25/2008 Physician United States
Neutropenia Hospitalization Female 2/29/2008 Physician United States
Suicidal Ideation Other Serious 1/1/2006 Female 155 lb 3/11/2008 Physician United States
Dizziness 12/1/2007 Male 3/31/2008 Consumer United States
Screaming Other Serious 1/1/2008 Male 128 lb 4/16/2008 Consumer United States
Weight Decreased Other Serious 6/1/2008 82 Male 180 lb 9/17/2008 Consumer United States
Pulmonary Hypertension Other Serious 4/1/2007 57 Female 10/3/2008 United States
Myocardial Infarction Hospitalization 7/12/2005 62 Female 180 lb 10/20/2008 Consumer United States
Malaise Death 5/17/2007 38 Female 275 lb 10/15/2008 Consumer United States
Myocardial Infarction Hospitalization 7/12/2005 62 Female 180 lb 12/18/2008 Other Health Professional United States
Application Site Rash 12/18/2008 Male 180 lb 12/18/2008 Physician United States
Oral Discomfort 9/1/2008 Female 2/6/2009 Consumer
Urticaria 10/3/2008 63 Female 2/16/2009 United States
Sepsis Other Serious 3/24/2009 65 Male 4/9/2009 Other Health Professional United States
Weight Decreased Other Serious 1/19/1999 57 Female 118 lb 4/17/2009 United States
Sepsis Other Serious 3/24/2009 65 Male 150 lb 5/5/2009 Other Health Professional United States
Pulmonary Oedema Other Serious 1/1/2000 44 Male 294 lb 5/18/2009 United States
Spinal Fracture Other Serious 7/1/2008 Female 6/4/2009 Physician Canada
Epistaxis Other Serious 79 Female 139 lb 6/19/2009 Consumer United States
Tremor Hospitalization 5/1/2009 Female 6/18/2009 Consumer United States
Urinary Retention 1/1/2008 Female 7/17/2009 Consumer
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Other Serious 1/1/2003 42 Female 285 lb 7/21/2009 United States
Pneumonia Other Serious 11/1/2004 Female 7/17/2009 Consumer United States
Malignant Pleural Effusion Hospitalization 7/29/2009 70 Male 159 lb 7/30/2009 Other Health Professional United States
Subcutaneous Nodule Other Serious 8/4/2006 23 Female 154 lb 8/4/2009 Physician United States
Dysuria 4/1/2009 Female 8/25/2009 Consumer
Wheezing Hospitalization 65 Female 8/20/2009 United States
Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage Hospitalization 50 Male 9/10/2009 United States
Pain 9/8/2004 50 Female 285 lb 9/23/2009 United States
Grand Mal Convulsion Hospitalization 7/19/2009 Female 197 lb 9/28/2009 Other Health Professional United States
Purulence Other Serious 8/19/2009 Male 9/30/2009 Physician United States
Large Intestine Perforation Other Serious 8/19/2009 Male 10/15/2009 Physician United States
Scratch Hospitalization 6/9/2009 Female 197 lb 10/16/2009 Other Health Professional United States
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis Other Serious 6/7/2007 Female 116 lb 10/22/2009 Other Health Professional United States
Wheezing Hospitalization 65 Female 10/16/2009 Lawyer United States
Vomiting Hospitalization 65 Female 10/22/2009 Consumer United States
Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage Hospitalization 50 Male 11/18/2009 United States
Skin Ulcer Other Serious 1/1/2007 Male 11/30/2009 Consumer Canada
Pneumonia Other Serious 11/1/2004 Female 12/1/2009 Consumer United States
Spinal Fracture Other Serious 7/1/2008 Female 12/1/2009 Physician Canada
Peritonitis Bacterial Other Serious 1/21/2009 59 Male 11/3/2009 Other Health Professional United States
Subcutaneous Nodule Other Serious 8/4/2006 23 Female 154 lb 12/18/2009 Physician United States
Vessel Perforation Hospitalization Female 2/8/2010 Consumer
Prostate Cancer Other Serious 2/4/2010 72 Male 211 lb 2/24/2010 United States
Death Death Female 3/24/2010 Consumer United States
Wound Infection Hospitalization 29 Female 276 lb 3/23/2010 United States
Myocardial Infarction Hospitalization 53 Male 301 lb 3/31/2010 Other Health Professional United States
Subcutaneous Nodule Other Serious 8/4/2006 23 Female 154 lb 4/22/2010 Physician United States
Weight Increased Required Intervention 81 Female 4/16/2010 United States
Vomiting Hospitalization 3/14/2008 60 Female 4/19/2010 United States
Vomiting Hospitalization 76 Female 103 lb 4/28/2010 Consumer United States
Weight Decreased Hospitalization 75 Female 103 lb 5/19/2010 Lawyer United States
Wheezing Hospitalization 3/14/2008 60 Female 6/2/2010 United States
Weight Decreased Hospitalization 75 Female 103 lb 6/11/2010 United States
Wheezing Other Serious 29 Female 125 lb 6/14/2010 United States
Neck Pain 12/14/2006 69 Female 6/28/2010 Physician United States
Palpitations Other Serious 1/1/2006 67 Female 184 lb 7/8/2010 Other Health Professional United States
Haemothorax Death 6/13/2007 80 Male 7/14/2010 Lawyer United States
Suicidal Ideation Other Serious 10/31/2007 52 Female 203 lb 7/17/2010 Other Health Professional United States
Ventricular Extrasystoles Hospitalization 3/14/2008 60 Female 7/12/2010 United States
Oropharyngeal Pain 2/3/2009 61 Female 169 lb 8/6/2010 Consumer United States
Tachycardia Other Serious 2/1/2008 74 Female 126 lb 8/26/2010 Other Health Professional United States
Vomiting Hospitalization 82 Female 8/20/2010 United States
Ventricular Fibrillation Life Threatening 6/13/2007 80 Male 236 lb 9/8/2010 Lawyer United States
Grand Mal Convulsion Hospitalization 7/19/2009 57 Female 197 lb 9/16/2010 Other Health Professional United States
Unresponsive To Stimuli Other Serious 3/1/2008 78 Female 9/22/2010 Other Health Professional United States
Wound Infection Staphylococcal Hospitalization 61 Female 9/23/2010 United States
Subcutaneous Nodule Other Serious 8/4/2006 23 Female 154 lb 10/8/2010 Physician United States
Death Death 75 Female 205 lb 10/14/2010 Consumer United States
Unresponsive To Stimuli Other Serious 3/1/2008 78 Female 10/15/2010 Other Health Professional United States
Death Death 75 Female 205 lb 11/9/2010 Physician United States
Wound Infection Other Serious 29 Female 276 lb 11/17/2010 United States
Melaena Hospitalization 6/17/2010 86 Female 254 lb 7/6/2010 Pharmacist United States
Nausea Hospitalization 12/1/2005 75 Female 103 lb 12/9/2010 Physician United States
Vomiting Other Serious 29 Female 276 lb 12/15/2010 United States
Sepsis Other Serious 12/1/2007 74 Female 331 lb 12/29/2010 Other Health Professional United States
Oedema Peripheral Other Serious 11/24/2010 78 Male 301 lb 12/29/2010 Consumer United States
Leg Amputation Other Serious 29 Female 276 lb 1/5/2011 United States
Skin Mass Other Serious 1/1/2010 78 Female 140 lb 1/25/2011 Consumer Puerto Rico
Palpitations Other Serious 1/1/2010 78 Female 140 lb 2/17/2011 Consumer Puerto Rico
Nausea Other Serious 10/1/2007 41 Female 157 lb 3/24/2011 Other Health Professional United States
Deformity Death 10/7/2007 55 Female 168 lb 3/29/2011 Consumer United States
Muscular Weakness Death 10/7/2007 55 Female 168 lb 3/29/2011 Consumer United States
Spinal Column Stenosis Other Serious 3/16/2007 6 Female 43 lb 3/24/2011 Other Health Professional United States
Dry Skin Death 10/7/2007 55 Female 168 lb 5/9/2011 Lawyer United States
Respiratory Disorder Other Serious 92 Female 4/28/2011 Consumer United States
Wheezing Hospitalization 9/5/2011 70 Female 9/19/2011 Consumer United States
Hilar Lymphadenopathy Other Serious Male 9/21/2011 Physician United States
Skin Lesion Other Serious 1/1/2006 25 Female 140 lb 9/27/2011 Other Health Professional United States
Hypokalaemia Other Serious Female 150 lb 10/17/2011 Lawyer United States
Leukopenia Hospitalization Male 10/25/2011 Physician United States
Aortic Valve Incompetence Other Serious Male 10/28/2011 Lawyer United States
Lung Infection Disability 9/1/2011 Female 11/1/2011 Consumer United States
Hiatus Hernia Hospitalization 1/1/1998 55 Male 218 lb 11/2/2011 Physician United States


text:
A Smithsonian magazine special report
The Search for Life Across the Universe
Smithsonian astrophysicist Jeremy Drake explains how the question changed from "if" life will be found elsewhere to "when" and "where"
Amy Crawford
The planet Kepler-22b, shown in this artwork, is the right size and distance from its star to support liquid water, and perhaps life. NASA/Ames/JPL-Caltech
When Jeremy Drake was beginning his career in the late 1980s, the question of whether or not we are alone in the universe still seemed beyond the realm of science.
"It was like how we can't prove or deny the existence of God," Drake says. "There was no data."
A lot has changed since Drake, now 49 and a senior astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, began studying stars as a doctoral student at Oxford.
In the mid-1990s, more advanced telescopes and spectrometers revealed the first planets orbiting distant stars—a discovery that, for the first time, opened up the tantalizing possibility of life elsewhere in the galaxy. Over the years, the number of known planets has exploded to more than 1,700. Just last month, NASA announced that its Kepler space telescope, launched in 2009, had enabled the identification of 715 new planets orbiting 305 stars, including four that are the right size and distance from their stars to support liquid water, and thus life as we know it.
While it's unlikely we'll be able to examine these planets closely any time soon, scientists are beginning to do the fundamental research that could one day help determine which newly-discovered planets have the greatest chance of hosting extraterrestrial life. And much of that work is now happening at the Smithsonian.
In 2012, Drake, whose lab sits on a hill in a quiet corner of Harvard's campus, organized a conference called "Life in the Cosmos" in Washington, D.C., bringing together Smithsonian scientists from such disparate institutions as the Natural History Museum, the Air and Space Museum and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama. While at first glance an astrophysicist might seem to have little in common with paleontologists or rainforest ecologists, Drake hopes the cross-disciplinary collaborations that arise from this project will help us better understand the origin of life on Earth—and how it might develop elsewhere in the galaxy.
"This is the broadest scientific problem," he says. "And in my mind, it's perhaps the most important question."
What are the chances that there's life out there?
The situation changes so fast. Before 1995, we had no idea—we only had one known solar system. [In 1961] the Drake Equation—different Drake, of course—said, basically, that determining the probability of the number of planets in the galaxy is pure guesswork. Around 1980, we first began to see these things called "dusty disks" around solar-like stars, and bigger and better missions saw these in greater numbers. That brings us to the era of planet detection, starting in the mid 90s. Of course, these first planets were very close to their parent star, gas giants with no chance of harboring life at all. And that's because those were the easiest ones to detect. But we now realize that there's a very high probability of more Earth-like planets around stars. There may be other ways to develop life that doesn't necessarily need planets, but certainly the easiest way is to have some sort of stable environment, like a planetary system that has energy input from a nearby star. So, planets are a good bet.
How did you come to organize "Life in the Cosmos"?
It was probably 2010, and I was studying the outer atmospheres of stars, which is referred to in the Sun as the solar corona. There was already substantial data on planet existence, and I started thinking about what the radiation environments of planets would be. I thought that could be linked to what other people were doing, people like Bob Craddock at the Air and Space Museum, who has been studying a very important problem in planetary physics: How did Mars lose its atmosphere? If you want to have life on a planet, that's not something you want to happen.
It's been a couple of years since you held the conference in Washington. Have any interesting studies or collaborations come out of it?
Yeah, there are some studies, some potential collaborations that are still in infancy. The main problem in science is always money. We're applying to fund a five-year study on how the building blocks necessary for planet habitability are assembled. We have another proposal to look at the atmospheric evolution of planets. We had a seed project, with the people down in Panama [at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute], looking at how phosphorus availability is going to affect ecosystems. Phosphorus is needed for life, but it's actually very short lived in an active planet because it gets leeched out of the soil by normal weather. It's replenished in the Earth by geological activity—so how important is geological activity to the development of life? We don't really know that. Something like plate tectonics on the Earth, is that a requirement for life elsewhere?
Is the idea that, eventually, once we have better technology to look at these newly discovered planets, this research could help us pick which ones warrant further study, or which may have the greatest probability of supporting life?
That's quite right. Probably plate tectonics is too difficult to predict in terms of modeling a planet at this point, but maybe you could understand grossly what planets should have that characteristic. Or you could say, "Okay, if we have limited resources, let's go with the planets we think have the right atmosphere." You'd try to find the ones that are interesting. That number may be vague, but it's certainly not going to be the majority.
How does your own research contribute to answering these questions?
I'm working on protoplanetary disks, and also where stars are formed. Planets probably form relatively quickly at the same time that the star is finishing its formation. It's a very, very complicated but very interesting astrophysics problem. What we do is use this high x-ray contrast in young stars to basically find the young, forming solar systems, and then look for protoplanetary disks. These studies give us an idea of how many planets there may be in the galaxy.
If we do find it, what might life on other planets look like?
I suspect that what's going to happen is we're going to find a planet with a detectable oxygen signature, and probably that will betray bioactivity, probably primal ooze or bacteria. My suspicion is if we detect anything—and provided the planet's not too dissimilar to Earth—it's going to look like something we're vaguely familiar with. Just numerically, life didn't really get going here in a much more sophisticated way until hundreds of millions of years ago rather than billions, and the most common thing here is bacteria. But then again, I'm not a biologist, so maybe something that looks the same to me would look totally different to a biologist.
What about life based on a totally different chemistry—silicon, for example?
I don't think so. That's something that was briefly raised a while back, but my suspicion is that life arose on Earth the way it did because of fundamentals in biochemistry, and that those fundamental processes are universal, rather than peculiar to us. We know we've had this strain of life on Earth for billions of years, and chemistry has had a chance to do other things if they really worked.
There has been a lot of talk about extremophiles—life here on Earth that exists in geothermic vents and other harsh environments—as a possible model for life on other planets. Do you think that's a possibility?
Extremophiles are often used as an argument for saying how different life could be than what we currently are most familiar with. I, personally, have the opposite argument. I think that what happens is once you give a foothold to life, then it has the ability to adapt to more bizarre environments. I don't think that necessarily tells you that life can originate in bizarre environments. My suspicion is you need to have fairly Goldilocks-like conditions for life to get going, but once it does you have the possibility of creating things that are much more exotic.
Of course this whole quest is still in the very early stages, but if we do discover life elsewhere in the galaxy, what are the chances we'll be able to visit it?
In order for us to visit another civilization, or for them to visit us, there has to be a part of physics that's not yet understood. You can't do it, traveling at the speed of light. In order for civilizations to travel galactic-type distances, there has to be an unknown physics that allows that to happen. If that does happen, it has huge implications for our lack of understanding of basic physics. There's one of the arguments against the UFO phenomenon, at the moment: Physically, it's just not possible.
Even if we can't reach newly discovered extraterrestrial life, what would be the impact of the discovery here on Earth?
I think it would have an enormous impact—psychologically, theologically, socially. But I think that would be the biggest single scientific discovery in history, one of the most important things that humans have done. Right now we have a country-wide approach to life—an "us against them," nationality type of thing. I think if life were detected on other planets, and certainly if communication or signs of civilizations were found, I would hope the perspective would entirely change. We'd become more outward-looking. Would humans feel less self-important? Maybe they would. That's probably a good thing.
Amy Crawford | | READ MORE
Amy Crawford is a Michigan-based freelance journalist writing about cities, science, the environment, art and education. A longtime Smithsonian contributor, her work also appears in CityLab and the Boston Globe.
Aliens Astrophysics Biology Chemistry Outer Space


Packing safely to save time when unpacking in Croydon may sound like an unassociated set of ideas, but the connection between packing and safety as well as time saving can be all important. If you are unaware of how to pack things perfectly then you should get to know the ins and out of the process, as it can the factor that makes your Croydon move and easy one rather than a damage prone waste of time. When packing the key is in being sparing but sensible, and this will ultimately mean that you can unpack everything with the utmost ease and less breakages.
Firstly, packing materials. You will need strong new boxes. Old boxes will likely have been damaged, and you do not want to risk their structure being anything less than perfectly strong. This is for a number of reasons, which stem from the box's stack ability. If a box has rigid edges then it will form a flat surface, upon which other boxes can be stacked. In this format, the boxes will bunch together safely in the van, and not be rocked around too much b the movements of the transportation process. A still box is a safe box, and while it stays wedged, the contents will remain safe. If a box has bent corners of cuts in it, it will flex under weight and could send the pile crashing down when the van is moving. In this instance, boxes will fall from a height on to other boxes, at which point the structure of these boxes will either stand up to the knocks, or will crumple. Newer boxes should stand up to such accidents if taped properly.
Packing tape is valuable stuff, always get more than you think you need, as it runs out at the most inopportune times.
Newspaper is better for the environment and your wallet than bubble wrap. You will probably want to use bubble wrap for more delicate items, but if you overdo it, things will become expensive and your wrapping will take up valuable space in the boxes. For this reason, a sheet of paper between certain items, like plates or mugs, will suffice, preventing marking and being thin enough to save space. Scrunched up newspaper will take up space between the items are prevent too much movement going on, which will act just as well as bubble wrap would. There is very little that two layers of bubble wrap will protect against that a single layer would not, and that is worth remembering.
When taping newspaper and bubble wrap up, do it with small and strategic placements of tape, rather than binding things up. This will make unpacking much quicker, and also save expensive materials like tape.
When packing up your boxes, make sure that they are taped along every connecting line, to make the boxes as strong as possible. This will prevent the bottoms opening up when being carried, as well as making the shape of the boxes stronger, and less likely to warp, causing accidents. Labeling the boxes will give you a good chance to make the unpacking process that little bit quicker as well. A loose inventory on each box will mean that that you are not continually looking for things in other boxes, and will mean that each box will be dropped in the right room for its contents, saving you moving things around once the Croydon removals team have left. Simply labeling the box with the name of its room can be enough to save you a great deal of time in the long run!


text:
The following institutions participate at the DRD.
Institute of Development Research and Development Policy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
The Institute of Development Research and Development Policy (IEE) was established in 1966, only four years after the founding of the RUB. It is an interdisciplinary-orientated, central academic institution at Ruhr-University Bochum with regional focuses on Sub-Sahara Africa and Central Asia. The research and teaching activities of the Institute take a social scientific approach and make a substantial contribution to the contextual orientation of the division.
Since winter 2000, the Institute of Development Research and Development Policy offers an international English-language programme Master of Arts in Development Management. The program is also offerd at UWC since May 2002, first as part of the DAAD initiative "German Programs of Study Abroad" and now as part of the Development Research Division of the DAAD-funded "South African - German Centre for Development Research and Criminal Justice".
The IEE runs the international English-language programme PhD in International Development Studies. The PhD IDS started in 2007 and is implemented on behalf of the Faculties of Geography, Law, Social Science, and Economics.
In addition, the IEE has been active in supporting the reconstruction of the faculties of Economics and Business Administration at universities in Afghanistan.
School of Government, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
The School of Government (SoG) was established by the University of the Western Cape (UWC) in 1993 as part of a broad initiative to meet the education and training challenges of a post-apartheid society and as a means of supporting the process of social, political and economic transformation in South Africa and the Southern African region as a whole.
The SOG provides professional and academic training for personnel in the public sector at national, provincial and local levels, as well as for NGOs, trade unions and other related organizations.
It offers a range of inter-disciplinary courses at the certificate, undergraduate and postgraduate levels, to full-time students, in areas such as governance and public management, public policy, development studies, citizenship and democracy, and land and agrarian studies. These include:
Higher Certificate in Economic Development (Delivered by Fair Share)
B.Admin and B.Admin (Honours) Degrees in Public Administration
Masters in Public Administration (MPA)
Master of Administration (M.Admin) by full-thesis
Postgraduate Diploma and M.Phil in Land and Agrarian Studies (Delivered by the Programme for Land and Agriarian Studies ' PLAAS)
Honours and Masters in Development Studies (Delivered by the Institute for Social Development).
Doctoral degrees in these various disciplines.
In all these programmes the School places a major emphasis on educational redress, the recognition of prior experiential learning, and the promotion of life-long learning.
It also engages in research, consultancy and policy advice contributing to a number of White Papers and other key policy documents at national, provincial and local government levels.
Institute for Social Development, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
The Institute for Social Development (ISD) is a well-established research institute accommodated in the School of Government at the UWC that provides a long-standing and successful postgraduate programme in Development Studies. The emphasis of the research undertaken and courses offered is on the social and economic challenges which developing countries have to meet in order to transform successfully. Since the 1980s close to 1000 students have completed post-graduate degrees with the ISD, many of whom are now in leading positions in the field of development in South Africa.
Annually about 50 students from 15-20 different countries register for the Honours and Masters programmes in Development Studies. These courses are designed for those planning a career in the field of economic and social development as policy-makers, activists, administrators, developers, researchers or teachers at universities.
ISD and SOG together have a long standing collaboration in the Masters degree programme with the Institute of Development Research and Development Policy at the Ruhr University Bochum, and this is to be expanded through the establishment of the South African German Centre for Development Research.
Our former student Gerald Ahabwe, MADM Alumnus of 2009, was installed as President of the Phd Fellows at Makerere University (Pf@Mak) last week. Please find more information here.
There will be no Call for Scholarship applications in the year 2022 for the intake in 2023!
Home About CDR Institutions
Contact Details South Africa
Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
Tel: 002721/959 3858
Contact Details Germany
Tel: +49-(0)234 / 32-22418, -22243


Journalism Pros or Peers? Who to Trust?
Is there a place for "professional music journalism" anymore?
When I was first attracted to music journalism as a young pup in the '70s, it was because of the record reviews in Rolling Stone, Creem, and other rags of the times. Back then, I viewed rock music as a force for good, and the pompous, over-wrought, snide, and often funny words penned by critics with obvious biases and out-of-control superiority complexes appealed to my own child-like sense of self-importance.
Yeah, I was thinking stuff like that as a teenager. I blame growing up in the cultural/political volcano of San Francisco in the '60s. I wasn't alone in this near-worship of rock journalism, of course, as many of the professional music critics who wrote for newspapers and magazines in the pre-blog era nearly became rock stars themselves—pampered, press-junketed, backstage passed, groupied, and simultaneously feared by bands and record labels. Wild times.
Sadly, some of the stuff written back then seems just plain awful in the light of today. For every truly crazy-smart writer like Lester Bangs, there was a boatload of arrogant, first-person reporting that a sane editor probably should have pulped rather than published. And, much to the bitter disappointment of my teenage self, rock music and rock journalism did not CHANGE THE WORLD. It was all entertainment. And commerce. And, well, yeah, a good amount of helpful charity events that continue to this day, and I'm certainly grateful for those.
But "professional music journalism" seems to have de-evolved to a level of relative disregard that no editor short of Nostradamus would have dared predict in 1972. Right now, it's pretty much a community of peers that handles pop-culture criticism. (Perhaps it was prescient that the celebrated New Yorker film critic Pauline Kael stopped writing in 1991, before that web thing really caught on.) And, sure, a "professional" tag doesn't ensure perceptiveness or writing chops—you could just be a bad writer with a job.
But I still believe that experience, vision, an awareness of history, and the ability to write compelling prose can be deployed to educate and enrich. Delete the "better than thou" egotism of the past—unless it's a hilarious and entertaining application of haughtiness—and professional, well-edited writing should offer a depth and context that the dilettante blogger (even one with an audience) can't approach. What do you think? School me at mmolenda@musicplayer.com.


Edward K. Toothman Jr., 77, of Clarksburg, WV, passed away on Saturday, March 9, 2019, at his residence. He was born in Portland, Maine, on March, 13, 1941, a son of the late Edward Toothman and Marjorie Durloo Toothman. Mr.
Victor Gentilozzi Jr., departed this life on Friday, March 1st, 2019 at the Louis A. Johnson VA Medical Center. He was born in Clarksburg at the Union Protestant Hospital on April 29, 1937, a son of the late Vittorio and Costanza Lover Gentilozzi.


text:
Q: Getting the line number or full stack trace on exceptions in a gremlin-groovy script I have a gremlin-groovy script that traverses a database which is incredibly noisy. There are lots of cases with missing edges or properties. When I assume an edge or property exists and it doesn't an exception is thrown I get a very simple output like this:
javax.script.ScriptException: java.util.IllegalFormatConversionException: d != java.lang.String

I'd like to make it so when the script encounters a fatal exception, as the one above, it provides a stack dump or at least a line number so I can debug where it happened, similar to how java can print a full stack trace on fatal exceptions.
Any suggestions on how to get a better dump?

A: I recommend using the Gremlin terminal for this.
gremlin$ ./gremlin.sh

         \,,,/
         (o o)
-----oOOo-(_)-oOOo-----
gremlin> a bad thing
No such property: bad for class: groovysh_evaluate
Display stack trace? [yN] y
groovy.lang.MissingPropertyException: No such property: bad for class: groovysh_evaluate
    at     org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ScriptBytecodeAdapter.unwrap(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.java:50)

If you don't have this luxury (e.g. via a REST server), then you may want to place some intelligent 'printlns' in your traversal.
my.long.traversal.sideEffect{println 'I am here'}.is.very.long


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Family Values with Kristin Michelle "Celebrating Mom all Year"
Mother's Day is here again!! This month we are celebrating moms everywhere with a fun show dedicated to us! I am bringing the wonderful hosts of the former "Mompreneur Matters" show to chime in on a lively conversation about what we love about motherhood, what we REALLY want for Mother's Day and how to feel the "Mother's Day Love" all year. Grab your mom and tune in for this awesome show. And be sure to call in and give your mom a Happy Mother's Day shout out!!