As the Event Horizon Telescope prepares to release its first results, we can expect not just one, but two black hole images.
What does a black hole actually look like? For generations, scientists argued over whether black holes actually existed or not. Sure, there were mathematical solutions in General Relativity that indicated they were possible, but not every mathematical solution corresponds to our physical reality. It took observational evidence to settle that issue.
Owing to matter orbiting and infalling around black holes, both stellar-mass versions and the supermassive versions, we've detected the X-ray emissions characteristic of their existences. We found and measured the motions of individual stars that orbit suspected black holes, confirming the existence of massive objects at the centers of galaxies. If only we could directly image these objects that emit no light themselves, right? Amazingly, that time is here.
In theory, a black hole is an object that cannot hold itself up against gravity. Whatever outward forces there are — including radiation, nuclear and electromagnetic forces, or even quantum degeneracy arising from the Pauli exclusion principle — must be equal and opposite to the inward force of gravity, or collapse is inevitable. If you get that gravitational collapse, you will form an event horizon.
An event horizon is the location where the fastest speed attainable, the speed of light, is exactly equal to the speed necessary to escape from the gravity of the object inside. Outside of the event horizon, light can escape. Inside the event horizon, light cannot. It's for this reason that black holes are expected to be black: the event horizon should describe a dark sphere in space where there should be no light detectable of any type.
We see objects in the Universe that are so consistent with the expectations for a black hole that there are no good theories, at all, for what else they might be. Furthermore, we can calculate how large these event horizons should both physically be for a black hole (proportional to a black hole's mass) and how large they should appear in General Relativity (about 2.5 times the diameter of the physical extent).
As viewed from Earth, the largest apparent black hole should be Sagittarius A*, which is the black hole at the center of the Milky Way, with an apparent size of approximately 37 micro-arc-seconds. At 4 million solar masses and a distance of around 27,000 light years, it should appear larger than any other. But the second largest one? That's at the center of Messier 87, over 50 million light years away.
The reason that black hole is so huge? Because even at that incredible distance, it's over 6 billion solar masses, meaning it should appear as roughly 3/4ths the size of the Milky Way's black hole. Black holes are well-known for emitting radiation in the radio portion of the spectrum, as matter accelerates around the event horizon, but this gives us a brilliant way to attempt to view it: through very-long-baseline interferometry in the radio portion of the spectrum.
All we need, to make that happen, is an enormous array of radio telescopes. We need them all over the globe, so that we can take temporally simultaneous measurements of the same objects from locations up to 12,700 kilometers (8,000 miles) away: the diameter of Earth. By taking these multiple images, we can piece together an image — so long as the source we're imaging is radio-bright enough — as small as 15 micro-arc-seconds in size.
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is exactly such an array, and it's not only been taking data from all over the world (including in Antarctica) for years, it's already taken all the images necessary of Sagittarius A* and of Messier 87 you could hope for. All that's left, now, is to process the data and construct the images for the general public to view.
We've already taken the data necessary to create the first black hole images ever, so what's the hold up? What are we poised to learn? And what might surprise us about what the Universe has in store?
In theory, the event horizon should appear as an opaque black circle, letting no light from behind it through. It should display a brightening on one side, as matter accelerates around the black hole. It should appear 250% the size that General Relativity predicts, due to the distortion of spacetime. And it should happen because of a spectacular network of telescopes, in unison, all viewing the same object.
Normally, the resolution of your telescope is determined by two factors: the diameter of your telescope and the wavelength of light you're using to view it. The number of wavelengths of light that fit across your dish determines the optimal angular diameter you can resolve. Yet if this were truly our limits, we'd never see a black hole at all. You'd need a telescope the diameter of the Earth to view even the closest ones in the radio, where black holes emit the strongest and most reliably.
But the trick of very-long baseline interferometry is to view extremely bright sources, simultaneously, from identical telescopes separated by large distances. While they only have the light-gathering power of the surface area of the individual dishes, they can, if a source is bright enough, resolve objects with the resolution of the entire baseline. For the Event Horizon Telescope, that baseline is the diameter of the Earth.
I'm so pleased that the Event Horizon Telescope, and imaging the event horizon of a black hole directly, was the topic of October 3rd's Perimeter Institute public lecture: Images from the Edge of Spacetime, by Avery Broderick.
The live blog is now complete, having aired initially at 7 PM Eastern Time (4 PM Pacific Time), and you can follow along by watching the video below. Watch the talk any time, and follow along with the live blog that follows!
3:50 PM: Welcome! Let's start the Live Blog a little early, so we can give you a bit of background.
The biggest thing you have to realize, when it comes to imaging a black hole's event horizon, is that we're not looking for light, but the absence of light. When you look at a galaxy's center, you're going to see a ton of light, coming from all the matter located there. What the event horizon of a black hole gives you, spectacularly, is a shadow: a region wherein any light coming from behind it gets absorbed and swallowed. The key to imaging the event horizon is to see the light, behind the black hole, that emerges from around the horizon itself.
3:54 PM: What's an incredibly exciting possibility, that hopefully we'll get to hear more about in this lecture, is what we might see if something is flawed in Einstein's theory of general relativity. Of course we expect Einstein to be right; general relativity has never led us astray yet, not in any experiment, measurement, or at any level of detail. But if the event horizon is a different size, opacity, or shape than what we predict, or doesn't even exist at all, that could lead us to a revolution in physics. Quantum gravitational effects, for example, shouldn't be important here. But if they are… well, that's part of why we look!
3:58 PM: I know we're all hoping for an answer to the biggest question we have: what does the event horizon look like? That's why we have the telescope array, after all, doing what it's doing. But take a look at the multiwavelength image above. We have to see through all of that radiation, and prevent it from being a foreground contaminant, to image the event horizon of the black hole itself.
It's important to appreciate how much of the Universe we have to see through, as though it were transparent (and it's not 100% transparent), just to have a shot at the event horizon itself. Today, I'm hoping we learn exactly how we can do this, and why we're so confident that the EHT will get us there. Remember, the Milky Way's black hole, and all black holes, are radio-loud objects!
4:01 PM: Before the lecture starts, and it's about to begin, here's one last thing: this is the center of the Milky Way in four independent wavelengths. There's a lot going on there, and we're looking for an object that's roughly the size of Jupiter's orbit around the Sun. Are you not impressed at the ambition of the EHT? You should be impressed!!
4:04 PM: If you're wondering why we don't go for a closer black hole than the Milky Way's center, because there are closer ones, it's because the size of a black hole is dependent on its mass and its distance. Double the mass means double the radius; double the distance means half the radius. The second most massive black hole in the Milky Way that we've ever found is thousands of times less massive than the one at our galaxy's center, but only about 10–20 times closer. This is why we go for bigger rather than closer!
4:08 PM: "Black holes are objects into which things go, and don't come out." That is a solid definition of a black hole, which Avery gave… to first order. This should be true for every black hole in our Universe, but give it time. After about 10²⁰ years, perhaps a billion (or ten) times the age of our Universe, they'll start to radiate, via Hawking radiation, faster than it can absorb any matter that surrounds it. They will shrink, and when they do, that will herald their disappearance.
On long enough timescales, things will come out, albeit not from inside the black hole, but from the curved spacetime outside of it.
4:14 PM: Looking at supermassive black holes is fantastic; you get to see, in the radio, these massive lobes.
But the image above, that I've chosen, is in the X-ray! Black holes are powerful all across the electromagnetic spectrum. We can see their effects because, as Avery correctly notes, the matter expelled from the black holes changes their environments.
4:17 PM: Avery makes the point that the Universe is complicated, but black holes are simple. And this is true, so long as you're looking at their macro-properties. But there is a huge amount of theoretical motivation to assume that what a black hole is made out of matters! If you made a black hole out of 10⁵⁵ neutrons or 10⁵⁵ antineutrons, there should be a difference. Not in General Relativity, but in terms of information and quantum numbers.
Does this actually matter? We're not sure, and the EHT won't teach us that. There are many questions we ought to remember that physics has left to resolve, no matter what the answers the EHT (or any experiment) can give us.
4:20 PM: Avery brings up a fun acronym: ISCO. ISCO stands for innermost stable circular orbit. This is not the event horizon, but rather an orbit about three times the radius of the event horizon. There should be, therefore, an empty hole that's in between ISCO and the event horizon, where no matter (stably) exists.
The innermost orbit for matter, and for photons, and for even the spacetime that starts to get dragged around (yes, this happens!), all affect what someone viewing the event horizon would actually see. Frame-dragging is a real effect in relativity, and cannot be ignored!
4:24 PM: I think this is a really important point that Avery only glosses over, but is a source of confusion for a lot of people in General Relativity. The curvature of spacetime is not determined by mass. Sure, no less a figure than Wheeler noted that matter tells spacetime how to curve; curved space tells matter how to move, but it's more than that. The curvature of spacetime is determined by the presence, distribution, and density of both matter and energy. This includes energy of all forms: radiation, kinetic energy, and many quantities other than just mass.
Mass plays a major role, but it isn't the only important thing as far as affecting spacetime goes.
4:27 PM: I want to note something that Avery said at the 0:25 minute mark in his talk, asking if these objects with large masses and X-ray/radio emissions are, in fact, black holes? He then left the question hanging and didn't answer.
But you know what? Except for crackpots on the internet, pretty much everyone now accepts that these objects are black holes, and it was Andrea Ghez's group, at UCLA, that answered that question for us. You see stars, by looking in the infrared, orbiting a point of incredible mass, about 4 million solar masses. Yet no light (at least, in the infrared) comes from that mass.
Why? Because there is no explanation for it other than a black hole. That's a black hole, folks, and with supreme confidence we can look for it with a telescope like the EHT.
4:31 PM: There is a great graphic and a great conundrum in Avery's talk. The largest black hole, as seen from Earth, is the one at the Milky Way's center. The second largest is the one at M87. The fourth largest? The one at the center of Andromeda.
But the third largest is a weirdo: NGC 1277. It's the size of the Milky Way, but appears to have a >10 billion solar mass black hole. This is controversial, but it's a tantalizing possibility!
4:34 PM: Why is it so hard to resolve a black hole? Well, many reasons. We talked about resolution earlier, but that's not the only one.
Not every galaxy is radio-loud, meaning you can't see the shadow against the radio background if there is no background. (And so, sorry NGC 1277 fans, that's out.) If a galaxy isn't radio-transparent, because there's too much foreground, it won't be visible either. But if you're limited by diffraction, which is the nature of your telescope, you can see the wavelength divided by your telescope's diameter. You'd need a ~12 million meter diameter telescope to get the EHT's resolution in the radio.
4:38 PM: So why does Avery, at the 0:36 mark in his talk, say you'd need a 5 km telescope, rather than a 12 million meter telescope, to see the black hole at the galaxy's center?
Number two, you want better resolution than the thing you're trying to image. Otherwise, it's just one pixel, and you can't learn what you want to learn about an event horizon from just one pixel!
4:45 PM: His analogy with Fourier series isn't really doing it for me. If you wonder, "how can you use multiple telescopes to get the resolution I need" to reconstruct an image, it is highly dependent on what you're looking at. Always, more telescopes covering more area at more locations are better.
But if you only have two telescopes, you can still do incredible thing, like the Large Binocular Telescope Observatory (LBTO) did just a few years ago, when they imaged erupting volcanoes on Jupiter's Moon, Io, while another of its moons (Europa) eclipsed it. Pretty incredible!
4:49 PM: So what took us so long to build the EHT? After all, we've had telescopes and planet Earth for a really, really long time, and we've been capable of taking these images. But it requires a whole lot of data. Writing down enough (and the right kinds of) data, fast enough, and then bringing them together with enough computational power to analyze them, is only now, for the first time, possible. If we had tried even a decade ago to build and run the EHT, it would not have been possible.
4:51 PM: Avery says the biggest advance was the addition of ALMA to the EHT array. And ALMA is so, so fantastic. A piece of the array is shown, above, but check out below, where ALMA has taken some pretty spectacular, high-resolution images of… well, planets forming around young stars, like nothing else ever has, even up through today.
4:53 PM: And now, at last, at the 0:51 minute mark of the talk, we get the real reason why all this analysis takes so long. There are different atmospheric phase delays that include calibration, calculation, mistakes and re-calculation, of 27 Petabytes of data, from all the different stations.
Computational time is often a joke, but that's the hold up. He has no images to show, because there are no final-version, mistake-free images available. Early 2019, maybe, is what he says we can look forward to for the first images.
4:54 PM: Be patient, EHT fans! Be pleased they are taking the time to get it right!
4:58 PM: Avery has just made an argument for why black holes must exist, and the objects at the centers of the Milky Way and M87 must be one. (Or, two, more accurately.) If you have stuff that falls onto a central accreting body, it will heat up and shine. But if they run into a hard object that doesn't have an event horizon, it will heat up and shine upon impact. If you had impact emission, it would show up.
There was no emission, which should theoretically show up in the infrared. The lack of this would push above the infrared limits, and it's not there!
And therefore, black hole. It can't be large and cool, and isn't hot enough to be a non-black-hole. QED.
5:02 PM: So how do you measure the mass of a black hole? You measure the gas orbiting the central black hole; you measure the stars orbiting it. But you get two different numbers, and they disagree. They disagree by about a factor of 2 for M87, and (although most people don't remember) they used to disagree for the Milky Way in the early 2000s. From X-rays, we estimated around 2.5–2.7 million solar masses, but from stars, we estimate 4 million solar masses.
Who's right? My bet is on stars because the observations have fewer assumptions to translate into a mass, but the EHT should teach us which (if either) is correct!
5:04 PM: Avery contends these are the two black holes you'd want, ideally, to test black holes. They're different; one is small and close, the other is large and farther; one is active with a big jet (M87) while the other is quiet; both have a large enough angular size to be resolved with a telescope the size of our planet, etc. And these are good arguments. But I'd still rather have a stellar mass black hole that happened to be within just a few light years to try out. Any help, Alpha Centauri?
5:08 PM: Avery is talking about the early proto-EHT data, that took these first observations, and showed it was consistent with our models of black holes within General Relativity. But there is really so little that we get; we get info about mass, a little bit about rotation, and a little bit about the surrounding environment. Until we can see the horizon itself, and know its shape, we are very limited in what we can constrain.
Even Avery is disappointed with what we can say with Proto-EHT data.
5:10 PM: What will be very, very cool, that Avery is telling, is that there will be movies, not just images, that are interesting. On timescales of decades, black holes will jitter, similar to how Brownian motion works. Atoms and molecules bounce off of tiny particles under a microscope; that's Brownian motion. Well, for the black hole at the galactic center, stars orbit and move closer-or-farther from the central black hole, and they gravitationally push it around!
5:12 PM: I would like to point out that this is why it's so important to make your observations simultaneously in time to one another; you cannot reconstruct a single image from interferometry if you're not looking at the same object anymore. Like Heraclitus said, "you can't step into the same river twice." Well, you can't look at the same black hole twice, apparently.
5:13 PM: Okay, for those of you watching, I'm just going to say that if you're 73 minutes into a 60 minute talk, and you're just now mentioning things like the "Bardeen-Petterson effect," someone should start playing the "wrap-it-up" music.
5:17 PM: Okay, this last thing is cool enough that I should mention here: flares at the center of the Milky Way's black hole. They happen, and they typically last minutes.
But why? Are they turbulent features in the accretion disk? Or are they arising from the infall of matter, like "hot blobs" in the accretion flow, that flare out when they get accelerated and devoured?
Models of both are continuously being improved, and based not on the event horizon itself, but the luminous signals that come out around the outside of the event horizon, we might be able to tell them apart. Why does our black hole flare? The EHT might teach us.
5:20 PM: So, if you've made it this far, you probably watched the whole thing. So how do you sum it up?
We can see their effects and learn about it indirectly.
They should have event horizons.
The EHT should create an image of them with the data we have.
It will take lots of time.
And if we observe the light from outside of them, we might learn more about the environment of these black holes, and what causes transient events like flares.
And that's the end! Q&A time!
5:22 PM: Fun question: what gets ejected from a black hole? What are these jets made out of? Where do they come from?
The follow-up is what is the jet's effect on the black hole? While Avery is assuming equal-and-opposite bipolar jets, that assumption isn't necessary. It's like asking what effect a fly has as it splats on your semi truck's windshield. It's negligible.
5:25 PM: Avery's final question is what made him want to study black holes? And the answer is… Star Trek! There's no better way to end a live-blog than that, so live long and prosper, everyone, and I'll see you next time!


My preferred count is still to view bitcoin in a large correction since the manic bubble burst 3 years ago. It took 5 years from the creation of bitcoin to reach its mania high. The time it is taking for this corrective pattern to unfold still fits into the larger wave structure.
With the alt count "Entertaining the Bull" in mind, the short-term view does call for a new 2016 high.
交易结束:到达目标: There looks to be more upside. Targets have been surpassed. The trajectory is going vertical, take profits don't be greedy.


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For the second of the very good things that tend to receive a bad press, I highlight bankruptcy.
When an individual or firm goes bankrupt, a legal process is instigated to discharge debts that cannot be repaid. In former times such debtors might have been put into a debtors' prison and languished there for years. The process weighs assets against liabilities and allows the debts to be discharged at some fraction of their nominal value, leaving the debtor free of the burden, albeit subject to rules of financial behaviour and with a blemish on their credit record which can last for years.
While bankruptcy undoubtedly involves some social stigma that most people would seek to avoid, it does have advantages to society as well as to the individuals it releases from debt. A discharged bankrupt is no longer burdened by the debt, and is free to work again and to earn money without it all being consumed in repayments. If he or she went bankrupt as a result of a failed business enterprise, they become free, after the passage of time, to try again. Some highly successful business people have failed to get it right the first time, and have experienced bankruptcy on the road to eventual success.
Most lenders who extend loans to business know that risks are higher among 'subprime' candidates, and set their repayment terms sufficiently high to cover the losses from those who go bankrupt. While failure might be devastating and distressing for the individual, however, it has economic and social benefits. Failure enables capital and assets to be redeployed from businesses that have not worked towards new ventures that show more promise. It is the financial equivalent of clearing out the less hardy plants and animals and leaving their ecosphere available for the hardier strains.
The economist Joseph Schumpeter spoke of the "creative destruction" wrought by innovative ideas and businesses that led to the demise of established ones. Bankruptcy is part of the process by which failing firms close down and are replaced by newer and more successful ones. Although governments might try to reduce bankruptcies and failures by propping up firms in trouble, they do the economy and the prospects for future growth no favours by doing so. The failure of some is an important ingredient in the success of others.
Older PostTax freedom for the poor!


text:
MODERN POETS: The Best SONGWRITERS of 2018
I was not sure, at first, wheter to present an update of my selection of the best songwriters of 2018, or rather to wait until next month and publish the final "End of the Year List". In the end I decided to go for the update, mainly because in the recent months there were a few very important releases, including Kurt Vile, Thomas Dybdahl and Michelle Mandico, and I thought it might be nice to see them together with the other artists that made this year so exciting.
You'll find below an update of my personal selection of the best records by contemporary singer-songwriters. Compared to the previous episode, which appeared on last September, there are new entries and also some repositioning between some of the artists who were already included.
Enjoy this list and also the music that has been selected for each one of the selected artist. And stay tuned in view of the final chart, which will arrive approximately in one month from now.
#1) King Dude, "Music To Make War To"
King Dude is the stage name of composer, singer, musician and producer Thomas Jefferson Cowgill.
American songwriter Thomas Jefferson Cowgill is one of those artists who likes to move between extremely different forms of expression. In his brilliant musical career he now operates under the pseudonym of King Dude and with such new artistic identity he has already released a good number of excellent pubications. As a matter of fact, listening to King Dude's discography one may think that's it is practically impossible for him to publish low quality works and his latest record, Music to Make War To totally confirms this trajectory.
King Dude's new album looks like as a perfect blend between The National and Nick Cave, in which however the melodic elements of the songs always prevail over the more introspective aspect of the music. As expected the album is deeply rooted on that melancholic tone which has become one of the most recognizable elements of King Dude's music (what's sometimes referred to as "dark folk" or "goth folk"), nevertheless melancholy is partially alleviated in Dude's new album through a lightness of approach and also a research for musical simplicity which are at times totally disarming.
Arrived to the seventh record of his great discography, King Dude has succeded in the apparent impossible operation to make catchy and somehow "radio friendly" songs which still convey the emotional intensity and the darkness that we appreciated in his previous works.
"Velvet Rope", taken from"Music to make war to" by King Dude
"Good and Bad", featuring Josephine Olivia, taken from"Music to make war to" by King Dude
#2) Sarah McQuaid, "If We Dig Any Deeper It Could Get Dangerous"
Born in Madrid (to a Spanish father and an American mother), raised in Chicago and now living in rural England, Sarah McQuaid released in 1997 her debut solo album ("When Two Lovers Met") and she has published in 2018 the fifth LP in her career of singer-songwriter, "If We Dig Any Deeper It Could Get Dangerous".
Madrid-born, Chicago-raised and UK-based singer and songwriter Sarah McQuaid has explored in her valuable career many shades of folk and alt rock, and listening to her most recent works we can realize how profound and rich this journey has been. Sarah's last and fifht release, If We Dig Any Deeper It Could Get Dangerous, is her more mature album so far, and the songs of the LP capture the artist in a phase of full confidence in her capacities.
In McQuaid's new album, the artist meditates over challenging themes and evokes intimate and sometimes desolate atmospheres. Most of the songs of are characterized by dark tones and rarefied melodies, so don't expect to find crystal-clear melodies and danceable but, rather, get ready for a melancholic journey where the happy ending is not always guaranteed.
The main feeling that emerges from If We Dig Any Deeper It Could Get Dangerous seems to be the serene acceptance of human nature and the fact that sometimes we have only a minor role before the regular and imperturbable cycle of life. This cosmic message is partly evoked by the artist's voice and lyrics, and partly by the haunting, minimal and evocative music, which is the real added value of the album. We have a few ballads in the classic style of folk, with violins and acoustic guitars, but the peak of the emotions, in my opinion, is reached when the Sarah McQuaid sings accompanied by only the reverberation of her electric guitar, which arrives to you hears as an echo from distant worlds, like memories from your past that suddenly appear in a corner of your thoughts, leaving a feeling of conscious abandonment.
"The Tug Of The Moon", the first single from Sarah McQuaid's fifth solo album "If We Dig Any Deeper It Could Get Dangerous"
The title-track of Sarah McQuaid's new album
#3) Mark Lanegan and Duke Garwood, "With Animals"
Over the last years, American songwriter Mark Lanegan and English multi-instrumentalist Duke Garwood have worked torgether on their previous joint LP "Black Pudding" as well as on Lanegan's solo records "Blues Funeral" and "Gargoyle".
The discography of American iconic singer-songritwer Mark Lanegan has become so full of different and heterogenous entries that there is a specific page on Wikipedia that is dedicated to report all of his releases and appearances, which include many solo albums, a bunch of EPs and a vastity of collaborations with other bands and musicians. As part of this large number of collaborations, in 2013 Lanegan released an interesting record with English singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Duke Garwood. The album, called Black Pudding, received however mixed reactions from the public and the critics, partly due to the absolutely secondary role that was given to Gardwood, but also because Black Pudding, in the end, resulted as an extremely monochromatic and predictable album, with Lanegan anchored to his consolidated formula of dark and bluesy folk.
Five years after Black Pudding, Lanegan and Darkwood have released a second collaborative effort, named With Animals, and since the first couple of songs it's clear that the harmony and the spiritual connection between the two has largely improved. For the casual listener this album could appear quite similar to the last few works by Lanegan, but this is not true if you go beyond the surface.
With Animals is a solid and inspired album, where all the songs are linked and correlated by a sort of spiritual connection, something which makes you feel like venturing into the darkest and most disturbing areas of your inner self. Darkness, restlessness, impotence. These are the feelings that emerge when you listen to With Animals, which don't come only from the raspy voice of Lanegan, but this time also from a stronger contribution by Garwood and his hypnotic guitar loops. Garwood's, in many moments of the album, reaches peaks of absolute beauty and in a few cases it even takes the lead over Lanegan's voice.
If you're not discouraged by the minimal arrangements, the slow rhythms and the dark and oppressive atmospheres, With Animals can become a valuable companion to your moments of reflection and relax.
The title-track from Lanegan and Garwood's second LP "With Animals"
"Scarlett", taken from Lanegan and Garwood's second LP "With Animals"
#4) Michelle Mandico, "Ptarmigan"
Colorado native singer-songwriter Michelle Mandico released this year her debut full-length album, "Ptarmigan", which is a colorful tribute to her crossing from the Rocky Mountains to Denver's live music scene.
Michelle Mandico is a young singer-songwriter from Colorado, in the U.S., who released this year an impressive debut album, Ptarmingan, which not only showcases her remarkable musical sensitivity and expressive voice, but that enters immediately among the best indie folk releases of the year.
The release notes of Ptarmigan say that Michelle spent 2 years writing and recording her album, and from what we hear the result of such effort is evident. Without knowing the details of Mandico's writing process, I presume that most of the work consisted in "lightening" the music by removing all the superfluous components and putting the melodies and her sublime voice at the centre of each song. Ptarmingan is in fact extremely delicate and soft, and the arrangements are made so as to leave in each song an area of apparent emptiness to be filled by the listener's imagination. This is music that has the ability to relieve you from the thoughts and concerns of your day, whilst Mandico's voice captures your heart.
Yes, the voice. I believe that there are skills and abilities that can be learned and improved with hard work. However, there are also innate talents that every person possesses as a gift. That of Michelle Mandico, in my opinion, is to enchant the listeners with her beautiful voice.
From a musical point of view, Ptarmingan follows a style of American folk that's quite close to the classics of the genre. This is probably one aspect on which Michelle Mandico can now concentrate her efforts, trying to develop a more characteristic and unique sound. The musical performance is however flawless and it also benefits from the value of the musicians who collaborated to this project.
There is a new talent in the music scene, she is a songwriter gifted by an extraordinary and fascinating voice that we will follow con interest and curiosity in her next steps.
"1000 Feet", taken from Michelle Mandico's debut LP "Ptarmigan"
The title track of Michelle Mandico's debut LP "Ptarmigan"
#5) First Aid Kit, "Ruins"
Swedish sisters Klara and Johanna Söderberg play under the name of First Aid Kit. They have released so far four albums, the last one, "Ruins", published in the early months of 2018.
First Aid Kit, the Swedish folk duo consisting of the two Söderberg sisters, released in January 2018 a new album, Ruins, which enriches an already interesting and valid discography. In ten years of career, the duo has in fact released to date four EPs and just as many LPs, reaching the very first positions of the Swedish charts and collecteing also many important awards at international level.
Ruins is particularly interesting record because it shows a clear desire of the two sisters to experiment with new styles and directions for their music, in particular as regards the increased presence of elements of country music. Even if they're still relatively young (the older of the two, Johanna, hasn't reached yet her thirty years) the two Söderber sisters have already demonstrated a remarkable musical maturity, and in this respect the songs of their latest album show a further improvement in terms of musical sensibility and songwriting skills.
"Rebel Heart", taken from First Aid Kit's new LP "Ruins"
"Fireworks", taken from First Aid Kit's new LP "Ruins"
#6) Thomas Dybdahl, "All These Things"
Thomas Dybdahl is a Norwegian singer-songwriter whose career started as the guitarist in the band Quadraphonics, but who eventually started a solo-career releasing to date 8 LPs
One year after the release of his appreciated album The Great Plains, Thomas Dybdahl is back with a new work called All These Things, which indicates that the artist must be experiencing a period of particular creativity.
An element that amazed me last year on the occasion of Dybdahl's previous record, and which still surprises me as I listen to All These Things, is how Dybdahl's music is so warm and soft, which is basically the opposite of what you would expect when thinking of the cold lands of Norway. The atmospheres that emanate from the songs of his new album are extremely relaxed and intimate, and the effect is further amplified by the absolute elegance of the arrangements. The persistent tranquility and warmth of the music allow the album to flow placidly and smoothly from the beginning to the end, but at the same time – at least for a distracted listener – it might also appear that All These Things doesn't offer any burst of emotions, or any moment where the shallow calm is broken by a sudden wave of energy. In reality what happens is that most of the beauty of Dybdhal's new work is hidden in the details of each song, as well as in the overall balance that has been achieved among the various components of the music. Therefore, it's really difficult to appreciate the real value of the album with only a superficial listening.
In the best tradition of Dybdahl's productions there are always a couple of songs in every album which stand out from the others, and this is confirmed also in his latest LP. However, both the style and the dominating atmospheres that we find in the songs of the album are extremely similar and, in the end, All These Things, taken as a whole, is definitely more uniform and homogeneous than Dybdahl's previous records. This is partly due to the fact that the album was recorded in the course of only 3 days. As the author explained, it was a sort of reaction to the fact that his previous album was much more focused on the production and on the sonic aspect of the songs.
Another element of interest of the album is given by the fact that Dybdahl collaborated with a cast of talented artists, including American songwriter and producer Larry Klein, American composer and pianist Patrick Warren and American guitarist Dean Parks. And when you launch the album it really seems to be surrounded by an ensemble of excellent musicians, playing just for you, in a relaxed environment, creating precious and fragile fragments of melodies over delicate sequence of chords.
"What You Came For", taken from Thomas Dybdahl's new LP "All These Things"
The title-track of Thomas Dybdahl's new LP "All These Things"
#7) Holly Miranda, "Mutual Horse"
Holly Miranda is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She has released to date five solo albums, and two LPs with The Jealous Girlfriends, a four-piece band based in Brooklyn.
There are only few things in music that are more beautiful than the magic that's reached when creativity and authenticity are combined with the beauty of the melodies and the depth of the songs. This special combination of factors may be found in the songs of Holly Miranda's latest album, Mutual Horse.
Arrived at her fourth solo LP, the American singer-songwriter has definitely mastered the expressive abilities of her peculiar style and of her intriguing voice. The songs of her new record, in fact, range between different and sometimes contrasting atmospheres but all of them share the same fluency and enjoyability, two characteristics which make the experience of listening like an emotional journey along delicate, quiet and sometimes poignant atmospheres.
Maybe there isn't any track with the credentials to become an "hit" but taken in its entirety this is probably one of the best LPs composed and recorded by Holly Miranda up to this point.
"Exquisite", featuring Kyp Malone, a song taken from Holly Miranda's new LP "Mutual Horse"
The song "All of the Way" from Holly Miranda's new LP "Mutial Horse", recorded live at Gibson Room.
#8) Kurt Vile, "Bottle It In"
Kurt Vile is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He is known for his solo work and as the former lead guitarist of rock band The War on Drugs
If someone should ask me whose artist I would be able to recognize after listening only to a few guitar chords, I would definitely say Kurt Vile. Few songwriters have in fact developed a style so easily identifiable as the American musician did in the ten years of his career. This characteristic certainly represents a positive aspect from the point of view of musical identity, but it also means that Kurt Wile's records, at least at first impact, seem to be all the same. Clearly this is not the case, even because all the longterm fans of Kurt Wile (as I am) can easily appreciate that across his eight studio albums there are physiological highs and lows. In such a range of values, Bottle It In, which is Kurt Vile's most recent effort, places approximately in the middle.
In one hand, in fact, the album indulges in melodies and harmonies that are at times so simple and essential to seem almost improvised, but on the other hand the songs played by Kurt Vile continue to provide us with little sketches of contemporary poetry, always nice and fascinating to hear.
And even if some of the songs may give us the idea that the album came out sooner than the right time, it remains always a pleasure to have something new from a talented and unique singer-songwriter like Kurt Vile.
"One Trick Ponies", taken from Kurt Vile's new LP "Bottle It In"
"Bassackwards", taken from Kurt Vile's new LP "Bottle It In"
#9) L.A. Salami, "The City of Bootmakers"
English singer and songwriter Lookman Adekunle Salami, known professionally as L.A. Salami, has released so far three EPs and two albums.
I want to be honest: if L.A. Salami entered the list of the best songwriters of the year it's mainly because of one specific song of his 2018's LP The City of Bootmakers, a tune that's stuck in my mind since the beginning of the year and which doesn't want to go away. I'm talking of the song I Need Answers, which is probably one of the most beautiful modern ballads that I've heard this year and that highlights the multifaceted style of this young artist.
London singer and songwriter Lookman Adekunle Salami, best known as L.A. Salami, is one of those artists who manages to escape from easy labels. On the contrary, he's one that demands to his listeners dedication and attention because of the complexity and charm of his music. Hovering constantly over the thin boundary which separates pop from folk, the tracks of his records seem to be written for a niche of listeners, and only sporadically the musical language of this artist manages to find a more immediate and easily understandable expression for the casual listener.
On L.A. Salami's second album, The City of Bootmakers, the artist showcases a very unique blend of styles and inspirations, but he also addresses deep and challenging subjects, which are treated however with an uncommon class and profoundity. The musical part isn't always up to the author's ambitions, but in the most successful songs we may enjoy one of the most charming and stylish songwriters of his generation.
"I Need Answers", taken from L.A. Salami's new LP "The Cityof Bootmakers"
"The City Nowadays", taken from L.A. Salami's LP "The City of Bootmakers"
#10) Ellens Starski, "The Days When Peonies Prayed for the Ants"
American songwriter Ellen Starski began playing guitar at 19 years old. In 2008 she moved to Nashville, where she started her solo career with support of producer Anne McCue and a handful of the town's top musicians.
Tennessee-based singer-songwriter Ellen Starski released in 2018 her solo debut album, The Days When Peonies Prayed for the Ants, which collects the folk songs that she wrote over the course of the last 12 years. The album highlights the many influences that contributed to define her style of music: stripped-down and melodic folk ballads that are reminiscent of the the early works from Bob Dylan, Tori Amos, Patti Smith and to some extent also Paul Cohen.
A special mention is necessary for Ellens' emotional voice, which is often the real added value of the album. Throughout the songs of the LP the artist sings of her homeland, she tells personal anedoctes or reflects upon the beauty of nature, with a style that is both an homage to the masters of the past and also a celebration of the magic of folk.
Taken as a whole, The Days When Peonies Prayed for the Ants features a very valuable and enjoyable collection of indie-folk songs, some of them particularly exciting, and we expect good things for her future, ideally with a style that will become, with the years, even more unique and particular.
"Daughter of the Sea", taken from Ellen Starski's debut LP "The Days When Peonies Prayed for the Ants"
"Missing you", taken from Ellen Starski's debut LP "The Days When Peonies Prayed for the Ants"
All the artists that were included in this chart, together with others that didn't appear, are featured in the playlist MODERN SONGWRITERS. Listen to it and follow it, because it's updated periodically with new songs.
TagsDuke Garwood • Ellen Starski • First Aid Kit • Holly Miranda • indie folk • King Dude • Kurt Vile • L.A. Salami • Mark Lanegan • Michelle Mandico • Sarah McQuaid • songwriters • Thomas Dybdahl
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At Wells Fargo, we have one goal: to satisfy our customers financial needs and help them achieve their dreams. We re looking for talented people who will put our customers at the center of everything we do. Join our diverse and inclusive team where you ll feel valued and inspired to contribute your unique skills and experience.
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We are seeking an Operational Risk Consultant to join the Technology Risk Management Business Services Team. This position will engage with multiple risk and control stakeholders across Enterprise Information Technology (EIT) to assist in coordinating the SOX/SOC Engagement program. Areas of focus include, but are not limited to: facilitate communication of evidence requests from second line partners and external auditors to control owners, support program initiatives and collaborate with partners to align with program deliverables.
As part of the Front Line Unit, this role provides leadership support to ensure that Technology Risk Management develops and implements an IT COSO (SOX/SOC) engagement program aligned to the IT COSO policy and execution requirements. The role will primarily support the coordination of execution of the annual plan along with partnering with the appropriate Divisional Operational Risk Management contacts and EIT Control owners.
Assist with the implementation of an IT COSO (SOX/SOC) engagement program that supports the IT COSO policy.
Track and assign evidence request from IT COSO team and external Auditors for testing of controls.
2+ Years risk management experience with demonstrated leadership skills and ability to mature risk management programs.
Experience in evaluating the adequacy and effectiveness of policies, procedures and controls.
Demonstrated experience with both strategic and tactical approaches to risk management.
Ability to synthesize data from a variety of sources and deliver results quickly.


There are many things to consider when promoting your business online. There are many different ways to make yourself known on the Internet, but one aspect of promotion that is not looked at regularly is making the move to get onto Wikipedia. Many people consider Wikipedia the absolute center of all knowledge on the Internet. Where there was once encyclopedias and reference materials available offline through libraries, Wikipedia has come along over the last few years and has become the main gateway of knowledge online and offline.
Conquering the learning curve and learning how to make a Wikipedia page for online marketing and promotion however is a very detailed undertaking. You can imagine with the success and popularity of Wikipedia, many individuals try to take advantage of its worldwide reach by adding material to its pages that may not pass as legitimate information to include in its massive online knowledge base. Very few people understand the ins and outs of Wikipedia page creation, and how to properly navigate its editorial and company guidelines in order to promote a smaller business or entity.
While you or others around you may not know the ins and outs of promoting services and businesses on Wikipedia, companies such as Get Your Wiki do. Get Your Wiki has been providing Wikipedia promotional services to its customers for some time now, and after helping many businesses, have a proven and tested way to get local businesses exposure to Wikipedia. Get Your Wiki is a writing and promotional service specifically designed to help individuals and businesses increase their online exposure by writing, designing, and publishing materials that will be seen on Wikipedia. The bottom line is businesses gain increased exposure online, as well as authority from a search engine optimization standpoint. If you are looking to increase your online presence, and want to hire a Wikipedia expert to get your own wiki page on Wikipedia, you should consult with Get Your Wiki as soon as possible.
Helane Morrison serves in one of San Francisco's largest advisory firms, Hall Capital Partners, LLC as the Chief Compliance Officer. Helane is a member of the Executive Committee of the firm. The company tries to depict how we lost the much-required trust in the financial sector as a result of the 2008's economic crash. The crash saw many of us start placing our finances in their hands. However, after the phase of the economic crash, Hall Capital came to our rescue through its impassioned enforcement of regulatory compliance, accountability, trust and integrity in all their dealings.
Morrison is a self-motivated, hardworking woman who has set new standards of achievement in the compliance world. It is through her assertiveness, firmness, and versatility that she has been able to leave a great impression in corporate compliance. Every investment, which Morrison and her associates at Hall Capital make for their clients, is solid, well researched, and ethical. The firm makes sure every company that they collaborate with goes through an extensive background check to ensure compliance, integrity and to ascertain they can be trusted with client's investments. The company works with reputable financial advisors, mutual fund advisors as well as brokerage firms.
She was primarily responsible for enforcing litigation, securities issues, and regulatory compliance in the Northern California area. When she was the Regional Director of SEC, she was in charge of five Northwest States. At SEC, Morrison represented its business relations, legal matters, government agencies and financial communities. During her service at SEC, she dealt with substantial fraud cases surrounding top executives from renowned companies like Google, NextCard Inc., HBO, and Hewlett-Packard. She also led in exposing the delusory sale of faux securities to more than 50,000 personnel in the military by American Amicable, which is an insurance company.
Prior to joining SEC from 1986-1996, Ms. Morrison was practicing law at Howard, Rice, Nemerovski, Canady, Falk & Rabkin. She worked diligently and was promoted in 1991 to be a partner. Morrison was actively involved in litigation issues, SEC matters, internal corporate investigations, and defense of private securities. Earlier on, she served as a clerk to Harry A. Blackmun and Hon. Richard Posner of the U.S. Court of Appeals. She is also a seasonal speaker on compliance and legal issues.


For all your general inquires whether they be parts, systems or project oriented quote or questions and /or follow ups please call, email or fill out the form below. Our quote and sales team is comprised of industry professionals, charged with the energy of innovation, who are eager to partner with you to help provide you with support, technical advice and the best possible solutions for all your needs.
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This Super 8 location has been the site of a number of strange occurrences. Witnesses have reported lights and air conditioning that turns on and off by themselves, doors opening on their own, and mysterious whistling. There have been electrical malfunctions with the phone, such as all the lines lighting up at once or phone calls coming from vacant rooms. A cemetery lies adjacent to the motel, which is why many believe the location experiences these hauntings.
Tell Us About Your Experience(s) at Super 8 Macomb. Be specific.


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posts and bio Mark Lause
Mark Lause is a Professor of History at the University of Cincinnati. Author of 10 books, including most recently Free Labor The Civil War and the Making of an American Working Class, published in 2015 by the University of Illinois Press and Free Spirits: Spiritualism, Republicanism, Radicalism published in 2016 by University of Illinois Press.
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Department of Labor's List of Books that Shaped Work in America ignores critical books
by Mark Lause on March 12, 2014
In honor of its centennial the Department of Labor began posting a list of "Books that Shaped Work in America". What does it say about the value the Department of Labor places on labor history when it doesn't even ask labor historians for input for such a list?
Remember a President for Free Labor
by Mark Lause on February 15, 2014
Reflections about the importance of workers power in American aspirations seem particularly appropriate at the approach of this President's Day–that holiday formed by the compressed birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and George Washington. In my life, I cannot recall when they've ritually chanted their rhetoric about opportunities in circumstances as dire as these for working people.
The Power of a Labor Movement
by Mark Lause on August 2, 2013
The Plenary session of the New York conference of LAWCHA featured an impressive panel of speakers, ticking off a succession of depressing observations about the state of the labor movement, and suggesting some issues and ideas for improving it. We heard little discussion as to why AFL-CIO officialdom has failed to take up any of the good ideas and issues.
Howard Zinn's Greatest Error
by Mark Lause on May 9, 2013
Shortly after Howard Zinn's death in January 2010, the Occupy movement took to the streets, many of its most vocal proponents brandishing his People's History of the United States. They seized upon his work as both a legitimization of their own social criticisms within the American experience, and a claim to their legacy from the earlier movements of the 1960s and 1970s that shaped the book's approach.


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CisionScoop at Center for Responsive Politics, New Politics Editor at The Atlantic
July 09, 2018 / in Media Blog / by Cision Media Research
CisionScoop: Anna Massoglia has returned to the Center for Responsive Politics as nonprofit and FARA researcher, and covers foreign influence and political nonprofits. She was previously a researcher for Bloomberg BNA covering international payroll, personal income tax and payroll tax issues. This is Massoglia's second stint at CRP, and was previously on staff for two years as political nonprofits researcher.
The Atlantic has welcomed Vernon Loeb as politics editor. He was previously the managing editor of the Houston Chronicle, and has spent his career as a reporter and editor at many of the country's top newspapers, including The Philadelphia Inquirer, The Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times. Loeb succeeds Yoni Appelbaum, who is The Atlantic's new Ideas editor, overseeing the upcoming Ideas section. He has been with the magazine since 2015 and led coverage of the 2016 election and Trump's first year in the White House.
The Associated Press has named Steven Sloan politics news editor overseeing political coverage, including the 2018 midterm elections and the 2020 presidential campaign. Sloan joined the AP from CNN, where he most recently served as director of enterprise reporting in Washington.
The San Antonio Express-News has named Marc Duvoisin editor and vice president. He succeeds Mike Leary, who retired May 18 after a 46-year journalism career. Duvoisin previously had a brief stint as editor at large for the Houston Chronicle. Prior to that, he was the top editor of the Los Angeles Times, and lead the paper between 2001 and 2017.
Doug Zanger has joined Adweek as senior editor of creative, covering advertising, marketing, branding, and their industries. Zanger comes from The Drum, where he spent the last two years as Americas editor. Prior to that, he was a host/producer at Cascadia.FM.
Danielle McNally is the new director of features and special projects at Marie Claire. She was promoted from senior features editor, a position she had held for one year. Prior to that, McNally was a senior editor at Cosmopolitan, and has also worked for Details, Shape and Food Network Magazine.
WSNS-TV, the Telemundo affiliate for the Chicago market, has brought on Benjamin Zamora as general assignment reporter. He was previously the 11pm anchor at Entravision's KINC-15 in Las Vegas for two years. Prior to that, he reported for KTSM-TV and KTDO-TV in El Paso, Texas.
Ashley Paradez has joined KTBC-TV, the FOX affiliate in Austin, as anchor for the weekend broadcasts. She begins her duties July 9. Paradez comes from KTBC-TV in Dallas, where she was a reporter-weekend anchor. Prior to that, she worked for KFDA-TV in Amarillo, Texas as a producer.
Longtime sports columnist of the Plain Dealer, Bud Shaw, has left the paper. He has been with the daily since 1991 and wrote the popular column Bud Shaw's Sports Spin. Prior to that, he wrote for National Sports Daily and Atlanta Journal Constitution.
Marissa Armas is the newest reporter at KOAT-TV, the ABC affiliate in Albuquerque, New Mexico. She joined the staff from NBC News, where she spent the last two years as a freelancer and multimedia journalist. Prior to that, she worked at KTSM-TV as a reporter.


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The Referendum Countdown: How would Brexit impact on young people?
by Lewis Humphries
The EU referendum is now just hours away from commencing, with polls opening bright and early tomorrow morning. As this iconic moment has honed into view, both the Leave and Remain campaigns have become increasingly in their attempts to scaremonger, deploy propaganda and sell their vision of the future based on half-truths.
The likely outcome is too close to call at present, although recent polls have confirmed leaver voters in front by just one percent. This leaves an estimated 11% of voters undecided, and while this number has risen has the debate has intensified they will have the deciding factor tomorrow.
Imagining a post-Brexit world: How would Young Britons Fare?
If we consider this poll and imagine a post-Brexit world, however, what does the future hold for our younger citizens? Here is a breakdown of how Britain's youth would fair in an unfamiliar and independent economic climate: –
International Relocation and Overseas studies would be Impacted
At present, the terms of Britain's EU membership dictate that citizens are able to live and work anywhere within the 28 affiliated nations. This would change in the wake of Brexit, meaning that Brits would need to apply for visas as a non-European state (whether they are travelling for recreation or for work).
Without the freedom of movement across the EU, youngsters would also find it harder to pursue opportunities abroad. This also applies to domestic job roles, with a growing number of companies working throughout Europe and linked to growth sectors within the EU.
We have also seen a rising number of students choose to study abroad as tuition fees in the UK have soared, peaking at £9,000 per annum and £27,000 for a three-year course. Brexit would make it harder for UK students to pursue a higher education overseas, as they would also need complex visas and be required to pay costly international student rates.
The UK Job Market
This is far more of a grey area, as the precise economic consequences of Brexit are hard to quantify. While some suggest that the job market would be largely unaffected by a decision to leave, others claim that this could trigger a recession in the UK and a significant spike in unemployment.
If the latter does happen, youth unemployment would rise and it would be harder for youngsters to find work in the UK. This also causes issues in terms of remuneration, as those who are fortunate enough to find work in a recession tend to earn less than than those who are employed during periods of prosperity. An upturn in unemployment would also be likely to hit those aged 30 and under hardest, due to this demographics relative lack of experience.
The cost of living and housing
As a general rule, disposable income levels in the UK are already low and dwarfed by annual house price growth. This is creating economic stagnation, where the growth of earnings is failing to keep up with inflation, the cost of living and other macroeconomic metrics. Online brokerage firm AxiTrader and other experts have suggested that this scenario is unlikely to be improved by Brexit, with the British Pound likely to decline against the US Dollar and the Euro while the cost of imports increases.
For young people who are trying to buy a house or build wealth for the future, this could be extremely debilitating. While there is no way of determining whether young Britons would be financially better-off if we remain in the EU amid the current economic climate persists, the sudden volatility caused by Brexit could make the situation worse in the short-term.
Of course, uncertainty reigns supreme in this debate and when you delve beyond the bluster there are valid reasons for both staying and leaving. One this is for sure; it is the 11% of undecided voters that will make the difference when the polls open tomorrow.
Tags: Brexit
A Growing but Volatile Market: How to optimise the value of your home in the current climate
Brexit for Home-owners: To Sell or Not to Sell?
A complete guide to interest-only mortgages
Owners forced to fork out over common summer pet illnesses


It is an amazing gift to bring peace and enjoyment to a person undergoing cancer treatment or in hospice care. As a massage therapist, you have this power; you just need the skills and knowledge taught in this course. For example, you will learn exactly how cancer affects patients, and how massage can benefit them during this time. You will also practice appropriate massage techniques and their applications, and learn the communication skills and professional boundaries required to build a trusted client relationship.
Your instructor brings a lighter heart to a heavy topic with his humor and entertaining teaching style, while drawing from his vast experience – over 30 years of working with hospice patients, and a lifetime of experience dealing with the many effects of cancer. You can expect to think, laugh, share, and grow personally and professionally, all while expanding your skill set to serve a deserving population.
Students should bring a massage table and bolster, and wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothes. Bringing your own lunch is optional.


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Q: Passing large amount of data from class to class android I'm developing an android application where a number of String, String[], int and int[] are used. I have to pass this variable from one activity to another using intent.putExtra(). But it seems to me a little bit disgusting.I love to optimize my code.
I would use these variable as static. But using too much static data can cause memory leak.
So what is the right way to manage randomly used variable among different activity of android?
Thanks in advance.

A: Indeed, static variables cause memory leak and NullPointerExceptions.
You can save strings and String arrays to SharedPreferences so here is a solution for you (always remember to do a null check for the data you want to get from SharedPreferences):
SharedPreferences class for setting and getting your objects:
    public class SharedPrefManager {

            public static boolean saveArray(String[] array, String arrayName, Context mContext) {
                SharedPreferences prefs = mContext.getSharedPreferences("preferencename", 0);
                SharedPreferences.Editor editor = prefs.edit();
                editor.putInt(arrayName +"_size", array.length);
                for(int i=0;i<array.length;i++)
                    editor.putString(arrayName + "_" + i, array[i]);
                return editor.commit();
            }

            public static String[] loadArray(String arrayName, Context mContext) {
                SharedPreferences prefs = mContext.getSharedPreferences("preferencename", 0);
                int size = prefs.getInt(arrayName + "_size", 0);
                String array[] = new String[size];
                for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
                    array[i] = prefs.getString(arrayName + "_" + i, null);
                return array;
            }

            public static void setDefaults(String key, String value, Context context) {
                SharedPreferences prefs =  PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
                SharedPreferences.Editor editor = prefs.edit();
                editor.putString(key, value);
                editor.commit();
            }

            public static String getDefaults(String key, Context context) {
                SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
                return preferences.getString(key, null);
            }

    }

Setting array to SharedPreferences:
clear and update your array into sharedpreferences.
//save array to shared pref
SharedPrefManager.saveArray(array, "array_tag", getApplicationContext());

Getting array from SharedPreferences:
String [] a = SharedPrefManager.loadArray("array_tag", getApplicationContext());

Save String to SharedPreferences
SharedPrefManager.setDefaults("your_tag", "string_value", context);

Get String from SharedPreferences
SharedPrefManager.getDefaults("your_tag", getApplicationContext())

A: In my opinion for handling and using large amount of data you should go for the
Array List of string.
About the another problem you are facing is to carry all data. You can easily pass an array list from one activity to another activity.
Check out this simple example for it :
Suppose "CurrentActivity.java" is an activity from where you are suppose to send array list
At the first you should have to declare and initialise array list like:
ArrayList<String> listOfItems;
listOfItems = new ArrayList<String>();
Put some values in the array list :
listOfItems.add("Add all of your items here..");
Now in the CurrentActivity put this code on any button click :

    Intent i = new Intent(CurrentActivity.this, NewActivity.class);
    i.putStringArrayListExtra("itemList", listOfItems);
And "NewActivity.java" will be an activity which will get the array list from CurrentActivity
So in the New Activity selectedList will be another arraylist object, now you just have to put :
Bundle i1 = getIntent().getExtras();
       selectedList = i1.getStringArrayList("itemList");
And its done. Hope it will help you. :)

A: use shared preference for this,once you stored the data you can access the value in entire application.
SharedPreferences prefs = getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
    SharedPreferences.Editor editor = prefs.edit();
    editor.putString("EMP_ID",mUname);
    editor.commit(); //commit is important for storing the value

using below code you can retrieve the value in any activity
SharedPreferences prefs = getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, 0);
final String myVariable = prefs.getString("EMP_ID", "mUname");

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