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You are here: Home / Publications List / Inheritance and Legacies / How to sue an estate in Spain
How to sue an estate in Spain
18/09/2015 /in Inheritance and Legacies /by Mariscal & Abogados
During the time between the opening of the succession, acceptance and acquisition of inheritances, legal relationships may arising lacking ownership. During that time, the estate is said to be recumbent, i.e. it has no owner. However, this does not prevent the estate from participating in legal proceedings.
Under Article 6.4 of the Spanish Procedure Act, it is possible that a person being sued dies during the lawsuit. In such case, Article 16 of the Act establishes the procedural succession by death and contemplates different events that may occur including, as mentioned in point 3: "When the deceased litigant is the defendant and the remaining parties are not aware of successors or they could not be located or would not appear, the process will continue with the legal secretary declaring the defendant in default".
As noted by Dr. Maria Rebeca Carpi Martin, in an article published in the Journal of Real Estate Law Review in November 2014, to sue an estate according to the criteria applied by Spanish courts, the plaintiff must address all of the heirs to the estate as well as the estate itself. If the claim is exclusively against the defendant heirs personally, the plaintiff may face a declaration of invalidity of the process and feedback of proceedings for breach of form and subsequent vulnerability of other possible or ignored heirs. The claim may also be dismissed for failing to join a necessary party (when the plaintiff litigates against several defendants) or where the defendant lacks legal personality, without assessing the defendant's possible lack of legitimacy that requires the defendant to repudiate the inheritance.
According to the Provincial Court of Madrid in its resolution 179/2012, Spanish law does not allow inherited goods to be abandoned simply because of remuneration of the inheritance or because the goods have not yet been accepted or refused. An estate has recognised legal standing to sue and be sued in order to safeguard and protect the property and inheritance rights, and to fulfil the obligations belonging to the deceased that were not extinguished by his or her death, or arising from the actual management of the estate.
Furthermore, Spanish doctrine and jurisprudence requires a plaintiff to take extra effort to make all reasonable diligent investigations needed to determine who the heirs are and to locate them. Violation of this duty of inquiry and communication can involve the existence of a fraudulent scheme if it appears that the plaintiff knew or could have known with a minimum level of diligence, the identities of the heirs or the trustee, and deliberately hides or does not track down the information of the defendants so that the proceeding leads to a default (STC 185/2001).
Carlos Triana
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Mariscal & Abogados
Mariscal & Abogados is an international and multidisciplinary law firm with proven experience in diverse areas of the Law. Our working languages are English, German, French and Spanish. For any further enquiries please Contact us
https://www.mariscal-abogados.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/tipos-de-testamento-espana.jpg 350 561 Mariscal & Abogados https://www.mariscal-abogados.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Logo-Mariscal-Abogados-2-300x138.png Mariscal & Abogados2015-09-18 08:00:132017-03-13 13:41:54How to sue an estate in Spain
Calling a general meeting on behalf of minority shareholders in Spain Advantages of investing in venture capital (risk capital) or private equity


The EOS 400D / Rebel XTi is the first Canon digital SLR to actively combat the problem of dust. Canon's new EOS Integrated Cleaning System tackles dust in three ways: Reduce, Repel and Remove.
In terms of reduction, the 400D / XTi follows the EOS 30D and 5D in featuring an improved body cap which is designed to prevent dust generation through wear on the cap itself. In terms of repelling, the low pass filter also employs anti-static technologies to avoid attracting dust in the first place.
So far nothing groundbreaking, but where it starts to get interesting is in terms of actual dust removal. The 400D / XTi features a self-cleaning sensor unit which uses high frequency vibrations to shake dust from the low pass filter in the same was as the Olympus SuperSonic Wave Filter, SSWF.
Like the Olympus system, this process takes place every time the camera powers-up (taking about one second while showing a small animation in the lower right corner), but unlike the Olympus, it can be over-ridden by pressing or half-pressing the shutter release. The filter vibration process also takes place when the camera's powered-off and can additionally be manually activated if desired. Being able to over-ride the process during startup is a far more sensible approach than the Olympus SSWF as it allows the camera to be ready for action straightaway if necessary.
Canon's also gone one step further by allowing the recording of a reference frame which maps the position of any stubborn dust particles. This is performed using a menu option which instructs you to manually set the lens focus to infinity and focal length to at least 50mm. You should then photograph a solid white subject like a sheet of card from 20-30cm away. The 400D / XTi then automatically takes the shot with an aperture of f22 to best capture any dust marks on the image.
Interestingly, the resulting reference data is not actually saved as a separate image, but appended to each and every subsequent JPEG and RAW file automatically. Since the image data is very simple though, it makes virtually no difference to the file size. If you'd like to stop the data being appended, you'll need to reset the camera settings from a setup menu.
The latest version 2.2 of the supplied Digital Photo Professional software for PCs or Macs can then automatically retouch dust marks from any JPEG or RAW images which contain the reference data. Any marks that are missed can be manually cloned-out, and DPP can also remember their positions for application on subsequent images if desired. Finally, there's also the brute-force option to flip open the mirror and shutter curtains to manually remove any particularly persistent particles.
All in all, it's an impressive sounding approach which appears to cover all eventualities, but how well does it all work in practice? Comparing the effectiveness of various anti-dust systems is always tough, but what we can do is describe our own experiences during the testing process where we changed lenses several times a day both indoors and outdoors.
First things first: despite vibrating the low pass filter upon every startup and shutdown, we still found dust marks on some images. An example is shown below where several dust marks were visible in the blue sky. The one cropped for illustration was taken from the right side, just above the mountain ridge; it's also just visible in the reduced image on the left. Another example can be seen on the first image in our Gallery.
Once we'd identified there was dust on the sensor, we shot another frame on a tripod, before creating our first dust reference frame and shooting the same scene again. Interestingly despite the first image not featuring any dust reference data, the file size was actually fractionally larger than the second shot which included the data. Clearly the dust reference data is so small, it can go unnoticed within the variances of the actual JPEG compressor. In this respect there's no problem what-so-ever with the camera appending the data to every image.
Upon opening the image in DPP, you'll need to select 'Start Stamp Tool' from the Tools menu, then click on the 'Apply Dust Delete Data' button. In our tests we found this approach managed to remove the majority of dust marks, although some persistent ones remained. It was however easy to manually remove these and DPP includes two options for retouching light or dark dust marks.
So while the EOS 400D / Rebel XTi's dust removal systems were not 100% infallible during our test period, they're a most welcome addition and will hopefully be fitted to subsequent Canon digital SLRs. We particularly liked the way dust data could be updated before an important shoot and automatically appended to subsequent images with little or no impact on file sizes.


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Q: ASP.NET Mvc show element to owner of post? I m comparing, if current user is owner of post or owner of profile like below.
if (Request.IsAuthenticated)
{
      if (Users.IsInRole("Admin") || (Guid)System.Web.Security.Membership.GetUser().ProviderUserKey == Model.UserId)
      {
          @Html.ActionLink("EditProfile", "EditProfile", "UserProfile")
      }
}

Is this the best way or Are there any better ways to control this comparison.

A: This is business logic. I would not put this check in a view.
One step better would be to have the check done in the controller, which then sets a boolean parameter of the viewmodel.
Better yet would be to run the check in some kind of business layer that the controller can query.
As for the view, perhaps there are other situations in which you want to present the edit option (e.g. the user is an administrator). By keeping the views dumb you maximize their re-usability:
@if(Model.ShowEditLink){
    @Html.ActionLink("EditProfile", "EditProfile", "UserProfile")
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Winter will be here soon, and at Kissing Bridge, that means all things skiing and snowboarding. If you've dreamed of spending your snowy days on the slopes, why not share your love of winter sports with others and be an instructor? KB is offering a training course on Nov. 19, from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. at the Central Lodge.
The fee for the course is $60, and payable at registration, which begins at 8:30 a.m. in the Central area. Cost includes all training materials.
On-Snow training sessions will follow, and are tentatively scheduled for Dec. 10- 11, and 17- 18, from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
A certificate of completion will be awarded after attendance of dry-land and on-snow training sessions, which is a pre-requisite to apply for Kissing Bridge instructor positions.
Previous: Kissing Bridge Fall Fest Is Here!


(NewsUSA) - Labor Day originated as a celebration of American workers, but for many Americans it has become a time for barbeques and sales to celebrate the end of summer. What has happened to the support for labor in America when longtime stalwart industries such as the automotive industry are experiencing a skills gap and workforce shortages?
This Labor Day, parents sending their students back to school can use the opportunity to consider how the workforce in the United States is changing, and the variety of options their teenagers have as they look ahead to careers.
In particular, changes in vehicle technology and the expansion of automation mean the advancement and evolution of the technician profession in the transportation industry.
Jobs that might have typically been considered "blue collar" jobs (aka:mechanic), or jobs with less potential for responsibility and income, are now considered "new collar" jobs (aka: technician), where smart and talented individuals can find personal fulfillment and economic stability and success.
For many young adults, a traditional four-year college education may not be the best fit or right path for individual success. Yet many families are unaware of the wide range of options, including technical education, or careers that don't require a four-year degree.
The TechForce Foundation, a nonprofit organization with the mission of championing students through their education into successful careers as professional technicians, has developed the "Because I am a Tech," promotion to educate teens and parents about the possibilities available in today's economy.
The campaign features real stories from technicians who found their niche and are enjoying real success in various aspects of the transportation industry.
"We are dispelling the myths around technical careers in the transportation industry and our campaign shows, firsthand, how real people are building rich and fulfilling lives," says Jennifer Maher, CEO of TechForce Foundation.
In a video on its website, Leah Pritchett, a professional drag racer, recounts her observation of the "mechanical ballet" of the skilled technicians working on race cars under pressure, and how much satisfaction and success the racing team finds in their work.
TechForce Foundation offers students and parents a roadmap to a successful career via its website, futuretechsuccess.org/map.
The Test Drive a Career section of the site includes videos from students, parents, working technicians, and employers about the opportunities of technician careers.
The site includes a FutureTech Resource Hub, connecting teens and parents to technical schools, certifications, internships, afterschool clubs and STEM programs starting in middle- and high school.
In addition, a scholarships section guides students and families to opportunities to apply for financial assistance to pursue a technician career.
Visit futuretechsuccess.org for more information about the potential and pathways to rewarding careers.


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AASA's Executive Consultants Can Help With School Turnarounds
by MARYANN JOBE
AASA's Executive Consultant Program provides the expertise of experienced education leaders and researchers to help novice and veteran superintendents alike deal with the tough issues they face today in school district management.
The association created the Executive Consultant Program in 2005 to offer services to members that they could not obtain elsewhere. The program is confidential and covers an array of topics that our membership has asked us for when situations arise.
AASA's newly released "The American School Superintendent: 2010 Decennial Study" reveals that more than 2,500 superintendent vacancies arise every year. Many of these positions are filled by novice district leaders, but the service also can benefit veteran superintendents.
Expertise Abounds
In a new position, you may ask yourself the question, "How do I work with a new school board that is seemingly divided politically?" Whether you are in your first year or your third superintendency, school boards differ widely.
John Conyers, a longtime superintendent in Illinois, has worked with AASA and member superintendents for several years, and his expertise in this area is phenomenal. He leads school boards and superintendents in the evaluation of their effectiveness as a team. A newcomer to the consultant program is Sharon Cox, whose expertise as a former school board president yields a unique blend of school system knowledge in policy and procedures and superintendent relationship building.
Both Conyers and Cox have been working this year on governance and policy issues with administrative teams and school boards across the country.
In addition to the governance structure expertise, AASA also offers consultants who can work with school districts on strategic planning and optimizing systemic thinking for a results-oriented system. Lee Jenkins, a former superintendent in California, has worked with school systems to develop organizational structures for increased staff and student performance. Jenkins wrote From Systems Thinking to Systemic Action, a book co-published by AASA, which we use to guide the work of the leadership development department.
In addition, the Executive Consultant Program can apply a range of knowledge in using the education criteria in the Baldrige program for performance excellence. Jay Bonstingl is a Baldrige examiner who holds workshops on the Baldrige in Education process. Daniel Domenech, AASA's executive director, sits on the Baldrige board at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Personal Mentoring
Another area we find moving swiftly across the education landscape is the idea of coaching and mentoring. Often, we enter into a school district where we find issues that appear to have been overlooked and need to be addressed.
Karla Reiss, founder of the Change Place, offers AASA members an opportunity to join her several times a year for a coaching retreat. We are seeing an increase in AASA participants, who often sign up for personal coaching after their initial workshop. We often hear from our members that they need a plan for retirement. Being a mentor and/or coach can be a fulfilling way to continue giving back to the education community.
One of our newer executive consultants is Darlene Merry. A retired assistant superintendent, she has expertise in organizational development and coaching aspiring leaders, which helps to keep the education pipeline flowing. We need to find qualified candidates to fill the impending void in school leadership. One of her clients, Kevin Burr, who is associate superintendent for secondary schools in Tulsa, Okla., considers the coaching experience with Merry one of the most influential and powerful experiences he's had as a professional.
"The right questions and the right framework for understanding the role of professional coaching are critical to the experience," Burr says. "Coaches and those they coach need both to value the time together from the outset. Coachees benefit best when they remain introspective throughout the experience. This is designed to be a critical — but not a negative — experience. It is something that I will never do without again."
AASA offers the Executive Consultant Program as a way to stay sharp in these difficult times. We have all seen that, because of the state of the economy, travel to meetings and conferences, in most circumstances, is not conducive for timely and rigorous professional development. Whether you are located in a large urban/suburban district or in a smaller rural one, these services can help hone your skills as a school system leader.
MaryAnn Jobe is director of leadership development at AASA. E-mail: mjobe@aasa.org

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Unfortunately Premature Jibulation at Sugarbowl had to be canceled this season due to scheduling and lack of snow. Fortunately the Premature Jibulation will still be going on at Boreal this Saturday the 29th.
Make your way over to Boreal this weekend for some good times, product toss, free hot dogs and early season shred.


text:
package com.rockerhieu.emojicon.slidingTab;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.graphics.Typeface;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.support.v4.content.res.ResourcesCompat;
import android.support.v4.view.ViewPager;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.DisplayMetrics;
import android.util.SparseArray;
import android.util.TypedValue;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.HorizontalScrollView;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.rockerhieu.emojicon.EmojisPagerAdapter;
import com.rockerhieu.emojicon.R;

/**
 * To be used with ViewPager to provide a tab indicator component which give constant feedback as to
 * the user's scroll progress.
 *

 * To use the component, simply add it to your view hierarchy. Then in your
 * {@link android.app.Activity} or {@link android.support.v4.app.Fragment} call
 * {@link #setViewPager(ViewPager)} providing it the ViewPager this layout is being used for.
 *

 * The colors can be customized in two ways. The first and simplest is to provide an array of colors
 * via {@link #setSelectedIndicatorColors(int...)}. The
 * alternative is via the {@link TabColorizer} interface which provides you complete control over
 * which color is used for any individual position.
 *

 */
public class SlidingTabLayout extends HorizontalScrollView {

    /**
     * Allows complete control over the colors drawn in the tab layout. Set with
     * {@link #setCustomTabColorizer(TabColorizer)}.
     */
    public interface TabColorizer {
        /**
         * @return return the color of the indicator used when {@code position} is selected.
         */
        int getIndicatorColor(int position);
    }

    protected static final int TITLE_OFFSET_DIPS = 24;
    protected static final int TAB_VIEW_PADDING_DIPS = 16;

    protected int mTitleOffset;
    protected int mTabWidth = -1;

    protected Context mContext;
    protected ViewPager mViewPager;
    protected SparseArray<String> mContentDescriptions = new SparseArray<String>();
    protected ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener mViewPagerPageChangeListener;
    protected final SlidingTabStrip mTabStrip;

    /**
     * Basic constructor
     * @param context - context in which tab layout is used
     */
    public SlidingTabLayout(Context context) {
        this(context, null);
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param context - context in which tab layout is used
     * @param attrs - attrs
     */
    public SlidingTabLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs, 0);
        mContext = context;
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param context  - context in which tab layout is used
     * @param attrs - attr
     * @param defStyle - style
     */
    public SlidingTabLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
        mContext = context;
        // Disable the visible Scroll Bar...
        setHorizontalScrollBarEnabled(false);
        // Make sure that the Tab Strips fills this View...
        setFillViewport(true);
        mTitleOffset = (int)(TITLE_OFFSET_DIPS * getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density);
        mTabStrip = new SlidingTabStrip(context);
        addView(mTabStrip, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
    }

    /**
     * Set the custom {@link TabColorizer} to be used.
     *
     * If you only require simple customization then you can use
     * {@link #setSelectedIndicatorColors(int...)} to achieve
     * similar effects.
     */
    public void setCustomTabColorizer(TabColorizer tabColorizer) {
        mTabStrip.setCustomTabColorizer(tabColorizer);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the width for the tabs.
     * @param width - width in pixels
     */
    public void setTabWidth(int width) {
        mTabWidth = width;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the colors to be used for indicating the selected tab. These colors are treated as a
     * circular array. Providing one color will mean that all tabs are indicated with the same color.
     */
    public void setSelectedIndicatorColors(int... colors) {
        mTabStrip.setSelectedIndicatorColors(colors);
    }

    /**
     * Set the {@link ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener}. When using {@link SlidingTabLayout} you are
     * required to set any {@link ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener} through this method. This is so
     * that the layout can update it's scroll position correctly.
     *
     * @see ViewPager#setOnPageChangeListener(ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener)
     */
    public void setOnPageChangeListener(ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener listener) {
        mViewPagerPageChangeListener = listener;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the associated view pager. Note that the assumption here is that the pager content
     * (number of tabs and tab titles) does not change after this call has been made.
     */
    public void setViewPager(ViewPager viewPager) {
        mTabStrip.removeAllViews();
        mViewPager = viewPager;
        if (viewPager != null) {
            viewPager.addOnPageChangeListener(new InternalViewPagerListener());
            populateTabStrip();
        }
    }

    /**
     * This method was custom added by Ivan, based on the post from
     * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28125794/slidingtablayout-with-icons-only/28134763#28134763
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    protected ImageView createDefaultImageView(Context context) {
        ImageView imageView = new ImageView(context);

        int padding = (int) (TAB_VIEW_PADDING_DIPS * getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density);
        imageView.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding);

        int width = (int) (getResources().getDisplayMetrics().widthPixels / mViewPager.getAdapter().getCount());
        imageView.setMinimumWidth(width);

        return imageView;
    }

    /**
     * Method which populates tab strip with icon tabs, which represent each page with icons.
     */
    private void populateTabStrip() {
        final EmojisPagerAdapter adapter = (EmojisPagerAdapter) mViewPager.getAdapter();
        final View.OnClickListener tabClickListener = new TabClickListener();
        View tabView;

        for (int i = 0; i < adapter.getCount(); i++) {
            ImageView tabIconView = null;

            /// Initialize tab view, get ImageView
            tabView = createDefaultImageView(getContext());
            if (ImageView.class.isInstance(tabView)) {
                tabIconView = (ImageView)tabView;
            }

            //Drawable draw = res.getDrawable(adapter.getDrawableId(i)); --> Deprecated
            Drawable draw = ResourcesCompat.getDrawable(getResources(), adapter.getDrawableId(i), null);

            /// Set icon for the tab...
            if (null != tabIconView) {
                tabIconView.setImageDrawable(draw);
                if (mViewPager.getCurrentItem() == i) {
                    tabIconView.setSelected(true);
                }
            }

            /// Create new layout parameters for this tab which is ImageView element...
            LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
            /// Set width for the element if its defined...
            if (0 < mTabWidth) {
                lp.width = mTabWidth;
            } else {
                lp.width = 0;
                lp.weight = 1;
            }
            /// Set layout parameters for this tab.
            tabView.setLayoutParams(lp);

            /// Attach on click listener and add tab to view...
            tabView.setOnClickListener(tabClickListener);
            mTabStrip.addView(tabView);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Currently not being used...
     * @param i - tab index
     * @param desc - description
     */
    public void setContentDescription(int i, String desc) {
        mContentDescriptions.put(i, desc);
    }

    /**
     * ...
     */
    @Override
    protected void onAttachedToWindow() {
        super.onAttachedToWindow();

        if (mViewPager != null) {
            scrollToTab(mViewPager.getCurrentItem(), 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Slide to tab.
     * @param tabIndex - tab to scroll to
     * @param positionOffset - current offset between pages
     */
    private void scrollToTab(int tabIndex, int positionOffset) {
        final int tabStripChildCount = mTabStrip.getChildCount();
        if (tabStripChildCount == 0 || tabIndex < 0 || tabIndex >= tabStripChildCount) {
            return;
        }

        View selectedChild = mTabStrip.getChildAt(tabIndex);
        if (selectedChild != null) {
            int targetScrollX = selectedChild.getLeft() + positionOffset;

            if (tabIndex > 0 || positionOffset > 0) {
                // If we're not at the first child and are mid-scroll, make sure we obey the offset
                targetScrollX -= mTitleOffset;
            }

            scrollTo(targetScrollX, 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * ...
     */
    private class InternalViewPagerListener implements ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener {
        private int mScrollState;

        @Override
        public void onPageScrolled(int position, float positionOffset, int positionOffsetPixels) {
            int tabStripChildCount = mTabStrip.getChildCount();
            if ((tabStripChildCount == 0) || (position < 0) || (position >= tabStripChildCount)) {
                return;
            }

            mTabStrip.onViewPagerPageChanged(position, positionOffset);

            View selectedTitle = mTabStrip.getChildAt(position);
            int extraOffset = (selectedTitle != null)
                    ? (int) (positionOffset * selectedTitle.getWidth())
                    : 0;
            scrollToTab(position, extraOffset);

            if (mViewPagerPageChangeListener != null) {
                mViewPagerPageChangeListener.onPageScrolled(position, positionOffset,
                        positionOffsetPixels);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int state) {
            mScrollState = state;

            if (mViewPagerPageChangeListener != null) {
                mViewPagerPageChangeListener.onPageScrollStateChanged(state);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onPageSelected(int position)
        {
            if (mScrollState == ViewPager.SCROLL_STATE_IDLE) {
                mTabStrip.onViewPagerPageChanged(position, 0f);
                scrollToTab(position, 0);
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < mTabStrip.getChildCount(); i++) {
                mTabStrip.getChildAt(i).setSelected(false);
            }

            mTabStrip.getChildAt(position).setSelected(true);

            if (mViewPagerPageChangeListener != null) {
                mViewPagerPageChangeListener.onPageSelected(position);
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * ...
     */
    private class TabClickListener implements View.OnClickListener {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            for (int i = 0; i < mTabStrip.getChildCount(); i++) {
                if (v == mTabStrip.getChildAt(i)) {
                    mViewPager.setCurrentItem(i);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The reading assignment I gave my C. S. Lewis class for yesterday was his magnificent sermon, "The Weight of Glory." As always, I went through with them some of Lewis's key passages, marveling at the way he chose to express the almost-inexpressible.
Looking it over again this morning, I thought I would highlight a section that didn't stand out to me as much yesterday but most certainly did this morning. Isn't that the way it is, whether reading someone like Lewis or or the Bible, that no matter how often you may have read it before, something new seems to come to the forefront?
I did mention to the class that there is a strong connection between what Lewis said about longings in this sermon and what he eventually wrote in his autobiography, Surprised by Joy.
Everything I've mentioned thus far I did bring out in class. The next part I didn't, and wish I had. Lewis says that men invent philosophies that try to fill in the vacuum in our lives, and that each one actually, without even realizing it, points back to the void that our longings seek to fill. They attempt to give earthly solutions to something eternal that is above and beyond the earth.
When they want to convince you that earth is your home, notice how they set about it. They begin by trying to persuade you that earth can be made into heaven, thus giving a sop to your sense of exile in earth as it is.
Next, they tell you that this fortunate event is still a good way off in the future, thus giving a sop to your knowledge that the fatherland is not here and now.
At present we are on the outside of the world, the wrong side of the door. We discern the freshness and purity of morning, but they do not make us fresh and pure. We cannot mingle with the splendours we see.
But all the leaves of the New Testament are rustling with the rumour that it will not always be so. Some day, God willing, we shall get in.
This is what awaits us: the very presence and essence of God and His heaven. The "rumour" is true.


Nigerian army officials have confirmed that they have recaptured the town of Chibok from Boko Haram. It is believed that local civilians collaborated with the army and helped soldiers retake the town last night.
Brigadier Olajide Olaleye, the Nigerian army spokesman, told Associated Press: "Chibok is firmly in the hands of the Nigerian army. Chibok is free. Secured."
The news marks a swift turn of events for Chibok after the town was overrun by Boko Haram on Thursday. Hundreds of the residents from town had already fled several months ago, due to the ongoing security problems in the north-eastern state.
Chibok gained world attention after 219 school girls were abducted from a school in Borno State in April. The Nigerian government struggled in recent months to locate the girls, despite the pressure of the Bring Back Our Girls media campaign.
With the loss of Chibok and the rebellion in Mubi, Boko Haram appear to have switched their attention from Borno State to making inroads in the neighbouring local state of Adamawa. The group have reportedly seized the towns of Hong, Yola, and Gombi.
Locals in Hong have reported that the Islamist fighters burnt down the local police station and killed several civilians. Aliyu Idi Hong, former Health Minister and a native of Hong, confirmed the small town had been taken by Boko Haram.
The three newly captured towns are of symbolic rather than strategic value to the group. They mark the latest development in the Islamist group's strategy to establish an Islamic state in north-east Nigeria.
Based in the thick Sambisa Forest near the Cameroonian border, the group have killed thousands in a terror campaign which started in 2009. Led by the eccentric Abubakar Shekau, Boko Haram was designated a terror organisation by the US in 2013.


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Accepted Scientific Name: Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Lem. ex K.Schum.) K.Schum.
This is the southern form of the species, the plants are much larger with larger, highly textured, triangulate tubercles, and a deep purple flower with little or no white content. This species start flowering when still young.
Origin and Habitat: Mexico, Ariocarpus koschoubeyanus is widely distributed as a large number of small, isolated populations in a big area extending over 600 km, from central Coahuila in the north to Queretaro in the south, and the species is also found in the states of Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. The "elephantidens" is the southern form of the species.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Lem. ex K.Schum.) K.Schum.
Anhalonium fissipedum Hort.Monv. ex Lem.
Anhalonium kotschoubeyanum Lem. ex K.Schum.
Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus var. albiflorus Backeb.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus f. cristatus hort.
Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus f. cristata hort.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus var. elephantidens f. cristata hort.
Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus subs. macdowellii Backeb.
Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus var. macdowellii (Backeb.) Backeb.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus f. monstruosus hort.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus f. mostruosus proliferus hort.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus f. rubra hort.
Description: Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus are very flat geophyte cactus that produce small star-shaped rosettes. They in most cases don't reach more than only a few centimetres above the ground. Although they can form clumps, often only a small disc of tubercles can be seen flat at the soil surface, however these plants grow a large tap root below the surface of the compost.
Remarks: The southerly form ( known as A. kotschoubeyanus var. elephantendens) are much larger with larger, highly textured, triangulate tubercles, and a deep purple flower with little or no white content.
Stem: Usually solitary, rarely giving rise to side shoots from old areoles, flattened on top, depressed centrally.
Tubercles: The tubercles are deltoid dark olive green with no spines and lie flat on the soil surface. They are more long than wide, closely packed and divergent, sharply angled apically.
Areoles: The tubecles forms a central longitudinal areolar groove extending to the tips on the adaxial surfaces of the tubercles, woolly, 1-3 mm wide, 5-10 mm long.
Flowers: These plants have a woolly crown, from which emerge bright pink-violet flowers up to 2.5-5 cm, 2 times wider than long when fully expanded. Flowers are diurnal and last for 3 to 4 days. The white-flowered variety was described as var. albiflorus.
Fruits: White or green with lots of seed.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Lem. ex K.Schum.) K.Schum.: Very flat geophyte cactus that produce small star-shaped rosettes. They in most cases don't reach more than only a few centimetres above the ground. The type species is intermediate between all the other forms and is to be found off highway 80, between El Huisache Junction and Santo Domingo.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subs. albiflorus (Backeb.) Glass: This is a small growing form with white flowers described in Tamaulipas.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus f. cristatus hort.: The crested form is and can get relatively large making a spectacular specimen. The appeal lies in the peculiarly-shaped tubercles plus the challenge of growing it successfully.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus var. elephantidens Skarupke: Southerly form.They are much larger than type with larger, highly textured, triangulate tubercles, and a deep purple flower with little or no white content.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus var. elephantidens f. cristata hort.: crested form with distinguishing much larger and highly textured, triangulate tubercles.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus var. macdowellii (Backeb.) Krainz: This are the plants found in northern populations, they are smaller than the type, with small beak-like tubercles and pale mauve flowers, often with a high white content in the outer petals.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus f. monstruosus hort.: It foms monstrous bumped shapes, it is very courfull, the epidermis is dark green and contrasts with the large white areoles and new purple-red growth.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus f. mostruosus proliferus hort.: It is a very proliferous form with thin dark heads covered with tiny contrasting white woolly areole. Older plants will produce small cushions with hundreds of heads.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus f. rubra hort.: has tubercles of a bright orange-red colour due to the absence (or reduced production) of chlorophyll pigments.
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subs. sladkovskyi Halda & Horáček: Differs from the other red flowering A. kotschoubeyanus (that have a dull and rough epidermis) for having a smoother and shiny epidermis.
Cultivation and Propagation: The plants need deep pots to accommodate the napiform unit formed by the stem base and the rootstock , and a loose mineral soil with a well-drained substrate. They need a good amount of light, a place near the roof of the greenhouse helps drying the pot after watering. This can be done weekly during summertime, if the weather is sunny enough, with a little fertilizer added. Kept this way, plants will show a healthy, although slow growth. They are frost hardy to -10°C.
Propagation: By seeds, remembering that seedlings dislike strong light and dry conditions and need to be repotted frequently. Eventually, as they become mature, they attain a maximum size of 5 to 9 cm. But plants are often grafted to accelerate growth as they would generally take at least a decade to reach maturity on their own, but the grafted plants are typical rather tall growing, compared with plants on their own roots that are usually very flat to the ground.


text:
ANNE BETHEL SPENCER
Cultural importance:
Anne Spencer was a poet, a civil rights activist, a teacher, librarian, wife and mother, and a gardener.
More than thirty of her poems were published in her lifetime, making her an important figure of the black literary and cultural movement of the 1920s—the Harlem Renaissance—and only the second African American poet to be included in the Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry (1973).
Noted for verse preoccupied with biblical and mythological themes, as well as those of her garden and nature, Spencer shared intellectual respect and repartee with such notables as James Weldon Johnson, who first discovered her poetic talents in 1919, Langston Hughes, W.E.B. DuBois, Countee Cullen, Sterling A. Brown, Marian Anderson, Paul Robeson, Thurgood Marshall, Zora Neal Hurston, Mary McLeod Bethune, Adam Clayton Powell, Claude McKay, George Washington Carver, H.L. Mencken, Amaza Lee Meredith, Gwendolyn Brooks, and the Rev. Martin Luther King.
In addition to her writing, Spencer helped to found the Lynchburg Chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). She was also the librarian at the all-black Dunbar High School, a position she held for 20 years. Here she supplemented the original three books by bringing others from her own collection at home, as well as those provided by her employer, the all-white Jones Memorial Library. She spent much of her time writing and serving on local committees to improve the legal, social, and economic aspects of African Americans' lives.
Amidst the troubled, segregated times in which she lived, Anne Spencer sought refuge in her garden and in the cottage, Edankraal, which her husband Edward built for her in the garden behind their home. The name Edankraal combines Edward and Anne and kraal, the Afrikaans word for enclosure or corral. Here she could lose herself in her flowers and creativity, and work into the wee hours of the morning.
The results of Spencer's contemplative time in her garden and the cottage garnered her literary success as well as regard from the intellectual community of the 1920s. The Spencer home on Pierce Street became a salon for many intellectuals who visited regularly, and for African American travelers, who found hospitality at the Spencer home when laws of segregation barred them from hotels.
Biographical Overview:
Anne Spencer was born Annie Bethel Scales Bannister to Joel Cephus Bannister and Sarah Louise Scales on February 6, 1882, on a farm in Henry County, Virginia. Both parents were of mixed lineage. Her father, born a slave in Henry County in 1862, was of black, white, and Seminole Indian ancestry. Her mother was born about 1866 on the Rock Spring Plantation in Critz, Virginia in neighboring Patrick County. According to Spencer's biographer J. Lee Greene, Sarah Louise Scales was born to her mother who was a former slave and her father a wealthy Virginia aristocrat, "well known in American aristocracy."
Soon after Spencer was born, the family moved to Martinsville, where her father opened a saloon. Within a few years, the parents separated, and her mother took Annie to Bramwell, West Virginia, where she eventually placed Annie in the foster care of William Dixie and his wife, a prominent black couple. Then, in 1893, seeking formal education for her daughter, Scales enrolled the eleven-year-old Annie in the Virginia Theological Seminary and College (now Virginia University of Lynchburg).
Although Annie left Bramwell barely literate, when she graduated six years later in 1899, she delivered the valedictory address. While in school, Annie had met Edward Alexander Spencer of Lynchburg, a fellow student, who tutored her in math and sciences while she helped him with languages. Edward would later become Lynchburg's first parcel postman, which he combined with his other entrepreneurial talents in construction and business. Anne and Edward married in 1901 and two years later moved into the Queen Anne style home Edward had designed and built for them at 1313 Pierce Street.
The couple had three children*: Bethel Calloway, Alroy Sarah, and a son, Chauncey Edward. Later there were ten grandchildren, and the Pierce Street home was expanded and enhanced to receive and accommodate their frequent visits.
Chauncey Spencer was an important figure in his own right as a pioneer aviator, a career proudly encouraged by Anne and Edward Spencer. His flight suit and his story are part of the Black Wings Exhibit in the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum in Washington, D. C. and the Virginia Aviation Hall of Fame. His retirement home at 1306 Pierce Street, also a Virginia Historic Landmark, is across the street from his childhood home. Click here for more information.
Anne Spencer died at the age of 93 on July 27, 1975 and is buried alongside her husband Edward, who died in 1964, in the family plot at Forest Hills Cemetery in Lynchburg.
The house and garden were designated a Virginia Historic Landmark in 1976, and also a Friends of the Library USA Literary Landmark, and a Historic Landmark by the Association for the Study for Afro-American Life and History. The Spencer House and Garden is included on the National Register of Historic Places.
Anne Spencer's papers, books and photographs are archived in the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. A small collection of her papers were collected from Carl Van Veckten after James Weldon Johnson's death and are held in the collection at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven. CT. Papers, photographs, and documentation concerning the restoration of the Spencer garden are in the possession of the Southern Memorial Association at the Old City Cemetery, Lynchburg, Virginia.
*Anne and Edward Spencer had three children, ten grandchildren, and fourteen great grandchildren:
1) Bethel Calloway ("Teen") Spencer married Robert (Bob) Stevenson
two daughters:
1) Ann Bethel ("Billie") Stevenson
2) Barbara Ann ("Bobbie") Stevenson
2) Alroy Sarah Spencer married first Rawley W. Long, and second, Judge Francis Rivers
3) Chauncey Edward Spencer married Anna Mae Howard
eight children:
1) Edward Alexander Spencer
2) Carol Ann Spencer
3) Michael Stephen Spencer
4) Lu Juan Stephanie Spencer
5) Chauncey Edward Spencer
6) Joel Cephus Bannister Spencer
7) Shaun Suz'an Spencer
8) Kyle O'Shaunnesy Marietta Spencer
Time's Unfading Garden
Anne Spencer's Life and Poetry
by J. Lee Greene
Louisiana State University Press, 1977
Anne Spencer: "Ah, how poets sing and die!"
A collection of her poetry with commentary
by Nina V. Salmon
Warwick House Publishing, 2001
Half My World
The Garden of Anne Spencer
A History and Guide
by Rebecca T. Frischkorn and Reuben M. Rainey
Anne Spencer Revisited
A Companion to the Film by Keith Lee
Edited by Beth Packert
Photography by Susan Saandholland
Blackwell Press, 2008
Lessons Learned from a Poet's Garden
by Jane Baber White
Contributed by Jane B. White
BOOKS in which ANNE SPENCER is featured or receives
significant recognition after her death.
Who is Chauncey Spencer?
by Chauncey E. Spencer
Broadside Press, 1975
Lynchburg, An Architectural History
by S. Allen Chambers, Jr.
photography by Richard Cheek
University Press of Virginia, 1981
Literature, An Introduction to Reading and Writing,
by Edgar V. Roberts and Henry e. Jacobs. 2nd., ed
Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1989, 1987)
American Garden Writing
Gleanings from Garden Lives Then and Now
Edited by Bonnie Marranca
"The Restoration of a Poet's Garden"
PAJ Publications, 1988
The Heirloom Garden
Selecting and Growing over 300 Old-Fashioned Ornamentals
by JoAnn Gardner
Storey Communications, Inc., 1992
Gardens and Landscapes of Virginia
Text by Rudy J. Favretti, F.A.S.L.A.
Fort Church Publishers, Inc., 1993
Emyl Jenkins' Southern Hospitality
Photographs by Walter Smalling, Jr.
Crown Publishers, Inc., 1994
Grandmother's Garden
The Old-Fashioned American Garden 1865—1915
by Mae Brawley Hill
Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1995
Her Past Around Us
Interpreting Sites for Women's History
Edited by Polly Welts Kaufman and Katherine T. Corbett
Krieger Publishing Company, 2003
Lynchburg 100: An Illustrated Guide to Lynchburg Landmarks
by S. Allen Chambers and Nancy B. Marion
Additional Periodicals & Publications
The New York Times, Home & Garden. (Feb. 5, 2014) House Proud. The Life of a Poet Allergic to Endings by Penelope Green.
The Washington Post (July 28, 2014) Where the Harlem Renaissance blossomed in Virginia, with poet Anne Spencer by Adrian Higgins.
In Whose Garden Did the Harlem Renaissance Grow?100 Amazing Facts About the Negro: How segregation, soil and poetic talent nurtured a movement. Gates, Henry Louise. Roots.com Posted: Sept. 15 2014
Afro-American Women Writers 1746-1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide (1989) Shockley, Ann Allen, New Haven, Connecticut: Meridian Books ISBN 0-452-00981-2
With Head and Heart: The Autobiography of Howard Thurman, Thurman, Howard. Chicago:Harvest/HBJ Book, 1981. ISBN 0-15-697648-X
Shadowed Dreams: Women's Poetry of the Harlem Renaissance, Rutgers; 2 Rev Exp edition (October 25, 2006). ISBN 0-8135-3886-
Reuben, Paul P. " Chapter 9: Harlem Renaissance - Anne Spencer" in PAL:Perspectives in American Literature - A Research and Reference Guide.
The Vintage Book of African American Poetry, Edited and with Introduction by Michael S. Harper & Anthony Walton.Copyright 2000. Vintage Books, Random House Ind., New York.ISBN 0-375-70300-7
The Oxford Companion to Women's Writing in the United States. Ed. Cathy N. Davidson, Linda Wagner-Martin.New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Copyright © 1995 by Oxford University Press.
Anne Spencer's poetry is included in the following anthologies and publications
between 1888 and until her death in 1975.
The American Commonwealth. NY. Macmillan and Company. (1888)
The Colored American Magazine (August, 1900)
The Colored American Magazine (September, 1900)
The Souls of Black Folk. Dubois, W.E.B.. Chicago, ILL. A.C.McClurg and Company. (1903)
The Sport of the Gods. Dunbar, Paul Lawrence. NY. Dodd, Mead and Company. (1907)
Crises Magazine, I (November 1910)
Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, 1889-1918. NY. NAACP. (1919)
Negro Year Book, 1917-1918, 1918-1919. Work, Monroe N. Tuskeegee Institute, Alabama. Negro Year Book Publishing. (1919)
Crises Magazine, XIX (February, 1920)
The Book of American Negro Poetry, Johnson, James Weldon. NY. Harcourt, Brace and Company. (1922)
A Short Memoir of Terence MacSwiney. Dublin. The Talbot Press. Limited. (1922)
The Book of American Negro Poetry. p.22. Edited by James Weldon Johnson. The Liberator. White, Walter. (April 1922)
Crises Magazine, A Record of the Darker Races, XXV(March, 1923)
Negro Poets and Their Poems, Kerlin, Robert T. Washington, DC. Associated publishers, Inc. (1923)
American Poetry Since 1900. NY. Untermeyer, Louis. H. Holt and Company. (1923)
An Anthology of Verse by American Negroes. White, Newman I., and Jackson, W.C., eds. Durham, NC: Trinity Press. (1924)
The New Negro, Alain Locke. (1925)
Caroling Dusk:Anthology of Verse by Negro Poets, Cullen, Countee. (1925)
Palms, IV (October, 1926)
The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain. Nation. CXXII. p. 692- 694. Hughes, Langston. (June 23, 1926)
Ebony and Topaz: A Collectanea. NY: National Urban League, (1927)
The Poetry of the Negro, Hughes, Langston
Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, V (December, 1927)
Die Woche, Berlin Germany. (Jan. 12,1929)
Southern Road. NY. Harcourt, Brace and Company. (1932)
"Introduction" Letters of Madame de Savigne to her daughter and her Friends. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul, Limited. (1937)
Negro Poetry and Drama. The Associates in Negro Folk Education. Washington, DC. Brown, Sterling Allen. (1937)
The Negro Caravan, Brown, Sterling A. (1941)
Twentieth Century Authors: A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Literature. Kunitz, Stanley J., and Haycroft, Howard,eds. NY. H.H.Wilson, Co. (1942)
Black Boy: A Record of Childhood and Youth. 3rd ed. NY. Wright, Richard. Harper and Brothers Publishers. [1937] (1945)
Dos Siglos De Poesia Norteamericana Poetas Blancos Y Negros De Los EE.UU. Casey, Alfredo, ed and trans. Buenos, Aires, Argentinia:Editorial Claridad. (1947)
Bontemps, Arna. (1948)
A Treasury of Writings from the First Voyages to the Present. NY. E.P. Dutton. (1948)
Not Without Honor: The Life and Writings of Olive Schreiner. London. Hutchinson and Company, Limited. Buchanan-Gould, Vera. (1949)
Letters from Madame La Marquise de Sevigne. "Preface." London. Maugham, William Somerset.Secker and Warbug. (1955)
Letters from Madame La Marquise de Sevigne. London. Hammersley, Violet, ed. and trans. Secker and Warbug. (1955)
Independent African: John Chilembre and the Origins, Settings and Significance of the Nyasaland Native rising of 1915. Shepperson, George, and Price, Thomas. Edinburg, Scottland:University of Edinburg Press. (1958)
Review of Selected Poems by Gwendolyn Brooks. Book Week.Simpson, Louis. p.25. (October 27, 1963)
Roots of Negro Racial Consciousness, the 1920's: Three Harlem Renaissance Authors. NY:Libra Publishers,Inc. Johnson, Cullen Mc Kay (1964)
La Poesie Negro Americaine, Hughes, Langston. Paris, Seghers (1966)
Along This way: The Autobiography of James Weldon Johnson. NY. The Viking Press [1933](1968)
White Over Black:American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812. Jordan, Winthrop D. Chapel Hill, NC. University of North Carolina. (1968)
Catalogue of Virginia Seminary and College: Announcements for 1967-1968, 1968-1969.
"Grape and Grape Culture." Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. XIII. (1969)
Cavalcade: Negro American Writing from 1760 to the Present. Davis, Arthur P. and Redding, Saunders. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company (1971)
Dim Footprints along a Hazardous Trail. Edmunds, Murrell. NY. A.S.Barnes and Company. (1971)
The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman. NY. Dial Press. (1971)
Harlem Renaissance. NY. Huggins, Nathan Irvin. Oxford university Press (1971)
"Coal Country: The Rise of the Southern Smokeless Coal Industry and Its Effect on Area Development, 1892-1910."Unpublished Ph.D dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (1971)
The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry. Ellman, Richard, and O'Clair, Robert, eds. NY. W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. (1973) Note: Anne Spencer was the first Virginian and first African -American woman to be included.
The Correspondence of W.E.B. Dubois:Vol.I, Selections, 1877-1934.Amherst, Mass.:University of Massachusetts Press (1973)
Black Poets of the United States from Paul Laurence Dunbar to Langston Hughes. Translated by Kenneth Douglas. Urbana, ILL.:University of Illinois Press. (1973)
Anne Spencer's collection of papers and books are held at the following libraries.
University of Virginia, Albert & Shirley Smalls Special Collections Library. Charlottesville, VA
Yale University, The Carl van Vechten Collection, Collection of American Literature. The Beinecke rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Yale University, James Weldon Johnson Memorial Collection of Negro Arts and Letters, Collection of American Literature. The Beinecke rare Book and manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven Connecticut.
University of Michigan. The Chauncey Spencer Papers. Bentley Historical Library. University of Michigan Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Submitted by Shaun Spencer-Hester
Rev.12/2015.
1313 Pierce Street • Lynchburg, Virginia 24501 • 434-845-1313 • The Garden Conservancy provides preservation assistance to the Anne Spencer garden


text:
Q: Is there a better way to handle exceptions ? try-catch block is really ugly I read this and find out it's important to handle exceptions, i use nlohmann::json (from github) and nearly in most of my member functions is use nlohmann::json::parse and nlohmann::json::dump which make a chance to throw exceptions if the input has a problem.
So I need to handle those chance of throwing exception something like this:
bool my_class::function(const std::string& input) const
try
{
    using namespace nlohmann;

    const auto result = json::parse(input);
    const auto name = result["name"].dump();

    /* and ... */
}
catch (const std::exception& e)
{
    /* handle exception */
}

But i want to know which line of the code throw exception, so if i write something like this:
bool my_class::function(const std::string& input) const
{
    using namespace nlohmann;

    try
    {
        const auto result = json::parse(input);
    }
    catch(const std::exception& e)
    {
        /* handle exception */
    }

    try
    {
        const auto name = result["name"].dump();
    }
    catch(const std::exception& e)
    {
        /* handle exception */
    }

    /* and ... */
}

It left me with thousands of try-catch blocks. It's a better why to handle exception ?

A: I would go like this:
set a "sequence pointer" to keep the record of where/what are you trying to parse, like with a string with the pattern trying to parse a... so you can know/notify where exactly was the faulty element in the json.
look in the example below, if "name is faulty, then r is holding the value "trying to parse name" so in the exception you have the information about what json element is causing the problem :)
bool my_class::function(const std::string& input) const
{
    std::string r{""};
    try
    {
        using namespace nlohmann;
        r="trying to parse input";
        const auto result = json::parse(input);

        r="trying to parse name";
        const auto name = result["name"].dump();

        r="trying to parse age";
        const auto age = result["age"].dump();

        /* and ... */
    }
    catch (const std::exception& e)
    {
        /* handle exception */
    }
}

A: As you might have noticed, C++ doesn't have this information available. @ΦXocę웃Пepeúpaツ provides some good workaround.
Let me provide some other point of view, as an end-user of your program, I'm not interested in the line of code on which the program failed. Either the JSON I'm providing is correct or it's incorrect. In the second case, I want to know what I need to do in order to fix the JSON. Looking at the code defining the exceptions, this looks really detailed.
The moment you are interested in it is when you wrote a bug in your program and you are getting unexpected errors. At that point in time, you better attach a debugger to your program and step through it while breaking on the throw of any exception. This will give you not only the line number, though also all information available on the stack ...
I can recommend writing unit tests on your code, so you have small pieces of code that you have to debug. Ideally, you can even reduce the failure case to a new unit test if you still encounter an uncovered bug in your program.
Finally, the argument of performance. Having more details requires to collect more details. This collecting comes at a cost. In other programming languages, like Java, you can ask a call stack to your exception, in C++, exceptions are at its bare minimum. Although keeping track of a line number might not be that expensive, it does require extra assembly instructions that ain't needed for your end-user.
In short, the language doesn't provide a convenient way to get the line number. This because there are better ways to get this information and much more: your debugger.


text:
NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations Announced
NEEMO aquanaut performing extra-vehicular activity (EVA) outside the Aquarius undersea laboratory. Image credit: NASA
From October 17-29, 2011, the crew of NEEMO 15 will leave the comforts of surface life, and immerse themselves in an undersea world of adventure. This will not be a vacation, as nearly every moment of their 13-day mission will be filled with tests and operations, designed to help NASA understand the factors relevant to actual space missions.
Primary objectives are to test the equipment and operational concepts needed for exploration to near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). This near-zero gravity environment presents a unique challenge where anchoring, tethering, and translating devices will be necessary for surface operations.
Manned deepwater submersibles acting as Space Exploration Vehicles (SEVs) will interact with Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA) crewmembers to test the efficiency of different operations:
* NEA attachment/translation/sampling methods/instrument deployment,
* One SEV vs. none vs. two SEVs on effectiveness/efficiency,
* SEV & EVA crew interactions; tethered, robotic arm, foot restraints,
* Effects of crew size (3 vs. 4) on effectiveness/efficiency, and
* Suit center of gravity (CG)/mass/gravity level research to optimize for flexible missions.
Engineering tests were conducted May 9-13, 2011, at Aquarius. The NEEMO support team performed surface dives to configure and lay out test sites, including a rock wall. All communication systems were tested and preparations made for the main October mission.
NASA astronaut and former International Space Station crew member Shannon Walker will lead the 15th expedition of NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO), a13-day undersea mission aboard the Aquarius Underwater Laboratory near Key Largo, Fla.
Aquarius is owned by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and operated by the University of North Carolina, Wilmington.
The NEEMO crew also includes Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Takuya Onishi and Canadian Space Agency astronaut David Saint-Jacques. They are members of the 2009 NASA astronaut class. Rounding out the crew is Steven Squyres of Cornell University, James Talacek and Nate Bender of the University of North Carolina, Wilmington. Squyres is the scientific principal investigator for the Mars Exploration Rover Project. Talacek and Bender are professional aquanauts.
In addition, NASA astronauts Stan Love, Richard Arnold and Mike Gernhardt, all veteran spacewalkers, will participate in the NEEMO mission from the DeepWorker submersible, which they will pilot. The DeepWorker is a small submarine used as an underwater stand-in for the Space Exploration Vehicle, which might someday be used to explore the surface of an asteroid.
Jeremy Hansen and Jeanette Epps, members of the 2009 astronaut class, are the capsule communicators for the mission. Hansen is from the Canadian Space Agency, and Epps from NASA.
NEEMO 15 will be the first of the undersea missions to simulate a visit to an asteroid. In May, a team of aquanauts set the stage for the tests by working through some of the concepts in an effort to improve efficiency.
"NEEMO 15 will require complex choreography between the submarines and aquanauts living and working in their undersea home," said Bill Todd, NEEMO project manager. "Researching the challenges of exploring an asteroid surface in the undersea realm will be exciting for fans of exploration pioneers Cousteau and Armstrong alike."
NEEMO 15 will investigate three aspects of a mission to an asteroid: how to anchor to the surface; how to move around; and how best to collect data. Unlike the moon or Mars, an asteroid would have little, if any, gravity to hold astronauts or vehicles, so an anchor will be necessary.
NEEMO 15 will evaluate different anchoring methods and how to connect the multiple anchors to form pathways. The aquanauts and engineers will evaluate different strategies for deploying instruments and moving along a surface without gravity.
For more information about NEEMO and links to follow the mission on Facebook and Twitter, visit:
http://www.nasa.gov/neemo
For more information about NASA field tests, visit:
http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/analogs
Posted by: Soderman/NLSI Staff
Electrostatic Dust Transport Reshapes Surfaces of Airless Planetary Bodies
Scientists shed light on a number of unusual phenomena on the surfaces of airless planetary bodies.
The largest impact feature on the Moon is not one of the prominent "seas" that face the Earth, but the huge SPA Basin on the farside.


text:
A Case of You, direct from the Edinburgh Fringe
BY Caught & Spark Productions | 05-Sep-2016
Direct from their appearance at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival as part of the #madeinadelaide campaign, A Case of You: The Music of Joni Mitchell featuring Deborah Brennan, Max Garcia-Underwood and Chris Neale plays as part of the Melbourne Fringe Festival at The Butterfly Club between September 26 – Oct 2.
Venue: The Butterfly Club
Address: 5 Carson Place, Melbourne
Date: 27-09-2016 - 02-10-2016
Ticket: $25-$32
Buy / Ticket: https://thebutterflyclub.com/show/a-case-of-you-the-music-of-joni-mitchell
: https://www.facebook.com/CaseOfYou2016/
EMail: deborah.brennan83@gmail.com
Call: 0405637280
A Case of You, photo credit: D Cann
Justin Trudeau. Maple Syrup. Moose. Admit it, there's a little bit of love for Canada in all of us. So, after a sell out season at the 2016 Adelaide Fringe Festival South Australian songbird Deborah Brennan is bringing her love for Canada's greatest songwriter Joni Mitchell to the stage for one week of performances in the Melbourne Fringe Festival.
The success of the show lies not only in the interpretation of the iconic songs, but also in the commentary that ties these songs together. It's not just about "old songs in new lungs". The show is an intimate portrayal of Joni's biggest works, sprinkled with stories along the way where Brennan reveals the influence certain songs have had in her own life. It's the narrative that helps make the show more accessible to the audience.
The show was featured in Australian music icon Marcia Hines' top picks for the 2016 Adelaide Fringe Festival.
- "The show is a great success...the performers do not shy away from investing themselves fully in their work." ★★★★ (Rip it Up)
- "Beautiful to watch and beautiful to listen to" ★★★★ (The Clothesline)
- "Give in to your own 'urge for going' and experience the raw emotional power of this performance" ★★★★ (The Upside News)
- "Her interpretations are superb. Any fan of Joni Mitchell will want to see this" (Broadway World)


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LEAVE AND ATTENDANCE Amendment 2019 and Special Ca...
Army officers revised pay structure Opportunity fo...
Railways - Revision of pension/family pension - Cu...
Army officers revised pay structure Opportunity for revision
Posted by Government Staff on 7:52 AM. Army Officers Pay Rules,Army officers revised pay structure,Defence,MOD - No comments
GoI, MoD vide letter No. 1(29)/2017/ D(Pay/Services) dated 06/08/2019 has extended the provisions of Para 3 and 4 of MoF, Department of Expenditure OM No. 4-23/17- IC/E-III dated 12/12/2018 to Defence Personnel regarding exercising of option to come over to the revised pay structure.
Army Officers who have already exercised their option to come over to the revised pay structure as notified by the Pay Rules/Regulations 2017, shall be permitted to revise their initial option in terms of Rules 5 and 6 thereof.
The revised option shall be exercised within a period of one hundred and eighty days from the date of issue of MoD orders i.e. upto 01/02/2020. The option exercised in terms of these orders shall be final and shall not be liable to any further change under any circumstances. All other terms and conditions laid down in the said Rules 5 and 6 of Pay Rules/Regulations 2017 shall continue to be applicable.
Army Officers who have already exercised their option to come over to the revised pay structure from 01/01/2016 itself or in whose case the revised pay structure took effect from 01/01/2016 and who re-exercise their option under these orders to come over to the revised pay structure from a date subsequent to 01/01/2016 as per Rule 5 of the Pay Rules/Regulations, the arrears on account of revised pay already drawn by them from 01/01/2016 upto the date from which they opt to come over to the revised pay structure shall be recovered.


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PSNI proposed new spectrum to modernise comms
Europe Critical Communications Today Spectrum Policy Public Safety
Most read, Broadband
Regulator Ofcom has announced proposals to make additional spectrum available for use by the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) to install new technology
Critical Communications Today
The spectrum proposed by Ofcom will enable new technology that will modernise the PSNI's communication systems. Ofcom said it would make 2x3 MHz of the 700 MHz band and 2x4 MHz in the 800/900 MHz bands available for use by the PSNI. These bands are currently unused in Northern Ireland, and Ofcom said it believed that "alternative uses in these bands are unlikely".
The PSNI manages its own radio communications network named Barracuda which supports approximately 20,000 users, including the police, fire and ambulance services. The existing PSNI network has a limited data capability and cannot match the bandwidth offered by modern mobile communications technology and the service said it is "seeking to transition to new technology to enable fast, safe and secure communications for use in live situations and emergencies".
A spokesperson for PSNI said "it does not consider sharing a commercial network to be a viable option" and that "it needs a spectrum allocation that can support a wide area network to support modern mobile solutions".
In 2018, PSNI awarded Capita the contract to provide its new command and control system. The solution - ControlWorks - has been installed across PSNI's three regional contact management centres as part of a seven-year contract and will be integrated with the new spectrum.
Author: Richard Hook
Critical Communications Today is dedicated to the global critical communications market. It aims to inspire and inform the critical communications community and is published with the support of TCCA. Initially launched in 2010 as TETRA Today, this publication provides technical advice, authoritative editorial and commentary spanning all areas of mission-critical comms.
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Mowing is most common outdoor chore, but it may be the one maintenance activity you don't mind taking on yourself. But you can reclaim your free time and allow Lawn Lad to manage it with our Weekly Service Visits. We offer a package deal that includes mowing, edging, line trimming and debris cleanup. While we're on your property, we'll perform other necessary services you request.
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71, of Kahului, Maui, died under the care of Islands Hospice on February 6, 2018. He was born in Naarvacan, Ilocos Sur, Philippines. Visitation: 6:00-9:00 p.m. on Friday, March 2, 2018 at Norman's Mortuary. Mass: 9:30 a.m. on Saturday, March 3 at Christ the King Catholic Church. Burial: 11:30 a.m. at Valley Isle Memorial Park Cemetery, Haiku.


Material: Polyblend and lace details. Material not stretchable.
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In late 2015, San Diego first responders began receiving calls regarding individuals experiencing seizures, vomiting and violent psychotic episodes within the downtown area.
Although these types of calls are not unique, the sheer number of paramedic responses and the centralized nature of the calls raised alarm bells for public health. Increased incidents were occurring among the homeless population located in and around C Street and portions of Hillcrest.
What could be causing these high numbers of severe physical symptoms?
It turns out that a synthetic cannabinoid known as "spice" or "K2" was the culprit. Synthetic cannabinoids in lay terms are man-made research chemicals developed in warehouses overseas that are then smuggled into the United States. These chemicals were never meant for human consumption. Rather, they were created to develop an artificial version of cannabinoids similar to the ones in pot. These chemicals are sometimes 100 times more potent than the THC in pot.
Spice is often sold in smoke shops, liquor stores and corner markets with names like purple haze, oblivion and K2.
As law enforcement, medical professionals and affected businesses rallied together for solutions, data were being collected on the recurring incidents to show where resources were most needed. First responder and community liaisons were on hand to gather important information on "frequent flyers" — those individuals who needed multiple transports — to try to figure out the source. Many of these individuals needed more than five transports in a single month, taxing the already overburdened system.
The City of San Diego had a unique opportunity to utilize their information and patient data collection system as well as the newly created EMS community liaison position, a medical professional, social worker, community advisor and investigator all in one. With the proper tools in place Dr. James Dunford, the City Medical Director, began mapping the areas most affected and worked with collaborative partners from local hospitals to make them aware of patients' spice history. This allowed proper prevention and treatment resources to be directly accessed at the time of the medical evaluation and aid law enforcement in identifying access points.
This kind of data sharing before a patient gets to the emergency room can be the difference between life and death, particularly when an individual is unresponsive and unable to answer questions pertaining to their condition. As the number of collaborative partners grew and the areas affected were mapped, targeted prevention efforts in and around affected malls, shopping areas and MTS transit stops were being created. Media events highlighting the issues were schedule and the city began to look for political remedies.
Although the poisonings occurred for weeks, a slow downward trend in transports started to occur as the city was successful in passing an ordinance to address Spice access. Ongoing and new collaboration between key sectors of the community continues. Also, the EMS data collection system proved to be an integral part of understanding the scope of the issue. As new chemicals are created every day, these data-informed collaborative types of interventions will become increasingly important to understanding, addressing and preventing the life-threatening consequences of the next drug trend.
For more information regarding the drug spice visit www.mpisdcounty.net.


Maschio is to launch a range of mounted reversible ploughs for tractors from 120hp to 300hp at the Cereals Event.
Although the company had ploughs in its line-up for a number of years, until now it has not sold them in Britain. However with uncertainty surrounding a number of key brands in the market, there has been interest from Maschio dealers and customers wanting a range of ploughs that will stand the test of time.
Importer OPICO feels that a plough is the logical thing to bring in to complete the Maschio tillage range. As the cornerstone of the cultivation line-up, it compliments existing Maschio products, adding to its successful lines of power harrows, rotavators and drills.
The decision was facilitated by Maschio Gaspardo buying a controlling share of Moro Pietro Meccanica, an Italian plough specialist. This investment in manufacturing infrastructure, plough technology and R&D expertise confirms Maschio's commitment to the plough for the long term.
As regards the line-up, various different three to six furrow models are available with mechanical or hydraulically variable working width adjustment and either shear-bolt or hydro-pneumatic auto-reset obstacle protection.
There are two model ranges. The UNICO M is the mid-range line suitable for tractors up to 200hp and topping out at five furrows.
The heavy duty UNICO L shares many of its smaller sibling's features but is built to cope with up to 300hp up front. It is available in four, five and six furrow formats.
Hydraulic auto-reset - centralised hydro-pneumatic circuit with piston nitrogen accumulator which makes for faster leg reset. First body fitted with a larger diameter cylinder for higher trip pressure as the leading point going into unbroken ground. Non-stop system can be controlled on the move and allows both vertical and horizontal movement.
A range of wearing metal is available, common with other brands, to give users the widest choice of bodies possible. Maschio's MP4WD mouldboard can be used to work at depths from 15 to 35cm (6in to 14in) and can run at up to 50cm (20in) wide or can be wound right in to 30cm (12in). It leaves an impressively wide furrow bottom to cope with large tyres.
Combination depth/transport wheel – as well as its conventional role in maintaining an even working depth, the Combi Wheel is used to support the plough on the road to reduce stresses on both man and machine. Hydro-pneumatic suspension is an option.


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Hampson, Sidney Thomas
Sydney Thomas Hampson was born in England in October, 1893. Prior to the war he emigrated to Canada and enlisted in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan in January, 1915. The collection currently consists of thirteen letters, excerpts from his diary, photographs, and personal items.
Harper, Owen
Owen Harper was born in Cheshire, England, in December, 1891. Prior to the war he emmigrated to Canada and settled in Winnipeg, Manitoba, where he worked as a printer. Harper enlisted in June, 1916 in Winnepeg, Manitoba. He served overseas with the Canadian Field Artillery as a driver until his death in September, 1917. The collection currently consists of more than twenty letters.
Hawkes, Wilfred
Wilfred Edgar Hawkes was born in England in 1889. Sometime later he emigrated to Canada and enlisted at Vernon, British Columbia in August, 1915. The collection constist of two letters written to his young nephew Jack, in Victoria, British Columbia, in 1916.
Hay, Arthur James
Arthur James Hay was born in Toronto, Ontario in 1895 and enlisted July 22, 1915. Hay served oveseas in France with the 38th Bn. In 1917 he was wounded by a gas attack, and returned to Canada in July, 1918 as a result of his injuries. Arthur James Hay died in 1963. The collection consists of a photograph of Hay and a copy of his pension identification certificate.
Hayes, Roland
Roland Hayes was born in Armstrong, British Columbia in October, 1895. He worked as a farmer until he was concripted in 1917. Hayes served with the 72nd Battalion in England and France and returned to Canada at the end of the war. The collection currently consists of one letter and two photographs. We are grateful to the Historic O'Keefe Ranch in Vernon, British Columbia for sharing these materials.
Hearle, Eric
Eric Hearle was born in 1893 and enlisted in Hamilton, Ontario in September, 1914 with the 4th Battalion. As a result of wounds received in France he returned to Canada and studied at the University of Guelph. Following his studies Hearle became an assistant entomologist with the federal government. The collection consists of thirteen letters and twelve postcards. It also contains more than 130 photographs, beginning in 1914 with the camps in Canada and England and including a series from convalescent hospitals in Canada. Hearle died in 1934 at the age of 41.
Henderson, William M.M.
William Henderson was born in Wick, Caithness, Scotland in 1892 and emigrated to Canada in early 1914. Henderson enlisted in Toronto, Ontario in August, 1915 with the 48th Highlanders and eventually served with the 24th Battalion Queen Victoria Rifles in France, with whom he was awarded a MM in August, 1918.
Henry, Albert Ernest
Albert Ernest Henry was born in Sombra, Ontario in 1877 and enlisted in March, 1916. He served overseas with the Canadian Forestry Corp. The collection consists of two letters.
Hepburn, James
James Hepburn, born in Scotland in 1891, enlisted in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan in 1915. He was badly wounded at the Somme, losing his right arm. The collection consists of one letter written to his father from the hospital in England, while he was recovering from his wound, as well as pages from his paybook and some miscellaneous items.
Heritage Thorold
The collection consists of one letter from May Grenville, a nurse who had served overseas with the A.E.F. home to her mother in Thorold, Ontario, at the end of the war in 1918.
Hicks, Victor
Victor Hicks was born in Toronto, Ontario in 1889 where he worked as a teamster until he enlisted in Toronto in July, 1915. He served overseas in France and was killed July 13, 1916. The collection consists of one letter written to his mother in 1916.
Hill, Edward Robert
Edward Robert Hill served with the 58th Battalion. He was killed at Passchendaele in October, 1917. His brother, William Lowrie Hill served with the 49th Battalion until his death at Mount Sorrel in June, 1916. The collection currently consists of one letter and two photographs.
Hill, William Lowrie
William Lowrie Hill was born in Harrington West, Ontario in December, 1888. Hill enlisted with the 49th Battalion in Edmonton in January, 1915. He served overseas with the 49th until his death at Mount Sorrel in June, 1916. He was the brother of Edward Robert Hill who was killed at Passchandaele in October, 1917. The collection currently consists of two photographs and one 49th Battalion card.
Hogarth, John Gordon
John Gordon Hogarth was born in Stephen, Huron County, Ontario in October, 1895. Hogarth enlisted in Exeter, Ontario in September, 1915. He served overseas with the 34th Battalion and the 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles until his death on October 1, 1916. Hogarth is commemorated on the Vimy Memorial. The collection currently consists of four letters, two photographs, and one card.
Hogarth, Lucien Victor
Lucien Victor Hogarth was born in April, 1898 in Stephen Township, Ontario. Hogarth enlisted in May, 1916 in Exeter, Ontario with the 161st Huron Battalion. He served overseas in France with the 47th Battalion until he was demobilized and returned to Canada in 1919. The collection currrently consists of four letters, Christmas cards, and numerous photographs
Hollett, William Lloyd
William Lloyd Hollett was born in Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia in September, 1913. He served overseas with the Lincoln and Welland Regiment, R.C.I.C. until his death on October 26, 1944, age 33. The collection currently consists of more than forty letters.
Holmes, Ira Layton
Ira Layton Holmes was born on Prince Edward Island in July, 1893. Holmes enlisted in Regina, Saskatchewan in January, 1915 and served overseas. The collection currently consists of two letters, a short diary from 1916, photographs, and miscellaneous items.
Holmes, Stuart James
James Stuart Holmes was born in Spencerville, Ontario in November, 1897. Holmes enlisted in March of 1916, and went overseas with the 156th Battalion. The collection currently consists of three letters written by Holmes.
Holt, Harold
Harold Holt was born in Manchester, England in May, 1897. Prior to the war he emigrated to Victoria, British Columbia. Holt enlisted in September, 1915 in Victoria and served overseas until his discharge. He was the brother of James Henry Holt, who served as James Henry. The collection currently consists of four photographs and some miscellaneous personal items.
Holt, James Henry
James Henry Holt was born in Manchester, England in October, 1892. Prior to the war he emigrated with his family to Victoria, British Columbia. Holt enlisted in December, 1914 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and served under the name of James Henry. He was the older brother of Harold Holt. Holt served in France with the 25th Battalion until his death in October, 1916. The collection currently consists of a memorial ribbon commemorating his death, and a photograph of his grave.


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TNR Best of
Nationals of the 1800s
Stat Definitions
The Nationals Park Beer Guide
Livan Making Nats History
ByCharlie
Apr 28, 2010 John Lannan, John Patterson, Livan Hernandez, Matt Chico, Nats, Pitching, Ross Detwiler, Shairon Martis, Washington Nationals
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Livan Hernandez continues to dominate every time he goes out there. Not through striking anyone out, mind you, he only has 10 of those in 31 IP. But he's third in the majors in starter ERA sitting pretty at 0.87. He's also 7th in WHIP at the same number – 0.87. His start to the season, which many thought would be a typical up and down year for him with a final ERA between 4.50 and 5.50 (at least I did) has been, to say the least, impressive. He's pitched at least 7 innings in all 4 appearances, hasn't only given up more than 1 ER once so far, when he gave up 2. He lost 2-1 that game, so he's sitting at a record of 3-1. Off to a great start, sure, but it's downright historic for this franchise.
In the history of the Nationals, a start like this has happened once, and only once before. Any guess who started out the season ALMOST this well, but not quite? I'll let you stew on it, you can click the link to read more and get the answer.
It's John Patterson! In 2005, he pitched in his first 4 games of the season by going for 7 innings in all games but one where he went 6 2/3, gave up 0 ER twice, 1 once, and 2 once (same earned runs as Livan), and had a 0.98 ERA over the span. He stuck out 23 batters in that span, and went 2-1. Patterson also managed to have a 4 game stretch later in the same year on par with Livan's start. He pitched 31 innings in 4 starts from July 19th through Aug 4th, managed a 0.87 ERA, had two 8 inning performances, a CG, and a 6 inning start, while going 2-1. Almost identical to Livan except JP struck out 37 in that stretch. Unfortunately for John, and the Nats, it was downhill from there.
Other than that, a stretch of 4 games started, with 4 quality starts and a sub-one ERA? Couldn't find one. No John Lannan stretch like that, no Shaun Hill or Matt Chico stretch either. It wasn't Ross Detwiler at the end of last year, or Shairon Martis at the beginning. The closest thing I saw to it was at the end of 2005. From Sept 13th through the 26th, this pitcher only had two 6 inning performances, coupled with a 5 2/3 and a short 4 IP game. But in that span of 21 2/3 IP he only gave up 2 ER, struck out 23, and went 1-0, while the Nats went 3-1. He was, and still is, Hector Carrasco.
So enjoy Livan while he's dealing like this. First of all, who knows when it's gonna stop. Secondly, it hasn't really happened much at all before. One or two more starts like this and it will be definitively the best run by any pitcher since this franchise came to Washington.
Pitching – Now, Soon, and the Future
Livan's Start Compared to Expos' Days
@NationalsReview on Twitter
Nats Ranking in the NL
Through 7/15/19
Runs per Game – 6th
OBP – 4th
SLG – 8th
OPS – 7th
HR – 8th
ERA – 8th
BB – 3rd
K – 3rd
WHIP -6th
Arbitrary Endpoints Game: Brian Dozier
Brian Dozier
79 G, 293 PA
.245/.345/.474
.819 OPS
33 RBI
Free Agents Hitting
Nats Power Up with Schwarber
Hitting Trades
A Ringing Endorsement
Playoffs World Series
Timeline of the 2019 World Series Champion Washington Nationals
Flags Fly Forever
Stat Definitions – Old


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Ingram Micro unveils Consumer Home and Office Solutions division
February 25, 2008 digital distribution, ESD
Ingram Micro has announced the introduction of a new consumer division focused on integrating consumer electronics (CE), networking, security and digital signage into the home and office environment.
The new CHOS division represents a significant push into the consumer market by Ingram, preceded in June 2007 by the acquisition of consumer electronics and accessories disti DBL Distributing.
Matthew Sanderson, director of product management and marketing, Ingram Micro said: "Due to ongoing digital convergence, IT and CE products are merging; in recognising this Ingram Micro has allocated dedicated personnel to cater for increasing demand in the area of consumer home and office solutions."
According to Sanderson, the newly created division will provide Australian resellers with the opportunity to expand their offerings to the consumer home and office market.
"The launch of the CHOS Division at Ingram Micro will provide a 'one-stop' shop for resellers," he said.
Ingram claimed the recent boom in digital signage and security was a major factor in deciding to establish the division, as well as the growing trend among the disti's vendors that has seen many expand their CE product portfolios.
Jacqueline Bergin, business manager to head the new CHOS Division said: "Ingram Micro's nationwide retail coverage will also assist CE vendors in entering additional IT channels and will help IT vendors who are entering CE channels. Our retail fulfilment capabilities are in line with the Ingram Micro business model of taking costs out of our resellers' businesses."
Resellers will receive information on the consumer home and office market via Ingram's web portal, TechLink. The site provides various resources to assist partners in channel sales to CHOS customers.
"The launch of the CHOS Division will enable us to strengthen our relationship with our resellers and vendors and reinforce the current service offerings that Ingram Micro provides," said Guy Freeland, managing director, Ingram Micro Australia.
The distribution giant first showed signs of pursuing the consumer integration market with the acquisition Avad in July 2005, a US-based digital home integrator.
via CRN Australia