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What LMS should offer
On September 12, 2015 By Margaret SimkinIn digital literacy, Digital scholarship, discussion, INF537, knowledge networks, Reflection2 Comments
What should an LMS offer?
By deciding to invest in a Learning Management System (LMS) educational institutions are expecting to see an impact on teaching and learning; they require that it generates a reasonable return for the money spent; that it is easy to use; and that it will provide data that leads to improved learning outcomes (Leaman, 2015, p. 1). Stipulations need to allocate uniform consideration to five necessary aspects: "interoperability, personalisation, analytics, collaboration and accessibility" (Straumsheim, 2015).
Often the reality of the system implemented falls short of the expectations and inherent limitations are often hidden. (Leaman, 2015, p. 2). This occurs because LMS are often set up to treat learning as a series of isolated incidents rather than a continuous process which builds on skills incrementally as the course progresses, and the nature of the learning delivery may be generic rather than personalised (Leaman, 2015, p. 3). Instructors may not use many functions of the system, and students do not engage as anticipated which compounds the issues as tangible learning is difficult to ascertain (Leaman, 2015, p. 4).
Viewing LMS in terms of learning enhancement needs to be undertaken with the understanding that an ecosystem of effective learning cannot be provided solely by the LMS, and educational institutions need to use such systems within their limitations (Leaman, 2015, p. 6). New iterations of LMS must focus on creating an environment where the parts fit together similarly to a child's building blocks (Straumsheim, 2015). Whatever the components: assessment modules, or analytics, or others, support must be aimed at competency-based education (Straumsheim, 2015). If there are weaknesses, educators need to augment them by incorporating other tools and build onto what their LMS can achieve rather than replacing it with a different system (Leaman, 2015, p. 6). It is relatively common for faculty personnel to approach their LMS with caution, in a manner similar to someone involved in a "love-hate relationship" (Straumsheim, 2015).
Schools and universities should be prepared to use systems that enable users to move freely between public and private (or open and closed) spaces, and acquiring evidence of collaborations from anywhere online should be made possible (Straumsheim, 2015). New versions of LMS should be centred on the requirements and preferences of the students, whose learning they are intended to support (Straumsheim, 2015).
Leaman, C. (2015, August 20). What If Your Learning Management System Isn't Enough? Retrieved from eLearning Industry: http://elearningindustry.com/learning-management-system-isnt-enough
Straumsheim, C. (2015, May 11). Brick by Brick. Retrieved from Inside Higher Ed: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/05/11/educause-releases-blueprint-next-generation-learning-management-systems
Why Use LMS?
On September 11, 2015 By Margaret SimkinIn Digital scholarship, discussion, effective teaching, INF537, knowledge networks, Reflection4 Comments
18 Instructional Tasks for Which Instructors Might use an LMS Tool
Schoonenboom published a list of tasks for which instructors might use a Learning Management System (LMS) (Schoonenboom, 2014, p. 248). This will provide that starting point for a case study on the use of the SIMON LMS tool http://www.simonschools.net/about-simon.html in one school in regional Victoria.
Meeting – defined as a session run through video conferencing software which may be part of the same proprietary suite or through a different medium e.g. Skype for Business or Adobe Connect (such as our Colloquiums.
Guest speaker – see above.
Probing – using a digital tool such as TodaysMeet or SMS-poll or Poll Everywhere
Office – fixed "open" hours for chat or discussion through mechanisms such as Skype
Reference lists, or reading lists or information sources
Self-testing using assessment software
Exam – administer testing through digital software either in a controlled lab space or classroom or online
Instructor feedback – e.g. through comments and or reporting
Portfolio – examine and comment on students acquired learning through their presentation of evidence in a digital portfolio system or tool e.g. through SharePoint or Class OneNote
Student discussion – e.g. discussion forum
Collaborative writing – e.g. through Class OneNote, wiki, blog, Google Docs
Peer feedback – e.g. through Turnitin
Blog – e.g. Blogger, WordPress
PowerPoint – or other means of producing teacher based material e.g. Teacher notebook with Class OneNote
YouTube – link to videos on YouTube that might support in class learning programs
Web Lecture – record lessons and make available online (using Office Mix record audio to go with slide presentation)
Instruction – as above or other digital artefacts created specifically for the subject by the teacher
In constructing a survey, it will be important to raise potential uses as well and investigate uses that are more obvious. There is a pressing need to elicit responses which will evaluate usefulness, ease of use and the LMS intention underpinning pedagogical development and methodology (Schoonenboom, 2014, p. 249)
Schoonenboom, J. (2014). Using an adapted, task-level technology acceptance model to explain why instructors in higher education intend to use some learning management system tools more than others. Computers & Education, pp. 247 – 256.
Invisible but Vital
On September 8, 2015 By Margaret SimkinIn Digital scholarship, INF537, knowledge networks, Reflection3 Comments
This is Our Challenge:
It is the human capacity of libraries that is critical: staff who are knowledge intermediaries, teacher-librarians, and information and data scientists. Such people work at the junction between development, information science and governance (Gregson, Brownlee, Playforth, & Bimbe, 2015, p. 6).
In today's paradigm, libraries are responsible for the provision of the invisible infrastructure which enables access to information and inform research (Gregson, Brownlee, Playforth, & Bimbe, 2015, p. 22).
This is the challenge we face for Information Services at my workplace and it's probably common to others. We have been working through a period of transition for some time, and with the addition of 1:1 devices from 6 – 12 in 2016 this will accelerate.
(Gregson, Brownlee, Playforth, & Bimbe, 2015, p.22)
This situation requires a change of focus, from the resources and their appropriate care and display, to the people so that what we provide suits individual needs, is accessible anytime and anywhere, and enables publishing as well as reading. We have been slowly working on this aspect as well.
Gregson, J., Brownlee, J. M., Playforth, R., & Bimbe, N. (2015). Evidence Report No. 125: Policy Anticipation, Response and Evaluation: The Future of Knowledge Sharing in a Digital Age: Exploring Impacts and Policy Implications for Development. London: Institute of Development Studies.
On September 6, 2015 By Margaret SimkinIn assessment item, Digital scholarship, INF537Leave a comment
Digital scholarship in education, in the context of interdisciplinary knowledge and research.
Across millennia, scholarship's enduring, traditional form has focused on individuals acquiring knowledge from books and lecturers, within single disciplines inside the walls of monolithic institutions which monopolise learning to create and maintain power (Buckley, 2012, pp. 333-334) . Defining scholarship as acquiring scholastic knowledge within learning institutions (The Australian Pocket Oxford Dictionary, 1996, p. 969) is, however, currently being challenged. Modern academia is undergoing, but inconsistent, transformation due to opportunities provided by web-based communication and behaviour enabled by twenty-first-century digital affordances (Ayers, 2013, pp. 24-28). Digital scholarship is a term defined as encompassing both scholarly communication and using digital media and research (Libraryowl, 2013), which is increasingly being used to describe this shift, yet it is also a concept with a contested definition requiring deeper investigation (Scanlon, 2011, pp. 177-179).
Understanding digital scholarship, which partially results from economies of information scarcity transforming into profligacies of abundant learning resources, requires examination of the meaning of academia and the measures by which it has traditionally been evaluated (Weller, A pedagogy of abundance, 2011, pp. 85-86). Consideration of its implications, in terms of the future of both higher and school education, should assess whether such changes, are, in fact, desirable, or indeed truly as different as some attest (Baggaley, 2015).
The critical difference between conventional and digital scholarship is connectivism (Veletsianos & Kimmins, 2012, p. 770). Traditionally, academic knowledge generated by staff employed by a single university has formed the largest percentage of an institution's market value (Buckley, 2012, pp. 333-334). This ideology has been based on individual research, intra-faculty or, sometimes interfaculty across similar institutions, within a culture of monographic orientation; this model has allowed individual practitioners to add to the conversation around their specialty, while protecting them from departing the norm (Ayers, 2013, p. 28). Connectivists, in contrast, view learning as negotiated, inter-connected, increasingly interdisciplinary, and social; they situate it in complex environments, embracing open values and peer-to-peer networking (Veletsianos & Kimmins, 2012, p. 770). This dichotomy poses a challenge to faculty members who perceive such an approach as diminishing the hard won traditions of both scholarship and teaching, and also risky. (Ayers, 2013, p. 30).
Despite existing for several decades, it is relatively uncommon that academics and school teachers engage in connectivism; the majority still need to be convinced of the inherent value such practices offer, let alone their inevitability (Scanlon, 2011, p. 177). There is a philosophical divide between those who have recognised, and are embracing, the potential of technological affordances, and those who are yet to investigate them to any degree (Scanlon, 2011, p. 178). Those who believe that digital scholarship merely implies copyright free or open access to materials, email interaction, online libraries, employing technology and some online tools, present a diametric contrast to participants in communities of practice: those who have invested in developing or participating in Massively Online Open Courses (MOOCs); learners who collaborate on investigations; and scholars who publish their research in digital format, either individually or together, and invite comment (Ayers, 2013, pp. 27-28). The former pursue the goal of publishing printed monographs in academic, peer-reviewed journals or theses; the latter consider achieving a doctorate through blogging (Ho, 2015).
Each aspect of digital scholarship at its broadest definition requires examination. Scanlon refers to the seismic shift in patterns of user behaviour, whereby relevant technological and online tools are utilised to lead to new types of collaboration based on openness and interdisciplinarianism (Scanlon, 2011, pp. 178-182). She identifies the skills of collection, curation, collaboration, creation, and publication as those enabled by digital scholarship, and links the need for such skills to both higher and secondary education (Scanlon, 2011, p. 180). These fit well with the twenty-first century skills now considered so vital for school students that they are embedded in the Australian Curriculum (Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority, n.d.), and promoted by the International Society for Technology in Education Standards for teaching and learning with technology (International Society for Technology in Education, n.d.).
Scanlon refers to an ecological approach to learning (Scanlon, 2011, p. 179). Ayers promotes similar concepts: ongoing, ever-growing digital environments which generatively enhance the essential aspects of monographic erudition while simultaneously enabling things that could not have been done in print; networking is a prime example of this (Ayers, 2013, p. 34).
Networked participatory scholarship, an exemplar of generative digital ecology, (Veletsianos & Kimmins, 2012) operates within communities of practice (Archer, 2006), using technologies of cooperation (Saveri, Rheingold, & Vian, 2005). It emerges from an understanding that digital scholarship is something that goes beyond using information and communication technologies to research, teach and collaborate; it also embraces open values, ideology, the potential of peer to peer networking and so-called "wiki ways of working" (Pearce, Weller, Scanlon, & Ashleigh, 2010). Such scholarship engages with this emergent scholarly practice of using technologies that specifically favour participation in various forms of social media, not only to share concepts, but also to reflect upon them, invite criticism of them, seek suggestions for improving them, validate their worth, and take scholarship further through publication in media that allows for feedback (Veletsianos & Kimmins, 2012, p. 778). Communities of practice, in this sense, have developed in order to manage and grow knowledge as an asset, enabling knowledge exchange in order to improve understanding (Archer, 2006, p. 67). Archer identifies four classifications of such communities: internal, networked within organisations, formal and self-organising (Archer, 2006, p. 67).
These organisational communities of practice networks differ from personal learning networks in that the former entail a level of company or organisational direction while the latter are established by individuals. There have been a number of examples of open and social learning opportunities for individuals to more formally develop personal learning networks, and many of these have been offered by universities as MOOCs, such as The University of Melbourne's Coursera on the French Revolution, a subject entailing a blend of traditional and contemporary styles (McPee, 2015). This is very different to the MOOC offered by Regina University: Education, Curriculum and Instruction, taught by Alec Couros, in that the former is content driven while the latter is focused on process (Couros, 2010). This further illustrates the problem of defining exactly what digital scholarship entails.
The formality of organisationally directed networks is very different from the informality of personal learning networks, and perhaps would be better labelled as professional learning networks. The former often occur randomly within social media circles: Twitter, Facebook, Google Plus; they grow and shrink as people join or lose interest and they persist because of the efforts of the passionate; they rely on open access to the platforms on which they depend and often lead to participation in MOOCs (Couros, 2010, pp. 111-112). Couros' course demonstrated the potential for leveraging education through such courses by its cohort: twenty students registered, but more than two hundred others freely interacted with the material under discussion (Couros, 2010, pp. 109 -110). Digital scholarship, as this example illustrates, enables the collection of information for investment in furthering collective knowledge, involves sharing of appropriate tools for collecting and analysing the information found, and may result in the generation of new creating and authoring tools (Weller, The nature of scholarship, 2011, pp. 42- 43).
Some key issues arise from these new ways of learning: the comparability of digital scholarship with the work of "scholarly primitives", the comparison of open access and publishing with closed and monographic dissemination; the differing pedagogies or andragogies required to deliver them, and the tensions within academia that these cause (Weller, A pedagogy of abundance, 2011, pp. 41 – 47). The tasks traditionally undertaken by the "primitives": discovering, annotating, comparing, referring, sampling and representing share some similarities to those of digital scholarship; the biggest difference, however, lies in the greater sense of equality for scholars in the truly digital world (Weller, The nature of scholarship, 2011, p. 42). The integration of the knowledge gained (often referred to as emerging from liberated data), its application to wider circumstances, and the teaching that it enables, are seen as threatening the established understanding of knowledge capital as something residing in published, peer-reviewed articles with restricted circulation within the tertiary sector (Weller, The nature of scholarship, 2011, pp. 43 – 44).
The emancipation of data facilitates unexpected applications (often created in a similar fashion to crowdsourcing) and allows others to integrate the learning in new ways sometimes using new or repurposed tools (Weller, The nature of scholarship, 2011, p. 44) . Opening access to information and publishing the knowledge that is subsequently generated online is a quick and easy process, far removed from the time lag and cost of traditional dissemination of material, especially when subjected to the peer review process (Weller, The nature of scholarship, 2011, p. 45). Speeding up this process offers advantages to universities who can adjust their information generation methodologies, and facilitates an edge in the higher education market (Buckley, 2012, p. 334). Quicker broadcasting of new ideas and ways of collaborating to achieve them, in turn affects application, and all of these processes impact on teaching (Weller, The nature of scholarship, 2011, pp. 45-47).
Possible andragogies and pedagogies in universities and schools intending to adopt digital scholarly practices have been identified as resource-based learning; project based learning; constructivism; communities of practice; and connectivism (Weller, A pedagogy of abundance, 2011, pp. 88 -89); some institutions have also adopted flipped learning approaches, considered to be innovative (Baggaley, 2015). Educators adopting any one of these teaching styles, or a blended combination of two or more, have demonstrated digital resilience (Weller, Digital resilence, 2011, p. 168). Those who are reluctant or resistant are often suffering from techno-angst, risk-averse mindsets, or scepticism (Weller, Digital resilence, 2011, p. 168). Reasons for anxiety around innovative concepts and practices may be found in disengagement caused by ubiquitous learning management systems and virtual learning environments, through their implicit restrictions; and the tenure system, whereby some staff have ongoing employment that they wish to keep, while others are contracted and know that effluxion of time will end their role (Weller, Digital resilence, 2011, pp. 170 – 171). Pressure to achieve publication in the classic form of peer-reviewed journals or theses may be another factor (Weller, Digital resilence, 2011, pp. 170 – 171).
Issues such as these may be resolved by disassociating government funding from teaching practices, institutions, faculties and individuals must be assured of security if they innovate in terms of their knowledge sharing, development and generation (Buckley, 2012, p. 335). The first step in this process is the building of trust, critical for knowledge creation, and the crux of long-term social relationships which enable powerful collaboration to this end (Buckley, 2012, p. 335). Educators in schools and universities need to develop and employ digital age competencies, which requires mastery of information navigation, connectivity in its broadest sense, and critical evaluation of sources within a trusting ecology (Greenhow, Robelia, & Hughes, 2009, p. 249). While tertiary educators such as Couros (Couros, 2010) and teachers such as Gail Casey (Casey, 2013) embrace the concept of communities of practice, and immerse themselves and their students in social and participatory networking, and others engage globally through flat connections (Lindsay, 2015) utilising the full extent of digital scholarship, they are still in the minority. The students lucky enough to encounter such educators at school or university, will benefit from an education that will aid them to develop their digital identity, a recent cultural process made possible by the participatory web (Greenhow, Robelia, & Hughes, 2009, p. 251). The greatest benefit identified by Couros' student Jennifer, is that such learning is truly life-long (Couros, 2010, p. 127).
Digital scholarship is evolving as the technologies of cooperation increase in number and format, and adoption by universities and schools across the world slowly increases (Saveri, Rheingold, & Vian, 2005, p. 1). More research is required to assess and harness the presumed potential of digital technology, and, ensure that the processes being touted as new really are novel, and not just new terminology for older practices, as identified by Baggaley in his somewhat flippant assessment of flipped learning (Baggaley, 2015, pp. 4 – 5). His identification of self-promotion through registering websites, and copyrighting their own terminology is a clear warning for the need for academic rigour (Baggaley, 2015, pp. 3-6).
More academics need to avoid passitivity (Weller, Digital resilence, 2011, p. 170) and become organised participants, possibly by adopting a commando-style role in correcting errors in Wikipedia (Baggaley, 2015, p. 8). The history of the term digital scholarship in Wikipedia may be an example of such tactics (Libraryowl, 2013). By addressing critical issues of value in relation to risk, and actively engaging in the conversation relating to digital scholarship, academic writers and researchers have the potential to change the politics of educational technology provision and practice (Selwyn, 2010). Once universities endorse the best elements of social participatory networking and its ability to contribute meaningfully to knowledge generation, educators in schools will also embrace a learning ecology perspective, benefitting from the fusion of formal and informal learning, spanning contextual boundaries for self-sustained learning (Greenhow, Robelia, & Hughes, 2009, p. 248) .
21st Century Skills: Rethinking How Students Learn. (2010). Bloomington: Solution Tree.
Archer, N. (2006). A Classification of Communities of Practice. In Encyclopedia of Communities of Practice in Information and Knowledge Management (pp. 21-29). Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global).
Ayers, E. L. (2013). Does digital scholarship have a future? Educause Review, 24-34.
Baggaley, J. (2015, May 29). Flips and flops. Distance Education, 1-10.
Buckley, S. (2012). Higher education and knowledge sharing: from ivory tower to twenty-first century. Innovations in Higher Education and Teaching International, 49(3), 333-344.
Casey, G. (2013, September). Interdisciplinary literacy through social media In the Mathematics classroom: an action research study. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 57(1), 60-67.
Couros, A. (2010). Developing personal networks for open and social learning. In Emerging Technologies in Distance Education (109–128). Athabasca University: AU Press. (pp. 109-128). Athabasca University: AU Press.
Greenhow, C., Robelia, B., & Hughes, J. E. (2009). Learning, teaching and scholarship in a digital age. Educational Researcher, 38(4), 246-259.
Ho, C. (2015, August 26). Blogging Your Way To A PhD. Retrieved from The Thesis Whisperer August 27, 2015: http://thesiswhisperer.com/2015/08/26/blogging-your-way-to-a-phd/
International Society for Technology in Education. (n.d.). ISTE Standards. Retrieved from ISTE August 29, 2015: http://www.iste.org/standards
Libraryowl. (2013, July 30). Digital Scholarship. Retrieved from Wikipedia August 30, 2015: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_scholarship
Lindsay, J. [host] (2015, August 6). Colloquium 3: Flat Classrooms.
McPee, P. (2015). Class Central: The French revolution. Retrieved August 29, 2015, from Coursera: https://www.class-central.com/mooc/1705/coursera-the-french-revolution
Pearce, N., Weller, M., Scanlon, E., & Ashleigh, M. (2010). Digital scholarship considered: how new technologies could transform academic work. in education, 16(1 Spring), 33-14.
Saveri, A., Rheingold, H., & Vian, K. (2005). Technologies of Cooperation. Palo Alto: Institute for the Future. Retrieved August 15, 2015, from www.iftf.org
Scanlon, E. (2011). Digital futures: changes in scholarship, open education resources and the inevitability of interdisciplinarity. Arts And Humanities in Higher Education, 177-184.
Selwyn, N. (2010). Looking beyond learning: notes towards the critical study of educational technology. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning(26 (1)), 65 – 73. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2729.2009.00338.x.
The Australian Pocket Oxford Dictionary. (1996). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
Veletsianos, G., & Kimmins, R. (2012). Networked participatory scholarship: emergent techno-cultural pressures toward open and digital scholarship in online networks. Computers & Education; An International Journal 58 (2012) 76, 58, 766 -774.
Weller, M. (2011). A Pedagogy of Abundance. In M. Weller, The Digital Scholar: How Technology is Transforming Scholarly Practice (pp. 85-95). London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Weller, M. (2011). Digital Resilence. In The Digital Scholar: How Technology is Transforming Scholarly Practice (pp. 168-184). London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Weller, M. (2011). The Nature of Scholarship. In M. Weller, The Digital Scholar, How Technology is Transforming Scholarly Practice (pp. 41-51). London: Bloomsbury Collections.
LMS & Learning
On September 6, 2015 By Margaret SimkinIn digital literacy, Digital scholarship, discussion, effective teaching, INF537, knowledge networks, ReflectionLeave a comment
Joining the Traveller's Journey
(Thanks, Simon Welsh!)
In recently considering digital scholarship, and also reflecting on Colloquium 1 (Welsh, 2015), the potential of Learning Management Systems in comparison to their usage has presented itself as an issue worthy of academic investigation. Until hearing Simon speak passionately about the things many LMSs already measure, and those that could potentially be calculated and then applied to improving learning outcomes for students, I had not considered the possibilities, and these became clear (Welsh, 2015).
For many educators, the LMS is something that has been introduced into their working lives without explanation as to why it is needed, or what it can do for learning. For secondary teaching colleagues, it has presented a platform for storing work for students, somewhere to host school-wide timetables, and more recently enable roll marking and report writing. Comparing the university LMS to that used at my recent schools has demonstrated some gaps, but the access to analytics, as referred to by Simon (Welsh, 2015), is not obvious to a learner in the former or a teacher in the latter.
Given that students have no say in the specific LMS required by their institution, to what extent do educators have choice in either system or what that system enables them to present (Islam, 2014, p. 253)? Do educators have freedom to create meaningful learning for their students or do the templates offered by the LMS constrain them; or is it incumbent on educators to build on what their LMS enables and augment the weaknesses (Leaman, 2015)?
Rekhari takes these concepts further by declaring that there is a chasm between learning design, technology and the LMS due to a combination of ineffective use by educators and flaws in the design of the systems (Rekhari, 2015, p. 12). She further questions whether the reasons that benefits that LMS intend to deliver to educational design are not entering praxis are the fault of the developers making the software hard to use, or the educators not proactively applying constructivist philosophies to their learning design (Rekhari, 2015, p. 13). She goes on to question whether LMSs are the barriers to educational change (Rekhari, 2015, p. 13).
This publication has led to much questioning of my own practices as an educator using an LMS – and has led to the realisation that beyond managing storage and retrieval of coursework, the other possibilities have not been considered. In order to further my understanding of what our school LMS can do I have requested time with one of the developers. To develop my understanding of practical analyses that already exist I have turned to Twitter, where I have engaged in meaningful dialogue with several professors in the Computer Science and Information Technology Department at RMIT, and who have sent me a document in which they compare Blackboard to Facebook in terms of supporting a specific online course in programming (Maleko, Nandi, Hamilton, D'Souza, & Harland, 2013). Additional reading has also been ongoing.
I "attended" the first Colloquium with a degree of disinterest predetermined on the basis of its description, and, due to Simon's future predictions, it has intrigued me and started me on a learning journey I would never have predicted. This has proved not only interesting but potentially very useful, and will form the basis of my Case Study for Assignment 3. From passive user to captivated challenger, I am now wondering if a different approach on my behalf could enable my development of a learning ecology for enhancing digital scholarship (Greenhow, Robelia, & Hughes, 2009, p. 248).
Islam, A. N. (2014). Sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with a learning management system in post-adoption stage: a critical incident technique approach. Computers in Human Behavior, pp. 249-261.
Maleko, M., Nandi, D., Hamilton, M., D'Souza, D., & Harland, J. (2013). Facebook versus Blackboard for supporting the learning of programming in a fully online course: the changing face of computer education. Learning and Teaching in Computing and Engineering, pp. 83-89.
Rekhari, S. (2015, August). The Chasm – learning design, technology, and the LMS. Training and Development, pp. 12-13. Retrieved from Australian Institute of Training and Development: www.aitd.com.au
Simkin, Margaret (2015, August 3): #2 http://thinkspace.csu.edu.au/msimkin/2015/08/03/2/
Welsh, S. [Host] (2015, July 28). Learning Analytics: A Traveller's Guide; Colloquium 2. Albury, Victoria, Australia.


My brother-in-law is a health conscious guy. He and his wife make an effort to eat healthy and get regular physical exercise. Mike often has nutrition questions and to be honest, his questions always seem easy but actually require some thought and usually an explanation. His job requires quite a bit of driving and he's often on the road for most of the day. He wanted to know if it was better to eat a McDonald's hamburger or go the work day without eating.
My knee jerk reaction was… go with the hamburger. I came to this conclusion based on the fact that 1. he eats fast food rarely; 2. skipping meals isn't good for your metabolism; and 3. going without food generally leads to difficulty concentrating, crankiness and overeating at the next available meal.
The problem was, the question nagged me the whole trip home, so I decided to do some research and find out if my advice was right.
It's possible to go months without eating and days without hydration, but does skipping a meal impact your metabolism and ultimately your weight? The common nutrition mantra in school was, it's best to eat every 4 hours to keep your metabolism revved up. The human body burns calories 24 hours per day seven days per week. At the most basic level, your metabolism is a system of hormones and enzymes that assess and regulate energy needs for survival. The rate at which different people use energy can vary based on factors including age, gender and lean body mass.
However, while shifting through research it appears that skipping one meal does not, in fact, impact your metabolism. Some schools of thought hold that when it comes to metabolism and weight loss, what matters most is the net amount of calories consumed during the day minus the net expenditure through both your basal metabolic rate (the number of calories your body burns at rest) and physical activity. So regardless of when you choose to consume your calories, the amount you consume is really what matters most.
Skipping one meal isn't going to make or break a healthy weight, but limiting intake to just two meals per day on a regular basis makes me think of sumo wrestlers. I'm fascinated by the concept of the "sumo wrestler diet." A healthy Body Mass Index range is between 18 and 25. Japanese sumo wrestlers are known for their strength and extraordinary size — it's rare to see a sumo wrestler with a BMI lower than 45.
I stand by the fact that people feel better and have better concentration when they're well fed than when they're hungry.
Most people control their calorie intake best when they space their meals. As a rule, it's easier to make healthy choices when you have a level head and don't feel like you're starving.
We have the sensation of hunger for a reason; if it has been too long without food, our bodies want us to eat.
Just for fun, I figured the nutritional statistics of an average fast-food hamburger might be interesting. One single hamburger contains about 260 calories, 9 grams of fat, 0.5 g trans fat, 570 mg of sodium, 34 g of carbohydrates and 13 g of protein. This gives us roughly 2 servings of fat, 2 servings of carbohydrate and 2 servings of protein — not great, but also not the end of the world.
Of special note are the 570 mg of sodium, which is about 25 percent of a 2,300 mg per-day recommendation, and the 0.5 g trans fat, which is always best at zero.
If possible, pack a cooler with a healthy lunch and snacks. Good lunch or snack options include a sandwich on whole grain bread, a large salad, yogurt with fruit, sliced vegetables or a handful of nuts.
Look for healthier alternatives on the menu. Let's be honest: A hamburger every once in awhile is not going to kill you, but choosing the yogurt with fruit option wouldn't hurt either. Compared to the burger, the yogurt with fruit provides 110 fewer calories, 1 less serving of fat, no trans fat, and just 3 percent of the sodium recommendation for the day. It still provides 2 carbohydrate servings and some protein, so it should tide you over in a healthier way.
How do you eat healthy on the road?
Way cool article. I pack. I'm not a meat eater so I learned awhile ago to bring food or I risk going hungry. And when I don't have good options readily available, I eat what I see. That's being honest.
Very smart LaTonya! I think you're right on the money…when you get to the point of serious hunger making healthy choices is challenging. Thanks for reading. I appreciate your comment and words of wisdom!


Movies or music that speaks to you plucks old strings that are personal; a matter of past influences and conditioning, present circumstances, and futures you used to want.
The movie "The Days of Wine and Roses" is (IMHO) overly dramatic, a sixties romance, showing people drowning in alcoholism, and in their binges, reverting to helpless, childlike despair.
It had been recommended to me, and I ran across it tonight on TCM.
a father who loses his job, then loses his wife, and then struggles with sobriety.
Those kinds of things happened around me and my sister.
But real-life leaves scars on top of and under the skin that Max Factor can't conceal. No retakes. No redemption.
and leave their loose ends for law enforcement, healthcare, and social workers to sort out.
Just days and days of Sherry and Port. No romance. No sweetness.


text:
by Michelle Rodger
An exciting new business competition to find Scotland's best startups has been launched by Virgin StartUp.
The inaugural 'Virgin Startup10: Scotland' is open to startup businesses and entrepreneurs, and will offer 'startup can't buy prizes' including mentoring and support from a leading Scottish law firm.
The top ten finalists will be shortlisted in February and recognised as Virgin StartUp's 10 Scottish ambassadors. The overall winner will be revealed at an awards ceremony in March and will receive a mentoring session from each member of the all-star judging panel which comprises a mix of Scottish entrepreneurs.
Paul Wheelhouse, Scottish Government Minister for Business Innovation and Energy, who has thrown his support behind the competition, said: "Scotland has a proud tradition of entrepreneurship, and today we have the highest number of registered businesses recorded in Scotland since records began – an impressive achievement which is largely driven by the success of our small business start-ups.
"This is a trend that we would like to see continue and I am delighted that Virgin Start Up continue to contribute so positively to entrepreneurship in Scotland – identifying best practice among start-ups helps communicate that practice to other new businesses, helping to ensure they survive and thrive."
Ultrafast broadband has gone live in two remote Scottish communities, the remote Sutherland hamlet of Altnaharra and Skerray giving them among the fastest broadband speeds in Scotland.
New full-fibre cables are now live, with around 60 Altnaharra households and businesses able to order broadband services with speeds of up to 330Mbps*.
The first ultrafast fibre services have also gone live in Skerray, with engineers from Openreach, Scotland's leading digital network business, continuing work over the next few weeks to reach more Skerray households and outlying Altnaharra properties.
As part of the ultrafast pilots, local people and workers from the Altnaharra Estate have helped to dig in around 4,800 metres of cable.
Until now, due to the high costs of bringing faster broadband to very small communities in remote areas, many of the villagers have been making do with some of Scotland's slowest connections of around 0.5Mbps.
UK consumer price inflation has held at its highest level since April 2012, with the CPI rate holding at 3.0 per cent, latest figures for October show.
While consumers will be relieved that inflation held steady, the squeeze on them was likely still appreciable and it is almost certain that inflation of 3.0 per cent remains well above earnings growth, which was limited to 2.2 per cent in the three months to August.
While inflation of 3.0 per cent in October was below the Bank of England's expectations, most Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) members are likely to maintain the view that the recent interest rate hike was justified given extended well above-target inflation and diminishing slack in the economy.
October was a record-breaking month for both Edinburgh and Glasgow airports.
More than 1.2 million passengers used Edinburgh Airport in October, making it the busiest October on record for the terminal. Meanwhile 928,000 people travelled through the doors at Glasgow airport, representing a 5% increase on October 2016's passenger numbers.
A total of 1,226,109 people came through the Edinburgh terminal in October, an increase of 8.5% on the same month last year
Output growth accelerated at the fastest pace since July to ensure the Scottish private sector made a positive start to the fourth quarter.
The seasonally adjusted headline Bank of Scotland PMI – a single-figure measure of the month-on-month change in combined manufacturing and services output – edged higher in October to 52.7, from 52.2 in September. This signalled the strongest rate of growth since July.
Employment across the private sector increased in October. The rate of job creation was moderate overall but accelerated since September.
Meanwhile, Scottish private sector companies continued to face rising input costs. The rate of input price inflation was sharp in October, despite easing since September. In turn, output charges were raised modestly, with the rate of inflation unchanged from that seen in September.
Businesses remained upbeat towards growth prospects in October. That said, the degree of optimism eased to the joint-weakest since April.
broadband connectivity Edinburgh Airport Entrepreneurship featured Glasgow Airport inflation output growth Paul Wheelhouse Scottish Governmnent Minister for Business Innovation and Energy Richard Branson Virgin Startup
Michelle Rodger
Michelle is a former national newspaper journalist who co-founded an award-winning IT business before launching Tartan Cat Communications. A social media and crowdfunding expert she manages media and communications for Business for Scotland.
Westminster's £1 billion business support...

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Home/cdw_news/Application Tip: check list for required application documents!
Your are interested in submitting an application for admission?
It is thus very important that you make yourself aware of required information! Read carefully information on Online Application Form contents & required Attachments!
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HomeAll PostsUncategorized
An Interview with Garth Greenwell
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Got a mail from 37signals and it says they're planning an online live Q&A session. We can see Jason Fried and DHH. Ask them a question if you have!
August 13th at 11am US central time is August 14th at 1am here in Japan.


text:
SEC DELAYS: Hopes that a bitcoin exchange traded fund (ETF) would be approved before the new year were dashed Thursday when the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) officially postponed any decision to Feb. 27, 2019.
VanEck and SolidX teamed up with Cboe earlier this year to propose the ETF, and under the SEC's rules, the regulator must approve or reject the rule change outright in its next notice – it cannot be delayed further.
Thursday's announcement comes after months of uncertainty around bitcoin ETFs. The regulator previously rejected a number of proposals, including simultaneously rejecting nine in August. Those rejection were suspended the next day when the SEC announced it would review the proposals once more. Full Story
BIPARTISAN BILLS: U.S. congressmen have introduced two bipartisan bills aimed to help prevent cryptocurrency price manipulation.
Representatives Darren Soto (Dem.) and Ted Budd (Rep.) jointly announced Thursday that the proposed legislation is ultimately aimed at making the U.S. a "leader in the cryptocurrency industry."
The bills essentially ask the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and other U.S. financial regulators to come up with a roadmap to better regulate cryptocurrencies in order to protect individuals and businesses.
The first bill seeks research on how crypto price manipulation takes place, its impact on investors, and how to prevent such activities through regulatory changes, and in turn, protect investors. The second asks regulators to carry out research on crypto regulations in jurisdictions across the globe and recommend legislative changes to promote the growth of adoption of cryptocurrencies in the U.S.
For instance, it asks the regulators to clarify which virtual currencies might qualify as commodities and to suggest a new, optional regulatory structure for crypto exchanges that includes federal licensing, market supervision and consumer protection.
Soto and Budd said that "Virtual currencies and the underlying blockchain technology has a profound potential to be a driver of economic growth." Full Story
TOKEN EXPLOSION: Crypto exchange Coinbase is looking at 31 assets to potentially list on its trading platforms, it said Friday. The list includes both independent token projects and ERC-20 tokens.


text:
Q: Rails will not follow Devise timeoutable I'm showing the related codes of Devise timeoutable
User.rb
class User < ApplicationRecord
   devise :database_authenticatable, :recoverable, :rememberable, :validatable, :confirmable, :timeoutable
   .....
end

and /config/initializers/devise.rb
config.timeout_in = 1.day

It was worked perfectly, recently I have implemented Rails Action Cable for some background jobs as like /app/channels/application_cable/connection.rb
module ApplicationCable
    class Connection < ActionCable::Connection::Base
        identified_by :current_user

        def connect
            self.current_user = find_verified_user
            logger.add_tags "ActionCable", current_user.email
        end

        private

        def find_verified_user
            current_user = env['warden'].user
            if current_user
                current_user
            else
                reject_unauthorized_connection
            end
        end
    end
end

the unsubscribe method
def unsubscribed
    # Any cleanup needed when channel is unsubscribed
    $redis.del "user_#{ current_user.id }_online"
    ActionCable.server.broadcast 'online_indicator', userId: current_user.id, online: false
end

and after implemented this Rails automatically destroyed the session after sometimes inactive the user I mean logged out.
I don't know what is happening with this code.
Could anyone figure out what is this, please?
Thanks

A: Are you sure you don't have any disconnect method or is anything cleaning :current_user when channel is closed? I think the problem is channel being closed and that cleaning current_user

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Interstate 70 begins its cross-country course just west of Baltimore, Maryland. Posted just beyond I-695 is this sign providing the distance to several major points of interest along the route, including the cities of Columbus, St. Louis and Denver. Cove Fort, a small outpost in central Utah, is the western terminus, where Interstate 70 merges into I-15. This sign is a replacement of a ground level sign destroyed during a truck crash in 2010. Photo taken 06/08/12.
Interstate 70 traverses nearly the width of the U.S., serving major metropolitan areas such as Denver, Kansas City, St. Louis, Indianapolis, Columbus and Baltimore. The west end of the freeway connects with Interstate 15 at Cove Fort, Utah. There are no plans to extend I-70 west beyond that point, and most westbound traffic is funneled via Interstate 15 to Southern California and via U.S. 50 to Northern California.
The bulk of the western extent of Interstate 70 passes through expansive high desert and the scenic Rocky Mountains. Until 1990, a section of I-70 remained with just two lanes across central Utah. The freeway across Colorado was also completed later, with the expensive section through Glenwood Canyon finished in 1992.
Interstate 70 at Silt, Colorado. The freeway straddles the Roan Cliffs west to Rifle. Photo taken 08/11/16.
Through the Great Plains and Midwest, Interstate 70 bisects Eastern Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. Several derivative routes from Interstate 70 may be found in the larger cities of Kansas City and St. Louis. Notably, two Interstate 470s (Kansas and Missouri) exist within 60 miles of each other.
Interstate 70 passes through six tunnels between Grand Junction and Denver, Colorado. The Hanging Lake Tunnels here are located at Shoshone in Glenwood Canyon. Photo taken 08/11/16.
Through Ohio, Interstate 70 crosses Dayton and Columbus, then briefly enters West Virginia at Wheeling. Entering Pennsylvania, Interstate 70 merges with the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-76) and separates at Breezewood. I-70 traffic must follow U.S. 30 through the business district in Breezewood to connect with the freeway leading south to Maryland from the PA Turnpike. There are no plans to create a direct connection between Interstates 70 and 76.
The freeway for Interstate 70 ends rather ignobly at a Park and Ride at Baltimore, just east of the exchange with Interstate 695. The continuation of the freeway to I-95 was removed from the city's transportation plan and was never constructed.
Looking west across Vail Pass (elevation 10,666 feet above sea level) in Colorado, Interstate 70 leaves Summit County and enters Eagle County. Even in autumn and spring, snow is a frequent occurrence here. Photo taken by Jeff Royston, 11/18/06.
Between Denver and Limon in Colorado, Interstate 70 is part of High Priority Corridor 38: Ports to Plains Corridor. In addition, the section of Interstate 70 through Missouri is part of High Priority Corridor 61: Missouri Corridors.
From Cove Fort east to Green River, Interstate 70 largely follows U.S. 50, although prior to the construction of the freeway, U.S. 50 instead followed the route of U.S. 6 west to Delta. Between Green River and Grand Junction, Interstate 70 remains merged with U.S. 6-50. U.S. 50 splits south at Grand Junction, leaving I-70 to follow U.S. 6 from Grand East to Denver.
U.S. 40 meets Interstate 70 for the first time at Empire, and these two routes intertwine from there east to Baltimore. I-70 follows U.S. 40 out of Denver all the way to Limon, and then picks up the U.S. 24 corridor from Limon to Colby. At Colby, Interstate 70 swings south to rejoin U.S. 40 at Oakley. From there, I-70 and U.S. 40 are generally merged east to St. Louis, with a few exceptions. East of St. Louis, I-70 and U.S. 40 parallel each other closely, with a deviation from Washington, Pennsylvania, to Hancock, Maryland. However, once in Maryland, Interstate 70 again closely follows U.S. 40 all the way into Baltimore.
Not necessarily an improvement for the Interstate, but an improvement for Baltimore area commuters was the planned Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) Red Line along the 1.95-mile long I-70 spur within the Beltway (I-695). The proposed subway line was to utilize a portion of the I-70 right of way, with the existing six-lane freeway converted into a two-lane parkway. Additionally the interchange (Exit 94) between the I-70 east end and Maryland 122 (Security Boulevard) was slated for removal and replacement with an at-grade intersection. Cooks Boulevard, a Maryland State Highway Administration-maintained roadway, would overtake former I-70 west to the symmetrical stack interchange with I-695. Truncation of I-70 was approved by the AASHTO U.S. Route Numbering Committee on May 29, 2014. However funding for the Red Line project was ultimately withdrawn.
In Columbus, the Ohio DOT studied several options to deal with worsening congestion in downtown in the early 2000s. Some of the options include converting portions of Interstate 70 into a surface boulevard, adding various collector distributor lanes parallel to the freeway, adding lanes, or doing nothing.
A multi-year project addresses congestion along the Interstates 70 and 71 overlap through central Columbus. Known as Columbus Crossroads, the six phase project kicked off with a revamp of the I-71/670 interchange between 2011-2013. Phase 2 entails redesigning the eastern junction of I-70/71 to eliminate left-hand ramps and ultimately separate the two routes into separate roadways. Construction underway in summer 2017 adds an additional lane for both directions of Interstates 70 and 71. A new ramp will be constructed from I-70 east at Parsons Avenue to replace the exit at 18th Street.
Columbus Crossroads Phases and Funding schedule as of March 2016.
Undated map showing the Stapleton International Airport runway system spanning I-70 and the original directional T interchange with Interstate 225 south.
The scenic stretch through Glenwood Canyon in Colorado is an engineering marvel, with the freeway often partitioning with I-70 westbound traveling on elevated viaduct and I-70 eastbound staying closer to grade level over old U.S. 6. Photo taken 08/11/16.
The Eisenhower Tunnel takes Interstate 70 across the Continental Divide between Silverthorne and Silver Plume in Colorado. The west portal of the 8,941 foot long bore sits at 11,158 feet above sea level. The tunnel represents the highest elevation on the Interstate Highway System.13 Photos taken 08/11/16.
Interstate 70 and U.S. 6-40 separate east of Idaho Springs. U.S. 6 traverses Clear Creek Canyon into Golden while I-70 and parallel U.S. 40 take a more southerly course across Flint Hill and through Mount Vernon Canyon to the Denver metropolitan area. Photo taken 08/11/16.
Interstate 70 east at Interstate 435 in Kansas City, Missouri. The two freeways meet to the northwest of Arrowhead and Kauffman Stadiums. Photo taken 06/19/15.
The Stan Musial Veterans Memorial Bridge accommodates four overall lanes with full right-hand shoulders. The span can be restriped for six lanes, but without shoulders. Photo taken by Chris Kalina (03/08/14).
Within the St. Louis metropolitan area, Interstate 70 was realigned to cross the Mississippi River via the new 4-lane Stan Musial Veterans Memorial Bridge. Located north of both the existing Martin Luther King Bridge and the Poplar Street Bridge (which is now designated as just Interstate 55 and Interstate 64), the new cable-stayed bridge stems east from an extended Interstate 44 at a new interchange with Tucker Boulevard to arc southward to East St. Louis, Illinois at the tri-level interchange where Interstates 55 and 64 part ways.
Construct a four-lane express toll facility along the center of the free lanes.
In Options 4, 5, and 6, the new path of Interstate 70 would extend from the Denver Coliseum east to Quebec Street (former Colorado 35) via industrial land in Commerce City. I-70 would depart its existing alignment at Washington Street, follow the BNSF Railroad tracks northeast to the defunct Rock Island Railroad right of way, then curve southeast back to I-70 near Quebec Street. These three options would have pushed the freeway through the home of the National Western Stock Show to a point nearly one mile north of the original alignment. Under these scenarios, existing Interstate 70 would revert back to a surface street (East 46th Avenue).
These options were considered as part of an Environmental Impact Statement jointly prepared by the Colorado Department of Transportation, the Regional Transportation District (RTD) and the city of Denver. Preliminary estimates indicated that realigning Interstate 70 was the most cost effective option versus reconstructing the old freeway.2.
The I-70 Peak Period Shoulder Lane project upgraded 13 miles of Interstate 70 eastbound from the merge with U.S. 40 at Empire to the split with U.S. 6 east of the Veterans Memorial (Twin) Tunnels in Clear Creek County. The expansion project added a full left-hand shoulder for use as a third, optional lane during peak travel periods. When open to traffic, the Mountain Express Lane charges a tolls electronically through ExpressToll transponders or toll by plate. Congestion pricing is implemented to keep the toll lane moving at highway speeds, with rates adjusted upward during heavier traffic.
A dynamic message sign for the I-70 Mountain Express Lane on Interstate 70 eastbound at Dumont. Photo taken 08/11/16.
Interstate 70 is one of the few Interstate Highways that has traffic signals on its mainline. The series of traffic signals is located on the connection between the Pennsylvania Turnpike (Interstate 76) and Interstate 70 through Breezewood, Pennsylvania via U.S. 30 town. The reason why this connection is not direct hearkens back to the requirements of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956. Under Section 113(c), interchange connections between a toll road and the Interstate Highway System could be constructed with either Federal-Aid highway funds or toll revenue; however, if Federal-Aid funds were used, the tolling authority and state department of transportation would have to enter into an agreement with the Federal Highway Authority to cease collecting tolls upon retirement of the bonds.
Westbound U.S. 30 (Lincoln Highway) approaches the overpass carrying Interstate 70 along a spur ramp from the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-76) mainline into Breezewood. I-70 east merges with U.S. 30 west for the next mile. Photo taken by Steve Hanudel (08/12/05).
Beyond the Pennsylvania Turnpike spur linking I-70 east with U.S. 30, Lincoln Highway advances through Breezewood along a wide variety of motorist services including restaurants, gas stations and motels. Photo taken by Steve Hanudel (08/12/05).
The I-70 eastbound mainline makes a left turn from U.S. 30 west for the continuation southeast toward Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, D.C.. Photo taken by Steve Hanudel (08/12/05).
The separation of I-70 east from U.S. 30 (Lincoln Highway) west in Breezewood. The brief overlap between the two routes is an at-grade boulevard with traffic signals and no access control. I-70 resumes along a freeway leading south from this intersection. Photo taken by Steve Hanudel (08/12/05).
Interstate 70 was one of the first Interstate Highways to be built on many different levels, according to the Federal Highway Administration article "Three States Claim First Interstate Highway" by Richard F. Weingroff that appeared in Public Roads. Three sections of Interstate 70 in Pennsylvania, Missouri and Kansas could each claim to be the "first" section of Interstate Highway to be built.
A sign in St. Charles County reminds motorists of Missouri's claim of the "First Interstate Highway" with this sign posted on westbound Interstate 70 northwest of St. Louis. Photo taken by Joe Balsarotti (10/17/05).
The Pennsylvania Turnpike today incorporates portions of both Interstate 70 and Interstate 76. The section between Irwin (Exit 67, near the U.S. 30 southeast of Pittsburgh) and Carlisle (Exit 226, near the junction with Interstate 81) opened to traffic on October 1, 1940. Although the Turnpike did not have Interstate 70 shields on it when it opened, this portion of Interstate 70 (and Interstate 76) could be considered the first Interstate highway. However, this toll facility was not built with Interstate Highway Funds. The Interstate designation was added to the Turnpike well after the roadway opened.
This view of Interstate 70 looks east through the San Rafael Swell toward Green River in central Utah from Ghost Rock Summit. The freeway occupies a narrow footprint as it ascends toward the top of the swell. Photo taken by Jeff Royston, 09/16/06.
Interstate 70 begins in sparsely populated central Utah at its junction with Interstate 15 at Cove Fort. Interstate 70 followed former Utah 4 between Interstate 15 and U.S. 89, then parallels old U.S. 89 from Sevier north to Salina via Richfield through the Sevier Valley. Originally, Interstate 70 was programmed to begin in Denver; however, a later addition (made public on October 18, 1957) extended the route west to Cove Fort to allow for greater access to Southern California.10 Some would have preferred that Interstate 70 turn northwest at Green River toward Spanish Fork, thus offering a freeway route to Salt Lake City; however, the federal plan preferred sending the freeway southwest to provide access to Southern California via Interstate 15.
The 70-mile section of two-lane Interstate 70 opened to traffic on November 5, 1970, and it is still the longest section of Interstate Highway to open at one time.10 Four-laning was completed in stages, with the route completely up to Interstate standards with the opening of the second Eagle Canyon bridge on September 28, 1990. The freeway runs through such unpopulated territory that Interstate 70 still has no motorist services between Salina and Green River for 110 miles. The freeway was not preceded by any kind of two-lane highway due to the rugged natures of the scenic San Rafael Swell in Emery County — neither U.S. 50 nor Utah 4 were routed on the location of today's freeway alignment.10 This segment cost $183.5 million to complete. Interstate 70 through proceeds east over the Green River and passes by the southern end of the Book Cliffs through the Grand Valley before entering Colorado.
North from Copper Mountain, Colorado, Interstate 70 winds through a canyon along Tenmile Range to the town of Frisco. Photo taken 08/11/16.
Interstate 70 traverses the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains via the Eisenhower and Johnson Tunnels, visible in this late autumn scene in the high country of Colorado. U.S. 6, which travels over Loveland Pass, follows the contours of the mountain to climb over the divide to provide an alternative to the tunnels. Photo taken by Jeff Royston (11/18/06).
U.S. 24, 40, 69, 75 (Topeka to Nebraska), and 81 were first considered as potential Interstate routes by Kansas on June 5, 1945. A subsequent submission by the Kansas State Highway Commission on May 22, 1946, resulted in three primary routes to be considered by the federal government: Route 1 (today's Interstate 70), Route 2 (today's Interstate 35), and Route 3 (today's Kansas 66; Interstate 44 avoids the Sunflower State).
The section of Interstate 70 that overlays the Kansas Turnpike was constructed in 1955 and 1956, with the entire turnpike opening on October 21, 1956.
On November 29, 1956, proposed Interstate 70 was rerouted away from Ellsworth, thus allowing for a more direct path between Russell and Salina. The old road (U.S. 40) is partially designated as Kansas 140 (Ellsworth to Salina) and the remainder (west of Ellsworth) is under local control.
The portions of the Kansas Turnpike that carry Interstate 35, Interstate 70, and Interstate 470 were approved as part of the Interstate Highway System by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in 1957. Interstate 335 was designated for the remaining unnumbered section of the Kansas Turnpike in 1987.
Interstate 70 was designated by AASHTO on August 14, 1957, as an original Interstate Highway from Denver east to Baltimore.
On April 22, 1958, the first "interstate" connection between two states (Kansas and Missouri) was opened along Interstate 70 in Kansas City.
On October 9, 1959, Interstate 70 between Abilene and Junction City opened.
During 1964, a large section of Interstate 70 around Salina (through Ellsworth, Lincoln, and Saline Counties) was under construction. Also during 1964, Interstate 70 opened between Colby and Oakley.
On November 16, 1966,15 Interstate 70 opened through Russell County, thus creating a continuous freeway from Colby east through Kansas City to St. Louis, Missouri.
Interstate 70 was completed in Kansas on June 17, 1970 with the opening of the segment at Goodland.
The completion of the 424-mile, border-to-border stretch of Interstate 70 was the longest continuous section of Interstate highway to be completed by any state as of 1970. In Kansas, the 370-mile section of Interstate 70 (excluding the Kansas Turnpike) cost $155.6 million to construct.
Between 1992 and August 2001, the East Topeka Interchange (Interstate 70, Interstate 470, U.S. 40, and Kansas 4 east of Topeka) was reconfigured, realigned, and reconstructed.
Interstate 70 enters Kansas City, Missouri along a 1.3-mile long viaduct east from the Kansas River bridge to Quality Hill. This view looks west at the elevated roadway from the Interstate 35 flyover ramp at the Alphabet Loop. Photo taken 06/18/15.
A 2000-installed sign on Interstate 70 east indicates that the designation discontinues at the Interstate 695 symmetrical stack interchange. This distinction is accurate now, but was not until 2014 when I-70 was formerly dropped east of the Beltway. Photo taken 08/04/13.
One mile ahead of the symmetrical stack interchange with Interstate 695 on I-70 east. Photo taken 08/04/13.
The right-hand two lanes of Interstate 70 default onto Exits 91A/B for the Baltimore Beltway. New York appears here for I-95 north along the JFK Memorial Highway. Photo taken 08/04/13.
The mainline for I-70 reduced to a single lane for the final 1.95 miles leading to Maryland 122 (Security Boulevard) and the Park and Ride lot. Photo taken 08/04/13.
Exit 91 splits for I-695 north (inner) and south (outer) from Interstate 70 east. I-695 encircles the city of Baltimore through such suburbs as Towson, Pikesville, Essex, Glen Burnie, and Dundalk. Photo taken 08/04/13.
More photos from this perspective found at Interstate 70 East – Carroll County to Baltimore on AARoads.
Heading west from the Ingleside Avenue on-ramp, traffic partitions into two lanes for the Baltimore Beltway and a single through lane for the I-70 westbound beginning. Originally three through lanes were striped here. Photo taken 06/17/00.
Replaced overhead signs posted at the Exit 91 off-ramp for Interstate 695 along I-70 west. Only 48 miles separate this junction with the city of Frederick. Photo taken by Tim Reichard (09/01/02).
Leading away from Exit 91, I-70 travels the top level of the four-level interchange with Interstate 695. A three-lane on-ramp follows from the Beltway. Photo taken by Tim Reichard (09/01/02).
More photos from this perspective found at Interstate 70 West – Baltimore to Carroll County on AARoads.
See photos from this perspective at Interstate 695 – Inner Loop (Exits 1 to 16) on AARoads.
See photos from this perspective at Interstate 695 – Outer Loop (Exits 32 to 16) on AARoads.
Historic Eastern Terminus – / Park and Ride east of – Baltimore, Maryland.
The eastern terminus originally was intended to end at Interstate 95 in southwestern Baltimore. Adamant neighborhood opposition in the city resulted in the cancellation of the majority of I-70 through the city, leaving the current stub end east of Interstate 695 and Security Blvd at a park and ride lot.
This will change with the planned removal of the 1.95-mile section of I-70 between the stack interchange at I-695 and the park and ride lot above MD-122.
Interstate 70 was supposed to run through Baltimore City and have it meet up with Interstate 95 just south of the Russell Street exit. This would be its ending point, thereby providing those of us living on the western end of the Baltimore Metro Area easy access to downtown. This would ease congestion on the western beltway along with The Jones Falls Expressway (JFX/Interstate 83) and Interstate 95. The plan was ultimately dropped because it would have cause so much destruction and would have caused immense amounts of horribly twisted local roads in Western Baltimore City.
Interstate 70 extended 1.95 miles east of the Baltimore Beltway. Three eastbound lanes tapered down to two beyond the 1.25-mile freeway ends sign. Photo taken 06/01/04.
The final exit along eastbound transcontinental Interstate 70 was Exit 94, Security Boulevard (Maryland 122) west and Cooks Lane east to U.S. 40 (Edmondson Avenue). Photo taken 06/01/04.
A second end sign preceded the freeway end by one half mile. Photo taken 06/01/04.
Traffic reduced to a single lane ahead of the loop ramp onto Maryland 122 (Security Boulevard) west. No ramp was built for Cooks Lane east into the city of Baltimore. Photo taken 06/01/04.
The park and ride lot comes into view as Exit 94 loops away from the ending I-70 onto Security Boulevard north. Trees of Gwynns Falls Park front the abandoned bus loop in the background. Photo taken 06/01/04.
Beyond Exit 94, drivers looped through the park and ride area and onto the former westbound beginning of Interstate 70. Photo taken by Tim Reichard (02/24/02).
A second loop, barricaded in this photo, was used for a bus stop. It is where the Gwynn Falls Trailhead is located. Photo taken by Tim Reichard (02/24/02).
The eastern end of pavement for Interstate 70 at Gwynns Falls Park visible from the park and ride lot. First photo taken 06/17/00 and second by Tim Reichard (02/24/02).
The park and ride lot also doubled as a resting point for truckers and storage area for trailers. Photos taken by Tim Reichard (02/24/02).
Looking west from a bus-lane turn around at the very east edge of pavement for Interstate 70 by Leakin Park. The six-lane mainline of I-70 was converted to a parking area while single lane collector distributor roadways served movements to and from Maryland 122 (Security Boulevard) and Ingleside Avenue. Photo taken 06/17/00.
A pair of shields directed motorists u-turning from the east end of the freeway onto I-70 west for the Baltimore beltway. Off-ramps followed for MD-122 west and east. Photo taken 06/17/00.
Approaching the signalized intersection with Ingleside Avenue west and Forest Park Avenue east along Maryland 122 (Security Boulevard) east. Maryland 122 and Interstate 70 both ended at their mutual interchange, but part of that interchange (Maryland 122 east to Interstate 70 west) uses ramps from Ingleside Avenue. The park and ride lot extended over the overpass. Photo taken 07/02/10.
Turning onto Ingleside Avenue west for I-70 west from MD-122 east. Security Boulevard and Maryland 122 end at forthcoming Forest Park Avenue west, with Cooks Lane taking over en route to U.S. 40 in Baltimore city. Photo taken 07/02/10.
A loop ramp provided access from MD-122 east onto the I-70 park and ride lot. Photo taken 07/02/10.
More photos from this perspective found at Maryland 122 @ AARoads.
A portion of the planned I-70 east to I-95 southbound flyover was constructed above Desoto Road along side Interstate 95. The northbound c/d roadway from Caton Avenue stays separated from the I-95 mainline to Washington Boulevard. The single-lane viaduct includes an unused slip ramp to a stub ramp meant for unconstructed I-70 west from I-95 north. A second stub appears beside the off-ramp (Exit 51) to Washington Avenue. This section of pavement was leftover from the planned ramp between unbuilt I-70 east to I-95 north. Vidcaps taken 07/04/93; photos taken 10/14/01.
Interstate 15 travels two miles north from Sulphurdale to Interstate 70 in southern Millard County. I-70 stems east from Exit 132 to Richfield, Salina, and Green River on its 232.15-mile journey through the state of Utah. Photo taken 08/09/14.
One mile south of the trumpet interchange (Exit 132) with Interstate 70 east. I-70 provides the main connection from Southern California and Las Vegas to Denver, Colorado. The freeway reaches the Mile High City in 505 miles. Photo taken 08/09/14.
The eastbound beginning of Interstate 70 departs I-15 north. Interstate 70 travels between Cove Fort, Utah and Baltimore, Maryland. The freeway serves such cities as Denver, Topeka, Kansas City, St. Louis, Indianapolis, Columbus, Wheeling and Pittsburgh along the 2,153.13 mile journey. This interchange was completed during the mid-1980s. Photo taken 08/09/14.
More photos from this perspective found at Interstate 15 North – Beaver, Millard, Juab, and Utah Counties on AARoads.
Original signage for Interstate 15 north at I-70 east. The town of Richfield represents the first population center along Interstate 70. The Sevier County seat is located to the south of Interstate 70 at Exit 40. Photo taken by Michael Summa (1986).
Two miles north of Interstate 70 east along I-15 south near Cove Fort. I-70 crosses the Pahvant Range nearby between Cove Fort and Sevier. The freeway turns northeast toward Richfield and Salina before crossing the Fish Lake Mountains en route to Green River. Photo taken 07/12/15.
One mile out from the trumpet interchange (Exit 132) with I-70 east on I-15 south. Interstate 70 serves a vastly unpopulated swath of eastern Utah on the 232.15 mile drive to the Colorado state line. The freeway reaches Grand Junction, Colorado in 257 miles on the drive to Denver. Photo taken 07/12/15.
The eastbound beginning of Interstate 70 leaves I-15 south at Exit 132. I-70 ends 2,151 miles to the east at the Baltimore Beltway (I-695). The freeway follows the U.S. 50 corridor from Richland east to Grand Junction and the U.S. 40 corridor from Denver east to Baltimore. Photo taken 07/12/15.
Original button copy signs posted at the then-unnumbered loop ramp to I-70 east from I-15 south. The pull-through panel, including the secondary control point of Beaver, remained in use until 2005. Photo taken by Michael Summa (1983).
Utah 161 links Interstate 70 and Interstate 15 with historic Cove Fort. The state highway follows old U.S. 91. The fort originated in 1867 as an outpost for weary pioneers traveling between Beaver and Fillmore. Created by Ira Hinckley at the request of Brigham Young, the settlement remained an attraction long after its duties came to an end. Photo taken 08/17/13.
I-15 meets Interstate 70 near the Millard and Beaver County line southwest of Cove Fort. The freeway replaced all of U.S. 91 from San Bernardino, California northward to Brigham City, Utah. The freeway joins Las Vegas with Salt Lake City along that stretch. Photo taken 08/17/13.
A look at the final Interstate 70 westbound reassurance marker, posted over 2,200 miles west of its beginning in Baltimore, Maryland. The Mineral Mountains rise above the western landscape giving the highway a much different look than that of the urban eastern terminus. Photo taken 08/17/13.
Interstate 70 reaches its western terminus at the trumpet interchange with Interstate 15 near Cove Fort. An unnumbered ramp carries traffic onto Interstate 15 north en route to Provo and Salt Lake City, while the left lane defaults onto southbound Interstate 15. Photo taken 08/17/13.
Milepost zero is posted along the westbound on-ramp to Interstate 15 south. Interstate 15 carries motorists 19 miles to Beaver, 73 miles to Cedar City, and 124 miles to St. George. Photo taken 08/17/13.
With the Mineral Mountains onlooking, the final mile of Interstate 70 as seen from the eastbound shoulder within the diamond interchange (Exit 1) with Utah 161. Photo taken by Chris P (1990).
Vintage button copy overheads posted at the partition of Interstate 70 west into north and southbound ramps for Interstate 15. Local control points, the Millard County Seat of Fillmore to the north and the Beaver County Seat by the same name to the south, were used in addition to the regional destinations of Las Vegas and Salt Lake City. Photo taken by Michael Summa (1984).
The zero milepost for Interstate 70 in Utah is located on the connecting ramp from northbound Interstate 15 onto eastbound Interstate 70. Photo taken by Chris Elbert (07/31/05).
This is the first shield for Interstate 70 east after the I-15 interchange by Cove Fort. I-70 continues east through Utah toward Grand Junction, Denver, Topeka, Kansas City, and St. Louis en route to the East Coast. Through this trip, the freeway leaves the Great Basin, traverses the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains, crosses the Mississippi River, and travels through the Appalachian Mountains before entering the Chesapeake Bay Watershed and the state of Maryland. Photo taken 08/09/14.
"This Mousetrap wasn't a snap, but after 17 years, project at I-70, I-25 has reached a close," by Kevin Flynn, Rocky Mountain News, December 16, 2003.
"I-70 shift gains support: Rerouting interstate hailed as efficient way to move traffic," by Kevin Flynn, Rocky Mountain News, September 28, 2004.
Why Does the Interstate Highway System Include Toll Facilities? from the official Federal Highway Administration web page.
"Interstate Alignment Shifted To Allow Runway Expansion", http://www.enr.com/news/transportation/archives/050103.asp Engineering News-Record, 01/03/2005.
Ask the Rambler: Why Does I-70 End in Cove Fort, Utah?
"1966 in Review – "A Look Back at Hays," Oct." The Hays Daily News (KS), October 1, 1999.
"Last leg of Interstate 70 completed." Sun Journal (Lewiston, ME), October 15, 1992.
"Plan takes I-70 out of Downtown." Columbus Dispatch (OH), February 7, 2004.
EB I-70 Peak Period Shoulder Lane (PPSL) fact sheet. Colorado Department of Transportation.
Interstate 70 – Construction Timeline. Colorado Department of Transportation, 50th Anniverary of the Interstate System web page.
"I-70 tunnel plan in Denver open for public review this week." The Denver Post (CO), September 22, 2014.
"Federal Highway Administration Approves I-70 Project." CBS 4 Denver, January 19, 2017.
"Feds sign off on $1.2B plan to lower, cover part of I-70 in Denver." Denver7 ABC, January 19, 2017.
Page updated April 12, 2017.


Well, here's a Neil Young blog with a twist - Parking Lot 9. It's labeled as "General discussion around (but not limited to): Neil Young, the New England Patriots, Boston professional sports, good food & drink. Yes, it's a wacky mix."
Tony and crew mix it up with their commentary on the football season and pretty much anything else that catches their fancy.
Good luck today against the Chiefs. Blog on, dudes!
Thanks for the mention Thrasher. Love the "Keep on tailgatin' in the freeworld!" comment!!
Now that a little time has passed, it is going to be inarestin' to see the 'HAWKS eat the STEELERS for LUNCH!
Neil Young Tickets http://www.ticketwood.com/concerts/Neil-Young-Tickets/index.php . So any body going to the Neil Young concert ??


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Homepage / Uncategorized / Jets' Zach Wilson breaks silence after dating drama goes viral: 'What I miss?'
Jets' Zach Wilson breaks silence after dating drama goes viral: 'What I miss?'
New York Jets quarterback Zach Wilson broke his social media silence Wednesday after his ex-girlfriend alleged he had slept with his mom's best friend.
Wilson posted photos of himself on Instagram with his Jets teammates working out in Idaho ahead of training camp.
Quarterback Zach Wilson, #2 of the New York Jets, calls a play in the huddle during the Tennessee Titans vs New York Jets game at MetLife Stadium on October 3, 2021 in East Rutherford, New Jersey. (Al Pereira/Getty Images)
"Took the boys to @gozzerranchclub in Idaho before camp! Poor cell service…what I miss?" he wrote in the caption of the collage of pictures.
Wilson was dragged into some off-field drama earlier in the week. It began when someone accused Wilson's ex-girlfriend, Abbey Gile, of being a "homie hopper" as she announced she was dating Washington Commanders wide receiver Dax Milne, who is a former teammate of Wilson's when the two were playing at BYU.
Gile responded to the comment, saying Wilson was the real "homie hopper" as he had allegedly slept with his mother's best friend.
LAMAR JACKSON DENIES SENDING MESSAGE TO RAVENS WITH 'I NEED $' PICTURE
Zach Wilson, #2 of the New York Jets, looks on prior to the game against the Carolina Panthers at Bank of America Stadium on September 12, 2021 in Charlotte, North Carolina. (Grant Halverson/Getty Images)
Wilson seemingly avoided any criticism at all. His teammates and other NFL figures were praising his sexual appetites.
It is unclear when Wilson and Gile broke up. The Jets quarterback is currently dating social media influencer Nicollete Dellano and has been spotted with her several times.
Wilson is entering his second season in the NFL. The No. 2 overall pick of the 2021 draft played in 13 games last season. He had nine touchdowns, 11 interceptions and 2,334 passing yards.
New York was 4-13 in their first season under head coach Robert Saleh.
Quarterback Zach Wilson, #2 of the New York Jets, during New York Jets mandatory minicamp at Atlantic Health Jets Training Center on June 15, 2022 in Florham Park, New Jersey. (Rich Schultz/Getty Images)
The Jets are expected to have a bit of a better season with a reloaded and healthy offense. Wilson will have Mekhi Becton back on the offensive line, and C.J. Uzomah and Garrett Wilson as more targets to throw to.
Ryan Gaydos is the sports editor for Fox News and Fox Business. Story tips can be sent to [email protected]
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Somber does not really carry around expose guns because he employees the use of diplomacy more often than not, however, in certain cases the League sets the response tier on a target, higher up which means that often the targets are at high risk of attack or the target is known to use deadly force.
Careful where you point that gun!
I really like the balance you've achieved between simplicity and attention to detail here!
D'aw, look how happy that gun makes him XP It's so nice to see people enjoy what they're doing.
Such style! Somber won't be outgunned!
Awesome! I can imagine it in a middle of a dangerous mission.
"Make a joke about helicopters and I swear I will shoot you in the face..."


Carol in a Page features products I've purchased myself and press samples, but rest assured that all opinions expressed on this blog are my own and that I only recommend products I truly love.
Any sponsored content will always be clearly marked.
Everything on Carol in a Page has been created by me (Carolina Braina) unless otherwise stated and is protected by copyright. Please, do not use any content without my express written permission. You can contact me at carol@carolinapage.eu.


Gentleman's Box January 2016 Review!
Disclosure: This box was sent to me in exchange for an honest review. No affiliate links were used.
Cost: $25/monthly + Free Shipping to USA. $8 shipping to Canada.
What's in the box: Four to six hand-selected products for men, accompanied by the latest issue of GQ Magazine (U.S. and Canada only).
Note: The GQ magazine that's included with the subscription used to be shipped together in the box, but now it comes separately in the mail.
Men's subscription boxes are quite few to find so I love it when I get the opportunity to review one. It's such a treat!
You immediately see the info magazine that they include with every box on the top of the inside packaging.
The info magazine displays the items included in the box and a little info on them as well. I love it when subscription boxes do this, it just feels quality and shows that they pay attention to the small details.
And finally you see some products!
All the items look great and I'm already so excited, especially with the inclusion of a watch, score!!!
This lapel pin is made of wood so it's both innovative and unique at the same time, I like it. The style of this wooden lapel will be perfect for a spring or summer outdoor event. My husband definitely does not have a wooden lapel in his collection, so this is a first and I can't wait to see him wear it.
This lip balm is made with the finest natural and organic ingredients. It's also a no shine lip balm so you or your man can moisturize and hydrate your lips without getting that girly shiny gloss that typically comes with it. Plus it also provides broad-spectrum UVA/UVB protection with SPF15. Finally, a great manly lip balm that my husband can actually use!
Not only is this wristwatch casual and cool at the same, they also included two additional interchangeable straps for you to switch up based on your mood or outfit. How thoughtful!
I always like watches with a clean design, not only for aesthetics, but also because it's versatile and can fit into any outfit. What a great watch to receive and it will surely be used for many years to come.
My Thoughts: What an awesome box! All the items were great and I totally appreciate the inclusion of a wristwatch, but even more grateful that it also includes two additional interchangeable straps. Especially the camo pattern, a clear favorite. The total value of this box came up to $100.50 which is amazing for the $25 cost. This is such a great subscription to have if you're into accessorizing or want to upgrade your looks and be dapper!
Not a subscriber? You can join here to start receiving monthly accessories and lifestyle products for men!


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Ted Williams: "The Greatest Hitter Who Ever Lived"
About Big Papi Productions/About Nick Davis Productions
Established by ten-time MLB All-Star and three-time World Series Champion David Ortiz, Big Papi Productions creates uniquely engaging content. Through a variety of projects in digital, documentary films, and scripted and unscripted television, Big Papi Productions aims to share authentic, meaningful stories, central to the company's mission. Past work includes ESPN Films' digital documentary "David Ortiz: The Last Walk Off," as well as "The Big Papi Network" on go90, both of which showcase Ortiz's signature combination of humor and dedication, which are also seen throughout a number of projects the production company has currently in development.
About Nick Davis Productions
Founded in 2001 by award-winning filmmaker Nick Davis, NICK DAVIS PRODUCTIONS has produced over 70 hours of award-winning television for A&E, Bravo, Lifetime, History Channel and more. Among production highlights are two seasons of Making News for the TV Guide Network, A&E's New York at the Movies, hosted by Meryl Streep, the acclaimed cycling documentary Blood, Sweat + Gears for the Sundance Channel, Rebuilding Ground Zero for the Discovery Channel, and the Hugo-Award series Stories of the Innocence Project. Nick Davis also produced and directed the acclaimed independent feature film 1999 and Jack: The Last Kennedy Film, an Emmy Award-winning two-hour biography for CBS. Davis is the third generation of his family in the entertainment business – his father Peter Davis made the Academy Award-winning documentary Hearts and Minds, and his grandfather Herman J. Mankiewicz wrote Citizen Kane with Orson Welles.
URL: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/ted-williams-greatest-hitter-ever-lived-film/10293/
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