Inspired by the robustness of a climber's haul bag, but designed for the brutality of the school or work commute, this utilitarian pack protects your stuff from rain, rough handling and the rigors of daily life. The abrasion-resistant, waterproof fabric is complemented by water-resistant construction, and the pack opens completely for easy loading and unloading. The internal sleeve fits most 15in. laptops and is padded to protect your computer from impacts.
Fabric is polyester (50% solution dyed) with a TPU film laminate and a DWR finish for water resistance.
Unique dual zippers for front or side access.
Padded shoulder straps with a sternum strap for comfortable carrying.
Small front pocket to hold your phone or keys.
Moulded back panel sheds moisture and promotes airflow.
Integrated fixed-top lid gives you access to the main compartment.
Daisy chain lash points to attach yoga mat or skateboard.
Compression straps cinch down your load.


text:
When a Non-Compete Agreement is Enforceable Under New York Law
The Biggest Challenge in Determining Whether a New York Court Will - or Won't - Enforce a Non-Compete Agreement
While not terribly gratifying, the truth is that it can be a bit difficult to predict with absolute certainty what a New York court will do when confronted with a non-compete regarding a senior-level, key employee.
The reason is fairly straightforward:
These are usually fact-specific inquiries, which means that each case must be evaluated on its own, and it is rare indeed that a court will use a bright-line test to declare, from the get-go, that a particular non-compete clause is invalid. (At least not in New York, anyway).
The 4 Primary Factors that New York's Courts Will Consider in Evaluating the Enforceability of a Non-Compete Clause
That said, New York State's highest court has set forth four (4) criteria that will determine whether the non-compete (a/k/a "restrictive covenant") is reasonable, and therefore, enforceable:
(1) the restriction does not go beyond that which is needed to protect a "legitimate interest of the employer";
(2) the restriction is not overly broad, and therefore manifestly unfair, to the employee;
(3) the restriction is not "injurious to the public"; and,
(4) the non-compete clause has to be limited - reasonably - both in terms of length of time as well as in geographic scope.
Admittedly, this list isn't exactly a model of clarity - particularly if you're looking to find out whether your (soon to be) former employer's non-compete clause can be enforced against you.
Some Other Factors That New York's Courts Will Consider
Luckily, the Court of Appeals has gone further, and enumerated some of the factors it will consider in deciding whether to enforce a particular non-compete agreement:
"[N]o restrictions should fetter an employee's right to apply to his own best advantage the skills and knowledge acquired by the overall experience of his previous employment. This includes those techniques which are but 'skillful variations of general processes known to the particular trade.'
On the other hand ...
"[T]he courts must also recognize the legitimate interest an employer has in safeguarding that which has made his business successful and to protect himself against deliberate surreptitious commercial piracy."
Doesn't that leave us right back where we started? No; Not exactly.
Rather, the courts are obliged to enforce a non-compete (a/k/a a "restrictive covenant") so long as it is needed to keep a former employee from breaching his fiduciary duty and wrongfully disclosing the employer's confidential, proprietary information that it expended time, money and effort to develop.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Como copiar o conteúdo de um code parameter hint? Em Delphi, quando pressionamos a combinação CTRL+SHIFT+ESPAÇO após os parênteses de uma função, a IDE traz um code parameter hint, dizendo os campos que devem ser informados para aquela função.
Gostaria de saber se há uma forma de copiar todo este parameter hint para uma String ou TEdit, para que eu possa usá-lo como um auxiliar de consulta.
Por exemplo, ao pressionar o botão FormatFloat, o programa me mostra o texto do hint parameter desta função (no caso, FormatFloat(const Format: string; Value: Extended))
Aceito também qualquer alternativa que me permita exibir as variáveis utilizadas na chamada de uma função.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
SBS National Languages Competition 2017 (24 July to 1 September)
SBS is conducting its National Languages Competition from 24 July to 1 September 2017.
Students aged 4 to 18 years across Australia who are learning a language other than English are invited to participate by creating a short video about what learning a language means to them.
For more information, please visit the following website and see the attached documents.
www.sbs.com.au/NLC17
MLTA Linguafest short film competition
Students in Years 5-10 are invited to participate in the 2017 MLTA of NSW Inc. Linguafest Competition.
Students need to create and submit a short film, formatted as a AVI or MP4 (no more than 2 minutes in length), using the target language they are studying. Films should be submitted online. The film should be based on the theme 'A second chance'. Following the format of the Tropfest competition, somewhere in the film students need to have a watch.
Competition entries close 20 September 2017.
For more details visit the MLTA website.
MLTA Linguafest Film Screening and Awards
The MLTA Linguafest Film Screening at Event Cinemas George Street Sydney was a wonderful celebration of students' language learning. This short film competition is now in its 10th year, and the finalists' films were creative and entertaining, with technology expertise embedded. They all looked very professional on the big screen!
The two minute films were in the target language studied by students and were based on the theme "A dream". Somewhere in the film, students needed to have a balloon. Languages represented in the films were Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Hebrew, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese and Macedonian.
Well done to all of the competition entrants and finalists and congratulations to the following Department of Education school winners:
Asquith Girls High School - Best drama
Manly Selective College - Best animation
Rose Bay Public School - Stage 3 winner
Holroyd High School - Stage 4 winner
Carlton Public School, Open High School and Sydney Secondary College, Balmain campus all received Judge's High Commendation awards.
The MLTA Linguafest Competition is a wonderful event to incorporate project-based learning and technology skills into languages. Stay up-to-date with the MLTA website for more information and be sure to factor it into your planning for next year.


text:
Q: AWS API Gateway - Custom Domain - Unable to complete operation due to concurrent modification while Configure API mappings, Getting below error.

Unable to complete operation due to concurrent modification. Please try again later.

A: The problem is resolved for me. Supposedly it is known issue in ap-south-1 region of AWS. Workaround is to create the API Mapping using cli. The cli command to create API mapping is given below:
aws apigateway create-base-path-mapping --domain-name <domainname> --rest-api-id <API ID> --stage <stage name> --base-path <basepathvalue>
This worked for me. Hope it works for you.

A: Try to recreate custom domain to resolve the problem, worked for me. CLI command didn't work, raised same issue as UI.

A: The problem is resolved for me. it is known issue for ap-south-1 region of AWS.
CLI also not work if you logging with aws UI and CMD.
So as per aws its single instance. So if you trying from CLI and also not work it means log off from aws UI.
Hope its helpful for you.


The QLD Government have just announced that they are setting up a register of battery storage systems that have been installed and are urging all Queenslanders that have a grid connected battery storage system installed to register their system with either Ergon or Energex (Energex cover South East Queensland) and Ergon everywhere. As a reward for registering you will be paid $50 directly into your bank account.
It is a legal requirement that installers notify Energex or Ergon and receive approval for battery systems before the system is installed however it is believed that some installers have not followed this process which can lead to potential safety issues.
If you are unsure of any of these details then please contact the company that installed your system.
For more information on solar power or battery storage contact Sunworks Solar, the Sunshine Solar solar experts, today.
by signing up to Australia's first battery storage database.
which will also improve safety during emergencies.
during peak periods," he said.
price spikes and increase the resilience of the power networks," he said.
anything to the distribution network – including a battery system.
national register of battery storage systems and other distributed energy devices.
the national system was in place.
again, Queensland is the renewable energy leader," he said.
electricity supply may be shut off but the battery system can still remain live.
www.ergon.com.au (external site) ( http://www.ergon.com.au/ ).


text:
Published on January 4, 2009 December 29, 2015 by Barbara Samuel
"We tell ourselves stories in order to live," writes Joan Didion in The White Album. I was reading the book last night while I waited for my younger son to arrive home on snowy roads, reading it because I knew she would sweep me away from my worry and I could think about things like stories instead of all the disasters that could befall him.
He's staying with me for awhile as he makes a transition from one city to another, and this is the part I dreaded: the plunge into that low-level, eternal worry that all mothers know all too intimately. The knowing he is on an icy road late at night in in a highly impractical car. Calling me on the cell phone to tell me how terrible it is.
I read Didion so I could think about writing and study what she's doing that I like so much–I've been reading one collection after another, gulping them down. She's very literary, of course, all that pizzaz and conscious styling that can be annoying, but in her hands is not. Last night, I read that line and my mind was off–what stories do we tell ourselves to make sense of life? I am conscious, most of the time, that I am always shaping events into a narrative; the unasked questions make me crazy: why did they do that? What happens then?
My son called again to say he'd spun out in his impractical car, trying to avoid a tractor-trailer pulled over on the side of the road. He was shaken, but safe. No accident, everything safely averted (thanks, I think, to me sitting in my dark office before a lit candle to the Virgin of Guadalupe only moments before, offering prayers of safe passage, imagining giant, muscular angel wings protecting him and his car, a visual that was the only thing that let me sleep when they were teenagers and driving and doing all the foolish things teenagers will do behind the wheel). He made it here safely a couple of hours later, vowing to get a more sensible vehicle on Monday. I slid into my office, to the corner where the candle still burned in the darkness, and whispered a thank you.
The story I told last night was that Guadalupe and angel wings could protect my son on an icy night. It gave me peace enough that I could make a cup of tea and sit in the living room and read and wait for his arrival, calm in the expectation that he would walk through the door. I could wonder again at my pleasure in Didion's work, her very western cadence, which makes me think about myself as a western writer and what I might have to say about that (but not today).
All mothers find a story that keeps them sane as the beloved little toddler grows into a seven year old who crosses streets by himself, and an high school student who rides with other kids. I wonder sometimes about the wives of soldiers serving in Iraq and Afghanistan, or the wives of policemen.
I wonder. Which is, of course, why I write stories like Lost Recipe, where a woman is mourning her sister for twenty years.
What stories do you tell to keep yourself sane and alive?
PS this blog is crossposted to barbaraoneal.com, which I will be doing regularly. Not sure how this will all shake out, as that feels like a slightly different "magazine," but I'll keep you posted.
Honoring those who walked with us….
One of the most astonishing sights I have ever seen was a graveyard high on
RITA AWARD FOR THE LOST RECIPE FOR HAPPINESS!!!
I thought you might like to see the sisters. More when I can actually sit
The Lost Art of Family Dinners
Dinner in Suburbia by Make Less Noise
When I was a child,
Cooking and books, books and cooking: my Julie/Julia story
One Christmas season, I was at loose ends. I was finally, officially divorced after a
An excellent review and interview
The Gazette Telegraph's book columnist had some lovely things to say about The Lost Recipe
Last Modified on December 29, 2015
This entry was posted in Writing life
Tagged with joan didion, keeping watch, the lost recipe for happiness, vigil
Bookmark this article Telling stories
[caption id="attachment_365" align="alignnone" width="300" caption="Dinner in Suburbia by Make Less Noise"][/caption]When I was a child,
A few favorite things on this first day of the year
News and reminders
10 thoughts on "Telling stories"
Eva Gale
When things like that happen I sit there and ask forgiveness for all of the wretched crazy things I've done when I was a wild oat sower and then I hope that my fervent repentence will make MY child safe that night. That's my story. *g* If I'm really feeling the pressure I call my mother up and apologize. That normally does the trick.
Eva, that's beautiful!
Erin Scoggins
I love those stories of children getting lost in the woods who are found, safe and sound, curled up next to their dogs. My son's best friend is a large, goofy mutt named Katie, and I am convinced that if he ever got lost, she'd be walking the trail beside him, keeping him warm and happily entertained.
I've always worried more about my son than I have about my daughter, for reasons I won't get into here. However, what keeps me from going into a full-blown panic attack about him is comparing him to his grandfather, who is a wonderful and wise man – a hard worker who is respected by all for his integrity. My son is so much like his grandfather in so many ways, that it's eerie. So, when I start worrying about my son, I start listing in what ways he's like his grandfather and then tell myself, "See? He'll turn out just like his grandfather did." It always calms me down.
I love that, Barb.
Turns out my son's car was smashed on the highway (!). So happy he wasn't in it. Now he can find some sensible thing. (hahahaha)
Barb Ferrer
I tell myself love stories.
Not romances, in the predestined HEA sort of way, but love stories of all sorts that allow my imagination to soar, encompassing all manner of emotion, yet that ultimately leave me feeling grounded in this world.
Yvonne Erwin
Oh. My. God. Barb, you've stared straight into my soul.
Mothers and sons,who can describe that bond? It is unbreakable, unsurmountable, woven so tight it cannot be broken. When I read this post, again, I wept. My own son, my oldest son, Michael, is out tonight on a frigid dark night in January (not the first time) and I find myself praying to a God I don't recognize for Michael's safety, for him to return home, alright (not the first time).
I identify completely with what you said because I've said it a thousand times myself about my own son.
My son is only 3 and a half… however, I constantly think of the time that he will be the age of your son(s) and also my daughters who are still so young… and the absolute terror of it/the possibilities can sometimes take my breath away…
I think I need to find my own Guadalupe (of sorts)… those thoughts don't do well swirling around my mind! Better to have a focus I think…!!
Melissa Compton
I am so glad that your son was safe. This was a beautiful post. I've heard from a lot of people who did not like A Year of Magical Thinking, but I loved it. Perhaps because I was in the right frame of mind for identifying with her at the time I read it.
I don't have a son yet, but in our struggles with Lyme, I tell myself stories everyday. That my husband's new therapy is working. That he will get better. That he will find the strength to keep working, keep treating, keep researching, keep moving. That I will, too. Somedays the stories are believable. Other days less so, but we are still going, still moving forward. There are days when the stories are the only thing that keep me from a full-blown panic attack, but the next day is always better…
Thank you, Barbara, for sharing these moments with us. 🙂
Melissa, living with chronic disease, with love and honor and any kind of sanity, definitely requires stories.
I hope to see you in Santa Barbara this summer!
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This kit has only the highest quality components. Kit comes complete with 16 feet of red #1 gauge positive cable and 3 feet of black #1 gauge cable, both with heavy duty battery terminals already installed capable of handling over 250 AMPS. Kit includes side post adapters and high Amp crimp ring terminals.
remote battery junction block kit to safely pass battery power and ground through any firewall.


text:
Sojus TMA-04M ist eine Missionsbezeichnung für einen Flug des russischen Raumschiffs Sojus zur Internationalen Raumstation. Im Rahmen des ISS-Programms trägt der Flug die Bezeichnung ISS AF-30S. Es war der 30. Besuch eines Sojus-Raumschiffs an der ISS und der 136. Flug im Sojusprogramm.

Besatzung

Hauptbesatzung
 Gennadi Iwanowitsch Padalka (4. Raumflug), Kommandant, (Russland/Roskosmos)
 Sergei Nikolajewitsch Rewin (1. Raumflug), Bordingenieur, (Russland/Roskosmos)
 Joseph Michael Acaba (2. Raumflug), Bordingenieur, (USA/NASA)

Ersatzmannschaft
 Oleg Wiktorowitsch Nowizki (1. Raumflug), Kommandant, (Russland/Roskosmos)
 Jewgeni Igorewitsch Tarelkin (1. Raumflug), Bordingenieur, (Russland/Roskosmos)
 Kevin Anthony Ford (2. Raumflug), Bordingenieur, (USA/NASA)

Missionsbeschreibung
Die Mission brachte drei Besatzungsmitglieder der ISS-Expeditionen 31 und 32 zur Internationalen Raumstation. Das Sojus-Raumschiff löste Sojus TMA-22 als Rettungskapsel ab.

Ursprünglich sollte die Mission am 30. März 2012 starten. Allerdings wurde bei Dichtigkeitstest im Energija-Werk Koroljow die Wiedereintrittskapsel des Sojus-Raumschiffs stark beschädigt. Man entschied, das komplette Raumschiff mit der Seriennummer 704 auszusondern und die Herrichtung des eigentlich für Sojus TMA-05M vorgesehenen Raumschiffs zu beschleunigen. Dadurch verschob sich der nächstmögliche Starttermin von Sojus TMA-04M auf den 15. Mai 2012. Das ursprüngliche Raumschiff wurde mit einer neuen Landekapsel versehen und mit der Seriennummer 704A beim Raumflug Sojus TMA-07M eingesetzt.

Sojus TMA-04M startete dann problemlos am 15. Mai 2012 um 3:01 UTC von der Startrampe 1 des Kosmodroms Baikonur zur ISS. Zwei Tage später koppelte das Raumschiff um 4:36 UTC in einer Rekordhöhe von 399 Kilometern am russischen Miniforschungsmodul Poisk an.

Die Abkopplung von der ISS erfolgte am 16. September 2012 um 23:09 UTC. Dies markierte das Ende der ISS-Expedition 32 und den Beginn der Expedition 33. Die Landung in Kasachstan erfolgte etwa vier Stunden später am 17. September 2012 um 02:53 UTC. Mit diesem Flug hatte Padalka insgesamt 711 Tage im All verbracht, nur Sergei Krikaljow mit 803 Tagen, Alexander Kaleri mit 769 Tagen und Sergei Awdejew mit 747 Tagen haben noch mehr Weltraumerfahrung als er.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Sojus-Missionen
 Liste der bemannten Raumflüge

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Sojus-Mission
Russische bemannte Raumfahrt
NASA
Raumfahrtmission 2012

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Sabzabad (, also Romanized as Sabzābād) is a village in Rizab Rural District, Qatruyeh District, Neyriz County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 149, in 36 families.

References

Populated places in Neyriz County


text:
Impulse Buy Theater - Black Dynamite
For a parody to be truly effective, it has to love its target. Take Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein, for instance. The numerous call outs to Universal's original Frankenstein as well as many of their other monster films of the 30's showed that not only could Brooks poke fun, but pay homage as well. This is where so many parody films fail…and fail miserably. Take the Scary Movie series or its kin such as Epic Movie, Superhero Movie or Meet the Spartans [Please? Yeah, I know, that joke didn't work in the 30's when it was about the stand-up's wife…but still... – Ed.] where really all we're shown is just a series of jokes about current popular movies loosely woven together in…well, to call it even the thinnest of thin plots would be an insult to extremely thin plots everywhere. The greats, such as the aforementioned Young Frankenstein, Galaxy Quest, Shaun of the Dead and others take the time to do their homework and go for a deeper laugh…not just a barrage of gags. I'm very happy to report that in 2009, another film I feel joined these lofty ranks…Black Dynamite.
Sho nuff Dynamite!
Dynamite! Dynamite!
Duh dum dum dum…
[You know you can't sing…much less sing via text on the internet…right??? – Ed.]
Black Dynamite, brain-child of Michael Jai White, Byron Minns and Scott Sanders, not only lovingly recreates the attitude and feel of blaxpoitation cinema in its heyday, but, as any good parody must, turns the proceedings up to 11…highlighting and heightening its target genre, faults and all.
Grab a taste of what you have to look forward to here:
The story focuses on our Main Man Black Dynamite, Soul Brother #1 [Sorry James Brown! – Ed.] as he tracks down those responsible for killing his little brother, Jimmy. That's no simple task as each clue reveals another party in this devious plot, from the Black Panthers to the mob, the congress of Pimps to the CIA, the fiendish Dr. Wu all the way up to The Man himself. In that twisted trail, we hit all the core themes of Blaxploitation in its prime, the struggle against Whitey, music, drugs, pimping, action, car chases, guns and, of course, massive amounts of both super-cool and kung-fu…SUUEEEEEEEEEEEEEE!
In conversations about acting, you learn that comedy is downright hard and is certainly serious business. You might be an Oscar-winning dramatic performer, but that doesn't mean you're going to be able to pull off a comedic role. Now, certainly no one is going to mistake Michael Jai White for either of those. My experience with him has been mostly limited, from my first exposure to him being in 1997's Spawn (which I didn't have much nice to say about it) to various trailers for martial arts action films that went direct to dvd (and direct to WalMart discount bin from there). But…damn. Everything from his presence to comedic timing is just dead on here. Maybe it's because he's the originator of the idea. Maybe it's because both action and comedy depend on split-second timing. [Maybe it's Maybelline? – Ed.] You see, this all came about because of one Halloween, White decided to have a photo shoot done of himself in 70's attire and labeled it 'Black Dynamite'. From there, he and Byron Minns fleshed out the story. But that's what I'm getting at, not only as an on-screen presence, but the wit, intelligence and the study and execution of Blaxploitation film tropes in the film are second to none. Getting back to his on-screen presence, if you pay attention (and it's hinted at in the trailer linked to above), Michael Jai White isn't playing Black Dynamite in this film…he's playing 'all-star running back Ferrante Jones' playing Black Dynamite…so playing a character within a character [COMBOOOO! – Ed.] on top of an action star branching out into comedy? I simply cannot gush about this performance more. I mean, sure, I could, but do you really want to read me getting all that…well…icky? [No, certainly not. – Ed.]
Moving on to other characters, one particular stand out is co-writer Byron Minns' Bullhorn, very much in the mold of Rudy Ray Moore's Dolamite. He's the narrator of the trailer and…well, c'mon. If you don't love the guy from that narration…well, maybe you're reading the wrong review. Community activist Gloria played by Sally Richardson Whitfield delves into the obsessively "I can do this without any man" feminist stereotype. Tommy Davidson impresses as Cream Corn, a pimp very much in the vein of Antonio Fargas. Phil Morris as the militant leader…well, thanks to him, whenever I hear the phrase "That, that's some heavy shit right there," I…well…I'll always want to lick something. [Is that something you REALLY need to share on the internet??? – Ed.] Kym Whitley's Honey Bee unfortunately doesn't get much time to shine, neither she nor her girls…who are trained in kung-fu, by the way. Lastly, he said in conclusion, I absolutely have to call out Darrel Heath's Militant #2…shows picture…reading both his lines and stage directions. Just…brilliant.
Another collaborator that adds an invaluable contribution to the movie is Adrian Younge's music…making this parody truly complete. Sure, it would've been enough to just recreate the sound of 70's soul and funk and leave it at that. But listen closely to the music in the background…it's narrating the film…giving a completely unnecessary play-by-play of the film…and it's PERFECT. Hell, I'm going to order the soundtrack just so I can "watch" the movie in my car every morning on the way to work! [Given rush hour traffic, why not just bring the DVD and watch the movie? Won't really make that much of a difference, will it? Eh, Seattle traffic? – Ed.]
The shame of it is that this film is 7 years old. In that time, sure, Adult Swim has produced 2 seasons of an animated series, and yes, we learned from the Naked Gun movies that sequels are strictly beholden to the law of diminishing returns. But come on, we all have that one joke or funny story that no matter how many times we hear it, sure, we may not piss ourselves to it like we used to [Really? You're going to bring up the Monty Python and the Holy Grail story now??? Have you no shame sir??? – Ed.] but it's ALWAYS funny to us. Black Dynamite hits that note for me. And for a second dose of that? Hell yes. While Michael Jai White has not only confirmed that 2 is coming, but, in an interview with vulture.com, said that he'd always envisioned a trilogy. If that's the case, I can happily say…
SHUT UP AND TAKE MY MONEY!
In the meantime, do yourself a favor and hunt this film down. Then watch it. Then watch it again. Repeat as needed.
Buh dum dum dum…
Yeah, that's gonna get stuck in your head.
#IBT #movies


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text:
Venus's-flytrap
Jerry Moran
Office of U.S. Senator Jerry Moran
(born 1954). American politician Jerry Moran was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He began representing Kansas in that body the following year.
Moran was born on May 29, 1954, in Great Bend, Kansas. He attended Fort Hays State University (FHSU) before transferring to the University of Kansas, where he earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1976 and a law degree in 1981. He then worked as a state and county attorney and taught political science at FHSU. In 1988 he won a seat in the Kansas Senate. Eight years later he successfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives from the largely rural 1st congressional district, which encompassed more than half the state. Moran was reelected to Congress six times and eventually became a senior member of the House Committee on Agriculture. In 2010 he ran for the U.S. Senate, winning by a commanding majority in a four-way race.
As a senator, Moran continued to be involved in agricultural affairs. He became chair of the Senate subcommittee on agriculture, rural development, food and drug administration, and related agencies in 2015. He also dealt with national security and military matters as well as issues tied to technology. At the same time, he was a vocal opponent of many of President Barack Obama's programs and proposals, most notably the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010). Moran served as chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee from 2012 to 2014. He was reelected to a second term in 2016.


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Marie-Thérèse Charlotte (19 December 1778 – 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette of France. In 1799 she married her cousin Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, the eldest son of Charles, Count of Artois, henceforth becoming the Duchess of Angoulême. She was briefly disputed Queen of France in 1830. Marie-Thérése was the only child of her parents to reach adulthood.

She became Dauphine of France upon the accession of her uncle and father-in-law, Charles X, to the French throne in 1824. Technically she was queen for twenty minutes, on 2 August 1830, between the time her father-in-law signed the instrument of abdication and the time her husband, reluctantly, signed the same document.

Early life (1778–1789)

Marie-Thérèse Charlotte was born at the Palace of Versailles on 19 December 1778, the first child (after eight years of her parents' marriage) and eldest daughter of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. As the daughter of the King of France, she was a fille de France, and as the eldest daughter of the king, she was styled Madame Royale at birth.

Marie Antoinette almost died of suffocation during the birth process due to a crowded and unventilated room, but the windows were finally opened to let fresh air in the room in an attempt to revive her. As a result of the horrible experience, Louis XVI banned public viewing, allowing only close family members and a handful of trusted courtiers to witness the birth of the next royal children. When she was revived, the queen greeted her daughter (whom she later nicknamed Mousseline) with delight:

Marie-Thérèse was baptised on the day of her birth. She was named after her maternal grandmother, the reigning Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. Her second name, Charlotte, was for her mother's favourite sister, Maria Carolina of Austria, Queen consort of Naples and Sicily, whom was known as Charlotte in the family.

Marie-Thérèse's household was headed by her governess, Princess Victoire of Rohan-Guéméné, who later had to resign due to her husband's bankruptcy and was replaced by one of the queen's closest friends, Yolande de Polastron, Duchesse de Polignac. The actual care was, however, given by the sub governesses, notably Baroness Marie Angélique de Mackau. Louis XVI was an affectionate father, who delighted in spoiling his daughter, while her mother was stricter.

Marie Antoinette was determined that her daughter should not grow up to be as haughty as her husband's unmarried aunts. She often invited children of lower rank to come and dine with Marie-Thérèse and, according to some accounts, encouraged the child to give her toys to the poor. In contrast to her image as a materialistic queen who ignored the plight of the poor, Marie Antoinette attempted to teach her daughter about the sufferings of others. One account, written by a partisan source some years after her death, says that on New Year's Day in 1784, after having some beautiful toys brought to Marie-Thérèse's apartment, Marie Antoinette told her:

Marie-Thérèse was joined by two brothers and a sister, Louis Joseph Xavier François, Dauphin of France, in 1781, Louis-Charles de France, Duke of Normandy, in 1785, and Sophie Hélène Béatrix, Madame Sophie, in 1786. Out of all her siblings, she was closest to Louis Joseph, and after his death, Louis Charles. As a young girl, Marie-Thérèse was noted to be quite attractive, with beautiful blue eyes, inheriting the good looks of her mother and maternal grandmother. She was the only one of her parents' four children to survive past age 10.

Life during the Revolution (1789–1795)
As Marie-Thérèse matured, the march toward the French Revolution was gaining momentum. Social discontent mixed with a crippling budget deficit provoked an outburst of anti-absolutist sentiment. By 1789, France was hurtling toward revolution as the result of bankruptcy brought on by the country's support of the American Revolution and high food prices due to drought, all of which was exacerbated by propagandists whose central object of scorn and ridicule was the Queen of France, Marie Antoinette.

As the attacks upon the queen grew ever more vicious, the popularity of the monarchy plummeted. Inside the court at Versailles, jealousies and xenophobia were the principal causes of resentment and anger toward Marie Antoinette. Her unpopularity with certain powerful members of the court, including the Duke of Orléans, led to the printing and distribution of scurrilous pamphlets which accused her of a range of sexual depravities as well as of spending the country into financial ruin. While it is now generally agreed that the queen's actions did little to provoke such animosity, the damage these pamphlets inflicted upon the monarchy proved to be a catalyst for the upheaval to come.

The worsening political situation, however, had little effect on Marie-Thérèse, as more immediate tragedies struck when her younger sister, Sophie, died in 1787, followed two years later by the dauphin, Louis Joseph, who died of tuberculosis, on 4 June 1789, one day after the opening of the Estates-General.

Move to the Tuileries
When the Bastille was stormed by an armed mob on 14 July 1789, the situation reached a climax. The life of the 10-year-old Madame Royale began to be affected as several members of the royal household were sent abroad for their own safety. The Comte d'Artois, her uncle, and the Duchesse de Polignac, governess to the royal children, emigrated on the orders of Louis XVI.

The Duchesse de Polignac was replaced by Princess Louise-Elisabeth de Croÿ, Marquise de Tourzel, whose daughter Pauline became a lifelong friend of Marie-Thérèse.

On 5 October, a mixed cortège of mainly working women from Paris marched to Versailles, intent on acquiring food believed to be stored there, and to advance political demands. After the invasion of the palace in the early hours of 6 October had forced the family to take refuge in the king's apartment, the crowd demanded and obtained the move of the king and his family to the Tuileries Palace in Paris.

As the political situation deteriorated, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette realized that their lives were in danger, and went along with the plan of escape organised with the help of Count Axel von Fersen. The plan was for the royal family to flee to the northeastern fortress of Montmédy, a royalist stronghold, but the attempted flight was intercepted in Varennes, and the family was escorted back to Paris.

Temple
On 10 August 1792, after the royal family had taken refuge in the Legislative Assembly, Louis XVI was deposed, although the monarchy was not abolished before 21 September. On 13 August, the entire family was imprisoned in the Temple Tower, remains of a former medieval fortress. On 21 January 1793, Louis XVI was executed on the guillotine, at which time Marie-Thérèse's young brother Louis Charles was recognized as King Louis XVII of France by the royalists.

Almost six months later, in the evening of 3 July 1793, guards entered the royal family's apartment, forcibly took away the eight-year-old Louis Charles, and entrusted him to the care of Antoine Simon, a cobbler and Temple commissioner. Remaining in their apartment in the Tower were Marie Antoinette, Marie-Thérèse and Madame Élisabeth, Louis XVI's youngest sister. When Marie Antoinette was taken to the Conciergerie one month later, in the night of 2 August, Marie-Thérèse was left in the care of her aunt Élisabeth who, in turn, was taken away on 9 May 1794 and executed the following day. Of the royal prisoners in the Temple, Marie-Thérèse Charlotte was the only one to survive the Reign of Terror.

Her stay in the Temple Tower was one of solitude and often great boredom. The two books she had, the famous prayer book by the name of The Imitation of Christ and Voyages by Jean-François de la Harpe, were read over and over, so much so that she grew tired of them. But her appeal for more books was denied by government officials, and many other requests were frequently refused, while she often had to endure listening to her brother's cries and screams whenever he was beaten. On 11 May, Robespierre visited Marie-Thérèse, but there is no record of the conversation. During her imprisonment, Marie-Thérèse was never told what had happened to her family. All she knew was that her father was dead. The following words were scratched on the wall of her room in the tower:

{{blockquote|"Marie-Thérèse Charlotte is the most unhappy person in the world. She can obtain no news of her mother; nor be reunited to her, though she has asked it a thousand times. Live, my good mother! whom I love well, but of whom I can hear no tidings. O my father! watch over me from Heaven above. O my God! forgive those who have made my parents suffer."
Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte est la plus malheureuse personne du monde. Elle ne peut obtenir de savoir des nouvelles de sa mère, pas même d'être réunie à elle quoiqu'elle l'ait demandé mille fois. Vive ma bonne mère que j'aime bien et dont je ne peux savoir des nouvelles. Ô mon père, veillez sur moi du haut du Ciel. Ô mon Dieu, pardonnez à ceux qui ont fait souffrir mes parents.|sign=|source=}}

In late August 1795, Marie-Thérèse was finally told what had happened to her family, by Madame Renée de Chanterenne, her female companion. When she had been informed of each of their fates, the distraught Marie-Thérèse began to cry, letting out loud sobs of anguish and grief.

It was only once the Terror was over that Marie-Thérèse was allowed to leave France. She was liberated on 18 December 1795, on the eve of her seventeenth birthday, exchanged for prominent French prisoners (Pierre Riel de Beurnonville, Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Hugues-Bernard Maret, Armand-Gaston Camus, Nicolas Marie Quinette, and Charles-Louis Huguet de Sémonville) and taken to Vienna, the capital city of her cousin, the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, and also her mother's birthplace.

Exile (1795–1814)

Marie-Thérèse arrived in Vienna on 9 January 1796, in the evening, twenty-two days after she had left the Temple.

She later left Vienna and moved to Mitau, Courland (now Jelgava, Latvia), where her father's eldest surviving brother, the Comte de Provence, lived as a guest of Tsar Paul I of Russia. He had proclaimed himself King of France as Louis XVIII after the death of Marie-Thérèse's brother. With no children of his own, he wished his niece to marry her cousin, Louis-Antoine, Duc d'Angoulême, son of his brother, the Comte d'Artois. Marie-Thérèse agreed.

Louis-Antoine was a shy, stammering young man. His father tried to persuade Louis XVIII against the marriage. However, the wedding took place on 10 June 1799 at Jelgava Palace (modern-day Latvia). The couple had no children.

Life in Britain
The royal family moved to Great Britain, where they settled at Hartwell House, Buckinghamshire, while her father-in-law spent most of his time in Edinburgh, where he had been given apartments at Holyrood House.

The long years of exile ended with the abdication of Napoleon I in 1814, and the first Bourbon Restoration, when Louis XVIII stepped upon the throne of France, twenty-one years after the death of his brother Louis XVI.

Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830)
Louis XVIII attempted to steer a middle course between liberals and the Ultra-royalists led by the Comte d'Artois. He also attempted to suppress the many men who claimed to be Marie-Thérèse's long-lost younger brother, Louis XVII. Those claimants caused the princess a good deal of distress.

Marie-Thérèse found her return emotionally draining and she was distrustful of the many Frenchmen who had supported either the Republic or Napoleon. She visited the site where her brother had died, and the Madeleine Cemetery where her parents were buried. The royal remains were exhumed on 18 January 1815 and re-interred in Saint-Denis Basilica, the royal necropolis of France, on 21 January 1815, the 22nd anniversary of Louis XVI's execution.

In March 1815, Napoleon returned to France and rapidly began to gain supporters and raised an army in the period known as the Hundred Days. Louis XVIII fled France, but Marie-Thérèse, who was in Bordeaux at the time, attempted to rally the local troops. The troops agreed to defend her but not to cause a civil war with Napoleon's troops. Marie-Thérèse stayed in Bordeaux despite Napoleon's orders for her to be arrested when his army arrived. Believing her cause was lost, and to spare Bordeaux senseless destruction, she finally agreed to leave. Her actions caused Napoleon to remark that she was "the only man in her family."

After Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo on 18 June 1815, the House of Bourbon was restored for a second time, and Louis XVIII returned to France.

On 13 February 1820, tragedy struck when the Comte d'Artois' younger son, the Duc de Berry, was assassinated by the anti-Bourbon and Bonapartist sympathiser Pierre Louvel, a saddler. Soon after, the royal family was cheered when it was learned that the Duchesse de Berry was pregnant at the time of her husband's death. On 29 September 1820, she gave birth to a son, Henri, Duc de Bordeaux, the so-called "Miracle child", who later, as the Bourbon pretender to the French throne, assumed the title of Comte de Chambord.

Madame la Dauphine
Louis XVIII died on 16 September 1824, and was succeeded by his younger brother, the Comte d'Artois, as Charles X. Marie-Thérèse's husband was now heir to the throne, and she was addressed as Madame la Dauphine. She is the only Dauphine whose father was a former King of France. However, anti-monarchist feeling was on the rise again. Charles's ultra-royalist sympathies alienated many members of the working and middle classes.

On 2 August 1830, after Les Trois Glorieuses, the Revolution of July 1830 which lasted three days, Charles X, who with his family had gone to the Château de Rambouillet, abdicated in favor of his son, who in turn abdicated in favor of his nephew, the nine-year old Duc de Bordeaux. However, in spite of the fact that Charles X had asked him to be regent for the young king, Louis-Philippe, Duc d'Orléans accepted the crown when the Chambre des Députés named him King of the French.

On 4 August, in a long cortège, Marie-Thérèse left Rambouillet for a new exile with her uncle, her husband, her young nephew, as well as his mother, the Duchesse de Berry, and his sister Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois. On 16 August, the family had reached the port of Cherbourg where they boarded a ship for Britain. King Louis-Philippe had taken care of the arrangements for the departure and sailing of his cousins.

Final exile (1830–1848)

The royal family lived in what is now 22 (then 21) Regent Terrace in EdinburghNewspaper article on sale of 21 Regent Terrace Diggines, Graham "For sale: tragic royals bolthole", The Scotsman, 9 February 2002 Accessed 9 August 2009 until 1833 when the former king chose to move to Prague as a guest of Marie-Thérèse's cousin, Emperor Francis I of Austria. They moved into luxurious apartments in Prague Castle. Later, the royal family left Prague and moved to the estate of Count Coronini near Gorizia, which was then Austrian but is in Italy today. Marie-Thérèse devotedly nursed her uncle through his last illness in 1836, when he died of cholera.

Her husband died in 1844 and was buried next to his father. Marie-Thérèse then moved to Schloss Frohsdorf, a baroque castle just outside Vienna, where she spent her days taking walks, reading, sewing and praying. Her nephew, who now styled himself as the comte de Chambord, and his sister joined her there. In 1848, Louis Philippe's reign ended in a revolution and, for the second time, France became a Republic.

Death
Marie-Thérèse died of pneumonia on 19 October 1851, three days after the fifty-eighth anniversary of the execution of her mother. She was buried next to her uncle/father-in-law, Charles X, and her husband, Louis XIX, in the crypt of the Franciscan monastery church of Castagnavizza in Görz, then in Austria, now Kostanjevica in the Slovenian city of Nova Gorica. Like her deceased uncle, Marie-Thérèse had remained a devout Roman Catholic.

Later, her nephew Henri, the comte de Chambord, last male of the senior line of the House of Bourbon; his wife, the comtesse de Chambord (formerly the Archduchess Marie-Thérèse of Austria-Este, daughter of Duke Francis IV of Modena and his wife, Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy); and the comte's only sister, Louise, Duchess of Parma, were also laid to rest in the crypt in Görz. The famous antiquarian the Duke of Blacas was also buried there in honor of his dutiful years of service as a minister to Louis XVIII and Charles X.

Marie-Thérèse is described on her gravestone as the "Queen Dowager of France", a reference to her husband's 20 minute rule as King Louis XIX of France.

"Dark Countess" mystery
In October 2013, the grave of a woman in Hildburghausen, Thuringia, Germany, was exhumed to obtain DNA for testing, to determine if she was Marie-Thérèse. The woman, who gave her name as Sophie Botta, lived in a castle in the area from 1807 until her death in 1837, and never spoke in public, or was seen outside without her face being veiled. She was accompanied by Leonardus Cornelius van der Valck, a secretary in the Dutch embassy in Paris from July 1798 to April 1799, and together they were known as the Dark Counts. Van der Valck referred to Botta as 'Your Grace' and they only spoke to each other in French. Some German historians believe she was the real Marie-Thérèse, who had swapped places with her adoptive-sister, and possible half-sister, Ernestine Lambriquet, following the revolution. Possibly as she was too traumatised to resume a role in society, but also as a result of a pregnancy, after abuse by her captors, which was referred to in a letter from a family friend, at the Spanish Court, in 1795.

The DNA testing revealed that the Dark Countess was not Marie-Thérèse, but rather, another woman whose identity remains a mystery. On 28 July 2014 the 'Interessenkreis Dunkelgräfin' broadcast the results which proved beyond doubt that the Dunkelgräfin was not Marie-Thérèse, on television.

In fiction
Film

Marie-Thérèse has been portrayed in several motion picture adaptations, mainly to do with her mother's life.

In 1934, she was played, under the name Duchess d'Angoulême, by Gladys Cooper in The Iron Duke, opposite George Arliss as the Duke of Wellington.
In 1938, she was played by Marilyn Knowlden in Marie-Antoinette, opposite Norma Shearer as the queen.
In 1975, in the French television drama Marie-Antoinette, Marie-Thérèse was played by Anne-Laura Meury.
In 1989 she was played by Katherine Flynn in The French Revolution. Katherine's on-screen mother, Marie Antoinette, was played by her real mother, Jane Seymour.
In 2001, Daisy Bevan played Marie-Thérèse briefly in the costume-drama The Affair of the Necklace opposite her mother Joely Richardson as Marie Antoinette.
In 2006, Marie Antoinette, directed by Sofia Coppola, was released. Marie-Thérèse was played by two different child actresses. At age two, she was played by Lauriane Mascaro, and at age six she was played by Florrie Betts. Kirsten Dunst starred as her mother, Marie Antoinette.

Theatre and literature
She has also been portrayed in the following:

 All Those Who Suffered; a Northern Irish play on the mystery of Louis XVII.Madame Royale, a novel by Elena Maria Vidal, based on Marie-Thérèse's life.The Dark Tower, a novel by Sharon Stewart, based on The Journal of Madame Royale, which were the writings of Marie-Thérèse.  The novel was later re-released as part of the Beneath the Crown series under the title The Princess in the Tower.The Lacemaker and the Princess (2007), a children's novel by Kimberly Brubaker Bradley.Faces of the Dead by Suzanne Weyn (2014) .Hungry Marie (2017), a manga by Ryuhei Tamura.When Blood Lies by C.S. Harris (2022) .

Ancestry

Marie-Thérèse was a descendant of the Holy Roman Emperors through her mother, Archduchess Marie Antoinette of Austria, who was a daughter of Empress Maria Theresa I, Holy Roman Empress; the empress wanted all of her eldest granddaughters to be named after her.

References and notes

Further reading
 Castelot, André, Madame Royale, Librairie Académique Perrin, Paris, 1962, .
 Desmond, Alice Curtis. Marie Antoinette's Daughter . NY: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1967. .
 Lenotre, G., La fille de Louis XVI, Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte de France, duchesse d'Angoulême, in Mémoires et Souvenirs sur la Révolution et l'Empire, Librairie Académique Perrin, 1908.
 Nagel, Susan. Marie-Therese, Child of Terror: The Fate of Marie Antoinette's Daughter'''. NY: Bloomsbury, 2008. .

External links

Primary sources
  Duchess of Angoulême's Memoirs on the Captivity in the Temple (from the autograph manuscript)
 Duchess of Angoulême's Memoir on the Flight to Varennes (1823 English translation, by John Wilson Croker, of a slightly redacted French edition)
 Duchess of Angoulême's Memoirs on the Captivity in the Temple (same 1823 English translation)
 The Ruin of a Princess as told by the Duchesse d'Angoulême, Madame Elisabeth, Sister of Louis XVI, and Cléry, the King's Valet de Chambre, translated by Katharine Prescott Wormeley. New York: The Lamb Publishing Co., 1912 at A Celebration of Women Writers

Other material

 English language site of the franciscan Monastery in Kostanjevica ,
 English and German language site about the substitution theory of Madame Royale and the "Dark Countess of Hildburghausen"
 The Ruin of a Princess, which contains the life and letters of Madame Élisabeth, Journal of the Tower of the Temple by Cléry and Narrative of Madame Royale.

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1778 births
1851 deaths
French queens consort
Dauphines of France
Princesses of France (Bourbon)
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Louis
Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (France)
People from Versailles
French Roman Catholics
Burials at Kostanjevica Monastery
French people of Austrian descent
Deaths from pneumonia in Austria
Children of Louis XVI
Daughters of kings


Phosphides are found in certain types of mouse and rat poison or in mole or gopher baits. Phosphides work by releasing deadly phosphine gas, which is produced when the poison mixes with stomach acid. Food in the stomach will increase the amount of gas produced and, therefore, increase the toxicity of phosphide poisoning. Therefore, do not feed your dog or cat after they get into this type of poison. Clinical signs seen from phosphides include drooling, nausea, stomach bloating, vomiting, abdominal pain, shock, collapse, seizures, liver damage, lung damage, and even death.
It only takes a tiny amount of phosphides to cause poisoning. Also, as this type of mouse and rat poison does not have an antidote, immediate therapy should be sought by calling Pet Poison Helpline and seeking veterinary attention. Administration of antacids (e.g., Maalox®) soon after ingestion may help to decrease the amount of gas produced. Please be aware that phosphine gas poses a threat to people also, so inducing vomiting is best done by veterinary professionals (not pet owners) in a well-ventilated area or outdoors. If your dog vomits on the way to the veterinarian, make sure to open your car windows (safely) or turn on the A/C so the gas doesn't poison you also! Inhalation of the fumes from your pet's vomit may cause lung irritation to both you and your pet.
Never give home remedies like milk or food without consulting a veterinarian or Pet Poison Helpline specialist first! Likewise, never induce vomiting in your dog or cat without consultation, as it can be more dangerous to your pet.


While considerable attention is focused on the role of community colleges in educating the nation's workforce, concerns pervade regarding the growing number of students whose basic skills in reading, writing, and mathematics are insufficient to support success at the college-level. Community colleges contend with limited resources as they endeavor to provide opportunities to underprepared students who aspire to higher education. In order to support student success while containing costs, community colleges must examine the effectiveness of developmental program offerings. Using a quasi-experimental design, this quantitative study explored whether relationships exist between students' scores on a standardized test in reading and the success of students at a mid-sized suburban community college and whether the successful completion of a remedial reading course affects student success. The definition of success in the study included student persistence as demonstrated through consecutive semesters of enrollment as well as by academic performance. Regression analyses were used to investigate whether reading test scores could be shown to be determinants of students' success. The study's findings suggest that standardized reading test results are not predictors of persistence or short-term academic success at the course level, but that they may be significantly related to grade point average at graduation.
Gambino, Ellen M., "An Examination of the Relationship and Correlations Among Standardized Reading Test Scores, the Academic Success of Students, and the Completion of a Remedial Reading Course at a Mid-Sized Suburban Community College" (2012). Education Doctoral. Paper 113.


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MMA, TOP
Chad Mendes retires from MMA
| 2:09 pm
Former UFC featherweight title challenger Chad Mendes has announced his retirement from MMA, reports ESPN.
The former wrestler and Team Alpha Male standout retires with a record of 18-5.
"I wanted to step away for a little bit and let everything settle, just make sure my feelings didn't change," Mendes told ESPN. "And they haven't. It's just that time for me. I have no regrets. I had an amazing time."
After winning his first five pro bouts on the regional circuit, the fighter nicknamed "Money" signed with Zuffa and debuted in the WEC in 2010, defeating Eric Koch at WEC 47.
Money well spent 💰 @chadmendes announces his retirement
📰 https://t.co/DQCkSraBxx (via @bokamotoESPN) pic.twitter.com/xYcbvMXwVr
— ESPN MMA (@espnmma) July 10, 2019
He won four in a row in the WEC, then, after the WEC was absorbed into the UFC, won two more to run his record to 11-0.
He then received a shot at Jose Aldo's featherweight title at UFC 142, losing via knockout at the 4:59 mark of the first round. He bounced back from the loss by winning five in a row before losing another challenge to Aldo at UFC 179, this time losing a unanimous decision in one of 2014's most memorable bouts.
Mendes rebounded with a win over Ricardo Lamas, but things got rough from there, as he went 1-3 the rest of the way, including a famous loss to Conor McGregor at UFC 189. He also sat out two years due to a U.S. Anti-Doping Agency suspension.


This ring features a stack style with a textured band on one layer and another with round, faceted Quartz.
Measurement: Ring size can be self adjusted from size 6 to size 8.
Please add a note to your order during checkout if you would like us to readjust it to a certain size for you. Size must be from 6 to 8.


A 15.6" laptop in the G6 series by HP.
wifi not connecting and it is showing limied.
How come it won't let me capitalize title?
What is the best CPU that will run on the motherboard (683030-001)?
hp laptop when turning on stays blue.


The one thing many people are very surprised to find out about me is that I was a Special Education Teacher. I taught a class with students that had a very wide variety of Special Needs. Childhood Education issues and the needs of Special Ed students is something I still keep track on the pulse of despite the fact that I no longer teach.
It was an amazing learning experience for me. I learned to sign because I had students that were deaf, I taught a class that was multi-cultural and my lesson plans were conducted in both English as well as Spanish. I could reach most of my students, but sadly not all. I had one Autistic student. A student who was a challenge to reach. And the fact the student's parents both told me their child really loved my class, made me want to try harder to reach him.
I didn't have the tech resources available to me then as I do now.
I recently participated in a contest, a very important one, AT&T put out a call for entries for an 'Autism Speaks App Idea Contest' and on a whim I entered. Well I forgot all about that whim until I got an email telling me my entry made the final round, and is up for voting. It brought tears to my eyes, while I was happy I am in the running for winning, I thought about that one student I could never fully reach.
The winning App will be featured at an upcoming AT&T Hackathon, the voting ends SOON on February 17th, so if you could take one second to vote for my App idea I would greatly appreciate it. Resources to reach Autistic children are crucial, and there isn't a ton out there for bi-lingual children either, this App would be a great resource and a great learning tool for children with Autism, their families and their teachers!
5) on the right press the blue button that reads VOTE!
THANK YOU!, THANK YOU!, THANK YOU!
FTC Disclosure: This is NOT a sponsored post, no monetary compensation has been received in exchange for sharing about this contest. I do not get any extra credit for sharing about it either, but if I win, I will win a non-cash prize.
Wishing you lots luck! How amazing that you were able to teach special ed..that takes alot of patience ,I'm sure you were a great blessing to all your kids!!
@Big Happy Buddha - Thank You! I was floored to find out that I was selected for the second phase of the competition!


text:
Alumnus Behind Film's Success in Brazil
Cedarville News Alumnus Behind Film's Success in Brazil
by Kaitlyn Coughlin, Public Relations Writer
Uptone Pictures film "Destiny Road," produced by Michael Davis '90, surpassed the average attendance of the James Bond movie "Skyfall 007" during the first week of its debut in Brazil.
Davis said that since the film's release on Nov. 2, over 150,000 people have watched it, and for over nine days every showing in 55 theaters was sold out. "The significance of all this is that it is the first time in the history of Brazilian cinema that a Christian or faith-based film was released nationally to 55 theaters," Davis said. "No other faith based film has done so well."
Davis graduated with a degree in broadcasting from Cedarville in 1990 and founded Uptone Pictures in 2000 to create high quality feature film, television, web and mobile content. His education at Cedarville helped prepare him for his career as a film producer. "The communications program gave me a great basis technically from which I have grown all these years later," Davis said.
Uptone Film's passion is to use imagination and creativity to bring real-life stories to the screen, and "Destiny Road" does just that. "The most important thing about the film is that it is real," Davis said. "It's about three people and how they deal with life, how they deal with making mistakes, asking for forgiveness, repenting and starting anew. These are things that we all face daily, and I think that's why the characters and stories are so relatable to people."
Davis said that Uptone Pictures is now talking to distributors in the U.S. and other countries for a 2013 release.
Uptone Pictures is currently producing a new film titled "A Long Way Off," which is the modern-day story of the prodigal son. Uptone Pictures is located in North Carolina. For more information about its films, visit the Uptone Film website.
Located in southwest Ohio, Cedarville University attracts 3,400 undergraduate, graduate and online students to more than 100 areas of study. Celebrating 125 years of inspiring greatness, Cedarville is a Christ-centered learning community recognized nationally for rigorous academic programs, strong graduation and retention rates, accredited professional and health science offerings and leading student satisfaction ratings. Visit the University online at www.cedarville.edu.
Michael Davis' film "Destiny Road" surpassed the average attendance of the James Bond movie "Skyfall 007" during the first week of its debut. Photo courtesy of Michael Davis.


text:
Understanding the Intellectual Property License 2020
Speaker(s): Anne S. Jordan, Bruce R. Ewing, David Rabinowitz, Helene M. Freeman, Jeffrey D. Osterman, Lisa Keith, Nicholas Vogt, Ryan T. Colgan, Sarah Robertson, Stuart M. Riback, Thomas D. Pease, Willard K. Tom, Yolanda M. King
Recorded on: Nov. 5, 2020
Rights of Publicity and Entertainment Licensing
Patent and Technology Licensing
Ethical Issues in Licensing
International Considerations in Licensing
Antitrust Issues in Licensing
Bankruptcy Issues in Licensing
License Drafting for Litigation
Mock Negotiation of a License Agreement - Software
Mock Negotiation of a License Agreement – Copyright and Trademark
Anne Jordan is Of Counsel to the Chicago law firm of Mandell Menkes LLC. Her practice includes counseling corporations on commercial, IP and technology transactions and e-discovery issues. She also arbitrates and mediates disputes, serving on the International Institute for Conflict Prevention & Resolution's (CPR) Panel of Distinguished Neutrals and the AAA Commercial and Employment Panels.
Ms. Jordan has been advising corporations both as a senior executive with responsibility for legal affairs and as outside counsel for more than 30 years. She worked for consumer products and technology companies at the General Counsel or Assistant General Counsel level for over 15 years, including serving as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary for PeopleSoft, Inc., the world's second largest provider of enterprise application software with annual revenues of approximately $ 2.8 billion, until it was acquired by Oracle Corporation. She oversaw the corporation's legal department, and for part of her tenure, had responsibility for Human Resources, Real Estate/Facilities and Corporate Security. Prior to that, Ms. Jordan was Vice President and General Counsel for Sega of America, Inc., a Partner in the Palo Alto firm, Carr & Ferrell, concentrating on litigation, licensing and intellectual property matters, Vice President and General Counsel for Worlds of Wonder, Inc., a manufacturer of electronic toys and games, Assistant General Counsel for Dole Foods, Inc., a $2 billion food processing and real estate development corporation, and Corporate Counsel with Beatrice Companies, Inc.
Ms. Jordan is a frequent lecturer on technology and licensing topics, and has been published in the National Law Journal. She is a contributor to the publication "Winning Legal Strategies for Software Companies: Leading Lawyers on Protecting IP, Negotiating Contracts, and Creating Legal Game Plans." She currently serves as a co-chair of the ABA Dispute Resolution Section's Early Dispute Resolution Committee. She has served on the International Trademark Association's (INTA) Board of Directors and the American Law Institute's Advisory Committee for the Restatement of Unfair Competition.
Ms. Jordan received a J.D. from DePaul University College of Law and a B.A. from Northwestern University.
Helene M. Freeman is a partner in the Litigation Department at Phillips Nizer LLP in New York. Helene's practice is focused on all facets of entertainment, publishing, fashion and the arts. In the course of the past thirty-five years, she has represented multinational record distributors, leading musical performers, film and television producers and distributors, international music publishing companies, theatrical producers, authors and advertising agencies in copyright and contract matters.
As a litigator, Helene has been trial and appellate counsel in a series of precedent setting cases under both copyright and trademark law in jurisdictions throughout the United States. She counts among the high profile clients she has represented in copyright infringement litigation Mick Jagger, *NSYNC and most recently, the surviving members of Led Zeppelin in their successful defense against the charge that "Stairway to Heaven" infringed the copyright of the musical composition "Taurus".
She provides assistance in developing plans for worldwide exploitation and protection of creative property and regularly advises on the acquisition and sale of rights in entertainment properties.
Helene is a frequent speaker on copyright and entertainment law, including CLE programs sponsored by the American Bar Association Forum Committee on the Entertainment and Sports Industries, the Practicing Law Institute (PLI), the Defense Research Institute and the Copyright Society of the United States, among others. She has been recognized by Best Lawyers® in the field of Copyright and Super Lawyers in the field of Entertainment.
Helene is a cum laude graduate of the New York University School of Law, where she was an editor of the Law Review and elected to the Order of the Coif. She earned her Bachelor's degree from Smith College, where she was elected to membership in the Phi Beta Kappa Society.
Ryan Colgan is a Vice President and Deputy General Counsel at NTTA America, Inc., a subsidiary of NTT Communications, its Japanese parent. Prior to joining NTT America in 2013, Ryan was Senior Corporate Counsel at T-Systems North America (a subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom) for nearly two years. A graduate of Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Ryan started his practice with Fish & Neave in 2001, which later merged with Ropes & Gray LLP, where he remained until 2011.
Ryan's practice has spanned a number of different areas with a focus on intellectual property (litigation, prosecution, licensing), mergers and acquisitions, telecommunications and IT technology, IT outsourcing, and sports and entertainment.
Stuart Riback is a business litigator who has handled a wide range of high-stakes and novel disputes in the course of his 30-year career, with an emphasis on reaching practical solutions to complex business conflicts. Stuart's practice has taken him to the United States Supreme Court, where he argued a case that helped to define the scope of trade dress protection under the Lanham Act, as well as federal courts of appeal and trial courts all over the country. Cases he litigated led to new rulings on the scope of § 13(d) of the 1934 Act in the Eleventh Circuit and the scope of arbitration clauses in the Delaware Court of Chancery.
Stuart is a 1984 graduate of Columbia Law School, where he was a Developing Editor of the Columbia Law Review. Before entering private practice, Stuart served as a law clerk to Judge Peter K. Leisure of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Stuart is Chair of the Business and Corporate Litigation Committee of the ABA Business Law Section. He publishes and speaks extensively on topics including corporate privileges, cross-border litigation, intellectual property, creditors rights and arbitration.
Tom Pease is a partner in Quinn Emanuel's New York office who concentrates his law practice on intellectual property disputes, including patent and antitrust litigation relating to standard essential patents or SEPs subject to FRAND obligations. Tom has taken a leading role litigating multiple cases involving patents that were subject to the IPR policies of ETSI, 3GPP, IEEE, H.264, JEDEC and other standard setting bodies. He has also served as lead counsel in patent and trade secret cases involving a wide range of technologies outside the context of standards, as well as in cases involving design patents and trade secrets.
Tom has been recognized as a top patent litigator in the IAM Patent 1000guide for the past five years, with the publication recently noting that Tom is a "five-star attorney" and "master strategist," who is "brilliant at the intersection of patent and antitrust law" and "the man to call in a standard setting context." For the past three years, Tom has also been recognized for "his licensing expertise in connection with standard-essential patents" in recognition of the numerous FRAND licenses that he has negotiated.
Tom has also been "highly recommended" for his patent litigation work in The Legal 500 and was listed again as a top-rated Intellectual Property Litigation Attorney in New York in the current edition of Superlawyers.
Tom also has extensive licensing and counseling experience. He has designed and implemented patent procurement and licensing programs for numerous clients ranging from start-ups to Fortune 50 companies. In that regard, Tom has traveled around the world to help clients assert their patents both within and outside the context of litigation and arbitration, and has negotiated numerous license agreements including several FRAND licenses based on portfolios that include SEPs. Tom has also represented clients in connection with DOJ, FTC and DG Comp. investigations.
Tom has litigated and tried several high profile cases in the Northern District of California, the District of Delaware, the Eastern District of Texas, the Eastern District of Virginia, the Southern District of New York, and several other venues. He also has extensive experience coordinating multi-front litigations pending in various jurisdictions around the world, including the ITC where he regularly appears. Tom prides himself on helping the firm's clients to achieve their objectives as cost-efficiently as possible, whether through pre-suit negotiations, early dispute resolution after the filing of a strong Complaint or Answer, or after a full trial or arbitration.
Willard K. Tom is a partner in Morgan Lewis's Antitrust Practice. He has worked in the antitrust field for more than 35 years, both in private practice and in government.
Will has served in a number of policy positions in government, including:
General Counsel of the FTC, where he was the agency's chief legal officer and advisor
Deputy Director of the Bureau of Competition of the FTC, where he oversaw nonmerger enforcement, patent-antitrust cases, healthcare, policy development, and the competition enforcement of the FTC's regional offices
Head of the Bureau's policy office
Counselor to the head of the Antitrust Division of the DOJ, where he had responsibility for intellectual property, vertical restraints, and telecommunications matters
One of the two principal drafters of the DOJ and FTC's 1995 "Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property"
Will has been a member of the District of Columbia Federal Judicial Nominations Commission, member of the Council of the American Bar Association's Section of Antitrust Law and Section of Business Law, and member of the American Law Institute and of the Administrative Conference of the United States. He has spoken at the the Asian Competition Forum; the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); the American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA); the Intellectual Property Owners; FTC/DOJ joint workshops; the International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property (AIPPI); and various events in London, Brussels, Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Seoul, Taipei, and Tokyo.
Will received his J.D., cum laude, from Harvard Law School in 1979 and his A.B., cum laude, from Harvard College in 1975.
Yolanda M. King is the Interim Assistant Dean for Student Affairs and an Associate Professor of Law at Northern Illinois University College of Law in DeKalb, Illinois. She teaches Property and various intellectual property law-related courses, such as Copyright Law, Entertainment Law, Intellectual Property Law, and Trademark Law. Her scholarly interests include the copyrightability of tattoos, the enforcement of tattoo copyrights, right of publicity protection for celebrities' tattoos, music licensing, and the intersection of religion and copyright law.
Dean King is Of Counsel at Chicago-based intellectual property law firm Advitam IP, where she advises clients on trademark protection and prosecutes federal trademark applications before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. She graduated from Harvard Law School and Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis.
Bruce is the head of the Trial Department in the New York office and Co-Chair of the Firm's Intellectual Property Litigation Practice Group. His principal area of focus is in the litigation of intellectual property disputes, primarily in the fields of trademarks and copyrights. He has represented numerous companies, both large and small, in the prosecution and defense of claims for trademark and trade dress infringement, trademark counterfeiting, trademark dilution, cybersquatting, copyright infringement and false advertising.
Bruce also focuses on commercial disputes involving intellectual property, with a particular focus on licensing matters. Bruce has represented numerous suppliers and manufacturers of apparel, accessories, jewelry and related items, as well as theatrical producers, publishers and entertainment figures, in commercial cases involving claims for breach of contract, fraud, tortious interference and related causes of action.
Other experience includes counseling regarding various intellectual property matters, the prosecution of applications for trademark and copyright registration, licensing matters, the preparation of rules for contests and sweepstakes, and a broad range of general commercial and contract litigation.
Named one of "America's Leading Business Lawyers" by Chambers USA (Intellectual Property: Trademark & Copyright), 2010-2017
Recognized as a Leading Practitioner in World Trademark Review 1000 – The World's Leading Trademark Professionals, 2013-2017
Listed in Best Lawyers in America©, 2005-2017
Listed in New York Super Lawyers, 2006-2017
Columbia Law School (J.D., 1992)
Brown University (B.A., 1988)
Nick is Associate General Counsel at Verizon Communications in the company's sourcing and transactional practice group. Nick maintains a broad, commercial agreement practice at Verizon Communications that involves drafting and negotiating agreements involving advertising, media, software and technology.
Prior to joining Verizon Communications, Nick worked in New York offices of Freshfields Bruckhaus & Deringer and Ropes & Gray / Fish & Neave. Nick was a member of each law firm's intellectual property practice group.
Nick received his JD from the University of Notre Dame and his BA (biology) from Rutgers University, magna cum laude. He is admitted to practice in the states of New York and New Jersey.
SARAH DELIVERS PRACTICAL ADVICE TO HELP BUSINESSES BUILD THEIR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASSETS AND ACHIEVE THEIR BUSINESS GOALS.
Sarah has over twenty years' experience helping clients protect, enforce and exploit their intellectual property assets and overseeing clients' general business needs, with particular depth in the creative industries, tech, financial and consumer product sectors.
Sarah has extensive experience in a wide scope of corporate and commercial agreements and transactions involving intellectual property, and assisting with the day-to-day needs of clients. She clears, registers and enforces brand names in the U.S. and internationally. She handles sales and distribution issues, as well as complex licensing matters. She represents clients in Trademark Trial and Appeal Board proceedings and in disputes involving intellectual property, including mobile app and domain name conflicts. She also counsels clients on marketing, advertising, contest and online reputation management issues. Sarah also services clients operating in the creative and entertainment industries, including in areas involving rights exploitation, including U.S.-China film, TV and music related transactions, as well as in the newly-developing cannabis branding area.
Also admitted to practice in Ontario, Canada, and currently qualified as a Foreign Legal Consultant in Ontario, Sarah has extensive experience in Canadian cross-border issues and helping Canadian businesses enter the U.S. market.
Sarah is the head of Dorsey's New York Trademark Group and the firm's Creative Industries Industry Group. Sarah is a contributor to Dorsey's critically-acclaimed IP Blog, TheTMCA.com, which focuses on legal developments in the world of TradeMarks, Copyrights, and Advertising. TheTMCA.com was named one of the "Top 50" law blogs by the ABA Journal in 2017.
David Rabinowitz is co-head of the Litigation Department and a member of the Intellectual Property Department and Legal Ethics and Law Firm Practice Department at Moses & Singer, where he has been a partner since 1985. He handles civil commercial cases of all kinds and in particular both litigates and advises clients on financial industry and intellectual property matters. He is a frequent speaker on ethical issues concerning negotiations. Mr. Rabinowitz has appeared in state and federal courts and in arbitrations throughout the United States.
Mr. Rabinowitz has lectured and participated on panels before the Bar Association of the City of New York, the American Bar Association, the Practicing Law Institute, the Institute of International Banking Law, the Copyright Society of the United States, the New Jersey Intellectual Property Law Association, the National Association of Recording Manufacturers, the Licensing International annual convention, the Professional Education Broadcast Network and the Massachusetts Software Council. He has taught Copyright Law at Seton Hall Law School. He is a member and former trustee of the Copyright Society of the United States. Mr. Rabinowitz has published numerous articles which have appeared in Advertising Age, Entertainment Law Reporter, The Entertainment Publishing and the Arts Handbook, The Bulletin of the Copyright Society of the United States American Lawyer's Corporate Counsel Magazine and The Practical Lawyer.
Columbia University School of Law, J.D., 1976, Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar, 1973-1976
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, S.B., 1972
"New York Resolves In-House Counsel Bar Admission Problem"
"Up Close and Professional with New York's Engagement Letter Rules"
"Communications Decency Act"
"Non-Traditional Fee Arrangements and Doing Business with Clients"
"Everything You Ever Wanted To Know About the Copyright Act Before 1909"
"Web Site Story 6-Breakaway Employees Beware"
"Web Site Story 5-Emerging Limits to Out-of-State Jurisdiction over Web Sites"
"Web Site Story 4-Nationwide Internet Jurisdiction is not Ended by Blue Note"
"Web Site Story 3-The Emerging Tort of Domain Name Infringement"
"Web Site Story 2-Finding Yourself Subject to Jurisdiction Far, Far Away"
"Web Site Story-A Legal Primer for Web Site Owners and Designers"
"Copyright Preemption: New York State's Erroneous Interpretation"
"Copyright and Trademark Infringement: Current Techniques for Plaintiffs and Defendants"
Presentations – (last 10 years - most recent year for series)
2017 Practicing Law Institute program, "Ethics for the Negotiating Lawyer"
2017 Practicing Law Institute program, "Advanced Licensing Agreements"
2016 Institute of International Banking Law Standby and Guaranty Forum and Law Summit, "Recent Letter of Credit Cases"
2016 Practicing Law Institute program, "Understanding The Intellectual Property License"
2016 New Jersey Intellectual Property Law Association, "Cases in Negotiation Ethics"
2015 Practicing Law Institute program, "Outsourcing 2015: Sourcing Critical Services"
2014, 2012, 2007 Copyright Society of the U.S.A., "Show Me the Money: The Essentials of Valuation of Copyrights in Transactions and Litigation," "Basic Ethics for the Negotiating Lawyer," "Non-Traditional Fee Arrangements and Doing Business with Clients"
2013 National Association of Recording Manufacturers, "Negotiation Ethics"
2010 Professional Education Broadcast Network, "Ethics in Negotiations"
2008 Licensing International - "Winning Ethics in Licensing"
2007 Practicing Law Institute program, "Internet Law Institute"
2007 CMJ Music Marathon and Film Festival, "Games Without Frontiers"
2001-2004 Adjunct Professor, Copyright Law, Seton Hall Law School


text:
Q: c++ method argument class reference I'm sorry to ask such a newbie question.
Here is my problem :
MyClass* c = new MyClass("test");
method(c);//error cannot convert MyClass* to MyClass

the definition :
method(MyClass c);

should I also define ?
method(MyClass* c);

I don't want to duplicate the code, what is the proper way ?

A: You're clearly a Java programmer! First of all, you will need to do:
MyClass* c = new MyClass("test");

Note that c is a "pointer to MyClass" - this is necessary because the new expression gives you a pointer to the dynamically allocated object.
Now, to pass this to a function that takes a MyClass argument, you will need to dereference the pointer. That is, you will do:
method(*c);

Note that because the function takes a MyClass by value (not a reference), the object will be copied into your function. The MyClass object inside method will be a copy of the object you allocated earlier. The type of the argument depends on exactly what you want your function to do and convey. If instead you want a reference to the object, so that modifying the object inside the function will modify the c object outside the function, you need your function to take a MyClass& argument - a reference to MyClass.
If you were to have the argument be of type MyClass*, then you could simply do:
method(c);

This will give you similar semantics to passing a reference, because the pointer c will be copied into the function but the object that pointer refers to will still be the dynamically allocated MyClass object. That is, if inside the function you modify *d, the object pointed to by c is also modified.
Passing a raw pointer like this is usually not a very good approach. The function will have to explicitly check that the pointer is not null, otherwise your program may crash under certain conditions. If you want pass-by-reference semantics, use reference types - it's what they're for.
However, you're better off not dynamically allocating your MyClass object in the first place. I guess you're only using new because you did it a lot in Java. In C++, the new expression is used to dynamically allocate an object. More often than not, you do not want to dynamically allocate an object. It is perfectly fine to create it with automatic storage duration, which you would do like so:
MyClass c("test");
method(c);

It is considered very good practise in C++ to avoid pointers and dynamic allocation unless you have a good reason. It will only lead you to more complicated code with more room for errors and bugs. In fact, the code you've given already has a problem because you didn't delete c;. When you do as I have just suggested, you don't need to explicitly delete anything, because the object will be destroyed when it goes out of scope.

A: MyClass *c = new MyClass("test");

method(*c);

it works if you defined a method like method(MyClass c)
But if you define you method like method(MyClass *c);
then it should be
MyClass *c = new MyClass("test");
method(c);

The two alternatives have consequences depending on what you want to do with the object you have created.


text:
import {
	dismissNoticeButton,
	notices
} from "e2e";
import type { TestData } from "types";

describe("App", (): void => {
	it("should show a notice when the last data sync was over 7 days ago and there are changes to sync", (): void => {
		const data: TestData = { programs: [{ series: [{ episodes: [{}] }] }], settings: [{ name: "LastSyncTime", value: "2000-01-01" }] };

		cy.createTestData(data);
		cy.visit("/");
		cy.get(notices).should("be.visible");
		cy.get(notices).should("contain.text", "The last data sync was over 7 days ago");
	});

	it("should not show a notice when the last data sync was under 7 days ago", (): void => {
		const data: TestData = { programs: [{ series: [{ episodes: [{}] }] }], settings: [{ name: "LastSyncTime", value: String(new Date()) }] };

		cy.createTestData(data);
		cy.visit("/");
		cy.get(notices).should("not.be.visible");
	});

	it("should not show a notice when there are no changes to sync", (): void => {
		const data: TestData = { settings: [{ name: "LastSyncTime", value: "2000-01-01" }] };

		cy.createTestData(data);
		cy.visit("/");
		cy.get(notices).should("not.be.visible");
	});

	it("should dismiss the notification", (): void => {
		const data: TestData = { programs: [{ series: [{ episodes: [{}] }] }], settings: [{ name: "LastSyncTime", value: "2000-01-01" }] };

		cy.createTestData(data);
		cy.visit("/");
		cy.get(notices).should("be.visible");
		cy.get(dismissNoticeButton).click();
		cy.get(notices).should("not.be.visible");
	});
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Since glass blocks cannot be cut it is critical to lay out and design a glass block shower before installing a base or making decisions on whether to use a door or a walk in design. The article below details 5 tricks to design and lay out your glass block shower for maximum success.
Trick #1 – Use layout cards to optimize your space and design – You wouldn't build a home by purchasing the concrete and lumber before finalizing your home plan – and the same logic is true for a glass block shower (you shouldn't build a base for the shower before knowing the design and shape of the glass blocks).
To make sure you have a successful installation first determine the size of your space and whether the shower will have one glass wall (an alcove shower with 3 interior walls), or two glass walls (a corner shower with 2 interior walls) or a 3 sided enclosure (with one interior wall). Next use layout cards or work with a professional glass block shower wall designer who has these cards. These cards look like puzzle pieces which mimic the size and shape of the glass blocks plus a tight 1/8" grout joint. They can be used to physically layout the space to get a plan view of your initial design. This allows someone to experience the design and tweek it to better fit their needs and family.
Trick 2 – Determine the entry opening – Openings for glass block showers can range from 22" (for a small alcove type space with a 60" width) up to 36" wide to accommodate someone in a wheelchair for roll in access. The common sized opening is 24". When designing the width of the opening it is important to consider both the current and potential future needs of the family (for example if you anticipate a family member with mobility challenges living in your home it would be important to make the opening wider) and also the size of the people using the space (if you have a son with is the defensive tackle on the football team you will likely want a larger opening).
Trick #3 – Choose a shape for a walk in or design for a door – If you want a doorless walk in shower a curved, angled or uses a rounded glass block design will usually be best. If you have a space with limited depth (32" or less) a straight glass block wall with a door if often the preferred choice (note- unless the shower is very wide).
Trick #4 – Selecting the best block thickness – Glass blocks are available in 4" and 3 1/8" thicknesses. The advantage of the thinner 3 1/8" blocks is they provide more room in the shower, are more cost effective and have less weight which makes them easier to install. The thicker 4" units can be best if you want to maximize privacy (using a pattern called "Icescapes") or if you need a 6" finished bullnose end.
Trick #5 – Purchase a prefabricated glass block shower wall and pan system to match your design – Designing and laying out a glass block shower system is a waste of time unless the actual shower pan is installed professionally and follows your design. The way to ensure project success, quality and reduce costs is to purchase a glass block shower wall and base kit. These kits include shower pans which can be made of solid surface, acrylic or expanded polystyrene which is ready for tile (note – the solid surface and ready for tile bases are most popular because they can be made in virtually any size or shape). The prefabricated wall sections greatly simplify the installation because they are made to fit the base exactly, they reduce field installation time and have the benefit of the smallest joints possible with a glass block wall (1/8").
Do you have any additional questions or would like a quote on a glass block shower kit. Feel free to call the numbers below or comment on this post.
For assistance and pricing from a glass block design specialist call Innovate Building Solutions on a nationwide basis (877-668-5888) or for a local project their divisions including Columbus Glass Block (614-252-5888), Cleveland Glass Block (216-531-6363), West Side Glass Block (216-398-1020) or Mid America Glass Block in Akron (330-633-2900).
Mary – you want to set the glass blocks on a curb which is part of your shower pan. The glass block wall are installed usually after either your tiles of grout free wall panels are completed. We can certainly help you with this project. Please give us a call – or we will reach out to you!
I'm stuck. I've installed shower pan, tar papered surround with a plastic and moisture barrier.
I'm now ready to install green board with help then apply tile.