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Gamelines and logo being completed on main gym.
Robbins Sport Surfaces Air Channel Star Subfloor/Sleeper system being installed.


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Purchase this pet mug listing.
I will carve a mold based on your photo and e-mail you a proof. Minor revisions can be made at this time if requested.
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Dishwasher safe, however it is NOT microwavable with the gold addition!
Standard mug size - 4" tall, holds 14 ounces.


With the migration to Canvas comes many new features and methods for facilitating your course. The Canvas Guides provide a lot of information, but you may be wondering, where do I even start? Here at Ecampus, we've put together a few guides to help you become familiar with some of the tools in Canvas.
First, if you're wondering, "I did this in Blackboard, but I can't find it in Canvas; how do I…?", we've created a few design options for that. These design options explore how to adapt features that you've used in Blackboard to the new Canvas environment.
We've also created some more in depth quick references that help explain how to use some of the most popular Canvas features.
The Quick Reference guides and other helpful Canvas-specific information can be found on our Canvas Faculty Resources page. We also have a list of resources for teaching an online course on our Teaching Resources page where you can find our favorite presentation, web-conferencing, and other tools.
Are there other features you've discovered or some you'd like to know more about? Leave your feedback in the comments!


Printed in the USA. The famous Maryland Chesapeake Bay blue heron allows you to display your Citizen Pride! The map in the background shows Annapolis and Kent Island of the Chesapeake Bay. This art is illustrated by Joe Barsin of Maryland and proudly made in America.


text:
Tough new sanctions on Russia could hit world oil supply and change the OPEC+ dynamic
June 2, 2022 by admin 0 Comments
The OPEC logo pictured ahead of an informal meeting between members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in Algiers, Algeria.
Ramzi Boudina | Reuters
OPEC+ is expected to stick to its current production agreement for now, but behind the scenes the oil producing nations could be planning for the day when Russia's contribution to world oil supply could be far reduced.
The European Union's plan to ban most Russian oil and put new sanctions on shipping insurance could seriously hamper Russia's ability to export crude. The EU leaders agreed this week to an embargo on oil and petroleum products but would allow a temporary exemption for some oil delivered by pipeline.
"If they prohibit insurance on tankers carrying Russian oil, that will really aggravate the scramble for barrels, and certainly it's going to be a turbulent summer," said Daniel Yergin, vice chairman S&P Global. "If you don't have insurance, most reputable tankers aren't going to sail because the risks are enormous."
Most tanker insurance is written by London-based insurers. "Insurance doesn't get the same attention as barrels of oil, but insurance is significant," Yergin said.
That prospect of a larger loss of Russian oil from the market and the potential for sharply higher and volatile prices hangs over the members of OPEC, which have been asked by Western nations to supply more crude.
Ultimately, OPEC could increase the amount of oil in the market, as Russian oil is reduced but that is not likely to be part of any OPEC communication Thursday.
"I think they're going to try to manage it elegantly with the Russians," said Helima Croft, head of global commodities strategy at RBC. "I do not think the OPEC leadership is looking to humiliate Russia right now. I think they're looking to thread the needle slowly. They are committed to the market and looking to get a reset with the United States."
Croft said with only four months left in their current agreement, OPEC+ is expected to return the expected 432,000 barrels a day to the market at Thursday's meeting.
She said even if OPEC were to change its agreement sooner, it's not clear how much relief would be provided, with spare capacity limited and no end in sight for the war in Ukraine.
The strategist said, however, there is potential for Saudi Arabia to "sunset" the agreement before the official date as part of a "grand bargain" with the U.S.
Relations between the kingdom and President Joe Biden's White House have been frayed. There is a chance Biden could visit the country and meet Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman when the president visits Israel in late June.
"It has been our view since February that there is a deal to be had if Washington can satisfy the Kingdom's core security and strategic concerns," Croft noted. "During our visits to the Kingdom this year, officials there indicated they were looking for a new partnership agreement with the United States and that energy would be one part of this broader bilateral conversation."
Croft said one concern for Saudi Arabia had been U.S. talks towards a new nuclear agreement with Iran, but chances of a deal now look slim and that could help relations with Riyadh.
"We think there's momentum for increased Saudi production over the summer," Croft said. "There's been a lot of diplomatic movements behind the scenes."
The EU ban would be phased in and cover two-thirds of Europe's imports from Russia. The ban could ultimately limit 90% of Russian imports, based on pledges from Germany and Poland to end imports from the northern part of the Druzhba pipeline.
By some estimates, previous sanctions have already affected about half of Russia's exports, and the wider sanctions could hamper them further, leaving world oil supplies very tight. Analysts say oil could retest March's high of $130.50 per barrel for West Texas Intermediate crude. WTI futures Wednesday settled at $115.26 per barrel.
The EU decision to also block insurers from covering Russian oil shipments was unexpected by some in the markets. That would affect tankers that travel around the world and could undermine Russia's efforts to sell its oil in Asia to countries including India and China.
"That combined with reopening in China just adds more pressure on supplies," Yergin said. "A combination of sanctions, no insurance and Chinese recovery means a very, very, very tight oil market and a scramble for supplies."
John Kilduff, partner with Again Capital, said Russian oil may be curtailed from the market but not entirely removed.
"We're definitely in a tough spot right now, but the fact with all this news and we're still not back to the highs is telling," he said. "It's an art form circumventing sanctions, and Iran wrote the book on it. India and China will continue to be buyers. There will be ship to ship transfers in the dark of night. There's precious little you can do about it."
In part because of Russia's ability to export, oil prices may not rise any more than the March highs. Kilduff said China is also a wild card, and its demand may not be as high as expected once it reopens its economy. Meanwhile, is also forecasting a supply surplus of 1.5 million barrels a day for the balance of the year, he added.
The Wall Street Journal reported that some OPEC members are exploring suspending Russia's involvement from the production agreement, as sanctions affect its ability to pump more oil. But analysts do not expect to see any signs of that at this week's meeting.
"I think the group is also trying to disassociate the politics from the economics. And the economics dictate that if prices keep rising, you're going to hurt demand pretty badly at this stage," said Francisco Blanch, head of commodities and derivative strategy at Bank of America. "We already had record diesel prices, record gasoline prices, and now we're waiting for record crude prices."
But Blanch said OPEC could ultimately have a new production plan in place that does not rely on Russian crude.
Saudi Arabia is the one country with spare capacity to produce and export more oil.
"What the group is looking at is how do you prevent a crude shortage that ultimately backfires on the group itself. I think they're thinking if we don't do something here, chances are it blows back on us," said Blanch. "The question is how does Russia react to that."
Analysts say there's a risk that prices could spike dramatically should Russia retaliate and cut off Europe sooner than it plans to ban Russian crude.
"The thing to watch is do we get Russian weaponization of exports," said Croft. That could create a scenario where oil could spike, even reaching some forecasts of $185 per barrel.
As one of the world's top three producers, Russia was exporting about 5 million barrels a day of crude and another 2.5 million barrels of refined products before the war in Ukraine. OPEC can't cover all those losses.
Blanch said when Iranian oil was sanctioned, Saudi Arabia was able to make up for the lost barrels. "I think the point was that back then, the Saudis were a lot more engaged in the process," he said. With Russia a leading player in the OPEC + partnership, "it's a much more sensitive topic."
Kilduff said there may be more behind-the-scenes tensions this week between some OPEC members and Russia than are expected.
Saudi Arabia and Russia are likely to keep close ties even if the U.S. relationship with the Kingdom improves, but other members may be more interested in ending Russia's role sooner, he said.
"The knives are going to be out for Russia from some of the members of OPEC+ for sure. This has all the elements of a Greek tragedy," said Kilduff.
Genius (GNS) and Helbiz (HLBZ) Are Fighting Short Sellers. It's the Wrong Battle.
Stocks making the biggest moves midday: Chevron, Tesla, Seagate Technology, United Rentals and more

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Two missing US teenage boys, one of whom was last seen in 2002, have been found at the home of a 41-year-old man.
The step-father of Shawn Hornbeck, the boy missing since 2002, said he appeared to be doing well.
Michael Devlin has been charged with the abductions of Ben Ownby and Shawn Hornbeck.Tamsin Smith reports.


Overcast. Slight chance of a rain shower. Low 47F. Winds S at 5 to 10 mph..
Overcast. Slight chance of a rain shower. Low 47F. Winds S at 5 to 10 mph.
MARBLEHEAD — A family and community are grieving the sudden loss of 23-year-old Army Sgt. Rachel Reve McKay of Marblehead, who died last week while at Fort Gordon, Georgia, serving her country.


text:
Q: Delete a case insensitive string matched in file I'm trying to delete a string from a file using the follow sed command:
pattern="$name;$date;$hour"
sed -i.bak "/${pattern}/I d" $BOOKFILE

But the problem is that:
On OS X – sed does NOT support case-insensitive matching
I need to delete a string from a file using insensitive case.
For example if I insert "a;20161010;11" instead of "A;20161010;11" it must recognize and delete the same string from file.
I can't use script in other languages as perl or TCL etc...

A: I Solved!
# Delete the line containing the pattern '$name;$date;$hour' and create/update a file.bak
pattern=$(grep -i "$name;$date;$hour" $BOOKFILE)
sed -i.bak "/${pattern}/ d" $BOOKFILE

I used grep -i command ( -i = insensitive case) to get the pattern , then I used sed with the correct pattern.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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In his SEP article presenting moral particularism, Jonathan Dancy defended particularism against "absolute" and "contributory" moral generalism. Absolute moral generalism claims that a moral principle is "a universal claim to the effect that all actions of a certain type are overall wrong (or right)." On this view of morality, an absolute moral principle might be to not break a promise; thus breaking a promise, whatever the circumstances, is a moral wrong. Contributory moral generalism sees multiple moral principles as contributing to a moral valuation, with the various principles concerned coming to some net balance. On this view, breaking a promise might count against the moral valuation of a particular action, but it might be counterbalanced by other contributory principles.
The appeal to principles takes both a metaphysical form and an epistemological form. In the metaphysical form, principles are what couple an action to the property of rightness or wrongness; thus the action of taking a piece of candy from a coworker's desk is coupled to moral rightness or wrongness by the fact of whether the action is stealing, based on whether the coworker has made the candy available for the taking. In the epistemological form, we need a way to know whether an action is right or wrong, and non-moral features of the action determine its rightness or wrongness; on this view, principles are how a competent moral agent can connect the non-moral aspects of his actions to its moral rightness or wrongness.
I side with Dancy against absolute moral generalism. The absolutist claims lead to counterintuitively contradictory conclusions in situations in which one must break a promise to meet a more morally compelling need. I am less convinced by his argument against contributory generalism. From Dancy's presentation, contributory principles seem to function something like prima facie moral rules, and I don't find Dancy's argument against them compelling.
Dancy's statement "that is stealing and wrong for that reason" makes no unique claim; the moral generalist can make exactly the same statement: the action is wrong because it is stealing. Actions are not morally wrong simply because they are declared so; the particularist has an underlying reason why the action is stealing, and that reason will have an argument to support it. It seems to me that his statement implicitly appeals to that underlying argument explaining just why the action is stealing, and thus wrong; if this is correct, his statement seems no less an appeal to an argument than the generalist position.
It seems to me that the particularist and contributory generalist positions may have more common points than Dancy's argument seems to state. What seems missing to me in the contributory generalist position are the arguments why the actions to which the principles apply are wrong (or right.) If general moral principles exist, they are not applied in a vacuum; principles apply to actions for reasons having to do with the nature of the actions themselves, and interpretation and understanding is required to couple the principles with the actions to which they apply. An act is stealing because one takes something that is not one's own; such an analysis presupposes a system of property and ownership, and rights and wrongs in violating the rules of those institutions. It seems to me that the particularist and the contributory generalist agree on this process.
Where I felt Dancy's argument weak was in explaining in more detail just how actions came to have moral value. The generalist appeals to moral principles in some form to tag actions with moral value; it is not clear to me how Dancy's particularist accomplishes that. Stealing may violate a legal statute or a well-established cultural custom, but for that it was not clear to me from Dancy's argument just how the action acquired moral status. Perhaps I missed something pivotal in his argument, but in that respect I thought he could have presented a more complete argument.
Dancy, Jonathan, "Moral Particularism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2013/entries/moral-particularism/>.
This is adapted from a series of responses I wrote for an independent study in analytic ethics of partiality and consequentialism.


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text:
\section{Introduction}

Let $X$ and $Y$ be irreducible smooth projective
curves, defined over an algebraically closed field $k$, and let
$\phi\, :\, Y\, \longrightarrow\, X$ be a morphism which is generically smooth (in other
words, $\phi$ is surjective and separable). Fix a base point $y_0\, \in\, Y$, and
consider the homomorphism of \'etale fundamental groups $\phi_*\,:\,
\pi_1^{\rm et}(Y,\, y_0) \, \longrightarrow\, \pi_1^{\rm et}(X,\, \phi(y_0))$ induced by
$\phi$. The map $\phi$ is called genuinely ramified if $\phi_*$
is surjective \cite{BP}. There are many equivalent formulations of
the property of being genuinely ramified, which we recall below.

A map $\phi$ as above is genuinely ramified if and only if one (hence all)
of the following equivalent conditions holds (see \cite{BP}):
\begin{enumerate}
\item The map $\phi$ does not factor through some nontrivial \'etale cover of
$X$ (in particular, $\phi$ is not nontrivial \'etale).

\item The fiber product $Y\times_X Y$ is connected.

\item $\dim H^0(Y,\, \phi^*\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\,=\,1$.

\item The maximal semistable subbundle of the direct image
$\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ is ${\mathcal O}_X$.

\item For every stable vector bundle $E$ on $X$, the pulled back vector bundle
$\phi^*E$ on $Y$ is also stable.
\end{enumerate}
The main theorem of \cite{BP} says that the third statement in the above list holds
for $\phi$ if and only if the fifth statement in the above list holds.

Our aim is to understand the direct image of connections and to interpret the
genuinely ramified maps using the direct image of a particular connection.

Let $E$ be a vector bundle on $X$ equipped with a singular connection $D$. We prove that
there is a unique maximal subsheaf
$$
\textbf{R}(E)\, \subset\, E
$$
on which $D$ induces a nonsingular connection (see Lemma \ref{lem1} and
Definition \ref{def1}).

If $V$ is a vector bundle on $Y$ equipped with a singular connection $D$, then the direct
image $\phi_*V$ on $X$ is equipped with a natural singular connection (see Lemma \ref{lem2}). Now
set $(V,\, D)$ to be ${\mathcal O}_Y$ equipped with the trivial connection given by the de
Rham differential $d$. Let $d_\phi$ denote the singular connection on $\phi_*{\mathcal
O}_Y$ given by the trivial connection on ${\mathcal O}_Y$. We prove the following (see
Proposition \ref{prop1}):

{\it The map $\phi$ is \'etale if and only if the connection $d_\phi$ is nonsingular.}

Let
$$
\textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\, \subset\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y
$$
be the unique maximal subsheaf on which $d_\phi$ induces a nonsingular connection.
Then we have
\begin{equation}\label{ie1}
{\mathcal O}_X\, \subset\, \textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\, \subset\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\, .
\end{equation}

We prove the following (see Corollary \ref{cor2}):

\textit{The map $\phi$ is genuinely ramified if and only if the subsheaf
${\mathcal O}_X\, \hookrightarrow\, \textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$
in \eqref{ie1} is the (unique) maximal semistable subsheaf.}

We next prove the following (see Theorem \ref{thm1}):

{\it Assume that the characteristic of the base field $k$ is zero.
The morphism $\phi$ is genuinely ramified if and only if the inclusion map
$${\mathcal O}_X\, \hookrightarrow\, {\bf R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$$
in \eqref{ie1} is actually an isomorphism.}

We note that Theorem \ref{thm1} actually fails when the characteristic of the
base field $k$ is positive (see Remark \ref{re1}).

Take a vector bundle $V$ on $X$ equipped with a nonsingular connection $D$. Then
$\phi^*V$ has the pulled back nonsingular connection $\phi^*D$. Denote by $\widehat D$ the
singular connection on $\phi_*\phi^*V$ induced by $\phi^*D$. Let
$$
\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*V)\, \subset\, \phi_*\phi^*V
$$
be the unique maximal subsheaf on which $\widehat D$ induces a nonsingular connection.

We prove the following (see Proposition \ref{prop3} and Proposition \ref{prop-l}):

{\it Assume that the characteristic of the base field $k$ is zero.
There is a natural map $V\, \hookrightarrow\, {\bf R}(\phi_*\phi^*V)$.
The map $\phi$ is genuinely ramified if and only if $V\, =\, {\bf R}(\phi_*\phi^*V)$.}

Proposition \ref{prop-l} was kindly pointed out by the referee.

\section{Singular connection on direct image}

The base field $k$ is assumed to be algebraically closed. Let $X$ be an irreducible
smooth projective curve defined over $k$. Fix a finite subset
$$
S\, :=\, \{x_1,\, \cdots , \, x_n\}\, \subset\, X\, .
$$
The reduced effective divisor $\sum_{i=1}^n x_i$ on $X$ will also be denoted
by $S$. The cotangent bundle of $X$ will be denoted by $K_X$.

Let $E$ be a vector bundle on $X$. A connection on $E$ is a differential operator
of order one
$$
D\, :\, E\, \longrightarrow\, E\otimes K_X
$$
such that
\begin{equation}\label{e1}
D(fs) =\, fD(s) +s\otimes df
\end{equation}
for every locally defined function $f$ on $X$ and
every locally defined section $s$ of $E$. A singular connection on $E$ with poles of order $m$
on points of $S$ is a differential operator of order one
$$
D\, :\, E\, \longrightarrow\, E\otimes K_X\otimes {\mathcal O}_X(mS)
$$
such that \eqref{e1} holds. A logarithmic connection on $E$ singular over $S$ is a singular
connection on $E$ with poles of order one on $S$. A singular connection on $E$ with poles
over $S$ is a singular connection on $E$ with poles of order $m$ on $S$ for some $m$.

We now give some examples of connections. When the characteristic of $k$ is zero, a vector
bundle $E$ on $X$ admits a (nonsingular) connection if and only if every direct summand of
$E$ (this includes $E$) is of degree zero \cite{We}, \cite{At} (in \cite{At} and \cite{We}
this is proved under the assumption that the base field is complex numbers; see
\cite[p.~ 145, Proposition 3.1]{BS} for the general case). If the characteristic of
$k$ is $p\, > \, 0$, and $E$ is a vector bundle on $X$ admitting a connection, then the
degree of every direct summand of $E$ is a multiple of $p$ \cite[p.~ 145, Proposition 3.1]{BS}. If
the characteristic of $k$ is positive, and $F_X\, :\, X\, \longrightarrow\, X$ is the absolute Frobenius
morphism of $X$, then for any vector bundle $E$ on $X$, the pulled back vector bundle $F^*_X E$
has a natural connection (see \cite{Ka}, \cite{Gi}). Moreover, a subsheaf $V\, \subset\,
F^*_X E$ is the pullback of a subsheaf of $E$ if and only if $V$ is preserved by this
natural connection on $F^*_X E$.

\begin{lemma}\label{lem1}
Let $E$ be a vector bundle on $X$ and $D$ a singular connection on $E$
with poles of order $m$ on $S$. Then there is a unique maximal subsheaf $F$ of
$E$ on which $D$ induces a (nonsingular) connection.
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}
Take coherent subsheaves $F_1,\, F_2\, \subset\, E$ such that
$$
D(F_i) \, \subset\, F_i\otimes K_X \, \subset\, E\otimes K_X\otimes {\mathcal O}_X(mS)
$$
for $i\,=\, 1,\, 2$. Then the coherent subsheaf $F_1+ F_2\, \subset\, E$, generated by
$F_1$ and $F_2$, clearly satisfies the condition that
$$
D(F_1+F_2) \, \subset\, (F_1+F_2)\otimes K_X \, \subset\,
E\otimes K_X\otimes {\mathcal O}_X(mS)\, .
$$
The lemma follows immediately from this observation.
\end{proof}

\begin{remark}\label{rem1}
The maximal subsheaf $F\, \subset\, E$ in Lemma \ref{lem1} on which $D$ induces
a (nonsingular) connection need not be a subbundle, or in other words, $E/F$ need not
be torsionfree. To give an example, consider ${\mathcal O}_X(S)$ equipped with the
logarithmic connection given by the de Rham differential $d$. Then ${\mathcal O}_X\, \subset\,
{\mathcal O}_X(S)$ is the maximal subsheaf on which the logarithmic connection induces
a (nonsingular) connection. The quotient ${\mathcal O}_X(S)/{\mathcal O}_X$ is
a nonzero torsion sheaf.
\end{remark}

\begin{definition}\label{def1}
Let $E$ be a vector bundle on $X$ and $D$ a singular connection on $E$
with poles of order $m$ on $S$. The subsheaf
$$
\textbf{R}(E)\, :=\, F\, \subset\, E
$$
in Lemma \ref{lem1} will be called the \textit{maximal regular subsheaf}.
\end{definition}

\begin{remark}\label{rem1p}
Let $E$ be a vector bundle on $X$ and $D$ a singular connection on $E$
with poles of order $m$ on $S$. It may happen that there is no nonzero subsheaf $F$ of $E$
satisfying the condition that $$D(F) \, \subset\, F\otimes K_X.$$
See the proof of Proposition \ref{prop3} for such an example. If there is no nonzero subsheaf $F$ of $E$
such that $D(F) \, \subset\, F\otimes K_X$, then $\textbf{R}(E)$ in Definition \ref{def1}
is the zero subsheaf of $E$.
\end{remark}

Let $X$ and $Y$ be irreducible smooth projective curves defined over $k$, and let
\begin{equation}\label{e2}
\phi\, :\, Y\, \longrightarrow\, X
\end{equation}
be a generically smooth morphism. Let $S\, \subset\, X$ be the smallest subset such that
$\phi$ is \'etale over the complement $X\setminus S$. The reduced inverse image
$\phi^{-1}(S)_{\rm red}$ will be denoted by $S_Y$.

\begin{lemma}\label{lem2}
Let $E$ be a vector bundle on $Y$, and let $D$ be a singular connection on $E$ with
poles of order $m$ on $S_Y$. Then $D$ produces a singular connection on the direct
image $\phi_*E$ with poles over $S$.
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}
Denote the complements $X\setminus S$ and $Y\setminus S_Y$ by $X'$ and $Y'$ respectively.
The restriction of $\phi$ to $Y'$ will be denoted by $\widehat{\phi}$. Note
that $\widehat{\phi}^* K_{X'}\,=\, K_{Y'}$. The restriction of
$D$ (respectively, $E$) to $Y'\, \subset\, Y$ will be denoted by $D'$ (respectively,
$E'$). Taking the direct image of the operator
$$
D'\, :\, E'\, \longrightarrow\, E'\otimes K_{Y'}
$$
we get
$$
\widehat{\phi}_*D'\, :\, \widehat{\phi}_*E'\, \longrightarrow\,
\widehat{\phi}_*(E'\otimes K_{Y'})\,=\, \widehat{\phi}_*(E'\otimes\widehat{\phi}^* K_{X'})\,.
$$
The projection formula (see \cite[p.~124, Ex.~5.1(d)]{Ha}) gives that $\widehat{\phi}_*(E'
\otimes\widehat{\phi}^* K_{X'})\,=\,(\widehat{\phi}_*E')\otimes K_{X'}$, and hence we have
$$
\widehat{\phi}_*D'\, :\, \widehat{\phi}_*E'\, \longrightarrow\,
(\widehat{\phi}_*E')\otimes K_{X'}\,.
$$
It is straightforward to check that $\widehat{\phi}_*D'$ is a connection on
$\widehat{\phi}_*E'$. This connection $\widehat{\phi}_*D'$ on $\widehat{\phi}_*E'$
extends to a singular connection on $\phi_*E$ with poles over $S$. Indeed, this
follows immediately from the fact that the differential operator $\widehat{\phi}_*D'$
is algebraic. An upper bound
of the order of pole of this connection at any $x\, \in\, S$ is $d'(r'+1)$, where $d'$ is the
maximum of the orders of poles of $D'$ over the points of $\phi^{-1}(x)$ and $r'$ is the maximum of
the ramification orders of $\phi$ at the points of $\phi^{-1}(x)$.
\end{proof}

\begin{corollary}\label{cor1}
The direct image $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ has a natural singular connection with poles over $S$.
\end{corollary}

\begin{proof}
Consider the trivial connection $f\, \longmapsto\, df$ on ${\mathcal O}_Y$ given by
the de Rham differential. In view of Lemma \ref{lem2}, this connection produces
a singular connection on $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ with poles over $S$.
\end{proof}

\begin{proposition}\label{prop1}
The map $\phi$ in \eqref{e2} is \'etale if and only if the (possibly singular) connection
on $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ obtained in Corollary \ref{cor1} is actually nonsingular.
\end{proposition}

\begin{proof}
Let $d_\phi$ denote the singular connection on $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$
obtained in Corollary \ref{cor1}.

If the map $\phi$ is \'etale, then $S$ in Corollary \ref{cor1} is the zero divisor.
So in that case $d_\phi$ is actually nonsingular.

To prove the converse, assume that $\phi$ is not \'etale. Take a point $y\, \in\, Y$
where the differential of $\phi$ vanishes. Fix a Zariski
open neighborhood $U\, \subsetneq\, X$ of $\phi(y)$. Let $f$ be a function defined on
$\phi^{-1}(U)$ such that $df(y)\, \not=\, 0$. If $\omega$ is a $1$-form on $U$, then
$$
\phi^*\omega \, \in\, H^0(\phi^{-1}(U),\, K_{\phi^{-1}(U)})
$$
vanishes at $y$, because the differential of $\phi$ vanishes at $y$. Consequently,
$df$ does not lie in the image of the homomorphism
\begin{equation}\label{f1}
H^0(U,\, K_U) \, \longrightarrow\, H^0(\phi^{-1}(U),\, K_{\phi^{-1}(U)}),\ \ \,
\omega\, \longmapsto \phi^*\omega\, .
\end{equation}

Let $$\widehat{f} \, \in\, H^0\left(U,\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\big\vert_U\right)$$ be
the section corresponding to $f$. Since $df$ does not lie in the image of the homomorphism
in \eqref{f1}, we conclude that
$$
d_\phi(\widehat{f})\, \notin\, H^0\left(U,\, \left(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\right)\big\vert_U
\otimes K_U\right)\, .
$$
Consequently, the connection $d_\phi$ is definitively singular at the point $\phi(y)$.
\end{proof}

\section{Characterization of the genuinely ramified maps}

Take $X$, $Y$ and $\phi$ as in \eqref{e2}.
For the singular connection on $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ in Corollary \ref{cor1}, let
\begin{equation}\label{e3}
\textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\, \subset\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y
\end{equation}
be the maximal regular subsheaf (see Definition \ref{def1}).

Since
$$
H^0(Y,\, \text{Hom}({\mathcal O}_Y,\, {\mathcal O}_Y))\,=\,
H^0(Y,\, \text{Hom}(\phi^*{\mathcal O}_X,\, {\mathcal O}_Y))\,=\,
H^0(X,\, \text{Hom}({\mathcal O}_X,\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y))
$$
(see \cite[p.~110]{Ha}), the identity map of ${\mathcal O}_Y$ produces a
nonzero homomorphism
\begin{equation}\label{e4}
\iota\,\,:\,\, {\mathcal O}_X\,\, \hookrightarrow\,\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\, .
\end{equation}

\begin{remark}\label{rem2}\mbox{}
\begin{enumerate}
\item The coherent subsheaf ${\mathcal O}_X\, \subset\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ in
\eqref{e4} is actually a subbundle. Indeed, this follows immediately from the
fact that for any Zariski open neighborhood $U\, \subset\, X$
of any $x\, \in\, X$, and any $f\, \in\, H^0(U,\, {\mathcal O}_U)$ with $f(x)\, \not=\, 0$,
the section $f\circ\phi\, \in\, H^0(\phi^{-1}(U),\, {\mathcal O}_{\phi^{-1}(U)})$ does
not vanish on any point of $\phi^{-1}(x)$.

\item When the characteristic of the base field $k$ is zero, then $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ actually
splits as ${\mathcal O}_X\oplus T^*_\phi$, where $T_\phi$ is known as the Tschirnhausen bundle
(see \cite{CLV}). We note that $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ does not split in general when the characteristic
of $k$ is positive. For example, take $k$ to be of characteristic two, and take $\phi$ to be a nontrivial
\'etale covering of degree two. Then $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ is a nontrivial extension of a degree zero
line bundle by ${\mathcal O}_X$. Indeed, this follows immediately from the fact that
the group ring $k[{\mathbb Z}/2{\mathbb Z}]$ is not completely reducible as a ${\mathbb Z}/2{\mathbb Z}$ module; the
submodule $$\{\lambda\cdot 1+\lambda\cdot g\,\, \mid\,\, \lambda\, \in\, k\}\,\, \subset\,\, k[{\mathbb Z}/2{\mathbb Z}],$$
where ${\mathbb Z}/2{\mathbb Z}\,=\, \{1,\, g\}$, does not have a complement.
\end{enumerate}
\end{remark}

\begin{proposition}\label{prop2}
The subsheaf ${\mathcal O}_X$ in \eqref{e4} is contained in the
subsheaf ${\bf R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$ in \eqref{e3}.
\end{proposition}

\begin{proof}
Let $d_X$ (respectively, $d_Y$) denote the connection on ${\mathcal O}_X$ (respectively,
${\mathcal O}_Y$) given by the de Rham differential on $X$ (respectively, $Y$). The natural
isomorphism $\phi^*{\mathcal O}_X\, \stackrel{\sim}{\longrightarrow}\, {\mathcal O}_Y$
takes the pulled back connection $\phi^* d_X$ on $\phi^*{\mathcal O}_X$ to the connection
$d_Y$ on ${\mathcal O}_Y$. Using this it follows that the following diagram is commutative:
\begin{equation}\label{o1}
\begin{matrix}
{\mathcal O}_X & \stackrel{\iota}{\longrightarrow} & \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\\
\,\,\, \Big\downarrow d_X && \,\,\, \Big\downarrow {\widetilde d}_Y\\
K_X & \stackrel{\iota\otimes \xi}{\longrightarrow} &
(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\otimes K_X\otimes{\mathcal O}_X(\Delta)
\end{matrix}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{itemize}
\item $\iota$ is the homomorphism in \eqref{e4},

\item ${\widetilde d}_Y$ is the (singular) connection on $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$
obtained in Corollary \ref{cor1} from the nonsingular connection $d_Y$ on ${\mathcal O}_Y$,

\item $\Delta$ is the polar divisor for ${\widetilde d}_Y$, and

\item $\xi\, :\, K_X\, \longrightarrow\, K_X\otimes{\mathcal O}_X(\Delta)$ is the natural homomorphism.
\end{itemize}
In view of the commutativity of \eqref{o1}, from the definition of the maximal regular
subsheaf $\textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$ it follows immediately that
${\mathcal O}_X\, \subset\, \textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$.
\end{proof}

Let
\begin{equation}\label{d-2}
0 \, \subsetneq\, H_1\, \subset\,
\cdots\, \subset\, H_{b-1}\, \subset\, H_b\,=\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y
\end{equation}
be the Harder--Narasimhan filtration of $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ (see \cite[\S~1.3]{HL}). We note that $H_1$ is
the unique maximal semistable (also called the maximal destabilizing) subbundle of $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$.

Let
\begin{equation}\label{d-3}
0 \, \subsetneq\, G_1\, \subset\,
\cdots\, \subset\, G_{c-1}\, \subset\, G_c\,=\, \textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)
\end{equation}
be the Harder--Narasimhan filtration of $\textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$. As before,
$G_1$ is the unique maximal semistable subbundle of $\textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$.

\begin{proposition}\label{prop-1}
The subsheaf $G_1\, \subset\, \textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\, \subset\,\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$
in \eqref{d-3} coincides with the subsheaf $H_1$ in \eqref{d-2}.
\end{proposition}

\begin{proof}
We know that
\begin{equation}\label{d-1}
\text{degree}(H_1)\,=\, 0
\end{equation}
(see \cite[p.~12825, (2.7)]{BP}). So $\text{degree}(G_1)\,\leq\, 0$, because
$\textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\, \subset\,\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$. On the other hand,
$\text{degree}(G_1)\,\geq\, 0$, because ${\mathcal O}_X\, \subset\, \textbf{R}
(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$ (see Proposition \ref{prop2}). These together imply that
\begin{equation}\label{g-1}
\text{degree}(G_1)\,=\, 0 .
\end{equation}
In view of \eqref{d-1} and \eqref{g-1}, from the properties of the
Harder--Narasimhan filtration we conclude that
\begin{equation}\label{g-2}
G_1\, \subset\, H_1.
\end{equation}

We will now show that
\begin{equation}\label{g-3}
H_1\, \subset\, G_1.
\end{equation}

Recall that ${\mathcal O}_X\, \subset\, H_1\, \subset\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$. First assume that
$H_1\,=\, {\mathcal O}_X$. But we have ${\mathcal O}_X\, \subset\, G_1$, because ${\mathcal O}_X\, \subset\,
\textbf{R} (\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$ (see Proposition \ref{prop2}) and \eqref{g-1} holds. Therefore, in this
case \eqref{g-3} holds.

Next assume that ${\mathcal O}_X\, \subsetneq\, H_1$. Then there is a nontrivial \'etale covering
$$
g\, :\, \widetilde{X}\, \longrightarrow\, X
$$
and a morphism $h\, :\, Y\, \longrightarrow\,\widetilde{X}$ such that
\begin{enumerate}
\item $g\circ h\,=\, \phi$, and

\item the subsheaf
\begin{equation}\label{g-4}
\iota\,:\, g_*{\mathcal O}_{\widetilde{X}}\, \hookrightarrow \, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y,
\end{equation}
given by the factoring of $\phi$ in (1), coincides with $H_1$.
\end{enumerate}
(See the proof of $(2)\, \implies\, (1)$ in the proof of \cite[Proposition 2.6]{BP}.) Since
$g$ is \'etale, from Proposition \ref{prop1} it follows that the connection on
$g_*{\mathcal O}_{\widetilde{X}}$ obtained in Corollary \ref{cor1} is nonsingular.
On the other hand, homomorphism $\iota$ in \eqref{g-4} is clearly connection preserving. In other words, the
following diagram is commutative:
$$
\begin{matrix}
g_*{\mathcal O}_{\widetilde{X}} & \stackrel{\iota}{\longrightarrow} & \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\\
\Big\downarrow && \,\,\,\Big\downarrow d_\phi\\
(g_*{\mathcal O}_{\widetilde{X}})\otimes K_X & \stackrel{\iota\otimes \xi}{\longrightarrow} &
(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\otimes K_X\otimes{\mathcal O}_X(\Delta)
\end{matrix}
$$
where $\Delta$ is the polar divisor for the singular connection ${\widetilde d}_Y$ (see \eqref{o1}) and
$\xi$ is the homomorphism in \eqref{o1}. Therefore, we conclude that
$$
g_*{\mathcal O}_{\widetilde{X}}\, \subset\,\textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y).
$$
This again implies \eqref{g-3}.
\end{proof}

Fix a base point $y_0\, \in\, Y$.
The morphism $\phi$ in \eqref{e2} is called a genuinely ramified map if the corresponding
homomorphism of \'etale fundamental groups
$$
\phi_*\,\,:\,\,\pi_1^{\rm et}(Y,\, y_0) \, \longrightarrow\, \pi_1^{\rm et}(X,\, \phi(y_0))
$$
is surjective \cite{BP}.

{}From \eqref{g-1} and Proposition \ref{prop2} it follows that
\begin{equation}\label{g-5}
{\mathcal O}_X\, \hookrightarrow\, G_1.
\end{equation}

\begin{corollary}\label{cor2}
The map $\phi$ is genuinely ramified if and only if the inclusion map
${\mathcal O}_X\, \hookrightarrow\, G_1$ in \eqref{g-5} is an isomorphism.
\end{corollary}

\begin{proof}
{}From \cite[p.~12828, Proposition 2.6]{BP} we know that $\phi$ is genuinely ramified
if and only if $H_1\, =\, {\mathcal O}_X$, where $H_1$ is the subsheaf in \eqref{d-2}.
So the result follows immediately from Proposition \ref{prop-1}.
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem}\label{thm1}
Assume that the characteristic of the base field $k$ is zero.
The morphism $\phi$ in \eqref{e2} is genuinely ramified if and only if
the inclusion map
$${\mathcal O}_X\, \hookrightarrow\, {\bf R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$$
in Proposition \ref{prop2} is an isomorphism.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
First assume that $\phi$ is not a genuinely ramified map. This implies that
there is a nontrivial \'etale covering
$$
\gamma\,\, :\,\, Z\, \longrightarrow\, X
$$
and a morphism $\beta\, :\, Y\, \longrightarrow\, Z$ such that $\phi\,=\, \gamma\circ\beta$
\cite[Proposition 2.6]{BP}. Since $\phi\,=\, \gamma\circ\beta$, we have
\begin{equation}\label{e5}
\iota\, \, :\,\, \gamma_*{\mathcal O}_Z\, \hookrightarrow\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\, .
\end{equation}

The possibly singular connection on $\gamma_*{\mathcal O}_Z$ (respectively,
$\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$) given by Corollary \ref{cor1} will be denoted by $d_\gamma$
(respectively, $d_\phi$). Since $\gamma$ is \'etale from Proposition \ref{prop1}
we know that $d_\gamma$ is nonsingular.
On the other hand, the homomorphism $\iota$ in \eqref{e5} intertwines $d_\gamma$ and
$d_\phi$, meaning the following diagram is commutative:
$$
\begin{matrix}
\gamma_*{\mathcal O}_Z & \stackrel{\iota}{\longrightarrow} & \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\\
\,\,\, \Big\downarrow d_\gamma && \,\,\,\Big\downarrow d_\phi\\
K_X & \stackrel{\iota\otimes \xi}{\longrightarrow} &
(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\otimes K_X\otimes{\mathcal O}_X(\Delta)
\end{matrix}
$$
where $\Delta$ is the polar divisor for $d_\phi$ and
$\xi\, :\, K_X\, \longrightarrow\,K_X\otimes {\mathcal O}_X(\Delta)$ is the natural homomorphism.
Hence we have
$$
\iota (\gamma_*{\mathcal O}_Z)\, \subset\, \textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\, .
$$
Since $\text{rank}(\iota (\gamma_*{\mathcal O}_Z))\,=\, \text{degree}(\gamma) \, >\, 1$ (recall that
$\gamma$ is a nontrivial \'etale covering), it
follows that $\text{rank}({\mathcal O}_X)\,< \,\text{rank}(\textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y))$.

We will now prove that ${\mathcal O}_X\, =\, \textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$ if
$\phi$ is a genuinely ramified map.

As before, let $d_\phi$ denote the possibly singular connection on
$\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ given by Corollary \ref{cor1}. Since $d_\phi$ induces a
nonsingular connection on $\textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$, and the characteristic of $k$ is zero,
we conclude that
\begin{equation}\label{ed}
\text{degree}(\textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y))\,=\, 0
\end{equation}
(see \cite[p.~ 145, Proposition 3.1]{BS}). As in \eqref{d-2}, let
$$
H_1\, \subset\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y
$$
be the maximal semistable subbundle. Since $\mu(H_1)\,=\, 0$ \cite[p.~12825, (2.7)]{BP}, from \eqref{ed} it follows immediately that
\begin{equation}\label{ed2}
\textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\, \subset\, H_1\, .
\end{equation}
But $H_1\,=\, {\mathcal O}_X$ if $\phi$ is a genuinely ramified map \cite[p.~12828, Definition 2.5]{BP}. So \eqref{ed2} implies that
$\textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\, \subset\, {\mathcal O}_X$ is $\phi$ is a genuinely ramified map. Using this and
Proposition \ref{prop2} it follows that ${\mathcal O}_X\, =\, \textbf{R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)$ if
$\phi$ is a genuinely ramified map.
\end{proof}

\begin{remark}\label{re1}
Theorem \ref{thm1} is not valid if the assumption that the characteristic of $k$ is zero
is removed. To explain this, assume that the characteristic of $k$ is positive, and let
$$
F_Y\, :\, Y\, \longrightarrow\, Y
$$
be the absolute Frobenius morphism of $Y$. Consider the subsheaf
$$
F^{-1}_Y {\mathcal O}_Y \, \hookrightarrow\, {\mathcal O}_Y;
$$
note that it is not a coherent subsheaf. This inclusion map produces an inclusion map
$$
\phi_* F^{-1}_Y {\mathcal O}_Y \, \hookrightarrow\, \phi_* {\mathcal O}_Y\, .
$$
Let ${\mathcal W}\, \subset\, \phi_* {\mathcal O}_Y$ denote the coherent subsheaf
generated by $\phi_* F^{-1}_Y {\mathcal O}_Y$. Then it is straightforward to check
that the (singular) connection $d_\phi$ on $\phi_* {\mathcal O}_Y$ preserves
$\mathcal W$ and, furthermore, the resulting connection on $\mathcal W$ is nonsingular.
This implies that
$$
{\mathcal W}\, \subset\, {\bf R}(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)\, .
$$
But clearly, $${\mathcal O}_X\, \subsetneq\, {\mathcal W}.$$
To complete the example, if we take $X\,=\, {\mathbb P}^1_k$, then $\phi$ is
genuinely ramified.
\end{remark}

\section{Pullback of irreducible connections}

Take $X$, $Y$ and $\phi$ as in \eqref{e2}.
Let $E$ be a vector bundle on $X$ equipped with a nonsingular connection $D$. The
connection $D$ induces a connection on $\phi^*E$; this induced connection will be
denoted by $\phi^*D$. The singular connection on $\phi_*\phi^*E$, obtained in
Lemma \ref{lem2} from $\phi^*D$, will be denoted by
\begin{equation}\label{ee}
\widehat{D}.
\end{equation}
Let
\begin{equation}\label{f2}
\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)\, \hookrightarrow\, \phi_*\phi^*E
\end{equation}
be the maximal regular subsheaf for this singular connection $\widehat{D}$.

Using the projection formula, \cite[p.~124, Ex.~5.1(d)]{Ha}, we have
\begin{equation}\label{e11}
\phi_*\phi^*E\,=\, E\otimes\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\, .
\end{equation}
The inclusion map $\iota\, :\, {\mathcal O}_X\, \hookrightarrow\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$
in \eqref{e4} produces an injective homomorphism
\begin{equation}\label{e10}
H\, :=\, \text{Id}_E\otimes\iota \, \, :\,\, E\,=\, E\otimes {\mathcal O}_X
\, \longrightarrow\, E\otimes\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\,=\, \phi_*\phi^*E\,.
\end{equation}
{}From Remark \ref{rem2}(1) we know that $H(E)$ is a subbundle of $\phi_*\phi^*E$.

\begin{proposition}\label{prop3}
Assume that the characteristic of the base field $k$ is zero.
Assume that the map $\phi$ in \eqref{e2} is genuinely ramified. Then
$$
\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)\,=\, H(E)
$$
as subsheaves of $\phi_*\phi^*E$ (see \eqref{f2} and \eqref{e10}).
\end{proposition}

\begin{proof}
As before, let $d_\phi$ denote the singular connection on $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$
obtained in Corollary \ref{cor1}. The connection $D$ on $E$ and this singular connection
$d_\phi$ together produce a singular connection on $E\otimes\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$;
this singular connection on $E\otimes\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ will be denoted by $\widehat{D}_\phi$.
The identification $E\otimes\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\,=\, \phi_*\phi^*E$ in \eqref{e11}
takes $\widehat{D}_\phi$ to $\widehat{D}$ (see \eqref{ee}). Indeed, this follows from the
construction of $\widehat{D}$ (see Lemma \ref{lem2}).
The subsheaf $\iota({\mathcal O}_X)\, \subset\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ (see
\eqref{e10}) is preserved by the singular connection $d_\phi$ (see Proposition \ref{prop2}
and its proof). This, and the fact that the identification
$E\otimes\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\,=\, \phi_*\phi^*E$ in \eqref{e11}
takes the singular connection on $E\otimes\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ induced
by $D$ and $d_\phi$ to the singular connection $\widehat{D}$ on $\phi_*\phi^*E$, together
imply that the homomorphism $H$ in \eqref{e10} takes the connection $D$ (on $E$)
to $\widehat{D}$ in \eqref{ee}. In other words, the following diagram is commutative:
\begin{equation}\label{o3}
\begin{matrix}
E & \stackrel{H}{\longrightarrow} & \phi_*\phi^*E\\
\,\,\,\, \Big\downarrow D &&\,\,\,\, \Big\downarrow \widehat{D}\\
E\otimes K_X & \stackrel{H\otimes\xi}{\longrightarrow} & E\otimes K_X\otimes {\mathcal O}_X(\Delta)
\end{matrix}
\end{equation}
where $\Delta$ is the polar divisor for $\widehat{D}$ and $\xi\, :\, K_X\, \longrightarrow\,
K_X\otimes {\mathcal O}_X(\Delta)$ is the natural homomorphism; recall that $D$ is a nonsingular connection.
Now the commutativity of \eqref{o3} implies that
\begin{itemize}
\item the subsheaf
$$
H(E)\, \subset\, \phi_*\phi^*E
$$
is preserved by the singular connection $\widehat{D}$ on $\phi_*\phi^*E$, and

\item $\widehat{D}$ induces a nonsingular connection on $H(E)$.
\end{itemize}
Consequently, we have
\begin{equation}\label{e12}
H(E)\, \subset\, \textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)\, .
\end{equation}

Note that
$$
(\phi_*\phi^*E)/H(E)\,=\, (E\otimes\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/E\,=\,
E\otimes (\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y/\iota({\mathcal O}_X))\, .
$$
Since $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y/\iota({\mathcal O}_X)$ is locally free (see
Remark \ref{rem2}(1)), the subsheaf
$H(E)\, \subset\, \phi_*\phi^*E$ is a subbundle. Consider the quotient map
\begin{equation}\label{e13}
\textbf{q}\,\,:\,\, \textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E) \, \longrightarrow\,
(\phi_*\phi^*E)/H(E)\,=\, E\otimes (\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y/\iota({\mathcal O}_X))\, .
\end{equation}
In view of \eqref{e12}, to prove the proposition it suffices to show that $\textbf{q}\,=\, 0$.

Since both $H(E)$ and $\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)$ are preserved by the singular
connection $\widehat{D}$ on $\phi_*\phi^*E$,
\begin{enumerate}
\item $\widehat{D}$ induces a singular connection on $(\phi_*\phi^*E)/H(E)$ (recall that
$(\phi_*\phi^*E)/H(E)$ is locally free), and

\item the homomorphism $\textbf{q}$ in \eqref{e13} takes the nonsingular connection
on $\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)$ (given by $\widehat{D}$) to the singular connection
on $$(\phi_*\phi^*E)/H(E)\,=\, E\otimes ((\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X))$$
induced by $\widehat{D}$.
\end{enumerate}

Let
\begin{equation}\label{e14}
\textbf{q}'\,\,:\,\, E^*\otimes \textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E) \, \longrightarrow\,
(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X)
\end{equation}
be the homomorphism obtained by composing $${\rm Id}_{E^*}\otimes \textbf{q}\,
\,:\, E^*\otimes\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E) \, \longrightarrow\,
E^*\otimes E\otimes ((\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X))$$ (see \eqref{e13})
with the homomorphism $E^*\otimes E\otimes ((\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X))
\, \longrightarrow\, (\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X)$
constructed using the natural pairing $E^*\otimes E\, \longrightarrow\, {\mathcal O}_X$.

Let $D^*$ denote the nonsingular connection on $E^*$ given by the nonsingular connection
$D$ on $E$. The connection $D^*$, and the connection on $\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)$
given by $\widehat{D}$, together produce a connection on $E^*\otimes
\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)$; this connection on $E^*\otimes
\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)$ will be denoted by ${\mathcal D}_1$.
As noted before, The subbundle $\iota({\mathcal O}_X)\, \subset\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$
(see \eqref{e10} and Remark \ref{rem2}(1)) is preserved by the singular connection $d_\phi$.
Consequently, $d_\phi$ induces a singular connection on the quotient bundle
$(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X)$; this singular connection on
$(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X)$ will be denoted by ${\mathcal D}_2$. Since
$\textbf{q}$ in \eqref{e13} takes the nonsingular connection
on $\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)$ (given by $\widehat{D}$) to the singular connection
on $(\phi_*\phi^*E)/H(E)\,=\, E\otimes ((\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X))$, it
follows immediately that $\textbf{q}'$ in \eqref{e14} takes the above defined
singular connection ${\mathcal D}_1$ on $E^*\otimes
\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)$ to the singular connection ${\mathcal D}_2$ on
$(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X)$.

Now note that ${\mathcal D}_1$ is a nonsingular connection, because both
$D^*$, and the connection on $\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)$ given by $\widehat{D}$, are
nonsingular. On the other hand, since $\phi$ is genuinely ramified, it can be shown
that $(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X)$ does not
contain any nonzero subsheaf on which ${\mathcal D}_2$ induces a nonsingular connection.
Indeed, if ${\mathcal D}_2$ induces a nonsingular connection connection on
${\mathcal V}\, \subset\, (\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X)$, then
consider the inverse image $\widetilde{\mathcal V}\, \subset\, \phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$
of ${\mathcal V}$ for the quotient map $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y\, \longrightarrow\,
(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X)$. The singular connection $d_\phi$
on $\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y$ induces a nonsingular connection on $\widetilde{\mathcal V}$, because
${\mathcal D}_2$ induces a nonsingular connection connection on
${\mathcal V}$. From Theorem
\ref{thm1} it follows that $\widetilde{\mathcal V}\,=\, \iota({\mathcal O}_X)$,
and hence ${\mathcal V}\,=\, 0$. So $(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X)$ does not
contain any nonzero subsheaf on which ${\mathcal D}_2$ induces a nonsingular connection.

Since $\textbf{q}'$ in \eqref{e14} takes ${\mathcal D}_1$ to ${\mathcal
D}_2$, and ${\mathcal D}_1$ is a nonsingular connection, while
$(\phi_*{\mathcal O}_Y)/\iota({\mathcal O}_X)$ does not
contain any nonzero subsheaf on which ${\mathcal D}_2$ induces a nonsingular connection,
considering the image of $\textbf{q}'$ it follows that
$$
\textbf{q}'\,=\, 0\, .
$$
This implies that $\textbf{q}$ in \eqref{e13} vanishes identically, and hence
$H(E)\, =\, \textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)$.
\end{proof}

The following converse of Proposition \ref{prop3} was pointed out by the referee.

\begin{proposition}\label{prop-l}
Assume that the characteristic of the base field $k$ is zero.
Assume that
$$
\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)\,=\, H(E)
$$
as subsheaves of $\phi_*\phi^*E$ (see \eqref{f2} and \eqref{e10}).
Then the map $\phi$ in \eqref{e2} is genuinely ramified.
\end{proposition}

\begin{proof}
To prove the proposition by contradiction, assume that the map $\phi$ is not genuinely ramified.
Then, as noted in the proof of Proposition \ref{prop-1}, there is a nontrivial \'etale covering
$$
g\, :\, \widetilde{X}\, \longrightarrow\, X
$$
and a morphism $h\, :\, Y\, \longrightarrow\,\widetilde{X}$ such that
\begin{equation}\label{j1}
g\circ h\,=\, \phi .
\end{equation}
{}From \eqref{j1} it follows immediately that
\begin{equation}\label{j2}
\iota\,\, :\,\, g_*g^*E\,\,\hookrightarrow\,\, \phi_*\phi^*E.
\end{equation}

Consider the nonsingular connection $g^*D$ on $g^*E$ given by $D$. Let
$\widetilde{D}$ denote the connection on $g_*g^*E$ obtained in
Lemma \ref{lem2} from $g^*D$. We note that this connection
$\widetilde{D}$ on $g_*g^*E$ is nonsingular. Indeed, this follows from the
observation that $g^*K_X\,=\, K_{\widetilde{X}}$, because the map $g$ is \'etale, and hence
$$g_*((g^*E)\otimes K_{\widetilde{X}})\,=\, (g_*g^*E)\otimes K_X$$
(projection formula).

The map in \eqref{j2} intertwines the connections $\widehat D$ (see \eqref{ee}) and $\widetilde D$ (see above)
on $\phi_*\phi^*E$ and $g_*g^*E$ respectively, meaning the following diagram is commutative:
$$
\begin{matrix}
g_*g^* E & \stackrel{\iota}{\longrightarrow} & \phi_*\phi^*E\\
\,\,\,\, \Big\downarrow {\widetilde D} && \,\,\,\, \Big\downarrow {\widehat D}\\
(g_*g^* E)\otimes K_X & \stackrel{\iota\otimes \xi}{\longrightarrow} &
(\phi_*\phi^*E)\otimes K_X\otimes{\mathcal O}_X(\Delta)
\end{matrix}
$$
where $\Delta$ is the polar divisor for $\widehat D$ and
$\xi\, :\, K_X\, \longrightarrow\,K_X\otimes {\mathcal O}_X(\Delta)$ is the natural homomorphism.
Consequently, we have $$g_*g^* E \, \subset\, \textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E).$$ This implies that
$$\text{rank}(\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E))
\, \geq \, \text{rank}(g_*g^* E) \,=\, \text{rank}(E)\cdot \text{degree}(g)\, >\,
\text{rank}(E)\,=\, \text{rank}(H(E))$$
because $g$ is a nontrivial \'etale covering. In particular, we have
$$
\textbf{R}(\phi_*\phi^*E)\,\not=\, H(E).
$$
This completes the proof.
\end{proof}

\section*{Acknowledgements}

We are very grateful to the referee for Proposition \ref{prop-l} and also for
helpful comments to improve the manuscript.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
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With recent organizational changes, I acquired additional people reporting to me as their first-line manager. This particular group supports older legacy software products that are slowly becoming obsolete. Our organization is transforming in ways that require employees to learn and use new tools so they can eventually join teams that are developing our new products. All team members have learned the new tools except one older individual. He is content with the status quo, vocalized that he does not want to do anything new, and intentionally does not take training or opportunities when offered.
The problem is that prior managers allowed this behavior to exist and I inherited it. How can I influence this person to change?
Congratulations on your success in helping so many stay prepared for future responsibilities. The fact that you've got only one outlier is a credit both to your team's initiative and your influence.
Now, let's talk about the "older individual." I'll share a variety of thoughts that I hope spur a productive path forward for both of you.
1. Question the question. Is it really a problem that he doesn't learn the new tools? For example, if the legacy systems will need another year's support and he intends to retire in a year or so, perhaps he's making a perfectly rational decision not to invest in new skills. My first challenge is for you to broaden your definition of a good outcome and consider whether his aspirations and the organization's needs can both be served by keeping him where he is. If not, continue to #2.
2. Diagnose carefully. It's often the case that ability problems appear to be motivation problems. For example, when I was five years old, I was embarrassed that I didn't know how to swim. My mother signed me up for swim lessons and I feigned a lack of interest—not because I truly didn't want to know how to swim, but because I was certain my lack of body fat would make me sink to the bottom of the pool. Could it be that he is interested in new ideas, but worries he couldn't handle the complexity? If so, you need to find a way to make it safe to surface this issue and develop solutions to the ability problem—or at least his perception that there is an ability problem.
3. Explore natural consequences. Too many managers think it's their job to motivate people to change. It isn't. Your job is to help them understand the natural consequences of their choices. For example, you might explain, "You are highly competent at our legacy systems. Our new systems require abracadabra certification. In about eighteen months we will sunset our legacy systems. The only jobs we'll have available then will require the new certification. There will not be a position you qualify for at that time based on your current skill set." Having explained the world as you see it, it is his choice to either motivate himself to learn abracadabra—or not. You can surrender the need to manage his choices.
Let me conclude with one final invitation. Make sure you check your own motives. Be sure you are not writing someone off because he is not everything you think he should be. If he is resistant to new skills, but his presence is still a "win-win" for the organization, don't be myopic and miss that bigger picture.
These are tough calls to make. Management is tough. I wish you the best as you do the right thing for those you serve.
As both an older invidual and someone who has managed a few staffs I was very interested in your column. I agree with almost everything you say but have to take exception to your premise in #3. You say 'Too many managers think it's their job to motivate people to change. It isn't.' I say why not? The major asset of most organizations is the people and managers are responsible for their people. Shouldn't the manager's manager hold the manager responsible for how the manager's people perform and the manager's role in their performance? I think it shortsighted to say that the manager is not responsible for motivating the person they are managing. For me it's part of the role of the manager. I am fine with what you advise in #3 – do help them understand the consequence of their decisions. That part makes perfest sense. It's the caveat you lead with I am questioning. It did make me stop and question my belief. It is challenging, but upon reflection I think it is unnecessary to your point.
Thank you for this post; "Explore natural consequences" gave me a new perspective, especially this sentence: "You can surrender the need to manage his choices." Appreciate the insightful material.
My sympathies lie with the older person. Computer use is not part of our basic skill set – it is something we acquired in middle age. I'd like to ask who is teaching this "older individual"? If it is a young person, maybe they are just moving too fast and assuming a high level of prior knowledge, just making "older individual" feel inadequate. Get an older person to teach him.. SeniorNet (which I think is a world-wide organisation) teaches in a more relaxed and slower way and has great success with older learners.


Ape Snake is a dark, dry hopped farmhouse ale. We've taken our dark farmhouse base and dry hopped it with Falconer's Flight and Centennial hops. The combination of yeast and hops create an explosion of flavours, and this beer will continue to develop as it ages.


Federated Investors, Inc. (the "Parent") is filing this schedule 13G because it is the parent holding company of Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania and Federated Global Investment Management Corp. (the "Investment Advisers"), which act as investment advisers to registered investment companies and separate accounts that own shares of common stock in CONTRAFECT CORPORATION (the "Reported Securities"). The Investment Advisers are wholly owned subsidiaries of FII Holdings, Inc., which is wholly owned subsidiary of Federated Investors, Inc., the Parent. All of the Parent's outstanding voting stock is held in the Voting Shares Irrevocable Trust (the "Trust") for which Thomas R. Donahue, Rhodora J. Donahue and J. Christopher Donahue act as trustees (collectively, the "Trustees"). The Trustees have joined in filing this Schedule 13G because of the collective voting control that they exercise over the parent. In accordance with Rule 13d-4 under the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, the Parent, the Trust, and each of the Trustees declare that this statement should not be construed as an admission that they are the beneficial owners of the Reported Securities, and the Parent, the Trust, and each of the Trustees expressly disclaim beneficial ownership of the Reported Securities.


Join the Rhode Island College Alumni Association as we celebrate graduates and community leaders whose personal and professional achievement and service to the community and Rhode Island College and/or the Alumni Association bring honor upon themselves and the College.
We will be celebrating 14 outstanding honorees and we hope you can join us for the dinner and awards program. Net proceeds support the Association's scholarship and RICochet emergency assistance program for RIC students.
For more information and full honoree bios, visit www.ric.edu/alumniawards.
Featuring performances by theater, music and dance students. Backstage Passes include exclusive networking event with recipients of the Miranda Family Foundation Scholarship and many more special guests.


Last night both the U13 and U15 girls football teams were in action at Hull University playing fields. Again similar to earlier in the week the weather wasn't the greatest with strong winds throughout the whole night.
The U13 girls kicked off 1st against St Mary's Academy at 4pm. With only 10 girls side facing a strong 11+ side from St Mary's the girls knew they were going to have a battle on their hands. The girls started well but unfortunately St Mary's soon put a goal into the back of the Sirius net to get them off the starting blocks. A special mention here needs to go out to Aimee Harris (y8) who played in goal for her first ever football match, a good performance which showed improvement throughout the 1st half. The girls battled hard and were playing straight into the wind during the first half which gave St Mary's the advantage to put more goals by the half time whistle into the back of the net.
At half time the girls were disheartened but seemed more positive to go out and score goals in the 2nd half knowing that the weather was more in their favour. Unfortunately the additional player they had on the pitch made all the difference and Sirius struggled to get their side of the score line going. Despite this key players worked hard throughout and never took their foot of the pedal. Mia Duke stayed strong in defence and was tracking the whole width of the pitch and impressively Georgia Wardell in the middle of the field with Ellie Cone just never stopped moving!
Unfortunately after such a hugely successful season the U13 girls got beat 7-0. Despite this the girls should be congratulated on their success this year in representing Sirius Academy in Girls Football in the way they have. They may not be champions of the Hull Cup, but they are the best 7 a side team in Hull and 2nd best team in the Region after their Trip to Derby earlier this year which is definitely something they can celebrate!
The U15 girls kicked of 2nd against Malet Lambert at 5.30pm. A 11 strong team from Sirius faced Malet Lambert and the girls seemed positive and raring to go. Having half the team just returned and got dropped off from the Rugby fixture in Huddersfield yesterday it was clear that energy levels wouldn't be as high as Tuesday nights game where they knocked St Mary's out of the competition. However with Chloe Gray still on top from in the net and her sister, Jess Gray, holding the game in central midfield Sirius looked strong from the start. Sirius chose to play into the wind to start meaning they would have to work hard before been able to rest and use the weather to their advantage in the second half, and work hard they did! From front to back Sirius looked strong and only twice Malet Lambert managed to get the goal past our line into the back of the net in conditions which were totally in their favour. Mel McCann put in an impressive performance working hard to track their best player number 9 all over the field. When turning round ends for the second half Sirius were still positive and strong however when starting to play it was clear the legs of those who had played Rugby all day were beginning to tire, even though we had the weather in our favour. Megan Atkinson and Ebony worked hard upfront and chased the ball but with a full days rugby playing in their legs it was difficult to get that last burst of energy out of them to meet the ball. Chloe Gray again made some impressive saves to keep the scoreline down however Malet Lambert did manage to put a couple more past the Sirius goal line in the second half.
Despite the score line (5-0 to Malet) I can honestly say that every girls on the pitch worked their absolute hardest and desperately wanted a win for Sirius Academy. It is evidence enough when a player takes a knock, gets up and insists on carrying on until the end. A huge congratulations should go out to these girls. To play with the determination and energy which they showed after already playing a big game this week on Tuesday and having half the team tired from a full day of Rugby in an unbelievable achievement.
I am immensely proud of all the girls who played yesterday in all year groups, and those who have played at points throughout the year. They have represented the Academy in an excellent, mature and professional way throughout the season on both the local and regional stage. Please congratulate all who contributed to the games yesterday and again thank them on my behalf. Miss Natasha Pearson.


text:
Manuel Au-Yong Oliveira
manuel.a.oliveira@inesctec.pt
Business Narrative Modelling Language (BNML) representations: A storyline view and a plot view of how interoperability is an antecedent of innovation at IP BRICK
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AJBM - African Journal of Business Management , vol.6, no.15, pp.5338-5361
The relationship between interoperability and innovation is very hard to prove and more empirical studies seem to be needed to this end. We performed an in-depth case study at an innovative Portuguese software firm which has achieved steady growth, international brand recognition and consistent annual profits, despite the much publicized economic crisis in Portugal. IP BRICK is interesting as it differs from the survivalist entrepreneurial endeavours which tend to be the norm in Portugal. We indeed conclude that having an interoperability capability is central and an antecedent to innovation. Furthermore, a dynamic organizational innovation culture is instrumental and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is seen to be an enabler in the process. Using digital knowledge management tools as a basis for innovation and having a company-wide profit-sharing scheme based on seniority, but also on merit, encourage a knowledge-sharing corporate culture. This is seen to be especially im
Enterprise Web Accessibility Levels Amongst the Forbes 250: Where Art Thou O Virtuous Leader?
Ramiro Gonçalves; José Martins; Manuel Au-Yong Oliveira; Jorge Pereira
J Bus Ethics - Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-15
The research team measured the enterprise web accessibility levels of the Forbes 250 largest enterprises using the fully automatic accessibility evaluation tool Sortsite, and presented the compliance of the evaluated websites to WCAG 1.0, WCAG 2.0 and Section 508 accessibility levels. Given the recent attention to organizational leaders having ethical duties towards their dedicated employees, we propose that 'societal citizenship behaviour' concerns ethical duties of organizational leaders towards society in general and in particular to those who have less means to assert their needs. In effect, we found enterprise website accessibility levels to be in need of significant improvement. An interpretation of a positive path forward to better enterprise website accessibility levels is put forth based on a focus-group interaction and using BNML-a novel Business Narrative Modelling Language.
Applying Creativity to Research Methods - An Analysis of Innovation Antecedents Using the Business Narrative Modelling Language (BNML)
IEMS ''12 - 3rd Industrial Engineering and Management Symposium, pp.28-30, Porto, Portugal
Read Full Publication
How interoperability fosters innovation: The case for servant leadership
What is the relationship between interoperability and innovation? While a relationship likely exists, according to the literature, it is seen to be very hard to prove. Furthermore, what role does (servant) leadership play? In order to address these questions, this research paper is based upon three research efforts, undertaken in Portugal: 1) An exploratory in-depth survey concerning servant leadership, administered to students finalizing their BSc Management Degree (54 valid responses); 2) An in-depth survey on servant leadership, interoperability and innovation administered to executives in various industries (55 valid responses from nine different industries); 3) A case study of Infosistema, an innovative Portuguese firm which exemplifies the servant leadership philosophy. Our results show that servant leadership leads to interoperability and both are seen to be antecedents of innovation. However, the servant leadership philosophy is a distant reality from most organizations in Port
SPIN-UP - creating an Entrepreneurship Coaching and Training Program for University Spin-Offs
Manuel Au-Yong Oliveira; João José Ferreira; Alexandra Xavier; José Carlos Caldeira; Gonçalo Meireles; Milton Sousa; Dariusz Tzmrielak; Sanna Tomperi; Pekka Salmi; Marko Torkkeli; Arthur Tolsma; Qing Ye; Marina van Geenhuizen
in Proceedings of ECIE 2012 - 7th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Santarém, Portugal
This SPIN-UP project has been funded with support from the European Commission and is a study involving research performed in 4 countries: Finland, the Netherlands, Poland, and Portugal. The SPIN-UP research question is: What sort of entrepreneurship training and coaching program will contribute to the development of key entrepreneurial skills, both technical and behavioural, essential to enable and leverage university spin-off (USO) growth? The aim of the SPIN-UP study was to picture key entrepreneurial skills and their contribution to the performance of university spin-off firms, as well as missing skills, in order to develop an effective training and coaching program. USO, entrepreneurial firms that bring university knowledge to market, do not traditionally grow very much and we sought to contribute to a countering of this trend. To avoid a large differentiation in firm age, firm age limits were set at 2 years (lower limit) and 10 years (higher limit). 10 years was however used flexibly, particularly in those sectors where development and bringing products to market goes relatively slowly, like in the medical life sciences and material (nano) science (15 years used as the maximum in these cases). The research to date has involved a total of 64 interviews and questionnaires in the four countries mentioned above. The preliminary comparative analysis revealed that the four countries studied show somewhat different skill sets, meaning that we may still be in a World where diff


Her brainchild turned business, Homemade Foods, revolves around the local hibiscus beverage sobolo. Sobolo is traditionally sold in plastic baggies to school children, lacks wide consumer appeal, and does not generate significant income for its mostly female vendors. Additionally, the quality of the product tends to vary greatly, plagued by contamination issues due to poor production practices. Recognizing the limitations of the drink, but also the potential, Ms. Yeboah-Awudzi set out to make a change.
"[As a] food scientist, [I] decided to research more on how to improve the quality of this local beverage, both in packaging and in nutritional content," she says. "[I] worked on microbial contamination, and came out with interventions and good manufacturing practices to reduce contamination." The result was a modified product called Pinnasob. Pinnasob is now sold at local supermarkets and private catered events through her fledgling business.
Her inspiration for Homemade Foods came while an intern at the Niche Cocoa factory where she was mentored by another young entrepreneur and the owner of the factory, Edmond Poku. "Thanks to Mr. Poku, I gained insight into how the food industry works," Ms. Yeboah-Awudzi said. Not only was she grateful for the instruction, but also the insight into how a young person could make a difference in the business world. In June 2012, Homemade Foods began production. Ms. Yeboah-Awudzi says she was able to fund "almost half of her graduate program due to the success of her business." She has since hired nearly ten young women, many of whom have gone on to start their own businesses or used their earnings to pay for a portion of their university fees. She hopes to continue to mentor ambitious and forward-thinking women like these.
Ms. Yeboah-Awudzi is a Food Science Master's student at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Ghana. She is currently studying at Louisiana State University through support from the Norman E. Borlaug Leadership Enhancement in Agriculture Program (Borlaug LEAP), administered at the University of California, Davis, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences International Programs Office. Ms. Yeboah-Awudzi hopes to leave a lasting legacy in business and in her educational career.
Ms. Yeboah-Awudzi does not feel she is an aberration or a "hero." She says she is just a hardworking young woman intent on pursuing her education in a country were women have traditionally lacked a voice in the public sphere and a stake in the business world. She is taking the ideals of initiatives like Feed the Future and making them work for her and other similarly-minded women. As Ms. Yeboah-Awudzi states, one does not need any motivation but to "JUST START." Indeed she has, and is well on her way to making a lasting impact.


text:
Sticky content calls for honed digital marketing skills
almost 4 years ago by VMAGROUP
The digital revolution has had an unprecedented impact on businesses across the globe, and has heated market competition up as brands compete for online visibility. As a result, the technical and creative skills associated with digital communications and marketing are highly in demand – but what are the abilities needed to ensure that a brand's content is creating opportunities for further conversation, not just being lost in the noise?
The key to great content creation is the ability to encourage engagement from stakeholders and clients – current or potential. Consequently, it must be engaging and tailored to a vast array of different, niche social platforms which means keeping up with the latest trends and developments. Social media platforms are evolving all the time and so constant research is a must.
One factor in creating memorable content is obviously to make sure it is shareable. Digital communicators and marketers consequently have to think like creative directors in advertising agencies and put themselves into the shoes of the people who will be doing the sharing – in other words the creation of personas. While so often digital marcomms is about effective segmentation and targeting, performance metrics and KPIs – it's important not to forget the human element – and it's that mix of creativity, process and technical ability – a real blend of art and science – that separates good digital marketers from great ones!
A great example of this in action was the rise of the "Ice Bucket Challenge", filmed and uploaded to the internet to raise awareness of Motor Neurone Disease. The nomination element of the campaign was key, and it spread like wildfire. The accompanying #hashtag and its popularity on Instagram and Snapchat grew as the challenge reached many corners of the digital landscape, amplifying its successs.
And it's that human element which makes content sticky before it reaches the web. What resonates the most with consumers – and pushes people to engage – is a raw, human feel which they can easily empathise with. Digital communicators and marketers who really get this – and can demonstrate success by being able to translate data into story telling - are in very high demand. The poppy campaign introduced by Historic Royal Palaces did just this, and "#towerpoppies" was born. The idea was to demonstrate the vast number of individuals who had given their lives in the Great Wars whilst presenting the creation of the poppies from the very beginning, to give the viewers a behind the scenes glance at the factory where they were being manufactured and offering inside knowledge about the building of the impressive installation. It felt exclusive and authentic, and, coupled with the compelling visual imagery it generated, quickly became a phenomenon.
With the discipline of content marketing evolving all the time, it can be difficult for brands to distil exactly what they are looking for when looking to hire digital content experts into their internal corporate and marketing communications teams. Project management skills are key for senior hires as the collaboration between content planning, production and measurement is critical – as is goal setting, analytics and proving the return on investment.
However, an incredibly important aspect of a successful digital marcomms campaign that cannot be ignored will always be reaction – not necessarily to the campaign itself, but to those engaging. Arguably then, reputation management skills can also fall into the remit of a content marketing strategy. Failing to respond to comments, posts, tweets or messages can position an organisation as inaccessible, unresponsive, uncaring or just pure lazy – all of which are damaging to its brand as a whole.
As the plethora of media channels advances and mutates, so does the type of content that sticks and so consequently the type of skills that a brand will need also continue to evolve. And as the content marketing discipline grows, and becomes an operational function in its own right, the demonstration of ROI - and showing how great content can contribute to strategic goals will become even more important. That calls for commercially-minded, strategic thinkers who can combine creativity with solid business acumen – a mix that can be tough to find – but which marks the beginning of a whole new generation of digital communicators and marketers who will be invaluable to the next wave of brand awareness and messaging.
If you are interested in developing your career in digital marketing, or would like our help to find the best digital marketing talent available, please contact Peter Bush today.


A participant on the TLC reality series "My 600-Lb. Life" became the first cast member to die during filming in an episode that aired Wednesday.
Robert Buchel's life-long battle with obesity was chronicled for season six of the hit series, and viewers watched in heartbreaking detail how Buchel steadily improved by shedding more than 200 pounds before ultimately suffering a fatal heart attack in November at age 41.
"TLC was deeply saddened by the loss of Robert," the network said in a statement. "We are grateful to his family who were gracious enough to let us continue to share his brave story with our viewers. Our thoughts and prayers are with them at this difficult time."
Accompanying Buchel for much of his journey was fiancée Kathryn Lemanski, who moved with her husband-to-be to Texas from New Jersey to aid as he continued his treatment.
Buchel — whose weight ballooned to 842 pounds thanks to a life-long food addiction — made quick progress at first, shedding 217 pounds at a Houston hospital in preparation for lymphedema removal surgery.
Once Buchel had his surgery, however, his previously unacknowledged addiction to painkillers kicked in, and he grew depressed and struggled to make progress as his body deteriorated. In a desperate bid at scoring more painkillers, he tore his surgery stitches.
Buchel was forced to leave his rehabilitation center for a long-term care facility after it became clear he was no longer trying to stay active, and shortly after, suffered a heart attack and died.
His final moment on screen ended on a hopeful note, as Buchel expressed interest in making progress for the sake of his fiancée.
But not long after, Lemanski appeared on screen to recount their final night together, saying that Buchel told her he didn't feel well and didn't think he'd make it through the night.
"He told me, 'I don't think I'll make it through the night. I love you and I always will,'" she said. "I lost my best friend and the person I was supposed to spend the rest of my life with."
A GoFundMe was launched in support of Lemanski shortly after Buchel's death in order to help her pay off debts she'd accumulated helping care for him.
Buchel was the first participant of the series to die during filming, though season one's Henry Foots died in 2013 of an illness unrelated to his weight loss surgery.


Upgrade is automatic from within the app for archive-based installs (zip / tar.gz). Make sure to backup the database and the files.
After saving the modification, click on upgrade button on top right bar, you can see this dialog.
Please read the upgrade instructions of v6 documentation.


text:
Gray, Wilson Honored As Terriers Prepare for Tussle With Bison
by Greg Levinsky
By: Greg Levinsky
Ahead of its Patriot League quarterfinal matchup on Tuesday night against the No. 10 Bucknell Bison, Boston University freshman Chris Gray and senior Jack Wilson were honored by the conference on Monday afternoon.
Gray was named the league's rookie of the year. We sat down with him a couple weeks ago to chronicle his stellar campaign. Gray is the first Terrier player to earn the Patriot League Rookie of the Year Award, and is one of the top freshmen in the country.
The Wading River, N.Y. native broke the program's single-season scoring record with 59 points on 25 goals and 34 assists. He set a single-game point record with 10 on two goals and eight assists in a 19-18 loss at Harvard on March 20. He recorded a point in every game and was named to the 2018 Teewarton Watch List.
Wilson earns his second consecutive All-Patriot League Second Team honor to close out his BU career. Also a Teewarton Watch List member, Wilson netted 25 goals and added 15 assists in the regular season. He recorded 11 multi-point efforts, and scored a goal in 11 of 14 games.
The Terriers (7-7, 3-5 Patriot League) face off against the Bison (11-3, 7-1 Patriot League) on Tuesday night at 7:30 p.m. in Lewisburg, Pa.
A three goal, four assist effort by Gray and a Wilson hat trick was not enough in the team's regular season meeting. Bucknell earned a 16-9 victory in Lewisburg on March 17; Bucknell outscored the Terriers 9-0 in the second half, led by three goals and seven assists from senior, and 2018 All-Patriot League First Teamer, Will Sands.
The Bison are winners of six in a row and eight of nine contests, and will serve as the third seed. BU is the sixth and final seed in the tournament. The Terriers earned a 10-4 win over Lehigh in the quarterfinals last year before falling to Army in the conference semifinals.
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text:
Inclusive development agenda bolsters inclusive business in Africa
Policy and Government
Inclusive Development in Africa: Synthesis Report Series
March 2019 • 60 pages • INCLUDE
This study by INCLUDE captures current views of inclusive development challenges in Africa, and identifies key interventions to reduce poverty and inequality in the region. It explains why addressing inequality matters for development on the long run and provides a definition of inclusive development: "Inclusive development is achieved when improvements are realized in the income and non-income dimensions of development and inequalities in these dimensions fall."
This study by INCLUDE captures current views of inclusive development challenges in Africa, and identifies key interventions to reduce poverty and inequality in the region. Inclusive development (ID) requires a multilateral approach focuses on both the income and non-income dimensions of development, which requires national governments, the private sector, NGOs, and international development partners to work together in crafting and evaluating current policies, programmes, and investments in Africa.
The inclusive business community in Africa is growing but there are several actions businesses can take to contribute further to its growth:
Forge partnerships with strategic actors such as local governments, NGOs, the academe, and others in the private sector. Multisectoral collaboration helps maximize business outcomes and sustainability. NGOs can create spaces for advocacy and help civil society hold governments accountable, the private sector can influence consumer behavior to demand sourcing from sustainable and inclusive value chains, and the academe can provide context-specific and evidence-based solutions. It is important to continually assess which players are strategic (or who can potentially become strategic) partners for specific contexts, and whether people's needs or priorities have shifted. Cross-sectoral partnerships can help inclusive businesses bridge the gap between companies and communities, provided that all stakeholders are able to set out clear common goals and strategies. Corporations can supplement the functions of the state through the provision of different goods and services best done through public-private partnerships, and regular communication with the people being served.
Businesses should strive to move away from reactive strategies, i.e.., mindset of simply "doing no harm" and merely complying with regulations, in favor of adopting proactive development strategies that "do good" and have transformative social impact. More companies are beginning to recognize their social responsibilities, including adopting models used by social enterprises. Regardless of size (microenterprises, cooperatives, multinational corporations), businesses can create a more conducive entrepreneurial landscape for IB in African countries by paying attention to building social capital, which in turn increases business standing and reputation.
Businesses should attempt to actively integrate the base of the pyramid (BOP) throughout the value chain, not just as consumers. Engaging low-income groups through productive participation can contribute to long-term poverty reduction and community-building.
Businesses can help expand the African IB landscape by promoting and supporting local entrepreneurship by contributing financial resources and trainings for local entrepreneurs. This can create spill-over effects when integrated with other interventions, create synergy across the policy-business environment, and create multiplier effect by engaging different sectors.
Assess if policies/practices labelled "inclusive" are successfully creating inclusive outcomes. For both policymakers and businesses, it is important to note that providing opportunities for inclusion does not automatically translate to inclusive outcomes. Target partners at the BOP have different capabilities and limitations--asset ownership, income, education, gender, geographical location, access to networks, internal power imbalances, social stigma, low self-esteem--that dictate the extent to which they can utilize the opportunities made available to them. Some examples of these are. In Uganda, for example, using mobile technology for financial transactions requires a basic level of literacy, and women who have low education did not benefit as much from tech-based interventions. Nurturing grassroots participation and capacity building becomes important.
Despite improvements in ratings for development indicators, improvement in quality of life is still uneven in Africa, where women, ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities and migrants are often left out of development interventions. The impacts of inequality not only limits future economic growth prospects but also have social and political implications, including threats to national and global stability, i.e., shifting patterns of migration and violent extremism. INCLUDE's Research for Inclusive Development in Sub-Saharan Africa (RIDSSA) points out that current one-size-fits-all policies for inclusive growth and resource redistribution are insufficient to tackle different forms of inequality. Another issue is the disparity in the inclusive development concepts used and the way they are interpreted in different contexts. Some studies and development actors use the umbrella term "inclusive development" but limits its discussion to one or two dimensions. Thus, it becomes important to consider geographical, political, institutional, and socioeconomic contexts in crafting ID programmes and interventions. For inclusive businesses and policymakers alike, community consultation and engagement becomes critical to identifying varying needs and wants, foreseeing potential challenges, and putting in place appropriate risk mitigating strategies. Information and communication channels used for ground level interactions should be consistently evaluated and updated as necessary, and interventions sensitive to marginalized groups—determine their willingness to be engaged and how.
While increasing intra-African foreign investment (up 30% from 2007 to 2015) and Chinese foreign direct investment are boosting local economies, INCLUDE notes that the development of local enterprises is a more sustainable pathway to a thriving entrepreneurship ecosystem and to promoting inclusive development. This report also outlines six policy domains for inclusive development that require attention: economic growth and structural transformation (increasing employment in the formal economy, strengthening agricultural and household enterprises, and empowering smaller entrepreneurs); productive employment (promoting fair and stable remuneration, and decent working conditions); social protection (safety nets that prevent people from falling into poverty and improve productivity, health, and psychological wellbeing); provision of basic services (strengthening childcare, sanitation, nutrition, and infrastructure); spatial equity (addressing disparity between rural and urban contexts, where the rural poor are more prone to multidimensional deprivation); and inclusive governance (promoting transparency, improving domestic resource mobilization, and increasing local participation). These interconnected domains form a comprehensive inclusive development framework that is critical to achive lasting and meaningful development outcomes.
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