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Alberto Fittarelli
Alberto Fittarelli is a researcher who specializes in global conflicts, and their reverberations online. Historian by background, techie by experience. Passionate with forecasting "single points of failure" in the modern world. On Twitter at @albefittarelli.
The Strange Tale of the Georgians in Congo
DRC — Democratic Republic of Congo (capital: Kinshasa)
FARDC — DRC Armed Forces (Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo)
FAC — DRC Air Force (Force Aérienne Congolaise)
PMCs — Private Military Contractors, or Private Military Companies
M23 — March 23 Movement, a Tutsi rebellion movement in Eastern DRC
FDLR — Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, a Hutu militia in Eastern DRC
Mai-Mai — Community militias created to defend Hutus' interests and territories in DRC
Scope of the Research
This research aims at investigating an incident in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), which reportedly involved two combat helicopters piloted by foreign staff.
The main objective is to obtain more clarity on the presence of private military companies (or contractors), also known as PMCs, in DRC in particular. The nature of their relationship with the nation-state actors active on the territory – namely, the FARDC (DRC Army) as well as the FAC (DRC Air Force) – will also be examined.
The research points to the possibility that foreign military pilots active in DRC act as trainers and mentors for the local troops.
The gathered information leads to the possibility that such pilots also take active part in FARDC military operations in North Kivu.
It appears likely that, while the presence of PMCs in DRC has a long history, the examined presence of private military staff in Goma and North Kivu in support of the FAC was initiated, or escalated, in early 2014, in correspondence of a resurgence of conflict with one of the militias active in the province.
Mining interests in North Kivu, in conjunction with the ineffectiveness of the FARDC, could represent a lead motive for the involvement of PMCs in the area.
Map of the Democratic Republic of Congo. North Kivu (in its French denomination) is highlighted.
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is in a state of permanent political instability since at least 1996, the year when the First Congo War started (1996–1997) as Congo was invaded by neighbouring countries led by Rwanda. The mineral-rich eastern region of North Kivu was particularly affected by that and the following civil wars, with recurrent spillovers of political and military influence from neighboring countries Rwanda and Uganda. The ongoing ethnic tensions between Tutsis and Hutus frequently escalated to armed conflict over the past two decades, with the most recent phenomenon being the March 23 Movement (M23), an armed group of Tutsi of the DRC Armed Forces (FARDC) that rebelled, and took the provincial capital of Goma in 2012. While the rebellion officially ended in December 2013, it is reported that M23 fighters remain active in the several forested and remote parts of North Kivu.
At the national level, president Joseph Kabila maintains his grip on power beyond the maximum limits of his constitutional terms, which expired in 2016. His decision to delay elections until 2018 with a pretext is contributing to further instability across the country.
Around January 30, 2017, news started circulating on both African and Eastern European media that a Mi-24 combat helicopter belonging to the FAC, the military aviation of the DRC, had crashed on January 27 in Rutshuru, North Kivu, near the borders with Rwanda and Uganda. It was said that the Mi-24 was hit by M23 fighters, which is known as being active in the area. Shortly after, press started reporting that a second helicopter was also downed by gunfire.
The first report on the Mi-24 crash in Rutshuru, published on Facebook by the Georgian military magazine "Arsenal".
The peculiarity of the incident is in the helicopter crews of both Mi-24s. One crew, reportedly, consisted of two Georgian pilots, one of which turned out to have been taken prisoner by the M23 attackers, or transferred to a linked group; while the other crew consisted of two Belarusian men. Both crews were reportedly in DRC on "private contracts", but it remained unclear why they were piloting — or at least on board of — FAC combat helicopters in an active conflict area.
Photos of one of the two crashed helicopters started circulating on the web already on January 30. They show the remnants of what appears to be a Mi-24 combat helicopter displaying part of its registration number:
One of the first photos released of the crashed helicopter, surrounded by unidentified fighters (source).
The Congolese newspaper Politico.cd published a few photos a day later on January 31. Interestingly, the date impressed by the device — likely to be a compact digital camera — on two of the pictures is in Cyrillic script, and reads "27 Jan 2017". Additionally, we find that the complete registration number for the helicopter is: 9T-HM 12.
Images published on Politico.cd showing a date stamp in cyrillic characters, plus the full registration number (9T-HM 12) and the tail section of one helicopter with the FAC roundel visible.
While it's difficult to obtain absolute certainty that the helicopter in all pictures is the same one, because of the lack of points of reference in the forested area, several details seem to confirm it:
A severed log is visible in two pictures right behind the helicopter's cabin in three different shots, two of which from different angles;
The damage inflicted to the vehicle's tail appears to match in all photos where it's visible;
A second severed log is visible in at least two pictures while resting over the right wing of the helicopter;
The cabin door to the rear troop-utility compartment is visible in at least two pictures as open;
The pattern of damage to the helicopter's blade also seems to match in all photos, with a short blade's stump pointing loosely towards the back of the aircraft, and longer ones towards the other sides.
Composite of 3 photos of the crash scene from different angles. Contrast and brightness were adjusted for better clarity.
Composite of two images of the crashed helicopter. The log over the right wing, the broken blade pattern, and the open cabin door are visible.
The registration number of the helicopter is, naturally, a crucial piece of information. A 2011 document purporting to reproduce a list of all aircrafts registered in the DRC explains that, for immatriculation, the DRC military aircrafts use the formula 9T-xxx, "in arbitrary manner".
Within the same document, we find a list of helicopters registered with those parameters, including an HM12:
According to the document, registration number HM12 of the downed aircraft, as well as all other helicopters registered sequentially from HM1 to HM15 (with the exception of 13 and 14), had originally been registered in 1998 by the FAC at a base marked with the ICAO code "FZAA" — which corresponds to the N'Djili International Airport in Kinshasa, the capital of DRC.
It is important to note that the list specifies the model of the helicopters to be Mi-35 — a noticeably different aircraft from the one(s) involved in the incident.
However, a list published in October 2007 by the Dutch aviation magazine Scramble appears to show that on July 19, 2007, two Mi-24V helicopters with registration number 9T-HM11 and, more importantly, 9T-HM12 were registered, again by the FAC (here named "DR Congo Air Force"), as based at an airport with IATA code GOM — a.k.a. Goma International Airport:
Goma is the capital of the North Kivu province, located approximately 75 kilometers south of Rutshuru, where the crash reportedly happened. It hosts an international airport that, despite having been substantially damaged by a volcano eruption in 2002, is still operative to this day. It is important that we are able to track the helicopter in question to this location, as will be discussed later.
The 2007 registration could have been a reuse of registration numbers made available when the previously assigned aircrafts were rendered inoperable, or retired from service.
The "new" HM12 can be seen, while still operational, in an undated and not geolocated picture posted in early 2016 by a user of Nairaland, a Nigerian-based online forum board:
On the same page, another apparent DRC helicopter, a Mi-8 registered as 9T-HM8, can be seen in photo on a previous posting.
9T-HM12, a Mi-24 combat helicopter of Russian (post-Soviet) manufacturing, can be tracked as registered by the FAC since at least 2007;
It appears possible that the helicopter was deployed at the Goma International Airport, before eventually crashing approximately 75 KMs away from that base on January 27, 2017.
The Pilots
After several rumors about "Russian pilots" being involved in the two helicopter crashes, the Georgian Ministry of Defense (MoD) admitted that two Georgian citizens were involved as crew of one of the two aircrafts. First, on February 22, the retired Colonel of the Georgian Army David Makishvili published an appeal on his Facebook page to help "the Colonel and military pilot" Soso Osorauli being released from captivity:
Screenshot from the Feb 22 Facebook post by David Makishvili.
Then, on February 23, RIA Novosti published a report from the Georgian MoD confirming that one of the pilots had been taken captive, and naming him as "Сосо Осиураули" (Soso Osiurauli, though the surname will be later corrected in Georgian articles as "Osorauli"); also stating that a second pilot, still unnamed, was being treated in an hospital in Goma.
Finally, on February 27, the Georgian website Freedom And Democracy Watch reported that the second pilot had been named by the Georgian MoD as Vyacheslav Pluzhnikov. The article even included a picture of two caucasian men that could be both Pluzhnikov and Osorauli, among a group of possible children from the DRC, and two other men whose face had been blurred:
The article also stated the following:
"Pluzhnikov was arrested in 2010 in a case known as the Enver Affair, after an alleged Russian intelligence agent code named 'Enver'. 15 people were arrested in the swoop, mainly air force officers. Those who pleaded guilty were soon released, but those who pleaded not guilty were sentenced to prison terms of various lengths. Pluzhnikov was among those who insisted on his innocence and he was sentenced for 13 years and 6 months. After the change of power in 2012, his case, which had previously caused much controversy, was reviewed. The following year, he was released in a mass amnesty following a prisoner abuse scandal."
Finally, after a few months of silence, Georgian TV broadcasted a video (archived version) allegedly recorded by Osorauli's kidnappers, and showing the pilot alive and in captivity, though shaken and possibly injured. The video is undated, and was rumored to have been produced to support a demand for a one million (US?) dollars ransom for the prisoner. A screenshot can be seen below.
Another undated image started circulating around the same time, which appears to show Osorauli with his possible kidnappers. The pilot seems to be wearing the same olive green uniform, and is covered with a blanket over his head:
None of the images acquired returned EXIF data useful to geolocate their capture, and nothing in the surrounding revealed more about the possible area where the images may have been taken.
Disclaimer: due to several of the identified actors not having been publicly named yet, and the fact that they are most likely still located in an active conflict area, we will obfuscate their identities in the following part of the research. An exception will be made for Osorauli and Pluzhnikov, whose names and pictures have already been widely distributed by the press and through social media.
Soso Osorauli
An initial open source research on Soso Osorauli brings back possible links to the 2008 Russian-Georgian War, which would not be unexpected for a military helicopter pilot on active duty. In addition to comments on him made by, again, retired Col. Makishvili, a 2014 article by a website called For.ge seems to associate a "Soso Osorauli", a "Krokodili or Mi-24 pilot", to the infamous 2007 Georgia helicopter incident that preceded the 2008 war. As the incident was widely attributed to the Russian military, it is possible that the article responded to a specific political agenda; nevertheless, it's the earliest possible reference to Osorauli that we could track in public news.
A research of social media platforms leads to the discovery of a profile of interest on ok.ru, also known as Odnoklassniki, a social networking site particularly popular in the former Soviet countries, including Georgia.
The profile in question is named with a reference to the name "Soso", and displays the profile picture of a man apparently intent at piloting an aircraft. The man's appearance, claiming on his profile to be 41 years old, and located in Goma, DRC, seems to match one of the two individuals shown by the press in relation to the helicopter crash. According to the timestamp associated with the profile, his last login into ok.ru had been on January 27, 2017 — the day the incident happened.
Header of the located profile on ok.ru, with text translated from Georgian through Google Translate. Note the user-generated information on his location (Goma), and the automated timestamp applied by ok.ru to the last login (Jan 27).
Composite of the profile picture for the located ok.ru profile, and a photo of the possible Soso Osorauli distributed by dfwatch.net. Unfortunately, the resolution of the profile picture is too low to distinguish characters on the name tag.
The OK profile contains a trove of images that shed light on its owner. The first photo was posted on the account on May 13, 2015, possibly already from DRC; but even more conclusively, several images link what now clearly seems to be Soso Osorauli to FAC helicopters like the one crashed.
For example, in one photo posted on 28 December 2015, Soso is shown in front of a Mil Mi-8 helicopter with registration 9T-HM 5, therefore confirming registration within DRC:
Osorauli shown in front of a FARDC Mil Mi-8 helicopter registered as 9T-HM5. Note that the picture displays the December 28, 2015 date in Cyrillic script with identical format as some of the ones from the crash scene.
Another photo, also published by Georgian media in relation to the captive pilot, shows him in front of a Mil Mi-17 helicopter bearing the roundlet of the Georgian Air Force. While undated, it seems likely that it was taken before his relocation to DRC:
Mr. Osorauli can be geolocated in Goma in several of the photos posted on the ok.ru profile. For example, in an image posted on July 14, 2015, he's shown in front of a known landmark of central Goma, the so-called "Chiduku monument", celebrating one of the typical means of transportation for supplies in the region:
Another picture, posted on the same day and most likely taken in the same occasion, sees Osorauli standing in front of the Institut De Goma, a local university:
Overall, we can assess with moderate confidence that Soso Osorauli was located in Goma, North Kivu, since at least May 2015.
At the time of this writing, we could not locate other social media accounts associated to him.
Vyacheslav Pluzhnikov
The second pilot named in relation to the crash, apparently only injured and found recovering in a hospital in Goma, was Vyacheslav Pluzhnikov. Researching connections for Osorauli's probable ok.ru account, we quickly located a profile named after a variation of Pluzhnikov's full name.
His profile picture shows an individual strongly resembling the second man shown in the picture of the pilots as distributed by the press:
Composite of the profile picture for the ok.ru account possibly associated with Pluzhnikov (left), and the photo of the second pilot as distributed by the press (right).
Among his numerous posted photos, we can find several ones that depict the individual previously identified as Soso Osorauli:
Picture from Pluzhnikov's ok.ru profile showing him (left) together with Soso Osorauli, and three unidentified individuals.
More importantly, one photo posted on July 24, 2015, depicts him and three more unidentified individuals in front of the Mi-24 helicopter registered as 9T-HM 12 — the one crashed in the North Kivu jungle. This is a key piece of information, placing Pluzhnikov, at the very least, in the same facilities where operations with such helicopters were run from.
Photo from Pluzhnikov's ok.ru profile, showing him and three unidentified men in front of the 9T-HM12 Mi-24 helicopter from DRC
Crossing from ok.ru to Facebook, we are able to locate a profile named after another close permutation of his name. On it, together with the picture shown above, we can find Pluzhnikov posing next to Mr. Osorauli (plus two of the other unidentified men, and a couple of new individuals) in front of what is possibly the same helicopter. The picture was posted on Facebook on July 19, 2015.
Photo from Pluzhnikov's Facebook profile, showing him, Soso Osorauli, and four unidentified men (plus one crouching) in front of a Mi-24 helicopter. Note that Pluzhnikov and two of the other men wear the same clothes as in the previous photo, possibly indicating that it was taken on the same occasion.
Those two pictures appear to be the first ones, in time succession, where Pluzhnikov can be located with good confidence in DRC – although a few ones from the Facebook profile, posted in June, could also have been taken in Goma or even Kinshasa.
Overall, we have placed the two pilots in DRC — most likely Goma — since May (Osorauli) and July 2015; we have linked them to the crashed helicopter; and we have discovered the presence of potential additional pilots from their same team.
In the next section, we will look at some of of those other individuals to acquire additional information on the Georgian PMC presence in Goma.
One individual that recurrently appears in photos apparently taken within DRC with either or both Osorauli and Pluzhnikov is a man claiming to be 60 years of age and from Tbilisi, with a name that appears very likely to be Georgian. We will call him "the Trainer", owing to the reconstruction of his possible role within the PMC team.
The Trainer can be seen on several photos posted on Osorauli's ok.ru profile together with the pilot:
Picture posted on 8 June 2015, and depicting the Trainer next to Soso Osorauli in what is likely to be a DRC location
The Trainer can be traced in Congo much earlier than Osorauli and Pluzhnikov. The earliest photo posted on his social media presences where he claims to be in DRC was posted in January 2014, and shows him in an helicopter's cabin, next to what seems to be an FAC pilot:
Photo posted on the Trainer's ok.ru profile on January 31, 2014, claimed to be taken in DRC, and showing him (left) next to a uniformed man sporting a DRC flag on his shoulder.
The Trainer consistently appears in association with a different Mi-24 helicopter than the one seen crashed – one that's registered as 9T-HM5, and that we had observed earlier in this report. Multiple pictures show him in front of it:
Photo of the Trainer (red circle) next to Soso Osorauli and in front of the 9T-HM5 helicopter
The role of this individual as a trainer is suggested by the content of his pictures on both ok.ru and a Facebook profile with his same name — most of which contain different people in a pilot uniform, often showing a DRC flag. Additionally, one comment left in French by a contact on his Facebook profile in January 2016 clearly mentions an "M7 training flight", congratulating with the Trainer for it:
Finally, and most importantly, the Trainer seems to receive an institutional treatment by the FARDC/FAC. A picture posted on his Facebook profile in March 2016 shows him on board of a minivan, flanked by a uniformed man who appears to be a Sergeant Major of the FAC, judging from his insignia, including the collar pins. The minivan sports both the Georgian and DRC flags, in what could have been a formal welcoming to the Trainer and/or his team.
2016 photo of the Trainer with a FAC official, and the Georgian and DRC flags on his minivan
Other Pilots And Trainers
A small group of other individuals recurrently appears in photos as associated to Osorauli, Pluzhnikov, and/or the Trainer. Their uniforms, poses, and location of the pictures suggest that they may also be either pilots, or in at least one occasion, trainers. For all those whose social media presence was determined, names and posted content link back to Georgia.
A few photos include:
Undated picture showing the Trainer (red) and another probable Georgian trainer (yellow) in his 60s, together with a few DRC pilots or officials
Another photo showing the Trainer, the possible colleague, and a group of probable local pilots or crews in DRC
In total, another three people were determined as consistently or sporadically appearing in photos within DRC with either Osorauli, Pluzhnikov, or the Trainer. Given their apparent younger age, they could be pilots, or junior trainers.
Why Were They There?
On February 1, 2017, the commander for the Third Military Region of the FARDC, General Leon Mushalé, conducted a press conference about the helicopters' crash in which he declared that "the [helicopters'] manufacturer provided the services of 'a trainer'", without specifying his or her nationality.
The manufacturer of the Mil Mi-24 helicopters is the Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant, owned by the parent company Russian Helicopters. While an entire ecosystem of job offers for Mi-24 pilots, both in Russia and abroad, exists on web forums such as Aviaforum.ru and similar ones, we could not locate job postings that could match the deployment of any of the identified individuals.
Attempts to obtain clues of the pilots or trainers affiliation via their uniform or insignia were also unsuccessful. Both Mr. Osorauli and the Trainer, for example, are often seen in photos while wearing a badge with a blue lanyard. Unfortunately, the resolution of those pictures is too low to read the information on the badge.
Composite of a photo of the Trainer and a previously seen one with Osorauli, both wearing a similar white badge with blue lanyard.
It is worth to note, however, that several photos showing members of the UN peacekeeping mission MONUSCO (or, previously, MONUC) while at the Goma International Airport show them wearing a different type of badge. This appears to confirm that there was no affiliation between the Georgian pilots and MONUSCO.
MONUSCO mission member wearing her badge while at Goma International Airport in a photo posted in 2015. The badge is visibly different from that worn by the Georgian pilots.
While we can confidently rule out that the Georgians were in any way linked to the UN mission, two alternative options remain open:
That the Georgians were employed by Russian Helicopters or one of its subsidiaries to provide training to FARDC pilots in Goma;
That they were contracted by one of the many private military companies active in DRC, in which case their role could have extended beyond the delivery of training, and included active combat support.
At this time, and with the available gathered evidence, neither of the options can be confirmed or dismissed.
Political And Military Instability
To find clues for the motive behind the presence of foreign trainers to the FARDC in Goma, it is useful to look at the recent history of the North Kivu region, as well as to the information gathered on the pilots' presence in DRC.
As previously shown, we can track Osorauli and Pluzhnikov, the two pilots allegedly involved in the crash of 9T-HM12, as in DRC since at least mid-2015. No earlier evidence of them being in Goma or other DRC locations prior to that period was found; on the contrary, they had been posting photos and other references to Georgia in the previous months.
However, the Trainer was geolocated to Goma as early as January 2014, an entire 15/18 months before the two pilots did. Other Georgian individuals, probable pilots and/or trainers, were found with the Trainer in his earliers DRC presence, though some of them seem to relocate in later months, judging from social media content that we were able to locate.
Goma had been at the epicenter of the M23 "rebellion" officially until November 2013, when it announced the end of the offensive, and its disarmament. Since then, however, more or less sporadic skirmishes or full-fledge clashes with the militia have continued in the province's forested areas, according to multiple reports.
In parallel to that, and particularly after M23 "disarmed", a Hutu armed group known as the FDLR has ramped up operations in North Kivu, taking control of areas north of Goma – including Rutshuru, where 9T-HM12 reportedly crashed.
In March 2014, therefore shortly after the initial geolocation of the Trainer in Goma, the National Geographic published a detailed map of the eastern Congo violence between since April 2012. The map shows how the FDLR was controlling a strip of land east and west of Rutshuru, in addition to the town and its surroundings:
Map released by the National Geographic, showing the distribution of violence events in eastern DRC between Apr 2012/Mar 2014. The FDLR is shown as the militia controlling the area surrounding Rutshuru.
An examination of the local, national, and global press reports mentioning Rutshuru in relation to military events, between January 2014 (when the Trainer was first placed in Goma) and January 2017 (when 9T-HM12 crashed in the area) paints a picture of continued violence, attributable to different militias, and to the FARDC counteroffensive:
Timeline of press reporting on military/violence events in Rutshuru, North Kivu. The Y axis represents the amount of press reports tracked for each event.
Attacks to the local population, ambushes aimed at FARDC soldiers, and related FARDC counteroffensives populated the three-year timeline consistently. Reporting increased since mid 2016 and through early 2017. However, this does not mean that violence had also increased, but that press attention had focused on the region more over time.
FARDC Ineffectiveness
Such a timeline also tells a story of inability by the FARDC, even over the space of only three years, to contain and mitigate multiple rebel militias, and their continued attacks to the area north of Goma.
The issue goes far back in time. In 2009, for example, Human Rights Watch detailed cases of mass murder and sexual abuse committed by the FARDC in North Kivu in a scathing investigative report.
The FARDC troops, beside often completely lacking training and military expertise of any kind, have little incentive to protect the population, which they regularly loot, since they barely get paid. And it appears significant, although not unique, that in some occasions, military attacks in Rutshuru found the Republican Guard, Joseph Kabila's pretorians and an elite force, to be a target. Their deployment is usually associated with strategic locations having high significance for the central government in Kinshasa.
In 2013, MONUSCO, the United Nations mission in DRC, added an offensive component to its mandate with resolution 2098. As stated on the UN website:
"On 28 March 2013, faced with recurrent waves of conflict in eastern DRC threatening the overall stability and development of the country and wider Great Lakes region, the Security Council decided, by its resolution 2098, to create a specialized "intervention brigade" for an initial period of one year and within the authorized MONUSCO troop ceiling of 19,815. It would consist of three infantry battalions, one artillery and one special force and reconnaissance company and operate under direct command of the MONUSCO Force Commander, with the responsibility of neutralizing armed groups and the objective of contributing to reducing the threat posed by armed groups to state authority and civilian security in eastern DRC and to make space for stabilization activities."
While not openly stated, this can be considered as a clear recognition of the inability by the FARDC to independently secure and stabilize the region.
MONUSCO went on to engage with M23 fighters in several occasions — typically, though its combat helicopters, as they were already doing since at least 2012.
Natural Resources and Mining
The strategic significance of the Rutshuru and, more broadly, the North Kivu areas is evident when looking at the distribution of natural resources and mining in the region. The International Peace Information Service (IPIS) has conducted extensive research on mining in the DRC, and made available on their website an interactive map of mining locations.
Rutshuru, and the surrounding region within North Kivu, is home to some 15 gold mining sites, which can easily explain the focus of multiple rebel groups — and of the FARDC — on securing control of the area.
North Kivu – Map of gold mines around Rutshuru (source)
In October 2013, the village of Rutshuru and a related gold mine were recorded by the IPIS as under permanent control by the FDLR, which both exercised taxation on the extraction of the mineral and was directly involved into its trafficking to the end markets:
However, the real significance of Rutshuru on the mining landscape was detailed even further by an article originally published on Zmag. The article singles out Rutshuru's mine — called Lueshe -— and the reason for its importance:
"As valuable as the mine in Bisie is, the Lueshe mine located in Rutshuru Territory (North Kivu Province) may be even more valuable. The mine contains an extremely valuable deposit of pyrochlore. The chemical composition of this ore is so unique; numerous chemistry reference manuals give it its own name: "Lueshite." The only other place pyrochlore can be extracted from is Araxá, Brazil. The village is located on a mining concession owned by the Société Minière du Kivu (SOMIKIVU).
Pyrochlore is a radioactive compound comprised of a niobium compound bound to a form of tantalum called a microlite. The niobium (also known as columbium) is currently more desirable than its sister component. It is primarily used to create heat-resistant steel and glass alloys used in various construction materials. The steel alloys are widely used to construct oil pipelines and the glass alloys are used in the corrective lenses of eyeglasses. Niobium is also used in nuclear reactors, air frames, jewelry, chemical processing equipment, magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) machines and superconducting magnets. When niobium is combined with iron, the super-alloy ferroniobium is formed, which is used in jet engines, rocket assembly, furnace parts, automobile and truck bodies, railroad tracks, ship hulls, and turbines depending on the percentage of niobium composition."
The Lueshe mine is tracked on Google Maps at this location. The link comes with several user-uploaded pictures of the facilities dating back to 2005. Two-year old satellite imagery show such facilities in detail, giving a clear impression of a very much active mining site:
Lueshe mine in 2015. Source: DigitalGlobe via Google Earth, enhanced in Photoshop.
It was not possible to locate a "smoking gun", the definitive proof of the reason why former military pilots from Georgia would be onboard of FARDC combat helicopters in North Kivu, together with FARDC members, during a mission over an active conflict area. However, observing the timeline of the located open source content, as well as the general security, political, and extractive environment in the area over the past few years, it appears reasonable to confirm that Georgian experts were hired to train FARDC pilots in counterinsurgency operations.
It is equally not possible to conclusively state that such pilots were involved in combat operations when the incident happened, or at any other point in time while in DRC. However, it does appear highly suspicious that at least one Georgian pilot with extensive combat expertise, Soso Osorauli, was piloting (or aboard) one of such helicopters.
No evidence of affiliation with the MONUSCO operations under UNSC resolution 2098 was located, despite the pilots clearly operating from the same facilities – most notably, Goma International Airport.
North Kivu remains an area of endemic instability due to multiple factors, each of which is linked to the richness of the extractive industry in the area. It's not surprising that capabilities of a very lacking national armed force would be sought to increase through the use of international security and military experts available on the private contractors market. An entry on the DRC Air Force on Wikipedia, even states, without linking to any sources, that "foreign private military companies have reportedly been contracted to provide the DRC's aerial reconnaissance capability using small propeller aircraft fitted with sophisticated equipment.".
That such a partnership — or direct hiring — involves private military contractors utilizing government assets such as FARDC combat (therefore, with offensive capabilities) helicopters remains peculiar, and previously unreported in the area.


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Q: How to get a text from a ListView item? listview.item[x].Text returns "ListViewItem: {item's text}" but i want only text
for example, item 0= a.txt
listView1.Items[0].Text  =>  "ListViewItem: {a.txt}"
why not "a.txt"?
where is the problem?

A: Many .NET classes, like ListViewItem, override the System.Object.ToString() method.  Which looks like this:
public override string ToString()
{
    return "ListViewItem: {" + this.Text + "}";
}

So clearly you are using listView1.Items[0] and not listView1.Items[0].Text in your code or debug watch expression.  It isn't clear which applies from the question.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
INVESTIGATION…PARKVIEW ESTATE: Exclusive images of how billionaire property developer incurred Lagos govt's anger
April 24, 2021 by RCDIJ Nigeria	in Investigations
Many have seen the demolished building, but not many know the circumstances that led to the teardown of the about N3 billion property owned by Lagos-based real estate mogul, Olu Okeowo, the founder and chairman of Gibraltar Construction.
The godfather of real estate in Lagos has been in building and civil engineering construction since 1994, making the island and Ikoyi his fortress with the development of luxury homes like Palacio De Okeowo, Solomon Court, Adejoke's Court, Abraham Court, Grace Court, amongst many others in Ikoyi.
The billionaire had silently been lording over the real estate market until one of his property under construction, Tumi's Court, caught the attention of Ripples Nigeria on April 7, 2021 during an investigation into the looming environmental danger posed by indiscriminate reclamation of Lagos shoreline by some real estate investors.
How Okeowo incurred Lagos government wrath
Located on Olusegun Aina Street, Parkview Estate in Ikoyi, Tumi's Court is bordered by Gerrard Road and the Banana Island. It is situated just beside Okeowo's Palacio De Okeowo property.
During a cursory probe of Parkview Estate, Ripples Nigeria had undertaken aerial shots of the properties in the area and the shoreline. It was noticed that Okeowo borrowed a page from the mega city masterplan of the state government.
One of his properties stood out, as he had engaged in land reclamation, which is an act of creating a land out of an ocean or stealing portion of a sea to situate property. That is what Okeowo did with Tumi's Court. He dredged and sand filled a part of the sea to extend what was meant to be a luxury building.
Findings by Ripples Nigeria showed that the billionaire's N120 million (3 bedroom)/N140 million (4 bed room) a flat multi-family building was the only property extended into the sea along the coastline in Parkview Estate.
The reclaimed part is occupied by a two storey building, with gardens, swimming pool and a tennis court, while using the waterside as a unique selling point to interested prospective buyers.
How Ripples Nigeria investigation led to demolition
https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Parkview-estate6.mp4
In the course of the investigation, Ripples Nigeria had reached out to the Lagos State Real Estate Regulatory Authority on April 9, 2021, to present its findings and confirm the role of the government in the construction of Tumi's Court.
While enquiring if the state government gave license for such extention or approved the building plan, it was gathered that the construction was illegal.
According to the hotline call representative for the real estate regulator, Fanope Queen, the extension works may have been illegal and not approved by the government. At that time, LASRER was unaware of the structure taking up space in the sea.
Read also: INVESTIGATION… N.3bn down the drain, as Enugu communities suffer from dry taps
Ripples Nigeria shared evidence of the building extension with LASRER upon request when another call was put to the regulator on April 16, 2021. On all occasions, Queen had stated that the head of the regulator was not available for comment.
When LASRER was contacted again for official comment on April 19, 2021, Queen gave the same unavailability response, but in a previous chat with her, she had said an investigation would be conducted if a petition was written.
But upon hearing that the purpose of the enquiry was for a media investigation, Queen promised on April 17, 2021, to get back to this media outlet, but she never did.
Four days after the last conversation, the Lagos State government used a bulldozer to demolish the structure which was expected to be completed in the second half of this year, according to findings during the building inspection.
Okeowo borrowed a page from government playbook
The real estate mogul didn't come up with the land reclamation idea on his own, he got the concept from the Lagos State government which has been involved in land fill activities for over three decades.
As Lagos State continued to experience housing deficits amid urban population explosion, the need to carve more lands to house its urbanisation growth became a masterplan regardless of the risk it posed to residents in the environment.
Both the government and its deep pocket real estate investors looked to the ocean for new settlement ground. The ambitious plan of the state government for a mega city outside the mainland led to the extension of land into the sea.
The development of the sea is witnessed in Ikoyi, Victoria Island and Lekki Peninsula environs. Now, the focus is on Eko Atlantic city, because land reclamation is a profitable business even though it has its dangers.
Dangers that follow the reclamation of land
Land reclamation on the Island is the reason properties in Ikoyi, Lekki Peninsula, Victoria Island and Eko Atlantic City are prone to flood once its raining season, with property worth millions of naira over run by water.
The total cost of the reclamation over the years remain unavailable to the public, with only that of Eko Atlantic – which is 40 percent larger than Victoria Island – estimated at $6 billion according to ekoatlantic.com.
While structures could be seen erected across these highbrow areas, what is hidden to the public is the danger the quest poses to residents. Contractor of the Atlantic city, South Energyx, are betting on their wall and nine metres above sea level to withstand any fight back from nature.
The environment cost of land reclamation was perfectly summarised in a United Nations paper; Land/Sea Physical Interaction of 2016, "Land reclamation may destroy habitat and ecosystem services that protect the coast from sea-level-related hazards such as storm surge and tsunamis."
While the Lagos State government may have clamped down on Okeowo, in response to Ripples Nigeria enquiries, the authorities are still encouraging land reclamation in other areas like Eko Atlantic, where the state has a vested interest.
It is, however, temporary relief for some residents of the highbrow estate who have lived with trepidation since the haphazard encroachment into the sea began at the Parkview end of the shoreline.
A resident who spoke under condition of anonymity said:
"We feel a sense of relief with the demolition of Tumi's Court because there were many things wrong with the development.
"It was obvious some shady deals may have taken place because a genuine conduct of any Environmental Impact Assessment exercise would have revealed that the reclamation and subsequent property development portend a great danger to the environment."
He added, "We commend Governor Sanwo-Olu and his administration for taking the bold step to stop an illegality and prove that no one is above the law.
"We urge him to finish up the demolition task as the partially destroyed property poses even greater danger to the ecosystem."
Lagos govtPARKVIEW ESTATE
INVESTIGATION… Delay rocks Nigerian govt's promise of N30,000 covid-19 relief for artisans, others August 16, 2021
Before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in February, 2020, Chukwudi Okoroigwe's daily earnings ...
Investigation… Aregbesola and the scam called Opon-Imo (2) October 21, 2016
In this second part of the serial, Ripples Nigeria presents the concluding part of the findings from...
Investigation… How secret recruitment set FIRS against Senate November 13, 2016
More revelations have emerged as to why the Senate refused to approve the 2016 budget of Federal Inl...

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1. Sise, 6, Captain Hicks, Half A Dozen, Hexad, Sestet, Sextet, Sextuplet, Six, Sixer, Vi : چھ : (noun) the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one.
Digit, Figure - one of the elements that collectively form a system of numeration.
Cardinal : کیتہولک عیسائیوں کا اعلی پادری : (Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes.
5, Cinque, Fin, Five, Fivesome, Little Phoebe, Pentad, Phoebe, Quint, Quintet, Quintuplet, V : پنجڑی : the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one. "I have been working for 5 years"
Aggregate, Sum, Total, Totality : کل میزان : the whole amount.
Siss : ناگواری کی آواز نکالنا : make a sharp hissing sound, as if to show disapproval.
Siren : سائرن : a warning signal that is a loud wailing sound.
How this page explains Sise ?
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Home > Great Minds
Anastatia Sims, Ph.D., Dept. of History
"Wanton Wenches and Nasty Women: Vindicating Women's Rights from 1792 to 2016"
In the late 1700s as cries for liberty, equality, and recognition of the inalienable rights of man swept across America and Europe, Mary Wollstonecraft raised her voice in defense of what seemed to many the most revolutionary idea of all. When "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" was published in 1792, the belief that women were inferior to men was so firmly entrenched in law, religion and custom that few people dared to imagine a society in which gender equality was the norm. Wollstonecraft ignited a debate over "woman's place" that still echoes today. For more than two centuries, women who demanded change have met intense resistance and have often been ridiculed, ostracized, and vilified.
Remnant Trust Works: "A Vindication of the Rights of the Woman" by Mary Wollstonecraft, "Address to the Legislature of New-York, Adopted by the State Woman's Rights Convention" by Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Robert Batchelor, Ph.D., Dept. of History
"Plantation Dreams: Locke, Confucius and the Making of the Low Country"
The Glorious Revolution in Britain (1688-9) was an important antecedent for the American Revolution. Most commonly, this is associated with the thought of John Locke, who wrote the famous "Two Treaties on Government" (1689) and had a hand in writing the first constitution of the Carolinas (1669). More surprisingly, French ideas about the virtues of agrarian society in China–"The Morals of Confucius" (1694)–also played a role in shaping early ideas about the plantation society of the South, the nature of political authority, and its connection to moral virtue.
Remnant Trust Works: "Two Treaties on Government" by John Locke, "The Morals of Confucius" by Confucius
Dan Pioske, Ph.D., Dept. of Literature and Philosophy
"Why is the Bible a Text: Memory, Orality, and the Birth of Prose Literature"
One of the great mysteries of the Hebrew Bible is how its stories about the past came to be. This question is made more difficult at the outset by the fact that the ancient biblical writers who composed these texts took no credit for them, thus leaving these writings with no discernible author in view. But the biblical narratives are also puzzling because they were formed in an ancient society in which few could afford written documents and even fewer could read them. The intent of this lecture, accordingly, is to ask the question—why is the Bible a text?—and to respond to it by examining the possible early audiences of these writings, what factors led to their composition, and how prose writing emerged from an earlier, oral storytelling tradition in ancient Israel.
Remnant Trust Works: "the Torah Scroll" and "Cunieform Tablet"
Tim Whelan, Ph.D., Dept. of Literature and Philosophy
"Jonathan Edwards, Andrew Fuller, and the Recasting of Calvinism in Fuller's The Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation (1785)"
Andrew Fuller (1754-1815), Baptist minister at Kettering and founding Secretary of the Baptist Missionary Society, shaped the future of Baptists worldwide through his treatise, The Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation (1785). Fuller rejected the High Calvinist position that an "open" call to repentance undermined God's prerogative of election and predestination as set forth in John Calvin's Institutes (1527). Fuller argued that the scriptural doctrine of divine sovereignty did not preclude an "obligation," or "duty," on the part of the "unregenerate" to exercise faith. Fuller, like the American divine Jonathan Edwards, attempted to mediate between two uncompromising opposites: High Calvinism's fatalistic, passive faith and a more active, Arminian faith grounded in free will. This mediation would become known as "Fullerism," "duty faith," and eventually "evangelical Calvinism," a position that propelled Baptists in England (1792) and America (1814) to form global Missionary Societies that remain as testaments to Fuller's treatise and the influence of Jonathan Edwards.
Remnant Trust Works: "The Institutes of the Christian Religion" by John Calvin, "The Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation" by Andrew Fuller, and "A Careful and Strict Enquiry into the Modern Prevailing Notions of that Freedom of Will" and "A Treatise concerning Religious Affections" by Jonathan Edwards
All Great Minds Lectures start at 5:30 p.m. in Russell Union Room 2047
Subject schedule to change and addition
Click here for more information on the Remnant Trust
Archives of previous Great Minds Lectures can be found here


Recently, the technology industry in Ghana has been witnessing a battle for the two blocks of spectrum 800MHz, which became available as a result of the migration of television from analogue to digital channels as required of every member-country of International Telecommunications Union (ITU), by way of international convention.
This is to harmonise the transmission and reception of high quality digital content so the freed frequency can be re-farmed for deploying broadband services.
With the upsurge in growth of the industry in recent years by way of the increasing demand for data services and voice services at 120 per cent saturation, there is the urgent need to prepare for the next dimension of data revolution.
This requires advanced, available and affordable data connection so consumers of telecom services can share contents, communicate, do business and build relationships online. It requires the deployment of a higher generation of broadband connection.
Local content and the 4G license In answer to this obvious transition from saturated voice services to growing data demands, the National Communications Authority (NCA) of Ghana thought it wise to auction the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) licences three years ago to meet the demands for faster data connection on new generation mobile devices, laptops or desktops for consumers to enjoy the great experience of faster speed.
However, the NCA reserved the 4G LTE license for only wholly-owned Ghanaian companies using the local content policy; which prevented the existing telecom companies from acquiring the same license.
The license was offered at cheaper price of US$6 million than the previous generation of broadband services: 2G and 3G offered at about US$25 million and about US$30 million respectively. The local companies who were given Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) license to deploy 4G LTE are Surfline Communications, Goldkey, and Blu Telecoms.
The existing telecoms with 2G and 3G license were able to deploy the technology across 170 districts within five years as required by the National Communication Authority. MTN Ghana, for example, was able to deploy to all the districts before the January 2014 deadline.
Unfortunately, the 4G licensee's, which were given the privilege of exclusivity through the local content policy, were not able to deploy the technology to 77 districts of Ghana, after three years of being awarded the BWA license.
It is obvious that it is the consumer in Ghana who is being denied the opportunity to access faster, reliable and affordable connection.
Spectrum is a channel for content broadcasting It is important to note that every telecom company needs a spectrum to deploy their data and voice services. Having a telecom license is not enough. Just like radio station, you need the license to give you the legal right to operate in Ghana but you need a frequency or channel to broadcast your contents to your target audience.
Vodafone, Tigo, Expresso, Glo and MTN Ghana have spectrums through which they broadcast their data and voice services to consumers in Ghana. NCA have assigned various spectrums for different services: mobile phones are allocated spectrums in 800, 900, 1800, 2100 and 2690MHz bands. Frequency band of 800 and 1800MHz are used for 2G services, 2100 for 3G and 2500 – 2690 for MHz for BWAs.
For that matter, the ICT Chamber cannot demand that foreign companies must not own a spectrum in Ghana if they already have spectrums through which they broadcast their services, by law and policy.
The battle The NCA will action the spectrum from December 3-9, 2015 and the four applicants are Surfline Communications, MTN Ghana, Goldkey Telecoms and Migson Communications. There is battle for this spectrum because it is cheaper deploying broadband services on it than the 2600MHz one.
As a result, the ICT Chamber is demanding of the NCA to activate their local content policy for 800MHz spectrum so that only wholly Ghanaian-owned applicants will be given the spectrum. They strongly believe that Ghanaian owned companies should be given the frequency since the multinationals will not use it for the benefit of the ordinary Ghanaian in case of emergencies or 'social requests', according to the CEO at recently-held press conference.
Unfortunately, this demand has no merit since their members have not proven to be able to meet the deadlines set for them to deploy even the 4G services.
Additionally, the existing telecom companies have shown by verifiable evidences of the fulfilment of their tax obligations, very high percentage of Ghanaian employees, huge investments in various sectors of the economy, volume of corporate social responsibility investments, and the indirect impact of their years of capital investment, that they have contributed to national and industry development.
Why the consumer must be the winner As an industry observer and value-added service provider in the app development and digital marketing space, the consumer must be the ultimate winner in this battle for the two blocks of the spectrum 800MHz.
The NCA must put the benefits majority of the consumers will enjoy to select the winner during the auction of the spectrum. When the consumer wins, application and software developers will be able to develop locally-relevant apps and scale to more consumers nationwide with faster and available internet connection.
This means the government will earn more in tax revenues, businesses will go the digital way, content developers will have larger market segment, and consumers can connect better and faster, more affordably.


A month after GDPR took effect, the state passed the country's strongest data protection rules this week in an effort to stop an even stricter ballot measure from being put in front of voters. Trade groups were nonetheless critical of the move, saying a federal law is preferable.
The wave of regulatory interest in data privacy that brought us Europe's General Data Protection Regulation is coming to the U.S. in a big way, thanks to a newly passed law in California.
This week, California Gov. Jerry Brown signed the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, a law that would require disclosure of data collection practices and implement fines for those who fail to do so.
The law's swift passage—it passed unanimously in both of the state's legislative chambers on the same day it was signed—was fast-tracked in an attempt to get ahead of an even stricter ballot proposal that would have been costlier for businesses.
The passage of the law also prevented what promised to be a costly advocacy battle. Supporters of the ballot measure agreed to withdraw the measure if a law was passed by the deadline date, which was Thursday. Preparing for a fight, companies such as Facebook, AT&T, and Verizon had each invested $200,000 in a committee that would have advocated against the ballot measure.
The resulting law, which takes effect in 2020, only requires disclosure of the category of data used and allows consumers to sue at costs of $750 per violation, with the state being able to sue for up to $7,500 per violation.
According to Reuters, the California Chamber of Commerce, CTIA, and the Association of National Advertisers were among those that opposed the legislation, with CTIA calling for Congress to pass a federal law that supersedes the just-passed California law.
On the other hand, consumer groups spoke up in support of the final result. Consumer Watchdog, a progressive advocacy organization, called the law "a landmark reform" and argued that the rest of the country should follow suit. But even if they don't, the group argued, it will have a significant ripple effect due to its location.
"Silicon Valley companies will very likely implement many of these reforms across their entire customer base, not just for Californians," the advocacy group stated.


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Q: How to get correct stacktrace in in case of async await in node I want to backtrace all the function calls made in async await function call. As most of the third party libraries uses promise based programming in node.js. Therefore backtracking of the actual function or user function which is responsible to do such call is so hard.
Please suggest me any solution. Thanks in advance :)


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Choose a picture from our Trending collection for your Wall Art or Photo Gift. Popular choices include Framed Prints, Canvas Prints, Posters and Jigsaw Puzzles. All professionally made for quick delivery.
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Tokaido Shinkansen bullet train passing by Mount Fuji, Yoshiwara, Shizuoka prefecture
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Loch Doine and Loch Voil on a misty autumn morning, Balquhidder Valley, Loch Lomond
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© Gavin Hellier
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Snow dusted Langdale Pikes viewed from the shores of Loughrigg Tarn, Lake District
Autumn colours at Tarn Hows nearr Hawkshead, Lake District, Cumbria, England
Torii of the Hakone Shrine at Lake Ashi, Hakone, Kanagawa Prefecture, Honshu, Japan
Cuba, Trinidad, Havana Club painted on wall of bar in historical center
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Ireland, Co.Mayo, Pontoon
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The Forth Rail Bridge, Firth of Forth, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Portugal, Madeira, Funchal, Cityscape of Funchal viewed from the sea
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Yulong River at dusk, Yangshuo, Guangxi, China
Traversing the Aonach Eagach Ridge above Glencoe, Scottish Highlands
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Isola dei Pescatori (Fishermen's Islands) illuminated at dusk, Borromean Islands
Langdale Pikes reflected in a mirror like Blea Tarn in the early morning, Lake District
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Southwold Pier at dawn, Suffolk, UK
Langdale Pikes reflected in a mirror like Blea Tarn in the early morning, Lake District National Park, Cumbria, England. Autumn (November) 2009
© Adam Burton/ AWL Images Ltd
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The first of a series of regional meetings took place at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, on Saturday, November 15, 2014.
Click here for a meeting summary.
Click here for participant list.
for the future or for the past?


Set within the scenic parkland of Mpoukaris, the Akrogiali Rooms offers family-run accommodation and a full range of facilities, including luggage storage, a private beach and a car rental desk. Just a short walk from the coast, this property is ideally located for those in search of a beach-side retreat.
Facilities at the Acrogiali Rooms include a library and a photocopier.
The Akrogiali Rooms has 8 large apartments offering all the essentials.
Corfu International Airport is less than a 40-minute drive from the Acrogiali Rooms. Guests can visit Kavos, situated a short drive away from the property.


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OSU football: Iowa State's Brock Purdy will bring no surprises to Stillwater this time
Published: Thu, October 22, 2020 5:45 PM Updated: Fri, October 23, 2020 1:21 AM
STILLWATER — Iowa State freshman quarterback Brock Purdy trotted onto the turf of Boone Pickens Stadium in October of 2018 to little fanfare.
That's what happens when virtually no one knows who you are.
In Oklahoma State's eyes, Purdy was a true freshman third-string quarterback, taking over for the benched second-teamer who had only become the starter because of injury.
Three hours later, Purdy had led Iowa State to a 48-42 upset of OSU.
"We didn't know anything about him," OSU coach Mike Gundy said. "We had him on our radar from a recruiting standpoint, in that we liked him. But we had Spencer (Sanders). We felt like he was gonna be a good player.
"When he came in, that was the first time anybody had seen him. But he's off and running and has had a really good career at Iowa State."
That day, not even Iowa State coach Matt Campbell was totally sure of what he had in Purdy, who he sent onto the field for the Cyclones' second possession of the game.
"Our football team was a little bit in search of an identity that year," Campbell said. "One of the things Brock had done in practice through fall camp and the early part of the season had really been impressive. I think it earned him the right to get in the football game. Knowing what might transpire, I think we were pretty confident that Brock could go in and function.
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Video: OSU Football: Preparing for Iowa State
"But he played really well, and I think that gave him confidence for the rest of the season."
Purdy brings with him no element of surprise this time when he visits BPS, leading his No. 17 Cyclones against No. 6 Oklahoma State at 2:30 p.m. Saturday.
Though the Iowa State offense was dormant in a 31-14 loss to Louisiana to start the season, it has been alive and well in the three games since — victories over TCU, Oklahoma and Texas Tech.
For the season, Purdy has thrown for 912 yards with four touchdowns and one interception, completing 62.4 percent of his passes.
"He makes plays," OSU linebacker Malcolm Rodriguez said. "That's what you need from a quarterback. He moves around the pocket pretty good and scrambles and makes plays."
Purdy has rushed for another 81 yards and a touchdown, providing the perfect complement to the rushing attack of Breece Hall, who leads the Big 12 in rushing yards (531), touchdowns (8) and yards per game (132.8).
But Purdy makes the rushing attack possible. Gundy referred to him this week as a "future NFL quarterback" and the rest of the Cowboys are well aware of the damage he can do.
"He's a really good player," defensive tackle Cameron Murray said. "You just gotta keep him rattled and contained. You gotta put a lot of pressure on him, make him uncomfortable. Make sure the pressure's on him all the time."
Of course, the Cowboys had the key to solving their Purdy issues last season in Ames, when OSU intercepted him three times in the fourth quarter. Rodriguez returned his pick for the game-winning touchdown.
It was a performance that sparked the OSU defense into a strong finish last season, and a stronger start to this year.
"We're gonna have to play good," Gundy said. "Iowa State has been very sound offensively. They don't get out of their box much with what they believe in.
"Defensively, we have to rally at times. We have to be really good in the score zone. They're gonna get down in there some. They're good. They understand how to move the ball. Hopefully, we can hold them to field goals instead of touchdowns, which could be a big factor in the game."
Iowa State's Brock Purdy (15) looks to throw a pass as he is defended by Oklahoma State's Malcolm Rodriguez (20) in October of 2018 at Boone Pickens Stadium in Stillwater. [SARAH PHIPPS/THE OKLAHOMAN]
CommentsOSU football: Iowa State's Brock Purdy will bring no surprises to Stillwater this time


text:
White paper explores security and privacy protections of HITECH Act
Chiropractic Economics May 21, 2010
ARLINGTON, VA — 05/20/10 — Vangent, Inc. has published a white paper to help healthcare providers and organizations understand security and privacy protections for personal health information as it pertains to the Federal Government's HITECH Act and meaningful use measures. "Privacy and Security Considerations for EHR Incentives and Meaningful Use" focuses on the privacy and security aspects of the measures, Electronic Health Record (EHR) certification criteria, and standards included in meaningful use. Health care providers and professionals will gain insight into future expectations and compliance as they prepare to seek government funding through the EHR incentive program, which requires 'meaningful use' of EHRs.
Meaningful use measures cover a wide range of functional and technical capabilities, but there is only one measure related to security and privacy. As stated in the proposed rule and required under the HIPAA Security Rule, organizations implementing EHR technology must "conduct or review a security risk analysis and implement security updates as necessary" to demonstrate eligibility for the incentive program. Many healthcare organizations are not prepared to comply despite the fact that this measure is already an obligation under HIPAA.
There are no specific privacy measures in the proposed rules on meaningful use, nor are there privacy certification criteria or standards required for EHR technology. The absence of explicit privacy requirements has created uncertainty, particularly the lack of criteria to ensure that individual patients can control the use or disclosure of information in their electronic health records. "Privacy and Security Considerations for EHR Incentives and Meaningful Use" dives into the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), helping to ensure adequate privacy and security protections for personal health information, and guiding organizations toward conducting adequate privacy and risk analyses to achieve compliance and prepare for future stages of meaningful use requirements.
"Consent and control of health information are integral components necessary to encourage patient participation and support of electronic health records. Vangent's white paper helps healthcare organizations prepare now by taking the necessary steps to ensure they are mitigating privacy and security risks, garnering patient acceptance of EHRs, and maintaining their eligibility to receive the incentives associated with meaningful use," said Kerry Weems, Senior Vice President for Health Strategy at Vangent.
Visit http://www.vangent.com/PrivacySecurity.php to download a copy of "Privacy and Security Considerations for EHR Incentives and Meaningful Use."
Source: Vangent
Coalition for Patient's Privacy comments on EHRs
What is ONC-ATCB certification?
HIMSS comments on accountable care organization NPRM
Survey finds healthcare industry buried in paperwork
Using tablets to collect patient information
Audit trails, audit controls, and security within the chiropractic practice
Filed Under: News, Practice Management Software


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