The Pantech PG-C120 currently has an Informr score of 8.3 out of 10. This score is based on our evaluation of 7 sources including reviews from users and the web's most trusted critics.
Pantech released the PG-C120 on March 27, 2006.
Where can I download the PG-C120 manual?
We've got you covered! Download a free PDF copy of the Pantech PG-C120 user manual here.
Pantech backs up the PG-C120 with a 1 Year parts & labour warranty.
I have PG-C120 problems. Where can should I go for support, replacement or repairs?
If your PG-C120 has problems and is still within its warranty period, you could contact Pantech support or the retailer you purchased the phone from. You'll find Pantech's contact information here. If your phone is off warranty and needs repair for a physical problem such as a broken screen or bad battery, you should visit an authorized service centre or a local phone repair shop. You can also connect with others in The Informr Community Forum to find and share answers to questions.
The Pantech PG-C120's screen size is Unknown with 128 x 128 pixels resolution.
I got this phone from AT&T on the Go phone plan it has almost no volume when turned up to max setting stay away...I replaced it with a Samsung A-117 it's a better phone no camera but at least you can hear it and use it.
i needed a phone right away and i found this pantech. the seller answered all questions correctly, mailed the phone on time. in conclusion, pretty good buy. thanks a lot.
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Stefano DellaVigna
Stefano DellaVigna is a Professor at UC Berkeley and is a co-editor at the American Economic Review. He has been involved in projects with collaborator Devin Pope directly studying expert forecasts from the lens of behavioral economics.
Eva Vivalt
Eva Vivalt is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Toronto. She is involved in on-going research collaborations with the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank involving the collection of predictions from government officials, development practitioners, and researchers.
Anna Dreber Almenberg
Johan Björkman Professor of Economics at the Stockholm School of Economics
Donald Green
J.W. Burgess Professor of Political Science at Columbia University
Larry Katz
Elisabeth Allison Professor of Economics at Harvard University
Betsy Levy Paluck
Professor of Psychology and Public Affairs at Princeton University
David McKenzie
Lead Economist of the Development Research Group at the World Bank
Edward Miguel
Oxfam Professor of Environmental and Resource Economics at University of California, Berkeley
Brian Nosek
Executive Director of the Center for Open Science and Professor of Psychology at the University of Virginia
Devin Pope
Professor of Behavioral Science and Robert King Steel Faculty Fellow at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business
Philip Tetlock
Annenberg University Professor, School of Arts and Sciences (Psychology) and Wharton School (Management) at the University of Pennsylvania
Nicholas Otis
Graduate Student Researcher
Grace Han
BITSS Program Manager
Amos Hebb
Leo Dai
Sadia Hussain
Rohan Jha
Berkeley Initiative for Transparency in the Social Sciences
Center for Effective Global Action

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Tag: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
DOE Assistant Secretary Anne White Resigns
Posted on August 16, 2019 by MidwestCompact
Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary Mark Gilbertson Reassigned
In June 2019, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced that Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management (EM) Anne White had submitted her resignation. White's resignation, which was detailed in a department announcement signed off with the names of Secretary of Energy Rick Perry and the Deputy Secretary of Energy Dan Brouillette, became effective on June 14, 2019.
DOE's Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management The DOE memo does not provide a reason for White's resignation. "Anne's service to the Department of Energy and to this nation are greatly appreciated," the personnel announcement reportedly reads. "Please join us in wishing her the best in her future endeavors."
However, reports indicate that White was asked to resign by her immediate supervisor, Undersecretary of Energy for Science Paul Dabbar. In addition to friction with Dabbar, her departure was linked to concerns about her handling of the spread of radioactive contamination from the Portsmouth Site in Ohio to the surrounding area. Last month, a middle school near the site closed early for summer due to reported radiological contaminants in air samples. DOE says that its own air monitoring has shown only trace amounts of contaminants including neptunium-237 and americium-241 that are far below being a risk to human health. Nonetheless, the Department has agreed to pay for extra air sampling this summer by an outside consultant.
DOE's Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management Mark Gilbertson, who is currently DOE's Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, has also been reassigned. According to the DOE memo, Gilbertson will become the Director of the Department's National Laboratory Operations Board. The Board works to strengthen DOE's national labs and their shared relationships.
Todd Shrader, the Manager of Environmental Management's Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Carlsbad Field Office, will replace Gilbertson as the EM Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, according to the memo.
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Management William "Ike" White, the Chief of Staff at the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), will now serve as a Senior Advisor to DOE Under Secretary for Science Paul Dabbar. Among other things, Dabbar oversees environmental- and legacy-management missions.
The NNSA is in charge of the nation's nuclear complex and related nonproliferation. Late last month, William Bookless was sworn in as the NNSA's Principal Deputy Administrator.
Environmental Management, established in 1989, is charged with cleaning up the nation's legacy from the Cold War and other government-sponsored energy research. On January 3, 2018, the White House announced President Donald J. Trump's intent to nominate White to be the EM Assistant Secretary. On March 22, 2018, White was confirmed for the position by voice vote of the U.S. Senate. White was sworn in on March 29, 2018.
Prior to White's swearing-in, James Owendoff had been serving as the Acting EM-1 Assistant Secretary. In this role, Owendoff focused on more timely decisions on cleanup projects. The position was previously held by Monica Regalbuto at the end of the administration of former-President Barack Obama.
For additional information about the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Disposal, please go to www.energy.gov.
Posted in AnnouncementsTagged Americium-241, Environmental Management's Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), neptunium-237, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
DOE Publishes Interpretation on High-Level Radioactive Waste
Posted on July 20, 2019 August 16, 2019 by MidwestCompact
On June 5, 2019, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sent a supplemental notice to the Federal Register that provides the public with its interpretation of high-level radioactive waste, informed by more than 5,000 public comments.
For decades, DOE has managed nearly all reprocessing waste streams as high-level radioactive waste regardless of radioactivity. According to the Department, however, this one-size-fits-all approach has led to decades of delay, costs billions of dollars and left the waste trapped in DOE facilities in the states of South Carolina, Washington and Idaho without a permanent disposal solution.
Moving forward, DOE's interpretation is that reprocessing waste streams are defined by their characteristics, not just how they were made. With this new interpretation, DOE states that the Department will pursue new avenues for the responsible and safe treatment and removal of lower level waste that has been languishing at DOE sites, while protecting the environment and the health and safety of local communities.
According to DOE, this interpretation does not change or revise any current policies, legal requirements, permits or agreements. Decisions about whether and how this interpretation of high-level radioactive waste will apply to existing wastes and whether such wastes may be disposed of as non-high-level radioactive waste will be the subject of subsequent actions. Any actions to implement the high-level radioactive waste interpretation will be done on a site-specific basis with appropriate engagement with affected stakeholders.
DOE is also issuing a separate Federal Register notice initiating a National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analysis to determine the potential environmental impacts of the disposal of a Savannah River Site reprocessing waste stream as non-high-level radioactive waste at a commercial disposal facility licensed to receive low-level radioactive waste. The Department will continue to work with the affected local communities on this analysis and the path forward for cleanup at Savannah River.
DOE manages large inventories of legacy waste resulting from spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing activities from atomic energy defense programs – i.e., nuclear weapons production. DOE also manages a small quantity of vitrified waste from a demonstration of commercial SNF reprocessing. Reprocessing generally refers to the dissolution of irradiated SNF in acid, generating liquid or viscous wastes and the chemical processing to separate the fission products or transuranic elements of the SNF from the desired elements of plutonium and uranium, which are recovered for reuse. Liquid reprocessing wastes have been or are currently stored in large underground tanks at three DOE sites: the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina; the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in Idaho; and, the Office of River Protection at the Hanford Site in Washington. Solid reprocessing wastes are liquid wastes that have been immobilized in solid form and are currently stored at SRS, INL and the West Valley Demonstration Project in New York.
DOE's interpretation of high-level radioactive waste is that reprocessing waste is non-high-level radioactive waste if the waste:
does not exceed concentration limits for Class C low-level radioactive waste as set out in section 61.55 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations; or,
does not require disposal in a deep geologic repository and meets the performance objectives of a disposal facility as demonstrated through a performance assessment conducted in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements.
Under DOE's interpretation, waste meeting either of these criteria is non-high-level radioactive waste and may be classified and disposed of in accordance with its radiological characteristics.
In October 2018, DOE issued a Federal Register notice the public comment period on the Department's interpretation of the definition of the statutory term high-level radioactive waste as set forth in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982. The Federal Register notice stated that, at this time, DOE is not making (and has not made) any decisions on the disposal of any particular waste stream. Disposal decisions, when made, will be based on the consideration of public comments in response to the Federal Register notice and prior input and consultation with appropriate state and local regulators and stakeholders. DOE will continue its current practice of managing all its reprocessing wastes as if they were high-level radioactive waste unless and until a specific waste is determined to be another category of waste based on detailed technical assessments of its characteristics and an evaluation of potential disposal pathways, according to the Federal Register notice.
For further information, see 83 Federal Register 50,909 (October 10, 2018).
For additional information, please contact Theresa Kliczewski at HLWnotice@em.doe.gov or at U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management, Office of Waste and Materials Management (EM–4.2), 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585 or at (202) 586-3301.
For more information on high-level radioactive waste and DOE's interpretation, go to
https://www.energy.gov/em/high-level-radioactive-waste-hlw-interpretation.
Posted in AnnouncementsTagged Class C low-level radioactive waste, Hanford Site, high-level radioactive waste, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), nuclear weapons production, plutonium, reprocessing waste streams, spent nuclear fuel (SNF), transuranic elements, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), uranium
NCRP Issues Report re Radiation Safety of Sealed Radioactive Sources
Posted on June 15, 2019 August 16, 2019 by MidwestCompact
On April 25, 2019, the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) announced the release of NCRP Report No. 182 titled, Radiation Safety of Sealed Radioactive Sources. NCRP Report No. 182 is intended to serve as "cradle to grave" guidance for sealed radioactive sources.
Interested stakeholders may purchase NCRP Report No. 182 at https://ncrponline.org/shop/reports/report-no-182-radiation-safety-of-sealed-radioactive-sources-2019/.
NCRP Report No. 182, Radiation Safety of Sealed Radioactive Sources, provides information and guidance on the essential elements of a comprehensive "cradle to grave" program for the acquisition, use and disposition of sealed radioactive sources. This user-friendly document combines information from a variety of different documents, bringing together regulatory information with best-practice guidance.
Sealed radioactive sources (also referred to as sealed sources) are used in a wide variety of occupational settings – including academic and medical institutions, the oil and gas industry, manufacturing industries, nuclear power plants and sterilization facilities. Sealed radioactive sources are subject to different regulatory and licensing structures depending on the type of source and its application.
NCRP Report No. 182 provides guidance on the following aspects of radiation safety related to sealed radioactive sources:
design, fabrication and manufacturing of sealed radioactive sources;
source acquisition, receipt and inventory;
use in specific occupational settings – including the handling and use of low-penetrating power sources, such as electroplated or foil sources;
source storage and transportation;
proper disposal; and,
emergency preparedness for accidents and incidents involving sealed radioactive sources.
According to NRCP's press release, interested stakeholders who are or who may find themselves responsible for sealed radioactive source control would benefit from the report – including radiation safety officers; facilities and programs regulated by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Agreement States and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); scrap metal recyclers; and, small education institutions to large research facilities. Regulatory authorities may also use NCRP Report No. 182 to establish or modify requirements for sealed radioactive source programs.
NCRP Report No. 182 includes new recommendations regarding:
a single definition of a sealed radioactive source and use of a categorization scheme for applying regulatory controls to sealed radioactive sources;
use and maintenance limitations for sealed radioactive sources and devices to end users;
inventory and tracking mechanisms applied to sealed radioactive sources and devices used under a general license; and,
return and/or disposal of disused and spent sealed radioactive source.
NCRP is a Congressionally chartered body that seeks to formulate and widely disseminate information, guidance and recommendations on radiation protection and measurements which represent the consensus of leading scientific thinking.
Additional information regarding NCRP is available at http://ncrponline.org/.
Posted in Reports and other PublicationsTagged emergency preparedness, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), Radiation Safety of Sealed Radioactive Sources., scrap metal recyclers, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
Holtec Requests NRC Approve Sale of Pilgrim Site by End of 2019
Posted on February 14, 2019 February 25, 2019 by MidwestCompact
Seeks to Complete Decommissioning Decades Earlier
On November 16, 2018, Entergy Corporation and Holtec International, through their affiliates, asked the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to approve the sale of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station to Holtec after shutdown. According to the associated press release, doing so would allow Holtec to complete decommissioning and site restoration decades sooner than if Entergy completed decommissioning.
OverviewThe companies jointly filed a License Transfer Application, requesting approval for the transfer of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, as well as its Nuclear Decommissioning Trust Fund, to Holtec after the plant permanently shuts down by June 1, 2019. They also made detailed separate filings that lay out the process each company would use to decommission the facility.
In order to facilitate a timely transaction closing by the end of 2019, the companies have asked the NRC to approve the application by May 31, 2019. According to the press release, doing so will benefit the community, employees and other interested constituents.
Holtec's filings describe the plan of its subsidiary, Holtec Decommissioning International, to complete the dismantling, decontamination and remediation of Pilgrim to NRC standards within eight years of license transfer (i.e., by the end of 2027) assuming timely regulatory approvals. According to the press release, Holtec's process will achieve site restoration decades sooner than if Entergy retained the plant while meeting all applicable local, state and federal regulations.
Holtec estimates total costs for decommissioning Pilgrim at $1.13 billion. As of October 31, 2018, the balance in Pilgrim's Decommissioning Trust Fund was $1.05 billion.
Holtec has contracted with Comprehensive Decommissioning International, LLC (CDI) to perform the decommissioning, including demolition and site cleanup. CDI is a joint venture company of Holtec International and SNC-Lavalin. According to the press release, "The decommissioning experience held by Holtec and SNC-Lavalin gives CDI more than half a century of managing complex projects in both the commercial and government nuclear sectors worldwide."
The completion of decommissioning will result in the release of all portions of the site from the current NRC license, with the exception of the Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI) – the area where spent nuclear fuel is stored in dry casks until the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) transfers the spent fuel offsite.
As part of its plan, Holtec expects to move all spent nuclear fuel into dry casks within three years following plant shutdown. Additionally, Holtec has a pending application with the NRC for a Consolidated Interim Storage Facility (CISF) in New Mexico, which could eventually store spent nuclear fuel from Pilgrim and other U.S. nuclear power plants.
The Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station employs about 600 nuclear professionals and generates 680 megawatts of virtually carbon-free electricity, enough to power more than 600,000 homes. Pilgrim began generating electricity in 1972. Entergy purchased the plant in 1999 from Boston Edison.
Entergy Corporation is an integrated energy company engaged primarily in electric power production and retail distribution operations. Entergy owns and operates power plants with approximately 30,000 megawatts of electric generating capacity, including nearly 9,000 megawatts of nuclear power. Entergy delivers electricity to 2.9 million utility customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. Entergy has annual revenues of approximately $11 billion and more than 13,000 employees.
Holtec International is a privately held energy technology company with operation centers in Florida, New Jersey, Ohio and Pennsylvania in the United States. Globally, Holtec International has operation centers in Brazil, Dubai, India, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom and Ukraine. Holtec's principal business concentration is in the nuclear power industry. Since the 1980s, Holtec has been densifying wet storage in nuclear plants' spent fuel pools, which defers the need for and expense of alternative measures by as much as two decades. Holtec has done this at over 110 reactor units in the United States and abroad. Holtec also offers services regarding dry storage and transport of nuclear fuel. Holtec is working to develop the world's first below-ground CISF in New Mexico and a 160-Megawatt walk away safe small modular reactor, SMR-160. The SMR-160 is developed to bring cost competitive carbon-free energy to all corners of the earth including water-challenged regions. Holtec is also a major supplier of special-purpose pressure vessels and critical-service heat exchange equipment such as air-cooled condensers, steam generators, feedwater heaters and water-cooled condensers. Virtually all products produced by Holtec are built in its three large manufacturing plants in the United States and one in India.
For additional information about the Pilgrim plant, please go to www.pilgrimpower.com. Additional information about Entergy is available at www.entergy.com. To learn more about Holtec International, please visit www.holtecinternational.com.
Posted in Announcements, Regulatory NewsTagged decommissioning and site restoration, Entergy Corporation, Holtec International, Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation, Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, spent nuclear fuel, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
DOE Seeks Public Comment re Interpretation of High-Level Radioactive Waste
Posted on December 3, 2018 December 17, 2018 by MidwestCompact
On October 10, 2018, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE or Department) issued a Federal Register notice seeking public comment on the Department's interpretation of the definition of the statutory term "high-level radioactive waste" (HLW) as set forth in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982.
DOE interprets the term "high-level radioactive waste," as stated in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 as amended (AEA) and the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 as amended (NWPA), in a manner that defines DOE reprocessing wastes to be classified as either HLW or non-HLW based on the radiological characteristics of the waste and their ability to meet appropriate disposal facility requirements. The basis for DOE's interpretation comes from the AEA and NWPA definition of HLW:
the highly radioactive material resulting from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, including liquid waste produced directly in reprocessing and any solid material derived from such liquid waste that contains fission products in sufficient concentrations; and,
other highly radioactive material that the Commission, consistent with existing law, determines by rule requires permanent isolation.
In paragraph A, according to the Federal Register notice, Congress limited HLW to those materials that are both "highly radioactive" and "resulting from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel." Reprocessing generates liquid wastes, with the first cycle of reprocessing operations containing the majority of the fission products and transuranic elements removed from the spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Thus, in paragraph A, Congress distinguished HLW with regard to its form as both "liquid waste produced directly in reprocessing" and "any solid material derived from such liquid waste that contains fission products in sufficient concentrations," states the Federal Register notice.
In paragraph B, Congress defined HLW also to include "other highly radioactive material" that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) determines by rule "requires permanent isolation," continues the Federal Register notice. HLW under paragraph B includes highly radioactive material regardless of whether the waste is from reprocessing or some other activity. Further, under paragraph B, classification of material as HLW is based on its radiological characteristics and whether the material requires permanent isolation, states the Federal Register notice.
According to the Federal Register notice, the common element of these statutory paragraphs defining HLW is the requirement and recognition that the waste be "highly radioactive." Additionally, both paragraphs reflect a primary purpose of the NWPA, which is to define those materials for which disposal in a deep geologic repository is the only method that would provide reasonable assurance that the public and the environment will be adequately protected from the radiological hazards the materials pose.
The terms "highly radioactive" and "sufficient concentrations" are not defined in the AEA or the NWPA. By providing in paragraph A that liquid reprocessing waste is HLW only if it is "highly radioactive" and that solid waste derived from liquid reprocessing waste is HLW only if it is "highly radioactive" and contains fission products in "sufficient concentrations" without further defining these standards, the Federal Register notice asserts that Congress left it to DOE to determine when these standards are met. Given Congress' intent that not all reprocessing waste is HLW, the Federal Register notice states that it is appropriate for DOE to use its expertise to interpret the definition of HLW, consistent with proper statutory construction, to distinguish waste that is non-HLW from waste that is HLW.
The DOE interpretation is informed by the radiological characteristics of reprocessing waste and whether the waste can be disposed of safely in a facility other than a deep geologic repository. The Federal Register notice explains that this interpretation is based upon the principles of the NRC's regulatory structure for the disposal of low-level radioactive wastes.
In its regulations, NRC has identified four classes of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) — Class A, B or C — for which near-surface disposal is safe for public health and the environment, as well as Greater-than-Class C (GTCC) low-level radioactive waste for which near-surface disposal may be safe for public health and the environment. This waste classification regime is based on the concentration levels of a combination of specified short-lived and long-lived radionuclides in a waste stream, with Class C LLW having the highest concentration levels. Waste that exceeds the Class C levels is evaluated on a case-specific basis to determine whether it requires disposal in a deep geologic repository or whether an alternative disposal facility can be demonstrated to provide safe disposal. According to the Federal Register notice, the need for disposal in a deep geologic repository results from a combination of two radiological characteristics of the waste: (1) high activity radionuclides, including fission products, which generate high levels of radiation; and, (2) long-lived radionuclides which, if not properly disposed of, would present a risk to human health and the environment for hundreds of thousands of years.
Because the NRC has long-standing regulations that set concentration limits for radionuclides in waste that is acceptable for near-surface disposal, the Federal Register notice contends that it is reasonable to interpret "highly radioactive" to mean, at a minimum, radionuclide concentrations greater than the Class C limits. Reprocessing waste that does not exceed the Class C limits is non-HLW.
DOE interprets "sufficient concentrations" in the statutory context in which the definition was enacted, which is focused on protecting the public and the environment from the hazards posed by nuclear waste. In addition to the characteristics of the waste itself, the risk that reprocessing waste poses to human health and the environment depends on the physical characteristics of the disposal facility and that facility's ability to safely isolate the waste from the human environment. Relevant characteristics of a disposal facility may include the depth of disposal; use of engineered barriers; and, geologic, hydrologic and geochemical features of the site. Taking these considerations into account, the Federal Register notice states that it is reasonable to interpret "sufficient concentrations" to mean concentrations of fission products in combination with long-lived radionuclides that would require disposal in a deep geologic repository.
Accordingly, under DOE's interpretation, solid waste that exceeds the NRC's Class C limits would be subject to detailed characterization and technical analysis of the radiological characteristics of the waste. This, combined with the physical characteristics of a specific disposal facility and the method of disposal, would determine whether the facility could meet its performance objectives and if the waste can be disposed of safely. The waste characterization and analysis process would govern this approach, as well as the performance objectives for the disposal facility established by the applicable regulator, to ensure that it is protective of human health and the environment.
The DOE interpretation does not require the removal of key radionuclides to the maximum extent that is technically and economically practical before DOE can define waste as non-HLW. According to the Federal Register notice, nothing in the statutory text of the AEA or the NWPA requires that radionuclides be removed to the maximum extent technically and economically practical prior to determining whether waste is HLW. DOE has determined that the removal of radionuclides from waste that already meets existing legal and technical requirements for safe transportation and disposal is unnecessary and inefficient, as well as does not benefit human health or the environment. To the contrary, the Federal Register notice states that it potentially presents a greater risk to human health and the environment because it prolongs the temporary storage of waste.
Therefore, under DOE's interpretation, waste resulting from the reprocessing of SNF is non-HLW if the waste:
Reprocessing waste meeting either I or II of the above is non-HLW. Therefore, according to the Federal Register notice, such waste may be classified and disposed in accordance with its radiological characteristics in an appropriate facility provided all applicable requirements of the disposal facility are met.
For additional information, see 83 Federal Register 50,909 (October 10, 2018). Interested stakeholders may also contact Theresa Kliczewski at HLWnotice@em.doe.gov or at (202) 586-3301.
Posted in Comment SeekingTagged fission products, Greater-than-Class C (GTCC) low-level radioactive waste, high-level radioactive waste, Nuclear Waste Policy Act, radionuclides, spent nuclear fuel, transuranic elements, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
President Trump to Nominate William Bookless as NNSA Principal Deputy Administrator
Posted on September 18, 2018 October 2, 2018 by MidwestCompact
On August 10, 2018, President Donald J. Trump announced his intent to nominate William Bookless, a former Senior Physicist at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), to be the Principal Deputy Administrator at the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA).
Bookless participated in various nuclear security research projects during his 32-year tenure at LLNL. He worked as the Deputy Associate Director for the laboratory's Nuclear Weapons Program, as well as the Associate Director for Safety and Environmental Protection. His LLNL career culminated with a two and a half year assignment as Senior Adviser to the NNSA Administrator from 2009 to 2012. Before retiring in 2015, Bookless served for three years as the Assistant Laboratory Director for Policy and Planning at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Bookless received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Wyoming in 1980. He received NNSA recognition for his advisory work on the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review and the New START Treaty.
For additional information, please see www.whitehouse.gov.
Posted in AnnouncementsTagged Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), National Nuclear Security Administration, President Donald J. Trump, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Anne White Sworn in as Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management
Posted on March 29, 2018 April 15, 2018 by MidwestCompact
On March 29, 2018, Anne Marie White of Michigan was sworn in as Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management (EM) at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
"As Assistant Secretary, White will provide leadership to continue the safe cleanup of the environmental legacy brought about from five decades of nuclear weapons development and government-sponsored nuclear energy research," states the DOE press release announcing the swearing in. "She will work closely with communities that have partnered with DOE and its predecessor agencies for many decades."
"It is an honor to serve as Assistant Secretary of Energy for EM," White said. "I look forward to the challenges ahead and know that with the talented federal staff, our dedicated workers in the field, and the support of a wide array of stakeholders, we will deliver the EM mission safely and cost effectively."
White is the founder of Bastet Technical Services, LLC — a consulting firm that has been engaged in providing strategic solutions to solve complex environmental challenges across the DOE complex. She has more than 25 years of experience across a broad range of activities within the nuclear field, mainly focused on project and program management projects with complex technical, regulatory, and stakeholder challenges.
"She has industry-recognized credentials in technical skills that lead to sound, technically underpinned, cost effective solutions," stated an earlier announcement. "She has extensive hands on in the field experience at many of the Environmental Management sites for which she will have responsibility."
White, who has supported a number of emerging nuclear power nations to develop legal and regulatory structures and national policies, received a Master's Degree of Science in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Missouri-Columbia.
On January 3, 2018, the White House announced President Donald J. Trump's intent to nominate White to be the EM Assistant Secretary. On March 22, 2018, White was confirmed for the position by voice vote of the U.S. Senate.
Since June 2017, James Owendoff has been serving as the Acting EM-1 Assistant Secretary. In this role, Owendoff has focused on more timely decisions on cleanup projects.
The position was previously held by Monica Regalbuto at the end of the administration of former-President Barack Obama.
For additional information, please contact Douglas Tonkay, Director of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Disposal, at (301) 903-7212 or at Douglas.Tonkay@em.doe.gov or go to www.energy.gov.
Posted in AnnouncementsTagged Bastet Technical Services, Environmental Management, LLC, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
NAS Releases LLW Workshop Proceedings
Posted on July 10, 2017 July 16, 2017 by MidwestCompact
On June 6, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NAS) released the final publication, Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management and Disposition: Proceedings of a Workshop. The publication documents the proceedings from a workshop that was organized by the NAS Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Division on Earth and Life Studies, at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE or Department). The workshop was held in Washington, DC on October 24-25, 2016.
During the workshop, presenters and attendees provided perspectives from academia, industry, federal agencies (including those outside of DOE), state governments, international organizations, public interest groups, and national laboratories. The proceedings provide a factual description of the workshop presentations and discussions and are limited to the views and opinions of those participating in the event. The proceedings do not contain consensus findings or recommendations.
Overview DOE asked NAS to organize this workshop to discuss approaches for the management and disposition of low-level radioactive waste. The workshop considered similarities between successful case studies, in which unique disposition pathways have been developed to address low-level radioactive wastes, and explored ways to extend these similar characteristics to problematic wastes—i.e., low-level radioactive wastes currently without a clear disposition pathway. Specifically, the workshop explored the key physical, chemical, and radiological characteristics of low-level radioactive waste that govern its safe and secure management (i.e., packaging, transport, storage) and disposition, in aggregate and for individual waste-streams; and, how key characteristics of low-level waste are incorporated into standards, orders, and regulations that govern the management and disposition of low-level radioactive waste in the United States and in other major waste-producing countries.
Workshop Structure The workshop began by defining the "universe" of low-level radioactive waste within the United States and elsewhere—first by introducing the types of waste that exist and then by exploring the standards, orders, regulations, and laws that define and control their disposal. Case studies were then presented to highlight the successful disposal of a variety of wastes that previously lacked a clear disposition pathway—these case studies are referred to as "success stories." The studies were selected from within and outside of the United States. The participants explored common themes that led to success within the case studies such as: the use of existing regulations and standards (i.e., waste classification) to provide an anchor for disposal decisions; the identification of lessons learned from similar or analogous problems such as Canada's or France's approach to managing and disposing of very low-level waste (VLLW); and, the importance of site characteristics for disposal decisions. These themes were organized into an approach to guide future discussions and disposition decisions for challenging low-level radioactive waste streams—referred to in the proceedings as a "common themes approach."
Waste Streams The common themes approach was applied to a set of five pre-selected challenging low-level radioactive waste streams that spanned a variety of waste characteristics including Greater-Than-Class C (GTCC) and commercial transuranic waste (TRU) waste in excess of 100 nCi/g; sealed sources; VLLW and very low-activity waste; incident waste; and, depleted uranium. One leader from each breakout group introduced a specific challenging low-level radioactive waste stream to the full workshop and later summarized the breakout group's results of applying the common themes approach to the issues associated with the disposal of this waste stream. Several participants identified short-term actions or next steps that could be taken to show progress in addressing each challenging waste stream in the final session of the workshop.
Challenges Each of the waste streams discussed at the workshop presents a unique set of challenges for disposal. For example, GTCC waste and commercial TRU waste in excess of 100 nCi/g lack a clear disposition pathway, while VLLW and very low-activity waste have a disposition pathway in which the level of protection may be considered incommensurate with the hazard, or a potentially non-optimal disposition pathway. According to NAS, the application of the common themes approach to these diverse waste streams was intended to explore how adaptable this approach would be as a tool in discussing or presenting a variety of disposal options.
Background The Department's Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) is responsible for the cleanup of the sites used by the federal government for nuclear weapons development and nuclear energy research. DOE-EM cleanup involves retrieval, treatment, storage, transportation, and disposition of hundreds of different radioactive and hazardous solid and liquid wastes. Low-level radioactive waste—which is defined by exclusion as waste that does not meet the statutory definitions for spent nuclear fuel, high-level radioactive waste, or transuranic waste—is physically and chemically diverse, ranging from lightly contaminated soils and building materials to highly irradiated nuclear reactor components. It is the most volumetrically significant waste stream (millions of cubic meters) being generated by the cleanup program.
The NAS proceedings are available to interested stakeholders for free download at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24715/. For additional information, please contact Jennifer Heimberg, Senior Program Officer, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board (NRSB), Board on Life Sciences (BLS), Board on Environmental Change and Society (BECS), NAS at (202) 334-3293 or at jheimberg@nas.edu.
Posted in Conferences and Meetings, Reports and other PublicationsTagged and Medicine (NAS), commercial transuranic waste (TRU), disposition, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Engineering, Greater-than-Class C (GTCC), Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management and Disposition: Proceedings of a Workshop, low-level radioactive wastes, NAS Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, National Academies of Sciences, Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM), packaging, radiological characteristics of low-level radioactive waste, retrieval, storage, transportation, treatment, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), very low-level waste, Washington DC
Waste Management Accepting Abstracts & Fellow Award Nominations
Posted on July 7, 2017 July 16, 2017 by MidwestCompact
Abstracts are now being accepted for the Waste Management 2018 Conference, which will be held at the Phoenix Convention Center in Phoenix, Arizona on March 18-22, 2018. This year's conference theme is Nuclear and Industrial Robotics, Remote Systems and Other Emerging Technologies.
Background The annual Waste Management Conference, presented by WM Symposia (WMS), is an international symposium concerning the safe and secure management of radioactive wastes arising from nuclear operations, facility decommissioning and environmental remediation, as well as storage, transportation and disposal and associated activates. WMS was founded to provide a forum for discussing and seeking cost-effective and environmentally responsible solutions for the safe management and disposition of radioactive waste and radioactive materials. WM2018 marks the 44th year of the conference and is expected to attract over 2,000 nuclear specialists from over 35 countries, presenting more than 500 papers in over 130 technical sessions.
Supporting Organizations Supporting organizations include the American Nuclear Society (ANS), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA). The conference is also organized in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
Abstract Submissions WMS welcomes abstracts in nine topic areas related to nuclear waste management. The submission site became available in mid-June 2017. To submit an abstract, interested parties will need to visit the WMS website at www.wmsym.org and login using a registered username and password. The deadline for submission is Friday, August 11, 2017. Please note, there is a limit of abstract submissions to two (2) per presenter, but no limit on the number of abstracts that may be co-authored.
Fellow Award Nominations WMS is also accepting nominations for the conference Fellow Award. Nominations must be submitted no later than August 11, 2017. Nomination forms should be submitted to awards@wmarizona.org. All questions related to the WMS Fellowship should be directed to Fred Sheil, Chair of the WM Board of Directors Honors & Awards Committee. Sheil can be reached by phone at +44-19-46-813342 or by email at Fred@Sheil.myzen.co.uk.
The Call for Abstracts and the detailed Topic Listing are available online at www.wmsym.org. For additional information on the Waste Management Conference, please call (480) 557-0263 or email to shelley@wmarizona.org.
Posted in Conferences and MeetingsTagged American Nuclear Society (ANS), cost-effective and environmentally responsible solutions for the safe management and disposition of radioactive waste and radioactive materials, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Nuclear and Industrial Robotics Remote Systems and Other Emerging Technologies, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA), the International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC), the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Waste Management 2018 Conference, WM Symposia (WMS)
Alert Declared at Hanford Site
Posted on May 17, 2017 June 6, 2017 by MidwestCompact
At 8:26 a.m. on May 9, 2017, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Richland Operations Office activated the Hanford Emergency Operations Center after an alert was declared. In particular, officials responded to reports of a cave-in of a 20-foot section of a tunnel that is hundreds of feet long that is used to store contaminated materials. The tunnel is located next to the Plutonium Uranium Extraction Facility, also known as PUREX, which is located in the center of the Hanford Site in an area known as the 200 East Area.
Overview During a routine surveillance of the area in the morning, a 20-foot-wide hole in the roof of one of the tunnels was observed, leading to the precautionary sheltering of employees and notifications to area counties and states. After no contamination was detected, the shelter in place order was lifted and employees were sent home from work early as a precaution. Workers continue to monitor the area for contamination as a crew prepares to fill the hole with clean soil.
Actions taken to protect site employees included the following:
As a precaution, workers in the vicinity of the PUREX facility—as well as the Hanford Site north of the Wye Barricade (southern entrance to the site)—were told to shelter in-place.
Access to the 200 East Area of the Hanford Site, which is located in the center of the Hanford Site, has been restricted to protect employees.
All personnel in the vicinity of the PUREX facility were accounted for and there were no reports of injuries.
Background In the 1950s and 1960s, two tunnels were constructed next to the PUREX former chemical processing plant. The tunnels were constructed of wood and concrete and covered with approximately 8 feet of soil. The tunnels were constructed to hold rail cars that were loaded with contaminated equipment and moved into the tunnels during the Cold War.
The approximately 360-foot-long tunnel where the partial collapse occurred contains 8 rail cars loaded with contaminated equipment. That tunnel feeds into a longer tunnel that extends hundreds more feet and contains 28 rail cars loaded with contaminated equipment. The hole opened up in the shorter tunnel near where it joins the longer tunnel. The tunnels were sealed in the mid-1990s and are checked periodically.
DOE hosted a briefing on its Hanford Site Facebook channel. Interested stakeholders can view the briefing on the Hanford Site Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/HanfordSite/.
Posted in General InformationTagged Hanford Emergency Operations Center, Plutonium Uranium Extraction Facility, PUREX, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
DOE and NRC to Hold Third Advanced Reactor Workshop
Posted on April 26, 2017 May 18, 2017 by MidwestCompact
On April 25-26, 2017, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) continued their joint workshop series on innovative reactor technologies in Bethesda, Maryland. The workshop, which was open to the public, begin at 8:30 a.m. on April 25, 2017. It was held at the Bethesda North Marriott in Bethesda, Maryland. The workshop included presentations as well as structured and open discussions, using a facilitator.
"We are encouraging interested parties to continue discussing the most efficient and effective path forward to safely develop and deploy advanced reactors in the United States," said Vonna Ordaz, Acting Director of the NRC's Office of New Reactors. "We expect to discuss topics such as modeling and testing innovative technologies, as well as how vendors might approach getting their designs approved for U.S. use."
The NRC defines advanced reactors as those technologies using something other than water to cool the reactor core. The NRC is currently discussing one such advanced design with a vendor considering applying for design certification. The NRC remains available for early-stage discussion with other potential advanced reactor vendors.
For more information on the workshop, please contact the Nishka Devaser at (301) 415-5196 or at nishka.devaser@nrc.gov; John Segala at (301) 415-1992 or at john.segala@nrc.gov; Trevor Cook at (301) 903-7046 or at trevor.cook@nuclear.energy.gov; or, Tom Sowinski at (301) 903-0112 or at thomas.sowinski@nuclear.energy.gov.
Posted in Conferences and MeetingsTagged potential advanced reactor vendors, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
Draft Agenda Released for the Spring 2017 LLW Forum Meeting
Posted on February 27, 2017 March 19, 2017 by MidwestCompact
Embassy Suites Downtown Convention Center Hotel
Denver, Colorado on April 24-25, 2017
The Low-Level Radioactive Waste Forum (LLW Forum) has released the draft agenda for its spring 2017 meeting, which will be held at the Embassy Suites Downtown Convention Center Hotel in Denver, Colorado on April 24-25, 2017.
As a reminder, the discount rate hotel room block for the meeting closes in just three weeks on April 5, 2017. There is limited space remaining in the discount room block. Accordingly, interested stakeholders are encouraged to register and make hotel reservations for the meeting at your earliest convenience.
The Rocky Mountain Low-Level Radioactive Waste Board and Midwest Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact Commission are co-sponsoring the meeting.
The meeting documents—including the meeting bulletin, registration form and draft agenda—have been posted to the LLW Forum's web site at www.llwforum.org.
Agenda Topics
The following is a list of agenda topics for the meeting:
overview and analysis re Executive agency and Congressional transition and impacts on the nuclear industry;
the National Academies' low-level radioactive waste management and disposition workshop;
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulatory activities and updates including Part 61 rulemaking initiative;low-activity waste scoping study; rulemaking SECY re financial assurance for byproduct material; and, assessment for the low-level waste branch;
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) activities and updates including final revisions to National Emission Standards for Radon Emissions from Operating Mill Tailings; publication of final Protective Action Guides and Planning Guidance for Radiological Incidents; and, public comments and next steps re the 40 CFR Part 190 Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR);
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) activities and updates;
updates and activities re the Waste Control Specialists commercial and federal low-level radioactive waste disposal facility in Andrews County, Texas;
updates and activities re the Clive low-level radioactive waste disposal facility in Tooele County, Utah;
consideration of alternative options for the management of low activity waste;
requirements for plans regarding waste minimization;
tools to assist decision makers regarding low-level waste management;
perspectives from the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) on the state of the commercial nuclear power industry;
industry insights and perspectives regarding waste management and disposition;
addressing abandoned cyclotrons and decommissioning in Colorado;
survey results re alternative technologies for irradiators and other radioactive sources and devices;
implementation of new Part 37 requirements and review of cyber-security for nuclear-related issues;
proposals to license Greater-than-Class C (GTCC) and transuranic waste cells and spent nuclear fuel storage in Texas;
past, present and future use of uranium in Colorado;
development of a radiation response volunteer medical reserves corp unit;
lack of oversight for management of exempt sealed radioactive sources;
the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors (CRCPD) Part S Working Group re suggested state regulations on financial assurance for sealed sources;
potential revisions to regulations or processes re Category 3 source protection and accountability; and,
removal and packaging of Category 1 and 2 self-shielded devices.
Officials from states, compacts, federal agencies, nuclear utilities, disposal operators, brokers/processors, industry, and other interested parties are invited and encouraged to attend.
The meeting is an excellent opportunity to stay up-to-date on the most recent and significant developments in the area of low-level radioactive waste management and disposal. It also offers an important opportunity to network with other government and industry officials and to participate in decision-making on future actions and endeavors affecting low-level radioactive waste management and disposal.
Location and Dates
The spring 2017 LLW Forum meeting will be held on Monday, April 24 (9:00 am – 5:00 pm) and Tuesday, April 25 (9:00 am – 1:00 pm) at:
Embassy Suites by Downtown Convention Center Hotel
1420 Stout Street
The hotel offers a gateway to Denver's lively downtown scene. Boasting a contemporary convention venue, the hotel is within walking distance of the best attractions in the downtown area.
All persons must pre-register for the meeting and pay any associated registration fees in order to be allowed entry. Registration forms are needed in order to ensure that you receive a meeting packet and name badge. Accordingly, interested attendees are asked to please take a moment to complete the registration form at your earliest convenience You can submit the registration form electronically via the online link or print a hard copy and return it to the Administrator of the Rocky Mountain Board at the mailing address, e-mail or fax number listed at the bottom of the form.
The meeting is free for up to two individuals representing members of the LLW Forum. Additional and non-member registration is $500, payable by check only to the "LLW Forum, Inc." (Credit card payments are not accepted.)
Persons who plan to attend the meeting are strongly encouraged to make their hotel reservations and send in their registration forms as soon as possible, as we have exceeded our block at the last few meetings.
A limited block of hotel rooms has been reserved for Sunday, April 23rd and Monday, April 24th at the rate of $178.00 plus tax per night (for single/double occupancy).
To make a reservation, please call (800) 445-8667. Please ask for the LLW Forum block in order to get the discounted meeting rate.
The deadline for reserving a room at the discounted rate is Wednesday, April 5, 2017.
Transportation and Directions
From Denver International Airport (DIA), one way taxi fare is available for approximately $70.00. Another option is the train from DIA to Union Station downtown. From Union Station, you can walk or take the 16th street mall shuttle the additional 1.2 miles to the hotel off of Stout Street.
For additional information, please contact Todd D. Lovinger, the LLW Forum's Executive Director, at (754) 779-7551 or go to www.llwforum.org.
Posted in Conferences and Meetings, MeetingsTagged abandoned cyclotrons, alternative technologies, Category 3 source protection, Colorado, Greater-than-Class C (GTCC) and transuranic waste cells, LLW Forum, Low-Level Radioactive Waste Forum, low-level radioactive waste management and disposal, Midwest Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact Commission, Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI), Rocky Mountain Low-Level Radioactive Waste Board, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission


text:
Siderone é um gênero de insetos, proposto por Jakob Hübner em 1823; contendo borboletas neotropicais da família Nymphalidae e subfamília Charaxinae, caracterizadas por ter um voo muito rápido e forte e que se alimentam de substâncias em umidade mineralizada do solo, vegetação e leitos de rios secos, em florestas ou outros habitats semi-sombreados; com lagartas que se alimentam de folhas de plantas dos gêneros Casearia e Zuelania. Fêmeas tendem a ser maiores que os machos. Por baixo, estas borboletas possuem tons marrons e têm uma semelhança muito forte com as folhas mortas.

Identificação de espécies
O gênero Siderone possui duas espécies reconhecidas, que podem ser identificadas na seguinte chave:

Borboletas com as asas anteriores contendo sua mancha em vermelho dividida por uma faixa negra. / Siderone galanthis (Cramer, 1775) - Espécie-tipo

Borboletas com as asas anteriores contendo sua mancha em vermelho indivisa. / Siderone syntyche Hewitson, [1854]

Ligações externas
 Siderone galanthis catarina Dottax and Pierre, 2009 - (ResearchGate; retirado de External morphology of immature stages of Zaretis strigosus (Gmelin) and Siderone galanthis catarina Dottax and Pierre, comb. nov., with taxonomic notes on Siderone (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae), por Fernando Maia Silva Dias; José Francisco de Oliveira-Neto; Mirna Martins Casagrande e Olaf Mielke (2015)).
 Siderone syntyche mars Bates, 1860 - (ResearchGate; retirado de External morphology of immature stages of Zaretis strigosus (Gmelin) and Siderone galanthis catarina Dottax and Pierre, comb. nov., with taxonomic notes on Siderone (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae), por Fernando Maia Silva Dias; José Francisco de Oliveira-Neto; Mirna Martins Casagrande e Olaf Mielke (2015)).

Lepidoptera


Hi I was working on the basis that as long as a director is being paid salary above the Lower Earnings Threshold then full state Pension Credits would be earned. There now seems to be some doubt about this and I have read that this is not enough and that it should exceed the Primary Earnings Threshold. I have been paying a director above the LEL but below the PET since 2003. That director's National Insurance record shows most years as not having any contributions. How can this issue be resloved - especially in view of the number of years it goes back? Any help gratefully receive.
What is the source of your doubts ?
An accountant who says its not sufficient and that you should pay just over the PET - also Gov.Uk says "may" be entitled to state benefits.
Who's the accountant? Maybe you should tell him to re-train?
This was always a fear of mine.
Many advocate (quite correctly I believe) that paying over the LEL is sufficient.
I have tended to advise paying just over the PET, particularly in the pre RTI days, but it has stuck with me.
The rationale being that if you paid SOME NIC (albeit only a few pounds in many cases) that this forced HMRC to actually process the figures. I didn't like the idea of some HMRC centre receiving a pile of manual P14s with no NIC actually showing and them not processing them correctly.
OP where have you read "that this is not enough".
It seems either a problem with the payroll submissions or with the NI office since it's earnings over the LEL that give you a qualifying year so, assuming everything was filed correctly, your director should have a full record.
You have been filing the payroll, haven't you? With all the correct details in place?
If so then I would suggest you gather your paperwork and fire it off to them to fix it.
Yes everything has been filed. I cannot see anywhere on HMRC website that states that the minimum salary should above LEL to qualify for full State Pension, only to receive State Benefits. This seems to be the received wisdom but not certainly reflected by the director's NI record. Also I cannot speak to HMRC about the director because I am not an agent. So I guess I will have to retrieve and send P60's and hope for the best.
I remember going on a CPD course years ago. The lecturer said something along the lines of "Why would you do that? Why not give HMRC a little bit of money to look after?"
I thought it was sound advice and have always had my Directors pay a small amount of NIC which all arises in month 12.
Interesting but sadly not much use to me now.
Yes you qualify at LEL and above.
I have paid myself at the PT threshold for the last few years and not paid NI.
In 2017-18 I received £8164 and have just checked my NI record courtesy of the lovely Personal Tax Account and it shows a full 31 years of contributions (my full working life).
Each year is broken down and shows 'Full Year' though interestingly it shows for 2017-18 'You did not make any contributions this year' whereas when I was self employed it shows the contributons as 53 weeks (as I paid Class 2).
EDIT: just re-read your question and I think you are confusing the bit where is states "You did not make any contributions this year" which is a statement of fact - he didn't. However just above that it should state 'FULL YEAR' in exactly the same way as when an actual contribution is made.
Check the Summary for 'years of full contributions'.
That is the case here and I feel a fool although the wording could be more reassuring! Many thanks for clearing this up - the director is my wife and this will make for a much happier dinner table discussion!


text:
You are here: Home / News / Uncertainty flies over new coalition
Uncertainty flies over new coalition
Conservative Party leader Erna Solberg, who likely will be charged with forming a new non-socialist government coalition after the upcoming election, still can't or won't say who it will include. Uncertainty rose this week, after two of her potential government partners claimed they won't govern after all with the most conservative Progress Party.
Pressure is growing on Conservatives leader Erna Solberg (right), as she seems increasingly forced to choose between cooperating in a new non-socialist coalition government with Siv Jensen of the Progress Party (left) or with two much smaller center-right parties. PHOTO: newsinenglish.no
Statements by Trine Skei Grande of the Liberal Party and Knut Arild Hareide of the Christian Democrats to newspaper Dagsavisen on Monday added to the uncertainty swirling around what kind of new government coalition Norway might get after the September 9 parliamentary election. It's supposed to be up to the voters to decide who governs, but maneuvering among the parties for which the voters actually vote in Norway means that even if the Progress Party emerges as the country's second- or third-largest party, it may once again be blocked from sharing in government power.
That's because the Liberals and the Christian Democrats, who place themselves as center-right parties, now say they won't share government power with the Progress Party. That pretty much seems to smash the plans Solberg has been building up for months to form a four-party coalition led by her Conservatives and including the Progress Party, the Liberals and the Christian Democrats.
Incumbent Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg is challenging Erna Solberg of the Conservatives to make up her mind. PHOTO: newsinenglish.no/NRK screen grab
That seems to leave Solberg with either forming a two-party coalition between just her party and the Progress Party, which would arguably result in the most right-wing government Norway has had in modern history, or freezing out Progress and forming what may be a minority government with the two centrist parties. Going it alone would likely be too risky, with a strictly Conservative government vulnerable to fall over a multitude of potential issues.
Solberg has admitted that Grande tipped her off to Monday's interview with Dagsavisen, in which the Liberal and the Christian Democrats seemed to irrevocably distance themselves from the Progress Party, but Solberg didn't warn Progress Party leader Siv Jensen. Jensen says she was thus caught by surprise on Monday when her two potential partners turned their backs on her. Both the Liberals and the Christian Democrats, though, claim they differ too much with Jensen on issues such as oil drilling off Lofoten and Vesterålen, paternity leave, tax policy and care for refugee children to even enter into negotiations on a government platform.
Incumbent Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg, re-energized after a new batch of better poll results for his Labour Party, went on the offensive once again, much as he did at their party leader debate last week. Stoltenberg challenged Solberg to answer questions about who will sit in a non-socialist government if her three potential partners won't negotiate with each other.
"Erna says they have worked to build up a non-socialist government alternative for nearly eight years," he told Dagsavisen. "But they lack two important things: Who will participate and what their politics will be!"
Solberg, challenged herself by the centrist parties' refusal to work with the Progress Party, must now decide who she'll work with. All she'll say is that "we'll sit down after the election, talk about politics and discuss a foundation for a new government. We're inviting everyone to join."
Voters are left with little insight into how the non-socialists would rule, or how long a coalition might last. Labour, with some polls showing that it once again is bigger than the Conservatives, may try to take over, although it remains doubtful whether Labour's current partners will be strong enough to revive their left-center coalition.
Filed Under: News Tagged With: election2013, elections, government, politics


Today I am so happy to welcome fellow Canadian and award-winning author Sandra Orchard to Interviews & Reviews.
Readers' Choice Award, a HOLT Medallion Award of Merit, and a Daphne du Maurier Award for Excellence in Mystery/Suspense. In addition to her busy writing schedule, Sandra enjoys speaking at events and teaching writing workshops. She lives in Ontario, Canada.
Sandra, weclome to Interviews & Reviews! For those who aren't familiar with your work, can you tell us a little about yourself?
When not plotting crimes, I love to play with my adorable little grandchildren or enjoy hiking or kayaking with my hubby or renovating our century-old farmhouse, aka the money pit. Once upon a time, I taught high school math, homeschooled my three brilliant children (I could be biased on the brilliant part) and I still do bookkeeping—the mathematical kind. ;) I also love to speak at events, teach writing workshops, and do all kinds of crafts.
I've been writing in some form or another all my life. But for most of those years, I never dreamed of writing fiction. I didn't think I had enough imagination! I started my first novel in late 2004 and signed my first publishing contract six years later.
3 1/2 more than have been published and/or contracted. <wink> Over Maya Dead Body is lucky number 13—my sixth mystery with Revell. I also have 7 romantic suspense with Harlequin's Love Inspired Suspense Christian imprint, and I'm currently working on 3 cozy mysteries for Annie's Attic.
The writing! I love brainstorming ideas and plotting and editing and researching. But most writing days are hard slogging.
Yes, but I don't want to give them away! They are best delved into along with Serena over the course of the story. I also provide questions for book club discussions based on the book, which can be downloaded from the bonus features page on my website or from the book's page on the publisher's site.
Don't be in a hurry to get published. Take time to develop your writing craft and enjoy the journey.
Good advice! Let's turn to something a little different.What is the quirkiest thing you have ever done?
Craziest might be a better description of what I did than quirkiest. I rode my daughter's brand-new-to-us horse bare back, when I really didn't know how to ride. I mean what greenhorn knows that squeezing your legs makes a horse go? I was just trying to stay on! Instead she bucked and bucked and…bucked. With each buck I went up a little higher as my hubby raced to my rescue. On the third buck, I cleared her withers and my sweetheart caught me on the way down. Ahh…my hero.
Sounds like something you could use in a story. Are there things you put off doing because you dread them?
Absolutely! When I'm stuck in a story, I put off writing by re-outlining the story, re-reading, re-everything-you-can-imagine in the hopes of some divine inspiration.
"Favourite" is hard for me to define. It used to be at night, after all my other obligations of the day were met. It's when I write the best, but…I'd prefer to write in the morning. Ideally, I'd quickly meet my writing goal, leaving the rest of the day free for other things. Unfortunately days are rarely ideal.
What is your favourite Scripture verse and why?
Interested in starting this series from the beginning? Just click on the pictures below!


"Don't spoil the view" hardly sounds like the most ambitious proposition for an architect to make when designing a new building but it is one that had a profound impact on Carmody Groarke's latest work. The Windermere Jetty Museum in Cumbria's Lake District sits on the eastern shore of England's largest natural lake and is surrounded by some of the most spectacular natural scenery in northern Europe.
The museum was founded in 1977 as venue for the display and conservation of boats that had spent their working lives on Windermere. It was built on the site of an old waterside sand and gravel works dating from the 1920s. The museum included an old wet dock used by the gravel works, which had simply been roofed over to form a covered jetty where boats could go on display.
Despite a makeshift extension in the 1980s, the museum's poor accommodation increasingly compromised its curatorial and conservational viability and in 2006 it closed and its boat collection was taken into storage. A change of ownership then followed after which the new owners held an architectural competition for a new museum design that accommodated gallery and conservation areas in 2011.
Despite Carmody Groarke then being a young and relatively small practice of 11, they beat a shortlist of seven others to win the commission. After various Heritage Lottery Fund application stages construction began in November 2015 and the new £20m museum is due to open to the public this weekend.


In this video I'm explaining how to make your tank drum sound and revealing the easiest ways to start playing it. I'm also showing different playing techniques: playing with fingers, with a palm, with two fingers at a time, playing using plunking and muffling.
Every technique is based on a quick tongue thrust, a "jumpy" bounce. Playing the tank drum with fingers requires training and your joints development. It is certainly possible to learn to play the tank drum yourself. If you have any questions concerning the ways of playing the tank drum, or if you have any learning difficulties, feel free to email me. I will be pleased to help you and will clarify all the points.


Hello Kansas City! iPetsKC is the local, go-to pet info resource in KC – we are in print & online. Pet parents & pet lovers alike follow us for pet-friendly events, places to shop, awesome products, services, and so much more. We search all of Kansas City for the best dog parks, doggy day cares, animal rescue shelters, groomers, pet-friendly events & everything in between. Find all that you need for Kansas City pets here.


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131 - 140 of 301 results for: ARTHIST
ARTHIST 246A: California Dreaming: West Coast Art and Visual Culture, 1848 - present
This seminar examines art, photography, and other forms of cultural production (e.g. film, advertisements, postcards) in and about California from the middle of the 19th century to the present. It approaches California as a contested political, historical and geographical site and as a series of images and alternative "lifestyles." How have artists pictured the state's diverse landscapes, both natural and commercial, as well as its complex history of labor, immigration, ethnicity, tourism, and social division?
ARTHIST 246B: Pop Art (AMSTUD 246B)
A new course on the history and meaning of Pop art in the United States and abroad. The course will feature close study of paintings, photographs, and prints at the Cantor Art Center. The course will be given in the Denning Family Resource Room, located in The Anderson Collection building. If you have any questions regarding the location, please contact Linda Esquivel at lindae@stanford.edu.
Last offered: Spring 2015
ARTHIST 246N: Pacific Dreams: Art in California
This course will explore the rich history of art in California from 1850-present. From Chiura Obata¿s exquisite views of Yosemite to ASCO¿s urgent political performances in the streets of Los Angeles, artists have engaged California¿s landscape, history, and diverse populations in myriad ways. Topics of study will include art in San Francisco Chinatown, Hollywood and contemporary art, psychedelia and the counterculture, African American performance and Afrofuturism, and punk rock in Los Angeles. Special attention will be paid to issues of immigration, race, and ethnicity in California. The course will include multiple museum visits and trips to important artistic sites in the Bay Area.
Last offered: Winter 2019
ARTHIST 248A: Architecture & Gender (CEE 32Y)
This advanced seminar introduces students to the seemingly inconspicuous relation between architecture and gender. The course studies how modern societies create easily, controlled docile spaces, thus pursuing the absent bodies of its members - be it through symbolic or material means. This troubled history of the powers of architecture to neglect sexuality and impose strict gender roles is analyzed in class discussions through recent feminist and queer theoretical approaches and tested on case studies.
ARTHIST 248B: Architecture, Urbanism, and Visual Culture in Early Modern Rome
This seminar investigates architecture in Rome, from Michelangelo to Piranesi. It examines the origins of modern urbanism; the piazza as ceremonial theater; the water network and fountain displays; palace design inside and out; religious institutions, from convents to confraternities; church design inside and out; the devotional and illusionistic space of the family chapel; festival architecture; light symbolism and geometry; the use of new materials and technologies; the relationship of early modern architecture to painting and sculpture; and the question of a unity of the arts.
ARTHIST 252: Transatlantic American Art
This is an American art history course from a transatlantic perspective, considering the ties between the United States and England from the colonial era to World War I, a period in which both nations underwent a similar trajectory of industrialization, urbanization, democratization, and expansionism/imperialism. We will explore the ways in which American attitudes towards England oscillated between anxious emulation and proud repudiation, as the ideas of ¿British culture¿ and ¿Englishness¿ became catalysts for national self-definition and touchstones for gendered and racialized metaphors of national vigor or decline. We will also examine how American artists received aesthetic conventions and artistic genres from Britain, and how the geography of the American landscape and questions of national character and taste challenged these traditions.
ARTHIST 252A: Art and Power: From Royal Spectacle to Revolutionary Ritual (FRENCH 252)
From the Palace of Versailles to grand operas to Jacques-Louis David's portraits of revolutionary martyrs, rarely have the arts been so powerfully mobilized by the State as in early modern France. This course examines how the arts were used from Louis XIV to the Revolution in order to broadcast political authority across Europe. We will also consider the resistance to such attempts to elicit shock-and-awe through artistic patronage. By studying music, architecture, garden design, the visual arts, and theater together, students will gain a new perspective on works of art in their political contexts. But we will also examine the libelous pamphlets and satirical cartoons that turned the monarchy¿s grandeur against itself, ending the course with an examination of the new artistic regime of the French Revolution. The course will be taught in English with the option of French readings for departmental majors.
ARTHIST 255: Hidden Histories: Art and Misrepresentation
What happens when art functions as a decoy, taking us away from stories that it refuses to tell? We will explore three modern artists who grapple, in unpredictable ways, with the historical events that have shaped them: Philip Guston and the Holocaust; Martin Puryear and the Civil Rights movement; and South African artist William Kentridge and apartheid. When appropriate, we will look at objects at the Cantor Art Center (Stanford) as well as museums in the Bay Area. The course will provide the foundation for an exhibition at the Cantor Arts Center and the Yale University Art Gallery in 2016.
ARTHIST 262: Office of Metropolitan Architecture: Workshop of the New
This seminar investigates all aspects of the work of the Office of Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) and its leader Rem Koolhaas. Topics for class research and inquiry include but are not be limited to: Koolhaas's early work at the Architectural Association and the founding of OMA, the publications of OMA and their style of presentation and theoretical foundations, the importance of AMO, and the architects who have left OMA and founded their own practices and how these differ from OMA. Each student completes an in-depth research paper and an in-class presentation.
ARTHIST 263B: The View through the Windshield: Cars and the American Landscape
Both cars and the landscape are fundamental to American identity. This seminar will consider the relationship between them: how they have shaped each other, how one mediates the experience of the other, and how American artists such as Ansel Adams, Edward Hopper, and Ed Ruscha have represented both. We will discuss the relationship between nature and technology; the aesthetics of highways and parkways; the phenomenology of driving and road trips; maps and way finding; and the future of cars, mapping, and the landscape.
Last offered: Autumn 2013 | UG Reqs: WAY-A-II
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Q: How to run program/application in full screen mode I am running my program/application from command line like sudo ./MyApp and some of programs I run like sudo ./MyShFile.sh ( in .sh file I just call/run my programs).
But I want that my program should be run in full screen mode in Ubuntu 14.04.
If anybody has any idea about the same then please let me know.
Thanks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


BEIJING (Reuters) - China aims to train astronauts from other countries who will conduct missions with their Chinese counterparts, state news agency Xinhua cited a senior official as saying on Monday.
China will also share the technological achievements of its manned space program with other countries, especially with developing ones, Xinhua quoted Wang Zhaoyao, head of the country's manned space program office, as saying.
"Cooperation should be either bilateral or multilateral, with diversified and flexible models based on peace and a win-win cooperation," he said.
The move will happen "at a proper time", Wang told an international seminar in Beijing. Xinhua gave no other details.
China successfully completed its latest manned space mission in June, when three astronauts spent 15 days in orbit and docked with an experimental space laboratory critical in Beijing's quest to build a working space station by 2020.
China is still far behind established space superpowers, the United States and Russia, which decades ago learned the docking techniques China is only now mastering.
It is already working with Russia in the field of astronaut training, has a cooperative relationship with the European Space Agency and has begun talking to its opposite numbers in the United States, Wang added.
Beijing insists its space program is for peaceful purposes, but the U.S. Defense Department has highlighted China's increasing space capabilities and said Beijing is pursuing a variety of activities aimed at preventing its adversaries from using space-based assets during a crisis.
Wang said that China "will consistently adhere to the principle of peaceful use, equality, mutual benefit and common development in the construction of its manned space station".
China aims to land its first probe on the moon at the end of this year.


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Netflix rejects calls to add disclaimer to 'The Crown'
Netflix has "no plans" to add a disclaimer to The Crown stating that its lavish drama about Britain's royal family is a work of fiction.
In a statement Saturday, Netflix said it has always presented the drama, as just that—a drama.
"We have always presented The Crown as a drama—and we have every confidence our members understand it's a work of fiction that's broadly based on historical events," it said.
"As a result we have no plans—and see no need—to add a disclaimer."
Netflix was urged last week by British Culture Secretary Oliver Dowden to add the disclaimer, in the wake of the broadcast of the drama's fourth series.
Questions of historical fidelity weren't a major issue during earlier seasons of the show, which debuted in 2016 and traces the long reign of Queen Elizabeth II, which began in 1952.
But the current fourth season is set in the 1980s, a divisive decade in Britain. Characters include Conservative Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, whose 11-year tenure transformed and divided Britain, and the late Princess Diana, whose death in a car crash in 1997 transfixed the nation and the world.
Some Conservatives have criticized the program's depiction of Thatcher, played by Gillian Anderson. Britain's first female prime minister, who died in 2013, is portrayed as clashing with Olivia Colman's Elizabeth to an extent that some say is exaggerated.
The Crown creator Peter Morgan, whose work also includes recent-history dramas The Queen and Frost/Nixon, has defended his work, saying it is thoroughly researched and true in spirit.
Charles Spencer, Diana's brother, was one who called on Netflix to add a disclaimer.
"I think it would help The Crown an enormous amount if, at the beginning of each episode, it stated that, 'This isn't true but it is based around some real events,'" he told broadcaster ITV. "I worry people do think that this is gospel and that's unfair."
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Clearing them fixes certain problems like loading formatting issues on sites. Mangalashtak once more songs download songs pk. When you use a browser like Chrome, it saves some information from websites in its cache cookies.


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Modeling the development of coarse-to-fine processing in the central visual pathway
Jasmine A Nirody1
The mode of information processing in neural sensory systems has been the subject of many experimental and computational studies. In the visual system, the existence of a sequential analysis of information, where coarse features are processed before fine details, is intuitive--when looking quickly at a scene, we process general structures before focusing on individual objects. Recent studies have shown that cortical spatial coarse-to-fine processing is largely accounted for by feedforward input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in adults [1]. However, the developmental aspect of this process has not yet been considered. We use experimental data from LGN neurons from three age groups: adult cats and kittens at 4 and 8 weeks postnatal [2] to construct a firing-rate based thalamocortical model. We consider how developmental changes in spatiotemporal structure affect feedforward thalamic contribution to cortical spatial frequency (SF) tuning, as well as the efficacy of cortical feedback in facilitating this dynamic. Our model predicts a non-monotone relationship between relative surround strength and shift in tuning peak, suggesting the existence of an optimal center-surround balance which maximizes SF shift. Taken together with previous data, our results suggest that the ratios for mature animals are distributed close to or around their "optimum", while the distribution for kittens is centered at a ratio significantly lower than their peak value. As cortical feedback has been suggested to strengthen the antagonistic effects of the surround response, this implies that kittens early in the developmental process are more strongly affected by corticothalamic feedback than adults. Our results point to these recurrent connections as an important mechanism in facilitating the development of spatial coarse-to-fine processing.
Effects of selected model parameters on SF tuning in the visual cortex. Top panels show representative LGN and cortical spatiotemporal receptive fields at low and high ends of the intervals considered. Plots (bottom) show cortical peak SF shift for various values of parameters for each age group. Each point corresponds to the mean taken from 100 simulations, and shaded regions enclose ±1 SEM away from the mean. Center-surround delays are taken from experimental data [2] (8, 12, 16 ms for adults, 8- and 4-week old kittens, respectively). (A) Cortical peak SF shift as a function of surround-center ratio. There was no cortical feedback in this set of simulations. (B) Cortical peak shift as a function of cortical feedback strength C. The spatial spread of the feedback a was fixed at 0.075. Surround-center ratios were 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 for adults, 8- and 4-week old kittens, respectively [2].
Allen EA, Freeman RD: Dynamic spatial processing originates in early visual pathways. J Neurosci. 2006, 26 (45): 11763-11774. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3297-06.2006.
Cai D, DeAngelis GC, Freeman RD: Spatiotemporal receptive field organization in the lateral geniculate nucleus of cats and kittens. J Neurophysiol. 1997, 78 (2): 1045-1061.
The author thanks Ralph Freeman for the suggestion of studying the developmental process, and Bartlett Moore for many helpful discussions.
Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
Jasmine A Nirody
Correspondence to Jasmine A Nirody.
Nirody, J.A. Modeling the development of coarse-to-fine processing in the central visual pathway. BMC Neurosci 14, P294 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-14-S1-P294
Spatial Frequency
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Visual Pathway
Mature Animal
Developmental Aspect


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Asako Narahashi at Pier 24 is the Daily Pic by Blake Gopnik
Another View of Fuji
The Daily Pic: Asako Narahashi revisits one of Japan's most famous images, and places.
Blake Gopnik
Updated Jul. 11, 2017 8:40PM ET / Published Aug. 20, 2013 6:02PM ET
(© Asako Narahashi, courtesy Rose Gallery, Los Angeles)
Once again from the Pier 24 photography space in San Francisco, this is a view of Mount Fuji from the surface of Lake Kawaguchiko, taken in 2003 by Asako Narahashi. Of course, the true subject of the work is its world-famous doppelganger, "The Great Wave off Kanagawa", woodblock printed by Katsushika Hokusai in about 1831. The differences matter as much as any likenesses. Hokusai shows us the disembodied view of a kind of omniscient narrator – an "omniscient looker", you could say – who seems to glimpse the struggling sailors almost by accident as he takes in distant Mount Fuji. (Shades of W.H. Auden's "Musee des Beaux Arts"). Whereas with Narahashi, we see the mountain through modern eyes immersed in the water but made impervious to it by technology. Water splashes onto the glass of the floating photographer's lens but has no effect; the sun's flare off the surface of the lake is forced to take on the hexagonal shape of the camera's aperture. Narahashi reflects on his culture's past, from its present.
For a full visual survey of past Daily Pics visit blakegopnik.com/archive.


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Q: warning: 'struct task_struct' "Declared inside parameter list will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration" I have the following piece of code:
File sched.h
   #ifndef __SCHED_H__
   #define __SCHED_H__
   #include <stats.h>
   truct task_struct {
       ...
       struct stats stat;
   };
   #endif

File stats.h
   #ifndef STATS_H
   #define STATS_H
   #include <sched.h>
   struct stats
   {
   ...
   };

   void initStats (struct task_struct* tsk);
   #endif

When I try to compile it gives me the following warning

warning: 'struct task_struct' declared inside parameter list will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration
17 | void initStats (struct task_struct* tsk);

I have seen similar questions posted, but I have not been able to fix the problem. I was wondering if the problem was because both files include each other. Any help would be appreciated : ).
Edit: I have changed a couple things in the code. Now, instead of using a task_struct as a parameter i am using a struct stats. But now the sched.h file cannot find the declaration of the struct stats. I have no idea on how this can be fixed. As the error the compiler gives me is different, I have posted a new question: Problem with declaration of structs in header files: "error: field 'stat' has incimplete type"

A: It seems that the previous declaration of the structure struct task_struct in the file scope is not visible at the point where the function is declared.
If so then in this function declaration
void initStats (struct task_struct* tsk);

the type specifier struct task_struct has the function prototype scope and is not visible outside the function prototype.
That is this type specifier is not the same as the type specifier
struct task_struct {
   ...
   struct stats stat;

};
declared outside the function prototype.
From the C Standard (6.2.1 Scopes of identifiers)

*

*...The same identifier can denote different entities at different points
in the program.

and

*...If the declarator or type specifier that declares the identifier appears
within the list of parameter declarations in a function
prototype (not part of a function definition), the identifier has
function prototype scope, which terminates at the end of the function
declarator

Here is a demonstrative program that reproduces the compiler message.
#include <stdio.h>

//  struct A;

void f( struct A );

struct A
{
    int x;
};

int main(void)
{
    return 0;
}

prog.c:5:16: error: 'struct A' declared inside parameter list will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration [-Werror]
 void f( struct A );
                ^

If to uncomment the forward declaration
//  struct A;

then the error message will disappear.


text:
Google powers its strategy with green IT thinking
Linda Rosencrance
Published: November 12th, 2007
If you took an arial tour of Google's Mountain view, Calif.-based headquarters, you'd find its eight rooftops covered with 9,212 solar panels.
But that's only the beginning. To reach its goal of creating 50 megawatts of renewable generating capacity for its operations by 2012, Google is looking into the use of various forms of renewable energy, including solar, wind, geothermal and fuel cells, said Robyn Beavers, director of green business and operations strategy at Google.
"We'll make sure we evaluate them all thoroughly and make the right choices that work for Google," said Beavers, who was at the Conference on Clean Energy in Boston this month to talk about Google's plans to become a more energy-efficient company.
"This past May we switched on our system, which is 1.6 megawatts of solar panels in our Mountain View headquarters campus," she said in an interview. "And we've also built two carport structures — shade structures over outdoor parking lots — and mounted solar panels over the tops of those. You can park underneath the solar panels and charge your hybrid vehicle from the sun."
In addition, Beavers said Google installed solar hot water modules that use the sun's energy to heat the water in its new office in Hyderabad, India. The solar modules will cover all the hot water usage in the entire office building, she said. The company also negotiated discounts with residential solar panel installers in California so it can offer discounts to Google employees who want to put solar panels on their own homes, she said.
"We try to encourage our employees to become more environmentally friendly in their own lives," Beavers said. "So we also offer employees a fuel-efficient vehicle incentive. If an employee buys an eco-friendly vehicle, we give them a rebate; the less gas an employee's vehicle uses, the more money they get, starting at $1,000 for a typical hybrid."
Google is also in the process of doing a massive energy-efficiency overhaul, which includes performing energy audits at all of its office buildings, she said.
"We're counting light bulbs, figuring out where we use electricity and how much, and then we make energy-efficient retrofits based on that data," Beavers said, such as replacing old fluorescent bulbs with more energy-efficient ones, she said.
"We'll change all of our lighting and use fewer bulbs, which will save money in electricity and help pay for the overall project," she said.
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text:
The Boston Spa hoard is a Romano-British hoard of 172 coins in a ceramic vessel found near Boston Spa in 1848.

Discovery and description
The hoard was found in Boston Spa in 1848 during the construction of foundations for a new building.

It comprises a ceramic grey ware jar and 172 silver denarii. The coins date from 211 BC to the reign of the Emperor Hadrian (AD 119–122). They are, thus, likely to have been deposited in the 2nd-century AD. The hoard was purchased by the Yorkshire Museum in 1880.

Public display
The hoard was loaned to Leeds City Museum in February 2022 as part of their exhibition on coin hoards titled "Money Talks". It was displayed alongside other hoards including the Cridling Stubbs Hoard and the Temple Newsham Hoard.

References

1848 in England
1848 archaeological discoveries
Archaeological sites in West Yorkshire
Collections of the Yorkshire Museum
Hoards from Roman Britain
Coin hoards
hoard