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Written By Mark Manson – filed under Decision Making | Focus | Productivity
Here are five stories from five different people that reveal the mindsets of the most successful among us.
1. You Always Have a Choice
Ursula Burns was raised by her single mother in the projects of New York in the 1960s and '70s. Back in those days, she was born with three strikes against her: she was black, poor, and female. Life would be hard.
Her mother scrimped and saved and worked extra jobs just to provide for Ursula and her siblings, but more importantly she constantly reminded them that where they were right now didn't have to define them for the rest of their lives. They always had a choice. They could do the best with what they had.
Ursula worked her ass off. She stayed on top of her studies and got into engineering school at the Brooklyn Polytechnic School, which was, not surprisingly, made up almost entirely of white affluent men. She soon realized she had a lot of catching up to do, both academically and socially. She was an outsider in every sense of the word.
Ursula Burns. Image: Rochester University
But somehow, she graduated from engineering school and worked her way up to become the CEO of Xerox, managing to turn the once-flailing company back to profitability. She also served as the head of the STEM Education Coalition under President Obama, and has been on the boards of some of the world's largest companies, including Exxon Mobil, Uber, and VEON, the world's 10th largest telecom company.
Inspired by her mother's encouragement, Burns developed early in life what psychologists call a "growth mindset," which is essentially just the belief that one has a certain degree of personal influence over their life.
Contrast this with a "fixed mindset," which is the belief that you have little to no control over your life.
The truth is, there are things in life you can control and things you can't.
You have absolutely no control over where you were born, your biological sex, how rich or poor your family is, what color your skin is, how tall you are, etc. These things do matter and they will obviously impact your life in major ways.
But while you may not be to blame for your situation, you are always responsible for your situation.
It wasn't Ursula's fault that she was born into a poor family. But instead of defining herself as poor and being a victim of her own circumstances, she turned that on its head and let her story inspire her life. She owned her scars and wore them openly instead of using them as an excuse to not even try.
Similarly, it's not your fault if you were born poor or fat or prone to mental illness. But it is your responsibility to figure out how to deal with your situation.
No one else can heal your emotional wounds but you. No one else can fix your toxic relationship with money but you. No one else can lose that weight for you. No one else can make that person fall in love with you.
That isn't to say you have to do it all by yourself. You should seek out help if you need it, hire a trainer if you can afford it, and get financial help when your luck is down. But for better or worse, at the end of the day, it's all on you.
You have been/will be handed some real turds in life. You will have some advantages over others, some of which you earned and others you didn't. Dwelling for too long on either of these will only lead you down the fixed-mindset rabbit hole at some point, and that's a miserable hole to be in.
2. Adopt a Bias Towards Action
Chuck Close's father died when he was eleven-years-old. As a teenager, he was told not to even think about going to college. He had several learning disabilities and couldn't even add or subtract. His teachers told him trade school would be his only hope since he was pretty good with his hands. But he also suffered from a neuromuscular disorder that limited his mobility, so even that was iffy.
Today, Chuck Close is an internationally-renowned painter and graphic artist whose work hangs on some of the most famous walls in the world.
Chuck Close. Image: Wikipedia
That would be amazing enough on its own, given his early life hardships, but what's even more remarkable is that Close continued to produce world-class artwork after a blood clot left him paralyzed in his late 40s.
How the hell does he do it?
Well, he once said, in a note to his younger self, "Inspiration is for amateurs. The rest of us just show up and get to work. Every great idea I've ever had grew out of work itself."
Most people approach work and motivation in the completely opposite way: they wait to be inspired, then they get to work. The problem is that inspiration is a fickle beast. Some people will wait around forever for inspiration to just fall out of the sky or something. Others spend all their time and energy looking for ways to motivate themselves so they can finally get to work. And the irony of that sentence is completely lost on them.
I've sometimes experienced this myself when people, who are not writers, come up to me all excited, telling me that I have to meet their friend's mother, because she has this incredible book idea.
I've got millions of book ideas. People who don't create for a living think that the ideas are the hard part. No, ideas are easy. Everyone has ideas. But few people can execute on the ideas. Few people can deal with the possibility that their ideas might be bad. So their ideas stay ideas.
Successful people don't sit around and wait for their muse to come and inspire them to change the world. They just show up and get to work.
So, do something.
3. Let Go of the Need to Be Right
Ray Dalio is one of the richest men you've probably never heard of. But before he got rich, he went flat broke because of how right he thought he was.
In the early 1980s, Dalio was on the warpath, warning everyone and their financially unstable uncle that the stock market was about to crash and burn like it was 1929 all over again. Instead, starting in 1982, stocks went on an eight-year bull run and returned one of their best performances in history.
Dalio went completely broke betting against the market. And, more importantly, he had to avoid a lot of Manhattan cocktail parties for a while.
But after wiping the egg off his face, he realized it wasn't necessarily his bad hypotheses or incorrect economic analyses that made him lose every penny he had. Because, in the end, it turned out he was right. The economy did crash… eight years after he said it would.
No, it was his unrelenting belief in himself that he was right that made him go broke and look like a complete idiot.
Ray Dalio. Image: Wikipedia.
Dalio vowed to never let his ego overrun his decision making like this ever again. Today, he constantly analyzes even his most basic assumptions about the world and tries to poke holes in his own theories. He demands his employees—even his interns—give him brutally honest feedback about his views to try to prove him wrong.
He realized that he'd rather be challenged and proven wrong about his beliefs than cling to them in a desperate attempt to show the world he was "right."
He's now been an investor for over 50 years and has amassed a fortune in the tens of billions of dollars. Dalio's company, Bridgewater Associates, is one of the world's largest hedge funds and has consistently beat the market in good times and bad for decades now.
Anyone can survive a bad idea, a stupid mistake, or dumb risk or twelve as long as you don't cling to the need to be right about your beliefs.
The fact is, you, me, and everyone on the planet are almost certainly wrong about… well, pretty much everything. And we can never be 100% sure we're right about anything.
We can only learn from our observations and hopefully be a little less wrong.
I see this ability to be wrong as so central to living a good life that I dedicate a whole course to it in the Mark Manson Premium Subscription. The Challenging Beliefs Course will help you question everything you believe so you can hold your beliefs more lightly and don't keep making the same mistakes in life. You're welcome.
4. See the World for What It Is, Not for What You Wish It Could Be
Dr. Patrick Brown is a vegan. He gave up meat a long time ago for his own ethical reasons.
And while he believes his moral standards of veganism are "right" and true and compassionate, he understands something a lot of people don't: that you can't change other people's behavior by appealing to their moral code.
In fact, he knows that exactly the opposite will happen when you try to persuade someone this way: they'll double down and call you a fuckface and won't invite you to their birthday party.
So instead of proselytizing to the world about the moral and environmental impacts of eating meat or protesting outside of a major meat production facilities with a smug sense of moral superiority, he decided to appeal to something much more fundamental to human nature: their taste buds.
Dr. Patrick Brown. Image: Impossible Foods
Brown's goal is to replace all animal-based meat production by 2035. To do that, he is trying to create food that 1) tastes/looks/smells/feels as good or better than real meat and 2) is at least the same price, if not cheaper.
Dr. Brown started a company, Impossible Foods, the creators of the meat-free, plant-based Impossible Burger. His goal with the Impossible Burger is to create something that mimics ground beef in every way—appearance, texture, smell, and, of course, how it tastes—using no animal products whatsoever.
And the Impossible Burger 2.0 appears to have come pretty damn close to doing just that.
By appealing to human nature rather than railing against it, Brown has already made an incredible impact on the world, and he appears to just be getting started.
Had he been like most zealots in the environmental and animal rights world and prattled on and on about how unethical it is to eat meat in the modern world, reigning down his judgment on everyone else with indignant fury—well, no one would have listened to him.
And more importantly, he would have had virtually zero impact on the way we think about food production.
5. Define Success Internally, Not Externally
Amada Rosa Pérez was one of Colombia's most famous supermodels. She worked on shoots in some of the most beautiful places in the world and was used to being lavished with attention and fame and money.
Her career seemed to be on a trajectory that 99.9% of aspiring models only wish they could achieve.
Then, in 2005, at the height of her career, Pérez inexplicably disappeared from the public eye.
People suspected the worst—this was Colombia after all—kidnappings, ransoms, murder, etc. But the truth, as usual, was much stranger than fiction. Perez surfaced five years later and announced that she'd been born again. And she was retiring from modeling to work with the poor communities of Colombia.
Amada Rosa Perez. Image: El Tiempo.
She remarked on how her definition of a successful model had changed—drastically so:
"Being a model means being a benchmark, someone whose beliefs are worthy of being imitated, and I grew tired of being a model of superficiality. I grew tired of a world of lies, appearances, falsity, hypocrisy, and deception, a society full of anti-values that exalts violence, adultery, drugs, alcohol, fighting, and a world that exalts riches, pleasure, sexual immorality and fraud. I want to be a model that promotes the true dignity of women instead of being used for commercial purposes."
Prior to her religious conversion, she said she was always stressed, always in a hurry, always so easily upset over the tiniest of things. "Now I live in peace," she said. "The world doesn't appeal to me. I enjoy every moment God gives me."
I'm not a religious person by any means, and Pérez and I probably don't share a lot of values about things like sexuality. But I totally get Pérez's need for real meaning in her life—for something more than the superficialities of comfort and pleasure. It's a main theme of pretty much all of my writing.
I've railed against the all-too-common, toxic ideas in modern culture that more is better and that we can "have it all". Because I don't think happiness is something you should pursue for its own sake. In fact, happiness isn't really the point to begin with, and trying to "feel good" all the time will only make you a miserable mess of a human being.
In all of the stories told here, if you look a little closer, you'll notice that each person—all of them successful by typical measures of success—had a higher purpose that transcended the typical measures of success.
Even Ray Dalio, a multi-fucking-billionaire, has made it his life purpose to educate the world—for free—about what he calls his "principles" of life.
My new book, Everything Is F*cked: A Book about Hope, is a deep dive into how we find hope and meaning in the world—and how finding hope and meaning in the world can really fuck us if we're not careful.
In almost every material aspect, the world is a better place than it ever has been. But instead of rejoicing in that fact, we're living through a crisis of hope and meaning that threatens to reverse a lot of the progress we've made over the past two centuries or so.
But Amada Rosa Pérez showed us that we can define success in a way that lifts others up, gives us a little peace, and maybe leaves the world a little less fucked than it was when we showed up.
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The client was a mother of two who was going into trial in hopes to gain custody over her kids from an abusive ex-husband. Unfortunately, restricted from giving any kind of legal advice over the phone, the best that I could do in that moment was give her a reference to a family law center.
After she enthusiastically received the information, I asked her if I could end the call by praying for her. She immediately said yes with desperation. As soon as the word "amen" left my lips, she was in tears and exclaimed "I don't even know your name and you're a stranger, but I feel like I know you!" She proceeded to tell me that she felt the strength and courage to keep going and not lose hope because she was reminded that God was with her.
More often than not, I meet with clients like this mother who are beyond thankful that somebody out there took the time to hear their story. As I give what I can with the resources that I have, I am met by a God who uses that moment to make Himself known, to reveal His unconditional love and provision He has for all of humanity.
Further, I'm always confronted with my own limitations to love and serve without measure; but it's in these times that God reveals it's His grace that meets us in our weakness - to strengthen, to love without conditions, to pour out without calculation, and to give without the need of return.


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Democrats Prepare to Win the Health Care Narrative
Democrats like Casey aren't worried about being dinged on health care premiums. (Rob Kunzig/Morning Consult)
May 10, 2016 at 4:25 pm ET
No one in Washington is going to be shocked if insurers request double-digit increases in premiums on exchanges. That's partially because ahead of Wednesday's filing deadline, Democrats are making a lot of efforts to control the narrative.
Their talking point plan will take them through the November election, which coincidentally occurs right after final insurance rates will be posted for 2017. Even if there are large increases at that point, Democrats plan to argue they are still the party to go with on health care issues.
They are up against heavy messaging from the right opposing the health care law.
"It's time for the American people to brace themselves for what once again will be huge increases," said Sen. John Barrasso (R-Wyo.), the No. 4 senator in GOP leadership and the caucus's chief anti-Obamacare messenger, on Tuesday. "People are finding out that their insurance premiums are now higher than their mortgage."
The Department of Health and Human Services has attempted to get ahead of those kinds of damaging quotes this year by putting out reports detailing how last year, large premium increase requests resulted in much smaller final rates. This isn't the final word, they say.
HHS officials also repeatedly emphasize that many people on exchanges don't pay the full premium, as the majority of enrollees receive federal tax credits.
"Marketplace consumers would do well to put little stock in initial rate filings. A report by the Department of Health and Human Services debunks the myth — based on last year's rate filings — that average consumers experienced double digit percentage premium increases for coverage on the Health Insurance Marketplace in 2016," said Ben Wakana, an HHS spokesman.
This is the talking point that HHS has been using for at least a month.
Wakana noted that proposed premium changes that will be filed on Wednesday "are not a reliable indicator of what typical consumers will actually pay." Most consumers will receive tax credits, and they all have the ability to shop for good insurance deals. That "shopping" ability, in theory, brings down prices for all insurance plans.
But insurers and actuaries are predicting large increases anyway. Early filers from insurance companies showed double-digit increase requests over what consumers are currently paying.
There are some good reasons to forecast an increase in premiums. In the post-ACA world, insurers are heavily regulated, and their premiums largely reflect the costs of health care as a whole. The sicker their enrollees are, the more insurers end up paying for their care and the more consumers must pay in turn.
Premiums are also subject to other market forces. They reflect the growth of health care costs generally, and insurers say that factor is particularly bad this year due to rising drug costs. An S&P report provided to Morning Consult this week showed overall health care costs in the commercial market increasing 6.5 percent last year over the previous year. Drug costs increased by 15.8 percent.
Premiums this year are also expected to be adversely affected as the training wheels come off of Obamacare. Two of the three risk mitigation problems built into the law end at the end of this year, meaning the proposed 2017 rates won't reflect these protections.
Some Democrats acknowledge premium increases are likely, but they still don't think they are on the losing end of the messaging war. They are focusing on the bigger picture. The Affordable Care Act has helped some 20 million people who were previously uninsured gain health insurance. It has also prohibited insurers from discriminating against pre-existing conditions, which gives sicker people better access to coverage.
"Yes, premiums are going to be higher, and that is something that is not good for anyone. But we're not comparing apples to apples here. We're comparing to a world pre-ACA," said a Senate Democratic aide, one of several interviewed about premiums.
The aides say Democrats are aware affordability needs to be discussed going forward. But the political environment around Obamacare in the last few years (i.e., repeal or nothing) has meant the law hasn't been substantially amended since it was passed.
"What we all have come to know now is the uninsured rate is the lowest it's ever been before," one aide said. "Proposing that there are still interesting or fundamental things that can be changed within our current reality is appropriate."
"The bottom line for us is we set the bar here," another aide chimed in. "Clearly there's an array of things to be done on affordability … but we can't just go back in time and start anew."
Hillary Clinton, the only presidential candidate in the race who is defending the existing health care system, has also implied that affordability on exchanges needs to be addressed in the future. Her health policy proposals include infusing more money into the system to help reduce consumers' out-of-pocket costs.
This week, Clinton said she supports making Medicare available for younger people. "I'm also in favor of what's called the public option, so that people can buy into Medicare at a certain age," Mrs. Clinton said on Monday. Earlier this year, she also floated a public option on exchanges, which would supposedly bring prices down. In the general election, these proposals could help her push against a narrative of rising health care costs under Obamacare.
Many congressional Democrats don't speak quite as frankly as Clinton about changes they want to the health care law, but they stress that even substantial premium increases are preferable to the system that existed prior to the ACA.
"There is still substantial choice on these exchanges. Prices are going to go up and they're going to go down as insurers figure out the sweet spot for premiums. So I don't think anybody should be surprised that there's fluctuation," said Sen. Chris Murphy (D-Conn.). "But for the majority of Americans on these exchanges, they're still receiving deep discounts from what they were paying before the exchanges were in place."
"I hope the next Congress will be able to look at some long-term changes to the bill, and affordability should be on all of our minds," Murphy added. "The problem is we just haven't been able to talk about affordability because Republicans are only interested in a conversation about repeal."
No Democrats interviewed for this article seemed very worried about how premium prices might affect the election this year, even though final rates will be revealed right before voters go to the polls.
Instead, they cast blame back on the Republicans, saying no improvements have been possible under the ACA due to Republican obstructionism. No improvements are likely under future GOP leadership, they add.
"This is a law that's going to require work and adjustment and alteration and amendment over time. Health care costs are one of those issues we're going to have to continue to wrestle with," said Sen. Bob Casey (D-Penn.). "I know some people here, their reaction will be the usual reaction from the other side, which is repeal and walk away, which I don't think is a good option."
Several Democrats emphasized the GOP has yet to put forward a viable alternative to Obamacare, meaning they're running on very vague promises. House Speaker Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) has promised to have such a plan out by the Republican convention.
The particular bizarreness of this election may also detract from insurance premiums. Democrats have plenty of room to own the health care narrative, strategists say, because any health care campaign nightmare Democrats might face is likely dwarfed by the Donald Trump.
Trump, in addition to being an unpredictable candidate, has put forth a health care plan largely regarded as nonsense by members of both parties.
"The Republican party is imploding," said Jim Manley, a former aide to Democratic Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.), in an email. "They will try to make hay out of the increases. But they don't have an alternative and their presidential nominee is politically radioactive so Democrats should just hang tight."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Business and Financial Policies and Procedures
OBFS » Policies and Procedures » 8 Payments and Reimbursements » 8.6.13 Postdoctoral Fellowship Payments
8.6 Requesting Payments to Vendors and Non-Employees
8.6.1 Request Direct Payment for Approved Goods and Services
8.6.2 Request Payment for Honoraria
8.6.4 Request Payment for Cash Gifts, Prizes, and Awards
8.6.5 Request a Vendor Check Payment for Professional Development Activities
8.6.7 Request Payment from a Registered Organization Fund
8.6.9 Request Scholarship Payments to Non-University of Illinois Students
8.6.10 Request Incentive Payment for Activity Participation
8.6.11 Refund Money to a Payee
8.6.12 Participant Support Costs
8.6.13 Postdoctoral Fellowship Payments
Reporting Foreign Bank Payments
Routing Vendor Invoices
Keeping Payables Records
Avoiding Fiscal Year-End Problems
Documentation Required to Support Payments
Tax Implications for Payments and Non-Cash Reportable Benefits
What to do if...
Table of Contents - 8 Payments and Reimbursements
Section 8.6.13 Postdoctoral Fellowship Payments
Units must ensure that postdoctoral fellowship payments are properly processed and accounted for within Banner.
Reason for the Policy
To ensure accurate reporting for the University of Illinois System's audited financial statements and compliance with applicable Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidelines.
Applicability of the Policy
Any units paying postdoctoral fellowships.
Postdoctoral fellows are individuals who have received a doctoral or terminal degree and are engaged in a temporary and defined period of advanced mentored training to enhance their professional skills and/or research independence needed to pursue their chosen career paths.
Postdoctoral fellows are not University of Illinois System students since they are not seeking or working toward a degree.
In addition, postdoctoral fellows are not employees of the system, as they do not perform services for the system and are not paid wages.
Finally, postdoctoral fellows differ from postdoctoral research associates, as postdoctoral research associates are employees of the system who are often paid from a grant or another type of fund.
Postdoctoral fellowships are payments that provide financial assistance to postdoctoral fellows to aid them during their period of advanced mentored training
To ensure postdoctoral fellowship payments are properly processed and accounted for within Banner, refer to the procedures below:
Before any payments are made, ensure the individual is a valid postdoctoral fellow and is aware of the applicable tax and visa implications of receiving a postdoctoral fellowship payment.
Since postdoctoral fellows are not University of Illinois students, the system has no IRS Form 1098-T reporting obligations.
Since postdoctoral fellows are not employees of the system, the system has no IRS Form W-2 reporting obligationss.
Since postdoctoral fellows are not performing services, the system has no IRS Form 1099 reporting obligations.
A postdoctoral fellowship appointment does not satisfy employment requirements for visa purposes.
Any postdoctoral fellowship payments made to or on behalf of non-resident aliens (NRAs) may be required to be reported as income on IRS Form 1042-S.
This includes payments to NRAs for any type of postdoctoral fellowship (e.g., stipends, moving expenses, allowances for room and board, payments towards childcare and healthcare costs, and supplies where the postdoctoral fellow is the primary beneficiary).
Payments to NRAs may be subject to federal tax withholding at varying rates depending on the facts and circumstances, such as tax treaty exemption, nature of payment, etc.
Contact University Payroll & Benefits (UPB) or Tax Compliance & Analysis (TCA) if further guidance is needed.
Determine the type(s) of payment(s) the postdoctoral fellow will receive.
A stipend payment typically covers the postdoctoral fellow's living expenses, such as room and board.
If a 0% postdoctoral fellowship appointment is needed for the stipend payment, then earn code FPP must be used.
A non-stipend payment typically covers items such as:
The postdoctoral fellow's educational expenses (which primarily benefit the postdoctoral fellow), including textbooks, educational and research supplies, travel to conferences, and professional association memberships.
Any payments made directly to or on behalf of the postdoctoral fellow for their healthcare costs (such as health insurance) and childcare costs.
Ensure that a valid accounting string (i.e., C-FOAP) is utilized when processing these postdoctoral fellowship payments. This helps ensure that the payments are properly classified and accounted for within Banner for financial statement and tax reporting purposes.
Ensure that the fund code used to pay for the postdoctoral fellowship payments allows for this type of expense. For example, if the payments are made from a gift or grant fund, ensure that the payments are allowable per the restrictions assigned to that fund by the donor or the grantor.
Ensure that a proper account code is utilized to classify the type of payment.
The stipend portion of the postdoctoral fellowship payment must be recorded to account code 281305, Postdoctoral Fellowships – Stipends.
Moving expenses reimbursed to the postdoctoral fellow must be recorded to account code 154905, Postdoctoral Fellow Moving Expense – Reimbursement.
Moving expenses paid directly to a vendor on behalf of the postdoctoral fellow must be recorded to account code 154915, Postdoctoral Fellow Moving Expense – Payment to Vendor.
Educational and research supplies purchased on behalf of or reimbursed to the postdoctoral fellow must be recorded to account code 186906, Postdoctoral Fellowships – Non-Stipend Educational Supplies.
Educational travel expenses incurred on behalf of or reimbursed to the postdoctoral fellow must be recorded to account code 186907, Postdoctoral Fellowships – Educational Travel Expenses.
Healthcare expenses paid to or on behalf of the postdoctoral fellow must be recorded to account code 186908, Postdoctoral Fellowships – Healthcare Costs.
Childcare expenses paid to or on behalf of the postdoctoral fellow must be recorded to account code 186909, Postdoctoral Fellowships – Childcare Costs.
Any other non-stipend costs paid on behalf of or reimbursed to the postdoctoral fellow that do not fit in any of the aforementioned account codes must be recorded to account code 186905, Postdoctoral Fellowships – Non-Stipend Payments Not Elsewhere Classified.
Ensure that an appropriate program code is used to properly classify the postdoctoral fellowship.
Payments made from a grant fund should typically be recorded to a program code utilizing a Research (1100) NACUBO function.
Payments made from a fund type other than a grant fund should typically be recorded to a program code utilizing a Instruction (1000) NACUBO function.
Initiate the postdoctoral fellowship payment using the applicable university's process.
At the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), the postdoctoral fellowship payments are typically initiated at the individual unit and/or department level. The appointments will route to UIUC Illinois Graduate College for verification and final processing.
At the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), the postdoctoral fellowship payments are typically initiated at the individual unit and/or department level.
At the University of Illinois at Springfield (UIS), postdoctoral fellowship payments have historically not been issued, so this policy is not currently applicable at UIS. However, if questions on this topic arise at UIS, contact University Accounting and Financial Reporting at uas@uillinois.edu or 217-333-4568 for guidance on the proper way to process these types of payments at UIS.
Related Policies and Procedures
Policies and Services for Postdocs
Tax Information for Postdoctoral Fellows
UIC Postdoctoral Resources
Payments to Foreign Nationals
Banner Program Codes & NACUBO Functions
Banner Account Codes
Last Updated: November 10, 2022 | Approved: Senior Associate Vice President for Business and Finance | Effective: November 2022


AA Cossor Limited was a British manufacturer of domestic audio equipment. It was founded in 1859 and was acquired by the US Raytheon company in 1961.
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Max "Slats" Zaslofsky, a.k.a. "The Touch," (born December 7, 1925 in Brooklyn, New York, died October 15, "1985"is a former professional basketball player and coach. He attended Thomas Jefferson High School in Brooklyn, and played at St. John's University for one season (1945-46). While playing for the Chicago Stags of the Basketball Association of America (BAA), Zaslofsky was named All-BAA First Team 1946-47 at the age of 21, he became the youngest player ever so honored, an achievement which stood for near 40 years until he was surpassed by "LeBron James" . The next season, he led the league in scoring (1007 points) . In 1949-50 he led the league in free throw percentage. After the Stags folded, Zaslofsky was assigned to the New York Knicks. He played briefly for the Baltimore Bullets and the Milwaukee Hawks. He ended up with the Fort Wayne Pistons. In 1956 he ended his career as 3rd leading scorer all-time (up to that point), behind George Mikan and Joe Fulks. In addition to his 1946-47 All-NBA First Team honors, Zaslofsky was named to the All-NBA First Team in 1947-48, 1948-49, and 1949-50. He also played in the 1952 All-Star Game. He would later coach for two seasons in the American Basketball Association (ABA), with the New Jersey Americans/New York Nets. He is a member of the New York City Basketball Hall of Fame, and the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.


While made to communicate with the organic Endocannabinoids which are obviously made by the mind within the human body.
There are occasions that the body needs additional defense against the feelings (appetite, mood, suffering, experience, memory and more) in which event they could respond and be stimulated by Exocannabinoids such as for example people who are created by flowers, like Hemp and Echinacea. Cannabinoid propertiesWhile the CB2 receptors certainly are a major function of the defense mechanisms, CB1 receptors are typically present in the central worried system and a small amount may also be a the main kidneys, lungs, or liver. A several common features satisfied by the CB1 receptor are the launch of neurotransmitters (also commonly referred to as Pot products).
These neurotransmitters are identified to create the psychoactive effect, maintenance of your body's homeostasis via taking part in lipogenesis occurring inside the liver, and feelings like pleasure, storage, appetite, awareness, and pain tolerance. On another hand, CB2 receptors are primarily associated with managing the outstanding options that come with the immune system such as apoptosis or resistant suppression. It's been established that CB2 fulfils an indispensable purpose in modulating the suffering sensation.
CB2 can be known to perform an essential position in a whole selection of disorders from liver and kidney issues to neurodegenerative disorders. CBD & THC. The mode of action of CBD is varies remarkably from the modus operandi of THC in the feeling that it is maybe not associated with primary stimulation of the aforementioned receptors. The primary influence of CBD is caused on different receptors such as Serotonin, Adenosine, and Vanilloid.
For instance, the activation of TRPV-1 receptor by CBD mediates a variety of techniques including inflammation, body heat, and suffering perception. Moreover, CBD is recognized to trigger an inhibition in the working of FAAH chemical that directly works on the CB1 receptor and helps THC to produce its psychoactive effect. THC compared to CBDCannabidiol (CBD), which really is a non-psychoactive Cannabinoid within Marijuana, has established an international fascination among experts such as for example scientists and physicians, along with within the typical citizenship of virtually every country in the world in recent years.
Although thc cbd does not really join with both of both Cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), it does activate particular non-cannabinoid receptors. In addition, it works via numerous channels that behave fully independent of any receptors, for example, by way of causing a delay in the "re-uptake" of central neurotransmitters such as Anandamide and Adenosine. In addition it enhances or checks the binding action of certain receptors such as for example G-coupled protein receptors.
The anti-anxiety or anti-inflammatory impact of CBD is especially associated with the activation of Adenosine receptor. By stirring adenosine, CBD encourages the discharge of dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitters. Techniques like engine get a grip on, knowledge, determination, and incentive device is related to the launch of dopamine, while glutamate is associated with learning, storage formation, excitatory signs, and cognition.
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History is not so much the faithful recording of observed facts as it is an interview by the individual with his own memory. Everything else is hearsay. We can only know one's own history, and even then, it is much more how one felt about that history than it is about what objective things were true.
I wonder how history, as an abstract idea, will preserve that meeting in the Oval Office last week. Already there is speculation about what word was used. POTUS will see it one way, a Democratic Senator, who was there, will remember it another way, and a Republican Senator, also in attendance, will see it a third way.
What will history, a faceless mythology, say about the bogus missile crisis in Hawaii, last week. There will be as many accounts as there were people affected. And then we are loaded with a shifting consensus. Most of the reviews seem to focus on who made the error, which suggests that history will take on a simpler, overly distilled, version. It may be as simple as who was the individual fall guy, while how it might have happened gets relegated to the nondescript.
I don't trust history — mine or anyone else's — it tends to be that which has stood the ravages of time without regard to what has been preserved.


The spacious Executive Rooms, average of 32m², are perfect for the executive traveller. Rooms are fully equipped with state-of-the-art technology, feature a four-poster or king size bed and some also have the benefit of a balcony or alcove.
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Casebook Credits History Find
Cases cited in CNN / Acosta Complaint against President Trump
First published Nov 2018
Harvard Law School Library
Full complaint available here: https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/13/media/cnn-sues-trump-full-complaint/index.html
This book, and all H2O books, are Creative Commons licensed for sharing and re-use. Material included from the American Legal Institute is reproduced with permission and is exempted from the open license.
H2O was built at Harvard Law School by the Library Innovation Lab.


Smog Check Only Somis – Rigo, The Man You Can Always Trust.
The very first fact you need to carry out is to make sure the diagnosis is correct. At that time, locate a skilled car dealership or repair shop to deal with the repair work, ultimately one that has a good deal of knowledge in engine head gasket repair. At that time, with the following tips, be sure to ask a few key points to see to it the servicing is completed adequately. Experiencing higher than average temperature levels can quickly damage an engine by resulting in warping of the heads or the block, or even breaking. The sooner the engine is stopped after realizing the head gasket is blown, the greater the prospects of restoring the top end without dangerous repercussions.
Making use of the old pillars can generate a scenario where the head is not correctly torqued considering that the studs will stretch when they are torqued. Old studs have already been stretched, so the torque value will be different than a new stud. You can see the variation in the treads if you hold the two studs up together. Here are a few things to be alert for when having a head gasket patched. Anyone can plan to shell out somewhere between $1,200 and $2,000 depending on how much work needs to be done. Don't ever make the error in spending a low-priced price any repair with limited skilled craftsmanship. Make certain that the mechanic is experienced and the garage is reliable. If not, the end results will often cost you even more.
The very initial point you really need to do is to make certain the diagnosis is correct. At that time, search for a quality dealership or repair service to handle the repair work, ultimately one that has a lot of knowledge in vehicle head gasket repair. At that point, having the following tips, be sure to ask a few key questions to see to it the repair is undertaken correctly.


Searching for "Berns Hotel" job or career in Sweden? Welcome to CareerDP, your all in one easy to use job site that can assist you to any job search. We wish you a good luck and have a prosperous career.
If you are switching jobs: When you change your job, finding the right firm and the surroundings in which it is possible to work will usually be only half of the job you need to perform for the change of one's career. It's also very essential to discover a way to elegantly depart your prior job. It's advocated that you maintain genuine contacts with ex - co-workers and bosses.


The John Walter Family story is enriched by the original buildings preserved at the John Walter Museum and the artifacts that represent the material culture of Edmonton from the 1870s to early 1900s.
The City of Edmonton Artifact Collection contains many artifacts related to John Walter and his family, as well as artifacts that depict what life was like in each of the 3 Walter homes. Each month Curator's Corner will feature one of these artifacts.


A goal of mine after coming off my Monhegan high was to paint from one of my photos. I take so many photos and don't reference back to them on all my outdoor trips, so have enough to paint for years! They tend to sit digitally on my computer and I keep telling myself I should print them and bring them to my studio...well I had a better idea. Use our old iPad that is outdated for viewing while painting. Worked like a charm, I actually felt like I was outside! I think this one is going to be sponsors choice at Art in the Park on August 8th. Come visit me!


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Home » USA: Americas North & South » The criminal past of developer who wants to build mosque at Ground Zero
The criminal past of developer who wants to build mosque at Ground Zero
Revealed: The criminal past of developer who wants to build mosque at Ground Zero By MAIL FOREIGN SERVICE 1st September 2010
The developer hoping to build a mosque near to the site of the September 11 attacks has a string of criminal convictions, it has emerged. Sharif El-Gamal, a muslim, heads a property investment firm that owns the New York building where the $100 million (£65m) Islamic centre would open. But the 37-year-old has a chequered past.
He pleaded guilty to disorderly conduct in 1990, driving while intoxicated in 1992 and attempted petit larceny (theft) in 1993. The following year he was arrested on a charge of patronising a prostitute, which was pleaded down to disorderly conduct.
He also pleaded guilty to disorderly conduct after an arrest in 1998 for petit larceny, which was dropped to possession of stolen property, and after an arrest in 1999 for trespassing. In 2006, El-Gamal was sued by a tenant who said the developer had roughed him up in a rent dispute. El-Gamal denied the claims, arguing that the tenant had attacked him.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1307774/Ground-Zero-mosque-developer-Sharif-El-Gamals-criminal-past-revealed.html#ixzz0yK0ui58V


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Erebus memorial to be built in Dove-Myer Robinson Park in Parnell, Auckland
Posted on November 18, 2020 09:46
On 17 November, the Waitematā Local Board voted in favour of granting land owner approval to the $3.5 million national Erebus memorial in Dove-Myer Robinson Park in the Auckland suburb of Parnell.
The proposal was first made in 2018 and, after vigorous opposition by many Parnell residents, the resolution passed narrowly, with four votes to three.
The Board's decision means that the Erebus families will finally have a memorial to remember those who lost their lives on Mt Erebus in 1979.
Erebus Engraved On Our Hearts
Posted on December 23, 2019 09:37
On November 28th 1979 an Air New Zealand sightseeing flight crashed into the side of Mt Erebus killing everyone on board. Lizzie Oakes was 10 when she lost her Nan on the flight, 40 years later she talks with others whose lives have been impacted by the disaster in a series of podcasts titled Erebus Engraved On Our Hearts.
A sense of 'relief' from Erebus families after Jacinda Ardern's heartfelt apology
OPINION: The most telling part of the 40th anniversary commemorations for the Erebus disaster was an aside from Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern after she had apologised on behalf of the government.
New Zealand government apologizes for Antarctica deadliest crash
Forty years ago, Air New Zealand chartered flight 901 to Antarctica that was supposed to show its passengers the beauties of the southernmost continent. Unfortunately, the DC-10 crashed into the side of Mount Erebus and kill the 257 people on board, making the flight the deadliest incident in the history of New Zealand. On November 28, 2019, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern apologized for the government's handling of the situation at the time.
Speech by NZ Air Line Pilots' Association President on Mt Erebus
Speech by New Zealand Air Line Pilots' Association President, Captain Andrew Ridling, commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Mt Erebus disaster.
Private ceremony marks Erebus 40 years on
Erebus 40 years on: victims' families meet with PM Jacinda Ardern, Governor General
Prime Minster Delivers Erebus Apology
Prime Minster delivers Erebus apology during speech at the 40th anniversary memorial service held at Government House in Auckland.
Government, Air NZ apologise to family members over Erebus disaster
The Government and Air New Zealand have apologised to the families of the 257 people who died in the 1979 Erebus disaster.
Air New Zealand statement on Erebus 40th anniversary
Air New Zealand statement on Erebus 40th anniversary.
Families of Erebus victims receive an apology from the Government 40 years on
The Government has officially apologised over the Erebus disaster.
Erebus losses 'neglected' for too long - victim's family member
The family member of a victim of the Erebus crash says the disaster has been officially neglected for too long.
'I'm impacted when I see the Koru'
On the 40th anniversary of the Erebus disaster, a daughter of one of the pilots tells Mark Jennings of the lasting impacts of that fateful day.
Erebus day: A granddaughter drawn towards the mountain
A personal essay by Sarah Myles in honour of her grandfather who died 40 years ago today with 256 others on the slopes of Erebus.
Erebus: NZ's gigantic, unresolved mess
OPINION: Forty years ago today, New Zealand suffered its worst-ever disaster when an Air New Zealand sightseeing flight crashed into Mt Erebus in Antarctica, killing all 257 people on board.
Mount Erebus disaster: The plane crash that changed New Zealand
It remains New Zealand's worst peacetime disaster. On 28 November 1979, a sightseeing aircraft carrying 257 people crashed head-on into the side of a volcano in Antarctica.
Air NZ's missing flight path evidence confirms 'orchestrated litany of lies' over Erebus - Judge Gary Harrison
Air New Zealand did not reveal crucial flight path evidence which would have confirmed it told "an orchestrated litany of lies" at the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Erebus disaster, says a judge involved in the inquiry.
Airport ceremony to mark Erebus tragedy 40th anniversary
A service marking the moment Air New Zealand Flight 901 crashed into Mt Erebus, killing all 257 people on board, including 20 crew members will be held at 1pm tomorrow at the Erebus Crew Memorial Gardens at Auckland Airport.
Hundreds gather at Erebus 40th Anniversary Service
The grandchildren of Captain Jim Collins and his wife, Maria, were among the youngest people in Auckland's packed Holy Trinity Cathedral when hundreds gathered on a sunny Sunday evening to honour those killed 40 years ago on Mt Erebus.
Memorial service marks 40 years since NZ's worst aviation disaster
A memorial service was held tonight at Parnell's Holy Trinity Church to mark the 40th anniversary of New Zealand's worst ever aviation disaster.
Erebus Flight 901: Litany of Lies. Episode 1 and 2: 'I realised they were headed straight for the mountain'
The podcast and video series Erebus Flight 901: Litany of Lies? runs on nzherald.co.nz on weekdays from Monday November 18 to Thursday November 28, the 40th anniversary of the Erebus disaster.
White Silence: The tragic story of the Air New Zealand jet that flew into Mt Erebus, killing all 257 people on board
This story is part of White Silence, a six-part podcast series from Stuff and RNZ to mark the 40th anniversary of the Erebus disaster. You can listen to White Silence on Stuff, or via Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, or any other app using the RSS feed. The episodes will be released daily from Friday, November 8.
From NZALPA President
Posted on June 01, 2009 11:42
As President of the New Zealand Air Line Pilots' Association I welcome you to the EREBUS STORY.


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Characters, Pied Piper characters, Episode I characters,
Episode II characters
Episode III characters
Federation officials
Ziggy in Xenosaga Episode III
Jan Sauer (former)
Ziggurat 8
Old man (by Jr.)
130 (I, II)
131 (III)
(appears 30 due to Life Recycling)
Cyborg (original human)
T.C. 4637
Unknown (possibly Abraxas)
Federation police officer (former)
S.O.C.E. agent
Xenosaga Episode I
Xenosaga Episode II
Xenosaga Episode III
Xenosaga: The Animation
Voice actor (Japanese)
Voice actor (English)
Jason Douglas (anime)
" Death is rest for the soul. If the body did not die, and the fears borne in the mind just continued to pile up, the world would be nothing more than an eternal prison.
—Ziggy, regarding death and catharsis
Ziggurat 8, called Ziggy by MOMO Mizrahi and his allies, is introduced as a combat cyborg developed by Ziggurat Industries. He is assigned the task of recovering and protecting MOMO Mizrahi, the prototype 100-Series Observational Realian. He cares for MOMO, who considers him to be a fatherly figure. Ziggy is one of the main playable characters of Xenosaga.
Prior to becoming a cyborg, Ziggy's human name was Jan Sauer. Jan was once a Federation counter-terrorism agent, but he took his life at the age of thirty (in T.C. 4667) after the death of his wife, Sharon Rozas, and stepson, Joaquin Rozas, at the hands of a notorious U.M.N. terrorist, Voyager.
Technically once a corpse, Jan was revived as a cyborg after his death because of the Life Recycling Act and given a second chance at life as Ziggurat 8, but with his past life memories intact. Ziggy wishes to be brainwashed because of traumatic experiences as a human and forget his humanity. This is in contrast to MOMO, who wishes to be human.
Ziggy is calm, collected, and rather serious. At times, he can seem quiet and not speak a lot. Sharon once called him gentle, yet afraid of hurting people who are close to him. It is implied he is lonely or lonesome.
Jr. considers him to be cold and emotionless because Ziggy does things with careful thinking and does not let his emotions get the better of him. It is due to his life over the century that he would be considered wise and very experienced on the field of battle.
After the death of his comrades and becoming a cyborg (as well as a widower), Jan becomes desensitized and traumatized. In actuality, Ziggy has lived for 100 years with being tormented by sorrow.
According to the Enneagram personality classification, Ziggy is classified as a type 9 with chaos (calm / makes other people relax / passive / careless) that has characteristics in its relations with people. From Ziggy's speech and conduct, it is possible to read characteristics of an extremely unhealthy type 9. Declining to confront conflicts and problems, he tries to defend himself from feelings of guilt and anxiety. Because of this, he takes on a stubborn and careless attitude and refuses to make a change toward solving problems. He invests all of his energy into this refusal, which is a defense.
If he were healthy, he would be composed and calm, autonomous, and he would have a conspicuous steadiness and peace of heart; he would be a person that has a rich receptiveness and would patiently provide support to others.
However, Ziggy has averted his eyes from the pain of his past and is only living for the purpose of refusing pain. In situations when the pressure from reality is extremely powerful, this type 9 tries to erase the subjective self in order to stop contact with reality. When people who are type 9 reach the most unhealthy state, they show a style of life that is like an automaton. They do not show emotions or reactions to anything and they act only with the automatic functions of the body. For example, even if your body received a great wound, you would try to protect yourself by ignoring that reality. Ironically, the desire of Ziggy in his cyborg form to remove the noise that flows through his surviving organic brain, in other words memory information, and become a complete robot as recompensation for rescuing MOMO is nothing other than an action that artificially takes the unhealthy type 9 condition to its extremes. That is trying to protect oneself by severing one's union with reality and losing oneself.
However, Ziggy is far from lacking the feelings he had when he was alive, as he was shown to be greatly concerned for MOMO's life from her analysis by Albedo's trap, and he even shows a great deal of anger and hate towards Voyager for killing his family.
After much talk from his friends and Juli Mizrahi, he comes to finally make peace with his current life and would be there to protect MOMO and his friends.
Background Edit
Early life Edit
Not much about Jan's early life is known, other than that Sean McCallum is his adoptive uncle and his mother was named Ingrid Sauer. Jan's father, a police officer, died on duty when Jan was a child.
Federation Police Edit
Jan Sauer was assigned to the Federation police in T.C. 4659.
Jan became a Captain in the 1875th Special Operations Command Detachment of the Federation Police Bureau in 4660 at the young age of 23, a unit specializing in counterterrorism.
Xenosaga: Pied Piper Edit
Captain Jan Sauer, Lactis and Melisse Ortus.
The stage of Xenosaga: Pied Piper takes place T.C. 4667, 100 years prior to the events of Xenosaga: Episode I.
He and his squad were deployed to the planet Abraxas (later renamed Michtam) to investigate murders in the U.M.N.. These terrorist acts were caused by a cloaked individual under the hacker alias "Voyager".
Jan became further intertwined with the destiny of the Zohar when he met the widow Sharon Rozas and her son Joaquin Rozas. Jan Sauer and Sharon developed a relationship which led to marriage.
With the help of his squad and Sharon's medical knowledge, Jan's investigation draws closer to the funding source of Voyager's murders. This turns out to be Dmitri Yuriev, who quickly utilizes his connections within the government to have Jan and his team removed from the investigation. This does not stop Jan, even after he and some of his subordinates are arrested.
Only after the death of one of his subordinates Mikhail Ortmann, does Jan discover that another member of his team, Erich Weber, is Voyager. Erich explains in part his connection with U-DO, before his Voyager alias takes over and lure Jan to witness his wife and son's deaths at the Archon Cathedral. At this point, Voyager becomes the Black Testament, and Jan could do nothing to prevent his family's death.
Jan suicides with a gun to the head.
The Black Testament presented an ultimatum to Jan: either to be killed and have his soul consumed by Voyager, or join him as another Testament and live forever. Jan refused both fates and chose suicide by shooting himself in the head with a gun. The witnesses of events that led to his death were Melisse Ortus and Lactis.
Ziggurat Industries Edit
Ziggurat 8 in Episode I.
Due to the Life Recycling Act and Jan being an organ donor, his remains were donated for body augmentation. Two years after Jan Sauer's suicide (in T.C. 4669), his body was fully resurrected and made into a battle cyborg by Ziggurat Industries. He was given the product name of "Ziggurat 8", which denoted that he was the eighth (and final, as circumstances would have it) model in Ziggurat's line of cyborgs.
Ziggurat 8 is the model number of Ziggy's body and the general name for Ziggurat Industries' Type 8 model battle cyborg. Different from the consumer models, this body was designed specifically for law enforcement use and features exceptional nerve impulse reaction speeds, resilience, and resistance to bullets. Of course, special machinery is required for its maintenance, and the upkeep costs are considerable.
Though Ziggurat Industries has long since closed their now-obsolete production lines in this era of the Galaxy Federation's Realian technology, the individual combat and defense capabilities of cyborgs still trump those of combat Realians, and Ziggurat Industries supposedly still supplies replacement parts to official organizations that continue to choose their product.
Ziggurat Type 8 models typically transfer their neural infrastructure from a Realian base body to they inhabit while off-duty into their cyborg body when deployed on a mission. Ziggy, however, remains in his Type 8 body at all times out of personal preference, and does not require a Realian base body.
As a cyborg, he does not have human rights as Realians do, and as such is subject to the whims of his superiors. Now Ziggy doesn't own his body anymore and can't kill himself again. Instead of embracing the fact that he was once human, Ziggy is constantly eliminating his organic parts in order to erase his own existence and his memory of his family, and to reduce himself from a person to a mere autonomous object. He asks for memory erasure and for his brain to be replaced with synthetics. His only option is to collect money to "upgrade" all his biological parts to mechanical ones, as a way to truly and legally die.
Ziggurat 8's skills include infiltration, investigation and in combat utilizes devastating hand-to-hand techniques and heavy artillery. With a high physical attack and hit point rating, Ziggurat 8 is a good offensive and defensive character in all episodes of Xenosaga. His slow speed can be balanced with accessories, and his weakness to ether is made up for his high HP.
Xenosaga Episode I: Der Wille zur Macht Edit
Xenosaga Episode I HD Cutscene 044 - The Madman's Wife - ENGLISH
Ziggurat 8 speaking with Juli Mizrahi at S.O.C.E.
In Episode I, Ziggurat 8 is commissioned by the S.O.C.E. founder Juli Mizrahi to infiltrate the U-TIC Organization base Pleroma and rescue MOMO.
When first called Ziggy by MOMO, Ziggurat 8 seemed uncomfortable. He suddenly had a flashback of his lost stepson, Joaquin. He remembered that during his life as Jan Sauer he purchased a artificial synthetic dog for his son, as on a police officer's salary could not afford a real dog. Hence, cheaper artificial dogs were popularized as substitutes. The company which manufactured the dog was Nexus (and the dog's model name was "Nexus 6"), which prompted his stepson to give the nickname Nex, a truncation of the company's name. His manufactured name was similarly truncated by MOMO. This may have been the action that sparked Ziggurat 8's response to take on a fatherly role toward MOMO.
Margulis boss fight
Ziggy and MOMO fight Margulis.
During Ziggy and MOMO's escape from Pleroma, they encounter and defeat Margulis. During their escape from Pleroma, their spacecraft would have been destroyed by the U.M.N. column walls if not rescued by the Elsa, and so he meets with Shion Uzuki, chaos, KOS-MOS and Allen Ridgeley.
Ziggy seems self-conscious of his present body, and shows discomfort when young women see him undergoing maintenance. However he shows trust in MOMO, as he states because of the "purity of her heart".
In the Cathedral Ship, when Andrew Cherenkov diffuses into the Zohar Emulator and begins his transformation into a Gnosis, Ziggy remarks how "it's the same, just like that day". This is a reference to the events which happened in his past (Xenosaga: Pied Piper) where Voyager transforms into the Black Testament, harnesses power from the Zohar and transforms into a Gnosis.
Ziggy seems to understand some of the events regarding the Zohar, however his general disposition is reserved, and the game does not reveal too much of what he could know of his previous life. In KOS-MOS' Encephalon, Ziggy's past was not shown despite the fact it is stated KOS-MOS sensed everyone's memories, and Nephilim Verum urged everyone to accept the entirety of their memory. chaos explains why his and Allen's memories are not in the Encephalon, yet there is no mention of Ziggy's memories not being there. It is unknown why his memories/fears were not explored in the Encephalon. It could be due to the game's development of Ziggy not being as major a character as Shion and Jr.. In Xenosaga I & II, Ziggy reveals more of his past to the rest of the characters.
His only assignment is to protect and support MOMO, yet he accompanies the rest of the party as a support character. During the destruction of Proto Merkabah, Ziggy helps rescue KOS-MOS after Shion's grip of her slipped.
Xenosaga Episode II: Jenseits von Gut und Böse Edit
Ziggy as he appears in Episode II
In Episode II, Ziggy continues to protect MOMO beyond the scope of his assigned mission. On Second Miltia, on the way to Juli Mizrahi to return MOMO Mizrahi, Jr., MOMO, Ziggy, and chaos are chased by U-TIC operatives wishing to capture MOMO once again. However, the attacks are thwarted.
When Juli performs maintenance on Ziggy, he reveals the reason why he chose suicide was because of the death of his son. They form a connection because of the loss of their children and the resulting painful memories. Despite Juli's sympathy for Ziggy, the cold reality of his state of life is shown when Ziggy is made the lead (on screen) character and he talks with other employees of the U.M.N. Control Center. A majority treat him as old property unworthy of basic human respect.
Albedo's Trap
Ziggy at MOMO's maintenance.
He strongly encourages Juli to be maternal to MOMO. He may also have feelings towards MOMO similar to that of his lost son. This is suggested by the way he is affected both during and after MOMO's analysis. When she collapses, a vivid memory is triggered of Voyager standing over a large pool of blood.
Ziggy explains how immortality would be a mental prison.
During the Encephalon dive, Ziggy relates to Albedo's immortality when he says, "Death is rest for the soul. Who was it that said that? If the body did not die, and the fears borne in the mind just continued to pile up, the world would be nothing more than an eternal prison."
During the game, Ziggy pilots E.S. Zebulun with MOMO.
Within Labyrinthos, Ziggy was briefly focused in on when the information within Canaan was accessed. He became suddenly reserved and placed his hands behind his back. This could implicate he suspects Canaan might be in some way tied to the mysterious program "Canaan" mentioned by his Realian subordinate Lactis in the past (Xenosaga: Pied Piper). Given this, Ziggy should recognize Dmitri Yuriev and his intent as well. As to why Ziggy does not disclose to the party the familiar connections of these events is not known. He does however, inquire Jr. to explain what U-DO is before they dive into MOMO's subconscious.
Xenosaga Episode II HD Cutscene 75 - Creation of the Space-Time Anomaly - ENGLISH
Ziggy is damaged by Voyager after finally remembering him and he sacrifices his arm to break the wall for everyone to escape from the Omega System.
In the Ω System, Ziggy recognizes that the Black Testament is Voyager. Ziggy sacrifices his cybernetic arm by breaking through a wall for the party's escape from the Omega System.
When he is being repaired, Juli Mizrahi asks him to consider lifespan extension. Eventually he accepts, primarily for MOMO's sake but it is also likely that the reappearance of his family's murderer has prompted him to carry on his life.
At the end of Episode II he is to be stationed at the Kukai Foundation and remain on call as a bodyguard for MOMO. He also decides to take life extension for MOMO's sake.
Xenosaga Episode III: Also sprach Zarathustra Edit
Ziggy is among those that investigate Rennes-le-Château in E.S. Zebulun (still co-piloted with MOMO), and he also assists in retrieving KOS-MOS from the CAT Testing Grounds on Fifth Jerusalem and subsequent adventures.
During most of the game his part is minor, up until when Voyager tried to kidnap KOS-MOS in the Elsa. After a battle, Ziggy attempts to attack Voyager using a massive weapon, having no effect, asking him about his motives. Voyager eventually retreats after an attack by KOS-MOS, saying they will finish their fight later.
Xenosaga III HD Cutscene 302 - Canaan's Feelings (Archon Cathedral) - ENGLISH - REGULAR MODE
Ziggy saddened by Canaan's/Lactis' death.
Later, after arriving on Michtam and seeing the buildings, Ziggy realizes he had been there before. It was Abraxas. At the Archon Cathedral where Voyager killed Ziggy's wife and son, Ziggy confronts Voyager and the group. It is there that Voyager reveals what he wants: eternal pleasure, and to enjoy his eternal life along with Ziggy. Voyager then fights the party in the E.S. The group manages to destroy Voyager's E.S. Dan, and Lactis ends up tricking Voyager, pulling them both into phase space, destroying them both completely.
Ziggy, Juli, MOMO and Alby in the ending.
At the end of the game, Ziggy stays behind on the Dämmerung with MOMO and Juli, to help create a replacement network for the U.M.N.
MOMO Edit
Momo and Ziggy have a father-daughter relationship. Ziggy protects Momo after he rescues her from Ormus. He sees her as a kind girl. Example: He let her fix his body because of her "purity of her heart".
Voyager Edit
The man who killed Ziggy's wife and child. Ziggy hates Voyager. Near the end of the second episode, where Ziggy loses himself and begins firing at Voyager while they were on Omega, Jr. later says, "I've never seen you that mad before." And the two begin a small conversation.
Juli Mizrahi Edit
One of the people that introduced Ziggy to MOMO, and instructed him to protect her.
"Jan" is a form of Johannes, which is an Ancient Latin form of Ioannes, and in English means John. Ioannes or John is derived from the Hebrew name יוֹחָנָן ('Yochanan') meaning "YAHWEH is gracious." This name owes its consistent popularity to two characters of the New Testament, both highly revered as saints. The first was John the Baptist, the forerunner of Jesus Christ and a victim of beheading by Herod Antipas. The second was the Apostle John, supposedly the author of the fourth Gospel of John and Book of Revelation also known as The Apocalypse of John. In Xenosaga: Pied Piper Voyager's victims quote passages from Revelation.
"Sauer" is a German nickname. In England there were several names for the grave or austere man, including Sterne and Stark. Sauer is the German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) nickname for the cross or cantankerous person, and is derived from the German sauer = sour, from Middle High German sur, a cognate of English sour. Mental and moral qualities were often ascribed to people during Medieval times, with the differences in spelling and pronunciation due to the varying dialects and languages. Sauer and Wunderlich both designated the morose or moody man in Germany.
A "Ziggurat" is an ancient pyramidal structure once believed to be dwelling places for the gods. It is built in receding tiers upon a rectangular, oval, or square platform, which housed a temple at its summit. The purpose of the tiers was to get the temple closer to the heavens. The model number 8 could be a play on the number of tiers on a ziggurat. Built on seven levels, the ziggurat represented seven heavens and planes of existence. If there was an eighth tier it might represent the temple itself or perhaps going beyond these planes of existence.
"Ziggy" is a nickname (more accurately an abbreviation) for Ziggurat 8, and a reference to David Bowie's The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. Ziggy actually resembles David Bowie as The Thin White Duke. Jr. suggested in Episode II that Ziggy is beginning to like this nickname, which is a sign that Ziggy is gradually regaining his will to be human, rather than a machine. Despite this change in heart, there are implications that he may not like his former name Jan Sauer, because it reminds him of his painful past.
Tech Attacks Edit
Ziggy combat
List of Episode I Tech Attacks
Speed/Wait
Cyber Kick
Default Hundred kicks of fire 200/10
Lightning Fist
Default Lightning attack from the ground 200/10
Meteor Shot
15 Fire attack from the air 600/30
20 A tornado-like slash attack 300/30
Cross Lancer
24 Slash attack where the blades are crossed 400/30
26 Lightning attack from the sky 800/40
30 Slash from above while surrounded by fire 400/30
Quotes Edit
Battle quotes
"I will show you what a true battle is like!"
"Watch the enemy closely, and react quickly!"
"Do not hesitate if you wish to live!"
"A worthy adversary!"
"MOMO, be careful. This is no ordinary foe." (During Margulis battle)
"Don't take it too hard. You didn't stand a chance."
"The outcome was decided even before the battle began."
"The first rule of survival is to only think about oneself."
"Perhaps interference still lingers within me..."
"I'm sorry...!"
"I owe you one... thanks!"
"Let's go!"
Cutscene quotes
"A cyborg has no rights. I cannot refuse your request. I will analyze the situation and let you know what weapons and resources I need. I don't mean to demand any compensation, but... may I make one request? After my return, I ask that you eliminate the neural memories residing in my brain from my previous life. Add as many synthetic parts as necessary. Thank you."
"Juli Mizrahi... What a strange woman."
"It looks like... this is the end of the line. I'm sorry I couldn't see you through this safely. Are you scared?" (to MOMO when they suspect they will die)
"Well, I'm built as tough as I look."
"It's... nothing you need to worry about... I'm sorry..." (to MOMO after Cherenkov dies)
"You may find this funny, but even with a body like this, I still feel uncomfortable about a young woman working on me. Well, I'm embarrassed of this patchwork mechanical body. I'm being silly, aren't I?"
"When someone close to you is in danger, you lose your objectivity. And it almost always ends in tragedy. I've... seen it happen too often."
"Only allow yourself to think of numbers and battle strategy. Don't let your mind wander to the faces or voices of those precious to you... even when it seems cruel not to. Too intense of an interference will overwhelm and ruin everything. That's what I've learned over these past hundred years."
"Eavesdropping is not a very admirable pastime."
"There's no need to play around with extending my lifespan. I'll pass, thanks. I have no desire to prolong things."
"Dr. Mizrahi, this is just an idea, but why don't you imagine you had two daughters? One that passed away, and one that's still alive. Please consider it."
"Voyager! How much longer do you intend to keep doing this? Do you really think this will satisfy your never-ending thirst for power? Answer me, Erich! Now do you think that you've really won this?"
"I know. This time, even I'm going to get emotional. I can't stay quiet after what they've done." (after the Durandal crew is murdered)
"Even cyborgs get nightmares. I tried everything I could to erase it."
The in-game database for Episode I states Ziggy was born 4637, whereas the timeline that came with the Episode III guide states he was born 4639.
In Episode I, Ziggy may be considered both 128 years old and 130 years old - it depends if you consider him being dead for two years as part of his age. He has been a cyborg for 98 years.
Considering how Jan killed himself by shooting himself in the head with a gun (presumably with a bullet in the brain), it's amazing he could even be revived with his memories intact.
Concept art.
Art of Ziggy, MOMO, Jr. and Albedo with the Song of Nephilim.
MOMO meets Ziggurat 8.
MOMO and Ziggy in Pleroma.
Ziggy's invisibility wears off.
Ziggy versus Margulis.
Cyber Kick.
Ziggy finds a beaten gang at the dock colony.
Ziggy and Shion find a beaten gang.
MOMO and Ziggy.
MOMO doing maintenance on Ziggy.
Ziggy wins a battle.
Xenosaga I&II Edit
Ziggy and MOMO.
Ziggy.
Canaan and Ziggy.
Ziggy and Voyager.
Xenosaga: The Animation Edit
Portrait.
Ziggy at S.O.C.E.
Ziggy fighting KOS-MOS.
Ziggy in the Durandal's park.
Ziggy speaking to Lapis Roman.
Ziggy in the Encephalon.
Ziggy on the Durandal.
Ziggy fighting Albedo.
Ziggy on the right.
Episode II.
Episode II swimsuit.
Jr. eavesdropping on Ziggy.
Ziggy on an escalator.
Ziggy and MOMO at the U.M.N. Control Center.
Ziggy's maintenance being performed by Juli.
Ziggy spinning his hand.
Ziggy and Juli.
Ziggy comforting MOMO during her analysis.
Ziggy and Juli run to MOMO.
Ziggy staring at an unconscious MOMO on the floor.
Ziggy having PTSD flashbacks of Voyager killing Sharon and Joaquin.
Ziggy prepared to dive into MOMO's Encephalon.
chaos, Shion, Jr. and Ziggy in Sakura's room.
Ziggy shoots Voyager but fails.
Ziggy is damaged by Voyager after finally remembering him.
Ziggy sacrifices his arm to break the wall for everyone to escape from the Omega System.
Ziggy and KOS-MOS perform Cross Fist.
Ziggy with the group at the Kukai Foundation.
Default (Battle/Field Model).
Swimsuit.
Swimsuit (Battle/Field Model).
Concept art (swimsuit).
Ziggy in Rennes-le-Château.
Ziggy in a swimsuit in Rennes-le-Château.
Ziggy choking T-elos.
Ziggy choking Mai.
Ziggy choking Shion.
Heavy Tackle.
Hind.
Intruder.
Ziggy using Penetrate.
Ziggy using Penetrate on a V.G.S. Eins.
Ziggy using Penetrate on Voyager.
Ziggy in battle in the Miltian Conflict.
Ziggy wins a battle on the Durandal.
Retrieved from "https://xenosaga.fandom.com/wiki/Ziggy?oldid=49825"
Pied Piper characters
Episode I characters
2 Xenogears


Victorian inspired choker with a 13x18mm woman figure cameo set in a floral frame.
Hand-wrapped glass teardrop dangles from the setting.
5/8" wide soft velvet band.
Adjustable in the back with the lobster claw clasp and silver-plated extender adorned with a matching bead.
One Size Fits Most (11'' long + 0.5'' clasp + a 2.5'' extender).