A communication interface apparatus is provided for use with a handheld medical test device. The communication interface apparatus is comprised of an attachment member configured to detachably couple to a housing of the medical test device, where the attachment member substantially overlays a rear side of the medical test device. The communication interface apparatus houses an infrared receiver, a secondary transceiver and a controller. The infrared receiver is arranged such that its input port aligns with an output port of an infrared transmitter in the medical test device when the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device.
1. A communication interface apparatus for use with a handheld medical test device having an infrared transmitter, comprising: an attachment member providing an enclosure and configured to detachably couple to a housing of the medical test device, where the attachment member substantially overlays a rear side of the medical test device; an infrared receiver residing in the enclosure and configured to receive data wirelessly in accordance with a first communication protocol from the infrared transmitter of the medical test device, where an input port of the infrared receiver aligns with an output port of the infrared transmitter in the medical test device when the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device; a secondary transceiver residing in the enclosure and configured to transmit data wirelessly in accordance with a second communication protocol, where the first communication protocol differs from the second communication protocol; a controller residing in the enclosure and that operates in a low power mode, wherein the controller is configured to periodically transition from the low power mode to a normal mode, and interacts with the infrared receiver in the normal mode to receive data from the medical test device, where the communication interface apparatus consumes more electric power in the normal mode than the low power mode; and a power source residing in the enclosure and interfaced with the controller.
2. The communication interface apparatus of claim 1 wherein the attachment member defines a top edge, a bottom edge and two opposing side edges extending along a planar body between the top edge and the bottom edge, and includes two clip portions, where each clip portion extends outwardly from an opposing side edge of the attachment member and is configured to clip to an outer side surface of the medical test device.
3. The communication interface apparatus of claim 2 wherein the attachment member further includes an overhang portion extending outwardly from a top edge of the attachment member and overlays a portion of a top side of the medical test device when the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device, wherein the overhang portion encases the infrared receiver and the input port of the infrared receiver faces the top side of the medical test device.
4. The communication interface apparatus of claim 3 further comprising a visual indicator residing in the overhang portion and electrically connected to the controller, wherein the visual indicator is illuminated while data is transmitted between the medical test device and the communication interface apparatus.
5. The communication interface apparatus of claim 2 wherein the planar body of the attachment member defines a longitudinal axis extending between the top edge and the bottom edge of the planar body, and the planar body is shaped such that the longitudinal axis is parallel with a horizontal surface upon which the attachment member rests and while the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device.
6. The communication interface apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a power switch electrically interconnected between the power source and the controller, wherein the power switch is accessible outside of the enclosure to selectively power on and off the communication interface apparatus.
7. The communication interface apparatus of claim 1 wherein the secondary transceiver transmits data in accordance with IEEE 802.15 wireless communication standard.
8. The communication interface apparatus of claim 1 wherein the infrared receiver and the secondary transceiver are powered down in the low power mode and powered up in the normal mode.
9. The communication interface apparatus of claim 1, comprising: an attachment member having a planar body that defines a top edge, a bottom edge, two opposing side edges extending between the top edge and the bottom edge and an enclosure therein, wherein the planar body of the attachment member defines a longitudinal axis extending between the top edge and the bottom edge of the planar body and the planar body is shaped such that the longitudinal axis is parallel with a horizontal surface upon which the attachment member rests while the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device; an infrared receiver configured to receive data wirelessly in accordance with a first communication protocol, where the infrared receiver is arranged in line-of-sight with an infrared transmitter in the medical test device when the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device; a secondary transceiver configured to transmit data wirelessly in accordance with a second communication protocol that differs from the first communication protocol; a controller interfaced with the infrared receiver and the secondary transceiver and operable to convert data between the first and second communication protocols; a power source interfaced with the controller; a power switch electrically interconnected between the power source and controller, where the power switch is actuatable by a user to selectively power on and off the communication interface apparatus; two clips that extend outwardly from opposing side edges of the attachment member and configured to clip to an outer side surface of the medical test device, such that the attachment member substantially overlays a rear side of the medical test device when the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device; and an overhang portion extending outwardly from a top edge of the attachment member and overlays a portion of a top side of the medical test device when the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device, wherein the overhang portion encases the infrared receiver and the input port of the infrared receiver faces the top side of the medical test device.
10. A system comprising a communication interface apparatus according to claim 1, and a handheld medical test device having an infrared transmitter.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the housing of the medical test device is formed by an upper shell and a lower shell coupled together and forms a groove where an edge of the upper shell abuts against an edge of the lower shell, and each clip portion of the attachment member of the communication interface apparatus includes a tongue that is received in the groove to create a tongue-and-groove joint when the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device.
12. A kit for interfacing with a medical test device, comprising a communication interface apparatus of claim 1 or a system of claim 10, and a communication hub that plugs into a AC power source and is configured to communicate data wirelessly with the secondary transceiver of the communication interface apparatus.
13. The kit of claim 12, comprising: a communication interface apparatus configured to detachably couple to a housing of a medical test device and includes an attachment member having a planar body that defines a top edge, a bottom edge, two opposing side edges extending between the top edge and the bottom edge and an enclosure therein; two clips that extend outwardly from opposing side edges of the attachment member and configured to clip to an outer side surface of the medical test device, such that the attachment member substantially overlays a rear side of the medical test device when the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device; an infrared receiver configured to receive data wirelessly in accordance with a first communication protocol, where the infrared receiver is arranged in line-of-sight with an infrared transmitter in the medical test device when the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device; a secondary transceiver configured to transmit data wirelessly in accordance with a second communication protocol that differs from the first communication protocol; a controller interfaced with the infrared receiver and the secondary transceiver and operable to convert data between the first and second communication protocols; and a communication hub that plugs into a AC power source and is configured to communicate data wirelessly with the secondary transceiver of the communication interface apparatus.
14. The kit of claim 12 wherein the communication interface apparatus operates in a low power mode and periodically transitions from the low power mode to a normal mode that consumes more electric power than the low power mode, wherein, upon transitioning to the normal mode, the controller interacts with the infrared receiver to query the medical test device and wherein, upon failing to receive a response to the query from the medical test device, the communication interface apparatus transitions back to the low power mode, and wherein, upon receiving a response to the query from the medical test device, the controller interacts with the infrared receiver to transmit a request for test results to the medical test device.
15. The kit of claim 14 wherein, in response to receiving a test result from the medical test device, the controller interacts with the secondary transceiver to transmit the test result to the communication hub.
 The present disclosure relates to a communication interface apparatus for a handheld medical device having an infrared communication link.
 Oral anticoagulation therapy is necessary if a patient has an artificial heart valve, or if they are affected by atrial fibrillation or thrombotic diseases. For patients receiving oral anticoagulation therapy with warfarin, it is important that the dosage is exactly right. The patient's level of coagulation requires regular monitoring, as patients react differently to warfarin, and several factors may interfere with the drugs such as food and other medications. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is a standardized method of measuring the rate at which blood coagulates. It is very important that patients stay within their target INR range. If a patient's INR is too low, the risk of blood clots increases. If a patient's INR is too high, the risk of internal bleeding increases.
 Properly trained patients and/or caregivers are capable of performing reliable INR testing using the patient self-testing model. Handheld blood clot testing meters have enabled patients to implement self-testing. For these patients, self-testing is cost effective and leads to outcomes at least as good as standard INR testing in a specialized clinic. Handheld blood clot testing meters are a sub-category of handheld medical test devices. Other handheld medical test devices are known, like handheld blood glucose meters, lipid testing meters or cardiac marker testing meters.
 Despite the success of self-testing, it remains inconvenient for healthcare providers to retrieve test results from the meters used by patients to self-test. An innovative solution is required to address the growing demand from patients for wireless connectivity. Thus, there is a need for means to seamlessly transfer INR or other test results from a handheld medical device wirelessly locally to a communication hub and/or remotely to a server associated with a healthcare provider.
 A communication interface apparatus is provided for use with a handheld medical test device. The communication interface apparatus includes an attachment member that is configured to detachably couple to a housing of the medical test device, where the attachment member substantially overlays a rear side of the medical test device. In an embodiment, the attachment member overlays at least 50%, typically at least 66%, more typically at least 75%, more typically at least 80%, more typically at least 90%, of the area of the rear side of the medical test device. The communication interface apparatus further includes: an infrared receiver/transceiver, a secondary transceiver, a controller and a power source. The infrared receiver resides in an enclosure of the attachment member and is configured to receive data wirelessly in accordance with a first communication protocol from the infrared transmitter of the medical test device, such that an input port of the infrared receiver aligns with an output port of the infrared transmitter in the medical test device when the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device. The secondary transceiver resides in the enclosure of the attachment member and is configured to transmit data wirelessly in accordance with a wireless second communication protocol, where the first communication protocol differs from the wireless second communication protocol. The controller also resides in an enclosure of the attachment member and operates in a low power mode. The controller periodically transitions from the low power mode to a normal mode and interacts with the infrared receiver in the normal mode to receive data from the medical test device, where the communication interface apparatus consumes more electric power in the normal mode than the low power mode.
 In one aspect, the attachment member is further defined by a top edge, a bottom edge and two opposing side edges extending along a planar body between the top edge and the bottom edge. Two clip portions extend outwardly from an opposing side edge of the attachment member and are configured to clip to an outer side surface of the medical test device. More specifically, the housing of the medical test device is formed by an upper shell and a lower shell coupled together and forms a groove where an edge of the upper shell abuts against an edge of the lower shell. Each clip portion of the attachment member includes a tongue that is received in the groove to create a tongue-and-groove joint when the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device.
 In another aspect, the attachment member may further include an overhang portion extending outwardly from a top edge of the attachment member and overlays a portion of a top side of the medical test device when the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device, such that the overhang portion encases the infrared receiver and the input port of the infrared receiver faces the top side of the medical test device. A visual indicator may reside in the overhang portion and be electrically connected to the controller, wherein the visual indicator is illuminated while data is transmitted between the meter and the communication interface apparatus.
 In yet another aspect, the planar body of the attachment member defines a longitudinal axis extending between the top edge and the bottom edge of the planar body, and the planar body is shaped such that the longitudinal axis is parallel with a horizontal surface upon which the attachment member rests and while the attachment member is coupled to the medical test device.
 Additionally, the communication interface further includes a power switch electrically interconnected between the power source and the controller, wherein the power switch is accessible outside of the enclosure to selectively power on and off the communication interface apparatus.
 In some embodiments, the communication interface apparatus is configured to communicate data wirelessly via the secondary transceiver to a communication hub, where the communication hub can be configured to plug into a AC power source. In other embodiments, the communication hub is further defined as a mobile phone. In some cases, the communication interface apparatus may be packaged together with a communication hub as a kit.
 In operation, the communication interface apparatus operates in a low power mode and periodically transitions from the low power mode to a normal mode that consumes more electric power than the low power mode. Upon transitioning to the normal mode, the controller interacts with the infrared receiver/transceiver to query the handheld medical device, e.g., a blood clot testing meter. Upon failing to receive a response to the query from the handheld medical device, the communication interface apparatus transitions back to the low power mode. Upon receiving a response to the query from the handheld medical device, the controller interacts with the infrared receiver/transceiver to transmit a request for test results to the handheld medical device. In response to receiving a test result from the handheld medical device, the controller interacts with the secondary transceiver to transmit the test result to the communication hub.
 Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. The description and specific examples in this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
 FIG. 16 is a system diagram for an example independent diagnostic testing facility patient services organization.
 Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings. Skilled artisans appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
 FIG. 1 illustrates a patient 2 administering a self-test using a handheld medical device 4. The patient is shown obtaining a blood sample for depositing on a test strip. The test strip is inserted in a strip port of the medical device 4 and a measurement result is determined by the medical device 4. In one embodiment of the instant disclosure, the test strip is inserted in the strip port of the medical device 4 prior to applying the blood sample to the test strip. The medical device 4 can have an integrated heating element to warm the test strip to a pre-determined temperature. When this warm-up process is complete, the medical device 4 can provide an indicator to the operator that he/she can now apply a blood sample to the test strip. The indicator can be, for example, audible, such as a beep, or visual, such as a displayed icon on a screen, or light, or both. In yet another embodiment, the blood sample could be applied to the test strip before or simultaneously with insertion of the test strip into the strip port of the medical device 4.
 It is desirable that the measurement results obtained by the medical device 4 be transferred seamlessly and typically without further patient intervention to another local computing device, such as a mobile phone 6, tablet or other capable mobile computing device, a laptop computer 7, or a communication hub 8. A communication interface apparatus to facilitate such wireless connectivity is further described below.
 FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B further depict an example handheld medical test device 10. In an example embodiment, the medical test device 10 is further defined as a blood clot testing meter which may be used by patients to measure their international normalized ratio (INR) or similar metrics indicative of the clotting tendency or rate at which blood clots. The CoaguChek.RTM. XS blood clot testing monitor is an example meter commercially available from Roche Diagnostics. The CoaguChek.RTM. XS system (CoaguChek.RTM. XS meter and CoaguChek.RTM. XS PT Test strips) quantitatively determines prothrombin time ("PT"), using capillary blood or whole blood from a vein (nonanticoagulated venous whole blood). The system is suited to monitor coagulation values in people who are taking oral anticoagulation medication such as warfarin (vitamin K antagonists, VKAs). The CoaguChek.RTM. XS PT Test contains a lyophilized reagent. The reactive components of this reagent consist of thromboplastin and a peptide substrate. When a sample is applied, thromboplastin activates coagulation, which leads to the formation of thrombin. At the same time the meter starts to measure the time. The enzyme thrombin cleaves the peptide substrate, generating an electrochemical signal. Depending on the time elapsed when it first appears, this signal is then converted by means of an algorithm into customary coagulation units (INR, % Quick, seconds) and the result is displayed. While reference is made throughout this application to a blood clot testing meter, the broader aspects of this disclosure pertain to other types of handheld medical devices, such as meters for monitoring blood glucose, lipids, cardiac markers or the like, individually and/or in combination.
 With reference to FIG. 2B, the medical test device 10 is comprised generally of a measurement module 22, a processing module 23 and a communication module (COM MOD) 24. During operation, the measurement module 22 cooperatively interacts with a test strip inserted into a strip port 12 to determine and display coagulation values, i.e., prothrombin time of a nonanticoagulated venous whole blood sample applied to a test strip. The medical test device 10 can display test results in units equivalent to laboratory plasma measurements, i.e., INR, combination of INR/seconds, or combination of INR/% Quick. The measurement module 22 may include calibration information for the test strips being read by the medical test device 10. Each box of test strips has its own code chip for insertion into the medical test device 10. The code chip contains lot-specific information about its test strips, such as the expiration date and calibration data. Optional liquid controls for the system are also available.
 As used herein, the term "module" may refer to, be part of, or include an application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC); an electronic circuit; a combinational logic circuit; a field programmable gate array (FPGA); a computer processor that executes computer readable instructions; other suitable components that provide the described functionality; or a combination of some or all of the above.
 The processing module 23 is configured to receive test results that can be customary coagulation units (e.g., INR, INR/seconds, or INR/% Quick) from the measurement module 22 and automatically store the measurement data for subsequent processing. In the example embodiment, each test result (patient test or control) is tagged with identifying information. Identifying information may include but is not limited to a date/time stamp for when the measure was taken, patient ID (and operator ID activated), a serial number for the meter and other information pertaining to the test strip, i.e., lot code, test type like prothrombin time (PT). Of note, each test result measure is also tagged with a unique sequence number assigned by the meter or medical test device 10. In one embodiment, a counter is incremented each time a measurement is taken and the value of the counter is assigned to the test result. The sequence number may be used to retrieve data from the meter as is further described below. Once tagged, the test result is automatically stored in a memory of the medical test device 10. Additionally, the test result can be displayed by the processing module 23 on a display 25. The user interacts with the medical test device 10 using various interface components/interface elements 26 (e.g., buttons, switches, a speaker, a microphone, USB port, etc.), which are also interfaced with the processing module 23. In an exemplary embodiment, the processing module 23 is implemented by a microprocessor and one or more volatile and/or non-volatile memories.
 The processing module 23 is also interfaced with the communication module (COM MOD) 24. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication module 24 includes an infrared transceiver 27. The infrared transceiver 27 operates to communicate the test result(s) and other data wirelessly via a serial data link to other devices physically separated from the medical test device 10. It is understood that the communication module 24 may further include its own microcontroller, voltage control circuits, etc. Although a few primary components of the medical test device 10 are discussed herein, it is readily understood that other components (e.g., power source) may be needed to implement the medical test device 10.
 FIGS. 3-5 depict an example communication interface apparatus 30 designed for use with the handheld medical test device 10. The communication interface apparatus 30 is comprised primarily of an attachment member 31 that detachably couples to the housing of the medical test device 10. The attachment member 31 has a planar body that defines a top edge 32, a bottom edge 33 and two opposing side edges 34, and provides at least one enclosure 35 for housing various electronic components as will be further described below.
 The shape of the attachment member 31 may take different forms while meeting a few basic requirements. The attachment member 31 is designed so as not to overlap or overlay any buttons, switches, displays or other user interface components/input elements of the medical test device 10, including buttons commonly found on top of a meter. The attachment member 31 should also provide sufficient clearance from the strip port 12 (FIG. 2A) of the medical test device 10 to ensure operability. In addition, the attachment member 31 is typically configured to lay flat on a horizontal surface when coupled to the medical test device 10 as best seen in FIG. 10. That is, the planar body of the attachment member 31 defines a longitudinal axis 39 extending between the top edge 32 and the bottom edge 33 of the planar body and the planar body is shaped such that the longitudinal axis 39 is parallel with a horizontal surface upon which the attachment member 31 rests while the attachment member 31 is coupled to the medical test device 10. In the example embodiment, the attachment member 31 includes a raised portion 36 proximate to the bottom edge 33, where the raised portion 36 has a depth substantially the same as the depth of the enclosure 35 and thereby forms a substantially planar rear surface 37 for level placement on horizontal surfaces such as tables, desks and the like.
 In the example embodiment, the attachment member 31 is configured to clip to outer side surfaces of the medical test device 10. More specifically, the attachment member 31 includes two clip portions 41. Clip portions 41 extend outwardly from opposing side edges 34 of the attachment member 31. Each clip portion 41 further includes a tongue 42 that is received in a side surface of the medical test device 10. In this example, the housing of the medical test device 10 is formed by an upper shell and a lower shell coupled together. A groove 43 is formed in the housing where an edge of the upper shell abuts against an edge of the lower shell and the tongues 42 are sized to fit into the groove 43 as seen in FIG. 12. When clipped together, the tongue 42 and the groove 43 form a tongue-and-groove joint, which couples the attachment member 31 along both side surfaces of the medical test device 10. While a particular clip mechanism has been set forth, it is envisioned that other types of fastening mechanisms, such as screws, a hook and loop fastener, magnets, etc., also fall within the scope of this disclosure.
 One or more protrusions 45 help to further secure the attachment member 31 to the medical test device 10. The protrusions 45 extend outwardly from a front surface 38 of the attachment member 31. Each protrusion 45 is in turn received into a recess 46 formed in a rear surface of the medical test device 10 as best seen in FIG. 12. In the example embodiment, the recess 46 is part of a latch that opens and closes a panel enclosing a battery compartment. In this way, the design of a pre-existing medical test device does not need to be modified to accommodate the communication interface apparatus 30.
 The communication interface apparatus 30 is intended to enhance the wireless connectivity of the medical test device 10 by interfacing the medical test device 10 to another type of wireless data link. To enable such an interface, the communication interface apparatus 30 includes an infrared receiver (or transceiver) whose input port must align with an output port of an infrared transmitter (or transceiver) residing in the medical test device 10 while the attachment member 31 is coupled to the medical test device 10. In the example embodiment, the output port of the infrared transmitter is embedded in the top side of the medical test device 10. Consequently, the attachment member 31 includes an overhang portion 48 that extends outwardly from a top edge of the attachment member 31. The overhang portion 48 encases the infrared receiver and overlays a portion of the top side of the medical test device 10. In this way, the input port of the infrared receiver aligns with the output port of the infrared transmitter found in the medical test device 10. It is readily understood that the infrared transmitter may have different placements in other devices and thus the shape of the attachment member 31 can be altered to accommodate alignment between the infrared components.
 FIG. 6 illustrates the electronic components associated with the communication interface apparatus 30. An infrared receiver 61 is disposed in the overhang portion 48 of the attachment member 31 as described above. The infrared receiver (or transceiver) is configured to interface with an infrared transmitter residing in the medical test device. That is, the infrared receiver 61 receives and processes data sent wirelessly in accordance with a first communication protocol, where a suitable communication protocol ensures the integrity and privacy of the transported data over a serial infrared communication link.
 To provide visual feedback regarding the progress of any data communication, the overhang portion 48 may also house one or more visual indictors 64 as seen in FIG. 13. In an example embodiment, the visual indicator 64 is implemented by a light emitting diode mounted on a circuit board. At least a portion 131 of the overhang portion 48 is comprised of a transparent material, which emits the light from the visual indicator 64. In other embodiments, the visual indicator 64 may be disposed elsewhere on the attachment member 31.
 A controller or control module 62 is housed in the primary enclosure 35 provided by the attachment member 31. The controller 62 receives data from the infrared receiver 61 and interacts with a secondary wireless transceiver 63 to transmit the data wirelessly to a local computing device. Conversely, the controller 62 may also receive data from the secondary wireless transceiver 63 and interact with the infrared receiver 61 to transmit the data wirelessly to the medical test device 10. In such an embodiment, the infrared receiver 61 is also able to work as an infrared transceiver to transmit data via infrared connection to the medical test device 10. In one embodiment, the control module 62 is implemented by a single processor. In other embodiments, the control module 62 is comprised of two processors; one processor implements application functions (e.g., converting data between different communication protocols) and a second processor is dedicated to implementing the communication protocol used by the secondary wireless transceiver 63.
 In the example embodiment, the secondary transceiver 63 transmits and receives data in accordance with the IEEE 802.15 standard (i.e., the Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy wireless technology standard). In other embodiments, it is envisioned that the secondary transceiver 63 may transmit and receive data in accordance with other communication protocols operating in the RF spectrum (e.g., IEEE 802.11 standard) or operate in other frequency spectrums, such as cellular or satellite technology. In any case, the secondary transceiver 63 communicates data via a wireless data link to a computing device spatially separated from the communication interface apparatus 30.
 A power source 66, such as a battery, is also housed in the primary enclosure 35 provided by the attachment member 31. In one embodiment, the power source 66 provides power to the control module 62, which in turn powers the other electronic components. An on/off (power) switch 65 is electrically interconnected between the control module 62 and the power source 66. The on/off or power switch 65 enables a user to power on and off the communication interface apparatus 30 in order to conserve battery power. In the example embodiment, the on/off or power switch 65 may be implemented by a slide type switch accessible on the rear of the communication interface apparatus 30. While the primary electronic components have been discussed in relation to FIG. 6, it is understood that other electronic components may be employed by the communication interface apparatus 30.
 FIGS. 7-11 further illustrate the communication interface apparatus 30 when it is coupled to the medical test device 10. Of note, the planar body of the attachment member 31 substantially overlays a rear side of the medical test device 10 but does not otherwise overlap or obstruct other portions of the medical test device 10 including its display, buttons or strip port.
 FIG. 14 depicts the communication interface apparatus 30 in data communication with an example communication hub 140 while being coupled to the medical test device 10. The communication hub 140 is configured to transmit and receive requests to and from the communication interface apparatus 30 over a wireless data link. Data may be transmitted in accordance with the IEEE 802.15 standard although other wireless technology is also contemplated as noted above. The communication hub 140 can in turn process and/or store test results received from the communication interface apparatus 30. More importantly, the communication hub 140 is typically designed to relay the test results to a remote server (not shown). In an example embodiment, the communication hub 140 is a 2net.TM. Hub commercially available from Qualcomm Life. In this case, it is envisioned that the communication interface apparatus 30 and the communication hub 140 may be sold together as a kit 142 with or without the medical device. In accordance with one example embodiment of the disclosure, the kit 142 can be the CoaguChek.RTM. XS mPOC Kit (Roche Diagnostics). In another example embodiment, the communication hub 140 may be an app on a mobile phone, tablet or other capable mobile computing device, and/or laptop computer. For example, the communication hub 140 can also be the CoaguChek.RTM. XS mPOC App (Roche Diagnostics). Other implementations for the communication hub 140 are also contemplated by this disclosure.
 An example communication protocol between these devices is further described in relation to FIGS. 15A-15D. To begin, a user slides the on/off switch of the communication interface apparatus 30 from an `off` to `on` position, thereby powering it on. Initially, the communication interface apparatus 30 may enter a low power mode (i.e., sleep mode) to conserve power as indicated at 151. In a low power mode, the controller may be active but other components, such as transceivers, are powered down. At periodic time intervals (e.g., every 1 minute), the communication interface apparatus 30 transitions from the low power mode to a normal mode and begins interacting with the medical device or meter 10. More specifically, the communication interface apparatus 30 wakes-up at 152 and pings the meter 10 at 153 (i.e., sends a wake-up request). In some instances, the meter 10 is powered down and thus does not respond to the wake-up request. After failing to receive a response (e.g., within 5 seconds), the communication interface apparatus 30 returns to sleep mode as indicated at 154. This process is repeated until an acknowledgement is received from the meter 10 or the communication interface apparatus 30 is powered down.
 When the meter 10 is powered on, it will send an acknowledgement message at 155 in response to the wake-up request received from the communication interface apparatus 30. The communication interface apparatus 30 can then initiate interaction with the meter 10 to obtain available test results. More specifically, the communication interface apparatus 30 sends a request to send last test result at 156. In response to the last result request, the meter 10 sends the last test result at 157 to the communication interface apparatus 30. Each test result is tagged with a unique sequence number (e.g., measurement #512 in FIGS. 15A-15D), which is included in the data sent to the communication interface apparatus 30. During the transmission from the meter 10 to the communication interface apparatus 30, the visual indicator 64 on the communication interface apparatus 30 will be illuminated in a particular manner (e.g., flashing green) indicating data is being transmitted between the meter 10 and the communication interface apparatus 30. In some instances, the data transfer may be interrupted, for example if the patient initiates a new measurement using the meter 10. In this case, the last test result is not sent by the meter 10 and the communication interface apparatus 30 returns to sleep mode after failing to receive a test result.
 In the example embodiment, the communication interface apparatus 30 is not designed to store test results received from the meter 10. Rather, immediately upon receipt of test results, the communication interface apparatus 30 relays the test result to the communication hub 140 without any involvement by the user. The communication interface apparatus 30 first confirms availability of the communication hub 140 (or otherwise pairs therewith) at 161. During the pairing process, the communication interface apparatus 30 and the communication hub 140 may exchange an authentication token (e.g., a secret PIN). In the event that a data link cannot be established or the communication hub 140 is otherwise unavailable, the communication interface apparatus 30 would return to sleep mode.
 At 162, the communication interface apparatus 30 transmits the last test result, including its unique sequence number, to the communication hub 140. During the transmission from the communication interface apparatus 30 to the communication hub 140, the visual indicator 64 on the communication interface apparatus 30 continues to be illuminated in the same manner as noted above (e.g., flashing green).
 Test results can be stored at the communication hub 140. Upon receipt of the last test result, the sequence number for the incoming test result (i.e., #512) is compared at 163 to the sequence number for the test result last received and stored (i.e., #509) by the communication hub 140. When the sequence numbers match, the test results stored at the communication hub 140 are in synch with the test results stored on the meter 10. The communication hub 140 sends a reply at 169 to the communication interface apparatus 30 indicating that data transfer is complete. In response to such reply, the communication interface apparatus 30 returns to a sleep mode as indicated at 170. Prior to entering a sleep mode, the visual indicator 64 may be illuminated in a different manner to indicate that all data has been successfully transmitted to the communication hub 140. For example, the visual indicator 64 may be illuminated steady or flashing blue to indicate a successful transmission. Other means for varying the illumination pattern (e.g., solid vs. flashing) are also contemplated by this disclosure. Additionally, the illumination pattern for the visual indicator 64 may be further varied in order to indicate other functions such as successful pairing between devices, startup procedure in progress or weak battery.
 On the other hand, when the sequence numbers do not match, the test results stored at the communication hub 140 are not in synch with the test results stored on the meter 10. In this case, the communication hub 140 sends a request for additional test results to the communication interface apparatus 30 at 165. In the example embodiment, the request for additional test result includes a sequence number for the test result being requested, where the value of the sequence number is the sequence number of the test result last received by the communication hub 140 incremented by one (e.g., #510 in FIG. 12). The request for additional test result is forwarded on at 166 to the meter 10.
 In response to the request for additional test results, the meter 10 retrieves the applicable test result using the specified sequence number (i.e., #510) and sends the test result via the communication interface apparatus 30 to the communication hub 140 as indicated at 167. Upon receipt of the additional test result at the communication hub 140, the sequence number for the incoming test result (i.e., #510) is again compared at 168 to the sequence number for the test result last received (i.e., #512) and stored by the communication hub 140. The process described above is repeated as shown until the sequence number for the incoming test result matches the sequence number for the test result last received and stored by the communication hub 140. In this way, the test results are transmitted in a defined order so that even if data transmission is interrupted, transmission can be completed at a later time without missing a test result.
 When the sequence numbers match, the test results stored at the communication hub 140 are in synch with the test results stored on the meter 10 and the communication hub 140 sends a reply to the communication interface apparatus 30 indicating that data transfer is complete. Again, the visual indicator 64 may be illuminated in a manner to indicate that all data has been successfully transmitted to the communication hub 140. The successful data transmission may also trigger the transfer of the data by the communication hub 140 to a remote server 551, for example associated with a healthcare provider. See, FIG. 15D at 171. It is to be understood that only the relevant steps are discussed in relation to FIGS. 15A-15D, but that other software-implemented instructions may be needed to transmit data between the devices.
 In some embodiments, the medical test device 10 and/or the communication hub 140 can be configured to communicate test results to an Independent Diagnostic Testing Facility (IDFT) Patient Services Organization (PSO), like are shown in FIG. 16. Presently operating IDTF PSOs include, for example, CoaguChek.RTM. Patient Services (provided by Roche Health Solutions Inc.), mdINR (a Lincare Company), and Alere Home Monitoring, Inc. Test results can be communicated by the user to the IDTF PSO, e.g., by phoning in the results or entering the result directly in the IDTF PSO Internet portal. Test results can also be communicated semi-automatically or automatically to an IDTF PSO by connecting the medical test device 10 to a computing device using an accessory such as, for example, the CoaguChek.RTM. XS Connect (Roche Diagnostics), or a cellular access communication hub, such as the Alere.TM. MobileLink (Alere) or 2net.TM. Hub (Qualcomm Life) cellular gateway. For more information, reference may be made to Jones, Jay, "Chapter 20 Integration of Point-of-Care Testing into Regional Healthcare Networks." Point-of-Care Testing: Needs, Opportunity, and Innovation 3.sup.rd Edition. Eds. Christopher Price, Andrew St John and Larry Kricka. AACC Press, 2010. Additionally, the CoaguChek.RTM. Link Quick Reference Guide (2013) provides clinicians and patients on warfarin therapy with the convenience of a single, secure and easy-to-use website for managing PT/INR testing. See CoaguChek.RTM. Link Healthcare Professional's Manual (2013) and CoaguChek.RTM. Link User's Manual (2013) (Roche Diagnostics).
 IDTF PSOs can operate in a wide range of sequences and actions, and the following scenarios are presented to describe some of the functions of the IDTF PSO. Operation typically begins with a patient manually entering their test results on an internet web site or phoning their tests results in using an automated or operator assisted inbound Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system. Healthcare providers can also enter the patients test results using the internet into the IDTF PSO. Once the patient's test results are entered, the results are visible to the patient, healthcare provider, and the IDTF PSO. The test results are evaluated by the IDTF computer system according to HCP/clinic preferences for a notification range. If the test results are within the notification range, an IDTF PSO clinician will phone the patient's healthcare provider and provide an oral notification that the test results are within the notification range, and a facsimile notification will be sent automatically from the IDTF PSO to the HCP. If the test results are not within the notification range, the IDTF PSO automatically sends a facsimile to the healthcare provider notifying the healthcare provider that the patient has performed a test. An outbound Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system, such as Genesys.RTM. Angel, notifies patients that are non-compliant in the frequency of their testing such as with a phone call on Tuesdays and Thursdays to remind the patient to test. The outbound IVR receives confirmation on whether the call was received by human voice or voice mail.
 IDTF billing identifies billable events based upon billing rules associated with the patient's insurance policy. Billable events not reimbursed by insurance are termed overages that patient has the direct responsibility to pay. The billing events are transferred to the Total Inventory Management System (TIMS) for claims processing with insurance companies and patients. The total inventory management system also permits patients to order consumables such as test strips and lancets on the IDTF internet portal. Other known functions and services may also be provided by the IDTF PSO.
 The techniques described herein may be implemented by one or more computer programs executed by one or more processors. The computer programs include processor-executable instructions that are stored on a non-transitory tangible computer readable medium. The computer programs may also include stored data. Non-limiting examples of the non-transitory tangible computer readable medium are nonvolatile memory, magnetic storage, and optical storage.
 Some portions of the above description present the techniques described herein in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on information. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. These operations, while described functionally or logically, are understood to be implemented by computer programs. Furthermore, it has also proven convenient at times to refer to these arrangements of operations as modules or by functional names, without loss of generality. It is understood that grouping of operations within in a given module is not limiting and operations may be shared amongst multiple modules or combined into a single module.
 Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the above discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as "processing" or "computing" or "calculating" or "determining" or "displaying" or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
 Certain aspects of the described techniques include process steps and instructions described herein in the form of an algorithm. It should be noted that the described process steps and instructions could be embodied in software, firmware or hardware, and when embodied in software, could be downloaded to reside on and be operated from different platforms used by real time network operating systems.
 The present disclosure also relates to an apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general-purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored on a computer readable medium that can be accessed by the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a tangible computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus. Furthermore, the computers referred to in the specification may include a single processor or may be architectures employing multiple processor designs for increased computing capability.
 The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many ways.


text:
Star Trek 4 Back on with Noah Hawley
The showrunner behind the Fargo and Legion TV series has been tapped to write and direct a potential Star Trek 4…
By Richard Jordan | November 20, 2019 |
It looks like the USS Enterprise could be dusting off its warp nacelles and preparing for another space voyage, with the news that Paramount is reportedly in final talks with Noah Hawley to write and direct a new Star Trek film.
Hawley is best known for writing and showrunning two of the most well-received TV series in recent years – the Emmy-winning Fargo, a spin-off of the Coen brothers' 1996 film, and Legion, the Marvel-inspired psychological thriller set in the Fox X-Men universe. He's also recently made his feature film debut with the Natalie Portman-starring astronaut drama Lucy In The Sky.
Deadline reported that discussions between Hawley and the studio are in the final stages, and that – while nothing relating to the content of the film has been confirmed – it is understood that the project will likely be the fourth instalment in the rebooted big-screen Trek franchise, featuring regular cast members Chris Pine (Kirk), Zachary Quinto (Spock), Zoe Saldana (Uhura), Simon Pegg (Scotty) and Karl Urban (Bones).
The most recent entry in the series was 2016's Star Trek Beyond, directed by veteran Fast & Furious franchise helmer Justin Lin (who's currently working on the ninth installment of that film series). Beyond underperformed at the box office, taking $343.5 million worldwide against a $185 million production budget, but was met with generally positive reviews.
Initial sequel rumblings seemed to pitch a timey-wimey story in which a grown-up Kirk meets his dead father George, played once again by Star Trek's Chris Hemsworth, but the project looked to have been shelved earlier this year. Whether or not Hawley's potential Star Trek 4 might pick up that plot thread remains to be seen.
Paramount is also reportedly developing Quentin Tarantino's R-rated Trek spin-off, although there's still no indication of when, or indeed if, that will actually happen.
We'll bring you more big-screen Trek news as we have it.
Tags: Star TrekNoah HawleyStar Trek 4
Read more from Richard Jordan
More on Star Trek
The Wrath of Khan Producer Hints at New Potential Star Trek Movie
July 9, 2020 | By Don Kaye
Noah Hawley's Star Trek to Have Wrath of Khan Inspired Themes
September 25, 2020 | By Joseph Baxter
Star Trek: Noah Hawley Movie On Hold as Studio Rethinks Franchise
August 7, 2020 | By Don Kaye
Quentin Tarantino Unlikely to Direct a Star Trek Movie
January 15, 2020 | By Joseph Baxter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I had someone say that to me last Sunday. As a great weekend was winding down, I stopped by a well know local market in the Pacific Beach area of San Diego where we live to pick up a few items and went to the check out line. This store has yet to add a self check out line, and likely never will, a topic for another day.
But it got me thinking about a few things. First, that I do not see Monday through Friday as a grind. Second, that did not happen by luck. Far from it. It took several things for Monday through Friday to not be a "grind." Serious planning and a vision for Monday through Friday, discipline, commitment, clarity, delegation, continuous learning and support from many, some obvious and some not so obvious. The other thought was that for many it is a grind. Just listen to how people complain about their job, complain about the commute, complain about their co-workers, complain about their boss, complain about the (fill in the blank).
My message… if it is a grind for you then do something about it. Not later, right now. Today, not tomorrow. Make the decision to break free of the grind and here is where to start. Look at what you do everyday. Keep a list for a full week. Some of it is not a grind but, hopefully, done with zeal, anticipated with excitement and accomplished in expert fashion. Do more of that and less of the rest. Figure out the what first and we can talk about the how another time. Be accurate and honest as you do this.
No one gets wealthy working but rather you get wealthy, monetarily or otherwise, by doing what you do best and enjoy most. Think about it over a cup of coffee at your favorite coffee shop!


text:
Q: Django DRF: how to groupby on a foreign fields? I have a model where users can upvote other users for specific topics. Something like:
#models.py
Class Topic(models.Model):
    name = models.StringField()

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.name)

Class UserUpvotes(models.Model):
    """Holds total upvotes by user and topic"""
    user = models.ForeignKey(User)
    topic= models.ForeignKey(Topic)
    upvotes = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)

Using DRF, I have an API that returns the following: topic_id, topic_name, and upvotes, which is the total upvotes for a given topic.

One of the project requirements is for the API to use these field names specifically: topic_id, topic_name, and upvotes

#serializers.py
class TopicUpvotesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    topic_name = serializers.StringRelatedField(source="topic")

    class Meta:
        model = UserUpvotes
        fields = ["topic_id", "topic_name", "upvotes"]

My trouble is aggregating these fields. I'm filtering the UserUpvotes by user or team and then aggregating by topic.
Desired output
This is the result I want to get. When I don't perform any aggregations (and there are views where this will be the case), it works.
[
    {
        "topic_id": 3,
        "topic_name": "Korean Studies",
        "upvotes": 14
    },
    {
        "topic_id": 12,
        "topic_name": "Inflation",
        "upvotes": 3
    },
]

At first, I tried creating a TopicSerializer, and then assigning it to the topic field in TopicUpvotesSerializer. But then, the resulting json would have a nested "topic" field and the aggragation would fail.
Attempt 1
#views.py

def get_queryset(self):
    return (
      UserUpvotes.objects.filter(user__team=team)
          .values("topic")
          .annotate(upvotes=models.Sum("upvotes"))
          .order_by("-upvotes")
      )

My problem is that the topic_id and topic_name fields are not showing. I get something like:
[
    {
        "topic_name": "3",
        "upvotes": 14
    },
    {
        "topic_name": "12",
        "upvotes": 3
    },
]

Attempt 2
Another queryset attempt:
# views.py

def get_queryset(self):
    return (
      UserUpvotes.objects.filter(user__team=team)
          .values("topic__id", "topic__name")
          .annotate(upvotes=models.Sum("upvotes"))
          .order_by("-upvotes")
      )

Which yields:
[
    {
        "upvotes": 14
    },
    {
        "upvotes": 3
    },
]

The aggregation worked on the queryset level, but the serializer failed to find the correct fields.
Attempt 3
This was the closest I got:
# views.py

def get_queryset(self):
    return (
      UserUpvotes.objects.filter(user__team=team)
          .values("topic__id", "topic__name")
          .annotate(upvotes=models.Sum("upvotes"))
          .values("topic_id", "topic", "upvotes")
          .order_by("-upvotes")[:n]
      )

[
    {
        "topic_name": 3,
        "topic_name": "3",
        "upvotes": 14
    },
    {
        "topic_name": 12,
        "topic_name": "12",
        "upvotes": 3
    },
]

I have no idea why "topic_name" is simply transforming the "topic_id" into a string, instead of calling the string method.

A: Work with a serializer for the topic:
class TopicSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    upvotes = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Topic
        fields = ['id', 'name', 'upvotes']
then in the ModelViewSet, you annotate:
from django.db.models import Sum
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

class TopicViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    serializer_class = TopicSerializer
    queryset = Topic.objects.annotate(upvotes=Sum('userupvotes__upvotes'))

A:
Desired output
This is the result I want to get. When I don't perform any aggregations (and there are views where this will be the case), it works.

[
    {
        "topic_name": 3,
        "topic_name": "Korean Studies",
        "upvotes": 14
    },
    {
        "topic_name": 12,
        "topic_name": "Inflation",
        "upvotes": 3
    },
]

The serialized FK will always give you the ID of the related model. I am not sure why you name it topic_name if that is equal to an ID. Now, if you really want to get the name field of the Topic model
in the  topic_name = serializers.StringRelatedField(source="topic") you should give it a source="topic.name"
However, if you trying to get the ID of the relation you can still use  ModelSerializer :
class TopicUpvotesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = UserUpvotes
        fields = "__all__"

A: @willem-van-onsem's answer is the correct one for the problem as I had put it.
But... I had another use case (sorry! ◑﹏◐), for when the Users API used UserUpvotes serializer as a nested field. So I had to find another solution. This is was I eventually ended up with. I'm posting in case it helps anyone.
class UserUpvotesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
topic_name = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_topic_name (self, obj):
    try:
        _topic_name  = obj.topic.name
    except TypeError:
        _topic_name = obj.get("skill__name", None)
    return _topic_name

class Meta:
    model = UserUpvotes
    fields = ["topic_id", "topic_name", "upvotes"]

I still have no idea why the SerializerMethodField works and the StringRelatedField field doesn't. It feels like a bug?
Anyways, the rub here is that, after the values().annotate() aggregation, obj is no longer a QuerySet, but a dict. So accessing namedirectly will give you a 'UserUpvotes' object is not subscriptable error.
I don't know if there are any other edge cases I should be aware of (this is when I REALLY miss type hints in Django), but it works so far

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


If a project requires bank financing along with EB-5 investor capital how do you present the EB-5 capital to the bank, or structure the project to consider EB-5 capital as equity into the project? Do banks consider the EB-5 capital as a loan since it's not secured? By utilizing and counting EB-5 capital we are trying to achieve bank financing LTC of less than 55% per project!
This question requires further detail before being answered. Additionally, the financial structure will determine whether the EB-5 funds are considered equity or loan.
This is a complex question that will require more details, however, banks are routinely lending on EB5 projects. I would be happy to further discuss this with you.
EB-5 capital generally is considered an investment; that is a requirement of the EB-5 law. However, there are certain EB-5 regional center projects that are structured as EB-5 equity investments into limited partnerships, which in turn loan money to the job creating entity. This is often referred to as the "loan model" and it is acceptable to the USCIS. In order to determine which model is right for your project, you will need to consult with an experienced EB-5 immigration attorney, such as myself, to advise you.
This issue would take a bit of structuring, beyond a quick yes or no answer.
Most projects have a varied capital stacksome developer equity, some 3rd party financing/bank financing, sometimes a bridge, sometimes tax credits, and of course, eb-5 funds. We have worked on many deals with several large banks spread across the US. Most bank loans are structured as senior financing. Rather than jump into specific details on this public platform, I can offer you a complimentary consult to further discuss.
Our law firm has experience with the legal and financial infrastructure of EB-5 projects, which often includes a mixture of EB-5 financing and non-EB-5 or traditional financing. The affect this may have on bank loans and other aspects of the project and business can be reviewed by the various professions that an EB-5 attorney would coordinate and lead.
Our law firm has advised clients pursuing the same type of legal and financial infrastructures you describe in your question. However, please note even though the structure may be EB-5 compliant you still need to make sure it is marketable and appealing to the investors'' demands.
There are a variety of ways to structure the capital stack. The EB-5 funds may come in as equity. If the bank allows it, though, the EB-5 funds may come in as a loan, but this would have to be discussed and further explained.


text:
'Honda Architecture' to reduce manufacturing costs
Japanese premium car manufacturer Honda has announced a new platform for their upcoming cars called Honda Architecture. The Honda Architecture will reduce the number of trims which will improve efficiency and parts sharing within Honda products.
With Honda Architecture, less time will be required for the development of mass market products. Honda claims 30% reduced manpower, that will be required by the year 2025, which can be used for future research. The first model from the brand to use the Honda Architecture is expected to be launched by next year.
Honda plans to concentrate more on the Hybrid-Electric vehicles and plans to develop small hybrid systems for use on small capacity vehicles and consolidate the two-motor hybrid system to be used on a large number of cars from their portfolio.
Honda also plans to simplify its production in its plants by reducing the number of variants in each model. Honda had a plant utilization capacity at 90% in 2018, except China, and by 2020 it plans to run them at full capacity and by 2025 a global reduction in cost by almost 10% is expected. By the year 2022, the company is also expecting a 25% reduction in cost on their electric hybrid systems which is expected to be seen on smaller capacity cars in the near future.
HCIL Honda Japanese
Jeep Wrangler Rubicon spotted testing in India


Our elegant "First Lady leather" is available in bicolor Black and Beige.
Technical assets: aeration, safety, lightness. Large visor designed to protect skin from the sun. Several details that will seduce you: metal badge, leather finish. Visor and harness made with real leather.
Inside removable breathable and washable.


We're recruiting for a committed and efficient Workshop Controller for our branch at Seafield.
Full time, Monday – Thursday 8am – 5.30pm, Friday 8am – 4.30pm (30 minutes' lunch). Alternate Saturdays (shifts dependant on branch).
As a Workshop Controller for Arnold Clark, you'll work with the Service Manager to deliver a high level of productivity and an excellent standard of first-time repair, while making sure you always maintain a clean, safe and professional workshop.
This role would be ideal for an organised, quick-thinking person with previous motor industry experience, looking to develop their career and move into a management role. The ability to keep to deadlines and react quickly to technical challenges is important, and you should enjoy working in a fast-paced environment.
Managing and coaching a team of vehicle technicians and apprentices, making sure targets and business objectives are met.
Making sure all servicing work is carried out correctly, competently and on time, with customer satisfaction in mind.
Ensuring that all your working practices comply with company, DVSA, health and safety and manufacturer policy.
Working with colleagues and other departments to ensure a seamless service for customers.
Scheduling work to meet customer needs, taking into account workshop targets, the complexity of each job and the availability of parts.
Providing estimates for servicing and repairs and setting timescales.
Assisting technicians with technical challenges and finding the right outcome.
Accurately recording technician time and writing technical reports and recommendations.
Relevant experience in the automotive industry, including previous workshop control or technician roles.
High levels of organisation and accuracy.
Fantastic interpersonal skills and the ability to communicate well with customers and colleagues across other departments, both face-to-face and via email.
The ability to lead by example and motivate your team to achieve their targets and deliver a high standard of work.
Ability to create more work opportunities and sales in an honest and compliant manner.
In return for your skills and experience, you'll receive a competitive salary, opportunities for further management and system training, and a rewarding bonus scheme. You'll also enjoy one of the best employee benefits packages in the industry, including private healthcare, life assurance and generous staff discounts.


text:
Gowin Knight (1713–1772) – angielski fizyk
 Grzegorz Gowin (ur. 1973) – polski piłkarz ręczny
 Jarosław Gowin (ur. 1961) – polski polityk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


St. Mel School, an educational ministry of St. Mel Parish, promotes academic excellence within a Catholic, faith-filled environment. The school serves St. Mel Parish and the surrounding communities by providing a standards-based curriculum for grades Transitional Kindergarten (TK)-8. A St. Mel education empowers students to become active, responsible Catholic adults whose lives reflect the Gospel values.
Our mission statement is the central point of all we do here at St. Mel Catholic School. Our school was founded by the Sisters of Mercy in 1959 with an emphasis on "service to others". Our primary focus is to help children build a strong relationship with God through Catholic education. We are committed to educating the whole child: mentally, physically, emotionally, socially and most importantly, spiritually. We are a welcoming community that provides an exceptional education in a faith-filled environment through "Integrating Faith with Academic Excellence".
"THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY LIES IN THE HANDS OF THOSE WHO ARE STRONG ENOUGH TO PROVIDE COMING GENERATIONS WITH REASONS FOR LIVING AND HOPING". (Church in Modern World, Vat.II) The task of educating the young belongs primarily with parents. St. Mel School endeavors to assist the parents in this role by creating a Catholic, faith-filled environment which will promote the spiritual, intellectual, emotional, physical, and social growth of the child. Many opportunities are provided for the development of right judgment, creative thinking, the acceptance of leadership roles, and a sense of moral values. A sense of self-worth is developed in students as they are empowered to contribute their share in the work of building a Catholic community. Our success as Catholic educators is enhanced by parental support; and conversely, family life is strengthened by the active participation of its members in the Catholic school.
Our philosophy is why St. Mel Catholic School is the right place to nurture a child's natural love of learning and spiritual growth which will prepare them to be the very best they can be now and in the future as adults. Our Student Learning Expectations (SLEs), complete the foundation in the formation or our students as disciples of Christ. A Catholic education does and will continue to make a difference in your child's life. It is an investment in the future, your child, the world, and our Catholic faith. Thank you for making the sacrifices to provide your child with a Catholic education.


In a move likely to see support from Internet-based content providers such as Apple, Netflix, and others, President Barack Obama on Monday publicly called on the Federal Communications Commission to take the strongest measures possible in protecting net neutrality.
Obama's plan calls on the FCC to reclassify broadband services under Title II of the Telecommunications Act, essentially classifying Internet connections as a basic utility like water or electricity. Doing so would prevent Internet service providers from deciding how customers' connections are used.
Advocates have called on the U.S. government and others to implement laws preventing ISPs from creating a so-called "tiered" Internet.
Observers have expressed concern that Internet providers could begin charging users to access certain websites, or favoring one online service over another with faster connection speeds.
For example, if an ISP were to cut a deal with an online video service, it could offer faster access to the favored service than content from Apple's iTunes. Or, in a more extreme example, the ISP could block iTunes altogether, and charge users more for the ability to access it.
"Whether you use a computer, phone or tablet, Internet providers have a legal obligation not to block or limit your access to a website," Obama said. "Cable companies can't decide which online stores you can shop at, or which streaming services you can use, and they can't let any company pay for priority over its competitors."
No blocking: ISPs cannot be permitted to block access to legal content.
No throttling: ISPs cannot intentionally slow down some content or speed up others.
Increased transparency: Ensure that some sites are not getting special treatment in places other than the "last mile" of connection between ISPs and consumers. If necessary, the FCC could apply net neutrality rules to points of interconnection between the ISP and the rest of the Internet.
No paid prioritization: Prevent ISPs from cutting deals with content providers for faster access. Obama has asked the FCC to explicitly ban any such restrictions.
The FCC is an independent organization that must come to its own decision on the matter. But urging from Obama, as well as overwhelming public support for maintaining net neutrality, will likely make the issue a higher priority for the commission.
"For most Americans, the Internet has become an essential part of everyday communication, and everyday life," Obama said.
While Apple has been in support of net neutrality, its carrier partners unsurprisingly fall on the other side of the issue. Verizon Wireless was criticized in August by FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler after the wireless provider revealed plans for a data throttling program and called it a "widely accepted" practice.
It's not broken, just a way for agency's to further control and track information. Is it possible that FCC will be directed by agency's to block information as a "Matter of National Security"?
That won't do anything. If it's classed as a public utility there will be ZERO reason to improve speeds (not like it happens anyway), ZERO reason for the ISPs not to collude (more than they do now), and ZERO reason for unlimited and unthrottled plans to keep existing.
Wait! I am sure there is a way to look at this in a negative light. Surely.
I think you just outed yourself as a Tea Party conspiracy nut.
You know what, on the second thought, a post like this isn't worth replying too so I've edited it out and leave you with the non-response this crazy nonsense deserves.
Right there is where they can decide to favor one site over the other.
It's too late now, but when email first emerged it should have been put under the jurisdiction of the USPS. It IS mail after all. Instead of embracing new technology, they saw it as a threat and clung to paper mail.
One marvels at how Obama and his fellow far-left lackeys prioritize the nation's pressing problems. "War on women." Minimum wage hikes. Abortion at any stage of birth, for any reason. Free "ObamaPhones." And now "broadband is a public utility."
Keep your delusions to yourself, boyo. Enjoy the fantasy world in which utilities companies compete.
Actually, it would have the exact opposite effect, just like it has for natural gas and electrical companies, but of course you knew that.
Yep, I knew that because I have exactly one of each where I live and they haven't changed their prices or availability in the last 15 years. Oh, wait, you're completely wrong.
You realize you can shop around and get lower gas/electric prices WITHOUT BEING LOCKED IN A CONTRACT, at will, right?
Again, fantasy world where they compete, yada yada.
So, everything you just said is completely wrong, and can be proven as such by the examples I just gave.
You gave zero examples. I, on the other hand, can easily provide documentation that two blocks over has a different company than me, cannot get my company, and I cannot get theirs.
So please, shut up about things you couldn't in a lifetime comprehend. Utility companies command monopolies.
Actually, it would have the exact opposite effect, just like it has for natural gas and electrical companies, but of course you knew that. You realize you can shop around and get lower gas/electric prices WITHOUT BEING LOCKED IN A CONTRACT, at will, right? So, everything you just said is completely wrong, and can be proven as such by the examples I just gave. Stop posting, do not pass go, and go directly to jail.
Time Warner delivers to the house 200 feet down the road from me but say I am "out of their franchise area." Wow, great choice and after paying them since November 1997 at my old house this is how they treat you. I would say he was correct because I don't have an choice now for access beyond low end DSL.
Yep, I knew that because I have exactly one of each where I live and they haven't changed their prices in the last 15 years. Oh, wait, you're completely wrong.
Not worth replying to a moron.
Of course, this may be subsidized by tax dollars - just like Energy, Power, Telephone (Landline) and other "utilities"
I actually attempted to remove my post, because you really aren't worth talking too, but since you replied, let me rip you apart now.
Natural gas and electrical companies already do this, idiot.
I gave multiple examples by pointing to the natural gas and electrical companies, moron.
Good for you. Neither of mine do. What's your next move, boyo? Are you going to keep lying to me about my own companies?
It's bad because it's coming from Obama!
Bravo Ted Cruz. Never trust a government bureaucracy to make things better for consumers.


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New York Giants Place Rare UFA Tender On OLB Markus Golden
The New York Giants elected to place a rare unrestricted free-agent tender on outside linebacker Markus Golden, a source told ESPN's Field Yates.
The "May 5" tender still allows Golden to negotiate a deal with other teams. The Giants would not receive any compensation if he signed elsewhere, but Golden would count toward the 2021 compensatory pick formula if he signed with another team.
If Golden remains unsigned past July 22 (or the start of training camp), he could play for only the Giants this season. The team would maintain the pass-rusher's exclusive rights at 110% of his previous compensation package, which is $5.225-million.
This at least sets the market for Golden to find a more lucrative offer after he finished with 10 sacks last season.
The most notable recent use of the "May 5" tender was by the New England Patriots on running back LeGarrette Blount—remember him—back in 2017. Blount eventually signed with the Philadelphia Eagles.


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Valeriu Lazarov or Valerio Lazarov (born December 20, 1935, Bârlad, Romania – died August 11, 2009, Tres Cantos, Spain) was a Romanian-born television producer and director of several tv channels from Romania, Spain and Italy.

He defected to Spain in 1968, and was hired the same year by Juan José Rosón to work for RTVE. He became a Spanish citizen in 1972.

He was married seven times: twice in Romania before he defected to Spain in 1968, then in 1970, in Miami, to Cuban singer Elsa Baeza (with whom he has a son; they divorced in 1973), in 1978 to American actress Didi Sherman (they divorced in 1983), with whom he had two children, in 1989 to Italian Adonella Azzoni (divorced in 1996), with whom he has two children, to Sonia Costa (between 2001 and 2002), and in 2004, in Madrid, to Romanian Augusta Dumitraşcu, who is about 40 years his junior.

References

External links
Romanian TV Producer Valeriu Lazarov Dies At 73

Spanish television producers
Spanish people of Romanian descent
Romanian emigrants to Spain
People from Madrid
People from Bârlad
Romanian defectors
Romanian expatriates in Spain
1935 births
2009 deaths


text:
Johnny Tudor
Johnny Tudor is an actor, entertainer and writer best know for his appearances in Gavin and Stacey and Stella. His television and stage career spans several decades and included appearances in Welsh soap Pobol y Cwm and the sitcom Arrivederci Rhondda, which he wrote and starred in with Windsor Davies and Ruth Made.
Johnny is skilled writer and director, having directed three pantomimes and a musical for the Welsh television channel S4C. Together with Meic Povey he co-wrote Say it with Flowers, a drama about the life of Dorothy Squires, which opened at the Sherman Theatre in Cardiff before going on a successful tour.
His first book, My Heart is Bleeding, a biography of Dorothy Squires, was published by The History Press in 2018. Johnny is currently working on a screenplay based on Squires' life which he started to develop with Oscar-nominated Director Paul Turner.
His career began when he appeared on the television talent show Opportunity Knocks, a competition he went on to win four times. He later signed a five-year recording contract with President Records before starring in the the West End musical Cindy with Avril Angers. Further appearances in the West End followed, including starring as Hero in the National Tour of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum. Johnny was then spotted at the Gibraltar Song Festival by Dorothy Squires, who invited him to star with her at the London Palladium and on a Nationwide tour, culminating in a concert at the Royal Albert Hall. Johnny went on to perform with Tom Jones, Dick Emery, Harry Secombe and Gene Pitney.
Daf PalfreyDirectors, Writers
Rachel TreziseWriters


19. 8 on ground floor.
Feb–New Year, Conservatory restaurant closed Mon/Tues every week, plus Wed night/Thurs night/Sun night from 1 Feb–mid-May, 1 Oct–31 Dec, Duck restaurant closed for 2 weeks in Jan, Mon/Tues Jan–Apr, Oct–Dec.
reception hall, drawing room, library/bar, 2 restaurants, free Wi-Fi, in-room TV (Freeview), wedding facilities, 36-acre grounds (gardens, tennis, croquet, wildfowl reserve, lake).
allowed ('always on a lead') by prior arrangement, not in public rooms.
per room B&B €230–€670, D,B&B €350–€790. Set dinner €66.
Lavish, 'prompt and very attentive' hospitality is the order of the day at this 'distinguished' family-run hotel in an 'imposing' Regency house surrounded by 36 acres of grounds. The approach winds past 'extensive, well-kept gardens with gravel paths and tended topiary', woodland, a lake and manicured lawns. The large entrance hall's grand piano adds to the 'highest-quality stylish ambience'. Antiques, low-slung armchairs and fresh flowers fill two lounges. Upstairs, passing 'an impressive triple chandelier', Guide inspectors considered their bedroom 'a very pleasant environment, with lined cream curtains, a super-king-size bed, firm mattress and soft pillows adding up to a most restful sleep'. More sockets and a full-length mirror would have been even better. Chef Ruadhan Furlong's 'tempting' menu in the fine-dining Conservatory restaurant was 'division one without quite being top of the league', with such dishes as guineafowl, chicory, prune, polenta and red cabbage. Breakfast was thought 'excellent'. Marlfield House's garden-to-table ethos also shines through in the Duck, where the casual, modern fusion menu includes haddock tempura; lamb kofta kebabs on rosemary skewers, served in recently renovated courtyard buildings.
Nearly 500 acres of water, with golf courses surrounding the area.
A Victorian revival castle, with ornamental gardens.
The details you provide will be forwarded directly to Marlfield House.


text:
ISRO PRESS RELEASE
A few articles have been noticed recently in the print media, alleging ISRO/DOS as one of the encroachers of lake beds and reserve forest land in Bangalore. As such news may create misapprehension among the public, ISRO/DOS hereby clarifies that those news items are incorrect.
Being a Government of India Department, ISRO/DOS shall occupy any land,only after due legal and statutory procedures for purchase / allotment stipulated by the State Governments. In respect of the land occupied by Department of Space / ISRO at Nagasettyhalli and Geddalahalli villages, it is clarified that these lands were allotted to Department of Space (ISRO) by Government of Karnataka for housing the Secretariat of Department of Space/ISRO Headquarters at Bangalore after due proceedings of Government of Karnataka in the early 80s. Regarding the purchase of 24 acres of land at Jalahally, Peenya from HMT, it is clarified that this transaction was fully approved by the statutory bodies and khata assigned by BMP in 1998. It is also clarified that ISRO/DOS being a Government of India Department working for public interest, will not indulge in activities of encroachment of lakebeds and forest lands.


At this point in VR's lifecycle we've seen a few different takes on the classic card-based gameplay format. Dragon Front was one of the first, from High Voltage, but it's exclusive to the Rift and Gear VR's Oculus Home platform. We've also got the likes of Ascension VR, which takes an existing game and adapts it for the immersive space, but it doesn't bring the creatures to life in the same way. That's where new indie game, Manastorm: Champions of G'nar by DaGGaSoft comes into play.
Players can achieve the same basic functionality of Magic: The Gathering by playing with the actual rules and cards in something like Tabletop Simulator, but then it's only simulating the act of playing the standard card game you could already play in real life. It doesn't really take advantage of VR as a medium. That's where Manastorm takes the experience a step further.
While playing Manastorm, I stood behind an alchemist's table in charge of my forces, evaluating the cards in my hand. To play a card, I'd physically toss it out onto the battlefield using a motion controller, similar to how characters would summon creatures in the Yu-Gi-Oh anime series, or how Ash throws a Pokeball in Pokemon. That small flourish alone is enough to immediately make the experience feel that much more visceral.
From there, I watch as my creatures emerge from the abyss with life. They've all got a mana cost, an attack value, and a defense value — just like you'd find in Dragon Front, Magic, or even Hearthstone. My resource for summoning creatures is pulled from a collection of mana crystals that slowly increases over the course of the game.
Tossing cards to summon creatures is one thing, but the immersion goes even farther when I'm able to actually cast spells such as a fire beam. To use it, I'd actually hold out my hands in front of me as if I was actually an all-powerful sorcerer lording over my minions. I can even shoot arrows from an actual bow in the game that requires precision, rather than just clicking or pointing to an enemy.
While playing, I ended up feeling more like the mastermind behind a powerful army than just a player in a VR-ified card game. Even though the abilities are still represented as cards, it didn't prevent me from briefly suspending disbelief.
The final extra wrinkle added to the puzzle is the inclusion of alchemy mechanics. At a table in front of me, I've not only got cards to pick from, but also a small collection of ingredients.
This feature isn't very fleshed out right now — and neither is most of the game in most regards — but it could quickly become a key feature to help set the experience apart even further. Instead of picking a certain class as is typical in a game like Hearthstone or Dragon Front, the alchemy table could allow players to craft abilities and potions on the fly as necessary ingredients are acquired. Developers could build this out to add incredible diversity to the core game.
As it is right now, the blocking system was bare bones. As a big fan of Magic: The Gathering, I'd love to see that system adapted here, in which you can have your creatures block incoming attacks against you instead of unwillingly taking the damage. Generally speaking, Manastorm is in need of a bit more polish and better-explained tutorials across the board, but it's on the right track.
It's still early for Manastorm as it just launched in Early Access on Steam last week. So far, the game's only been in development by a tiny team for a few months. Features such as multiplayer and a marketplace are being considered as development continues. More cards, creatures, spells, and other feature are intended to be incorporated over time.
You can grab Manastorm in it's current form on Steam for $4.99 — a price increase is expected once it fully launches out of Early Access. Follow DaGGaSoft on Twitter and the official website for more information.


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A Few of My Favorite Things…?
by Justin P.B. Gerald on September 20, 2006 March 17, 2013
In the spirit of this week's issue, I've been thinking about a number of things in pop culture that I seem to like for no apparent reason. Sometimes I hate myself for enjoying the following things, but enjoy them I do, however much guilt I may feel.
I need not explain the use of quotation marks in this case. As Jon Stewart routinely points out, Murdoch's channel does not exhibit an iota of journalistic integrity. Kind of like The Prince. Yet unlike our daily paper, FNC keeps me entertained whenever I turn it on. Yes, I'm disgusted with the beliefs they espouse and the people they celebrate, but, although it's not as funny as Stewart or even Olbermann, it's easier to watch Hannity and friends present highly biased opinion as fact when you have the distinct goal of finding the humor in the situation. I guess it just makes me laugh when I'm informed of the goings-on in the Land of Make-Believe. And that is why, before I change the channel to avoid vomiting, I can kind of enjoy watching Fox News.
Level of Guilt: 8 (out of 10) Level of Pleasure: 4
James Patterson Novels
I feel as though I should split this entry into two, because there are two kinds of Patterson books: the ones that feature Alex Cross, and the ones that don't. None of these books are, you know, good, but Alex Cross is a fairly interesting character, and, on the other hand, in the novels that don't include him, Patterson and his various co-authors occasionally tinker with their formula. For those of you who don't know what I'm talking about, Alex Cross used to be a top detective for DC Homicide, but he was snatched away by the FBI a few years ago, presumably so Patterson could have him travel the globe, as in the one book where he tails a Russian terrorist who calls himself The Wolf. I should mention that Patterson, because he's so clever, uses a different nursery rhyme, or fairy tale, or something recognizable to young children, as the title of each of his Cross novels. I'm not sure why he calls his books things like "The Big Bad Wolf," "Roses are Red," or "Pop Goes the Weasel;" children probably shouldn't be reading about, say, twin vampires who command a tiger to maul people, so there must be another reason. Whatever it is, I can't stop myself from wasting money and a few hours on the three novels he cranks out every year, and, based on their popularity, I can't be the only one.
Guilt: 5 Pleasure: 6
There was a point, in 1998 or so, when these guys (and back then, it was just guys) were an eclectic little hip-hop group with a fairly different sound. I still listen to some of their oldest songs. Of course, I can't help but hear the music they've released since 2003, because that maddening "Where Is The Love?" catapulted them to a level from which I can only hope they tumble very soon. Because they had their biggest success with an idiotic trifle, I suppose it was a financially sound decision for them to focus on similar music. Every so often there is pleasure mixed in with the guilt, because, un-PC though it may be, I like "Let's Get Retarded." On the other hand, I can't stand "Hey Mama." Or "Don't Lie." Or "Don't Phunk With My Heart." Or "Pump It." And so on. Most of these songs are mildly entertaining about one time, and then they annoy me to no end. This is basically how I feel about Ms. Stacy Ferguson; who are these people that genuinely enjoy "London Bridge?" There is nothing good about this song, and it doesn't make any sense. You're telling me that whoever wrote that idiocy couldn't think of another example of something that "goes down?" Nevertheless, I still like "Let's Get Retarded."
"Angels in the Outfield"
When I was seven or eight, my stepfather's friend was constantly taping movies that came on HBO and giving them to us. He also brought us toys, and fish he caught himself. He's married to a twentysomething woman from West Africa, and he's pushing sixty. Weird guy. But anyway, this was one of the many movies he brought us, and at that time, not only did I legitimately believe in angels, but I also didn't know a thing about baseball, besides the fact that I thought Bernie Williams was cool. Still do. Anyway, I have no particular commentary on the religious aspect of the film, but it adds a lot to one's straightforward enjoyment. If you need a plot summary, guide your browser to IMDb. The reasons I feel guilty for the soft spot I've long had for the film are many, chief among them the character of JP. Now, JP is a black foster child who won't ride in cars because he once slept in one, and who says everything in an optimistic whine. He is constantly repeating the phrase, "It could happen," which he pronounces as, "iccahappa." And he is terrifically annoying. Also irritating is Christopher Lloyd failing to recapture his Doc Brown charm as the "Head Angel," Al. Tony Danza shows up as aging pitcher, and Matthew McConaughey and Adrien Brody are also on the team. If nothing else, this movie is good for trivia, but surely Disney, of all studios, should know how to make a kids' movie that older audiences can enjoy as well.
"Summer Girls"
I've spent a few late nights debating whether this song is trying to be as awful as it is, or if it is simply one of the most spectacular examples of bad songwriting ever to occur. Aside from the fact that the song's concept simply doesn't make sense, "Summer Girls" is a ridiculous collection of non-sequiturs. For example, "When I'm with you, you buzz like a hornet/ Billy Shakespeare wrote a whole bunch of sonnets," which only rhymes if you say it the way Rich Cronin does. The song is chock full of moments like this, which raises the question of how someone could listen "Summer Girls" without giggling throughout it. So do I think its idiocy is intentional, or accidental? Well, unintentional idiocy results in nauseating spectacles like "London Bridge," and "Summer Girls" is so pleasant and frothy that I have to assume that they succeeded at whatever it is they were trying to do. It's still so damn stupid though.
On the bus up to Vermont for OA way back in 2003, a few dozen of us bright young tigers had ourselves quite a laugh with this Schwarzenegger flick. We particularly enjoyed the moment when Jamie Lee Curtis drops an automatic firearm on a staircase, and it starts endlessly firing bullets. Several terrorists with their own automatics come running to the staircase, presumably to shoot Curtis, but the gun, which is bouncing down the stairs in slow motion, mows down every single one of them. Curtis isn't hit once. And this is the essence of "True Lies." This is quite a ridiculous movie, with some absolutely ridiculous scenes, topped off with a positively ridiculous finale involving nuclear missiles in the middle of a city. Much of this is standard fare for Arnold, of course, but what makes this one so enjoyable is that it has a refreshing sense of humor, as James Cameron seems well aware of how silly his movie is. It revels in its goofiness, it takes you along for its absurd little ride, and after Arnold saves his daughter, Eliza Dushku, from falling to her death, you're just waiting for him to dispatch the vaguely ethnic terrorist with a wonderful one-liner. And then, releasing a missile, he says, "You're fired," and you squeal with glee. Or, at least, I do.
"The Flavor of Love"
I wonder if VH1 knew what they'd created when they decided to give Flavor Flav the chance to pick amongst twenty golddiggers with the hopes that he might find true love (or so he says). They probably couldn't have predicted the shitting on the floor. They might not have been able to predict the spitting in the face. And they certainly couldn't have predicted New York. But once they recognized what was happening, they knew how to handle it. And now New York is back. Last season, I really wanted Hoopz to beat her, but in round two, I honestly don't like a single one of them. And since she is the most entertaining one of them all, I guess I'm actually rooting for New York, something that I never thought would happen. And only "The Flavor of Love" can cause me to enjoy the presence of someone who is so clearly insane.
Guilt: 3 Pleasure 10
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On Nov. 24, the Southern University Jaguars competed against the Grambling State University Tigers at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. The arena was filled with cheering fans and powerful bands.
Southern University ended the game with a 38-28 victory.


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Achieving Failure
July 2, 2016 Mike
Our society values success.
Our work environments value triumphing over the competition. We look to our investments to beat the market. We support our favorite teams, but adore them when they trounce their rivals. Our schools and colleges (mostly) help educate our children, but do so in a way that rewards success — good grades, good test scores and good behavior (as in, same as everyone else). We continually reward our kids for success on a task, at school, with a team.
Yet, all of us know, in our hearts and the back of our minds, that the most important lessons and trials stem from failure — not success. From failure we learn to persevere, we learn to change and adapt, we learn to overcome. From failure we learn to avoid, or tackle obstacles head on; we learn to reassess and reevaluate. We evolve from our failures.
So this begs the question: why are so many of our processes and systems geared solely to rewarding and reinforcing success?
From NPR:
Is failure a positive opportunity to learn and grow, or is it a negative experience that hinders success? How parents answer that question has a big influence on how much children think they can improve their intelligence through hard work, a study says.
"Parents are a really critical force in child development when you think about how motivation and mindsets develop," says Kyla Haimovitz, a professor of psychology at Stanford University. She coauthored the study, published in Psychological Science with colleague Carol Dweck, who pioneered research on mindsets. "Parents have this powerful effect really early on and throughout childhood to send messages about what is failure, how to respond to it."
Although there's been a lot of research on how these forces play out, relatively little looks at what parents can do to motivate their kids in school, Haimovitz says. This study begins filling that gap.
"There is a fair amount of evidence showing that when children view their abilities as more malleable and something they can change over time, then they deal with obstacles in a more constructive way," says Gail Heyman, a professor of psychology at the University of California at San Diego who was not involved in this study.
But communicating that message to children is not simple.
"Parents need to represent this to their kids in the ways they react about their kids' failures and setbacks," Haimovitz says. "We need to really think about what's visible to the other person, what message I'm sending in terms of my words and my deeds."
In other words, if a child comes home with a D on a math test, how a parent responds will influence how the child perceives their own ability to learn math. Even a well-intentioned, comforting response of "It's OK, you're still a great writer" may send the message that it's time to give up on math rather than learn from the problems they got wrong, Haimovitz explains.
Read the entire story here.
behaviorchildrenfailurepsychologyrewardsuccess
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