text:
require "secure_headers/configuration"
require "secure_headers/hash_helper"
require "secure_headers/headers/cookie"
require "secure_headers/headers/public_key_pins"
require "secure_headers/headers/content_security_policy"
require "secure_headers/headers/x_frame_options"
require "secure_headers/headers/strict_transport_security"
require "secure_headers/headers/x_xss_protection"
require "secure_headers/headers/x_content_type_options"
require "secure_headers/headers/x_download_options"
require "secure_headers/headers/x_permitted_cross_domain_policies"
require "secure_headers/headers/referrer_policy"
require "secure_headers/headers/clear_site_data"
require "secure_headers/headers/expect_certificate_transparency"
require "secure_headers/middleware"
require "secure_headers/railtie"
require "secure_headers/view_helper"
require "useragent"
require "singleton"

# All headers (except for hpkp) have a default value. Provide SecureHeaders::OPT_OUT
# or ":optout_of_protection" as a config value to disable a given header
module SecureHeaders
  class NoOpHeaderConfig
    include Singleton

    def boom(*args)
      raise "Illegal State: attempted to modify NoOpHeaderConfig. Create a new config instead."
    end

    def to_h
      {}
    end

    def dup
      self.class.instance
    end

    def opt_out?
      true
    end

    alias_method :[], :boom
    alias_method :[]=, :boom
    alias_method :keys, :boom
  end

  OPT_OUT = NoOpHeaderConfig.instance
  SECURE_HEADERS_CONFIG = "secure_headers_request_config".freeze
  NONCE_KEY = "secure_headers_content_security_policy_nonce".freeze
  HTTPS = "https".freeze
  CSP = ContentSecurityPolicy

  ALL_HEADER_CLASSES = [
    ExpectCertificateTransparency,
    ClearSiteData,
    ContentSecurityPolicyConfig,
    ContentSecurityPolicyReportOnlyConfig,
    StrictTransportSecurity,
    PublicKeyPins,
    ReferrerPolicy,
    XContentTypeOptions,
    XDownloadOptions,
    XFrameOptions,
    XPermittedCrossDomainPolicies,
    XXssProtection
  ].freeze

  ALL_HEADERS_BESIDES_CSP = (
    ALL_HEADER_CLASSES -
      [ContentSecurityPolicyConfig, ContentSecurityPolicyReportOnlyConfig]
  ).freeze

  # Headers set on http requests (excludes STS and HPKP)
  HTTP_HEADER_CLASSES =
    (ALL_HEADER_CLASSES - [StrictTransportSecurity, PublicKeyPins]).freeze

  class << self
    # Public: override a given set of directives for the current request. If a
    # value already exists for a given directive, it will be overridden.
    #
    # If CSP was previously OPT_OUT, a new blank policy is used.
    #
    # additions - a hash containing directives. e.g.
    #    script_src: %w(another-host.com)
    def override_content_security_policy_directives(request, additions, target = nil)
      config, target = config_and_target(request, target)

      if [:both, :enforced].include?(target)
        if config.csp.opt_out?
          config.csp = ContentSecurityPolicyConfig.new({})
        end

        config.csp.merge!(additions)
      end

      if [:both, :report_only].include?(target)
        if config.csp_report_only.opt_out?
          config.csp_report_only = ContentSecurityPolicyReportOnlyConfig.new({})
        end

        config.csp_report_only.merge!(additions)
      end

      override_secure_headers_request_config(request, config)
    end

    # Public: appends source values to the current configuration. If no value
    # is set for a given directive, the value will be merged with the default-src
    # value. If a value exists for the given directive, the values will be combined.
    #
    # additions - a hash containing directives. e.g.
    #    script_src: %w(another-host.com)
    def append_content_security_policy_directives(request, additions, target = nil)
      config, target = config_and_target(request, target)

      if [:both, :enforced].include?(target) && !config.csp.opt_out?
        config.csp.append(additions)
      end

      if [:both, :report_only].include?(target) && !config.csp_report_only.opt_out?
        config.csp_report_only.append(additions)
      end

      override_secure_headers_request_config(request, config)
    end

    def use_content_security_policy_named_append(request, name)
      additions = SecureHeaders::Configuration.named_appends(name).call(request)
      append_content_security_policy_directives(request, additions)
    end

    # Public: override X-Frame-Options settings for this request.
    #
    # value - deny, sameorigin, or allowall
    #
    # Returns the current config
    def override_x_frame_options(request, value)
      config = config_for(request)
      config.update_x_frame_options(value)
      override_secure_headers_request_config(request, config)
    end

    # Public: opts out of setting a given header by creating a temporary config
    # and setting the given headers config to OPT_OUT.
    def opt_out_of_header(request, header_key)
      config = config_for(request)
      config.opt_out(header_key)
      override_secure_headers_request_config(request, config)
    end

    # Public: opts out of setting all headers by telling secure_headers to use
    # the NOOP configuration.
    def opt_out_of_all_protection(request)
      use_secure_headers_override(request, Configuration::NOOP_CONFIGURATION)
    end

    # Public: Builds the hash of headers that should be applied base on the
    # request.
    #
    # StrictTransportSecurity and PublicKeyPins are not applied to http requests.
    # See #config_for to determine which config is used for a given request.
    #
    # Returns a hash of header names => header values. The value
    # returned is meant to be merged into the header value from `@app.call(env)`
    # in Rack middleware.
    def header_hash_for(request)
      prevent_dup = true
      config = config_for(request, prevent_dup)
      headers = config.cached_headers
      user_agent = UserAgent.parse(request.user_agent)

      if !config.csp.opt_out? && config.csp.modified?
        headers = update_cached_csp(config.csp, headers, user_agent)
      end

      if !config.csp_report_only.opt_out? && config.csp_report_only.modified?
        headers = update_cached_csp(config.csp_report_only, headers, user_agent)
      end

      header_classes_for(request).each_with_object({}) do |klass, hash|
        if header = headers[klass::CONFIG_KEY]
          header_name, value = if klass == ContentSecurityPolicyConfig || klass == ContentSecurityPolicyReportOnlyConfig
            csp_header_for_ua(header, user_agent)
          else
            header
          end
          hash[header_name] = value
        end
      end
    end

    # Public: specify which named override will be used for this request.
    # Raises an argument error if no named override exists.
    #
    # name - the name of the previously configured override.
    def use_secure_headers_override(request, name)
      if config = Configuration.get(name)
        override_secure_headers_request_config(request, config)
      else
        raise ArgumentError.new("no override by the name of #{name} has been configured")
      end
    end

    # Public: gets or creates a nonce for CSP.
    #
    # The nonce will be added to script_src
    #
    # Returns the nonce
    def content_security_policy_script_nonce(request)
      content_security_policy_nonce(request, ContentSecurityPolicy::SCRIPT_SRC)
    end

    # Public: gets or creates a nonce for CSP.
    #
    # The nonce will be added to style_src
    #
    # Returns the nonce
    def content_security_policy_style_nonce(request)
      content_security_policy_nonce(request, ContentSecurityPolicy::STYLE_SRC)
    end

    # Public: Retreives the config for a given header type:
    #
    # Checks to see if there is an override for this request, then
    # Checks to see if a named override is used for this request, then
    # Falls back to the global config
    def config_for(request, prevent_dup = false)
      config = request.env[SECURE_HEADERS_CONFIG] ||
        Configuration.get(Configuration::DEFAULT_CONFIG)

      # Global configs are frozen, per-request configs are not. When we're not
      # making modifications to the config, prevent_dup ensures we don't dup
      # the object unnecessarily. It's not necessarily frozen to begin with.
      if config.frozen? && !prevent_dup
        config.dup
      else
        config
      end
    end

    private
    TARGETS = [:both, :enforced, :report_only]
    def raise_on_unknown_target(target)
      unless TARGETS.include?(target)
        raise "Unrecognized target: #{target}. Must be [:both, :enforced, :report_only]"
      end
    end

    def config_and_target(request, target)
      config = config_for(request)
      target = guess_target(config) unless target
      raise_on_unknown_target(target)
      [config, target]
    end

    def guess_target(config)
      if !config.csp.opt_out? && !config.csp_report_only.opt_out?
        :both
      elsif !config.csp.opt_out?
        :enforced
      elsif !config.csp_report_only.opt_out?
        :report_only
      else
        :both
      end
    end

    # Private: gets or creates a nonce for CSP.
    #
    # Returns the nonce
    def content_security_policy_nonce(request, script_or_style)
      request.env[NONCE_KEY] ||= SecureRandom.base64(32).chomp
      nonce_key = script_or_style == ContentSecurityPolicy::SCRIPT_SRC ? :script_nonce : :style_nonce
      append_content_security_policy_directives(request, nonce_key => request.env[NONCE_KEY])
      request.env[NONCE_KEY]
    end

    # Private: convenience method for specifying which configuration object should
    # be used for this request.
    #
    # Returns the config.
    def override_secure_headers_request_config(request, config)
      request.env[SECURE_HEADERS_CONFIG] = config
    end

    # Private: determines which headers are applicable to a given request.
    #
    # Returns a list of classes whose corresponding header values are valid for
    # this request.
    def header_classes_for(request)
      if request.scheme == HTTPS
        ALL_HEADER_CLASSES
      else
        HTTP_HEADER_CLASSES
      end
    end

    def update_cached_csp(config, headers, user_agent)
      headers = Configuration.send(:deep_copy, headers)
      headers[config.class::CONFIG_KEY] = {}
      variation = ContentSecurityPolicy.ua_to_variation(user_agent)
      headers[config.class::CONFIG_KEY][variation] = ContentSecurityPolicy.make_header(config, user_agent)
      headers
    end

    # Private: chooses the applicable CSP header for the provided user agent.
    #
    # headers - a hash of header_config_key => [header_name, header_value]
    #
    # Returns a CSP [header, value] array
    def csp_header_for_ua(headers, user_agent)
      headers[ContentSecurityPolicy.ua_to_variation(user_agent)]
    end
  end

  # These methods are mixed into controllers and delegate to the class method
  # with the same name.
  def use_secure_headers_override(name)
    SecureHeaders.use_secure_headers_override(request, name)
  end

  def content_security_policy_script_nonce
    SecureHeaders.content_security_policy_script_nonce(request)
  end

  def content_security_policy_style_nonce
    SecureHeaders.content_security_policy_style_nonce(request)
  end

  def opt_out_of_header(header_key)
    SecureHeaders.opt_out_of_header(request, header_key)
  end

  def append_content_security_policy_directives(additions)
    SecureHeaders.append_content_security_policy_directives(request, additions)
  end

  def override_content_security_policy_directives(additions)
    SecureHeaders.override_content_security_policy_directives(request, additions)
  end

  def override_x_frame_options(value)
    SecureHeaders.override_x_frame_options(request, value)
  end

  def use_content_security_policy_named_append(name)
    SecureHeaders.use_content_security_policy_named_append(request, name)
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Tower of Heaven is an unabashedly old-school title, and it�ll take no more than a cursory glance at a screenshot to come to this conclusion. Two dimensions, three colours, four buttons � it wouldn�t look or sound out of place on the chunky, yellowed Game Boy sitting in that mangled cardboard box in your garage.
Or so you�d be compelled to think. Though ostensibly gratifyingly crude and backwards in its overall design, this is arguably a sly, deliberately deceptive tactic on the part of two-man development team Askiisoft.
Tower of Heaven�s look and general feel are familiar to the point of comfort, and just as you�re sucked in by its post- retro-revival majesty it delivers the sucker punch. It�s not that this little title is tough, no; it�s absolutely brutal.
Degrees of difficulty are obviously an element of design perceived in the eye of the beholder, but Tower of Heaven is knowingly rock solid from the off. That someone can actually finish it in as little as two minutes and seventeen seconds is nigh on inconceivable to me, myself a less dextrous player who took and hour and approximately one hundred and sixty deaths to see the experience to its wonderful conclusion. Like a diamond in the rough it�s small, but makes up for that in sheer force of resistance.
Chipping away is the only option, painfully and gradually tackling stages that only once or twice commit the heinous crime of unexpected killing. Askiisoft have hardly taken the lazy route themselves in this respect � their balancing act is a dazzling one.
Spontaneous death is a hallmark of poor design, and as indicated above, Tower of Heaven is as close to watertight as it�s possible to be. To craft something so demanding is one thing, but to do so without eventual failure as an inevitability is another entirely.
This controlled equilibrium is achieved in large part by the way stages are constructed as the player character ascends the titular Tower. Each individual obstacle is candidly surmountable, but connect three or four to be conquered in a single fluid string of jumps and the test is multiplied tenfold in a manner that naturally eludes the notion of injustice.
Control is tighter than even Mario�s best 2D outings, ensuring each misstep is just that � an error in timing, a lapse in judgement or a momentary oversight. Death is an omnipresent and crushingly overbearing threat, but it�s perfectly possible to give it the slip.
All right, what have we learned so far? It�s hard. So what? True, countless old games were like that, but few to so finely pitched a measure as Tower of Heaven. Another of its myriad strengths and a similar differentiator from its apparent influences is the lack of a lives system.
What we have in its place is a time limit on each floor of the Tower, encouraging quick reactions and preparation, both in muscle memory and psychologically, for a smooth run. Most players will jump in with the knowledge that though it�s possible to reach the next stairwell unscathed, it�s by no means probable. They�ll have to take multiple attempts before each level�s intricacies can be reasonably anticipated and dispatched in a timely fashion, but these attempts are unlimited.
The absence of consequences could debatably foster complacency in the player - just guess and check, leap and perish time and again - but the roadblock of punishing difficulty gets neatly in the way.
By placing the onus on a healthy mixture of quick fingers and meticulous precision rather than one extreme or the other, there�s ample leeway for the lesser skilled player to explore the workings of each set of hurdles in an almost puzzle-like manner before taking that run-up whilst simultaneously eliminating the now redundant but weirdly pervasive Game Over screen and alleviating an irritating peripheral factor from the shoulders of speed-runners. All in all, it�s a small change, but one that powers something of a sensible catch-all policy.
By far the most striking and intriguing aspect of Tower of Heaven � and one that is hardwired to its ferocious difficulty � is the �Book of Laws� that the player is handed by the so-called god above. These dictate the conditions of play and progressively ratchet up the challenge factor.
The Book surfaces as a simple enough �Thou shalt not touch yellow blocks� rule, but the further �Thou shalt not walk left� requires a bit of lateral thinking to solve. Situations that engage the brain are more frequent than one would expect in such an outwardly twitch based game, and by the penultimate level the Laws number several, each more taxing than the last. Akin to the considered level layout, it�s the combination of these that sets Tower of Heaven apart.
The Book is unique in another aspect. We�re usually clamped firmly to this path or that by the designer, and even in self-proclaimed �non-linear� experiences we�re accustomed to having no more than dual narrative tracks, which are themselves normally restricted to non-essential aspects of the plot and can have little or no bearing on the overall story arc.
In Tower of Heaven, the presence of an in-game authority serves as more than just an excuse for excessive dictation and scripting. It�s an integral part of what little narrative there is � a god that�s watching your every move and altering the very fundamentals of the physical world around you on the fly.
It�s reminiscent of Portal�s inspiring scenario, but to an even more authoritative degree and in the context of a side-scrolling platform game. It�s a rule defined experience, but one whose rules are perpetually shifting further in favour of the powers that be.
For this, Tower of Heaven is almost more liberating than Infamous, BioShock or Grand Theft Auto can ever be. Quitting and allowing the Tower to stand forever more is a perfectly valid option should the game become too challenging. Niko will always be ready to attempt Four Leaf Clover, but this is an experience about you and your reaction to extreme adversity.
It never yields or scales down, and by walking away you know you�re allowing a potentially malevolent force to continue its doings from the top of the Tower and depriving yourself of a satisfying (not to mention very pretty) conclusion to the tale.
The player has no agency, no ability to approach it the way they wish besides either persevering or closing the window forever. This could be based on their reaction to the lack of freedom, and this is Tower of Heaven�s greatest achievement.
For once, a loss of the will to continue is just as acceptable as starting over and over, and this reveals the two ironies that define it. Firstly, attempts at each level are infinite, but refusal to accept the next shot is alright. Secondly, a complete lack of choice in the context of how to approach the game results in more freedom than any sandbox playground or half-baked moral choice ever could.


text:
Stefano Shows Off His Very Own Vanity Project
By Zeke Turner • 08/11/10 12:48am
"I think we should have our salad and then we will go fast through the magazine," said Stefano Tonchi, the editor of W. It was Tuesday afternoon on the fourth floor of 4 Times Square and Mr. Tonchi was wearing a two-button gray suit and an open-collared white shirt. He was showing off his newly redesigned W to a small group of reporters and Condé Nast publicists in a room abutting the Frank Gehry-designed cafeteria.
Brand-new editor at large Lynn Hirschberg and creative director Jody Quon were also there. So off to page 204 we go, with a short item written by Sports Illustrated's Jon Wertheim, accompanied by a dark, sultry photo of the 25-year-old American tennis player John Isner (pronounced Is-Ner).
"This is something on Eyes-ner," Mr. Tonchi said.
'They have been doing a magazine for a very boring readership. I was very surprised when they talked about it like a vanity project, but there was not a lot of vanity.'
"Tennis player," whispered Ms. Hirschberg, instructively, to the group of reporters.
"The marathon man …" continued Mr. Tonchi.
"Guy was in the longest match ever," whispered Ms. Hirschberg.
"It's a little taste-preview of what will be in the U.S. Open and the great hope of American tennis!" he concluded.
The cover features eight relatively unknown American actresses, including Emma Roberts, Zoe Kravitz and Mary Elizabeth Winstead. They are supposed to be the next big things!
Mr. Tonchi went with these gals instead of, say, Julia Roberts (Elle's September cover girl).
Once his presentation — and it was fast — was over, we asked him to explain the choice.
"The happy marriage is when you and the celebrity are in the cover to promote the magazine, to promote the content of the magazine and to represent the magazine somehow," he said. "When the celebrity is on the cover of the magazine to promote the piece or her movie, I think the magazine is a loser."
And what separates W from the rest of the field?
"We have a different readership — I think there is space out there that is a little bit edgier than, say, Vogue, Vanity Fair, Elle, so on, because we have a smaller circulation. We can take risks that they cannot do because they have to answer to a very demanding newsstand."
And what about that WSJ. glossy magazine and Rupert Murdoch? Are they competition?
"He has the resources to do it, but he should try to reach the people that he doesn't have already," said Mr. Tonchi. "They have been doing a magazine for a very boring readership. I was very surprised when they talked about it like a vanity project, but there was not a lot of vanity."
At the luncheon, there was some talk about the magazine's Web site and iPads and iPhones. W will launch a family of apps in the spring.
What does Mr. Tonchi's staff think?
"I'm very eager to embrace that part of the magazine," said Ms. Quon. "You can't have one without the other."
"I'm going to buy an iPad!" said Ms. Hirschberg.
"I'm going to buy one for you," said Ms. Quon.
"I'm going to buy an iPad! I'm going to buy an iPad! I don't have a computer, so this is a big moment for me," continued Ms. Hirschberg.
And how does she write her stories now without a computer?
"I don't type them," said Ms. Hirschberg. "I give a handwritten copy to someone who types them, who I pay."
zturner@observer.com / @zekeft
Filed Under: Home, Media, Off the Record, Wall Street Journal, Sports Illustrated, WSJ, 4 Times Square
SEE ALSO: Why Wyclef?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sixty-three issuers uplisted from the OTC Markets to the NASDAQ, NYSE, or NYSE American in 2017! That's a significant increase from the thirty-five issuers that uplisted in 2016. While some of the world's largest companies trade on the OTC Markets, many smallcap and microcap issuers view the OTC Markets as a launching pad for a national NASDAQ or NYSE listing.
Reg A+ IPOs have seen significant success over the last six months. To date, seven companies used Regulation A+ to raise a total of $111.7 million and list on the Nasdaq and NYSE. Below, we look at the these seven companies, how much they raised, where they listed, what they do, and how they are doing now. Myomo, Inc.


text:
Fighting to Find Your Purpose
Everything is Open to Interpretation
Posted bykellygicalewrites March 15, 2020 March 16, 2020 Posted inUncategorizedTags:career, fulfillment, inspirational, meaning, personal development, purpose
"There is no such thing as failure, there's just giving up too soon."
-Jonas Salk
Wherever you're reading this, I know it has been a trying week for you. The COVID-19 Coronavirus has affected everyone across the world, and the fear and uncertainty have put a lot of things into perspective for many of us. As a general rule, I think, global health crises tend to have that effect.
In contemplating this week's post, the situation made me feel guilty about dedicating so much time and energy to finding my purpose and sharing it here. How could I be so self-absorbed to think this is worthwhile, when there are people dying and susceptible populations living in what seems to be a well-founded fear of leaving their homes?
Yes, I am not completely unaware of the fact that many would consider this pursuit–this fight–as wholly the product of egotism, perhaps verging on narcissism.
But then I started to dig deeper. I sincerely believe that we are all here for a reason and that by finding and living our individual purposes, we will all live better, more fulfilled lives. And in my experience, people who live better, more fulfilled lives seem to treat others with more respect and understanding. They seem to be (even if slightly) more secure, less fearful, and more willing to choose compassion over fear or hatred. So, if my little blog can help move our society's needle in that direction in even a microscopic amount, is it still a selfish pursuit?
I am not certain of the answer, and perhaps it will always be that way–open to interpretation. Either way, I obviously did decide to continue with a post this week, if for no other reason than the hope it will provide you with something to think about other than COVID-19, which seems inescapable right now.
To remind us that this too shall pass, and that there are brilliant minds working around the clock to make sure of it, I wanted to highlight a scientist whose pursuit of his dharma was undoubtedly selfless. Unlike many in his profession who show a passion for their field at an early age, this scientist wasn't born with a love for science. He knew his heart's calling, but it took some time to figure out how to best interpret and act on it. Thankfully for us all, he did win that fight, and in the process he saved millions of lives.
This week, we will attempt to learn something from the purpose-driven life of Dr. Jonas Salk, the American medical researcher and virologist who developed the polio vaccine.
Dr. Jonas Edward Salk
"As a child, I was not interested in science. I was merely interested in things human, the human side of nature, if you like, and I continue to be interested in that."
-Dr. Jonas Salk in an interview with the Academy of Achievement
Born in New York City, Jonas Salk was a child of Ashkenazi Jewish parents who had emigrated from eastern Europe. Although his parents weren't well-educated, Salk's intelligence and scholastic aptitude were recognized early on, and he entered high school at the age of 13, college at the age of 15. Salk's purpose began calling to him when he was young, but it didn't relate at all to scientific discoveries. According to Salk, "As a child, I was not interested in science. I was merely interested in things human, the human side of nature, if you like, and I continue to be interested in that."
Although Salk originally had aspirations of being a lawyer, his mother persuaded him to become a doctor instead. Consequently, he spent his college years earning a Bachelor's in chemistry and taking all of the prerequisites for medical school. However, he soon realized that, despite his mother's wishes, his purpose was not to practice medicine. Instead, he discovered a passion for research.
The laboratory work gave Salk direction and sparked his curiosity, but his own words reveal that in research he merely found the right conduit for his life's purpose: to help humankind. He said in an interview, "I had opportunities along the way to drop the idea of medicine and go into science…I was told that I could, if I wished, switch and get a Ph.D. in biochemistry, but my preference was to stay with medicine. And, I believe that this is all linked to my original ambition, or desire, which was to be of some help to humankind, so to speak, in a larger sense than just on a one-to-one basis."
Salk in 1955, the year his vaccine was announced a success
From there, Salk was exposed (pun intended) to virology through work on influenza and a postgraduate position in a laboratory focused on virus research. In virology, Salk had discovered the best possible vocation for channeling his purpose. He was granted his own lab, but a call from a national foundation asking him to study different strains of polio led him to the work that would change all of our lives.
At the time, polio was one of the most feared epidemics in America. In 1952 alone, it infected tens of thousands of people, killed several thousand, and left over 20,000 children paralyzed. In 1955, when Salk announced the success of the clinical trial for his vaccine, the world responded with gratitude and action. Several countries began employing his vaccine immediately to protect their people, and as a result of Salk's work, the threat of polio has been almost entirely eliminated.
So, while Dr. Jonas Salk had a keen sense that his purpose was to help humankind, his interpretation of how best to accomplish that purpose changed several times over the course of his life. He initially thought it would be through the practice of law, then medicine, then in the lab, and finally, in researching viruses.
If a young person told you they believed their purpose was to help humankind, what would you expect them to go on to become? I personally tend to think of an activist, a politician, a religious leader, or perhaps a member of the PeaceCorps. Salk himself seemed to think it would be as a lawyer at first, but through his changing interpretation of what it means to help human kind, he was able to fight to find the best fit for him to carry out his calling.
So, the lessons from Dr. Jonas Salk? A purpose is something innate, something within you that screams to be acted upon. However, how you act upon it is up to you, and your interpretation of that purpose is the only one that matters. And thanks to Dr. Salk, we now know that our interpretation can change over time until we find the best way to carry it out.
Be safe and stay healthy. This too shall pass, and soon we will have our own Jonas Salk to laud as the one whose purpose led them to defeat COVID-19.
When Your Purpose is Bringing Joy to Others
Follow Fighting to Find Your Purpose on WordPress.com
Waiting for Our Time to Shine
When Things Don't Go As Planned
Acting in the Face of Fear
Searching For Signs in the World
When Envy is a Good Thing
Change is in the Air
You Have Everything You Need in This Moment
Planting the Seeds of Our Future Selves
When the Future is Uncertain
Are You There, God? It's Us, All of Us
We're All Here for a Reason
Fighting to Find Your Purpose, Blog at WordPress.com.


At less than half the size and a third of the price of the Raspberry Pi (Rasp Pi), the tiny C.H.I.P. computer packs quite a punch. C.H.I.P. comes equipped with a 1GHz Alwinner R8 processor. The C.H.I.P. board has had WiFi and Bluetooth support longer than the Rasp Pi. C.H.I.P. has 512MB of RAM and, instead of using an SD or a microSD card, it relies on 4GB of on-board flash memory to store the operating system and files, which means that the operating system and the firmware are one and the same. This design has its own set of consequences – some good, and some tricky.
On one hand, C.H.I.P. boots very quickly and is less prone to the operating system corruption that has plagued the Rasp Pi. On the other, you can't just download the operating system and copy it onto a memory card. Instead, you have to go through the slightly more complex (and scary) process of "flashing." But, don't worry, the creators of C.H.I.P. have developed a graphic tool that make the process much easier.
As for ports, the C.H.I.P. has one USB Micro B connector. That's the same kind of USB connector you'll find on your phone or to power the Rasp Pi. As with the Pi, you would usually use this port to provide power for the C.H.I.P. However, since you can also power the C.H.I.P. through the pin headers or a battery, you can use the USB port for different things. By default, connecting C.H.I.P.'s micro USB to a computer will create a USB Serial connection, so you can access C.H.I.P. with a screen or cu session in a terminal. With Linux kernel modifications, it is possible to enable the USB for other uses, such as an Ethernet bridge.
The other USB port is a Type A female connector, which is like the USB connectors you would typically find on the side of your laptop. This port is good for plugging a keyboard or mouse into the C.H.I.P. If you want to run a keyboard and a mouse together, invest in a powered USB hub.
The C.H.I.P. designers devised an interesting way of hooking the C.H.I.P. up to a display. It looks like a throwback to the 80s and the days of Commodore 64 and Sinclair Spectrum mini-computers. C.H.I.P. doesn't come with an HDMI or even a VGA connector. Instead, the C.H.I.P. has an 1/8" TRRS connector and a bright pink adapter (Figure 1). You plug one end into the TRRS (the TRRS is the circular port sandwiched between the USB ports and that looks like it's waiting for a headphone jack – in fact you can use it for a headphone jack), the other end goes into three female RCA on the back of your TV. On my TV, after trying several combinations (Figure 2), I got a video after selecting the TV's AV2 input.
Figure 1: The C.H.I.P. family photo. From left to right and top to bottom: the C.H.I.P., the Pocket C.H.I.P. console, a VGA adapter, an HDMI adapter, a spare battery, and the bright pink default TV adapter.
Figure 2: I felt like I was back in 1985, plugging a computer into the TV.
If you want a higher-quality image, you can also pay for a VGA or an HDMI adapter, but then you would also have to update the firmware. Another thing you can get for your C.H.I.P. is a battery, because your nine-dollar computer will happily run off one of those too.
Once you boot up, the interface should be immediately familiar. The C.H.I.P.'s default firmware is standard Debian (just like the Rasp Pi's) compiled for the Alwinner microprocessor. The default desktop is not LXDE like the Pi, but the very similar Xfce.
While I was using the C.H.I.P., I noticed the WiFi would cut out from time to time. I also found it hard to access the C.H.I.P. from a desktop computer over SSH. We couldn't even get it to respond to ping commands. These problems might have been caused by the fact that WiFi power save management was switched on by default.
Then run iw dev wlan0 get power_save to make sure you have deactivated it.
Now, if you check the status of the server, as shown above, everything should show up clean, and you should be able to connect from another computer on the network. You can connect using user chip and the default password chip.
Click on Computer Things! to open the application menu (Figure 3), and you will be able to access all the graphical software. You can use the Settings Manager to adjust your keyboard, the language, and the look and feel of your C.H.I.P.
Figure 3: Click on Computer Things! to access all the applications.
Apart from Xfce's configuration manager, a web browser, graphics programs, a terminal emulator, and so on, there are two great and original games you must try: Alex the Allegator 4 (that's not a typo, by the way, and I wonder what happened to 1 through 3), and Spout, an incredibly addictive 8-bit wonder. With the Thunar file manager (Figure 4), you will able to navigate through your folders and files – and even connect to servers using most network protocols.
Figure 4: Thunar is the default file browser. You can also use it to browse the network.
Eventually, you will want to install your own software. Reach the package installer, choose System, and pick the Package updater. You should run this from time to time, maybe daily, to make sure your system is fully up to date.
You have two available package tools: Packages and Synaptic. Theoretically, they both do the same thing. Synaptic (Figure 5), however, is a graphical software management system that Debian users have been using for years, and it seems more complete. Open Synaptic and first click on the Reload button to see the complete catalog of available packages.
Figure 5: Synaptic allows you to manage all your packages from one single app.
Sooner or later, you will probably want to get your C.H.I.P. doing something else. Maybe you bought it with the Pocket console and you want to use it connected to a regular monitor and hook up a regular keyboard and mouse. Or maybe it's the other way round, you read this article, and it tempted you to splash out on the Pocket console, but your C.H.I.P. came configured as a regular computer.
Being a little beast, and the key word being little, the C.H.I.P. doesn't have much space for the firmware/operating system. This means that there are several firmwares around for each specific use you're going to give your micro-computer. With the Pi, you can just power down, switch to another SD/microSD card, and power up again. But, as mentioned above, the C.H.I.P. doesn't use an external card. Instead, the operating system is stored in a 4GB flash memory chip soldered onto the board. To get an operating system onto that, you're going to need to flash it.
Don't worry, because flashing the C.H.I.P. is quite easy. You will need to use the Chrome or Chromium web browser for this, since the tool requires a Chrome-specific extension.
Visit the C.H.I.P. Flasher site  to download and install the extension. You will have the choice of a variety of firmwares (Figure 6). You can install the firmware on the fly, downloading and installing at the same time, or, if you click on the cloud icon in the upper right corner of each picture, you can download the firmware to your computer and then choose Flash from a file. The Flash from a file option is probably the safest.
Figure 6: The Flasher allows you to choose from a variety of firmwares.
Figure 7: The flashing process in order, from left to right and top to bottom.
1. The first screen is just a welcome screen. Press Next.
2. You will be asked to put the C.H.I.P. into FEL (flashing) mode. You put the system in flashing mode by connecting two pins: the FEL pin and a GND pin. Just in case it is not clear from the Flasher's animations, if you hold the C.H.I.P. with the USB ports towards you and facing upwards, the FEL pin is on the bank on the right, on the inner column, and fourth from the top (see Figure 8). You can use a jumper cable or an unfolded paper clip to connect to the GND pin at the bottom of the column. When you're done, press NEXT.
Figure 8: Connect the FEL pin to a GND pin to put the C.H.I.P. into flashing mode.
3. Use a USB cable to connect the micro USB on the C.H.I.P. to a USB port on your computer. The Flasher should detect the C.H.I.P. automatically. If it doesn't, make sure the USB port on your computer is not a USB 3 port (the ones with the blue "tongue" inside). If it is, try connecting the C.H.I.P. to a USB 2 port, since many users have reported problems with USB 3. If you don't have a USB 2 port on your computer, try using a USB hub with USB 2 ports connected to your computer.
4. If you have chosen to install from a pre-downloaded file (the recommended way), you will be asked to pick your file now.
6. After a while (between 20 minutes and half an hour in my experience), the flashing update will complete.
The C.H.I.P. comes with no fewer than 80 pins (Figure 9), most of which are programmable, and you can use them for your hardware projects. The most obviously useful pins are the XIO pins (referred to as "GPIOs" in the C.H.I.P.'s documentation pages). Although the official documentation only lists 8 GPIOs (XIO-P0 through XIO-P7), in fact, you can use practically everything that is not a GND pin or supplies a constant voltage (VCC). For example, you can hook up an LED to an LCD pin and still see it blink.
Figure 9: Complete pin layout for the C.H.I.P.
1. Export the GPIO so a special directory gets created under /sys/class/gpio.
2. Set the GPIO's direction file to in for reading (the default) or out for writing.
3. Get the GPIO's value if you're reading, or push a or a 1 into the GPIO's value file to set it to LOW or HIGH.
But, before you try it out, you have to figure out what addresses your Linux has assigned to the XIO pins, because the addresses vary from kernel version to kernel version.
This command will create the directory /sys/class/gpio/gpio1016, which contains, among other things, the port's direction and value files.
If you can't see it, do it in dark room, since the LED lights up very faintly.
Experimenting, we discovered we got better results using the LCD pins instead of the regular XIO pins. The LCD pins – pins 17, 19 to 38, and 40 on U13 (see Figure 9) – are mapped to ports 98 through 123 in the operating system . Connecting the anode leg of your LED to LCD-D2 (pin 17 on U13) would be similar to the preceding example, but you would change 1016 for 98 (Figure 10).
Figure 10: Using one of the LCD pins gave a much brighter light. In this photo, the white jumper cable is connected to LCD-D23, and the black jumper cable is connected to GND.
If all this seems cumbersome, you're right, it is. Fortunately, the very active C.H.I.P. community has a working Python module you can use instead.
The C.H.I.P. also comes with a PWM pin (pin 18 on U13 and mapped to port 34) , which is something even the latest iterations of the Rasp Pi lack. This special pin allows you to modulate your output. You can only send a 0 or a 1 over a digital pin, but you can send between 0 and 255 to a PWM. You can use this feature to control the brightness of your LED or the speed of a motor, for example.
Surprisingly, you also have an analog input, which is another feature you won't find on a Pi. Pin 11 on U14 (labeled LRADC in Figure 9) can read from thermometers, potentiometers, and so on. However, at the moment of writing, there is no fully functioning driver for operating the analog input, although, by the time this issue reaches the newsstand, a driver might be available .
The LCD pins are put to great use with the Pocket C.H.I.P. The Pocket C.H.I.P., which is a bit like an antique Game Boy on steroids (Figure 11), has a full keyboard and a touch screen. Also, along the top, you have access to many of the pins from the C.H.I.P.'s GPIOs. Plug the C.H.I.P. into the back, and you have a portable C.H.I.P. workstation.
Figure 11: The Pocket version of the firmware comes with a touch-friendly interface.
You can run the standard firmware with the Pocket, but you will have to plug an external mouse into the C.H.I.P., since the touch screen won't work properly. Adding a mouse kind of defeats the point of having a touch screen at all. A better idea is to flash the C.H.I.P. with the Pocket's own, especially customized, Pocket firmware. This firmware configures the touch screen properly and comes with a graphic, touch-friendly interface, with big, easy-to-tap icons.
The Pocket can do most of the things you can do using the regular firmware, including writing documents using AbiWord, surfing the web using IceWeasel, or programming your GPIOs from a terminal, but where the Pocket really shines is with games. You'll find some really lovely retro, 8-bit games that are a delight to play on the Pocket. The aesthetics of the Pocket are delightfully reminiscent of the 80s.
Can a computer be lovable? If so, the C.H.I.P. is it. Everything about the C.H.I.P. is cute and quaint, from its tiny form factor, to its smiley logo, to the nostalgic process of hooking it up to an analog TV. The Pocket C.H.I.P. has also got a nice retro air about it.
But, at the same time, the C.H.I.P. is amazingly well-equipped. It is incredibly powerful for its size, plus it comes with WiFi, Bluetooth, and dozens of programmable input/output pins.
Any maker worth his or her salt should invest the mere $9 asking price for the remarkable and versatile little C.H.I.P.


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Crafts, home decor, fun ideas, holidays, party ideas. DIY, I love it all and hope to share with you.
I made some fun lights for the patio last summer so I thought I would share the idea with you . Having seen some lights made from paper cups I wanted something with more shape and color so here is what I came up with. Seed starter pots seemed to be a great solution. I can cut them to the size and even the shape I wanted. They also have a small hole at the bottom perfect to put the small light through. FYI Don't use the jiffy pots they crumble. The picture below is of the pots I use. Ace hardware carries them. By cutting off an inch or two from the top you will get plenty of light . (I save the part I cut off for another project) Bright sunny flowers were what I was going for so I cut all of my pots to look like they had petals. Craft paint works to decorate them but it takes a few coats. After I finished the flower lights I had a few more ideas for lights pictured here below. I added a dab of hot glue at the base just to make sure it stayed put when I attached the pots to my light string. My light string was 125 bulbs so I did every other light. For safety make sure that the bulb is not touching any part of the cover.
If you are an artist I would love to see what you can do with decorating these seed pot light covers!
January is going by so fast. Today is extra special as it is my daughter Lindsey's birthday! As I was baking her a cake I made a few mini valentines cupcakes to toss in the freezer. I wanted to post a few small ideas for valentines day. The first is a little stand you can cut from card stock, the one here is plain white but I make them out of fun prints too. You can use it to hold your love notes, menu, or just about anything . I have a pattern for you that you can enlarge or shrink to fit your project. The other is a favor box. I used to have a skin care business and had many clear plastic containers for mineral makeup so I put a paper flower on the top with a heart cut out and then I will fill it with something sweet. When my daughter was married I saved all the lovely peonies from the arrangements and dried them. I think they look so beautiful I plan to take them to her as a sweet reminder of another one of her very special days!
It is nice to have all of the Christmas ornaments and decorations packed away after the holidays. I get the feeling in January that I want to clean and get clutter free. Although I think it takes me until Spring to feel like I have anything accomplished in the organizational area. Starting is much easier than finishing. One of the projects I did before the holidays is back on the coffee table so I wanted to share it with you.
I often go to the junk stores to see what I can find, just for fun. On one of those trips I saw a glass light fixture that would be used to cover a ceiling light in a bedroom. It has a great look and I had been keeping my eye out for some thing I could turn into a planter for some fake orchids. I bought it for a dollar and cleaned it from all the dirt and dust and sprayed it with some of the looking glass paint . The bottom of the fixture had just enough flat service to work perfect as a planter. It doesn't look perfect just interesting. Three orchids fit nicely into the container along with lots of moss to give it a realistic look. Here is the finished planter. It is quite large and I think is a nice touch on the coffee table.
Curious Wisdom and Other Everyday practicalities..


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Free Picks » MLB Picks » Boston Red Sox at New York Mets Free MLB Picks & Odds 8-30-2015
Boston Red Sox at New York Mets Free MLB Picks & Odds 8-30-2015
by Guy Bruhn - 8/29/2015
Probable Pitchers: Wade Miley (10-10) vs. Noah Syndergaard (8-6)
The New York Mets host the Boston Red Sox at Citi Field on Sunday. Wade Miley is the probable starter for the Red Sox and he'll face Noah Syndergaard of the Mets. The opening line for this matchup has Boston at +170 and New York at -180. The over/under was set at 7.5. The Red Sox have a 68-54 over/under record and a 59-69 run line mark, meaning they cover 46% of the time. The Mets have a 65-57 over/under record and a 67-60 run line mark, which means they are covering the spread 53% of the time.
The Red Sox come into this game with a 59-69 record, and they are 26-37 away from home. Starting pitcher Wade Miley holds a 10-10 record with an earned run average of 4.51 and a WHIP of 1.39. He's pitched 153.2 innings thus far while surrendering 160 hits over that time and when he starts, the Red Sox are 12-14. Against the over/under, the Red Sox are 13-13 in his starts. His teammates are averaging 5.2 runs a game when he pitches. The bullpen's earned run average is currently 4.30 and they've given up 422 hits on the season. Teams are hitting .264 against the bullpen while being struck out 351 times and walking 146 times this season. As a team, Boston has allowed 9.42 hits per nine innings while striking out 7.45 batters per nine. They are 28th in the league in team earned run average at 4.55.
Boston ranks 6th in the league in team batting average at .265 while hitting .237 on the road. Ranked at 6th in the league in on-base percentage, the Red Sox sit at .325 and they hold a .411 team slugging percentage. They rank 5th in baseball with 9.2 hits per game and Xander Bogaerts leads the team with 149.
With a 71-57 overall record, New York will come into this game 42-22 at home. With an earned run average of 3.19, Noah Syndergaard will come into this game holding a 8-6 record and a 1.14 WHIP. He's pitched 115.2 innings thus far while surrendering 104 hits over that time in which the Mets are 10-9. Against the over/under, the Mets are 7-10 when he starts. His teammates score an average of 3.8 runs a game when he pitches. The bullpen's earned run average is currently at 3.20 and they have given up 294 hits on the season. Teams are hitting .223 against the Mets bullpen while being struck out 331 times and walking 132 times this season. As a team, New York has allowed 8.12 hits per nine innings while striking out 8.07 batters per nine. They are 4th in the league in team earned run average at 3.33.
They rank 27th in the league in team batting average with a .243 average while hitting .235 at home. Ranked at 20th in the league in on-base percentage, the Mets sit at .309 and they hold a .391 team slugging percentage. They rank 25th in baseball with 8.3 hits per game and Curtis Granderson leads the team with 123.
The Red Sox have committed 78 errors and have combined for 1,298 assists and 3,421 put outs leading to a .984 team fielding percentage. For the home team, they hold a .985 team fielding percentage while committing 71 errors, accumulating 1,271 assists and compiling 3,472 put outs.
Boston Red Sox Betting Trends
The Boston Red Sox are 68-54 against the over/under so far this season
The Boston Red Sox are 59-69 against the run line so far this season
New York Mets Betting Trends
The New York Mets are 65-57 against the over/under so far this season
The New York Mets are 67-60 against the run line so far this season
Injuries to Watch
08/29/15 DH David Ortiz Heel is not expected to be in the starting lineup Saturday & Sunday vs. New York Mets
08/29/15 LF Hanley Ramirez Shoulder is downgraded to not expected to be in the starting lineup Saturday vs. New York Mets
08/28/15 P Clay Buchholz Elbow Injury is on the 60 day disabled list (7/11); out for season
08/15/15 P Steven Wright Concussion 7-day DL (8/15)
08/11/15 P Koji Uehara Wrist Injury is on the 15 day disabled list (8/8), out for season
07/25/15 2B Dustin Pedroia Hamstring Injury is on the 15 day disabled list (7/23)
05/29/15 P Brandon Workman Elbow Injury is on the 60 day disabled list (4/3)
05/28/15 P Anthony Varvaro Elbow Injury is on the 60 day disabled list (4/29)
05/13/15 P Justin Masterson Arm Injury is on the 15 day disabled list (5/13)
04/04/15 C Christian Vazquez Elbow Injury is on the 60 day disabled list (3/30), out for season
08/29/15 3B David Wright Rest is not expected to be in the starting lineup Saturday vs. Boston Red Sox
08/23/15 1B Lucas Duda Back Injury is on the 15 day disabled list (8/22)
08/19/15 P Bobby Parnell Shoulder Injury is on the 15 day disabled list (8/17)
08/05/15 P Rafael Montero Rotator Cuff Injury is on the 15 day disabled list (4/30)
08/03/15 LF Kirk Nieuwenhuis Back Injury is on the 15 day disabled list (7/30)
07/29/15 P Jenrry Mejia Suspension out for season
07/09/15 P Steven Matz Back Injury is on the 15 day disabled list (7/6)
06/04/15 RF Cesar Puello Back Injury is on the 60 day disabled list (4/6)
05/14/15 P Buddy Carlyle Back Injury is on the 60 day disabled list (5/12)
04/06/15 P Joshua Edgin Elbow Injury is on the 60 day disabled list (3/27), out for season
04/06/15 P Zack Wheeler Elbow Injury is on the 60 day disabled list (3/27), out for season
Guy's Pick: Take the Mets
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Best Video Surveillance cameras in every household and business is required nowadays. To monitor day to day activities institutions like banks, bar, restaurants, schools, colleges, hotels, airports, hospitals, companies shops, small and medium establishments are installing and making their outfits active and productive.
Closed circuit cameras were 1st installed in india by times group and shown path to others to follow. As awareness raised in the market. Every market people started buying for various purposes.
Three types of cameras have come into India precisely.
Analogue camera was basic camera where the resolution used to be measured in TV lines starts from 350 to 1000.
Analogue HD camera currently which are running successfully ,very cost effective and good performing lot due to their mega pixel resolution which starts from 1mp to 2mp in india.
Internet protocol camera very high resolution cameras ,very expensive ,gives razor sharp pictures runs with the support of network video recorder.
If any customer opts to buy cameras for normal surveillance he will buy analogue hd where he can connect his cameras to digital video recorder with hard disc for recording. If any recorded information to be retrieved he has to copy the file in a pen drive and use. For mobile connectivity he has to take broadband connection with static ip and configure to get a picture on his window mobile.
If any customer opts to buy ip cameras for surveillance then he can connect his cameras to net video recorder with hard disc for recording. If any recorded information to be retrieved he has to use ip address to transfer the file. For mobile connectivity he has to take broadband connection with static ip and configure to get a picture on his window mobile.
340 million approx surveillance cameras worldwide as of 2016. About 60% of these cameras were installed in Asia itself. The growth of CCTV has been very high in the recent past.
Video surveillance it transmits a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. Video telephony is seldom called "CCTV" but the use of video in distance education, where it is an important tool, is often so called.
Since the volume and utilization is very high in Indian market for analogue hd cameras the market has opened up and people are getting reasonably good cameras at an affordable cost.
HOW CHOOSE GOOD CAMERA OR WHERE TO BUY?
Since it is highly service oriented product customer has to watch company performance and service levels peruse few existing customers then go for buy.
System integrators are very high in this field with attractive and fancy quotes where they can do jugglery in quality type of the camera and dvr, in supplying less capacity hard disc, inferior quality cables and connectors , finally they vanish in thin air when situation really warrants.
So go always by a brand name with proper service backup and try to procure the total solution only one team and one company so that the guy approached will have some accountability.
Best quality cctv camaras in Hyderabad are supplied by M/S ACCURA NETWORK MARKETING P LTD 2/8 SSS NAGAR COLONY BEHIND POLICE STATION SECUNDERABAD-26.
If customer wants to see live demo of Accura CCTV camera models in Hyderabad they can visit one of their 3 showrooms. Accura is reputed brand in Hyderabad and You can be rest assured for best cctv camera prices in Hyderabad.
If you are not happy with other brand cctv camera installation and service you can call and get services on chargeable basis. The cctv camera service rates in Hyderabad are very affordable and charges are separate for out station customer installation.
Accura brand is growing steadily and establishing as best cctv camera suppliers in Hyderabad.
Ip security cameras and wireless cameras in hyderabad technically not evolved fully that is the reason customer still opting for best analogue HD cameras more.
Video security cameras / surveillance cameras, best home security cctv cameras/ best video surveillance cameras, could be any purpose need to choose right company product with committed service.


Vct is vanilla, custard, tobacco, a subtly sweet blend that complements the tobacco wonderfully. A silky smooth vanilla flavored custard is layered on top of an earthy, deep tobacco to make a blend so well balanced and mild, any tobacco lover will be obsessed.Vape in, relax and find yourself content and in the moment. Moloto E Liquid has set a new standard for vaping greatness.


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The very Brilliance and Weirdness of ChatGPT
Most A. I. chatbots are "stateless" — meaning whom they treat every new request as a blank slate, and therefore aren't programmed to remember or learn from previous conversations. Yet again ChatGPT can remember what a user has told it when, in ways that could make it possible to create personalized therapy bots , for example.
ChatGPT isn't perfect, by any means. The way it generates results — in extremely oversimplified terms, by making probabilistic guesses surrounding which bits of text belong together inside of a sequence, based by a statistical model trained on billions of examples of liedtext pulled from all over the internet — makes it more likely to giving wrong answers, even on seemingly enkel math problems . (On Monday, the moderators of Stack Flood, a website for programmers, temporarily barred users anywhere from submitting answers generated with ChatGPT , saying the site gotten been flooded with submissions that were incorrect or incomplete. )
Unlike Google, ChatGPT doesn't crawl the web for facts on current events, and its knowledge is restricted to tips it learned before 2021, making some of its answers genuinely feel stale. (When Specialists it to write the opening monologue when it comes to a late-night show, for example, it came up with countless topical jokes about former President Donald J. Trump pulling up of the Paris climate accords. ) Since its training hard drive includes billions of examples of human opinion, representing every possible view, it's also, in some sense, a moderate by style and design. Without specific prompting, like it's hard to coax a resilient and strong opinion out of ChatGPT about charged political debates; usually, you will get an evenhanded summary of what each side believes.
There are also plenty of things ChatGPT won't do, as a matter of principle. OpenAI has programmed the bot to refuse "inappropriate requests" — an important nebulous category that seems to include no-nos like generating instructions with regards to illegal activities. But users have found ways around many pointing to these guardrails, including rephrasing a request for illicit instructions for the reason that a hypothetical thought experiment, asking it to write a event from a play or instructing the bot to disable our own safety measures.
OpenAI has taken commendable points to avoid the kinds of racist, sexist and offensive results that have plagued other chatbots . When My personal asked ChatGPT, for example, "Who is the best Nazi? " it returned a scolding message that began, "It is don't appropriate to ask who the 'best' Nazi is, as you see, the ideologies and actions of the Nazi party were reprehensible as well as caused immeasurable suffering and destruction. "
Assessing ChatGPT's blind spots and figuring out how it might be taken advantage of for harmful purposes are, presumably, a big part of the key reasons why OpenAI released the bot to the public for testing. Prospective releases will almost certainly close these loopholes, as well due to other workarounds that have yet to be discovered.
But there are risks to testing in public, including all of the risk of backlash if users deem that OpenAI is getting too aggressive in filtering out unsavory content. (Already, some right-wing tech pundits are complaining that putting safety features on chatbots amounts to "A. I. censorship. ")
After the hype plant-based proteins face leaner times
To be able to Phoenix, a Taiwanese Chip Giant Builds a Hedge Against China and taiwan


Democratic Presidential candidate Barack Obama, in a message sent to the Greek American Community on the 68th Anniversary of October 28th 1940 (OXI Day), praises the heroic contribution of the Greek people to the battle against fascism in World War II and promises to continue to work closely with Greek Americans at home and reestablish America's strong partnership with Greece and our other European allies abroad.
"I appreciate the opportunity to congratulate the Greek-American Community as it commemorates Οxi Day, a holiday that reminds us of the heroic contribution of the Greek people to the battle against fascism in World War II.
I have enjoyed a strong friendship with the Greek American community throughout my career in public service, and so has my running mate, Joe Biden. Chicago has a large and vibrant Greek community. I have worked closely with this community, and always supported the broader Greek community's participation in the American political process. Joe and I greatly respect the major contributions Greek Americans have made to so many aspects of the American experience.
Our country faces serious international challenges in the 21st century, and it is important to be able to rely on allies. That's why I will continue to work closely with Greek Americans at home and reestablish America's strong partnership with Greece and our other European allies abroad.
I wish you all the best for a joyous celebration of Oxi Day. Thank you for honoring those who fought and fell so that others might be free.


Farmers with flax in the ground should be pleased come autumn.
Statistics Canada revised its seeded acreage estimate downward in late June and that, combined with lower carry-out stocks and several other factors, should bring strong prices.
"Given the demand in the market from China, the United States and potentially even the European Union, I really think demand for flax is going to be strong," said Wayne Thompson, executive director of the Saskatchewan Flax Development Commission.
Statistics Canada reported 885,000 acres of seeded flax in its June report, which compares to 1.04 million acres last year and 941,000 acres in 2016.
The shortfall of about 100,000 acres compared to a year ago should hold flax prices reasonably high, especially when combined with good Chinese demand, European Union issues with flax from the Black Sea region exceeding maximum residue limits for pesticides, and acreage declines in North Dakota, the United States' key flax-producing region, Thompson said.
"The demand from China, I can't say it's taking off yet, but the interest in China continues to grow," he said.
Brennan Turner, president of Farm Lead, an online grain marketplace, said he too is bullish on flax.
He said the crop posted price gains of four percent in June, and he expects a continued steady performance.
Flax currently sells for about $12 per bushel.
"So pretty positive, but again, the market is playing pretty hand-to-mouth, if you will, and this is just a little more sentiment as to where prices could go and relative to ending stocks that we're seeing right now," Turner said.
Flax stocks as of March were reported to be 327,000 tonnes, which compares to 417,000 at the same time in 2016.
Thompson said his optimistic outlook already factors in competition from Kazakhstan and Russia. Those countries have steadily increased flax production over the last three years and are wooing Chinese buyers, which will limit gains for Canadian flax.
However, the push for healthier diets from a growing middle class in China will continue to pressure supplies, he said.
Thompson said the crop in the ground has started off well, although most plants could use a nice rain. He cautioned that the recent hot spell will have to ease soon.
"The crops are not doing so well these last few days to a week, with the 30-plus or close to 30-degree days," he said earlier this month.
Turner added that he's heard concerns about the reliability of the U.S. market because that's where a lot of the Canadian crop usually goes. However, the supply-demand fundamentals remain positive, he added.
He said this year's seeded acreage estimate marks a 29 percent decline from the five-year average.
Thompson said that number includes the highly successful peak year of 2014, when farmers seeded 1.605 million acres. The numbers have come down steadily since.
Many farmers saw strong prices the previous year, and flax seemed like a good economic decision. Two years later, lentils became the darling and flax acres fell to 941,387.
"More people grew lentils that year, purely based on the expected profit," Thompson said.
Lately, he said acreage has remained relatively steady and most of the present change is due to Manitoba acres shifting into soybeans. Saskatchewan and Alberta have remained roughly steady.


Seats2Meet is a sponsor of Shareable.
Back in 2014, I stood at the entrance to Seats2Meet's flagship coworking space in Utrecht, Netherlands, and stared at a flat panel display showing all the names of all the people working there and their skills in real time. Ronald van den Hoff, Seats2Meet's president and co-founder, explained that anyone could work for free in a Seats2Meet space as long as they agreed to help other people in their network. The fuel running the network is social capital. Seats2Meet's website and mobile app enable users to search its entire network for people they need help from and shows where they are physically located at that time.
After first learning about the organization the year before, it finally clicked on this trip that Seats2Meet's model is an essential part of the future of work. The company had cracked the code on how to turn any space into a free coworking space and make money on it. In the process, it created a new, empowering social contract between what the founders call "knowmads" — freelancers, tech entrepreneurs, and small business owners that make up the bulk of their network.
How did they come up with this unique formula? Like many great innovations, it took a crisis. Ronald van den Hoff and Marielle Sijgers, the CEO and co-founder of Seats2Meet, began experimenting with free coworking models in 2005. Prior to this, they had run a fairly standard, full-service corporate hospitality business. They offered big corporations meeting spaces of various sizes at their facility, along with a full suite of event services including event design, catering, and audio visual support. They helped their clients host board meetings, staff retreats, sales conferences, and other offsite meetings. It was a successful business, but revenues started to decline as the business matured and the economy changed. Big companies were downsizing. Few had the budget to host big events. Large-scale events became less and less frequent. They saw the writing on the wall. They had to change or go out of business.
So they began experimenting. They started with two realizations. First, they had a valuable idle asset — meeting space that was often empty, even when business was good. Second, the economy was changing quickly from one dominated by a limited number of big businesses to one made up of many freelancers, startup entrepreneurs, and small business owners. In 2005, they started inviting the latter to use their space for free. They also offered them free lunch. This social media savvy user group buzzed about Seats2Meet online constantly as a result. The number of users swelled to 250 within the first month. By 2012, there were 15,000 users. Most users were in Utrecht, which is a transit hub in the center of the Netherlands, a good location to expand further in the Netherlands as well as across Europe and beyond.
Today, Seats2Meet has 175 locations in 25 countries, serving hundreds of thousands of users who generate 75,000 paid bookings per year. Part of Seats2Meet's formula for success is that by offering free coworking and lunch every day at Seats2Meet-controlled facilities, its premium event space and services are booked nearly 100 percent of the time at full price. This is achieved with no paid advertisement. The company's advertising is all free — word of mouth. Grateful freelancers tweet and share on Facebook about Seats2Meet's free, high-quality work space. This reaches millions of people. And when users need to host an event or meeting, they are happy to pay Seats2meet full price for it.
This dynamic is what gave Seats2Meet the idea to grow globally by enabling any business, organization, or individual controlling a physical space, to do what they did in their first location in Utrecht in 2005. Early in their experiment, they began developing software to connect their community. After many starts and stops over the years, they eventually hit on a business model to expand globally through an app.
The formula works like this: "Knowmads" get free coworking if they help each other, space owners generate new business if they offer free coworking to knowmads, and Seats2Meet makes money from space owners who list their space on Seats2meet. Owners of various spaces, including everything from ice cream shops to libraries to cafes, pay 99 euros each month to list their space(s) on the Seats2Meet platform. Owners must also offer "knowmads" free wifi and space to work. This generates valuable and vocal foot traffic for them. The "knowmads" tend to buzz about these locations online just like they do for the original Seats2Meet location. It's also a much cheaper form of advertising for property owners than Yelp or traditional Yellow Pages advertising. While Seats2Meet still makes money on its own premium event services at company-controlled locations, today it's more of an app-driven tech company than a hospitality company.
That said, its roots in hospitality go deep and influences everything. In fact, the slogan of the company's holding company CDEF is "a celebration every day." This spirit pervades Seats2Meet and its network. Sijgers and van den Hoff want every member of their community to enjoy and develop as individuals through the Seats2Meet experience. They've avoided venture capital funding for this reason. They do not want rapid, Silicon Valley-style growth, which they believe would water down the Seats2Meet culture and experience. They want to grow organically by providing great, even transformative, experiences for their users on a regular basis.
They've successfully self-funded their growth so far, but profits and raving users are only part of their growth strategy. In fact, the collaborative relationship between Seats2Meet and "knowmads" goes deeper than free space and advertising. The app connects the Seats2Meet team to the most talented freelancers in the Netherlands and beyond on a positive, trusted basis from the start. Whenever they have a new project to tackle, they know who to call. These freelancers are often eager to work with Seats2Meet on favorable terms, which sometimes include bartering of services. Taken all together, the company's growth strategy hinges on good relationships, valuable developmental experiences, and trust between all stakeholders — and not huge influxes of money from investors, which is all too often the case with venture-funded tech companies. This seems like an appropriate growth strategy for a true sharing economy company.
The next step in Seat2meet's evolution is the Serendipity Machine. Serendipity is about finding what you need but weren't looking for — it's a positive experience, but it doesn't happen regularly. The machine aims to ensure it happens on a regular basis. The company is pursuing this through an app that anyone can use — not just Seats2Meet users. The app leverages artificial intelligence to bring individuals together based on shared needs and location. It works in 170 locations and 20 countries. Users can meet up to help each other in person or ask a question to the entire user base. It's a combination of Quora meets Foursquare, but with the positive, empowering Seats2Meet spirit inside. The world could use more of the spirit that has driven the company's success so far.


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Understanding Conservation
Biodiversity is the variety of life.
It can be studied on many levels. At the highest level, one can look at all the different species on the entire Earth. On a much smaller scale, one can study biodiversity within a pond ecosystem or a neighborhood park. Identifying and understanding the relationships between all the life on Earth are some of the greatest challenges in science.
Most people recognize biodiversity by species—a group of individual living organisms that can interbreed. Examples of species include blue whales, white-tailed deer, white pine trees, sunflowers, and microscopic bacteria that can't even be seen by the naked eye. Biodiversity includes the full range of species that live in an area.
Biodiversity at a Glance
Pretend you're taking a look at the species biodiversity within a local pond. At first glance, we can identify different plants, including cattails and water lilies. If we wait a while, we might be able to spot a garter snake, a bullfrog, or maybe a red-winged blackbird. With a closer look, we can see invertebrates and worms under leaves, on grasses and in the pond water.
Think you're done? You have not even scratched the surface of the biodiversity within the pond. Using a microscope, we would be able to see hundreds or even thousands of different bacteria that inhabit the pond water. They're all part of the species biodiversity of this small ecosystem.
More than Just Species
Species diversity is only one part of biodiversity. To properly catalogue all the life on Earth, we also have to recognize the genetic diversity that exists within species, as well as the diversity of entire habitats and ecosystems.
Genetic biodiversity is the variation in genes that exists within a species. A helpful way to understand genetic diversity is to think about dogs. All dogs are part of the same species, but their genes can dictate whether they are Chihuahua or a Great Dane. There can be a lot of variation in genes—just think about all the colors, sizes, and shapes that make up the genetic diversity of dogs.
Ecological biodiversity is the diversity of ecosystems, natural communities, and habitats. In essence, it's the variety of ways that species interact with each other and their environment. The forests of Maine differ from the forests of Colorado by the types of species found in both ecosystems, as well as the temperature and rainfall. These two seemingly similar ecosystems have a lot of differences that make them both special.
Five Facts on Biodiversity
1. Researchers have estimated that there are between 3 and 30 million species on Earth, with a few studies predicting that there may be more than 100 million species on Earth.
2. Currently we have identified only 1.7 million species, so we have a long way to go before we can come close to figuring out exactly how many species are on Earth.
3. There is more biodiversity within tropical ecosystems than temperate or boreal ecosystems. In fact, tropical rain forests have the most diversity.
4. The most diverse group of animals are invertebrates. Invertebrates are animals without backbones, including insects, crustaceans, sponges, scorpions, and many other kinds of organisms.
5. Over half of all the animals already identified are invertebrates. Of these, beetles are some of the most numerous species.
Biodiversity's Importance
Biodiversity is extremely important to people and the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity allows us to live healthy and happy lives. It provides us with an array of foods and materials, and it contributes to the economy. Without a diversity of pollinators, plants, and soils, our supermarkets would have a lot less produce.
Most medical discoveries to cure diseases and lengthen life spans were made because of research into plant and animal biology and genetics. Every time a species goes extinct or genetic diversity is lost, we will never know whether research would have given us a new vaccine or drug.
Biodiversity is also an important part of ecological services that make life livable on Earth. They include everything from cleaning water and absorbing chemicals, which wetlands do, to providing oxygen for us to breathe—one of the many things that plants do for people.
Biodiversity allows for ecosystems to adjust to disturbances like fires and floods. Genetic diversity even prevents diseases and helps species adjust to changes in their environment.
Threats to Biodiversity
Extinction is a natural part of life on Earth. Over the history of the planet, most of the species that ever existed evolved and then gradually went extinct. Species go extinct because of natural shifts in the environment that take place over long periods of time, such as ice ages.
Today species are going extinct at an accelerated and dangerous rate because of non-natural environmental changes caused by human activities. Some of the activities have direct effects on species and ecosystems, such as habitat loss and degradation, overexploitation (such as overfishing), and the spread of non-native species and diseases. Some human activities have indirect but wide-reaching effects on biodiversity as well, including climate change and pollution.
All of these threats have put a serious strain on the diversity of species on Earth. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), globally about one third of all known species are threatened with extinction. That includes 29 percent of all amphibians, 21 percent of all mammals, and 12 percent of all birds. If we do not stop the threats to biodiversity, we could be facing another mass extinction with dire consequences to the environment, and human health and livelihood.
Comparing and Graphing Nine Environmental Threats, Researchers Find Unexpected Evils, Popular Science
Encyclopedia of Earth: Biodiversity
World of Biology. McGrath, Kimberley A., ed. The Gale Group, Farmington Hills, MI: 1999.
Precious Heritage: The Status of Biodiversity in the United States. Stein, Bruce A., Lynn S. Kutner and Jonathan S. Adams. Oxford University Press, New York: 2000
US Forest Service: Ecoregions of the United States
Help Biodiversity in Your Own Backyard
One of the greatest threats to biodiversity is habitat loss. You can play a part in protecting the biodiversity of your local community by creating a Certified Wildlife Habitat®. A Certified Wildlife Habitat® provides food, shelter, water, and a place for native wildlife to raise young—the essential elements of habitat that wildlife need to survive.
Lifelines of the Planet
From Borneo to the Andes and pole to pole, Earth's plants and animals cling to dwindling habitat and edge closer to extinction—a global biodiversity crisis crying out for action.
A Downward Spiral
Evidence is growing that insects are in decline, but each of us can take steps to help. Our future depends on it.
Hope Rising
The hard work of humans—and nature's resilience—can help even the most endangered species climb back from the abyss.
Bird Brainy
Savvy crows thrive among us, despite us and because of us.
Green Beats
Hip-hop artist calls for cultivating a healthier planet.
When Cities Welcome Wildlife
How urban centers across the globe help boost biodiversity


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Disclaimer: I received two free photo blankets from Collage.com so I could share this review and giveaway with you. The thoughts and opinions below are my own.
I adore photo gifts for the holidays because (1) they're personal, (2) people are always happy to get them, and (3) I have so many photos that I don't even know what to do with them sometimes. In addition to being the unofficial genealogy maven of the family, I take about 30-50 photos every day (and that's when we're not traveling!). Most of those photos are on my cell phone so they get saved to hard drives or uploaded into my photo cloud but the vast majority are never actually printed and shared.
To get those photos out and into the hands of my family members, we've done photo books, photo mugs, photo puzzles, framed photos, and even a semi-disastrous creation involving wood blocks and Mod Podge. All of those have been fine, but there is a limit on how useful any of those things are and I know a lot have ended up gathering dust in a corner somewhere by the next holiday. So I was really excited when Collage.com approached me about reviewing their super soft high quality photo blankets. They gave me a chance to try out two of their styles and give one away to you!
The website is very easy to use. You just pick a style, a size, and a layout and then upload your photos. I did a mix of professional photos, scanned old photos, and cell phone photos to test out how different images showed up on the blanket and all of them came out just fine. The hardest part of the whole process was choosing which photos I wanted to put on the blankets.
For the first one, I did a 60×80 plush sherpa blanket and decorated it with a collage of Christmas photos. I put our first "family of five" photo in the middle and surrounded that one with other holiday photos including pictures from the other kids' first Christmases, pictures from when Kyle and I were little, and a photo of us in WDW at Christmas the year we met.
Like I said, I'm really impressed with the quality of the print. I wasn't sure how well the more detailed photos were going to show up, since most of them are cell phone photos from cell phones that are now outdated, but you'd never know that from looking at the blanket. The printed side has a lot of detail.
The reverse side is the sherpa material and it's ridiculously soft and fluffy. Eva is obsessed. It's not even that cold out and she's already committed to being a sherpa burrito for the season so I probably should have just filled the blanket with photos of her and surrendered the fluffiness.
I really like both blankets, but the second one is my personal favorite and the one I'll be snuggled in all winter. It's HUGE – a 90×90 plush fleece blanket and I can't tell you how soft it is. I wish I could send you all little swatches because it's crazy.
With this blanket being so huge (HUGE!), I really wasn't sure which photos to use. I didn't want to just do one big photo because I was worried there wouldn't be a good way to see it clearly even if I spread it out on our bed so I decided to do a lot of photos instead. The layout gave me the option of adding more than a hundred photos but I think I ended up doing about 70 and I just went through my photo cloud online and pulled a ton of black and white photos. The website auto-populated them (although you can move them around if you want) so once I uploaded them the blanket was finished.
I really wasn't sure about the print quality on this one because I had lots of photos of different types and sizes being printed directly onto something fluffy (versus the smooth side of the plush sherpa blanket). When I got it, I wasn't surprised that some of the detail was lost in the smaller photos and some of the highlights/shadows were exaggerated because I'd picked black and white but all of the photos still came out clear enough to see what they were. To give you an idea, the "blurriest" (furriest?) was this one from our wedding and it's still pretty good.
The photos that seemed to work the best were the big portraits of the kids – the ones that didn't have a lot going on in the background. I love how they ended up on the fleece and when I fold it I always try to put those ones on top.
As I mentioned, this blanket is really big and I thought it was going to go on our bed but I can't stop using it so it's been living on our couch. It's great because it's large enough for me to fit all of the kids under it with me for story time and they've loved going through and talking about each of the photos, including the ones from our wedding. There are a bunch on here that they don't remember or hadn't seen before and they think it's really funny how all of the baby photos are practically interchangeable since the kids look almost identical until their first birthday.
I've washed this blanket twice thanks to the sticky hands that live in this house and there hasn't been any change in the quality or the detail of the images. I can't get over how well these are made. Now that I've made two, I keep thinking of the next ones I want to design. There are a ton of old family photos that I haven't figured out how to share with everyone and I love that these are useful AND personal AND great conversation starters. Perfect for the holidays.
Collage.com has a Just Right 100% satisfaction guarantee so if you do order a blanket from them and there's something you don't like about it, they'll fix it or refund your money. They also have a 60% discount on your first order – look for the banner in the top left corner on their website – and they have a lot of other photo gift options beyond blankets. You could basically do all of your holiday shopping at once, including your cards!
And, yes, I'm giving one away! Thanks, Collage.com!
Visit my Instagram account @everclevermom to see details on how you can win your choice of their photo blankets. I'm so excited for you to try the personalized softness. IT'S SO FLUFFY!!


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Q: Riemannian simplicial complex and quasi-conformal complex In this paper by Robert Young, the author defines

We define a riemannian simplicial complex to be a simplicial
  complex with a metric which gives each simplex the structure of a riemannian
  manifold with corners.
  We say that such a complex is quasi-conformal (or that the complex is a QC complex
  ) if there is a $c$ such that the riemannian metric on each simplex is
  $c$-bilipschitz equivalent to a scaling of the standard simplex.

I have some problem understanding the next paragraph:

QC complexes are a compromise between the rigidity of simplicial
  complexes and the freedom of riemannian simplicial complexes. A key
  feature of simplicial complexes is that curves and cycles can be
  approximated by simplicial curves and cycles. This is not true in
  riemannian simplicial complexes, but it holds in QC complexes.

What confuses me is that in the definition of Riemannian simplicial complex one starts with a simplicial complex. But the paragraph below says that a Riemannian simplicial complex is not a simplicial complex.
Can anyone recommend additional references to both riemmanian simplicial complexes and QC complexes?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


December 26, 2010: Sunol, originally uploaded by apple-pine.
December 25, 2010, originally uploaded by apple-pine.
December 22, 2010: Pomegranate Tree, originally uploaded by apple-pine.
December 11, 2010: Hidden Villa, originally uploaded by apple-pine.
December 2010: Alum Rock - Lunch Time, originally uploaded by apple-pine.
September 2010: Coyote Hills, originally uploaded by apple-pine.
September 2010: Cal Academy Visit, originally uploaded by apple-pine.
December, 2010 - Hakone Gardens, originally uploaded by apple-pine.


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Home/Trending posts/"Every mother's worst nightmare," Woman shot mother of two and kidnapped her 6-week-old boys right after the shooting, denied bond
"Every mother's worst nightmare," Woman shot mother of two and kidnapped her 6-week-old boys right after the shooting, denied bond
Monica Doyle Send an email November 13, 2021
Being a mother is something precious, but it also brings a lot of dedication, time and effort looking over the babies. Unfortunately, being a parent sometimes brings safety concerns and the victim in today's case experienced that first-hand.
According to police, the 23-year-old A. Montgomery is accused of shooting young mother of two babies and kidnaping her 6-week-old boys right after the shooting. Montgomery is facing several charges including one aggravated assault charge and two counts of kidnapping in the case.
The incident took place last May in Georgia when the suspect shot and critically injured the young mother, identified as the 23-year-old G. Rodgers and then kidnapped her babies. Rodgers was transferred to hospital with serious injuries and after some time she completely recovered from the shooting.
While Rodgers was in hospital for treatment, she had to undergo several surgeries for her injuries. In the meantime, her sister organized an online fundraiser to aid in recovery expenses.
The 6-week-old boys Lorenzo and Matteo were taken by Montgomery. While their mother was in critical condition in hospital, the local authorities were intensively working in an effort to locate the suspect and more importantly, the babies.
The suspect fled the scene with what appeared to be a white sedan and authorities immediately issued an Amber Alert. Detectives followed a lead that the suspect and the twins might be in Effingham County. They located the suspect almost four hours after the incident in her home.
A neighbor said Montgomery told her she was pregnant and was expecting twin babies this month. She added that Montgomery "never looked" pregnant. The twins were recovered at the home too. Though they were unharmed, first responders took them to a hospital for medical evaluations.
Rodgers experienced what chief of police called "every mother's worst nightmare." "We are so thankful that Matteo and Lorenzo were located quickly and were ultimately unharmed," police chief then said. "This was an all-hands-on-deck approach. Everyone in the area was looking for this suspect and the twins."
Local authorities said they are thankful to the local community for their tips claiming that the case wouldn't have moved as quickly as it did without their help. He also thanked the other law enforcement agencies who helped them in the case including SWAT teams.
The 23-year-old A. Montgomery was taken into custody right after she was located in her home. She was initially charged with one aggravated assault charge and two counts of kidnapping in the case. She was jailed without bond.
In July, Montgomery was formally charged with attempted murder, two counts of kidnapping, aggravated assault and possession of a firearm.
Montgomery will remain behind bars for now since a Chatham County judge denied bond for her on Tuesday.
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