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Darren Jones
Statement By HARO On WORLD Magazine's "Homeschool Debate"
August 22, 2014 May 11, 2020 HA Editorial Team20 Comments
August 22, 2014 Statement by the Board of Homeschool Alumni Reaching Out:
We are grateful to both WORLD Magazine and Daniel James Devine for the opportunity to be interviewed for their recent "Homeschool debate" article. Abuse and neglect in homeschooling are serious and pressing issues that need to be addressed for both the sake of children and alumni as well as the health of the homeschooling movement in general. There has been a severe lack of coverage of abuse and neglect in homeschooling by Christian news sources. We commend WORLD and Mr. Devine for shedding some light on these situations.
We do, however, grieve the statements made by HSLDA and their attorneys in the article. Mr. Devine wrote that, "Both Smith and Darren Jones, a staff attorney at [HSLDA], agreed that abuse and neglect cases do exist within some homeschooling families, but argue their number is small. HSLDA staffers call them 'fake homeschoolers.'" This rhetoric is unacceptable. By calling these homeschoolers "fake," it allows HSLDA to distance themselves from these uncomfortable situations rather than confront the issue. Additionally, HSLDA's choice to refer to both current victims and now-survivors of abuse and neglect as "fake homeschoolers" erases the heartbreaking, lived experiences of many children and alumni. Such erasure should not be welcome in the homeschooling movement, and we know that HSLDA is capable of a better response.
Mr. Devine also wrote that, "Jones, the HSLDA attorney, said he recognizes some in the Homeschoolers Anonymous community didn't have a great experience growing up. 'I feel terrible for them.'" While we appreciate the offer of sympathy, we must point out that not once has Mr. Jones or anyone at HSLDA even attempted to reach out to any of us on the HARO board or the Homeschoolers Anonymous community at large. Quite the opposite, in fact. Until very recently, HSLDA has either ignored us or blocked us from their social media pages. We would welcome a dialogue with HSLDA, but at this point the ball is firmly in their court.
For example, it has been over a year since we launched our #HSLDAMustAct campaign, asking HSLDA to launch a public awareness campaign to educate their members about recognizing and addressing child abuse. HSLDA has never responded to that campaign nor have they reached out to us concerning it. We are glad that HSLDA has added a page to their website with basic info about child abuse. Yet this action still falls far short of the type of public awareness and community education campaign for which we advocate.
As another example, HSLDA attorney Scott Somerville is still on record referring to a convicted child abuser, Michael Gravelle, as a "hero." While we want to believe that HSLDA does not condone Mr. Gravelle's behavior, the lack of a public retraction and apology is glaringly absent and deeply concerning to HARO. Many homeschooling parents and families look to HSLDA for guidance. HSLDA's silence on this issue is frankly alarming.
Until HSLDA begins to take these issues more seriously, apologizes for Mr. Somerville's comment and referring to abused and neglected homeschool children and alumni as "fake homeschoolers," and makes a good-faith effort to reach out to HARO, all we can do is continue to hope. We hope for and welcome a conversation about how we can together make homeschooling better for future generations.
We also hope that more Christians news sources will follow WORLD Magazine's lead in addressing child abuse and neglect within homeschooling communities. These problems are more than "a few bad apples spoiling the bushel," and it is paramount that homeschooling communities, religious organizations, and individual Christians invested in the health and safety of all children rise to the occasion and do the hard work of protecting those in harm's way.
Finally, it has come to our attention that Heather Doney, whose story was featured prominently in WORLD's article, believes she was misquoted by Mr. Devine. We respectfully call on WORLD and Mr. Devine to do their due diligence in re-examining the accuracy of her quotations and responding to Ms. Doney's concerns in a prompt manner.
Alumni Activism, HSLDA#NotYourFakeHomeschooler, Daniel James Devine, Darren Jones, fake homeschoolers, homeschool debate, Homeschoolers Anonymous, HSLDA, J. Michael Smith, World Magazine
A Brief History of ATI and HSLDA's Relationship
February 3, 2014 May 11, 2020 HA Editorial Team13 Comments
Numerous discussions have arisen online about the relationship between HSLDA and IBLP/ATI. The following is a detailed account of what can be publicly confirmed about that relationship.
Originally called the Institute in Basic Youth Conflicts (IBYC), The Institute in Basic Life Principles (IBLP) was founded in 1961 by Bill Gothard for the purpose of "introducing people to the Lord Jesus Christ." IBLP's headquarters are in Oak Brook, Illinois. IBLP has a number of educational programs, one of which is the Advanced Training Institute (ATI, previously ATIA). ATI — which HA covered during our "Inside ATI: A Homeschooling Cult" series — is IBLP's homeschooling program, the core curriculum of which are the "Wisdom Booklets," described by IBLP as "a 3,000-page amplification of the Sermon on the Mount."
According to the Advanced Training Institute, "In the scope of the ATI curriculum, the Bible is the main textbook, the Wisdom Booklets are the core curriculum." That "core curriculum" began development in 1984 by a team that worked under the direction of 3 individuals: Bill Gothard, Dr. Larry Guthrie, and Inge Cannon.
Bill Gothard and Michael Farris
Bill Gothard, as previously stated, is IBLP's founder.
Less known, however, is that Michael Farris and his wife Vickie embraced the Quiverfull lifestyle specifically because of him.
As documented in Kathryn Joyce's Quiverfull, Michael Farris "came to his Quiverfull beliefs through the ministry of Bill Gothard." In the 1980s, Gothard preached that God should determine family size. And "one of Gothard's early converts was [HSLDA's Michael] Farris, who was already primed for the message of letting God control Vickie's fertility by early anti-contraception literature and his immersion, in the late 70's, in a conservative Christian movement in Washington State."
Vickie Farris herself explains this in her book A Mom Just Like You, saying,
Mike had recently been ordained through our local church in preparation for his new job in Washington, DC. He was invited to a pastors' seminar taught by Bill Gothard, and one of the things Bill discussed that day was the fact that children are always mentioned in the Bible as unqualified blessings… He encouraged the men at the seminar to have as many children as their faith could handle! When Mike came home and told me the things Bill had said, we decided then and there, with some trepidation, to trust God and stop using birth control. (page 68)
This influence led Vickie to pass on the message and "encourage other women to reject birth control methods and embrace motherhood."
Inge Cannon and HSLDA
A graduate of Bob Jones University, Inge Cannon was truly the overseer of launching ATI's Wisdom Booklets in 1984. According to HSLDA's accounting, it was while working at Maranatha Baptist Bible College that "she was first introduced to the concept of home education. Bill Gothard, founder and president of the Institute in Basic Life Principles, invited Inge to attend a special conference to plan the foundation of the Institute's home education curriculum, the Advanced Training Institute of America." In 1985, Cannon moved to Oak Brook specifically "to direct the ATIA program." She then continued to develop ATI — both the program itself and the curriculum — until 1990. In 1990, after 6 years of working with Gothard and directing ATI, Michael Farris himself sought her out to find a Director of HSLDA's new division, the National Center for Home Education. She filled the position herself, becoming "the first executive director of the National Center."
It ought to be stressed that Inge Cannon is responsible for the ATI curriculum — especially the Wisdom Booklets. More than that, as documented by Jeri Lofland, Cannon discouraged young people from going to college during ATI conferences in Knoxville. As Lofland notes,
I was just one of thousands of young people who were told that we didn't need college credits, that college would corrupt our minds with "vain philosophies" and threaten our faith, that there are some things "God doesn't want us to know", and that employers would come looking for us because of our diligence, obedience, and virtue. So, many of us dutifully eschewed degrees in favor of home-based study.
Cannon being recruited by HSLDA's Michael Farris was not mere coincidence. Cannon herself points out that she and her work is officially "endorsed" by not only Bill Gothard, but Michael Farris (as well as Bob Jones, III).
Larry Guthrie, Inspiring Speaker
The third person overseeing the development of the Wisdom Booklets in the 1980s was Larry Guthrie. In addition to writing "science and medical curriculum materials" for ATI, Guthrie is "the former director of the Children's Institute". The Children's Institute, as discussed by Lana Hope, was where children "started learning about the umbrella of authority from the age of 5." He also wrote some of the Character Sketches sold by Gothard's ALERT program.
Still a keynote speaker at homeschool conferences, Guthrie has been promoted by HSLDA as "inspiring." In 2011, HSLDA promoted the Minnesota Association of Christian Home Educators Annual Conference and Curriculum Fair, featuring Guthrie. Similarly in 2013, Peter Kamakawiwoole, HSLDA Staff Attorney, encouraged HSLDA members to attend a conference with Guthrie as keynote speaker.
Beyond Curriculum Developers
The warm camaraderie and partnerships between ATI and HSLDA extend beyond the direct relationships between ATI's Wisdom Booklet developers (Gothard, Cannon, and Guthrie) and HSLDA. Dianne Hurst, ATI's grammar curriculum developer, was featured on HSLDA's Home School Heartbeat for a week. Hurst is also married to HSLDA's Membership and Human Resources Director, Chuck Hurst. Steve Wells, who worked with Gothard and ATI to develop an online distance learning engineering program (the parent to IBLP's Telos Institute and Verity College), also appeared on Home School Heartbeat for a week. Inge Cannon was similarly featured on Home School Heartbeat — and more than once.
Vicki Bentley, HSLDA's coordinator for Toddlers to Tweens and Group Services, recommends ATI for "Bible/Character Training" in the Virginia Homeschool Manual she compiled.
In the 2008 edition of HSLDA's Court Report, HSLDA featured a history of "The Early Days of Homeschooling." HSLDA highlights Bill Gothard and Inge Cannon, saying ATI "helped many families get started." Additionally, ATI is featured on HSLDA's official curriculum list. ATI is also an HSLDA Discount Group, and just last summer HSLDA promoted an ATI "success story" in Court Report.
In 1989, prior to Inge Cannon joining HSLDA, she helped support a memorandum in Ohio written by HSLDA's Michael Smith. This memorandum explained "that there is no legal requirement in Ohio that a homeschooling instructor possess a college degree." According to HSLDA,
Mrs. Inge Pohl [Cannon], Director of Education for the Advanced Training Institute of America (a nationwide homeschool program), testified at trial in North Dakota that in testing 5,000 youngsters pursuant to their program, they found no significant correlation between the parents' education and their children's success in testing.
ATI and Patrick Henry College (started and initially funded by HSLDA) also share a rich donor. Dr. James Leininger, a Texas physician, homeschooling parent, and part-owner of the San Antonio Spurs, has long bankrolled conservative Christian projects. He was a founding director of Vision Forum. He served on the Advisory Board for IBLP. And not only was he "one of the first and most significant contributors" to HSLDA's Patrick Henry College, he also is currently on that college's Board of Trustees.
Jordan Lorence, ATI, and HSLDA
More than anyone, Jordan Lorence represents the working relationship between ATI and HSLDA. (You might recognize Lorence most recently as the lawyer representing the New Mexico photographer who refused to photograph a same-sex ceremony.)
In the late Christopher Klicka's book Home School Heroes: The Struggle & Triumph of Home Schooling in America (a book endorsed by Lorence himself, which you can see on the book's back cover), Klicka points out that Lorence worked with HSLDA from the very beginning. Starting in 1984, Lorence worked part-time for HSLDA and handled legal contacts with homeschoolers. It was Lorence, along with Michael Farris, that interviewed Klicka when he was hired by HSLDA.
In 1985, Lorence served as HSLDA's Director.
In 1991, Lorence became a full-time staff attorney for HSLDA, focusing on HSLDA's presence in Canada.
During this time, Lorence also worked with Bill Gothard and IBLP/ATI. Lorence spoke for several years at ATI conferences held in Knoxville and Oklahoma; he was a welcome and well-known guest. There is an online record of his presentation at a 1994 ATI conference in Knoxville. In 1996, Lorence represented IBLP in the court case Institute in Basic Life Principles, Inc. v. Watersmeet TP.
Jordan Lorence also played an instrumental role in Oak Brook College of Law, as discussed next.
Oak Brook College of Law and HSLDA
The final and most significant relationship between ATI and HSLDA involves Oak Brook College of Law.
Oak Brook College of Law (based in Fresno, California but sharing the same name as IBLP's geographical location — namely, Oak Brook, Illinois) was launched by ATI itself. In fact, OBCL is still listed on IBLP's website as one of IBLP's educational programs and their graduation ceremonies were held at IBLP Training Centers. Not only that, but law students at OBCL study Bill Gothard's Basic Seminar material.
Law students do not simply study Gothard's Basic Seminar material, however.
According to Oak Brook's official college policies as of last year, a "prerequisite for admission" into the school is "attendance at all the sessions of the Seminar in Basic Life Principles sponsored by the Institute in Basic Life Principles."
When OBCL was launched in 1995, it was done so as a joint effort between ATI and HSLDA stakeholders. Bill Gothard served as the law school's Chancellor (and he still is the Chancellor), Michael Farris served on the Board of Trustees, and former HSLDA director and staff attorney Jordan Lorence served (and continues to serve) as the school's Constitutional Law Professor as well as is Chairman of Oak Brook's Board of Advisors. ***
The relationship continued when graduates of Oak Brook faced difficulties taking the bar in states other than California. In 2005, HSLDA specifically supported Texas House Bill 826 (which ultimately failed to pass) because "homeschoolers who graduate from the distance-learning school Oak Brook College of Law in California are currently prohibited from taking the Texas Bar Exam." HSLDA highlighted that Oak Brook students "have worked as Legal Assistants for the HSLDA Legal Department" and HSLDA "hired two graduates of the school to work as lawyers in our office."
Graduates of Bill Gothard's law school have indeed gone on to work for HSLDA. HSLDA attorney Darren Jones graduated from Oak Brook. Will Estrada, HSLDA's Director of Federal Relations, graduated from Oak Brook. HSLDA Legal Assistant Elliot Ko graduated from Oak Brook. HSLDA attorney Tj Schmidt graduated from Oak Brook. Former HSLDA legal assistant Daniel Beasley graduated from Oak Brook.
*** Update, February 15, 2014: Jordan Lorence emailed Homeschoolers Anonymous on February 10 and said that, as of February 10, he had "resigned from all of [his] connections with Oak Brook College of Law." There is no official statement from the college itself on the matter. However, a screenshot from Oak Brook's website on January 20 shows Lorence listed as faculty; their current faculty page no longer lists him.
Essentials, HSLDA, IBLP/ATIA Mom Just Like You, ATI, Bill Gothard, Darren Jones, Dianne Hurst, Elliot Ko, HSLDA, IBLP, Inge Cannon, James Leininger, Jordan Lorence, Larry Guthrie, Michael Farris, National Center for Home Education, Oak Brook College of Law, Steve Wells, Tj Schmidt, Vicki Bentley, Vickie Farris, Will Estrada, Wisdom Booklets
HSLDA and Child Abuse: The Deregulation of Homeschooling
HA note: The following series will run each weekday this week. It is reprinted with permission from Libby Anne's blog Love Joy Feminism. Part five of the series was originally published on Patheos on April 24, 2013.
5. The Deregulation of Homeschooling
In this series examining the actions of the Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA), we've discussed HSLDA's efforts to minimize child abuse reporting, stonewall child abuse investigations, and keep excessive corporal punishment legal. In this post we're going to change gears and look at HSLDA's efforts against homeschool regulations, efforts that, in effect, remove compulsory education and legalize educational neglect.
Let me put it like this: HSLDA is against any oversight of homeschooling whatsoever. Without regulation of homeschooling—including even registration with the state education authorities—there is nothing to ensure that parents who remove their children from the public schools (or never send them to begin with) are actually educating their children. But from HSLDA's perspective, that reality is unimportant. Here is HSLDA's Christopher Klicka in 2008, explaining the organization's position:
Mr. Klicka added that the only regulation he found "reasonable" was that families notify authorities of their plans to home school. Other requirements, including record-keeping on childrens' progress and either standardized testing or year-end portfolios to demonstrate competence, all required in New York State, were currently being challenged in eight active court cases nationally.
In other words, the only regulation HSLDA's Christopher Klicka—and the organization itself, as we will see—views as acceptable is requiring homeschooled students to give their local schools notice of their intent to homeschool when removing their children.
HSLDA's basic line is that it is the parents' responsibility and right to direct the education of their offspring, and that they should therefore not be interfered with. HSLDA does not appear to believe that children have any sort of right to be educated, because the organization opposes any way of ensuring that homeschooling families actually educate their children. In HSLDA's perfect world, parents would not be required to ensure that their children receive an education—instead, it would be up to their own discretion.
The problem here is very similar to HSLDA's problem when it comes to child abuse. Both educational neglect and child abuse do take place in HSLDA member families, and they also take place in families that merely use homeschooling as an excuse to educationally neglect and physically abuse their children. (And yes, this does happen.) But the organization appears to be both oblivious to the fact that any of its member families might be guilty of educational neglect or child abuse (because they're good Christian families!) and not at all bothered by the fact that homeschooling is being used as a tool to enable other families to abuse or neglect their children. If all homeschooling families were like the one I grew up in—if all homeschool parents put the same emphasis and importance on academics that my parents did—HSLDA's absolutist deregulation stance could perhaps be defended (though not necessarily by me). But not every family is like mine.
Homeschool regulations very drastically from state to state. Ten U.S. states don't even require that parents register their homeschools with the state education authority, let alone any testing, curriculum, or portfolio requirements. In these states, compulsory education has in practice been repealed. Other states, though, do have oversight of homeschooling. Pennsylvania, for example, has the highest level of regulation of homeschooling, requiring parents to turn in curricular plans at the beginning of the school year (for approval) and submit portfolios of students' work and written reports of their progress composed by certified teachers at the end of each school year f0r evaluation, along with standardized test scores every third year. This high level of regulation, however, is a bit of an abnormality.
In order to explore HSLDA's stance on homeschooling regulations, as well as its lobbying power, I am going to use Texas as a case study. Texas is probably the most unregulated state in the country when it comes to homeschooling, and HSLDA has worked hard over the years to keep it this way. As I look over this history, I will quote from HSLDA's e-alerts, messages it sends out to its member families, often with requests for lobbying action.
A Texas Tale
In Texas, homeschools are counted as individual private schools—and there are no regulations on private schools in Texas. None. While private schools—and thus homeschools—are technically required to teach "reading, spelling, grammar, mathematics, and good citizenship," there is nothing checking up on them to ensure that they do this, no mechanism to catch ones that aren't, no evaluation requirements, no curriculum requirements, and even no registration requirement. There is, then, absolutely no oversight whatsoever of homeschooling in Texas.
Homeschools didn't always count as private schools—that particular quirk of Texas law was the result of a 1994 Texas Supreme Court decision: Leeper. The question before the court was whether the private school exemption to the compulsory education law included homeschooled children. Let me quote from the decision's introduction:
The dispute in this class action centers on whether the private school exemption includes children who are taught at home, in a bona fide manner, a curriculum designed to meet certain basic education goals, including a study of good citizenship.
The court concluded in its decision, then, that the private school exemption did indeed apply to homeschooled children—or at least to homeschooled children who were "taught at home, in a bona fide manner, a curriculum designed to meet certain basic education goals." There is nothing in the Leeper decision that bars the state educational commission from creating oversight of homeschooling—and in fact, the decision explicitly states that.
Specifically, the TEA [Texas Education Agency] is not precluded from requesting evidence of achievement test results in determining whether children are being taught in a bona fide manner.
Technically, this decision required that those who were given an exemption from the state's compulsory education law to be educated at home be taught "in a bona fide manner" using "a curriculum designed to meet certain basic educational goals." However, the Texas legislature never passed laws providing oversight of homeschooling after the decision was handed down, leaving homeschools to be overseen in the same way that private schools are—which means not at all. As a result, these nominal requirements have never been worth more than the paper it's written on.
Truancy and Registration, 2003
This lack of oversight of homeschooling has created a bit of a problem for Texas over the years. Namely, how are educational officials to know who is homeschooled and who is, well, just a dropout? From the perspective of local superintendents, the two look very much the same: children who have stopped attending school. How is a local school district to deal with truancy when it isn't sure who is truant and who was homeschooled? In 2003, a state senator attempted to fix this problem with a bill requiring homeschoolers to register with the state's commissioner of education. HSLDA responded with an e-alert to its members:
Dear HSLDA Members and Friends,
A bill has been introduced in the Texas Legislature that will require all homeschoolers to be registered with the state commissioner of education. HSLDA is completely opposed to any registration or controls on homeschoolers in Texas.
Senator Barrientos introduced the bill, S.B. 586, on February 24. It was referred to the Senate Committee on Education.
We need your calls to Senator Barrientos to urge him to withdraw his bill. There can be no compromise.
ACTION REQUESTED
Please call Senator Barrientos and give him this message:
"Thank you for your concern for public school dropouts. However, registering law-abiding homeschoolers is not the solution. More serious enforcement of the existing truancy laws is all that is necessary. We ask you to withdraw S.B. 586 and keep homeschooling free."
Senator Barrientos capitol number is 512-463-0114. His fax is 512-463-5949. His e-mail is gonzalo.barrientos@senate.state.tx.us.
Be polite, yet firm that there is no room for compromise.
In this e-alert, HSLDA makes it clear that it opposes any oversight of homeschooling, even something as simple requiring homeschoolers to register with the state educational authority. But what really struck me is that whoever wrote up this e-alert comes across as completely missing the point—the bill requiring homeschoolers to register was proposed so that local school districts could enforce the existing truancy laws, so simply suggesting that these laws need more enforcing makes no sense. Further, asking that homeschoolers register—merely put their names on a list—posed no threat whatsoever to parents' freedom to homeschool, regardless of what HSLDA implies in this alert.
There's a little bit left to the e-alert, though, so let me add that:
I contacted Senator Barrientos' office and talked to his aide in charge of the S.B. 586. She explained that their intent is only to help solve the school drop-out problem. They simply "want to protect the sanctity of homeschoolers."
When informed that that we wanted the immediate withdrawal of the bill, she asked if we would "compromise."
I explained the history of home schooling Texas and that there was no room for compromise. Homeschoolers are content with the present legal climate and enjoy the freedom they have fought so hard to obtain.
A second call was placed to determine if they would withdraw. The aide said she would recommend that they not withdraw the bill. Officially their position is that they will not withdraw the bill at this time.
We informed her that we inform our membership.
Let Senator Barrientos know homeschoolers want him to withdraw his bill.
Thanks for standing with us for freedom!
Chris Klicka
HSLDA Senior Counsel
This is how HSLDA operates. No compromise. We will inform our membership. We are standing for freedom. No compromise.
This "we want to protect the sanctity of homeschoolers" bit—which HSLDA quoted the state senator's aide as saying—is interesting, because I think there is a strong case to be made there. Do homeschoolers really want homeschooling to serve as a shelter for abuse or as a cover for a school dropout problem? Senator Barrientos clearly hoped that requiring homeschoolers to register would ensure that legitimate homeschoolers would be protected while dropouts could more easily be taken to task for their truancy. But HSLDA would have none of that—and no compromise.
Just over a week later, on March 6th, HSLDA sent out another e-alert:
Thank you for your time and effort spent protecting homeschool freedom! Many of you have responded to our elert of Feb. 28 notifying you of Senate Bill 586. This bill would require all homeschoolers to be registered with the state commissioner of education and would open the door for further regulations.
The bill states: "A home-schooled child is exempt under Subsection (a)(1) only if the child's parent or guardian provides to the commissioner written acknowledgment on a form adopted by the commissioner that the parent or guardian accepts complete responsibility for adequately teaching the child based on a curriculum designed to meet basic education goals."
Texas homeschoolers enjoy the greatest liberty to homeschool of virtually all the states. Senator Gonzalo Barrientos (the sponsor of S.B. 586) is offering to amend the bill, but no amendment would be satisfactory since it would involve some limit on the freedom of homeschoolers. Unlike many other states, homeschoolers in Texas have the clear blessing and protection of a landmark Texas Supreme Court case. There is no need to compromise.
HSLDA's Texas Legislative Counsel Tom Sanders visited Senator Barrientos' office and he learned that the senator has received over 1,000 calls and 1,000 emails from homeschoolers expressing their opposition to the bill. We encourage you to continue to contact Senator Barrientos.
While no action has been taken on the bill so far, we want to make sure to send the message that Texas homeschoolers are opposed to any change in the law.
For Christ and liberty,
This e-alert notes that the registration form homeschoolers would have to fill out would include a commitment that "the parent or guardian accepts complete responsibility for adequately teaching the child based on a curriculum designed to meet basic education goals." One would think that's the sort of commitment HSLDA would support, as it places no stipulations and creates no enforcement mechanism, but merely states that the responsibility for educating the child now lays with the parent, and that the parent is willing to take on that responsibility. But no. No amendment. No compromise. Nothing that will place any limit whatsoever on the "freedom of homeschoolers."
It's also worth noting that the Leeper decision already stated that homeschool parents must do those things, essentially word for word. So why was HSLDA so worried about having homeschool parents sign a piece of paper saying that they would do so? HSLDA expounded on its opposition as follows:
HSLDA opposes the bill as it requires parents to send written confirmation to the commissioner that the parent will "adequately teach the child based on curriculum designed to meet basic education goals." This opens the door for further regulation to determine what is adequate instruction and who determines adequacy. It would require additional legislation to determine the "basic education goals" for homeschoolers.
This is a pattern I've noticed—HSLDA inevitably interprets any law that effects homeschooling in any way as a potential Trojan Horse, opening the floodgates that will (somehow) result in a de facto ban on homeschooling. Still, in this case it makes especially little sense, because Leeper itself, which HSLDA cites here as its freedom charter for Texas homeschoolers, already opened the door to regulation when it used words like "in a bona fide manner" and "curriculum designed to meet certain basic education goals," wording almost identical to that that this bill would require homeschool parents to affirm. But then, if the HSLDA didn't react in this way to every little law, it wouldn't have material to frighten homeschoolers into buying their legal insurance.
Several months after this update, HSLDA offered its members a final update:
Dear Texas Members and Friends,
Thank you for all of your hard work this legislative season! Because of your calls, letters, and email, we have been able to accomplish several major victories for homeschoolers in Texas. Tom Sanders, HSLDA's Legislative Counsel, was in Austin nearly every week during the legislative session, lobbying on your behalf to make these
successes a reality.
Homeschoolers killed S.B. 586, the homeschool registration bill. Our consistent message was "no compromise," and the sponsor got that message from your calls (over a thousand as estimated by a staffer).
Those thousands of phone calls and thousands of emails? This is how HSLDA gets its work done. And time and again, time and time and again, HSLDA succeeds. In fact, it succeeds in getting its way on essentially every homeschool bill it touches.
Truancy and Notification, 2010-2011
Texas schools' problems with confusing homeschooling and truancy continued for the remainder of the decade, until someone finally blew the whistle in 2010. As reported in the Chronicle:
In an attempt to ensure that public school districts aren't disguising high school dropouts, the Texas Education Agency is conducting an audit of students who withdrew under the auspice of home schooling.
TEA officials wouldn't reveal details of the audit — other than to say that the state is contacting a random sampling of families to validate that they intended to home-school when they left middle or high school.
More than 22,620 Texas secondary students were listed as withdrawing to home-school in 2008 — raising a red flag among some experts and educators who worry that Texas' lax regulations are encouraging abuse in the hands-off home-schooling category. The 2008 figures reflect a 24 percent jump from the prior year and roughly triple the number of high school home-schooling withdrawals from a decade ago.
"They looked at the numbers and data a little more closely and decided to go a little more in-depth," TEA spokeswoman DeEtta Culbertson said.
If parents who withdrew their children to homeschool were required to register with the state, we wouldn't have a problem with public schools recording dropouts as students leaving to homeschool in an effort to cook their books, and if there were at least some educational oversight we wouldn't have a problem with dropouts claiming they're homeschooling in an effort to avoid truancy laws. But don't bother mentioning any of that to HSLDA!
Here is an update on the situation a year later in the Chronicle:
A new documentation requirement will make it harder for students to leave the public school system under the guise of home schooling, closing a loophole in Texas' dropout statistics.
Starting this school year, a parent must submit a signed statement saying that a withdrawing student intends to study at home, regardless of the child's age. Documentation requirements also are being stiffened for students who say they're leaving to enroll in a private school in Texas or a school outside Texas. In either of these circumstances, a student is not counted as a dropout.
This change in policy took place without need for a law—it was a change in the school system's paperwork. In fact, this change didn't actually require homeschoolers to notify school districts of their intent to homeschool when withdrawing their children—something that still isn't required in Texas even today. Instead, the change meant that if the schools wanted to list a student as having left to be homeschooled in official school documents counting the number and flow of children, the administration would have to get a signed statement of intent to homeschool. And if the parent didn't want to give that—and they didn't have to—the administration would be out of luck.
HSLDA sent an e-alert to its members in response to this change:
Dear HSLDA Members and Friends:
According to the Houston Chronicle, the Texas Education Agency has now implemented its new policy to combat public school attendance fraud by requiring public schools to more fully document whether a withdrawing student intends to homeschool.
Last year, HSLDA alerted Texas homeschoolers that the TEA conducted an audit of public schools and found that some schools in Texas had been classifying dropouts as homeschoolers in order to keep drop-out numbers low. To combat this problem, the TEA is now requiring that when a student is withdrawing from public school, the school must have a signed statement from the parent saying that the student intends to study at home before it can classify them as "withdrawing to homeschool."
Texas law does not require parents who choose to teach their children at home to file any sort of notice of intent. Thus, the TEA cannot mandate parents to file any such form. However, HSLDA always recommends that parents who withdraw their children from public school inform the school of their intention, lest the sudden absence of the child create grounds for concern. Members can find a sample withdrawal letter on the members-only section of our website. This letter should serve as the parent's signed statement required by the TEA's new policy.
Should you encounter any school district that tries to force homeschooling parents to sign any statements regarding the enrollment of their children, please contact HSLDA immediately for assistance.
Darren Jones, Esq.
HSLDA Staff Attorney
It is absolutely true that HSLDA encourages new homeschoolers to notify their intent to homeschool when removing their children from a public school (notify, notregister) and it appears from the quote with which I began this post that HSLDA would be okay with requiring parents to give this notification. But that's it. Nothing more than bare, basic notification.
HSLDA is opposed to any oversight of homeschooling whatsoever, and if you read the organization's literature, it's as though they don't realize the practical results of their deregulation efforts. In a state like Texas, a parent may remove her children from the public school and, whether or not she notifies the school district of her decision to homeschool, keep her children at home and teach them absolutely nothing. After all, how is anyone to know? How is anyone to ensure that education is taking place?
In effect, it appears that HSLDA's goal is to—in practice if not in name—make compulsory education a thing of the past, allowing parents to opt their children out of formal schooling for any reason and without any requirement that they actually educate their children. I understand where they are coming from—they believe in the supremacy of parents' rights and parents' total control over their children's upbringing—I just strongly disagree with it. Their policies also, in effect, legalizes educational neglect. And indeed, in an article on compulsory education laws HSLDA stops short of openly coming out against them but nevertheless takes a very critical view of their very existence.
And again, this isn't hypothetical—it impacts real people and real lives. In 2011, Stephen L. Endress conducted a survey of public school administrators in Iowa and Illinois as part of his dissertation project. While his response rate was low, he found that his several hundred respondents reported that they believed that, on average, 25% of those who left their schools stating intent to homeschool were actually doing so specifically to avoid truancy laws. And when homeschooling regulations are low or nonexistent, there's nothing to stop people from doing that. This, quite simply, is the result of HSLDA's advocacy.
And yes, I would definitely say policies HSLDA's policies — and the state of deregulation it has contributed to — damages "the sanctity of homeschooling."
End of series.
HSLDAchild abuse, children's rights, Christopher Klicka, compulsory education, Darren Jones, deregulation, educational neglect, homeschool, HSLDA, Leeper, Libby Anne, parental rights, private school exemption, SB 586, state registration, Texas Education Agency, Texas Supreme Court, truancy


text:
Q: How to create unique tokens correctly in php? I'm new to php and I'm studying on my own, normally I create my tokens and insert them in the tables like this:
private function create_token($reference, $bytes, $slice)
 {
   $key = substr(preg_replace('/\W/', "", base64_encode(bin2hex(random_bytes($bytes)))), 0, $slice);
   return $reference . $key;
 }

function create_token('token_B8', 34, 22); //token_B8eEr32EEddDsfSDGRGgHHhg

This maybe is a correct way to create tokens but my doubt would be if this really is the correct way, I was thinking, obviously the chanses of there being 2 tokens in the identical table and from 1 to 1000000000 correct? Or is there a way to create a token that says:
Under no circumstances create an equal token
without having to create a function to check if the token in the table already exists.
I believe that what I should do is create a token the way I create it is to create a function that checks if this token already exists in the table, if it does, it generates another token, if not then insert it in the table. This seems to be a correct way, but as I'm new I don't know if there is a more appropriate way, can someone get me out of this doubt? thanks

A: The string generated by random_bytes() is maximally random, and literally everything you do to it after that is decreasing the amount of randomness in the string, and therefore the number of possible values that it could be.

*

*random_bytes() 8 bits of random per byte.

*bin2hex() stretches each byte of input over two bytes. [x0.5]

*base64_encode() stretches 3 input bytes over 4 output bytes. [x0.75]

*preg_replace('/\W/', "", $input) effectively changing from base64 encoding to base62, decreasing the space slightly once again. [x??? < 1]

So all told that 22 byte token you're generating represents 22 * 8 * 0.5 * 0.75 * ??? <= 66 bits of random data. So <= 73,786,976,294,838,206,464 possibilities.
Boy howdy, that sure seems like a lot, right? Well not really. Because of the Birthday Paradox the probability of collisions can get into the range of causing issues while you're still a few orders of magnitude away from filling the range.
I guess if we remove that pointless bin2hex() we could squeeze out another 66 bits for 132 in total? But how much more does that really get us?
5,444,517,870,735,015,415,413,993,718,908,291,383,296
A lot. A lot. I don't even care about that preg_replace() anymore.
For the sake of completeness, what about just a random_bytes(22)? 176 bits?
95,780,971,304,118,053,647,396,689,196,894,323,976,171,195,136,475,136
I guess the take-aways are:

*

*Don't confuse data encoding with "make more random" just because the output looks garbled. [Note: the same goes for hash functions]

*Don't apply functions/encodings willy-nilly if you don't know what they are actually doing.

In code:
$input = 'abc';

// all of these outputs contain the SAME amount of entropy, some of them are just longer representations
var_dump(
    $input,
    bin2hex($input),
    base64_encode($input),
    base64_encode(bin2hex($input)),
    bin2hex(base64_encode($input))
);

Output:
string(3) "abc"
string(6) "616263"
string(4) "YWJj"
string(8) "NjE2MjYz"
string(8) "59574a6a"

Anyway, with a sufficiently large random ID space it's more pragmatic to just put a UNIQUE constraint on the value and let the process fail when a duplicate value tries to be inserted. You can put in some retry logic, but odds are that it will never actually run unless someone leverages vulnerabilities specifically to make you generate duplicates and DoS yourself with retries. [yes, this is a thing]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The chutney stays good when refrigerated.
The pulp must be strained.
1. Pressure cook dates, jaggery and tamarind for 1 whistle and 5 minutes in simmer. Once the pressure is released, transfer to a food processor and blend to a fine paste.
2. Strain the pulp through a strainer. Add water. In a pan, add the extracted tamarind water, cumin powder, red chilli powder and salt. Boil for a few minutes. Remove and cool. Store in an airtight container in fridge.


text:
Friend and Foe
An installment of In The Shadows...
The eight-year-old girl with brown hair and eyes peered around the corner. She had done her part. It had been surprisingly easy to pick the man's pocket before he met with her mother. He was supposed to be a member of Pantheon and her mother had stressed how dangerous Pantheon was. The girl tried to contain her proud smile, watching her mother greet the man. Maybe this meant she was ready for more important jobs. Maybe-
Pain spiked from the top of her skull. She stumbled forward and it was a testament to her lifestyle that she didn't cry out. The girl whirled around, but instead of an adult she found herself staring at a little girl, about a year or two younger than her, with blonde hair and grey eyes. The blond girl stared back, as if surprised that she had not successfully knocked her out wit the butt of the gun she was holding. The top of the brown haired girl's head was still throbbing. She narrowed her eyes at the other child.
"That hurt!" She snarled and launched herself at the blonde in a tackle, knocking the gun out of her hand. The two girls tumbled to the ground. When her mother and the man from Pantheon came to stand over their wayward operatives they were still fighting; the gun lying forgotten a few feet away.
Seven months later…
The young blonde Pantheon member pushed her to the ground and landed on top of her. Down the street the bomb detonated prematurely, rubble showered down around them and the screaming began. The brown haired girl rolled them under a vendor's cloth covered table before they could be trampled by panicked civilians. The blondie pulled back and looked around at the canvas walls created by the tablecloth. "Not bad, freelancer." She reluctantly admitted.
"Not bad yourself, lapdog." The other girl replied, a smirk pulling at her mouth.
"Get him a little more to the left." The blonde girl's whisper came through her headpiece. The brown haired girl smiled at the target, then turned and ran to the left.
"Hey!" He shouted, starting after her. The girl heard the shot, followed by the short cry of pain and the thud of a falling body. She glanced back before she scurried away.
"Nice shot." She muttered. On the other side of the headpiece, a small blonde child smiled as she dissembled the gun.
Two years later….
The Filli blinked in surprise then smiled at Hecate, the Pantheon assassin who was working with the Femme Fatale. "So they gave you a codename, lapdog." Hecate rolled her grey eyes but she couldn't quite hide her pride. Ten years old was astonishingly young to receive a codename from the Pantheon.
"You're doing pretty well too, freelancer." Hecate eyed her mentor, silently impressed that the girl she'd known so long would one day become the next Femme Fatale. If she survived that long. "I wasn't sure if I'd see you again."
"Me neither." The Filli admitted with a shrug. "But Femme says Pantheon hires us a lot."
"That's because the Femme Fatale does good work." Hecate's mouth twitched as she almost smiled. "I'm sure you will too."
"Filli," Femme called, she nodded at Hecate and jogged back to her mentor.
Three hours later…
The Filli glanced up as the Femme spoke to her, speaking in French as usual when they were alone. "You know that we will not always be working for the Pantheon." She reminded her student. "Often we are working against them."
"Of course." The girl looked at her in surprise. "Why do you mention it?"
"Hecate." The Femme answered. Understanding flashed across the Fillia's face and her eyes hardened.
"I do not need to trust her to like her." She replied. "I know if ordered, she would kill me. And she knows that is she's in my way I'll kill her." The Femme smiled and patted her shoulder.
"I am glad you understand how friendship works." She said.
"Obviously." The girl's smile would have frightened a grown man. "We are children, not fools."
Hecate rolled away from her sniper rifle and to her feet, narrowly avoiding the bullet that embedded itself in the concrete shed been lying on. She glanced up at the twelve year old advancing on her with a gun. "Bodyguard work? Really?" She scoffed.
"He wanted the best." The Filli smirked.
"The best won't save him from the Pantheon." Hecate responded. The Filli's jaw set and she fired. Hecate dove behind a pillar and pulled a small gun from her ankle holster. And so the gunfight began in earnest.
Two months later…
"How's the leg?" The Filli asked as she unwrapped a lollipop, eyeing the boy her age. The Pantheon had hired her and the Femme Fatale to kidnap him.
"Alright, Persephone fixed me up pretty well. How's the shoulder?"
"Still a little stiff." The Filli suppressed a wince when she shrugged.
"Well, I hope you shoot as well with your other hand." Hecate remarked as she moved to intercepted one of the boy's bodyguards, an eleven-year-old girl looked innocent enough to slip right under his notice.
The Filli laughed. "You know I do."
First Kill
The Femme Fatale considered her student. The girl was 10 or 11 years old. Her dark hair and eyes could let her pass for three different ethnicities easily and many more with a little make up. It was something the Femme Fatale envied, as she herself was very clearly of Asian descent. (Not that that had hindered her career too much. It just meant she had to work a little harder in certain situations.) The girl was petite but strong. She had been working for the Femme Fatale for the past 8 months. Together they planted bombs, rescued hostages, and carried out assassinations. Yet, the student had never killed someone in front of her. Yes, she poisoned and bombed, but those deaths happened after the girl had left. The Femme Fatale was slightly concerned. Was this girl even capable of true murder? The Femme Fatale frowned. She wasn't sure. Given who her student's mother was and how the girl had been raised, she would think so. But she had yet to see the girl kill, and it was worrying.
"Fille," The Femme Fatale said, her French clipped and professional. It didn't matter that they were far from France; the Femme Fatale always spoke in French when she was alone with her student. It was a matter of tradition. "Êtes-vous prêt?" Are you ready?
"Oui, ma'am." Yes, ma'am. The student answered faithfully. Her French wasn't as good, but she was improving rapidly under the Femme Fatale's tutelage. She removed the fancy clip from her hair while her teacher discarded the canvas tube she'd been carrying as a blind. People still thought of blueprints as bulky pages rather than a microchip that could easily be hidden in a girl's barrette.
They had already scouted out the abandoned apartment building and knew their buyer, but it was better safe than sorry. The Femme Fatale taped a gun under the table. She noticed her student sticking a knife to the wall behind the closet door and wanted to smile. The girl was already picking up on the Femme Fatale's habits: habits that would keep her alive.
The Femme Fatale glanced around the sparse room. The table was the only piece of furniture, it was heavy wood and as dilapidated as the rest of the apartment building. They both wore heavy gloves in case they needed to use the gutter outside to make a fast exit through the window. "Il est ici." He's here. The girl said. She had sharp ears. The Femme Fatale stood at the table facing the door, both of her hands resting on the table's surface. The second the buyer walked in she went for the gun in her holster. She wasn't fast enough. A shot rang out. The Femme Fatale hissed as the bullet grazed her shoulder.
"Don't." The buyer commanded. The Femme Fatale gave him an unamused look. "Raise your ands, Fatale. You've always been an excellent acquisitions specialist and I hope that we can continue to do business after this, but I will shoot you if I have to."
"You're trying to rip me off." The Femme Fatale asked flatly. "You?"
"Step away from the table and raise your hands." The buyer insisted. The Femme Fatale rolled her eyes, but complied with the request. "You, girl." The buyer looked at her student. The Femme Fatale felt her hackles rise slightly as he addressed the girl. "Slide me the hairpiece." The buyer ordered. The girl hesitated, then walked to the table. She reached for the hairclip. The crack that broke the tension of the room nearly made the Femme Fatale duck for cover. Instead, it was the buyer who fell to the ground. His face hadn't changed except for the red circle above his left eye. The Femme Fatale looked at her student. The gun she had hidden beneath the table was raised at her waist. The Femme Fatale watched as the girl walked around the table and looked down at the man she had just killed. The girl seemed perplexed, if anything. Then she looked up at her mentor. She smiled. The Femme Fatale smiled back.
It seemed her student could handle it after all.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package org.apache.beam.sdk.io.aws2.sqs;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.testing.PAssert;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.testing.TestPipeline;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Count;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Create;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollection;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.SqsClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.Message;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.ReceiveMessageRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.ReceiveMessageResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.SendMessageRequest;

/** Tests on {@link SqsIO}. */
@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
public class SqsIOTest {

  @Rule public TestPipeline pipeline = TestPipeline.create();

  @Test
  public void testRead() {
    final SqsClient client = EmbeddedSqsServer.getClient();
    final String queueUrl = EmbeddedSqsServer.getQueueUrl();

    final PCollection<SqsMessage> output =
        pipeline.apply(
            SqsIO.read()
                .withSqsClientProvider(SqsClientProviderMock.of(client))
                .withQueueUrl(queueUrl)
                .withMaxNumRecords(100));

    PAssert.thatSingleton(output.apply(Count.globally())).isEqualTo(100L);

    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      SendMessageRequest sendMessageRequest =
          SendMessageRequest.builder().queueUrl(queueUrl).messageBody("This is a test").build();
      client.sendMessage(sendMessageRequest);
    }
    pipeline.run();
  }

  @Test
  public void testWrite() {
    final SqsClient client = EmbeddedSqsServer.getClient();
    final String queueUrl = EmbeddedSqsServer.getQueueUrl();

    List<SendMessageRequest> messages = new ArrayList<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      final SendMessageRequest request =
          SendMessageRequest.builder()
              .queueUrl(queueUrl)
              .messageBody("This is a test " + i)
              .build();
      messages.add(request);
    }

    pipeline
        .apply(Create.of(messages))
        .apply(SqsIO.write().withSqsClientProvider(SqsClientProviderMock.of(client)));
    pipeline.run().waitUntilFinish();

    List<String> received = new ArrayList<>();
    while (received.size() < 100) {
      ReceiveMessageRequest receiveMessageRequest =
          ReceiveMessageRequest.builder().queueUrl(queueUrl).build();
      final ReceiveMessageResponse receiveMessageResponse =
          client.receiveMessage(receiveMessageRequest);

      if (receiveMessageResponse != null) {
        for (Message message : receiveMessageResponse.messages()) {
          received.add(message.body());
        }
      }
    }

    assertEquals(100, received.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      received.contains("This is a test " + i);
    }
  }

  @BeforeClass
  public static void before() {
    EmbeddedSqsServer.start();
  }

  @AfterClass
  public static void after() {
    EmbeddedSqsServer.stop();
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home Culture Dutch history
Main entrance to Martinikerk to reopen by end of 2019
in Dutch history
By the end of 2019, the historic main entrance to the Martinikerk will be open to the public once again.
According to director of the Martinikerk Foundation, Hans van der Zee, the doors should be open again at some point before the end of 2019. "We still need to sort out the technology for registering the visitors coming in to ensure that there aren't too many people inside at the same time, but we will be able to do that between now and late 2019."
The metal turnstiles currently at the base of the Martinitoren will be removed and replaced with an electronic access system to make the entrance more accessible for everyone. The church expects to be able to bring in more visitors as a result: currently, around 12,000 people visit the church annually.
The Groninger Internet Courant reports that the entrance to the church had not been in use for three decades, but it was the grand doorway into the church for hundreds of years prior to that.
The plans to reopen the main doors are a collaborative effort among Marketing Groningen, the Groningen Safety Region and the Martinikerk Foundation, which was founded in 1975. The foundation oversees the accommodations for Protestant church services on site, maintains the building's historic architecture and raises funds for refurbishment. The foundation will cover the costs involved in reopening the doors once the necessary permits are approved.
The church is set to undergo some other thoroughly modern changes in the coming months. A crowdfunding campaign by Marketing Groningen raised nearly 57,000 euros to create a small screening space inside the Martinitoren itself, as well as a pop-up restaurant 70 meters up the tower. The tower itself is also meant to be used as part of a fitness boot camp and to host intimate acoustic concerts.
Tags: accessdoorsGroningenmarketingMartinikerkmartinitoren
Online shop moving to Winschoten means hundreds of jobs
NHL Stenden students win Frisian innovation competition


text:
ATP Barcelona - April 23 (final results)
Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell
ATP World Tour 500 event
€1,995,000 / 56 Draw
The tournament has really run true to form so far. There are 16 players left (and 16 seeds in the 56-man draw), and only No. 11 Marat Safin, No. 13 Richard Gasquet and No. 14 Robin Soderling failed to make it. The latter two have missed a lot of time with injury this year, and Safin drew the tough Juan Monaco in the first round (and Monaco is still in).
Organizers like it a lot when this happens (especially when six of the 16 are Spaniards). We would, however, have loved to see how Gasquet's beautiful, but one-handed backhand held up to the Nadal assault because little Christophe Rochus is going to be just a snack for the world No. 1. And, of course, we would have loved to see the two fiery ones, Gonzo and Marat, get it on.
And form held again today; the only "upset" was the No. 9 seed over the No. 8 seed. The top seven went through – not without effort.
Singles – third round
[1] Rafael Nadal (ESP) def Christophe Rochus (BEL) 62 60
[2] Fernando Verdasco (ESP) def [15] Tomas Berdych (CZE) 75 57 64
[3] Nikolay Davydenko (RUS) def [16] Feliciano Lopez (ESP) 76(8) 36 64
[4] David Ferrer (ESP) def Potito Starace (ITA) 46 75 62
[5-WC] Fernando Gonzalez (CHI) ] def Juan Monaco (ARG) 76(6) 63
[6] Tommy Robredo (ESP) def [12] Igor Andreev (RUS) 46 62 63 ***Lots of drama in this one, including an errant score call by chair umpire Roland Herfel, that led to Robredo thinking he was up 3-2 in the third (even though Andreev knew differently) when in fact it was deuce and Robredo having to save break point before holding. There was a racquet throw, there were calls questioned all over the place, there were dramatic conversations with the ATP Tour supervisor, there were evil glances acros the net. But they did shake hands at the end.**
[7] David Nalbandian (ARG) def [10]] Nicolas Almagro (ESP) 63 64
[9] Radek Stepanek (CZE) def [8] Stanislas Wawrinka (SUI) 64 16 75(Wawrinka was broken at 5-6 in the third set, to end it).
Doubles – second round
[1] Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan (USA) def Lukasz Kubot (POL) / Oliver Marach (AUT) 61 62
[4] Mahesh Bhupathi (IND) / Mark Knowles (BAH) vs Lucas Arnold Ker (ARG) / Fernando Gonzalez (CHI) (not played)
Doubles – first round
[2] Daniel Nestor (CAN) / Nenad Zimonjic (SRB) def Julian Knowle / Jurgen Melzer (AUT) 76 (3) 61
[5] Bruno Soares (BRA) / Kevin Ullett (ZIM) def [WC] Guillermo Alcaide / Alberto Martin (ESP) 63 62
Radek Stepanek (CZE) / Viktor Troicki (SRB) def [7] Jeff Coetzee (RSA) / Jordan Kerr (AUS) 64 61
Tennis birthdays - April 23, 2009 Fed Cup news roundup (Clijsters sighting!)
Pittsburgh 5 Top


text:
Posts Categorized: History
Tale of a Tiger
Facets of LTTE Chief Prabhakaran's life by DBS Jeyaraj, Daily FT, Colombo, May 13, 2020 The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) supremo Velupillai Prabhakaran was killed 11 years ago in combat with the armed forces of Sri Lanka on 19 May 2009. The longest war in South Asia came to an end after the… Read more »
A Trilingual Slab Installed in Sri Lanka by Admiral Zheng He
by R Shanmugananthan, August 28, 2020 TRILINGUAL-INSCRIPTION Admiral Zheng He made seven expeditions in the Indian Ocean. In Sri Lanka he set up a Trilingual slab (stele) with inscriptions in Devinuwara in circa 1409 CE. It was found in Galle in 1911 by a British Engineer. The Asian Voyage: In the Wake of… Read more »
Space & Movement in the Sri Lankan Conflict
by Oivind Fuglerud, 2004 Space_and_movement_in_the_Sri_Lankan_conflict Concluding Remarks In approaching the different responses to the engulfing violence above I avoided framing this question in terms of 'migration choice'. From an anthropologist's point of view the application of choice models in migration research has provided limited insights. We should, I believe, in analyses of displacement and migration… Read more »
US State Dept. Reports to Congress on Sri Lanka 2009, 2010 & 2012
by US Department of State Report to Congress on Incidents during the Recent Conflict in Sri Lanka 2009 Report to Congress by State Measures Taken by GoSL Apr 2012 Factual Supplement to the Report to Congress by State on Measures Taken by the GoSL April 4 2012 Report To Congress on Measures Taken by the… Read more »
July 1983 Anti-Tamil Violence
by Canadian Tamil Congress, July 2013
The Vaddukoddai Resolution of the Tamil Nation of Sri Lanka
An Appraisal on the Legal Dimensions of the Resolution by Dr. Sandrasegaram Paramalingam, June 11, 2020 [On 22 May 1972, the first native Constitution of Sri Lanka was adopted and enacted by the Constituent Assembly. It proclaimed Ceylon as Republic of Sri Lanka. Though this Constitution survived only for six and a half years, the… Read more »
Tamils Remember Genocide of Thousands on May 18
Tamils all over the World Remember the Genocide of Thousands on May 18, 2020 by Kumar Rasingam, May 12, 2020 Marking 11 years since the Sri Lankan military onslaught that massacred tens of thousands of Tamils, we revisit the final days leading up to the 18th of May 2009 – a date remembered around the world as 'Tamil… Read more »
G. G. Ponnambalam (1902-1977): His Power and Plight as a Tamil Leader
by Sachi Sri Kantha, May 8, 2020 Front Note: My father Siva Sachithanantham (1923-2003) was a fan of G.G. Ponnambalam's theatrics in the political platforms and legal arena. He developed this fascination during the 1930s (when he was a teenager, and 'Ponnan' was his first local political hero), when Ponnambalam first contested the Point Pedro… Read more »
Still Searching for Stephen Sunthararaj
by Tamil Guardian, London, May 7, 2020 On this day 11 years ago, Stephen Sunthararaj, an activist who had exposed the trafficking of Tamil children into international prostitution rings, was abducted and forcibly disappeared in Colombo by armed men in military uniforms. Sunthararaj, was the Project Manager of the Centre for Human Rights and Development… Read more »
Tamil Prisoners' Massacre 1983 Revisited by M. Nithyanandan
by Asian Tribune, Malaysia, July 26, 2004 Reliving the Welikade Prison massacres of 25 & 27 July 1983, is 'horror revisited' said M. Nithyanandan (54 yrs), a former Lecturer of the University of Jaffna and at present Head of the news and events divison of Deepam Television – a Tamil Language TV channel based in… Read more »
P. Sathiyaseelan Recalls Eelam Liberation Struggle
Posted in Tamil Diplomat, London, December 31, 2014 – February 25, 2017 Ponnadurai Sathiyaseelan formed the Tamil Manavar Peravai, or Tamil Students League/Union/Federation/Organization in 1970 in reaction to PM Bandaranaike's 'standardization' of university entrance to which priviledged Sinhalese students over Tamil students. In November 1970 this movement held a protest in the North which drew… Read more »
Tamil Militancy in Sri Lanka and the Role of Religion
by Iselin Frydenlund, pre-publication version for Oxford Research Encyclopedias, UK, September 26, 2018 Tamil Militancy in Sri Lanka and the Role of Religion …Fundamentally, the conflict in Sri Lanka is about failed nation-building in the postcolonial state, demographic politics, access to resources, and political influence, and it follows ethnic and linguistic lines. Religion—that is, Buddhism—has… Read more »
Sri Lanka's Sixth Amendment
a Violation of UN Charter and Fundamental Human Rights by Thambu Kanagasabai, PRESIDENT, The Tamil Canadian Elders for Human Rights Organization Late President JR Jayewardene of Sri Lanka after allowing and being complicit in the massacres of Tamils in the 1977, 1983 pogroms and justifying them as a normal reaction of Sinhalese to take revenge… Read more »
A Qualitative Analysis on Historicizing Nationalist Discourse
of the Origins of the Communities of Sri Lanka among the Contemporary Sinhalese by Jeyaseelan Gnanaseelan, University of Vavuniya, Melbourne Australia Nov 29-30, 2017, 19 (11) Part XIV A_Qualitative_Analysis_on_Historicizing Abstract— In the post-war reconciliation context, the Sri Lankans need to develop constructive discourse on political harmony, cohesion and co-habitation to make a positive impact on… Read more »
Post-Tsunami Reconstruction Needs Assessment for the NorthEast
by Planning & Development Secretariat, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, Kilinochchi, January 2005 Post-Tsunami Needs Assessment for the NE Jan 2005
Building the Tamil Eelam State
Emerging State Institutions and Forms of Governance in LTTE-controlled Areas in Sri Lanka by Kristian Stokke, Third World Quarterly, Vol.27, No.6, pages 1021-1040, 2006 Abstract Sri Lanka's civil war has created a political–territorial division between the government of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), where LTTE is engaged in a process… Read more »
The Sri Lankan Peace Process at a Crossroads
Lessons, Opportunities and Ideas for Principled Negotiations and Conflict Transformation by Tyrol Ferdinands, Kumar Rupesinghe, Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu, Jayadeva Uyangoda, Norbert Ropers, January 2004 The_Sri_Lankan_Peace_Process_at_a_Crossroads__Lessons_Opportunities_and_Ideas_for_Principled_Negotiations_and_Conflict_Transformation Executive Summary and Recommendations The Sri Lankan peace process is at a crossroads. Seven months after it withdrew from the talks, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) presented their proposal… Read more »
ICRC 1995 Annual Report
by International Committee of the Red Cross, May 31, 1996 ICRC 1995 annual report for Sri Lanka
Trend in Sri Lankan Military Spending 1996
by 'Erimalai,' July 1996 SL military budget 1996
History of the Land Grab
Of the Tamil homeland by the Sinhalese by Marvanpulavu K. Satchithananthan, Kaathalaham, Chennai, [no date, but probably ~1995] M K Sachithananthan History of Land Grab


text:
require 'active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing'
require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions'

module ActiveRecord
  module ConnectionAdapters
    class Column
      class << self
        def string_to_dummy_time_with_time_of_day(string)
          t = string_to_dummy_time_without_time_of_day(string)
          t.respond_to?(:time_of_day) ? t.time_of_day : t
        end
        alias_method_chain :string_to_dummy_time, :time_of_day
      end
    end
  end
end


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text:
Home > Ciaran McMeeken: Matter Of Time
by Sam Holdom
Ciaran McMeeken: Matter Of Time
From farm to fame – you can do it letter-by-letter in just two steps – but real life is typically much more ponderous. As Sam Holdom discovers, it has so far taken southern songsmith Ciaran McMeeken only a remarkably few short years, but that time has seen him taking numerous smart and propulsive steps.
Ciaran McMeeken by Ciaran McMeeken
A wise man once said that a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. For the journey that is Ciaran McMeeken's self-titled, first full-length LP, the single step was a piece of advice from an unlikely source.
"I had been toying around with the guitar for a while and was living and working on a farm near Owaka Valley. John the farmer and I were spraying some gorse one day, with some dodgy chemicals," he recalls, a wry smile creeping onto his face.
"He says to me, 'Look, mate, what are you doing?' I started waffling on, saying I was saving up the money to buy this gear, and he was so grounded. He said, 'How much money have you got, and how much does it cost?' I said I have two grand so he said, 'Mate, just go and get on with it.'"
As sage as the advice was, it turned out that getting on with it started from the very bottom.
"I went to Twang Town in Dunedin and knew nothing about anything. I asked the owner, Hyram, 'What do I need?' and he starts with a speaker. I was like '… a speaker…?' I didn't even know what an input was."
That initial spend, plus a chance trip to Waihi to pick up some more music gear including a couple of key effect pedals, set Ciaran up to start writing the songs that would take shape in his self-titled album. He remembers the time fondly, saying, "I set up a little thing, spent that $2000, and just got writing and jamming in my bedroom at my parents' house for the next six months."
Ciaran's genuine nature has led him to meet people and make connections that have shaped his journey as a musician.
"I met Tim Greenslade in Dunedin and that really changed things for me, having someone that really believed in me outside of my own family. I needed that validation in those early stages because I had no belief in myself whatsoever. We worked away for a couple of years putting together demos and releasing songs on Soundcloud. Tim gave me some structure."
With his guitar, his new found validation and John's simple piece of advice in tow, Ciaran's journey has taken him across both sides of the Tasman and both halves of Aotearoa, with a brief stint in Sydney leading to him finding his place in Auckland in 2014.
"I got really overwhelmed by the world in Sydney, and I really wasn't ready for it at the time. So I moved to the farm which was exactly what I needed. Then moving up to Auckland, I knew I was ready because everything has fallen into place."
Everything refers to the connections Ciaran has made since being in NZ's largest city.
"I've met some amazing people; all of my band, Robbie at The Bassment where I lived in a small room in the corner for five months, Tony Cowper, my manager, Greg Haver, my producer… it's been amazing."
Ciaran's early days in Auckland saw him performing solo as he had in Dunedin, with a unique dual microphone setup – one dry through the PA and one running through loop and effects pedals to create rhythms and harmonies on the fly. As impressive as those early shows were, his journey was never his own to complete. Collaborations with songwriters from around the world, plus the formation of his live band, have seen his songs move into a completely different form for this album.
The band, featuring Chris Ruscoe on drums, Jesse Reeves on bass, Aaron Prictor on guitar and M Andre on keyboards, has been as influential as one might expect for someone who had played solo his whole life.
"Expanding with the band has been a huge game changer and they've played heavily on the writing of the album. There's been a lot of feedback saying the album is quite country which I find interesting. Aaron was playing a Telecaster so there's some of that twang in there."
Any country rock is a far cry from the softer acoustic tunes that graced his early EPs, 'The Valley' and 'Screaming Man'.
It was the songs from those first two EPs, however, that led him on a writing journey in NZ and abroad. Attending APRA AMCOS's SongHubs in early 2016, followed up by a European writing escapade, saw him work with 20 other writers across the continent to craft material for his upcoming release. There is no shortage of star talent on said release – latest single That Feeling was a collaboration between Ciaran and MoZella, who has written for international bestsellers Miley Cyrus and Charlie Puth, among many others. The opportunity to work with like-minded talent from around the world inspired Ciaran's own writing to no end.
"Collaborating with other songwriters was a big breakthrough for me and I connected with it pretty much straight away as well. I love that process of sharing and writing together and that has really painted its mark on the album. I think about 70% of the songs on the album are co-written."
He remembers the process behind Which Way Shall We Go?, the first single from the album, very clearly.
"I was in London working with this guy Sam Craven. We had two or three days together. I was sick of it and had a bit of a headache and he was playing this huge riff that would repeat itself. I stopped him and said, 'Hey, humour me for a second. Just play the start, and then the end.' And that turned out to be the riff! That was probably the fastest song I've ever written."
Not only is Which Way Shall We Go? the lead single, it almost became the album title. Literally posing the question to himself during his journey, Ciaran wasn't quite sure which direction he was leaning when it came to the album.
"I was pretty set on 'Which Way Shall We Go?' until I had one crazy idea, 'Eat The Strawberries', based off a story from a mate that really resonated with me. I called my dad and said, 'I've named the album – 'Eat The Strawberries'.' And he goes, 'Son… sit down.' My parents have been awesome, they really listened to the album and got to know it well. He had a really grounding conversation with me, talking about the dynamics of the different songs and how there was no title that could encapsulate them all. He said, 'You're Ciaran McMeeken, you've written these songs, put a photo of your face on the cover and call it a day.'"
Back on home soil, the recording process began in August at Auckland's Roundhead Studios, arguably the pinnacle of recording music in NZ. With a staggering 50 tracks written for the album, some decisions had to be made.
"The ones that I wrote and didn't record, most of them were crap," Ciaran laughs. "The album kind of picked itself in a way. I love that about recording, you enter this whole new world. We spent a week at Roundhead and then three or four weeks at Nick Poortman's (recording engineer, Ekko Park, Skinny Hobos) studio in Birkenhead, but that first week was magic. Everything came together and we were so invested and so happy and having so much fun."
With all those steps behind him, does Ciaran see an end to his journey?
"My goal is to be the next Kiwi to win a Grammy," he proudly proclaims. "It's a massive statement. And even in the act of making it, I butted up against myself with a lot of fear and ego stuff. It's not so much about the Grammy itself, but more about… it's the Mt Everest of music, you know? I want to spread love and music to the world, but it's good to have a focal point. It may not be this album, but it really feels like a matter of time."
Paul Dyne – An Interview With Pania Simmonds
Stonehurst: Fighting The Urge
Jess Haugh: Women About Sound
Fresh Talent: Killing Bear
aaron prictor
apra amcos
chris ruscoe
ciaran mcmeeken
ekko park
greg haver
jesse reeves
m andre
nick poortman
sam holdom
skinny hobos
songhubs
the bassment
tim greenslade
tony cowper
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Devilskin: The Power And The Passion


text:
In one bay of The Elder Statesman's Los Angeles headquarters, Ariel is dipping sweaters into buckets of dye. She waves at me over a FaceTime call, wearing a mask and gloves. The results of her alchemy are lying on the ground in the hallway to dry; usually, they'd be in the small parking lot outside, but the wildfires in California have made the air too lethal for knitwear, let alone life.
The vast physical space of the brand's 25,000-square-foot compound belies the emotional closeness of The Elder Statesman's team. Before delving into his spring 2021 collection, a concise offering of "responsible newness," Greg Chait gives a dutiful tour of his campus. He pauses at each person he meets, mixing the business facts—in the shipping hub he points at each bin for each account, Hong Kong to Miami—with personal ones, like the manager who just got engaged in Yosemite yesterday. The brand's look book is populated by peripheral team members, denizens of Los Angeles that fuel the creative spirit of the area, from Jamaiel and Wo'se of Leimert Park's Vegan Café to Aram, who owns an auto body shop in Little Armenia. (Last season, Chait cast his own staff in the look book.)
The benefit of casting real Angelenos only helps The Elder Statesman prove that its brand of ultra-luxe knitwear has a universal appeal—and with a new hefty cotton yarn, upping the cozy and lowering the price, more will have access to the TES way. But that's half the story. Following on from last season are artworks and patterns pulled from the art of Thelma Chait, Greg's grandmother. Here, a legitimate universe unfolds. A codex that accompanies the collection explains the genesis of every pattern: Horizontal lines signify earth; vertical ones, the spiritual realms; the flower, humanity; and the dotted line, the passing of the space-time continuum. Those are just the obvious ones. The silent symbols are imbued into each stitch of yarn, from the knitters in Los Angeles to the many collectives and artisans Chait has ramped up production with around the world. In the end, The Elder Statesman is really an appeal to your vibes, and in such a fucked-up moment, good vibes are more welcome than ever.


text:
Filmová adaptace je převod jiného původního díla, jevu či objektu do filmové podoby. Za nejobvyklejší případ můžeme označit audiovizuální zpracování prozaického literárního textu (román, novela, povídka apod.), avšak jak píše v úvodu své knihy A Theory of Adaptation Linda Hutcheonová, při studiu adaptací si pouze s tímto vztahem nevystačíme. Předlohou filmu se může stát i drama, videohra, muzikál, balet, historická událost, rozhlasová hra, komiks, starší film (adaptace je pak označována za remake), nebo jako v případě slavné série Piráti z Karibiku – zábavní park.

Adaptační studia v angloamerickém prostředí
Teoretik George Bluestone, který bývá označován za "otce" adaptačních studií, vydal v roce 1957 knihu nazvanou Novels into Film. Rozvíjel myšlenky o specifičnosti jednotlivých umění, jež téměř dvě století před ním nastínil Gotthold Ephraim Lessing ve svém díle Laokoon (1766). Lessing se zabýval rozdíly mezi poezií a malířstvím. Podle něj není možné tyto umělecké disciplíny srovnávat, neboť se vyjadřují jinými způsoby – každá z nich má své přednosti, ale i svá omezení. Bluestone tento model aplikoval na vzájemný vztah literatury a filmu. Zatímco literatura vládne jazykem, hlavní silou filmu je jeho vizualita, a ačkoli to tak na první pohled nevypadá, vztahy mezi oběma médii jsou v praxi neslučitelné. Filmař tedy nevytváří adaptaci, ale spíše nové dílo, jehož vazba na jakoukoli literární předlohu je jen velmi slabá. Navzdory vyzdvižení rozdílů mezi literaturou a filmem byl Bluestone přesvědčen o nadřazenosti psaného slova.

K Bluestonovi odkazoval titulem Novel to Film (1996) Brian McFarlane, který se rozhodl zkoumat adaptaci pomocí strukturalistického přístupu zaměřeného na narativ. Něco mezi literaturou a filmem přechází prakticky nezměněno a něco dalšího je upravováno a adaptováno. Jako jeden z nástrojů analýzy McFarlane uplatnil termín francouzského vědce Rolanda Barthese základní funkce neboli jádro – u nich platí, že akce, k nimž odkazují, otevírají nebo zavírají nějakou nejistotu či alternativu děje. Tyto základní body příběhu lze snadno převést z knihy do filmu. McFarlane odsuzoval do té doby převládající studie s hlavním důrazem na "věrnost" vůči knize s odůvodněním, že adaptace nabízí mnoho zajímavějších témat, než jen lamentace, jak filmové zpracování "ničí" či "przní" veliká literární díla. Například proč je pro diváky adaptace stále natolik přitažlivá, že navzdory častým námitkám a stížnostem stále chtějí vědět i vidět, jak bude jejich oblíbená kniha ve vizuální podobě vypadat.

O sedm let později přispěla k diskuzi o novém směřování adaptačních studií Kamilla Elliottová knihou Rethinking the Novel/Film Debate (2003). Poukázala na skutečnost, že adaptace byla opomíjena a zavrhována, neboť má na svědomí dvě hereze vůči estetickým a sémiotickým teoriím 20. století – tvrdí, že slova a obrazy lze převádět z jednoho média do druhého a že forma se dá oddělit od obsahu. Elliottová představuje šest neoficiálních modelů adaptace, které různým způsobem pracují s rozkládáním formy a obsahu, a dokládá je příklady z mnohých adaptací románu Emily Brontëové Na Větrné hůrce. Text uzavírá prohlášením, že budeme-li studovat adaptační "hereze", dozvíme se toho mnohem více, než když se stále budeme držet logocentrismu, jenž vždy vyzdvihuje psané slovo a odsuzuje jeho audiovizuální podobu. Rozhovor s Kamillou Elliottovou byl uveřejněn v tematickém čísle časopisu Česká literatura (2/2013).

Robert Stam vydal v roce 2005 studii nazvanou The Theory and Practice of Adaptation, v níž dokazoval, že mezi navrhovanými teoretickými postupy interpretace a široce rozvinutou praxí psaní o adaptacích zeje mnohdy hluboká propast. Kritiky často obsahují slova jako "nevěrnost, zrada, znetvoření, zneuctění, bastardizace, vulgarizace či znesvěcení". Pozornost se stále upírá spíše na to, co se při převodu knihy do filmu ztrácí, než aby se zvažovalo, co příběh v nové podobě získává. Stam poté uvádí několik možných zdrojů nevraživosti vůči adaptaci. Řadí mezi ně mimo jiné předsudek, že literatura, jakožto starší umění, je nadřazena mladšímu filmu, kulturně zakořeněnou ikonofóbii (tj. strach z obrazů) a předpoklad, že adaptace na literatuře "parazituje". Adaptace se chytila do pasti kritiků. Je-li své předloze věrná, odsoudí ji jako málo kreativní, a pokud se odchýlí, zatratí ji jako ostudnou zradu knihy. Neexistuje jediné správné čtení textu – jestliže adaptace nemůže říct o předloze něco nového, proč by vůbec měla být natočena?

Linda Hutcheonová přinesla v díle A Theory of Adaptation (2006) významný poznatek, že adaptaci bychom neměli vnímat pouze jako hotové dílo, ale i jako proces jeho vytváření a pozdější divácké recepce. Adaptaci samotnou přirovnává k palimpsestu, neboť kromě okamžitého audiovizuálního zážitku skrze ni "prosvítají" další texty – předloha i jiná díla, jež máme uložena v paměti; opakování a variace témat spojené do nového intertextuálního celku. Tato "rozpoznávací hra" nemůže fungovat u diváků neznalých původního díla, kteří sice mohou ocenit film jako autonomní umělecký počin, ale specifické potěšení z vědomého sledování adaptace jim uniká. Žádná adaptace, ať už produkt či proces, se nevznáší ve vzduchoprázdnu, ale vždy existuje v nějakém kontextu – v místě a času, ve společnosti a kultuře a to je třeba brát při interpretaci v úvahu.

Thomas Leitch se hned v úvodu knihy Film Adaptation and its Discontents (2007) vyrovnává s problematikou věrnostního hodnocení, které odmítá jako neoprávněné a vůči adaptaci nespravedlivé. V dalších jedenácti kapitolách nezkoumá autor ani tak jednotlivé adaptace a jejich předlohy, jako spíše větší tematické celky s nimi spojené. Například jak vypadaly adaptace v době krátkometrážních filmů nebo rozmanitá zpracování Dickensovy Vánoční koledy. V páté kapitole rozvíjí Leitch možné kategorizace adaptací, ale pasáž ukončuje tvrzením, že pro adaptaci je prospěšnější zkoumat ji v širším intertextuálním kontextu, nežli se ji za každou cenu pokoušet zařadit podle nejistých norem. Šestá kapitola se věnuje na příkladu filmů Jih proti Severu a trilogie Pán prstenů otázce, čím je motivována důkladná snaha některých adaptací o věrnost, která by neměla být považována za normu, ale spíše za výjimečný úkaz sledující specifický a pravděpodobně komerční cíl.

Adaptační studia v českém kontextu
Literární a filmová historička Marie Mravcová začala již v osmdesátých letech publikovat srovnávací studie o filmových adaptacích a jejich předlohách. Část z nich je zahrnuta v knihách Literatura ve filmu (1990) a Od krále Oidipa k Francouzově milence (2001). Kromě těchto textů vydala autorka časopisecky několik podrobných komentářů k filmovým přepisům Jaroslava Havlíčka. Adaptace však byly, snad až s výjimkou Petrolejových lamp, zobrazeny v nepříliš příznivém světle.

Jazykovědec, filmový a literární historik Petr Mareš vydal společně s Alenou Macurovou v roce 1992 knihu Text a komunikace. Jazyk v literárním díle a ve filmu. V ní mimo jiné zdůrazňuje, že film – podobně jako divadlo – nepracuje pouze s jazykem, ale také s hudbou, zvuky a rozpohybovaným obrazem. To vše je nutné při dešifrování filmové komunikace brát v potaz. Petr Mareš rovněž připravil s Petrem Szczepanikem antologii Tvořivé zrady (2005), v níž shromáždili nejvýznamnější příspěvky polských autorů k debatě o filmu a audiovizuální kultuře. Sám pak zpracoval podrobné kapitoly o literatuře ve filmu v Dějinách české literatury 1945–1989.

Petr Málek na začátku devadesátých let uveřejnil ve filmovém časopise Iluminace články Konkretizace v literatuře a ve filmu (1991) a Teorie intertextu a literární kontexty filmu I-II (1993). V prvním jmenovaném nejdříve představuje pojem konkretizace, jak ho používal Roman Ingarden a Felix Vodička. V rámci tohoto kontextu se poté obrací k otázce věrnosti: jestliže vnímáme literární dílo jako něco, co neustále nabízí nové konkretizace (dobové i osobní čtenářské), dá se vůbec uvažovat v souvislosti s adaptací o věrnosti či adekvátnosti filmu? V textech z roku 1993 označil "adaptační úhel pohledu, postavený na chápání vztahu mezi oběma uměleckými druhy v rovině závislosti na literární předloze" za "nutně jednosměrný a jednostranný, a tedy omezený a anachronický". Místo toho navrhuje přístup intertextuální – film má samozřejmě i nějaké vazby na předlohu, ale zároveň se stává součástí nového univerza textů, z nichž čerpá, nechává se jimi ovlivňovat a sám k němu jako nové dílo přispívá.

Literární historik Petr Bubeníček připravil během posledních tří let tematická čísla časopisů Iluminace (1/2010), kulturně-literární revue Pandora (20/2010) a Česká literatura (2/2013) věnovaná adaptačním studiím a jejich vývoji. V nich se poprvé objevují překlady některých studií Thomase Leitche, Lindy Hutcheonové nebo Kamilly Elliottové, ale i články českých autorů jako jsou Petr Mareš a Petr Málek. Sám Bubeníček k nim přispěl textem věnovaným novému myšlení o adaptacích, případovou studií o Hlídači č. 47 a článkem o přístupech k interpretaci adaptací doplněným ilustračními rozbory.

V dubnu 2013 se v německém Greifswaldu uskutečnila mezinárodní konference Film Adaptation: Dialogue among Approaches (Filmová adaptace: dialog mezi přístupy), kterou pořádalo Centrum literárních a interkulturních studií Filozofické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity ve spolupráci s greifswaldským institutem Alfried Krupp Wissenschaftskolleg. Cílem bylo otevřít prostor pro diskuzi o současném stavu adaptačních studií, jíž by se mohli zúčastnit vědečtí pracovníci z různých pracovišť. Během dvou dní zaznělo celkem šestnáct příspěvků od mluvčích pocházejících z České republiky, Spojeného království, Německa, Švédska a ze Spojených států amerických. Byly předneseny referáty teoretické, žánrové, poznatky z oborů translatologie a intermediality i mnoho případových studií. Pojednávalo se například o adaptaci filozofického myšlení Martina Heideggera ve filmu The Ister, o používání koster známých příběhů v pornografickém průmyslu, nebo o možnosti vnímat Alenku v Říši divů jako samostatný kulturní druh, jenž se podle Darwinových zásad přizpůsobuje novému prostředí, aby přežil. Pestrost příspěvků ukázala, jak rozmanité přístupy se mohou při studiu adaptací uplatnit a že se jedná o otázky živé a velmi aktuální.

Po konferenci v Německu přijel Thomas Leitch do Brna, kde v Domě umění pod patronátem katedry České literatury a knihovnictví a Centra literárních a interkulturních studií FF MU vedl třídenní blok přednášek o minulosti, současnosti a možné budoucnosti adaptačních studií (Adaptation Studies 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0). Jako jednu z možností vývoje uvedl, že v dnešní době anonymních autorů blogů, fanfiction a videí na youtube by se adaptace mohla proměnit v jakýsi "divoký druh", jehož přežití bude záviset na míře pozornosti, kterou se mu podaří získat na úkor ostatních děl.

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura

Filmové žánry

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: What do "Goto Definition" and "Goto Reference" do in Sublime Text What is the purpose of these commands?:

A: As far as I know, this feature is only available if it's supported by the language you're using. For example, it's available with several bundled languages such as PHP or JavaScript.
When your cursor is over a function declaration (or when it's selected), you can use Goto Reference to jump to all calls of that function within your project. Using Goto Definition works the other way round, hover over a function call let's you jump to its definition.
Personally, I prefer using Sublime Text's tooltips that display definitions and references when hovering a function call.
Example:


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100ml of tap water was heated under standard laboratory conditions in a shallow Pyrex dish. Temperatures were measured, using a calibrated digital thermometer, maintained in the centre of the water volume and then plotted against time to reach 100ºC.
The experiment was repeated using water to which EndoTherm™ had been added.
It can be seen from the graph that water containing EndoTherm™ (red line) boils before the ordinary water (blue line) reaches 90ºC.
For more details check out the Endo Enterprises website.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Energy saving products featured on this website should not be interpreted as being endorsed by Epsilon Consultants (IOM) limited.


On 1st July 1940 the Luftwaffe formed a new unit at Koln-Ostheim airfield. This unit, given the designation Erprobungsgruppe 210, adopted the emblem of the British Isles in a gun/bomb sight graticule. In the forthcoming months the unit would be in the thick of the action during the Battle of Britain. Although composed of ordinary aircrew, theirs was a specialist role within the Luftwaffe Order of Battle. Using the standard German fighter aircraft, the Messerschmitt 109 and 110, they were deployed against England as a low level precision fighter-bomber unit. They also operationally tested the Messerschmitt 110 with an experimental 30 mm. cannon in place of the standard two 20 mm. armament, but they were not to fulfill perhaps their most important task, as an invasion of the south coast of England did not occur in 1940. For the first time in print details of this unit's almost certain suicidal role in the invasion plans are revealed. This work also provides far more comprehensive information on the well-known missions conducted by the unit, as well as bringing to light other raids not previously ascribed to them. The vast majority of photographs of aircraft and aircrew will be new to Battle of Britain readers, having been culled from many private sources in Germany. This work fills a significant gap in our knowledge and understanding of Luftwaffe fighter-bomber incursions over England during the Battle of Britain, and will appeal to the general reader, enthusiast and modeller alike Signed by: Bombo Schenck Wolfgang Schenck (7 February 1913 – 5 March 2010) was a German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II. He was born in Windhoek in German West Africa (now Namibia). Wolfgang Schenck was an important figure in the Luftwaffe's development of the fighter-bomber, as well as pioneering work in the use of the Me 262 jet-bomber.


Maimi has to rush to get ready after sleeping in in her January 11th update "Sleepyhead…(  ̄Д ̄)ノ". Full translation below.
It was the fastest I had ever gotten ready before!
Posted on January 11, 2014, in Blog, Translations and tagged Yajima Maimi. Bookmark the permalink.	Leave a comment.


Gorgeous, new 2 storage cottage.
Bottom floor: 3 large bedrooms with comfortable beds and flat screen in every room. 2 large bathrooms, one with spa. Beautiful staircase from the large entrance hall leads to the large kitchen with all domestic appliances and a large dining area with high ceiling. The room also offers an extremely comfortable sofa and reading corner. Doors lead to the huge balcony (60 m2), which hangs on 2 sides of the house and ensures that you can sit in the sun from morning to evening. There is an awning on one side and it is covered by the roof on the other side. It also offers patio heaters, a large gas grill and a large selection of chairs. Enjoy the view directly to the golf course, a lake and the forest from the house / balcony.
The house has a dishwasher, a large fridge, microwave, a washer, and a dryer. There is also a travel cot and children's highchairs.
Free admission for up to 6 people to the water park / wellness is included in the rent. See more at www.lubker.com.
Lübker Golf is voted the best golf course in Denmark, but the cottage is also suitable as a perfect resort for families and relaxation. Situated in Nimtofte, it is only a 10 minute drive to the theme park Djurs Sommerland, 15 minute drive to the beach and a 30 minute drive to Aarhus the house offers a large variety of things to do and see. Aarhus is Denmark's 2nd largest city, offering many shopping possibilities, museums, tivoli, harbour area, great nature, etc.
Electricity / water / heat is incl. in the price.


Before booking your training session you will be directed to a pre-training questionnaire. This is where you explain in detail what you are wanting help with. The more detail that you can give me the better that I can prepare for your training session. This means you get the most out of your training.
Schedule your one-on-one training sessions after your payment has processed.
Training is available on Tuesdays and Thursdays in 30-minute and 1-hour time slots.
I will send you a Zoom Meeting invite for your training session. We will have a video call where you are able to share your screen. We will work together on your issue or questions regarding WordPress.
Following your one-on-one training session, I will send you a recording of the session. Recordings are extremely helpful as you can reference back to the recording in the future. The recording is at no extra cost!
Hello! My name is Amanda Figlio. I am the owner and operator (aka client happiness facilitator) of Betty Lou Hosting. I am creative by nature and technical by training.