text:
National Anthem of Russia
Related subjects: Musical Recordings and compositions
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Государственный гимн Российской Федерации
English: State Anthem of the Russian Federation
Gosudarstvenny Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii
Performance of the Hymn of the Russian Federation by the Presidential Orchestra and Kremlin Choir at the inauguration of President Dmitry Medvedev at The Kremlin on 7 May 2008. Seen here is Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.
National anthem of
Sergey Mikhalkov, 2000
Alexander Alexandrov, 1939
25 December 2000 (music)
30 December 2000 (lyrics)
Relinquished
The State Anthem of the Russian Federation (Russian: Госудáрственный гимн Росси́йской Федерáции, tr. Gosudarstvenny Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the name of the official national anthem of Russia. Its musical composition and lyrics were adopted from the National Anthem of the Soviet Union, composed by Alexander Alexandrov, and lyricists Sergey Mikhalkov and Gabriel El-Registan. The Soviet anthem was used from 1944, replacing " The Internationale" with a more Russian-centric song. The anthem was amended in 1956 to remove lyrics that had references to former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. The anthem was amended again in 1977 to introduce new lyrics written by Mikhalkov.
Russia sought a new anthem in 1990 to start anew after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The lyric-free " Patrioticheskaya Pesnya", composed by Mikhail Glinka, was officially adopted in 1990 by the Supreme Soviet of Russia and confirmed in 1993 by President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin. The government sponsored contests to create lyrics for the unpopular anthem because of its inability to inspire Russian athletes during international competitions. None of the entries were adopted, resulting in the restoration of the Soviet anthem by President Vladimir Putin. The government sponsored a contest to find lyrics, eventually settling on a composition by Mikhalkov. According to the government, the lyrics were selected to evoke and eulogize the history and traditions of Russia. The new anthem was adopted in late 2000, and became the second anthem used by Russia since the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Public perception of the anthem is mixed among Russians. The anthem reminds some of the best days of Russia and past sacrifices, while it reminds others of the violence that occurred under the rule of Stalin. The Russian government contends that the anthem is a symbol of the unity of the people, and that it respects the past. A 2009 poll showed that 56% of respondents felt proud when hearing the anthem, and 81% liked it.
Historic anthems
Before " Molitva russkikh" (The Prayer of the Russians) was chosen as the national anthem of Imperial Russia in 1816, various church hymns and military marches were used to honour the country and the Tsars. Songs used include " Grom pobedy, razdavaysya!" (Let the thunder of victory sound) and "Kol slaven" (How Glorious is Our Lord). "Molitva russkikh" was adopted around 1816, and used lyrics by Vasily Zhukovsky set to the music of the British anthem " God Save the King". Russia's anthem was also influenced by the anthems of France and the Netherlands, and by the British patriotic song " Rule, Britannia!".
In 1833, Zhukovsky was asked to set lyrics to a musical composition by Prince Alexei Lvov called "The Russian People's Prayer". Known more commonly as " God Save The Tsar!", it was well received by Nicholas I, who chose the song to be the next anthem of Imperial Russia. The song resembled a hymn, and its musical style was similar to that of other anthems used by European monarchs. "God Save the Tsar" was performed for the first time on 8 December 1833 at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow. It was later played at the Winter Palace on Christmas Day by order of Nicholas I. Public singing of the anthem began at opera houses in 1834, but it was not widely known across the Russian Empire until 1837.
"God Save the Tsar" was used until the February Revolution, when the Russian monarchy was overthrown. Upon the overthrow of tsarism in March 1917, the " Worker's Marseillaise", Pyotr Lavrov's modification of the French anthem " La Marseillaise", was used as an unofficial anthem by the Russian Provisional Government. The modifications made by Lavrov to "La Marseillaise" included a change in meter from 2/2 to 4/4 and music harmonization to make it more Russian. It was used at government meetings, welcoming ceremonies for diplomats, and state funerals.
After the provisional government had been overthrown by the Bolsheviks in the 1917 October Revolution, the anthem of international revolutionary socialism, "L'Internationale" (usually known as " The Internationale" in English), was adopted as the new anthem. The lyrics were created by Eugène Pottier, and the music was composed by Pierre Degeyter in 1871 to honour the creation of the Second Socialist International organization. The lyrics by Pottier were later translated into Russian by Arkadiy Yakovlevich Kots in 1902. Kots also changed the tense of the song to make it more decisive in nature. The first major use of the song was at the funeral of victims of the February Revolution in Petrograd. Lenin also wanted "The Internationale" to be played more often because it was more socialist, and could not be confused with the French anthem. Other forces in the new Soviet government felt that "La Marseillaise" was too much of a song for the bourgeoisie. The Internationale was used as the anthem of Soviet Russia from 1918, adopted by the newly created Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922, and was used until 1944.
Post-1944 Soviet anthem
1983 Soviet stamp honoring the 100th anniversary of the birth of Alexander Alexandrov
The music of the national anthem, created by Alexander Alexandrov, had previously been incorporated in several hymns and compositions. The music was first used in the Hymn of the Bolshevik Party, created in 1939. When the Comintern was dissolved in 1943, the government argued that "The Internationale", which was historically associated with the Comintern, should be replaced as the National Anthem of the Soviet Union. Alexandrov's music was chosen as the new anthem by the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin after a contest in 1943. Stalin praised the song for fulfilling what a national anthem should be, though he criticized the song's orchestration.
In response, Alexandrov blamed the problems on Viktor Knushevitsky, who was responsible for orchestrating the entries for the final contest rounds. When writing the Bolshevik party anthem, Alexandrov incorporated pieces from the song "Zhit' stalo luchshe" ("Life Has Become Better"), a musical comedy that he composed. This comedy was based on a slogan Stalin first used in 1935 after the Ukraine famine and Moscow purges. Over 200 entries were submitted for the anthem contest, including some by famous Soviet composers Dmitri Shostakovich, Aram Khachaturian and Iona Tuskiya. Later, the rejected joint entry by Khachaturian and Shostakovich became Song of the Red Army, and Khachaturian went on to compose the Anthem of the Armenian SSR. There was also an entry from Boris Alexandrov, the son of Alexander. His rejected entry, "Long Live Our State" (Да здравствует наша держава), became a popular patriotic song and was adopted as the anthem of Transnistria.
During the 2000 anthem debate, Boris Gryzlov, the leader of the Unity faction in the Duma, noted that the music Alexandrov created for the Soviet anthem was similar to Vasily Kalinnikov's 1892 overture " Bylina". The supporters of the Soviet anthem mentioned this in the various debates that took place in the Duma about the anthem change. There is no evidence that Alexandrov deliberately borrowed or used parts of "Bylina" in his composition.
Lyrics composer Sergey Mikhalkov in 2002 meeting President Putin
After selecting the music by Alexandrov for the anthem, Stalin needed new lyrics for it. He thought the anthem was short and, because of the Great Patriotic War, that it needed a statement about the Red Army going on to defeat Fascist Germany. The poets Sergey Mikhalkov and Gabriel El-Registan were called to Moscow by one of Stalin's staffers, and were told to fix the lyrics to Alexandrov's music. They were instructed to keep the verses the same, but to find a way to change the refrains to where the song describes "a Country of Soviets". Because of the difficulty of expressing the concepts of the Great Patriotic War in song, that idea was dropped from the version which El-Registan and Mikhalkov completed overnight. After a few minor changes to emphasize the Russian Motherland, Stalin approved the anthem and had it unveiled to the public on 7 November 1943. The anthem also included a line where Stalin "inspired us to keep the faith with the people". The revised anthem was announced to all of the USSR on 1 January 1944 and became official on 15 March 1944.
After Stalin's death in 1953, the Soviet government examined his legacy, and uncovered the crimes he committed against the Soviet people. They began the de-Stalinization process, which included downplaying the role of Stalin and moving his corpse from Lenin's Mausoleum to the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. In addition, the anthem lyrics composed by Mikhalkov and El-Registan were officially scrapped by the Soviet government in 1956. The anthem was still used by the Soviet government, but without any official lyrics. In private, this anthem became known the "Song Without Words". Mikhalkov wrote a new set of lyrics in 1970, but they were not submitted to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet until 27 May 1977. The new lyrics, which eliminated any mention of Stalin, were approved on 1 September, and were made official with the printing of the new Soviet Constitution in October 1977. In the credits for the 1977 lyrics, Mikhalkov was mentioned, but references to El-Registan, who died in 1945, were dropped for unknown reasons.
Patrioticheskaya Pesnya
Performance of "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya" at the inauguration of Russian President Vladimir Putin on 7 May 2000
With the impending collapse of the Soviet Union in early 1990, a new national anthem was needed to help define the reorganized nation and to reject the Soviet past. The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR, Boris Yeltsin, was advised to revive "God Save The Tsar" with modifications to the lyrics. However, he instead selected a piece composed by Mikhail Glinka. The piece, known as " Patrioticheskaya Pesnya", was a wordless piano composition discovered after Glinka's death. "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya" was performed in front of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on 23 November 1990. The song was decreed by the Supreme Soviet to be the new Russian anthem that same day.
Between 1990 and 1993, many votes were called for in the State Duma to make "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya" the official anthem of Russia. However, it faced stiff opposition from members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, who wanted the Soviet anthem restored. Constitutionally, the state symbols of Russia are an anthem, flag and coat of arms. According to Article 70 of the Constitution, these state symbols required further definition by future legislation. As it was a constitutional matter, it had to be passed by a two-thirds majority in the Duma. Yeltsin, then President of the Russian Federation, eventually issued a presidential decree on 11 December 1993, making "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya" the official anthem for Russia.
Call for lyrics
When "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya" was used as the national anthem, it never had official lyrics. The anthem struck a positive chord because it did not contain elements from the Soviet past, and because the public considered Glinka to be a patriot and a true Russian. However, the lack of lyrics doomed "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya". Various attempts were made to compose lyrics for the anthem, including a contest that allowed any Russian citizen to participate. A committee set up by the government looked at over 6000 entries, and 20 were recorded by an orchestra for a final vote.
The eventual winner was Viktor Radugin's "Be glorious, Russia" (Славься, Россия! ("Slavsya, Rossiya!)). However, none of the lyrics were officially adopted by Yeltsin or the Russian government. One of the reasons that partially explained the lack of lyrics was the original use of Glinka's composition: the praise of the Tsar and of the Russian Orthodox Church. Other complaints raised about the song were that it was hard to remember, uninspiring, and musically complicated. It was one of the few national anthems that lacked official lyrics during this period. The only other wordless national anthems in the period from 1990 to 2000 were " My Belarusy" of Belarus (until 2002), " Marcha Real" of Spain, and " Intermezzo" of Bosnia and Herzegovina (until 2009).
Modern adoption
The official arrangement of the Russian anthem completed in 2001
The anthem debate intensified in October 2000 when Yeltsin's successor, Vladimir Putin, was approached by Russian athletes who were concerned that they had no words to sing for the anthem during the medal ceremonies at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games. Putin brought public attention to the issue and put it before the State Council. CNN also reported that members of the Spartak Moscow football club complained that the wordless anthem "affected their morale and performance". Two years earlier, during the 1998 World Cup, members of the Russian team commented that the wordless anthem failed to inspire "great patriotic effort".
In a November session of the Federation Council, Putin stated that establishing the national symbols (anthem, flag and coat of arms) should be a top priority for the country. Putin pressed for the former Soviet anthem to be selected as the new Russian anthem, but strongly suggested that new lyrics be written. He did not say how much of the old Soviet lyrics should be retained for the new anthem. Putin submitted the bill "On the National Anthem of the Russian Federation" to the Duma for their consideration on 4 December. The Duma voted 381–51–1 in favour of adopting Alexandrov's music as the national anthem on 8 December 2000. Following the vote, a committee was formed and tasked with exploring lyrics for the national anthem. After receiving over 6,000 manuscripts from all sectors of Russian society, the committee selected lyrics by Mikhalkov for the anthem.
Before the official adoption of the lyrics, the Kremlin released a section of the anthem, which made a reference to the flag and coat of arms:
Its mighty wings spread above us
The Russian eagle is hovering high
The Motherland's tricolor symbol
Is leading Russia's peoples to victory
—Kremlin source,
Instrumental performance of the Russian national anthem at the 2010 Moscow Victory Day Parade in Moscow's Red Square, resplendent with a 21 gun salute
The above lines were omitted from the final version of the lyrics. After the bill was approved by the Federation Council on 20 December, "On the National Anthem of the Russian Federation" was signed into law by President Putin on 25 December, officially making Alexandrov's music the national anthem of Russia. The law was published two days later in the official government Newspaper of record Rossiyskaya Gazeta. The new anthem was first performed on 30 December, during a ceremony at the Great Kremlin Palace in Moscow at which Mikhalkov's lyrics were officially made part of the national anthem.
Not everyone agreed with the adoption of the new anthem. Yeltsin argued that Putin should not have changed the anthem merely to "follow blindly the mood of the people". Yeltsin also felt that the restoration of the Soviet anthem was part of a move to reject post-communist reforms that had taken place since Russian independence and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This was one of Yeltsin's few public criticisms of Putin.
The liberal political party Yabloko stated that the re-adoption of the Soviet anthem "deepened the schism in [Russian] society". The Soviet anthem was supported by the Communist Party and by Putin himself. The other national symbols used by Russia in 1990, the white-blue-red flag and the double-headed eagle coat of arms, were also given legal approval by Putin in December, thus ending the debate over the national symbols. After all of the symbols were adopted, Putin said on television that this move was needed to heal Russia's past and to fuse the short period of the Soviet Union with Russia's long history. He also stated that, while Russia's march towards democracy would not be stopped, the rejection of the Soviet era would have left the lives of their mothers and fathers bereft of meaning. It took some time for the Russian people to familiarize themselves with the anthem's lyrics; athletes were only able to hum along with the anthem during the medal ceremonies at the 2002 Winter Olympics.
A 2001 stamp released by Russian Post with the lyrics of the new anthem
The Russian national anthem is set to the melody of the Soviet anthem (used since 1944). As a result, there have been several controversies related to its use. For instance, some—including cellist Mstislav Rostropovich—have vowed not to stand during the anthem. Russian cultural figures and government officials were also troubled by Putin's restoration of the Soviet anthem. A former adviser to both Yeltsin and Mikhail Gorbachev, the last President of the Soviet Union, stated that, when "Stalin's hymn" was used as the national anthem of the Soviet Union, millions were executed and other horrific crimes took place.
At the 2007 funeral of Yeltsin, the Russian anthem was played as his coffin was laid to rest at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow. While it was common to hear the anthem during state funerals for Soviet civil and military officials, honored citizens of the nation, and Soviet leaders, as was the case for Alexei Kosygin, Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko, writing in the Daily Telegraph Boris Berezovsky felt that playing the anthem at Yeltsin's funeral "abused the man who brought freedom" to the Russian people. The Russian government states that the "solemn music and poetic work" of the anthem, despite its history, is a symbol of unity for the Russian people. Mikhalkov's words evoke "feelings of patriotism, respect for the history of the country and its system of government."
In a 2009 poll conducted by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center and publicized just two days before Russia's flag day (22 August), 56% of respondents stated that they felt proud when hearing the national anthem. However, only 39% could recall the words of the first line of the anthem. This was an increase from 33% in 2007. According to the survey, between 34 and 36% could not identify the anthem's first line. Overall, only 25% of respondents said they liked the anthem. In the previous year, the Russian Public Opinion Research Centre found out that 56% of Russians felt pride and admiration at the anthem, even though only 40% (up from 19% in 2004) knew the first words of the anthem. It was also noted in the survey that the younger generation was the most familiar with the words.
In September 2009, a line from the lyrics used during Stalin's rule reappeared at the Moscow Metro station Kurskaya-Koltsevaya: "We were raised by Stalin to be true to the people, inspiring us to feats of labour and heroism." While groups have threatened legal action to reverse the re-addition of this phrase on a stone banner at the vestibule's rotunda, it was part of the original design of Kurskaya station and had been removed during de-Stalinization. Most of the commentary surrounding this event focused on the Kremlin's attempt to "rehabilitate the image" of Stalin by using symbolism sympathetic to or created by him.
The Communist Party strongly supported the restoration of Alexandrov's melody, but some members proposed other changes to the anthem. In March 2010, Boris Kashin, a CPRF member of the Duma, advocated for the removal of any reference to God in the anthem. Kashin's suggestion was also supported by Alexander Nikonov, a journalist with SPID-INFO and an avowed atheist. Nikonov argued that religion should be a private matter and should not be used by the state. Kashin found that the cost for making a new anthem recording will be about 120,000 rubles. The Russian Government quickly rejected the request because it lacked statistical data and other findings. Nikonov asked the Constitutional Court of Russia in 2005 if the lyrics were compatible with Russian law.
Federal law of 25 December 2000 on the national anthem of Russia
Regulations for the performance of the national anthem are set forth in the law signed by President Putin on 25 December 2000. While a performance of the anthem may include only music, only words, or a combination of both, the anthem must be performed using the official music and words prescribed by law. Once a performance has been recorded, it may be used for any purpose, such as in a radio or television broadcast. The anthem may be played for solemn or celebratory occasions, such as the annual Victory Day parade in Moscow, or the funerals of heads of state and other significant figures. When asked about playing the anthem during the Victory Day parades, Defense Minister Anatoliy Serdyukov stated that because of the acoustics of the Red Square, only an orchestra would be used because voices would be swallowed by the echo.
The anthem is mandatory at the swearing-in of the President of Russia, for opening and closing sessions of the Duma and the Federation Council, and for official state ceremonies. It is played on television and radio at the beginning and end of the broadcast day. If programming is continuous, the anthem is played once at 0600 hours and again at midnight. The anthem is also played on New Year's Eve after a speech by the President. It is played at sporting events in Russia and abroad, according to the protocol of the organisation hosting the games. When the anthem is played, all headgear must be removed and all those in attendance must face the Russian flag, if it is present. Uniformed personnel must give a military salute when the anthem plays.
The anthem is performed in 4/4 ( common time) or in 2/4 (half time) in the key of C major, and has a tempo of 76 beats per minute. Using either time signature, the anthem must be played in a festive and quick tempo (Russian: Торжественно and Распевно). The government has released different notations for orchestras, brass bands and wind bands.
According to Russian copyright law, state symbols and signs are not protected by copyright. As such, the anthem's music and lyrics may be used and modified freely. Although the law calls for the anthem to be performed respectfully and for performers to avoid causing offence, it does not define what constitutes offensive acts or penalties. Standing for the anthem is required by law but the law does not specify a penalty for refusing to stand.
On one occasion in the summer of 2004, President Putin chastised the national football team for their behaviour during the playing of the anthem. During the opening ceremonies of the 2004 European Football Championship, the team was caught on camera chewing gum during the Russian anthem. Through Leonid Tyagachev, then head of the Russian Olympic Committee, Putin told the team to stop chewing gum and to sing the anthem. Gennady Shvets, then the Russian Olympic Committee's press chief, denied being contacted by the Kremlin but said he was aware of displeasure with the players' behaviour.
Official lyrics
Россия – священная наша держава,
Россия – любимая наша страна.
Могучая воля, великая слава –
Твоё достоянье на все времена!
Славься, Отечество наше свободное,
Братских народов союз вековой,
Предками данная мудрость народная!
Славься, страна! Мы гордимся тобой!
От южных морей до полярного края
Раскинулись наши леса и поля.
Одна ты на свете! Одна ты такая –
Хранимая Богом родная земля!
Широкий простор для мечты и для жизни
Грядущие нам открывают года.
Нам силу даёт наша верность Отчизне.
Так было, так есть и так будет всегда!
Rossiya – svyashchennaya nasha derzhava,
Rossiya – lyubimaya nasha strana.
Moguchaya volya, velikaya slava –
Tvoyo dostoyanye na vse vremena!
Slav'sya, Otechestvo nashe svobodnoye,
Bratskikh narodov soyuz vekovoy,
Predkami dannaya mudrost' narodnaya!
Slav'sya, strana! My gordimsya toboy!
Ot yuzhnykh morey do polyarnogo kraya
Raskinulis' nashi lesa i polya.
Odna ty na svete! Odna ty takaya –
Khranimaya Bogom rodnaya zemlya!
Shirokiy prostor dlya mechty i dlya zhizni.
Gryadushchiye nam otkryvayut goda.
Nam silu dayot nasha vernost' Otchizne.
Tak bylo, tak yest' i tak budet vsegda!
Russia – our sacred homeland,
Russia – our beloved country.
A mighty will, great glory –
These are your heritage for all time!
Be glorious, our free Fatherland,
Age-old union of fraternal peoples,
Ancestor-given wisdom of the people!
Be glorious, our country! We are proud of you!
From the southern seas to the polar lands
Spread are our forests and fields.
You are unique in the world, one of a kind –
This native land protected by God!
Wide spaces for dreams and for living
Are opened for us by the coming years
Our strength is derived through our loyalty to the Fatherland.
Thus it was, thus it is and thus it always will be!
Retrieved from " http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Anthem_of_Russia&oldid=542045906"


Scary wildfire action on California freeway.
| All Boards | eXcite | Topic: Scary wildfire action on California freeway. 0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Re: Scary wildfire action on California freeway.
It really messed up my Saturday drive to Palmdale!
I-15 close to where my family live and luckily my son was back in Vegas and the family from Victorville decided not to come down for my last day there. Whenever the wind starts up this time of the year where my daughter lives right next to the hills we all worry.
I also saw where a bunch of nincompoop drone "pilots" hampered and delayed getting this fire put out. Drones are like the new ambulance chasers.
Nope, the left wants all firearms banned!
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Ubisoft has partnered with the Chamber of Commerce of Metropolitan Montreal to launch Ubisoft Women in Tech, an initiative aimed at inspiring young women to pursue careers in technology.
The initiative, which runs until June, will host American businesswoman Randi Zuckerberg, who regularly works to get more women interested in technology. She also previously served as director of market development at Facebook, which was co-founded by her brother Mark. The Chamber, alongside Bell International Leaders series and Ubisoft Women in Tech, will host a speech from Zuckerberg on March 14th in Montreal.
At the same time, Ubisoft Women in Tech will also appoint female role models to serve as ambassadors for the initiative. The ambassadors, who Ubisoft says will be revealed shortly, will meet Zuckerberg in Montreal before traveling to Silicon Valley on a trade mission funded by Quebec's Ministère de l'Économie et de l'Innovation. These ambassadors will later share their experiences in the tech industry with the larger public.


The field of contenders in the Oscar race for Best Documentary Feature will consist of 124 films, the Academy announced on Friday.
The number is fewer than last year's 134 entries. The record was set two years ago with 151.
Members of the Academy's Documentary Branch have received screeners of all the qualifying films, and are each randomly assigned a certain number of films to watch. Beyond the required viewing, members are free to see as many of the qualifying films as they can.
Voters have until the third week of November to view the films and cast ballots for their favorites. A shortlist of 15 films will be announced at the beginning of December, with a second round of voting producing the final five nominees.
Nominations will be announced on Jan. 14, with the 88th Academy Awards taking place on Feb. 28.


As I write this, hundreds of thousands of matriculants across the country are getting ready to write their final examinations.
Most are doing so in the belief that it's key to their future, but the truth is even the brightest pupils will leave school ill-equipped to deal with the challenges of a rapidly evolving workplace.
The same is true for the graduates of universities, technical colleges, and training departments.
As hard as they've studied, and as much work as they've put in, they simply aren't going to come out prepared for the working environment of today, never mind one where artificial intelligence has taken over many of the tasks currently performed by humans.
Thing is, it doesn't have to be that way. We can adequately prepare people for the future of work. It won't necessarily be easy, but it'll be far more beneficial than the band-aids we've applied to date. In order to understand what this revolution will look like, it's important to know what it shouldn't look like.
Previous attempts to modernise learning, both in the child and adult spaces, have been little more than band-aid solutions.
Titles were changed, existing tools were digitised and put online, and people found new ways to package and deliver courses. Yet the core assumptions and paradigms underpinning the education and training of children and adults today have largely remained the same for almost a century: those with power set the rules, and require others to follow.
The role of the education system is therefore to ensure that the rest (those not in power) see the world as they do, and can perform the tasks required of them, in line with set rules and requirements. In effect, it is to increase control over the thoughts and actions of the masses.
While this system had its uses at the time, things have changed in a big way in the intervening years. Disruptive technologies, in the hands of the masses, mean that small, innovative players, can steal the market from established players who've been around for decades.
This technology has also changed the way people do work. Being able to perform a prescribed series of tasks according to a pre-determined formula is no longer good enough. Technology is far more capable of memorising huge volumes of information, and then making decisions or taking actions based on prescribed rules. And within most current jobs, this forms a large part of what staff are being asked to do, and where most training is focused.
With machines increasingly capable of taking on the "logic" and "code" of most jobs, traditional job training is only preparing people for obsolescence. We need to instead prepare people to do what machines can't.
For too long, we've been training people to auto-pilot decisions and actions without drawing on too much cognitive energy. This has come at the expense of our 'slow brain', which allows us to contemplate difficult questions and conflicting patterns or beliefs.
Shifting to this more EQ-centric approach requires numerous interventions, including asking learners to innovate rather than replicate, think rather than memorise, and critically review information rather than just accepting it.
Implementing these principles will require serious change from schools, universities, and training departments. They will, for instance, have to change learning triggers from courses to activities and measure what people did with the knowledge gained rather than what they learned. There's no doubt that implementing these changes represents a big challenge. But it also represents a massive opportunity. It is time for us to completely embrace the change that is barrelling towards us, and to let go of the mental chains that have for so long held us back.


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Quantcast Launches QFS 1.0, Releases Project to Open SourceQuantcast File System Dramatically Improves Performance and Doubles Storage Efficiency for Hadoop Processing
SAN FRANCISCO, CA – September 27, 2012 – Quantcast, the company that's harnessing big data to deliver audience measurement and targeting solutions, today announced the release of the Quantcast File System (QFS) to open source. Evolved from the Kosmos Distributed File System (KFS, also known as CloudStore), QFS offers a higher performance alternative to the Hadoop Data File System (HDFS) for batch data processing, significantly improving data I/O speeds and halving the disk space required to reliably store massive data sets. Fully integrable with Apache Hadoop, QFS has been live at Quantcast for four years, reliably handling petabyte-scale production workloads.
The pioneer of direct audience measurement and a leading provider of real-time audience targeting, Quantcast enables online marketers and publishers to identify key audiences and create relevant advertising and more meaningful interactions with consumers. The company directly measures more than 100 million web destinations, collects well in excess of 500 billion new data records per month and, using QFS as its primary data store, exceeds 20 petabytes of daily processing.
"Quantcast houses one of the world's largest data sets and understands the challenges and opportunities of big data in a way that few organizations can. The sheer size and scale of its data set easily positions the company among the top five data processing organizations in the world, and its success leveraging QFS in production offers a compelling use case," said Ben Woo, principal analyst and managing director at Neuralytix. "With the inherent ability to more efficiently store, manage and process data at multi-petabyte scale, QFS will be attractive to technology savvy organizations that require greater storage efficiency and performance from their Hadoop clusters. The project has the potential to be one of the most significant contributions to the open source community since the advent of Hadoop and HDFS."
KFS was designed to provide high-performance back-end storage infrastructure for batch processing of large data sets. Released to the open source community in 2007, KFS demonstrated the advantages that a native distributed file system implementation similar to HDFS could deliver, but was fundamentally experimental and insufficiently stable for production usage.
"I am thrilled that the file system the Quantcast team and I built has reached this level of maturity. As we discovered, achieving production reliability at a multi-petabyte scale on thousands of nodes is a long, difficult effort," said Sriram Rao, originator of the KFS project and Principal Scientist Lead at Microsoft. "It's a rare open source project that provides this much value and has such a track record in a tough production environment. I'm delighted the broader community will be able to benefit and continue to evolve it."
Quantcast adopted KFS in 2008, and QFS emerged from its work to significantly extend the platform's performance, efficiency and management features to support daily production use. The company has operated with QFS as its primary production file system for over one year, during which time it has handled more than 4 exabytes of IO. QFS's significant performance improvements are achieved while simultaneously reducing disk storage requirements by 50% as compared to HDFS, with commensurate savings in capital and operating costs.
The QFS 1.0 release has enterprise-ready features that include: • Fast implementation in C++ with highly optimized metaserver (name node).
• Feedback-directed chunk allocation directs new data chunks to drives based on their available space and dynamic workload. • Coordinated restarts allow the metaserver to distinguish planned maintenance from node failure and invoke data recovery procedures only for the latter. • Unix-style permissions control access to files based on user and group identity. • User logging keeps file-level creation and access records. • Direct I/O optimizes disk access for highest performance. • Fixed-footprint memory management keeps memory usage stable, performance consistent, and cluster nodes easy to administer. • File replication automatically maintains multiple copies of data when desired. • Concurrent append allows multiple processes to write efficiently to one file, enabling high volume logging and efficient sort algorithms. • Reed-Solomon error correction ensures data availability with only 50% data expansion (compared to 200% for HDFS). • Hadoop compatibility plug-in makes QFS fully compatible with Apache Hadoop, offering a high-performance alternative for HDFS.
"In our Big Data future, file systems such as QFS will underpin cost-effective critical infrastructure for commerce and government. Just as performance and cost efficiency are key attributes of a file system, so are integrity and reliability, and we believe that the open source community is the most effective and sustainable path to dependable, enduring file system software," said Konrad Feldman, CEO at Quantcast. "Quantcast makes use of open source software and by making our own contribution with QFS we're hopeful that others will benefit as we have, and that community collaboration will enable QFS to meet the production demands of big data environments for years to come."
About QFS
Quantcast File System (QFS) is an open-source distributed file system that offers greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness for large Hadoop and other batch-processing environments. Through Reed-Solomon error correction, finely optimized disk and memory management in C++, load balancing and production management features refined on Quantcast's petabyte-scale workloads, QFS achieves significant performance improvements versus Hadoop's standard HDFS, while also reducing the storage footprint by 50%. QFS is plug-in compatible with Apache Hadoop and is available for free download under the Apache 2 license at quantcast.github.com/qfs.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Speed and Agility: Photographing Great Grey Owls with the Sony α9
Floris Smeets
Living in a remote corner of Norway, photographer Floris Smeets has a love of nature in his blood. "Both my parents are biologists. My grandparents were biologists. My sister is a biologist. My love of nature is embedded in me," says Floris. His first love was always nature, with photography giving him the opportunity to capture images of the species he saw outdoors.
© Floris Smeets | Sony α9 + FE 400mm f/2.8 GM OSS | 1/8000s @ f/2.8, ISO 100
"Where I live there are certain species that I have easy access to, and they are all seasonal. In the autumn I photograph the Musk Ox and the Reindeer, when the colours are just incredible. In the winter I get the white snowy landscape as a blank canvas for photographing the Musk Ox, and in the spring, the Black Grouse makes an appearance. The summer months are all about the Great Grey Owl, which breed in the forests near my home."
© Floris Smeets | Sony α9 + FE 400mm f/2.8 GM OSS | 1/5000s @ f/2.8, ISO 1250
Dedicating each season to just one species gives Floris the opportunity to get to know the individual pairs of owls. To capture his incredible images, it is as much about his fieldcraft as it is his photography; he must get himself and his Sony α9 cameras into the right location.
"I will go to their hunting sites", he explains, "which are old woodland clearings with plenty of fallen trees. Then I try and find a pair that are relaxed with me shooting. The camouflage of the owl is amazing but makes it hard to spot them. One minute you'll be sat there searching for the owls, not seeing anything, then suddenly you see the owls head turn and you realise it has been sitting there the whole time. So, I have to do a lot of scouting." Floris continues, "I may find 10 or 20 pairs before I come across a pair that I can work with. Then I will keep going only to that pair of owls for the rest of the season to maximise the images that I can get."
© Floris Smeets | Sony α9 + FE 400mm f/2.8 GM OSS | 1/320s @ f/4.0, ISO 1000
Going along with Floris is a Sony α9, which he pairs with the FE 400mm f/2.8 G Master lens. A second α9 and FE 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6 G Master lens acts as his second camera for when he needs the flexibility of a zoom lens.
I had used a DSLR for almost 20 years before I switched to the α9. After I used the Sony α9 for a few weeks I knew I would never be going back to using a DSLR.
With a background in ecology it is very important for Floris that he respects the animals. "I never use bait," he explains, "all of the images show natural behaviours of the Great Grey Owl."
Getting close to the owls to capture incredible images with the FE 400mm f/2.8 G Master lens, means getting to know the habitat of the owl: "They often have fixed perches where they sit. They fly from perch to perch to perch and they often do rounds in the air on their hunting ground, so you can often predict where they are going next. I get in position and wait for the owl to come to me. You will never get as close if you walk towards them."
Once Floris is close, the speed of the Sony α9 comes in to play. The autofocus and 20fps shooting rate without black-out enable Floris to capture incredible images of the Great Grey Owls in flight, no matter what obstacles are between him and the birds.
"With a DSLR you always have to keep a flying bird close to the centre of the frame to keep the autofocus working. With the Sony α9 having 693 AF points, almost across the entire sensor, I can set the AF area to Expandable Spot with focus tracking and I know that if a bird makes a sudden movement the AF will keep tracking it" says Floris. "This, combined with the ability to hold focus even when an animal briefly moves behind obstacles is why I'm able to capture the images I do and is why I love to work with my Sony Alpha kit."
FE 400mm f/2.8 GM OSS
Floris Smeets | Norway
"The constant change in nature makes nature photography so attractive. You can visit the same location every day and still come back with a different image every single time"
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text:
YCCECE is a member of the Yew Chung Education Foundation (YCEF), both are registered non-profit organisations in Hong Kong
YCCECE is founded in 2018 by the Yew Chung Education Foundation (YCEF), an established non-profit Association in Hong Kong with almost 90 years of pioneering history in Early Childhood and international education, bringing together the best of the East and West.
Since the 1970s, "Yew Chung" has been synonymous with high quality Early Childhood Education (ECE), thanks to the visionary leadership of Dr. Betty Chan Po-king, a globally renowned ECE educator. Today, the Yew Chung Approach to ECE is being recognised for its unique philosophy, curriculum and pedagogy, and we continue to explore new paradigms.
YCEF and its sister institutions are part of an extensive and growing network of kindergartens, schools, and college, providing quality education to over 10,000 students, spanning from infancy to tertiary, across more than 20 locations in Hong Kong, Mainland China and Silicon Valley in the US. YCCECE also builds upon the strong foundations laid by its predecessor, the Yew Chung Community College (YCCC), which was the first private institution in Hong Kong to offer formal teacher training, with the launch of its highly successful Higher Diploma in ECE (HDECE) programme in 2014.
In 2018, our College continued to blaze new trails by transforming into YCCECE – the first and only specialist ECE degree-awarding institution in Asia – and we proudly launched our flagship programme, the Bachelor of Education (Honours) in Early Childhood Education (BEdECE).
We are deeply committed to nurturing a new generation of passionate and inspired ECE professionals, who will have an enduring impact on the lives of numerous young children and their families, and truly change the world.
We are most grateful for the steadfast support of world-class ECE experts, as well as YCEF's extensive community of educators and overseas partners.
Yew Chung & Yew Wah Network
YCCECE is part of an unrivalled network of international kindergartens, schools and college that spans more than 22 locations in Hong Kong, Mainland China, and Silicon Valley in the United States. Each school is independently registered and operated.
22 Local and International kindergartens, K-12 schools and tertiary college
YCIS Hong Kong
YWIEK Shenzhen
YCIS Qingdao
YWIEK Qingdao
YCIS Beijing
YWIES Beijing
YWITEC Beijing
YCIS Chongqing
YWIEK Chongqing Fudi
YWIEK Chongqing Rongke
YWIES Yantai
YWIES Guangzhou
YWIEK Rizhao
YWIS Rizhao
Somerset Yew Wah Classroom
YCIS Shanghai
YWIES Shanghai Gubei
YWIES Shanghai Lingang
YWIEK Shanghai Biyun
Tongxiang
YWIES Tongxiang
YCIS Silicon Valley
1932 - 1970s
Madam Tsang Chor-hang founded the first Yew Chung School & Kindergarten.
Yew Chung Kindergarten and Primary School opened.
Dr. Betty Chan Po-king, Madam Tsang's daughter, revolutionised Early Childhood Education in HK by introducing play-based learning and child-centered approach.
Yew Chung Children's House and Kindergarten expanded to multiple campuses in Hong Kong.
Dr. Chan helped Hong Kong families see the importance of Early Childhood Education - this continued to be a core Yew Chung value.
The first Yew Chung International School was established in Hong Kong, then expanded to Secondary.
New Yew Chung and Yew Wah sister schools and kindergartens opened in Mainland China upon government invitations.
Yew Chung Education Foundation established the Yew Chung Community College.
YCCC became the first private institution in Hong Kong to offer formal teacher training by launching its 2-year Higher Diploma in Early Childhood Education programme.
Yew Chung Community College is upgraded to Yew Chung College of Early Childhood Education.
YCCECE launched its 4-year Bachelor of Education (Honours) in Early Childhood Education degree.
YCCECE opened its new campus in Tin Wan, Aberdeen.
YCCECE became the first college in Hong Kong to offer the "Infant & Toddler Education" concentration and proudly introduced the "Special Education Needs" concentration to its BEdECE programme
YCCECE's Inauguration and Grand Opening of Pamela Peck Discovery Space was held.
YCCCEC welcomed its first graduating cohort of Bachelor of Education (Honours) in Early Childhood Education Programme
Yew Chung College of Early Childhood Education (YCCECE) has been awarded the Programme Area Accreditation (PAA) for its higher diploma programmes by the Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications. It also allows us to award qualifications to students who have achieved QF Level 4 programmes (or below) and exempt from obtaining an external accreditation between 1 September 2021 and 31 August 2026.
The College became the first self-financed college in Hong Kong offer the Certification Course for Kindergarten Principals. The course is recognized by Education Bureau (EDB) and supported by our professional and experienced teaching team, it helps develop talents who want to take up the principalship in a kindergarten with the leadership skills and essential knowledge.


Javi Gracia believes the relationship between Ben Foster and Heurelho Gomes is reflective of the spirit throughout the dressing room and is a big part of what is driving the team to new heights, and has said that he would like Gomes to stay beyond the end of this season.
Foster has said he would insist that Gomes plays in the final if, for some reason, the Head Coach decides to go against what he has done in previous rounds and play the summer signing from West Bromwich Albion in goal. Gomes, meanwhile, feels Foster is the best keeper in England and could have no complaints if Gracia went with the 'keeper who has played in every Premier League game this season in the final on May 18.
"You could see this not only in Heurelho and Ben, but all the keepers," said Gracia. "When the game is finished, you could see the good relationship between all the players.
You saw that by the way Gomes hurtled onto the pitch at full-time at Brighton to hoist Foster aloft after arguably the individual performance of the season. Foster did the same to Gomes at Loftus Road in the fifth round of the cup and then again at Wembley on Sunday.
Gomes has made no secret of the fact that he is all but certain to bring down the curtain on a 17-year career at the end of the season, but Gracia, ever the optimist, has not given up hope of convincing the Brazilian to play on for one more season.
Gracia has also revealed that his three sons were bouncing after the FA Cup semi-final win over Wolverhampton Wanderers and that the family home is reverberating to the sounds of Watford songs.
The Head Coach's three sons, Jon (13) and 10-year-old twins Inigo and Mikel, were at Wembley on Sunday and Gracia said they would do The 1881 Movement proud with their rendition of all the songs about their father, the player and the club.
If, like tens of thousands more, you're still re-playing every key moment from the epic Wembley win over Wolves, then tonight's Watford v Arsenal match programme is not one to be missed!
There's a massive 16-page section dedicated to the Hornets' dramatic FA Cup semi-final, including a host of photos captured on the day plus analysis and reaction from players, pundits and fans alike.
A must for every Watford supporter's collection!
Plus lots more - available at Vicarage Road this evening.


text:
Q: Windows Service And Dll On A Network Drive I have a Windows Service that has to use a dll file on a network drive. When I was connected to  this network drive, I added this dll as a reference to my Windows Service. Automatically 2 more reference files were created by adding this dll file. There's a code on this service that simply creates an instance of a class from dll. While I am debugging this code on Visual Studio 2010, when I press F10 (Step Over), it throws an exception:
"Retrieving the COM class factory for component with CLSID {65EB3876-89FF-459F-BF24-02E8DD7F2DB2} failed due to the following error: 8007007e The specified module could not be found. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x8007007E)."
I use same dll and same codes on a Windows Forms Application for testing. It gives no error and creates a class instance successfully.
Could it be something related to permission for network drive?

A: Windows service is likely to run under different credentials, so your drive mappings are not "visible" for this account and hence the path to the DLL does not exist. The error code indicates you exactly this problem.
Services and Redirected Drives:

Drive mappings exist across logon contexts, so if an application is
  running in the context of the LocalService account, then any other
  service running in that context may have access to the mapped drive.

You need to re-register the DLL using UNC path, or copy DLL into local drive and re-register there, or set service to run with the same credentials as interactive usre the drive mappings exist for.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Skip to Main Contents
NZPB
MENU Skip to primary navigation.
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Working with offenders Te mahi me te hunga hara
Working with offenders
Before sentencing
In prison
We provide a range of programmes that help to reduce re-offending.
Information for victims Ngā mōhiohio mā te hunga pārurenga
Victim notification register
Corrections is committed to helping victims get the information they need.
Careers Ngā umanga
Resources Ngā rauemi
Strategic reports
Newsletters and brochures
Official Information Act
See our latest research, newsletters, strategic documents and more.
What works now
Practice: The New Zealand Corrections Journal
Prison statistics
Community sentences and orders statistics
Corrections Volumes Report
Prison Performance Tables
Assaults in prisons
Deaths in prisons
Contraband in prisons
Comorbid substance use disorders and mental health disorders among New Zealand prisoners
Women's Experiences of Re-offending and Rehabilitation
Topic Series Reports
Remand and sentenced prisoner tables
Formative Evaluation of the Mothers with Babies Units
What Works for Maori
Community Based Domestic Violence 2012
Tai Aroha 2012
Youth Therapeutic Programmes
Prisoner double-bunking: Perceptions and impacts (2012)
Community Sentence Patterns in New Zealand
Benchmarking Study of Home Detention Programs in Australia and New Zealand
About Time: Turning people away from a life of crime and reducing re-offending
Reconviction Rates of Sex Offenders: Five year follow-up study
Risk assessment of recidivism of violent sexual female offenders
Reconviction Patterns of offenders managed in the community: A 60-months follow-up analysis
Reconviction patterns of released prisoners: A 48-months follow-up analysis
Maori Offenders and Home Detention: Analysis of a One-Year Cohort
Over-representation of Maori in the criminal justice system
And there was light...
Best use of Psychological Service treatment resources
Census of Prison Inmates and Home Detainees
Child Sex Offender Treatment
Criminogenic Needs Inventory (CNI)
Inmate Family Relocation Study
National Study of Psychiatric Morbidity in NZ Prisons
New Zealand high-risk offenders
Prison Youth Vulnerability Scale
Risk of Reconviction
Te Whakakotahitanga - An Evaluation of the Te Piriti Special Treatment Programme
The Driving Offender Treatment Scale
The Effectiveness of Correctional Treatment
The Utility of the Psychopathy Checklist - Screening Version for Predicting Serious Violent Recidivism in a New Zealand Offender Sample
A Risk-Need Profile Using Four Measures for Youth Offenders Incarcerated in Young Offender Units
Māori Focus Units and Māori Therapeutic
How is Corrections progressing on their plans?
Where can I find Corrections' publications?
What key measures describe Corrections' work?
What information have we sent on request?
How does Corrections manage offenders?
Print PDF (725.8 KB)
Headline Conclusions – "What Works Now?"
The effectiveness of correctional rehabilitation continues to be confirmed through a wealth of published outcome studies.
Offender risk assessment remains both a valid and valuable procedure in supporting good offender management; a range of new risk assessment tools allows for better targeting of offenders with services.
Psychologically-based programmes continue to demonstrate robust outcomes in offender rehabilitation.
Good outcomes are being widely achieved through educational and employment training; provision of education and employment in conjunction with other forms of correctional rehabilitation is likely to bring about the best results.
Reintegrative services (social supports to released prisoners) can also improve outcomes for offenders who have participated in other forms of rehabilitation, but delivered in isolation these services appear to have limited impact.
Further evidence is required to validate the effectiveness of culture and faith-based services.
While poor programme outcomes continue to be reported, these are usually a result of inadequacies in how services are delivered; of particular importance is competence and skill in correctional rehabilitation facilitators.
The general principle of ensuring a comprehensive approach to rehabilitation, with a range of services addressing the individual's functioning across all key areas of their life – psychological, educational, employment and social circumstances – is strongly supported.
A substantial body of research evidence, known as the "What Works" literature, was influential in the design of the Department's current sentence management framework. This literature revolved around a number of key principles of correctional rehabilitation which, if adhered to in the design and delivery of services, would reliably lead to reduced rates of re-offending. The principles of effective correctional rehabilitation can be divided into three major domains, namely risk, targets and "responsivity".
It is now more than ten years since the main features of the existing sentence management framework were adopted. The current review examines new research published over the last decade that relates to these three domains. In doing so, the approach taken was not limited to publications directly aligned with the "what works" paradigm; the goal was to consider all new evidence which related to effective correctional rehabilitation.
The main findings of the review are presented below under the headings relating to each of the three main domain areas.
In relation to risk assessment, the current review concludes that knowledge of an offender's relative likelihood of recidivism remains valuable in supporting effective correctional treatment. Evidence confirming the accuracy and utility of a variety of risk assessment tools has continued to accumulate. Structured risk prediction tools have been adopted in countries around the world, and are in use in a range of ways to assist efficient offender management.
The utility of risk data has been demonstrated in serving both incapacitative and rehabilitative goals. With respect to the latter, the principle that treatment should be targeted at medium- and high-risk offenders, rather than low-risk offenders, has continued to receive empirical support.
Risk prediction tools have proliferated, and principles for their optimal use have become clearer. For the general offender population, research suggests that risk tools should be clearly structured to assess static (stable, enduring) risk factors or both static and dynamic (more changeable) factors. Accurate estimations of risk can also be produced by tools that guide clinical judgement. Assessing acute (highly changeable) factors can also provide guidance about whether offending may be imminent.
More recently, innovations have included risk assessment tools that are specific to certain types of offending, especially violent and sexual recidivism, and these specialised risk assessment tools have been proven to be more accurate than generic risk tools. Similarly, more accurate estimations of risk can be produced when specific tools are used for youth offenders and to assess psychopathic offenders.
Finally, there is now some evidence suggesting that assessment of positive characteristics in an offender's life (skills, strengths and social resources) are relevant to risk of re-offending, and should be included in an overall risk assessment.
The current review adopts the term "target" to refer to those aspects of the offender's personality, lifestyle or circumstances which, if effectively remedied in some way, lead to positive (reduced re-offending) outcomes. The term replaces the previous "criminogenic need" concept, which is no longer as widely accepted.
From an examination of published outcome studies, the following personal characteristics continue to show value as a focus for correctional intervention:
anti-social attitudes and beliefs
anti-social peer associations
deviant sexual interests
substance abuse and dependency
poor self-management and problem-solving skills
familial conflict and dysfunction
education and employment related deficits.
A great deal of published research in the last decade has confirmed low self-control as being central to the propensity to commit crime. As such this construct is confirmed as having great importance as a focus for treatment effort.
At this stage it remains unclear whether violence propensity per se should be classified as a target, as recent evidence has produced equivocal findings. Violence appears multifaceted with a wide range of contributory causes and, on this basis, taking a broad therapeutic approach is advocated
Prior to 1998 (the time around which the Department's sentence management approach was being formulated), education and employment-related activity were regarded largely as valuable "time-fillers" for prisoners, as the evidence for their utility in reducing re-offending was relatively slim. However, in the last ten years a range of robust studies has accumulated showing positive outcomes achieved as a result of targeting offenders with educational and employment-related training.
Less compelling evidence has been produced to support the simple targeting of reintegrative concerns (e.g., ensuring that released prisoners' accommodation, employment and social support issues were addressed), although this type of activity has been shown to be of benefit when provided in support of rehabilitation programmes.
Offending committed by different sub-groups is now better understood as having different etiologies and offence pathways. Consequently, targeting of characteristics that are specific to such sub-groups is supported. This research has had particular implications for the tailoring of treatment content directed at child-sex offenders and rapists. It is also recognised that the valid targets identified above are also effective targets in youth and female offenders. Psychiatric difficulties, relationship and family issues, and histories of victimisation have particular relevance for women. For youth, reducing the influence of anti-social peers, and engaging family and wider social network personnel as influences of change have strong validity.
"Target" refers to the specific focus for an intervention; responsivity refers to the manner or style in which an intervention is delivered. Recent research largely confirms much of what was already accepted ten years ago, but some new developments have arisen.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), involving techniques such as cognitive restructuring and social skills training, remains a "treatment of choice" in the correctional setting. However, the following theoretical approaches to treatment (some of which also incorporate CBT techniques) are also showing considerable promise:
Strengths-based approaches
Dialectic Behavioural Therapy
Moral Reconation Therapy
Purely motivational interventions
Therapeutic Community approaches
Indigenous culture-based services.
Faith-based interventions with offenders have expanded rapidly in many countries over the last ten years. However, at this point there is no conclusive evidence that such approaches can be effective.
With respect to the style of delivery, achieving positive outcomes means that correctional interventions need to conform to the following principles:
match the intensity of the programme or service (duration, number of sessions, amount of direct contact with programme personnel) to the risk profile of the offender
have a high degree of integrity, including:
basing the programme on a coherent theory of criminal behaviour
having manuals detailing content and procedures
having appropriately selected staff
monitoring of both the staff delivering the programme and individual offenders' progress
high levels of support for staff
ensuring a high proportion of participants complete the programme
be congruent with the cultural backgrounds of participants (use of language, concepts, imagery, etc)
be tailored to suit the specific learning styles of participants (e.g., an interactive and multi-dimensional approach to youth treatment, and taking a structured, repetitive behavioural approach for offenders with lower intellectual functioning)
where programmes are delivered in an institutional setting, include an "aftercare" phase in the community.
Intervention programmes have proven effective when delivered in a group setting. Evidence suggests that programmes may be more effective when delivered to offenders in the community rather than custodial environments; however this could reflect differences (such as the relative risk of offenders) in the community and custodial populations. Programmes in which offenders are mandated to attend have been shown to achieve positive outcomes.
The following staff characteristics have been associated with good outcomes in correctional rehabilitation programmes:
interpersonal manners characterised by empathy, respect, warmth, confidence and persuasiveness
staff members who are aware of their own biases and preconceptions
qualifications and training in a relevant professional discipline such as clinical psychology.
In summary, the main conclusion to be drawn from the current review is that the core principles adopted to underpin the original design of the Department's sentence management framework in the late 1990s are validated by recent research.
New developments have occurred, and this Department's own research has led the way in several areas. Opportunities exist for the Department to improve its procedures and approaches, and range of services, to rehabilitation. However, the Department can have confidence that the fundamental shift that occurred ten years ago, in adopting certain rehabilitative principles, remains both sound and rational as the basis for effective offender rehabilitation.
Our vision, goal & priorities


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text:
Die Herrschaft und spätere Grafschaft Nesle mit dem Hauptort Nesle (Département Somme) ist seit dem 11. Jahrhundert bezeugt. Sie befand sich bis ins zweite Drittel des 13. Jahrhunderts hinein in der Hand der nach ihr benannten Familie. In der Folgezeit wechselte der Besitz der Herrschaft alle zwei bis drei Generationen zwischen den Adelsfamilien, Ausnahme ist lediglich das Haus Saint-Maure, das etwa eineinhalb Jahrhundert im Besitz von Nesle war.

Im Januar 1466 wurde Nesle für Charles de Sainte-Maure zur Grafschaft erhoben, im Januar 1545 für Louis de Sainte-Maure zum Marquisat, wobei die Grafschaft um die Baronien Beaulieu, Arthies und Capi erweitert wurde. Im Dezember 1701 gestand der König dem Marquis Louis Charles de Mailly zu, dass der Titel innerhalb der Familie Mailly vererbt werden konnte, auch wenn der Erbe kein Nachkomme der früheren Marquis de Nesle ist. Die Bestimmung kam bereits wenige Jahre später zur Anwendung, als Louis III. Alexandre de Mailly, der Ehemann von Louis' Urenkelin Louise de Mailly, das Marquisat an seinen Bruder Louis de Mailly weiterreichte.

Im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert gab es ein zweites Marquisat de Nesle, das sich diesmal aber auf Nesles-la-Vallée bei L'Isle-Adam bezog. Der zugehörige Titel wurde von der Familie Coeuret getragen, die die Herrschaft Nesles im 16. Jahrhundert von der Familie Cossart geerbt hatte.

Herren von Nesle

Haus Nesle
 Ives I. de Nesle ⚭ NN de Soissons, Tochter von Guillaume Busac, Graf von Soissons
 Radulf, Seigneur de Nesle 1103/1125, dessen Sohn
 Ives II., 1115 bezeugt, † 1178, Seigneur de Nesle, 1141 Graf von Soissons;
 Radulf (Raoul), 1115 bezeugt, † 1153/60, 1134 Burggraf von Brügge, dessen Bruder
 Jean I., † 1197/1200, 1180 Burggraf von Brügge, Seigneur de Nesle, dessen Sohn
 Jean II., 1196/1239 bezeugt; † 1239, 1200 Burggraf von Brügge, Seigneur de Nesle, dessen Sohn
 Gertrud, † nach 1239, dessen Schwester ⚭ Raoul I. de Clermont, Seigneur d'Ailly 1187, † 1225/26

Haus Clermont
 Simon II. de Clermont, † 1286, deren Sohn, 1236 Seigneur d'Ailly, 1241 Seigneur de Nesle, 1270/71 Regent von Frankreich
 Raoul II. de Clermont, X 1302, dessen Sohn, Seigneur de Nesle, Vizegraf von Châteaudun, Chambellan de France, 1268 Connétable von Frankreich
 Alix de Clermont, † 1330, dessen Tochter, Vicomtesse de Châteaudun, Dame de Mondoubleau ⚭ Wilhelm IV ohne Land von Flandern, Herr von Dendermonde und Crèvecœur

Haus Dampierre
 Wilhelm IV. von Flandern, † 1320, deren Sohn, Seigneur de Nesle et de Dendermonde, Vizegraf von Châteaudun
 Jean, Seigneur  von Crèvecoeur et d'Alleux, X 1325, dessen Bruder
 Marie, † 1347/57, dessen Tochter, Erbin von Nesle, ⚭ Ingelger I., Sire d'Amboise, † vor 1373

Haus Amboise
 Jeanne d'Amboise, † vor 1403, deren Tochter, Dame de Nesle et de Mondoubleau, Vicomtesse de Châteaudun. ⚭ Charles de Trie, Graf von Dammartin, † nach 1368 (Haus Trie)
 Marguerite d'Amboise, deren Schwester. ⚭ Pierre II. de Sainte-Maure, genannt Drumas Seigneur de Montgauger

Haus Trie
 Blanche de Trie, Tochter Jeannes, Gräfin von Dammartin, Dame de Nesle, de Mondoubleau etc. um 1400 ⚭ Charles Bureau, Seigneur de la Rivière, † 1429 (Bureau (Familie))

Haus Sainte-Maure
 Jean I. de Sainte-Maure, Sohn Marguerites, Comte de Benon, Seigneur de Montgauger et de Nesle
 Jean II. de Sainte-Maure, dessen Sohn, Comte de Benon, Seigneur de Nesle et de Montgauger
 Charles de Sainte-Maure, dessen Sohn, Seigneur und Januar 1466 Comte de Nesle, Seigneur de Montgauger
 Adrien de Sainte-Maure, † 1504, dessen Sohn, Comte de Nesle, Seigneur de Montgauger
 Jean III. de Sainte-Maure, dessen Sohn, Comte de Nesle et de Joigny
 Charles de Sainte-Maure, dessen Sohn, Comte de Nesle et de Joigny
 Louis de Sainte-Maure, † 1572, dessen Bruder, Comte und Januar 1545 Marquis de Nesle, Comte de Joigny
 Charles de Sainte-Maure, * 1570, † 1576, dessen Sohn, Marquis de Nesle, Comte de Joigny
 Louise de Sainte-Maure, †nach 1548, dessen Tante ⚭ Gilles II. de Laval-Montmorency, † 1559, Seigneur de Loué, de Benais, de Maillé, de la Haye-en-Touraine, de Rochecorbon, de la Mothe-Saint-Héray, Vicomte de Brosse.

Haus Montmorency
 Jean, * 1542, † 1578, deren Sohn, 17. Juni 1578 erhoben zum Comte de Maillé, Marquis de Nesle, Comte de Joigny, Vicomte de Brosse
 Gui, * 1565, † 1590, dessen Sohn, Marquis de Nesle, Comte de Joigny et de Maillé, Vicomte de Brosse
 Gabrielle de Laval, * 1540, † nach 1593, dessen Tante ⚭ François Aux Épaules, Seigneur de Pizy, † vor 1593

Haus Aux Épaules
 René Aux Épaules, genannt de Laval, * 1575, † 1650, deren Sohn, Marquis de Nesle ⚭ Catherine de Montluc, Tochter von Jean de Monluc de Balagny
 Madeleine Aux Épaules, genannt de Laval, Marquise de Montcavrel et de Nesle ⚭ I Bertrand André, Seigneur de Rubempré, dann Marquis de Montcavrel. ⚭ II 1654 René III. de Mailly, † 1695, Baron, später Marquis de Mailly, Witwer von Marguerite, Tochter von Jean IV., Seigneur de Montcavrel

Haus Monchy
 Jean-Baptiste de Monchy, * 1629, deren Sohn aus erster Ehe, Marquis de Montcavrel et de Nesle, verkauft beides am 30. März 1666 seiner Schwester und deren Ehemann ⚭ Claude de Mailly, Tochter von René III. de Mailly.
 Anne de Monchy, dessen Schwester, ⚭ Louis I. Charles de Mailly, * 1618, † 1708, kaufen 1666 Nesle

Haus Mailly
 Louis I. Charles de Mailly, * 1618, † 1708, Marquis de Nesle, ⚭ Anne de Monchy
 Louis II. de Mailly, † 1688, dessen Sohn, Marquis de Mailly et de Nesle ⚭ 1687 Marie de Coligny, Tochter von Jean de Coligny, Comte de La Mothe-Saint-Jean.
 Louis III. de Mailly, * 1689, † 1748, deren Sohn, Marquis de Nesle et de Mailly ⚭ 1709 Armande, † 1729, Tochter von Paul, Duc de Rethelois-Mazarini (Haus La Porte) – Louis III. und Armande hatten fünf Töchter, von denen vier (Louise Julie (1710–1751), Pauline Félicité (1712–1741),  Diane-Adélaïde (1713–1760) und Marie-Anne (1717–1744)) Mätressen des Königs Ludwig XV. waren.
 Louise Julie de Mailly, * 1710, † 1751, dessen Tochter, ⚭ 1726 Louis III. Alexandre, Comte de Mailly
 Louis de Mailly, * 1696, † 1767, Bruder des Comte de Mailly, Comte de Rubempré, Marquis de Nesle, Comte de Mailly-Montcavrel ⚭ 1731 Françoise Arbaleste, Vicomtesse de Melun, † 1775
 Louis Joseph Augustin de Mailly, * 1744, † 1810, deren Sohn, Comte de Rubempré, Marquis de Nesle, Comte de Mailly-Montcavrel, ⚭ 1765 Adélaïde, † 1783, Tochter von Emmanuel Marquis de Hautefort
 Anne-Adélaïde, * 1766, † 1789, deren Tochter. ⚭ 1788 Louis, Prince d'Arenberg, † 1795 (Haus Ligne)
 Amalie, * 1789, † 1823, deren Tochter, ⚭ 1807 Pius, Herzog in Bayern, † 1837, die Großeltern u. a. der Kaiserin Elisabeth von Österreich

Die Marquis von Nesle im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert
 Jean Cossart, Seigneur de Vaumartin, de Galie, de Saint-Germain, de Nesle-en-partie ⚭ Antoinette Le Forestier
 Marie Cossart d'Espiais, dessen Tochter ⚭ Mathieu de Coeuret, † 1550. ⚭ Mathieu Coeuret, Seigneur de Rais
 Jacques Coeuret, † 1581, Seigneur de Nesle, de Vaumartin etc. ⚭ I Louise Le Pelletier de Martainville, ⚭ II Madeleine de Dampont
 Geoffroy Coeuret, dessen Sohn aus erster Ehe, Seigneur de Nesle, de Framecourt, de Verville etc.. ⚭ I 1584 Madeleine de Vaudetar, ⚭ II Jacqueline de la Salle
 Sébastien de Coeuret, * 1601, † 1693, dessen Sohn aus zweiter Ehe, Seigneur de Nesle, de Verville etc.  ⚭ 1638 Anne de Postel de Combron
 Louis de Coeuret, getauft 1647, † 1701, deren Sohn, genannt Le Marquis de Nesle, Seigneur de Nesle et de Verville. ⚭ 1684 Henriette Jeanne Rosalie de Bruc de Montplaisir, Dame d'Angivillers, * um 1668, † 1746
 Louis François de Coeuret de Nesle, * 1700, † ledig, dessen Sohn
 Philippe de Coeuret de Nesle, 1666/78 bezeugt, † 1710, Sohn von Sébastien de Coeuret. ⚭ I Judith Hurcel, ⚭ II NN de Chassaigne
 Pierre-Philippe de Coeuret de Nesle, dessen Sohn aus erster Ehe, * 1698, † 1760, Seigneur de Nesle ⚭ 1726 Marie Jacqueline Mahuet
 Pierre Nicolas de Coeuret, * 1727, deren Sohn, Marquis de Nesle ⚭ 1772 Armande Robillard de Villandon
 Jean Antoine de Coeuret, *1730, dessen Bruder, Marquis de Nesle ⚭ Geneviève Marguerite de Lamarre
 Jean Nicolas Coeuret, * 1780, † 1866, deren Sohn, Marquis de Nesle ⚭ Armande-Julie-Émilie Coeuret de Nesle.
 Louis-Armand-Alexandre Coeuret, * 1803, † 1879, deren Sohn, Marquis de Nesle, Abgeordneter ⚭ 1837 Suzanne-Clara de Grandmaison.

Literatur
 Detlev Schwennicke: Europäische Stammtafeln Band VII (1979) Tafel 16 (Haus Nesle), Band III.4 (1989) Tafel 653ff (Clermont), II (1984) Tafel 8 (Dampierre), XIII (1990), Tafel 2 (Amboise), Band III.4 (1989) Tafel 646 (Trie), Band XIV (1991) Tafel 140 (Montmorency)
 Ludovic de Magny, Le Nobiliaire universel ou recueil général des généalogies historiques, Band 5, S. 69ff (zur Familie Coeuret de Nesle)

Anmerkungen

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Thread: What Is Your Favorite Perfume or Cologne?
Re: What is your favorite perfume or cologne?
Drakkar Noir for me, Lalique for my wife.
I like many perfumes, but one of my favourites is Ptisenbon Tartine et Chocolat, and its main accords are citrus, white floral and green. The top-notes are orange, lemon and galbanum. Too bad the perfume isn't available where I live now, but luckily my father brought me a bottle.
Women, Do You Wear Perfume?
Guys, Do You Wear Cologne?


text:
Atelier Jean Nouvel The Marseillaise Marseille
Author: Jean Nouvel, Ateliers Jean Nouvel,
Photographer: Michèle Clavel,
City: Marseille, France,
Section: Offices,
Materials: Cement,
The Marseillaise, Jean Nouvel's new building on the Marseille waterfront, opened at the end of October 2018. Its painted concrete facade contains about 30 different hues of blue, white and red, blending with the sky and the red roofs of the city.
Marseille is fertile ground for outstanding and experimental architectural projects. Projects of the recent past come to mind, such as Le Corbusier's La Unité d'Habitation - Cité Radieuse or Fernand Pouillon's buildings and reconstruction of the old harbour, and even more recently than these, new buildings and structures that have confirmed the role of the French city as an inspiring "muse" for bold architecture. Projects such as Sir Norman Foster's Ombrière, Rudy Ricciotti's Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisation in Marseille (MuCEM) and Stefano Boeri's Villa Méditerranée, or the new FRAC (Fonds Régional d'Art Contemporain) by Kengo Kuma. This is by no means an exhaustive list, but it makes for an interesting walking tour, described in the itinerary prepared by Cintya Concari for Floornature, with the latest new addition, in chronological order, of a new project by Jean Nouvel: The Marseillaise.
Inaugurated at the end of October 2018, The Marseillaise is part of the Quais d'Arenc project in Euroméditerranée, Marseille's financial district by the sea.
Jean Nouvel is the third Pritzker Prize winning architect to work on the Marseille waterfront. Zaha Hadid went before him with the CMA CGM Tower, a 146 m high skyscraper across from La Marseillaise, while Sir Norman Foster designed the Ombrière, a pavilion built to host the events celebrating Marseille as European Cultural Capital in 2013. The area is also home to Roland Carta's Balthazar building, the cultural centre designed by architect Eric Castaldi in the former grain silos and the Docks de la Joliette, renovated a couple of years ago to plans by the Italian studio 5+1 AA (now Atelier(s) Alfonso Femia AF517).
Jean Nouvel's 135 m high tower is an important feature on the new Marseille skyline. The architect designed an unusual tower intended to become a symbol of the city and immediately declare that it belongs to the Mediterranean, playing with the sunshine and drawing light shadows in the sky. Its unusual painted concrete façade recalls optic art and kinetic motion. The architect used about 30 different colours, different shades of blue for the sky, white for the gullies of Provence and red for the bricks of the city. When seen from far away, the building produces an optical illusion, and the colours employed allow the tower to blend in with the landscape, the blue sky and the red roofs of the buildings. The complexity of the elements forming the tower only becomes visible upon approaching it.
Clients: Constructa
Architects: Jean NOUVEL – Ateliers Jean Nouvel
Assisting Architect to Jean Nouvel: Aurélien Coulanges
Design And Construction Grouping Headed by : Vinci Construction France
Studio Manager: Didier Brault
Project Leader: Alain Gvozdenovic (Project), Nathalie Sasso et Vincent Delfaud (Execution)
Project: Chen Chen, Jean-Patrick Degrave, Katarina Dobrowolski, Patricia Fernandez, Laure Frachet, Sangmin Hyun, Carolina Oliveira, Pedro Rodriguez Dinis
Execution: Jeanne Autran, Luisa Caprio, Alice Dufourmantelle, Jean Saint-Pierre, Beryl Monnot
Computer Generated Images: Ateliers Jean Nouvel + Golem (Project)
Graphic Design: Rafaëlle Ishkinazi (Project), Natalie Saccu De Franci, Élise Taponier, Clio Zancanella (Execution)
Engineers: Aedis (Structure), Alto Ingenierie (Building Services And Sustainable Development), Arcora (facades), Avel (Acoustic), Casso (Fire Safety), Serius (Kitchen)
Co-Contracto: Crudeli (CVCD), Snef (Electricity), Kone (Vertical Transportation).
Habitable area / Surface area: 39,560 m² / 46,767 m²
Location: Marseille, France
Photo: Michèle Clavel
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FICO, Fondazione Feltrinelli & Microsoft House among the winners of the 2018 MIPIM Awards


To recap the year, we highlight CEE's top five most viewed posts from 2018.
Free and inexpensive ways to prepare your home for winter to reduce energy waste.
RMI's Accelerator is an invitation-only meeting that brings together teams from across the country, over four days, to spark innovation around electricity consumption.
As the mantra to "electrify everything" continues to amplify, so does our need to understand electrification and what it really means for Minnesota's energy future.
Megan Hoye, CEE's engagement manager, is featured in MN CERTs Women in Energy blog series.
To increase our mission impact through program reach and effective operations, CEE continues to add staff in key areas.


An incredible night at Contemporary Calgary's LOOK2015, presented by Holt Renfrew, Calgary Herald, City of Calgary and Enbridge, the fundraising event that attracted more than 700 people from diverse industries to support Contemporary Calgary's major project of transforming Centennial Planetarium into a modern space for contemporary art. The evening began with an inspiring presentation by Adam Gopnik, followed by music entertainment by Canadian music-duo HUMANS and live art showcase at various locations in the building by Tia Halliday. With the tremendous effort from passionate supporters at the silent and live auctions (hosted by Dan Levy) and the generosity from anonymous donors, Contemporary Calgary had reached its goal raising $1 million. The money will be used to develop a space called the 'Temporary Calgary' - a pop-up art gallery that is scheduled to open in the fall of 2016. A huge congratulation to Contemporary Calgary's success at the 2nd LOOK event, and with this momentum, I can't wait to experience the new Centennial Planetarium space and see what it has to offer to elevate Calgary's contemporary art culture.


text:
Home > How You Can Help > Donate > Planned Giving > Planned Giving
For the Love of Your Dog. For the Future of Your Breed.
The AKC Canine Health Foundation Heritage Society honors donors who have made a commitment to the Foundation through a planned gift. Heritage Society members secure the future health of their beloved breeds and advance the mission of the Foundation so that all dogs live longer, healthier lives.
If you are thinking of updating or creating your estate plans, be sure your legacy honors your best friend. We are here to help you make a planned gift that works for you and supports the mission of the AKC Canine Health Foundation to advance the health of all dogs for years to come.
Making a Planned Gift
When you are ready to make a planned gift, consult with an attorney or a financial planner to make the best decision for your wishes and situation. We are happy to answer questions about our work and different types of planned gifts, and to provide sample language.
Consult our List of Planned Gift Types
Complete our Planned Gift Interest Form for Additional Information
Donor Testimonials
Marshall "Pete" Simonds was an integral supporter of the AKC Canine Heath Foundation both during his lifetime and with a generous bequest at his passing in 2008. Read more about Mr. Simonds' legacy >>
Margaret W. Pratt was a long-time supporter of the AKC Canine Health Foundation. She knew that research focusing on canine health was important, particularly for her favorite breed, Miniature Schnauzers. That's why she chose to leave a portion of her estate to CHF. Read more about Ms. Pratt's legacy >>
Membership in the Heritage Society
Once you've made a planned gift to the AKC Canine Health Foundation you will be recognized as a member of the Heritage Society. You may also join the Heritage Society anonymously. As a Heritage Society member you will receive regular Foundation communications, invitations to special events, and a Heritage Society lapel pin.
Please print the Heritage Society Enrollment Form and return to:
AKC Canine Health Foundation
chfdonate@akcchf.org
Types of Planned Gifts
Heroes for Health Research


text:
A fight over how to enforce immigration laws reaches the Supreme Court
By Joel Rose
U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas testifies before a Senate subcommittee on Homeland Security, on Capitol Hill on May 04, 2022, in Washington, D.C.
The U.S. Supreme Court will hear arguments Tuesday in a long-running dispute over how to enforce the nation's immigration laws.
President Biden's administration wants to set guidelines for whom immigration authorities can target for arrest and deportation. But a group of Republican attorneys general sued to block the guidelines, arguing that they were preventing immigration authorities from doing their jobs.
The outcome of the case could have major implications — and not just for immigration enforcement. Former Department of Homeland Security officials and immigrant advocates say the case could hinge on the question of how much discretion law enforcement agencies have to decide how and when to enforce the law.
"A cop doesn't pull over every speeder on the highway," says Jeremy McKinney, the president of American Immigration Lawyers Association. "So you have to make choices. All that the Biden administration was attempting to do was make choices, just like every administration before it."
It's widely agreed that Immigration and Customs Enforcement does not have the resources to arrest or deport all of the roughly 11 million people in the country without authorization. So immigration authorities have to set enforcement priorities — priorities that have swung sharply from one administration to the next.
'Prosecutorial discretion'
During former President Trump's administration, ICE agents and officers were empowered to arrest and deport anyone who was living in the U.S. without legal authorization.
"If you're in this country illegally and you committed a crime by entering this country, you should be uncomfortable," acting ICE director Thomas Homan told a congressional subcommittee in 2017. "You should look over your shoulder, and you need to be worried."
Aaron P. Bernstein / Getty Images
Thomas Homan, then-acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, testifies before the House Homeland Security Committee's Border and Marine Security subcommittee on Capitol Hill on May 22, 2018, in Washington, D.C.
When the Biden administration took office, it put on the brakes. Instead of arresting and deporting anyone they encountered who was in the country without authorization, immigration authorities were given a very different set of priorities.
Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas described the new guidance as an exercise of prosecutorial discretion.
"We have guided our workforce to exercise its discretion to focus on individuals who pose a threat to national security, public safety and border security," Mayorkas told NPR in an interview last year.
There had been official immigration enforcement priorities at the Department of Homeland Security before. During former President Obama's administration, ICE officers and agents were also encouraged to use prosecutorial discretion, and focus on threats to public safety.
But the announcement of the Biden administration's enforcement priorities prompted multiple lawsuits from immigration hardliners, who argue that this policy goes far beyond what any previous administration had done.
"They went way left on this. So it's almost like the Immigration and Nationality Act doesn't exist anymore," said Homan, the former head of ICE, during an interview last year.
Texas and Louisiana win in federal court
Part of what outraged Homan and other hardliners about the new priorities was that under the Biden administration's guidance, simply being present in the U.S. without legal authorization "should not alone be the basis" for immigration authorities to arrest or deport someone.
"Saying that someone cannot be removed just because they're an illegal alien is a drastic change in our immigration law," says Christopher Hajec at the Immigration Reform Law Institute in Washington, which filed a friend of the court brief before the Supreme Court. "It's not within an agency's power to do that. Only Congress could do that."
That's an argument that the states of Texas and Louisiana made in court. A federal judge in Texas agreed, and threw out the administration's enforcement priorities in June.
But former DHS officials of both parties worry about the implications of that ruling.
"Not everyone can be arrested or put in proceedings," said Julie Myers Wood, the head of ICE during the George W. Bush administration, and one of several former DHS officials who filed a brief expressing their concerns to the Supreme Court.
Wood, a former federal prosecutor, says every law enforcement agency exercises discretion about how to deploy its resources — and that those decisions are too important to leave up to individual field offices.
"What you don't want to see is a situation where a particular office is focusing on all noncriminal arrests simply because they are easier or more convenient to the detriment of individuals that have serious criminal histories," she said in an interview.
Wood says she might not have chosen the same priorities as Secretary Mayorkas, but it's his call to make.
If the lower court's ruling is upheld, immigrant advocates worry it could signal a return to the more expansive priorities of the Trump administration.
"There was a lot of fear in the community at that time," says Sarah Owings, an immigration lawyer in Atlanta. "And I did see some really awful things."
Owings says she had a number of clients who had been following the guidance and checking in with ICE for years who suddenly found themselves in detention. She remembers one man in particular whose wife was pregnant at the time of his check-in with ICE.
"He had a wife who was a high-risk pregnancy and a few weeks away from delivering, and they were like, well, he used a false name one time 10 years ago, so we're taking you in today," Owings recalls. "I really hope that we don't get back to that era."
Joel Rose is a correspondent on NPR's National Desk. He covers immigration and breaking news.
See stories by Joel Rose


text:
Jewish terror suspects allegedly threw stones killing Palestinian
The Shin Bet said that those five Jews arrested to date, three last Sunday and two more in recent days, are also suspected of other Jewish terror offenses.
By Yonah Jeremy Bob
January 6, 2019 14:10
Aysha Rabi, the victim of an alleged attack by Jewish youth in the West Bank. (photo credit: Courtesy)
Some of the Jewish minors arrested and questioned by the Shin Bet over the last week are suspects in the murder of Palestinian woman Aysha Ravi, the Israel Security Agency said Sunday.
Ravi, a mother of nine, was hit by rocks while driving in her car near the Tapuah Barrier in the West Bank and killed on October 12.
With her husband beside her, she was injured when the stones struck her head and taken to the hospital where she later died.
From the start, there was testimony from the Palestinian side that Jewish rock throwers had been involved, but no one had been caught until last Sunday.
The Shin Bet said that some of those five Jews arrested to date, three last Sunday and two more on Saturday, are also suspected of other Jewish terror offenses.
A statement from the agency said that the minors are students at Pri Haaretz Yeshiva in Riheilim which is near where the incident occurred.
Further, it said that on the day after the incident, a group of Yitzhar residents drove that Saturday (despite most Yitzhar residents identifying as Shabbat-observant which prohibits driving) to Riheilim to prepare the suspects for how to combat being questioned by the Shin Bet.
The Shin Bet did not clarify how it knew about this meeting or how the Yitzhar group was connected to the Rihelim group and refused to clarify which of the five were suspected in which crimes, saying the remainder of the probe is still under gag order pending the investigation.
Three of the suspects have been detained by the Shin Bet since last Sunday and only got to speak to their lawyers for the first time last night.
The detention of all five suspects was extended until at least Thursday.
"Since the arrests, the Shin Bet has identified a continuous and active effort from interested parties to slander the organization and its agents and to delegitimize its activities," said the Shin Bet.
The agency's statement continued, "This attempt should be condemned and should not be assisted and nothing should be done to weaken the Shin Bet from continuing its efforts to thwart terror in any form – Jewish or Palestinian. All of this based on the value's of the state and for the sake of national security."
A lawyer for some of the suspects, Itamar Ben Gvir, responded to the Shin Bet statement saying that the agency had not succeeded in getting the minors to confess. He said they had stuck to their right to remain silent, that there was no evidence against them and that they had been traumatized by the interrogation.
At a press conference later in the afternoon, Ben Gvir added that when he met his client last night, he looked like a broken person. He said that the Shin Bet had spit on him and used sexual threats as well as an improper use of undercover agents to try to get him to confess.
Lawyer Adi Keidar, who represents another suspect, echoed Ben Gvir regarding treatment during the interrogation and added that his client was chained to a chair from morning until evening.
The Shin Bet statement said that all of its interrogations have followed the law, been supervised by the state prosecution and receive court oversight.
More specifically, it reminded the public that lawyers of the minors twice asked the court to let them talk to their clients and that the court rejected both requests due to the severity of the allegations – at least until the Shin Bet relented Saturday night.
It rejected all allegations of violating the suspects' rights and said it has prevented hundreds of terror attacks in Judea and Samaria this past year, including Jewish ones.
In addition, the Shin Bet said that the minors had been detained separate from grown-ups as required by law and that they had been provided tefillin (prayer phylacteries), talitot (prayer shawls) and kosher food throughout the probe.
The Shin Bet added that the minors had not filed any formal complaints to the prison doctors or to the courts about their treatment.
Moreover, the agency distributed photos and a video of the burning of an Israeli flag and of writing "death to Zionists" and a Nazi symbol on an Israeli flag which it said were connected to some of the suspects in an effort to illustrate their ideology.
None of the minors' lawyers mentioned enhanced interrogation, which was used on the July 2015 Jewish defendants in the Duma murder case - currently in an ongoing trial.
In the Duma case, while some confessions obtained by the Shin Bet were invalidated by the court, many were accepted, and to date, none of the Shin Bet investigators involved have faced charges for misconduct.
Meanwhile, right-wing activist supporters of the minors protested outside the Rishon Lezion Magistrate's Court holding detention proceedings for the minors and another group of protesters blocked roads in Jerusalem.
Hadashot also played a recording late Sunday of a Shin Bet agent interviewing a parent of a student at the Pri Haaretz Yeshiva in which the agent said at least one of the students was definitely involved in the deadly rock throwing incident.
Regarding the Israeli flag pictures, Ben Gvir said that the face that the Shin Bet had not raised these issues in court suggested they were not serious issues in the case.
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text:
Striker Is Killed in Clash at Freeport Mine in Indonesia
A protest turned violent Monday as striking miners threw rocks and police responded with gunfire outside a Freeport facility in Timika, Indonesia.ILLUSTRATION: Agence France-Presse/Getty Images
By Eric Bellman And I-Made Sentana
Updated Oct. 11, 2011 12:01 am ET
JAKARTA, Indonesia—A strike turned deadly at a giant Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. mine in Indonesia, with one striker killed and more than 10 other people injured in a morning clash between laborers and police.
Thousands of employees of the Phoenix-based company's Grasberg mine, deep in the mountains of Indonesia's eastern-most province of Papua, have been on strike since Sept. 15, demanding higher wages.
How Apple Has So Far Avoided Layoffs: Lean Hiring, No Free Lunches
The Offshore Oil Business Is Gushing Again
Opinion: Jim Webb on Echoes of Vietnam, 50 Years Later