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Home Opinions Columnist Remembering Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud – Part I
Remembering Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud – Part I
Narrated by Syed Mir Mahmud Ahmad Nasir Sahib, son-in-law of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra. Al Hakam is grateful to Syed Mir Mahmud Sahib for sharing his personal recollections of a great
Syed Mir Mahmud Ahmad Nasir
A personal problem
Aside from many other reasons, it is difficult to say anything about Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud, may Allah be pleased with him, because he was a universe in himself and an ocean of knowledge. I remember his great personality and become anxious as to whether I can even describe him adequately or whether I will be able to explain his characteristics completely and draw a sufficient sketch in the minds of readers and listeners.
Given the situation, how can a person express such a vast, diverse and deep personality? This is a hurdle and I think that I will not be able to fulfill the responsibility of this article. Once, I reached for a notebook to write something, but I was not able to do it. One of the reasons was that I was afraid that I would not be able to fully introduce a great being like him. Another reason was that I could not stop my tears when remembering the compassion and kindness of his majestic personality. A personal hindrance in writing is that though I have seen Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra myself, I have also heard a lot of things in the house from my elders over an extended period of time.
Verbal accounts are equally important, but I am afraid that when people hear them from me, they will start considering them as my eyewitness accounts. Careful consideration of the narrated accounts is very necessary. In response to a man's query about Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra while I was serving in the United States, I said that I had not witnessed any prophet with my material eyes, but the closest person I had seen to a prophet was Hazrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmadra, whom I observed closely.
Regarding Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud'sra love for his Lord, I would say that people do remember God, but at times, they tend to forget Him. However, Hazrat Khalifatul Masih IIra states:
سوؤں تو تجھ کو دیکھ کر، جاگوں تو تجھ پہ ہو نظر
موت سے تھا کسے دریغ، اُس کا ہی انتظار تھا
"I go to sleep looking at You [God] and when I wake, You are my focus. I am not reluctant to die because am waiting for death [so that I may meet You]." (Kalam-e-Mahmud, p. 182)
Some people used to call Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra a prophet owing to their innocence or deep affection for him. For instance, Chaudhry Ghulam Sarwar Sahib, who belonged to Sialkot, used to say that Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra did not call himself a prophet because of his humility, but people should call him a prophet. I [Syed Mir Mahmud Ahmad Nasir Sahib] have also heard one such incident that listening to similar discourses, Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra said, "Some people call me a prophet, but I am certainly not a prophet," but after a short pause he stated, "I wonder whether the love of God I have in my heart is somehow less than that of prophets?"
He had a yearning for attaining God's love. Though I am not an eyewitness, I have also heard another incident that occurred in Qadian. Once, Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra became very ill. There were frequent announcements in the newspaper and requests for prayer were made. A regular pronouncement was published by Hazrat Amma Janra that her son, Mahmudra was ill. After some time, Allah the Almighty blessed him with good health. He visited the house of Hazrat Umm-e-Tahirra for a formal meal. Food was served, but he would not eat it. In fact, he would not even pay heed towards it. His family members requested him to start eating. Then in a very unique manner, expressing great displeasure, he told his relatives upon their repeated requests, "I was sick; I was to die and meet my God I was to see Him, but you all prayed and my health was restored."
He said this due to his passion of beholding the Divine. The narrator of the incident states that he left without eating any food.
Greatness and glory
I will now describe a bit about the feeling people used to experience when they would see Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra and the way they would observe him. To put it briefly, they used to experience a kind of grandeur, spiritual elevation, splendour, magnificence and dignity. It was as if a person was standing beneath a great mountain of the Himalayas and the mountain was about to come tumbling on them. However, looking closely, people would be filled with the certainty of affection, compassion, benevolence and kindness. This is not just my personal impression, rather just as has been said [to the Promised Messiahas]:
نُصِرْتُ بِالرعْبِ
"You have been helped with prestige", similarly, he too had an awe-inspiring personality that was full of grandeur, glory, excellence and honour. When I imagine the pure life, prominence and magnificence of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra, the following verse of the Holy Quran comes to mind:
الَّذِیۡ خَلَقَ سَبۡعَ سَمٰوٰتٍ طِبَاقًا ؕ مَا تَرٰی فِیۡ خَلۡقِ الرَّحۡمٰنِ مِنۡ تَفٰوُتٍ ؕ فَارۡجِعِ الۡبَصَرَ ۙ ہَلۡ تَرٰی مِنۡ فُطُوۡرٍ۔ ثُمَّ ارۡجِعِ الۡبَصَرَ کَرَّتَیۡنِ یَنۡقَلِبۡ اِلَیۡکَ الۡبَصَرُ خَاسِئًا وَّ ہُوَ حَسِیۡرٌ
"… Who has created seven heavens in harmony. No incongruity canst thou see in the creation of the Gracious God. Then look again: Seest thou any fl aw? Aye, look again, and yet again, thy sight will return unto thee only confused and fatigued." (Surah al-Mulk, Ch.67: V.4-5)
For 52 years, Paighamis [otherwise known as Lahori Ahmadis] and non-Ahmadi scholars kept trying to find faults in Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra but were unable to do so. I remember one scene vividly. I was a bit late for Friday prayer. Normally, we used to reach the mosque before the arrival of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra. He would come and then the muazzin would make the call to prayer. Huzoorra would wait by the pulpit and then stand up to deliver the sermon. On that specific day, I saw that the Huzoorra departed to lead the Friday prayer. There were some guards with him and some other elders of the Jamaat.
As I was also walking behind him at some distance, I noticed a civil servant. This person probably worked for the post or the telegram office and they would wear khaki uniforms in the winter season. He came on a bicycle and immediately got off when he saw Huzoorra and quickly set his bicycle up against the wall. Huzoorra did not see him and only I was watching the spectacle. The man, who was a Hindu, fell prostrate on the ground, due to the glory and radiance of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra. In one of his writings, the Promised Messiahas has stated about Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra that God would send him with His Word of Majesty ["He is the Word of Allah, for Allah's mercy and honour have equipped him with the Word of Majesty." (Announcement, 20 February 1886)].
The third impression that I have in my heart was the extraordinary intelligence of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra. You cannot even gauge the scale of Huzoor'sra intelligence. I can try and explain with the example of a light bulb, that once it is switched on, a time comes when its light goes off, but the intellect of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra was constant and kept progressing without stopping. I will relate a small incident of his intelligence.
In 1955, Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra was ill and he travelled to London. At the time, I was already there and had the pleasure to prepare a house for his accommodation. Some other friends were also accompanying him … There was a person who was associated with the Jamaat and a service was entrusted to him. Later on, he abandoned the Jamaat. It took me six months to understand this person. After a whole six months, I understood the mentality of the person and what he wanted.
However, when Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra came to visit, one day, that person handed me a letter placed in an envelope, which, instead of the private secretary, he wanted me to directly deliver to Huzoorra. Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra opened the envelope, but only a little bit; he did not open it entirely. He must have seen only a small part of the letter inside and immediately, he closed the letter and told me in detail about the person's intentions. It was the same impression which took me a full six months to assess. That person later turned out to be exactly as Huzoorra had described.
"He was a very impressive personality"
Regarding the astuteness of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra, I wish to narrate the case of a non-Muslim scholar-priest. He was Kenneth Cragg whose book, The Call of the Minaret is quite famous. A few years ago, when I went to England, Asif Mahmood Basit Sahib told me that Kenneth Cragg was alive. I was surprised as I thought that he would no longer be alive. He was a very old person.
This gentleman was then living in an institution built for the elderly. I went to meet him with Asif Mahmood Basit Sahib. This author was a very well-known and renowned figure. He was also known in the intellectual circles as well as the Christian circles. Accompanied with Hazrat Sir Chaudhry Zafarulla Khan Sahibra, he once came to meet Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra. I reminded Kenneth Cragg that he met Huzoorra in the year 1955. He had only one remark:
"He was a very impressive personality."
Now, he was an elderly learned man and a famous priest who worked against Islam. His testimony about the personality of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra was that he was impressive, even though he remained in the company of Huzoorra for a very short period of time.
Knowledge of the Holy Quran
Those who have read his commentary of the Holy Quran, Tafsir-e-Kabir are well aware of this aspect of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud'sra personality. It was this field in which he was a vast ocean of knowledge. Despite his illness, health and many other engagements, Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra used to regularly deliver his dars [sermon] of the Holy Quran in Qadian twice a day. A trunk of already prepared notes and references was ready before the preparation of Tafsir-e-Kabir's volumes. When conditions began to worsen during the partition of the subcontinent, Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra had already recognised the course of changing circumstances with his wisdom and foresight, and a small plane had been purchased for the Jamaat. Syed Muhammad Ahmad Sahib, son of Hazrat Mir Muhammad Ismailra used to fly it.
Once, Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra called him and asked, "How old are you, Muhammad Ahmad?" After hearing his reply, Huzoorra said, "A person can understand things at such an age. The trunk containing the notes of Tafsir-e-Kabir is placed right there. This is the basis of the Holy Quran's interpretation for the next 1,000 years. Take this trunk from Qadian to Lahore by plane and there, tell Sheikh Bashir Ahmad Sahib to deposit it in a bank.
Even his rivals were convinced about this aspect. So what more can I say regarding Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud'sra knowledge of the Quran! Hard work How do I write about this and explain it? [I recall] an instance of Rattan Bagh, Lahore. Once, after Isha prayer, Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra quickly came down and Chaudhry Ishaq Sahib was keeping guard there. After the partition, there was an ordinary security arrangement, with only a couple of men available for the security duty in every shift.
Chaudhry Ishaq Sahib himself related this incident to me that Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra told him, "Ishaq, I am engaged in important work. I have to send it to London by tomorrow morning. Due to this work, I sometimes lose track of time. So do this; come upstairs every hour and remind me of the time." Ishaq Sahib told me, "I went in at 9 o'clock and Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra was working. Again, I went in at 10 o'clock and he was working. I kept visiting him every hour, 11 o'clock, 12 o'clock, 1 o'clock, 2 o'clock, 3 o'clock and 4 o'clock – each time, I found him working. Then at 5 o'clock, Huzoorra said that it was enough and started to offer his prayers."
On many occasions, Maulvi Abul Munir Nurul Haq Sahib had the opportunity to work with Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra. He had the privilege to be actively involved in the work of finding various references for Tafsir-e-Kabir. In one of his lectures at Jamia, he stated his observation of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra in simple words that Huzoorra used to work all day and night, and he would only rest from 5 to 8 o'clock in the morning.
Likewise, my father, Hazrat Mir Muhammad Ishaqra was gracious to me in that many of his works that were to be presented before Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra, he used to deliver them to Huzoorra through me, instead of sending them through the private secretary. He would send me to ask about specific matters. As usual, he sent me one day and as I entered, I saw Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra seated on the floor. In front of him was a pile of letters, almost two and a half feet high.
Similarly, the mother of Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih IVrh [Hazrat Umm-e-Tahir, Syeda Maryam Begum Sahibara] was seated at a distance of two to three yards and there was a heap of letters in front of her as well. I noticed that Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra would read out a letter from the envelope, put it back in the same envelope and write the response on top of the envelope, which was later sent to the people in the form of proper responses through the staff members of the private secretariat. That day, I saw that in between the short period of time when Huzoorra would open the letter and place it back into the envelope, Hazrat Umm-e-Tahirra would read out a letter expressing that the sender had written about such and such subject and in this manner, would seek guidance from Huzoorra. Huzoorra would explain to her how to reply.
In the meanwhile, Huzoorra affectionately joked with me, listened to my father's question and guided me in this regard. The work of correspondence continued side by side. No one should consider this description of the "piles of letters" as an exaggeration. I wish to make it clear that Hazrat Khalifatul Masih IIIrh received 55,000 letters only in the very first year of his Khilafat and that is not all; he said that he read all those letters, dictated the answers and sent replies to all of them.
Hazrat Nawab Mubaraka Begumra has stated in her poem regarding Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra:
قومِ احمد جاگ تُو بھی، جاگ اُس کے واسطے
اَن گنت راتیں جو تیرے درد میں سویا نہیں
"Wake up O ye nation of Ahmad! Wake up for that person who has not slept countless nights in your pain."
This is the exact reality. He passed many nights without sleep. There was a non-Ahmadi who came to Qadian and later became Ahmadi; he used to publish books, like Al-Wasiyyat, Durr-e-Samin and Kishti-e-Nuh etc. that were permitted by Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya. He was a very nice person. He used to carry out very interesting discourses. When he came to Qadian before he embraced Ahmadiyyat, he said after spending some time there, "Your Mirza is a liar."
Everyone was shocked to hear these words. They turned towards him and insistently enquired, "What do you mean by this, that Mirza Sahib lies!"
He said, "Mirza Sahib stands up to carry out a speech and tells [the audience] that he is ill; that his health is poor and then he delivers an eight-hour speech!"
I have personally heard those speeches. After offering the Zuhr and Asr prayers, the speech would begin after the recitation of the Holy Quran. It would continue until the time for Isha, and even then, the speech would continue and no one in the audience would leave the gathering.
Regarding such occasions, an elderly person expressed to Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra, "I sit down to listen to your speech. You explain a point. I listen to that point carefully. But I also have bladder issues and I am old. Thereafter, you start explaining another matter. I sit down again to hear it as well. As soon as it ends, the next one starts and I cannot leave to answer the call of nature. At last, it becomes extremely impossible [for me to hold it any longer]."
I was present at the scene when Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra was attacked with a dagger. I ran towards the house of Dr Mirza Munawar Ahmad Sahib to report the attack on Huzoorra. When Huzoorra was shifted to the upper storey of the house, I had the opportunity to serve him for some days. At that time, I remember that despite such a near fatal attack, there were only a few days before Hazrat Musleh-e-Maudra resumed his work again.
(Transcribed by Tariq Hayat. Translated by Junaid Ahmad Warraich)
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U.S., Ukraine Kick Off Annual Black Sea Exercise
BLACK SEA, Ukraine -- The U.S. Navy continues to wave its flag at Russia's front door. The United States and Ukraine on Sept. 1 launched exercise Sea Breeze 2015 in the Black Sea.
U.S. and Ukraine officials visit warships during the Sea Breeze 2015 opening day ceremonies Sept. 1. Sea Breeze is an air, land and maritime exercise designed to improve maritime safety, security and stability in the Black Sea.
Officials tout the 14th annual multinational exercise as a way to strengthen regional security in a volatile riven by Russia's 2014 annexation of Crimea and the continuing civil war in Ukraine, which borders Russia.
The exercise's at-sea phase will include maritime interdictions, anti-submarine warfare, air defense and self-defense against small boat attacks in the Black Sea — and will unfold under Russia's watchful eye.
A report from the Russian news agency Interfax said Russian intelligence is monitoring every move.
For example, the Russian frigate Ladny was ordered to shadow destroyer Donald Cook when it entered the Black Sea in late August.
This came as no surprise to Vice Adm. James Foggo.
In a Sept. 2 phone interview, the 6th Fleet boss said the U.S. Navy maintains a near-continuous presence in the Black Sea, and "nine times out of 10, a Russian warship [is] waiting for us."
This time, the Russian ship gave the added courtesy of hailing the Donald Cook, and the skipper by name, to welcome them into the Black Sea.
"While we are out there in close proximity, we keep an eye on them as they keep an eye on us," said Foggo, a 1981 Naval Academy graduate and career submariner.
"So far, it has been professional interaction. And I expect that."
Flexing military muscles in the region is the new normal.
U.S. forces entered the Black Sea for Exercise Breeze and Exercise Sea Shield in July, and Exercise Trident Poseidon in May.
The destroyer Jason Dunham entered the Black Sea on April 3 in support of Operation Atlantic Resolve, a series of NATO drills launched in April 2014 to strengthen security in response to conflict in Ukraine.
Seventeen countries took part in Baltic Sea naval drills as part of exercise BALTOPS in June.
Exercise Joint Warrior united 12,000 warfighters from 15 NATO countries in April.
This included an armada of roughly 60 warships and submarines in the North Atlantic in what was touted as a show of strength to deter Russian aggression.
The Russians typically respond to a NATO exercise with a show of force Foggo calls a "Snap-Ex," in which they send a large number of ships at sea for a few days.
"It is a message. Everything is strategic messaging," the three-star said.
"I am always impressed with that. It is not easy to get ships underway on short notice."
Last year, for example, the Russians held a large-scale war game in the Black Sea at the same time as the U.S., Bulgaria and other nations conducted multinational training.
Foggo said he was unaware of any Russian plans to conduct a Snap-Ex during this exercise, but said partner nations would be ready to respond accordingly.
If it does take place, he said, "I don't have any problem with that."
Joining the co-host nations are troops from Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Moldova, Romania, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom.
Participants include roughly 400 U.S. sailors aboard the Donald Cook and a P-3C Orion from Patrol Squadron 9.
Source: Navy Times

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
import os
import picocm
import unittest

from picocm_unittest import *

class FileTests(unittest.TestCase):
	def test_file_write_then_read_yaml(self):
		with TempFile() as dst:
			self.assertTrue(picocm.file_write_yaml(dst.name, {'hello': 'world'}))
			self.assertDictEqual({'hello': 'world'}, picocm.file_read_yaml(dst.name))

class SerializerTests(unittest.TestCase):
	def test_serialize_yaml(self):
		actual   = picocm.serialize_yaml({'hello': 'world', 'key': 'multi\nline\nvalue'})
		expected = 'hello: world\nkey: |-\n  multi\n  line\n  value\n'
		self.assertEqual(expected, actual)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Cardinal's combined score of 193.800, an improvement from Monday (193.250), placed them behind Boise State (195.300) and ahead of UC Davis (193.275) and Yale (188.900).
Although eight Stanford gymnasts combined for 13 top-10 finishes in the meet, inconsistencies throughout the evening put pressure on the Cardinal.
One freshman standout, Kaylee Cole, earned her first individual event victory with a meet-best 9.875 on vault. Cole competed in the all-around for the first time, placing seventh.
Senior Rachel Daum impressed again in the all-around, placing second with a score of 38.975.
Coming off a first-place finish on bars at the NorCal Classic, Stanford was not as consistent on the event this time around. A leadoff fall sparked a rally, with the next four gymnasts hitting strong routines.
Daum and senior Nicolette McNair each put up 9.800, followed by sophomore Dare Maxwell's 9.850 and freshman Aleeza Yu's 9.825. In the last performance on bars, however, Cole missed her first release, and the Cardinal finished the event in third place.
In its next event, Stanford fought hard on beam. Senior Danielle McNair and freshman Ashley Tai led the way with matching scores of 9.825, tied for third overall in the meet. Cole and sophomore Taryn Fitzgerald were right behind them, both posting 9.800. Beam was the Cardinal's best event of the night and the team showed improvement from Monday, scoring almost a full point higher than in the NorCal Classic.
Stanford's start on floor was a mirror of bars. A missed first routine put pressure on the following performances, but the team recovered well, helped by freshmen Tai (9.600) and Cole (9.700). Daum delivered a clutch 9.800 to keep the team in contention as they moved into the final rotation.
The Cardinal finished the meet with impressive vaulting, maintaining the impressive streak that they have had so far this season. Led by Cole's meet-best 9.875, the Cardinal also relied on McNair (9.775) and Tai (9.750) to end the meet on a high note.
With strong potential from both new freshmen and returning upperclassmen, Stanford has the ingredients of a top team. Although junior Elizabeth Price did not compete in UC Davis, she remains a top national gymnast, earning Pac-12 Specialist of the Week honors last Tuesday for her work at the NorCal Classic.
The team's major task this season will be developing consistency on all four events. If the Cardinal can putup the scores they are capable of on a regular basis, they can compete with top teams in the country. This meet at UC Davis showed that the team is getting better and continues to display resiliency in high-pressure performances.
The Cardinal will have a full week of practice to polish up their routines before traveling to take on Southern Utah next Friday at 6 p.m.


hinge line A straight or curved line which joins the points of maximum curvature along the hinge of a fold.
"hinge line." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. . Encyclopedia.com. 20 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.


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Home News Jake Gibb, Casey Pat...
Jake Gibb, Casey Patterson Win Beach Volleyball Grand Slam
By Associated Press | June 21, 2015, 11:21 p.m. (ET)
Casey Patterson, left, and Jake Gibb celebrate their win during the gold-medal match at the FIVB St. Petersburg Grand Slam at Spa Beach on June 20, 2015 in St. Petersburg, Fla.
ST. PETERBSURG, Fla. -- Americans Jake Gibb and Casey Patterson won the $800,000 St. Pete Grand Slam on Saturday, rallying for a 16-21, 23-21, 15-13 victory over Reinder Nummerdor and Christiaan Varenhorst of the Netherlands in the final of the international qualifying tournament for the 2016 Rio Games.
Gibb and Patterson won each of their seven matches on the way to their first FIVB World Tour title in more than two years. It was the 29th career victory worldwide for Gibb, and No. 15 for Patterson.
Nick Lucena and Theo Brunner of the U.S. beat Austrians Clemens Doppler and Alexander Horst 21-19, 21-16 for the bronze medal.
The tournament was the first Olympic qualifier in the U.S. for the Rio Games.
Athletes Of All Backgrounds Compete Together At Sitting Volleyball Championships
April Ross, Kerri Walsh Jennings Extend AVP Tour Win Streak To 8
Kick Off Your Socks With These 11 Sports On No Socks Day
Which Splurge Foods Could Make These 27 Team USA Athletes Break Their Diets?
April Ross: Til Next Time, Rio!
Jake Gibb
Casey Patterson


In Spotify's first earning report as a public company, the company is boasting 75 million paid subscribers. Previously, we know that the company had 170 million monthly users, but didn't know additional details. The company made its New York Stock Exchange debut last month through a non-traditional listing.
While the company has said that it could each 96 million paid subscribers by the year's end, it's still bleeding money because it's spending more than it's bringing in. For Q1 2018, Spotify's operating losses were down from Q4 2017 (€41 million down from €87 million). The company is hard at work to close the gap, but frankly, the more it tries to close it, the harder it will be.
On the investor call after the earnings report, Spotify said that it isn't really concerned with Apple Music's projected growth. Apple Music recently hit the 40 million mark and is slated to catch up to Spotify by the year's end. While not worried, the company also added that it sees room for multiple services in a growing market and doesn't expect to see Apple cut into its subscriber base.


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go to GameLink
If GameLink was a newer brand, I might assume from the name they were selling video games or maybe the face-to-face kind you play on a board with your family. Of course, they've been around since 1997, which is more than enough time to establish themselves as a world-class emporium of smut. Only a handful of porn sites from the era still exist, so you can guess a lot about their quality just from their longevity.I'd argue their mature age is hinted at in their business model. These days, most premium sites offer memberships only, but GameLink.com lets porn consumers choose how they'd like to buy their dirty movies. They've got an Unlimited subscription service, or you can buy individual movies/clips. There's a bit of a generational divide here, so I already know the membership plan will appeal a lot more to the younger perverts out there, but let's dig in and see what they've really got to offer.An Old-Time Porn Shop, Updated for TodayIt's hard not to assume the a-la-carte movie sales are a relic from the past, preferred by old-schoolers who didn't mind-blowing their whole paychecks on stacks of DVDs in the old days. While GameLink's got a modern layout with fresh graphics and all the trappings of a 2021 website, it still retains a little bit of that classic porn-store flavor. The front pages are loaded up with movie covers, instead of the usual screengrabs and thumbnails you find on most paysites.Their origins as a hard-copy porn shop are also apparent in their toy section. They've got a massive selection of adult playthings like dildos, handcuffs, lubes and cock rings. It's a well-organized collection, broken down into categories like Anal Toys, BDSM Fetish, For Couples and Sensual Products. You can also peruse by manufacturer, with dozens of fap-sleeve, sex doll and condom producers listed in their full index.I'm all stocked up on silicone vaginas right now, though, and I've got one all lubed up to review all this smut on the menu. Even before I start digging, I already see dirty movies from a ton of big-time producers, starring a ton of big-name pornstars. A lot of brands with paysites I've reviewed here at ThePornDude are represented, with recent flicks from outfits like FakeHub, Age and Beauty, Tushy Raw, Jules Jordan and Vixen.One of the things I always love about sites like GameLink.com, offering erotic cinema from so many different companies, is that you always end up with a truly wide variety of kinks, fetishes and sexual interests. Threesomes, lesbians, big-titted MILFs and naughty teens are plastered all over the front page, and their full Categories page takes a deep dive into hundreds of microgenres of porn.Breaking Down the Pricing StructuresIf most of the Internet succumbed to the coronavirus tomorrow, leaving just a handful of sites standing, you could theoretically do all your adult-needs shopping at GameLink. They've got damn near any kind of porn you'd want, barring some of the more extreme niche fetishes, plus all the toys you'd need if you didn't want to touch that disgusting thing with your own bare hands.The big question is whether you should do all your porn shopping here, even though the rest of the Internet does still exist. We'll get to the Unlimited subscription in a second, but first, let's look at their other options.Clips, or individual porn scenes, usually cost between $1 and $3 with a VOD Own option only. With full multi-scene movies, you can do a 2-day VOD rental for a few bucks, VOD streaming for life for a few more, or VOD own for around twice that. For example, right now, a new Babes movie called Sharing With Stepmom 8 will cost you $4.19 to watch for a couple of days, $6.99 to watch on GameLink.com forever, or you can download it to your hard drive for $15.39. In this case, there's also a DVD available for $25.99, which grandpa should be happy about.Alternately, you can pay by the minute to watch whatever clips and movies you want. They get cheaper as you buy more, but the easiest benchmark for comparing GameLink to other sites is their 240-minute package. At around $30, it's what you'd pay for most subscription paysites. The minutes don't expire, so depending on how much porn you watch per month, it may be a better deal than a regular membership site.How About the GameLink Unlimited Membership?Which brings us to the GameLink.com membership plan, GameLink Unlimited. The regular monthly price is twenty-five bucks, making it a little cheaper than most paysites. The price goes down for longer subscriptions, with a yearly rate that breaks down to $12.50 a month. Not fucking bad at all.It's definitely worth noting that most of the GameLink.com catalog is included with Unlimited. As of this writing, the site has 156,816 full-length movies, 101,886 of which are available to Unlimited subscribers. Of their 617,165 clips, members get access to 411,342. It doesn't take a fucking genius mathematician to see this is the best way to go for most masturbators.GameLink Unlimited members also get some special discounts on things like sex toys, DVDs, and PPM minute packages. That means if you want to dip into some of the content that ain't included with Unlimited, you at least get a little break on the price.While its use isn't limited to Unlimited subscribers, I'm sure the GameLink Roku app will help sell a lot of subscriptions. I've seen other paysites with Roku apps and I don't normally get too worked up about it, but in this case, it means you can watch porn from multiple big-name studios on your TV using the same app. That's more convenient, better porn, and a better deal than any shitty, overpriced softcore cable TV add-ons available through your local provider.Enjoying the Scenic View of SavannahI figured I'd start my official fap test with one of the newer, more popular clips in the Unlimited selection. Young Hottie Savannah Sixx Knows How To Keep Her Stepbrother's Mouth Shut is a 43-minute scene that's also available to download for $4.49, thanks to my member's discount. To keep shit convenient, GameLink has lined up some more of Savannah's work beneath the video player, as well as more scenes from the publisher, Team Skeet.The site ain't hurting for bandwidth, because the movie streams smoothly and cleanly at full 1080p HD. Savannah's drunk in the beginning, pleading with her bother behind the camera not to tell on her. I skipped ahead a few minutes to the POV blowjob, the video jumping without much buffering. Goddamn, she's got such pretty eyes and a mouth that makes me raging hard.The built-in video player is pretty basic, but I'm glad they've included playback speed controls alongside the resolution options. I watched the little slut get her hairy twat hammered in slo-mo, savoring every thrust as I played along at home.A lot of the content on GameLink is available on other sites; this particular video is also in the member's area over at TeamSkeet. What GameLink Unlimited does so well, is give you access to smut from a bunch of big names for one price. While they don't have all the exclusive content from every paysite out there, they roll enough of it together that you're getting an incredible bang for your buck. Imagine how much your pockets would hurt if you subscribed to all those sites.If the Unlimited subscription isn't your bag, I can also see the site being useful for supplementing your regular fap routine and paysite memberships. For example, if you're a loyal Brazzers subscriber but really need to see that Savannah Sixx movie, it can be yours for a few bucks. That's my standard advice for VOD sites, since buying all your porno by the movie is a really expensive way to keep up your masturbation habit.I'll be honest; I was ready to write GameLink.com off as a shop whose time has come and gone. They've adapted with the times, though, which is how they've been able to survive for over two decades now in an increasingly crowded market. Their Unlimited membership is easily their best value for my money, but they've got all kinds of stuff to keep all kinds of perverts happy. Check them out if you're looking for a cheap way to watch movies from multiple producers, or if you just need to re-up on butt plugs.
AEBN


The power of the cutting edge was pursued more eco with twice the usual power!
Strong power is safely controlled by the lion power on-demand drive system (LPDS).
The two motors are synchronized with the inverter, and when overloaded, the speed of the cutting edge is automatically lowered to torque up!
The reversal has decreased considerably from the past. There is no waiting time at the reversal and the operation is quick.
When the shredding time is lost, the current is detected and the shredding speed is dropped and it is in "Standby mode". Saves power at standby.
It is a shredding machine that combines power and eco.
What is LPDs (lion power on-demand drive system)?
The inverter controls the rotational speed and torque of the motor, which was not possible with conventional electric shredder, lowering the rotational rate and generating torque of up to 200% (for a short time). In addition, the start current can be suppressed because the torque is controlled as necessary when the motor is started.
Always automatic control to avoid overloading the shredder. In addition, the current and the number of revolutions are monitored, and when the setting value is over, the output is cut off immediately, and it is rotated after the reversal, and the shredding continues. High performance control to prevent machine breakage with triple overload protection control.
It is synthesized in the lion drive gearbox and it is more powerful torque up.
Powerful output to the shredding shaft! Traditional technology has evolved into a powerful fusion of the latest technology.
Various data from two inverters to the sequencer via CC.
The reliability of the overload protection performance was improved because it was able to process data at high speed without worrying about the wear of the contact.
Various timers can be easily set from the touch panel. You can customize the reversal time and cleaning time after overload.
You can read the history of abnormal and overload in the touch panel. The operator and the administrator can share the operation information of the shredder, helping to plan the maintenance of the shredding machine.


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Home » Experts » Hamilton Lankford
Hamilton Lankford
Professor of Economics & Educational Administration & Policy
Hamilton (Hamp) Lankford is Professor of Educational Administration, Policy Studies and Economics at SUNY, Albany. He is also a Research Fellow with the American Statistical Association. Dr. Lankford is a part of the CALDER New York team. He is also involved in a variety of activities that link research to education policy in New York. These include his role as an expert witness in the recently determined Campaign for Fiscal Equity lawsuit in which the NY Court of Appeals recently ruled New York's system of funding for K-12 education in New York City was unconstitutional. He also served as a consultant to the New York State Special Commission on Educational Structure, Policies, and Practices (1993-94) and as a member of the NYS Board of Regents Technical Study Groups concerned with Cost-Effectiveness in Education (1995) and the Generation of Revenues for Education (1994).
Dr. Lankford is a principal investigator on the Teacher Pathways Project, a multi-year study of teachers and teacher preparation programs to examine characteristics of teacher education and pathways into teaching and to identify attributes that impact student outcomes in New York City schools. In his work, Dr. Lankford considers policies that might alleviate the sorting processes that disadvantage urban schools. His work also considers the little-understood spatial geography of teacher labor markets and the importance of school proximity in teachers' decisions about where to seek employment and how changes in entry requirements alter the teacher workforce.
Dr. Lankford is author and co-author of numerous publications in education, particularly concerned with teacher labor market issues, teacher quality and student outcomes, the allocation of educational resources, the determinants of school choice, and the effects of enhanced school choice. These include publications in journals including the Public Finance Review, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Education Finance and Policy, Review of Economics and Statistics, Economics of Education, Advances in Applied Microeconomics and the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. They also include publications in numerous edited volumes including Performance-Based Approaches to School Reform: Holding Schools Accountable edited by Helen (Sunny) Ladd. He received his Ph.D. in Economics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Who Enters Teaching? Encouraging Evidence that the Status of Teaching is Improving
The relatively low status of teaching as a profession is often given as a factor contributing to the difficulty of recruiting teachers, the...
Measure for Measure: The Relationship between Measures of Instructional Practice in Middle School English Language Arts and Teachers' Value-Added Scores
Many studies have estimated the relationship between teachers' characteristics (i.e., experience and academic performance) and their value-added...
The Influence of School Administrators on Teacher Retention Decisions
When given the opportunity, many teachers choose to leave schools serving poor, low-performing, and minority students. While substantial research...
Who Leaves? Teacher Attrition and Student Achievement
Teacher attrition has attracted considerable attention as federal, state and local policies- intended to improve student outcomes, increasingly...
Teacher Preparation and Student Achievement
There are fierce debates over the best way to prepare teachers. Some argue that easing entry into teaching is necessary to attract strong...
Measuring Effect Sizes: The Effect of Measurement Error
Value-added models in education research allow researchers to explore how a wide variety of policies and measured school inputs affect the...
The Narrowing Gap in New York City Teacher Qualifications and Its Implications for Student Achievement in High Poverty Schools
This paper explores how the distribution of teacher qualifications and student achievement in New York City have changed from 2000 through 2005...
Teacher Careers
Teacher Salaries
Department of Economics, BA-110
University at Albany
hamp@albany.edu


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Learning to budget seems a bit overwhelming but it's actually really easy. Let's get started.
Building a budget is simply splitting your income into categories.
A simple way to look at these categories is wants and needs.
You need to just adjust your categories by what's really most important.
Once you change your categories, lock down the saving and debt payoff category.
This is a fairly typically good conservative template to get you started.
Now let's look at why you should budget.
Your Net Worth is your Assets minus your Liabilities. Yes... this can be a negative number and usually is in most cases.
My net worth was always negative up until about halfway through my career.
Don't confuse Net Worth with Self Worth... Seriously, don't let this get you down, this is just a place to get started.
Assets are those things that make you money or pay you.
Liabilities are those things that take money away from you or cost you money.
One of the best ways to think about it is your net worth is a bucket. Water going in is your assets, liabilities are holes in the bucket.
The most important thing to understand is the difference between rich people and poor people.
This is where most people get discouraged. But this is the big secret. All you have to do is begin to shrink your liabilities and begin to grow your assets.
Getting started is always the hardest part. Here's the best way to get started.
Start saving. Before you do anything else. Start to save 10-15% of your income. You can learn what to do with it later. It's important to start now.
Take a real look at your budget and see where your money is going. Start to think of ideas how to get your budget under control.
Begin the process of isolating your expenses and liabilities. Identify and start chipping away at your liabilities and expenses.
Learn, learn, learn... There are a ton of great resources out there. The most important thing is to start to learn.
Start to grow your assets. Remember, your assets pay you. Rich people make money from money. Even the money they do earn they put to work and it makes more money.
This is only the beginning but a great place to start. Subscribe to Commando Systems for more guides like this.
Good luck. You're on your way to being wealthy. One baby step at a time.


Remember this summer, when parents were excited about school starting so they could save money on groceries? Well, now that expense is being decreased even more for the youth of Pickens County.
As part of of a program which makes sure people ages 18 and under receive proper nutrition, meals are being served Monday through Friday in the hours just after school. In addition, meals are also offered on the weekends in Aliceville.


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Galerie HAAS & GSCHWANDTNER, Salzburg, Antoine, Öl auf Leinwand, 160 x 140 cm, 2019, Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg – INFINITE HORIZON
to the artwork ↓
Infinite Horizon: A multi-faceted connection of past, present and future
A text by Alexandra Steinacker
Artificial realities, abstracted nature, analog technology. Contradictory themes are present within one painting, creating a multi-faceted work that spans over time and space. Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg ignites this exploration of temporal and spatial themes through oil on canvas, including elements that relate to the composition as well as drapery in sixteenth to eighteenth-century painting, making specific reference to theories of frames, folds, and niches present in The Self-Aware Image by art historian Victor I. Stoichita. She also explores the aspect of nature, both of her home country of Austria as well as the nature scenes depicted in nineteenth-century landscape painting.
A further facet to her works is its relation to technology, playing with glitch-art aesthetics (the imagery resulting from digital malfunctions on screens, interrupting the composition), and visual qualities of the digital. In addition, she explores technology's relation to the boundaries between organism and machine, relating to how humans interact with technology and how it has become integrated into our lives, bodies and minds in various ways. These boundaries have been explored in A Cyborg Manifesto and Staying with the Trouble, two publications by Donna Haraway, professor and prominent scholar with a feminist, postmodernist approach to technology and society, that engage with theories which I argue are also present within Rhomberg's practice. The investigation and visual manifestation of these themes are prevalent in the young artist's paintings and span through her works from her time at the University of Applied Arts Vienna up until the works she creates today.
Starting in the sixteenth century, a so-called "crisis of imagery" emerged in which many structures within artistic discourse were destabilized such as the patronage system, as well as the emergence of new forms of painting such as still-life, genre, and landscape painting.(I) Sociopolitical, economic, and religious circumstances led to changes in the iconography and purpose of painting, and a "religious splintering and pictural rupture" ensued as a result of these changes.(II) Victor I. Stoichita argued that a fragmented field of vision was prevalent in Italian and Flemish painting at the time which contained a dialogue between contradictory forces such as religious narratives and mundane objects, or the sacred and the profane.(III) With this, Rhomberg also fragments the viewer's vision through her abstracted visual language, challenging the empty space of the canvas through her paint. She explores materials through a deep concentration on the mastery of the fold, depicting what could be the wrinkles of a heavy satin curtain, or even the shimmering folds of a reflective rescue blanket (also called 'space blankets') used when paramedics assist injured hikers in the mountains. The question prevails of what the curtain or blanket could be hiding, or what it could unveil. However, through the abstracted visual language and macro perspectives, the fold in Rhomberg's works eludes any figurative definition and it upholds its pure materiality rendered in paint.
Delving further than a reference to human's connection to nature through hiking and a rescue blanket, Rhomberg's artistic practice relates to the nature prevalent in nineteenth-century painting through to her personal experiences of today. Each fold entails the endless potential for a journey to develop in any direction, an exploration with endless possibilities and infinite horizons. They contain an ambivalence of what the future holds, again eluding definition and remaining boundless, contemplating the possibility of different paths in life, not unlike the vast landscapes of Casper David Friedrich. Friedrich was a German artist active in the Romantic period of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries best known for his oil on canvas painting titled 'Wanderer above the Sea of Fog' (1818), in which a man in an overcoat stands perched on a rocky cliff with a contrapposto stance and a walking stick, gazing away from the viewer and out into a vast open sea of fog and mountaintops. Rhomberg's paintings move into abstraction however they do not always evade figuration, as the connection to natural elements such as foliage or leaves, or even the silhouette of green hills and blue skies, appear in her works such as Veil (2020) orWorld away (2021). Where her pieces hold contradictions of abstract and figurative, or reference art historical contradictions of the sacred and profane, they also contain the contradiction of the artificial and the natural. The abstracted materiality of her works contradicts the shapes and colors found in nature, thus Rhomberg redefines them, pulling them into her liminal space of the endless possibilities, of the boundless fold.
The connection between man, nature, and technology remains in a permanent tilt through the instability, an unevenness, of our planet, a once stable base for humanity.(IV) Theorized by Anselm Franke and Diedrich Diederichsen, a conceptual and behavioral shift emerged through humanitarian and technological advancements – with an example of one of the first satellite images of Earth becoming a visual representation of universalist claims and acting as a conceptual frame of the "Family of Man", of humanity.(V) The way in which humans interact with the other components of the tilt becomes the catalyst for new relationships to emerge, an ever-changing symbiosis between man and nature or man and technology. Relating to Donna Haraway's theories in A Cyborg Manifesto, the distinction, or better said the lack of distinction, between organism and machine, and with that, the distinction between the natural and the artificial has been made ambiguous by recent technological progress.(VI) Rhomberg refers to this blurring of lines between human and machine and, consequently, the blurring between nature and machine. Her creative process involves multiple stages, moving from analog to digital, from nature to machine, morphing them into each other. She begins with images of analog objects and continues her process through digital sketching, to then return back to the analog process of a paintbrush on canvas. Translated through a visual language assimilating not only physical folds of fabric but also of glitch-art and the digital, Rhomberg brings in the questions of symbiosis or sympoiesis, defined by Haraway as the moment when living things assimilate and interpenetrate one another, work themselves into clusters to which we give names, such as cell, organism or ecological assemblage.(VII)As a quasi-sympoiesis of man, nature, and machine, each component respectively affects the other, and the artist investigates these connections while bringing them back into the analog through the physicality of her process of making.
As the contradictions and connections are presented within the artist's works, she explores these themes while referencing theories ranging from sixteenth-century art historical discourse to recent technological developments and their impact on socio-ecologic circumstances, such as the aforementioned emergence of satellite imagery contributing to a shift in the conceptual framework of humanity. The past elements relate to drapery and folds in early modern painting, however, they explore materiality through an artificial gaze of abstracted perspectives and a digitally influenced visual language. Rhomberg also explores the aspect of nature, encompassing art history as well as her physical surroundings of today, yet her intense abstraction of the natural elements creates new perspectives, veering away from nineteenth-century landscape painting to which she makes reference. The addition of the symbiosis of human, nature, and machine and their evolving relationships to one another result in a complex visual expression that Rhomberg renders in paint, playing with the boundaries of the analog and the digital. Artificial realities, abstracted nature, analog technology – all of these dichotomic connections are contained within her multi-faceted works which vehemently explore societal and anthropological topics spanning over space and time.
Alexandra Steinacker, London, October 2021
(I) Rose Marie San Juan, 'Review: Framing the Early Modern Field of Vision' in Oxford Art Journal, Vol. 21, No. 2, Oxford University Press (2000), pp. 171-177, p. 173
(II) Ibid. p. 173
(III) Ibid p. 173
(IV) Anselm Franke, The Whole Earth, California and the disappearance of the outside, Berlin: Steinberg Press (2013) [no pagination]
(V) Ana Teixeira Pinto, 'The Whole Earth: In Conversation with Diedrich Diederichsen and Anselm Franke' in E-Flux Journal, Issue #45 (May 2013) available online at https://www.e-flux.com/journal/45/60114/the-whole-earth-in-conversation-with-diedrich-diederichsen-and-anselm-franke/
(VI) Donna Haraway, 'A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century' in The Cybercultures Reader, ed. David Bell and Barbara M. Kennedy, pp. 291-324, London: Routledge (2000) p. 293 (VII)Devin Proctor, 'Book Review: Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene By Donna J. Haraway' in Anthropological Quarterly 90(3) 877-882 (January 2017) p. 879
07.10 - 7pm
PERPETUAL »
MIXED FEELINGS »
BEAUTY IN FAILURE »
BREAK »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Antoine »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Crystal Blue »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, RE »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Fuzzy Tropical »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Les Deux »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Outta »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Promises – Premises »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Realm »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Ridges »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, SAID THE CURTAIN TO THE VASE »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Sandy »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Tales of »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Transient estates »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Tropic II »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, Two ridges »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, o.T.(from the series Binoculars) »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, oT. (aus 'Binoculars') »
Kathrin Isabell Rhomberg, oT. (from the series 'Binoculars') »
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Q: correct number of instruction cycles and time? ASM PIC F18 Can someone please just check if my answer is correct? :)
The question is:
How long will it take for the following subroutine to execute if we use a 12 MHz crystal frequency on a F18 PIC?
movlw .20
movwf n

again:
decf n,f
bnz again
nop
nop
rlncf n,w
movwf PORTC
nop
return

My answer is:
22.66 ns which is about 23 ns.
We have 68 instruction cycles, right? And then one cycle will take .33333 ns??

A: 1 / 12000000 Hz * 4  = 0.33333 us and not 0.33333 ns.
So the right result is 22.6666 us or about 23 us.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Transport and infrastructure in Indonesia
Our listing of the primary types of transport compares the infrastructure of Indonesia with the average of all countries in Asia. The main traffic and transport routes are in good condition, but do not reach the level of the leading industrial nations.
In terms of the length of its rail network, Indonesia ranks 119th in the world with 0.03 meters per inhabitant. In total, the rail network is 8,159 kilometers long. Freight traffic on the rails most recently totaled 15.57 billion tons and kilometers traveled. Passenger traffic reached 29.07 billion passenger-kilometers in 2019.
The waterways listed refer to inland traffic on rivers and canals. The number of ports includes those located on the 54,716 km of coastline. In 2020, about 14.03 million freight containers were transported.
› Airports in Indonesia
Back to overview: Indonesia
The network of roads and highways has a total length of 496,607 km. For each of the country's 273.75 million inhabitants, this corresponds to 1.81 meters. This puts Indonesia in 180th place in the global ranking. However, the country's size and population density of around 143 inhabitants per km² must also be taken into account. Countries with fewer inhabitants in the same or even larger area naturally achieve quite different values here and have to connect remote areas to the transport network despite a smaller population.
With an average of 31926 traffic fatalities per year (2013 - 2019), road traffic in Indonesia is considered reasonably safe. This corresponds to 12.1 accident fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants per year. By comparison, this figure is 12.3 in the USA and 17.0 worldwide.
In Indonesia, left-hand traffic is the rule on the roads, i.e. you drive in the left lane and overtake on the right. Oncoming traffic comes to meet you on the right side. Here you can also find an overview of all countries with left-hand traffic.
per 1 mio
per km²
Roadways 496,600 km 1,814.07 km 259.52 m
Railroads 8,200 km 29.80 km 4.26 m
Waterways 21,579 km 78.83 km 11.28 m
Commercial harbors 10,427 38.09 0.005
Airports 101 0.37 0.053
Roadways 16,613,000 km 3,547.96 km 519.50 m
Railroads 280,000 km 59.81 km 8.76 m
Waterways 260,300 km 55.59 km 8.14 m
Commercial harbors 45,998 9.82 0.001
Airports 1,012 0.22 0.000
Data sources used
• Global Health Observatory Data Repository (World Health Organization)
• UNCTAD
• Internation Union of Railways (UIC)
• CIA Factbook
• OECD Statistics
• Wikipedia (german)
Largest airports and airlines in IndonesiaThe 30 biggest airports and 8 airlines in Indonesia with further information and data with further information on airlines and destinations
Climate and temperature development in IndonesiaA climate analysis for Indonesia incl. temperatures, humidity, rain days per month, hours of sunshine, water temperature, rainfalls
You are here: Home › Asia › Indonesia › Transport


Q: I have been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). When I take probiotic supplements, my bloating is much better for some weeks, then it seems the probiotics will abruptly stop working. Why would this happen?
A: Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder characterized by bloating, abdominal pain, cramping, constipation and diarrhea. It's fairly common, affecting as many as 20 percent of the adult population, and occurs more often in women than men. Probiotic supplements, which contain beneficial bacteria to offset harmful gut bacteria, offer relief for many people, and recent insights into gut physiology may explain your changing symptoms.
Researchers estimate that the gut contains 500 different species of bacteria with 30 to 40 species predominating; the total number of bacteria, 100 trillion, can weigh up to four pounds. The majority of these bacteria are beneficial and perform a host of important functions, including keeping bad organisms out of the gut, detoxifying the body, digesting food, providing certain nutrients, balancing immune function and protecting against cancer.
The internal ecosystem is complex because each bacterial species has its own preferred niche or microclimate. Unfortunately, current research is limited because many strains simply won't grow outside the gut in a lab setting. Bacterial DNA testing, however, is now able to detect bacteria accurately and internally. This new research implementing DNA testing has greatly expanded our understanding of the gut's bacterial ecosystem and its complexity. One interesting finding is the prevalence of different gut bacteria in people from different cultures. Using bacterial DNA testing, researchers found that a person's gut bacteria physiology falls into one of three distinct groups, categorized as Enterotype 1, 2, or 3. Just as our blood types fall into different groupings (A, B, O), so do our gut bacteria profiles.
This discovery brings up many questions: If we knew which Enterotype we had, could we select the most beneficial probiotic to support it? Should a person with Enterotype 1 eat differently than a person with Enterotype 2? Should she take different vitamins and minerals? Do antibiotics affect enterotypes? Does a person's enterotype change over time?
Although we do not currently know the answer to all these questions, THIS research suggests an answer to your question. You should stick to the probiotic brand that works best for you because it most likely contains a blend of bacteria that support your particular Enterotype. Compare the product that works well for you with other products to see if your product has more of a certain species. Commercially available probiotic blends include bifidobacter, lactobacillus, and streptococcal species. In Canada and Europe, you can get therapeutic E. coli. There is also a therapeutic yeast probiotic called saccromyces boulardi.Look for dairy-free products to avoid aggravating your gut, and be sure you're getting enough bacteria; many probiotic supplements do not contain the recommended therapeutic dose of 50 billion to 500 billion organisms per day.
Bacterial DNA testing can provide other valuable information about an individual's gut ecosystem. Stool DNA analysis offers more detail of the bacterial ecology and the presence of other organisms than traditional under-the-microscope methods. In our office, since we instituted the use of DNA testing of stools, we have found and treated a variety of worms and parasites that simply are not found with simple microscope lab methods. Getting rid of worms can improve gut symptoms in many people with chronic gut problems. It certainly could be true in your case that your symptoms vary from the waxing and waning of abnormal bacteria, parasites or worms.
Your commercial probiotic helps, but only to a point. Find an integrated physician who can offer DNA stool analysis; this may lead to an end of your frustrations and your varying gut feelings.


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Destiny Child Tier List
Destiny Child Tier List: If you're looking for a card-based strategic gacha game with some of the best characters, look no further than Destiny Child. Battles in Destiny Child are some of the best parts of the game and involve collecting cards. Destiny Child's character roster is in the hundreds, and each is beautifully rendered. You can't help but adore these cute and cuddly Live 2D animals. If you want the best loot, you'll have to pick your characters, construct your area carefully, and participate actively in both PVP and Raid Season conflicts.
Using the Destiny Child tier list characters to construct your team's deck would be best. When it comes to trials in Destiny Child, the World Boss fight is among the most difficult. The Tiers are the categories into which all of Destiny Child's characters fall. Listed below are the finest characters to utilize in Destiny Child's battles and boss fights, as well as a Destiny Child Tier List for those characters.
Destiny Child's Best Characters To Choose
The most influential players in this game are at the top of this list. You'll always come out on top with them in your squad, no matter what game mode you're playing. You can use them to breeze through the rest of the game's content and dominate in PvP. Intimidating, indeed, is a gathering of S-Tier Children.
The fact that there may be a game mode in which these characters could be more flawless is the only reason we have not placed them at the top of our list. Nonetheless, we urge you to keep these Children on the squad. They have the potential to inflict substantial damage and, when properly combined, can compete with the S-Tier Children.
Astraea
Syrinx
As you might expect from still being in the upper half of our Tiers, we have some pretty powerful characters here. While they lack the glitz and strength of S and A-tiers, they can still be valuable assets to your team. Keep an eye out for the more powerful Childs.
Mafdet
Jacheongbi
Pantleon
Krapmus
Khepri
Hildr
The discarded parts of our crop are collected here. They could be better, but they can still make do. These children are entertaining to interact with and can provide valuable resources for your group. Since they don't scale as well as other Childs, their utility decreases as the game progresses.
Eochaid
Epona
Tyrving
Eshu
Wodan
Skiing Eshu
Ailill
Giltine
Failnaught
Kubaba
Iphis
Myrina
There are times when these 5-Star characters fail to deliver. As soon as something better becomes available, it would help if you looked to replace them. However, in the meantime, you should strive to create the best combos to advance through the levels quickly.
Nirrti
Sidhe
Neamhain
Nusi
Doryeong
Luin
Verdelet
Astoreth
It's the five-star In Destiny Child; Mona is a formidable Tank. Succubi have only ever had one leader: Mona. The three main stats that set Mona apart are her high HP, excellent ATK, and respectable Def. Infernal Mona is a formidable tank. Mona's auto attacks deal a lot of damage, and she has a lot of health, so she can withstand more hits before she dies. For close-in targets, Mona's explosions can be devastating. In Destiny Child, Mona is a top-tier playable character.
Dreamer The antagonist, Saturn, is a female light element five-star. With a base power of almost 3000, Saturn is a no-brainer for your fights. Her Attack, Critical Damage, and Health are also very high. Saturn's success stems from her dark attack skill, which also boosts her auto attack damage. Saturn is one of the most prominent members of the pop star group Planet Party.
Forbidden In battle, Eve, a five-star water element attacker, can be used for her health and defence. Even though Eve doesn't have an exceptionally high ATK, she gains more power with each level up. When Eve uses her water attacks, their effects last for around 30 seconds and prevent further damage. Eve may inflict area-of-effect and ranged damage. With her superior water elemental powers, Eve is a top attacker in competitive play.
For both PvE and PvP, Maat Maat is a five-star Healer who excels. Maat has a lot of potential and health, to begin with. Although Maat isn't the most vital defensive unit, her high health pool makes her a valuable complement to any team. Even Maat, with all her miraculous healing abilities, can revive a lost kid and bring them back to safety. When constructing a team in Destiny Child, you can use Maat with any composition, but she should always be included if the other characters are strong in Defense, Damage, and Attack.
An Assault by Nicole As the exorcist Saint Nicole, Nicole is a reincarnation. When it comes to Player vs. Player fights, Nicole is your best bet. Nicole is exceptional in every respect; her HP, Def, and attack power are all top-notch. Each new version of Destiny Child makes Nicole more powerful.
Devoted to the evil side, Rita is a Debuffer. Rita's debuff abilities cause her opponents' stat reductions to occur over time. Rita has infinite health and attack. Rita is a top pick in player-versus-player (PvP) situations.
Thisbe is a devastating unit that acts as a debuffer. It is a five-star water elemental, is reliable for player versus environment (PvE) fights. It has decent ATK and DEF, but her large HP is her lone redeeming quality. Because of her debuff abilities, it can deal absurdly significant explosion damage. You can't bench Thisbe for your team.
Pomona, the Pure Bride, is a highly effective healer. The white healer has among the highest Health Point totals, and her Attack total is right there. You can use the five-star Pure White Pomona in whichever team composition you like.
To support the damage-dealing abilities of the DPS, Bathory Bathory is an excellent choice. For this reason, Bathory's vital debuff stats will render her enemies' abilities and protections useless. Bathory can play in either PvE or PvP, so he's a versatile fighter. Bathory, the five-star unit, will push your game to the next level with her Leadership and Dot powers.
Makoto, a girl who serves as a lieutenant, is a gifted healer. It is a top-tier unit in PvP due to her impressively strong power numbers. The girl from the water element thrives thanks to her effective water assaults and high health. It can reach the top Tier with a few more upgrades.
Zooming The girl named Mars, after the god of war, is an excellent tank. Regarding player versus environment conflict, Mars is a humming transformer. Martian long-range and area-of-effect damage is highly potent. Mars, as a Tank, is among the best in the game and can be deployed in any formation.
It concludes our discussion of the Destiny Child Tier List and Characters. The following ten Destiny Child characters are recommended if you're having trouble deciding which ones to utilize in battle. Destiny Child is an original card-collecting war game you can play on Android and iOS devices. Battles in this game are some of the most exciting you'll find in a video game, and you'll need a solid plan to come out on top.
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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › District Courts › Texas › Southern District of Texas › 2013 › Penson v. Rhea et al › Filing 26
Penson v. Rhea et al, No. 4:2012cv01093 - Document 26 (S.D. Tex. 2013)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM AND OPINION entered GRANTING 24 MOTION to Dismiss Plaintiff's Employment Discrimination Complaint. Final judgment to be entered by separate order. (Signed by Judge Lee H Rosenthal) Parties notified.(leddins, )
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS HOUSTON DIVISION RODERICK PENSON, Plaintiff, VS. INTERMODIAL RESEARCH INC., dba IRI TRUCKING, Defendant. § § § § § § § § § § CIVIL ACTION NO. H-12-1093 MEMORANDUM AND OPINION Roderick Penson, an African-American truck driver, sued Intermodial Research Inc., dba IRI Trucking (IRI) for racial and national origin discrimination under Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. Penson alleged that IRI discriminated against African-American truck drivers and favored Hispanic and Caucasian truck drivers and that when he complained about witnessing such discrimination, he was fired. (Docket Entry No. 1, at 2). IRI has moved to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, asserting that IRI does not employ 15 or more employees and therefore is not covered by Title VII and that Penson was an independent contractor rather than an employee. (Docket Entry No. 24, at 3 6). IRI attached to the motion to dismiss copies of two Lease and Transportation Agreements between Penson and IRI, (Docket Entry No. 24, Exs. A & B), and an affidavit from Ron Helminski, Safety Director of IRI, (Docket Entry No. 24, Helminski Aff.). The affidavit supports IRI s argument that it did not employ 15 or more employees for each working day in each of 20 or more calendar weeks and that Penson was an independent contractor. (Docket Entry No. 24, Helminski Aff., ¶¶ 2 4). On June 24, 2013, this court entered an order converting the motion to dismiss to a motion for summary judgment and ordering Penson to respond by July 15, 2013. (Docket Entry No. 25). Penson did not respond. Determining whether a defendant is an employer under Title VII involves a two-step process. Deal v. State Farm Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co. of Tex., 5 F.3d 117, 118 n.2 (5th Cir. 1993). First, the court must determine whether the defendant falls within Title VII s statutory definition of an employer. Id. Title VII defines an employer as a person engaged in an industry affecting commerce who has fifteen or more employees . . . and any agent of such a person. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b). If the defendant meets this definition, the court must then analyze whether an employment relationship exists between the plaintiff and the defendant. Deal, 5 F.3d at 118 n.2. To determine whether an employment relationship exists within the meaning of Title VII, we apply a hybrid economic realities/common law control test. Id. at 118 19 (quoting Fields v. Hallsville Indep. Sch. Dist., 906 F.2d 1017, 1019 (5th Cir. 1990)). The most important component of this test is [t]he right to control [the] employee s conduct. Id. at 119. When examining the control component, we have focused on whether the alleged employer has the right to hire, fire, supervise, and set the work schedule of the employee. Id. [T]he threshold number of employees for application of Title VII is an element of a plaintiff s claim for relief, not a jurisdictional issue. Arbaugh v. Y&H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 516 (2006). The defendant has attached an affidavit as evidence of the number of its employees. (Docket Entry No. 24, Helminski Aff.). The defendant has also submitted copies of contracts and the affidavit as evidence of the relationship between Penson and IRI. The issue of the defendant s relationship to Penson under the hybrid economic realities/common law control test is necessarily a 2 fact-specific inquiry that requires considering state law and the evidence relevant to the employment relationship. See Muhammad v. Dall. Cnty. Cmty. Supervision & Corr. Dep t, 479 F.3d 377, 382 (5th Cir. 2007) ( The hybrid economic realities/common law control test is necessarily a fact-specific inquiry and is therefore typically applied in a summary judgment context, in which a court is permitted to go beyond the pleadings and examine the state law and the evidence relevant to the employment relationship. (footnote omitted)). The summary judgment record, which Penson has not disputed or augmented, shows that the defendant did not employ at least 15 employees for the years 2010 through 2012, the years covered by the complaint. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b). The record also shows that the defendant did not exercise control over how Penson performed his work, did not provide Penson with vehicles to perform his delivery job, did not provide necessary equipment, did not control Penson s ability to hire and compensate assistants, and did not control Penson s discretion to decline any shipment. (Docket Entry No. 24, Helminski Aff.). Based on this record, the court concludes that the defendant is not an employer for Title VII purposes, Penson was not an employee, and that Penson s suit fails as a matter of law. The defendant is entitled to summary judgment dismissing Penson s claims. The motion for summary judgment is granted. Final judgment is entered by separate order. SIGNED on July 29, 2013, at Houston, Texas. ______________________________________ Lee H. Rosenthal United States District Judge 3