Below you will find links to download the binary packages and source files. Please see the FAQ section on Open Source for more information.
EXPORT CONTROL. As required by U.S. law, you (Licensee) represents and warrants that it: (a) understands that the Software is subject to export controls under the U.S. Commerce Department's Export Administration Regulations ("EAR"); (b) is not located in a prohibited destination country under the EAR or U.S. sanctions regulations (currently Cuba, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Sudan and Syria); (c) will not export, re-export, or transfer the Software to any prohibited destination, entity, or individual without the necessary export license(s) or authorizations(s) from the U.S. Government; (d) will not use or transfer the Software for use in any sensitive nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, or missile technology end-uses unless authorized by the U.S. Government by regulation or specific license; (e) understands and agrees that if it is in the United States and exports or transfers the Software to eligible end users, it will, as required by EAR Section 740.17(e), submit semi-annual reports to the Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry & Security (BIS), which include the name and address (including country) of each transferee; and (f) understands that countries other than the United States may restrict the import, use, or export of encryption products and that it shall be solely responsible for compliance with any such import, use, or export restrictions.
After you have installed packages for your system as below, see our install guide for what's next.
NOTE: Use the 389-ds-base package from your base distribution. 389-ds-base is part of RHEL and CentOS now. The copr repositories are discontinued.
For the admin server and console parts, you must first install EPEL from https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL.
Then you can install 389-ds-base and get all of the core directory server, admin server, and console components as per the directions below.
Do a system upgrade as advised by your vendor. That's it!
This is an Active Directory "plug-in" that intercepts password changes made to AD Domain Controllers and sends the clear text password over an encrypted connection (SSL/TLS) to 389 DS to keep the passwords in sync. It works in conjunction with the Windows Sync feature of 389. You must install this on every Writable Domain Controller. RODCs do not function the same way, so you should not install this plugin on them.
Tested with Windows 2008 and 2012 Server 32-bit and 64-bit.
[*] 389-PassSync-1.1.5 has no support TLSv1.1 and newer.
[**] 389-PassSync-1.1.7 disables SSLv3 by default.
NOTE: You must use 64-bit Java 7 with the 64-bit version.
Tested with Java 7 on Windows 2008/2012 Server.
NOTE: You must have Java in your PATH in order for this to work. Or you can just edit the batch file to tell it where to find Java.
Check out our Build page to find out how to build from source. The source packages are available here.
We maintain a the project logos and some other nice images.


Take a look at these guys way back in December, 1968 when they were on LZ Odessa. From left to right in both photos: Jim Menicucci, Emory Tull (not shown in reunion photo), Jim "Tree" Machin, Luke Morgan, and Gaylord Russell. The friendships formed those many years ago endure - the bonds of combat brotherhood are strong.


A high resistance is more essential than a fast tempo with regards to burning fat on ellipticals. Store and buy cardio machines on-line from standard shopping websites. Just strive to not support too much of your higher body on the handles; you might feel like you're nonetheless doing work, but your workout will likely be much less intense and you will burn fewer energy.
Machines that have interaction more muscular tissues in the physique will burn more energy than those who don't. Runners typically turn to cardio machines to scale back the impression on joints we get from operating. It's economical as well as convenient if in case you have a rowing machine in your home somewhat than going to the gymnasium. These applications differ from producer to producer—among the names run from "heart fee hill," "fats burn," and "velocity interval jogger"—so it's laborious to say which of them chances are you'll encounter.
In this train, you might be utilizing all the principle muscle tissues of your physique and placing a small pressure on your joints. If you're attempting to get probably the most out of an elliptical machine for your glutes, you need to flip up the resistance degree. Whilst you won't be hitting the slopes any time soon, you need to use the Concept2 SkiErg for a grueling cardio and higher-physique exercise.


text:
The Moscow–Saint Petersburg motorway (), designated as the М11 Neva, is a Russian federal highway in the European part of Russia, running parallel to the M10 highway, serving from the federal cities of Moscow to St. Petersburg. The M11 goes through Moscow, Tver, Novgorod, and Leningrad Oblasts, running pass the cities of Khimki, Zelenograd, Solnechnogorsk, Klin, Tver, Vyshny Volochyok, Valday, Veliky Novgorod, Chudovo, and Tosno.

The M11 is a category 1A highway, defined as a motorway, which has two to five lanes on each side and a calculated speed limit of around 150 km/h. The M11 is one of the most recent federal highways. Construction began in 2010. It was planned that the highway would be opened in 2018, before the start of Russia FIFA World Cup. The M11 was completed and opened in November 2019. With the M1, St. Petersburg is the second city in Russia after Ufa that has a connection to Moscow with two federal highways. The M11's total length is . The cost of the project is ₽152.8 billion, of which ₽15.96 billion are invested by the contractor. As of May 2021 all sections of the highway (except Tver northern bypass) were open to traffic.

The plans for and construction of the motorway has been met with strong protest from environmentalist groups and nearby residents, mainly due to the fact that the motorway would go through Khimki forest.

Route Description
The M11 is parallel to the M10 highway. It starts in Moscow, running via Moscow Oblast (), Tver Oblast (), Novgorod Oblast (), Leningrad Oblast () to its destination in Saint Petersburg.

Characteristics

The project provides the following main characteristics of the highway under construction:
 Total length:
 Technical Category: Motorway (IA)
 Number of lanes: 4–10
 Lane width:
 Width of dividing strip:
 Curb width:
 Estimated speed limit:
 Number of interchanges = 32
 Number of overpasses = 167
 Number of bridges = 85
 Shoulder width =
 The minimum radius of the curve:
 The minimum radius of the curve in the longitudinal profile:
 Concave:
 Convex:
 Maximum longitudinal slope: 30 ‰
 Natural and climatic conditions: The route of the projected road passes through four regions of Russia, the climate of which varies from moderately continental (Moscow Oblast, Tver Oblast) to transitional from continental to maritime (Novgorod Oblast, Leningrad Oblast), which affects the requirements for the design of the route.
The project received the necessary permits and approvals, including a positive response from the state environment review at the stage of investment basis and the FAU "Glavgos Expertiza of Russia" at the stage of approval of the engineering project. Public hearings were held in May 2005.

A centralized automated traffic management system installed at the head section of the Moscow–St. Petersburg motorway. Modern communication is provided using the latest advances in information technology, evacuation services, emergency communication points. Separation barriers and lighting installed for the entire main sections of the motorway.

In order to reduce noise pollution, the project also implements the construction of noise barriers along the route.

Tolls
The concessionaires of the Moscow–Solnechnogorsk section from  originally planned that the average weighted toll fare for the main section of the road would be , excluding VAT at 2007 prices. The tariff varies depending on the vehicle category, time of day, frequency of use of the route, etc.

The average fare on the tollway approximately . Passage through the site at the entrance to St. Petersburg of  length will cost . On the other toll sections of the route (the central part of the road passing through Veliky Novgorod, Tver Oblast and parts of the Moscow Oblast) the journey will cost about  for the driver of the car. The entire travel would cost around ₽600. In June 2013, Sergey Kelbakh, chairman of the State Company "Russian Highways" ("Avtodor"), stated that the price of travel on the road can be about ₽1100–₽1200 in the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum.

On January 25, 2016, Russian President Vladimir Putin criticized the fare that was set on Moscow–Solnechnogorsk section stating that nobody would use the motorway when the tolls are inflated to high prices.

History
The development of a replacement for the existing Moscow–Saint Petersburg M10 highway was conducted over a long period of time, with the original concept being included in the general plan of Moscow Federal City and the Moscow Oblast in the early 1970s.

The load of the federal highway M10 now exceeds at least three times the maximum. With a standard throughput of 40,000 cars per day to date, the traffic intensity reaches 130,000–170,000 cars. As a result of exceeding the maximum permissible load, the average speed along the M10 highway at the entrance to Moscow is , falling at a peak time of up to . The accident rate on the M10 track exceeds almost three times the national average. The level of air pollution in the territory around the highway exceeds 3 to 5 times the norm.

Planning
The decision to build the highway was taken by the Ministry of Transport, and the initiative came from Russian President Vladimir Putin. In January 2006, citizens were given an investment study of the construction of the Moscow–Solnechnogorsk section from .

In February 2008, a concessionaire was chosen from a list of private companies for the construction of the first section. Of the three companies that participated, the Ministry of Transport of Russia chose the North-West Concession Company (NWCC), a coalition that is composed of companies such as Vinci. At that time, the estimated cost of building the entire route was approximately ₽350 billion.

On 27 July 2009, the "NWCC" and other leaders signed a concession contract for the Moscow–Solnechnogorsk section of the motorway with the Federal Road Agency, in the presence of the Minister of Transport, Igor Levitin.

On 26 April 2010, Vnesheconombank and Sberbank signed an agreement to grant the "NWCC" a ₽29.2 billion credit with the order to build the first section of the motorway. On 26 August 2010, President Dmitry Medvedev suspended the construction due to the protests by environment activists against the motorway route through Khimki Forest. According to his decision, additional public and expert discussions are to be carried out.

Construction
In December 2010, the Russian government decided to start the construction through Khimki Forest. Speaking in Saint Petersburg, Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov stated that new saplings would be planted on a territory of  to compensate for the deforesting of about  of the Khimki Forest. On 29 September 2011, the construction of the Moscow–Solnechnogorsk section from  began.

In January 2012, the Businovskaya Interchange with the Moscow Ring Road was renovated to create a starting point for the M11 motorway. The interchange was put into operation despite not being completed on 23 December 2014, together with the M11's starting point. It was until June 2015 that the reconstruction of the junction would be completed. Today, the Businovskaya Interchange is the only five-level junction in Russia, with the maximum height of the highest level being  above ground level. In the spring of 2012, preparations were being made the construction of the 58 to 97 km section.

In June 2012, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree ordering the end of the concession agreement for the 646–684 km portion of the motorway in Leningrad Oblast near St. Petersburg. The contract will be expired for a period of 30 years. The competition for the concession agreement would occur from 2012 to 2013 in the autumn season while the planned construction period is 2014–2016. On 18 November 2014, Two Capitals Highway LLC was declared the winner of the competition and the company signed the concession agreement on the financing, construction and operation of the road at the 543–646 km and the 646–684 km sections with state highway company Avtodor.

In November 2014, the Vyshny Volochyok bypass section (258–334 km) became the first section of the motorway to be completed. The section's toll in the daytime is ₽240 and its commencement will start at September 21, 2015. On 23 December 2014, the Moscow–Solnechnogorsk section (15 km to 58 km) was completed and opened. The section was tolled on 23 November 2015. The toll from Moscow to Sheremetyevo was from ₽80 to ₽250, and from Sheremetyevo to Solnechnogorsk will cost from ₽160 to ₽500 rubles, depending on the time of the traffic. On 17 June 2015, construction of the M11 started in the Leningrad and Novgorod Oblasts. As of December 2015, all designed sections of the road are under construction or under preparation for construction, except for the 58 km to 149 km section, where no contractor was found.

In December 2017, Avtodor completed and opened traffic on the 208 km to 258 km section of the motorway, which would bypass the city of Torzhok in Tver Oblast. This section would connect to the Vyshny Volochyok bypass section. In June 2018, the Vyshny Volochyok–Myasnoy Bor (334 km to 543 km) section was completed and opened. Starting at Vyshny Volochyok, the M11 would go through Novgorod Oblast and pass by cities such as Bologoye, Okulovka, and Borovichi and finally end at the town of Myasnoy Bor, which is less than 35 km away from Veliky Novgorod. On 1 September 2018, the Solnechnogorsk–Klin (58 km to 97 km) section was completed and opened. 3 days later on 4 September, the Russian Ministry of Transport announced that the M11 would be completed and open for traffic in 2019. A connection between the eastern end of the M11 and Dmitrovskoye Highway in Moscow was completed and opened a day later on 5 September.

In July 2019, Avtodor completed and opened traffic on the Klin–Tver (97 km to 149 km) section of the motorway, which would reduce travel time from Tver to Moscow and vice versa, as well as relieve Klin and the surrounding areas of traffic. A few months later, Avtodor completed the Myasnoy Bor–Tosno section (543 km to 646 km), having the motorway interchange with the A-120 highway in Tosno.

In November 2019, the press service of Rostekhnadzor's Northwest Department announced that construction of the motorway on sections done by Two Capitals Highway LLC is completed with the completion of the Tosno–Saint Petersburg (646 km to 684 km) section. Despite this, at the same time, beginning of construction of the Tver bypass section (149 km–208 km) has been postponed to an indefinite date, so riders on the M11 motorway have to take the M10 highway in Tver as a detour.

Major intersections

Controversies

Procedural concerns
In the beginning of 2017, Riga-based Russian-language media network Meduza predicted that the M11 would be only half ready for the 2018 FIFA World Cup due to numerous delays. The outlet stated that only a quarter of the route from St. Petersburg to Myasnoy Bor (near Veliky Novgorod) would be completed. One reason why is that many of the Russian contractors were on the verge of bankruptcy and therefore abandoned construction. Another reason is that the state had struggled to pay its workers, leading to protests and strikes from different contractors.

In February 2017, problems started to arise with the Turkish company "IC Ictas Insaat – Astaldi" (ICA), the general contractor of the 543 km–684 km section of the motorway, which was accused of unauthorized occupation of forest plots. Work of the highway almost stopped, threatening to delay the completion of the motorway before the 2018 FIFA World Cup even further. The ICA participated in the construction of the Western Rapid Diameter of St. Petersburg and did not pay money to some contractors. Therefore, it became a problematic partner during construction resulting in arbitration proceedings occurring underway. Now the same thing has happened with the construction of the motorway, and the ICA owes its subcontractors more than ₽5 billion.
Part of the route passing through the Tver region, with a bridge over Shosha (97–149 km) due to the conflict with contractors will be ready no earlier than 2019–2020. The construction of the route bypassing Tver is going to start after 2020.

In August 2017, Minister of Transport Maksim Sokolov reported to the president that the route will not be ready for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Environmental concerns

Khimki Forest
In 2010, problems with the construction of the road through the Khimki Forest arose due to protests from public organizations (the largest of which was the Movement for the Protection of the Khimki Forest), who disagreed with deforestation under the future track. By the end of July, the protesters managed to achieve the termination of work, but later the commission of the Government of the Russian Federation, chaired by Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov, whose meeting was held in December 2010, decided to approve the original route through the Khimki forest.

"The initial version of the Moscow-St. Petersburg route through the Khimki forest is absolutely justified and legitimate," Ivanov said. Members of the commission called this decision weighted and compromise. This decision was supported by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev (in summer 2010 he recognized the need to suspend work for a second examination). Aide to the President of the Russian Federation, Arkady Dvorkovich, noted that "after the President made a decision to suspend the construction of the highway and to hold additional consultations, a huge amount of work was done, which made it possible to seriously improve the project."

As part of the preparation for the construction and operation of the main section of the road, a set of environmental measures totalling 4 billion rubles was developed. In November 2011, the cabinet announced the allocation of 12 billion rubles for compensation measures for the reproduction of forest sites cut down during the construction of the high-speed highway.

Zavidovo
Conflict situation has developed around the passage of the road at the borders of Zavidovo. In 2007, Presidential Decree No. 654 of the Zavidovo border was extended eastward to the Moscow-St. Petersburg railway, which resulted in the planned toll road in the national park. At the same time, it was noted that in fact, this presidential decree did not come into force, since the Russian government has not yet signed a relevant resolution.

A number of public organizations opposed the construction of the route through the territory of Zavidovo, several street actions were organized. As a result, it was announced that the site of the specially protected natural area, through which the motorway is to pass, will be cut, and instead of it, Zavidovo will receive the territories in another place.

References

External links
 Federal Highway Agency of Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation website

Roads in Russia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
<?php

namespace Respect\Validation\Rules\CountrySubdivision;

use Respect\Validation\Rules\AbstractSearcher;

/**
 * Validator for Madagascar country subdivision.
 *
 * ISO 3166-1 alpha-2: MG
 *
 * @link http://www.geonames.org/MG/administrative-division-madagascar.html
 */
class MgCountrySubdivision extends AbstractSearcher
{
    public $haystack = array(
        'A', // Toamasina province
        'D', // Antsiranana province
        'F', // Fianarantsoa province
        'M', // Mahajanga province
        'T', // Antananarivo province
        'U', // Toliara province
    );

    public $compareIdentical = true;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Let's continue with the all-important databases. What is this "database" part of WebDNA? Well, WebDNA handles its own built-in database system. These databases reside in RAM, and are extremely fast, much much faster than disk-based databases. The RAM-based WebDNA databases are loaded from simple tab-delimited text files on disk and written back to disk, so there is no risk to lose content if the server crashes.
Are you familiar with an Excel spreadsheet? There are colums, describing the spreadsheet content (fields), and rows (records), with the data. A WebDNA database is structured the same way, except that it is a text file. Even so, you can open and edit a WebDNA database with Excel. Or FileMaker. Or any database. Or any text editor. Or anything.
Unlike Excel, it is not necessary to specify what kind of content you write inside the database cells: no "string", "date", "number". It is just a text file, and you have full control over your content. No assumptions are made; you tell WebDNA when a date is a date, and a number is a number, so there are no disappearing leading zeroes, for instance (much of the US Northeast have postal codes beginning with 0).
The first line contains the field names. The following lines are the individual records, with data in the fields' corresponding columns.
which would mean: append to database database1.db a new row (record), with a unique ID number, where the name is "Scott" and the number is "545194" and the colour is "violet" and the age is "23".
which would mean "delete from database1.db any entry with an ID equal 4"
Though the databases will work without a unique ID field, it is a very good habit to include a unique field (could be called anything -- ID, sku, MemberID). Imagine how we could delete this specific record without the ID?
with this line, we would delete both lines 3 and 4.


For 420 to 530 chain, the Motion Pro chain breaker is second to none in quality construction and is super easy to use. This tool has been a staple of the Tryals Shop toolbox and comes highly recommended. We have used many chain breakers in our day. Simply put... this one actually works.


text:
Rasmoyo (born 18 June 1978 in Magelang) is an Indonesian footballer.

Honours

Club honors
Arema Malang
Copa Indonesia (1): 2006

Persisam Putra Samarinda
Premier Division (1): 2008–09

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Javanese people
People from Magelang
Association football defenders
Association football midfielders
Indonesian footballers
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
PSS Sleman players
Persidafon Dafonsoro players
Persiba Balikpapan players
Persikab Bandung players
Arema F.C. players
Persema Malang players
Persela Lamongan players
Sportspeople from Central Java


text:
Advanced Reading Book: Literary and Scientific
Od autorov: Advanced reading book
itself ; thou wilt see the splendour of heaven spring forth from the humblest depths of earth like a light shining in great darkness. —Sartor Resartus.
THE EARTHQUAKE AT LISBON.-(Davy.)
THERE never was a finer morning seen than the first of November; the sun shone out in its full lustre ; the whole face of the sky was perfectly serene and clear; and not the least signal or warning of that approaching event, which has made this once flourishing, opulent, and populous city, a scene of the utmost horror and desolation, except only such as served to alarm, but scarcely left a moment's time to fly from the general destruction.
It was on the morning of this fatal day, between the hours of nine and ten, that I was set down in my apartment, just finishing a letter, when the papers and table I was writing on, began to tremble with a gentle motion, which rather surprised me, as I could not perceive a breath of wind stirring. Whilst I was reflecting with myself what this could be owing to, but without having the least apprehension of the real cause, the whole house began to shake from the very foundation, which at first I imputed to the rattling of several coaches in the main street, which usually passed that way, at this time, from Belem to the palace; but on hearkening more attentively, I was soon undeceived, as I found it was owing to a strange frightful kind of noise under ground, resembling the hollow distant rumbling of thunder. All this passed in less than a minute, and I must confess I now began to be alarmed, as it naturally occurred to me that this noise might possibly be the forerunner of an earthquake, as one I remembered, which had happened about six or seven years ago, in the island of Madeira, commenced in the same manner, though it did little or no damage.
Upon this I threw down my pen, and started upon my feet, remaining a moment in suspense, whether I should stay in the apartment or run into the street, as the danger in both places seemed equal ; and still flattering myself that this tremor might produce no other effects than such inconsiderable ones as had been felt at Madeira ; but in a moment I was roused from my dream, being instantly stunned with a most horrid crash, as if every edifice in the city had tumbled down at once. The house in which I was shook with such violence, that the upper storeys immediately fell, and though my apartment (which was the first floor) did not then share the same fate, yet everything was thrown out of its place, in such a manner that it was with no small difficulty I kept my feet, and expected nothing less than to be soon crushed to death, as the walls continued rocking to and fro in the frightfullest manner, opening in several places ; large stones falling down on every side from the cracks, and the ends of most of the rafters starting out from the roof. To add to this terrifying scene, the sky in a moment became so gloomy that I could now distinguish no particular object; it was an Egyptian darkness indeed, such as might be felt; owing, no doubt, to the prodigious clouds of dust and lime raised from so violent a concussion, and, as some reported, to sulphureous exhalations, but this I cannot affirm ; however, it is certain I found myself almost choked for near ten minutes.
As soon as the gloom began to disperse, and the violence of the shock seemed pretty much abated, the first object I perceived in the room was a woman sitting on the floor with an infant in her arms, all covered with dust, pale and trembling. I asked her how she got hither, but her consternation was so great she could give me no account of her escape. I suppose that when the tremor first began, she ran out of her own house, and finding herself in such imminent danger from the falling stones, retired into the door of mine, which was almost contiguous to hers, for shelter, and when the shock increased, which filled the door with dust and rubbish, ran upstairs into my apartment, which was then open ; be it as it might, this was no time for curiosity. I remember the poor creature asked me, in the utmost agony, if I did not think the world was at an end ; at the same time she complained of being choked, and begged, for God's sake, I would procure her a little drink. Upon this I went to a closet where I kept a large jar of water (which you know is sometimes a pretty scarce commodity in Lisbon), but finding it broken in pieces, I told her she must not now think of quenching her thirst but saving her life, as the house was just falling on our heads, and if a second shock came, would certainly bury us both. I bade her take hold of my arm, and that I would endeavour to bring her into some place of security.
I shall always look upon it as a particular providence that I happened on this occasion to be undressed; for had I dressed myself as proposed when I got out of bed, in order to breakfast with a friend, I should, in all probability, have run into the street at the beginning of the shock, as the rest of the people in the house did, and, consequently, have had my brains dashed out, as every one of them had. However, the imminent danger I was in did not hinder me from considering that my present dress, only a gown and slippers, would render my getting over the ruins almost impracticable ; I had, therefore, still presence of mind enough left to put on a pair of shoes and a coat, the first that came in my way, which was everything I saved, and in this dress I hurried down stairs, the woman with me, holding by my arm, and made directly to that end of the street which opens to the Tagus. Finding the
this way entirely blocked up with the fallen houses to the height of their second storeys, I turned back to the other end which led into the main street (the common thoroughfare to the palace), having helped the woman over a vast heap of ruins, with no small hazard to my own life. Just as we were going into this street, as there was one part I could not well climb over without the assistance of my hands as well as feet, I desired her to let go her hold, which she did, remaining two or three feet behind me, at which instant there fell a vast stone from a tottering wall, and crushed both her and the child in pieces. So dismal a spectacle at any other time would have affected me in the highest degree ; but the dread I was in of sharing the same fate myself, and the many instances of the same kind which presented themselves all around, were too shocking to make me dwell a moment on this single object.
I had now a long narrow street to pass, with the houses on each side four or five storeys high, all very old, the greater part already thrown down, or continually falling, and threatening the passengers with inevitable death at every step, numbers of whom lay killed before me, or what I thought far more deplorables0 bruised and wounded that they could not stir to help themselves. For my own part, as destruction appeared to me unavoidable, I only wished I might be made an end of at once, and not have my limbs broken, in which case I could expect nothing else but to be left
upon the spot, lingering in misery, like these poor unhappy wretches, without receiving the least succour from any person.
As self-preservation, however, is the first law of nature, these sad thoughts did not so prevail as to make me totally despair. I proceeded on as fast as I conveniently could, though with the utmost caution ; and having at length got clear of this horrid passage, I found myself safe and unhurt in the large open space before St. Paul's Church, which had been thrown down a few minutes before, and buried a great part of the congregation, that was generally pretty numerous, this being reckoned one of the most populous parishes in Lisbon. Here I stood some time, considering what I should do, and not thinking myself safe in this situation, I came to the resolution of climbing over the ruins of the west end of the church, in order to get to the river's side, that I might be removed as far as possible from the tottering houses, in case of a second shock.
This, with some difficulty, I accomplished ; and here I found a prodigious concourse of people of both sexes, and of all ranks and conditions, among whom I observed some of the principal canons of the patriarchal church, in their purple robes and rochets, as these all go in the habit of bishops ; several priests who had run from the altars in their sacerdotal vestments in the niidst of their celebrating mass ; ladies half dressed, and some without shoes ; all these, whom their mutual dangers had here assembled as to a place of safety, were on their knees at prayers, with the terrors of death in their countenances, every one striking his breast and crying out incessantly Miserecordia meu Dios.
In the midst of these devotions the second great shock came on, little less violent than the first, and completed the ruin of those buildings which had been already much shattered. The consternation now became so universal, that the shrieks and cries of Miserecordia could be distinctly heard from the top of St. Catherine's Hill, at a considerable distance off, whither a vast number of people had likewise retreated ; at the same time we could hear the fall of the parish church there, whereby many persons were killed on the stop and others mortally wounded. You may judge of the force of this shock when I inform you it was so violent that I could scarce keep on my knees, but it was attended with some circumstances still more dreadful than the former. On a sudden I heard a general outcry, "the sea is coming in, we shall be all lost." Upon this, turning my eyes towards the river, which in that place is near four miles broad, I could perceive it heaving and swelling in a most unaccountable manner, as no wind was stirring. In an instant there appeared, at some small distance, a large body of water, rising as it were like a mountain. It came on foaming and roaring, and rushed towards the shore with such impetuosity, that we all immediately ran for our lives as fast as possible ; many were actually swept away, and the rest above their waist in water at a good distance from the banks. For my own part I had the narrowest escape, and should certainly have been lost, had I not grasped a large beam that lay on the ground, till the water returned to its channel, which it did almost at the same instant with equal rapidity. As there now appeared at least as much danger from the sea as the land, and I scarce knew whither to retire for shelter, I took a sudden resolution of returning back, with my clothes all dripping, to the area of St. Paul's. Here I stood some time, and observed the ships tumbling and tossing about as in a violent storm ; some had broken their cables, and were carried to the other side of the Tagus; others were whirled round with incredible swiftness ; several large boats were turned keel upwards ; and all this without any wind, which seemed the more astonishing. It was at the time of which I am now speaking, that the fine new quay, built entirely of rough marble, at an immense expense, was entirely swallowed up, with all the people on it who had fled thither for safety, and had reason to think themselves out of danger in such a place : at the same time, a great number of boats and small vessels anchored near it, all likewise full of people who had retired thither for the same purpose, were all swallowed up as in a whirlpool, and never more appeared.
This last dreadful incident I did not see with my own eyes, as it passed two or three stones' throws from the spot where I then was, but I had the account as here given from several masters of ships, who were anchored within two or three hundred yards of the quay, and saw the whole catastrophe. One of them, in particular, informed me that when the second shock came on, he could perceive the whole city waving backwards and forwards, like the sea when the wind first begins to rise ; that the agitation of the earth was so great even under the river, that it threw up his large anchor from the mooring, which swam, as he termed it, on the surface of the water ; that immediately upon this extraordinary concussion, the river rose at once near twenty feet and in a moment subsided ; at which instant he saw the quay, with the whole concourse of people upon it, sink down, and at the same time every

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
UW Transportation Data Collaborative
Prof. Jan Whittington
Dr. Jan Whittington is Associate Professor of the Department of Urban Design and Planning, at the University of Washington, Seattle. Her research applies transaction cost economic theory to networked infrastructures, such as transportation, water, and communications systems, to internalize factors historically treated as external to transactions. Her publications include methodologies for greenhouse gas mitigation and resilience through capital investment planning, examination of the efficiency of public-private contractual arrangements for infrastructure, and the evaluation of online transactions for efficiency, security, and privacy. At the University of Washington, she is the Director of the Urban Infrastructure Lab, Associate Director of the Center for Information Assurance and Cybersecurity, and Affiliate Faculty at the Tech Policy Lab.
Mark Hallenbeck
Mark Hallenbeck is the Director of the Washington State Transportation Center (TRAC) office located at the University of Washington. He has been with TRAC for 26 years, after working for four years as a consultant in Washington, D.C. Much of Mark's research at TRAC involves the collection, use, summarization, and reporting of data that describe urban roadway performance and then the use of those statistics in making major transportation and land use investment decisions. He is currently working with the Washington State Department of Transportation to develop performance reporting systems that can report on changes in travel behavior caused by actions implemented in the name of "Smart Growth," "VMT reduction," or "CO2 emission reduction."
Prof. Bill Howe
Bill Howe is Associate Professor in the Information School, Adjunct Associate Professor in Computer Science & Engineering, and Associate Director of the UW eScience Institute. His research interests are in data management, curation, analytics, and visualization in the sciences. Howe played a leadership role in the Data Science Environment program at UW through a $32.8 million grant awarded jointly to UW, NYU, and UC Berkeley. With support from the MacArthur Foundation and Microsoft, Howe leads UW's participation in the national MetroLab Network focused on smart cities and data-intensive urban science. He has received two Jim Gray Seed Grant awards from Microsoft Research for work on managing environmental data. He has a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Portland State University and a Bachelor's degree in Industrial & Systems Engineering from Georgia Tech.
Meg Young
Meg is a social scientist and researcher of downstream impacts of emerging technology, especially those adopted by governments. She is a PhD candidate in the Information School conducting research in the Urban Infrastructure Lab and Tech Policy Lab. Her work considers data access, privacy, proprietorship, and ethics in 'smart cities' data collection and sharing. She has an MS in Information and a BA in Cultural Anthropology at the University of Michigan.
Feiyang Sun
Feiyang is a PhD student in the Department of Urban Design and Planning in the College of Built Environments. He is an RA in the Urban Infrastructure Lab.
Boyang Sa
Boyang is a PhD student in the Department of Urban Design and Planning in the College of Built Environment. He is a member of the Urban Infrastructure Lab. Boyang is interested in looking at policies on transportation related urban issues, including public transit, autonomous vehicles, and congestion relieving. He has a Master of Regional Planning at Cornell University and a BA in Geography at the University of Washington.


Abstract: The affective aspect of music, often referred as music mood or emotion, has been recently recognized as an important factor in organizing and accessing music information. However, music mood is far from being well studied in information science. For example, there is no consensus on whether to use mood or emotion to refer the affective aspect of music. Also, the lack of consensus on music mood categories in the Music Information Retrieval (MIR) community makes it difficult to compare classification approaches developed in different laboratories. On the other hand, there is a rich literature in music psychology that has addressed many of the issues MIR researchers want to know. This research reviews theories in music psychology and summarizes fundamental insights that can help MIR researchers in interpreting music mood. In order to investigate whether classic theories are still applicable to today's reality of music listening environment, this study also derives a set of music mood categories from social tags, using a combination of linguistic resources and human expertise, and compares it to music mood categories in psychological theories. The results verify that there are common grounds between theoretical music mood models and the reality of music listening, but theoretical models do not cover all mood categories emerged from social tags and thus need to be modified to better fit the reality of music listening.


Foaming it up in the mid-atlantic.
Cresson, Gallitzin and Altoona. August of 2018.
The N Scale Weekend in Altoona is a great event and a good reason to head out to the east coast railfan Mecca. This weekend was also a good chance to play with my new Rebel T7i and try out its low light capabilities.
I was driving home from my friend Josh's place and needed to get some gas. There's one way I could've gone where I didn't drive by the tracks, and there's one way I could've gone where I did. You can guess which way I went.
My friend Ben recently organized a railfan trip back to his homeland: Pittsburgh. It was a great weekend and even though we were fighting the weather, we still had a great time and saw a bunch of fun stuff. The weekend started off with some night photos at the Southwest Penn's Scottdale facility.
The Bedford (now Altoona) N Scale Weekend is a great event. The show itself has always been interesting, but it also serves as a good excuse to get out to a fun part of the world and do some railfanning. I did that exact thing this with my friends Ben, Lee and Josh.
I've long enjoyed railfanning at night. Usually the pictures don't turn out that great, but it's fun to just hang out and see things you might not otherwise see. Occasionally you get lucky and something stops long enough for you to get a photo. I did just that in May of 2014 at the Martin State Airport MARC station.


Although ion fluxes are considered to be an integral part of signal transduction during responses to pathogens, only a few ion channels are known to participate in the plant response to infection. CNGC4 is a disease resistance-related cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Arabidopsis thaliana CNGC4 mutants hlm1 and dnd2 display an impaired hypersensitive response (HR), retarded growth, a constitutively active salicylic acid (SA)-mediated pathogenesis-related response and elevated resistance against bacterial pathogens. Barley CNGC4 shares 67% aa identity with AtCNGC4. The barley mutant nec1 comprising of a frame-shift mutation of CNGC4 displays a necrotic phenotype and constitutively over-expresses PR-1, yet it is not known what effect the nec1 mutation has on barley resistance against different types of pathogens.
nec1 mutant accumulated high amount of SA and hydrogen peroxide compared to parental cv. Parkland. Experiments investigating nec1 disease resistance demonstrated positive effect of nec1 mutation on non-host resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) at high inoculum density, whereas at normal Pst inoculum concentration nec1 resistance did not differ from wt. In contrast to augmented P. syringae resistance, penetration resistance against biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), the causal agent of powdery mildew, was not altered in nec1. The nec1 mutant significantly over-expressed race non-specific Bgh resistance-related genes BI-1 and MLO. Induction of BI-1 and MLO suggested putative involvement of nec1 in race non-specific Bgh resistance, therefore the effect of nec1on mlo-5-mediated Bgh resistance was assessed. The nec1/mlo-5 double mutant was as resistant to Bgh as Nec1/mlo-5 plants, suggesting that nec1 did not impair mlo-5 race non-specific Bgh resistance.
Together, the results suggest that nec1 mutation alters activation of systemic acquired resistance-related physiological markers and non-host resistance in barley, while not changing rapid localized response during compatible interaction with host pathogen. Increased resistance of nec1 against non-host pathogen Pst suggests that nec1 mutation may affect certain aspects of barley disease resistance, while it remains to be determined, if the effect on disease resistance is a direct response to changes in SA signaling.
To date, numerous lesion mimic mutants (LMM) have been characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and maize [1, 2]. Frequently, LMM display enhanced disease resistance, constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related responses and an altered hypersensitive response (HR). Molecular mechanisms triggering the onset of cell death underlying the lesions mimic phenotype might have common features with HR-associated cell death observed during pathogen infection . Although a direct link between HR and plant disease resistance is often questioned [3, 4], it is evident that LMM can clarify numerous aspects of plant-pathogen interactions at the molecular level.
Although several barley mutants with necrotic leaf spots have been reported , only very few LMM phenotypes of barley have been traced down to a particular gene. The best known examples of barley LMM are mlo [6, 7], and the recently characterized necS1 (HvCAX1) , which apart from displaying a necrotic phenotype also shows enhanced disease resistance against fungal pathogens. The barley mutant nec1 comprising of a mutated cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel 4 (CNGC4) exhibits the necrotic phenotype and over-expresses the pathogenesis-related gene PR-1 . A. thaliana CNGC4 mutants dnd2 and hlm1 which are orthologous to barley nec1 mutants display enhanced resistance to virulent bacterial pathogens [10, 11]. HvCNGC4 shares 67% aa identity with AtCNGC4 , suggesting that a similarly to dnd2 in A. thaliana nec1 mutation may affect barley disease resistance.
Bacterial diseases of barley have been described, although the mechanisms of resistance have not been studied in detail [12, 13]. Apparently, there is no race-specific resistance to bacterial pathogens: thus, only PAMP-triggered immunity is operational, even though cultivar-dependent differences in infection rates have been reported for bacterial kernel blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae . Significant over-production of salicylic acid (SA) upon P. syringae infection in barley suggests that barley resistance to non-host bacterial pathogens is achieved through a SA-mediated defense pathway .
Bacterial pathogens of Arabidopsis are commonly used as a model system for plant-pathogen interaction studies. However, fungal pathogens are the causal agents of economically more deleterious and widespread diseases in barley. Powdery mildew is caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). This is among the best studied barley diseases, and extensive details are available on both the race specific or race non-specific powdery mildew resistance mechanisms . Race non-specific resistance of barley to Bgh is a cell wall-based resistance forbidding fungal penetration into a host cell . Penetration resistance is triggered by the ROR2 protein, presumably directing secretion vesicle trafficking to the fungal penetration site . Race non-specific penetration resistance is fully attained only in the absence of the trans-membrane protein MLO which is a negative regulator of ROR2 . Functional MLO protein employs Ca2+ and CaM signaling to ensure fungal penetration into host cells. Mutations negatively affecting MLO binding with CaM render barley more resistant against Bgh [19, 20], while overexpression of another trans-membrane protein, BI-1, counteract mlo-triggered Bgh resistance in a Ca2+ and CaM signaling-dependent manner [21, 22]. Although the interdependence of Ca2+/CaM signaling and race non-specific Bgh resistance in barley is well established, so far no Ca2+ permeable ion-channel has been shown to participate in Bgh resistance or susceptibility.
Race specific resistance of barley against Bgh requires the presence of plant R-genes called Ml genes. In contrast to race non-specific Bgh resistance, race specific resistance usually permits fungal penetration into the host cell, but restricts further spread of the fungus by triggering plant cell death . Both types of powdery mildew resistance have been shown to incorporate reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling elements, such as increased accumulation of H2O2 and/or superoxide [23, 24]. H2O2 acts as a principal signaling molecule initiating cell death during incompatible race-specific barley-Bgh interaction . Early accumulation of H2O2 in mesophyll cells underlying attacked epidermal cells is proposed to be critical for the establishment of race specific resistance [25, 26]. In race non-specific interactions, H2O2 plays a distinct role from that observed for HR induction. In mlo-triggered resistance, H2O2 most likely ensures host cell wall fortification, thus preventing fungal penetration [23, 27].
In this study, disease resistance of barley LMM nec1 mutants displaying necrotic leaf spots was analyzed. Although NEC1 has been shown to encode cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel 4 (CNGC4) and to over-express the defense-related PR-1 gene , the effect of nec1 mutation on barley disease resistance has not yet been characterized. This study shows that nec1 mutation triggers the induction of H2O2 and SA, restricts Bgh microcolony formation and affects non-host resistance against Pseudomonas syringae applied at high inoculum density, whereas it has no effect on Bgh penetration efficiency or mlo-dependent race non-specific Bgh resistance.
The nec1 allele in cultivar Parkland was initially described as a natural mutation , which was confirmed by identification of a MITE insertion in an intron of the NEC1 gene that caused alternative splicing and a predicted non-functional protein . The nec1 mutant line GSHO 1284 and a parental variety Parkland were genotyped with DArT markers . Only 2.2% of 1131 DArT loci were polymorphic, suggesting that the mutant is essentially isogenic to Parkland (data not shown). All described experiments were performed with Parkland and its mutant nec1 accession GSHO 1284.
As it was found that nec1 significantly over-expressed pathogenesis related genes , it was investigated whether nec1 plants spontaneously display also other SAR-related signals such as altered accumulation of reactive oxygen species and over-accumulation of SA Spectrofluorimetric analysis of whole-leaf extracts of two week old nec1 plants with a fully developed lesion mimic phenotype and the parental line Parkland showed a three-fold higher overall level of H2O2 in the mutant (data not shown).
To ascertain whether the elevated overall amount of H2O2 in nec1 plants affected H2O2 accumulation during Bgh infection, overall H2O2 amount in nec1 and wt plants was assessed at 12 h and 36 h after inoculation with a virulent mixed population of Bgh. The analysis did not reveal considerable changes in the H2O2 content of wt plants during the first 36 h after inoculation, whereas nec1 mutants showed a slight, statistically non-significant increase in H2O2 levels at 36 h after inoculation (Figure 1).
Time course of whole leaf H 2 O 2 accumulation in nec1 and wt plants after Bgh infection. nec1 mutation triggers H2O2 over-accumulation in barley in the absence of pathogen infection, but it does not alter time course of H2O2 production in response to Bgh infection. Error bars represent the standard deviation of means (n = 5 per data point).
H2O2 accumulation and PR-1 expression is known to be associated with SA-dependent signaling. Therefore, the SA content of nec1 and wt plants was also measured. HPLC assay confirmed that levels of free SA and conjugated SA were four- and fifteen-fold higher, respectively, in nec1 than in wt plants (Figure 2).
Level of free and conjugated SA in nec1 and wt plants. nec1 mutant contains significantly higher level of conjugated, as well as free SA compared to parental cv. Parkland. SA content was analyzed using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography in leaf tissue extracts of 14 day old plants. Average values from three biological replicates are presented, each consisting of three technical replicates. Error bars represent standard deviation.
Barley resistance to the non-host bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae likely employs SA-mediated defense pathway . Therefore, the constitutive activation of SA signaling in nec1 might contribute to its non-host resistance. nec1 plants were inoculated with P. syringae pv. tomato (Pst) at two inoculum densities - 8 × 104 and 6 × 107 cfu ml-1 using vacuum infiltration technique. At day 3 after infiltration with 6 × 107 cfu ml-1 of Pst the amount of bacteria in nec1 was reduced, whereas Parkland had accumulated ca. 6-fold higher amount of Pst making the difference in bacterial growth between wt and nec1 statistically highly significant (p = 0.01, Student's t-test) at this stage of infection (Figure 3A). Inoculation with Pst at lower inoculum density (8 × 104 cfu ml-1) did not reveal any differences in resistance between nec1 and wt plants (Figure 3A).
Response of nec1 to non-host pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato applied at low and high inoculum densities. Panel A. Growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in nec1 and parental cv. Parkland was monitored immediately and 3 days after vacuum infiltration with Pst applied at inoculum densities of 8 × 104 or 6 × 107 cfu ml-1. For mock inoculation plants were infiltrated with 10 mM MgCl2. Infection was expressed as number of colony forming units (cfu) per gram of fresh leaves (FW). Due to the high between-experiment variation, results of one representative experiment out of four independent experiments are shown. Error bars represent standard deviation. At high inoculum density (6 × 107cfu ml-1) bacterial cfu number in nec1 at the day 3 was significantly (p < 0.01, Student's t-test) lower than in wt. Panel B. Progression of cell death in nec1 and Parkland after infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in the experiment shown in panel A. nec1 mutation showed increased electrolyte leakage in barley inoculated with non-host bacteria Pst at 6 × 107 cfu ml-1. Measurements of electrolyte leakage were taken every two hours during 24 hour period and at 48 hours after inoculation. Error bars represent standard deviation.
Ion leakage measurements were also performed to characterize the effect of Pst infection on nec1 and Parkland. Vacuum infiltration with Pst at lower inoculum density (8 × 104 cfu ml-1) did not elicit cell death in either nec1 or Parkland (Figure 3B). In contrast to inoculation with lower Pst density, inoculation with Pst at 6 × 107 cfu ml-1 elicited differential response in nec1 and wt. Tissue samples from nec1 plants inoculated with Pst at 6 × 107 cfu ml-1 displayed more pronounced ion leakage suggesting an increased cell death in nec1 after infection (Figure 3B).
Since nec1 plants exhibited constitutively active defense responses, the role of nec1 in basal resistance against Bgh was assessed. Due to their basal resistance, even susceptible barley cultivars are able to restrict infection to some extent. In order to assess the effect of nec1 mutation on basal Bgh resistance, microcolony formation was examined. nec1 supported formation of significantly (p < 0.001, t-test) smaller number of Bgh colonies compared to wt plants (Figure 4). To further test, if restricted formation of Bgh microcolonies on nec1 derived from the rapid and effective localized response precluding fungal penetration or from post-invasive defense impeding further fungal development, we examined nec1 Bgh penetration resistance. The effect of nec1 mutation on Bgh penetration resistance was characterized as the proportion of interaction sites that had formed Bgh haustoria to the total number of Bgh spores that had germinated at 48 hpi. nec1 plants permitted almost identical entry and haustoria establishment rate of Bgh as the parental line (71% and 74% Bgh penetration efficiency respectively, p = 0.64, Student's t-test).
Bgh microcolony formation on nec1 and wt plants. Excised segments of barley leafs were inoculated with a virulent Bgh isolate. Microcolony formation was inspected microscopically 4 days post infection and infection rate was expressed as a number of microcolonies per cm-2 leaf area. Figure reflects data from two independent experiments. Error bars represent standard deviation. Infection frequency significantly differs between nec1 and Parkland (p < 0.001, t-test).
Basal Bgh resistance has been shown to be tightly linked to the molecular mechanisms of race-specific Bgh resistance triggered by different Mla alleles [30, 31]. HvRbohA and HvRacB are known to participate in basal as well as race-specific Bgh resistance [32–34]. The expression of these genes was characterized using real-time quantitative PCR. Relative mRNA abundance of the analyzed genes was not affected by nec1 mutation (Figure 5) indirectly suggesting that nec1 may be independent from effector-triggered immunity that ensure rapid localized Bgh resistance.
Effect of nec1 mutation on expression of powdery mildew resistance related genes. Transcript abundance of powdery mildew resistance related genes in nec1 mutants was determined by quantitative real time PCR. mRNA abundance of HvMLO and HvBI-1 is significantly increased in nec1. Error bars represent standard deviation.
Different powdery mildew resistance types employ at least partially distinctive molecular pathways: thus, a particular gene can have a significant role in one Bgh resistance strategy, while having only a marginal or no effect on another Bgh resistance type . To find out, if nec1 mutation affected mlo-triggered race non-specific Bgh resistance, the expression of MLO and BI-1 genes was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR. Loss of functional MLO protein renders barley almost fully resistant against Bgh, whereas BI-1 over-expression in mlo mutants leads to restoration of susceptibility against Bgh  and, in fact, BI-1 is required for full susceptibility of barley to powdery mildew . Furthermore, over-expression of MLO in wild type plants leads to super susceptibility against Bgh . Significant over-expression of both MLO and BI-1 in nec1 plants was observed (Figure 5). To further test whether nec1 mutation had any effect on race non-specific powdery mildew resistance conferred by mlo-5 mutation, Bgh penetration resistance of nec1/mlo-5 double mutant was characterized. Similar to mlo-5 mutant, nec1/mlo-5 plants were almost fully resistant to Bgh, allowing establishment of fungal haustoria only at less than 2% of interaction sites (Figure 6). In addition, the H2O2 content of whole-leaf extracts from nec1/mlo-5 double mutants was analyzed. While the nec1 mutant showed markedly increased accumulation of H2O2 compared to wt NEC1 plants, the experiment did not reveal a significant effect of mlo-5 mutation on H2O2 over-accumulation in nec1 (Figure 7).
Effects of nec1 mutation on mlo-5 triggered Bgh penetration resistance. Fourteen days old plants were inoculated with 10-20 conidia per mm2 and at 48 h post inoculation infected leaves were harvested and Bgh penetration efficiency was assessed. At least 100 interaction sites per variant were observed. Error bars represent standard deviation.
Effect of mlo-5 mutation on H 2 O 2 accumulation in barley mutant nec1. mlo-5 mutation does not affect over-accumulation of H2O2 in nec1 mutant. H2O2 content was determined spectrofluorimetrically in leaf extracts of wt, nec1, mlo-5 and nec1/mlo-5 double mutants. Error bars represent standard deviation.
Despite the fact that ion fluxes are known to play an important role in early signaling events during plant-pathogen interaction [37–39], to date only several plant ion channels have been shown to participate in plant disease resistance or plant-pathogen interaction signal transduction. The cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel (CNGC) gene family is one of the best-represented among the disease resistance-related ion channels. CNGC mutants dnd1 (AtCNGC2), dnd2 and hlm1 (AtCNGC4) and cpr22 (AtCNGC11/12) exhibit a wide range of pathogen resistance [10, 11, 40, 41]. Mutations affecting AtCNGC4 enhance resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana against certain pathotypes of Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea [10, 11, 42]. Although the effect of CNGC mutations on resistance against bacterial and oomycete pathogens is well-studied in Arabidopsis, little is known about the role of these genes in non-host resistance and also about the functions of CNGCs in disease resistance of economically important monocot plant species such as barley. Here we show that similarly to dnd2 in A. thaliana , nec1 in barley activates constitutive over-accumulation of SA. High level of SA contributes to enhanced disease resistance of dnd2 to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato [10, 42] and this resistance requires functional PAD4 , which is one of the central genes in SA-mediated effector-triggered immunity (ETI)  and SAR . Although disease resistance pathways seem to be largely conserved among monocots and dicots [46–49], the position of SA in monocot immunity is ambiguous. Some monocots, such as rice, contain high endogenous SA levels  and SA is not required for PR-gene induction in rice upon infection . Ineffectiveness of externally applied SA on induction of PR-genes has also been observed in barley  and wheat , however, inoculation with non-host bacteria Pseudomonas syringae triggers SA accumulation in barley . Taking into account that such differences occur in the SA mediated resistance signaling among monocots and dicots, it is interesting to see whether mutation affecting SA mediated disease resistance in A. thaliana is also involved in barley disease resistance. The present study analyzed the effect of the nec1 (HvCNGC4) mutation on barley resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei.
Mutation in the NEC1 gene affected barley non-host resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Bacterial growth in nec1 plants was delayed at the initial phase of infection, if plants were inoculated with bacteria at high inoculum density. At the same time the increased electrolyte leakage suggested somewhat enhanced cell death, even though the conductivity values were much lower than reported for typical HR. Thus, electrolyte leakage data in nec1 were generally in agreement with the expected "defense, no death" phenotype characteristic of hlm1/dnd2 mutants, although differences between nec1 and hlm1/dnd2 mutants may exist in this respect. Non-host resistance is predicted to share common defense responses with host resistance - either basal (PAMP-triggered immunity, PTI) or ETI [53, 54]. The choice of which layer of immunity is activated upon a particular interaction with non-host pathogen seems to be case specific [55–57]. Therefore molecular mechanisms leading to changes in non-host resistance of nec1 to P. syringae pv. tomato might have also had an effect on interaction with host pathogens. This prompted the assessment of the role of nec1 mutation in resistance to powdery mildew caused by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. nec1 restricted Bgh microcolony formation, while not affecting Bgh penetration or mlo-5 triggered resistance to Bgh. Interestingly, despite the fact that nec1 did not impede mlo-5 mediated race non specific resistance to Bgh, MLO and BI-1 mRNA abundance was significantly increased in barley nec1 plants (Figure 5). Significant over-expression of MLO and BI-1 might result from general activation of cell death-related signaling pathways and systemic immunity responses rather than from activation of particular powdery mildew resistance. Together these observations suggest that nec1 mutation most likely affects PTI and non-host resistance related responses and it is not associated with rapid localized defense responses required to prevent fungal penetration.
HR related cell death is suggested to serve in plant immunity as a factor triggering activation of SAR [4, 58]. Spontaneous cell death might elicit constitutive activation of SAR related signaling pathway in nec1. Previously nec1 has been shown to constitutively over-express PR-1a and β-1,3-glucanase  - molecular markers of SAR. This study confirmed the constitutive activation of SA-related signaling pathways in nec1 mutants, since significant over-accumulation of H2O2 and SA in nec1 plants was detected. In Arabidopsis thaliana, non-host resistance against some types of pathogens involves SA signaling [59–61]. In barley, a substantial increase in SA levels has been observed after infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, but not after inoculation with non-host fungus Blumeria (Erysiphe) graminis f. sp. tritici  or host pathogen Bgh  suggesting a differential role of SA in barley resistance against different pathogens. Constitutive activation of the SA-related defense pathway may contribute to differential resistance of nec1 mutant against non-host bacteria Pst and virulent host pathogen Bgh. However, the cause for SA over-accumulation needs further investigation, and it remains to be determined, if SA-independent pathways are activated in nec1 mutant similarly to Arabidopsis hlm1/dnd2 mutant.
nec1 mutation increased resistance against the non-host bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato applied at high inoculum density and it also inhibited microcolony formation of host pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, but its penetration resistance to Bgh or race non-specific Bgh resistance pathways were not impaired. The differential disease resistance response of nec1 plants might result from the activation of specific resistance pathways differentiating between various types of pathogens. SA-dependent signaling pathways have previously been shown to participate in disease resistance against certain types of pathogens, while not affecting others. nec1 mutant displays constitutive activation of systemic acquired resistance-related signals such as over-accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and SA, as well as over-expression of PR-1. It remains to be determined, if constitutive activation of SA related signaling is the main reason for the differential disease resistance of nec1 mutant.
Plants for all experiments were grown in an environmental growth chamber at 22°C under long-day (16 h day, 8 h night), medium light (ca. 150 μmol m-2 s-1) conditions. The barley necrotic mutant nec1 (GSHO 1284) containing a MITE insertion in the gene for Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Ion Channel 4 (CNGC4)  has previously been described as a natural mutant in cv. Parkland . Both cv. Parkland and GSHO 1284 are completely susceptible to powdery mildew. mlo-5 and nec1 double mutant was obtained by crossing accession GSHO 1284 with NGB 9276 carrying the mlo-5 allele in the cv. Carlsberg II background . Plants homozygous for nec1 and mlo-5 alleles were confirmed by genotyping the respective mutations and F4 plants were used for all experiments. Barley accessions GSHO 1284 and Parkland were obtained from USDA ARS National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility (Aberdeen, Idaho, USA), and NGB 9276 was obtained from Nordic Genetic Resources Center (Alnarp, Sweden).
To study nec1 non-host resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, leaves of 14 day old nec1 plants were vacuum infiltrated with a bacterial suspension in 10 mM MgCl2. Bacterial suspension was applied at normal concentration 8 × 104 and high concentration 6 × 107 cfu ml-1, since low concentration inoculum typically applied for infection of host plants can have minor or no effect on non-host species . For mock inoculation 10 mM MgCl2 was used for infiltration. Immediately after infiltration plants were covered with plastic bags to maintain high humidity and kept in dark for 1 h. After an hour plants were transferred to growth conditions described above. Bacterial growth was monitored at day 3 post inoculation by dilution plating of homogenized plant tissue. Leaves were briefly sterilized with 70% ethanol before homogenization. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato was obtained from the German microbial type collection (accession 50315).
Cell death was quantified by electrolyte leakage assay performed as described by Dellagi et al. (1998) with minor modifications . In brief, plants were vacuum infiltrated with Pst as described above and incubated in dark at high humidity for an hour. Five mm leaf disks were collected and washed with distilled water for 1 h and then transferred to a tube with 6.5 ml distilled water. Conductivity was measured with conductivity meter handylab LF11 (Schott Instruments). Each sample contained 4 leaf disks from 4 plants and at each data point 4 independent replicates were measured.
Two week old plants of nec1 and cv. Parkland were inoculated with 10-20 conidia per mm2 from virulent mixed population of powdery mildew multiplied on cv. Parkland. For the characterization of penetration efficiency, infected barley leaves were harvested 48 h post inoculation and cleared for 24 h in 98% ethanol. Penetration efficiency was calculated as a ratio of interaction sites with haustoria formation and the total number of spores with developed appresoria. The overall penetration efficiency for the particular barley line was an average from three replicates containing at least 100 interaction sites each.
Bgh microcolony formation was examined on 5 cm long leaf middle segments, which were laid flat on 0.5% agar in water (w v-1) plates with adaxial surface facing up and were inoculated with mixed population of powdery mildew multiplied on cv. Parkland. Each plate contained leaves from both nec1 and cv. Parkland plants to compensate for uneven inoculation. Bgh microcolonies were microscopically scored 4 days post inoculation. Experiment was repeated twice with 14 independent samples per barley line in each experiment.
Hydrogen peroxide was quantified spectrofluorometrically . Briefly, 1 g of freshly harvested leaves from two week old barley plants were frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground in 50 mM Hepes-KOH buffer containing 1 mM EDTA and 5 mM MgCl2 (pH 7.5). After centrifugation for 10 minutes at 13000 g, the supernatant was transferred to a new centrifuge tube and an equal volume of chloroform:methanol (volume ratio 2:1) solution was added. After centrifugation for 3 minutes at 13000 g, the upper aqueous phase was transferred to a new centrifuge tube and 50 mM Hepes-KOH buffer solution (pH 7.5) containing 0.5 mM homovanillic acid and 15 U horseradish peroxidase VI was added to a final volume of 3 ml. Samples were incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes before fluorescence measurements were taken (excitation at 315 nm, emission at 425 nm). Fluorescence was measured with a FloroMax3 spectrofluorometer (Horiba Scientific, Japan). For quantification of the H2O2 a standard curve with a range of 100 μM - 1 nM was applied. Sample correction for quenching was performed by adding a known sample amount to a 10 nM H2O2 solution.
The SA content in leaf tissue extracts was analyzed using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Each sample contained leaf tissue from 3 two week old plants. Samples were prepared essentially as described . Briefly, 0.45 g barley leaf tissue was homogenized in liquid nitrogen and sequentially extracted using 90% and 100% methanol. Extraction was repeated twice and two supernatant fractions were pooled and dried. The residue was resuspended in 1 ml of 5% acetic acid. As an internal standard for SA recovery correction, samples were selectively spiked with 50 μg per g FW 3-hydroxy benzoic acid (3-HBA) .
For the quantification of free SA, 1 ml of ethylacetate:cyclopentane:isopropanol (50:50:1) was added. The sample was thoroughly mixed and the upper phase (approximately 1 ml) was transferred to a new 2 ml tube. The aqueous phase was then re-extracted, as described previously, and both organic phases (approximately 2 ml) were pooled. The resulting solution was vacuum-dried and thoroughly resuspended in 0.9 ml of mobile phase. This suspension was filtered through a 0.20 μm filter.
The aqueous phase containing the SAG fraction was acidified with HCl to pH 1.0 and boiled for 30 min to separate free SA from conjugated SA. The released SA was then extracted with the organic mixture and treated as above.
Chromatographic analysis was performed on a modular HPLC system, Agilent 1100 series, consisting of quaternary pump, autosampler, column thermostat and both UV and fluorescence detectors (Agilent Technologies, Germany). Separation was achieved on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (Agilent Technologies, Germany) column 4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm. Column temperature was maintained at 40°C. The mobile phase was prepared by mixing acetonitrile:20 mM NaH2PO4 (pH 3.0 with acetic acid), in a volume ratio 25:75. The mobile phase flow rate was 1.0 ml min-1. Injection volume was 100 μl. The UV/VIS detector was set to 237 nm and 303 nm and the fluorescence detector to an excitation wavelength of 297 nm and an emission wavelength of 407 nm. Results were evaluated by a ChemStation Plus (Agilent, Germany).
For RNA extraction, 5 cm long segments of cotyledon leaf from two week old plants of necrotic mutant nec1 and parental cv. Parkland were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after harvesting. Total RNA was extracted from frozen leaf tissues using Trizol reagent. Each RNA sample was extracted from a pool of five plants, and three biological replicates of each barley line (15 plants in total) were used for expression analysis of BI-1, MLO, HvRACB and HvRbohA genes in nec1 and cv. Parkland plants. Integrity of the extracted RNA was monitored using non-denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis. Quantity of purified total RNA was monitored using spectrophotometer NanoDrop ND-1000 (NanoDrop products, USA). One to two μg of the extracted RNA was treated with DNaseI (Fermentas, Vilnius, Lithuania) following the manufacturer's instructions and afterwards purified using chloroform-ethanol extraction.
cDNA was synthesized with oligo (dT)18 primers in a total volume of 10 μl containing 1 μg of total RNA using the RevertAid H Minus First Strand cDNA synthesis kit (Fermentas, Vilnius, Lithuania).
For quantitative real-time PCR, aliquots of cDNA were amplified on an ABI Prism 7300 instrument (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) using the Maxima SYBR Green PCR kit (Fermentas, Vilnius, Lithuania) in a total volume of 20 μl containing 2 μl of cDNA and 0.3 μM primers (Table 1). The reaction was carried out as follows: initial denaturing step for 15 min at 95°C followed by 35 cycles of 15 s at 94°C, 30 s at 60°C and 45 s at 72°C (data acquisition step). Standard curves for the quantification of the transcript levels were calculated from serial dilutions of appropriate cDNA fragments amplified from cv. Parkland. Transcript levels of the studied genes were expressed as a percentage of HvGAPDH transcript value in the same sample. Combined values of two technical replicates of the three biological replicates (n = 6) were used to calculate the average values and standard deviations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of transcript abundance between the mutant and the corresponding parent was done in Microsoft Excel (Redmond, WA, USA).
The study was funded by Latvian Council of Science grant Z-6142-090, European Social Fund project 2009/0224/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/055 and University of Latvia grant ZP-59. AK and LK are recipients of the European Social Fund scholarships (projects 2009/0138/1DP/1.1.2.1.2/09/IPIA/VIAA/004 and 2009/0162/1DP/1.1.2.1.1./09/IPIA/VIAA/004, respectively). Authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript.
AK designed and performed the study and drafted the manuscript. KKS and LK performed the disease resistance tests and gene expression analyses. IN performed HPLC analysis and helped to draft the manuscript. NR designed and performed the study and wrote the final manuscript. All authors have read and approved the submitted manuscript.


Affordable, commercial property from 130 sq ft (12 m²) to 420 sq ft (39 m²). Short, flexible leases offer customers the opportunity to expand or contract as their requirements demand. Lease terms are fully inclusive of business rates, service charges and utilities. Secure car parking and 24-hour access are available. Deliveries and collections can be overseen on tenants' behalf. Storage and warehouse facilities are also on-hand, facilitating short-term fluctuations in stock, or again allowing customers to increase or decrease their space in-line with business demands or staff requirements. Storage spaces can be rented from as little as one week to as long as required. Situated less than a mile from Ealing Broadway, beside Drayton Green Park, these purpose-built offices are just 5 minutes' walk from West Ealing Rail Station, and have good public transport links from other local stations. The A40, A406, M4 and Heathrow Airport are all easily accessible, and there is plenty of free parking available in the surrounding area. The offices are located outside both the Congestion Charging and Low Emission Zones, and are just 5 minutes' walk from the amenities of West Ealing.
This property comprises a detached office building arranged over basement, ground, and two upper floors. There is also car parking in the basement and to the side of the property. Flexible terms are available from license agreements with inclusive rates to 5+ year lease terms. Both open plan and smaller partitioned suites are available. Businesses have the added flexibility of being able to expand and contract within the building. Northfield Avenue lies between the Uxbridge Road to the north and the A40 Great West Road (at Brentford) to the south, within the suburb of West Ealing. The property fronts Northfield Avenue opposite Northfields Underground Station, providing easy access to both Heathrow Airport and Central London.
This brand new high spec boutique fit out allows you to move in to a fully equipped, immediately available office. Budget effectively with fixed monthly costs and choose the length of term to suit you. There is an additional members break out/co working area - 'The Dock Club', plus shower facilities, cycle storage areas and on site parking. This prestigious business address in Ealing, West London, has easy access to Ealing Broadway Overground and Ealing Broadway underground stations, providing quick travel to the rest of the city. Local amenities include a gym, restaurant and Ealing Broadway Shopping Centre.
Join a likeminded bunch of professional entrepreneurs in this Ealing-based centre that boasts an impressive contemporary design with swathes of natural light – making for a very productive atmosphere. A magnificent, friendly onsite team are on-hand throughout the week to answer any queries and allow you to focus solely on business. Tenants can plug in and get to work with reliable, speedy internet and the centre has a bunch of different working environments – from private rooms to breakout spaces – to allowing you to mix it up during the day and stay feeling productive. The space also possesses a fantastic roof terrace, where you can go to take a minute and chill, taking in the inspiring views of the City. Tenants will enjoy a hyper-connected location in the heart of Ealing – an area that has gone significant regeneration and is now home to an eclectic range of fine eateries, watering holes, theatres and music venues. Whether you're looking for a spot of lunch, or a night of entertainment upon leaving the office, Ealing will have somewhere to explore. In terms of transport, tenants will have Ealing Broadway and West Ealing stations' both 10-minutes walk in the opposite directions. Both stations offer Great West Railway services to London Paddington, and TfL Rail services and are due to be part of the Elizabeth Line upon opening. Ealing Broadway station also offers tube access – being served by the Central and District Lines.
This space is based in Ealing, adjacent to Ealing Film Studios. The centre is housed in a prestigious Georgian building that boasts its own grounds and courtyard parking. The centre has a range of space options available, making it an exciting proposition for all kinds of business, whether a start-up or freelancer, or a more established company looking for a new home. The centre offers a wealth of amenities, including free broadband internet, meeting room facilities that are equipped with projection screens, presentation boards and a TV, kitchen facilities, washroom facilities, and a rate that is inclusive of all bills. Based in the heart of Ealing, the centre benefits from a fantastic location close to a range of amenities and attractions, as well as great transport links. Ealing itself is now a major London hub for both business and socialising and is one of the best connected places in the Capital. The space is in a prime location just a short walk across Ealing Green to Ealing Broadway shops with its wide range of cafes bars, restaurants and pubs. Ealing Broadway rail station is just a 10-minute walk and offers a range of options, being served by the Central and District underground lines and offering Great Western Railway and Crossrail services. Alternatively, South Ealing underground station is the same walking time and offers Piccadilly line access.
A 1960s period building that has been extensively refurbished to provide top-quality serviced offices, with additional meeting rooms and communal areas. The entire centre is air conditioned and features a state-of-the-art voice and data backbone. The space, more than 16,000 sq ft in total, is arranged over four upper floors with offices to suit all needs, from small, furnished executive suites to large spaces in flexible configurations. A staffed reception area creates an excellent first impression during normal office hours. The centre also has well-appointed meeting and training rooms with multimedia facilities, as well as Wi-Fi equipped communal areas for you to use free, and tea points on every floor. These business services package meets most of your everyday office needs in return for a fixed monthly fee. Included are your phone line, switchboard service and UK landline calls, a generous copying quota, concierge and reception services and even beverages, so you can budget with total confidence. Centrally located, and very close to Ealing Broadway Station, with the District and Central Underground Lines providing fast access to central London. With a thriving local business community and the M40 and M4 motorways close-by, this is an excellent place to base your business. Nearby, there are various amenities including Caffe Nero, Pret A Manger, a Sainsbury's supermarket, hairdressers and banks. For further amenities and attractions, head easily into central London, where the Capital;s attractions are ready for you to explore.
This business centre is a 6-floor, purpose-built, fully-equipped private office and co-working space in Ealing, West London. All members, from promising entrepreneurs and SME's to larger entities, have access to a unique, tailored range of offices and services. Due to the diverse mix of clients who make this their business home, services range from fully bespoke, custom office space and turn-key private offices, to fun, flexible and interactive co-working space. At the core of this business centre is the idea that the workplace should be somewhere for people to focus on growth whilst having the facilities needed to step away from the desk, relax and de-stress. This is an individual office building that members enjoy working from, somewhere that captures their work, lifestyle and connectivity needs. These fantastic offices sit in the heart of Ealing on Uxbridge Road, 9 minutes' walk from Ealing Broadway Station. Surrounded by numerous local amenities including an array of exciting new restaurants, shops, gyms etc. this is an ideal location. Ealing Broadway station is also soon to be home to the new Crossrail Elizabeth Line, which will service into Bond Street in just 10 minutes, Liverpool Street in 18 minutes and Heathrow Airport in 12 minutes, meaning that London and beyond is extremely easily accessible.
See the latest Ealing, London office listings from across the market. Currently there are 10 available offices in Ealing, London. Manor Road, West Ealing is the latest office to rent, listed by Instant Offices.
Start a new search to search for other commercial properties to rent in Ealing, London or to find offices to rent in other areas.
Realla operates a heavily trafficked listing service for Ealing, London offices and other markets in the UK with more than £6 billion of commercial property for sale and 12 billion sq. ft. of commercial property space for lease. Realla also attracts a large community of Ealing, London commercial real estate professionals with 1,000s of members comprised of agents, corporate executives, service providers, and more than 1 million buyers, tenants and other principals throughout the UK.


My sincere apologies to all of you who ordered signed copies of my book (or the "MagaPack," which includes a sticker, a signed print and a hand-drawn caricature of Trump inside the book's front flap).
I grossly underestimated sales because my first book ("Rogue Cartoonist") did not sell well at all out of the gates and in fact, I gave away nearly 100 copies to people all over the world.
Therefore, I under-ordered my latest book to start. As luck would have it, they sold out in a day. We've been waiting for a big shipment of books from CreateSpace, and they said they were shipping them out tomorrow and we should get them next week. We paid for expedited shipping.
You WILL get the books ASAP just as soon as we get them. I have a lot of Trump caricatures to draw and those will be my first priority. My wife Tina has all the boxes addressed and ready. The items will be well-protected with special padded envelopes, plastic sleeves for the prints and quality, custom mailing boxes to prevent any damage.
Again, I am extremely sorry for the delay. I simply didn't expect such a great response. I guess my cartoons are more popular than I realized. That's a good sign!


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Barcelona trigger buy-back clause to sign Deulofeu
Updated on June 30, 2017 By paul meadows Leave a comment
Barcelona have confirmed they have signed Gerard Deulofeu, after activating a buy-back clause in his contract at Premier League side Everton.
The Spanish forward enjoyed a loan spell at Goodison Park during the 2013-14 season, and the following summer he joined them in a £4.2million deal. But Barca still had belief in their youth product, and insisted on a buy-back clause should he progress as they imagined he would.
Although Deulofeu dropped down the pecking order at the Merseyside club in recent times – he spent the second part of last season on loan at Milan – Deulofeu is still regarded as a fine talent, and he has helped Spain reach the final of the Under-21 European Championships.
As Ernesto Valverde refines his squad after succeeding Luis Enrique as head coach at the Camp Nou, he has activated the clause to take the 23-year-old back to Catalonia on a two-year contract, a deal which is thought to have cost them a transfer fee of around £10.5million.
The statement from the Spanish giants read: "FC Barcelona have activated the buy-back clause for Gerard Deulofeu. In the following days, the terms will be agreed with both Everton and the player. Gerard Deulofeu's contract will run until 30 June 2019."
Tags: Barcelona Everton Gerard Deulofeu
Tottenham still keen on Milan's Suso despite failed bid
Chelsea pegged back but Manchester United march on


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OCDE teams with community partners to open a new Fit Kid Center in Santa Ana
This week, Lydia Romero-Cruz Elementary School in Santa Ana became the latest Orange County campus to host a ribbon-cutting ceremony for its brand new Fit Kid Center.
As we've previously reported here, Fit Kid Centers transform empty classrooms into engaging health and fitness rooms that can be used similar to computer labs. Each offers 30 minutes of fun, DVD-based exercise sessions, rotating small groups of students through a half-dozen self-directed stations that hone motor skills and promote overall fitness.
The center at Romero-Cruz was made possible by OCDE's Move More Eat Healthy At School initiative with funding from the multi-agency Orange County Partnership to Improve Community Health, which in turn secured a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Santa Ana Unified Superintendent Rick Miller took part in the opening ceremony, which also featured Principal Erica Graves and dozens of students. You can check out some of the action in the video below, courtesy of the Santa Ana Unified School District's Media Production team.
OCDE has now helped install approximately 20 Fit Kid Centers throughout the county and distributed more than 1,500 classroom Fit Kits, which can be used by elementary school teachers to facilitate quality P.E. lessons with little to no prep time.
OCDE's Inside the Outdoors program leads clean-up event in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
In the news: Project Zero Waste honored, kindergarten vaccination rates rise and more


Three Rivers College Men's Basketball Coach and Professor of Physical Education Gene Bess recently received the Senior Service award from the Missouri Community College Association (MCCA). The award is presented to long-serving employees of Missouri community colleges.
Pictured are, from left: Gene Bess and Dr. Wesley Payne, President of Three Rivers College.


We are getting ready to attend the Maricopa County Home & Landscape Show at the Arizona State Fairgrounds on September 28, 29, and 30, 2012. We're putting together a dynamic display of new innovations like Watercolors glass, color body porcelain, and Radianz Quartz along with classic natural stone products including granite, limestone, marble, and slate to inspire your next indoor or outdoor project.
Visit us at booth #767/769 to stop by and say hello! We can't wait to see you and share our enthusiasm about designing with natural stone, glass, and tile.