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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Find Discounts on Your Favorite ergonomic Products and Save Up To 20%!
10 Best University Programs To Attain An Ergonomics Degree
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Written by Tim Rhodes Last Updated: Feb 1 2023
The field of Human Factors and Ergonomics is the investigation of human capacities and impediments to plan frameworks, machines, instruments, and associations that are protected and productive to augment human execution and effectiveness through ergonomics degrees.
An ergonomics or human factors degree is a way toward structuring or organizing work environments, products, and frameworks, so they fit the individuals who use them.
A great many people have known about human factors ergonomics and think it is something to do with seating or with the plan of vehicle controls and instruments – and it is… yet it is quite a lot more.
Ergonomics applies to the structure of whatever includes individuals – workspaces, sports and leisure, wellbeing, and safety.
Ergonomics (or 'human factors' as it is alluded to in North America) is a branch of science that means to find out about human capacities and constraints, and afterward apply this figuring out how to improve individuals' cooperation with products, frameworks, and situations.
Ergonomics and human factors are used to improve workspaces and conditions to minimize risk or injury by improving occupational health and occupational safety conditions.
As innovations change, so does the need to guarantee that the ways we access tools work, rest, and play are intended for our body's necessities.
10 Best University Programs That Will Get You An Ergonomics Degree
1. La Trobe University
2. University Of Waterloo
3. University Of Hong Kong
4. KTH Royal Institute of Technology
5. Auburn University
6. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
7. San Jose State University
8. SUNY Buffalo
9. Tufts University
10. Virginia Tech
Author's Opinion About Ergonomics
How To Accomplish Ergonomics Work?
Curious about how to get an ergonomics degree? Let's go ahead and get into the 10 best university programs that will give you one.
This course is intended for individuals who wish to work at an expert level in the quickly developing field of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) with the pro inclusion of Ergonomics.
It is appropriate for those previously working in the area who need to redesign their capabilities to meet new OHS professional practice prerequisites, just as for new participants.
The Masters of Ergonomics, Safety, and Health, and the Graduate Diploma are authorized courses by the Australian OHS Education Accreditation Board (AOHSEAB).
We offer distance education to empower occupied experts to consolidate concentrate on different responsibilities.
There are no obligatory participation necessities, and the study is low maintenance (up to a limit of 0.5 of a full-time load).
You can examine the Master of Ergonomics, Safety, and Health online if you live in or outside of Australia.
University will offer the following degree:
A graduate certificate in safety, occupational health & Ergonomics
Master of Ergonomics, health, and safety
Ergonomics is the study of fitting the workplace to the individuals who accomplish the work.
It looks at the association among people and different parts of the workplace and endeavors to coordinate the capacities and qualities of individuals with the tasks they perform.
Ergonomic risks can add to the advancement of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD's), which can create because of abuse of body tissues through off-kilter, dreary as well as powerful developments.
One of the goals of ergonomics is to configure tasks to accomplish the ideal execution of an errand while limiting the risk of injury or inconvenience.
UW's Ergonomics Program was created to give an asset to help staff and personnel right ergonomic issues in their work zones.
It also promotes better occupational health and occupational safety, and through the Safety Office, provides training and ergonomic evaluations upon demand.
University will offer the following options:
Ergonomics option
Neurobehavioral assessment option
Human nutrition minor
Pre-health professions options
The point of the program is to offer advanced postgraduate education in industrial engineering and coordinate the executives to graduates who are holding administrative, administrative, or managerial situations in Hong Kong's industrial and service sectors.
The program is intended to empower students to procure state-of-the-art knowledge in tasks the executives, logistic and supply chain management, organizational theory, and behavior, costing and finance, quality management, information technology, and other related themes.
Following Hong Kong's economic transformation, the schedule of the program has been reexamined throughout the years to incorporate countless new courses identifying with the latest and energizing fields of logistics and supply chain management.
Industrial managers are the engineers for the plan of "working frameworks" in associations, both private and public, that are concerned about offering some benefit to clients.
Industrial managers are likewise liable for successfully dealing with the activities of these associations.
The complexities of current activities have expanded significantly, both regarding broadness and profundity.
An industrial manager now should be worried about supply chain issues from a worldwide point of view.
The management of technology and information has likewise taken on a more critical function in the development and productivity of an association.
It has become an essential asset in increasing the upper hand.
Industrial managers are among the most notable individuals in an association as they add to the drawn-out intensity of the association tangibly and directly.
While numerous business opportunities are introduced to Hong Kong by the closer financial association with South China, an organization can thrive just if it has the correct business vision joined with the critical skill.
The accentuation of this MSc(Eng) program is on the vital and logistics aspects that will assist associations with accomplishing this vision and skill.
Specifically offered the man-machine ergonomics system.
Ergonomics is characterized as a cross-disciplinary examination and application field that, from a comprehensive point of view, manages the collaboration between people, technology, and organization to optimize health, prosperity, and execution in the plan of products s and work frameworks.
The field incorporates physical ergonomics, intellectual ergonomics, and work organization.
Equivalents are "People – Technology – Organization" and "Human Factors".
The point is to advance work frameworks that increase security, wellbeing, prosperity, and framework execution.
The program likewise contains arranging, leadership, and evaluation of improvement activities and change projects.
The program gives a reason for research concentrates on the field of ergonomics.
University will offer the following program:
Master's program-human computer interaction
Master's program-ergonomics and human technology organization
Linköping University The role of ergonomics in products and product improvement.
Client profile and task examinations.
Subjective and quantitative techniques.
Ergonomics (psychosocial and work organizational environment, physical workload, physical and chemical factors, technology framework, risk, laws).
Design and product development, product ergonomics are the specialized programs in this university.
The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society license Reddish-brown University's Occupational Safety and Ergonomics program (housed in Auburn's Industrial and Systems Engineering Department), and Auburn's program brags one the most significant number of graduates that have been affirmed by the Board of Certification in Professional Ergonomics.
Graduates of this program are corporate ergonomists with vast numbers of the biggest companies in the nation.
This program has taken an interest in a NIOSH-financed Education and Research Center (ERC) for more than 30 years, and houses both an Occupational Safety and Ergonomics program and an Occupational Injury Prevention program inside the ERC.
The personnel in this program have gotten various considerable honors in the fields of both wellbeing and ergonomics, including the IEA/Liberty Mutual Medal in 2013.
We offer a Masters in Industrial and Systems Engineering and a Ph.D. in Industrial and Systems Engineering.
These are the following degrees offered by this university:
Masters in industrial and systems engineering
Ph.D. in Industrial and system engineering
Human elements of ergonomics are the scientific discipline worried about the comprehension of cooperations among people and different components of a framework, and then calling that applies theory, standards, information, and other techniques to structure to improve human prosperity and overall system performance.
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Embry Riddle's Human Factors and Systems Department offers to advance scholastic undergrad and graduate projects that get ready understudies for work or proceeding with instruction.
The Human Factors and Systems personnel and staff are committed to the instruction and utilization of scientific principles, with an accentuation on human capability in aeronautics and aviation operational or workplaces.
The Master of Science in Human Factors Psychology program accentuates ergonomics, human conduct just as human capacities and restrictions.
The Master of Science in Human Factors and Systems program has two particular tracks: human components and frameworks.
The five-year accelerated Human Factors Psychology and Master of Human Factors and Systems program offer students the adaptability to seek after graduates contemplate while finishing a college degree.
Human Factors students master captivating interdisciplinary points, for example, Psychology, Aerospace Life Sciences, Ergonomics, and Human-Computer Interaction, just as numerous other fascinating subjects.
Students become human components authorities by work in the central zones of applied psychology, complex frameworks, research methods, and measurable investigation.
Embry-Riddle Human Factors graduates are exceptionally wanted and utilized by private industry and government.
Master of Science in human factors and systems
Human factors and psychology
The program's results are relied upon to give a firm establishment that enables graduates to accomplish the above program targets.
The Human Factors/Ergonomics Program is intended to create industrial and systems engineering graduates who:
Have a capacity to apply information on the studies of human elements and work environment ergonomics
Have a capacity to structure and lead tests, just as to break down and interpret data
Have a capacity to plan a framework, part, or cycle to meet acknowledged human components and working environment ergonomics standards inside sensible imperatives, for example, financial, ecological, social, political, moral, wellbeing and safety, manufacturability, and supportability
Have the capacity to work on multi-disciplinary groups
Have a capacity to distinguish, detail, and fathom human components and work environment ergonomics issues
Have a comprehension of professional and moral obligations
Have a capacity to convey viably
Have the broad instruction essential to comprehend the effect of human components and work environment ergonomics arrangements in a worldwide, economic, ecological, and cultural setting
Have an acknowledgment of the requirement for, and a capacity to participate in, deep-rooted learning
Have the information on contemporary issues
Have a capacity to utilize the methods, aptitudes, and present-day human variables and working environment ergonomics instruments fundamental for modern and frameworks designing practice
Human factors center around the utilization of the studies of building, physiology, computer science, and software engineering to the plan of working and living situations with an unmistakable thought of the physical and mental characteristics of clients.
This involves human-PC connection, mathematical modeling of visual hunt and choice cycles in the human examination, human dependability and modern security, working environment structure, psychological designing, administrator preparing, profitability improvement in assembling frameworks, manual cycle control, and biomechanics.
Students are typically drawn from different fields in building, just as from the behavior and health sciences.
The Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the University at Buffalo has a long history of quality education and exploration in the territory of human variables.
It has consistently considered it to be as incorporating human components into the more extensive set of planning compelling work frameworks.
UB's program is one of only a handful of hardly any human components graduate projects offered inside a building school to be certified by the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Sponsored human variables designing examination is subsidized by such organizations as the U.S. air force, the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Science Foundation, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the National Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, and the National Institutes of Health, just as public and nearby partnerships.
Our exploration spaces stretch out from flying to assembling and the administration enterprises.
Our interdisciplinary work tackles applied issues, yet additionally improves our examination base.
We have an active student body, as proven by our honor-winning student section of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Graduating students typically take human element positions in educational establishments, government research centers, and public organizations.
Human Factors is likewise alluded to as Engineering Psychology or Ergonomics.
This is a quickly developing field with comprehensive engineering and non-engineering applications.
The program offers specific courses, training, and research opportunities in the human-focused parts of building exercises, for example, medical devices and system design, product design, PC interface structure, ergonomics, and working environment security.
Candidates are admitted to this program based on their instructive capabilities.
It is relied upon that candidates to the Human Factors program will have a worthy BS in building or science.
Significant course work and exploration experience might be considered for non-building students.
It is emphatically suggested that the forthcoming understudy distinguish and contact the potential proposal guide before applying to the program.
For additional subtleties, please contact the acting system chief, Professor Daniel Hannon.
The Department likewise requires all candidates to present their ongoing General Record Examination (GRE) scores.
A more detailed description of all application prerequisites is given in the Graduate School Handbook.
Teaching assistantships (TA) and research assistantships (RA) are accessible on a profound premise to full-time MS students.
The most extreme measure of time that an MS student can get paid as a TA is two academic years (4 semesters).
Human Factors Engineering and Ergonomics (HFEE) is concerned with methods of planning occupations, machines, tasks, and workplaces, so they are viable with human limits and impediments.
The HFEE practitioner is called upon both to apply existing human performance knowledge to the structure or alteration of hardware and to produce new trial information required for the design.
The M.S. degree in the HFEE option accentuates both methodology and content zones.
Foundation coursework incorporates a point by point investigation of existing examination, structure, and assessment techniques that are proper to human components designing and ergonomics.
Also, content courses incorporate sensory ergonomics managing tactile capacities and constraints of people, physical ergonomics managing biomechanics and work physiology, psychological ergonomics managing human data handling, and macroergonomics managing bunch measures.
This course work is enhanced by supporting courses in an assortment of human components building and ergonomic application regions, including hear-able correspondence, PC shows, modern wellbeing, preparing, and transportation frameworks.
Accentuation is set upon explicit substance region courses and elective courses in the student's area of intrigue.
Those students are seeking postulation lead research under the immediate direction of an HFEE employee.
Every human element designing and ergonomics M.S. Advisory Committee must have at any rate two current HFEE full-time instructional workforces, and the director or co-executive must be a current HFEE full-time instructional staff.
The rest of the individuals from the Advisory Committee might be showing individuals from the human components and ergonomics personnel or might be from different alternatives in Industrial and Systems Engineering, other sorts of positions, various offices, or from different associations giving they meet doctoral level college prerequisites for qualification.
Each student ought to have the option to show fundamental PC capability.
Students who have recently taken courses identical to those shown beneath might be excluded from such necessities as decided on a course-by-course premise.
Students appeal for the replacement of these proportional courses in their Program of Study.
This request must be endorsed by the Virginia Tech teacher for the course(s) being referred to, the HFEE Option Area Coordinator, and the ISE Graduate Program Director.
ISE 3614 (pass/come up short), or an equal course took beforehand, is an HFEE graduate program necessity that must be fulfilled no later than the finish of a student's first fall semester.
In the working environment: According to Safe Work Australia, the complete economic expense of business-related wounds and sicknesses is assessed to be 60 billion dollars.
The ongoing examination has indicated that lower back agony is the world's most regular business-related incapacity – influencing workers from workplaces, building destinations, and in the highest risk category, agriculture.
Occupational health, occupational safety, engineering psychology, and human performance are all kept in view while making ergonomic choices for the most suitable working conditions.
Ergonomics intends to make private, agreeable, and gainful workspaces by bringing human factors, human capacities, and restrictions into the plan of a workspace, including the person's body size, quality, expertise, speed, tangible abilities (vision, hearing), and even attitudes.
In the more prominent populace: The number of individuals in Australia matured 75 and over is forecast to twofold throughout the following 50 years.
With this, hardware, administrations, and frameworks should be intended to oblige the expanding needs of the maturing populace, applying to open vehicles, building offices, and living spaces.
Ergonomics is a generally new part of science that praised its 50th anniversary in 1999.
However, it depends on research did in numerous other older, built-up logical territories, for example, designing, physiology, and psychology.
To accomplish the best practice plan, Ergonomists utilize the information and strategies of a few controls:
Anthropometry: body sizes, shapes; populaces and varieties
Biomechanics: muscles, switches, powers, strength
Environmental physics: commotion, light, heat, cold, radiation, vibration body frameworks: hearing, vision, sensations
Applied psychology: expertise, learning, mistakes, contrasts
Social psychology: groups, communication, learning, practices
An ergonomic cycle utilizes the principles of safety and health program to address MSD risks.
Such a process ought to be seen as a progressing capacity that is consolidated into everyday tasks, instead of as an individual project.
Finding out about ergonomics degree is to our advantage since we can make what are frequently straightforward strides and make changes right since we will dispose of long-term effects on our wellbeing and even our comfort.
The current most common office device — the cell phone — is making a wide range of ergonomic-related issues that will turn out to be more transparent after some time.
However, we don't think how negative the stance of reading and writing on a cell phone will be to our cervical vertebrae.
We're likewise being presented to high levels of blue light from our devices, which may influence our bodies in different manners.
Similarly, as there's a contrast between a concise introduction to a harmful concoction and being around it for a considerable length of time, we have to all the more likely see how the measure of time we spend on cell phones influences our bodies.
https://safetymanagementgroup.com/understanding-the-value-of-office-ergonomics/
https://www.organizationalpsychologydegrees.com/best/masters-in-human-factors-and-ergonomics/
https://ergoweb.com/university-programs-ergonomics-human-factors/
https://www.ergonomics.com.au/what-is-ergonomics/
https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/importance-ergonomics
https://www.osha.gov/ergonomics
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Not a lot of people are familiar with dual diagnosis or co-occurring disorders. So when someone finds out their loved one is struggling it, it can be rather challenging to wrap their head around it. Not only are they learning about one thing, but their learning about two simultaneously! And how they interact or influence the other! So what does someone do when they get this kind of news? What's the best way to approach and handle it, to be the best support for a loved one?
The first important step is to educate yourself about the conditions and better understand the symptoms. Sometimes your loved one's condition can affect their thoughts or views. With appropriate treatment, these thoughts and attitudes can be overcome. Even though you care so much and have good intentions, try not to lecture your loved one. It's okay to talk to them about something that's happened due to their disorder or substance abuse, but don't come off preachy. When having these conversations, enter it calmly when all parties are sober. Never use guilt to motivate someone, it's an unhealthy and manipulative approach we shouldn't take.
It's crucial you do not enable your loved one. Even if you feel bad for them and don't want them to struggle, you must stay strong. The more we enable them, the easier we make it for them to continue self-destructive behaviors. If your loved one is really struggling with addiction, they will most likely ask for money. Don't give in to their requests. Loaning a substance abuser money enables them to keep supplying their cravings.
At any point, don't ever blame yourself. Remember that your loved one has two conditions that are treatable. You didn't cause either of them, which means you can't cure them either. All you can do is give your best support and have patience. Recovery doesn't happen overnight. It's not your responsibility to make your loved one well. You can encourage them to get the professional help they need. Be sure to allow your loved one to spend all the time they need with support groups and treatment. When individuals recover, they could go through withdrawal symptoms or struggle rebalancing their moods. If you experience this with your loved one, just remember it's a part of the process and don't take it personally, be patient and understanding.
Last but not least, don't forget about yourself. Don't forget to give yourself a break once in awhile. You can't help someone else, if you're forgetting about your own wellness. With all the patience and sacrifice you're giving, it's easy to neglect your own needs. It's okay to allow yourself some distance from the stress here and there. Some people find support in support groups with others who can relate and understand your situation.
If you and/or your loved one would like professional medical help in recovering, please do not hesitate to contact us at Crownview Co-Occurring Institute. We have a team of medical professionals who will look into each patient's unique individual needs and circumstance. We provide a variety of treatment plans and options. We also offer support for friends and family as well. No one should has to struggle alone.


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Home Interviews Gael Garcia Bernal talks 'Chicuarotes' and Cannes through a director's vision
Film Festival News
Gael Garcia Bernal talks 'Chicuarotes' and Cannes through a director's vision
George Cando
Ever since Gael Garcia Bernal hit the screen with "Y Tu Mamá También," he's continually chosen film projects that he wants to do. Rather than worry about what would get his career kicking into high gear the fastest, he's followed his heart and passion which has given him more longevity in the business than most of his peers.
Now, Bernal is finding it's a lot more relaxing being at the Cannes Film Festival as a director than as an actor.
"As a director everything is done," says Garcia Bernal, whose film "Chicuarotes" is playing as an official selection but out of competition at Cannes.
"There's nothing else to do. So, I just, I don't know, let myself go. And I love the movie, I like it a lot. I like what we all did, all the collaborators did a wonderful job. And I'm proud of them and I'm happy," he said.
Thankfully, his being more relaxed made for a much more fun interview without feeling so rushed.
"Chicuarotes" follows two teenage friends in a town within Mexico City who turn to crime in an attempt to change their lives. The Mexican star says the lives of the characters are completely foreign to what he experienced growing up.
"What's so striking about the world they live in is they grew up in something that I am so far away from," he told MTTG in an interview this week. "I grew up in a very loving family and these kids (have) not. They don't have it. And I just can't understand how anyone grows up like that.
"It's like 'how do you do it?' I don't know there's something about wanting to know a person … (and) the consequences of this cycle of violence that they go through."
This is not the directorial debut for Garcia Bernal, but he is better known for his acting projects, including "The Motorcycle Diaries," "Bad Education" and "Mozart in the Jungle."
Garcia Bernal first considered making the film a decade ago but decided to put things on hold following the birth of his son.
"I had to get out from it a little bit. So, I've been revisiting it constantly and now I've ended up making it," he says.
2019 a big year for female directors but...
The film stars Daniel Giménez Cacho and Dolores Heredia, along with Benny Emmanuel, Gabriel Carbajal and Leidi Gutiérrez.
Gael Garcia said the casting was among the more complicated aspects of getting the movie done, particularly casting Emmanuel as the main character Cagalera.
"We had to find him, or rather he had to find us — rather he had to discover us because that's more or less what ended up happening," he said.
He added: "We did workshops for two years with actors and yes, it was really nice. It was wonderful."
"Chicarotes" comes back time and again to the question posed by the opening scene, whether violence is the on ly way to get things done in Mexico. It suggests, however, that violence just engenders violence and maybe there are other ways for Mexicans to live together. Could you comment?
One of the main issues or ways into the film is the open question of where violence comes from. It's hard to answer that without being too on the nose, but the film does ask how you manage to create a loving family, love within a family. Its absence is definitely one factor that makes Cagalera dead inside, someone who could end up as a petty contract killer.
In "Chicarotes," if you talk about absence, Cagalera's father is often under the influence, beats his wife Tochi and and near kills his son, Cagalera.
Yes, and the mother channels his violence through her passivity, by refusing to take action, try to change anything.
Even so, the film still gives the feeling that there is hope for Mexico, it comes from its women. Sugehili gives a sense of a younger generation that's not going to walk away from the country's problems but try to make things better. Do you see this as reflecting contemporary reality?
Absolutely, in terms of making the film, it was interesting that half of the crew were women, which came about naturally. Regarding the film itself, having a son meant I disconnected, took me to another place. When I came back to engage with the film, I wanted to find some sense of light in the narrative. That meant making the character of Sugelili more prominent, for her to be the hope. We don't know what she'll end up doing at the end of the film, but she's definitely a hope. Having seen the film recently, I think there's a sense of Greek tragedy about some of it, but at the same tome it also has a strong connection with an anti-hero Western. We root for Cagalera. The trouble with, say, the Peckinpah movies is that they don't turn anything around to offer a sense of hope [that we need nowadays]. The film combines things we've thought of and things which are consequences of the times we live in and make complete sense.
Disney ruled the 2019 box office with $13 billion
Did you write the screenplay with Augusto Mendoza?
The script was written over 10 years ago.It was a very different script. It's changed a lot but there were three things that haven't changed.First of all, Augusto's wonderful mixture of comedy and drama which you see in the opening scene. The film goes to really dark places, but with a lot of humor, rooted in day-to-day things. Then there's the context. Augusto, his family, is from San Gregorio, so you can see that in the nicknames the characters have: Cagalera, Moletco, and Chillamil, a d the way they speak. And the first scene remains. Augusto started off writing a short film about clowns that rob a bus, that why he wanted to write this script.
In terms of direction, you often move the camera around in a continuous shot rather than cutting on movement. This gives a sense of a common space, and claustrophobia, and also a clearer idea of the district, what places are where….
Yes! exactly! We wanted to create a map of the town so that we always knew where we were: the waterfront, the places around it, the mainland, and also, for example, with the kidnapping plan, to be very precise in terms of, O.K., they are doing this-and-at this time this is going to happen, and if this happens, they're going to change plans, and do this. The discipline of logic, however arbitrary, helped a lot when writing.
"Chicuarotes" comes back to a fish tank inhabited by some axolotls. They seem symbolic, amphibians which can change, raising the question as to whether Mexico itself can change as much.
Axolotls regenerate. They can live for 18 years, but never grow old, stay young and die young. They're always in a constant sort of evolution. But only one out of 100 or something gets to be a salamander.
Chicuarotes
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'Jumanji: Next Level' unfreezes 'Frozen 2' from box office top spot
Last Call 1507 as 'Supernatural" Heads Into Final Mid-Season Finale


text:
Dig into Montana Before History: 11K Years of Hunter-Gatherers in the Rockies and Plains by D. H. MacDonald, Ph.D. See our online store book collection.
Polsintoovly is posing with his buddy, Ostro.
Windows to the Universe original image
Polsintoovly
Polsintoovly, the Bird God, joined the Windows team in May of 1999. Also known as Chris Gleason, this graduate of the University of Michigan became well versed in world mythology while working on the mythology section of the site. He soon transformed into Polsintoovly, but continues to work for the project.
Polsintoovly spends the long hours keeping the Headline Universe section up to date. He's also the author of several constellation pages and is currently working on updating our missions section. He can occasionally be spotted answering Ask a Scientist questions if they're easy.
"Working for Windows to the Universe has given me the chance to become one with my fellow birds. Polsintoovly will live on forever!" He says.
In his spare time, Polsintoovly likes to play golf and video games. He's a big sports fanatic and plans to start a new sport called bird racing. He also likes to sleep.
Our online store includes fun classroom activities for you and your students. Issues of NESTA's quarterly journal, The Earth Scientist are also full of classroom activities on different topics in Earth and space science!
Polsintoovly, the Bird God, joined the Windows team in May of 1999. Also known as Chris Gleason, this graduate of the University of Michigan became well versed in world mythology while working on the mythology...more
Sandra Henderson
Hi there! I am a science educator with the Windows to the Universe project. Mostly, I work on the classroom activities and help lead our professional development efforts for teachers. It is very rewarding...more
Marina LaGrave
Ms. Marina LaGrave served as a Spanish translator on the Windows to the Universe project from ~2003 to 2010. Because she does not have an academic background in science, her translations were checked...more
Jean Pennycook
Jean has been a science teacher for 20 years. In that time she has served to promote science education and excellence at all levels encouraging students to continue a higher education and pursue science...more


There are so many SEO companies that are so tall in claim; but dwarf on deliverance. Though they get initial success by bringing miraculous results overnight by scams, they fail to make impact on clients as there rankings are just a fluke. We, at SEO Delhi do not do erroneous works; rather we put our expertise and knowledge to optimum use and provide guaranteed SEO services.
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Injured Dragons co-captain Ben Creagh is in no rush for his future to be determined as he races the clock to recover from a long-term knee injury to play again this season.
Two knee surgeries in the space of the seven weeks earlier this year has put Creagh on the shelf since the Dragons' first win of the season in Round 3.
Off-contract at season's end and just four games short of being St George Illawarra's most-capped player ever, Creagh has put any conjecture over his future to the side as he continues his rehab.
"I'm not sure I have to convince myself to play again. It's just a matter of seeing how my knee responds after all this time off and see how the body responds with this time off as well," Creagh said.
"It's not ideal when you're off-contract and thinking about retirement to make a decision but I need to wait until I'm back playing again to make a decision over my future.
"Mary (Dragons coach Paul McGregor) has been a great support to me. He's told me to take my time getting the leg right and we'll start talking contracts once I'm back playing again."
Creagh's slow recovery means he has no timeframe for his likely return. He said an infection following his first surgery had seen the muscles surrounding his knee "waste away".
"It's been a long process. The second surgery set me back a long way. You lose a lot of strength, a lot of muscle and that's what rehab is about. That and trying to get the speed and function back in my leg for it to work again properly," he said.
"I wish I had [a timeframe]. I wish I could say I was playing in three weeks but I really can't because it's week to week thing with me. It's how I progress at training and so far it's getting better but unfortunately it's a slower recovery than I would've liked."
Only points differential is keeping the Dragons out of the top eight after 16 rounds but Creagh said the Red V were building at the right time of the year.
"We haven't fired yet I don't think, especially in attack. We still haven't played one of those games where we have played perfect all across the park. We usually get one of those a season but we haven't done that yet," Creagh said.
"That's where you get plenty of confidence from those games. It does seem to be flowing a lot better in the past two weeks though.
"It's not so jerky anymore either because Benji [Marshall] and Gareth [Widdop] look more comfortable. So it's coming together at the right time of the year."


Audi has officially released the preview of 2019 Audi Q8. However, it is not coming yet to the U.S. Followers overseas will need to wait a while to delve into the brand-new front-runner crossover from the German carmaker. The fresh appearance is the major benefit for the Q8.
Availability in the U.S.A is still unidentified, in addition to the rate. We could be certain not the exact same version is concerning 2 continents. Inside and also devices will be basically the exact same. However, United States crossovers will utilize various engines, which suggests the most likely much better efficiency. Occasion the diesel system is present, although Audi is under examination with incorrect exhaust records. Lastly, the crossbreed version of the 2019 Audi Q8 can bring exhilaration to the mid-size SUV sector.
Outdoors and also within, the 2019 Audi Q8 will be really interesting. It is much shorter compared to the Q7. Lowe too. Every little thing results with 10 cubic feet much less of freight area when we contrast two-row versions. Well, the Q8 is not providing the 3rd row. It is a five-seat crossover just.
Nonetheless, all guests in the automobile will have lots of room. Likewise, its unique appearance will be positive. Costs information will make this SUV a challenging rival, also for the most elegant opponents. New infomercial system places Audi in advance of its rivals. Nevertheless, followers will not wait on as well wish for actions from BMW, Mercedes, as well as Porsche. Usually talking, every little thing is extremely just like Q7, however on the greater degree.
Outdoors, the SUV is sportier compared to its brother or sister. New bumpers and also LED lights are making it feasible. Likewise, reduced roofline will make it extra visual. Skid plates are various, along with taillights. On the back, we could detect the exhaust ideas with an oblong form. The RS version will enhance it also additionally, with bigger bumper as well as air consumptions.
The brand-new crossover will include some power to the present schedule. Well, the 2019 Audi Q8 will obtain the engine from its brother or sister, however, outcomes will make it fresh as well as amazing. It will not enter into the marketplace with a 2.0-liter engine as Q7. Designers went with the larger V-6. For older SUV, the drivetrain generates 333 hp, while the Q8 obtains additional 2 equines. Likewise, the powertrain brings 330 lb-ft of torque great for hauling capability of a minimum of 7,500 extra pounds. The power comes with an eight-speed transmission, the very same one we could locate in Q7.
Inning accordance with the initial info, the 2019 Audi Q8 Hybrid will be offered quickly after the best of the routine version. The exact same resources are informing it is a moderate arrangement with the 48V battery as well as four-wheel drive. The lithium-ion battery will enhance the efficiency of the only engine service for Q8. Besides additional power and also torque, the SUV will obtain far better gas economic climate.
Audi is functioning quickly after the launch of unique variations of the crossover. This time around, we captured evaluating the 2019 Audi Q8 RS design. First photos showed up some while earlier. However, the current spy shots are revealing a progression. The growth rate of the RS design is really quick, as well as currently we see the SUV with some production-ready components and also without hefty camouflage. Nevertheless, there is still space for enhancements. Additionally, we should learn even more information concerning the engine as well as specifications.
It is most likely that 4.0-liter twin-turbo V- is the preferred to take a placement under the hood. The drivetrain will intend 500 hp outcome, however, it could additionally handle Lamborghini Urus as well as its 650 hp.
Several aesthetic information is one-of-a-kind. Not just that outside is obtaining a therapy by means of, as an example, larger wheels, yet likewise the cabin. Control panel with a lot of touchscreens, natural leather seats, costs sound, are simply a few of several enhancements.
The 2019 Audi Q8 is coming. Nevertheless, the day of the best in the United States is still unsure. Nevertheless, followers in this component of the globe are not most likely to wait on every one of this to come to be authorities. By the end of 2018, the crossover will be out.
Specialists are rather certain that the 2019 Audi Q8 will feature the cost of $60,000. There is no a great deal of alternatives for this version. The significant upgrade has the RS variation. It will enhance the rate to $80,000.


text:
Meta wants you to feel the metaverse with high-tech haptic gloves
Meta's head of research discusses the latest prototypes and why feeling is the next frontier.
Scott Stein
Nov. 16, 2021 10:00 a.m. PT
A haptic glove research prototype from Reality Labs Research.
Meta Reality Labs Research
VR visuals can only look so good, given current display technology, and we may already be approaching their limit. But what about our other senses? Facebook parent Meta's dream of an immersive metaverse makes big promises, but current VR interactivity is limited. The Oculus Quest's controllers, for example, still feel more appropriate for gaming than work. After immersive video, mixed reality, face tracking and spatial audio, haptic feedback could be the next frontier. Details of Meta's latest prototype hardware show where the research is heading.
The idea of slip-on vibrating gloves that let you feel the virtual world has been part of our sci-fi vision of VR for a long time. Meta's research arm has been working on haptic gloves for seven years, and even now the gloves that have been developed aren't yet portable. But they could be someday.
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I didn't get a chance to try Meta's prototype myself, but Sean Keller, the company's Reality Labs research director, and Michael Abrash, its chief scientist, talked me through recent developments. They explained why haptics are so important to Meta and where this all fits into the future of AR smart glasses.
Now playing: Watch this: Meta's future vision for VR haptic gloves
Gloves made of... bladders?
Meta's prototype inflatable-bladder gloves are a step towards what could eventually become a pair of consumer gloves. A new look at the tech, though, shows that it'll be some time before we see them bundled with a Quest VR headset successor.
The latest glove designs use microfluidics to push air through a series of bladders across the gloves, which is less conceptually challenging than filling a pair of gloves with lots of little motors. It's an odd idea, like Meta's version of a Dune stillsuit for your hands.
"Literally, we're changing the stiffness of the material," says Keller. "We have ones that use air to move something across your fingertip up and down, or laterally and inward -- that helps you create that shearing force -- and ones that are little bladders that create pressure."
Miniaturizing pneumatic actuators (pictured), which use air pressure to create force.
Image courtesy of Meta
But Meta's confident that the haptics can do things at a level that hasn't been possible before. Facebook Reality Labs Research tried a demo in 2017 that created the sensation of dropping balls made of different materials on your outstretched fingers. The wooden ball felt different than the marble ball and the squishy foam ball. The illusion is a combination of hundreds of pressure-applying bladders (pneumatic actuators), and the visual inputs from VR. According to Michael Abrash, it just wouldn't work the same way on a 2D screen, making this tech specific to AR and VR.
This tech exists in a lab now, but Meta's research indicates a need for a whole haptics rendering engine. It's reminiscent of how the PlayStation 5's DualSense controller has needed to develop new ways of creating immersive haptics, but on a larger and more complex scale.
"I've got all these bladders and things on my hands, they've got tubes. And the next one, I'm going to have 10 times more. It becomes a huge problem from a systems perspective, you can't solve it without someday building something like microfluidic microprocessors," says Keller.
Meta is working on ways of creating the right materials for durability, too, so the gloves could actually be worn somewhere. But for right now, the gloves are purely in research mode.
A 2017 experiment used a fingertip to device provide haptic feedback as a series of virtual spheres made from different materials — wood, marble, foam — fell from the sky in VR.
Touch as a way of conjuring tools
Based on Meta's demonstrated demo concepts, a lot of the uses for haptic gloves right now look like simulations of hand-based activities: playing Jenga, thumb-wrestling or picking up objects. A lot of these ideas already are sort of possible with hand tracking, just minus the physical feedback.
Where Michael Abrash sees the tech making a big difference is in simulating virtual tools. Typing on a keyboard, or holding a sculpting tool or a brush that isn't actually there, could mean that haptics finally make the idea of working in VR less awkward. Of course, for now, that would also mean wearing big, strange gloves that are tethered with cables and tubes, which is equally awkward.
"The question becomes, how well can the gloves emulate the tools? And I don't know the answer to that yet," Abrash says. "A virtual keyboard could move with your hands, so as you're typing, if you drift around a little, we can still infer what you were meaning to type."
An earlier haptic glove research prototype.
Smart glasses won't use haptic gloves (not now, at least)
Abrash doesn't expect to see haptic gloves being used all the time with smart glasses; instead, the company's been working on electromyography. EMG uses wrist-based bands that can sense motor neuron signals, turning them into gestures and controls. Meta's already laid out a roadmap for where that tech might be going. Those bands will use wrist vibrations for feedback, but Meta's full haptic glove research could dovetail and lead to products that are a fusion of both.
Abrash sees the haptic gloves and neural input as being a feedback loop that could make invisible tools work. But that combination of tech is still theoretical: right now, Meta's just closing in on making the haptics feel convincing.
"One gap with EMG is that it's unidirectional, you are sending signals, but there's no feedback," Abrash says. "What you can imagine is you combine EMG and gloves. And the point is not to literally emulate your hand. The point is that your hand is now a surface to provide feedback on."
But EMG is now closer to showing up in real tech, while haptic gloves are still stuck in the testing lab. "We'll probably have one input system that we'll just use all the time. I have no idea what it is, it could be everybody puts on their gloves in the morning, just like Victorians did -- you wear your gloves all day, and it has EMG as well," Abrash says. "But EMG is this very powerful channel for your mind to express its desires in a way that is completely frictionless. And to me in AR, it's just kind of hard to imagine how we're going to beat that in any near timeframe. It's technology that is on its way to product -- I can't tell you when, but it's not a 10-year thing. With haptic gloves, it is a research thing. And I can't tell you when it'll ship: It might be a 10-year thing. And it really addresses a different set of needs. It's not a way to express commands, it's a way to actually act in the world."
Meta sees EMG as something that will soon make its way into people's homes, in other words. But we won't see haptic gloves so soon.
Sean Keller leads AR and VR interaction and input research at Reality Labs Research.
The metaverse seems close, but it's not fully here yet
Abrash says his research group is focused on much farther-off goals than what Meta's consumer products team is working on, and we shouldn't expect to see haptic gloves around the corner. But he sees much of Meta's vision as a work in progress, and haptics and future inputs are a big part of that.
"We have been building, for over seven years, the pillars that any version of the metaverse will have to be built on," Abrash says of his further-off work in relation to Mark Zuckerberg's recent metaverse promises. "If we had good enough avatars right now, you and I might be doing this [chat] in VR, right? We're just building that underlying technology that the metaverse can be built on, and that's what we've always been doing. So the metaverse conversation in public came along, and my feeling was, "Great, I'm glad the world's catching up, it's a good thing we've been preparing for this."
VR/AR Productivity Oculus Meta Virtual Reality Augmented reality (AR) Facebook


Los Angeles interdisciplinary studio Morphosis completes the Kolon One & Only Tower – a high-performance building with a striking exoskeleton – in Seoul's Magok district.
In South Korea, Kolon Industries is best known for its outdoors products – most prominently, its range of technical hiking apparel. But dig deeper, and the company produces a wide range of materials, many not targeted at consumers: it creates industrial materials, chemicals, film and electronics parts. So when Kolon, a portmanteau for Korean Nylon, needed a new, innovative home for its 38 divisions – many of which require labs, social spaces and administrative areas – it turned to Los Angeles interdisciplinary studio Morphosis.
Morphosis was tasked with creating a tower that would be the first in Magok, a neighbourhood in Seoul's southwest that the city is developing into a light industry and tech-focused mini-city. (Its soon-to-be tenants also include some of the nation's biggest companies, like ubiquitous food brand Lotte and electronics giant LG.) The firm delivered the Kolon One & Only Tower, a stunning 820,000-square-foot research and development facility that is unabashedly futuristic while minimizing its energy load and maximizing the well-being of employees.
Built on a five-acre plot, the building fuses two forms: a glass box, which contains offices, and a folded volume that houses laboratories. Let's start with the most dramatic feature: the folded volume, which is defined by a sharktooth exoskeleton that's part Zaha Hadid, part stormtrooper. Located on the west side of the building, the skin is actually a brise-soleil made from a series of parametric sunshades; they are constructed from Kolon's proprietary fibre-reinforced polymer. The sunshades provide a mesh-like facade that the firm says is "analagous to woven fabric," providing both shading and views. Hidden support structures allow the skin to seemingly hover atop the glazing below.
The entire folded volume, which will house a flagship Colon store and exhibition spaces at its base, gestures to Magok's central park, which Seoul hopes will become the heart of the emerging district.
Roughly 15 per cent of the building, or 123,000 square feet, is devoted to employee well-being, and that's evident from the moment one steps inside the One & Only Tower. The building's 100-metre-long, 40-metre-high transparent atrium serves as a central social space. As workers filter into the atrium from street level or the offices above, the atrium will accommodate gathering and collaboration among employees in the company's many departments.
The atrium is framed by a dramatic installation made from 400 eight-metre panels of Kolon fabric.
The atrium's ample daylight and folded skin allow the building to reduce its cooling loads and the need for artificial lighting. In its quest for LEED Gold Certification, Morphosis topped off the One & Only Tower with a green roof and photovoltaic panels, incorporated recycled materials wherever possible and constructed the building using bubble deck slabs. The latter technology, one of many that is making concrete more sustainable, uses plastic balls to reinforce the material; in using bubble deck slabs, Morphosis was able to reduce its concrete usage by 30 per cent.
We'll see if the Magok district follows in the One & Only Tower's steps.


text:
The Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate ( ) is one of 16  governorates of Palestine. It covers a large part of the central West Bank, on the northern border of the Jerusalem Governorate. Its district capital or muhfaza (seat) is the city of al-Bireh.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the district had a population of 279,730 in 2007. Its governor is Dr Laila Ghannam, the first female governor.

Localities
According to PCBS, the governorate has 78 localities, including refugee camps, in its jurisdiction. 13 localities have the status of municipality.

Cities
Al-Bireh: 45,975
Ramallah: 38,998
Beitunia: 26,604
Rawabi: 710

Municipalities
The following localities in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate have populations over 5,000.

Bani Zeid
Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya
Beit Liqya
Bir Zeit
Deir Ammar
Deir Dibwan
Deir Jarir
al-Ittihad
Kharbatha al-Misbah
al-Mazra'a ash-Sharqiya
Ni'lin
Silwad
Sinjil
Turmus Ayya
al-Zaitounah

Village councils
The following localities in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate have populations of over 1,000.

Aboud
Abu Qash
Abwein
Ajjul
'Atara
Beitin
Bil'in
Beit Rima
Beit Sira
Beit Ur al-Fauqa
Beit Ur al-Tahta
Beitillu
Budrus
Burqa
Deir Ibzi
Deir Abu Mash'al
Deir Qaddis
Deir as-Sudan
Dura al-Qar
Ein 'Arik
Ein Qiniya
Ein Yabrud
al-Janiya
Jifna
Kafr Ein
Kafr Malik
Kafr Nima
Khirbet Abu Falah
Kobar
al-Lubban al-Gharbi
Mazra'a ash-Sharqiya
al-Midya
al-Mughayyir
Nabi Salih
Qarawat Bani Zeid
Qibya
Rammun
Rantis
Ras Karkar
Saffa
Shuqba
Surda
Taybeh
At-Tira

Refugee camps
Am'ari
Qalandia
Jalazone

See also
 Governorates of Palestine

References

Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority in the West Bank

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Door County events, Nov. 18 to Dec. 2
Send your organization's events and activities to advocate@doorcountyadvocate.com or P.O. Box 130, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235, preferably two weeks in advance but no later than noon Monday for the Wednesday edition or noon Thursday for the Saturday edition.
CHRISTMAS BY THE BAY HOLIDAY PARADE, 9:15 a.m. parade lineup at Sawyer Park, Sturgeon Bay. Parade, 10 a.m. Route: Oak Street, Madison Avenue, crosses Oregon Street Bridge, down Third Avenue, ends at Third Avenue and Jefferson Street intersection. 920-743-6246.
Nov. 18-19
STURGEON BAY ART CRAWL, 10 a.m.-4 p.m. Nov. 18-19 at 20 studios and galleries. Art and refreshments at each site. A printable map of locations available at sturgeonbaystudios.com, or call 920-743-9257.
Nov. 18, 25
CHILDREN'S CHRISTMAS STORES, 10:30 a.m.-2 p.m. Nov. 18, Bay View Lutheran Church, 340 W. Maple St., Sturgeon Bay; and 11:30 a.m.-2 p.m. Nov. 25, Bertschinger Center, 7600 State 42, Egg Harbor. Children's stores, sponsored by Door County 4H, offer low-cost gift-buying experience with assistance from a volunteer elf. 920-746-2260.
SEVASTOPOL ARTS AND CRAFT FAIR, 9 a.m.-3 p.m. Nov. 19, Sevastopol School, 4550 State 57, Sturgeon Bay. Lunch and bake sale. Free admission. Sevastopol Music, Art and Theater Guild fundraiser for scholarships and grants. 920-333-0418.
POLKA DANCE, 1-5 p.m. Nov. 19, JD's Saloon & Hall, 1315 County C, Brussels. (Formerly Coun's C-Club). Music by Mark Jirikovec Band. (920) 825-7149.
HARDY GALLERY HOLIDAY ONLINE AUCTION FUNDRAISER, noon Nov. 19 to 8 p.m. Nov. 26, The Hardy Gallery, Ephraim. Vendors donated gifts to sell on this auction site. 920-854-2210 or email info@thehardy.org.
Monday, Nov. 20
TOPS (Take Off Pounds Sensibly) No. 510, 5:15-4:45 p.m. weigh-in, meeting until 6:30 p.m. Mondays, Sturgeon Bay Moravian Church, 323 S. Fifth Ave. Use handicap entrance. Candy, 920-746-0555, or Sandy, 920-743-4272.
JOB CLUB, 1 p.m. Mondays, We Are HOPE, 1300 Egg Harbor Road, Suite 124, Sturgeon Bay. Job seekers discuss new job opportunities, employment search techniques, challenges and share job leads. Employment specialist discusses job search process strategies. Hosted by the Door County Job Center. wearehopeinc.org/Events.aspx.
COMMUNITY PLAYGROUP, 10:30 a.m.- noon Mondays, Sturgeon Bay Moravian Church, 323 S. Fifth Ave. Kathy, 920-559-0200.
Deadline: Nov. 21
MASTER GARDENER VOLUNTEER TRAINING APPLICATIONS, Volunteers receive training at The Garden Door at the UW Peninsula Research Station, Sturgeon Bay. Apply now to enroll in the Wisconsin Master Gardener training program. Fro details, visit dcmga.org, and click on the "Become a MG" tab. Email questions to kemps99@msn.com.
TOGETHER TUESDAYS, 9:30-10:30 a.m. Tuesdays, YMCA Social Lounge, 1900 Michigan St., Sturgeon Bay. Light breakfast. Members are asked to bring a treat on the first Tuesday of the month. A birthday celebration on the last Tuesday of the month. Free. 920-743-4949
NORTHERN DOOR COUNTY AL-ANON FAMILY MEETING, 6:30 p.m. Tuesdays. Call 920-868-3874 or 493-6300 for location and details.
COMPUTER SKILLS CLUB, 10 a.m. Tuesdays, We Are HOPE, 1300 Egg Harbor Road, Suite 124, Sturgeon Bay. Hosted by the Door County Job Center. wearehopeinc.org/Events.aspx.
MOVIES THAT MATTER: "IVORY TOWER": 4:30 p.m. Nov. 21, Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of Door County, 10341 Water St., Ephraim.
WISDOM WEDNESDAYS, 10-11 a.m. Nov. 22, Northern Door Program Center, 3866 Gibraltar Road, Fish Creek. Nathan Drager of Quantum PC Services shares Basics on internet and cyber security.920-868-3660.
TOPS (Take Off Pounds Sensibly) No. 1335, 3:30 p.m. weigh-ins, 4 p.m. meeting Wednesdays, Prince of Peace Church, Oasis room, 1756 Michigan St., Sturgeon Bay. Carolyn, 920-493-5081, or Arby, 920-743-6060.
ZUMBA CLASS, 5-6 p.m. Wednesdays through Dec. 21, Sister Bay Village Hall, 10693 State 42, Sister Bay. Free for village of Sister Bay residents/guests and YMCA members, $5 if only one criteria is met, $10 for nonmembers and nonresidents. Led by Chandra Johnson. No registration required. 920-868-3660.
OVEREATERS ANONYMOUS, 8:30 a.m. Fridays, Ephraim Moravian Church, 9970 Moravia St. Joan, 920-854-4001.
HOLIDAY ART FAIR, 10 a.m.-4 p.m. Nov. 24-25, Sister Bay Village Hall. Arts, crafts and unique, handmade gifts. Lunch served, 11:30 a.m.-2 p.m. Sponsored by Friends of Gibraltar. Vinni Chomeau, 920-868-3284, Ext. 205, or email Vinni.chomeau@gibraltar.k12.wi.us.
HOLIDAY OPEN HOUSE IN ELLISON BAY, 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Nov. 24-25, Turtle Ridge Gallery, 11736 Mink River Road; and Gills Rock Pottery, 2020 Lakeview Rd, Ellison Bay. And 10 a.m.-4 p.m. Nov. 24-25 Ellison Bay Pottery, 12156 Garrett Bay Road. Art and handmade items.
BIG MOUTH AND THE POWER TOOL HORNS, JANET PLANET, STEVE MARCH-TORMÉ, 7 p.m. Nov. 25, DCA, 3926 State 42, Fish Creek. Tickets $20 to $28, or $10 students 18 and under. Reservations recommended, 920-868-2728, or dcauditorium.org.
"THE WONDER BREAD YEARS" COMEDY, 7 p.m. Nov. 25, Southern Door Community Auditorium, Brussels. One-man show highlights American family upbringing. Stars Pat Hazel, writer from Seinfeld. $15 adults, $12 seniors, $10 children. (920) 493-5979, southerndoorauditorium.org.
Nov. 25, Dec. 2
MERRY-TIME FESTIVAL OF TREES KIDS' DAY: 10:30 a.m.-3:30 p.m. Nov. 25, The Door County Maritime Museum, 120 N. Madison Ave., Sturgeon Bay. Holiday tree exhibit. Children's raffle, a scavenger hunt, elf trivia, pumpkin tic-tac-toe, bean bag toss games, cookie decorating, crafts and skilled face painters. 10 a.m.-1 p.m. Dec. 2, visit with Santa on the tug John Purve. Randy Peterson performs Christmas favorites. Author Sue Jarosh book signing, 10 a.m.-2 p.m. Children's raffle, Christmas videos. For details, visit dcmm.org.
PENINSULA PARK HIKES, 10-10:45 a.m. Nov. 24, and noon-3 p.m. Nov. 25, Peninsula State Park, Fish Creek. Naturalist guides the Evergreen Trail Hike, 10 a.m. Nov. 24. Self-guided hike on the Reindeer trail, a half-mile woodsy walk, at noon Nov. 25. Hikes are free but park sticker required. 920-868-3258.
RED CROSS BLOOD DRIVE, 9 am.-2 p.m. Nov. 28, Sturgeon Bay High School, 1230 Michigan St., Sturgeon Bay. For appointment, visit redcrossblood.org or call 1-800-733-2767.
WISDOM WEDNESDAYS, 9:50-10:50 a.m. Nov. 29, Sturgeon Bay Program Center, 1900 Michigan St. Tom Beerntsen discusses the direction of the Door County YMCA. 920-743-4949.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SUPPORT GROUP, 5-6 p.m. Nov. 29 and alternate Wednesdays, HELP of Door County, 219 Green Bay Road, Sturgeon Bay. 920-743-8785.
COOKIE WALK, 9:15 a.m. cookie cafe opens, 10 a.m. cookie walk Dec. 2 until sold out, Bay View Lutheran Church, 340 W. Maple St., Sturgeon Bay. Choose from a variety of cookies for Christmas. 920-743-4705.
BIRCH CREEK CHRISTMAS AROUND THE WORLD CONCERTS, 2:30 and 7 p.m. Dec. 2, Birch Creek Music Performance Center, 3821 County E, Egg Harbor. Free tickets for age 11 and younger for matinee, if reserved. 920-868-3763, birchcreek.org/tickets.
CHRISTMAS IN THE VILLAGE, 11 am.-2 p.m. Dec. 2, Ephraim Moravian Church, 9970 Moravia St. Make a wreath, wrap candles, tour the church, bake sale.


Z39.50. Despite certain nominative similarities, it's not a robot from that other blockbuster of the summer, Star Wars: The Phantom Menace, but rather the cuddly and approachable name for an important standard of relevance to many working with information resources in a distributed environment. In this particular summer blockbuster (Ariadne, to which I'm sure many readers frequently refer in the same paragraph as Star Wars), I'll attempt to remove some of the mystique surrounding this much-maligned standard, and illustrate some of what it can be used for.
The current version of Z39.50 is more properly known as North American standard ANSI/NISO Z39.50-1995, Information Retrieval (Z39.50): Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification , or as the matching international standard ISO 23950:1998, Information and documentation — Information retrieval (Z39.50) — Application service definition and protocol specification. The current release is version 3 of the ANSI/NISO standard, and dates back to 1995. Version 3 is the dominant version of Z39.50 utilized in Europe, although a number of North American sites continue to use the earlier version 2.
The formal home of the standard is the Z39.50 Maintenance Agency , hosted by the United States' Library of Congress . Continued development takes place within an informal group of implementors and developers known as the Z39.50 Implementors Group, or ZIG. The work of the ZIG is progressed on an active mailing list , and through two or three face-to-face meetings each year, the most recent of which was held in Stockholm in August 1999. These meetings are open to all, with the next one scheduled for January 2000 in San Antonio, Texas .
Despite a common misconception to the contrary, Z39.50 is not simply used by libraries, although the library sector is one with a clear and long-held need for Z39.50-type functionality. In the cultural heritage sector, for example, the Consortium for the Computer Interchange of Museum Information (CIMI) worked to develop a Profile meeting the needs of cultural heritage practitioners . In the world of government and community information, too, the Government Information Locator Service (GILS) Profile  makes use of Z39.50 to link a wide range of resources internationally.
There is a huge amount of information available on the web relating to Z39.50. A basic search for the term on 6 September produced a daunting 2,863 hits from Alta Vista , a scary 23,002 from Northern Light , and a positively mind-numbing 27,651 from FAST . See Phil Bradley's Search Engine article  in this issue for some more information on these search engines. It is, of course, difficult to navigate meaningfully through such a mountain of information, but two sites repeatedly prove useful first stops. These are the Maintenance Agency's own web site , and Dan Brickley's Z39.50 Resources page at ILRT . Biblio Tech Review's technical briefing on Z39.50  is also valuable, especially as an overview.
Z39.50 is designed to enable communication between computer systems such as those used to manage library catalogues. This communication could be between a cataloguer's PC (or an OPAC terminal in public use) and the library catalogue itself, running on a Unix server in the basement, and equally it could be between a user browsing the web from Hull (East Yorkshire), a library OPAC in Hull (Quebec), a GILS database in Hull (Florida), and a museum collection management system in Hull (Texas)! Although the former is undeniably useful to those individuals who have to update things such as library catalogues, it is the latter application and others like it which represents much of the potential of Z39.50 in today's distributed network environment.
Real examples of this type of distributed search include the Gateway to the Arts & Humanities Data Service  in the UK, and the Melvyl® system of the University of California .
The AHDS Gateway , physically based in London, uses Z39.50 to query five totally different databases containing information on archaeology (York), history (Colchester), the performing arts (Glasgow), the visual arts (Newcastle), and textual studies (Oxford). The databases describe different data types according to different cataloguing standards. They are driven by different database management software and run on a variety of hardware platforms. Nevertheless, despite these differences, the combination of Z39.50 and Dublin Core elements is sufficient to enable meaningful searches across the five sites.
The results of a query across the services are summarized and presented to the user as shown in Figure 2. The status bar at the bottom of this figure illustrates progress of the query against each of the five targets. In the case shown here, both the Archaeology Data Service and Performing Arts Data Service have yet to respond.
...(the) tenth library for the University of California (UC). A collaborative effort of the UC campuses, organizationally housed at the University of California Office of the President, it is responsible for the design, creation, and implementation of systems that support the shared collections of the University of California.
Both Melvyl® and the AHDS Gateway make use of Z39.50 in order to create a single, virtual, resource. In both cases, the data themselves remain distributed and under the control of those with the knowledge and expertise to most effectively maintain, update, and add to the resources already present. By using Z39.50, these obvious benefits of distributed data management are combined with the equally valuable benefits of unified data access, which allows the user to submit a single search across multiple resources, regardless of their physical proximity to one another or to the user.
Like a large number of other applications of Z39.50, the technology is effectively hidden from the user in both these examples; despite what the informational screens on the web sites might say, so far as the user is concerned they're simply searching one great big database. Z39.50 also crops up behind a large number of other services with which readers may be familiar, although some are possibly more unexpected than others. The United Kingdom's JISC-funded Mirror Service , for example, makes use of Z39.50 internally in managing the services that it mirrors. This increasing invisibility of Z39.50 is all very well for the end user, but makes it difficult to sell to people who will all too often claim that Z39.50 isn't used any more. It most definitely is. Developers have simply become good — possibly too good, given their need to raise awareness in order to sell future products? — at hiding it.
Z39.50 follows what is known in Computing as a client/server model, where one computer (the client or, in Z39.50 parlance, the 'Origin') submits a request to another computer (the server or, to Z39.50, the 'Target') which then services the request and returns some kind of answer. As we saw above with queries being sent to multiple databases simultaneously, there can be more than one server/target, although the user will normally only be sat in front of one client/origin at any given time.
Z39.50 is divided into eleven basic structural blocks, known as Facilities. These Facilities comprise Initialization, Search, Retrieval, Result-set-delete, Browse, Sort, Access Control, Accounting/ Resource Control, Explain, Extended Services, and Termination. Each Facility is divided into one or more Services, and it is these Services that people usually talk about. A Service facilitates a particular type of operation between the Origin and the Target, and Z39.50 applications select those Services which will be needed in order for them to fulfil their function. Of all the Services, the three most basic are Initialization (Init), Search, and Present, and all of these should be found in the majority of Z39.50 applications.
Init is the first step in any query process, and involves the Origin making itself known to the Target, and agreeing a few 'ground rules' for the manner in which subsequent queries will be handled. Systems which require passwords will also exchange authentication details at this stage.
Search is where the majority of the work is done, as it is this Service which enables the Origin to submit queries to the Target. These queries may range from the very simple right up to quite complex Boolean queries (AND, OR, NOT, >, <, etc.). Although Profiles (see below) often make statements about the Services to be supported by any conformant application, the bulk of many Profiles is given over to specifying the attribute combinations for meaningful use of Search.
Present is used to control the manner in which results are returned to the user. Within Present, a user could ask for the first ten records of a large result set, or request that the data be returned in a different Record Syntax; UKMARC instead of USMARC, for example.
Although these are the main Services, there are a further ten, summarized below. More detail may be found in Section 3.2 of the ANSI/NISO document for Z39.50 version 3 .
Simplifying hugely, Init might be seen as a greeting from the Origin ("Hello, do you speak English?") and a related response from the Target ("Hello. Yes, I do. Let's talk"). Without this positive two-way dialogue, the session cannot proceed.
A Search request is then transmitted from the Origin ("OK — can I have everything you've got about a place called 'Bath'?"), and is responded to by the Target ("I've got 25 records matching your request, and here are the first five. As you didn't specify anything else, I've sent them to you in MARC format, so I hope that's OK").
Finally, the Origin uses Present to ask for the data they want ("25, eh? Can I have the first ten, please. Oh, and I don't really like MARC. If you can send me some Dublin Core that would be great, and if not I'll settle for some unstructured text (SUTRS)"), resulting in the transmission of the records themselves from the Target.
That's all very well, and probably even appears pretty straightforward. However, there's just a little more that needs to be covered before you can join the ranks of the Z-cognoscenti.
The manner in which the Search process is governed is closely linked to the Attribute Sets being used by both Origin and Target. An Attribute Set is, as the name suggests, a set of attributes. Each of these attributes can have one of several values, and these values govern the manner in which a search proceeds.
Perhaps the best known Attribute Set is Bib-1 , an Attribute Set originally designed for bibliographic resources but now commonly used for a wide range of applications.
Truncation Attributes, which define which part of the value stored in an index is to be searched (the beginning of any word in the field, the end of any word in the field, etc.). i.e. on a search for 'Smith', does the stored value start with 'Smith', end with 'Smith', or something else entirely?
Completeness Attributes, which specify whether or not a search term can be the only value in an index.
Attention normally only focuses upon discussion of Use Attributes, but it is important to correctly set values for the other five attribute types as well if a search is to have maximum value. These other attribute types are frequently interpreted differently by the suppliers and specifiers of Z39.50 systems, making it difficult for users to interoperate with 'unknown' systems from a vendor with which they are unfamiliar. Work on Profiles such as the Bath Profile (see below) has gone some way towards standardizing the setting of all these attribute types, thus increasing the likelihood of reliable searches across a wide range of Z39.50 systems.
Once the user has undertaken a search, and discovered that there are a number of records meeting their search criteria, the next decision to be made is how the data are transmitted back for display. Z39.50 has a notion of Record Syntaxes, and the Origin is able to request that data be transmitted in one of these Syntaxes. If the Target is able to comply, it will do so. If it cannot, it is possible for the Target to send the records back in some other format that it is capable of.
Given the widespread adoption of Z39.50 in the library world, almost every Z39.50 Origin or Target is capable of handling at least one of the flavours of MARC. USMARC is commonly supported, often with regional support for UKMARC, DANMARC, AUSMARC and others, depending upon where the vendor is based, and who they see as their key market.
Z39.50 is not simply used for transferring MARC records, and other Record Syntaxes exist to meet a variety of other requirements. These syntaxes include SUTRS (Simple Unstructured Text Record Syntax; a raw ASCII text file, lacking in any formatting or structure), GRS-1 (Generic Record Syntax; a flexible structure within which almost any database structure can be replicated), and XML (the World Wide Web Consortium's eXtensible Markup Language; another flexible structure, and one with which web applications and developers will be familiar).
Profiles in Z39.50 tend to be used in order to gather a particular suite of Attributes, Record Syntaxes, and other factors together in order to meet the needs of a particular community, whether that be subject, area, or application based.
As can be seen from the Maintenance Agency's list , Profiles span a wide range of task areas, including a Profile for the Geospatial community, one for Government Information, one for the Cultural Heritage sector, and others. These Profiles are often developed within the community with a requirement for them, with the ZIG and the Maintenance Agency serving in an advisory and support role.
As mentioned above, the Bib-1 Attribute Set was originally intended for use in searches for bibliographic resources such as books. Over the years, however, other communities have increased their use of Z39.50, and have tended to add new Use Attributes to Bib-1, rather than creating wholly new Attribute Sets. This gradual accretion of Use Attributes into Bib-1, together with a number of overlaps between this Attribute Set and those few which had been created by other communities led members of the ZIG to realize that a restructuring was called for before matters became any more complex.
The new Attribute Architecture  attempts to solve these, and other, problems by recognizing that certain collections of Attributes are likely to be common to many applications, whilst others will be quite specialist and specific. It is intended that the commonly used attributes should be collected together in new core Attribute Sets which can be used by all applications, regardless of the area in which they are focused. These applications can then add functionality from localized and domain-specific Attribute Sets without duplicating the common functions offered by the core sets.
A lot of work remains to be done on the Attribute Architecture, but two key components are now more or less complete. These are the Utility Attribute Set , which relates to the description of records, and the Cross Domain Attribute Set , which relates to the description of the resources those records describe.
Despite ongoing work by a number of vendors (e.g. Hammer, pers comm.), it seems likely that the new Attribute Architecture will take a number of years to establish itself and to become fully integrated within a new generation of tools.
Given the range of functions for which it was designed, Z39.50 is likely to play an important role in the initial phases of the Distributed National Electronic Resource (DNER) being constructed in the UK by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).
This DNER is seeking to link existing services for the Higher Education Community (such as AHDS, the Data Centres at Edinburgh, Bath, and Manchester, the Electronic Libraries' Programme Clumps and Hybrid Libraries, etc.) in order that users both gain a greater awareness of the range of resources available to them and gain enhanced access to the contents of those resources. The DNER will also seek to provide access to resources from beyond the UK Higher Education community.
The resources to be linked by the DNER are highly diverse, and Z39.50 currently appears to be the only viable means by which access to as many of them as possible can be achieved. Under this model, the individual resources would be associated with a Z39.50 Target. Origins such as the one already in place for the AHDS  could be established at a variety of levels, perhaps including nationally (a JISC Gateway to its content), by faculty (the AHDS model), by data type (a Gateway to moving image data), and locally (the University of Hull's Gateway to services it has bought access to, whether within the DNER or independently from suppliers such as SilverPlatter).
As has been mentioned, above, there is a wide range of Profiles available to cover some of the services making up the DNER. There is also room for interpretation within and between these Profiles as to how certain Attribute Types are best handled for particular queries. Such ambiguity makes a model like that proposed for the DNER extremely difficult to implement without a high degree of communication and control between participants. An evolving development known as the Bath Profile, however, offers a means by which the DNER's needs can be met; every conformant Origin and Target will, to a certain degree, be visible to every other conformant Origin and Target, and queries will be formulated and responded to in a standardized manner with the result that users can place greater reliance upon the answers being returned. Adoption of the Bath Profile does not prevent Origins and Targets also making use of other Profiles more closely related to their particular community or data form.
This Profile, currently known as The Bath Profile: An International Z39.50 Specification for Library Applications and Resource Discovery has been evolving for some time under the guidance of Carrol Lunau at the National Library of Canada.
It specifically addresses the need for a relatively simple Profile in which the values of all Attribute Types are closely regulated, such that all conformant systems may be expected to behave in a particular manner in response to a small number of defined query types. The Profile is suitable both for library applications and for searches across a number of non-bibliographic domains.
Long-running discussion on the ZIP-PIZ-L mailing list and in a series of teleconferences culminated in a meeting held in Bath during August of 1999 . At this meeting, the authors of a range of existing Profiles gathered along with a number of vendor representatives and finalised their ideas on the Profile. It is currently expected that a draft of the Profile will be made widely available for comment towards the end of September 1999, and this draft will be announced on various electronic mailing lists once it is ready, as well as being linked to the meeting web site . A number of those present at the meeting have already stated that the Profiles for which they are responsible will be modified to align directly with the Bath Profile. In these cases, the Bath Profile will become the core of a larger Profile which will also include extra functionality to meet local requirements.
Z39.50 is often attacked on a variety of levels by those who see it as overly complex, old fashioned, not sufficiently web-like, or simply no match for the latest 'great idea' (currently, this 'great idea' is usually cited as being some combination of XML and RDF). It is undoubtedly true that Z39.50 has quirks and limitations, some of which have been outlined in this paper. This is true, though, of most standards, and the very fact that Z39.50 has been extensively used for long enough to be criticized as old fashioned is surely a testament both to its robustness and to the lack of any viable alternative.
New technologies such as XML and RDF certainly fulfil aspects of the information discovery and retrieval process better than basic Z39.50, but work is underway to capitalize upon this, and to tie such technologies more closely to Z39.50. It appears for the moment that, whatever its limitations, Z39.50 remains the only effective means of enabling simultaneous queries upon distributed heterogeneous databases, and this remains something that the broader user community wants to be able to do.
A number of the principal terms and abbreviations used in this paper are defined, below.
A collection of Attribute Types (Use, Relation, Completeness, etc.), gathered together to address a particular purpose. The best known Attribute Set is Bib-1.
The Distributed National Electronic Resource. The DNER is being built by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) of the Higher Education Funding Councils in the United Kingdom, and will link users to the wealth of resources provided for them by JISC-funded Data Centres and others.
The Government Information Locator Service. This was developed in the United States as a distributed collection of 'gateways' providing public access to information from government. GILS has since been widely adopted in other countries around the world, and a closely related Global Information Locator Service was initiated under the auspices of the G7 countries. The GILS Profile  for Z39.50 is one way in which these distributed gateways may be searched.
A piece of software responsible for submitting a user request to one or more Targets. The term might also be applied to the user him/herself or to the computer at which they are sitting. More commonly known outside the Z39.50 community as a 'client'.
A specific interpretation of the manner in which Z39.50 — or a subset thereof — should be used to meet the needs of a particular application (the GILS Profile for the Government Information Locator Service), function (ATS-1 for author/title/subject searches), community (the CIMI Profile for cultural heritage), or environment (the CENL Profile for European National Libraries).
Resource Description Framework. See http://www.w3.org/RDF/ for the text of the standard and related information.
One of the basic building blocks of Z39.50. These Services include Init(ialisation), Search, Present, Explain, etc.
A Use Attribute specifies an 'access point' onto the underlying database with which a Target is associated. Use Attributes include such things as 'title', 'author', 'subject', etc., and they are normally mapped onto similar fields in the underlying database.
eXtensible Markup Language. See http://www.w3.org/XML/ for the text of the standard and related information.
ANSI/NISO Z39.50-1995, Information Retrieval (Z39.50): Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification and ISO 23950:1998, Information and documentation — Information retrieval (Z39.50) — Application service definition and protocol specification. Use of the term in this paper always refers to version 3 of the standard, except where otherwise specified.
The Z39.50 Implementors Group, an informal body of suppliers and developers through which continued development of Z39.50 takes place.


I got a big new work project and have traveled on five work trips in the last four weeks. It's been insane.
Then at least I'm posting something. And I can do it in my "free" time during taxi rides & layovers & such. (This project & my travel will last into 2018.) And if days magically get 28 hours in them or I have a normal free moment then maybe I'll squeeze in a "regular" style post when if can. But maybe this middle ground can work for now? Thoughts?
I wore this outfit for a executive planning meeting with the higher ups at my new client. Pink blazer is new from Banana and I am sort of in love with it!
Ok – I lied – here's a link to the blazer.
Love it! I definitely stop by for the photos. I'm outside the US so shopping links don't really work for me a year! I haven't worked in a corporate environment for 4 years but still love to see what you're wearing/how your styling and generally marvel at the depths of your closet!
I like the new approach! I don't tend to make use of the celebrity inspirations. And if we really like the outfit, we can do the research for similar pieces! I can't imagine all that travel you have going on!
Yes because I miss your posts! Your corporate looks work well for my small office as well.
Yeah for updates! I like to see your pictures, don't care as much for the inspiration picture…they aren't really doable in the real world, imo. You always made them work appropriate. So your pictures are the good ones.
As I start a new job, where it looks like I will be traveling a lot more, I'm going to rely even more on your blog. So thankful for it!Good luck with the new project.
PS. Love this jacket also. might have to get it, though I would never have thought I would be interested, this makes it look SO easy!
and just a PS…J Crew needs to hire you because you make this blazer look SO much better than the store does. I would not have looked twice at it, and now I am because of your post!
Yay! Good luck on your new job!
I've missed your posts so much! I have very similar pieces in my wardrobe and you put together combos I wouldn't think of so I love seeing what you're wearing. I do find the links interesting but not necessary all the time. I really just miss seeing your outfits!
I'm really going to try to find a posting rhythm! Thanks!
Love pale pink for any season! Congrats on the project!
The new format will be fine! There is a season in life for everything and it makes sense to streamline in this busy time of your life. I have missed your posts so am glad to see your cute outfit! Things always look better in you than in the store websites! Good luck with your work project and juggling your commitments.
I like the links but I also pretty much follow for the pics! They definitely give me inspiration to get out of my work clothes rut!
Like it. Just look forward to your posts and if this works best for you, that's good.
Love the pink blazer. Thinking of getting one too–very versatile for work or casual wear.
Thanks! I love this one. More then I expected. Hope you find one & love it too!
I like the idea! Although I like seeing your creative inspirations, this new idea fits your busy schedule.
Your posts are so helpful to me!
I agree with everyone, pics of your outfits are what I love most! I am corporate IT and have the same dress code so I love having inspiration!
I love the pics, so whatever works for you works for me! I am a professional mom of three boys and I really appreciate your easy-to-copy corporate outfits and your fun casual looks!
Yes this is great, the photos are what I use also. Congrats on your new project!
I forgot to add Your outfit ideas are awesome! I'm a corporate mom of an almost 2 year old and am in compliance so these all work well! Thanks for representing us mid 30s ladies so well!
Yay! So happy to hear you find the outfits useful!
Please keep posting! Love your style. I am an engineer at a local government agency that is mostly business casual. I did enjoy your shopping links because you post a lot of items that work with my budget but I understand that you can't keep it up now. I hope you get back into posting them!
I have missed your posts! I do use the links, especially for anything currently available and have tried several new brands because of your posts. Your blog has pretty much transformed the way I dress for work (and I get many compliments). But, if no links mean we get posts for now, I will live. Inspiration pics are not important to me. Good luck on your project, sounds stressful!
Absolutely, we love seeing your outfits. Post links when you can, but show us the outfits!
I'm so happy to see a post! Yes, love it! Thank you so much for taking your time to inspire us!
Omg! I think I saw you in downtown Dallas one morning in this pink blazer outfitt! Maybe, anyway if not yall are both stylish!
I like the new approach too. I'd rather this than nothing, of course! Whatever you can manage. Loving the light pink blazer! I've been looking for light pink ankle pants, and found some winners in Old Navy's 'Harper' pants!