text:
Virology Journal
Figure 4 | Virology Journal
From: Activation of the PKR/eIF2α signaling cascade inhibits replication of Newcastle disease virus
eIF2α is critical for NDV replication. A. HeLa cells were transfected with the siRNA specific for eIF2α (100 pmol/mL) or control siRNA for 48 h and then processed as described for Figure 3A. B. The intensity band ratio of eIF2α to β-actin. Representative results are shown with graphs representing the ratio of eIF2α to β-actin normalized to the control condition. Data are presented as means from three independent experiments. Significance was analyzed using two-tailed. Student's t-test. ***, p ≤ 0.001. C. Determination of NDV replication in eIF2α knockdown HeLa cells. The extracellular virus yields were determined at 12 hpi and expressed as TCID50/mL. Data are presented as means from three independent experiments. Significance was analyzed using two-tailed Student's t-test. *, p ≤ 0.05. D. HeLa cells were infected with ZJ1-GFP at an MOI of 1 or mock infected for 9 h in the presence of OA (10 nM). The cells were harvested and then processed as described for Figure 1A. E and F. The intensity band ratio of peIF2α (E) or pPKR (F) to β-actin. Representative results are shown with graphs representing the ratio of peIF2α (E) or pPKR (F) to β-actin normalized to the control condition. Data are presented as means from three independent experiments. Significance was analyzed using two-tailed Student's t-test. ***, p ≤ 0.001. G. HeLa cells were infected with ZJ1-GFP at an MOI of 1 for 9 h in the presence of OA (10 nM) and observed by immunofluorescenct microscopy. The number of GFP-positive cells was quantified using Image J software. Data are presented as means from three independent experiments. Significance was analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001, *, p ≤ 0.05.


text:
Ryan Dupuy
Ryan Dupuy was born and raised in Pasco, Washington where his extended family still resides. He graduated from Idaho State University in Pocatello, Idaho with a Bachelor's of Science degree in Health Care Administration and became an Assisted Living Administrator in 2009. Recently, Ryan completed his Master's degree in Business Administration from Western Governors University. Ryan has been an Assisted Living Administrator since 2010 and is a member of the Oregon Alliance of Senior and Health Services. Ryan is the proud parent of 2 daughters and 4 sons and spends as much time as he can attending his families sporting events.
Ryan is committed to providing outstanding services at the Aspens and making positive contributions to the community at large. Ryan says, "I feel blessed to be a part of such a wonderful organization and community and it is such a joy to be surrounded by so much knowledge and experience. Every day is a great day to come to work at The Aspens."
Bonnie Carper
Bonnie Carper, Assistant Director at The Aspens, began her career in assisted living as a caregiver at The Aspens in 2010. Bonnie worked her way up to Medication Service Assistant, and was then proud to accept the position of Assistant Director. Bonnie has lived in Harney County for 30 years, and has three children and 12 grandchildren.
Laurie Sparks
Laurie Sparks began working at The Aspens as a Registered Nurse (RN) in 2014. Laurie's educational background includes a Bachelor's Degree in Nursing and a Bachelor's Degree in Nutrition from Oregon State University.
Laurie has lived in Harney County for over four years, is married and has two young children.
Non-Profit Ownership
The inspiration, development and ownership of The Aspens is thanks to a group of insightful and dedicated local citizens and community leaders who govern a non-profit 501 (c)3 organization, Harney Pioneer Homes, Inc. Their mission is to improve affordable housing options for senior and disabled adults in Harney County. It is a dream come true for residents of Harney County and one in which the entire community can be proud.
Concepts in Community Living, Inc. (CCL) is pleased to provide management support to The Aspens Living Center.
CCL is a recognized pioneer in the assisted living field, helping to develop and manage hundreds of assisted living communities, providing consulting services to supportive housing developers, owners, government agencies and social service providers, and being an eminent voice in shaping best practices and policies industry-wide.
CCL envisions supportive communities that elevate the meaning of life, fulfill human needs, and reflect the uniqueness of those served. You are invited to join us in making this vision a reality.
Please share your ideas, suggestions and concerns with us by calling 1-800-574-2254, TTY 1-866-583-6144, or sending us an email at info@ccliving.com. What's important to you, is important to us too! Find us on the web at: www.ccliving.com.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Automatically positioning arrows on slideshow I'm currently coding a jQuery slideshow effect and need a bit of help.
I have all of the sideshow functionality working properly, my only problem is that I want to have my navigation arrows to be automatically positioned on either side of the slideshow box (960px, centered on the screen).
The end product should be something like Kriesi does here: http://www.kriesi.at/themes/upscale/
I've looked at his code, but can't quite figure it out. Any help would be appreciated!
Thanks!

A: Arrows are situated in . That block is positioned as absolute with top value as 50% - 12px (margin-top: -12px);
Then, there is a list  which contains images and other data and affect height of it's parent .
So, basically, in the code, when user clicks on an arrow, jQUery probabaly uses outerHeight() to get height of li elements in  and then uses animate() to change height of the  which affects height of the  and that in it's turn smoothly changes position of the arrows.

Personally, i think it's a bad designing when arrows change it's position. Very annoying when you have to move mouse up and down every time you want to see the next slide.

A: I don't understand what you mean by "I can't quite figure out how to initially position them over the slideshow... If I do it in CSS, then it won't work on all screen resolutions."...?
If you position the arrows relative to the slideshow, there will be no issue. For example to place them at the top left and top right corners, include the following in your styles:
#slideshowcontainer{
   width: 960px;
   height: 400px;
   position: relative;
}
#leftarrow{
   position: absolute;
   top: 0px;
   left: -40px; /* position the arrow 40px to the left of the slideshow */
}
#rightarrow{
   position: absolute;
   top: 0px;
   right: -40px; /* position the arrow 40px to the right of the slideshow */
}

Obviously you will need to adjust the values to suit, depending on the size of your arrows and where you want them etc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The eyebag is also lightened a little.
Santa Claus has a red bloom because of the cold outside air.
After shading and lighting out you can apply fine red veins using a Stubble Sponge. You squeeze the stubble sponge, press it onto the make-up (dark red colour), test it on the hand and apply it to the cheeks and nose.
Do not make the nose too red, as this gives the effect of a drunkard.
For concealing the edges of a Father Christmas (Santa) beard set, we recommend: colour no. 2 (light blond) for a buffalo-hair of cream-coloured beard set and colour no. 1 (white) for a white (synthetic) beard set.


text:
\section{Introduction}

There have recently been impressive advances in \emph{deep generative modeling}
techniques, which have made new industrial applications possible.

These include new ways of collaborating on sensitive data with
strong privacy guarantees such as the release of synthetic microdata
by the \emph{US Census Bureau} \cite{benedetto2018creation}.
The idea behind this application of synthetic data, is that training a generative model
with \emph{differential privacy} \cite{abadi2016deep, jordon2018pate}, and then
sharing the data generated from the model, enables the sharing of statistical properties
of privacy-sensitive data, without sharing the data itself.

There is a long line of work about \emph{differential privacy} \cite{dwork2006calibrating, dwork2014algorithmic},
which establishes it as a solid notion of privacy. This paper will not
develop this aspect, but rather focus on generative modelling in this particular context.

A very common use-case for generating synthetic data, is the need to share
privacy sensitive \emph{tabular data} mixing together various column types
such as numerical, categorical, or \emph{richer types} like sequences or images.

Furthermore, in training a model with \emph{differentially private} techniques such
as \emph{DP-SGD} \cite{abadi2016deep}, one generally wants to interact as little as
possible with the private data to minimize privacy loss, and therefore one wants to pre-train
the model with public datasets. In practice, these public datasets often have partially
overlapping sets of features.
To be pretrained on many of these heterogenous datasets, a synthetic data model needs
to handle properly missing-data in a way similar to semi-supervised learning \cite{kingma2014semi}.

This paper proposes a novel deep generative model architecture (see figure~\ref{fig:1}), the
\emph{Composable Generative Model{}} (\emph{CGM}), meeting the requirements specific to practical
privacy preserving synthetic data generation, namely:
\begin{itemize}
    \item to accomodate a variety of column types, continuous, discrete and potentially richer types by \emph{composing} them
    \item to handle missing data properly
    \item to show good performances in modelling the joint distribution of data
\end{itemize}

The proposed architecture is autoregressive in the sense that each feature
of the data is generated sequentially conditional on the features already
generated. The order in which features are generated does not mater.

During training, the features are shuffled and each of them is encoded in a separate
\emph{input representation} vector to effectively bypass the bottleneck of encoding a variable length input
into a fixed size vector \cite{cho2015describing}.

The input representations are then combined with \emph{column embeddings} and
passed through a causal transformer \cite{vaswani2017attention} that builds
a set of higher level representations in a potentially generalized many-to-many
cross-feature inference.

An \emph{output representation} of a feature is built from the input
representations of one or several other features and the \emph{embedding}
of the generated feature. The output representation for a feature sums up
the shared knowledge of one or more other features.
It is fed to a conditional generative model specialized
for this feature (e.g. CNNs for images, RNNs for sequences, etc).
These conditional generative models can be off-the-shelf pre-trained modules plugged
into our framework. An overview of the framework is pictured on
figure~\ref{fig:1}.

\textbf{This work provides the following contributions}:
\begin{itemize}
    \item \emph{We describe a novel architecture} built upon the Transformer, using \emph{column embeddings}
    to encode the feature position and \emph{shuffling features during training} to learn all
    possible combinations of missing values.
    \item Following \cite{xu2019modeling}, we evaluate our architecture on 13 datasets (6 standard datasets and 7 simulated),
    compare it to 14 other generative models and demonstrate \emph{it beats the state of the art in tabular data
    generation}
    \item We specify a set of requirements any conditional generative model needs to implement
    to be used as a component of the \emph{CGM}{}, \emph{enabling the use of richer datatypes} than numerical or categorical.
\end{itemize}

\section{Related Work}

\subsection{Tabular data generation}
Tabular data are very widespread in the industry. Yet relatively few data
generation research focuses on tabular data. Traditional models for tabular data
generations use decision trees, bayesian networks or copulas to sample from a
data distribution.

Recent approaches have used GANs to generate tabular data. Some of them have
focused their efforts on generating Electronic Health Records (EHR).
MedGAN~\cite{choi2017generating} pretrains an autoencoder and then uses the
decoder as the final part of the generator, tableGAN~\cite{park2018data}
introduces convolutions in the generator, PATE-GAN~\cite{jordon2018pate} uses
the PATE framework to generate differentially private synthetic data while CTGAN
and TVAE~\cite{xu2019modeling} introduce a node specific normalization and
conditional sampling to tackle mode collapse. The last paper also introduced a
useful benchmark framework called SDGym
\footnote{https://github.com/sdv-dev/SDGym} for comparing tabular data
generative models.

\subsection{Composable generative models}

Beyond the focus on tabular data, we designed our architecture so that it could be
trained on any subset of features without having to train an exponential number of models
(one for each possible subset).

Some early attempts in this direction were based on Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM)
\cite{srivastava2014multimodal}.

An important line of work is based on the variational auto-encoder (VAE).
Composable VAEs aim to provide a flexible mechanism to
compose generative models and adapt to arbitrary missing values patterns without having
to learn an exponential number of mapping networks.
MVAE~\cite{wu2018multimodal}, MMVAE~\cite{shi2019variational},
mmJSD~\cite{sutter2020multimodal} and MHVAE~\cite{vasco2020mhvae} propose to
have one specialized encoder per modality (called expert) and a rule for
combining the experts' outputs together to infer the latent variable.

Our proposed approach leverages the \emph{Transformer} architecture to combine
several conditional generator sub-models.

\subsection{Transformers}
The Transformer \cite{vaswani2017attention} has been shown to excel in several
modalities such as natural language \cite{devlin2018bert, radford2019language, brown2020language},
image \cite{parmar2018image,dosovitskiy2020image} or music
\cite{huang2018music}. As each self-attention layer has a global receptive
field, the network can give more importance to the input regions most useful for
predicting a given point. Thus the architecture may be more flexible at
generating diverse data types than networks with fixed connectivity patterns
\cite{child2019generating}.

At the core of the Transformer is the \emph{attention} operation which can be seen as a
list of queries on a set of key and value pairs. We say that the attention is
causal if the $k$th representation vector depends only on the $k-1$ first
values. Considering a sequence of length $l$, a (key, query) dimension $d_k$ and
a value dimension $d_v$, we can define the \emph{attention} and
\emph{causal attention} operations as follows:

\begin{equation} \label{eq2}
    \begin{split}
        \text{attention}(Q,K,V) & = \text{softmax}\left(\frac{Q K^T}{\sqrt{d_k}}\right) V^T \\
        \text{causal\_attention}(Q,K,V) & = \text{softmax}\left(\frac{Q K^T}{\sqrt{d_k}}-M\right) V^T
    \end{split}
\end{equation}

Where $Q$ and $K$ have shape $(l, d_k)$, $V$ has shape $(l,d_v)$ and
where the mask $M$ is a lower triangular matrix with shape $(l, l)$ where
$M_{ij}=1_{j\leq i} \infty$, which enforces the causality by setting
contributions of input $j$ to output $i$ to $0$ if $j>i$.

Following \cite{vaswani2017attention, radford2019language, brown2020language},
we will name \emph{self-attention} (or \emph{causal-self-attention}) the use of a multi-head \emph{attention}
(or \emph{causal-attention}) operation with linear transformations of the same vector passed as $Q$, $K$ and $V$ arguments.

And we will name \emph{cross-attention} (or \emph{causal-cross-attention}) the use of a multi-head \emph{attention}
(or \emph{causal-attention}) operation with linear transformations of the same vector passed as $K$ and $V$ arguments and
linear transformations of another vector as $Q$.

\section{The Composable Generative Model{}}

\subsection{Model definition}

Let us consider a tabular dataset consisting of categorical and real values.
Cells can also contain missing values. In all this section, we will encode real
values as categorical variables by quantizing it using its quantiles. We could
also use \emph{mode aware encoding} techniques as described in
\cite{xu2019modeling}.

Formally, we define our dataset $\mathcal{D}$ as a set of $n$ \emph{features}
(or columns) $\mathcal{F}_k$ where the $k$th feature is $d_k$ dimensional i.e.
$\mathcal{F}_k \in \mathbb{R}^{d_k}$. The i$th$ training example consists of
values $\mathcal{F}^i = \{f_1^i, ..., f_n^i\}$. Assuming training examples are
i.i.d. realization of a random variable with distribution $\mathcal{F}^i\sim
\mathcal{P_D}$, our objective is to train a model that can sample from an
estimator $\mathcal{\hat{P}_D}$ maximizing the likelihood of the data.

We introduce an architecture built around a Transformer stack. We use the same
transformer stack architecture as GPT-2 and GPT-3
\cite{radford2019language, brown2020language}. The Transformer builds a sequence
of representations from the input values.

For a training example $i$ and feature $k$, our model is formally defined by

\begin{equation} \label{eq1}
    \begin{split}
        \mathcal{R}^i & = \text{causal\_transformer}(E(\mathcal{F}^i) + \mathcal{X}) \\
        y_k^i & = \text{cross\_attention}(Q=x_k^i, (K,V)=\mathcal{R}_{<k}^i)
    \end{split}
\end{equation}

Since each feature $f_k^i$ has a priori a different dimension (i.e. number of
categories), we first need to project the values to a common latent subspace so
that they can then be fed into the transformer (in the same way as words are
represented as dense vector embeddings). For this purpose, each feature
$\mathcal{F}_k$ has an \emph{encoder} $E_k$ that converts its data space to the
latent space $E_k\left(f_k^i\right) \in \mathbb{R}^h$.

Furthermore, as there is no natural ordering of features, for each feature
$\mathcal{F}_k$ we learn a \emph{column embedding} $x_k \in \mathbb{R}^h$ that
is integrated to the input by adding it to the latent value. The column
embedding can be thought of as an origin point of the feature in the latent
space $\{E_1(f_1^i)+ x_1, ..., E_n(f_n^i) + x_n\} = E(\mathcal{F}^i) +
\mathcal{X}$. The column embedding is learned and identifies the columns.

The \emph{causal-Transformer} is composed of a causal-self-attention operation
and a position-wise feedforward network both preceded by a normalization layer
and followed by a residual connection. The feedforward network has the following
structure where, if $X \in \mathbb{R}^d$, $W_1$ has shape $(4d,d)$ and $W_2$ has
shape $(d,4d)$:

\begin{equation} \label{eq5}
    \begin{split}
        \text{feedforward}(X)=W_2.\text{gelu}(W_1.X)
    \end{split}
\end{equation}

\subsection{Conditional distribution}

At the output of the Transformer, the representation vector $y_k$ summarizes the
distribution of the $k^{th}$ feature conditionally on the previous features:

\begin{equation} \label{eq6}
    \mathcal{P}(f_k|f_1,...,f_{k-1}) = \mathcal{P}(f_k|y_k)
\end{equation}

For each feature, we add a decoder $D_k$ that could be any off-the-shelf
conditional generation model and trained accordingly. The decoder $D_k$ allows
us to compare the conditional distribution to the expected data distribution.
The provided error signal for each feature is backpropagated to train the whole
model.

In this paper, we only consider the case of the conditional categorical
generative model. For this purpose, we reuse the embedding matrix $E_k$ used to
transform the one-hot encoded vectors to dense latent vactor. We multiply the
conditional vector $y_k \in \mathbb{R}^h$ with the transpose of the embedding matrix $E_k \in \mathbb{R}^{(h, d_k)}$ to
produce an $n_k$ dimentional vector representing the logits of the categorical
distribution $\mathcal{P}(f_k|y_k)$, where $d_k$ is the number of caterogies (or
quantiles) of the $k^{th}$ feature.

\begin{equation} \label{eq7}
    \mathcal{P}(f_k|y_k) = \text{softmax}(E_k^Ty_k)
\end{equation}

The model then minimize the loss $\mathcal{L}$ which is the categorical
cross-entropy accross all columns as written in equation \ref{eq8} where $f_k$
is a one-hot encoded vector.

\begin{equation} \label{eq8}
    \mathcal{L} = - \sum_k f_k \log(\text{softmax}(E_k^T y_k))
\end{equation}

\subsection{Training \emph{CGM}{}s}

\paragraph{Feature order} One of the advantages of this model compared to a
traditional architecture \cite{uria2016neural} is the fact that \emph{the
autoregressive order does not need to be fixed}. For each training example, a
random permutation of the input features is chosen and the probability
distribution of the $k^{th}$ feature conditionally on a random subset of
the remaining features is computed. The training algorithm is summarized in
algorithm~\ref{algo:training}.

\begin{figure}[!htb]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{composability.pdf}
    \caption{\emph{CGM}{} can use any set of columns to make predictions.}
    \label{fig:composability}
\end{figure}

\paragraph{Weakly-supervised setting} Another advantage of our model is its
ability to be trained in a weakly-supervised setting, that is, when some columns
have missing values. This is possible since the columns are referred to by
explicitly learned column embedding as shown in figure~\ref{fig:composability}.

\begin{algorithm}[h]
\SetAlgoLined Initialize $\theta_E, \theta_T, \theta_D$\;
\While{not converged}{
    $\mathcal{H} \leftarrow E(\mathcal{F}) + \mathcal{X}$\;
    $\mathcal{H} \leftarrow \text{permute}(\mathcal{H})$\;
    $\mathcal{R} \leftarrow \text{causal\_transformer}(\mathcal{H})$\;
    $y_k \leftarrow \text{cross\_attention}(Q=x_k, (K, V)=\mathcal{R}_{<k}), \forall k$\;
    $\mathcal{L} \leftarrow - \sum_k f_k \log(\text{softmax}(E_k^T y_k))$\;
    $\theta_E, \theta_T, \theta_D \leftarrow (\theta_E, \theta_T, \theta_D) -
    \lambda \nabla_{\theta_D, \theta_T, \theta_D} \mathcal{L}$\;}
    \caption{Training algorithm}
    \label{algo:training}
\end{algorithm}

\subsection{Generation with \emph{CGM}{}s}

Once trained, the model can be used for generation. The first representation
vector is generated using an empty set of features. The
first features is then sampled from the representation.
The other features are generated conditionally on the
ones already generated:
\begin{equation} \label{generation}
    \begin{split}
        \mathcal{R} & = \text{causal\_transformer}(E(\mathcal{F}) + \mathcal{X}) \\
        y_k & = \text{cross\_attention}(Q=x_k, (K,V)=\mathcal{R}_{<k}) \\
        f_k & \sim \mathcal{P}(f_k|y_k)
    \end{split}
\end{equation}

\section{Composing a model with richer types}

Because it is trained with \emph{feature shuffling}, it is
possible to remove or add features to the \emph{CGM}{} at any stage of the training.
Those features can be numerical or categorical as described above, but they could
be of a richer type provided the type implements the interface specified below:
\begin{description}
    \item[Encoder] the type of feature $\mathcal{F}_k$ should be equiped with an
    encoder, mapping a value $f_k^i$ from the data to an \emph{input representation}:
    $E_k:  \to \mathbb{R}^h$

    The encoder can be a neural network, parametrized by weights and trained along with those of the
    transformer.

    \item[Decoder] the type of feature $\mathcal{F}_k$ should be able equiped
    with a decoder, sampling a value $f_k \in \mathbb{R}^{d_k}$ from an \emph{output representation}
    $y_k in \mathbb{R}^h$: $f_k \sim \mathcal{P}(f_k|y_k)$

    The decoder can be a neural network, parametrized by weights and trained along with those of the
    transformer.

    \item[Loss] the type of feature $\mathcal{F}_k$ should provide the loss to minimize during training
    of the weights of the transformer along with \emph{encoder weights} and \emph{decoder weights}.

    The loss can also be parametrized as a neural network and trained against an adversarial loss, thus
    permiting the integration of \emph{Generative Adversarial Networks} \cite{goodfellow2014generative}
    as the decoder part of a rich type (like images or sound).
\end{description}

When considering a \emph{categorical} feature, the \emph{encoder} is simply parametrized by an
embedding matrix giving the \emph{input representation} vector corresponding to the $i^{th}$ modality
by a simple look-up operation.
The \emph{decoder} is also parametrized by an embedding matrix converting an \emph{output representation}
vector to a vectors of logits fed into a softmax. Then a value is sampled from the probabilities derived
from the softmax.
The \emph{loss} is simply the categorical cross-entropy.

\emph{Numerical} feature are converted to categorical by quantization. The \emph{encoder} and \emph{decoder}
have the same form as those of a categorical feature, simply composed with a quantization, de-quantization
step.

If one wants to produce synthetic data with columns of images, one can simply implement the specifications
above. The \emph{encoder} can be a deep convolutional network, the \emph{decoder} the generator network
of a GAN and the \emph{loss} the dicriminator network of the GAN. In that case two adversarial
objectives are optimized during training, the minimization of the common loss of all the encoders, decoders
and transformer networks, and the minimization of the adversarial loss of the discriminators of image features.

Beyond images, one can integrate sequences usng RNN or Transformers, NLP and more. The setting with images
categorical and numerical features has been tested and works fine. And further types are being integrated
in the model.

\section{Application to tabular data}

In this section we present the experiments we conducted to test the performance
and applications of our model on tabular data.

\begin{figure*}
    \centering
    \begin{subfigure}{0.35\textwidth}
        \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sdgym_overview_syn.pdf}
        \caption{SDGym process for synthetic datasets.} \label{fig:sdgym_syn}
    \end{subfigure}

    \begin{subfigure}{0.4\textwidth}
        \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sdgym_overview_real.pdf}
        \caption{SDGym process for real datasets.} \label{fig:sdgym_real}
    \end{subfigure}
    \caption{Overview of the SDGym scoring process \cite{xu2019modeling}.}
    \label{fig:sdgym_overview}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[!htb]
    \centering
    \input{tables/real.tex}
    \caption{Real datasets leaderboard. Each synthesizer is trained on a training split $\mathcal{T}_{train}$ of the real data. Synthetic data $\mathcal{T}_{syn}$ are generated and a classifier is trained on it. The classifier's accuracy and f1-score are then measured on a test split $\mathcal{T}_{test}$  of the real data.}
    \label{fig:real}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[!htb]
    \centering
    \input{tables/synthetic.tex}
    \caption{Synthetic datasets leaderboard. A parametric model $\mathcal{M}$ is used to generate training data $\mathcal{T}_{train}$ and test data $\mathcal{T}_{test}$. Each synthesizer is trained and generates synthetic data $\mathcal{T}_{syn}$. The log-likelihood of the synthetic data wrt. $\mathcal{M}$ is computed $\mathcal{L}_{syn} = log(P(\mathcal{T}_{syn}|\mathcal{M}))$. The parametric model is also refitted using $\mathcal{T}_{syn}$ and yield a new model $\mathcal{M}'$. The log-likelihood of the test data wrt. $\mathcal{M}'$ is computed $\mathcal{L}_{test} = log(P(\mathcal{T}_{test}|\mathcal{M}'))$.}
    \label{fig:synthetic}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[!htb]
    \centering
    \input{tables/bayesian.tex}
    \caption{Bayesian datasets leaderboard. A parametric model $\mathcal{M}$ is used to generate training data $\mathcal{T}_{train}$ and test data $\mathcal{T}_{test}$. Each synthesizer is trained and generates synthetic data $\mathcal{T}_{syn}$. The log-likelihood of the synthetic data wrt. $\mathcal{M}$ is computed $\mathcal{L}_{syn} = log(P(\mathcal{T}_{syn}|\mathcal{M}))$. The parametric model is also refitted using $\mathcal{T}_{syn}$ and yield a new model $\mathcal{M}'$. The log-likelihood of the test data wrt. $\mathcal{M}'$ is computed $\mathcal{L}_{test} = log(P(\mathcal{T}_{test}|\mathcal{M}'))$.}
    \label{fig:bayesian}
\end{figure*}

We trained the model on tabular data and benchmarked against the SDGym
leaderboard. SDGym evaluates the performance of synthetic data generators on
three dataset families: simulated data using gaussian mixtures, simulated data
using bayesian networks and real world datasets \cite{xu2019modeling}.

We evaluated our model using the publicly available SDGym benchmark
\cite{xu2019modeling}. The model's performance at generating synthetic data is
measured against several other models on different types of datasets.

The test procedure is different for datasets generated with a parametric model
$\mathcal{M}$ (synthetic and bayesian) and real datasets as seen on
figure~\ref{fig:sdgym_overview}. For each dataset, the data is split into a
training set $\mathcal{T}_{train}$ and a test set $\mathcal{T}_{test}$. The
generative model is trained on $\mathcal{T}_{train}$ and a synthetic data set
$\mathcal{T}_{syn}$ is generated.

\paragraph{Synthetic and bayesian datasets} For generated datasets (synthetic
and bayesian datasets), the probability distribution of the data is known. We
can thus evaluate the log-likelihood of the synthetized data with respect to the
parametric model $\mathcal{M}$ that is $\mathcal{L}_{syn} =
log(P(\mathcal{T}_{syn}|\mathcal{M}))$. However, such a metric favors mode
collapsed models. To measure if mode collapse has occured, the parametric model
$\mathcal{M}$ that was used to generate $\mathcal{T}_{train}$ is refitted using
$\mathcal{T}_{syn}$ instead. This yields a new parametric model $\mathcal{M}'$.
The log-likelihood of the test set $\mathcal{T}_{test}$ with respect to
$\mathcal{M}'$ is then computed $\mathcal{L}_{test} =
log(P(\mathcal{T}_{test}|\mathcal{M}'))$.

\paragraph{Real datasets} For real datasets, the machine learning efficacy is
used to measure the quality of the synthetic data. A classification model is
trained using $\mathcal{T}_{syn}$ and the accuracy $acc$ and $f1$ scores are
measured on the test set $\mathcal{T}_{test}$.

For all datasets, we used a hidden dimension of 64 and a transformer composed of
2 blocks with 8 heads. We trained the generative model for 15 epochs with a
batch size of $128$ and the Adam optimizer with $\beta_1=0.5$, $\beta_2=0.99$, a
learning rate of $0.001$. All computations were done on a machine with 8 CPUs
and 2 NVIDIA V100 GPUs. Benchmarking on all SDGym datasets took 4 hours.

\subsection{Results}
We compare our results with the public leaderboard provided on the SDGym web
page. The scores of several models have been pre-computed for comparison. We are
compared against the following models: \texttt{GCC} (Gaussian Copula
Categorical), \texttt{GCCF} (Gaussian Copula Categorical Fuzzy), \texttt{GCOH}
(Gaussian Copula One Hot), \texttt{CopulaGAN}, \texttt{CLBN}, \texttt{PrivBN},
\texttt{Medgan}, \texttt{Tablegan}, \texttt{CTGAN} and \texttt{TVAE}.

Trivial synthesizers are also benchmarked: the \texttt{Uniform} synthesizer
generates data uniformly and serves as a lower bound likelihood estimator, the
\texttt{Independent} synthesizer makes an independence assumption and the
\texttt{Identity} synthesizer simply returns the training data and serves as a
likelihood upper bound estimator. The actual scores are presented on figures
\ref{fig:real}, \ref{fig:synthetic} and \ref{fig:bayesian}.

For model comparison, we will focus on the $\mathcal{L}_{test}$ and f1-scores
since the other metrics (accuracy and $\mathcal{L}_{syn}$) do not reflect the
synthetic data quality as good. To easily visualize the results, we put in
\textbf{bold} the best result in each column.

As we can see, \textbf{our model outperforms the other models on the real
datasets}. On the credit dataset, we can see that the \texttt{CopulaGAN} model
outperforms us but that is also outperforms the \texttt{Identity} synthesizer by
a large margin. Such a high performance, better than the perfect
\texttt{Identity} synthesizer, is odd and could be attributed to the fact that
the synthesized data are better suited to train the subsequent classifier
whereas the real data may contain outliers that perturb the classifier's
training process.

On synthetic datasets, our model is the leader in the outperformed
\texttt{gridr} and \texttt{ring} datasets. It is slightly outperformed by the
trivial \texttt{Independent} synthesizer on the \texttt{grid} dataset but is the
second best model by a large margin.

On bayesian datasets, our model is the leader on the \texttt{alarm},
\texttt{asia} and \texttt{insurance} datasets. Our model is very close to the
\texttt{PrivBN} synthesizer on the \texttt{asia} dataset though slightly
outperformed.

\section{The \emph{CGM}{} in production}

The \emph{CGM}{} is used in production at \href{https://sarus.tech}{Sarus Technologies}
for the generation of synthetic data.

\href{https://sarus.tech}{Sarus} is a technology company developing solutions
to analyze privacy-sensitive data with formal privacy guarantees.

In production, the \emph{CGM}{} is trained with \emph{DP-SGD} \cite{abadi2016deep} in order to provide
differential privacy guarantees to the data generator.

The solution has been applied in medical data sharing with the
\href{https://cesp.inserm.fr/}{French National Institute in Medical Research (INSERM)}
and it is being experimented in various institutions in finance, energy, and transportation.

\section{Conclusion}

Though we focus on categorical and numerical data in this paper, the \emph{CGM}{} can accomodate a wide range of types.

Besides, as demonstrated, the \emph{CGM}{} is able to be pre-trained on many public datasets before
it is trained on private data.

Both those improvements and the quality of the data generated,
open new possibilities in privacy preserving data analysis, enabling
new applications in health care, personal finance or public policy planning.

\bibliographystyle{alpha}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


MMS There is a strong call within the international health cooperation to transform evidence based research into policy and action. Implementation research is often driven by the scientific community. In this side event, the organisers want to turn this argument upside down: NGO want to strengthen applied research in their projects and programmes. They argue that embedding implementation research in their programmes will create applied knowledge and evidence for the scaling up successful NGO interventions. -- A Network Medicus Mundi Switzerland Side Event in cooperation with FAIRMED, SolidarMed and Swiss Red Cross.


Southport FC legends Carl Baker and Earl Davis have been named joint winners of club's best player of the last decade.
The award was voted for by members of the Trust in Yellow supporters' group to mark the 10th anniversary of the group. Supporters also voted the 5-0 win over Fleetwood on Boxing Day 2009 as the best match during that time.
Baker made more than 150 appearances for Southport before joining Morecambe in 2007, while Davis played 249 times for the club across three spells and nine years.
Both were key members of the side which won the Conference North league title in 2005.
Other honours given out on the night included to Liam Watson and goalkeeper Tony MacMillan for longest serving manager and most appearances respectively. Tony Gray was recognised as the top goalscorer since the Trust's inception.
The Trust recently voted in favour of projects for a wheelchair viewing platform and for a supporters' bar at the Merseyrail Community Stadium. The projects have also received the backing of the club and more information will be released soon.


Corporate travels while maintaining a healthy diet and way of living, sounds like a myth, right? Well, the corporate travelers are the worst at keeping their new year resolutions especially when it comes to health as they genuinely suffer a lot, 'suffer' the 'suffer' in English and not the 'safar' i.e. travel in Hindi. Why so? Well, imagine being in a new city every second week with no stability in the name of food, accommodation, routine, physical workout etc. A nomad dressed up in suits and blazers with more than the triple load on mental health than nomads. Doesn't sound very romantic, right?
Okay, but why do the corporate travelers face such instability? One of the prime credits go to our nonsensical hotel booking system.which is about fixed check-ins, full day bookings even if the need is for 3-4 hours. The joke that corporates are filthy rich and can buy off every comfort possible is something to laugh at but nothing beyond. Waiting at airport lounges, railway station waiting rooms, office rooms etc. is how most of the time gets wasted, uncomfortably.
And of course, the above monstrous problem of the inability to book premium hotels on the hourly basis has been duly addressed by BookBySlot.com, already, the platform stabilizing your corporate travel life with a room to relax in a good hotel while paying for hourly slots, and flexible check-ins, of course.
But still, keeping on the right track to a good health and wellbeing while traveling, in general, is tough. The change in the weather, the constrained availability of certain diet, the lack of a homely, personalized care etc. are always there. On top of it, staying on a diet is next to impossible. So a corporate traveler who is dieting does sound like a weirdly impossible someone who would prove to be a perfect guide, rather inspiration, for your health regimes. But believe us, corporate travel while dieting can manifest into a reality.
Don't fight your hunger but replace the bad food with the good food. A lot of companies are coming up with solutions that can serve the purpose. For example, nutriplateindia.com, Soulful Foods etc. who provide healthy munchies as supplements over your oily, unhealthy chips and other snacks. Before catching that next flight for your corporate travel, before entering that next conference room for your corporate meeting, before skipping that next meal to save some time as you had to get inside a taxi to the airport – there is an option, always.
Curbing down your hunger is an impossibility that can't be suggested but upscaling your habits is surely doable. Other than the products available in the market, you can also go for fully natural substitutes like fruits/ vegetable salad. Bananas, nuts, apples, carrots and so much more – your excuse will surely not able to beat the number of options you have available with yourself to stay on a healthy diet while undergoing corporate travel.
Drinking the right fluid is the best health practice. Avoiding the temptations for sugary sodas and juices, staying equipped with a bottle of water, fresh juices, lemonade etc. will dramatically elevate your fulfillment for a healthy lifestyle while on a diet.
Please stop being so lazy or lost that only a glass of water coming to you is what you drink. Yes, they do serve drinks in flights, business meetings, office rooms etc. but think not that your corporate travel eliminates your own initiatives to grab that glass and hydrate yourself. Take up the command of your hydration if not food, while undergoing corporate travel. Boosting of mood, weight loss, protection against diseases kidney diseases, constipation etc. are what can be achieved by simply regulating your hydration.
Hey, the corporate travel shouldn't turn you into a hippopotamus standing in the pool called the corporate world where mental engagements are always more than the expected but physical involvement remains next to zero. When booking your accommodation in a premium hotel through BookBySlot.com, check for hotels for fitness centers, swimming pools etc. and beyond the resting plans, involve yourself with loads of physical workout.
If nothing, in the name of the movement, walk as much as you can. Yes, avoid that elevator you have been using and climb up. To zero down your movement and stay stagnant while running your brain won't be the best idea for a good diet plan. Instead of heading to the bar next door after the meeting, come up with better plans. Small steps lead to great health!
Okay, we came up with the solution to the hotel problem and no more nomadic expeditions in the name of corporate travel but it doesn't mean that you blame a bad health and murder of your diet plans on us. We know that the food places at our hotels are amazing and you wish to treat yourself post a victorious day in your corporate life but please do not.
Stick to a planned diet chart and order what seems to be the right thing. Our hotels already provide healthy items and can even personalize the preparation at your request. Also, why opt for room service when you can always walk? Every step counts. Let your body be thankful to you for being an amazing caretaker while suffering through corporate travel!
On medication? Follow a routine intake of something specific like organic supplements? And whatever, it could be. Don't jump off from the routine. Prepare a checklist of these if required but don't forget them the next time you are doing corporate travel. A change in such routine affect you tremendously and the damage done is beyond comprehension.
The list can go beyond and grow, on and on. But we hope that you at least start adhering to these. The next time you are in a city while on your corporate travel, stay healthy and stay fit. BookBySlot.com can help you with the hourly booking of premium hotels but it can't follow the right habits for you. Be good to yourself, happy corporate traveling.


Home Theater Image Gallery Choosing home audio equipment can seem intimidating, but if you know what to look for, it won't be. See more pictures of home theaters.
Even if you have a huge display with fantastic picture quality, your home theater can't deliver without the right audio equipment. But with so many audio formats, speakers, and accessories to choose from, picking the ones that will work best in your home can be an overwhelming task.
Don't worry -- HowStuffWorks has you covered with these great articles about how all of those home audio components work. Read on to learn about the technology behind the essentials.


text:
A date and location has been set for the first Conservative Future hustings in partnership with the charity, Help for Heroes and news site London Spin.
Date: Friday, 15th of February, 2013
Location: Old Bank of England, London
Time: 7pm - 9.30pm
The first debate will be for the position of Deputy Chairman - Political. Both candidates have been informed and the chairman for this debate will be announced in due course.
The second will be the debate for the election of the next Conservative Future Chairman and will be chaired by legendary CF'er Robert-John Tasker, all candidates have been informed.
In a communique to all candidates the group organising the event said - "Unfortunately, not all candidates have been forthcoming with e-mail addresses".
"Obviously if candidates don't turn up or are unable to make it then the 'Empty Chair' tag will inevitably follow. February is a prime month for hustings and debates and there should be no excuses for diary clashes or otherwise - previous candidates in years gone by have had to abide by this unwritten rule."


text:
Q: Linking.getInitialUrl() returns null when opening the app from a local notification from react-native-push-notifications I have implemented react-native-push-notification to show localNotification from a RemoteMessage that I receive from FCM. I receive the notification but on tapping the notification, Linking.getInitialUrl() returns null. I also have react-native-bootsplash integrated for a splash screen. All the integration is as shown below.
AndroidManifest.xml
...
<activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name"
  android:configChanges="keyboard|keyboardHidden|orientation|screenSize|uiMode"
  android:exported="true" android:launchMode="singleTask"
  android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustResize">
  <intent-filter>
    <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW"/>
    <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
    <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"/>
  </intent-filter>
</activity>

<activity android:name="com.zoontek.rnbootsplash.RNBootSplashActivity"
  android:theme="@style/BootTheme" android:launchMode="singleTask">
  <intent-filter>
    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
  </intent-filter>
</activity>
...

MainActivity.java
  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    RNBootSplash.init(R.drawable.bootsplash, MainActivity.this);
  }

It seems that the data associated with the notification intent is not being sent to the Activity. So I am not able to find as to how I send the data.


What an incredible day at Molly Mo's in sunny Sublimity.
Auntie Joy and her sister Toni were my cozy neighbors.
Below are some pictures of my booth.
I love this cubby shelf. I picked this little beauty up from my neighbor at Clayson Farm.
This WWII Hospital Bed will no longer be accompanying me to any more shows.
Here is a big "Thank You" to Diane and her family for opening up their home and hosting a wonderful show. Her yard and house were beautiful!!!
Guess who my neighbor will be???
Best of luck at Monticello, I'm sure you'll do well. See ya soon!
Love the cubby hole box.
Things and set up so beautifully.
Missed Molly Mo's but from Florence's picture's your booth looked amazing. Hope to see you at Monticello.


It has been a crazy couple of weeks for those of us living in South Texas. To be honest, it is quite devastating. The flooding from Hurricane Harvey proved to be far worse than we even expected. Although it wasn't my first time dealing with flooding (since moving to Texas) it was, however, my first experience with a hurricane. Since I am from Colorado, hurricanes are not something I thought I would ever have to encounter.
Luckily, I was able to fly out on the day the storm hit. That was incredibly nerve-wracking since I nearly missed my opportunity to leave.
It's events like this that really put things in perspective. After seeing so many animals being carried out in the flood waters, I feel so blessed to have been able to protect my dog (Brooklyn). As far as I know, my apartment hasn't been damaged/flooded. The same cannot be said for over 30,000 people, who have been displaced from their homes. All we can do is try to help those people and animals in any way that we can.
Houston is a resilient city that will continue to bounce back despite everything it has faced. They have some of the kindest and honest people I have ever encountered. The diversity, quality of faith, and resiliency of southern Texas are part of its undying charm. No matter what they are dealt they continue to give.
The mayor of Houston set up a relief fund for those hurting after the hurricane. To donate Click here.
Speaking of southern charm, I have an addicting surprise for you all! This praline bark is a combination of southern pecan pralines and pecan pie. A chewy brown sugar crust is topped with a gooey caramel and chopped pecans. If you are scared of making caramel, don't be afraid of this one. It is so easy to make because it partially caramelizes in the oven. This bark is great served in a candy dish at dinner parties. Just be prepared to hand out the recipe!
Mix in the flour until it is just combined.
Spread evenly onto a thin layer on the baking sheet. Bake for 8 minutes or until cookie base starts to set. Set aside and allow it to cool.
Meanwhile, prepare the praline layer by bringing the brown sugar and butter to a boil.
Pour caramel over the cookie layer. Spread evenly and top with chopped pecans.
Once cooled, cut or break into pieces.


text:
Ripley's Believe It or Not!
Ripley's 4D Moving Theater
Ripley's Aquarium of Canada
Promotions and Events
Birthday Info
To Ripleys.com
What to do in Niagara Falls
nfalls@ripleys.com
Mon - Thurs: 11am - 9pm | Fri & Sat: 10am - 11pm | Sun: 10am - 10pm
Open 365 Days a Year
Early closure on March 3, 2020 at 5pm
Mon - Thurs: 12pm - 8pm | Fri: 12pm - 11pm | Sat: 10am - 11pm | Sun: 10am - 10pm
Ripley's Aquarium of Canada – Toronto
Open Daily: 9am - 11pm
Experience the bizarre, explore the mysterious, and enjoy the weird at Ripley's Believe It or Not!
Get up close and personal with your favorite celebrity!
Hold on tight and prepare for an out-of-this-world experience.
Immerse yourself in a world of 20,000 aquatic animals and discover your own underwater adventure in downtown Toronto
Ripleys.com Blog
Copyright © 2020 Ripley Entertainment Inc., All rights reserved. Privacy Policy | Terms of Use


Conditions of the App of Tsuru-online B.V.
These conditions of use apply to the use of the App of Tsuru-online B.V., registered in Vught (5261 NE), Boxtelseweg 26 (hereafter called: 'App').
The conditions of use can be downloaded for storage and/or printing.
The App is intended for the employees of the companies which are affiliated with us. If you wish to know whether your employer is affiliated with us, please sent an email with your name and the name of your employer to: info@tsuru-online.nl.
By downloading the App, you enter into an agreement with Tsuru-Online B.V. and you declare that agree with the applicability of these conditions of use for the use of the App.
With this App, it is our goal to provide you with information and insight in the area of stress, nutrition, sleeping behaviour, motivation, exercise, and other aspects of the personal well-being. This is done through questions, assignments, and (push) notifications. The questions, assignments, (push) notifications, and all other information and (visual) material which is provided via the App, will hereafter be named: 'Content'.
The Content is collected with the greatest care and based on scientific insights and will be updated periodically. Nevertheless, it is possible that the Content is incomplete, not up-to-date, or inaccurate. The Content should not be interpreted as an alternative for a treatment and/or information from aid workers and/or healthcare providers. This also applies when this Content is based on your answers to questions and tests that are offered via the App. The Content should only be interpreted as a source of general information and not as a personalised advice. We, therefore, advise you to first discuss the Content with your own aid worker or healthcare provider at all times, before following the directions the Content is offering.
You will only be able to register for the use of the App and create a profile when we have received your details from your employer which enables us to identify you (for example your name and email address or employee number). For a successful registration, the information entered by you must correspond with the identification information we have received from your employer. You will guarantee that all the personal details you disclose via the App is correct and that you will only use the App for personal use.
You can enter the following personal details in your profile: name, email address, date of birth, and gender. This personal details can be supplemented with work-related content, information provided by you (such as answers to questions), and/or Content created via the App.
We will anonymise your personal details and information, answers to the questions, and your usage of the App (this information can be collected through our cookies) during storage to ensure that the information cannot be traced back to you. This anonymised information is then used for further research and reports. These (unidentifiable) reports may be shared with your employer.
With respect to the processing of the personal details, we make use of the services of hosting service providers. These service providers will act as the processor in compliance with the Personal Data Protection Act ('Wbp'). We are only and exclusively allowed to process the personal details in our assignment. We have concluded a processing agreement with these data processors. This agreement states that the processor has the obligation to adhere to all statutory regulations and the provisions established in the user agreements. We will not disclose any further personal details to third parties (including your employer), unless we are obliged to do so pursuant to any statutory provision.
We will ensure that the processing of the personal details complies with the Personal Data Protection Act (Wbp). We put great care and emphasis on a responsible handling of your personal details. That is why your personal details will be processed and secured with due care (for example through encryption and certification) at all times, in compliance with the Wbp.
You are not allowed to put (parts of) the App at the disposal of third parties, make any changes to or copy the App, or duplicate or publish it in any other way. Any security measures implemented by us may not be removed, uninstalled, or bypassed. It is not allowed to decompile the software programming, to delete the coding, to multiply or translate the coding, or to subject it to reverse engineering in any other way.
All intellectual property rights with regard to the App (including the software programming, the Content, the look & feel, name, and other materials) are exclusively granted to us or our licensors. Such rights cannot be wholly or partially transferred.
Even though, with respect to the App, including the Content, we have committed ourselves to apply the utmost care, we do not accept any liability with regard to the occurrence of possible malfunctions or other deficiencies, including and especially with regard to incomplete or inaccurate Content. The use of the App and the Content is solely at your own risk. We will not accept any liability for damages resulting from the use of the App and the Content.
The right to use the App shall terminate when our agreement with your employer ends, regardless of the reason for this termination. If so agreed, we will offer you the option to continue the use of the App after the termination of our agreement with your employer.
We reserve the right to change these conditions of use. Notification of an amended version will be given via the App. Should you not agree to the changes in these conditions, you can terminate the use of the App. Should you continue to use the App after the changes have been implemented, it is presumed that you have accepted the amended version of the conditions of use.
Should you have any questions about the use of the App, these conditions of use, or the processing of your personal details, please contact us via info@tsuru-online.nl. The conditions of use can also be consulted on the website www.tsuru-online.nl.


Mānea Fleur is timeless beauty in the form of a classic gift.
A Christchurch based, online gift boutique, we are inspired to create the perfect gift for your favourite people. Simple elegance is our forté!
Order Online - Simply choose your gift from our 'shop' page, check out - we will look after the rest!
Delivery - Orders placed before 11am between Monday and Friday will be delivered the following Business Day.
If you have a special time/date requirement, please let us know in the notes at checkout.
If you would like your gift delivered outside of Christchurch, please contact us before placing your order, as there may be an additional delivery cost.
Please make sure someone will be at the address you have given us. We will not leave our flowers if someone is not there, as this is not good for them. If this happens, not to worry, we can organise re-delivery, but at an additional cost.
Please note, we currently deliver only to Christchurch and surrounds.


text:
In Conversation: Shania Choir
It's their prerogative to have a little fun: the Shania Choir on singing, community and the Queen herself.
Shania Choir
What is it about Shania Twain's discography that made you honour her with an a cappella choir?
She is queen! Shania's music was such a strong voice for a lot of us when we were growing up; we have fond memories of singing along to her in the living room and sassing anyone that walked past with her tunes. There's rarely an artist that has been as successful as her (she just got awarded the Billboard Icon award last year!) and we think she's worth all the honour.
How did the choir actually start - what was the aha! moment?
Shania Choir started as the brain child of Amateur Hours creator, Laura Imbruglia. For AH's launch last year, she had the brilliant thought to pull together a bunch of friends for a once off, hilarious a cappella choir in wigs and four-part harmony. Peopled seemed to love it as much as we did, so we thought, hey, why not, let's do it more!
It's not an easy task to set up a choir from scratch - what did you learn during the process?
So much. The brunt of the responsibility has landed on the shoulders of Alex Morris, who is one of Australia's top choir masters, conductors and arrangers. He skilfully turned Shania into a choral dream and we couldn't be luckier. One of our favourite things we've learnt is how to position choir members next to each other so that each voice blends as perfectly as it can into the next. We've also learnt how much people love Shania - it's ridiculous. It's like we've just validated everyone's 90s renaissance and we're more than happy to do it!
What can the audience expect from this concert experience?
Think drag, leopard print, harmonies, sass, and occasional awkward dancing. One thing they might not be expecting is to come away having learnt a bit more about Shania's life. We've weaved some short monologues in between each song to highlight her incredible journey to fame.
Shania Choir is proof that choral singing does not have to revolve around obscure works. For young singers interested in getting involved in group singing, how do you recommend they get started?
The first bit is easy - ask. Post on Facebook, or ask your friends who else might be interested and go from there. I think it all starts with an idea and a goal - once you've got that, it's easy for people to get behind. I'm sure that at least half of Shania Choir's success (if any) will be because of the name.
Can you share your favourite Shania songs?
That's hard! They're all so loved, but perhaps I'd pick 'Don't be Stupid' and 'I'm Gonna Getcha Good'.
In Conversation: Joby Talbot
My Rehearsal Room: Lucy Kong
In Conversation: Dianne Reeves


text:
9 Most Common Sleep Disorders
by DiscoveryHealth.com writers
Getting Enough Sleep Image Gallery Sleep disorders often disrupt a peaceful night's slumber -- but they can also affect everyday life. See more sleep pictures.
Whether you have a sleep disorder and you're looking for sleep disorder information, or you're looking to find ways to counteract your sleep disorder, this sleep disorders primer will give you relevant sleep disorders information to help you get the good night's sleep you desperately need.
Lying in bed, waiting for sleep to come can be a bit like spending the night in a slow-motion hell. The clock seems not to move, each environmental sound, from a dripping faucet to the dog snoring at the foot of the bed, seems amplified, and insignificant daytime events can take on a menacing life of their own. Welcome to sleeplessness.
Sleep disorders, from insomnia to sleep apnea to sleep deprivation due to work schedules or caring for sick family members, take an enormous toll on sufferers and society at large. The National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research estimates that 40 million Americans suffer from chronic sleep disorders and another 20 to 30 million experience sleep problems intermittently. And since sleep disorders increase with aging, those suffering from chronic sleep disorders are expected to rise to 79 million and those suffering from intermittent problems to increase to 40 million by 2010, as the U.S. population ages.
The costs of sleep-related problems are staggering. The commission estimated direct costs of sleeplessness at $15.9 billion annually and another $100 billion or more in indirect costs, such as litigation, property destruction, hospitalization and death resulting from sleep disorders and sleep deprivation.
Sleep problems can be induced by overconsumption of caffeine or alcohol, may be a side effect of medications, or can develop as secondary effects of another illness, such as arthritis, or a bladder condition, or a psychological disorder such as depression. But in a large number of cases, primary sleep disorders are the cause of sleeplessness or disrupted sleep.
Although more than 200 sleep disorders centers exist in the United States, experts estimate that 95 percent of those suffering from sleep disorders go undiagnosed, suffering needlessly from conditions that could be treated.
On the following pages, you will find descriptions of the 9 most common sleep disorders.
Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder
Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder
Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Syndrome
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
1: Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder
People who suffer from delayed sleep phase disorder have an especially hard time waking up in the morning.
Dougal Waters/Getty Images
What is it? When a person's biological clock gets out of sync with accepted norms, sleep disorders arise. In delayed sleep phase insomnia, the person falls asleep and awakens later than required for normal activities such as work and school. Once the person falls asleep, however, his or her sleep is restful and uninterrupted. Awakening at an acceptable time, even with an alarm clock, is extremely difficult. Resulting symptoms include daytime sleepiness, particularly in the morning; fatigue; impaired memory and concentration; low productivity, particularly in the morning.
How common is it? Relatively rare (fewer than 2 percent of those seeking help at sleep disorder clinics are diagnosed with it). It frequently begins during childhood and is most common during adolescence. These symptoms are also seen in people suffering from depression.
What's the treatment? Two therapies are used:
Chronotherapy—This technique re-sets the person's biological clock by having the person stay up and awaken three hours later each day over a several-day period until their sleep and awake times are in sync with others. During that time they cannot nap, and once they've changed their schedule they must maintain it even on weekends (varying it by no more than an hour) to prevent the return of the problem.
Light therapy—This technique uses bright lights (as bright as sunlight) for two hours in the morning and avoids bright light for several hours before bedtime to shift the sleep-wake cycle. Special light boxes for this purpose are available through medical supply sources and are similar to those used to treat people with seasonal affective disorder.
2: Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder
What is it? This condition, in which the person's biological clock shifts to earlier hours—typically falling asleep before 9 p.m. and awakening between 3 and 5 a.m. and failing to return to sleep.
How common is it? This condition occurs most often in older people. In fact, some doctors believe it is more a normal consequence of aging than a disorder.
What's the treatment? Light therapy is effective in helping people to delay their sleep phase. The person is administered bright light (through special light boxes purchased through medical supply sources. They are similar to those used to treat seasonal affective disorder) for two hours before bedtime, which helps to delay sleep, and avoided at other times.
3: Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Syndrome
Is your biological clock on a different schedule from the rest of the world?
James Darrell/Photodisc/Getty Images
What is it? In this condition, the person's biological clock is 25 hours or longer, meaning that sleep and wake times are continually getting later.
How common is it? While this condition is rare, it seems to be more common in the blind than in the general population. One study showed that 75% of blind people complain of sleep problems. This may, in part, be due to the lack of light cues for waking and sleeping.
What's the treatment? Light therapy, in which the person is exposed to bright lights (as bright as sunlight) for two hours in the morning and avoids bright light for several hours before bedtime to shift the sleep-wake cycle, can be effective in patients with sight.
4: Jet Lag
What is it? Also known as time-zone change, jet lag is a disruption in sleep patterns following travel across time zones. It occurs because the traveler's internal "clock" is out of sync with the new time zone. Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, difficulty arising, and disrupted sleep, all leading to daytime sleepiness, headache and general malaise.
How common is it? Jet lag is a common problem for travelers, and more common in those over 50 than in those under 30. Incidence varies depending on how many time zones and the direction of travel. When traveling westward, the traveler's internal clock is ahead of local time and the traveler typically tires early and awakens early. When traveling eastward, the traveler's internal clock is behind local time and the traveler typically falls asleep and awakens later than local time, and often is very sleepy during the day and particularly in the morning. These effects may be felt a day or two after travel. Frequent travelers can develop chronic jet lag symptoms.
What's the treatment? In general, traveling westward is easier than traveling eastward. A westward traveler can make up for about a 1.5-hour difference per day; an eastward traveler makes up about one hour per day. Adjusting to travel from Los Angeles to New York, for example, (a three-hour time difference) would take three days, but only two days on the return trip.
Some steps that can minimize the effects of jet lag are to adjust your sleep schedule to the new location during the days preceding your trip. Avoid alcohol and caffeine during your trip. Both can effect the quality of your sleep. Taking 5 mg. of melatonin at bedtime during the first few days following arrival may help in adjustment. Some prescription short-acting hypnotics can help relieve jet lag. Exercise and keeping well hydrated (with nonalcoholic or caffeine-free drinks) can also help in the adjustment to a new time zone. Light therapy, as used in advanced and delayed sleep disorders, may help in adjustment.
5: Shift Work
Take steps to help your body adjust to new work and sleep schedules.
Paul Burns/Lifesize/Getty Images
What is it? The constant changing of sleep patterns among day, evening and night shifts has been linked to gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disease, increases in alcohol and tranquilizer use, and chronic sleep disorders.
How common is it? About 20 million U.S. workers, or about 22% of the workforce, are shift workers.
What's the treatment? Studies have found several methods can be effective in dealing with the impact of shift work on sleep. Using extremely bright lights during night-shift work and having a darkened bedroom at home can help adjustment. Exercise programs can help, and melatonin taken at bedtime can also be useful.
6: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
What is it? Obstructive sleep apnea is the temporary cessation of breathing due to the blockage of the upper airways during sleep. These brief obstructions result in many sleep interruptions each hour, which dramatically affects the quality of sleep. Since these awakenings are rarely remembered, sleep apnea sufferers are unaware of the source of their symptoms: daytime drowsiness, increased irritability or depression, decreased concentration and work productivity and even an increased number of traffic accidents. In fact, the excessive daytime drowsiness often is mistaken for narcolepsy. Loud, consistent snoring is a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea.
How common is it? Sleep apnea is suffered by about 4% of men and about 2% of women.
What's the treatment? Overweight sufferers of obstructive sleep apnea benefit from weight loss. Avoidance of alcohol, narcotics and sedatives, which increase OSA incidence. Some patients respond to bedtime doses of protriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, and several other prescription medications. For most, however, other measures are needed. These include:
Position alarms, which sound if the person remains on his back (the position in which most apnea incidents occur) for more than 15 seconds. These and sewing tennis balls into the back of sleep shirts to prevent sleeping on the back are used.
Dental appliances that shift the jaw forward, expanding the airway.
Surgery to repair upper airway (tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, or a resectioning of the uvula and soft palate).
Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), a device that delivers a stream of air through a mask worn over the nose during sleep.
7: Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy can be dangerous -- especially if the person falls asleep behind the wheel.
Adam Gault/Digital Vision/Getty Images
What is it? Narcolepsy is characterized by extreme, overwhelming sleepiness during the day. It is caused by a dysfunction of the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and waking. The person may suddenly fall asleep in midsentence, while at work, or behind the wheel of a car. Other symptoms of narcolepsy include the sudden loss of muscle tone while awake when surprised or upset (which can be severe enough to cause a collapse), and vivid hallucinations as the person is falling asleep, and sleep paralysis, a condition in which the body's normal paralysis of large muscles during REM sleep fails to end upon waking. Narcolepsy appears to run in families.
How common is it? Narcolepsy is rare, occurring in about 100,000 Americans. It may start in childhood but typically peaks in young adulthood.
What's the treatment? The symptoms of narcolepsy can be found in several other conditions, including obstructive sleep apnea, so accurate diagnosis is critical. Researchers now believe that narcolepsy is caused by the lack of receptors for the neurotransmitter hypocretin, which regulates the sleeping and waking states. Modafinil, which promotes alertness, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of narcolepsy. Behavioral changes that can help include avoiding caffeine nicotine and alcohol in the late afternoon or evening, regular exercise at least three hours before bedtime, and scheduling several short naps or one longer nap (20 to 40 minutes) each day.
8: Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
What is it? Restless Leg Syndrome is characterized by aching, itching, tingling and burning in the lower legs as the sufferer is falling asleep and typically requires him or her to get up and walk around for relief. The aching may also be accompanied by periodic limb movements that may continue for minutes or hours. It typically develops in middle age and appears to run in families. (Goetz: Textbook of Clinical Neurology, 1114)
How common is it? RLS occurs in about 2 to 5 percent of adults.
What's the treatment? Restless leg syndrome responds to levodopa, a drug also used to treat Parkinson's disease, and several other medications. Symptoms may be reduced by avoiding or reducing caffeine and alcohol and establishing a regular exercise program.
9: Sleepwalking
The stereotypical image of a sleepwalker: arms outstretched, eyes closed.
Image Source Black/Getty Images
What is it? Sleepwalking, which is most common in children, occurs during stage 3 and stage 4 sleep, the deepest levels, and is thought to be caused by a partial arousal from deep sleep. While the child's brainwaves are those of deep sleep, the sleepwalker moves as though awake. The episodes are typically brief—less than ten minutes—and usually occur during the first three hours of sleep. The sleepwalker usually has no recollection of the event in the morning.
How common is it? Sleepwalking occurs in more than 10% of children. Most children outgrow it. It appears to run in families. Sleepwalking episodes may be triggered by fever or some medications. Unpredictable sleep schedules, sleep deprivation and stress may also contribute to sleepwalking episodes.
What's the treatment? The child's safety during these episodes is of primary concern. Parents should ensure that doors and windows are locked and that no objects are left out that could cause falls or other injuries. When a child is sleepwalking, gently guide the child back into bed. Don't try to awaken him.
Hypnosis can be an effective treatment. Medications such as benzodiazepine or tricyclic antidepressants at bedtime can also be effective, but rebound episodes often occur when the medication is stopped.
How Do You Sleep When Sailing Solo for 4,000 Miles?
Four weeks and 4,000 miles is a long time to get by on catnaps during a solo sailing race.
9 Tips to Stop Snoring
Top 10 Ways to Improve Your Memory
Top 10 Brain Myths
10 Most Profitable Drugs
Top 10 Weirdest Prescription Drug Side Effects
Top 10 Physical Energy Zappers
Why Are You So Tired? 5 Most Common Sleep Mistakes
How Night Terrors Work
Is sleep that important?
More Bad News for People With Insomnia
Can You Fall Asleep With Your Eyes Open?
How Sleep Consolidates Our Memories


The University of Glasgow was founded in 1451, making it the fourth oldest university in England. The main campus is located in the West End of the city, with some other university buildings being situated outside the city centre. The Guardian has recently ranked the University of Glasgow 24th out of 119 Universities in the UK, in their 2016 University League Tables.
Glasgow provides student accommodation for first year students at the Glasgow Campus as well as the Dumfries Campus. Students have the choice of 6 self catered residences in Glasgow as well as 1 catered residence, whilst the Dumfries students have a choice of 3 self catered residences.
The University is home to two students unions; Glasgow University Union and Queen Margaret Union. Students are able to use both students unions as they cater for different student interests. The GUU focus mainly on students involved in debating and sports clubs, whilst the QMU is a premier music venue which has hosted acts such as Red Hot Chilli Peppers and Biffy Clyro.


Acorn's Slopeside Bootie is great for lounging with the crew after a day on the slopes.
Materials: Durable suede and ragg wool upper and rawhide ties with 100% shearling wool lining. Rubber outsole for indoor / outdoor use.
Care: Hand wash cold. Air dry.
Works as slippers in house and goes out the door on the go!
Love these slippers. Will be very warm this winter in Montana.
I wear these boots whenever it is chilly outside. I have hardwood floors, and these boots do a great job keeping me feet warm!
I would give these 5 stars if it weren't for the leather ties. They keep coming undone. Once I replace the ties I think I will be very satisfied.
I did not care for these boots.
I didn't care for the fit of these boots, to uncomfortable. I returned them at of course my expense of 13.81. Very pricey to return, not sure I would order from here again.
This warm slipper is great and feels so good.
Overall, I find these slippers are very nice and some people have admired them. They look good even with my sweatpants and my jeans....and housecoat.
I bought this as a Christmas gift and it was a big hit!
Product didn't come in half sizes. So I ordered the next whole size. They fit perfectly! Also the light color and style was a big hit.
Acorn's Slopeside Bootie is great for lounging with the crew after a day on the slopes. Made of genuine suede and ragg wool, these slippers keep your feet toasty and warm apres anything.


text:
Q: Submitting a form via AJAX not working I am trying to use Jquery and AJAX to submit a small contact form without page refresh. I got the code from another Stackoverflow thread but when I try to submit a form and click submit button nothing happens. I don't even get any error messages on console also . So can any one tell me what I am doing wrong here. Here is the form
 <form id="contactform" name="contactForm">
       <input type="text" name="name"/>

       <input type="text" name="email"/>

      <textarea name="comment">

      </textarea>

<input type="submit"/>

       </form>

Here is JS:

and finally here is post.php file.
<?php
echo $_POST['fullname']."
";
echo $_POST['email']."
";
echo $_POST['comment']."
";

?>

Here is the url of the page which has the form: http://contestlancer.com/davidicus/
If you click on the small message icon in the header logo you will see contact form.
Regards
Ahmar

A: You're sending request to form.php  and you said your file name is post.php. Change this part:
request = $.ajax({
        url: "form.php",
        type: "post",
        data: serializedData
    });

To:
request = $.ajax({
        url: "post.php",
        type: "post",
        data: serializedData
    });


What are some of the treatments that my dentist might recommend for periodontal disease?
What happens after I receive treatment for periodontal disease?
What is the AAP and what do they say about these treatment options?
According to the treatment guidelines set forth by the AAP, "periodontal health should be achieved in the least invasive and most cost-effective manner. This is often accomplished through non-surgical procedures".3 Treatment results are dependent on the patient keeping up with at-home care and maintenance therapy.
Can periodontal disease contribute to health problems beyond the mouth?
Am I at risk for periodontal disease? What can I do to reduce my risk?
I'd like to treat my periodontal disease using the least invasive and most cost-effective treatment. What are my treatment options?
Will you treat my periodontal disease, or do you recommend I see a periodontist?
1 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. "Periodontal (Gum) Disease: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments," http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/OralHealth/Topics/GumDiseases/PeriodontalGumDisease.htm. Accessed 04/17/2018.
2 American Academy of Periodontology. "Types of Gum Disease," http://www.perio.org/consumer/types_gum-disease.html. Accessed 04/17/2018.
3 American Academy of Periodontology. "Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment," http://perio.org/consumer/non-surgical. Accessed 04/17/2018.
4 American Academy of Periodontology. "About Us," http://perio.org/about-us. Accessed 04/17/2018.


text:
Demon Doubt
An interview with Vivian Gornick
Vivian Gornick Rebecca Tuhus-Dubrow
Categories: Arts in Society, Gender & Sexuality, Politics
Topics: Books & Ideas, Criticism, Feminism, Fiction, Religion
Reporter Rebecca Tuhus-Dubrow talkes with writer and critic Vivian Gornick about her new book, The Men in My Life. The collection, gathering criticism on a range of writers, won Gornick praise from Library Journal as "a vigorous and sophisticated thinker," whose essays "explore the inner conflicts of the authors . . . and illustrate how magnificent the literary yield of human frailty can be."
Tuhus-Dubrow: In this book, you describe finding the struggle toward inner freedom that you identify with feminism in the work of male authors. Is its presence stronger in the work of male authors than in that of female authors?
Gornick: No. I say in the book that all writers deal with the demon of self-doubt. But when I was a young feminist, I was so concentrated on its power over women that it took me a while to come back to what, of course, I had understood before. By the time my apprenticeship, so to speak, in feminism was over, I read male authors with new ears and eyes. That's what it means to reread—rediscovering old knowledge.
What drives you to read a particular book?
There are people who feel obliged to read right up to the minute, whatever's new and talked about. I'm not one of those people. I have never read with an agenda. But I do feel that I have my job as a reader, to engage fully with whatever I'm reading, that's the only thing that matters.
How do you see your job as a critic?
I feel about writing criticism as I would about writing out of imagination. It has exactly the same responsibilities as any other kind of writing. Criticism is a window through which the writer looks and sees the world. What's most important is those particular eyes and that particular vision and that particular way of seeing. Which, if you're lucky, grows more and more coherent as you grow older. It's a way of looking at things that I've found myself applying, not mechanically, not by virtue of agenda. So that there are all kinds of things I don't feel obliged to read because I don't feel they will deepen my way of seeing the world.
In your criticism, you often analyze the authors as people, as well as the work itself. Do you draw any distinction between the two?
I only analyze people in relation to the work. The people that I have written about are very autobiographical. H.G. Wells, for example. I don't write about him in relation to his fiction, or even his nonfiction, but in relation to his memoir. I hope I analyze the authors as people when it's truly relevant and truly contributes.
One thing I've noticed that recurs in your work—you describe writers who are able to be alone with themselves and the reader. For example, you referred to Wells as being alone with himself.
That is the aim, isn't it—to be alone with yourself. We live in a world, in a culture that has misused the word loneliness. Our culture seems to be explaining itself in terms of a flight from loneliness. The question that interests me and many others is an old one: who is there in the room when you're alone? What is it you're fleeing when you're fleeing loneliness? Are you fleeing the fact that you can't deal with yourself? You're not able to occupy your own skin? The writers in these essays all raise these questions for me.
In the essay on Saul Bellow and Philip Roth, you write about the relationship between Jewishness and misogyny. Could you elaborate?
These Jewish American writers, they have written more virulently, more violently, more angrily about women than have their gentile counterparts. There are very few gentile writers of their age—John Updike, for example—who can write about women the way Roth and Bellow write. They're too sure of themselves. Roth and Bellow suffer from feeling like such outsiders in gentile culture that savaging women seems justified. So in that sense there's a connection between Jewishness and misogyny. I don't think Jews are more misogynistic than gentiles. We're talking about these writers.
I'm not sure I understand. You note that their misogyny increased as they became more renowned.
When people feel suppressed—take feminists, for instance. Women woke up realizing they'd been second-class citizens, and they did not wake up feeling mild and gentle and happy to be getting any crumbs of equality. They woke up in a rage. The movement did not emerge until the time had come when society at large was able to respond to it. So we were closer to being equalized or liberated or heard. And the closer we got, oddly enough, the angrier we were. It's the same with them. But they're Jewish. They hated having to be polite Jews. When the time came and they felt they could open their mouths and write as they would wish to, they were closer, society was actually closer to accepting assimilation. The irony is that the closer they got, the more enraged they got.
And why do you think it gets translated into hating women rather than gentiles?
It's an old, old story. Look at how badly people treat each other in family life. If you feel powerless, it is an unhappy truth that you turn on the one closest to you, instead of turning on the true source of the problem. It's displaced anger.
When you gave a recent speech on Roth and Bellow, I understand that some of the audience members had a contentious reaction.
Roth and Bellow are titanic figures, they're beyond criticism. But really, what I am saying in this piece is that Jewish writing is over. That is the point of contention.
Jewish Americans did something in American literature that no other culture has done—they created world-class literature out of the immigrant experience. And that's the only thing that mattered in Jewish American writing. Had Roth and Bellow not been major talents, you wouldn't have Jewish American writing. It wouldn't mean anything. It would just be parochial, local.
But we cannot have major talent writing this stuff anymore because there's nothing to write about. What made them major was their gripe, the chip on their shoulders. The rage that they felt at the world for keeping them out. That experience became a great metaphor. There is no hyphenated Jewish experience anymore. I have two nieces who are both Ivy League babies and they're in the ruling class. There's nothing they can't do. Nothing.
So there's nothing to talk about. There's really nothing to write about. Yet you have young people who keep on doing it. All I'm saying is, it doesn't count. Take Michael Chabon, or Jonathan Safran Foer. They're cashing in on a world that's long gone and they're writing with open nostalgia. They're making things out of it that belong to their grandfathers. It's a habit to go on assuming that this is legitimate writing. But I truly feel it is not.
What are your thoughts about the fate of feminism?
The fate of feminism as a force, as a philosophy, as an action, as a vision, as a yearning will go on spreading its way through until it accomplishes its goals. My generation was very lucky to be alive in a time when it reawakened with visionary force.
A struggle for equality just doesn't complete itself. Every fifty years it reawakens with new force, and it makes this much progress, and then it stops. But it never goes back to where it was before. It's the longest and the oldest struggle in history. There's more fear and anxiety attached to equality between men and women than anything else. Everyone's afraid of it, men and women alike. That's our problem.
And it's such a contrast to what you're saying about the progress of Jewish Americans.
Absolutely. There isn't a black person in the world today who wants to remain a slave, who wants to remain at the wrong end of the racist dynamic. But there are lots of women who want to remain as they are.
Rebecca Tuhus-Dubrow
Rebecca Tuhus-Dubrow has written for Slate, The New York Times, and The Nation. @BeccaTuDu
Vivian Gornick
Vivian Gornick's books include The Odd Woman and the City, Fierce Attachments, The End of the Novel of Love, The Men In My Life, and Emma Goldman: Revolution as a Way of Life. She teaches writing at The New School.
In Search of Foucault's Last Words
Against the philosopher's dying wish, the final volume of History of Sexuality has now been published. How should we approach it, and what can it teach us about how Christianity shaped the modern self?
Mark D. Jordan


If you watched the matches yesterday at the ATP Finals you may have noticed in the Roger Federer-Andy Murray semifinal that the crowd was almost evenly divided between two favorites. The surprising this is Murray is a Briton playing in London, yet at times it sounded like Roger had the greater cheering section.
After his 76, 62 win over Murray, Federer said he wasn't surprised by the support he received from the British fans because he gets it everywhere.
"I always get a lot, but sometimes the opponent gets more," Federer said, speaking about his passionate fan base. "It's been a long, long time since I haven't gotten any support. Let's put it that way. I have always the opportunity to play on center court or on the second court at the big events, which is like a center court, too. It's something definitely that makes playing well easier, to be quite honest. I guess because I've been in the game for so long, I do have many people who just enjoy watching me play or feel like it's a throwback maybe to the back‑in‑the‑day times when they used to play with one‑handed backhands, and they like me because of those things.
Federer is a global brand and he is adored everywhere he plays. In Davis Cup, that could be different especially if he played a Rafael Nadal in Spain or Novak Djokovic in Serbia.
Later today Federer will have the crowd in his pocket against when he faces Djokovic for the ATP Finals crown. Federer has won the event six times and he's beaten the Serb in their two most recent meetings.
I have some fans too, you know.
Yes indeed. Your "humility" is widely appreciated just like the "arrogance" of the "arrogant one".
It was quite strange to see so much support for Roger. Perhaps there were a lot of non-Brits in the audience. Here is an interesting view on the matter.
Here is one more view.
Interesting view rogerafa. I'd imagine it's an international audience at the O2. Besides which, not long ago there was a thing on the ATP site about how Fed and Rafa have like 10 million FB fans, so no doubt they will have lots of fans everywhere.
rogerafa: the comments are even more interesting than the article and give some perspective.


something I've been through before.
I have no sense of style when it comes to dress up.
Dank memes, Vaporwave and pink are my aesthetic.
passion of mine a full-time job.
Take a tour to my gallery to see what I'm into ❤.
LillayFran has started a donation pool!
Every bit is very important and appreciated!
"friends, we want to create a Dislestia week if you want to start until January or February. create fanfics, cosplays, pvv videos or new arts. all."
and i though it was a good idea so why not make it happen so here is the thing.
So would you like to join?
La Frulla e le TORTA!!


I offer range of wedding photography package which provided a variety of coverage options. Hopefully one of them will be perfect for you. You can view them all here. If you're looking for something a little different, you can always contact us me and I'll be happy to help.
The essential coverage captures the wedding ceremony and drinks reception. This is usually when the majority of your formal group photography will take place.
For half-day coverage, you can choose to have either the bridal preparations captured through to the start of the wedding breakfast or from the ceremony through to the end of the speeches.
And finally with all-day coverage, your whole day will be documented starting with the bridal preparations through to the end of the first dance, providing life long memories, telling the story of your wedding day with beautiful, creative, wedding photographs. View our Wedding Packages for further details.
Below are some of the main questions wedding photography questions. Click on the headings to expand the questions.
Once you have decided that Stewart is the photographer for you, Your date can be secured by the payment of a booking fee. A contractual booking form is also required signing at the same time. We can meet up for a chat and a flick through some sample albums, there's plenty here for you to view. But if meeting before-hand isn't possible, we can do everything online and by email. For further piece of mind, there are plenty of verified references available to view online. Wedding Photographers in Bristol.
To book Stewart, a completed contractual booking form and a booking fee of £100 is required. Cheque, cash or online payment is fine. We can do this when we meet, or you can do it all securely online. Don't forget to like me on facebook and keep in touch!
Whenever you're ready, we'll meet up to talk details. Closer to the date, your plans for time and locations will be much clearer, so is ofter better to meet then. If you haven't got in touch around a month before the wedding, I'll be in touch. Remember summer weekends are really busy, so allow plenty of time. There's no need to make it the same time of year or day as your wedding – conditions are not that predictable in this country!
Depending on the time of year, between two and three weeks after the wedding, your photographs will be available online in a private gallery (You'll receive an email as soon as they're ready). You can give the gallery details to your friends and family so the can also enjoy viewing your photos. The option is also there for your guests to purchase prints.
If you are having a disc only package, your images will be in the post shortly after. These are the high resolution, non-watermarked files ready for you to print yourselves. The actual number of photographs supplied varies. It's typically between 300-700 depending on how long I'm with you for. But please don't compare photographers based on how many photographs you get. It's the stunning images within the collection that stay with you for life, and the creative coverage of all the events, details and emotions of the day that matters. Any idiot could give you 2000 terrible pictures!
We're ready to start designing as soon as you choose your album photos. Once the album design is completed (allow 2-3 weeks), you can either choose to see an online visual first or you can give the go ahead and have a lovely surprise seeing the finished album! As a guide, storybook albums take around 1 to 2 weeks for completion, and matted albums can take up up to 4 weeks as they are all individually hand crafted albums.
The online visual of your album is to offer you piece of mind that your album will be amazing! Occasionally couples ask to make a few picture swops, that's fine. But please understand that a lot of hours have gone into the design, ensuring that each spread is balance right. The album visual isn't a proof for you to start changing.
How about a 'Photo Booth' during your evening party?
For extended evening coverage, a studio setup (aka photo booth) can be available to capture professional 'studio looking' (formal and fun) photographs of you and your guests – another great way to capture photographs of your friends and family!
For added fun, props are available (dress-up items, wigs, mustaches, glasses etc.) – get away from the formal shots and allow your guests to have some fun – great wedding entertainment and and even more delight for you when browsing your photos!
The Photo-Booth option can be added to any package which includes coverage of the First Dance and is usually available for an hour afterwards providing extended coverage.
Our wedding photography packages also offer a variety of wedding albums. Below are some brief descriptions of each style. You can also take a look at our Wedding Albums page for further details including example page designs and cover options.
The Album Box Set is the perfect box set duo for your wedding day photographs and images. This new storybook wedding album is presented in a personalised matching box case, along with a matching USB. There's also an exclusive edition, which offers even more customisation!
The Perfetto Albums are true to its name, 'simply perfect'! They offer a seamless flush mounted design across the spreads. Cover options including acrylic photo cover & engraved brushed aluminium. The pages made using traditional photographic paper.
The Artbook Albums are similar to the Perfetto with seamless page designs, but are cleverly bordered with a traditional style taped edge which further enhances the storybook page layouts. The pages also feature metal corners for further style and protection.
Jorgensen Contemporary Albums are bespoke and made to order allowing you to choose the covering finish from a selection of colours and textured materials including leathers and gloss wood finishes. The covers can also feature an acrylic front picture to further enhance it's look. The pages are designed with a mixture of single and multi-aperture mat overlays (standard, twin or bevelcore mats). Jorgensen albums can be tailored to create your unique dream wedding album.


text:
Home Cycling Cyclist Struck Dead By Vehicle While Searching For Lost Taint
Cyclist Struck Dead By Vehicle While Searching For Lost Taint
COLLIERVILLE, TN- David Lomax of Memphis, TN recently suffered a fatal collision with an oncoming car during a group training ride. Friends of Lomax say that he was preparing for the Big Damn Bridge 100 mile bike ride in Little Rock, AR.
According to sources, David's long days and countless miles on a bicycle seat caused his taint to wiggle loose, detach from his body and go bouncing down the shoulder of the road. After pulling off on the side of the interstate to look for his missing taint, David was struck by a distracted driver.
One witness on the scene said, "I saw the whole thing. That taint just flew right off and went just a bouncin' down the road like a used catcher's mit. It didn't look like nothin' I ever saw."
We interviewed some of David's training partners who were at the event who said, "The hardest part of cycling is not the cardio or the leg strength, it's getting your taint up to snuff and preparing it for the pounding of a lifetime. If you have ever spent any time on a bike, you know what I am talking about."
Cycling coach and head-trainer, Taint Tuffman, reports, "It's tragic but David knew better. We made it clear from the start that any detached or dislocated taints were to be left where they lay until we could safely garner them."
David was an experienced ultra-runner and weightlifter who was just getting reacquainted with the sport of cycling. He was aware of the risks involved with preparing a taint to ride long distances.
He will be missed.
**David's teammates signed his taint and presented it to his grieving wife in a shadowbox at his funeral. It was beautiful.**
Previous articleCrossFit Gym Member Forced To Listen To Widespread Panic; Fails Drug Test
Next articleCDC Identifies CrossFit Gym as Source of Legionnaires Outbreak