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Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering
General Engineering and Cooperative Education
UNM Catalog 2021-2022
>Colleges
>School of Engineering
Christos Christodoulou, Dean
Centennial Engineering Center, Room 3071
https://engineering.unm.edu/
Engineers and computer scientists are creators, problem solvers and builders. They direct their imagination, ingenuity, resourcefulness and intelligence to the economical use of our natural resources. Few professions offer individuals greater challenge, stimulation and satisfaction of creative accomplishment. In these days, when breathtaking technological advances are commonplace and the impacts of technology are widely recognized, engineers and computer scientists require ever greater breadth and depth of mathematical and scientific knowledge, combined with a sympathetic appreciation of social, economic, ecological and human values. Engineers and computer scientists are not only the couplers of science and mathematics into human needs; they also are managers of people, resources and machines in effecting the satisfaction of these needs.
The School of Engineering (SOE) seeks to educate persons as engineers and computer scientists who are readily employable, contribute significantly in their jobs, have a strong public responsibility, and continue to learn. SOE also provides graduate-level programs for those who need to strengthen or extend their knowledge and abilities.
The curricula of the School of Engineering are designed to give students suitable education, attitudes and motivation for their entry into successful careers as practicing engineers, computer scientists, administrators, researchers or educators. The undergraduate programs are solidly founded on mathematics and the natural sciences, with additional emphasis placed upon human values and relations. Many graduates continue their formal education at the post-graduate level and work toward master's or doctoral degrees. Students must realize, however, that education does not stop with college graduation. True professional engineers and computer scientists never stop learning; they continually broaden their intellectual horizons.
Students in the School of Engineering have opportunities for scholarly study, laboratory exercise and research participation. They may interact with nationally recognized engineers and computer scientists. The University of New Mexico strongly believes that teachers must be competent professionals in their own right; faculty members are encouraged to participate actively in professional practice and research. This experience keeps the faculty involved with new developments, increases their understanding of subjects taught and gives students the benefit of their findings and personal experiences. Faculty and students work side by side in research and instructional laboratories.
Research organizations housed in and/or closely affiliated with the School of Engineering include: Center for High Technology Materials, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, High Performance Computing Education and Research Center, Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies, Alliance for Transportation Research, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Intelligent Systems Engineering Center, Manufacturing Training and Technology Center, Configurable Space Microsystems Innovations and Applications Center (COSMIAC), and Center for Water and the Environment.
The baccalaureate programs in Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Engineering, Construction Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Nuclear Engineering are accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission (EAC) of ABET, https://www.abet.org. The baccalaureate program in Computer Science is accredited by the Computing Accreditation Commission (CAC) of ABET, https:www.abet.org. The baccalaureate program in Construction Management is accredited by the Applied and Natural Sciences Accreditation Commission (ANSAC) of ABET, https:www.abet.org. Please visit the ABET Web site for more information. The School of Engineering is a member of the American Society for Engineering Education.
Bachelor of Science Degrees
The School of Engineering offers the degrees of:
Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering (B.S.Ch.E)
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (B.S.C.E.)
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering (B.S.Cp.E)
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (B.S.C.S.)
Bachelor of Science in Construction Engineering (B.S.Cn.E.)
Bachelor of Science in Construction Management (B.S.C.M.)
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering (B.S.E.E.)
Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering (B.S.M.E.)
Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Engineering (B.S.N.E.)
These curricula are designed as four-year programs for students who enter the program with all of the prerequisite skills and who carry the full course loads each semester. Students should anticipate more than eight regular semesters to complete the requirements for their degrees if they need preparatory courses to strengthen their skills or if they do not carry the prescribed course load every semester. Students who are employed while enrolled in coursework are typically advised not to carry a full course load each semester.
Shared-Credit Undergraduate/Graduate Degrees Programs
The School of Engineering offers Shared-Credit Undergraduate/Graduate Degrees Programs designed to allow students to complete a B.S. and M.S., or a B.S. and M.Eng. degree in five years (depending upon the student's mathematics preparation upon entering UNM as a first-year student). To accomplish this, some courses are counted towards both the Bachelor's and Master's degrees. Students must have already been admitted to a baccalaureate program in the School of Engineering, and will apply during the junior year of the baccalaureate program after completing 75 credit hours applicable to the B.S. degree. Admission to the graduate portion of this program is provisional, and is not finalized until the student satisfactorily completes the requirements for the B.S. degree.
School of Engineering courses that can be shared between B.S. and M.S. degrees fall into two categories: 1) courses that are designated variously as technical electives, track electives, engineering electives, management electives, or advanced science electives; in the shared-credit degrees program, these courses are be replaced by 500-level graduate courses that count towards both degrees, and 2) courses that are double-numbers at both the 400- and 500-levels; students in the shared-credit degrees program take some of these courses at the 500-level with the course counting towards both the B.S. and M.S. degrees.
This program is intended to facilitate both disciplinary and interdisciplinary B.S. and M.S. degree programs. The exact curriculum for each student is determined by the director of undergraduate studies for the student's B.S. degree and the director of graduate studies for the student's M.S. degree, and is approved by the School of Engineering Associate Dean for Academic Affairs.
Students pursuing an interdisciplinary Shared-Credit Undergraduate/Graduate Degrees program may be required to take prerequisite courses for the graduate level courses in the M.S. program. Thus, an interdisciplinary Shared-Credit Undergraduate/Graduate Degrees program may require more than the nominal five years to complete. Because the mathematics requirements for the Bachelor of Science in Construction Management (B.S.C.M.) do not match those for engineering or computer science degrees, no interdisciplinary shared-credit degrees programs are available to those students who are pursuing the B.S.C.M.
Further information regarding the shared-credit degrees programs can be found on the School of Engineering Web site and in the advising manuals for each department.
3-2 B.S./M.B.A. Program: The School of Engineering recognizes that many engineers become managers of engineering programs and projects and thus require training in business methods beyond their engineering training. In cooperation with the Anderson School of Management (ASM) at UNM, the School of Engineering offers a "3-2" program of studies leading to the B.S. and M.B.A. degrees in five years. This program involves selecting core and technical electives that are compatible with both degree programs and applying to the M.B.A. program at the end of the junior year of engineering studies. Prospective applicants must consult their departmental advisor in engineering and the advisors for the M.B.A. program in ASM for details of this program.
Dual Degrees in Combination with Other Colleges: If a student wishes to secure a degree in another college together with a School of Engineering degree, he or she is urged to seek advice early in the college program from the academic advisors of the colleges concerned. With care in selection of the program of studies, it is possible for students to secure a second degree in one additional year.
UNM Global and National Engineering Scholars Programs: The School of Engineering offers two shared-credit programs for students earning their B.S. degree from other universities. The Global Engineering Scholars Program and the National Engineering Scholars Program offer selected students the ability to count up to 9 credit hours from their B.S. degrees in engineering or computer science towards a UNM Master's degree in engineering or computer science. The Global Engineering Scholars Program seeks to educate students with rich and meaningful experiences across nations to become competitive in a globalized market. The National Engineering Scholars Program seeks to provide students from accredited institutions in the United States with a streamlined pathway to a Master's degree in engineering or computer science.
In order to participate in these programs, students must have completed at least 120 credit hours of the requirements for a B.S. degree. For many students, admission to these programs takes place upon completion of the B.S. degree from their home institution. For students from institutions outside the United States that offer engineering or computer science programs leading to the B.S. degree that require five years to complete, students finish at least 120 credit hours of coursework at their home institution, and complete a fifth year at UNM; upon completion of the coursework at UNM the student is awarded an M.S. from UNM and a B.S. from their home institution.
Since these programs are intended to provide an expedited pathway from the B.S. to an M.S. degree, only students who have completed the requirements for a B.S. degree within one year of application to the program are considered.
UNM School of Engineering has identified a list of domestic and international partner universities for these programs. Each School of Engineering department admits students to the National or Global Scholars program according to their normal admission rules and procedures. There is no GRE requirement for students applying to this program. Each School of Engineering department evaluates and approves up to 9 credit hours of appropriate undergraduate technical electives to be double-counted towards the M.S. requirements. The regular M.S. program requirements defined in the UNM Catalog apply.
Students from institutions that have not been identified as partners for this program may also apply, and are individually evaluated and considered.
High school students intending to study engineering or computer science are strongly advised to take four full years of high school English, mathematics and science. High school chemistry and physics are very important for preparation for engineering degrees. High school mathematics should include at minimum: two years of algebra, one year of geometry and one year of pre-calculus. High school courses in calculus and computer programming are highly recommended. Students are encouraged to take Enriched, Honors or AP classes in mathematics and the sciences.
Preparatory courses are provided for students who need to strengthen their skills in math and/or English. The skill levels for all entering freshmen are determined by the results from the ACT or SAT. Additional information regarding math placement is provided in the Schedule of Classes.
Admission to the School of Engineering
Students who meet certain criteria may be admitted to the School of Engineering in one of three ways: as freshmen in pre-major status; as internal or external transfers in pre-major status; or as internal or external transfers in department major status.
Freshman students admitted to UNM who declare a School of Engineering major and meet the criteria listed below are eligible for enrollment in the School of Engineering in a pre-major status. To be admitted in pre-major status, a student must have:
ACT math score of 25 or higher;
ACT English and Science scores of 19 or higher; and
ACT Reading score of 18 or higher.
Freshmen who do not initially meet the above criteria or any student wishing to transfer from University College, from other degree-granting colleges, from non-degree status or from other accredited institutions to the School of Engineering in the pre-major status must meet the following requirements.
MATH 1230 and MATH 1240 or equivalent with a grade of "C" or better;
Minimum 2.20 cumulative grade point average for all courses presented;
Minimum 2.50 grade point average in classes required in the curricula, including prerequisite classes;
Completion of no more than 24 credit hours that count toward a major in the School of Engineering, exclusive of credit hours in communications skills, humanities, social and behavioral sciences, fine arts and foreign languages; and
Accumulation of no more than 9 attempted credit hours with grades of D+, D, D-, F, or NC other than those subject to removal by academic renewal or use of the repeat policy.
Any courses required for a School of Engineering curriculum cannot have been attempted more than three times. An attempt includes receiving any letter grade (A through F), W, CR, NC, I or AUDIT. For the purposes of this requirement, coursework taken at other institutions is treated the same as coursework taken at UNM.
To be eligible for admission to one of the five departments in the School of Engineering in a department major status, students must, as a minimum, meet the following requirements. Some departments have stricter admission requirements. Academic records are maintained by the respective departments.
Completion of 26 credit hours of acceptable credit for a degree in the School of Engineering. Of these 26 hours of credit, at least 18 must be from the courses required in the first year curricula, excluding English, humanities, social and behavioral sciences, fine arts and foreign languages.
In addition to requiring a 2.20 grade point average for all courses presented, it is required that the 18 credit hours also yield at least a 2.50 grade point average and a grade of "C-" or better in each course.
Any specific program requirements, as noted in the departmental sections of this Catalog.
For additional information about pre-major status or other aspects of admission, contact Engineering Student Services, Centennial Engineering Center, Room 2080, (505) 277-4354.
Specific graduation requirements are as follows:
1. Candidates for bachelor's degrees must complete all of the work outlined in their respective curricula. The student is solely responsible for completing all requirements for graduation.
2. Students must file applications for degrees with their department chair during the second semester of their junior year but in no case later than when they have completed 100 credit hours acceptable toward the degree.
3. Each candidate for a degree must have at least a 2.00 GPA on work taken at UNM which is counted toward the degree and at least a 2.00 GPA on all work taken at UNM. Unless otherwise noted, each course required in a School of Engineering curriculum must be completed with a grade of "C-" or better in order to count towards graduation. Courses used to fulfill the UNM General Education curriculum require a grade of "C" or better. Departments may have more restrictive academic requirements which also must be met.
4. All coursework required for graduation in a School of Engineering degree program must be successfully completed within three attempts. This includes courses offered by other departments at UNM, such as mathematics and physics. An attempt includes receiving any letter grade (A through F), W, CR, NC, I or AUDIT. For the purposes of this requirement, coursework taken at other institutions is treated the same as coursework taken at UNM.
5. Students who have accumulated 30 or more credit hours of D+, D, D-, F, or NC other than those subject to removal by academic renewal or use of UNM repeat policy are not allowed to graduate from a School of Engineering degree program.
6. For minimum residence requirements, see the Undergraduate Program section of this Catalog on University-wide Graduation Requirements.
7. Physical education activity courses are not acceptable toward bachelor degree requirements in the School of Engineering.
8. Introductory Studies courses are not acceptable toward bachelor degree requirements in the School of Engineering.
9. Total number of credit hours required for graduation varies, depending on the specific program.
10. All baccalaureate degrees in the School of Engineering include the requirements of the UNM General Education curriculum. Due to accreditation standards in the School of Engineering, some programs require specific General Education courses. Refer to the Undergraduate Program section of this Catalog for the total list of courses.
Second Major
Students in the School of Engineering wishing to pursue a second major must work in conjunction with their program advisor and the departmental advisor of the second major to ensure that requirements for both majors are met. When all degree and major requirements are complete, only one degree will be awarded. For additional information, students should consult their program advisor.
Minor Study
Students pursuing the B.S.C.S. in Computer Science are required to complete a minor. See the Computer Science: Undergraduate Program section of this Catalog for further information.
Students pursuing other undergraduate degrees within the School of Engineering may complete a minor if they so desire. For the purpose of determining which courses from outside the School of Engineering may apply to a minor, the SOE considers all courses with an SOE subject code (CBE, CE, CS, ECE, ENG, ME, or NE) to be required courses in the curricula. All other courses (e.g. chemistry, English, math, physics, UNM General Education curriculum, etc.) are considered to be supporting courses in the curricula. For example, the calculus sequence of MATH 1512, 1522, and 2530, and other MATH courses are supporting courses. For the purposes of a minor, SOE allows students to apply supporting courses toward the requirements of their curriculum, and to count these same courses toward the requirements for a minor.
Peace Engineering Minor
For those schools and colleges accepting the Peace Engineering minor, the requirements are a total of 15 credit hours.
Required courses (6 credit hours):
ENG 220 – Engineering, Business, Sustainability, Ethics and Society
ENG 320 – Design Thinking, Project Management, Metrics, Data Models and Analytics
These courses will be modular, consisting of 2 to 3-week modules with flexible topics. The courses will be coordinated by a UNM engineering faculty member, but the modules will be delivered by guest experts from the Peace Engineering community including faculty at Drexel University, University of Colorado-Boulder, Stanford University, Purdue University, Georgia Tech, USC, and others including international partners.
Elective courses (9 credit hours):
Courses in fields related to Peace Engineering from other departments at UNM in areas such as: international studies; conflict, peace and diplomacy; society, environment and sustainability; indigenous, national and transnational identities; culture and arts, global perspectives; global markets, international institutions, global governance; rituals and belief systems; women and gender in the contemporary world. Consult an engineering advisor for UNM courses that can be applied to the PENG minor. See engineering advisors for a list of specific courses from partner institutions such as Drexel University and University of Colorado-Boulder that will apply to the PENG minor.
Collaborations: The Peace Engineering Minor will form collaborations with student organizations such as Engineers Without Borders (EWB), the Society of Women Engineers (SWE), the National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE), The Hispanic Engineering and Science Society (HESO), the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES), Out in STEM (O-STEM), and others.
Academic advising is mandatory each semester for all students in the School of Engineering. Students may not register for classes until after being advised. All School of Engineering students are advised by designated advisors in the departments.
Scholastic Regulations
Students should become familiar with the general academic and scholastic rules that apply to all students enrolled in the University. Special attention is called to the rules on probation, suspension, and dismissal for the School of Engineering.
Courses Numbered 300 or Above: School of Engineering courses numbered 300 and above are intended for students majoring in one of the SOE degree programs. Non-majors may only take these courses with the written permission of the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs. Students who are in pre-major status, or who have been admitted to one of the SOE degree programs may register for courses numbered 300 or above that are required in the junior and senior years of their program in the School of Engineering only if: 1) they are not more than 8 credit hours short of completing all freshman and sophomore requirements, including any 300-level courses within these requirements; 2) they have completed all prerequisites for the course in question; and 3) they take all remaining freshman and sophomore course requirements at that time; OR 4) they obtain written approval from the department in which the student's program resides. If a student fails a required course listed in the freshman or sophomore years of his or her program while enrolled in another required 300- or 400-level course, the student is not eligible to enroll in additional 300- or 400-level courses until all required courses listed in the freshman and sophomore years have been completed. Failure by a student to observe this rule can result in the student being placed on School of Engineering probation or dismissed from the School of Engineering.
The School of Engineering does not accept 300-level or above engineering courses which have been taken by extension or correspondence except by prior approval of the appropriate Department Chair and the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs.
Maximum Credit Hour Load: The maximum credit hour load for students in the School of Engineering is 18 credit hours, including physical education. Only in exceptional cases and with approval of the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs' office is a student be permitted to carry 21 or more credit hours.
Pass/Fail (CR/NC) Grading Option: Students in the School of Engineering may take only humanities, arts, languages and social and behavioral science electives and courses not counting toward their degrees on a pass/fail (CR/NC) basis. All other courses counting toward their degrees must be taken for a letter grade unless the course is offered only on a pass/fail basis. Any exceptions must be approved by the
Associate Dean for Academic Affairs.
Prerequisites and Corequisites: Students are required to fulfill all course prerequisites and corequisites as listed in this Catalog or required by the instructor of the course. Students who do not meet prerequisites and corequisites for a course are disenrolled from that course.
Warning, Probation, Suspension, and Dismissal
Students who are not making progress towards degree requirements due to poor grades are subject to the UNM policies on probation and suspension described in the Student Services Information section of this Catalog. In addition, the School of Engineering has policies on probation and dismissal from the School that are described below. Dismissal and suspension may be appealed at the School of Engineering.
Pre-Majors in the School of Engineering
Pre-major students in the School of Engineering are considered to be in good academic standing if their cumulative GPA is at least 2.3. Poor academic progress can trigger a Warning, Probation (P1, P2), Dismissal, or Suspension.
Warning: Students with a cumulative GPA of 2.3 to 2.4 receive a warning letter. Students with an acceptable cumulative GPA and a term GPA of 2.0 or less are also given a warning letter. This standing is not placed on the transcript or any official academic record.
P1 Probation: Students with a cumulative GPA of less than 2.3 are placed on probation. This standing will appear on the transcript.
P2 Probation: If previously on P1 Probation and cumulative GPA is less than 2.3 but term GPA is at least 3.0, the student will continue on Probation status for one semester only (P2). A term GPA of at least 3.0 is only required if a student did not reach a cumulative GPA of at least 2.3. This standing will appear on the transcript.
To be removed from P1 or P2 Probation, a student must have a cumulative GPA of at least 2.3.
Dismissal: Students on either category of Probation with a cumulative GPA of at least 2.0 but less than 2.3 and a term GPA less than 3.0 will be dismissed from the School of Engineering. Students may also be dismissed from the School of Engineering if they have attempted a course required for their degree three times without earning the minimum grade required by the program. This standing will appear on the transcript. See the "Graduation Requirements" section of this page for more information of the "three-attempts" rule. Students dismissed from the School of Engineering may continue study at a different College/School at UNM.
Suspension: Students in either category of Probation with a cumulative GPA less than 2.0 and a term GPA less than 3.0 will be suspended from UNM. This standing will appear on the transcript.
Majors in the School of Engineering
Students admitted to majors within the School of Engineering are considered to be in good academic standing if their cumulative GPA is at least 2.0. Poor academic progress can trigger a Warning, Probation (P1, P2), Dismissal, or Suspension.
Dismissal: Students will be dismissed from the School of Engineering if they have attempted a course required for their degree three times without earning the minimum grade required by the program. This standing will appear on the transcript. See the "Graduation Requirements" section of this page for more information of the "three-attempts" rule. Students dismissed from the School of Engineering may continue study at a different College/School at UNM.
Suspension: Students in P2 Probation with a cumulative GPA less than 2.0 will be suspended from UNM. This standing will appear on the transcript.
Testing (CLEP, AP and ACT)
The School of Engineering grants credit hours for courses in its degree programs for performance on nationally administered examinations only when specific course equivalence has been established by the University department associated with the subject matter of the course. (See CLEP Subject Examination and CEEB Advanced Placement Program.) Students may not have been previously enrolled or have earned a W grade in the course at UNM.
A student who scores high enough on the English portion of the Enhanced ACT exam or on the verbal portion of the SAT exam, as determined by the English Department and published in the Schedule of Classes, is not required to take ENGL 1110 or 1120. The student may graduate with fewer credit hours than normal, so long as the total degree credit hours do not fall below 120, or may make up the difference by taking another course.
Students transferring from another institution to UNM, from another college within the University to the School of Engineering, or from one program to another within the School of Engineering must comply with the academic requirements in effect at the time of the transfer. For additional University policies, see "Graduation Requirements" in the Undergraduate Program section of this Catalog.
A transfer student from another university who does not meet the requirements for admission to the School of Engineering may be eligible to enroll in other UNM units until the admission requirements have been met. If such a transfer student is ineligible to enroll in other UNM units, the student should seek advisement in the School of Engineering Student Programs Office.
The School of Engineering recognizes that ethnic minorities and women have been under-represented in the engineering and computer science professions and that this is a particularly important issue in New Mexico. Therefore, the School provides a variety of services through the Engineering Student Services Office. Study groups, tutoring, workshops, summer programs and scholarships are offered through these offices. Four student groups are also sponsored: Hispanic Engineering and Science Organization (HESO), American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES), National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE) and Society of Women Engineers (SWE). The primary goal of these programs and services is to increase the retention and graduation rates of minority students and women in engineering and computer science.
All students pursuing engineering degrees are encouraged to take the Fundamentals of Engineering Examination during their senior year as a first step toward becoming Registered Professional Engineers. Students in some degree programs are required to take this examination prior to graduation.
Military Studies
Students enrolled in Air Force, Naval or Army ROTC may need an extra semester to complete the requirements for both a degree and a commission. Students should consult an advisor or the department chair in planning their programs.
To be placed on the Dean's List in the School of Engineering, undergraduate students must achieve a minimum semester grade point average of 3.50 on a minimum of 15 credit hours that contribute to the GPA. Courses with a grade of CR do not count towards the 15 hour minimum. See "Dean's List" in the Student Services Information section of this Catalog for more information.
Students wishing to pursue graduate programs in engineering or computer science must meet both the requirements for admission to graduate study and the particular prerequisites established by the School of Engineering department through which the desired program is offered.
Applicants are normally expected to hold bachelor's degrees in the same field as their proposed graduate study. Departments also consider applicants holding bachelor's degrees in mathematics, the physical and biological sciences or other fields of engineering. In such cases, applicants are required to satisfy specified prerequisites, listings of which can be obtained from the Departmental Graduate Advisor. As conditional admissions are not granted, prospective students lacking the required background are advised to satisfy prerequisites on a non-degree basis before admission is sought. In some cases, students with a small prerequisite requirement may be admitted to graduate studies. Outstanding prerequisites are added to the degree requirement. All applicants must submit the results of the Graduate Record Exam General Test to the appropriate department prior to admission.
Interdisciplinary Concentration: In addition to the programs offered by the individual departments, concentrations involving disciplines from more than one department may be undertaken. These concentrations are tailored to accomplish specific goals. These interdisciplinary concentrations do not result in separately titled degrees. Rather, at the M.S. level, students receive their degrees from their resident engineering department. At the Ph.D. level, all students (with exception to Ph.D. in Computer Science students) receive the Ph.D. in Engineering with a concentration in a specific discipline. For further information contact the departments involved.
Financial Assistance: Most full-time graduate students in the School of Engineering are supported through research assistantships and/or teaching assistantships. Applications for and appointments to these assistantships are made by the individual departments. In addition, there are a limited number of fellowships available: contact the graduate advisor in the appropriate department for information on fellowships.
A program of graduate studies is offered by the School of Engineering leading to the Master of Science (M.S.) in Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Construction Management, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, and Optical Science and Engineering (jointly administered by the Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering).
The University, under the auspices of the departments of the School of Engineering, offers the M.S. program to any student holding a bachelor's degree from an accredited institution, if the student can qualify to pursue a major in one of the departments of the college. The graduate advisor of the department in which the student wishes to major, or a designated alternate, is the student's advisor and works out a program of studies for the student to follow in completing the requirements for the degree. A student may be required to take certain courses without degree credit to remove deficiencies or to broaden his or her training.
Plan I (Thesis)
A minimum of 24 credit hours of coursework, including a minimum of 15 hours in the major field.
A minimum of 9 credit hours of 500-level courses in the major and minor fields combined.
At least 18 credit hours completed at UNM.
Six to 9 credit hours of Thesis (599) credit, with a maximum of 9 credit hours of thesis and problems or independent research, combined.
Plan II (Project)
A minimum of 12 credit hours of 500-level courses in the major and minor field combined.
A limit of 6 credit hours of problems courses in the major and minor fields combined.
Completion of a master's project and/or master's exam.
Plan III (Coursework only)
No final examination is required.
NOTE: Individual department requirements may differ and may require more credit hours. See the appropriate departmental sections of this Catalog. Students must also meet all University-wide requirements as specified in the Graduate Program section of this Catalog.
One Year M.S. Program: The departments in the School of Engineering offer programs leading to the M.S. degree that can be completed in one calendar year. For further details, refer to the sections of this Catalog describing the graduate program in each department.
Concentration in Entrepreneurship and Technology Management
The School of Engineering offers a concentration in Entrepreneurship and Technology Management for the M.S. programs in Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, and Optical Science and Engineering. This program allows students pursuing these M.S. degrees at the School of Engineering to complement their technical training with the management and business skills required to be successful entrepreneurs. Concentration requirements are as follows:
15 credit hours minimum of graduate-level courses at the School of Engineering. Includes 3 credit hours for Project or Thesis.
1 credit hour of graduate seminar (if required by the department).
MGMT 512 Strategic Management of Technology.
Choose 3 from: MGMT 513, 514, 515, 516; or other courses as approved by advisor.
3 additional MGMT credit hours for Thesis, Project, or Business Plan.
The minimum total credit hours for the concentration is 30 (31 if the graduate seminar is required). Note that prerequisites may be required.
Master of Engineering
The Master of Engineering (M.Eng.) degree is offered by the School of Engineering for professional development in specific areas of developing technology and specific areas of immediate need to society. The degree is offered by the Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering department. Admission requirements to this program are the same as for the Master of Science degree. See the Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering: Graduate Program section of this Catalog.
Master of Engineering in Manufacturing Engineering
The Master of Engineering in Manufacturing Engineering (M.E.M.E.) degree is offered by the Manufacturing Engineering program. This program is administratively separate from the Mechanical Engineering department at the University of New Mexico and is housed in the Manufacturing Training and Technology Center (MTTC), located in the South Campus. The M.E.M.E. has completion tracks in Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), Mechanical and Equipment Manufacturing (MEM) and Semiconductor and Electronics Manufacturing (SEM). For the CIM and MEM tracks, at least three electives must be selected from a set of CIM or MEM track courses respectively, defined by the Manufacturing Engineering program. The SEM track has a special core that covers semiconductor process design, microelectronics design and processing, and factory design and operations, and a special set of concentration courses that cover microelectronics processing technology. A total of 33 or 32 credit hours is required for the M.E.M.E. degree.
Master of Engineering in Manufacturing Engineering and Master of Business Administration: The School of Engineering and the Anderson School of Management offer a Dual Degree Program leading to the M.E.M.E. and the Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.). For details, see the Graduate and Professional Dual Degree Programs section of this Catalog.
Shared-Credit Undergraduate/Graduate Degrees Program: Students in the Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering (B.S.M.E.) program may seek admission to the M.E.M.E. under the Shared-Credit Undergraduate/Graduate Degrees Program. Interested students should contact the Director of the Manufacturing Engineering program. See the Mechanical Engineering: Undergraduate Program section of this Catalog.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing M.E.M.E. track and Mechanical and Equipment Manufacturing M.E.M.E. track curriculum:
CS 585 Computer Networks 3
ME 586 Design for Manufacturability 3
MGMT 506 Managing People in Organizations 3
MGMT 504 Managerial Economics 3
MGMT 521 Manufacturing Systems Management 3
STAT 570 Industrial Statistics 3
Elective Track Elective 3
Plan I
ME 599 Master's Thesis
Plan II
Elective Plan II Elective 3
CS/ECE/ME Project 3
Semiconductor and Electronics Manufacturing M.E.M.E. track curriculum:
CBE 586 Introduction to Statistics and Design of Experiments 2
ME 585 Modern Manufacturing Methods 3
ECE *473 Semiconductor Materials, Devices, and Circuits 3
ECE *487 Semiconductor Factory Design and Operations 3
ECE 529 Semiconductor Process Integration and Test 3
ECE 574L Microelectronics Processing 3
ECE 579 Adv Microelectronics Process 3
CBE 599
CBE/CS/ECE/ME Project 3
In addition to the above courses, regardless of track, a three-month Internship at an industrial manufacturing site is required, at no credit. It is also expected that Plan II students pursue a Project that it is done in collaboration with an industry partner.
The School of Engineering offers programs leading to Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees in Engineering (with concentrations in Architectural Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Nuclear Engineering), in Computer Science, and in Optical Science and Engineering (jointly administered by the Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering).
The degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) is offered under regulations set forth in the Graduate Program section of this Catalog. The general policies and procedures relating to graduate studies in the School of Engineering can be obtained from the departmental graduate advisors. A prospective candidate for this degree must have an acceptable bachelor's or master's degree, or equivalent, in some field of engineering, the physical sciences or mathematics. For more specific departmental requirements for the degree, prospective candidates should consult the specific statements for the different departments in their sections of this Catalog and should also communicate with the graduate advisor of the department. The applicant must also present satisfactory evidence of adequate preliminary training and ability in the field of major interest.
The minimum amount of coursework required for the Doctor of Philosophy degree is 24 credit hours beyond the master's degree or 48 credit hours beyond the bachelor's degree. This requirement is exclusive of dissertation or master's thesis. These are minimum requirements; ordinarily, more than the 48 credit hours are necessary. The program of each student is an individual matter planned by the committee on studies.
Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Nanoscience and Microsystems Engineering
The School of Engineering participates in the interdisciplinary Nanoscience and Microsystems Engineering program; for more information, see the Graduate Interdisciplinary Studies section of this Catalog.
Graduate Certificate in Computational Science and Engineering
The Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) graduate certificate program is an interdisciplinary graduate program that prepares students to effectively use high-performance computing and/or data analysis within their own disciplines. The program is open to graduate students in the following participating departments: Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Computer Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mathematics and Statistics, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, and Psychology. Students in other departments may be admitted with the approval of the CSE Program Committee and the Graduate Director of their home department. The program is also open to students who already have a graduate degree in a mathematical, scientific or engineering discipline (post-degree).
Admission Requirements: Admission to the CSE program is based on academic record and letters of recommendation. GRE scores may also be considered for students in a degree program. Prerequisites for admittance into the CSE program in addition to a bachelor's degree are:
One year of general college physics or chemistry.
One year of differential/integral calculus, and either a course in differential equations (e.g. MATH **316), a course in applied statistics (e.g. STAT 427), or a course in numerical methods (e.g. MATH **375).
A course in computer programming or equivalent experience using a programming language generally used for high-performance and/or data-intensive computing such as C, C++, FORTRAN, Java, or Python.
For the certificate earned alongside a degree, admission is to the participating home department. For post-degree CSE students, a graduate degree in a mathematical, scientific or engineering discipline and degree-seeking admission at UNM is required.
Program Requirements: To complete the CSE program, a student must:
Be admitted to the CSE program, as described above.
For students earning the certificate alongside a degree, all degree requirements of their participating home department must be completed.
Complete CSE program core requirements, based on the degree program: M.S. and post-degree students must complete 3 credit hours of CSE program core courses; Ph.D. students must complete 6 credit hours of CSE program core courses. See course list below.
Complete a total of 9 credit hours of approved CSE electives or program core courses not used to fulfill the program core requirement.
Complete a computational science and engineering research project through either: A thesis or dissertation with a significant computational component under the direction of at least one associated faculty member on the student's committee; or complete an advanced computational project (3 credit hour minimum) under the direction of one associated faculty member, presented at an open forum.
CSE Program Core Courses: CS/MATH *471 Introduction to Scientific Computing; CS 542 Introduction to Parallel Processing; CS 567 Principles and Applications of Big Data.
CSE Program Electives: The list of approved CSE program electives is maintained by the CSE Program Committee.
Students may petition the CSE Program Committee to substitute a course (for an equivalent number of credit hours) for any of the courses of the approved curriculum. Note that most CSE program courses have a CSE program course as a prerequisite, so students are strongly encouraged to work with a Program Advisor to develop their CSE program of study before enrollment.
Detailed information about the CSE graduate certificate program, including suggested programs of study for specializations in specific areas and the current lists of approved program electives and associated faculty, may be obtained at the Center for Advanced Research Computing Web site, or by writing to:
Computational Science and Engineering Program
Center for Advanced Research Computing (CARC)
1601 Central Ave. NE
Associated Departments
General Engineering and Engineering Cooperative Education Program
Course Search:
Work Phone: (505) 277-8900
Fax Fax: (505) 277-6809
© The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, (505) 277-0111


text:
Q: math: \textstyle won't work I'm trying to reproduce this math thingy in LaTeX:

What I've currently done is this:

\documentclass[oneside,12pt,pointednumbers]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel} %Deutsche Sprachunterstützung
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} %Umlaute
\usepackage{amsmath}

\newcommand{\vtwo}[2]{\left(\begin{array}{c} #1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right)}
\newcommand{\vthree}[3]{\left(\begin{array}{c} #1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right)}

\begin{document}
\begin{align*}
\begin{array}{ccc}
\vtwo{0}{0} && 1 \\
\vtwo{1}{0} \vtwo{1}{1} && 1 \hspace{5mm} 1 \\
\vtwo{2}{0} \vtwo{2}{1} \vtwo{2}{2} &=& 1 \hspace{5mm} 2 \hspace{5mm} 1 \\
\vtwo{3}{0} \vtwo{3}{1} \vtwo{3}{2} \vtwo{3}{3} && 1 \hspace{5mm} 3 \hspace{5mm} 3 \hspace{5mm} 1 \\
\dots && \dots
\end{array}
\end{align*}
\end{document}

But my text is much bigger than in the model. I think, that's because the model was set in \textstyle, but when I declare my math box to use \textstyle as well, nothing changes:
\begin{document}
\begin{align*}
\textstyle
\begin{array}{ccc}
\vtwo{0}{0} && 1 \\

or
\begin{document}
\begin{align*}
\begin{array}{ccc}
\textstyle\vtwo{0}{0} && 1 \\

look all the same.
What's the reason for this behavior? Why does \textstyle not work? Any ideas are greatly appreciated ;)

A: See if the \binom from asmath gives desired result:

\documentclass[oneside,12pt,pointednumbers]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel} %Deutsche Sprachunterstützung
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} %Umlaute
\usepackage{amsmath}

\newcommand{\vtwo}[2]{\;\binom{#1}{#2}\;}

    \begin{document}
\begin{align*}
    \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}%1.2
\begin{array}{ccc}
\vtwo{0}{0} && 1 \\
\vtwo{1}{0} \vtwo{1}{1} && 1 \hspace{5mm} 1 \\
\vtwo{2}{0} \vtwo{2}{1} \vtwo{2}{2} &=& 1 \hspace{5mm} 2 \hspace{5mm} 1 \\
\vtwo{3}{0} \vtwo{3}{1} \vtwo{3}{2} \vtwo{3}{3} && 1 \hspace{5mm} 3 \hspace{5mm} 3     \dots && \dots
\end{array}
\end{align*}
    \end{document}

Edit: After then, when submit the first version of answer,, I recognize, that it is the same as Christian Hupfer answer. Now I slightly modify it.

A: A possible solution with \binom (wrapped in \vtwo), but I am not happy with the \hspace commands right now.
I also increased the vertical stretching a little bit (\arraystretch)
\documentclass[oneside,12pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel} %Deutsche Sprachunterstützung
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} %Umlaute
\usepackage{mathtools}

\newcommand{\vtwo}[2]{\binom{#1}{#2}}%left(\begin{array}{c} #1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right)}
%\newcommand{\vthree}[3]{\left(\begin{array}{c} #1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right)}

\newcommand{\myspace}{6mm}

\begin{document}
\begin{align*}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}
\begin{array}{ccc}
\vtwo{0}{0} && 1 \\
\vtwo{1}{0} \vtwo{1}{1} && 1 \hspace{\myspace} 1 \\
\vtwo{2}{0} \vtwo{2}{1} \vtwo{2}{2} &=& 1 \hspace{\myspace} 2 \hspace{\myspace} 1 \\
\vtwo{3}{0} \vtwo{3}{1} \vtwo{3}{2} \vtwo{3}{3} && 1 \hspace{\myspace} 3 \hspace{\myspace} 3 \hspace{\myspace} 1 \\
\dots && \dots
\end{array}
\end{align*}
\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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To clarify the original blog, electronic signatures are not required at this time. Hospitals are still able to have the officer/CFO sign the signature page and then send in along with the required package of documentation. However, CMS has added the ability for providers to electronically sign for all types of cost reports and is definitely recommending this process to prepare for full implementation on the horizon.
If you have an account to pull PS&Rs with, then your username and password should also work here to login. You will automatically be signed up for MCReF (Medicare e-Filing). No account? Skip to step 3.
If you do not already have access to the PS&R system, then follow the prompts for creating a new account here: New user registration.
Keep in mind that if you have not had experience in pulling PS&Rs, you must have a security officer and a user AND they must be two separate individuals.
The security officer is the only person who receives the emails to approve new users and recertify current users. We highly recommend you have a backup security official in the event the security officer leaves the company.
When you choose new user registration, you will be taken to a screen where you will need to select PSR/STAR: Provider Statistical and Reimbursement/System for Tracking Audit and Reimbursement.
Once selected, you will be directed to a screen where you will need to complete your personal information in order to be able to gain access. Access is contingent upon whether or not you are allowed to have access to the data. As item (3.) states above, you will have access to both the PS&R reports and electronic filing once your security official grants you permission. This process could take some time especially if the security official individual has another full time job that they are working. If you're in a time sensitive situation, you may want to contact them to let them know that you will be going through the registration process and need to have access granted as soon as possible.
For additional information on Medicare cost report electronic signatures, please refer to this MLN matters article: https://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-Network-MLN/MLNMattersArticles/downloads/MM10611.pdf.
WPS also put out a memo on electronic signatures you may find helpful, here.
Finally, you can contact your MAC at their toll-free number which can be found here or reach out to SCA should you need any assistance.
We are always looking for future blog post suggestions. If there is a topic or specific question you would like to know more about, leave your suggestion in the comments below ⇓.


The Charadrii encompass the Chionididae (sheathbills), Pluvianellidae (Magellanic plover), Charadriidae (plovers and allies), Haematopodidae (oystercatchers), Recurvirostridae (stilts and avocets), Ibidorhynchidae (ibisbill), and Burhinidae (thick-knees). Except for the Chionididae, these birds are characterized by the loss of the hallux.
The Paleogene fossil record of the Charadrii is very poor. Assignment of fossils to the Recurvirostridae is based on very fragmentary remains whose identification is doubtful. "Recurvirostra" sanctaenebulae Mourer-Chauvire, 1978 from the late Eocene of France is known from the proximal end of an ulna (Mourer-Chauvire 1978), and its identification needs to be substantiated with additional bones. Even if this species belongs to the Recurvirostridae, it is unlikely that it can be classified in the extant taxon Recurvirostra. Another putative recurvirostrid, which was described by Harrison (1983) from the early Eocene of Portugal, is based on an incomplete femur and cannot even be reliably assigned to the Charadriiformes, let alone Recurvirostridae (see also Mlikovsky 2002). The same is true for reputed Recurvirostridae and Burhinidae, which were reported by Harrison and Walker (1976a) from the late Eocene (MP 14-16/MP 17; Mlikovsky 2002) of England.
Hou and Ericson (2002) described a humerus from the middle Eocene of China as Jiliniornis huadianensis and tentatively assigned the species to the Charadriidae. This assignment was, however, not established with derived features, and the authors themselves considered the possibility that the shared similarities may be plesiomorphic for a more inclusive clade. The correct identification of "Charadrius" sheppardianus Cope, 1880 from the late Eocene Florissant shales of Colorado was questioned by Olson (1985). The holotype of this species was not figured by Cope (1880) and awaits restudy. Bessonat and Michaut (1973) briefly described a charadriiform bird from the early Oligocene of the Luberon area in southern France. The exact affinities of this specimen, which has the size of a stone-curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) and is now in a private collection in France, have not been determined. Judging from the overall morphology of the skeleton and the absence of a hallux, it may well be a representative of the Charadrii. Boles (2001b) mentioned the presence of undescribed Burhinidae in the late Oligocene Etadunna Formation of Australia.


text:
Canada Travel Guide
21 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Canada
29 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions & Things to Do in Toronto
16 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Niagara Falls, Canada
8 Best Campgrounds in Salmon Arm, BC
Written by Catherine Hawkins
Shuswap Lake has inspired generations of residents and visitors alike to live on houseboats, rent shoreside cottages, and go camping. Salmon Arm has 400 kilometers of navigable shoreline and a lush setting of mountains and valleys. Given all the activities that people can enjoy on the lake, the community promotes "lifestyle in harmony with nature." This slogan pretty much sums up the experience of camping in the Shuswap.
Relaxing in Salmon Arm | Photo Copyright: Colin J. McMechan
Salmon Arm is centrally located between Vancouver and Calgary and in one of British Columbia's most popular recreational destinations. People are drawn to seek out the best campgrounds in Salmon Arm because of Shuswap Lake, one of the top lakes in British Columbia. Other appealing factors to visitors are the clean environment and a climate that supports camping for much of the year.
Numerous campgrounds - including public provincial parks and recreation sites, and private properties - dot the vast shoreline and surrounding hills of Shuswap Lake. Cast an eye on our list of the top campgrounds in Salmon Arm and reel in the best one for you.
1. Herald Provincial Park
Beach at Herald Provincial Park | Photo Copyright: Colin J. McMechan
More than a century ago, Herald Provincial Park was a farm that restored the health of Dr. Dundas Herald, a Vancouver physician suffering from living on the damp west coast. The property was in the Herald family for 70 years until it was sold to the Province of British Columbia in 1975 and became a popular public park and campground.
There are three camping areas in the 79-hectare park, which includes 13.5 hectares of foreshore. The smallest, Bastion Mountain campground, has 15 sites, including one for the camp host. Reinecker Creek flows through Reinecker and Homestead campgrounds, adding a water feature that is always a welcome addition to any camping experience. The sound of water is soothing, and it encourages the presence of wildlife.
Herald Provincial Park campsite | Photo Copyright: Colin J. McMechan
Swimming, fishing, and boating are popular activities, supported by the boat launch on-site. A children's playground keeps kids happy when they're not in the warm, shallow water. A large day use area invites people to picnic.
The oldest of the Herald children was a nature lover who documented 70 species of birds on the property. To this day, bird-watching is a rewarding activity in the park. Birds flock here for water, habitat, plus good things to eat such as the cherry plums that grow at site 119 and apple trees in the vicinity of Orchard Lane.
Margaret Falls in Herald Provincial Park | Photo Copyright: Colin J. McMechan
The park is an excellent base camp for exploring activities in the Shuswap. Start with an easy 2.5-kilometer hike through a scenic canyon to the awe-inspiring cascade of Margaret Falls. Although it feels like a world way from city life, Herald Provincial Park is located only 26 kilometers north of Salmon Arm.
The campground is 100 percent reservable through Discover Camping. If reservations are not available, sites are first come, first served.
Official site: https://bcparks.ca/explore/parkpgs/herald/
2. Salmon Arm Camping Resort
Salmon Arm Camping Resort | Photo Copyright: Colin J. McMechan
Salmon Arm Camping Resort is a family-oriented property that has been around since 1970. The office and store with the red roof and hanging flower baskets provide a homey focal point to the property. (Camper tip: Go to the store for a treat of ice cream and cappuccino.) The grounds are nicely landscaped, and mature trees provide welcome shade when it's hot.
Among the popular features of this large resort in high season are a 15-meter swimming pool and hot tub. A "friendship fire pit" encourages campers to gather round and share stories. Mini-golf and a playground are fun options for families with energetic kids. Adults get their exercise at the basketball and pickleball courts. Groove to live entertainment (music on the lawn once a week), movies in the pavilion, talent shows, dance parties, and lawn games. Readers will enjoy the selection of books.
RVers have easy access to pull-throughs and back-in sites serviced by 30-amp power, water, and septic. A two-day minimum is required to make a reservation during high season and low season weekends. Tent sites are non-reservable, first come, and first served. During high season, the resort is mostly full, although a small number of sites are available for drop-in campers.
Campsites have fire pits (that can be used when campfires are permitted) and picnic tables. Other amenities include flush toilets, heated showers, coin laundry and Wi-Fi close to the office. For swimming and picnicking, it's a seven-minute drive to Canoe Beach on Shuswap Lake.
Address: 381 BC-97B, Salmon Arm, British Columbia
Official site: https://salmonarmcamping.ca/
3. Hidden Valley Campground & RV Park
Hidden Valley Campground | Photo Copyright: Colin J. McMechan
Conveniently located off the Trans-Canada Highway eight kilometers east of Salmon Arm, Hidden Valley Campground & RV Park is in the community of Canoe. You'll recognize it immediately because there is a large statue of an elk beside the sign. Once you enter the grounds, you'll see several replicas of its wildlife relations from the bear family. The manager is fond of these winsome characters and so are kids. One of the largest bears presides at the children's playground, an elaborate collection of bridges, monkey bars, and structures to climb.
The property bills itself as "family friendly," and with a security gate at the top of the hill accessing the RV sites, families can feel confident that they will be camping in peace.
Campers who descend the hill into the "hidden valley" below have several options. All sites have a picnic table, and some have fire pits; two are described as being private; six sites have privacy fences; seven sites are located along a salmon creek. Fourteen sites are without services. All told, there are 48 sites that can accommodate RVs up to 14 meters in length.
Camper amenities include a Sani-Station, heated washrooms, coin showers, flush toilets, and Wi-Fi. Coin-operated laundry facilities include three washers and two dryers. There's also a small convenience store where you can get ice and fresh coffee. The "friendly fire pit gathering area" is another feature of the lower campground.
All sites require a reservation - there are no first-come, first-served sites. Larger sites book a year in advance, so don't delay if you have your heart set on camping at Hidden Valley Campground.
Address: 6670 Trans Canada Hwy NE, Canoe, British Columbia
Official site: https://www.hiddenvalleycampground.ca/
4. Sky Blue Waters Resort
Sky Blue Waters Resort | Photo Copyright: Colin J. McMechan
With 500 feet of lakeshore and every site having a lake view, campers are constantly reminded of the name of the resort: Sky Blue Waters. A boat launch and dock add to the overall enjoyment of this rural campground beside the lake.
In addition to being home to six full-time campers, the property has five sites with water and electricity and 17 sites with 30-amp full hookups - all reservable. Tenters set up on a grassy area that is completely separate from RVers, yet everyone has the same splendid view. Every site also has a fire pit and picnic tables. Amenities include Wi-Fi, coin-operated showers, and laundry.
Local activities include bird-watching, especially of the osprey nests atop the hydro poles that are visible from the campground. Boating is another favorite pastime.
Off-site, one of the closest natural attractions is magnificent Margaret Falls, located in nearby Herald Provincial Park. Sunnybrae Community Park, with its own beach and playground, is just a few steps down the road. The resort is located near Tappen - 16 kilometers west of Salmon Arm and two kilometers away from the Trans-Canada Highway.
Address: 3463 Sunnybrae Canoe Point Road, Tappen, British Columbia
Official site: https://www.skybluewatersresort.com/
5. Pierre's Point Campground
Pierre's Point Campground | Photo Copyright: Colin J. McMechan
Location is a big part of the appeal of Pierre's Point, nine kilometers northeast of Salmon Arm on Shuswap Lake and right next door to Sandy Point Campground. (Pierre's Point and Sandy Point are both owned and managed by the Adams Lake Indian Band.) The clean lakefront has a long sandy beach that is ideal for campers to swim in one of two designated areas, jump off the dock, and play alongside the shoreline.
Completely separate from the long sandy beach is a beach designated for pets. The scenery features a fabulous view of Bastion Mountain.
Recreation options abound, with a playground for kids, mini-golf for the family, and hiking and boating for grownups. If you don't have a boat, you can rent one here.
Motorhomes and tents are accommodated on the property, which has large shade trees and pull-through sites for RVs - up to a maximum of 15 meters. All sites have power and water, septic service is available at some sites, and there's a sani-dump. Picnic tables and fire pits are provided. Amenities include coin-operated hot showers, a laundromat, convenience store, boat launch, and boat storage.
Reservations for the 44 sites (32 for RVs and 12 for tenters) must be made using the online booking system. Six of these sites are located on the beach - a fabulous location for campers who love plenty of sunshine.
Address: 2569 Campground Road, Salmon Arm, British Columbia
Official site: https://pierresptcampground.ca/
6. Salmon Arm Elk's Hall & Park
Elk's Hall & Park | Photo Copyright: Colin J. McMechan
Elk's Hall & Park is located five kilometers from downtown Salmon Arm and a three-kilometer drive off the Trans-Canada Highway. The campground has 24 full-service sites with 30-amp service. Motorhomes up to 14 meters can be accommodated. There's also plenty of space for tenters. A covered kitchen and gazebo provide protection from the elements.
Among the amenities, there is a playground for kids, washrooms, and showers. One perk of staying at this campground is that you can play baseball in one of the adjacent playfields. For a refreshing swim or to launch your boat, it's a seven-minute drive to Canoe Beach on Shuswap Lake. Reservations can be made over the phone but are not required.
Address: 3690 30 Street NE, Salmon Arm, British Columbia
7. Sandy Point Campground
Sandy Point Campground | Photo Copyright: Colin J. McMechan
Enjoy fabulous views of Salmon Arm, Mt. Ida, and Bastion Mountain from Sandy Point Campground, managed by the Adams Lake Indian Band. The campground has about 120 sites, half of which are for RVs, and the other half for tenters and camping units set up for dry camping. Additional space is available in an overflow area. All sites are reservable. Large units up to 15 meters can be accommodated.
Sandy Point Campground also has 130 seasonal sites. A seasonal site is a semi-permanent camping site that allows you to leave your trailer on-site for a whole season. By paying for a season, you have access from mid-April to the start of October.
Services vary according to the site, and if you don't have full service, there's a sani-dump. The spacious property includes room for boat and trailer parking - a big draw with many campers here. There's a covered cookhouse, children's playground, washrooms with hot showers, and a convenience store.
The property fronts a sandy beach and swim area with a dock and boat launch. Pets are not allowed at the campground, which is located nine kilometers north of Salmon Arm.
Address: 2100 Sandy Point Road, Salmon Arm, British Columbia
Official site: https://sandyptcampground.ca/
8. ViewPoint RV Park & Cottages
ViewPoint RV Park | Photo Copyright: Colin J. McMechan
If you're camping for a special event such as a family cookout, birthday party, or wedding, ViewPoint RV Park & Cottages has cottages and 13 RV sites on gravel pads separated by grass. Motorhomes up to 13.5 meters and pull-throughs can be accommodated on sites serviced by power (15, 30, and 50 amps), water, septic, cable TV, and internet. Pets are allowed for RV campers.
Tent campers have access to six sites in a grassy treed area. Amenities include Wi-Fi, solar-heated showers, a picnic shelter, and free firewood. A children's playground keeps the kids happy. There are plenty of good spots nearby if anyone fancies swimming and water sports on Shuswap Lake. If you want to walk to local waterfalls, one option is a short 20-minute walk along the Syphon Falls and Gayle Creek trail.
Campers are encouraged to plan their camping trip to coincide with a special event. For example, consider a visit during the annual salmon run at the beginning of October. Temperatures are cooler then, and it's less crowded. All sites are reservable - there are no first-come, first-served sites. The property is located 10 kilometers northeast of Salmon Arm.
Address: 6871 Trans-Canada Highway NW, Salmon Arm, British Columbia
Official site: https://viewpointrv.ca/
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Last Call For Killing The DREAM
Greg Sargent notes that Donald Trump's first major plans in 2017 will almost certainly involve making good on GOP promises to dismantle President Obama's protections for those brought to the US as undocumented immigrants as children.
Trump has repeatedly pledged to cancel all of Obama's executive actions right away as president. That includes a promise to scrap Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, which grants work permits and temporary reprieve from deportation to the DREAMers. Obama's executive deportation relief has been widely denounced by Republicans for years, and Trump's immigration plan vows to "immediately terminate" DACA, describing it as an "illegal amnesty."
It will be fully within Trump's power to act on this promise on Day One of his presidency, immigration lawyer David Leopold tells me. Because DACA was granted by executive action, it is subject to revocation at the discretion of the president — or any of his successors. (Obama's effort to expand this protection to other classes was halted by the courts, but DACA remains in force.) If Trump cancels DACA on Day One, Leopold says, it would revoke the work permits of its beneficiaries in short order and leave them subject to deportation.
"Many of these people are young, starting off, and heavily invested in participating openly in the American system," Leopold says.
This could have a disruptive impact on hundreds of thousands of people, as well as their families and communities — whether or not they end up getting deported later. After vowing mass deportations throughout the primaries, Trump modified this plan during the general election, promising to deport only the criminals first. But Trump's modified plan would create no meaningful path to long-term legal status and would leaveundocumented immigrants targets for deportation at some unspecified later date. Revoking protection for the DREAMers would raise the prospect of them getting deported later and effectively drive them underground in the short term.
Immigration advocates are already organizing to fight Trump, should he make good on this and other promises. "There's no way these young people are going to walk quietly back into the shadows," Leopold says.
So here's the question: does the GOP actually want to do this? Will the Trumpies give them the choice not to?
The question is whether other Republicans will want this story to unfold. Congressional Republicans have voted to defund DACA in the past. But they did so secure in the knowledge that they could rail angrily at Obama's lawless amnesty without facing the political consequences of actually ending it, because they knew President Obama would never allow that to happen.
But now President Trump can end DACA himself with the stroke of a pen, and produce all of those consequences right away. If Trump does not go through with this, he may be castigated by immigration hardliners for breaking a promise on an issue that appears to have been central to his appeal to the "forgotten men and women" who elected him and make up Donald Trump's America. If he does go through with it, we will be provided with an early and vivid illustration of what the xenophobic promises Trump made to His America actually mean in the real world.
You should absolutely expect President Trump to start moving to round up and start mass deportations, starting with reversing DACA. We've already got an America where DREAMers are terrified and white Trump voters are openly taunting them, saying they'll be deported.
Of course this is going to happen. And it's just the start of the brutal Trump regime.
StupidiTags(tm): Immigration Stupidity, Legal Stupidity, The Donald, Wingnut Stupidity
The Missing White Voter Showed Up?
And they were furious. The kind of voter that sat out with Bush, McCain and Romney showed up for Donald Trump in the same way Barack Obama motivated young voters of color to show up eight years ago. Real Clear Politics pundit Sean Trende has been predicting this for years.
This will probably sound a little odd if you were watching TV on election night 2012. Romney won 59% of the white vote in exit polls, better than President Bush's 58% in 2004. Unfortunately for Romney, the white share of the electorate declined from 79.2% to 73.7 % over the same period. The result: Obama won by an even bigger margin than Bush did thanks to blowout margins with minorities.
But conservative commentators are convincing themselves they can find a few million more whites tucked between the couch cushions–at least enough for one more election. Two columnists have been particularly influential in this regard. Sean Trende at Real Clear Politics has argued that census data shows about 5 million mostly poor and rural white voters were "projected" to vote in 2012 based on population growth and past turnout but didn't show up to the polls. Byron York, a columnist at the Washington Examiner, published a related piece noting that Romney would have lost even if he had racked up a majority of Latino voters.
"Recent reports suggest as many as 5 million white voters simply stayed home on Election Day," York wrote in May. "If they had voted at the same rate they did in 2004, even with the demographic changes since then, Romney would have won."
The Missing White Voter sure as hell showed up in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Iowa. But as Trende himself points out today, in no state did these voters supposedly show up more than in Ohio.
In 2013, after all the votes had been counted, I was able to perform a more thorough analysis. It became apparent to me that these voters were blue-collar, rural and lived in areas with strong showings for Ross Perot. This reinforced my view that if Republicans softened their economic libertarianism and nominated the right candidate, this bloc might turn out and help the party win with only modest improvements among nonwhites.
This provoked great controversy. To this day I am a bit perplexed, as I was effectively saying to Democrats, "You were correct, the GOP has to make some changes to its approach in order to win." Part of the backlash was plainly inspired by people who did not read the article. More importantly, my observation was expressly limited to the idea that missing whites could help the GOP win. People interpreted this as advocating for a "whites-only" GOP, which I expressly disclaimed, both in that article and in a subsequent piece.
It is far too early to say for certain, but what happened Tuesday certainly looks consistent with the missing-whites thesis. First, there's very little doubt that Trump's vote share soared when compared to Mitt Romney's in northern rural areas. But turnout seems to have been robust as well. We once again will have to wait until all the votes are counted to conduct a more robust analysis, but consider Ohio once again:
For this iteration, the darkest red counties are ones where turnout was up or the same as 2012 levels, while lighter shades suggest turnout was down. As you can see, the Columbus and Cincinnati suburban counties – Delaware and Union, Clermont and Warren – were dark red. This is expected, given the population growth there. Notice, however, that the urban counties – Hamilton, Franklin, Cuyahoga, Stark, Summit, Lucas and Montgomery – are light. Turnout was down substantially there.
But look at the rest of the state, especially the southeast. There is a lot of red there, which is all the more surprising given population declines. It isn't yet clear that whites there turned out in increased numbers, but they clearly avoided the decreases we saw in other areas of the state, and nationwide. Again, we need more data, but for now the best indications are that these voters were, in fact, inspired by a Republican candidate with more blue-collar appeal. Donald Trump did do better with nonwhites than Mitt Romney, which played a significant role in his victory. But there's little doubt that a strong showing with these rural whites, who are disconnected from the global economy that increasingly defines urban and suburban environs, played a major role in his win.
That's a pretty solid explanation, and it's the Bernie Sanders/Michael Moore explanation for why Clinton lost this election: the Democrats abandoned the Working White Class Voter.
Except there's one little problem with that explanation. It doesn't explain everything.
Here's what actually happened.
Voter suppression efforts by the GOP in NC, Florida, Ohio, Wisconsin, combined with the gutting of the Voting Rights Act three years ago by the Supreme Court, turned into the most successful "ground game" in Republican history. Trende's argument is this:
Overall turnout was down, as evidenced by Clinton's numbers being down about 5 million from Obama's 2012 total.
Trump's numbers should have been just as bad and should also have been down about 5 million from Romney's 2012 total,
But they weren't because White Working Class Voters showed up and he won.
If that's the case, if that's a national trend where Clinton turnout was down in all states, then Clinton should have also lost states like Maine, New Hampshire, Nevada and Colorado. She didn't.
But states like Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Florida, Ohio and North Carolina, states where GOP Voter ID laws and efforts to end early voting (PA doesn't have early voting) were in effect? These are the key states Clinton lost.
Pennsylvania is the one state where Trende's theory does work because Clinton got more votes than Obama did in 2012, and by a lot in Philly and its suburbs. But she got *crushed* in Appalachian counties and didn't get the votes in places like Eire and Scranton. But Trende's theory doesn't hole water in Wisconsin or North Carolina or yeah, even Ohio.
And we know exactly why. Yes, overall turnout was down. But Clinton's turnout was down more, because Republicans made it harder to people to vote especially in these key states, and that's why Donald Trump won. Please remember that if was really the issue with economics, then Trump would have easily won voters making under $50,000 a year.
He lost voters making under $30K by 12 points, and those making $30-$50K by 11 points and split the rest with Clinton.
The Missing White Voter is nonsense. GOP voter suppression was the most successful screwing of the American voting system since Jim Crow.
StupidiTags(tm): 2016 Election, Democrat Stupidity, Local Stupidity, The Donald
Dispatches From Bevinstan, Con't
If you thought Kansas's economy was the laughing stock of the country, wait until Matt Bevin makes sure Kentucky is about to get the full Brownback.
Unhindered by a state Democratic Party reduced to rubble on election day, Republican Gov. Matt Bevin claimed a bold mandate from Kentucky voters Wednesday and vowed to overhaul state government in ways he couldn't during his first year in office.
Bevin's to-do list after Republicans seized control of the state House of Representatives for the first time since 1920 includes overhauling the state's tax code, making it illegal for companies to force employees to join a labor union, letting parents send their children to private schools with the help of public dollars and getting rid of the Common Core educational standards.
And late Tuesday night, Bevin said he expects the new Republican majority to pass laws reversing several court decisions that blocked some of his executive orders — including one that abolished and replaced the board of trustees at the University of Louisville.
"The people are already seizing this chance before them," Bevin said during an appearance on WHAS radio. "Over the next generation you will see Kentucky become a beacon to America for what it means to be open for business."
Kentucky has long resisted becoming a right-to-work state because of coal miner unions. That's dead and gone, along with what's left of the the state's public school system, Bevin will raid the education budget for the same type of charter school scam John Kasich is running, currently tied up in Ohio's courts over blame and fraud accusations for losing tens of millions of taxpayer dollars.
And tax reform? That will be the big one. And nothing can stop him now. Especially not "courageous" Democrats like these.
Democratic state Rep. Brent Yonts blamed the abrupt end of his 20-year state House career on a trend in his western Kentucky district to vote straight Republican, spurred by the unpopularity of Hillary Clinton atop the Democrats' ticket.
"We had the worst presidential candidate on the Democratic ticket we've ever had," Yonts added. "The believability factor was what killed her and killed us."
The Brownback Plan is coming. And it will end this state's economy just as surely as Kansas is on the edge of transferring billions in corporate tax liability to the backs of citizens.
StupidiTags(tm): Austerity Stupidity, Bevinstan, Democrat Stupidity, Economic Stupidity, Educational Stupidity, Local Stupidity, Matt Bevin
Hillary Clinton delivered her concession speech to President-elect Donald Trump and America yesterday morning in NYC, beginning with the simple words "I'm sorry".
Thousands of anti-Trump protesters in dozens of cities took to the streets across the country to demonstrate against the President-elect and his stated policies.
President Obama will meet with President-elect Trump at the White House today to begin a "smooth transition of power" in the way Obama says he was grateful for eight years ago.
Markets reacted in mixed fashion to Trump's win yesterday as the Dow rose to a record high, but global bond markets lost a third of a trillion dollars in value.
Trump's expected science and space policies will most likely mean major cuts to NASA's Earth science and climate change monitoring programs.


Athenos arrived to Back to Nature in summer 2006. He was a transfer from Fallin' Pines Critter Rescue in Christmas, Florida. He was part of the wildlife pet trade and was later a discarded pet. When he was surrendered he was estimated to be about 5 years olds and 10 pounds. Athenos was originally given the name Athena when he was first thought to be a female. Once he began to mature, it was determined that he was a male and the name was changed to Athenos. As a domestic pet and a non-native species, Athenos is non-releasable. Most often, African tortoises become throw away pets due to their rapid growth, appetite, destructive capabilities, and life span.
*Athenos has been given the nickname "Bulldozer" because he loves to knock anything and everything over that is placed in his enclosure.
The African spurred tortoise is native to the Sahara and the Sahel, a transitional ecoregion of semiarid grasslands, savannas, and thorn shrublands found in the countries of Burkina Faso, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sudan. In these arid regions, the tortoise excavates burrows in the ground to get to areas with higher moisture levels, and spends the hottest part of the day in these burrows. This is known as aestivation . Burrows may average 30 inches in depth; some dig tunnel systems extending 10 feet or more underground. G. sulcata is the third-largest species of tortoise in the world after the Galapagos Tortoise, and Aldabra Giant Tortoise, and the largest of the mainland tortoises. Adults are usually 24 to 36 in long (60–90 cm) and can weigh 100-200 lb (45 – 91 kg). They grow from hatchling size (2–3 in) very quickly, reaching 6-10 in (15–25 cm) within the first few years of their lives. The lifespan of an African spurred tortoise is about 50–150 years, though they can live much longer.


Latvia is a country with population of 2,217,969 people. Size of the country is 24,938 square miles. Official currency is Euro (currency code: EUR). Capital of Latvia is Riga. Latitude and longitude of Riga are 56.946 and 24.1059. It is using Europe/Riga time zone. Local time in Latvia is the same as in all other places in this timezone. International calling code for Latvia is +371. Neighbour countries of Latvia are Lithuania, Estonia, Belarus, Russia.