Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the prior 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
As of November 12, 2013, there were 760,391,887 shares of common stock outstanding.
The notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms "we," "our," "us," "GreenShift," or the "Company" refer to GreenShift Corporation, and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The term "GreenShift Corporation" refers to GreenShift Corporation on a standalone basis only, and not its subsidiaries.
The condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2012 was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The other information in these condensed financial statements is unaudited but, in the opinion of management, reflects all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the periods covered. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature unless disclosed otherwise. These condensed financial statements, including notes, have been prepared in accordance with the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and do not include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. These condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and additional information as contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and entities which we control. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on a consolidated basis for reporting purposes.
The Company accounts for its investment in ZeroPoint Clean Tech, Inc. ("ZeroPoint") under the cost method. Application of this method requires the Company to periodically review these investments in order to determine whether to maintain the current carrying value or to write off some or all of the investments. While the Company uses some objective measurements in its review, the review process involves a number of judgments on the part of the Company's management. These judgments include assessments of the likelihood of ZeroPoint to obtain additional financing, to achieve future milestones, make sales and to compete effectively in its markets. In making these judgments the Company must also attempt to anticipate trends in ZeroPoint's industry as well as in the general economy.
In April 2013, the Company's investment in ZeroPoint was restructured in conjunction with a new preferred stock financing (See Note 6, Investment in ZeroPoint CleanTech, below). Based on the terms of the restructuring of the investment, the Company engaged a third party firm to review its investment in ZeroPoint in order to determine whether there was any decline in the fair value of the investment below cost that was other than temporary. The third party firm concluded that the fair value of the investment in ZeroPoint exceeds the carrying value of the investment and the Company has determined that no impairment in the investment has occurred as of September 30, 2013.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
We develop and commercialize clean technologies that facilitate the more efficient use of natural resources. We are focused on doing so today in the U.S. and international ethanol industry, where we innovate and offer technologies that improve the profitability of licensed ethanol producers.
We generate revenue by licensing our technologies to ethanol producers in exchange for ongoing royalty and other license fees. During 2012, several plants were licensed to use our technologies. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 three customers each provided over 10% of our revenue; during the nine months ended September 30, 2012, three customers each provided over 10% of our revenue.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As of September 30, 2013, the Company had $4,296,586 in cash, and current liabilities exceeded current assets by $41,229,003. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Our ability to satisfy our obligations will depend on our success in obtaining or restructuring financing, our success in developing revenue sources, and our success in negotiating with the creditors. Management's plans to resolve the Company's working capital deficit include increasing revenue. There can be no assurances that the Company will be able to eliminate its working capital deficit and that the Company's historical operating losses will not recur. The accompanying financial statements do not contain any adjustments which may be required as a result of this uncertainty.
We determined our reporting units in accordance with FASB ASC 280, "Segment Reporting" ("ASC 280"). We evaluate a reporting unit by first identifying its operating segments under ASC 280. We then evaluate each operating segment to determine if it includes one or more components that constitute a business. If there are components within an operating segment that meet the definition of a business, we evaluate those components to determine if they must be aggregated into one or more reporting units. If applicable, when determining if it is appropriate to aggregate different operating segments, we determine if the segments are economically similar and, if so, the operating segments are aggregated. We have one operating segment and reporting unit. We operate in one reportable business segment; we provide technologies and related products and services to U.S.-based ethanol producers. We are organized and operated as one business. We exclusively sell our technologies, products and services to ethanol producers that have entered into license agreements with the Company. No sales of any kind occur, and no costs of sales of any kind are incurred, in the absence of a license agreement. A single management team that reports to the chief operating decision maker comprehensively manages the entire business. We do not operate any material separate lines of business or separate business entities with respect to our technologies, products and services. The Company does not accumulate discrete financial information according to the nature or structure of any specific technology, product and/or service provided to the Company's licensees. Instead, management reviews its business as a single operating segment, using financial and other information rendered meaningful only by the fact that such information is presented and reviewed in the aggregate. Discrete financial information is not available by more than one operating segment, and disaggregation of our operating results would be impracticable.
The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes revenue from licensing of the Company's corn oil extraction technologies when corn oil sales occur. Licensing royalties are recognized as earned by calculating the royalty as a percentage of gross corn oil sales by the ethanol plants. For the purposes of assessing royalties, the sale of corn oil is deemed to occur when shipped, which is when four basic criteria have been met: (i) persuasive evidence of a customer arrangement; (ii) the price is fixed or determinable; (iii) collectability is reasonably assured, and (iv) product delivery has occurred, which is generally upon or after shipment of corn oil by the relevant ethanol producer. The same criteria are utilized in the recognition of non-recurring receipts associated with the Company's licensing activities. Deposits from customers are not recognized as revenues, but as liabilities, until the following conditions are met: revenues are realized when cash or claims to cash (receivable) are received in exchange for goods or services, or when assets received in such exchange are readily convertible to cash or claim to cash, or when such goods or services are transferred. When an income item is earned, the related revenue item is recognized and any deferred revenue is reduced. To the extent revenues are generated from the Company's licensing support services, the Company recognizes such revenues when the services are completed and billed. The Company provides process engineering services on fixed price contracts. These services are generally provided over a short period of less than three months. Revenue from such fixed price contracts is recognized the relevant services are performed. The Company additionally performs under fixed-price contracts involving design, engineering, procurement, installation, and start-up of oil recovery and other production systems. Revenues and fees on these contracts are recognized using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, and specifically the efforts-expended percentage-of-completion method using measures such as task duration and completion. The efforts-expended approach is used in situations where it is more representative of progress on a contract than the cost-to-cost or the labor-hours methods. The asset, "costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts," represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed. The liability, "billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts," represents billings in excess of revenues recognized.
The Company computes its net income or loss per common share under the provisions of ASC 260, "Earnings per Share," whereby basic net income or loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Dilutive net loss per share excludes potential common shares issuable upon conversion of all derivative securities if the effect is anti-dilutive. Thus, common stock issuable upon exercise or conversion of options, warrants, convertible preferred stock, or convertible debentures are excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share, but are included in computation of diluted net income per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, we reported net income and accordingly included potentially dilutive instruments in the fully diluted net income per share calculation. However, during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and three months ended September 30, 2012, we reported net losses and, in accordance with ASC 260, dilutive instruments were excluded from the net loss per share calculation for such periods.
The carrying values of accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to their short term maturities. The carrying values of the Company's long-term debt approximate their fair values based upon a comparison of the interest rate and terms of such debt to the rates and terms of debt currently available to the Company. It was not practical to estimate the fair value of the convertible debt. In order to do so, it would be necessary to obtain an independent valuation of these unique instruments. The cost of that valuation would not be justified in light of the materiality of the instruments to the Company.
Effective July 1 2009, the Company adopted ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. This topic defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This guidance supersedes all other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. The Company accounted for the convertible debentures in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the convertible debentures could result in the note principal and related accrued interest being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares.
Effective July 1 2009, the Company adopted ASC 820-10-55-23A, Scope Application to Certain Non-Financial Assets and Certain Non-Financial Liabilities, delaying application for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities as permitted. ASC 820 establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. In January 2010, the FASB issued an update to ASC 820, which requires additional disclosures about inputs into valuation techniques, disclosures about significant transfers into or out of Levels 1 and 2, and disaggregation of purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements in the Level 3 rollforward disclosure.
The fair value of the conversion features are calculated at the time of issuance and the Company records a conversion liability for the calculated value. The Company recognizes the initial expense for the conversion liability which is added to the carrying value of the debenture or the liability for preferred stock. The Company also recognizes expense for accretion of the conversion liability to fair value over the term of the note. The Company has adopted ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in each debenture and/or convertible preferred share could result in the note principal and/or preferred shares being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company's investments in ZeroPoint are the probability and loss severity of an event in which Material Contributions (as defined in Note 6) are not made in the future. Increases or decreases in those inputs in isolation are likely to result in a lower or higher fair value measurement. In general, a change in the assumption of the probability is accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for the loss severity based on expected Material Contributions.
The Company holds a minority investment in ZeroPoint Clean Tech, Inc. ("ZeroPoint"), a renewable energy technology and project development company. ZeroPoint believes that it has developed a highly efficient biomass gasification process capable of converting biomass into renewable synthesis gas to create carbon-neutral energy. Effective April 4, 2013, the Company and ZeroPoint entered into a series of agreements pursuant to which the Company restructured its investment in ZeroPoint. The Company agreed to exchange 113,800 shares of ZeroPoint Series A preferred stock for 113,800 shares of ZeroPoint common stock, plus a 3% promissory note with a principal balance of $2,501,324 (the "ZeroPoint Note"). The ZeroPoint Note is due and payable upon the completion by the Company of one or more transactions which leads to a successful financing for a project utilizing ZeroPoint technology (a "Material Contribution"), in which case the ZeroPoint Note shall be payable at a rate equal to 20% of the gross profit produced by any such projects (the "Contribution Payments"). The ZeroPoint Note may alternatively become due and payable upon the completion of an acquisition, merger or other sale involving ZeroPoint stock in which the valuation ascribed to ZeroPoint stock is in excess of $75,000,000. In any such event, the ZeroPoint Note shall be payable to the extent that the value of any such transaction exceeds $75,000,000. ZeroPoint shall have no obligation to repay the ZeroPoint Note in the event that none of the foregoing transactions have been completed within three years of the issuance date of the ZeroPoint Note.
The Company accounts for its investment in ZeroPoint under the cost method. Application of this method requires the Company to periodically review these investments in order to determine whether to maintain the current carrying value or to write off some or all of the investment. While the Company uses some objective measurements in its review, the review process involves a number of judgments on the part of the Company's management. These judgments include assessments of the likelihood of ZeroPoint to obtain additional financing, to achieve future milestones, make sales and to compete effectively in its markets. In making these judgments the Company must also attempt to anticipate trends in ZeroPoint's industry as well as in the general economy.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company engaged a third party firm to review its investment in ZeroPoint in order to determine whether there was any decline in the fair value of the investment below cost that was other than temporary. On April 4, 2013, after the restructuring of the investment, the Company now holds an investment in 113,800 shares of common stock of ZeroPoint and the ZeroPoint Note. The third party firm performed valuation procedures to determine the fair value of both the common stock and ZeroPoint Note. The valuation of the ZeroPoint Note was based on management's projections related to expected Material Contributions to ZeroPoint within the three year term of the note. Management has projected that the Company will provide Material Contributions within the three year period that will result in Contribution Payments based on gross profits that will result in principal repayments to fully recover the principal of the ZeroPoint Note. A discounted cash flow analysis based on the expected Contribution Payments was performed to determine the present value of the ZeroPoint Note. To determine the fair value of the Company's investment in common stock, the third party firm first estimated the enterprise value of ZeroPoint by utilization of both an income approach (under a discounted cash flow method), and a market approach (by comparison to comparable public companies and acquisition transactions in similar industries). The determined equity value of ZeroPoint was then allocated to the different security classes utilizing a Black-Scholes model based on the following assumptions: security price – estimated equity value of ZeroPoint as determined; exercise price – liquidity preferences of each class; life – three years; volatility – 72%; dividend rate – none; risk-free rate – 0.33%.
The third party firm concluded that the fair value of the Company's investment in ZeroPoint exceeds the carrying value of the investment and the Company has determined that no impairment in the investment has occurred as of September 30, 2013. The Company will continue to periodically review these investments on a non-recurring basis based on any impairment indicators in order to determine whether to maintain the current carrying value or to record impairment of some or all of the investment.
The Company maintains an inventory of equipment and components used in systems designed to extract corn oil from licensed ethanol production facilities. The inventory, which consists of equipment and component parts, is held for sale to the Company's licensees on an as needed basis. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost being determined by the specific identification method. Inventories at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were $502,796 and $1,837,646, respectively.
Deposits from customers are not recognized as revenues, but as liabilities, until the following conditions are met: revenues are realized when cash or claims to cash (receivable) are received in exchange for goods or services or when assets received in such exchange are readily convertible to cash or claim to cash or when such goods/services are transferred. When such income item is earned, the related revenue item is recognized, and the deferred revenue is reduced. To the extent revenues are generated from the Company's licensing support services, the Company recognizes such revenues when services are completed and billed. The Company has received deposits from its various clients that have been recorded as deferred revenue in the amount of $100,000 and $113,750 as of the periods ended September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
On June 17, 2010, the Company and its subsidiaries signed a series of agreements with YA Global Investments, L.P. ("YA Global") to reduce convertible debt due from the Company to YA Global (the "YACO Agreements"). On July 30, 2010, the Company and YA Global entered into an agreement pursuant to which the transactions contemplated by the YACO Agreements (the "YA Corn Oil Transaction") were to close effective August 1, 2010 (the "Effective Date") subject to satisfaction of certain closing conditions. The conditions to effectiveness of this transaction were satisfied and the transaction was deemed effective for reporting purposes as of February 15, 2011. The YACO Agreements provided for various GreenShift-owned corn oil extraction facilities based on GreenShift's patented and patent-pending technologies to be transferred as of August 1, 2010 to a newly formed entity, YA Corn Oil Systems, LLC ("YA Corn Oil"). In exchange, $10,000,000 of the convertible debt issued by GreenShift to YA Global was deemed satisfied as of August 1, 2010. The conditions for the YA Corn Oil Transaction were satisfied as of February 15, 2011, and the Company subsequently earned a performance bonus of $2,486,568 as of February 28, 2011 and another bonus of $2,500,000 as of March 31, 2011. The Company recognized a $5.8 million gain on extinguishment of debt and reduced liabilities for asset retirement obligation and accounts payable by an additional $847,000 as a result of the completion of the YA Corn Oil Transaction. The performance bonuses earned during 2011 were recognized as revenue and applied to reduction of the Company's convertible debt with YA Global pursuant to the terms of the YACO Agreements. Certain indemnification events subsequently occurred, resulting in the Company recording an accrued expense of about $2.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2011. The Company entered into an Amended and Restated Management Agreement with YA Corn Oil on January 17, 2012, pursuant to which the foregoing amounts were reconciled, resulting in the payment to YA Global of such expense in the form of convertible debt. The Company's accrual is evaluated at the completion of each reporting period, and additional expense or income will be recognized in the future should an event come to pass which either justifies reduction or removal of the liquidated damages accrual, or otherwise gives rise to an actual or a potential, but determinable, expense.
In connection with the completion of the YA Corn Oil Transaction, the Company issued YA Global an amended and restated convertible debenture in the amount of $33,308,023, inclusive of previously accrued interest (the "A&R Debenture"). During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global subdivided the A&R Debenture and assigned to a total of sixteen of its equity-holders portions of the A&R Debenture totaling $6,281,394 in principal, which assignments reduced the balance due to YA Global alone under the A&R Debenture as of December 31, 2011. $6,177,028 of the portion of the A&R Debenture assigned by YA Global remained outstanding at December 31, 2011. During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global subdivided the A&R Debenture and assigned to a total of sixteen of its equity-holders portions of the A&R Debenture totaling $ 6,350,287 in principal, which assignments reduced the balance due to YA Global alone under the A&R Debenture as of December 31, 2012. In total, $5,726,381 of the portion of the A&R Debenture assigned by YA Global remained outstanding at December 31, 2012. On March 29, 2013, the Company and YA Global entered into an amended forbearance agreement pursuant to which the maturity date of the Company's outstanding debt to YA Global and its assignees was extended to December 31, 2013. The amendment further provided for cash payments by the Company of $200,000 per month and the reimbursement of certain legal costs and expenses. The A&R Debenture bears interest at the rate of 6% per annum and provides the holder with the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. A holder of the A&R Debenture will not be permitted, however, to convert into a number of shares that would cause it to own more than 4.99% of the Company's outstanding common shares. The A&R Debenture is additionally subject to ongoing compliance conditions, including the absence of change of control events and timely issuance of common shares upon conversion.
The Company accounted for the A&R Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the A&R Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company had determined the fair value of the A&R Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $22,263,896 which represented the face value of the debenture plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company recognized an decrease in the in conversion liability relating to the A&R Debenture of $153,280 for assignments and/or repayments during the period and recorded an expense of $17,068 for the accretion of the present value of the conversion liability for the period. The carrying value of the A&R Debenture was $20,656,134 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $18,790,520 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $1,865,614 as of September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $874,627 for the A&R Debenture was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
As of December 31, 2010, the Company had convertible debentures payable to Minority Interest Fund (II), LLC ("MIF") in an aggregate principal amount of $3,988,326 (the "MIF Debenture") and convertible debentures payable to Viridis Capital, LLC in an aggregate principal amount of $518,308 (the "Viridis 2010 Debenture"). As discussed more fully in Note 13, Related Party Transactions, below, the Company entered into agreements with MIF and Viridis to amend and restate the terms of the MIF Debenture and Viridis 2010 Debenture effective September 30, 2011 to extend the maturity date to September 30, 2013; to eliminate and contribute $502,086 in accrued interest and $1,065,308 of principal; to reduce the applicable interest rate to 6% per annum; to eliminate MIF's and Viridis' right to convert amounts due at a discount to the market price of the Company's common stock; and to reverse various non-cash assignments of debt involving related parties. The restated balances due to MIF and Viridis at September 30, 2011, were $3,017,061 and $237,939, respectively. No interest was payable to either MIF or Viridis after these amendments. MIF received 62,500 shares of Series D Preferred Stock in partial consideration of the contribution of principal and accrued interest and the various other modified terms of MIF's agreements with the Company. On September 30, 2011, the Company issued $1,090,000 and $351,000 in convertible debt to Acutus Capital, LLC ("Acutus") and family members of the Company's chairman, respectively, for cash investments previously provided to the Company. The terms of these debentures provide for interest at 6% per annum, a maturity date of September 30, 2013, and the right to convert amounts due into Company common stock at 100% of the market price for the Company's common stock at the time of conversion. The foregoing debentures are subject to conditions which limit the transfer of shares issued upon conversion to 5% of the average monthly volume for the Company's common stock. During nine months ended September 30, 2013, Minority Interest Fund (II), LLC assigned $150,000 of its convertible debt to Magna Group, LLC and $200,000 of its convertible debt to Nicholas J. Morano, LLC.
As of April 1, 2013, the Company issued a $250,000 debenture to Viridis Capital, LLC ("Viridis" and the "Viridis Debenture") in exchange for full satisfaction of expenses and costs that were incurred by Viridis in connection with its guaranty of the Company's obligations (see Note 13, Related Party Transactions, below). Viridis shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the Viridis Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 50% of the 20 day volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. $150,000 of the Viridis Debenture was paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The Company accounted for the Viridis Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Viridis Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Viridis Debenture upon issuance to be $477,273 which represented the face value of the debenture of $250,000 plus the present value of the conversion feature. A $150,000 portion of the Viridis Debenture was assigned to a related party resulting in a $136,364 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period and accretion of $4,546 was recognized during the period. The carrying value of the Viridis Debenture was $195,455 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $100,000 and the value of the conversion liability. The liability for the conversion feature shall increase from its present value of $95,455 at September 30, 2013 to its estimated settlement value of $100,000 at June 30, 2014. Interest expense of $2,696 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global assigned $4,391,643 in convertible debt to Andypolo, LP ("Andypolo" and the "Andypolo Debenture"). Andypolo shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Andypolo Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Andypolo Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Andypolo Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $4,755,583 which represented the face value of the debenture of $4,280,025 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the Andypolo Debenture which resulted in a $53,735 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. The carrying value of the Andypolo Debenture was $4,218,227 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $3,796,404 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $421,823 as of September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $178,952 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global assigned $321,237 in convertible debt to Stuttgart, LP ("Stuttgart" and the "Stuttgart Debenture"). Stuttgart shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Stuttgart Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Stuttgart Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Stuttgart Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $224,435 which represented the face value of the debenture of $201,993 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the Stuttgart Debenture which resulted in a $2,230 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, $59,400 in principal was converted into common stock, and the Company recognized a reduction in conversion liability at present value of $6,600 for the conversions. The carrying value of the Stuttgart Debenture was $136,882 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $126,343 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $13,613 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $5,919 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global assigned $263,498 in convertible debt to JMC Holdings, LP ("JMC" and the "JMC Debenture"). JMC shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the JMC Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the JMC Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the JMC Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $205,986 which represented the face value of the debenture of $185,387 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the JMC Debenture which resulted in a $2,313 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. The carrying value of the JMC Debenture was $182,858 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $164,572 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $18,286 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $7,758 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global assigned $70,266 in convertible debt to David Moran & Siobhan Hughes ("Moran-Hughes" and the "Moran-Hughes Debenture"). Moran-Hughes shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Moran-Hughes Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Moran-Hughes Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Moran-Hughes Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $4,444 which represented the face value of the debenture of $4,000 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the Moran-Hughes Debenture which resulted in a $63 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. The carrying value of the Moran-Hughes Debenture was $3,811 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $3,430 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $381 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $163 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global assigned $111,000 in convertible debt to Barry Liben ("Liben" and the "Liben Debenture"). Liben shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Liben Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Liben Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Liben Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $90,055 which represented the face value of the debenture of $80,000 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the Liben Debenture which resulted in a $1,967 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, $74,000 in principal was converted into common stock, and the Company recognized a reduction in conversion liability at present value of $8,088 for the conversions. The balance of the Liben Debenture has been paid in full as of September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $1,493 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global assigned $341,550 in convertible debt to Circle Strategic Allocation Fund, LP ("Circle Strategic" and the "Circle Strategic Debenture"). Circle Strategic shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Circle Strategic Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Circle Strategic Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Circle Strategic Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $300,729, which represents the face value of the debenture of $270,656 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the Circle Strategic Debenture which resulted in a $3,337 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, $29,150 in principal was converted into common stock, and the Company recognized a reduction in conversion liability at present value of $3,239 for the conversions. The carrying value of the Circle Strategic Debenture was $235,351 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $211,796 and the value of the conversion $23,497 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $10,819 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global assigned $75,000 in convertible debt to EFG Bank ("EFG" and the "EFG Debenture"). EFG shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the EFG Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the EFG Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the EFG Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $83,333 which represented the face value of the debenture of $75,000 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the EFG Debenture which resulted in a $935 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. The carrying value of the EFG Debenture was $73,978 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $66,580 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $7,398 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $3,138 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global assigned an additional $115,000 in convertible debt to EFG Bank ("EFG" and the "EFG Debenture"). EFG shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the EFG Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the EFG Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the EFG Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $127,778 which represented the face value of the debenture of $115,000 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the EFG Debenture which resulted in a $1,435 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. The carrying value of the EFG Debenture was $113,432 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $102,089 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $11,343 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $4,811 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global assigned $385,000 in convertible debt to Epelbaum Revocable Trust ("Epelbaum" and the "Epelbaum Debenture"). Epelbaum shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Epelbaum Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Epelbaum Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Epelbaum Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $252,613 which represented the face value of the debenture of $227,352 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the Epelbaum Debenture which resulted in a $2,558 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, $74,691 in principal was converted into common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company recognized a reduction in conversion liability at present value of $8,299 for the conversions. The carrying value of the Epelbaum Debenture was $144,992 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $130,494 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $14,404 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $6,549 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global assigned an additional $40,750 in convertible debt to JMC Holdings, LP ("JMC" and the "JMC Debenture"). JMC shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the JMC Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the JMC Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the JMC Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $45,278 which represented the face value of the debenture of $40,750 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the JMC Debenture which resulted in a $508 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. The carrying value of the JMC Debenture was $40,195 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $36,175 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $4,020 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $1,705 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global assigned $18,500 in convertible debt to Dr. Michael Kesselbrenner TTEE Money Purchase Plan ("Kesselbrenner" and the "Kesselbrenner Debenture"). Kesselbrenner shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Kesselbrenner Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Kesselbrenner Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Kesselbrenner Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $20,556 which represented the face value of the debenture of $18,500 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the Kesselbrenner Debenture which resulted in a $231 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. The carrying value of the Kesselbrenner Debenture was $18,248 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $16,423 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $1,825 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $774 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, YA Global assigned $20,500 in convertible debt to Susan Schneider ("Schneider" and the "Schneider Debenture"). Schneider shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Schneider Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Schneider Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Schneider Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $18,889 which represented the face value of the debenture of $17,000 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the Schneider Debenture which resulted in a $220 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. The carrying value of the Schneider Debenture was $16,699 at September 30, 2013 including principal of $15,030 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $1,669 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $709 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, Cascade assigned $70,718 in convertible debt to Yorkville Advisors, LLC ("Yorkville" and the "Yorkville Debenture"). Yorkville shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Yorkville Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Yorkville Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Yorkville Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $78,576 which represented the face value of the debenture of $70,718 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company recognized a reduction in conversion liability at present value of $7,765 for the conversions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company made payments against the Yorkville Debenture which resulted in a $93 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. The Yorkville Debenture has been paid in full as of September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $527 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2012, YA Global assigned $15,000 in accrued interest to Better Half Bloodstock, Inc. ("Better Half" and the "Better Half Debenture") and an additional $50,000 in accrued interest during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Better Half shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the accrued interest into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Better Half Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Better Half Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Better Half Debenture at December 31, 2012 to be $16,667, including principal of $15,000 and the value of the conversion liability. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, YA Global assigned an additional $50,000 in accrued interest to Better Half Bloodstock, Inc which resulted in an additional $5,493 in conversion liability at present value. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company recorded an expense of $63 for the accretion to fair value of the conversion liability for the period and recognized a reduction in conversion liability at present value of $1,667 for the conversions related to the first assignment. The carrying value of the Better Half Debenture was $55,556 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $50,000 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature for the new assignment has reached its estimated settlement value of $5,556 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense is not being incurred for this obligation.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, YA Global assigned $60,000 in accrued interest to Park Place Capital, LLC ("Park Place" and the "Park Place Debenture"). Park Place shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the accrued interest into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Park Place Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Park Place Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The assignment resulted in recognition of a $6,591 conversion liability at present value. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company recorded an expense of $76 for the accretion to fair value of the conversion liability for the period and recognized a reduction in conversion liability at present value of $6,180 for the conversions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, $55,000 in interest was converted into common stock. The carrying value of the Park Place Debenture was $5,487 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $5,000 and the value of the conversion liability. Interest expense is not being incurred for this obligation.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 YA Global assigned $115,447 in convertible debt and $115,447 in accrued interest to Dakota Capital Pty Limited atf Dakota SP Master Fund ("Dakota Capital" and the "Dakota Capital Debenture"). Dakota Capital shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Dakota Capital Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Dakota Capital Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Dakota Capital Debenture upon assignment to be $128,128 which represented the face value of the debenture of $115,447 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company recorded an expense of $146 for the accretion to fair value of the conversion liability for the period. The carrying value of the Dakota Capital Debenture was $128,274 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $115,447 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $12,827 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $5,162 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 YA Global assigned $60,000 in convertible debt and $40,000 in accrued interest to Westmount International Holdings Limited ("Westmount" and the "Westmount Debenture"). Westmount shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the A&R Debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $1.00 or (b) 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Westmount Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Westmount Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Westmount Debenture upon assignment to be $66,591 which represented the face value of the debenture of $60,000 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company recorded an expense of $76 for the accretion to fair value of the conversion liability for the period. The carrying value of the Westmount Debenture was $66,667 at September 30, 2013, including principal of $60,000 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $6,667 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $1,193 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company issued a convertible debenture in the principal amount of $17,500 (the "Consultant Debenture") in payment for fees incurred to a consultant ("Consultant"). Consultant shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the convertible debt into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to 100% of the closing market price for the Company's common stock for the day preceding the conversion date. The Company accounted for the Consultant Debenture in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the Consultant Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The balance of the Consultant Debenture was $17,500 at December 31, 2012. As of September 30, 2013, the balance on the Consultant Debenture had been paid in full. Interest expense of $43 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company issued a convertible debenture in the principal amount of $175,000 to Gerova Asset Back Holdings, LP ("Gerova" and the "Gerova Debenture"). In consideration if the debenture, Gerova delivered a release in favor of the Company in respect of any and all amounts that may have been due under the Company's former guaranty agreement with Gerova. Gerova shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the convertible debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to 100% of the closing market price for the Company's common stock for the day preceding the conversion date. The balance of the Gerova Debenture was $175,000 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $2,618 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the year ended December 31, 2012, Minority Interest Fund (II), LLC assigned $150,000 of its convertible debt to Magna Group, LLC ("Magna" and the "Magna Debenture"). Magna shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the accrued interest into the Company's common stock at 100% of the market price for the Company's common stock at the time of conversion. The balance of the Magna Debenture was $125,000 at December 31, 2012. As of September 30, 2013, the balance on the Consultant Debenture had been paid in full. Interest expense of $1,207 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, Minority Interest Fund (II), LLC assigned $200,000 of its convertible debt to Nicholas J. Morano, LLC ("Morano" and the "Morano Debenture"). Morano shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the accrued interest into the Company's common stock at 100% of the market price for the Company's common stock at the time of conversion. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, $150,000 in principal was converted into common stock. The balance of the Morano Debenture was $112,086 at September 30, 2013. Interest expense of $6,626 for these obligations was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, sets forth the requirements for determination of whether a financial instrument contains an embedded derivative that must be bifurcated from the host contract, therefore the Company evaluated whether the conversion feature for Series D Preferred Stock would require such treatment; one of the exceptions to bifurcation of the embedded conversion feature is that the conversion feature as a standalone instrument would be classified in stockholders' equity. Management has determined that the conversion option would not be classified as a liability as a standalone instrument, therefore it meets the exception for bifurcation of the embedded derivative under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, addresses whether an instrument that is not under the scope of ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, would be classified as liability or equity; one of the factors that would require liability classification is if the Company does not have sufficient authorized shares to effect the conversion. If a company could be required to obtain shareholder approval to increase the company's authorized shares in order to net-share or physically settle a contract, share settlement is not controlled by the company. The majority of the Company's outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock are owned by Viridis Capital, LLC, an entity controlled by Kevin Kreisler, the chairman of the Company. If all the Series D shares held by Viridis Capital were converted and exceeded the number of authorized common shares, there would be no contingent factors or events that a third party could bring up that would prevent Mr. Kreisler from authorizing the additional shares. There would be no need to have to go to anyone outside the Company for approval since Mr. Kreisler, through Viridis Capital, is the Company's majority shareholder. As a result, the share settlement is controlled by the Company and with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Company assessed all other factors in ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, to determine how the conversion feature would be classified.
Viridis Capital, LLC ("Viridis") is the majority shareholder of the Company and is solely owned by Kevin Kreisler, the Company's founder and chairman. Viridis has guaranteed all of the Company's senior debt and has pledged all of its assets, including its shares of Company Series D Preferred Stock, to YA Global to secure the repayment by the Company of its obligations to YA Global (see Note 11, Stockholders' Equity, below). Viridis has also guaranteed all amounts due to Cantrell Winsness Technologies, LLC in connection with the acquisition by the Company's subsidiary of its patented and patent-pending extraction technologies (see Note 13, Related Party Transactions, below). The Company has separately agreed to indemnify and hold Viridis harmless from any and all losses, costs and expenses incurred by Viridis in connection with its guaranty of the Company's obligations and its investments with the Company.
Each share of Series B Preferred Stock may be converted by the holder into 0.025 shares of common stock. Upon the declaration of dividends on common stock, the holders would be entitled to cumulative dividend rights equal to that of the holders of the number of shares into which the Series B Preferred Shares are convertible, and have voting privileges of one vote to every one common share. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, there were 2,480,544 shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.
Shares of the Series D Preferred Stock (the "Series D Shares") may be converted by the holder into Company common stock. The conversion ratio is such that the full 1,000,000 Series D Shares originally issued convert into Company common shares representing 80% of the fully diluted outstanding common shares outstanding after the conversion (which includes all common shares outstanding plus all common shares potentially issuable upon the conversion of all derivative securities not held by the holder). The holder of Series D Shares may cast the number of votes at a shareholders meeting or by written consent that equals the number of common shares into which the Series D Shares are convertible on the record date for the shareholder action. In the event the Board of Directors declares a dividend payable to Company common shareholders, the holders of Series D Shares will receive the dividend that would be payable if the Series D Shares were converted into Company common shares prior to the dividend. In the event of a liquidation of the Company, the holders of Series D Shares will receive a preferential distribution of $0.001 per share, and will share in the distribution as if the Series D Shares had been converted into common shares. The Company has issued 800,000 Series D Shares to Viridis Capital, LLC, and 62,500 Series D Shares to Minority Interest Fund (II), LLC. However, Viridis and the Company are subject to an additional agreements which, if performed, provide for additional (but currently unissued) shares of the Company's Series D Preferred Stock to be beneficially owned by Edward Carroll (187,500 shares), Acutus Capital, LLC (124,875 shares) and Minority Interest Fund (II), LLC (41,034 additional shares).
ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, sets forth the requirements for determination of whether a financial instrument contains an embedded derivative that must be bifurcated from the host contract, therefore the Company evaluated whether the conversion feature for Series D Preferred Stock would require such treatment; one of the exceptions to bifurcation of the embedded conversion feature is that the conversion feature as a standalone instrument would be classified in stockholders' equity. Management has determined that the conversion option would not be classified as a liability as a standalone instrument, therefore it meets the exception for bifurcation of the embedded derivative under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. ASC 815 addresses whether an instrument that is not under the scope of ASC 480 would be classified as liability or equity; one of the factors that would require liability classification is if the Company does not have sufficient authorized shares to effect the conversion. If a company could be required to obtain shareholder approval to increase the company's authorized shares in order to net-share or physically settle a contract, share settlement is not controlled by the company. The majority of the Company's outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock are owned by Viridis Capital, LLC, an entity controlled by Kevin Kreisler, the chairman of the Company. If all the Series D shares held by Viridis Capital were converted and exceeded the number of authorized common shares, there would be no contingent factors or events that a third party could bring up that would prevent Mr. Kreisler from authorizing the additional shares. There would be no need to have to go to anyone outside the Company for approval since Mr. Kreisler, through Viridis Capital, is the Company's majority shareholder. As a result, the share settlement is controlled by the Company and with ASC 815. The Company assessed all other factors in ASC 815 to determine how the conversion feature would be classified.
Effective January 1, 2010, GS CleanTech Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, executed an Amended and Restated Technology Acquisition Agreement ("TAA") with Cantrell Winsness Technologies, LLC ("CWT"), David F. Cantrell, David Winsness, Gregory P. Barlage and John W. Davis (the "Sellers") pursuant to which the parties amended and restated the method of calculating the purchase price for the Company's corn oil extraction technology (the "Technology"). The TAA provides for the payment by the Company of royalties in connection with the Company's corn oil extraction technologies, the reduction of those royalties as the Sellers receive payment, and a mechanism for conversion of accrued or prepaid royalties into Company common stock. To achieve this latter mechanism, the Company agreed to issue to the Sellers a one-time prepayment in the form of 1,000,000 shares of redeemable Series F Preferred Stock with a face value of $10 per preferred share. The Series F preferred shares are redeemable at face value and a rate equal to the amount royalties paid or prepaid under the TAA. In addition, the Sellers have the right to convert the Series F preferred shares to pay or prepay royalties at a rate equal to the cash proceeds received by the Sellers upon sale of the common shares issued upon conversion Series F preferred shares. The TAA provides for the payment to the Sellers of an initial royalty fee equal to the lesser of $0.10 per gallon or a percentage of net cash flows, both of which are reduced ratably to $0.025 per gallon upon payment, prepayment or conversion as described above. The Company's obligations under the TAA are guaranteed by Viridis Capital, LLC, which guarantee was subordinated by the Sellers to the rights of YA Global under its guaranty agreement with Viridis Capital (see Note 10, Guaranty Agreements, above). The Company accounted for the Series F preferred shares in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the convertible Series F preferred shares could result in the preferred shares being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The Company determined the value of the Series F preferred shares at the grant date to be $925,926 which represented the estimated value of the preferred shares based on common shares into which they could be converted at the grant date, which included the present value of the conversion feature, which was determined to be $428,381. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company recognized a reduction in conversion liability at present value of $74,028 for royalties paid under the agreement, and recorded an expense of $44,025 for the accretion to fair value at September 30, 2013, including the grant date value plus the accretion less redemptions of the conversion liability during the year. The liability for the conversion feature shall increase from its present value of $279,558 at September 30, 2013 to its estimated settlement value of $660,527 at June 10, 2020.
The only conditions under which the Company would be required to redeem its convertible preferred stock for cash would be in the event of a liquidation of the Company or in the event of a cash-out merger of the Company.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company issued a total of 444,511,141 shares and 17,103,123 shares of common stock, respectively, upon conversion in period of $1,116,041 and $738,654, respectively, of principal and accrued interest due pursuant to the Company's various convertible debentures (see Note 9, Debt Obligations, above).
On October 13, 2009, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office ("PTO") issued U.S. Patent No. 7,601,858, titled "Method of Processing Ethanol Byproducts and Related Subsystems" (the '858 Patent) to GS CleanTech Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of GreenShift Corporation. On October 27, 2009, the PTO issued U.S. Patent No. 7,608,729, titled "Method of Freeing the Bound Oil Present in Whole Stillage and Thin Stillage" (the '729 Patent) to GS CleanTech. Both the '858 Patent and the '729 Patent relate to the Company's corn oil extraction technologies.
On October 13, 2009, GS CleanTech filed a legal action in the United States District Court, Southern District of New York captioned GS CleanTech Corporation v. GEA Westfalia Separator, Inc.; and DOES 1-20, alleging infringement of the '858 Patent ("New York I Action"). On October 13, 2009, GS CleanTech filed a Motion to Dismiss with the same court relative to a separate complaint filed previously by Westfalia captioned GEA Westfalia Separator, Inc. v. GreenShift Corporation that alleged (1) false advertising in violation of the Lanham Act § 43(a); (2) deceptive trade practices and false advertising in violation of New York General Business Law §§ 349, 350 and 350-a; and (3) common law unfair competition ("New York II Action"). On October 13, 2009, Westfalia filed its First Amended Complaint in the New York II Action to include as a plaintiff, ethanol production company Ace Ethanol, LLC , and to add claims seeking a declaratory judgment of invalidity and non-infringement of the '858 Patent. On October 13, 2009, ICM, Inc. filed a complaint in the United States District Court, District of Kansas in the matter captioned ICM, Inc. v. GS CleanTech Corporation and GreenShift Corporation, alleging unfair competition, interference with existing and prospective business and contractual relationships, and deceptive trade practices and also seeking a declaratory judgment of invalidity and non-infringement of the '858 Patent.
On October 15, 2009, in the New York I Action, GS CleanTech filed a Notice of Filing First Amended Complaint for infringement of the '858 Patent, along with a copy of the First Amended Complaint, which added ICM, Ace Ethanol, Lifeline Foods LLC and ten additional DOES as defendants in the New York I Action. On October 23, 2009, GS CleanTech's First Amended Complaint in the New York I Action was entered by the court. On November 5, 2009, in ICM's Kansas lawsuit, GS CleanTech filed a motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, to transfer the Kansas case to New York for inclusion in the New York I Action. Also on November 5, 2009, in ICM's Kansas lawsuit, ICM filed a motion to enjoin CleanTech and GreenShift from prosecuting the claims against ICM in the New York I Action.
During February 2010, GS CleanTech commenced a legal action in the United States District Court, Southern District of Indiana captioned GS CleanTech Corporation v. Cardinal Ethanol, LLC, and a separate legal action in the United States District Court, Northern District of Illinois captioned GS CleanTech Corporation v. Big River Resources Galva, LLC and Big River Resources West Burlington, LLC. ICM sold Cardinal and Big River the equipment that each of Cardinal and Big River have used and are using to infringe the '858 Patent as alleged by GS CleanTech. ICM has assumed the defense of each of the above matters.
During May 2010, GS CleanTech commenced the following additional actions: GS CleanTech Corporation v. Lincolnland Agri-Energy, LLC, in the United States District Court, Northern District of Illinois; GS CleanTech Corporation v. Al-Corn Clean Fuel, LLC; Chippewa Valley Ethanol Company, LLLP; Heartland Corn Products, LLC and Bushmills Ethanol, Inc., in the United States District Court, District of Minnesota; GS CleanTech Corporation v. United Wisconsin Grain Producers, LLC, in the United States District Court, Western District of Wisconsin; GS CleanTech Corporation v. Iroquois BioEnergy Company, LLC, in the United States District Court, Northern District of Indiana; GS CleanTech Corporation v. Blue Flint Ethanol, LLC, in the United States District Court, District of North Dakota; and, GS CleanTech Corporation v. Lincolnway Energy, LLC, in the United States District Court, Northern District of Iowa.
On May 6, 2010, GreenShift submitted a "Motion to Transfer Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1407 for Consolidated Pretrial Proceedings" to the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (the "Panel") located in Washington, D.C. In this motion, GreenShift moved the Panel to transfer and consolidate all pending suits involving infringement of GreenShift's patents to one federal court for orderly and efficient review of all pre-trial matters. On August 6, 2010, the Panel ordered the consolidation and transfer of all pending suits in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana for pretrial proceedings (the "MDL Case").
On July 14, 2010, GS CleanTech commenced an action entitled GS CleanTech Corporation v. Adkins Energy, LLC, in the United States District Court, Northern District of Illinois alleging infringement of the '858 Patent. On August 4, 2010, Adkins filed an answer to the complaint and included counterclaims seeking a declaratory judgment that Adkins does not infringe the '858 Patent and that the '858 Patent is invalid, and also alleging breach of contract. On November 30, 2010, the Adkins action was transferred to the MDL Case.
On October 14, 2010, GS CleanTech commenced an action entitled GS CleanTech Corporation v. Flottweg Separation Technology, Inc. and Flottweg AG, in the United States District Court, District of Connecticut alleging infringement of the '858 Patent. On November 15, 2010, GS CleanTech filed an amended complaint alleging that Flottweg Separation Technology, Inc., has infringed the '858 Patent. On November 15, 2010, the Flottweg action was transferred to the MDL Case.
As part of the MDL Case, on November 15, 2010, GS CleanTech amended its complaint filed in the New York I Action to include a claim of patent infringement personally against the founder, CEO and President of ICM, and ICM amended its complaint filed in the Kansas action to include a claim seeking a declaratory judgment that the '858 Patent is unenforceable. On November 30, 2010, in the MDL Case, GS CleanTech filed a motion to dismiss ICM's amended complaint (including its claim seeking a declaratory judgment that the '858 Patent is unenforceable) or, in the alternative, to transfer the Kansas case to New York for inclusion in the New York I Action. ICM has opposed the motion to dismiss. On December 10, 2010, in the MDL Case, GS CleanTech filed motions to strike the affirmative defenses that the '858 Patent is unenforceable asserted by Cardinal Ethanol, LLC; Big River Resources Galva, LLC; and Big River Resources West Burlington, LLC; and Lincolnland Agri-Energy, LLC. Each defendant has opposed the respective motion to strike. On February 14, 2011, GS CleanTech notified the court in the MDL Case that it will not be proceeding with a motion for preliminary injunction. On February 24, 2011, in the MDL Case, in connection with its breach of contract counterclaim against GreenShift Corporation, Adkins Ethanol, LLC filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings or in the alternative partial summary judgment on the issue of liability on the issue of breach of contract and partial summary judgment on the issue of damages. On March 24, 2011, GreenShift filed an opposition to Adkins' motion.
All of the parties in the MDL Action filed their respective briefs with the Court in connection with proposed claim construction for certain claim limitations in the '858 Patent. A hearing on the claim construction matter was then held by the Court in the MDL Action on August 22, 2011. On September 29, 2011, the Court issued its ruling with respect to claim construction.
On December 2, 2011, the Court clarified its earlier claim construction order. On February 6, 2012, the Court granted the Company's motion to amend its various complaints to include the recently issued U.S. Pat. No. 8,008,516 (the "'516 Patent"). On February 27, 2012, the Company filed amended complaints alleging that the Defendants infringed the '516 Patent.
On May 23, 2012, several defendants filed motions for summary judgment of noninfringement. The Company filed oppositions against the defendants' motions for summary judgment of noninfringement on July 25, 2012, and July 30, 2012, and filed its own motions for summary judgment of infringement on September 14, 2012. On June 20, 2012, the Company dismissed with prejudice all claims asserted against Amaizing Energy Atlantic, LLC; Amaizing Energy Cooperative; Amaizing Energy Denison, LLC Amaizing Energy Holding Company pursuant to a settlement agreement. The Court approved this dismissal on August 1, 2012.
On August 6, 2012, the Court granted the Company's motion to amend its various complaints to include the recently issued U.S. Pat. No. 8,168,037 (the "'037 Patent"). On August 31 2012, the Company filed amended complaints alleging that certain Defendants infringed the '037 Patent. On November 7, 2012, the Court granted the Company's motion to amend its various complaints to include other patents directed to similar technology. On November 9, 2012, the Company filed amended complaints alleging that the Defendants infringed U.S. Pat. No. 8,008,517 (the "'517 Patent") and U.S. Pat. No.8,283,484 (the "'484 patent).
On November 19, 2012, the Court denied Adkins Energy, LLC's Motion for judgment on the pleadings or, in the alternative, for partial summary judgment on the issue of liability for breach of contract, and for partial summary judgment on one part of Adkins' damages. The Court found that Adkins had not established its substantial performance under the contract or that the Company breached its terms with Adkins.
On January 29, 2013, the Court issued a supplemental order on claim construction. Because this order modified the Court's earlier claim construction, the Court stayed all briefing in the pending summary judgment motions regarding infringement.
On February 12, 2013, the Company filed a motion for summary judgment against Adkins' counterclaims of breach of contract (and related defenses). Adkins filed its opposition on March 22, 2013. On May 21, 2013, the Court denied the Company's motion for summary judgment against Adkins' counterclaims of breach of contract (and related defenses).
On February 27, 2013, the Court dismissed a number of unfair competition claims asserted by ICM against the Company, but the Court allowed ICM to proceed with a federal Lanham Act claim against the Company.
On May 8, 2013, the Court issued an order on claim construction for the '037 Patent.
On May 24, 2013, GS CleanTech commenced an action entitled GS CleanTech Corporation v. Pacific Ethanol, Inc., in the United States District Court, Eastern District of California alleging infringement of the '858 Patent. On July 18, 2013, Pacific filed an answer to the complaint and included counterclaims seeking a declaratory judgment that Pacific does not infringe the '858 Patent and that the '858 Patent is invalid and unenforceable. On August 8, 2013, GS CleanTech answered Pacific's counterclaims.
On June 7, 2013, GS CleanTech commenced an action entitled GS CleanTech Corporation v. Guardian Energy, LLC, in the United States District Court, District of Minnesota alleging infringement of the '858, '516, '517, and '484 Patents.
On July 12, 2013, GS CleanTech commenced an action entitled GS CleanTech Corporation v. Western New York Energy, LLC, in the United States District Court, Western District of New York alleging infringement of the '858, '516, '517, and '484 Patents.
On July 19, 2013, GS CleanTech commenced an action entitled GS CleanTech Corporation v. Little Sioux Corn Processors, LLLP, in the United States District Court, Northern District of Iowa alleging infringement of the '858, '516, '517, and '484 Patents.
On August 5, 2013, GS CleanTech commenced an action entitled GS CleanTech Corporation v. Southwest Iowa Renewable Energy, LLC, in the United States District Court, Southern District of Iowa alleging infringement of the '858, '516, '517, and '484 Patents.
On August 10, 2013, GS CleanTech commenced an action entitled GS CleanTech Corporation v. Homeland Energy Solutions, LLC, in the United States District Court, Northern District of Iowa alleging infringement of the '858, '516, '517, '484 and '037 Patents.
On September 10, 2013, GS CleanTech commenced an action entitled GS CleanTech Corporation v. Aemetis, Inc. and Aemetis Advanced Fuels Keyes, Inc., in the United States District Court, Southern District of Indiana alleging infringement of the '858 Patent. On September 13, 2013, Aemetis filed an answer to the complaint and included counterclaims seeking a declaratory judgment that Aemetis does not infringe the '858 Patent and that the '858 Patent is invalid and unenforceable.
On July 23, 2013, GS CleanTech filed motions for summary judgment of infringement of the '858, '516, '517, and '484 Patents against the following defendants: Ace Ethanol, LLC, Adkins Energy, LLC, Al-Corn Clean Fuel, Big River Resources Galva, LLC, Big River Resources West Burlington, LLC, Blue Flint Ethanol, LLC, Bushmills Ethanol, Inc., Cardinal Ethanol, LLC, Chippewa Valley Ethanol Company, LLLP, Heartland Corn Products, Iroquois Bio-Energy Company, LLC, Lincolnland Agri-Energy, LLC, Lincolnway Energy LLC, and United Wisconsin Grain Producers, LLC.
On September 23, 2013, the above Defendants filed their oppositions (and cross-motions) asserting their non-infringement and invalidity positions regarding the '858, '516, '517, and '484 Patents.
There have been no other substantive rulings on the merits on any of the actions included in the MDL Case and Management is unable to characterize or evaluate the probability of any outcome at this time. The Company intends to take all necessary steps to bring infringement of its patents to an end, including filing additional lawsuits involving any and all infringing use of the Company's patents. The Company further plans to seek additional relief for instances of willful infringement. The Company's position is that any infringing ethanol producer is liable for any infringing use of the Company's patented technologies beginning on the publication date of the application that led to the '858 Patent.
On June 28, 2010 JMJ Financials commenced an action entitled JMJ Financial v. GreenShift et. al., in the Circuit Court of the 11th Judicial Circuit in and for Miami-Dade County, State of Florida, alleging breach of contract and other causes of action for which the plaintiff seeks damages of about $300,000 plus costs. In January 2013 judgment in the amount of $600,026 was entered by default against GreenShift and its co-defendants. The Company is currently negotiating a settlement with the plaintiff.
On September 10, 2012, Long Side Ventures commenced an action entitled Long Side Ventures and Sunny Isles Ventures, LLC, LLC v. GreenShift et. al., in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging breach of contract and other causes of action for which the plaintiff seeks damages of about $250,000 plus costs. The Company intends to vigorously defend this action. At this stage of the proceedings, we cannot evaluate the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome in excess of the amounts previously accrued.
The Company is also involved in various collection matters for which vendors are seeking payment for services rendered and goods provided. The Company and its subsidiaries are party to numerous matters pertaining to outstanding amounts alleged to be due. Management is unable to characterize or evaluate the probability of any outcome at this time.
Under the Company's insurance programs, coverage is obtained for catastrophic exposures, as well as those risks required to be insured by law or contract. There is a $2,500 deductible per occurrence for environmental impairments. Environmental liability insurance is carried with policy limits of $1,000,000 per occurrence and $2,000,000 aggregate.
The Company is party to employment agreements with Kevin Kreisler, the Company's Chairman, Ed Carroll, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, David Winsness, the Company's Chief Technology Officer, Greg Barlage, the Company's Chief Operating Officer, and Richard Krablin, the Company's Vice President. Each agreement also included terms for reimbursement of expenses, periodic bonuses, four weeks' vacation and participation in any employee benefits provided to all employees of GreenShift Corporation.
The Company's Articles of Incorporation provide that the Company shall indemnify its officers, directors, employees and agents to the full extent permitted by Delaware law. The Company's Bylaws include provisions to indemnify its officers and directors and other persons against expenses (including attorney's fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid for settlement) incurred in connection with actions or proceedings brought against them by reason of their serving or having served as officers, directors or in other capacities. The Company does not, however, indemnify them in actions in which it is determined that they have not acted in good faith or have acted unlawfully. The Company is further subject to various indemnification agreements with various parties pursuant to which the Company has agreed to indemnify and hold such parties harmless from and against expenses and costs incurred (including attorney's fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid for settlement) in connection with the provision by such parties of certain financial accommodations to the Company. Such parties indemnified by the Company include YA Global Investments, L.P., YA Corn Oil Systems, LLC, Viridis Capital, LLC, Minority Interest Fund (II), LLC, Acutus Capital, LLC, and various family members of the Company's chairman that have provided the Company with cash investments.
Minority Interest Fund (II), LLC ("MIF") is party to certain convertible debentures issued by the Company (see Note 9, Debt Obligations, above). The managing member of MIF is a relative of the Company's chairman.
Viridis Capital LLC ("Viridis") is party to certain convertible debentures issued by the Company (see Note 9, Debt Obligations, above). The managing member of Viridis is the Company's chairman, Kevin Kreisler.
The Company entered into agreements with MIF and Viridis to amend and restate the terms of the MIF Debenture and Viridis Debenture effective September 30, 2011 to extend the maturity date to June 30, 2013; to eliminate and contribute $502,086 in accrued interest and $1,065,308 of principal; to reduce the applicable interest rate to 6% per annum; to eliminate MIF's and Viridis' right to convert amounts due at a discount to the market price of the Company's common stock; and to reverse various non-cash assignments of debt involving related parties (see Note 9, Debt Obligations, above). The restated balances due to MIF and Viridis at September 30, 2011, were $3,017,061 and $237,939, respectively. No interest was payable to either MIF or Viridis after these amendments. In addition, the balances of convertible debt due to Acutus Capital, LLC ("Acutus") and family members of the Company's chairman were amended and restated at September 30, 2011, to $1,090,000 and $351,000, respectively, in connection with cash investments previously provided to the Company. The terms of these debentures provide for interest at 6% per annum, a maturity date of June 30, 2013, and the right to convert amounts due into Company common stock at 100% of the market price for the Company's common stock at the time of conversion. MIF received 62,500 shares of Series D Preferred Stock in partial consideration of the contribution of principal and accrued interest and the various other modified terms of MIF's agreements with the Company. The foregoing debentures are subject to conditions which limit the transfer of shares issued upon conversion to 5% of the average monthly volume for the Company's common stock.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, MIF forgave $5,793 of the amount due from the Company for no additional consideration. During the year ended December 31, 2012, MIF forgave $187,500 of the amount due from the Company for no additional consideration. Also during the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company's chairman transferred approximately $146,000 in deferred salaries owed to him by the Company to Viridis Capital, LLC in the form of additional principal under a debenture held by Viridis. On the same date, all principal and interest owed to Viridis by the Company were assigned to MIF. During the year ended December 31, 2012, various other related party employees waived an aggregate of $637,111 in deferred compensation from prior years.
Between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2010, Viridis, MIF, Acutus, and management personnel provided the Company with the cash resources we needed for our overhead needs, including all legal expenses incurred in the prosecution of infringing use of our patented technologies. Viridis is owned by our chairman, MIF is owned by a family member of our chairman, and Acutus is owned by our chairman's attorney. In addition, Viridis has guaranteed all of the Company's debt due to YA Global and all amounts due to Cantrell Winsness Technologies, LLC, in connection with the acquisition by the Company's subsidiary of its patented and patent-pending extraction technologies (see Note 10, Guaranty Agreements, above). The Company has separately agreed to indemnify and hold Viridis and its affiliates harmless from any and all losses, costs and expenses incurred by Viridis and its affiliates in connection with its and their various investments with the Company as well as Viridis' guarantees of Company's obligations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company paid an indemnification obligation to Viridis of $450,000, $250,000 of which was paid in the form of a debenture (see Note 9, Debt Obligations, above). These amounts are shown as other expense in the accompanying financial statements. The Company has agreed to indemnify and hold Viridis harmless from any and all losses, costs and expenses incurred by Viridis in connection with its guaranty of the Company's obligations and its investments with the Company.
Effective January 1, 2010, GS CleanTech Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, executed an Amended and Restated Technology Acquisition Agreement ("TAA") with Cantrell Winsness Technologies, LLC ("CWT"), David F. Cantrell, David Winsness, Gregory P. Barlage and John W. Davis (the "Sellers") pursuant to which the parties amended and restated the method of calculating the purchase price for the Company's corn oil extraction technology (the "Technology"). The TAA provides for the payment by the Company of royalties in connection with the Company's corn oil extraction technologies, the reduction of those royalties as the Sellers receive payment, and a mechanism for conversion of accrued or prepaid royalties into Company common stock. To achieve this latter mechanism, the Company agreed to issue to the Sellers a one-time prepayment in the form of 1,000,000 shares of redeemable Series F Preferred Stock ("CWT Preferred Shares") with a face value of $10 per preferred share (see Note 11, Shareholders' Equity, above). The CWT Preferred Shares are redeemable at face value and a rate equal to the amount royalties paid or prepaid under the TAA. In addition, the Sellers have the right to convert the CWT Preferred Shares to pay or prepay royalties at a rate equal to the cash proceeds received by the Sellers upon sale of the common shares issued upon conversion CWT Preferred Shares. The TAA provides for the payment to the Sellers of an initial royalty fee equal to the lesser of $0.10 per gallon or a percentage of net cash flows, both of which are reduced ratably to $0.025 per gallon upon payment, prepayment or conversion as described above. The Company's obligations under the TAA are guaranteed by Viridis Capital, LLC, which guarantee was subordinated by the Sellers to the rights of YA Global under its guaranty agreement with Viridis Capital (see Note 10, Guaranty Agreement, above).
On November 12, 2013, the Company and YA Global Investments, L.P., entered into an amended forbearance agreement pursuant to which the maturity date of the Company's outstanding debt to YA Global and its assignees (see Note 9, Debt Obligations, above) was extended to December 31, 2014. The amendment further provided for a mandatory prepayment of $500,000 on or before December 15, 2013, cash payments by the Company of $250,000 per month for the first six months of 2014, $300,000 per month for the second six months of 2014 and the reimbursement of certain legal costs and expenses. The Company will also be required to pay an amount equal to twenty percent (20%) of all gross proceeds received from any defendant in any patent infringement litigation, whether now existing or hereafter arising, within one (1) Business Day of receipt.
The following discussion and analysis provides information which management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included herewith and notes to the consolidated financial statements thereto. Reference should also be made to the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.
The SEC encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better understand a company's future prospects and make informed investment decisions. This report contains "forward-looking statements". These forward-looking statements relate to our outlook or expectations for earnings, revenues, expenses, asset quality or other future financial or business performance, strategies or expectations, or the impact of legal, regulatory or supervisory matters on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Specifically, forward-looking statements may include statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words "estimate," "plan," "project," "forecast," "intend," "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "seek," "target," "may," "could," "should," "will," or similar expressions. Any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained herein reflect management's judgment based on currently available information and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Future performance cannot be ensured. Although we believe that our expectations regarding future events are based on reasonable assumptions, any or all forward-looking statements in this report may turn out to be incorrect. They may be based on inaccurate assumptions or may not account for known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Consequently, no forward-looking statement is guaranteed, and actual future results may vary materially from the results expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. The cautionary statements in this report expressly qualify all of our forward-looking statements. In addition, we are not obligated, and do not intend, to update any of our forward-looking statements at any time unless an update is required by applicable securities laws. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. Specifically, we may experience significant fluctuations in future operating results due to a number of economic conditions, including, but not limited to, competition, the actions of third parties infringing our patents, commodity market risks, financial market risks, counter-party risks, risks associated with changes to federal policy or regulation or to the laws upon which our intellectual property rights are based, the timely completion of corn oil extraction projects by our licensees, the amount of corn oil recovered by our licensees, and other risk factors detailed in our reports filed with the SEC. Actual results may differ materially from projected results due, without limitation, to unforeseen developments.
We develop and commercialize clean technologies that facilitate the more efficient use of natural resources. We are focused on doing so today in the U.S. ethanol industry, where we innovate and offer technologies that improve the profitability of licensed ethanol producers.
We invented, developed, commercialized and patented new technologies that integrate into the back-end of existing dry mill corn ethanol plants to tap into a new reserve of inedible crude corn oil with an estimated industry-wide output of about 800 MMGY, an amount capable of offsetting about 20 million barrels of fossil fuel-derived crude oil per year. This corn oil is a valuable feedstock for use in the production of advanced carbon-neutral liquid fuels and other biomass-derived alternatives to fossil fuel-based products.
Our corn oil extraction technologies are widely considered to be the quickest and best path for margin improvement for corn ethanol producers today. The current market value of corn oil recovered by our licensees is about $2.85 per gallon, which is a significant premium to its value without use of our patented corn oil extraction processes. Our corn oil extraction technologies increase corn-to-biofuel yields while reducing the energy and greenhouse gas intensity of corn ethanol production for dry mill ethanol producers. These benefits correspond to increased ethanol producer income of more than $0.15 per gallon of ethanol produced, and ethanol producer paybacks of less than 1 year at current market prices. No technologies have been developed, commercialized and made available to corn ethanol producers in the history of the ethanol industry that begin to approach these results.
In February 2010, the EPA published its estimate that 70% of the U.S. ethanol industry will use back-end corn oil extraction technology to produce 40% of America's biodiesel feedstock by 2022. Industry publications routinely predict the adoption of back-end corn oil extraction by the entire industry. If that actually occurs, if our patented technologies actually standardize and shift the majority of the U.S. ethanol industry into increased efficiency and profitability, then we will have fulfilled our founding mission of building value by developing and using technology to catalyze disruptive environmental gain.
We believe that the first, best and most cost-effective way to achieve positive environmental change of any magnitude is to develop technology-driven economic incentives that motivate large groups of people and companies to make incremental environmental contributions that are collectively very significant. At projected levels of adoption, that is precisely what our patented corn oil extraction technologies will have done by sustainably producing globally-meaningful quantities of new carbon-neutral liquid fuels for distribution through existing fossil fuel supply chains; displacing more than 20 million barrels per year of crude oil (as much as a small oil producing nation); saving trillions of cubic feet per year of natural gas; eliminating tens of millions of metric tons per year of greenhouse gas emissions; and infusing more than an estimated $2 billion per year of increased income into the corn ethanol industry – the foundation of North America's renewable fuel production capability.
We are focused on driving and supporting the full utilization of our patented corn oil extraction technologies by as many licensed ethanol plants as possible, as quickly as possible. We generate revenue by licensing our technologies to ethanol producers, and by providing our licensees with success-driven, value-added services and other solutions based upon our expertise, know-how, technologies, and patent position.
We also maintain our strong commitment to continued innovation and have many additional patents pending for our portfolio of strategically-compatible cleantech designed to leverage our extraction platform and further strengthen the significant competitive advantages that our technologies provide to licensed ethanol producers.
We will continue to work with our licensees to maximize the benefits and minimize the costs of recovering as much corn oil as possible. We will also remain focused on winning new business and increasing our licensed penetration. To do so, we will continue to provide exceptional services, the highest-performing systems packages available, and access to new technologies for further gains in licensee profitability and competitive advantage. We will continue to expand our patent portfolio. We have many additional patents pending and we remain committed to developing new technologies to further enhance the profitability of our licensees. And, we will stay the course in our ongoing infringement litigation but plan to expand our efforts to aggressively prosecute any entity, manager or other person infringing or inducing infringement of our technologies – all with a view towards enhancing and protecting the significant competitive advantage of our licensees.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 three customers each provided over 10% of our revenue; during the nine months ended September 30, 2012, three customers each provided over 10% of our revenue. As we expect a number of our customers to commence corn oil production in coming months and additional royalty agreements to be signed, we do not anticipate that any of the customers that have been significant to date will continue to represent a significant portion of our revenue in the next fiscal year. Currently, however, our ability to maintain revenue levels depends on continuing relations with a small number of significant customers.
Our financial performance for 2013 and beyond can be expected to be most significantly impacted by the rate at which our existing and new licensees commence production, the amount of corn oil that our licensees produce, the market price for that corn oil, the extent to which we collect reasonable royalties, and the costs incurred in our ongoing litigation for infringement of our patents. In addition, future results may be improved by the impact of event-driven systems integration contracts as we continue to receive significant interest for our engineering and other services in connection with the design, construction, integration and modification of corn oil extraction systems and other new systems for existing and prospective licensees. We expect that these activities will contribute to revenue during 2013.
We additionally expect to continue to incur substantial costs in connection with our ongoing litigation for infringement of our patented corn oil extraction technologies. These costs increased during 2012 and are expected to continue to increase through 2013 in advance of trial, and as we expand our litigation this year to protect the competitive advantage of our licensees by prosecuting additional producers and other parties infringing our patents. These expenses may delay or otherwise adversely affect our ability to achieve our profitability and debt reduction goals. We hope to eventually eliminate our litigation expense, but we must and will take all necessary steps to bring infringement of our patents to an end. We have reserved cash for this purpose.
Our revenues are derived from our technology licensing activities and the provision of related products and services. We issue royalty-bearing licenses to ethanol producers that use our patented and patent-pending technologies. In return, we receive ongoing royalty fees under our license agreements that are based on the market value of the corn oil produced by our licensees. Our license agreements also call for our provision of technical services to our licensees, which we provide to maximize the benefit of our technologies to our clients and, derivatively, us by way of increased royalty income. These services include design, procurement, integration and ongoing support services. During 2013 and 2012, some of our license agreements provided for royalties in the form of a discounted corn oil purchase price. In these cases, our royalty payments were equal to the gross profit realized upon sale of corn oil, or the difference between the market price of the corn oil produced and our discounted purchase price in each relevant license.
Our costs of sales primarily include allocable labor, materials and incidental expenses incurred in connection with our provision of services to our licensees.
Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2013 were $4.1 million as compared to $3.1 million generated during the three months ended September 30, 2012. Revenue in future periods can be expected to increase as a result of our technology licensing activities, but will remain subject to variance in connection with a number of factors, including the rate at which our licensees commence production, the amount of corn oil that our licensees produce, the market price for that corn oil, the extent to which we collect reasonable royalties, and the degree to which we provide event-driven systems integration services to our licensees involving the design, construction, integration and modification of licensed technologies.
Costs of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2013 were $1.8 million as compared to about $0.9 million for the same period last year. Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2013 was about $2.3 million as compared to about $2.2 million from the third quarter of 2012. We expect to achieve increased economies of scale with respect to our costs of sales and increased gross profit as all of our existing and new licensees commence and achieve full production and as we execute new licenses for our corn oil extraction and other technologies.
Operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 were about $2.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Operating expenses during 2013 included about $1.4 million in legal costs, incurred primarily in connection with our ongoing litigation for patent infringement and the completion of amended agreements with YA Global. Operating expenses during the third quarter of 2012 included about $0.6 million in legal costs incurred primarily in connection with our ongoing patent litigation. In addition, our research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2013 fell to $190,617 from the $286,560 incurred in the third quarter of 2012. Fluctuations in R&D expense are primarily determined by whether our technical personnel are focused on technology development or customer implementation in a given period.
Other expense for the three months ended September 30, 2013 was about $0.4 million, as compared to about $0.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2012. The amount for 2013 included about $0.4 million in accrued interest as compared to about $0.5 million in accrued interest expense incurred in the third quarter of 2012. We additionally incurred about $0.4 million in legal costs relating to the execution of amended agreements with YA Global during the first quarter 2012, 90% of which were recorded as deferred financing costs and were amortized in 2012. Net loss for three months ended September 30, 2013 was about $0.5 million as compared to a net loss of about $40,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2012.
We accounted for our convertible debt in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the convertible debentures could result in the note principal and related accrued interest being converted to a variable number of our common shares. The conversion feature on these debentures is variable and based on trailing market prices. It therefore contains an embedded derivative. The fair value of the conversion features is calculated at the time of issuance and we record a conversion liability for the calculated value. We recognize additional interest expense for the conversion liability which is added to the principal of the debenture for financial reporting purposes (without an actual increase in the amount we owe to the relevant lender). We also recognize interest expense for accretion of the conversion liability to fair value over the term of the note. The conversion liability is valued at the end of each reporting period and results in a gain or loss for the change in fair value. Due to the volatile nature of our stock, the change in the derivative liability and the resulting gain or loss is usually material to our results. The principal amount on our convertible debentures due to various lenders was about $27 million as of September 30, 2013, which amount included conversion liabilities of about $2.5 million. The change in value of these conversion liabilities during the third quarter of 2013 resulted in other income during the period of about $50,000.
Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 were $12.0 million as compared to $10.2 million generated during the nine months ended September 30, 2012. Revenue in future periods can be expected to increase as a result of our technology licensing activities, but will remain subject to variance in connection with a number of factors, including the rate at which our licensees commence production, the amount of corn oil that our licensees produce, the market price for that corn oil, the extent to which we collect reasonable royalties, and the degree to which we provide event-driven systems integration services to our licensees involving the design, construction, integration and modification of licensed technologies.
Costs of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 were 5.4 million as compared to about $3.7 million for the same period last year. Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was about $6.6 million as compared to about $6.5 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2012. We expect to achieve increased economies of scale with respect to our costs of sales and increased gross profit as all of our existing and new licensees commence and achieve full production and as we execute new licenses for our corn oil extraction and other technologies.
Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 were about $6.1 million and $3.8 million, respectively. The principal reason for the disparity was that operating expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 were offset by a $0.8 million change in a valuation allowance and operating expenses during 2013 included about $3.0 million in legal costs, incurred primarily in connection with our ongoing litigation for patent infringement and the completion of amended agreements with YA Global. Operating expenses during 2012 included about $1.8 million in legal costs, of which about $1.0 million was accrued and not paid during the period. Our operating expenses for the first nine months of 2012 would have been about $4.7 million net of the impact of a $0.8 million reversal of a valuation allowance realized during the period. In addition, our research and development expenses of $336,108 during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 approximated the $324,944 incurred in the first three quarters of 2012. Fluctuations in R&D expense are primarily determined by whether our technical personnel are focused on technology development or customer implementation in a given period.
Other expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was about $1.7 million, as compared to other income of about $1.2 million from 2012. The amount for 2013 included about $1.3 million in accrued interest as compared to about $1.6 million in accrued interest expense incurred in 2012, corresponding to a reduction of about 18% as a result of previously-disclosed debt reduction efforts. Other income for 2012 also included a $3.1 million gain realized on extinguishment of debt in that same amount. We additionally incurred about $0.4 million in legal costs relating to the execution of amended agreements with YA Global during the first quarter 2012, 90% of which were recorded as deferred financing costs and were expensed ratably on a monthly basis over the remainder of 2012. Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was about $1.3 million as compared to net income of about $3.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2012.
We accounted for our convertible debt in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the convertible debentures could result in the note principal and related accrued interest being converted to a variable number of our common shares. The conversion feature on these debentures is variable and based on trailing market prices. It therefore contains an embedded derivative. The fair value of the conversion features is calculated at the time of issuance and we record a conversion liability for the calculated value. We recognize additional interest expense for the conversion liability which is added to the principal of the debenture for financial reporting purposes (without an actual increase in the amount we owe to the relevant lender). We also recognize interest expense for accretion of the conversion liability to fair value over the term of the note. The conversion liability is valued at the end of each reporting period and results in a gain or loss for the change in fair value. Due to the volatile nature of our stock, the change in the derivative liability and the resulting gain or loss is usually material to our results. The principal amount on our convertible debentures due to various lenders was about $27 million as of September 30, 2013, which amount included conversion liabilities of about $2.5 million. The change in value of these conversion liabilities during the first nine months of 2013 resulted in other income during the period of about $35,000.
Our primary source of liquidity during 2013 was cash produced by our operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we produced about $4.5 million in net cash from operating activities, and used $2.3 million in net cash in financing activities by repaying loans in that amount. During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, we produced about $1.3 million in net cash in operating activities and used $1.0 million in net cash in financing activities. Our cash balances at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were about $4.3 million and $2.0 million, respectively. The Company had a working capital deficit of about $41 million at September 30, 2013, about $29 million of which was attributable to current obligations convertible into Company common stock.
Our financial position and liquidity moving forward will be based on our ability to generate cash flows from our operations, as well as the level of our outstanding indebtedness and our debt service obligations. Our business is highly impacted by commodity price volatility, primarily in the market for corn oil. While demand for extracted corn oil is strong in the biodiesel and multiple other markets, decreases in the price of corn oil will have a negative impact on the amount of cash we are able to produce from our operating activities. Moreover, to the extent that our existing and potential new licensees are all corn ethanol producers, our business is also subject to commodity price risk in the markets for ethanol, distillers grain, corn and natural gas. These risks are partially mitigated for us by the fact that use of our corn oil extraction technologies will enhance the liquidity and financial position of licensed ethanol producers and provide our licensees with vitally important cash flows during periods of reduced ethanol producer margins. However, our ability to generate cash flow may be adversely affected if, for example, a new licensee were forced by a reduced crush spread to suspend operations prior to installing a corn oil extraction system.
We owe about $24 million in debt to YA Global, all of which is due on December 31, 2013. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we paid YA Global and its assignees a total of about $1,250,000 in cash, and YA Global and its assignees collectively converted about $431,000 due under their debentures into shares of our common stock. On November 12, 2013, the Company and YA Global Investments, L.P., entered into an amended forbearance agreement pursuant to which the maturity date of the Company's outstanding debt to YA Global and its assignees (see Note 9, Debt Obligations, above) was extended to December 31, 2014. The amendment further provided for a mandatory prepayment of $500,000 on or before December 15, 2013, cash payments by the Company of $250,000 per month for the first six months of 2014, $300,000 per month for the second six months of 2014 and the reimbursement of certain legal costs and expenses. The Company will also be required to pay an amount equal to twenty percent (20%) of all gross proceeds received from any defendant in any patent infringement litigation, whether now existing or hereafter arising, within one (1) Business Day of receipt.
Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer participated in and supervised the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13(a)-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")). The Company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer determined that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company had a material weakness because it did not have a sufficient number of personnel with an appropriate level of knowledge and experience of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) that are commensurate with the Company's financial reporting requirements. As a result, Management concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at September 30, 2013.
There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Our investors should consider the risks that could affect us and our business as set forth in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. There has been no material change from the risks set forth in that Report.
Although we have attempted to discuss meaningful factors, our investors need to be aware that other factors and risks may become important in the future. New risks may emerge at any time. We cannot predict such risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our operations and financial performance. Investors should carefully consider the discussion of risks and the other information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the Cautionary Information Regarding Forward-Looking Information provided above in Part I, Item 2, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company issued a total of 444,511,141 shares to the Company's various convertible debt holders upon their conversion of convertible debenture in the aggregate amount of $1,116,041. The sales were exempt pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act since the sales were not made in a public offering and were made to entities whose principals had access to detailed information about the Company and were acquiring the shares for the entity's own account. There were no underwriters.
Amended and Restated Technology Acquisition Agreement dated January 1, 2010 among GS CleanTech Corporation, Cantrell Winsness Technologies, LLC, David F. Cantrell, David Winsness, Gregory P. Barlage and John W. Davis.
Employment Agreement dated June 30, 2008 between GreenShift Corporation and Kevin Kreisler.
Employment Agreement dated March 20, 2008 between GreenShift Corporation and Edward Carroll.
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the date indicated.