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Range vs Charge Speed: Which is More Important for EVs?
December 30, 2020 December 30, 2020 ClassicAutomobile
Credit: Original article published by QuattroDaily.
The electric vehicle is obviously nothing new, with EVs becoming readily available to the masses over a decade ago. However, EVS are now starting to become mainstream enough that infrastructure and government regulation changes are necessary right now. Not in a couple of years but today. The reason for the need for immediate change, especially in our infrastructure, is that electric vehicles are powered and fueled very differently than internal combustion vehicles and we need to adapt to their needs.
What is by far the most important concern among EV buyers, both new and old, is range anxiety. Constantly doing the math in your head about how far you have left to go, how much battery the car says is remaining, how far to the nearest charge station and how long it's going to take to charge is exhausting and, sometimes, scary. So we need to not only adapt our infrastructure to support EVs better but we ourselves also need to adapt and learn how to drive EVs, as well as what to prioritize when buying them.
When it comes to buying EVs, there are two variables that must be taken into consideration, potentially above all else; range and charge speed.
Range is simple; how far the car can drive on a full battery charge. At the moment, the golden number seems to be 300 miles. While there are cars that can do more (Both Tesla and Lucid have 400 mile cars) and cars that do far less (Audi e-tron, BMW i3), 300 seems to be the number with which customers start to let go of their range anxiety. Even at 200 miles, customers are still doing that math in their head as they drive and that's not an enjoyable experience.
Charge Speed
Charge speed is different but equally as obvious; it's how fast the car can charge its batteries. However, there are different variables when it comes to rating the speed at which a car can actually charge.
First of which is its max charging speed, rated by the manufacturer. Charge speed is typically rated in kilowatts and most of the better EVs on the market are capable of 150 kW charging, which is quite good. Anything under 100 kW is now considered slow and anything over 150 kW is exceptionally fast. However, when it comes to anything over 150 kW, the availability of compatible charging stations becomes scarce. So the faster the charge speed the better but don't expect to always be able to charge at the speed.
Next up is the sort of charger you can use. Sometimes you can find 150 kW fast chargers in the real world (most Tesla Supercharger stations have chargers rated at that speed or higher) and some home charging stations are rated at that speed. If you have access such chargers, great, but not all chargers are rated at 150 kW. So even if your car is, the charger you're using might not be, thus requiring you to charge your car at a lower speed than it's capable of, which will obviously take longer.
The last charge speed variable is the duration of max charge speed. This is possibly the most important aspect of charging a battery. Many new cars are rated at 150 kW charging but not many of them can charge at that speed for very long. For instance, certain Tesla models are rated at 250 kW charging, which is currently the fastest among production cars. However, it can only charge at 250 kW for a very short time, so charging at that speed doesn't actually improve charge times all that much over a 150kW charger. This article from Car and Driver is a good example of that.
Charging Network
This really only pertains to one automaker but it's still worth noting. While all EVs can use most chargers, and the Electrify America network is getting quite large, Telsas are the only EVs that can use Tesla's Supercharging network. Due to the Supercharger network's far greater availability, ease of use and high-speed chargers, it seems that Tesla has a massive advantage over the competition, which should factor heavily in your EV buying decision.
How to Choose Your EV
When choosing your EV, you have to figure out what you prioritize more; outright range or charge speed. For example, let's say you commute relatively far for work but your job has a charging station you can use while you're there. Outright range is likely more important because you have to drive far but you also have all day to charge. Or maybe you don't have a far commute but are in your car often, throughout the day. The ability to charge quickly each and every time you stop might be more important than the actual distance you can drive in one shot.
The Audi e-tron is a good example of the latter. It doesn't have a ton of range, with only 200-ish miles of range in the real world. However, it can charge at 150 kW from about 10-percent SOC (state of charge) to about 70-percent. So that's a huge bandwith of 150 kW charging, thus decreasing the time it takes to actually charge the vehicle.
While the Hyundai Kona EV is a good example of the former. It has more range than the e-tron, at 258 miles, but only charges at 75 kW. So it can go about 50 miles further, give or take real world factors, but charges slower.
Obviously those two cars aren't going to be cross-shopped, as they're priced in two completely different categories. But they prove that there's a decision to be made about overall range, charge speed, the duration of that charge speed, the availability of chargers in your area and what sort of chargers they are.
So, to summarize it all, if you're looking for an electric car, don't just look at its overall range as an indicator of how good of an EV it's going to be or what your experience is going to be like. There are other factors involved that can actually be even more important. In the end, figuring our which is more important really comes down to your specific situation and they all need to be considered before making a purchase.
Categoriese-tron Editorial Electric News
Charge SpeedElectric VehiclesEVRange
The post Range vs Charge Speed: Which is More Important for EVs? appeared first on QuattroDaily.
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Lesson Plans - anyone have one?
Hi - i'm looking for a lesson plan for my 9 year old beginner. I'd like to be able to have a "plan" with him spending an hour or so per day in Tynker. The individual projects have varying lengths of time so I don';t know what to assign him to make up that hour. Any feedback is MOST welcome!! Thanks!


The only blog devoted to both intellectual property law and the latest humor from the web.
The patent troll haven in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (EDTX) died suddenly today. The cause of death was a U.S. Supreme Court decision that destroyed the basis for filing patents suits anywhere in the country. Trolls had flocked to EDTX after the local judges had made the venue extremely hospitable for patent plaintiffs.
Based in Marshall, Tyler, and Texarkana, EDTX began its life as a sleepy federal court serving its rural residents. Marshall in particular was best known for its annual "Fire Ant Festival" and as the "Pottery Capitalof the World." Few if any of its farming and blue collar residents had ever invented anything, let alone heard of patents.
During the 1960's, the EDTX court became popular for asbestos litigation. By the late 1990's, much of that litigation was resolved. The large number of local plaintiff's trial lawyers who worked on the asbestos litigation needed something new to do. Fortunately, two events coincided to turn the court into the patent haven it became. First, a 1990 decision by the Federal CircuitCourt of Appeals (overruled today by the Supreme Court) made it possible to sue corporate patent defendants anywhere in the country. No longer could a defendant be sued only in its state of incorporation or principal place of business—a patent infringer could be sued anywhere its goods or services were sold. In the modern Internet era, this was literally everywhere.
Second, in 1999, local attorney T. John Ward was appointed to the EDTX bench. Judge Ward soon realized that his fellow local attorneys could profit from the 1990 appeals decision. He rewrote the local court rules to make EDTX very friendly to patent plaintiffs. Cases would rarely be disposed of by summary judgment, but would instead come to trial quickly. The rural Texas juries were made up of patriotic citizens who would defer to the government's blessing of a patent grant. Most defendants would settle rather than risk a trial, making the venue ideal for trolls trying to extort settlements for patents of dubious validity. And if a case went to trial, patent plaintiffs won more often.
Judge Ward's strategy was successful. In 1999, only 14 patent cases were filed in EDTX. By 2014, that number had grown to over 1,400 patent suits, making the EDTX the most popular district in the entire country for patent cases. In 2015, 44% of all patent suits in the country were filed in the EDTX. This was despite the fact that few technology-based companies were located in the EDTX. Local businesses boomed, especially those that served the trial industry, such as hotels and catering services. The court became so successful that it was featured in a 2015 John Oliver segment about patents. One frequent patent defendant, Samsung Electronics, was even forced to curry favor with the local populace by building an ice rink in front of the Marshall courthouse—no small feat given east Texas weather.
By 2016, Judge Rodney Gilstrap (Judge Ward's successor in the Marshall Division) had become "the busiest patent judge in the country." Judge Gilstrap presided over one quarter of the patent suits filed in the entire country.
EDTX was a particularly welcome haven to so-called "patent trolls." The term was coined in the late 1990s to describe a patent owner who didn't practice its patents, had no intention of practicing them, and whose sole business was to sue on patents to get licensing fees from companies with a real business. In many cases patent trolls hadn't even filed the patents in question, but acquired them from third parties. EDTX became the forum of choice for trolls, but trolling got so out of hand that even the State of Texas urged the Supreme Court to do something.
All that changed with today's Supreme Court decision. Now, patent defendants can only be sued where they physically reside, such as their state of incorporation, or a place they do business and actually infringe the patent. The EDTX has been eliminated as the forum of choice for patent plaintiffs, who now must file suit in a place with some connection to the alleged infringement.
EDTX is survived by numerous local trial lawyers, local businesses that had grown to service the trial industry, and patent trolls everywhere. It's unclear if memorial services will be held in Marshall, but celebrations will undoubtedly be held in Silicon Valley, California, and other technology centers.
Silicon Valley is in California.
After working for over 30 years as an intellectual property lawyer, I retired from Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati in January 2010. I'm now doing some volunteer work at the Electronic Frontier Foundation in San Francisco. Since I spend a fair amount of my day reading intellectual property blogs and humor web sites, I thought I would share the best of each of them on this blog. Views on this blog are my own.
The following are some amicus briefs I have authored or co-authored. Note that my involvement in these briefs ranges from principal author to co-author to editor.
The "IP" part of this blog's title is self-explanatory -- the abbreviation for the shorthand term "intellectual property." But what to call the humor part of the name? It turns out that the duck is the funniest animal alive. A 2002 study confirms that jokes mentioning ducks are funnier than others.
"A priest, a rabbi, and a minister walk into a bar . . . "
"A priest, a rabbi, and a duck walk into a bar . . . "
And needless to say, "Weird Al" Yankovic's "I Want a New Duck" is MUCH funnier than Huey Lewis' "I Want a New Drug."
Our repeat infringer policy is here.


You know, sometimes we have a hard time feeling our best and need a little help to keep our heart open so that we can shine as the Lightworkers we are created to be.
This simple affirmation gives me the reminder I need to see things differently to bring me to back into balance. This really helps me step out of a negative mindset where I can then feel and see the possibilities of abundance, peace and joy.
Those are the kind patterns/mindsets I would rather create. Wouldn't you?
We carry around old wounds, negative patterns, and unconscious beliefs that direct our life and most of the time don't even know where we picked that baggage up. I know for myself this is true.
Making the decision to stop living that way has had a profound effect on my happiness and has opened a life time of possibilities I didn't realize were available to me.
Self-reflection isn't always the easy route, but it's most definitely worth it. It's where we find our strengths and the power to move forward. We all live in what I call the "Divine Sphere." This is where everything we ever wanted or desired is stored just waiting for us to take hold of them. We, being children of Light are blessed with everything we could ever want but not knowing how incredible and special we are, we have not been able to reach out and grab a hold of all that is ours.
Getting into alignment with Spirit is the only way to claim what is naturally yours. Isn't it time to rewrite your story, to claim your freedom, to change your world and to begin to shift into the life you've always wanted?
Here are a couple steps I took to get back into alignment with God and start manifesting what's in my Divine Sphere.
1. I made a list of anybody or anything I need to forgive. Then start forgiving. I personally put myself on that list because I realize I have judged, condemned and hurt others and I need to set myself free from self judgement.
3. Then a list of how I feel about, money, relationships, etc.… this list may have some positives and negatives and that's ok. I put my positives on one sheet and the negatives on another and burned it. I am no longer focusing on what's wrong but rather what's right. What God says about me which is all good.
This was my start. I realized I had been focusing on the negatives or what was wrong with me far to long, and in honesty not seeing a lot of good results from that path. I also went to others for direction as long as they had a self-love, positive focus. There are so many great teachers out there, so I would suggest you go to classes, on cruises or retreats to be around like-minded groups or individuals who can contribute to seeing the good of who you are. Once this transformation begins, it's incredible the miracles and synchronicities you can create and how fast your life become what you've always dreamed of.
I am heading to Lourdes next week for my Rise Goddess Retreat where we will be putting into effect the steps I mentioned above along with the other steps that complete the process and I will share transformation of the group live on Facebook. Please join us. Besides the Divine Sphere process, we will be baptized in the Holy Spring water by the nuns, walk the foot path of Christ, eat amazing food, dance, sing and see ourselves with compassion and love, just as Spirit sees us. If you feel called to join a tribe of goddesses as we awaken to our Divine Self, we would be blessed to have you.


You can add LinkedIn company pages into your Juicer social feed.
LinkedIn has a very restrictive API, so only company pages can be added at this time (not personal or school pages). In addition, you must connect a personal LinkedIn account on your Connected Social Accounts page that is an administrator for the company page, in order to display the company posts. So, you must "own" the LinkedIn company page you want to display.
Juicer cannot display video posts from LinkedIn.
Juicer cannot link to individual posts within LinkedIn. Clicking a post will take you to the front of the LinkedIn company page.
Juicer can only obtain approximately 10 historical posts for a LinkedIn company page. We can then obtain new posts going forward.


awesome cradle deco, the swans are holding the cradle.
One of the very first ceremonies for the baby is cradle ceremony or "uyyala" in Telugu. As per our tradition we do it on 11th or 21st day checking out for auspicious time and date without Rahu Kalam or Durmuhurtam.
These days kids are put in a cradle the moment they are born in the hospitals but officially we have a little ceremony in which the elders in the family put the kid in the cradle and swing it three times.
First clean the cradle, apply turmeric and vermilion (pasupu kumkum) and decorate it with flowers or whatever and place taamboolam in the four corners of the swing, (beetle leaves, nut, 2 bananas, 1 rs/- coin with a flower), place the baby in the cradle with or without the priest chanting mantras the kid is put in and the eldest member in the family swings the cradle 3 times followed by akshintalu and blessing the kid and the rest of the family follows.. as simple as that.
It can be done at home or in a temple. People at my place do it mostly near a Nagendra Swamy Temple. I personally got it done on 21st day and preferred the temple, there was a cradle there already, got the pooja done and came home.
Some people combine this with purudu on 11th day.. Purudu is bathing the mother, giving her headbath and stuff like that. In most families, the mother and the kid are just given sponge bath until then and the actual bath happens on that particular day. However, with hygiene being the primary concern, we are allowed to bathe on day 2 itself even with the stitches on, so it just remains a ceremony these days.
Some people do it along with naming ceremony on 21st day.
First they do the naming ceremony with parents whispering the kid's name in her ears and then going for the cradle ceremony.
Place Taamboolam in four corners of the cradle, place the baby in the cradle and swing it thrice, done by all elders in the family.
After the ceremony the mother is taken to a well and do pooja to the well and the mother of the baby is made to draw 3 buckets of water the well into 3 small pots and any girl who is married and planning to have kids is asked to dip hands in water and put water hand prints.
It was in Bangalore, pic courtesy is from a friend.. her daughter's name is Swanika :).
Very good narration... Thank you!
Quick question on the calculation of the 21st day. Is the day the baby is born counted as day 1 or the next day.
For Ex. If the baby is born on Friday by next friday it will be day 8.
Please provide answer as per 1st of January when will be the 21st day Ceremony.
Hi! I've been invited to a telugu friend's cradle ceremony and being a gujarati, I've absolutely no idea what to bring there. I've got few nice baby clothes but am I supposed to bring anything like sweets and fruit as in the baby shower ceremony? I asked her but she obviously said not to bring anything. Any help will be greatly appreciated!! Thanks a lot!
Hi Anon... it is just about fine, any normal gift.. nothing in specific.
Most of our traditions came about for a reason which may not hold in current times..blindly following some procedure just for the sake of it does not make sense.


text:
The experiment then is straightforward: cut up a fresh piece of gum, randomly select from it and an equivalent dry piece of gum, and do 5 rounds of dual n-back to test attention/energy & WM. (If it turns out to be placebo, I'll immediately use the remaining active dose: no sense in wasting gum, and this will test whether nigh-daily use renders nicotine gum useless, similar to how caffeine may be useless if taken daily. If there's 3 pieces of active gum left, then I wrap it very tightly in Saran wrap which is sticky and air-tight.) The dose will be 1mg or 1/4 a gum. I cut up a dozen pieces into 4 pieces for 48 doses and set them out to dry. Per the previous power analyses, 48 groups of DNB rounds likely will be enough for detecting small-medium effects (partly since we will be only looking at one metric - average % right per 5 rounds - with no need for multiple correction). Analysis will be one-tailed, since we're looking for whether there is a clear performance improvement and hence a reason to keep using nicotine gum (rather than whether nicotine gum might be harmful).
But perhaps the biggest difference between Modafinil and other nootropics like Piracetam, according to Patel, is that Modafinil studies show more efficacy in young, healthy people, not just the elderly or those with cognitive deficits. That's why it's great for (and often prescribed to) military members who are on an intense tour, or for those who can't get enough sleep for physiological reasons. One study, by researchers at Imperial College London, and published in Annals of Surgery, even showed that Modafinil helped sleep-deprived surgeons become better at planning, redirecting their attention, and being less impulsive when making decisions.
I took 1.5mg of melatonin, and went to bed at ~1:30AM; I woke up around 6:30, took a modafinil pill/200mg, and felt pretty reasonable. By noon my mind started to feel a bit fuzzy, and lunch didn't make much of it go away. I've been looking at studies, and users seem to degrade after 30 hours; I started on mid-Thursday, so call that 10 hours, then 24 (Friday), 24 (Saturday), and 14 (Sunday), totaling 72hrs with <20hrs sleep; this might be equivalent to 52hrs with no sleep, and Wikipedia writes:
Table 5 lists the results of 16 tasks from 13 articles on the effects of d-AMP or MPH on cognitive control. One of the simplest tasks used to study cognitive control is the go/no-go task. Subjects are instructed to press a button as quickly as possible for one stimulus or class of stimuli (go) and to refrain from pressing for another stimulus or class of stimuli (no go). De Wit et al. (2002) used a version of this task to measure the effects of d-AMP on subjects' ability to inhibit a response and found enhancement in the form of decreased false alarms (responses to no-go stimuli) and increased speed of correct go responses. They also found that subjects who made the most errors on placebo experienced the greatest enhancement from the drug.
He used to get his edge from Adderall, but after moving from New Jersey to San Francisco, he says, he couldn't find a doctor who would write him a prescription. Driven to the Internet, he discovered a world of cognition-enhancing drugs known as nootropics — some prescription, some over-the-counter, others available on a worldwide gray market of private sellers — said to improve memory, attention, creativity and motivation.
Many over the counter and prescription smart drugs fall under the category of stimulants. These substances contribute to an overall feeling of enhanced alertness and attention, which can improve concentration, focus, and learning. While these substances are often considered safe in moderation, taking too much can cause side effects such as decreased cognition, irregular heartbeat, and cardiovascular problems.
Nootropics are a specific group of smart drugs. But nootropics aren't the only drugs out there that promise you some extra productivity. More students and office workers are using drugs to increase their productivity than ever before [79]. But unlike with nootropics, many have side-effects. And that is precisely what is different between nootropics and other enhancing drugs, nootropics have little to no negative side-effects.
Many people prefer the privacy and convenience of ordering brain boosting supplements online and having them delivered right to the front door. At Smart Pill Guide, we have made the process easier, so you can place your order directly through our website with your major credit card or PayPal. Our website is secure, so your personal information is protected and all orders are completely confidential.
"As a physical therapist with 30+ years of experience in treating neurological disorders such as traumatic brain injury, I simply could not believe it when Cavin told me the extent of his injuries. His story opened a new door to my awareness of the incredible benefits of proper nutrition, the power of attitude and community to heal anything we have arise in our lives Cavin is an inspiration and a true way-shower for anyone looking to invest in their health and well-being. No matter the state your brain is in, you will benefit from this cutting-edge information and be very glad (and entertained) that you read this fine work."
It looks like the overall picture is that nicotine is absorbed well in the intestines and the colon, but not so well in the stomach; this might be the explanation for the lack of effect, except on the other hand, the specific estimates I see are that 10-20% of the nicotine will be bioavailable in the stomach (as compared to 50%+ for mouth or lungs)… so any of my doses of >5ml should have overcome the poorer bioavailability! But on the gripping hand, these papers are mentioning something about the liver metabolizing nicotine when absorbed through the stomach, so…
"Cavin's enthusiasm and drive to help those who need it is unparalleled! He delivers the information in an easy to read manner, no PhD required from the reader. 🙂 Having lived through such trauma himself he has real empathy for other survivors and it shows in the writing. This is a great read for anyone who wants to increase the health of their brain, injury or otherwise! Read it!!!"
Finally, a workforce high on stimulants wouldn't necessarily be more productive overall. "One thinks 'are these things dangerous?' – and that's important to consider in the short term," says Huberman. "But there's also a different question, which is: 'How do you feel the day afterwards?' Maybe you're hyper-focused for four hours, 12 hours, but then you're below baseline for 24 or 48."
At small effects like d=0.07, a nontrivial chance of negative effects, and an unknown level of placebo effects (this was non-blinded, which could account for any residual effects), this strongly implies that LLLT is not doing anything for me worth bothering with. I was pretty skeptical of LLLT in the first place, and if 167 days can't turn up anything noticeable, I don't think I'll be continuing with LLLT usage and will be giving away my LED set. (Should any experimental studies of LLLT for cognitive enhancement in healthy people surface with large quantitative effects - as opposed to a handful of qualitative case studies about brain-damaged people - and I decide to give LLLT another try, I can always just buy another set of LEDs: it's only ~$15, after all.)
If this is the case, this suggests some thoughtfulness about my use of nicotine: there are times when use of nicotine will not be helpful, but times where it will be helpful. I don't know what makes the difference, but I can guess it relates to over-stimulation: on some nights during the experiment, I had difficult concentrating on n-backing because it was boring and I was thinking about the other things I was interested in or working on - in retrospect, I wonder if those instances were nicotine nights.
With the right lifestyle and the right stack of supplements and nootropics, you can enjoy enhanced mental clarity, easier flow, and better vision. The best nootropics for your needs will depend on how much you want to spend, how often you want to take them, and what you want to take them for. Nutritional supplements should be taken daily, for the cumulative effect, but Smart drugs such as noopept and modafinil are usually taken on an as-needed basis, for those times when you are aiming for hyperfocus, better clarity, and better recall, or the ability to process a huge amount of incoming visual information quickly and accurately and to pick up on details that you might otherwise miss.
Specifically, the film is completely unintelligible if you had not read the book. The best I can say for it is that it delivers the action and events one expects in the right order and with basic competence, but its artistic merits are few. It seems generally devoid of the imagination and visual flights of fancy that animated movies 1 and 3 especially (although Mike Darwin disagrees), copping out on standard imagery like a Star Wars-style force field over Hogwarts Castle, or luminescent white fog when Harry was dead and in his head; I was deeply disappointed to not see any sights that struck me as novel and new. (For example, the aforementioned dead scene could have been done in so many interesting ways, like why not show Harry & Dumbledore in a bustling King's Cross shot in bright sharp detail, but with not a single person in sight and all the luggage and equipment animatedly moving purposefully on their own?) The ending in particular boggles me. I actually turned to the person next to me and asked them whether that really was the climax and Voldemort was dead, his death was so little dwelt upon or laden with significance (despite a musical score that beat you over the head about everything else). In the book, I remember it feeling like a climactic scene, with everyone watching and little speeches explaining why Voldemort was about to be defeated, and a suitable victory celebration; I read in the paper the next day a quote from the director or screenwriter who said one scene was cut because Voldemort would not talk but simply try to efficiently kill Harry. (This is presumably the explanation for the incredible anti-climax. Hopefully.) I was dumbfounded by the depths of dishonesty or delusion or disregard: Voldemort not only does that in Deathly Hallows multiple times, he does it every time he deals with Harry, exactly as the classic villains (he is numbered among) always do! How was it possible for this man to read the books many times, as he must have, and still say such a thing?↩
Maj. Jamie Schwandt, USAR, is a logistics officer and has served as an operations officer, planner and commander. He is certified as a Department of the Army Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt, certified Red Team Member, and holds a doctorate from Kansas State University. This article represents his own personal views, which are not necessarily those of the Department of the Army.
Accordingly, we searched the literature for studies in which MPH or d-AMP was administered orally to nonelderly adults in a placebo-controlled design. Some of the studies compared the effects of multiple drugs, in which case we report only the results of stimulant–placebo comparisons; some of the studies compared the effects of stimulants on a patient group and on normal control subjects, in which case we report only the results for control subjects. The studies varied in many other ways, including the types of tasks used, the specific drug used, the way in which dosage was determined (fixed dose or weight-dependent dose), sample size, and subject characteristics (e.g., age, college sample or not, gender). Our approach to the classic splitting versus lumping dilemma has been to take a moderate lumping approach. We group studies according to the general type of cognitive process studied and, within that grouping, the type of task. The drug and dose are reported, as well as sample characteristics, but in the absence of pronounced effects of these factors, we do not attempt to make generalizations about them.
Noopept is a nootropic that belongs to the ampakine family. It is known for promoting learning, boosting mood, and improving logical thinking. It has been popular as a study drug for a long time but has recently become a popular supplement for improving vision. Users report seeing colors more brightly and feeling as if their vision is more vivid after taking noopept.
Neuroprime – Mind Nutrition's offering to the nootropic industry. Mind Nutrition is one of the most interesting nootropics we've found on the industry. It brings a formula that is their solution for the market, as a fundamental combination of vitamins and nootropics, or at least they call it. Neuroprime brings that to the table, as well as the fact that Neuroprime is also one of the most transparent companies that we've seen. Their online site is detailed, yet clean, without making any outrageous claims or statements. However, we here at Top10BrainPills.com… Learn More...
Stimulants are the smart drugs most familiar to people, starting with widely-used psychostimulants caffeine and nicotine, and the more ill-reputed subclass of amphetamines. Stimulant drugs generally function as smart drugs in the sense that they promote general wakefulness and put the brain and body "on alert" in a ready-to-go state. Basically, any drug whose effects reduce drowsiness will increase the functional IQ, so long as the user isn't so over-stimulated they're shaking or driven to distraction.
If stimulants truly enhance cognition but do so to only a small degree, this raises the question of whether small effects are of practical use in the real world. Under some circumstances, the answer would undoubtedly be yes. Success in academic and occupational competitions often hinges on the difference between being at the top or merely near the top. A scholarship or a promotion that can go to only one person will not benefit the runner-up at all. Hence, even a small edge in the competition can be important.
Cost-wise, the gum itself (~$5) is an irrelevant sunk cost and the DNB something I ought to be doing anyway. If the results are negative (which I'll define as d<0.2), I may well drop nicotine entirely since I have no reason to expect other forms (patches) or higher doses (2mg+) to create new benefits. This would save me an annual expense of ~$40 with a net present value of <820 ($); even if we count the time-value of the 20 minutes for the 5 DNB rounds over 48 days (0.2 \times 48 \times 7.25 = 70), it's still a clear profit to run a convincing experiment.
Compared with those reporting no use, subjects drinking >4 cups/day of decaffeinated coffee were at increased risk of RA [rheumatoid arthritis] (RR 2.58, 95% CI 1.63-4.06). In contrast, women consuming >3 cups/day of tea displayed a decreased risk of RA (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.97) compared with women who never drank tea. Caffeinated coffee and daily caffeine intake were not associated with the development of RA.
It is often associated with Ritalin and Adderall because they are all CNS stimulants and are prescribed for the treatment of similar brain-related conditions. In the past, ADHD patients reported prolonged attention while studying upon Dexedrine consumption, which is why this smart pill is further studied for its concentration and motivation-boosting properties.
As professionals and aging baby boomers alike become more interested in enhancing their own brain power (either to achieve more in a workday or to stave off cognitive decline), a huge market has sprung up for nonprescription nootropic supplements. These products don't convince Sahakian: "As a clinician scientist, I am interested in evidence-based cognitive enhancement," she says. "Many companies produce supplements, but few, if any, have double-blind, placebo-controlled studies to show that these supplements are cognitive enhancers." Plus, supplements aren't regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), so consumers don't have that assurance as to exactly what they are getting. Check out these 15 memory exercises proven to keep your brain sharp.
Of all the smart drugs in the world, Modafinil is most often touted as the best. It's a powerful cognitive enhancer, great for boosting alertness, and has very few, mild side effects that most healthy users will never experience. And no, you can't have any. Sorry. Modafinil is a prescription medication used to treat disorders like narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and for those who suffer from obstructive sleep apnea.
Today piracetam is a favourite with students and young professionals looking for a way to boost their performance, though decades after Giurgea's discovery, there still isn't much evidence that it can improve the mental abilities of healthy people. It's a prescription drug in the UK, though it's not approved for medical use by the US Food and Drug Administration and can't be sold as a dietary supplement either.
The use of cognition-enhancing drugs by healthy individuals in the absence of a medical indication spans numerous controversial issues, including the ethics and fairness of their use, concerns over adverse effects, and the diversion of prescription drugs for nonmedical uses, among others.[1][2] Nonetheless, the international sales of cognition-enhancing supplements exceeded US$1 billion in 2015 when global demand for these compounds grew.[3]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Amazon is beginning to build its own trucking fleet just in time for Christmas. The online retailer has purchased several thousand truck trailers and will drive cargo between different Amazon warehouses and shipment centers, reports Re/code.
Amazon just purchased the trailers that are pulled by a tractor in a standard tractor-trailer; the truck rollouts are nationwide and will rely on using the retailer's partners to actually truck the trailers from warehouse to warehouse, explains Re/code's Jason Del Rey.
The major acquisition takes place as UPS, FedEx, the USPS, and other shipping companies are expecting an especially busy holiday shipping season as more consumers shift from buying gifts at brick-and-mortar stores to shopping online.
Amazon, especially, has been aggressively looking for ways to expand its distribution and logistics platform over the past year. Apart from the company's plan to use drones to deliver packages, they are also experimenting with Instacart-style home delivery by part-time contractors. At the moment, there are no plans for Amazon to purchase its own tractors as well, though it's not hard to imagine in the near future.


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Azhar Ali's future as Test captain uncertain after tour Down Under
KARACHI: Pakistan's Test captain Azhar Ali will be under pressure, with regards to his future as the side's skipper, heading into the upcoming two-match Test series against Sri Lanka on home soil. According to details, the top-order batsman needs to bring his A game to the fore as Pakistan gear up to take on the Islanders after the embarrassing Test series sweep at the hands of Australia Down Under – where the visitors lost both matches by an innings. Azhar took over the Pakistan Test side, replacing former captain and wicketkeeper-batsman Sarfaraz Ahmed, soon after MisbahulHaq was appointed as the team's head coach-cum-chief selector. The right-hander's personal performance, with the bat, has also not been satisfactory over the past two years, with an average of only 25. He also failed to impress during the recently concluded Australia Tests, accumulating just 62 runs in four innings.
Shikhar Dhawan injured his shoulder during the third ODI
India opener Shikhar Dhawan has been ruled out of the upcoming five-T20I series in New Zealand because of the shoulder injury he picked up during the ...
Djokovic advances to second round at Australian Open
World No.2 in men's singles, Novak Djokovic eliminated his German opponent Jan-Lennard Struff with 3-1. In men's singles, Djokovic won the sets of 7-6 ...
Sachin Tendulkar will be involved in the bushfire relief match in Australia
Sachin Tendulkar and Courtney Walsh will coach the Ricky Ponting and Shane Warne teams respectively in the Bushfire Cricket Bash on February 8.The bus ...
Marnus Labuschagne and Steven Smith run between the wickets
The majority of the Australia one-day squad will return to Big Bash action over the next few days for the backend of the regular season and then the f ...
2nd Chairman Wapda Amateur Golf
LAHORE - The 2nd Chairman Wapda Amateur Golf Tournament will commence from January 23 he ...
National Ranking Tennis started
ISLAMABAD - The 5th Serena Hotels National Ranking Tennis Tournament 2020 got underway here at Senator ...
Misbah-ul-Haq


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How do we ensure such assessment is meaningful? We propose that the notion of dialogic learning offers a useful approach to provide evidence of teachers' intellectual work as well as simultaneously supporting their learning. Dialogic learning can be summarised as the systematic use of talk to "engage, […] stimulate and extend thinking […] [and] advance learning and understanding" (Alexander 2004: 37).


From burglaries to fires to trees slipping on the house, how to take care of 5 prevalent family nightmares.
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The Women for Florida State University is proud to celebrate its 10-year anniversary in the 2018-2019 academic year.
With a new year comes new opportunity to reflect and recommit to W4FSU's vision. We are in the midst of celebrating our diamond anniversary, and I'm amazed by all of the women who have connected through ten years' worth of programming and service.
I am in awe of each chair and committee member who work tirelessly to develop comprehensive programming, steward our new members, execute effective and meaningful communication and so much more. As always, if you would like to participate in a leadership role, please reach out to any committee chair or contact me directly.
There is much to look forward to in the coming months. You should have received your invitation to the tenth-annual Backstage Pass, including a once-in-a-decade opportunity to celebrate during Friday night's anniversary gala. During this year's event, we will ask attendees to collectively "be the match" in support of FSU's Great Give.
Stay tuned for news about our fourth-annual Women of Distinction Inspire Awards, in partnership with the FSU Alumni Association and the Orlando Seminole Club, in Orlando.
I could not be more optimistic about the next decade as your dedication and vision lead the way.
This year marks the 50th anniversary of women's intercollegiate athletics, and it has given us the opportunity to reflect on our past and hopes for the future for women's sports and collegiate women in general.
The 2018 Women's Leadership Institute took place November 2–4 at Florida State University.
The Women for FSU Executive Board convene annually for an in-depth strategic planning session with the intention of sustaining and strengthening the organization.
The W4FSU Program Planning Committee, chaired by Sarah Coakley, has been hard at work planning our next Backstage Pass to the Very Best of Florida State on February 22 and 23.


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Beyond the Realms of Musical Composition: Historical Examples of Music Being Used as a Political Instrument
October 14, 2022 October 11, 2022 by Motley Magazine Share this
Ronan Keohane discusses examples in which music has been used for political ideological purposes and alludes to possible contemporary examples. Ever since the invention of the music telegraph in the 1890's by Guglielmo Marconi, which helped facilitate the recording and broadcasting of music throughout the world at large, music has been an instrument used […]
So Much Is In a Name: Tim Chadwick on Identity and Self-Love in his New EP Timothy
March 4, 2021 February 27, 2021 by Motley Magazine Share this
Just ahead of his EP release, Alana Daly Mulligan talks with Tim Chadwick on his ever-evolving sound, soul-exposés, and role as Ireland's first self-love musical icon. In January 2019 under the flickering fluorescent lamps of Crane Lane, during a time when live events were tangible realities and not just cigarette smoke-infused memories, I met […]
Current Affairs Featured
Hope in Dark Times: Tadhg Williams announces 'The Hope Song'
February 24, 2021 March 2, 2021 by Motley Magazine Share this
Alana Daly Mulligan gets chatting with singer-songwriter and fellow Déisí Tadhg Williams about his upcoming release 'The Hope Song'. Waterford singer-songwriter Tadhg Williams has had quite the year, pandemic aside. Enjoying the support of Hot Press and RTÉ Radio 1 for the release of his debut single 'My Father's Clouds', coupled with the release […]
Articles Entertainment
"No ranch to roam inside my room" : CMAT chats with Motley
This interview contains so much swearing that the AI transcriber cited the word "fucking" as the main supporting point – be warned. Alana Daly Mulligan talks music style and substance with self-proclaimed "global superstar", and recognised legend CMAT. As CMAT prepared to swan through the musical saloon doors in March last year, the pandemic […]
Music in the Time of COVID: An Interview with JJ Lee
December 13, 2020 December 6, 2020 by Motley Magazine Share this
Deputy Editor-in-Chief, Molly Kavanagh, talks to Cork-based musician and producer, JJ Lee, about the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the live music and entertainment industry. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to worsen, with no identifiable end in sight, many of us have been forced to place our lives and careers on hold as we […]
Dead Space: Brutal & Bloody Brilliance
December 10, 2020 November 22, 2020 by Motley Magazine Share this
I have always wondered what it is about horror games that keep making me come back to their glorious offerings. Is it the brutal guts and gore that is present in many of the games? Or is it the tense, creepy atmosphere that can render one frozen in an unforgiving grasp? That question was answered […]


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¡ No todas las noticias están disponibles en español !
Kongsberg Maritime, Bureau Veritas (BV) and offshore service provider BOURBON have announced the successful testing of a new solution for DP (Dynamic Positioning) system performance and redundancy audits – a first in the maritime industry.
The oil & gas industry contractor SAIPEM, recently commissioned Kongsberg Maritime to deliver a tailored DP emergency scenario training course for its employees, at the Kongsberg Maritime training centre in Kongsberg, Norway.
Kongsberg Underwater Technology, Inc. announces that their newest multibeam echo sounder, the EM 124, installed aboard the DSSV Pressure Drop, played a key role in the deepest solo human submersible dive in the Atlantic led by the Five Deeps Expedition team. Victor Vescovo, in his private submersible, reached the bottom of the Puerto Rico Trench, a depth of 8,376 meters.
The annual dynamic positioning award is given to the developer of an innovative DP product or system, or contractor responsible for an especially innovative application of DP on a project.
The new HUGIN SUPERIOR AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) System introduces significantly enhanced data, positioning and endurance capabilities that together will stimulate a positive step-change in subsea survey operations for commercial, government, and naval users.
Aquatica Submarines leads a historic expedition alongside KONGSBERG to map the mysteries of Belize's Blue Hole with special guests Sir Richard Branson and Fabien Cousteau.


People are at the heart of our business.
We source some of the world's best teas and coffees from over 1 million farmers and workers in 24 countries.
We rely on building great relationships with our suppliers and the resilience of our supply chain to ensure we can continue to blend outstanding tea and coffee at our home here in Yorkshire. Our approach to sourcing is based on collaboration – we work in close partnership with our suppliers to build contracts, improve quality and find solutions to the challenges that impact the people we buy from.
Through investing in these relationships and paying a fair price we can help the communities we work with to thrive.
Tea and coffee growing regions are increasingly affected by unpredictable weather conditions from droughts to flash flooding, so supporting projects that can improve agricultural practices and help farmers adapt to climate change is really important to us.
We have helped to drive climate-smart coffee farming in Africa and we've been planting and protecting trees in the countries we buy from since 1990. Right now we're working to plant one million trees in Kenya as part of our commitment to develop a carbon neutral supply chain by 2020.
Just as we work in partnership with our suppliers to tackle social and environmental issues, we know that we can only have a lasting impact on improving lives and landscapes in the tea and coffee industry by joining forces with like-minded organisations.
All of the coffee we buy comes from independently certified farms and co-operatives (Rainforest Alliance, UTZ or Fairtrade) and we are founding members of the Ethical Tea Partnership, who are working to improve the lives of tea workers and the sustainability of tea production.
We're proud to have been awarded a Queen's Award for Sustainable Development which recognises our commitment to creating a resilient supply chain.
We've outlined our commitment to ethical trading here, and you can discover some of the projects we support here.


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9 letters in word "zedoaries": A D E E I O R S Z.
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This is England '86
The follow up to This Is England is set to launch on Channel 4 on September 7. A welcome change from the reality hell that TV has become.
Sam Rowe
Shane Meadows hit it bang on the head this Wednesday when he announced "UK telly's gone to shit", met by rapturous applause at London's BFI – and the man has got a point. With the catalogue of dross put on our screens each and every night, you do wonder where we went wrong as a nation.
Thank the lord then that Shane has come to save our souls from the sheer filth scolding our eyes. No more 'WAGS in Sweatshops' or 'The Boy With an Arse For An Elbow', as Meadows is the embodiment of British directing talent. After giving us some classic cinema, the four part drama This is England '86 is set to give your poor, poor telly the shot of adrenaline it so badly craves.
The curtain raises on the show in the summer of 1986, three years after the original 'This is England' film finished. There are three million people in the dole queue, the England football team are waiting for Maradona to break their hearts in Mexico, and Shaun (Thomas Turgoose) – the now not so little ginger lad from the film – is finishing school. Shaun is a loner again after the ferocious actions of Combo (Stephen Graham) saw his friendship with Woody (Joe Gilgun), Lol (Vicky McClure) and the rest of his former pals torn apart in the film's spine-tingling finale.
Just like the movie, every last detail has come under the microscope to produce an authentic yet original vibe for this series, with everything from the clothes to the gravity defying barnets are spot on, as well as the best soundtrack you'll hear all year.
But this is nothing new for Meadows, who after Ken Loach pretty much writes the book on seminal British cinema – A Room For Romeo Brass, Dead Man's Shoes and of course This is England – all the brainchild of his own bleak experiences growing up, transformed into heart-wrenching mastery on the big screen.
As well as the original cast, Meadows has picked up some superb young talent on the production side in the shape of director Tom Harper (Misfits) and writer Jack Thorne (Skins, Shameless). This proves that though Shane may be the gritty realism king on the big screen, he's not too proud to learn a thing or two on the small one from two up-and-comers that have put the 'cult' back into 'youth culture' on TV.
"No more 'WAGS in Sweatshops' or 'The Boy With an Arse For An Elbow', Meadows is the embodiment of British directing talent."
Whether or not you were around in the mid 80s, you can relate to each character and the situations they've been thrust into, especially when you consider the scene of recession, widespread unemployment, a crestfallen footballing nation - all under a Tory umbrella, sound familiar?
It's not all doom and gloom mind, the first episode alone flits between the slapstick and the shit-scary within seconds, you'll laugh hysterically one minute before being completely moved the next – I'm not ashamed to say a rather sizeable lump appeared in my throat at the most touching moments. But this is merely a measure of the man Meadows.
'But why telly?' you may ask, 'why not make another film?' Well you're not alone, many have questioned Meadows' motives for ditching the silver screen, with a great deal of snobbery attached to making anything for TV these days. But without putting words in his mouth, Shane's simple response should be, to quote Kanye West 'LET ME BE GREAT!'
Yes, Shane could've got a hefty budget to make This is England 2,enough to even rope in an expensive little shite like Justin Bieber to play Shaun and Colin Farrell as the 'orrible bastard Combo. But any Shane Meadows fan will tell you that he thrives on unknown casts, unglamorous locations and shoestring budgets, then still creating the most profound pieces you'll see from a British director.
I'll admit it though, I too feared that a television series could be a marker for mediocrity, but I, as will the naysayers, ate my words with glee when I saw what's in store. In fact, the series offers much more to the punters than if it was at the cinema, not just because Meadows is able to delve far deeper into the psyche of the key characters, unearthing all manner of home truths and dark secrets, but also in the fact that instead of one movie, the four episodes equate to two feature films. Bargain! (Who said the licence fee was a rip off?)
It's been a long old time since something on the box has been 'unmissable' – unless you count Phil Mitchell on crack, purely for the comedy value – but This is England '86 will blast away the cobwebs and, if only temporarily, make the 80s look fucking cool again, let's just cross our fingers he fancies another go in a couple of years… This is England '88 anyone?
Telly's gone to shit? Enter Shane Meadows.
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Evaluation of Psychiatric Detention Criteria without Face-to-face Patient Interview is a Violation of Human Rights
"Evaluation of Psychiatric Detention Criteria without Face-to-face Patient Interview is a Violation of Human Rights,"Says NHRCK
-Patients should be given an opportunity to state their opinions and respond to questions about involuntary admission in a face-to-face interview-
The National Human Rights Commission of Korea (Chairperson Young-ae Choi) concludes that it is a violation of personal liberty, which is protected under Article 12 of the Constitution, if a psychiatric hospital fails to conduct a face-to-face interview requested by a patient who was involuntarily admitted to the hospital in the assessment of their detention criteria even if it has obtained a written statement from the patient. It recommended the respondent institution interview patients face-to-face upon their request, enhance the guidelines for psychiatric detention assessment and provide training for researchers.
As involuntary admission by legal guardians defined in Article 24 Paragraph 1 of the former Mental Health Act was ruled unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court in September 2016, psychiatric detention assessment, along with the requirement for the secondary diagnosis by psychiatrists from a different institution, has been introduced as part of a stricter hospitalization process under the Mental Health Promotion and Welfare Act. The psychiatric detention review board, an independent institution, makes a decision as to the suitability of detention and extension of inpatient stays by conducting a review of hospital admission reports and supporting documents and a face-to-face patient interview within one month of the initial admission. Once a decision is made to extend the period of hospitalization, the patient is required to remain in hospital until the next assessment.
The complainant was hospitalized involuntarily into the respondent institution by a legal guardian from November 6 2019 through January 2 2020. During the period of hospitalization, the complainant was notified by the hospital administrator of the results of the psychiatric detention assessment that order the patient to stay in hospital for an additional period of time. The complainant filed a petition with the Commission over the validity of such decision, claiming that no face-to-face interview has been conducted to lead to the decision.
It has been confirmed that the complainant applied for a face-to-face interview for the evaluation of the detention criteria. An researcher actually visited for an interview on November 15 2019, but was unable to conduct one as the complainant, who had been in an agitated and unstable state, was given sedatives in an isolated room. The research was resumed on November 28 2019 through attempts to call family members, request and review of written statements from the complainant and phone calls with hospital staff and the police officer who responded to an initial call for help and the decision to extend hospitalization was notified to the complainant.
In light of the fact that the psychiatric detention assessment system was introduced to determine the legality and fairness of involuntary hospitalization by a legal guardian (Article 24 Paragraph 1 of the former Mental Health Act, ruled unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court), the NHRCK Committee on Remedies for Discrimination notes that a face-to-face interview is a procedural right given to physically restrained patients to answer questions and state their opinions regarding involuntary hospitalization and that the review board should have made every possible effort to guarantee patients' right to have a face-to-face interview.
It may have been difficult to have an interview with the complainant who had been given sedatives, but the researcher should have made an additional attempt to meet the patient in person during the review period. The research continued with a written statement from the patient and phone interviews with other persons concerned. However, the complainant was not in a constant state of being unable to have an interview. Moreover, the written statement, prepared by a hospital staff member during the period of inpatient care, is deemed insufficient to convey the opinion of the patient and cannot replace the face-to-face interview where the patient can directly communicate their views to the researcher.
The Committee on Remedies for Discrimination further recommends that a patient who was involuntarily admitted to a psychiatric hospital be allowed to be present and state their views at the meeting of the review board to ensure the effectiveness of the psychiatric detention review board as a practical screening mechanism.
NHRCK Highlights the Urgency of Ref ...
Fundamental Paradigm Shift Is a Pre ...


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US may start air operation against IS militants in Philippines
Latest, News
Sputnik News Service
NATO policies are a long-time global security threat
Washington may launch a military operation that would allow the US military to conduct airstrikes against the Islamic State (IS, banned in Russia) positions in the Philippines, media reported, citing two defense officials.
According to the NBC broadcaster's Monday report, the plan to start the operation, which is currently being considered by the US Department of Defense, may be announced later in the day.
The broadcaster also noted that the airstrikes are likely to be carried out by drones.
In the event the plan is approved, US servicemen will be authorized to attack militants who threaten US allies in the region, which include the Philippine Armed Forces that fight the IS threat on the ground.
The broadcaster cited Pentagon spokesman Capt. Jeff Davis as saying that Washington and Manila has been sharing intelligence for quite some time, and that the Philippines has for 15 years been hosting US servicemen who support the state in its counterterrorism efforts.
Latest, Video
Russia, US, Israel meeting aims to break deadlock in Syria and Iran ahead of G20 (Video)
In late July, the United States supplied the Philippines with two new Cessna 208B Grand Caravan intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft, 1,040 rocket motors and 992 rockets to fight against terror. In addition, Manila is expected to receive 250 rocket-propelled grenade launchers from Washington.
On May 25, Filipino President Rodrigo Duterte declared martial law on the southern island of Mindanao, which is often subjected to attacks by IS-linked terror groups. Marawi has remained the primary hotspot ever since the Maute group attempted to storm the city.
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Codetermination: A way to rebalance the economy?
Codetermination is one of the most interesting ideas you've never heard of.
Scotty Hendricks
Codetermination is the name for corporate governance systems that place workers on the executive board.
It is very popular in Europe but has long lost its popularity in the United States.
It offers a variety of benefits, but it would change many aspects of the American economy.
We are living in an age where the questioning of major institutions occurs regularly. Large numbers of Americans support changing to a new economic system, and even many who recommend keeping capitalism think it needs a bit of an overhaul.
One idea, common in Europe but less so in America, that does the latter is called codetermination and maintains capitalism and the private ownership of property while giving workers a say in how their workplaces are managed. We'll look at what it is, how it works, and the proposal to bring it to America.
What is codetermination?
Codetermination can be broadly defined as workers' participation in decision-making in business affairs. This can take many forms, from workers' councils that offer advice on how to improve productivity in exchange for bonuses to having workers' representatives on executive boards. The basic idea is to give workers a way to protect their interests and help advance the organization in a formalized way. It has the added benefit of treating workers as people rather than as objects for productivity.
How does it work in the places that have it?
Codetermination is much more common in Europe than in the United States. Of the European countries, Germany is far and away the most invested in the concept. In Germany, all companies over a certain size are required to have some kind of it, with worker and union representatives occupying anywhere from a third to half of the boards of some major firms.
Most Western European companies have two boards, one that manages the day to day affairs of the company and one that supervises them. In the European firms with codetermination, employee representatives are placed on the supervisory board. They vote, deliberate, and otherwise help to run the company in the same way as any other board member but with a different set of values than mere profit.
Other countries in Europe also have codetermination, though we won't look into them here. The Germans also have workers councils that introduce an element of democracy to the shop floor in addition to the boardroom that is also worth digging into.
In the United States, a different kind of codetermination was common during parts of the 20th century. The Scanlon plan, a type of codetermination, was designed in the United States and was widely adopted in many industries. Based on the idea that workers did better when they were participating, the plan creates committees of workers and management that propose solutions to problems and develop ideas to improve productivity. In many cases, improved productivity translates into bonuses.
The plan was designed for failing enterprises but was later adopted by successful ones when they realized its advantages. During WWII, many companies adopted this system as a way to improve both productivity and morale. Interest in this program tanked after the war ended, and today the idea is entirely foreign to most Americans.
What effect does this have?
Studies have shown that codetermined businesses operate with long-term thinking rather than pursuing short-term profit and see improvements to their productivity. Another study found that codetermination can keep income inequality low across an entire country, presumably by keeping executive pay at reasonable levels and putting that money either in the hands of workers or back into the company. Countries with more codetermination also see fewer strikes.
Another study that cast doubt on the productivity benefits did find the system increased the bargaining power of the workers.
It also isn't too horrible for the economy overall to have large firms run this way, given how the German economy is one of the best in Europe. Over the last few decades, their economy has grown a tiny bit faster than America's. Fears that codetermination would turn Germany into Tito's Yugoslavia as the 20th century came to a close have proven laughably inaccurate.
All of the famous Teutonic companies you've heard of have workers on the board of directors. All things considered, they do pretty well. This is in part because there is a culture of pragmatism on these boards. Just because the workers have voting rights doesn't mean that they immediately run the company into the ground; it seems like the people who work at a place understand how to run it.
Elizabeth Warren's plan to bring it to America
As part of her marvelously wonky campaign for president, Elizabeth Warren has introduced a plan to bring Germanic codetermination to the United States in a big way.
Her plan for codetermination is part of her larger Accountable Capitalism Act bill. The portion that focuses on worker participation is ambitious. Her plan would require some corporations, a few thousand of the largest firms in the country, to allow workers to elect a full 40% of the membership of their executive boards.
The idea is popular, with a majority of voters in every single congressional district supporting more codetermination in American business.
The plan also would require corporations to consider other interest groups than just their shareholders in decision-making, regulate the sale of stocks earned as executive payment more tightly, require near consensus on corporate boards before they could make donations to political organizations, and make the largest corporations seek federal charters rather than state ones.
What might it look like if we had it here?
Codetermination in the United States would have a variety of effects.
As mentioned above, codetermination at even a few of the largest firms would likely improve the condition of American workers a great deal given the decline in their bargaining power over the last few decades. Even if this is the only benefit to workers to be expected, which is a dubious stance, we would expect some increases in pay as a result of this plan. The other mentioned factors can also be expected to increase employee pay.
We might also expect codetermined companies to be less inclined to ship jobs overseas or layoff workers to raise profits as those very workers would have a say on the executive board, a point that has been raised in studies on the subject.
There would also be a variety of effects relating to the sudden inclusion of a new interest group in the C-suites. Rather than just focusing on the needs of shareholders, large corporations would also have to include their worker's interests in decision-making. This could not only change the choices they make, but alter the way our economic decision-makers think of workers, stockholders, managers, and how they can and should interact with each other.
On the other hand, the changes would likely cause the stock market to fall a bit as stock values returned to the actual values of companies for a number of reasons.
This wouldn't be a problem for most people since 80 percent of the stock market is owned by a mere 10 percent of Americans. It will, however, still be a bit of a shock. One estimate suggests the fall would be as much as a 25 percent drop, although that estimate assumed the adoption of a plan much more extensive than Elizabeth Warren's, more like the current German system, and should be considered just outside the scope of probability.
Discussions about how the economy should be structured are taking place ever more frequently and are increasingly focusing on ideas that have long been on the fringes of American thought. Codetermination may soon return to the American workplace as a way to help alleviate our economic concerns. While it isn't a silver bullet that cures all societal aliments by any means, it could prove an effective method to rebalance the economic scales.
Workers don't have much say in corporations. Why not give them ... ›
Codetermination in Germany – a role model for the UK and the US ... ›
Co-determination - Wikipedia ›
economics europe united states politics business capitalism workplace democracy industrial democracy codetermination economic democracy democracy democracy at work
Charles Koch Foundation
Former president of the ACLU Nadine Strossen discusses whether our society should always defend free speech rights, even for groups who would oppose such rights.
Nadine Strossen
Former ACLU president Nadine Strossen understands that protecting free speech rights isn't always a straightforward proposition.
In this video, Strossen describes the reasoning behind why the ACLU defended the free speech rights of neo-Nazis in Skokie, Illinois, 1977.
The opinions expressed in this video do not necessarily reflect the views of the Charles Koch Foundation, which encourages the expression of diverse viewpoints within a culture of civil discourse and mutual respect.
politics debate activism speech society language law
A new paradigm for machine vision has just been demonstrated.
Robby Berman
Image source: aleknext/Shutterstock
Scientists have invented a way for a sheet of glass to perform neural computing.
The glass uses light patterns to identify images without a computer or power.
It's image recognition at the speed of light.

Image source: Zongfu Yu

The system leverages the manner in which light bends, and the differences in the light reflected off of different shapes.

The scientists began by identifying the ways in which light aimed at specific shapes would bounce into and travel through their sheet of glass. (For their demonstration, they used numerical digits written on paper.) When light matches a particular shape's profile, carefully placed air bubbles and light-absorbing materials such as graphene redirect it to, and thus light up, an identifier on the far side of the glass.

To put the results of their proof-of-concept demo another way: By matching a digit's light to a known pattern, the glass intelligently identified the digit and directed it to the correct identifier. It was even smart enough to detect and correctly identify, in real time, a handwritten "3" being turned into an "8." Paper co-author Erfan Khoram marvels, "The fact that we were able to get this complex behavior with such a simple structure was really something."

That this identification occurs, after all, at the speed of light makes it a truly compelling advance. "The wave dynamics of light propagation provide a new way to perform analog artificial neural computing," says Yu.

Could this be useful? Oh, yes.

One obvious application could be image-recognition glass on the face of phones. The hardware and software currently required for facial recognition is expensive to manufacture, and it eats up scarce battery power in use. "We could potentially use the glass as a biometric lock, tuned to recognize only one person's face" according to Yu. Since the way their system works involves passive interaction with glass, he notes, "Once built, it would last forever without needing power or internet, meaning it could keep something safe for you even after thousands of years."

Concludes Yu, "We're always thinking about how we provide vision for machines in the future, and imagining application specific, mission-driven technologies. This changes almost everything about how we design machine vision."

ai innovation future invention product design discovery
New alternative to Trump's wall would create jobs, renewable energy, and increase border security
A consortium of scientists and engineers have proposed that the U.S. and Mexico build a series of guarded solar, wind, natural gas and desalination facilities along the entirety of the border.
Credit: Purdue University photo/Jorge Castillo Quiñones
The proposal was recently presented to several U.S. members of Congress.
The plan still calls for border security, considering all of the facilities along the border would be guarded and connected by physical barriers.
It's undoubtedly an expensive and complicated proposal, but the team argues that border regions are ideal spots for wind and solar energy, and that they could use the jobs and fresh water the energy park would create.

Building such a park would undoubtedly be a complicated, expensive undertaking. The team estimates the solar energy arm of the project alone would require 8 million solar panels and cost $4.5 billion. Still, many parts of the border region are ideal for generating renewable energy. The white paper describes how the areas of strong winds in the Gulf and Baja California regions "are ideal for wind farms."

Similarly, the desalination part of the proposal would bring water to California, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona – areas "in the grip of severe to exceptional drought conditions," the paper states. The team added that these efforts, which would include an "interconnected super-pipe system" along the entirety of the border, could help make the U.S. a global leader in the industry.

"At first blush the idea seems too big, too aggressive, but consider the Roman aqueducts or the transcontinental railroads—enormous undertakings that gave enormous benefits. The cost of providing basic, essential infrastructure to the border lands is tiny compared to the opportunities it creates," Ronald Adrian, Regent's Professor at Arizona State University, told Phys.org. "I view this project as a means of creating wealth by turning unused land of little value along the border into valuable land that has power, water access and ultimately agriculture, industry, jobs, workers and communities. With only a wall, you still have unused land of little value."

So far, the team has presented their proposal to three U.S. representatives and one senator. It's a plan that they say will help reduce illegal immigration while providing more jobs and cleaner energy to both U.S. and Mexico.

"Democrats want a Green New Deal. Republicans want border security," Castillo told Scientific American. "Both parties could win. It could be a win–win for the U.S. and Mexico, too. This idea could spark a completely new conversation about the border. And we need that."

energy solar energy politics policy economics innovation alternative energy
"A monkey has been able to control a computer with its brain," Musk said, referring to tests of the device.
Neuralink seeks to build a brain-machine interface that would connect human brains with computers.
No tests have been performed in humans, but the company hopes to obtain FDA approval and begin human trials in 2020.
Musk said the technology essentially provides humans the option of "merging with AI."

This device can record the activity of neurons, which could help scientists learn more about the functions of the brain, specifically in the realm of disease and degenerative disorders. The device was also designed to stimulate brain cells, though a white paper released by the company said it has not yet done so.

"There's an incredible amount we can do to solve brain disorders, damage, and this will occur quite slowly," Musk said in the presentation Tuesday. "This will be a slow process where we'll gradually increase the issues that we solve until ultimately we can do a full brain-machine interface."

One of the most surprising revelations came when Musk said this device has been tested on at least one monkey, who was able to control a computer with its brain. (Musk didn't provide further details.) Neuralink's experiments involve embedding a probe into the animal's brain through invasive surgery with a sewing machine-like robot that drills holes into the skull. Once embedded, the company connects to the probe through USB.

Eventually, Neuralink hopes to use laser beams to embed the device, which would use a wireless interface, "so you have no wires poking out of your head," Musk said. "That's very important."

This wireless product — called the N1 sensor — would consist of four sensors implanted in the brain: three in motor areas and one in a somatosensory area, an area of the brain responsible for sensations inside of or on the body's surface. In its early stages, the N1 sensor would enable users to control smartphones with their brain, sort of like "learning to touch type [to] play the piano," Musk said.

Neuralink's device isn't the first example of a brain-machine interface, but the company claims its technology is "state of the art," mainly because it uses smaller and more flexible "threads" for neural recording, instead of rigid electrodes made from metal or semiconductors. The company suggests its approach would be safer and cause less inflammation in the brain.

"It has tremendous potential, and we hope to have this in a human patient by the end of next year," Musk said.

But before that can happen, Neuralink must first obtain FDA approval by establishing that its technology works safely and effectively in animals. It's also worth noting that, like some of Musk's other goals, Neuralink described its 2020 human-trials timeline as "aspirational."

Musk — who once said A.I. is humanity's "biggest existential threat" — suggested that it makes sense for humans to work toward merging with technology.

"Even in a benign AI scenario, we will be left behind," Musk said Tuesday. "With a high-bandwidth brain-machine interface, we can go along for the ride. We can effectively have the option of merging with AI."

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text:
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
In 2003, America's pharmaceutical companies were under fire from politicians from both sides of the aisle over rising drug prices. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America turned to Navigators for an integrated communications campaign to defeat legislative efforts that would allow the re-importation of Canadian drugs and would make it easier for generic drug makers to infringe upon the intellectual property rights of research-based pharmaceutical companies.
Navigators developed an aggressive Beltway advertising campaign that focused on the negative impact that the re-importation and generic drug legislation would have on the research and development of new cures and the safety of existing prescription medicines. Our campaign put the focus on patients and how they benefit from the lifesaving research conducted by America's pharmaceutical companies, while establishing a political price for supporting legislation that would result in steep cutbacks in R&D spending.
No on Measure B integrated a robust direct mail program supported by paid television and newspaper advertising, a coordinated grassroots letter to the editor and op-ed program, a continuous paid telephone canvass operation, absentee ballot program and an intensive get-out-the-vote operation during the last three days of the election.
Our campaign succeeded in keeping the re-importation and generic drug provisions out of the Medicare Rx drug bill that was signed into law by President Bush in 2003.


text:
7 Syrian refugee children die in Canada fire
Children ranged in age from 3 months to 17
Published: February 19, 2019 21:04 AP
Halifax, Nova Scotia - Seven children, all members of a Syrian family who arrived in Canada about two years ago, died in an early morning fire Tuesday that witnesses said quickly engulfed a home in a Halifax suburb.
A woman who lives next door said the children ranged in age from 3 months to 17-years-old.
A man and woman remained in hospital Tuesday afternoon, the man with life-threatening injuries. The woman was expected to survive her injuries.
In a brief interview from the hospital, Imam Abdallah Yousri of the Ummah Mosque and Community Centre in Halifax said the family was originally from Raqqa, Syria.
Danielle Burt, who lives next door to the family, said she heard a loud bang and a woman screaming just after 12.30am Tuesday. Burt ran out of the house with her four children and saw the neighbouring parents outside in a harrowing scene.
"The mother was on the grass, praying I guess, bowing her hands down, and pulling on my husband's arm to call 911," she said, becoming emotional.
"She said the kids were inside and the dad was sitting on the steps. I think he had gone back in because he was really burnt. It was just awful."
The family has been in Canada almost two years, Yousri said, and originally settled in Elmsdale, north of Halifax.
Yousri said the funerals would likely be held Wednesday.
"Our entire municipality is heartbroken and our thoughts are with the loved ones of the family," Halifax Mayor Mike Savage said in a tweet.
Police said the cause of the fire remained under investigation.
Halifax District Fire Chief Mike Blackburn said the fire was very heavy when they arrived, but firefighters were able to knock it down quickly.
He suggested firefighters were deeply affected by what they saw.
"They'll process this over time but it's very difficult and it's not going to get any easier," he said.


text:
"Правда о баптистах" — книга В. Г. Павлова, впервые опубликованная в журнале «Баптист» № 41-47, 1911 года. Сам автор охарактеризовал её как «Очерк истории, церковного устройства и принципов баптистских общин».

Цель написания

По словам автора, целью написания книги стало противостояние «антисектантской пропаганде»: «Настоящим очерком мы желали бы познакомить наших слушателей с историей баптистов с первых времён христианства и до наших дней, как за границей, так и в России, с устройством их общин и учением, чтобы наши читатели могли иметь ясное представление о баптистах и не верили нелепым утверждениям, которые часто распространяются о них как о какой-то социалистической секте, угрожающей потрясти весь строй нашей гражданской жизни».

Название
Название книги, по-видимому, обусловлено её антипропагандистским содержанием. Кроме того, автор, вероятно, хотел создать аллюзию на брошюру Л. З. Кунцевича «В чём ложь баптизма?»

Содержание

Характеристика баптизма
Несмотря на то, что Павлов был выходцем из молокан, он не акцентирует внимание на молоканских корнях русского баптизма, более того, приравнивает его к «мейнстриму» штундистов: «штундистское движение в своей массе и по существу есть не что иное, как евангельское учение, известное на Западе под именем баптизма».

Истоки мирового баптизма
По мнению Павлова, история мирового баптизма начинается с Иоанна Крестителя и самого Иисуса Христа: «Со времён апостольских до Реформации» на фоне официальной Церковной организации существовали отдельные общины, которые «одни поклонялись и служили Богу по велениям своей совести и сохраняли своё евангельское учение почти в первобытной его чистоте».

«И хотя при тусклом неверном свете последующих веков ужаса и испорченности мы не всегда можем открыть их след или с полною уверенностью указать на их присутствие, однако мы чувствуем несомненную уверенность в их всегдашнем существовании» — утверждает Павлов.

Преемственность же баптизма к Церкви первых веков определяется не цепочкой рукоположений служителей, а «преемством духа, учения и жизни апостолов».

Причины появления русского баптизма
Как отмечал Павлов, «исторические обстоятельства сложились неблагоприятно для духовного развития народа: междоусобия удельных князей, татарское иго, крепостное иго, всё это не позволяло ему сознательно отнестись к религии, и в своей массе он доныне знаком лишь с внешнею стороною религии: обрядами, постами и прочее.

Лишь с освобождением крестьян от крепостной зависимости начинается, с семидесятых годов прошлого столетия, пробуждение религиозного сознания русского народа, которое выразилось в движении, получившем название "штундизма"».

По его мнению, «почва для восприятия евангельского движения, окрещённого названием штундизма, который представляет собой не что иное, как попытку возвратиться к первобытному христианству, была подготовлена тремя факторами: освобождением крестьян от ига крепостничества, распространением Слова Божия и увеличением грамотности в народе. Неграмотный не мог читать Библии, следовательно, не мог и проверить учения господствующей церкви, сличив его с учением Нового Завета. Несвободный человек не мог без великих жертв исповедовать свою веру, которая не согласовалась с учением церкви, поэтому всякие новшества и реформаторские попытки подавлялись жестоко властью помещиков.

Только с получением свободы личности и усвоением грамотности наш крестьянин начал читать Библию и стал замечать несоответствие окружающей его действительности с учением Христа. Отсюда желание устроить свою жизнь на евангельских началах, и таким образом явился штундизм».

Оглавление
 Введение
 I. Начало истории баптистов
 II. Ранние секты
 III. Швейцарские баптисты
 IV. Валлийские баптисты
 V. Голландские баптисты
 VI. Английские баптисты
 VII. Германские баптисты
 VIII. Новейшие баптисты в Германии
 IX. Русские баптисты
 X. Штундисты и баптисты
 XI. Баптизм на Кавказе
 XII. Распространение баптизма
 XIII. Патриотизм баптистов
 XIV. Дальнейшее распространение баптизма
 XV. Гонения
 XVI. Гирюсы
 XVII. Организация баптистских общин
 XVIII. Исповедание баптистов
 XIX. Принципы баптистов
 XX. Деятельность баптистов

Влияние
Книга «Правда о баптистах» является первой или одной из первых работ по историографии русского баптизма. Так, в книге «История ЕХБ в СССР» утверждается, что первыми историками русско-украинского братства стали И. С. Проханов и В. Г. Павлов. Со стороны Проханова такой работа стала серия очерков, опубликованных в издаваемом им журнале «Беседа», со стороны Павлова — книга «Правда о баптистах».

До выхода в 1989 году книги «История ЕХБ в СССР» «Правда о баптистах» оставалась самым объёмным и полным конфессиональным исследованием собственной истории, что обусловило её влияние на формирование конфессиональной историографии.

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Примечания

Книги по алфавиту
Религиозная литература
Христианская литература
Протестантская литература
Литература евангельских христиан
Книги 1911 года

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