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Tips for Visiting Merida, Mexico
We have been to the Yucatan, Mexico several times now, and most recently, we spent a week in the large city of Merida. This bustling city has much to offer and is known for being safe. We spent a lot of time exploring the city by foot and by car, and there is so much to see!
Here are some tips we learned along the way.
Stay cool, and wear comfortable clothing and shoes
We did a lot of walking in Merida, so it is good to be prepared with comfortable shoes. It was also quite hot, so it is a good idea to be prepared for the heat as well. Make sure to stay hydrated. Tip – a lot of people who live in the Yucatan drink Electrolit, the equivalent of Pedialyte in the US. It was everywhere we shopped, and we ended up drinking a lot of Electrolit stay adequately hydrated!
It is also nice to venture out during the evening, when you aren't dealing with being in the sun. You'll find that places like city squares and restaurants are bustling with activity in the evenings as well.
Make a list of sights to see and give yourself time to explore
There are so many things to see in Merida, it is good to create a list of things you want to see. If you are on a limited time frame, such as a short trip, you can prioritize which things you don't want to miss. The city is quite large, so it is also a good idea to organize attractions by region.
Merida is a large city, and it takes time to travel around the city even by car. Between food, museums, historical landmarks, and other attractions, you can easily stay busy for many days. We could have easily stayed busy if we stayed longer.
Merida is considered to be very safe, but it is always good to exercise caution any time you are traveling. Keep valuables and money in a safe place and be aware of your surroundings.
We rented a car from Avant Car Rental in Cancun, and drove throughout the Yucatan. If you decide to drive in Mexico, you will need to be as prepared as possible. Here are our Tips for Driving a Rental Car in Mexico.
Check out historical sights and museums
There are lots of historical places in the city, from museums to churches. We checked out some historical spots like Museo Casa Montejo, Merida. Keep in mind that many of these are reasonably priced or free.
Visit plazas
Plazas can be very scenic, often with a historical landmark such as a church. There are also usually vendors or other attractions, from music to food and souveniers.
Check out markets and street vendors
There are lots of great foods around the city, not just in restaurants, but at vendors. If you visit Mexico, you must try a marquesita! This dessert is native to the state of the Yucatan, and is a crepe filled with sweets, such as nutella and fruit.
You can also find lots of great fruits and other goodies at markets and vendors, and we like to support small businesses when we can.
Consider Day Trips from Merida
Merida is a great place to stay as a base for activities, not just in the city, but beyond. We stayed towards the center of Merida, and spent several days just going on day trips.
Some of places we went to as a day trip included:
Cenote Chel-Paak, Homun
Cenote Chukum, Tikuch
Cenotes Cuzama, Cuzama
Cenote Dzonot-Dzik, San Crisanto
Cenote Hool Kosom, Homun
Choco-Story, Uxmal
Izamal, The Yellow City
Kinich Kakmó Mayan Ruins, Izamal
Reserva Ecológica El Corchito (Raccoon Reserve) Progreso, Mexico
Salinas Rosas Pink Salt Flats, Telchac, Mexico
San Crisanto Mangroves and Cenote Dzonot-Dzik (Cenote Bravo)
Uxmal Ruins, Uxmal
Check out our other Mexico blog posts here.
Don't forget to check out our Tips for Driving a Rental Car in Mexico.
Busy blogger and mom of two girls. We love traveling and the great outdoors, and are always looking for our next adventure!
By Marysa|2023-01-01T21:30:23+00:00December 31st, 2022|Travel|28 Comments
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Beth January 10, 2023 at 6:42 am - Reply
I always make a list before I travel. This is a very helpful tip not just when visiting Mexico but when traveling in general.
Talya Stone January 10, 2023 at 2:36 pm - Reply
Lists are everything when travelling. Mexico is definitely on my list of places I would love to visit one day.
Yeah Lifestyle January 10, 2023 at 3:05 pm - Reply
Merida loooks beautiful and I would love to visit it one day. Thanks for your tips on organize attractions by region as I would not have thought of doing that
Melanie williams January 10, 2023 at 5:43 pm - Reply
Mexico has never been on my travel radar, but how helpful is this for people who want to travel to Merida. What a beautiful place for sure.
Tammy January 10, 2023 at 5:52 pm - Reply
Wow it looks so beautiful there! I've never been but parts of Mexico are just stunning!
Claudia Krusch January 10, 2023 at 7:09 pm - Reply
Loved your pictures and the colors and diverse environment! Thanks for sharing it!
Chad January 10, 2023 at 7:24 pm - Reply
I've never been to Mexico but it is definitely on my bucket list! Merida seems gorgeous wow!!! I can't wait to go there, I can't wait!
Melanie E January 10, 2023 at 8:04 pm - Reply
I do love Mexico it's such a lovely place. I haven't had the chance to visit Merida yet. I do love to visit the markets and try the foods. Marquesita do sound yummy!!!!
Stephanie January 24, 2023 at 2:33 am - Reply
I've only been to the big tourist places in Mexico via a cruise stop. I'd love to go sometime to be able to stay for a while and really see the area like you did.
Healing Oils January 24, 2023 at 3:20 am - Reply
The streets in Merida look amazingly clean. I would love to spend some time there and take in all the local sites and sounds.
Debbie January 24, 2023 at 3:37 am - Reply
Thank you for the great tips on Merida! I've been to Cancun and found it gorgeous, but always up for something new and fun!
Merida is one of the best places to travel in Mexico! It has incredible food and great weather too.
Colleen January 24, 2023 at 6:10 am - Reply
Merida doesn't ring a bell for most travelers like the bigger-name destinations but for me, this is the perfect destination.
Luna S January 24, 2023 at 2:18 pm - Reply
Great tips especially about staying hydrated! It looks like you were able to see a lot of gorgeous locations, it seems like it was a fantastic trip.
Renee January 24, 2023 at 4:31 pm - Reply
It looks like so much fun! I can't believe I am so close the border but haven't been down there yet.
Maureen January 24, 2023 at 6:21 pm - Reply
These are great tips and with any travels, it goes without saying that safety comes first! But sometimes it is easily forgotten and a good reminder to have. Also, checking out local vendors is always so fun. It's a great way to experience life there as well as learn something new!
Maureen | http://www.littlemisscasual.com
Ntensibe Edgar January 24, 2023 at 7:27 pm - Reply
Ooohhhh…alright then! Thank you for these tips. Merida looks so peaceful and I love visiting places that are peaceful.
Bryan January 24, 2023 at 10:07 pm - Reply
I remember Merida. We spent a few hours there, an excursion from a cruise we were on. It looks like there is much more to see and do, so a return visit is in store. And living in Houston, I can fly to the Yucatan fairly quickly and for little cost.
MrsEneroDiaries January 25, 2023 at 12:04 am - Reply
I have never been to Mexico but based on your photos, Merida looks so beautiful place to visit.
Chloe Arnold January 25, 2023 at 12:38 am - Reply
I had never heard of Merida, but it looks stunning! Might have to add it to my list since we are so close to Mexico from California!
Kristy Bullard January 25, 2023 at 3:07 am - Reply
Definitely wear LOTS of sunscreen and bring extra with you! I learned this on our last trip! I joke that there is a different hotter sun in Mexico!
Melanie E January 25, 2023 at 12:43 pm - Reply
I would love to visit Merida if I revisit Mexico. I do hope to go again someday with the kids.
Princess Q. January 25, 2023 at 2:31 pm - Reply
Mexico is one place I've dreamt of traveling to since I was a kid, and boy I would grab an opportunity to visit Merida! Thank you for sharing these awesome tips, will be planning my trip soon 🙂
Monidipa January 25, 2023 at 2:42 pm - Reply
The tips are good. I loved the sightseeing part. If i visit Mexico (which is already on the ist this year itself) then I will surely visit Merida.
Kelly Bolen January 25, 2023 at 9:41 pm - Reply
My daughter and I are going to Cancun in April! We cannot wait to kick back and relax! I love Mexico!
Sonia Seivwright January 26, 2023 at 8:24 pm - Reply
These are great tips. Mexico here I come.
Fransic verso January 27, 2023 at 8:22 pm - Reply
Being safe until this day or has anything changed? Because things are not good in Mexico at the moment. Does this city still consider safe?


In the field of the efficiency of very shallow geothermal energy systems, there is still a significant need for research activity. To ensure the proper exploitation of this energy resource, the decisive geophysical parameters of soil must be well-known. Within this study, thermal conductivity, as a fundamental property for evaluating the geothermal potential of very shallow geothermal systems, was analyzed and measured with a TK04 device. A dataset, consisting of various geophysical parameters (thermal conductivity, bulk density, water content, and porosity) determined for a large range of different textural soil classes, was collated. In a new approach, the geophysical properties were visualized covering the complete grain size range. The comparison between the measured and calculated thermal conductivity values enabled an investigation with respect to the validity of the different Kersten equations. In the course of this comparison, the influence of effective bulk density was taken into account. In conclusion, both Kersten formulas should be used as recommended and regular bulk density corresponded better to the reference dataset representing the outcomes of the TK04 laboratory measurement. Another objective was to visualize the relation of thermal conductivities within their corresponding textural classes and the validity of Kersten formulas for various bulk densities, depths, and soils. As a result, the accessibility to information for expedient recommendations about the feasibility of very shallow geothermal systems will be improved. Easy, accessible know-how of the fundamentals is important for a growing renewable energy sector where very shallow geothermal installations can also cover heating and cooling demands.
Due to climate change and the consequent societal rethinking about energy policies in favor of renewable energies, geothermal energy has become progressively important for heating and cooling demands. One critical issue of facing global warming by using geothermal applications is the reduction of emitted greenhouse gases [1,2,3]. To enable proper and sustainable implementation in today's energy concepts, research into geothermal systems is fundamental. Compared to solar or wind energy, geothermal systems—as part of the renewable energy sector—are not dependent on diurnal varying climatic conditions. These systems are only affected by seasonal temperature changes until a certain depth . Thus, these systems are available at any time and are sustainable if anticipatorily used . Furthermore, low enthalpy geothermal systems can be installed almost everywhere to enable a decentralized energy supply. In vertical shallow geothermal systems (up to 400 m in depth), the thermal conductivity of unconsolidated soil materials only affects the topmost layers. As the contact area between the vertical geothermal systems and the surrounding unconsolidated soil is very small in relation to the total contact area of the whole installed system, the soil's geothermal potential within the vertical installations is much less decisive. For these geothermal installations, the thermal properties of the underlying bedrock are essential.
In the field of unconsolidated soil, primarily horizontal geothermal systems like collector systems or special forms such as heat baskets come into play to exploit this very shallow geothermal potential (vSGP). The vSGP is defined as the natural thermal potential of unconsolidated soil from the surface down to the bedrock . Within the very shallow geothermal sector, the output of such geothermal systems hinges substantially on the thermal conductivity of the surrounding soil. Knowledge on the thermal conductivity of soil materials is one key to elaborate the feasibility and dimension of very shallow geothermal systems [7,8,9]. The installation of those horizontal systems does not necessarily require drilling operations and consequently, there is most likely to be no interaction of the system with a water aquifer. As a result, only a limited amount of legislation has to be considered. Hence, the dependency on public authorities, or rather, on environmental legislation for shallow geothermal use  and the incurred costs are diminished.
The thermal conductivity of soil is also essential for other soil applications. For example, in the field of buried electrical cables, thermal conductivity is a major parameter [11,12,13,14]. Particularly, along with the expansion of national and cross-border power grids with high voltage power cables [15,16], this soil parameter is a subject of remarkable interest as the installation depth of high voltage power lines is equivalent to very shallow; i.e., in horizontal geothermal applications. In this case, the thermal properties of the backfilling material also has to be of concern [17,18].
The thermal conductivity of unconsolidated soils depends specifically on soil texture and its pore filling material as well as its mineralogy [19,20,21]. Taking the mineralogy solely into account, quartz has a significantly better thermal conductivity than clay minerals [22,23,24]. The soil structure is influenced by various factors like the content of organic matter or the amount of clay [25,26]. In this context, the most relevant parameters are bulk density, soil moisture content, and grain size distribution [27,28,29,30], since neither organic content nor carbonates were present within the investigated soil samples.
Within this study, the main topic was the investigation and visualization of the thermal conductivity of soil with respect to other essential geophysical parameters. Reference values, compiled as part of the former ThermoMap project  were used. To determine thermal conductivity (λ), common formulas according to Kersten (1949) were used similarly to the ThermoMap project. These equations are based on these three relevant input parameters: bulk density (ρb), total volumetric water content (θW), and grain size distribution (Equations (1) and (2)). The granulometry, as third relevant parameter, is reflected within the differentiation of both formulas. Equation (1) has to be applied if soils contain more than 50% sand and Equation (2) if soils consist of more than 50% of silt and clay [24,30]. It has to be considered that the following formulas are only valid for unfrozen soil conditions. Although there are other approaches for determining thermal conductivity [19,31,32,33,34,35], to be able to compare the outcomes with other studies, the approach of Kersten (1949) was applied. Additionally, when compared to many other models, the approach used enables its application on all textural soil classes.
The thermal conductivity of soil can usually be measured with a needle probe at one finite point. Such measurements only cover a few centimeters of the soil around the probes and most of the probes are roughly 10 cm long . To obtain an overview about a large-scale soil body, many measurements are needed. Furthermore, measurements within a depth of more than 15 cm are difficult to perform without soil removal or heavy machinery . With these methods, extensive and costly (excavation) work has to be executed to obtain representative results in order to analyze the undisturbed thermal conductivity over a depth of several meters. In terms of customized solutions and adapted dimensioning of large-scale, very shallow geothermal systems; however, soil assessment of high accuracy is essential.
In this regard, the analysis of the thermal conductivity of soils within this study should enable an improved soil assessment; i.e., by providing easily accessible visualized correlations between thermal conductivity and soil textural classes. Thermal conductivity has been mainly examined with respect to bulk density, water content, and grain size distribution. A possible application for the usage of effective bulk density with a special focus on clay content was also reflected. To classify the measured results, they were compared with the calculated values of the ThermoMap project . Using these correlations, more convenient thermal conductivity soil investigations can be applied worldwide on any type of soil that is covered by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil texture classification system .
It has to be considered that in this study, due to the TK04 measurements, a stationary system under saturated conditions was investigated. Such circumstances are commonly used to describe the thermal conductivity of soil [19,24,34,35]. However, within a dynamic system like very shallow geothermal installations or buried power lines where significant differences in temperature occur, thermal conductivity is also water flow (vapor diffusion, capillary transport, and convection) dependent . This produces different water flow patterns within soil  and consolidated material .
In this study, 61 samples corresponding to nine different soil classes according to the USDA soil texture classification were analyzed. The origin of the samples were the two major German test sides of the ThermoMap project. Both areas, Röttenbach and Büchenbach, are located in the vicinity of Erlangen. Each site is characterized by quaternary, fluvial, and sedimentary deposits. Each sample was tested for its bulk density, water content, and thermal conductivity as well as grain size distribution. By determining the grain size distribution, all investigated samples could be classified using the USDA soil classification. With the mentioned parameters, porosity could be derived. In addition, the feasibility of effective bulk density for thermal conductivity calculations was checked. Subsequently, these data were compared with the calculated thermal conductivity values according to Kersten (1949) and the final lookup table developed within the ThermoMap project .
Bulk density ρb, is represented by the ratio of mass of soil substances to occupied volume as given by Equation (3).
where md gives the dry mass and Vc is the volume of the TK04 cylinder containing the soil sample. The bulk density of the investigated samples was determined as described in the next section following DIN 18125-2 and classified according to Table 1.
In this study, the effective bulk density, ρb, eff, was also determined and compared with the regular bulk density. The difference between the effective and normal bulk density depends on the amount of clay content nc (Equation (4)) .
As the majority of the sandy substrate consists of quartz grains, for ρs, the same density as quartz (2.65 g cm−³) was assumed. To consider the computed porosity, the amount of saturated pore volume (Sp) can be determined using the following equation (Equation (6)) .
The thermal conductivity of all soil samples was measured with the TK04 half-space probe from TeKa Thermophysical Instrument—Geothermal Investigation using the methodology in ASTM D5334-08. The numeric principles of the used device are based on a line source theory developed by Blackwell in 1954 . First, the samples had to be dried in a drying chamber at 105 °C for 24 h to ensure complete dehydration. After determining the dry weight, distilled water was added to the sample until all grains were floating in the water body when mixed. The saturated soil sample was then filled into an iron half space cylinder with known internal dimensions and predetermined weight. The cap, containing the temperature sensor and the heating unit, was inserted upon this cylinder filled with soil material and its total weight was measured. A vertical pressure of 1 MPa was applied, pushing the cap onto the soil sample. The difference in height between the cap's surface and the top of the cylinder was ascertained. These dimensions and the actual weights were used to compute the bulk density. It is important that there are no cavities below the cap, which would lead to incorrect results. In the case of correct preparations, the settings of the measurement program have to be adjusted. For each sample, ten repetitions with cooling intervals of 10 min in between were performed to ensure reproducible results. The TK04 can analyze up to 99 successive repeat measurements for a certain sample adjustment in order to make precision improvements .
For each soil, classified by the USDA soil texture classification, the analyzed soil properties (bulk density and water content) were correlated to the respective thermal conductivity. Taking these parameters into consideration, thermal conductivity was calculated by using Equations (1) and (2) after Kersten (1949) and Farouki (1981) [24,30]. These calculations were also performed with the effective bulk density. To check the validity of both Kersten formulas (Equations (1) and (2)), the thermal conductivity of all samples was calculated with both equations, regardless of their granulometry. These differently calculated and measured thermal conductivities were then compared. Additionally, other standardized thermal conductivity values of the European ThermoMap project  were added to the analysis to classify the thermal conductivities under distinct saturated conditions. In the ThermoMap project, the thermal conductivity values were also calculated using the formulas after Kersten (1949) . In the course of this project, thermal conductivity was associated to three different bulk densities: 1.3 g cm−³, 1.5 g cm−³, and 1.8 g cm−³. By comparing the values according to the ThermoMap project with the measured thermal conductivities, the best fit between the calculated and measured thermal conductivity values can be assessed.
Furthermore, the TK04 measurements were compared to the expected thermal conductivities calculated according to Kersten (1949) and Farouki (1981), distinguishing between sand- (Equation (1)) and silt-/clay-dominated (Equation (2)) soils. Additionally, the effect of applying the effective bulk density (Equation (4)) on the Kersten equation was determined.
To visualize the data in an interrelated way with a focus on the USDA soil texture classification, it was integrated into a GIS software. The spatial position of each data point within the USDA textural classification diagram, an equilateral ternary plot, was defined by a triple of data (i.e., % sand/% silt/% clay). To transfer these spatial data into a GIS software, the data triples were transferred into Cartesian coordinates (i.e., 100% sand = (0,0); 100% silt = (0,1); 100% clay = (1/2,√3/2)).
All 61 samples were imported to ArcMap using the X-/Y-values as described above. Two reference points were added to the dataset to visualize 100% sand (0,0) and 100% silt (0,1), and to create a common working base for further interpolations (Figure 1).
To obtain a coherent distribution within the ternary plot, the data was interpolated. To be able to later apply statistical algorithms, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) algorithm was selected to receive an interpolated raster surface. The IDW was used since the data were located relatively close to each other and, furthermore, the IDW is limited to the range of raw data . The searching radius was set to variable and the number of points within the search radius settings was set to 30 for each ternary plot.
Using this procedure, the three measured soil parameters, bulk density, porosity, and thermal conductivity as well as the comparisons between the measured and calculated thermal conductivities, were plotted. Furthermore, various plots with deviations between different thermal conductivities were generated: first, a comparison between the measured thermal conductivities and values calculated after Kersten (1949); second, a comparison between the measured thermal conductivity TK04 results and the values of the lookup table of the ThermoMap project including the three bulk density stages (see Section 3). The classification for the bulk density plot is based on Sponagel (2005) (Table 1).
A summary of the measured results is displayed in Table 2. Based on the grain size distribution, nine different grain size classes according to the USDA soil texture classification from various locations (inside Germany) were examined in terms of bulk density, porosity, and thermal conductivity.
In general, clayey soils are classified as having low and very low bulk densities (Table 1), ranging from 0.959 g cm−³ up to 1.359 g cm−³ (Table 2) with an average of 1.127 g cm−³. Elevated bulk density values could be observed with an increasing proportion of sand (Figure 2). For sandy clay loam samples, high and marginally very high bulk densities were measured, reaching values of 1.836 g cm−³. However, the range of bulk density within each grain size class was quite large, as observable within the loamy sands or clays.
The computed porosities showed an inverse trend when compared to the bulk density (Figure 3), which was not remarkable/surprising since the calculation was based on the measured bulk densities. Porosity decreased with an increasing content of sand. A minimum porosity of 20.5% appeared for loamy sands- and sandy clay loams. Clays, in particular, showed the highest porosities.
The two major objectives in this study focused, on the one hand, on the comparison between the measured thermal conductivity values with the TK04 device and the calculated thermal conductivity values when different Kersten formulas were applied (Section 3.2.2). On the other hand, a comparison of the thermal conductivity values with the TK04-measured device and the calculated ThermoMap values for the three different bulk density values (Section 3.2.3) was performed.
Figure 4 displays the distribution of thermal conductivity within the USDA soil texture classification. In this case, the coarse material showed higher thermal conductivity values than the fine material.
Regardless of the grain size classes, all measured thermal conductivities were in a range between 0.906 W (m·K)−1 and 2.435 W (m·K)−1 (Table 2). In this range, clay possessed the lowest values, whereas loamy sand and sandy loam showed very high thermal conductivities. However, the spread of the thermal conductivity in the 'loamy sand' and 'sandy loam' section was relatively high, as they covered a range from 1.581 W (m·K)−1 up to 2.435 W (m·K)−1. This was accompanied by a positive correlation with increasing bulk density (Figure 5).
A positive correlation of thermal conductivity with increasing sand content was observed (Figure 4) as well as a positive correlation between the bulk densities and increasing sand content (Figure 2). Hence, the relation between thermal conductivity and bulk density as displayed in Figure 5 was not surprising.
The best correlation between the measured and calculated thermal conductivity could be achieved by applying the formulas from Kersten (1949), distinguishing between sand- (Equation (1)) and silt-/clay-dominated (Equation (2)) soils as recommended, and using the measured bulk densities for calculation (Figure 6b). When applying only Equation (1) for the sand-dominated soils, the associated regression line showed a pronounced discrepancy from the line through the origin (Figure 6d) at lower thermal conductivities. For high thermal conductivities, the regression line converged to the line through the origin. An inverse trend can be observed in Figure 6f, where the thermal conductivity was calculated by only applying Equation (2). In this case, a better correlation between the measured and calculated thermal conductivities was noticed for soils with low thermal conductivities, and with increasing thermal conductivity, the discrepancy increased.
However, these observations could not be confirmed in Figure 6a,c,e where the mentioned deviations within the thermal conductivities were not visible in relation to the USDA soil texture classification. An overall higher deviation between the measured and calculated thermal conductivities is illustrated by the comparison of Figure 6a,c,e. Deviations between the measured and calculated thermal conductivities, by the recommended application of the Kersten formulas (Figure 6a), showed significant differences, especially for sandy loam (up to 0.55–0.60 W (m·K)−1) but also for sandy clay (≤0.4 W (m·K)−1), and minor differences for sandy clay and loamy sand (≤0.35 W (m·K)−1). Higher contrasts in thermal conductivities, calculated by applying only Equation (1) (Figure 6c), appeared in the areas of sandy loam and silty clay (up to 0.6 W (m·K)−1). The measured thermal conductivities of clay loam, clay as well as sandy clay loam, on the contrary, hardly deviated from the calculated ones. The overall lowest deviations between the calculated and measured thermal conductivities (Figure 6e) occurred by only applying Equation (2). In this case, differences of ≤0.35 W (m·K)−1 appeared within the loamy sand and silty clay.
By calculating the thermal conductivity with the equations according to Kersten (1949) and by using the calculated effective bulk density (Equation (4)) instead of the measured one, a distinct larger gap in relation to the measured thermal conductivity was observable (Figure 6h). The calculated thermal conductivities were accounted/lifted roughly 1.0 W (m·K)−1 above the measured thermal conductivities. This relationship is also reflected in Figure 6g where a strong deviation between the measured and calculated thermal conductivities was implied. This observation was true for nearly all of the data points and classes, except for some areas within clay loam, loam, and loamy sand.
The calculated thermal conductivities for soils in the uppermost depths stage of 0–3 m and a standardized bulk density of 1.3 g cm−³ ranged from ~1.2 W (m·K)−1 to ~1.5 W (m·K)−1 (Figure 7). The regression line (Figure 7) had a much lower slope of 0.2107 than the line through the origin.
This slight underestimation is also reflected in Figure 8, where positive and negative deviation of the ThermoMap project values from the thermal conductivities measured with the TK04 were related to the USDA soil texture classification. In particular, sand rich areas (loamy sand, sandy loam, and sandy clay loam) strongly deviated negatively (down to 0.42 W (m·K)−1) from the measured values. In contrast, clays were rather overestimated with a difference in thermal conductivity of up to 0.30 W (m·K)−1. By using a standardized bulk density of 1.5 g cm−³, representing soils at depths of 3–6 m, for calculating thermal conductivity after Kersten (1949), a better fit was achieved. The values generally deviated less from the best fit when compared to the ones calculated for a depth range of 0–3 m. However, a general overestimation of the calculated thermal conductivities calculated with a standardized bulk density of 1.5 g cm−³ was observed in Figure 9. A maximum positive deviation of 0.55 W (m·K)−1 was reached for clay, whereas loamy sand, sandy loam, and sandy clay loam were still underestimated (down to −0.27 W (m·K)−1). The thermal conductivities calculated for soils at a depth of 6–9 m, with an expected bulk density of 1.8 g cm−³, generally showed an unfavorable correlation with the measured thermal conductivity values (Figure 7). This was reflected in the calculated thermal conductivities deviating at least ~0.4 W (m·K)−1 from the highest and ~1.3 W (m·K)−1 from the lowest measured thermal conductivities.
The databases for Figure 8, Figure 9 and Figure 10 are listed in an overview table (Table 3) where the thermal conductivity values for all respective bulk densities, which were defined in the ThermoMap project, were collated.
This observation was confirmed in the soil textural triangle (Figure 10), accounting for a strong positive deviation of up to 1.10 W (m·K)−1 (for clays) calculated from the measured thermal conductivities. The smallest deviations in thermal conductivities were determined for loamy sands, silt-poor sandy loams, and silt-poor sandy clay loams.
When comparing the measured thermal conductivities with the values calculated and sorted after Kersten (1949) (Figure 11), thereby distinguishing between the conventional method using both Equations (1) and (2), and just using either one of the formulas, several observations were apparent. With the exception of two samples, the equation used for the samples with a sand proportion below 50% was applied to all soils with a calculated low thermal conductivity. Whereas for all soils with a calculated high thermal conductivity, the equation for sand proportions above 50% was used. Furthermore, the thermal conductivities calculated solely with Equation (2) always possessed lower values than when calculated with Equation (1). In the area of the lowest thermal conductivities (Section 1/Figure 11), the measured values correlated with the predicted ones that used the Equation (1), although these samples comprised only clayey/silty soils.
Decent accordance was achieved in the middle section between the measured and thermal conductivities predicted with the conventional method. Section 3 shows the measured thermal conductivities that were in agreement with values predicted with Equation (2), despite the samples being sandy soils.
The aim of this study was to compare the thermal conductivity values derived by the laboratory TK04 measurements and hypothetical soil properties derived from the ThermoMap project and their visualization in USDA textural classes. Bulk densities should preferably be used for thermal conductivity calculations according to Kersten (1949). Generally, for calculating thermal conductivity, a bulk density of about 1.5 g cm−3 fits best. However, an even better result was achieved by distinguishing between certain grain size classes and applied bulk densities. Clay soils were represented best by using the bulk density of 1.3 g cm−3 (Figure 8), whereas a bulk density of 1.8 g cm−³ only provided suitable outcomes for very pure sands (Figure 10). All of the other intermediate grain size classes such as loamy sand, sandy loam, or silts should be calculated with an assumed bulk density of 1.5 g cm−3 (Figure 9). These results corresponded to the bulk density ranges stated by Chaudhari et al. (2013), although a high clay content could mask the effect of an increased organic content [1,2]. In contrast to coarse soils , clays possess a relatively high porosity, resulting in lower bulk densities.
Computing thermal conductivity with effective bulk density provided unrealistic high values (Figure 6g and Table 2). This was also observed by Renger et al. (2008), who proposed that the calculation factor for computing the effective bulk density of 0.0009 applied in Equation (4) was too high. This may be due to the predominantly medium to high organic content of the soils, where the factor was derived from . Operating with effective bulk densities showed the highest deviations in fine grained soils (Figure 6g), despite having been particularly developed for this fine grain size fraction.
It must be considered that although a consistent pressure load was applied by measuring with the TK04, different bulk densities were generated dependent on the respective compactibility of each grain size class (Figure 3). Still, the relation between bulk density and thermal conductivity showed a low coefficient of correlation (Figure 5). Thus, bulk density does not solely control the thermal conductivity of soils. Other crucial factors are the degree of saturation (θ), volume fraction of air (n) as well as the volume fraction of solids (νs) [21,28,30,49]. Additionally, mineral type and grain size distribution are decisive for the thermal conductivity of soils . As all samples in this study were measured under saturated conditions, the degree of saturation and volume fraction of air could be neglected. Moreover, a mineralogical test was not conducted. Consequently, only grain size distribution was taken into account.
Clays and silts, in contrast to sandy soils, have a very high porosity (Figure 4), which results in lower bulk densities . As a consequence, by measuring under saturated conditions, the relative amount of water in clays/silts was much higher than in sandy soils. Water intrinsically has a much lower thermal conductivity of ~0.6 W (m·K)−1  than most minerals with values >1.9 W (m·K)−1. Furthermore, the amount of quartz minerals that possess very high thermal properties of up to 7.7 W (m·K)−1 [52,53] was lower in clayey/silty than in sandy soils. Altogether, this led to the decreased thermal conductivities of fine grained soils in contrast to sandy soils. The observations made within this study were thereby in agreement with the results of Brigaud and Vasseur (1989) . Referring to the factors investigated in this study such as bulk density, grain size, and mineralogy, Zhang et al. (2017) reported similar results . This regarded the positive correlation between increasing bulk density, particle size, and thermal conductivity.
When the critical moisture content is reached, thermal conductivity does not further increase significantly. According to Zhang et al. (2017), the critical moisture content of clay-/silt-soils is much higher when compared to that of sandy soils. As a consequence, the calculated thermal conductivities representing high water contents or completely saturated soils are likely to be overestimated, especially for sands (Figure 11).
The reason for the larger fluctuations within the sandy soils when compared to the clayey/silty soils was not thoroughly investigated in this study. However, these fluctuations might be caused by mineralogical variations, different bulk densities, or device-related measurement errors. Furthermore, dynamic hydraulic processes were not considered. However, to measure comparable thermal conductivities, a constant water content is crucial.
In times of fossil fuel shortage , all research in the fields of renewable energy systems is fundamental to develop alternative energy concepts for heating and cooling, for example, by the usage of geothermal heat pumps that will increase massively over the next few decades . Detailed knowledge about thermo-physical soil properties is notably beneficial when planning very shallow geothermal systems due to their impact on the efficiency of geothermal installations. Research on thermal conductivity, such as this study, is the foundation for a proper soil assessment regarding sustainable energy supply.
Under saturated conditions, the higher the amount of sand or quartz grains, respectively, the higher the thermal conductivity of soil. Additionally, a high bulk density significantly improves thermal conductivity. From the comparison of various thermal conductivities with the measured and classified values as well as different calculations using the formulas after Kersten, the following conclusions can be drawn. Regular bulk density provided the best fit with the formulas to calculate thermal conductivity, whereas effective bulk density led to an overestimation. Furthermore, to calculate thermal conductivity, both Kersten-formulas should be used accordingly and not just one of them.
Due to the comparison between the calculated values according to Bertermann et al. (2014) and the measured TK04 thermal conductivity measurements, an approximation between the laboratory TK04 measurements and actual thermal soil properties could be made. The thermal conductivity values measured with the TK04 can be associated with a depth of 3–6 m based on the ThermoMap depth classification , which is in the depth range of very shallow geothermal systems like heat baskets. The collector systems are usually installed at a depth of 1.5 m, which corresponded to lower thermal conductivity values than those measured with the TK04 device. With the evaluated and soil-type-depending thermal conductivities, the system of shallow geothermal heat exchange can be understood more precisely. It should be noted that the measured thermal conductivity values for each grain size class in the mentioned depth represented conditions below the water surface as the TK04 measurements were performed under saturated conditions.
Conceptualization, D.B.; Methodology, D.B., H.S., J.M., and S.F.; Software, J.M.; Validation, S.F. and J.M.; Formal Analysis, H.S.; Investigation, S.F.; Resources, D.B.; Writing—Original Draft Preparation, H.S. and S.F.; Writing—Review & Editing, D.B. and J.M.; Visualization, J.M.; Supervision, D.B.; Project Administration, D.B.; Funding Acquisition, D.B.
This work was co-funded by the European Commission: "ThermoMap" project (grant number 250446).
We want to thank our master's students Christopher Weindl and Sebastian Claus for all their effort during the laboratory analysis and test field investigations. Further thanks to Viktor Iancu for cross-reading and discussions.
Kersten, M.S. Thermal Properties of Soils. Available online: https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/124271 (accessed on 24 July 2018).
Figure 1. Visualization of the shapefile used for further interpolations.
Figure 2. Bulk density [g cm−³] distribution dependent on the textural soil classification.
Figure 3. Distribution of porosity [-] dependent on the USDA textural soil classification.
Figure 4. Distribution of measured thermal conductivity [W (m·K)−1] for the different textural soil classes.
Figure 5. Bulk density plotted against the thermal conductivities measured with the TK04.
Figure 6. (a) Deviation (%) of the thermal conductivity values using the Kersten formulas (Equations (1) and (2)) from the TK04 measurements; (b) Plot of the measured versus the calculated thermal conductivities after Kersten (Equations (1) and (2)) (Linear regression line = black dashed line); (c) Deviation (%) of the thermal conductivity values using the Kersten formula (Equation (1)) from the TK04 measurement; (d) Plot of the measured versus the calculated thermal conductivities after Kersten (Equation (1)) (Linear regression line = black dashed line); (e) Deviation (%) of the thermal conductivity values using the Kersten formula (Equation (2)) from the TK04 measurements; (f) Plot of the measured versus the calculated thermal conductivities after Kersten (Equation (2)) (Linear regression line = black dashed line); (g) Deviation (%) of the thermal conductivity values using the Kersten formulas (Equations (1) and (2)) and effective bulk density values from the TK04 measurements; (h) Plot of the measured versus the calculated thermal conductivities after Kersten using the effective bulk densities instead of standard bulk densities. (Linear regression line = black dashed line).
Figure 7. The measured vs. calculated thermal conductivities according to Kersten (1949) for varying soil depths; i.e., bulk densities according to the ThermoMap project.
Figure 8. Positive and negative deviation of the ThermoMap values (BD = 1.3 g cm−3) from the TK04 measured thermal conductivities.
Figure 9. Positive and negative deviation of the ThermoMap values (BD = 1.5 g cm−3) from the TK04 measured thermal conductivities.
Figure 10. Positive deviation of the ThermoMap values (BD = 1.8 g cm−3) from the TK04 measured thermal conductivities.
Figure 11. Comparison between the measured (TK04 results) and calculated thermal conductivities. The calculations according to both Kersten (1949) equations are displayed (sand formula, Equation (1); clay formula, Equation (2)). The values were sorted after the calculated thermal conductivity corresponded to both soil dependent formulas (Equation (1) > 50% sand; Equation (2) < 50% sand).
Table 1. Classification of bulk density ranges according to .
Table 2. Data table with the results of all samples investigated. Bulk density and one thermal conductivity (TK04-column) were measured by the TK04 device. Porosity and thermal conductivity according to Kersten (1949) were both computed based on the outcomes of the performed measurements of this study. The third calculated thermal conductivity was provided by the ThermoMap project. Textural soil classes were derived based on the samples granulometry.
Table 3. TK04-measured thermal conductivities (TC) for each classified soil sample and three calculated ThermoMap thermal conductivity values; each column has one single bulk density (BD) value. The three different bulk density values represent the depth layers 0–3 m, 3–6 m, and 6–10 m .


Jeffrey Brown's two Star Wars cartoon books—Darth Vader and Son, and Vader's Little Princess—have been huge sellers so to no one's surprise a third book is coming out, called Goodnight Darth Vader. The cover has just been revealed, above. Like the first two it's a surprisingly touching use of the Star Wars iconography to explore themes of parenthood and childhood.
The book will be released by Chronicle at Comic-Con. To keep you busy until then here are some Jeffrey Brown Star Wars Valentines. If you are not in love right now you better find someone right quick so you can give them one of these Valentines!!!


Abstract: This work investigates the effect of finite-alphabet source input on the secrecy rate of a multi-antenna wiretap system. Existing works have characterized maximum achievable secrecy rate or secrecy capacity for single and multiple antenna systems based on Gaussian source signals and secrecy code. Despite the impracticality of Gaussian sources, the compact closed-form expression of mutual information between linear channel Gaussian input and corresponding output has led to broad application of Gaussian input assumption in physical secrecy analysis. For practical considerations, we study the effect of finite discrete-constellation on the achievable secrecy rate of multiple-antenna wire-tap channels. Our proposed precoding scheme converts the multi-antenna system into a bank of parallel channels. Based on this precoding strategy, we propose a decentralized power allocation algorithm based on dual decomposition for maximizing the achievable secrecy rate. In addition, we analyze the achievable secrecy rate for finite-alphabet inputs in low and high SNR cases. Our results demonstrate substantial difference in secrecy rate between systems given finite-alphabet inputs and systems with Gaussian inputs.


The month of October proved positive for a large number of global financial assets as fears concerning Chinese growth appeared to recede. Volatility as viewed through the VIX gauge fell throughout the month, undoing much of the swell witnessed during August's turbulence.
The S&P Europe 350 recorded its best performance since July 2009, with a total return of 8.5%. European stock markets began the month positively; global equities rebounded as volatility measures tempered. Markets surged further in late October – just as the euro tumbled – in response to strong hints from European Central Bank president Mario Draghi of an increase in stimulus this year. Leading the charge in global equities were the S&P 500, Stoxx600, Nikkei and Hang Seng with respective total returns of +8.4%, +8.1%, +9.7% and +8.8%; with the FTSE 100 delivering 5.2%.


The Dustin R. Womble Basketball Center, a significant milestone in the Campaign for Fearless Champions, will be located directly across from United Supermarkets Arena on Indiana Avenue.
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC) faculty, staff and students celebrated a Topping – Out Ceremony as the last beam for the Lubbock construction projects was placed atop the Academic Event Center Dec. 14.
Angelo State University has installed its latest piece of public art, an interactive sculpture titled "Cube-i," which now sits next to the new Health and Human Services Building in the center of the ASU campus.
The J.T. & Margaret Talkington College of Visual & Performing Arts, Theatre & Dance Complex is a $23 million, 52,727-square-foot two-story addition of the existing Maedgen Theatre building on the TTU campus.
During my time as Vice Chancellor of Facilities Planning & Construction I have thoroughly enjoyed managing our team and our projects from a new perspective. I am grateful to work alongside our FP&C team and our partners, all of whom embody excellence and integrity.
We are fortunate to be experiencing a time of tremendous growth in the Texas Tech System, and we have even more on the horizon under the leadership of Chancellor Mitchell, who also serves as president of the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. As our institutions grow their programs, expand their student bodies, and elevate their overall prominence, we are presented with the opportunity and the demand for continued capital growth and improvements.
At present, FP&C is managing 32 active projects across our system institutions. The Public Art Program now has 254 objects in its collection and has recently added two pieces to the campus of Angelo State University and our inaugural piece in the Permian Basin. In March we will install four new public art pieces that will continue to enrich our campuses. At the end of February, we cut the ribbon on TTUHSC's Permian Basin Academic Facility, which centrally expands programmatic space by 51,000 GSF. In support of the Texas Tech Athletics Campaign for Fearless Champions, we recently broke ground on the highly-anticipated Dustin R. Womble Basketball Center– a first-class training facility to match the first-class men's and women's basketball programs.
We are actively working on the renovation of two iconic landmarks on the TTU campus – Weeks Hall and the Dairy Barn. We continue work on the $99 million Lubbock Education, Research and Technology + West expansion project at TTUHSC Lubbock, the largest capital project since the campus was founded. At ASU, we are beginning work on the Mayer Museum, and at TTUHSC El Paso we are continuing construction of the Medical Science Building II and developing the facility needs for the future Woody L. Hunt School of Dental Medicine.
It is a busy, historical and exciting time for FP&C. We are privileged to be a part of the remarkable growth taking place in the TTU System, and we look forward to working with our stakeholders and partners on our numerous capital projects to ensure our institutions continue to be on the leading edge of higher education, research and service.


45 mm microblasted titanium case, carbon fiber bezel with titanium occlusions, sapphire crystal with anti-reflective treatment, sapphire dial with satin-finished rhodium-plated appliques and hands with black luminescent, red chronograph second and minute counter hands, HUB1241 UNICO manufacture self-winding chronograph flyback movement with column wheel, approximately 72 hours of power reserve, black rubber and grey schedoni leather strap with red stitching, additional black alcantara leather strap included, black PVD titanium deployant buckle with carbon insert. Water resistant to 100 meters.
45 mm titanium case, black and red composite resin end pieces, titanium bezel, sapphire crystal with anti-reflective treatment, sapphire dial with Ferrari applique, rhodium-plated and faceted polished, aluminum APS, microblasted, black nickel hands, Unico self-winding movement with flyback chronograph with column wheel and date, approximately 72 hours of power reserve, black rubber and alcantara strap with red stitching, titanium deployant buckle. Water resistant to 100 meters.


text:
Springfield, IL »
Springfield Rap / Hip Hop
Springfield Rap / Hip Hop Concerts
Springfield will be having a list of Rap / Hip Hop concerts that you can see in the lineup below. You can RSVP in Facebook, take a look at show details and purchase tickets for the following Rap / Hip Hop events coming to Springfield. Concert Fix offers a 100 percent money-back guarantee for all tickets to the Rap / Hip Hop shows in Springfield. For new announcements of Rap / Hip Hop events in Springfield, visit our Facebook page. The Rap / Hip Hop performance calendar for Springfield is always revised, so visit this page often for an up-to-date list of the Rap / Hip Hop events coming to the city of Springfield.
948 tickets left starting from $25.00
I Love The 90s: Vanilla Ice, Naughty by Nature, Bone Thugs N Harmony & Tone Loc
Venue: Illinois State Fairgrounds - Grandstand
Featuring: Naughty by Nature | Bone Thugs N Harmony | I Love The 90s | All-4-one | Tone Loc | Vanilla Ice
Springfield Rap / Hip Hop Concert Information
Tickets for all Springfield Rap / Hip Hop concerts are covered with a 100% moneyback guarantee.
Springfield remains one of the best locations for Rap / Hip Hop concert tours in America.
Schedule for the Rap / Hip Hop concerts in Springfield is updated up to the minute.
These next Rap / Hip Hop concerts is going to be some of the most popular Springfield Rap / Hip Hop concerts in a long time.
Sangamon Auditorium and Illinois State Fairgrounds - Grandstand both have tons of Rap / Hip Hop concert events scheduled.
Springfield so far has a massive list of Rap / Hip Hop concert tours entering Springfield in the coming weeks. Many of Rap / Hip Hop music's top tours are planning on having concerts in Springfield. You cannot miss some of the Rap / Hip Hop concert excitement that Springfield has to offer at some of the most magnificant venues in the country. Just see the list here for all the future Springfield Rap / Hip Hop concerts. Our Springfield concert schedule is refreshed daily in case their are any modifications.
Springfield concert filters
Springfield Venues and nearby cities
Illinois State Fairgrounds - Grandstand Sangamon Auditorium Boondocks
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Jacksonville Decatur Bloomington Peoria

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Leading hotel sector magazine and online hub Hospitalitynet has published an in-depth article on lighting and energy by SaveMoneyCutCarbon CEO Mark Sait.
The article is the first of a regular series of columns by Mark in the influential magazine, focusing on energy saving and water management in the challenging environment of hotels.
Energy savings through LED lighting is the focus and Mark offers clear and experience advice on the best ways for hotels to negotiate the complex terrain of lighting retrofit to maximise return on investment.
As Mark advises in his first column: "Hotels present one of the biggest business challenges when the focus is on saving energy and the complexities of implementing a successful, sustainable efficiency strategy are immense.
"It's a business that never sleeps and there is a constantly changing footfall of guests with often high levels of staff turnover, which means that it is difficult often to maintain a high level of staff knowledge and practice around energy efficiency.


THIS weekend should have gone down in history. Friday, March 29, 2019 was supposed to be the date that we finally left the clutches of the European Union and pursued a bright future as a self-governing nation.
Having delayed our leaving date, it instead marked another day of national humiliation for our country. Some 17.4 million people chose to leave the EU in the biggest act of democracy in our country's history. Yet since then the Prime Minister and government ministers have treated this instruction as a damage-limitation exercise rather than as an opportunity to be embraced.
That's why the deal the PM struck with Brussels is so one-sided.
It forces us to pay £39billion without securing any sort of trade deal in return, and it imperils the precious union between Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
I could not support a deal which prioritises the needs and wishes of the EU at the expense of the constitutional integrity of this country.
MPs voted in January for the Prime Minister to secure significant and legally binding changes to the deal so that we could reassure our friends in Northern Ireland. No changes or "alternative arrangements" have been forthcoming.
And tomorrow in Parliament, Remain MPs plan to pounce again.
Faced with a weak Government that does not believe in Brexit, they plan to reverse centuries of parliamentary traditions to get their way by forcing a vote on keeping the UK inside the European customs union.
One of the reasons people voted to leave the EU is so that we could have the freedom to strike trade deals with countries outside the EU. Staying locked into the customs union prevents this.
And by being outside the EU but part of the customs union, we would be bound by the EU's rules and regulations without having a right to change or influence them.
The fifth largest economy in the world would have its tariffs and regulatory policies determined elsewhere and could have no say at all! My party promised the country we would leave the customs union and single market. A vote to remain inside the customs union would make a mockery of our pledges, destroy trust in Parliament, politics and in our democracy.
As MPs consume themselves with the frenzy of indicative votes and the puerile political leadership manoeuvring of many government ministers, out in the real world the UK economy enjoys strong fundamentals despite Brexit uncertainties.
We as a country need to build on these solid foundations as a free, sovereign nation, outside of the sclerotic, economically draining shackles of the EU.
It really is time for firm leadership and we need to have the confidence to recognise that Britain can make a success of its future. As a beacon of free global trade, a country that is open to world markets, no longer restrained by having to tiptoe around EU rules which currently prevent us from supporting British businesses and British jobs, MPs must show the leadership our country desperately needs.
That means standing up to the insular Westminster mafia trying to reverse and reinterpret the referendum result, now so profoundly out of touch with the voters.
We are witnessing an unprecedented moment in public life - the moment when democracy has become maligned by elected politicians who think they know better than the very people who were elected as their representatives.
By saying no to a customs union tomorrow, we elected representatives can do the right thing and honour the optimistic vision spelt out to us by the British people in the 2016 referendum.


text:
Q: Storage blob delete-batch to delete all blobs excluding two directories with similar names Thanks to the answer by @Jim Xu I've gotten far, but I remain with the following issue. I want to delete all files except those in the folder data and cms.
Current files
  - cms/a2907135_1800x900.jpg
  - cms/c1964f4e_1800x900.jpg
  - css/app.9e1921c7.css
  - css/chunk-vendors.4bdbfeab.css
  - css/pageContent.88886da1.css
  - data/themes.json
  - data/website.json
  - data_old/downloads.json
  - data_old/staff.json
  - data_old/themes.json
  - data_old/website.json
  - img/flags.5fa419a7.png
  - img/star/favicon.ico
  - img/via/favicon.ico
  - img/via/favicon.png
  - img/via/mask-icon.svg
  - img/via/touch-icon-ipad-retina.png
  - img/via/touch-icon-ipad.png
  - img/via/touch-icon-iphone-retina.png
  - img/via/touch-icon-iphone.png
  - index.html
  - js/app.136c0496.js
  - js/app.136c0496.js.map
  - js/chunk-vendors.2dcffb72.js
  - js/chunk-vendors.2dcffb72.js.map
  - js/pageContent.55ebca01.js
  - js/pageContent.55ebca01.js.map
  - js/pageHome.e085832d.js
  - js/pageHome.e085832d.js.map
  - js/pageNotFound.e5d65257.js
  - js/pageNotFound.e5d65257.js.map
  - robots.txt

Using az storage blob delete-batch to delete the files with the pattern --pattern '[!data&&!cms]*' results in the following files to delete
  - img/flags.5fa419a7.png
  - img/star/favicon.ico
  - img/via/favicon.ico
  - img/via/favicon.png
  - img/via/mask-icon.svg
  - img/via/touch-icon-ipad-retina.png
  - img/via/touch-icon-ipad.png
  - img/via/touch-icon-iphone-retina.png
  - img/via/touch-icon-iphone.png
  - index.html
  - js/app.136c0496.js
  - js/app.136c0496.js.map
  - js/chunk-vendors.2dcffb72.js
  - js/chunk-vendors.2dcffb72.js.map
  - js/pageContent.55ebca01.js
  - js/pageContent.55ebca01.js.map
  - js/pageHome.e085832d.js
  - js/pageHome.e085832d.js.map
  - js/pageNotFound.e5d65257.js
  - js/pageNotFound.e5d65257.js.map
  - robots.txt

The folder data_old and css are not deleted. This is probably because of the [] used (the normally glob as or) so data_old and css are matched. But how can I delete them as well? I've tried --pattern '(!data&&!cms)*' and --pattern '!data&&!cms*' without any success.

A: That might be a hard task to do for az storage blob delete-batch. The supported patterns are limited to '*', '?', '[seq]', and '[!seq]', which are found at Pythons fnmatch module, and might not be enough for your usecase.
Instead, you could write an Azure PowerShell script to do this for you. There are alot of handy Az.Storage management cmdlets you can use to do this task.
Demo:
$storageAccountName = "STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME"
$storageAccountKey = "STORAGE_ACCOUNT_KEY"

$container = "web"
$foldersToKeep = "data", "cms"

$storageContext = New-AzStorageContext -StorageAccountName $storageAccountName -StorageAccountKey $storageAccountKey

Get-AzStorageBlob -Context $storageContext -Container $container -Blob * | ForEach-Object {
    $contents = $_.Name.Split("/")
    if ($contents.Length -gt 1 -and $contents[0] -notin $foldersToKeep) {
        Write-Host "Deleting $($_.Name)"
        Remove-AzStorageBlob -Container $container -Blob $_.Name -Context $storageContext
    }
}

Which you can also wrap into a function for reusability:
function Remove-AzureBlobsFromFolders {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$Container,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string[]]$ExcludeFolders,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$StorageAccountName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$StorageAccountKey
    )

    $storageContext = New-AzStorageContext `
        -StorageAccountName $StorageAccountName `
        -StorageAccountKey $StorageAccountKey

    Get-AzStorageBlob -Context $storageContext -Container $Container -Blob * | ForEach-Object {
        $contents = $_.Name.Split("/")
        if ($contents.Length -gt 1 -and $contents[0] -notin $ExcludeFolders) {
            Write-Host "Deleting $($_.Name)"
            Remove-AzStorageBlob -Container $Container -Blob $_.Name -Context $storageContext
        }
    }
}

Remove-AzureBlobsFromFolders `
    -Container "web" `
    -ExcludeFolders "data", "cms" `
    -StorageAccountName "STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME" `
    -StorageAccountKey "STORAGE_ACCOUNT_KEY"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Hall of Remembrance at Yad Vashem, the official Holocaust Memorial Museum in Jerusalem, Israel.
This entry was posted on Friday, March 30th, 2012 at 10:14 am	and tagged with Hall of Remembrance, Holocaust, Holocaust Memorial Museum, Jerusalem, Yad Vashem and posted in Uncategorized.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.
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If you're out shopping for wyatt cocktail tables, although it could be simple to be persuaded by a salesman to buy anything aside of your normal design. Therefore, go purchasing with a specific you want. You'll be able to quickly straighten out what works and what does not, and produce narrowing down your options not as difficult.
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No matter the reason, color scheme and style you decide on, you will require the basic furniture to balance your wyatt cocktail tables. Once you have obtained the essentials, you should put smaller decorative furniture. Find art or flowers for the interior is good strategies. You could also need one or more lighting to provide relaxed atmosphere in the space.
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After finding the amount of space you are able to make room for wyatt cocktail tables and where you would like potential parts to move, mark those areas on the floor to get a good match. Coordinate your pieces of furniture and each coffee table in your space should suit the rest. Usually, your space will appear cluttered and thrown together with each other.
Related Post "Wyatt Cocktail Tables"


text:
News Sports Memphis Tigers Business Opinion Obituaries E-Edition Legals
901 Hoops: Mick Cronin praises Penny Hardaway, Grizzlies mull trade scenarios
Khari Thompson Drew Hill
901 Hoops is a weekly newsletter by Commercial Appeal preps writer Khari Thompson and Memphis Tigers basketball beat writer Drew Hill that will highlight the content from the high school, college and professional basketball scene in Memphis every Thursday.
It will include some of the best of the Commercial Appeal's basketball coverage, including recruiting updates and everything else you should know over the course of a week.
901 HOOPS: Sign up to get Memphis basketball news in your inbox every Thursday
End of an era?
As the trade deadline approaches, it is uncertain whether Mike Conley and Marc Gasol will be Grizzlies much longer. Grizzlies beat writer David Cobb breaks down possible trade scenarios and columnist Mark Giannotto touches on what a deadline move would mean for Jaren Jackson Jr.
THE LAST OF MIKE AND MARC?:What does Grizzlies' long farewell to Mike Conley and Marc Gasol mean for Jaren Jackson Jr.?
TRADE SCENARIOS:Memphis Grizzlies: Analyzing Mike Conley, Marc Gasol trade possibilities as deadline nears
REMEMBER WHEN:Grizzlies nearly traded Mike Conley in 2009
Shelby County Schools appeals postseason bans
Shelby County Schools has appealed the TSSAA ruling that left Wooddale, Melrose, and Westwood with two-year postseason bans and $3,500 in fines per school. The appeal will be discussed at a special meeting at TSSAA headquarters on Thursday.
SPECIAL MEETING:Shelby County Schools appeals postseason bans
ANOTHER BRAWL:Adamsville and Scotts Hill fight starts after the game
Tigers take on No. 23 Cincinnati
Memphis takes on Cincinnati Thursday in its fourth game this season against a ranked opponent.
The Bearcats rank No. 23 in the USA Today Coaches Poll, and No. 25 in the AP Top 25.
As always, the 78th matchup all-time between the traditional conference rivals is expected to be a rugged and physical battle.
Earlier this week, Hardaway and Grizzlies assistant coach Nick Van Exel – a former Cincinnati point guard – dissected the dislike between the two programs.
"I don't think this rivalry has gone anywhere since our days in the 90s — every time we locked up people got excited about it — but with (Hardaway) being back, and the fan support, I'm sure it's going to be just as wild as it was back in the day," Van Exel said.
Cronin praises Hardaway, Memphis
Cronin's respect for Penny Hardaway and Memphis first poured out at AAC Media Day in September when he predicted that Hardaway's in-game coaching ability "would not be a problem at all."
The coach continued that praise at his midweek press conference ahead of the game with the Tigers.
Cronin said: "I knew he would be able to recruit. I think the fallacy is people on the outside of our business don't know that he's been coaching. He's been coaching. He was an assistant at Memphis East helping his friend who got sick, unfortunately, before he was a head coach. He also was running an elite summer program, which is a huge part of our world. So not only when you're doing that, or you're running your own program you're also sitting in the lobby with all the guys that run all the programs around the country.
I used to sit in that lobby, a long time ago, I had a full head of hair and I was in my 20s. So, you know, forget all the NBA stuff -- he's connected."
He went on to compliment Memphis as a basketball city in general, claiming "there aren't very many places in this country where they support a pro team and a college team at the level they do."
RECE DAVIS: ESPN College Gameday host explains Penny Hardaway comments
Anthony Miller looking to inspire at Sports Awards
Chicago Bears receiver Anthony Miller, who starred at Christian Brothers and Memphis, is coming back to speak at the Commercial Appeal Sports Awards on May 17th at the Orpheum Theatre. Award nominees and athlete of the week winners will receive tickets. Tickets can also be purchased online for $25.
"It means a lot to me because it's the city that made me who I am and the type of player I am. I think just being from Memphis gives you that edge that a lot of guys don't have," Miller said. "It's only right to come back and show the kids who are in the position I was in that they can do it, too."
SPORTS AWARDS:Former Memphis football star Anthony Miller to inspire at Commercial Appeal Sports Awards


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Academic delegation: The projects of the al-Abbas's (p) Holy Shrine inspire hope and provide service to society.
An academic delegation from Dhi Qar University confirmed that the projects carried out by the al-Abbas's Holy Shrine, with all its specializations, are useful projects that inspire hope and provide service to the Iraqi society, and we have a desire to enhance our cooperation with it.
This delegation was hosted by the al-Abbas's (p) Holy Shrine within the Cultural Forum for Iraqi University Professors, which is supervised by the Division of University and School Relations. The delegation included (29) professors from the College of Education for Sciences at the University and from other colleges. It was headed by the Dean of the College; the Assistant Professor Dr. Emad Abdul Razzaq Salman.
The head of the university activities unit, Mr. Hussein Shaker, explained to the al-Kafeel Network, saying: "This cultural forum for Iraqi university professors lasted for three days and included the Ziyarat and prayer ceremonies in the holy shrines of the Imam al-Hussayn and al-Abbas (peace be upon both of them) and visiting their museums, and delivering lectures on national development and other issues on intellectual arguments. The visiting delegation also had a tour of a number of departments of the al-Abbas's (p) holy shrine, such as visiting its library and manuscript house, its two centers for digital information and manuscript restoration and preservation. "
He added: "The program also included an external tour of a number of projects of the al-Abbas's (p) Holy Shrine, such as the Al-Ameed University, the Khayr Al-Joud Company, where the delegation listened to a detailed explanation by Professor Falah Al-Fattli, Director of the Agricultural Fertilizer Marketing Department, and Engineer Salam Al-Khafaji. Director of the detergents and sterilizers factory in the company, about the manufacture of agricultural fertilizers as well as sterilizers, disinfectants and detergents."
Shaker explained, "The tour also included a visit to both the al-Kafeel technical garage and the Al-Abbas (peace be upon him) residential complex. And then we conducted a visit to the city of the Master of Guardians (peace be upon him), which is affiliated with the Imam al-Hussayn (p) Holy Shrine and the Al-Afaf Shopping Complex of the Al-Abbas's (p) Holy Shrine."
At the conclusion of this tour, the visiting delegation expressed its happiness with this visit, which is hoped to be a step and a point of initiation for opening new horizons for scientific and knowledge cooperation and for the exchange of experiences between the two sides, affirming that this visit has shown the bright image of the al-Abbas's (p) Holy Shrine and gave a positive impression, hoping that such visits will be repeated.


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Notice of Intent to Sole Source 49100419Q1028: Pitchbook Database on Venture Capital and Equity Funding
The National Science Foundation (NSF) intends to negotiate a sole source purchase order with Pitchbook Data for the purchase Pitchbook database on venture capital, in the amount of $22,500.00.
The National Science Foundation (NSF)/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) conducts research and publishes high quality reports on the scope, quality, and vitality of the U.S. and international science and engineering enterprise. One area of importance is venture capital and private equity investment that is critical for commercializing nascent and emerging technologies that originate from scientific research.
NCSES requires comprehensive and accurate data and information on global venture capital and private equity financing, including by country, financing stage, and technology area. NCSES is particularly interested in global patterns of venture and private equity finance by country, technology, and financing stage; the patterns and trends of early stage venture capital financing; and developing indicators of venture capital and or private equity investor interest in technology areas.
Pitchbook has the following set of unique features that meet NCSES requirements. NCSES is not aware of any other global venture capital databases that have the following set of features found in Pitchbook.
Global venture capital data by calendar year from the mid-1990s to 2018 or the most recent year.
Global venture capital and private equity by amount invested in countries based on the location of the portfolio company taking the investment.
Global venture capital financing and private equity by stage of financing.
Global venture and private equity capital with a comprehensive classification by technology area.
Data on venture and/or private equity-backed firms that have ties and/or a relationship to the U.S. academic sector, such as the university attended by founders and/or key personnel of firms and/or firms that originated as start-ups from universities.
Data or indicators on investor interest in technology areas, such as the pre-money valuation of companies prior to an investment or financing.
Data on angel investment financing by such variables as financing stage and technology area.
Comprehensive technical assistance, including generation of customized tabulations and answering queries from NCSES on data, the software tool/platform, and the investor and investment climate.


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A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q-R | S | T | U | V | W | X-Y-Z
Urban Geography
The United States and Canada
Russia and the Republics
Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica
Histories of Animal Geographies
Animals have long had a presence in geography as a discipline. In the modern period, two closely related approaches characterized a distinct study of animals in geography. The first became known as zoogeography and sought to map evolutionary distributions of animals and was closely allied to what was to become a more physical geographical approach, allied with zoology and the (then) emerging disciplines of ecology and biogeography. The other related approach focused more on animal domestication as part of studies of the Neolithic agricultural revolution and of distributions and diffusions of domesticated animals. The latter was referred to as cultural geography but overlapped with cultural ecology (and human ecology in some studies) and became closely associated with archaeology and historical anthropology.
Animal geographies » Historical geography » Human Geography »
Animal Geographies
Great Animal Migrations
Strange Animals Thrive in Harsh Conditions
The Historical Relationship of Anarchism and Geography
How Do Agglomerations Emerge and Develop – Historical Approaches
What about the Excluded? Critical Stances on the Anglo-American Hegemony Thesis
It Is Not Only a Matter of Publishing: The Issue of Access


Cash. Pounds and pence, dollars and cents, yuan and jiao. Physical money has driven economies for thousands of years. But what place does cash have in an increasingly digital world?
We asked leading experts from central banks across the world for their thoughts on cash's place in the wider payments industry.
Vaultex's cash-in-transit (CIT) Optimisation service is designed to reduce the time and costs associated with moving cash. Vaultex's expert team can help you remove unnecessary collections while making sure cash is readily available for your customers.
In this webinar, Vaultex's Dr. Anne Lewis takes a look at how the way people behave affects their choice of payment.
Anne argues that an economic model is not enough to fully predict future consumer payment habits, and that social factors have an important influence on whether people reach for notes or cards.
In a year that saw the introduction of two major pieces of UK currency, Vaultex continued to provide an industry leading service to our customers. Our people-focused culture allows us to develop new solutions and better ways of doing things. We continue to make sure cash remains a universal and inclusive payment method – and one that offers great value to businesses.
At Vaultex, we provide a positive, productive and constructive environment where new ideas and talented people can flourish.
Vaultex is committed to paying the Living Wage - calculated each year based on what employees and their families need to live.
From our industry leading new products and services, to the unparalleled accuracy and efficiency of our services, Vaultex leads the way in the cash management industry.
Vaultex is one of the UK's leading cash processors. Our mission is to deliver best-in-class integrated cash management to our customers.
Using state-of-the-art technology, we process and supply billions of notes every year.
We process coins for customers across the UK – and we developed an innovative extraction process for the Royal Mint.
From cash management strategy to efficient and effective processes across the cash cycle, we can help you work smarter.
Our end-to-end ATM Managed Service combines cassette packing, cash in transit and maintenance.
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Georg Blume and Kristin Kupfer left from Lhasa train station in Tibet in the early hours of 20 March. In so doing they became the last two foreign journalists to leave Tibet after being forced out by the Chinese authorities.
'If they don't have anything to hide, then why are they making foreign journalists leave? It's clear that they don't want any witnesses,'said Vincent Brossel, who heads Reporters Without Borders' Asia desk, according to the Associated Press.
Without journalists on the ground, news media rely heavily upon telephoning contacts within Lhasa, mobile phone images, and video uploaded to the internet, along with eyewitness accounts that appear on blogs and microblogs like Twitter. While much of this information is difficult to substantiate for many journalists, it's the digital world itself which proves impossible to navigate.
This wasn't a problem for Robin Hamman, a former BBC journalist who now works for the social-media consultancy Headshift. When a series of bomb blasts struck Jaipur, India, in May, he used a tool called Tweetscan – www.tweetscan.com – to search thousands of users of the microblogging service Twitter to find an eyewitness on the ground.
'Within a couple of minutes of the first of several bomb explosions in Jaipur, Tweetscan helped me find an eyewitness who was 'Tweeting'as he searched for his mother, and dodged bombs exploding as close as 20ft away".
Users can subscribe to the search results on Tweetscan as an RSS feed. This means you only search once and receive a notification whenever anything new happens, as it happens. The exact same 'search and subscribe'process can be used across blogs, photo, and video sharing websites, as well as mainstream media aggregators.
The more specific the keyword, the more relevant the information you receive. For example, an RSS feed on the keyword 'China'is going to result in every Olympics build-up story, student blog entry and holiday snap finding its way into your newsfeed. Whereas a search on the name of the swimmer 'Wu Peng'will reduce the noise-to-signal ratio needed to make efficient use of this method of newsgathering.
This is one of the key methods I teach on the Frontline Club Blogging & Beyond training course. Be sure to use speech marks ('") to 'anchor'any phrases or names that contain more than one word. Here is a short list of some sites worth using when news breaks and you need to follow events closely.
Flickr – subscribe to the RSS feed of 'tags'used to describe pictures.
Silobreaker – aggregates 'approximately 10,000 news, blog, research and multimedia sources".
Google Video – search and subscribe here and receive results from Google Video or YouTube.
Technorati, Icerocket and Google Blogsearch – these are blog search engines and you can subscribe to an RSS feed of search results.
Delicious – This is a social bookmarking system. Subscribing to a keyword tag within Delicious allows you to effectively tap into the collective online research of thousands of people.
Google News – Aggregates 4,500+ sources.
Of course, not every tool is useful for every story. For example, during the protests in Burma in September 2007, Twitter was not used at all from inside the country. Whereas a service called CBox, which is popular in Asia, was used to relay eyewitness accounts to the wider world. However, a search through all these services should help you keep ahead of the pack if, as is increasingly the case, the news breaks somewhere online first.


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Call to remove export barriers
By Staff Reporter | The Express Tribune Dec 15, 2022
As agricultural goods export to China grows, stakeholders have urged the government to help farmers improve their capacity and remove the logistics and regulatory barriers.
Exports of agricultural products to China increased by 28.59% year-on-year and reached $730 million in January-August 2022, according to the Chinese Customs data.
Pakistan Businesses Vice President Jahanara Wattoo anticipated that exports of Pakistan's farm produce to China would surge to a record high of $1 billion in 2022.
"Though the farmers are hard-working who toil in fields in scorching heat, we lack access to modern technologies and latest research and development work," she said. "That's the hinderance."
Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry's (FPCCI) Pakistan- China Business Council head Javaid Ilyas, while talking to The Express Tribune, called China a massive market for Pakistan's export goods.
"China is near and we have friendly relations. Many agricultural products including apple, peach, Gawar Phali (cluster beans), etc have good demand in China," he said.
Gawar Phali is produced only in India and Pakistan and is used in a number of products ranging from shampoos to silky textile prints to ice creams to noodles.
"We face hidden regulatory barriers," he said, adding that Pakistan should also expand its products variety as the list did not exceed a dozen items.
"We cannot benefit from the access we have got to China unless the government helps and encourages all sectors as it does in the case of textile industry."
Explaining the barriers, Ilyas said that China was demanding hot water-treated fruits but Pakistan didn't have enough such plants. Similarly, "they ask for seedless kinnow, which we cannot supply."
"Over the last couple of years, there has been a visible increase in agricultural product exports to China, but the potential is still huge," said Wattoo.