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Blog > The Maximal Lifespan of Patterns in Conway's Game of Life
The Maximal Lifespan of Patterns in Conway's Game of Life
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In a couple of recent posts, I argued that random patterns in Conway's Game of Life tend, on average, to live longest when they have an initial density of 37.5% cells being alive. In this post, rather than looking at the distribution of the average lifespan for various initial densities, I will fix the density at 37.5% and look at the distribution of lifespans that results, and use that to estimate what the maximal lifespan of any small pattern is (as in my previous posts, I will use 20×20 starting patterns). As before, I will explore both the case when we simulate Life on a torus and when we simulate it on an infinite plane.
Lifespan Distribution on a Torus
After simulating 175000 random patterns on a 20×20 torus, the distribution of the lifespans was as follows:
The bins in the graph have a width of 10, and the peak occurs in the lifespan 91 – 100 bin. Some other interesting stats include:
Maximum observed lifespan: 2092
Minimum observed lifespan: 14
Average lifespan: 210
Median lifespan: 164
Standard deviation of lifespan: 159.3
In order to try to estimate the longest lifespan of any pattern on a 20×20 torus, I will assume that if the lifespan is above 100, then it follows an exponential distribution, which appears to be a reasonable assumption given the above histogram. Indeed, this leads to the following histogram, which has the exponential of best fit overlaid in black. The equation of the exponential is y = 9088.7(0.938)x, and the R2 value is 0.997 (that's one heck of a good fit).
Now that we have our exponential of best fit, we can get an estimate of the maximal lifespan in this scenario by assuming that the lifespan of the 220*20 different patterns are independent of each other (this may not be a particularly good assumption, as two patterns, for example, will have the same lifespan if they are translations of each other — nonetheless it seems that the number of reductions that can be made by symmetry arguments like that is tiny compared to the total number of such patterns, so let's roll with it). We then set
and solve for x to get a maximal lifespan of x = 4474. This seems believable and not particularly shocking to me given the statistics that I listed earlier.
Lifespan Distribution on a Plane
Typically, Life enthusiasts are more interested in results on the infinite plane than on a torus, as it leads to behaviour that is much more chaotic and unpredictable. For example, even though we just saw that the longest-lived 20×20 pattern on a torus likely lives for less than 4500 generations, there is a known 9×15 pattern that lives on the plane for over 29000 generations. We will now proceed analogously to the torus discussion above to see how much better we can reasonably expect to do. We begin with the distribution of the lifespan based on 60000 initial 20×20 patterns:
The bins in the graph have a width of 50, and the peak occurs in the lifespan 151 – 200 bin. The other basic stats are listed below, and as we would expect, the average lifespan and the standard deviation of lifespans are both much greater on the plane than they are on the torus.
Maximum observed lifespan: 13612
The main difference with the analysis in this situation is that instead of assuming the lifespan itself follows an exponential distribution, I will assume that some power of the lifespan follows an exponential distribution; the reason for this is that the R2 is quite low if we try to fit an exponential to the distribution of the lifespans itself. Fitting an exponential to lifespan0.75 seems to give the maximum R2 value (0.9857), so this is what I will use. The following histogram shows the curve of best fit, which has the equation y = 1854.6(0.957)x, where this time x = lifespan0.75.
Finally, we follow our method from before and set
and solve for x to get a maximal lifespan of x = 120795. Of course, this number should be taken with a grain of salt, because that pattern I mentioned earlier that has a lifespan of over 29000 generations was found during a simulation of a whopping 12 billion 20×20 patterns, while our equation of best fit tells us that after 12 billion patterns, we would expect only to see a pattern with lifespan 6206 (when really it should only take about 400 patterns to see such a lifespan). Similarly, in the longest-lived patterns found by the Online Life-Like CA Soup Search, a pattern has been found with lifespan 24389. According to our formula, we should have to look at roughly 9 million billion billion billion soups before finding such a pattern, but only 40 million soups have actually been searched.
This all seems to suggest that the longest-lived pattern in a 20×20 box may in fact live considerably longer than 120000 generations, which goes to show just how in the dark we are when it comes to some of these simple questions — since the search space is so unimaginably huge, we likely will never know for sure what the true upper limit is.
Lifespan raw data and graphs [.zip of an Excel spreadsheet — 2.91MB]
Lifespan recorder scripts [.zip of two Golly Python scripts]
Tags: Coding, Conway's Game of Life, Python
Elithrion
August 3rd, 2009 at 14:58	| #1
I have some qualms about the estimate (going to focus specifically on the plane one).
For one thing, it's not very stable – switching the exponent applied from 0.75 up to 0.8, for example, reduces the R^2 by only 0.79 (to 0.978), which is still a perfectly legitimate result, but changes the equation to y=1550.4e^(-0.032x), which results in a maximal lifespan estimate of just 86371. Conversely, choosing 0.7 (and discarding some data so excel would be able to make an exponential trendline) gets you a lifespan of 152820.
For another, I have to wonder if your improvement in R^2 from going to 0.75 is not largely the result of the aforementioned discarding of data. Using the same dataset (as is chosen by default in the sheet), but with an exponent of 1 gets me R^2=0.9475, which is worse, but by no means terrible. Specifically, it would seem to me the data thus discarded suggests that the tail is thinner than the distribution would suggest, which would lead me to expect a lower maximum than these projections predict.
Finally, I'm somewhat leery of casually applying a continuous distribution to a discrete data set like this. It would be nice to try fitting some discrete distributions to it (notably Poisson, which is highly related to the exponential anyway) to see if any of them work well. Although I'm unaware of a program that would do this for me, so this is staying at the level of speculation for now.
(I'm also not entirely convinced by the assumption of independence, especially for the plane. Although one potential way to look at the matter is that if the exponential distribution applies to it, then the assumption probably holds, and if it does not, neither does the assumption.)
August 4th, 2009 at 23:19	| #2
@Elithrion – Those are all quite valid concerns, and while I was aware that the results on a plane aren't really good for much of anything besides a bit of fun in Excel and maybe suggesting that we are a long way from the true longest-lived pattern, I perhaps didn't make that as clear as I intended to.
The problem essentially comes down to the fact that I'm trying to extrapolate from a data set (and it's quite an extrapolation, I might add!), which we of course know is something you have to be very careful when doing (and I wasn't).
As you mentioned, the tail seems to be decreasing faster than an exponential distribution, which makes it difficult to fit a curve to. I looked as several other distributions (such as Poisson, which decreases much too quickly, and weird distributions like a Weibull, which doesn't decrease quickly enough) before settling on the modified exponential. I was really excited after seeing the torus results because it just seems like an exponential should describe the lifespan frequencies — I'm a little curious and would be very excited to see a distribution that works better on the plane.
I don't really see why fitting a continuous distribution to a discrete one would be a problem though – if you just restrict a continuous distribution to the integers, you get a discrete distribution that behaves essentially the same way. This sort of thing is done quite often in statistics (probably most frequently when approximating a binomial distribution by a normal distribution).
As for independence – yeah, that's a toughy, and independence is probably a bit of a stretch on the plane. While I'm fairly comfortable with the assumption of "almost independence" for the majority of low-lifespan patterns, it gets harder to picture what's happening for high-lifespan patterns, and it's quite possible (probable, even), that the independence assumption bumped up my maximal lifespan estimate by a fair bit.
Well, with regards to discrete vs continuous I was mostly concerned with the edges, which arguably showed up as being weird in the distribution at the left side. I suppose it's not as big of a deal with the right side since it stretches out to infinity, so I withdraw that and admit that complaint was a bit silly.
But hmm… what about just an arbitrary polynomial (or more complex equation) fit? I need to go learn non-parametric statistics, I think.
(Also, when I wrote "reduces the R^2 by only 0.79" I clearly meant "by only 0.0079" >.>)
Life of Art | Life of a Walnut
Sylvester's Law of Inertia and *-Congruence A Brief Introduction to the Multiplicative Domain and its Role in Quantum Error Correction


The Red Hot Flames are proud to announce that as well as competing at the 2016 Dance Worlds, our senior pom team will be competing as Team England Freestyle Pom in the ICU World Championships 2016. We are so pleased that we will be the last club team who perform at ICU for England and we can't wait to do our country, and our bid awarding event producer ICC, proud at both of these prestigious events. The team are working hard to return to Orlando with a strong, energetic and effective routine which will dazzle the international audience and judges!


Last years were a bit tough here. Deal with two kids is not easy, apart from the other common stuff in real life. Most of times the day becomes in a little struggle against the elements and, if you're not adequately prepared, to fall down is the easiest way to end the battle.
Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (or BJJ), is a martial art designed for weaker people. I could share with you tons of words about how it is, how easy is to win against someone bigger and stronger than you... but in the end you should try it (Jiu Jitsu Lugo, wink wink) to just understand (and enjoy).
Apart from that, there are other so many lessons (as important as the combat itself) useful for real life. One of my favourites - tbh the main reason to write this words - is how to push your endurance limit a bit further in every training. Once you reach a very unfavorable position, in that moment when you can not see the way out, there is one thing you always can do: hold and resist.
Maybe first time you only can hold for 5 or 10 secs but once you learn how to suffer, you can reach the point where your opponent thinks that he's not able to finish that way and will try to change the technique. Your turn.
Same happens in real life. Adverse factors are not eternal. Just try it out.


USAM Managed IT services provide an effective combination of people, processes, and tools to ensure that your IT infrastructure is always up and running.
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The intersection of Yonge Street and St. Clair Avenue marks the southern end of Deer Park, which stretches to the east and west to Avenue and Mt. Pleasant Roads, respectively. The intersection is a commercial centre featuring several office buildings as well as a series of shops, services and restaurants. The area is served by the St. Clair subway station, which is also the terminus of the St. Clair streetcar right-of-way.
You can experience life in a Bethlehem Market in at Christ Church Deer Park, which is holding its annual Holy & Holly Christmas Festival on Nov. 17.


Saving a "Lookup by Example"
I have a particular "Lookup by Example" that I do very often in which I always specify the same Value X from dropdownBox A, and the same Value Y from DropdownBox B. Is there a way to save this lookup and, somehow, create a shortcut so I don't have to repeat these same steps?
Re: Saving a "Lookup by Example"
I suggest you to create an advanced query instead a lookup by example and save it. Once you saved it, you can create a custom command. Then you could put it in your toolbar or in a specific menu.


Obama's Urban Czar: Green Visionary Or Greedy Pol?
I've long thought that the recently announced Office of Urban Policy will be one of the most exciting places to work in Barack Obama's administration. The as-of-yet unconfirmed reports that Bronx borough president Adolfo Carrion will head the newest part of the executive branch suggests that it could also be among the greenest.
I caught up with Carrion in July, while producing a short film on green building. We met outside Melrose Commons, an affordable housing development in the Bronx that is uber-friendly to the environment, in terms of energy consumption, water use and indoor air quality. (This is important to the Bronx in particular because it has among the highest rates of juvenile asthma, as well as being the poorest congressional district in America). Melrose Commons is small--only 81 units--but residents will pay next to nothing in electric bills, and consequently there is a long waiting list to qualify for similar housing. (Meet one lucky green tenant at the 6:00 mark in the video).


THE ALBUMS "ONE" AND "RETROSONIC" ARE AVAILABLE AT RHAPSODY, MEDIA NET, SPOTIFY, ITUNES AND GOOGLE PLAY. Worx was formed in B'ham, AL in 1981 by four students from Berry High School. After a few years of playing in the local club scene, local radio station owner Bernard "Bernie" Dittman booked Worx to play for the Mark & Brian Show at the huge water-filled rock quarry known as Blue Water. Dittman had put Worx on the radar and the band began enjoying the "fruits" of success. Several years later Worx relocated and operates out of Mobile, AL and has had local radio play with their debut album "One". Their new album "Retrosonic" has put them at the forefront of regional bands in the southeastern region playing as a main-stage act as well as opening up for Filter and Godsmack at BayFest 2013.


The legendary music of John Williams performed live by the Houston Symphony!
John Williams has scored more classics than we can count - from Star Wars to Jurassic Park to Indiana Jones. We can't wait to have every triumphant tune stuck in our head in the weeks to follow. Note that the films will not be played on the screens along with the music.


Join us for a fun group bike ride to the Playa Vista neighborhood.
The ride is a relaxed, fun ride, along the ballona creek bike path.
We'll ride to the Playa Vista neighborhood where we will do a short walking tour of the development with urban designers associated with the project. We'll also have time to pick up a snack or drink at the local eateries.
We will depart back along the bike path and return to the Helms Design Center.
Donations go to the New Urbanism Film Festival.


Trans Am Totem & Our Beautiful West Coast Thing Thursday, March 21, 7–9 p.m.
cedar tree, was installed in Vancouver as part of the Biennale in 2015.
Date: Thursday, March 21, 7–9 p.m.
Important faculty notices for February!
The Faculty PD Committee invites interested regular and non-regular faculty members to apply for Professional Development Funding for activities taking place from April 2019 until Sept 2019. The application deadline is Sunday, March 17 2019. Please see the Forms tab on this site for details.
2) Applications for John Wilson Awards - extended to Feb 15th.
Applications for the Spring 2019 John Wilson Award have been extended to February 15, 2019. Please see the Forms tab on this site for details.
3) Paid Educational Leave Information: Coming soon!
"Universities are becoming so large, so complex, and so dependent upon public funds that scholars no longer form or even influence their own policy, that a new and rapidly growing class of administrators is assuming control, and that a gulf of misunderstanding and misapprehension is widening between the academic staff and the administrative personnel, with grave damage to the functioning of both.".....from the the Duff-Berdahl Commission Report.


text:
namespace hector_pose_estimation {

class SystemModel : public Model {
public:
  virtual ~SystemModel() {}

  virtual bool init(PoseEstimation& estimator, System &system, State& state) { return true; }

  enum SystemTypeEnum { UNKNOWN_SYSTEM_TYPE, TIME_DISCRETE, TIME_CONTINUOUS };
  virtual SystemTypeEnum getSystemType() const { return UNKNOWN_SYSTEM_TYPE; }

  virtual SystemStatus getStatusFlags(const State& state) { return SystemStatus(0); }
  virtual bool active(const State& state) { return true; }

  virtual void getPrior(State &state) {}

  virtual bool prepareUpdate(State& state, double dt) { return true; }
  virtual void afterUpdate(State& state) {}

  virtual bool limitState(State& state) { return true; }
};

namespace traits {

  template <class Derived, int _VectorDimension = Derived::VectorDimension, int _CovarianceDimension = _VectorDimension>
  struct SystemModel {
    enum { VectorDimension = _VectorDimension };
    enum { CovarianceDimension = _CovarianceDimension };

    typedef State::Vector StateVector;
    typedef State::Covariance NoiseVariance;
    typedef State::SystemMatrix SystemMatrix;

    enum { InputDimension = traits::Input<Derived>::Dimension };
    typedef typename traits::Input<Derived>::Type   InputType;
    typedef typename traits::Input<Derived>::Vector InputVector;
    typedef typename Matrix_<State::Covariance::RowsAtCompileTime,InputDimension>::type InputMatrix;

    typedef SubState_<VectorDimension,CovarianceDimension> SubState;
    typedef typename ColumnVector_<VectorDimension>::type Vector;

    typedef typename SubState::VectorSegment VectorSegment;
    typedef typename SubState::CovarianceBlock CovarianceBlock;
    typedef typename SubState::CrossVarianceBlock CrossVarianceBlock;
    typedef Block<SystemMatrix,VectorDimension,SystemMatrix::ColsAtCompileTime> SystemMatrixBlock;

    typedef typename SubState::ConstVectorSegment ConstVectorSegment;
    typedef typename SubState::ConstCovarianceBlock ConstCovarianceBlock;
    typedef typename SubState::ConstCrossVarianceBlock ConstCrossVarianceBlock;
    typedef Block<const SystemMatrix,VectorDimension,SystemMatrix::ColsAtCompileTime> ConstSystemMatrixBlock;
  };

  #define SYSTEM_MODEL_TRAIT(Derived, _VectorDimension, _CovarianceDimension) \
    typedef traits::SystemModel<Derived, _VectorDimension, _CovarianceDimension> trait; \
    \
    enum { VectorDimension = trait::VectorDimension }; \
    enum { CovarianceDimension = trait::CovarianceDimension }; \
    \
    typedef typename trait::StateVector   StateVector; \
    typedef typename trait::NoiseVariance NoiseVariance; \
    typedef typename trait::SystemMatrix  SystemMatrix; \
    \
    enum { InputDimension = trait::InputDimension }; \
    typedef typename trait::InputType     InputType; \
    typedef typename trait::InputVector   InputVector; \
    typedef typename trait::InputMatrix   InputMatrix; \
    \
    typedef typename trait::SubState SubState; \
    typedef typename trait::Vector Vector; \
    \
    typedef typename trait::VectorSegment VectorSegment; \
    typedef typename trait::CovarianceBlock CovarianceBlock; \
    typedef typename trait::CrossVarianceBlock CrossVarianceBlock; \
    typedef typename trait::SystemMatrixBlock SystemMatrixBlock; \
    \
    typedef typename trait::ConstVectorSegment ConstVectorSegment; \
    typedef typename trait::ConstCovarianceBlock ConstCovarianceBlock; \
    typedef typename trait::ConstCrossVarianceBlock ConstCrossVarianceBlock; \
    typedef typename trait::ConstSystemMatrixBlock ConstSystemMatrixBlock; \

} // namespace traits

template <class Derived, int _VectorDimension = Dynamic, int _CovarianceDimension = _VectorDimension>
class SystemModel_ : public SystemModel {
public:
  SYSTEM_MODEL_TRAIT(Derived, _VectorDimension, _CovarianceDimension)
  virtual ~SystemModel_() {}

  virtual SystemModel::SystemTypeEnum getSystemType() const { return SystemModel::TIME_DISCRETE; }

  virtual void getPrior(State &state);

  Derived *derived() { return static_cast<Derived *>(this); }
  const Derived *derived() const { return static_cast<const Derived *>(this); }

  virtual void getExpectedDiff(StateVector& x_diff, const State& state, double dt);
  virtual void getStateJacobian(SystemMatrix& A, const State& state, double dt, bool init = true);
  virtual void getInputJacobian(InputMatrix& B, const State& state, double dt, bool init = true);
  virtual void getSystemNoise(NoiseVariance& Q, const State& state, double dt, bool init = true);
};

template <class Derived, int _VectorDimension = Dynamic, int _CovarianceDimension = _VectorDimension>
class TimeContinuousSystemModel_ : public SystemModel_<Derived, _VectorDimension, _CovarianceDimension> {
public:
  SYSTEM_MODEL_TRAIT(Derived, _VectorDimension, _CovarianceDimension)

  TimeContinuousSystemModel_();
  virtual ~TimeContinuousSystemModel_();

  virtual SystemModel::SystemTypeEnum getSystemType() const { return SystemModel::TIME_CONTINUOUS; }

  virtual void getDerivative(StateVector& x_dot, const State& state);
  virtual void getStateJacobian(SystemMatrix& A, const State& state, bool init = true);
  virtual void getInputJacobian(InputMatrix& B, const State& state, bool init = true);
  virtual void getSystemNoise(NoiseVariance& Q, const State& state, bool init = true);

  // the overwritten time discrete model functions are implemented in system_model.inl
  void getExpectedDiff(StateVector& x_diff, const State& state, double dt);
  void getStateJacobian(SystemMatrix& A, const State& state, double dt, bool init = true);
  void getInputJacobian(InputMatrix& B, const State& state, double dt, bool init = true);
  void getSystemNoise(NoiseVariance& Q, const State& state, double dt, bool init = true);

private:
  struct internal;
  struct internal *internal_;
};

} // namespace hector_pose_estimation

#include "system_model.inl"

#endif // HECTOR_POSE_ESTIMATION_SYSTEM_MODEL_H

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Nelipić Katalin  (, ? – Rmanj, 1439), horvát nemesasszony, Ivaniš Nelipić cetini gróf lánya, Frangepán VI. János horvát bán felesége.

Élete
Ivaniš Nelipić cetinai gróf, és az ismeretlen családból származó Erzsébet lánya. Szüleinek rajta kívül egy Margit nevű lányuk is született, aki Károly korbavai gróf felesége lett. 1411-ben eljegyezték Frangepán VI. Jánossal, Frangepán IV. Miklós vegliai, zenggi és modrusi gróf fiával. Nelipić, akinek nem volt fiú örököse 1411-ben örökbe fogadta leendő vejét, aki a hozomány útján megszerezte a Nelipić család összes birtokát. Ezt Zsigmond király 1412. november 28-án brinjei tartózkodásakor megerősítette. Megengedte Katalinnak, hogy apjának minden birtokát (Sinj és Travnik várait, Knint, Čačvinát, Omišt, Visućot, Kamicsácot és Kljucsot Prominával, Petrovo poljét, valamint Zvonigradot Odorjan zsupániával) hozományként férjének átadja.

János 1416 októberében vette feleségül Katalint, ezzel a Frangepánok Horvátország leghatalmasabb nemesi családjává váltak. A párnak 1416 és 1424 között megszületett fia, I. György. 1422-ben Cillei Frigyes gróf meggyilkolta János gróf rokonát, Frangepán Erzsébetet és Budára menekült. János gróf 1424-ben Budára ment, hogy bosszút álljon Cillei Frigyesen.  Ott volt VII. Erik dán király is,
Zsigmond király unokatestvére, akinek sikerült megakadályozni a vérontást. A dán király a Szentföldre akart látogatni és Zsigmond rávette János grófot, hogy tolmácsként kísérje el a királyt. A szentföldi útból végül semmi sem lett és a dán király visszatért hazájába, János gróf pedig előbb Velencébe, majd Dániába ment és csak 1434-ben, apja halála után tért vissza.

Hazatérése után Zsigmond király testvérével, II. Istvánnal együtt horvát-dalmát bánná nevezte ki, mely tisztséget 1436-ig töltötte be. Közben 1434 májusában meghalt Katalin apja Nelipić Ivaniš is, és a korábbi szerződés alapján Katalin férje Frangepán János örökölte birtokait. A király azonban már nem akarta elismerni a korábbi szerződéseket, és magának követelte a birtokokat. János gróf dacolva a királlyal nem volt hajlandó átadni azokat. Erre a király lázadónak nyilvánította, és 1436 elején elvette báni címét és az új bánt, Tallóci Matkót sereggel küldte ellene. János októberben még velencei közvetítéssel próbált kibékülni Zsigmond királlyal, de erre már nem volt ideje, mert nem sokkal ezután, november 20-án hirtelen meghalt.

Özvegye Katalin, átadta apja birtokait Tallócinak, hogy megmentse kiskorú fiának, Györgynek apai örökségét, amit a Frangepán család többi tagja testvérük "hűtlenségére" hivatkozva próbált kisajátítani. Tallóci közvetítésével sikerült is teljes bocsánatot kérnie a királytól (Prága, 1437. október 20.). Fiával Rmanjba, az Una felső folyásánál levő várba költözött, ahol 1439-ben elhunyt.

Jegyzetek

Források

Frangepán család
1439-ben elhunyt személyek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Wisconsin's First Net-Zero Community Breaks Ground
Local green builder Tim O'Brien Homes will construct the 34 solar-powered homes in Red Fox Crossing.
Courtesy Neumann Companies
Project planners broke ground this week on the first net-zero residential community in Wisconsin. The 34 homes in Red Fox Crossing in New Berlin, Wis., will generate enough renewable energy to offset their projected electrical consumption and will range from $450,000 to $650,000.
Developed by Neumann Developments, Inc., the homes will be built by Tim O'Brien Homes Inc., and each solar array will be designed and installed by SunVest Solar, Inc. Floor plans will run from 1,900 square feet for a ranch to 2,200 square feet for a two-story. Each home will include a six to eight kW PV solar array and be certified by the following programs: DOE Net Zero Ready Home, Energy Star V3, WaterSense, IndoorAir Plus.
Madison, Wis.-based Tim O'Brien Homes is known for its focus on energy efficiency and green building practices. In fact, the firm built the first Emerald Certified home following the National Green Building Standard (NGBS). "Red Fox Crossing has the potential to be the turning point in building a more sustainable community and neighborhood in Wisconsin, versus focusing on only one home at a time," says Tim O'Brien, president of Tim O'Brien Homes. "A more holistic approach to high performance and sustainable communities."
Net-Zero Energy
Tim O'Brien Homes
Mind & Matter Five Material Technology Trends To Watch in 2023
CNN Babcock Ranch Keeps Power and Sustains Minimal Damage Through Hurricane Ian
BUILDER KB Home Launches Its First Microgrid Communities in California
BUILDER Clayton Unveils Net-Zero Home at Berkshire Hathaway Shareholders Meeting
BUILDER U.S. Department of Energy Hosts a 'Virtual Village' for 2020 Solar Decathlon
Forbes Pearl Homes Designs Net-Positive Energy Community on Florida's Gulf Coast

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Congress Probes USTR on the Confidential TPP Negotiations
Article by Maira Sutton
The Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement (TPP) threatens to regulate and restrict the Internet in the name of enforcing intellectual property (IP) rights around the world, yet the public and civil society continue to be denied meaningful access to the official text and are even kept in the dark about what proposals countries are pushing in this powerful multilateral trade agreement. With users having sent over 80,000 messages to Congress asking them to demand transparency in the TPP using EFF's Action Center, Congress members have been urged into action to uncover the secrecy.
On September 20th, Representative Zoe Lofgren sent an additional follow-up letter to USTR, which EFF applauds. According to the letter, Rep. Lofgren, who has long been a strong advocate for digital rights and was a vocal opponent of SOPA, met with Ambassador Ron Kirk directly to discuss the TPP and her concerns over the lack of transparency in the process. The letter, which mentions that Ambassador Kirk told her he welcomed feedback on how to address the concerns, asks USTR to: balance TPP IP enforcement provisions with user privileges; diversify the policy perspectives on their Industry Trade Advisory Committee for IP; and be more transparent in its TPP negotiations overall.
Rep. Lofgren stated in her press release for the letter:
"TPP's IP provisions must not undermine the free expression of Internet users, the ability to share and create content online, the free and open character of the Internet, or the freedom of digital service providers to innovate. Lack of transparency and overbroad IP enforcement requirements have held back other international trade agreements in the recent past – these same issues are now undermining the results [USTR seeks] to achieve with TPP."
They have yet to hear back with a response from the USTR.
This is not Congress' first attempt to unveil TPP. As we have reported, Senator Ron Wyden and Representative Darrell Issa are currently working on gathering signatures from their colleagues in Congress to ask the US Trade Representative Ron Kirk to reveal what they are seeking in the TPP's IP chapter, specifically in relation to provisions that would impact the Internet and access to pharmaceutical drugs. And in June of this year, 130 Members of the House of Representatives sent a detailed letter to the USTR asserting Congress' required role in the trade negotiations, making specific requests as to how they could make the process democratic and transparent while emphasizing the ways in which it fails to be neither of those things. Two months later, the USTR responded [PDF] in a letter that did not address any of the specific issues raised by Congress members.
The USTR claims that at the outset of the TPP negotiations in 2009, the participating countries signed a confidentiality agreement. In the June letter from 130 US Representatives, they explicitly asked for "a copy of the confidentiality agreement and an explanation as to what role USTR or other governments played in crafting it." In the USTR's response letter they completely ignored this request.
However, the model confidentiality agreement that served as a base for the TPP negotiators is a public document, available at a page on the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade website. The model agreement lays out the rules of confidentiality for signatory countries over TPP draft texts, proposals, communications, and other documents relating to the negotiations over the agreement. It is not clear, however, whether the model mirrors the exact agreement USTR signed, and USTR is likely subject to internal confidentiality policies in addition to the agreement.
While the confidentiality "model letter" itself is extremely vague, it does contain some interesting parts:
It states that the negotiating texts, government proposals, emails, and other related documents can be "provided" to government officials.
It states that documents can be accessed by "persons outside government who participate in that government's domestic consultation process and who have a need to review or be advised of the information in these documents."
It holds that "all participants plan to hold these documents in confidence for four years after entry into force of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, or if no agreement enters into force, for four years after the last round of negotiations."
It lays out the level of security needed to protect the confidentiality of the agreement, including that it may be kept in a "locked filing cabinet" or within a "secured building". Amusingly, the letter also assures that the documents "do not need to be stored in safes."
If in fact this letter parallels the provisions in the confidentiality agreement, these terms may be flexible enough to allow all government officials to have regular, easy access to the text. As of now however, elected members have not had access to view or comment on the text. Senator Wyden is a member of the Senate Finance Committee (which has jurisdiction over "reciprocal trade agreements; tariff and import quotas, and related matters thereto") and is Chair of its subcommittee on International Trade, Customs and Global Competitiveness. Neither he nor his staff, who have obtained proper security clearance, have been able to get access to material related to the TPP negotiations from the USTR.
Also unclear is how they make the determination as to whether "persons outside government" should be authorized to review the documents. Trade Advisory Committees (TACs) constitute 100's of individuals who are able to log in from their own computer to a platform to view and comment on the text of the official drafts of the agreement. If the language of the confidentiality agreement is as flexible as it is written in this model letter, it is questionable as to why all nations are bound to the level of confidentiality that is being enacted.
Ultimately, the USTR has an obligation to uphold the public interest. While they keep asserting that they are being as inclusive and transparent as possible in these negotiations, civil society and the public at large recognize that the process is far from embodying any principles of democratic rulemaking. We applaud Rep. Lofgren, Rep. Issa, and Senator Wyden for taking the lead as public representatives in standing up to demand an end to these secretive trade talks. Congress people need to know that breaking open the unnecessary confidentiality around the TPP is a priority, and that users are fed up with closed door tactics to restrict and regulate the Internet in the name of IP enforcement.
Even if you have already taken our Action Alert, please help us continue to send messages to our public representatives to make TPP transparency a political priority:
Cross-posted from Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Rise of the Virtual-Plagiarist
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Ad Biz Disregards User Choices to Safeguard "Cybersecurity"
The U.S. and China are Engaged in a Cyber Cold War
Categories: Privacy
Industries: General Legal
Tags: Intellectual Property Congress TPP USTR


Catfish Bytes: It's a Wrap!
From big fish to small fry, it's a wrap over at Leather District Gourmet's Sustainable Seafood Blog Event!
Jacqueline posted a big catch with more than two dozen recipes, including two catfish recipes. Of course, one of those was mine, but the other came from NASCAR driver Ryan Newman. Check out his Beer-Battered Catfish.
Ryan Newman blogs? I'll have to check that out!
Hi Kristen, I haven't found a blog by him, but the link from the Sustainable Seafood event takes you to his Foundation website.
Nice to meet you. I love catfish, eating, not catching. Having been sliced more times then I can count trying to get them off the hook, I am cured of the catching end of things. Growing up in Fl with all the lakes, fishing was a fun thing to do. Thank you for visiting my blog and your nice comment.
Will have to try the beer-battered catfish. I always have to have beer to drink when I eat fish but never thought about doing a batter with it. Now I do make my hushpuppies with beer. I need your addy please. Just email me with it if you don't mind. Hope you and yours have a blessed weekend.
HI Barbara, thanks for visiting. I am with you on the eating side! When farm-raised catfish became popular where I live, we started just buying them instead of catching them.
Hi Janet, thanks for stopping by my blog, always nice to see newbies! Wow, a whole blog devoted to catfish, I love to catch them but I'm not a fish eater! Sorry! Happy Thanksgiving to you!
Hi Helen, So nice to have you visit. I haven't tried Ryan's recipe yet, but I don't see why it wouldn't work for nuggets as well. Hope you have a great party!


I am trying to compare the grand total of graduation of one university with another university (peer). However I am have a hard time ignoring the filter in the calculation so that the peer grand total would show up in the separate bar chart on the right. All the grand totals for all universities exist int he same dataset. Below is the snapshot of what I am trying to do.
You'll want to make sure you use MAX for Peers instead of SUM to avoid double counting. You'll also want to set any filters to 'Context' filters.
Great response. Thank you very much.


111020, Moscow, 2nd Sinichkina str., House 9a, p. 7, 6th floor.
On December 26, 2015, the reactor vessel was delivered to the construction site of the first unit of the Belarusian nuclear power plant in Astravyets. The whole transportation stage took 72 days. The reactor vessel was placed at the storage site of the plant equipment yard.
The dimensions of the Belarusian nuclear power plant's "heart" are impressive: its weight is 337 t, length — about 10 m, diameter — about 4.8 m. The vessel has an extended service life time. It's designed for 100 years of work with a service life of 50 years.
This valuable load has travelled a long way by water from the Tsimlyansk Reservoir in Volgodonsk, up the Volga-Don Canal, and along the river Volga passing by such cities as Saratov, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Cherepovets, through a Volga-Baltic canal, Lake Onega, the river Svir, Lake Ladoga, up the river Volkhov and to the Veliky Novgorod dock.
The most complicated stage of the nuclear giant transportation — its debarking from the barge to the autotruck and further transfer to a special railway transporter for oversized and overweight cargo — was completed in Veliky Novgorod from November 10 to December 14.
Railroad transportation took another 10 days.
The reactor was manufactured at the Volgodonsk subsidiary of JSC AEM-technology, Atommash, in accordance with the international contract on the first Belarusian nuclear power plant construction.
The transportation was performed by the pioneer of oversized and overweight cargo shipment industry — "Spetstyazhavtotrans" group of companies, created in 1970th in USSR.


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NSW waits on feds' disability inquiry call
8:12am Feb 20, 2019
Australia's most populous state says it's yet to hear from the prime minister about a proposed royal commission into disability services.
But NSW Minister for Disability Services Ray Williams says the state is "very, very firmly on board" for an inquiry after Scott Morrison warned it couldn't go ahead unless the states and territories are "all in".
"I'm a great believer that if you want to address neglect abuse or harm on behalf of anybody but especially the most vulnerable members of our community, that you need to shine a very, very direct light," he told ABC Radio on Wednesday.
Property News: 11 things I learned about cleaning during lockdown - domain.com.au


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Tag Archives: online campaigning
The Elections Bill: examining the evidence
The Elections Bill is currently being scrutinised by the Commons Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee, which has received a large amount of evidence from a wide range of academics and organisations. Ahead of the Unit's September webinar on the bill, Emilia Cieslak offered a summary of the key themes, including the parts of the bill that are welcomed, and the sections that have caused concern.
The Elections Bill currently before parliament aims to tackle a wide range of issues, including fighting electoral fraud, increasing parliamentary supervision of the Electoral Commission, and extending the franchise to more overseas electors and EU citizens. The bill recently received its second reading in the Commons. It is currently going through committee stage and is also being reviewed by the Commons Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee (PACAC). While some provisions have proved popular, many have attracted criticism.
This post reviews the written evidence submissions to PACAC's inquiry, focusing largely on the most controversial provisions: the introduction of photographic voter ID, changes to parliamentary scrutiny of the Electoral Commission, and reform of campaign spending rules. Before addressing those controversial aspects, however, I highlight sections of the bill that are generally welcomed.
Popular provisions
The bill proposes to abolish the current 15-year limit after which overseas electors become ineligible to vote. This has so far met very little opposition, and has strong support from groups representing British citizens living abroad. Several submissions (for example, from the Electoral Commission and Association of Electoral Administrators) do, however, draw attention to practical difficulties. And one submission, from Professor Justin Fisher, argues that the principled case for the change is not straightforward.
Meanwhile, no submissions oppose extending voting and candidacy rights to EU citizens through bilateral arrangements with individual member states. Most welcome changes to provision for voters with disabilities, though some identify what they see as flaws in certain elements of those measures.
The introduction of digital imprints is hailed as an overdue, necessary step to tackling the problem of misleading campaign material online. Most respondents writing on the topic argue that the provision is a good start, but that more is needed. Dr Sam Power comments that the provision should be accompanied by a renewed focus on citizen engagement and digital literacy campaigns. The Electoral Reform Society argues for a requirement that campaigners provide invoices on their digital spending, an open database for all political advertisements, and a code of practice on use of sensitive data. Multiple respondents warned about the rapid development of technology which means the legislation will require post-legislative scrutiny and frequent updates to avoid new loopholes developing.
Posted in Elections and referendums, Parties and politicians	| Tagged Alistair Clark, Association of Electoral Administrators, campaign finance, campaign spending, campaigning, committee on standards in public life, CSPL, digital campaigning, disinformation, election campaigns, elections, Elections Bill, Electoral Commission, Electoral fraud, Electoral Management Board for Scotland, Electoral reform, Electoral Reform Society, Emilia Cieslak, imprints, Justin Fisher, Labour, Labour party, misinformation, online campaigning, PACAC, parliamentary scrutiny, Political Parties Elections and Referendums Act, polling stations, PPERA 2000, Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee, Sam Power, Speakers Committee, Toby James, voter ID | 3 Comments
Online harms to democracy: the government's change of approach
Two years after the publication of the government's Online Harms white paper, the government has published its final consultation response. Its commitment in the white paper to legislate to prevent online harms to democracy has disappeared, to the frustration of many inside and outside parliament. Alex Walker reflects on the government's decision to 'abandon the field' and argues that a laissez-faire approach could lead to negative consequences.
It is expected that the Queen's Speech on 11 May will include the government's long-awaited Online Safety Bill. This will be a major piece of legislation with significant implications for the regulation of digital technology companies in the UK. However, when it is introduced it now seems highly unlikely that it will encompass measures to prevent harms to democracy, as was initially indicated.
The Online Harms white paper published in April 2019 set out a position that recognised the dangers that digital technology could pose to democracy and proposed measures to tackle them. This was followed by an initial consultation response in February 2020 and a full response in December. In the course of the policy's development, the democracy aspect of the proposals has disappeared. The government now points instead to other areas of activity. This represents a shift away from the ambition of the white paper, which promised to address online harms 'in a single and coherent way.'
Online Harms white paper: April 2019
The white paper first put forward the government's intention for a statutory duty of care that would make companies responsible for harms caused on their platforms. This would include illegal harmful content, such as child abuse and terrorist material, but also some forms of harmful but legal content, including disinformation and misinformation. The white paper explicitly framed some of its proposals for tackling online harms in relation to the consequences for democracy. It detailed some of the harms that can be caused, including the manipulation of individual voters through micro-targeting, deepfakes, and concerted disinformation campaigns. It concluded that online platforms are 'inherently vulnerable to the efforts of a few to manipulate and confuse the information environment for nefarious purposes, including undermining trust'. It recognised that there is a distinction to be drawn between legitimate influence and illegitimate manipulation.
The white paper also set out what the government expected to be in the regulators' Code of Practice, and what would be required to fulfil the duty of care. This included: using fact-checking services, particularly during election periods; limiting the visibility of disputed content; promoting authoritative news sources and diverse news content; and processes to tackle those who misrepresent their identity to spread disinformation. It stated that action is needed to combat the spread of false and misleading information in part because it can 'damage our trust in our democratic institutions, including Parliament.'
Posted in Elections and referendums	| Tagged Alex Walker, Angela Eagle, Cabinet Office, Counter Disinformation Cell, DCMS, Defending Democracy programme, democracy, Democracy and Digital Technolgies Committee, Department for Culture Media and Sport, digital campaigning, disinformation, Facebook, imprints, Intelligence and Security Committee, Jeremy Wright, Lord McNally, Lord Puttnam, Mark Zuckerberg, Matt Warman, misinformation, Oliver Dowden, online campaigning, online harms, Online Safety Bill, Priti Patel, social media, Twitter, white paper | 4 Comments
How the new Sub-Committee on Disinformation can help strengthen democracy in the digital age
Posted on May 1, 2019 by The Constitution Unit
In April 2019 the Commons Digital, Culture, Media and Sport select committee established a sub-committee to continue its inquiry into disinformation and data privacy in the digital age. Michela Palese considers the motivations underlying the establishment of this sub-committee, its stated priorities, and how it can help confront the challenges and threats to our democratic processes arising from online campaigning.
Last month the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) select committee launched a new Sub-Committee on Disinformation. Its task is to become 'Parliament's institutional home' for matters concerning disinformation and data privacy; a focal point that will bring together those seeking to scrutinise and examine threats to democracy.'
The new sub-committee promises to offer an ongoing channel through which to gather evidence on disinformation and online political campaigning, and to highlight the urgent need for government, parliament, tech companies and others to take action so as to protect the integrity of our political system from online threats.
Damian Collins, chair of the DCMS committee, explained that the sub-committee was created because of:
'concerns about the spread of disinformation and the pivotal role that social media plays. Disinformation is a growing issue for democracy and society, and robust public policy responses are needed to tackle it at source, as well as through the channels through which it is shared. We need to look principally at the responsibilities of big technology companies to act more effectively against the dissemination of disinformation, to provide more tools for their users to help them identify untrustworthy sources of information, and to provide greater transparency about who is promoting that content.'
The sub-committee follows up on the significant work conducted as part of the DCMS committee's long-running inquiry into Disinformation and 'Fake News', whose final report was published in February 2019.
This inquiry ran for 18 months, held 23 oral evidence sessions, and took evidence from 73 witnesses: its final report contained a series of important conclusions and recommendations.
Among these, the report called on the government to look at how UK law should define 'digital campaigning' and 'online political advertising', and to acknowledge the role and influence of unpaid campaigns and Facebook groups both outside and during regulated campaign periods. It also advocated the creation of a code of practice around the political use of personal data, which would offer transparency about how people's data are being collected and used, and about what messages users are being targeted with and by whom. It would also mean that political parties would have to take greater responsibility with regards to the use of personal data for political purposes, and ensure compliance with data protection and user consent legislation. Continue reading →
Posted in Elections and referendums, Parliament	| Tagged Culture Secretary, Damian Collins, Data Protection, DCMS select committee, digital campaigning, Digital Culture Media and Sport Committee, digital democracy, disinformation, Electoral Commission, Electoral Reform Society, Elizabeth Denham, Facebook, fake news, ICO, imprints, Information Commissioner, Information Commissioner's Office, International Grand Committee on Disinformation and Fake News, Jeremy Wright, Michela Palese, online campaigning, online harms, political advertising, select committees, social media, Steve Wood, Sub-Committee on Disinformation


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I take my smartphone everywhere I go. It is a little computer in my pocket and can replace my laptop if I really need it to. One of the best reasons to carry a smartphone is having access to all of the wonderful travel apps out there. However, there are so many of them to choose from how do you know which you need?
Here you will see what I use and think are the best Travel Apps of 2013 and what I use when I travel.
I use SeatGuru before I book any flight and the app is just as handy. Not all seats were created equal and SeatGuru shows you which seats are the best on every flight. The cabins are color coded with yellow, green, and red seats to show which seats are most welcoming. The will also show other info such as limited recline, shared entertainment, and bulkhead seating.
GateGuru is every travelers friend when it comes to gate changes and delays. It also has maps of terminals, reviews of restaurants, and even average wait times at security checkpoints.
TripIt is your personal travel assistant. It will keep track of all your itineraries for you. Adding itineraries is as simple as emailing them to your TripIt account and they will automatically show up. TripIt will keep you organized and on time when you travel. It will track all of your trips in one place and is simple to use. There is a free version you can use but I found the Pro version is worth the cost for frequent travelers who want real time flight alerts.
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This app is dead simple. It is an easy to use currency converter and a useful one. You will get real time exchange rates and take the guess work out of getting cash out of the ATM, bills dining out, and converting foreign currencies back into the currency of your home country. I find myself using this app even when I am not traveling just to check various exchange rates around the world.
It seems like everyone I meet abroad is using WhatsApp and it is for good reason. It isn't much different than all of the other third party messaging apps except is it very widely used. It is great for group chats, sharing audio, video, photos, and even your location. You can text for free to anyone else using WhatsApp whenever you have a WiFi connection. I love this app and even use it at home to message my friends.
There are a lot of hostel apps out there but WeHostels is one of my favorites. The key difference between WeHostels and other apps is the ability to connect with other travelers and make friends while you are traveling. Make friends before you even arrive at your hostel and find the best places to stay all over the world. Choose from 25,000+ hostels in 700+ cities and easily book a room on the go.
Kayak.com is one of my first stops when searching for sites so that is why I like using the app on my iPhone. The interface is very easy to use on your phone which makes finding flights easy. Not only can you search for flights but the Pro version allows you to calculate baggage fees, check flights status, a currency converter, and even terminal maps. There is a free app but at 99 cents you might as well go for the pro version.
There are a lot of apps out there that translate phrases for you but Forvo will teach you how to pronounce a word you don't how to say. It uses a database of words spoken by native speakers to teach you the correct pronunciation of words. I find myself using this a lot when I don't recognize or know how to pronounce a new word. It is a little more expensive ($3) but I think it is worth it to add to your travel apps. If you want to try it before you buy it head over to Forvo.com.
I use google translate a lot when I am on my laptop which is why I gave the app a chance. Yes, google can get some translations wrong but so do a lot of the translation apps. It does do a great job helping translate the basics. It is a handy app to translate phrases or anything you cannot translate on your own while you are traveling.
Trail Wallet is an expense tracker for travelers. With Trail Wallet you can set your budget and track your expenses on the go. Organize by category so you know what you are spending too much money on and how to save more of your travel budget. It supports multiple currencies which handy for travelers covering a lot of ground. Whether you are a backpacker or business man we all have budgets and Trail Wallet makes it easy to track expenses.
Those are my favorite travel apps. Sure you could add a lot more but I try to keep it basic when I travel. As long as I can convert the local currency, track flights, cover expenses, find a place to stay, and communicate I am a happy traveler.
Do you have a favorite travel app? Leave it in the comment section below and let me know how it has helped you while you were traveling.
I will definitely check it out, David. Sounds like a great way to meet new people traveling! Thanks for introducing me to it.
Funny! I'm working on a similar list this week.
Didn't see large benefits with TripIt. I just forward flight confirmations to my Evernote account via email. Able to pull them up from my phone anytime I want without service/wifi. And setting a flight reminder in Google calendar takes 5 seconds.
Trail wallet is excellent though. Keeping track of my budget is so much easier now.
Nice, I'm looking forward to seeing your favorites. I used TripIt for a few weeks and found it pretty handy overall. It was on top of everything for me. However, I didn't continue using simply because I didn't need it. I think it could be really handy for business travelers and travelers with a lot of flights in their their travel plans. I think it is a great app for the right person but you certainly should just go what works best for your needs. I may go back to it again if I need it and I would still recommend it. Right now I just use my calendar as well along with Kayak.
I just discovered trail wallet (not sure I missed that one) and it is fantastic.
As a frequent business traveler, i couldnt do without tripit. I like the fact that it stores all of your trips, even when they have been completed. Right now, I have over 100 trips stored and I recently had to find a hotel that I liked in midtown NYC. Searched for a NYC trip on tripit and there it was.
I also like "flight track" to keep track of takeoffs, arrivals,delays, and gate changes. this app always seems to be in the know well before any of my other apps and quite often,it knows of gate changes even before they are posted on the airport monitors. This comes at a prce though — I think I paid $5-$10.
For the frequent business traveler I think TripIt is very useful as you said. It is probably last handy for the slow overland backpacker or budget traveler. Everyone needs to find the management app that suits their travel style best. And that doesn't take away from TripIt being an outstanding app.
Sit or Squat does double duty — no pun intended. Tells you where you can find public bathrooms rated by cleanliness and is a city map. How's that!!
I've been using TripCase for both business and personal travel for months. It is free and has features found in the more pricey tripit pro, including real-time alerts. It records past trips and I email all of my and my wife's itineraries directly to it and it auto-imports them. With both android and iPhone apps, It is too often overlooked by lists such as these.
Will definitely take a look at TripCase. A free app that gets the job done is always nice. Thanks for the suggestion.
Thanks for including our Trail Wallet app and glad you've found it useful for keeping track of your travel expenses.
I agree Seat Guru is really helpful. I always use it to look for the few rows of 2 seats that you'll often find at the back of the plane. Much better for us as a couple as we don't have to climb over someone else to get to the bathroom.
Definitely, Erin. Trail Wallet is so handy I can't believe I didn't have it downloaded sooner. It is a must have app.
Great list. A lot of them are also my favorite.
But it doesn't cover the other problems you encounter while travelling.
Amazing list. thank you so much for the sharing this article..
Thanks a lot! These apps are very helpful. But personally I would like to share with you http://www.zigmos.com a cloud-based mobile app builder that you can use to build your own travel apps.you don't need to be a Java guru, an Xcode expert or a software developer to build your own travel apps.


ORSO, Débora et al. Multiresidue determination of pesticide residues in honey by modified QuEChERS method and gas chromatography with electron capture detection. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. [online]. 2014, vol.25, n.8, pp.1355-1364. ISSN 0103-5053. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20140117.
Honey can present pesticide residues due to the contamination of bees during the collection of pollen and nectar or by treatment of hives. Thus, the determination of pesticide residues in honey is of great importance, despite the difficulty due to the complexity of the matrix. In this study a new method for the determination of pesticides from different chemical groups in honey was developed and validated. Honey samples were extracted by modified QuEChERS method and analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Recovery results, evaluated at three spike levels, were between 71 and 119% for most of the compounds, with relative standard deviation (RSD) < 20%. The proposed method enables the determination at limits of detection between 3 and 6 µg kg-1, combining effective extraction and clean-up steps with good sensitivity and selectivity, and was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial honey samples.
Keywords : gas chromatography; honey; pesticide residues; sample preparation.


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Nothing 'to lose': White House officials warn 'quick-triggered' Trump will go further off the rails
Travis Gettys
If you think the last few days of President Donald Trump's presidency have been crazy, watch out. You ain't seen nothing yet.
White House officials expect the increasingly emboldened president to become even more outrageous in the coming months, especially if Republicans manage to pass a major tax reform bill, reported both Axios and the Washington Post.
"Officials tell us Trump seems more self-assured, more prone to confidently indulging wild conspiracies and fantasies, more quick-triggered to fight than he was during the Wild West of the first 100 days in office," reported Mike Allen for Axios.
Trump, who overcame a never-ending deluge of scandals during his campaign, hasn't faced any pushback from the GOP congressional majority.
"If there are consequences for his actions, Trump does not seem to feel their burden personally," reported the Post's Philip Rucker and Ashley Parker. "The Republican tax bill appears on track for passage, putting the president on the cusp of his first major legislative achievement. Trump himself remains the highest-profile man accused of sexual improprieties to keep his job with no repercussions."
The president has this week attacked individual media figures by name, called for the boycott or investigation of others, re-tweeted virulently anti-Muslim videos posted by a British fascist, cast doubts on the "Access Hollywood" tape he has already admitted was real, and again pressured the Department of Justice to bend to his will.
Allen, a longtime Washington insider, suggested the president would become even more unrestrained if Roy Moore, whom he's endorsed despite multiple allegations of child molestation, wins election to the U.S. Senate in Alabama.
"Trump has internalized the belief that he can largely operate with impunity, people close to him said. His political base cheers him on," the Post reported. "Fellow Republican leaders largely stand by him. His staff scrambles to explain away his misbehavior — or even to laugh it off. And the White House disciplinarian, chief of staff John F. Kelly, has said it is not his job to control the president."
Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-UT) said this week that Trump was "one of the best presidents I've served under," and Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) praised the president's efforts on the tax reform bill.
Alex Castellanos, a GOP campaign consultant, said Trump's hardcore supporters like his aggressively unhinged behavior.
"A strong daddy bear is what a lot of voters want," he said. "Right or wrong, at least he's fighting for us."
He said the highly polarized political environment gave Trump plenty of room to operate however he pleases.
"In an intensely polarized world, you can't burn down the same house twice," Castellanos added. "What has Donald Trump got to lose at this point?"
Tana Ganeva
After President Trump let the audience at his rally in Greenville, North Carolina, shout "send her back!" after he falsely accused Rep. Ilhan Omar (D-MN) of anti-Semitism, Republicans grew nervous about a backlash -- that this time, Trump had gone too far.
But the incident merely caps years of severe and inhumane rhetoric and policy targeting migrants. Raw Story spoke with Stephen Yale-Loehr, Professor of Immigration Law Practice at Cornell Law School, about why Trump and the GOP are enacting inhumane policies that won't even work to accomplish their goals.
Raw Story: In modern history, has anyone actually managed to shut down migration successfully or is Trump enacting all these vicious policies for nothing really? It seems like people who want to migrate really can't be stopped?


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6 Animal Laws in India that Every Citizen Must Know
Zelam Phadke
Animals have been the subjects of human torture for a long time. Every once in a while, a gruesome video comes up in the news, in which a voiceless animal is being killed, mutilated, or tortured. Street animals in India live a deplorable life as they starve, fall ill, or get run over by speeding vehicles quite often. This is when animal rights become the topic of discussion.
Here are six animal laws in India that every citizen must be aware of:
1. It is the Fundamental Duty of every citizen to protect the environment, including animals.
The Constitution of India states that it is the fundamental duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
The Constitution also states as a Directive Principle that the State should take steps for preserving and improving animal breeds, and prohibiting the slaughter of cows, calves, and other milch and draught cattle.
2. Torturing an animal or subjecting it to unnecessary suffering is a punishable offence under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960.
The Act also states that administering injurious drugs to an animal, habitually confining it for an unreasonable time, mutilating it, and starving it, are all punishable by law.
An offender can be fined up to Rs. 50 in case of a first offence, and the amount may exceed up to Rs. 100 in case a second offence occurs within three years from the previous case.
3. Killing, maiming, or poisoning an animal, or engaging in bestiality is a punishable offence under the Indian Penal Code.
The Indian Penal Code, 1860, under Sections 428 and 429 states that any person who kills, poisons, or maims an animal shall be punished with imprisonment up to two years, or with fine, or with both.
Also, Section 377, which was recently read-down by the Supreme Court, still remains in force when it comes to bestiality. It states that whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any animal shall be punished with imprisonment for life or up to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
4. Hunting wild animals and destroying the eggs of wild birds or reptiles is punishable.
The Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972 prohibits capturing, killing, poisoning, snaring, or trapping wild animals. Injuring, destroying, or taking away any part of the body of animals, and damaging or disturbing the eggs of wild birds or reptiles is also considered as hunting.
The Act imposes imprisonment up to 3 years or with fine up to Rs. 25, 000, or both, for a first offence. In case of a subsequent offence, the imprisonment can extend up to 6 years and the minimum fine payable is Rs. 10,000.
5. Pregnant, nursing or very young animals cannot be slaughtered.
The Slaughterhouse Rules, 2001 prohibit the slaughter of any animal which is pregnant, or has an offspring less than three months old, or is under the age of three months. Animals cannot be slaughtered except in recognized or licensed slaughterhouses.
The Rules also state that an animal cannot be slaughtered in sight of other animals. Any person contravening the Rules can be punished with a fine up to Rs. 100, or with imprisonment up to 3 months.
6. Transport of poultry in unclean containers is prohibited.
Poultry being transferred in unhygienic and inhumane conditions is a frequent scenario in many cities. The Transport of Animals Rules state that the containers carrying poultry must be properly cleaned and sterilised before placing the poultry in them.
The transporters must also take care that the poultry is not exposed to direct sunlight, rain, and a direct blast of air during their transport. Also, transporting the poultry when the temperature is above 25 degrees or below 15 degrees is banned.
Contravention of these Rules is an offence punishable with fine, or imprisonment, or both.
Many of the punishments imposed against violation of animal rights in India are meagre, and may not be deterrent enough for potential offenders. While these animal laws need stricter implementation and stronger penalties, it is important for every citizen to know the current laws and give a voice to the animals wherever possible.
Tags: animal rights, animals, indian laws
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One thought on "6 Animal Laws in India that Every Citizen Must Know"
Vivek Munshi says:
Thank you for writing this! I wasn't aware of most of this stuff. 🙂


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Boston Scientific announces global launch of Mustang PTA Balloon Catheter
Boston Scientific announced on 20 June the global launch of its Mustang PTA Balloon Catheter, a highly deliverable 0.035 inch percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) catheter designed for a wide range of peripheral angioplasty procedures. The company plans to launch the product immediately in the USA, Europe and other international markets.
Boston Scientific developed the Mustang PTA Balloon Catheter to meet physician needs for a low-profile, high-pressure balloon catheter in a wide range of sizes. It is the first to use Boston Scientific's NyBax Balloon Material, a proprietary co-extrusion of nylon and Pebax polymers engineered to provide high-pressure, non-compliant dilatation in a low-profile balloon. The Mustang Balloon Catheter offers excellent rated burst pressure (up to 24 atmospheres) and is the only 7 x 200mm balloon compatible with a 5F introducer sheath. Available in 203 sizes, it provides the broadest matrix of any available peripheral balloon.
"The Mustang Balloon Catheter offers a low tip profile and excellent deliverability to accommodate workhorse and complex lesions," said Joe Fitzgerald, senior vice president and president of Boston Scientific's Endovascular Unit. "Its versatility and extensive size matrix allow physicians to address nearly every peripheral need, ranging from treating blockages in femoral arteries to dialysis fistulae. The Mustang Balloon Catheter demonstrates Boston Scientific's commitment to continuing its legacy as a pioneer and global leader in peripheral balloon angioplasty."


ze'-ba (zebhach, "victim"), zal-mun'-a (tsalmunna`, "protection refused"): Two Midianite kings or chiefs whom Gideon slew (Jg 8:4-21; Ps 83:11 (Hebrew text, verse 12)). The name zebhach (Zebee) is very much like that of ze'ebh (Zeb, "Zeeb" in the Septuagint). Moore (Judgess, 220) says that tsalmunna` is probably "a genuine Midianite name"; Noldeke conjectured that it contains that of a deity (ts(a)lm), and a compound form tslmshzbh, is found in an inscription from Teima, a place East of the Midianite capital (Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum, II, cxiii f).
The narrative of Jg 8:4-21 is not to be connected with that of Jg 8:1-3. Budde (Kurzer Hand-Comm. z. Altes Testament, XXII) would join Jg 8:4 to Jg 6:34; Moore (ICC) following Budde's earlier work (1890) would connect it with a part of 7:22b, describing the direction of the flight, while Nowack (Hand-Komm.) regards the battle of 8:11 as the same as that of 7:11 if; he then takes the latter part of 8:11 to refer to the place of the camp at night. There are many difficulties in forming a natural connection for the verses. It may be noted that in 8:18 f Gideon is not "the least in my father's house," as he represents himself to be in 6:15.
The whole section tells of a daring raid made by Gideon upon the Midianites. Some of his own kin had been slain by Midianite hordes at Ophrah (Jg 8:18 f), and, stirred by this, Gideon went in hot pursuit with 300 men (Jg 8:4). He requested provisions for his men from the people of Succoth and Penuel, but was refused this. He then went on and caught the Midianites unawares at Karkor (Jg 8:10) and captured their two chiefs. He then had his revenge on the two towns, and returned probably to his home with the two notable prisoners. These he determined to slay to avenge the death of his own kinsmen, and called upon his eldest son to perform this solemn public duty that he owed to the dead. His son, apparently only a boy, hesitated, and he did the deed himself. W. R. Smith (Lectures on the Religion of the Semites, 2nd edition, 417, note) compares with this call to Gideon's son the choice of young men or lads as sacrificers in Ex 24:5, and says that the Saracens also charged lads with the execution of their captives.
The narrative reminds one of David's romantic life in 1Sa 25:1-44; 27:1-12; 30:1-31. It is throughout a characteristic picture of the life of the early Hebrews in Palestine, for whom it was a sacred duty to avenge the dead. It affords a splendid illustration of what is meant by the spirit of Yahweh coming upon, or rather "clothing itself with" (Revised Version margin) Gideon (Jg 6:34); compare also Saul's call to action (1Sa 11:1-11), and also Jg 19:1-30 f.


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How to determine an accurate temperature
It's a bit more serious and contemplative than the standard food doc, but it's educational, gorgeously composed, and like all great docs, leaves you absorbed in the personalities it profiles. Rosenthal isn't a chef, he's not a restauranteur, but he is a vocally passionate enthusiast of yummy food and good company. Rosenthal's is infectious, which makes joining him on his adventures an absolute joy. Whether he's grinning from ear to ear after chowing down on a local delicacy or delighting in an especially witty verbal sparring partner, Rosenthal makes you feel like you're part of the fun. And just try to get the jazzy theme song out of your head after your feel-good binge, I dare you.
For a flavorful chicken with a little kick, you must try this jerk chicken recipe. This collard greens recipe is made with smoked turkey legs to give it wonderful flavor. Have you ever wondered Food & Cooking how restaurants get their chicken so crispy? Try this crispy honey chicken recipe you will absolutely love it. A southern fried chicken recipe is a must have for every household.
I thought 130 degrees and a 10 minutes of rest was medium and 125 degrees with 15 minutes rest was safe medium rare.
The food is immersed in the ample amount of oil that is heated up to its smoking point.
Presenting the 12 best cooking channels on YouTube, no matter your skill level.
In many cases, this causes the structure of the material to become softer or more friable – meat becomes cooked and is more friable and less flexible.
The group prepared recipes, served the food, and enjoyed the rewards of positive feedback from the 100 guests who attended.
We also offer a version of this game called Crazy Cooking Chef, where food is served on a beach. Burger Now lunch counter game where the server has to stack sandwich ingredients along with any sides and then quickly serve them to awaiting customers. The speed of the game makes it fun for kids from fourth grade to sixth grade.
This results in the appearance of a bright green colour. Over time, the chlorophyll continues to degrade to an eventual yellowish colour. Most ingredients in cooking are derived from living organisms. Vegetables, fruits, grains and nuts as well as herbs and spices come from plants, while meat, eggs, and dairy products come from animals. Mushrooms and the yeast used in baking are kinds of fungi. We love his four-ingredient gnocchi tutorial, his guide to cooking consistently juicy chicken breast and holy crap, does his focaccia look off the charts.
Splat the Cat: I Scream for Ice Cream
Take a look at the section on sous vide cooking in Sous Vide Cooking of Chapter 7for more on this. Another neat thing to notice in the temperature graph is the fact that proteins denature in relatively narrow temperature ranges. When we cook, we're adding heat to the food specifically to trigger these chemical and physical reactions.
Washing of hands and surfaces, especially when handling different meats, and keeping raw food separate from cooked food to avoid cross-contamination, are good practices in food preparation. Foods prepared on plastic cutting boards may be less likely to harbor bacteria than wooden ones. Washing and disinfecting cutting boards, especially after use with raw meat, poultry, or seafood, reduces the risk of contamination. This British chef and restauranteur has a whole slew of cookbooks and TV shows under his belt. But we're most grateful for his simple, gorgeous dishes that everyone at our table can get behind. The educational recipes feature pre-shredded veggies, multipurpose marinades and other shortcuts and ingredients that make them a breeze to whip up.
Bakeries were one of the earliest forms of cooking outside the home, and bakeries in the past often offered the cooking of pots of food provided by their customers as an additional service. The nutritional value of including more commercially prepared foods has been found to be inferior to home-made foods. Home-cooked meals tend to be healthier with fewer calories, and less saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium on a per calorie basis while providing more fiber, calcium, and iron. The ingredients are also directly sourced, so there is control over authenticity, taste, and nutritional value. The superior nutritional quality of home-cooking could therefore play a role in preventing chronic disease. Cohort studies following the elderly over 10 years show that adults who cook their own meals have significantly lower mortality, even when controlling for confounding variables.
While the aesthetics in this game are cartoony the difficulty level increases quickly after the first couple levels. SpongeBob SquarePants Krabby Patty Crisis is a lunch counter game where you fire food at customers before they reach the counter. Use the left and right arrow keys to move left or right, the spacebar to fire food, and the B key to switch ammo between burgers, sticky, pickler, and fry-bye.
David Lebovitz, the author of the blog, is a marvelous chef who has written numerous cookbooks. His website is an amazing example of how you can find long-term success in the food blogging niche. Cookin Canuck offers easy-to-make homemade meals everyone will love. On top of that, it also focuses on giving its readers tips on healthy living and meal plans that can be lifesavers for busy parents.


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Get Help On Our 24-Hour Hotline By Calling 425-25-ABUSE Or Read About More Resources
SAFETY EXIT
Who We Are – Annual Report
Who We Are – Community Connections
Who We Are – Services
Who We Are – Employment
Who We Are – Shelter
Who We Are – Our History
On Domestic Violence
What Is Domestic Violence – Abuse Defined
What Is Domestic Violence – Warning Signs
What Is Domestic Violence – Self Test
What Is Domestic Violence – Dating Violence
What Is Domestic Violence – For Parents of Teens
What Is Domestic Violence – Domestic Violence in Later Life
How to Get Help – Safety Plan
How to Get Help – Important Items
How to Get Help – Support Groups
How to Get Help – Resources
Teen Dating Violence Awareness Month
Holiday Gift Drive Kickoff Lunch
Annual Hope Within Luncheon
Annual Chocolate Lovers' Gala
Annual Handbag Auction
New & Again Thrift Shoppe
Donate A Cell Phone
General Wish List
Holiday Wish List
Update Regarding COVID-19: Please Read Here For More Information
Domestic Violence Services of Snohomish County has had a longstanding presence in the community providing a wide range of services to victims of domestic violence and their children. Domestic Violence Services was originally founded in 1976 by a small group of women providing crisis and intervention work out of their homes. It was incorporated under the name "Women's Survival Center of Snohomish County."
In 1978, the name changed to "Stop Abuse," and the agency opened an office and hired its first executive director. A volunteer safe-home network was developed and used for shelter provision until 1981, when the City of Everett and Snohomish County allocated funds to purchase and renovate a three story home for use as a 15 bed emergency shelter. In June of 1990, under new leadership, the agency was restructured, and the shelter and emergency services were expanded. In January 1991, the agency changed its name to Snohomish County Center for Battered Women.
In July of 2008, the name changed to Domestic Violence Services of Snohomish County. This change more clearly shows that services are provided to all victims of domestic abuse in Snohomish County.
Domestic Violence Services remains the only emergency confidential shelter in Snohomish County for victims of domestic violence and their children. Each year Domestic Violence Services of Snohomish County addresses the crime of domestic violence by providing victims with the following services:
24-hour support line that answers over 5,500 calls each year
Emergency shelter to more than 300 women and children
Support groups for more than 1300
Legal advocacy to more than 3,200
A children's program which serves over 400 children
← Holiday Wish List
Domestic Violence Services of Snohomish CountyThursday, January 21st, 2021 at 5:29pm
We are hiring! We have openings for an Elder Abuse Advocate, Community Advocate for South County, and Shelter Advocate. Head to our website for more information about these positions and how to apply! https://dvs-snoco.org/who-we-are-employment/
© 2021 Domestic Violence Services Snohomish County. All Rights Reserved.


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Daniel James Nava (né le 22 février 1983 à Redwood City, Californie, États-Unis) est un voltigeur de la Ligue majeure de baseball.

Carrière

Vers les majeures
Daniel Nava connaît un parcours peu usité pour un joueur des Ligues majeures de baseball. Il joue au high school St. Francis à Mountain View en Californie, alors qu'il ne mesure que 4 pieds 8 pouces et ne pèse que 70 livres (1,42 m et 31 kg). À sa dernière année à l'école, il mesure 5'5" pour 150 livres (1,65 m et 68 kg).

Il ne convainc pas le club de baseball de l'Université de Santa Clara de lui donner une chance, et se joint à l'équipe comme... préposé à l'équipement. Il quitte l'université par manque d'argent et part jouer deux ans au collège de San Mateo. Une fois sa carrière collégiale terminée, la seule équipe de baseball qui veut de lui est les Chico Outlaws, club faisant partie d'une ligue indépendante. Nava est alors nommé joueur par excellence de la Golden Baseball League.

Ses performances attirent l'attention des Red Sox de Boston de la Ligue américaine de baseball, qui paient aux Outlaws la somme de un dollar pour recruter Nava.

Après avoir évolué deux ans dans les ligues mineures pour les Red Sox, Nava, qui fait alors 5'10" pour 200 livres (1,78 m et 90 kg), gradue en 2010 au niveau Triple-A avec les Red Sox de Pawtucket.

Red Sox de Boston
Daniel Nava fait ses débuts dans les majeures à l'âge de 27 ans, au Fenway Park de Boston le 12 juin 2010, dans un match inter-ligues opposant les Red Sox aux Phillies de Philadelphie de la Ligue nationale. Nava passe à l'histoire en devenant le quatrième joueur de l'histoire de la MLB à frapper un grand chelem à sa première présence au bâton dans les grandes ligues. Mieux encore, il n'est que le deuxième joueur (après Kevin Kouzmanoff en 2006) à réussir l'exploit en expédiant de l'autre côté de la clôture le premier lancer qui lui est offert dans les majeures. Le coup de circuit avec les buts remplis est réussi aux dépens du lanceur des Phillies Joe Blanton.

Après des débuts intéressants à Boston, Nava ne figure pas dans les plans de l'équipe et passe la saison 2011 dans les ligues mineures, puis y amorce celle de 2012. Après un bon départ (moyenne au bâton de ,316 en 27 matchs) pour les Red Sox de Pawtucket, il est rappelé par Boston et frappe pour ,243 avec 6 circuits en 88 parties jouées.

Il connaît sa meilleure saison en 2013 alors qu'il est une part importante de l'équipe des Red Sox championne de la Série mondiale 2013. Le joueur de champ extérieur, qui alterne entre le champ droit et le champ gauche, maintient une moyenne au bâton de ,303 avec 12 circuits, 66 points produits et une moyenne de présence sur les buts de ,385 en 134 parties joués. Le 20 avril 2013, son circuit de trois points contre Kelvin Herrera en  manche donne aux Red Sox une victoire de 4-3 sur les Royals de Kansas City lors du premier match joué au Fenway Park après les du marathon de Boston. Malgré seulement deux coups sûrs en 5 matchs, Nava produit deux points contre les Cardinals de Saint-Louis en Série mondiale 2013.

Après sa meilleure saison en carrière, Nava tombe de haut en 2014 alors que ses insuccès au cours des trois premières semaines de la saison lui valent une rétrogradation en ligues mineures. Il revient éventuellement à Boston et termine l'année avec une moyenne au bâton de ,270 en 113 matchs joués. Le 14 septembre 2014, il frappe contre Aaron Crow des Royals de Kansas City le deuxième grand chelem de sa carrière, donc son premier depuis son premier match.

Daniel Nava est échangé après avoir disputé 29 matchs des Red Sox en 2015. En 424 matchs sur 5 saisons à Boston, il a  maintenu une moyenne au bâton de ,267 avec 23 circuits et 169 points produits.

Rays de Tampa Bay
Cédé au ballottage, Nava est réclamé par les Rays de Tampa Bay le 5 août 2015.

Angels de Los Angeles

Le 16 décembre 2015, Nava signe un contrat d'un an avec les Angels de Los Angeles.

Royals de Kansas City
Nava est transféré aux Royals de Kansas City le 29 août 2016. Il joue 9 matchs pour eux et termine la saison 2016 avec une moyenne au bâton de ,223 en 54 matchs joués au total pour les Angels et les Royals.

Phillies de Philadelphie
Il est mis sous contrat par les Phillies de Philadelphie le 12 décembre 2016.

Vie personnelle
Dans les ligues mineures à Pawtucket, Daniel Nava met un billet gratuit à la disposition de l'animatrice d'ESPN Erin Andrews pour chaque partie locale de l'équipe.

Statistiques

Note : G = Matches joués ; AB = Passages au bâton; R = Points ; H = Coups sûrs ; 2B = Doubles ; 3B = Triples ; HR = Coup de circuit ; RBI = Points produits ; SB = Buts volés ; BA = Moyenne au bâton.

Notes et références

Liens externes
  Fiche de Daniel Nava sur le site officiel de la MLB.
  Statistiques de Daniel Nava sur baseball-reference.com.
  Statistiques de Daniel Nava sur thebaseballcube.com.
  After long journey, Nava takes historic swing, article de Ian Browne de MLB.com.

Naissance en février 1983
Joueur américain de baseball
Joueur des Red Sox de Boston
Joueur des Rays de Tampa Bay
Joueur des Angels de Los Angeles
Joueur des Royals de Kansas City
Joueur des Phillies de Philadelphie
Voltigeur des ligues majeures de baseball
Naissance à Redwood City
Étudiant de l'université de Santa Clara


text:
Wilhelm Keller ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Wilhelm Keller (Architekt, 1823) (1823–1888), Schweizer Architekt
 Wilhelm Keller (Politiker, 1839) (1839–nach 1899), deutscher Politiker (NLP), MdL Baden
 Wilhelm Keller (Politiker, 1866) (1866–1941), österreichischer Politiker (DNP)
 Wilhelm Keller (Architekt, 1872) (1872–1940), Schweizer Architekt
 Wilhelm Keller (Architekt, III), deutscher Architekt
 Wilhelm Keller (Philosoph) (1909–1987), Schweizer Philosoph und Psychologe
 Wilhelm Keller (Komponist) (1920–2008), österreichischer Komponist, Musiker, Musikpädagoge und Hochschullehrer

Siehe auch:
 Willi Keller
 Willy Keller (Theaterregisseur) (Karl Wilhelm Keller; 1900–1979), deutscher Theaterregisseur, Journalist und Übersetzer


The World Bank is spending billions of dollars to help construct coal-fired power plants in the developing world, using a fund that is supposed to help wean the world from carbon-spewing fossil fuels, the Times of London reported today.
It turns out those "transformational" investments include coal plants in South Africa, Botswana, and other developing countries. One loan of $850 million will help erect a coal plant in Gujarat, India that will emit 26.7 million tons of CO2 each year for the next 50 years, making it one of the biggest new sources of greenhouse gasses on Earth.
But is there really no alternative to building a coal plant in Gujarat, one of the most industrialized states in India? A search of carbon offset projects funded through the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism turns up 12 alternative energy projects in Gujarat, including numerous wind projects and a 219 MW LNG natural gas plant. And don't forget the high-profile pact India signed with the US to construct of 18 to 20 nuclear plants. Moreover, South Africa has two nuclear plants and recently opened a natural gas pipeline from Mozambique.
The Times piece gave few details on how "clean" the coal plants will be compared to others in the developing world. But clearly the bank has a lot of explaining to do given its longstanding reputation for funding environmental disasters.