text:
(united discord of quivering strings), BWV 207.1 (formerly BWV 207), is a secular cantata composed by Johann Sebastian Bach and first performed on 11 December 1726 in Leipzig.

History and text
Bach wrote several works for celebrations of the Leipzig University, Festmusiken zu Leipziger Universitätsfeiern. He composed this congratulatory cantata to celebrate the appointment of Gottlieb Kortte as professor of Roman Law. The librettist of the work is unknown: it may have been Picander, who had been providing libretti for Bach from at least the previous year when they collaborated on another academic cantata, .

Bach incorporated music from his first Brandenburg Concerto, which was composed years earlier, for the opening chorus. The concerto's third movement is used, with trumpets replacing the concerto's horns, and some of the instrumental music is given to the choir.

Bach led the first performance on 11 December 1726. The cantata became the basis for a similar work Auf, schmetternde Töne der muntern Trompeten, BWV 207.2.

Structure and scoring
Bach structured the cantata in ten movements, beginning with an instrumental march. He wrote it for four solo singers who represent allegorical figures:  (Fortune, soprano),  (Thankfulness, alto),  (Diligence, tenor), and  (Honour, bass). The cantata also features a four-part choir for the movements framing a sequence of recitatives and arias. Bach orchestrated it festively with three trumpets, timpani, two transverse flutes, two oboes d'amore, taille, two violins, viola, and basso continuo.

 March
 Chorus:
 Recitative (tenor):
 Aria (tenor):
 Duet recitative (bass and soprano):
 Duet aria (bass and soprano) and ritornello:
 Recitative (alto):
 Aria (alto):
 Recitative (SATB):
 Chorus:

Recordings
 Berliner Solisten, Kammerorchester Berlin, Peter Schreier, Berlin Classics, 1985
 Collegium Vocale Gent, Philippe Herreweghe. J.S. Bach: Tönet, ihr Pauken!. Harmonia Mundi France, 2004.
 Leipziger Universitätschor / Pauliner Barockensemble, David Timm. J. S. Bach: Festmusiken zu Leipziger Universitätsfeiern. Querstand, 2009.
 Bach Collegium Japan, Masaaki Suzuki. J. S. Bach: Secular Cantatas, Vol. 4. BIS, 2017.
 Ex Tempore Choir, Florian Heyerick / Musica Antiqua Köln, Reinhard Goebel BWV 36c, 201, 206, 207, Quodlibet BWV 524. Archiv Produktion  457 348-2, 1996 & 1997.

Related music
Different attempt have been made to make the closing chorus suitable to more general occasions, by adaptations with a different text. In German, Carus published in 2008 a version "Lob und Preis dem Herrn / Festlicher Schlussgesang zum Gottesdienst (Lauds and praise to the Lord / Festive closing chorus for a service), edited by Karl Kremer and using Bach's scoring. A version "Jauchzet, lobet", with a middle section referring to Christmas or Easter/Pentecost, was adapted for choir and organ.

References

External links

 BWV 207 – "BWV 207 - "Vereinigte Zwietracht der wechselnden Saiten" English translation, Emmanuel Music
 BWV 207 Vereinigte Zwietracht der wechselnden Saiten English translation, University of Vermont
 Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) / Cantata BWV 207 "Vereinigte Zwietracht der wechselnden Saiten"  Breitkopf

Secular cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach
1726 compositions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Edit: Nevermind, not worth the post. Agree with Antony. Gun control, and especially bullet control, would do nothing to affect the casual "gun user"
Yeaup, sounds like you are being throttled or there is something on your system that is just eating up bandwidth.


text:
YAYASAN KARTIKA EKA PAKSI, SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESIHATAN VISIT
Update on: 30/10/2018
UMMC has received visitors consisting of 20 Master of Nursing students and 8 nursing lecturers, Yayasan Kartika Eka Paksi, Health Science High School, General Achmad Yani, West Java, Indonesia on October 30, 2018.
The purpose of the visit is to increase the knowledge on the management and care of patients at the UMMC. They also exchange and share views in the field of care especially those involving nursing fields. Apart from briefings, visitors were also taken to the ward, Emergency Medical Department, Surgery Hall. Thank you students and lecturers of General Health Science High School Achmad Yani for choosing UMMC to be visited.
COURSE "THE LEADERSHIP: JOURNEY TO THE TOP: MAKING IT HAPPEN"
Two series of Leadership Workshop, "The Leadership: Journey To The Top: Making It Happen" was held on 21 to 23 September 2018 (Part 1) and 26 to 28 October 2018 (Part 2) at Everly Hotel, Putrajaya. Emeritus Dato ''Dr Sheikh Omar Abdul Rahman was the speaker of the program. About 30 Head of Department and Senior Officers from UMMC has attended this course. One of the goals is to train leaders to lead the organization in the future, department preparation and parties management in the provision of profiling staff, an effort to formulate a succession planning agenda and also share experiences, ideas with Head of Department and Senior Officers to become charismatic leaders that inspire other staff. Hopefully this course will increase knowledge, understand direction, skilful, positive personality, contribute, make right decisions and fair in leading to organizational excellence. We do our best, Allah will do the rest.
LARIAN 5KM "AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE"
Statistics show that 62,670 cases of domestic violence have been reported from 2000 to January 2017 with an estimated average of about 3,800 cases a year, of which 323 cases per month and an estimated 10 cases a day for cases of violence against wives or husbands. Statistics also show an increase in cases over the years and this is a great concern for us. Hence, the attendees who attended the morning were together to curb domestic violence and to help victims.
In addition, the 5km run against domestic violence organized on 27 October 2018 is one of the leisure and leisure programs with the people so that Malaysians remain healthy and fit to serve the nation. The run was officiated by Yang Berhormat Mrs. Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan Deputy Minister, Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development.
4R (REHAB RACE, RUN & RIDE) 2018
The 4R (Rehab Race, Run & Ride) 2018 program, is the first ever program for People with Disabilities (OKU), civilians and residents of the PPUM organized by the Medical Department of Rehabilitation, University Malaya Medical Center. The main goal of the program is to embark on a family spirit to reduce the gap between discriminatory disability and the public. In addition, to increase the acceptance of the public on disability capabilities in line with the theme selected, Inclusion For All.
Opening and launching of the participants was officiated by YB Tuan Haji Khalid Abd Samad, Minister of Federal Territory on 27 October 2018 at the Botanical Gardens, Putrajaya. Also present were Prof. Madya Dr. Nazirah bint Hasnan, Clinical Deputy Director (Medical) and Prof. Madya Dr. Julia Patrick Engkasan, Head of Rehabilitation Medicine Department of University Malaya Medical Center and YBhg Datuk Dr. Aminuddin Bin Hassim, President of Perbadanan Putrajaya.
359 participants who participated in running events, biking and wheelchairs. The number of participants based on the category is 65 disabled, 255 staffs/public and 39 children. All participants receive t-shirts, medals, food and "goodies bags" and e-certificates. Prizes are also available for first and third winners for Men and Women from each category.
Various activities such as aerobics, exhibitions, quizzes, fun games and food trucks are also available. The result of the 4R run will be donated to the PPUMCare Children and Fundraising Club.
UNIVERSITY MALAYA MEDICAL CENTER CONVOCATION CEREMONY 2018
On October 25, 2018, the University Malaya Medical Center Convocation Ceremony took place in 2018. Congratulations and to all graduates. Every effort, perseverance and patience in overcoming the world of learning finally paid off. Happy feelings are clearly seen on 318 graduates and parents faces in celebrating this historic and meaningful day.
Success does not come from physical ability but it comes from the spirit that never gives up. Thank you Yang Amat Berbahagia Toh Puan Dato ''Seri Hajjah Dr. Aishah Ong, University of Malaya Pro-Chansellor for her concern and willing to present advanced diploma, diploma and certificate to graduates in 2018.
UMMC WORLD STROKE DAY 2018
Stroke is a condition where the lack of blood flow to the brain and causes brain death or lack of brain function. In Malaysia, statistics show that stroke is the third most common cause of death after heart disease and cancern. In order to raise awareness about stroke, UMMC held its first ever Stroke World Stroke Day celebration on October 24, 2018 organized by Neurology Division, Medical Department in collaboration with the Rehabilitation Medical Department, Department of Medical Imaging and Nursing Department.
The event was held to raise awareness especially on early treatment and help stroke patients build self-confidence so that they could live normally and independently. Talks by experts on stroke and exhibition were also held. The ceremony was officiated by YM. Prof. Dr. Tunku Kamarul Zaman bin Tunku Zainol Abidib, Director of UMMC. A total of 150 staff members and members of the public attended the event.
SYARIKAT GERBANG RESTAURANTS SDN BHD (MCDONALDS) VISIT
Thank you to the Gerbang Restaurants Sdn Bhd, McDonald''s for visiting UMMC Pediatric Ward today and giving souvenirs to the patient in the ward. Obviously, this visit gave a smile to the patients while entertaining their hearts with the presence of Ronald McDonald. Hopefully such a visit will continue in the future.
MALAYSIAN DIETITIANS DAY 2018
Malaysian Dietitians Day was held today at Concourse, Main Tower UMMC. The ceremony was officiated by Yang Mulia Professor Dr. Tunku Kamarul Zaman Bin Tunku Zainol Abidin, Director of UMMC. The Empowering Kids to Eat Better themed is very well suited to the current environment to ensure healthy generation in the future.
MALAYSIA MINISTER OF EDUCATION VISIT
On October 15, 2018, we received a visit from Yang Berhormat Dr. Maszlee Malik, Minister of Education, Malaysia to look at the services provided at the UMMC. He had the opportunity to visit several locations namely the Emergency Medical Department, Rehabilitation Medical Department, Surgical Hall, Intensive Care Unit and Command Center. Also present during the visit was Datuk KSU YBhg. Dato ''Dr. Mohd Gazali Abas, YBhg. Datin Paduka Ir. Siti Hamisah Tapsir, Director of Higher Education, KPM and UM Vice Chancellor Datuk Ir Dr Abdul Rahim Hashim.
Thank you to Yang Berhormat for visiting UMMC.
WORLD HEALTH PHYSIOTHERAPY DAY 2018
On October 12, 2018, World Health Physiotherapy Day was officiated by Yang Mulia Professor Dr. Tunku Kamarul Zaman Bin Tunku Zainol Abidin, Director of UMMC. The ceremony was held at Concourse, ground floor, Main Tower of UMMC. This celebration, entitled "Physical Theraphy and Mental Health", aims to provide education, information and information on high-tech physiotherapy services available at UMMC. Various activities related to physiotherapy and Rehabilitation such as exhibits, video shows, sales of rehabilitation products and booths advisory services on physiotherapy were held and attended by approximately 100 people consisting of physiotherapy staff, patients and the general public.
Hopefully, World Physiotherapy Day will further enhance the community''s knowledge about physiotherapy services, especially in the UMMC.
On October 10, 2018, the Mental Health Awareness Month 2018 was held in UMMC. The ceremony was officiated by Yang Berhormat Ahmad Fahmi Bin Mohamed Fadzil, Lembah Pantai Member of Parliament at the 13th Floor Auditorium of UMMC. Through such a program, UMMC hopes to promote, contribute, provide knowledge and community service and thereby reduce the negative stigma of this mental illness among society.
Thank you once again to Yang Berhormat Ahmad Fahmi Bin Mohamed Fadzil for supporting the event organized by UMMC.
MCDONALDS VISIT TO PEDIATRIC WARD
On October 9, 2018, a visit to the Pediatric Ward by McDonald''s Community and RMHC Malaysia. The purpose of this visit is to bring joy for the children in the ward, while delivering a handful of toys such as game items and reading materials. Thank you and hopefully such visits will continue in the future.
PINK OCTOBER 2018 LAUNCHING CEREMONY
Update on: 9/10/2018
On October 9, 2018, the Pink October 2018 Launching Ceremony took place at the PPUM. Breast cancer is the world''s oldest cancer and tumor known to man and is also the most widespread cancer among women. Hopefully, this program will provide information and information to the residents of the special hospitals and patient patients as well as the general public in order to get early treatment before it is too late.
FOOD FOR THE NEEDY PROGRAM
The Food For The Needy Program is one of the programs recommended by the UMMC Pemangkin to assist the staff of UMMC who really need basic food assistance with the set conditions. The program was officiated by YM Prof. Dr. Tunku Kamarul Zaman bin Tunku Zainol Abidin, Director of UMMC on 5 October 2018 at the Corporate Relations Department. The program was successfully implemented and realized by donations by its own staff. For those who wish to contribute can contribute donations in the form of basic needs or cash to the Corporate Relation Department.
Please contact Ustaz Mohd Shazni Bin Abdullah directly at e-mail address shazni@ummc.edu.my or online (cont. 2543). Hopefully this pure effort will continue and we will be successful in assisting the needy staff of UMMC.
STATE ASSEMBLYMAN OF KAMPUNG MEDAN VISIT
On October 5, 2018, YB Tuan Haji Shamsul Firdaus bin Mohamed Supri, State Assemblyman of Kampung Medan had visited and discussed with the Management of the PPUM on Community Engagement Program which could be implemented especially for Kampung Medan community.
It is hoped that cooperation between the people and the PPUM will have a high impact on the well-being of the community, especially in the field of health.
INTERNATIONAL DAY OF OLDER PERSONS 2018
On October 4th , 2018, the International Day of Older Persons 2018 was held at Concourse, Main Tower of the University Malaya Medical Center. The theme of "Championing Life and Defying Age" is aim to promote a society where older people are highly valued and recognized as having an integral and active role in their family and community.
This year, the event was officiated by Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali, Wife of Prime Minister of Malaysia. Also present were Yang amat Berbahagia Toh Madam Aishah Ong, University of Malaya's Pro-Chancellor and 4 guests of special invitation as the icon, Datin Paduka Mother A Mangalam, Yang Berbahagia Tan Sri Emeritus Professor Datuk Dr Augustine Ong Soon Hock, Yang Berbahagia Dato' Faridah Merican and Yang Berbahagia Datuk Dr. Yim Khai Kee.
Hopefully this ceremony will provide information and exposure to the public on the importance role of senior citizens.
CAFETERIA @ PKPPI
On October 1st , 2018, the cafetaria @ PKPPI service with a new partner, THB Global Venture (M) Sdn. Bhd has started operation. Cafeteria @ PKPPI was officiated by YM Prof. Tunku Kamarul Zaman bin Tunku, Director of UMMC and witnessed by Dato ''Ahmad bin Hj. Abas, Managing Director and Head of the Department UMMC.
A variety of menus are available at the cafeteria such as cakes, dishes, a la carte menu and a wide range of drinks. Please come to cafeteria @ PKKPI and enjoy meals at reasonable prices.
DELEGATION VISIT FROM RENJI HOSPITAL SHANGHAI
On October 1st , 2018 UMMC have received a delegation visit from Renji Hospital Shanghai. The visit was aimed at strengthening relationships as well as building good cooperation from time to time. In addition, they also had the opportunity to visit 7PA Pediatric Ward, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and 7U Ward.
Hopefully this visit and cooperation will continue in the future
RESPONSE - UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL KNOWN AS UH HAS ENDLESS CONSTRUCTION GOING ON
We make reference to the article which cannot be found anywhere on Malaysiakini website but claims to be from there, which starts with "University hospital known as UH has endless construction going on".
In general, the article makes very serious allegations of poor facility maintenance namely of the lifts and bathrooms (according to the writer is no better than a third world country). The article also claims that the expensive canteen (we assume this when it is mentioned as "grossly excessive") and high car park charges for patients to pay is attributed to the tender being awarded to someone's crony, and on the expense of sickly patients. The author also claims that he/she have been informed by someone that a crony is making large profits from the carparks, and that "these blood suckers" are raking profits from the public.
The response from UMMC is as follows:
1. This article although claims to have been published in Malaysiakini, is not available anywhere on the website. We therefore cannot confirm the validity of the claims nor confirm with the author as to the source of the information mentioned here.
2. We assume that university hospital here refers to University of Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) as the name UH have not been used for close to 2 decades.
3. As a premier university hospital for the country, we need to provide a cutting edge technology and treatment that complements every sub specialities. We have been trying our level best to balance between providing better facilities, services and environment with the grant that the Government provides and internal funds, generated within the hospital facilities.
4. With regards to the "endless construction", UMMC has not done any major construction except for the building, which is to be designated as "Plaza". The plaza was planned as a building to help ease congestion in the future as human movements have dramatically increased in UMMC for the past 10 years and is expected to increase even more in the next decade. Other constructions that have been taking place are merely upgrades of many dated facilities such as the operating theatres, intensive care units, cardiac care units, infection diseases wards and accessibility for patients and visitors such as larger walkways, better lighting, replacement of leaky roofs, wheelchair accessibility, accessibility for the blind and many others. It needs to be reminded here that UMMC has been operating for more than 50 years and some of the facilities are very dated such as the toilet and lifts that are mentioned by the author. Upgrades are unavoidable, and these are necessary for the need of patients, present and future. When UMMC was first built, approximately 50,000 patients were treated annually whereas today we are seeing over 1.1. Million patients with outpatient visit exceeding 5,000 a day. As mentioned above, as a premier university hospital, facilities have to be developed further in order to keep up with demands and the progress of technology. These changes are necessary for the public and patients, in order to receive the best possible healthcare.
5. In terms of facilities, the author claims that "most of the time, the lift is not working" is not true. We have the data to show that the lifts run most of the time however admittedly, breakdowns are a regular occurrence. Again, the reason for this is the fact that some lifts are aged whilst others are overused owing to the number of passengers and equipment transported every day. There are some delays in the repair of these lifts in some instances, but these are not due to financial issues or lack of expertise. The lifts are specialized equipment, which are under the purview of Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (JKKP). Under law, only the vendors/operators are allowed to repair them. In some instances, spare parts take months to arrive and hence delays the repair by the vendors/operators. We have taken temporary and long term active measures to deal with this including getting poterage lift services, and although it appears to have positive effects, unfortunately there are occasions that the traffic load frequently overwhelms whatever interventions that has been put into place.
6. As to the washrooms looking "equal to 3rd world countries", we assure you that the toilets are regularly cleaned and repaired. Whilst there are intentions to have large overhauls of toilets throughout the hospital, we are not able to do all of them at the same time due to the need to provide convenience to the public. Sadly, in most toilets that have been upgraded, it did not take long before toilet seat and toilet bowls (including the tank covers) are broken with shoe prints all over them. Vandalism is a major thing that in UMMC with people stealing the toilet pumps, valves, faucets etc. occurring very regularly. This has caused UMMC thousands of ringgit every year to repair and replace. The cleaners have been scheduled to clean the highly used toilets every 15 minutes (with record entry) but these toilets are so badly used that it is impossible for us to ensure cleanliness are maintained. These data are available for review if need be. Therefore, I would agree that there is an element of 3rd world country here, but it is in mentality and attitude of the users themselves not of the toilets as seen from the pictures given here. They end up looking like 3rd world toilets due to people's attitude in using them in the first place.
7. UMMC does not have a canteen. We have a food court, bakeries, push carts, restaurants and a cafeteria. In trying to make sense to what the author refers to as canteen, we assume it is the cafeteria. The "cafeteria" also known as "Food Street" was specially created to meet the demand of the lower income group. The prices here are regulated and we are confident that the prices are reasonable, if not better that than others. For eateries like MakCik, Secret Recipe, Gloria Jean etc. which belongs to a large food chain store, their charges are standard across the country. It is very unlikely that the charges are higher here than that of other stores. As such, the rent is not an issue of how high the prices of the product sold on these premises since they are equal to that of other places country wide.
8. On the issue of the car park, UMMC has contracted this service to Metro Parking for over 4 years now. This was done in view of the need of professional company to cater for high demands from public. It is also because this is not the core business of UMMC. The process for the selection of the company was done following government standards, and was conducted by UM Holdings and the company was awarded based on experience and best practices. The charges for parking in UMMC is RM2 every hour, and RM8 flat rate after 6pm. In comparison, HKL charges RM2 for the 1st hour and RM 1 for subsequent hours. IJN charges RM3 for the first hour and RM1.50 for subsequent hours, but offer mainly open car parks. The discount claimed by the author is only given to patients who are treated and that the charges have been taken into account of the hospital bill. Across the road from UMMC, an open car park is an alternative and charges RM1 per hour, and a flat rate after office hours. Compared to other parking sites in the region; Pantai Hospital charges RM3/hour, Jaya One charges RM3 for the first 2 hours and RM3 every subsequent hour and, Amcorp Mall charges RM3 for first hour and RM2 for subsequent hours. Therefore, the charges done by our parking operator, is not as high as what the author claims.
9. One reason for the slightly higher rate in UMMC relates to the number of parking spots available in UMMC and the need to ensure that irresponsible car owners are not occupying parking spaces excessively. Based on previous experience when parking were only RM1per hour, cars were left for long term occupying as many as 20% of the total parking spaces. With a total of 4,000 to 5,000 patients (and sometimes more) treated as outpatient everyday, UMMC can only provide 1,000 parking lots at any one time. This does not include the need to accommodate 5,000-10,000 visitors, roughly 2,000 students and almost 6,000 staff that require parking spaces every day as well. Therefore, it is vital that the turnover of parking bays is done quickly. The rates implemented have ensured that this is made possible.
10. UMMC recognizes this shortfall of parking spaces and has made several proposals to the Economic Planning Unit to relocate many of these outpatient clinics into a complex which will have about 2,000-2,500 parking lots but this have not materialized since it was mooted 3 years ago. Other proposals that we have made include the eco-bus transport and park and ride several years ago but this was not considered.
11. Lastly, the most serious matter that needs to be replied to here, is the allegation that money collected as rent from these premises and contract to manage the parking was given to a "crony" and that there is malicious intent with someone financially exploiting the situation. We are quite happy for any investigation regarding this matter is done, as the processes of vetting, selection and transaction were conducted in orderly and is transparent. The processes and operations have been made known to Audit Negara and Ministry of Higher Education, through various channels and therefore nothing was done illegally as suggested by the author. The money gained from these enterprises will be ploughed back to the hospital's operation. The government grants provided to UMMC (for example for 2018) are approximately RM400 million a year (salary takes up to RM312 million) and the need to operate the hospital comes to about RM560 million a year (with the aid of other government sources). UMMC uses financial sources such as parking and rental to make up for this, and thus this collected funds are used to provide the medications and other services such as radiology, endoscopy etc. needed by patients since UMMC patients are heavily subsidized. This is reflected by the low charges imposed on patients. For example; ICU bed per night is only RM80 (compared to private practices which can go up to RM2500 or more per night), consultation is only RM5 to RM15 (as compared to RM75 or more), simple surgeries such as trigger finger release is RM 40 (whereas it would cost RM1500 or more in private centres) and there are many other examples. Of this, our data shows that over 70% of our total number of patients are non-paying patients. These figures and the return of collected money to patients are clearly reported in our annual reports, which is available to anyone on-line from our website. So therefore, when the author write "these blood suckers are raking profits…" the best guess would be that the author is referring to UMMC patients as the blood suckers who are benefiting from the monies collected to treat them.
In general, what the author claims here are anecdotal (and in many instances are just hyped up lies) and although we appreciate that the author may be facing difficulties, the matter could have been resolved if these were discussed through proper channels. We are somewhat saddened that the author has made such wild allegations and as such, we are happy if the author can provide evidence and reveal his/her sources that are claimed to exist. It would appear that if there is no evidence to this, then these writings are nothing more than mere slander; intentionally and maliciously done just to rile up negative public opinions against UMMC; an institution that has done many good things for patients and for the rakyat for over half a century. Such evil and spiteful intent cannot be left unheeded and therefore if the public has any information to the whereabouts of the author, do let UMMC know so that justice can be served.
We ask the good public of whom UMMC have dedicated ourselves and our lives to selflessly, to help UMMC by spreading this message using any social media available to them, as it is unfair for such wicked claims be spread and not held accountable for. We thank you all for your good deeds and intentions and May God bless you all.
UMMC MAAL HIJRAH CELEBRATION 1440H
On September 27, 2018, Maal Hijrah Celebration 1440h UMMC level runs with joy and abundance of knowledge flow. The program started with the inauguration by YM Director in the morning session then proceeded with two slots from the invited speakers.
In the rest area participants are provided booth taken from PPZ, Bank Islam, Pemangkin and also book sales from Lensa Kuliah. The program is ended with a forum slot from the special appearance of qasidah ahbabul habib group.
Hopefully, better migration missions will always be implied in the spirit of the entire staff of UMMC all the time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Как редактировать json-файл через SSH на сервере с помощью Python и выводить данные на HTML-сайте? Мне нужно постоянно на протяжении ~1 часа редактировать json-файл и на протяжении этого времени выводить содержимое этого файла на HTML-сайт используя Python. Пытался пока что только редактировать файл через FTP/SFTP но ничего не получилось.

A: Примерно так, использую библиотеки paramiko и json
import paramiko, json, time

def ssh_json_edit(ssh_port, ssh_host, ssh_user, ssh_psw, remote_json, duration, sleep):
    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    ssh.connect(ssh_host, ssh_port, ssh_user, ssh_psw)

    local_json = remote_json.rsplit('/', 1)[-1]  # 'file.json'
    t0 = t = time.monotonic()
    with ssh.open_sftp() as sftp:
        while (t - t0) < duration:  # на протяжении ~1 часа
            sftp.get(remote_json, local_json)  # скачать с ssh на диск

            with open(local_json) as f:
                json_data = json.load(f)  # читать с диска
            json_data['cat'] = 'new_cat'  # что-то редактировать в json
            with open(local_json, "w") as f:
                json.dump(json_data, f)  # сохранить на диск

            sftp.put(local_json, remote_json)  # загрузить обратно на ssh
            time.sleep(sleep)
            t = time.monotonic()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ssh_json_edit(
        ssh_port=22,
        ssh_host='192.168.1.1',
        ssh_user='username',
        ssh_psw='password',
        remote_json='usr/www/html/file.json',
        duration=3600,
        sleep=15,
    )

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
\section{Introduction}
Classical statistical physics typically deals with large systems composed of weakly interacting components,
which can be decomposed into (practically) independent sub-systems.
The phasespace volume $W$ or the number of states of such systems grows exponentially with system size $N$.
For example, the number of configurations in a spin system of $N$ independent spins is $W(N) = 2^N$.
For more complicated systems, however, where particles interact strongly, which are path-dependent, or whose
configurations become constrained, exponential phasespace growth no-longer occurs, and things become more interesting.
For example, in black holes the accessible number of states does not scale with the volume but with surface, which leads to
non-standard entropies and thermodynamics \cite{Beckenstein1974,Hawking1974,Thirring1970}.
A version of entropy that depends on the surface and the volume was recently suggested in \cite{biro}.

Other examples include systems with interactions on networks, path-dependent processes, co-evolving systems, and many
driven non-equilibrium systems. These systems are often non-ergodic and are referred to as {\em complex systems}.
For these systems, in general, the classical statistical description based on Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics fails to make correct predictions
with respect of the thermodynamic, the information theoretic, or the maximum entropy related aspects \cite{thurner_corominas_hanel17}.
Often the underlying statistics is then dominated by fat-tailed distributions, and power-laws in particular.
There have been considerable efforts to understand the origin of power-law statistics in complex systems.
Some progress was made for systems with sub-exponentially growing phasespace.
It was shown that systems whose phasespace grow as power laws, $W(N) \sim N^b$, are tightly related to so-called Tsallis statistics \cite{Sato2005}.

The tremendous variety and richness of complex systems has led to the question whether it is possible to classify them in terms of their statistical behavior.
Given such a classification, is it possible to arrive at a generalized concept of the statistical physics of complex systems, or do
we have to establish the statistical physics framework for every particular system independently?
For sub-exponentially growing systems such a classification was attempted by characterizing
stochastic systems in terms of two scaling exponents of their extensive entropy \cite{hanel-thurner11a}.
The first scaling exponent is recovered from the relation $\frac{S(\lambda W)}{S(W)} \sim \lambda ^c$,
which is valid if the first three Shannon-Khinchin axioms (see supplementary material) are valid (the fourth, the composition axiom, can be violated),
and if the entropy is of so-called trace form,
which means that it can be expressed as $S=\sum_i^W g(p_i)$, where $p_i$ is the probability for state $i$, and $g$ some function.
The second scaling exponent $d$ is obtained from a scaling relation that involves the re-scaling of the number of states  $W \to W^a$.
With these two scaling exponents $c$ and $d$ it becomes possible to classify sub-exponentially growing systems that fulfil the first three
Shannon-Khinchin axioms \cite{hanel-thurner11a}.
Further, the exponents $c$ and $d$ characterize the extensive entropy, $S_{c,d} \sim \sum \Gamma(1+d, c\log(p_i))$.
Practically all entropies that were suggested within the past three decades, are special cases of this $(c,d)$-entropy,
including Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy ($c=1$, $d=1$),
Tsallis entropy ($d=0$),
Kaniadakis entropy ($c=1$, $d=1$) \cite{kaniadakis02},
Anteonodo-Plastino entropy  ($c=1$, $d>0$) \cite{Anteneodo1999},
and all others that  fulfil the first three Shannon-Khinchin axioms.
In \cite{hanel-thurner11b} it was then shown that the exponents $c$ and $d$ are tightly related with phasespace growth of the underlaying systems.
In fact, they can be derived from the knowledge of $W(N)$, ${1}/{(1-c)}= \lim_{N \to \infty} N W' /  W$,  and
$d= \lim_{N \to \infty}  \log  W  \left( W /  (NW') +c-1 \right)$.

For super-exponential systems such a classification is hitherto missing.
These systems include important examples of stochastic complex systems that
form new states as a result of the interactions of elements. These are systems that--besides
their combinatorial number of states (e.g. exponential)--form additional states that emerge as {\em structures}
from the components. The total number of states then grows super-exponentially with respect to system size,
e.g. the number of elements.
Stochastic systems with elements that can occupy several states (more than one) and that can form structures
with other elements, are generally super-exponential systems.
{It} was pointed out in \cite{Jensen16} that such systems might exhibit non-trivial thermodynamical properties.

An example for such systems are magnetic coins of the following kind.
Imagine a set of $N$ coins that come in two states, up and down. There are $2^N$
states. However, these coins are ``magnetic'', and any two of them can stick to each other, forming a new bond state (neither up nor down).
If there are $N=2$ coins, there are five states: the usual four states, uu, ud, du, dd, and a fifth state `bond'.
If there are $N=3$ coins, there are 14 states, the $2^3$ combinatorial states, and six states involving bond states:
state 9 is bond between coin 1 and 2, with the third  coin up, state 10 is the same bond state with the third coin down,
state 11 is a bond between 1 and 3 with the second con up, 12 the same bond with the second coin down, state 12 is a bond between
2 and 3,  with the first state up, and finally, state 14 is the bond between 2 and 3 with the first coin down.
It can be easily shown that the recursive formula for the number of states is,
$W_{}(N+1) = 2 W_{}(N) + N W_{}(N-1)$, which, for large $N$, grows as $W_{}(N) \sim N^{N/2} e^{2 \sqrt{N}}$, see \cite{Jensen16}.

In this paper we show that it is indeed possible to find a complete classification of complex stochastic systems, including the super-exponential case.
By expanding a generic phasespace volume $W_{}(N)$ in a Poincar\'{e} expansion, we will see that for any possibility
of phase space growth, there exists a sequence of unique expansion coefficients that are nothing but scaling exponents
that describe systems in their large size limit.
The {\em set} of scaling exponents gives us the full classification of complex systems in the sense that two systems belong to the same universality class,
if it is possible to rescale one into the other with exactly these exponents.
The framework presented here has been proposed in \cite{Hanel_thurner13}
and generalizes the classification approach of \cite{hanel-thurner11a,hanel-thurner11b}.
It includes the sub-exponential systems as a special case.
We show further that these exponents can be used straight forwardly to express--with a few additional requirements--the
corresponding extensive entropy, which is the basis for the thermodynamic properties of the system.
Finally, we see  in several examples that many systems are fully characterized by a very few exponents.
Technical details and auxiliary results are presented in the supplementary material. We reference to the supplementary material in the corresponding parts of the main text. However, readers may also go through the supplementary material before they continue reading.
We use the following notation for applying a function $f$ for $n$ times, $f^{(n)}(x) = \underbrace{f(\dots(f(x))\dots)}_{n \ times}$.

\section{Rescaling phasespace}

Suppose that phasespace volume depends on system size $N$ (e.g. number of elements) as $W(N)$.
We use the  Poincar\'{e} asymptotic expansion for the $l+1$ th logarithm of $W$,
\begin{equation}
	\log^{(l+1)} W(N) = \sum_{j=0}^{n} c_j \phi_{j}(N) + {\cal O} (\phi_n(N)) \quad ,
\label{Poin}
\end{equation}
where $\phi_{j}(N) = \log^{({j}+1)}(N)$ for $N \rightarrow \infty$.
A uniqueness theorem (see e.g. \cite{copson}) states that the asymptotic expansion exists and is uniquely determined for any $W(N)$
for which $\log^{(l+1)} W(N) = {\cal O} (\phi_0(N))$, see supplementary material.

To see how the exponents $c_j$ correspond to scaling exponents, let us define a sequence of re-scaling operations,
\begin{equation}
	r^{(n)}_\lambda(x) = \exp^{(n)}[\lambda \log^{(n)}(x)]\quad  .
\end{equation}
For example $r^{(0)}_\lambda(x) = \lambda x$, $r^{(1)}_\lambda(x) = x^\lambda$, etc. Obviously, $r^{(n)}_1(x) = x$.
The scaling operations obey the composition rule
\begin{equation}
	r^{(n)}_\lambda[r^{(n)}_{\lambda'}(x)] = r^{(n)}_{\lambda \lambda'}(x) \quad .
\label{eq:resc}
\end{equation}
We can now investigate the scaling behavior of the phasespace volume in the thermodynamic limit, $N \gg 1$.
The leading order of the scaling is given by the first rescaling $r_0$.
We show in the supplementary material that the rescaling of phasespace is asymptotically described by
\begin{equation}\label{eq:scaling}
	W(r^{(0)}_\lambda(N)) \sim r^{(l)}_{\lambda^{c^{(l)}_{0}}}(W(N)) \ \Rightarrow \ \frac{\log^{(l)} W(\lambda N)}{\log^{(l)} W(N)} \sim \lambda^{c^{(l)}_{0}} \quad ,
\end{equation}
where $c^{(l)}_{0} \in \mathds{R}$ is the leading exponent, and $l$ is determined from the condition that $c_0^{(l)}$ should be finite.
Thus, to leading order, the sample space grows as $W(N) \sim \exp^{(l)}\left(N^{c^{(l)}_{0}}\right)$.
We now identify the scaling laws for the sub-leading corrections through higher-order rescalings $W(r^{(k)}_\lambda(N))$.
We get (see supplementary material)
\begin{equation}\label{eq:sub}
	\frac{\log^{(l)} W(r^{(k)}_\lambda(N))}{\log^{(l)} W(N)} \prod_{j=0}^{k-1}
	\left(\frac{\log^{(j)}(r^{(k)}_\lambda(N))}{\log^{(j)}(N)}\right)^{- c^{(l)}_{j}} \sim \lambda^{c^{(l)}_{k}} \quad .
\end{equation}
Equivalently, one can express this relation as,
$W(r^{(k)}_\lambda(N)) \sim  r^{(l)}_{\sigma_k(N)}(W(N))$,
where $\sigma_k(N) = \prod_{j=0}^{k} \left(\frac{\log^{(j)}(r^{(k)}_\lambda(N))}{\log^{(j)}(N)}\right)^{c^{(l)}_{j}}$.
To extract $c^{(l)}_{j}$, take the derivative of Eq. (\ref{eq:scaling}) w.r.t. $\lambda$, set $\lambda=1$ and {consider} the limit $N \rightarrow \infty$.
For the leading scaling exponent we obtain
\begin{equation}
c^{(l)}_{0} = \lim_{N \rightarrow \infty} \frac{N W'(N)}{\prod_{i=0}^l \log^{(i)}W(N)} \quad . \label{depp}
\end{equation}
The scaling exponent corresponding to the $k$-th order is obtained in a similar way and reads,
\scriptsize
\begin{equation}\label{eq:clk}
	c^{(l)}_{k} =
	\lim_{N \rightarrow \infty}  \log^{(k)}(N) \left( \log^{(k-1)}(N)  \left( \dots \left( \log(N)  \left(\frac{N W'(N)}{\prod_{i=0}^l \log^{(i)}W(N)}-c^{(l)}_{0}\right)
	- c^{(l)}_{1}\right)\dots \right) -c^{(l)}_{(k-1)}\right)
\end{equation}
\normalsize
 This expression is not identically {equal} to zero, because the expression on the r.h.s. of Eq. (\ref{depp}) becomes $c^{(l)}_{0}$ only in the limit.

As a result, the phasespace volume grows as
\begin{equation}
	W(N) \sim \exp^{(l)}\left[\prod_{j=0}^{n} \left(\log^{(j)}(N)\right)^{c^{(l)}_{j}}\right] \quad,
\end{equation}
which is nothing but the Poincar\'{e} asymptotic expansion in Eq. (\ref{Poin}).
In the supplementary material we show that the formulas for $c_j$, given by the theory of asymptotic expansions,
correspond to the formulas for scaling exponents $c_j^{(l)}$ and therefore it is indeed possible to express {\em any} $W(N)$
in terms of an asymptotic expansion that is based on the sequence $\phi_n(N)$.
The expansion coefficients are scaling exponents determined by the rescaling of phasespace.
{Here $n$ denotes the minimal number of expansion terms. In the typical situations, only a few scaling exponents are non-zero. If all exponents are non-zero, we can truncate the expansion after a few terms and still preserve a high level of precision. In many realistic situations it is enough to consider $n=2$.}
The estimation of the leading order exponent can be tricky,
because looking for the order $l$ incorporates calculation of several infinite limits.
Therefore, it is convenient to use an approach based on the corresponding extensive entropy.

\section{The extensive entropy}

The extensive entropy can be obtained by following an idea exposed in \cite{hanel-thurner11a,hanel-thurner11b}.
Let's assume a so-called {trace-form} entropy for some probability distribution $P = (p_1,\dots,p_W)$
\begin{equation}\label{eq:trace}
	S_g(p) = \sum_{i=1}^W g(p_i) \quad ,
\end{equation}
where $g$ is some function.
The aim is to find such a function $g$, for which the entropy functional $S_g$ is {\em extensive} for a given $W(N)$.
Assuming that no prior information about the system is given, we consider uniform probabilities $p_i = 1/W$.
The extensivity condition can be expressed by an equation for $g$, which is \cite{hanel-thurner11b}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:ext}
	S_{g}(W(N)) =  W(N)\, g(1/W(N)) \sim N \quad \mathrm{for} \ N \gg 1 \quad .
\end{equation}
{Alternatively, it is possible to define the extensive entropy as the solution of Euler's differential equation, see also \cite{biro},
\begin{equation}
N\, \frac{\mathrm{d} S(W(N))}{\mathrm{d}N} = S(W(N)).
\end{equation}}
The question now is, how the scaling exponents of $W(N)$ are related to scaling exponents of $S_g(W)$.
We begin with the first scaling operation $r^{(0)}$.
One can show that for $N \gg 1$, we have
\begin{equation}\label{eq:ent}
	S_g(r_\lambda^{(0)}(W)) \sim r^{(0)}_{\lambda^{d_0}}(S_g(W))
	\Rightarrow  \lambda \frac{g\left(\frac{1}{\lambda W(N)}\right)}{g\left(\frac{1}{W(N)}\right)} \sim \lambda^{d_0} \quad  .
\end{equation}
Thus, $g(x) \sim (1/x)^{d_0-1}$ for $x \rightarrow 0$.
Again, it is possible to determine the relation for the $n$ th scaling exponent
\begin{equation}\label{eq:entsub}
	\frac{g(1/r_\lambda^{(n)}(W))\, r_\lambda^{(n)}(W)}{g(1/W) \, W} \prod_{j=0}^{k-1} \left(\frac{\log^{(j)}
	(r_\lambda^{(n)}(W))}{\log^{(j)}(W)}\right)^{-d_j} \sim \lambda^{d_n} \quad ,
\end{equation}
or equivalently,
$S_g(r_\lambda^{(n)}(W)) \sim r_{\rho_n(W)}^{(0)}(S_g(W))$,
where $\rho_n(W) = \prod_{j=0}^{n} \left(\frac{\log^{(j)} (\lambda^{(k)}(W))}{\log^{(j)}(W)}\right)^{d_j}$.
We can extract the scaling exponents $d_n$ by the same procedure as for $c^{(l)}_{k}$ by taking the derivative w.r.t. $\lambda$,
setting $\lambda=1$ and performing the limit.
For the first exponent we get
\begin{equation}
	d_0 = \lim_{W \rightarrow \infty} \left(1 - \frac{g'(1/W)}{W g(1/W)}\right) \quad  .
\end{equation}
De L'Hospital's rule and applying the extensivity condition of Eq. (\ref{eq:ext}) gives $g'(W(N)) \sim N$, and
\begin{equation}
	d_0 = \lim_{N \rightarrow \infty} \frac{W(N)}{N W'(N)} \quad .
\end{equation}
We mentioned this result already above.
The $n$ th term can be found analogously to be
\scriptsize
\begin{equation}\label{eq:dn}
	d_n = \lim_{N \rightarrow \infty} \log^{(n)}(W) \left(\log^{(n-1)}(W) \left(\dots  \left( \log(W)  \left(\frac{W(N)}{N W'(N)}-d_0\right)
	-d_1 \right) \dots \right) -d_{n-1}\right)\quad  .
\end{equation}
\normalsize
We can now relate the scaling exponents $c^{(l)}_{k}$ and $d_n$ by comparing Eqs. (\ref{eq:clk}) and (\ref{eq:dn}).
For this we use a similar notation as for the exponents $c^{(l)}_k$ and assign $d^{(l)}_0 \equiv d_l$
to the first  non-zero exponent, $d_l \neq 0$.
All higher terms are denoted by $d^{(l)}_k = d_{l+k}$.
Using the fact that $N \sim (\log^{(l)}W)^{1/c^{(l)}_0}$, we finally obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
        \begin{array}{ll}
                    d^{(l)}_0 = \frac{1}{c^{(l)}_{0}}  \\[.3cm]
         d^{(l)}_k = -\frac{c^{(l)}_{k}}{c^{(l)}_{0}}, & k = 1,2,\dots \quad .\\
        \end{array}
\end{eqnarray}
The corresponding extensive entropy can now be characterized by the function $g(x)$,
which scales as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:g}
g^{{(l,n)}}(x) \sim x \prod_{j=0}^{n} \left(\log^{(j+l)} \frac{1}{x} \right)^{d^{(l)}_j} \quad \mathrm{for} \ x \rightarrow 0\, .
\end{equation}
the corresponding entropy scales as
\begin{equation}
	S^{{(l,n)}}_g(W) \sim \prod_{j=0}^{n} \left(\log^{(j+l)}W \right)^{d^{(l)}_j} \quad.
\label{scal}
\end{equation}
This equation is nothing but the asymptotic expansion of $\log S_g$ in terms of $\phi_{n+l}(N) = \log^{(n+l+1)}(N)$;
the coefficients are again the scaling exponents that correspond to the rescaling of the entropy.

Note that the entropy approach allows us to obtain additional restrictions for the scaling exponents if further information
about the system is available.
For example, many systems fulfil the first three of the four Shannon-Khinchin ({SK}) axioms, see supplementary material.
There we also show that it is possible to find a representation of the entropy that obeys the three axioms and the
scaling in Eq. (\ref{scal}).
In this case $g(x)$ can be expressed as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:entropy}
	g^{{(l,n)}}_{\left(d^{(l)}_0,\dots,d^{(l)}_n\right)}(x) = \int_0^{x} \prod_{i=0}^{n} \left[a_i + [1+\log]^{(i+l)}\left(\frac{1}{y}\right)\right]^{d^{(l)}_i} \mathrm{d} y \quad,
\end{equation}
where $a_i$ are constants. One possible choice for those is
\begin{equation}\label{eq:ai}
	a_i  =  \max\left\{ -1 - \frac{d^{(l)}_i}{(n-l)d^{(l)}_0},0\right\} \quad .
\end{equation}
The axioms impose restrictions on the range of scaling exponents.
({SK2}) requires that $d^{(l)}_0 > 0$; ({SK3}) requires that $d^{(0)}_0 \equiv d_0 < 1$.
The resulting entropy can be expressed by Eq. (\ref{eq:ent}).
One can trivially adjust the entropy minimal value, such that for the totally ordered state, $\mathcal{S}_g(1) = 0$.
This is obtained by rescaling
\begin{equation}
	\mathcal{S}_g(P) = r^{(-1)}_\lambda(S_g(P)) = \left(\sum_{i=1}^W g(p_i)\right) - g(1) \quad ,
\end{equation}
where $\lambda = \exp(g(1))$. Note that the form of the entropy in Eq (\ref{eq:entropy})
is equivalent to $(c,d)$-entropy for $c=1-d_0$ and $d=d_1$,
and $d_j = 0$ for all $j \geq 2$.

\section{Examples}

We conclude with several examples of systems that are characterized by different sets of scaling exponents.

{\em Exponential growth: the random walk}.
Imagine the ordinary random walk with two possibilities at any timestep--a step to the left, or to the right.
The number of possible configurations (i.e. possible paths) after $N$ steps is
\begin{equation}
	W_{}(N+1) = 2 W_{}(N) \quad,
\end{equation}
which means exponential phasespace growth, $W_{}(N) = 2^N$.
We obtain $l=1$, $c^{(1)}_0=1$ and $c^{(1)
}_j = 0$, for $j \geq 1$, and
for the exponents of the entropy $d_0 = 0$, $d_1\equiv d^{(1)}_0=1$ and $d_j = 0$, for $j \geq 2$.
This set of exponents belongs to the class of $(c,d)$-entropies described in \cite{hanel-thurner11a} for $c=1-d_0 = 1$, and $d=d_1=1$.
They correspond to the scaling exponents of the Shannon entropy:
from (\ref{eq:g}) we obtain that $g(x) \sim x \log x$ and from (\ref{scal}) we get $S(W) \sim \log W$, which is Boltzmann entropy.
It is not immediately apparent what the entropy of a random walk should be.
However, the random walk is equivalent to spin system of $N$ independent spins, the $2^N$ different paths correspond one-to-one to the
$2^N$ configurations in the spin model, where the role entropy of it is clear.
Obviously, for the random walk,  (SK 1-3) are applicable.

 {\em Sub-exponential growth: the aging random walk}.
In this variation of the random walk we impose correlations on the walk.
After the first random choice (left or right) the walker goes one step in that direction.
The second random choice is followed by two steps in the same direction, the next step is followed by three steps in the same direction, etc.
For $k$ independent choices, one has to make {$N = \sum_{i=1}^{k-1} i = 1/2 k(k-1)$ steps.
For this walk, we get that the number of possible paths is
\begin{equation}
	W_{}\left(N+k\right) = 2 W_{}\left(N\right) \quad ,
\end{equation}
which leads to $W(N) = 2^{N/k} \sim 2^{k/2}$. For $N \gg 1$, we have $k \approx \sqrt{N}$, and we obtain a stretched exponential (sub-exponential) asymptotic behavior, $W_{}(N) \sim 2^{\sqrt{N}}$.}
The order is again $l=1$ and the exponents are $c^{(1)}_0 = 1/2$ and $c^{(1)}_j = 0$, for $j \geq 1$.
In terms of the $d$ exponents we have $d_0=0$ and $d_1 \equiv d^{(1)}_0 =2$.
Therefore, the three SK axioms are applicable and the resulting extensive entropy belongs to the class of entropies
characterized by the Anteodo-Plastino entropy, since we have $g(x) \sim x (\log x)^2$ and $S(W) \sim (\log W)^2$.
This entropy is the special case of the $(c,d)$-entropy  for $c=1$ and $d=2$, see \cite{hanel-thurner11a}.

 {\em Super-exponential growth: magnetic coins}.
Consider $N$ coins with two states (up or down). These coins are magnetic, so that any two can stick to each other to create a pair
which is a third state obtained by interactions of elements (one possible configuration).
As mentioned before, in \cite{Jensen16} it is shown that the phasespace volume can be obtained recursively
\begin{equation}
	W_{}(N+1) = 2 W_{}(N) + N W_{}(N-1) \quad .
\end{equation}
For $N \gg 1$, we get $W_{}(N) \sim N^{N/2} e^{2 \sqrt{N}}$, which yields $l=1$, and the scaling exponents
$c^{(1)}_0 = 1$, $c^{(1)}_1 = 1$ and $c^{(1)}_j = 0$, for $j \geq 2$.
The scaling exponents of the entropy are $d_0=0$, $d_1 \equiv d^{(1)}_0=1$, and $d_2 \equiv d^{(1)}_1=-1$.
For the entropy this means, that $g(x) \sim x \log x/ \log \log x$ and $S(W) \sim \log W/\log \log W$.
This case is {\em not} contained in the class of $(c,d)$-entropies, because the third exponent,
corresponding to the doubly-logarithmic correction, is not zero. Actually we obtain $c=1$ and $d=1$,
which would naively indicate Shannon entropy. However, the correction makes the system clearly super-exponential.
The SK axioms are still applicable, the class of accessible entropy formulas is restricted by ({SK2}).
For example, for the representative entropy Eq. (\ref{eq:entropy}) we find that $a_0 \geq 0$ and $a_1 \geq 0$, see supplementary material.

{\em Super-exponential growth: random networks}.
Imagine a random network with $N$ nodes.
When a new node is added, there emerge $N$ new possible links, which gives us $2^N$ new possible configurations for each configuration of the network with $N$ links.
We obtain the recursive growth equation
\begin{equation}
	W_{}(N+1) = 2^N W_{}(N) \quad ,
\end{equation}
which leads to $W_{}(N) = 2^{{N}\choose{2}}$, as expected.
For this phasespace growth, we obtain $l=1$, $c_0^{(1)} = 2$ and  $c_j^{(1)} = 0$ for $j \geq 1$, and
$d_0=0$ and $d_1 \equiv d^{(1)}_0 =\frac{1}{2}$.
The corresponding entropy can be expressed by $g(x) \sim x (\log x)^{1/2}$,
and $S(W) \sim (\log W)^{1/2}$. The entropy corresponds to the class of compressed exponentials,
which are super-exponential, however, the entropy belongs to the class of $(c,d)$-entropies for $c=1$ and $d=1/2$.
Because all exponents are positive the entropy observes the SK axioms.

 {\em Super-exponential growth: the cascading random walk}.
 Consider a generalization of the random walk, where a walker can take a left or right step, but it can also
 split into two walkers, one of which then goes left, the other to the right.
Each walker can then go left, right, or split again (multiple walkers can occupy the same position).
The number of possible paths after $N$ steps is
\begin{equation}
W_{}(N+1) = 2 W_{}(N)+W_{}(N)^2 \quad ,
\end{equation}
where the first term reflects the left/right decisions, the second the splittings.
We have $W_{}(N) = 2^{(2^{N-1})}-1$, and find
that $l=2$, $c_0^{(2)}=1$ and $c_j^{(2)}=0$, for $j \geq 1$, and $d_0 =0$, $d_1=0$ and $d_2 \equiv d^{(2)}_0 = 1$.
The corresponding extensive entropy is $g(x) \sim x \, \log \log(x)$ and scales as $S(W) \sim \log \log W$.
Because the coefficients are not negative, SK axioms are applicable.
However, even though all correction scaling exponents are zero, the system cannot be described in terms of $(c,d)$-entropies,
because $l=2$.
We would naively obtain that $c=1$ and $d=0$, which would wrongly correspond to Tsallis entropy.
Alternatively, we can think of an example of a spin system with the same scaling exponents. In this case, $N$ would not describe the size of a system, but its dimension. For $N=1$, we would have two particles on the line, for $N=2$ we have 4 particles forming a square,
for $N=3$ we have a cube with 8 particles in its vertices, etc. In general, we can think of a spin system of particles sitting
on the vertices of a $N$-dimensional hypercube.
The number of particles is naturally $2^N$ and for two possible spins we obtain $W(N) = 2^{(2^N)}$.

\section{Conclusions}
We introduced a comprehensive classification of complex systems in the thermodynamic limit based on the rescaling properties of their phasespace volume.
From a scaling-expansion of the phasespace growth with system size, we obtain a set of scaling exponents,
which uniquely characterize the statistical structure of the given system.
Restrictions on the scaling exponents can be obtained with further information about the system.
In this context we discuss the first three Shannon-Khinchin axioms, which are valid for many complex systems. The set of exponents further determine the scaling exponents of the corresponding extensive entropy,
which plays a central role in the thermodynamics of statistical systems. Thermodynamics is not the only context where entropy appears.
As was shown in \cite{thurner_corominas_hanel17} for many complex systems the functional expressions for entropy depend on the context,
in particular if one talks about the thermodynamic (extensive) entropy, the information theoretic entropy,
or the entropy that appears in the maximum entropy principle.
It remains to be seen if for super-exponential systems there exists an underlying relation between the scaling exponents of the extensive entropy,
and the exponents obtained from a information theoretic, or maximum entropy description of the same complex systems.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
We thank the participants of CSH workshop for helpful initial discussion, in particular Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen, Tam\'{a}s S\'{a}ndor Bir\'{o}, Piergiulio Tempesta and Jan Naudts. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under project I3073.

\section*{References}
\bibliographystyle{iopart-num}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


We had company over on the weekend and it's a known fact that chocolate is their favourite. So of course, how could I not oblige.
This is a chocolate cupcake with chocolate Swiss meringue buttercream and a brownie on top – just cuz!
The chocolate cupcake is your basic recipe. One of my favourites is from Martha Stewart.
The real start of the show is the Swiss meringue buttercream. There is something about this icing that is just so perfect. It's buttery. It's creamy. It's sweet but not too sweet. I've tried sharing this recipe with friends but that point where you add the butter and it curdles but then comes back again always seems to scare people away from it.
I recently saw this recipe from The Purple Cupcake and it is the real deal. Watch the video first to see what to expect when you are making up a batch of this sinfully rich, just give me a spoon, icing!
I love that perfectly white meringue that is the base of this icing.
Next when you add in the butter it becomes creamy and smooth. Sooo good!
I added in a 1/3 cup of melted semisweet chocolate chips at this point to make my chocolate Swiss meringue buttercream. You could also add in dark cocoa powder (but I was out so I improvised).
This was the perfect finish to our meal on Sunday night.
Have you made Swiss Meringue Buttercream? What is your favourite icing recipe? Finally, which camp are you – chocolate or vanilla?


text:
The Helpless And The Helping
And I don't mean all those desperate people waiting for help in New Orleans.
I mean our President. I suppose one could substitute "clueless" for "helpless," but in the end they pretty much come to the same thing.
I didn't think I'd be writing this kind of post. For myself, I'm corny enough to feel that you only got one President, and when he's leading the nation in the context of a national tragedy, you give him the benefit of the doubt.
So, although I thought it was perfectly all right to bring up issues that attach themselves to a category 5 hurricane hitting a major city and causing the failure of the levees that are supposed to keep it from becoming uninhabitable, issues like the cutting of funds previously earmarked for defending against that possiblity; my impulse was to refrain from language that puts the fault for this particlar happening directly on the shoulders of the President; we can't be sure if the full funds had been appropriated, "Katrina" wouldn't have triumphed.
And the matter of the levees and whether they have turned out to be the right answer for New Orleans is a question in itself.
Then, this morning, listening to NPR, I heard a voice that could only have been George W. Bush's say something to the effect that "nobody could have anticipated the breaching of the levees." Nobody could have anticipated the breaching of the levees? Truth to tell, he might have only said "nobody anticipated the breaching of the levees," but that's just as bad.
It will be poetic justice if either version becomes the final mantra of this Bush administration. "No one anticipated the breaching of the levees."
How disconnected from reality does a President have to be to be able to make either statement? People have been anticipating the flooding of New Orleans for years now, and the role of hurricanes in several possible scenarios of destruction have become almost rampant since that hurricane named "Andrew" hit Florida.
Are we really dealing here with a President who thinks that shutting his eyes, putting his thumbs in his ears and stamping his feet will make unpleasant facts go away. Is that the true meaning of "staying the course?"
Not that anyone on the right would deign to actually look at an actual episode of NOW with Bill Moyers, but in September of 2002, NOW did a two part series examining the issue of New Orleans and hurricanes.
The Mississippi River delta is disappearing. One of America's most vibrant and productive ecological regions is slipping into the Gulf of Mexico at an alarming rate. Every year, a chunk of land nearly as big as Manhattan crumbles and washes away. As it erodes, it not only threatens one of the country's most abundant fisheries and a vital home for wildlife, but it imperils the nation's energy supply. And, as the coast of Louisiana continues to slip away, tens of thousands of lives are at risk from devastating hurricanes. The crisis in the delta could reach catastrophic levels in the next few decades, with far-reaching environmental, human, and economic consequences.
NOW presents the story of the disappearing delta in two parts: "Losing Ground," uncovers how one of the biggest civil engineering projects in U.S. history — the leveeing of the Mississippi River — has brought Louisiana and the nation to the brink of what could be the most costly environmental disaster in history.
"The City in a Bowl," NOW with Bill Moyers returns to the Mississippi River delta to examine another ominous effect of this crisis — the risk that a massive hurricane could drown New Orleans gets worse every single year.
My memory of this was jogged by reader Hobson in comments.
Here's a short selection from the transcript of "Losing Ground."
ZWERDLING: The US Army took over the job in the late 1800s and every time they thought they'd conquered nature, the Mississippi River proved them wrong. So the Army's Corps of Engineers built more walls, and they built them higher. It's been one of the biggest engineering projects in history. Today, the Army manages more than two thousand miles of levees, and they've finally won the war — they've stopped the flooding in Louisiana.
OLIVER HOUCK: And so the project was, from an engineering point of view, brilliant, brilliant. From an environmental standpoint, it was a disaster. And it was a disaster because all of that bed load, all of that material that had built south Louisiana for thousands of years, now was thrown away like a waste product into the deep Gulf. And Louisiana was poised like a patient in a hospital. It was put on a starvation diet. It wasn't killed it was just made weak and susceptible to attack. And in about the 1930's the attack came.
ZWERDLING: That 'attack' was the oil and gas boom. All the big companies flocked here. They ripped up the wetlands to get to the energy underneath.
ZWERDLING: Back then, hardly anybody realized the consequences and the whole country got the benefits. The companies sold us energy, the Army kept homes in Louisiana dry. But Reed says now we know the price: the wetlands are sinking into the Gulf.
And the link to New Orleans and its levees? From the transcript of "City In A Bowl:"
DANIEL ZWERDLING: The American Red Cross lists the worst natural disasters that might strike America. They worry about earthquakes in California, and tropical storms in Florida. But they say the biggest catastrophe could be a hurricane hitting New Orleans.
People have known for centuries that they picked a risky spot to build this city. In fact, some of the first French settlers wanted to abandon it.
The biggest river on the continent snakes around it. Most of the land here is below sea level. And every time people tried to expand the city, the Mississippi promptly flooded it.
DANIEL ZWERDLING: Why did people stay here? I'm, it became obvious very, very quickly after the French came that this was a really lousy place to live.
OLIVER HOUCK: They made a lot of money. They made a lot of money because they were the transfer point for all the shipping that came out of the belly of the country and went to France and went to South America and went to England and all of the ships coming in, you had to pass by New Orleans.
DANIEL ZWERDLING: So they launched what's become one of the biggest construction projects in history. To protect their investments. As of today, the us arm has built 2000 miles of levees to stop the Mississippi from flooding. And until recently, scientists thought that these walls of soil and concrete and steel had made New Orleans safe. They never dreamed that the levees would come back to haunt them.
OLIVER HOUCK: So the irony of history and the evolution of the problem has been that we've been like one of those old citadels in an adventure story, defended ourselves against the enemy that we knew, which was the river. But to the rear and to the flank was this other threat that we're only beginning now to appreciate, and it may be too late to prevent.
Both transcripts and the background information NOW always includes about subjects it tackles are well worth reading.
MJS of MortalJive has a surprising and fascinating analysis of what makes our President...woof.
NOW TO THE HELPING:
MoveOn is launching a web-based emergency national housing drive to connect empty beds with people who need shelter while reclamation of disaster struck areas goes forward. Naturally, the most useful offers must come from people who live relatively near the disaster areas. A reasonable driving distance is being defined as 300 miles.
MoveOn is setting up a website, hurricanehousing.org
From an email signed by Noah Weiner:
But no matter where you live, your housing could still make a world of difference to a person or family in need, so please offer what you can.
The process is simple:
You can sign up to become a host by posting a description of whatever housing you have available, along with contact information. You can change or remove your offer at any time.
Hurricane victims, local and national relief organizations, friends and relatives can search the site for housing. We'll do everything we can to get your offers where they are needed most. Many shelters actually already have Internet access, but folks without 'net access can still make use of the site through case workers and family members.
Hurricane victims or relief agencies will contact hosts and together decide if it's a good match and make the necessary travel arrangements. The host's address is not released until a particular match is agreed on.
If hosting doesn't work for you, please consider donating to the Red Cross to help with the enormous tasks of rescue and recovery. You can give online at:
http://www.moveon.org/r?r=859
As progressives, we share a core belief that we are all in this together, and today is an important chance to put that idea to work. There are thousands of families who have just lost everything and need a place to stay dry. Let's do what we can to help.
http://www.hurricanehousing.org
Thanks for being there when it matters most.
That pretty much seems to say it all.
link to this post - by Leah A : 3:39 PM |


A few weeks ago we set WPCC members and all of our contacts a challenge…..to help us name our new mascot!
We received lots of name suggestions, and it was a tough challenge to find a name! Sue & Audrey WPCC coordinators shortlisted, and gave their top three names to Chair of Trustees Anne!
Congratulations to Jacqui & family who have won a £20 voucher to spend in Sainsburie's and a pass to a Shelsley Walsh Hill Clim of their choice!


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1967 'Eleanor' Ford Mustang that starred in 'Gone in 60 Seconds' is for sale
Ronan Glon
12 January 2021, 7:45 am ·2 min read
While enthusiasts can buy a replica of the 1967 Ford Mustang that starred in the 2000 movie "Gone in 60 Seconds" from a number of aftermarket tuners, the real Eleanors rarely come up for sale. One of the three cars that survived filming is up for grabs, but you'll need to ship it across the pond if you want to re-create the movie.
German dealer Chrome Cars listed the Mustang, which wears chassis number 7R02C173895, on its website. It explained that it's the seventh of 11 examples built by Cinema Vehicle Services (CVS), and it's special because it's one of the so-called hero cars that actors like Nicolas Cage and Angelina Jolie were filmed in. Its status as a hero car also explains why it wasn't destroyed in a high-speed chase or by a crash landing after a jump.
CVS sold the surviving cars to collectors, and No. 7 reached Germany after spending time in England. It's sold in running and driving condition. Power comes from a 351-cubic-inch (5.7-liter in its adoptive country) V8 engine built by Ford Racing and tuned to develop about 400 horsepower. It spins the rear wheels via a four-speed manual transmission. CVS also gave the hero cars rack-and-pinion steering, a nine-inch rear end, and a redesigned suspension. The selling dealer notes that this Mustang has covered about 72,815 miles since 2000, so it sounds like its V8 has enjoyed the unrestricted parts of Germany's autobahn network on a regular basis. It's familiar with Californian highways, too, because Chrome Cars took it on a trip to Los Angeles after buying it.
Pricing hasn't been published, it's available upon request, but we estimate it'll take a seven-digit offer to add this Mustang to your collection. Replicas aren't cheap — some of the better ones are priced in supercar territory, and Chrome Cars points out that the car it listed sold for $1 million at a Mecum auction in 2013. It appreciated even faster than it accelerates; another surviving movie car traded hands for $216,700 including fees in 2009.
Roll like His Airness in this Mercedes SLR McLaren previously owned by Michael Jordan
Remembering Pierre Cardin's automotive legacy
Gymkhana is back, as Travis Pastrana jumps a speedboat and hits 150 mph
Host Pinky Webb calmly flips her hair as Harry Roque loses temper during live interview
Some people need to take a chill pill. Presidential Spokesman Harry Roque became visibly annoyed during a television interview today with CNN Philippines host Pinky Webb when the latter asked if he was willing to denounce the government's decision to terminate its 1989 agreement with the University of the Philippines (UP). The drama started when ... This article, Host Pinky Webb calmly flips her hair as Harry Roque loses temper during live interview, originally appeared on Coconuts, Asia's leading alternative media company.
Tennis: Locked down players should get preferential treatment - Vallverdu


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Rockland SCORE, located in Suffern, New York, is staffed with volunteers from a variety of business backgrounds and are dedicated to assisting clients start their own business or helping those already in business.


This property has a number of buildings that we renovated. The original stone cottage received a face lift and a new stone family room. The brick house received a new entry porch, mudroom, and pergola to allow the owner's mother to better utilize the house. The property then received a new stone and board/ batten sided barn to house equipment, a workshop, and storage.


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Meet the Fitbit Versa Special Edition - an all-day companion that helps you live your best life. This lightweight, water resistant smartwatch empowers you to reach health and fitness goals with actionable insights, personalised guidance, on-screen workouts and much more. Run your day with notifications, quick replies, apps and music, all within a 24mm square LCD screen. Includes a choice of small and large interchangeable woven lavender straps. Water resistant 50m.


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Apple suppliers caught 'selling customers' personal data' on Chinese black market
The scam had netted more than 50 million yuan ($7.36 million), police said.
By Jason Murdock
Updated June 9, 2017 16:53 BST
The 'leaf' on the logo of Apple store turns green to welcome the World Earth Day on April 20, 2016 in Shenyang, Liaoning Province of China VCG/Getty Images
More than a dozen individuals have been arrested by Chinese authorities on suspicion of selling Apple customers' personal account information stolen from internal computer systems as part of a significant underground criminal operation, it emerged this week (7 June).
Both AFP and Chinese state media have reported that police in eastern China last month arrested 22 suspects as part of an investigation into the illicit trading, a scam believed to be worth more than 50 million yuan ($7.36 million) in total. 20 of those suspects were linked to Apple, it emerged.
Read more on IBTimes UK Technology
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Former FBI chief James Comey says 'no doubt' Russia-linked hackers leaked DNC files
Initially uncovering the scheme in January 2017, state media said the suspects were working with Apple as part of outsourced "direct sales" and marketing.
The 20 Apple-linked individuals, arrested across four regions, were selling off the stolen data for money.
The compromised personal information reportedly included customer names, mobile numbers, Apple IDs and more. It has not yet been revealed if the stolen data was from users solely based in China, or if international customers were also impacted.
Apple declined to comment on the incident.
According to an official statement released by local police in the Zhejiang province in southern China, first reported by AFP, suspects were detained on "suspicion of infringing individuals' privacy and illegally obtaining their digital personal information."
Reports suggest that the trading of stolen personal information is relatively common in the region, however a fresh new cybersecurity law – enacted on 1 June – has been designed to change that.
Like the EU's upcoming GDPR, it promises to levy huge fines on firms which fail to protect data.
Yet according to the Financial Times, technology giants and large businesses operating in China believe the cybersecurity law could give domestic firms an unfair competitive advantage and could even be exploited to help officials steal trade secrets from foreign companies.
"The law is both extremely vague and exceptionally wide in scope, potentially putting companies at risk of regulatory enforcement that is not related to cybersecurity," Carly Ramsey, associate director at Control Risks, a risk management firm, told FT at the time.
It's not the first case of Apple employees being caught in a privacy scandal. Last year, four staffers in Australia were fired after being accused of sharing nude images from customers' phones and rating them out of 10. Apple later claimed it found "'no evidence" photos were inappropriately transferred.
Note: This article was updated on 9 June 2017 to clarify the 20 individuals arrested in China were not direct employees of Apple, but instead from an outsourcing company.
This article was first published on June 8, 2017


 "No More Broken Promises, No More Broken Hearts, No More Silent Cries"
What good is it, my brothers and sisters, if someone claims to have faith but has no deeds? Can such faith save them? Suppose a brother or a sister is without clothes and daily food. If one of you says to them, "Go in peace; keep warm and well fed," but does nothing about their physical needs, what good is it? In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead.
The Road to Triumph and Recovery: Domestic Violence Survivor Wendy Shares Her Story.


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The Capital Cable #63: North Korea in 2023
Please join us for a special discussion on North Korea in 2023 with Mr. Sydney Seiler, the National Intelligence Officer for North Korea at the National Intelligence Council.
Event by Mark Lippert , Sydney Seiler , and Sue Mi Terry — January 26, 2023
Dramatic and ongoing construction progress continues throughout the eastern and central sections of the Sohae Satellite Launching Station, including new construction near the horizontal engine test stand.
In this episode, Dr. Victor Cha is joined by Mr. Christopher B. Johnstone to discuss the implications of Japan's new National Defense Strategy for the United States and Korea, the Biden-Kishida Summit, and ROK-Japan bilateral relations.
Event by John J. Hamre , Joseph S. Nye Jr. , Victor Cha , Katrin Fraser Katz , and Vincent Brooks — January 19, 2023
Amid new challenges, the United States and South Korea must re-examine its approach to North Korea policy and U.S. extended deterrence. Explore the recommendations of the CSIS Commission on the Korean Peninsula in this interactive report.
Assessment of South Korea's New Indo-Pacific Strategy
South Korea's Indo-Pacific Strategy has come under scrutiny in the United States and China. It is a key indicator of how Seoul will align itself with Washington or Beijing in the Indo-Pacific after years of "strategic ambiguity" pursued under the previous Moon government.
Commentary by Ellen Kim — January 19, 2023
A new report from the CSIS Commission on the Korean Peninsula offers actionable recommendations for navigating North Korea policy and strengthening U.S. extended deterrence.
CSIS Commission on the Korean Peninsula Releases Landmark Report on Enhancing Extended Deterrence with South Korea
Bipartisan report offers new recommendations for U.S. policy toward North Korea and strengthening U.S. extended deterrence.
The Capital Cable #62: Korea-Japan Relations in 2023
Please join the CSIS Korea Chair for an episode of "The Capital Cable" with Mr. Christopher B. Johnstone, senior adviser and Japan Chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Event by Victor Cha , Christopher B. Johnstone , and Sue Mi Terry — January 11, 2023


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TRUTOUCH RS Series
Lesson Creation Software
Online Knowledge Base
Newline University
Newline Announces Third Consecutive Appearance on the Annual Inc. 5000 List
For the 3rd Time, Newline Interactive Appears on the Annual List of Fastest Growing Companies, Ranking No. 406 With Three-Year Revenue Growth of 1127.9%
Plano, TX, August 14, 2019 – Inc. magazine revealed that Newline Interactive is No. 406 on the annual Inc. 5000 list, the most prestigious ranking of the nation's fastest-growing private companies. The list represents a unique look at the most successful companies within the American economy's most dynamic segment—its independent small businesses.
"We are honored and humbled to be a part of such an influential group of entrepreneurs," stated Chris Bradford, President of Newline Interactive. "Our significant growth rate is a direct result of not only our culture and people, but our commitment to quality, innovation and customer support – the importance of which cannot be understated."
This marks the third consecutive year that Newline Interactive has made the annual list in the top 500, an honor only shared with 17 other companies, or less than 4% of the total list. Additionally, Newline is the only manufacturer of interactive touch panels in the top 500. The organization has established itself as the leading provider of interactive display technology for businesses and schools across the country.
"The companies on this year's Inc. 5000 have followed so many different paths to success," says Inc. editor in chief James Ledbetter. "There's no single course you can follow or investment you can take that will guarantee this kind of spectacular growth. But what they have in common is persistence and seizing opportunities."
More about Newline Interactive
Founded in 2012, Newline Interactive provides exceptional experiences to corporations, universities, government agencies, healthcare and schools with their multi-touch interactive panels, accessories and software. The continual innovation and product development Newline practices results in the company's reputation as a world-class organization without exception. Find out more at newline-interactive.com.
More about Inc. and the Inc. 5000
The 2019 Inc. 5000 is ranked according to percentage revenue growth when comparing 2015 and 2018. To qualify, companies must have been founded and generating revenue by March 31, 2015. They had to be U.S.-based, privately held, for profit, and independent—not subsidiaries or divisions of other companies—as of December 31, 2018. (Since then, a number of companies on the list have gone public or been acquired.) The minimum revenue required for 2015 is $100,000; the minimum for 2018 is $2 million. As always, Inc. reserves the right to decline applicants for subjective reasons. Companies on the Inc. 500 are featured in Inc.'s September issue. They represent the top tier of the Inc. 5000, which can be found at http://www.inc.com/inc5000.
Newline Announces Second Consecutive Ranking on the Annual Deloitte Fast 500 List
Interactive Touchscreens in the Classroom
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Book: Whispers under the Baobab by Darlene Jones
The old lady is dead, but she could still destroy him. When rebel leader, Sidu Diagho, learns that reporter Flo Mc Allister has died, he knows that her power to destroy him is still very much alive. Flo was with him during the coup attempts. She saw everything, yet has remained silent all these years. But Sidu could still be tried at The Hague for his crimes with her notes the testimony needed to [...]
Book: Immersed in West Africa - My Solo Journey Across Senegal, Mauritania, The Gambia, Guinea and Guinea Bissau by Terry Eugene Lister
It's Africa! Immersed in West Africa is NOT one of those cookie-cutter guide books. This is the powerful on-the-ground diary of one man's solo journey through West Africa. For roughly 60 days, Terry Lister traveled across Senegal, Mauritania, the Gambia, Guinea and Guinea Bissau. What he experienced touched both his spirit and his soul. The ups and downs of travel, the people, the transport, the [...]
Book: Spirit Rider (Sahara Rose Series) by Evergreen Susan Amundson
When Jayne Masterson looks in the eyes of her new quarterhorse mare, she sees a gentle soul waiting to emerge. When she lands in the dirt, she begins a journey of healing through animal communication, natural horsemanship and the ancient Mayan teachings of the medicine wheel. But, is it her horse, or herself who needs healing?
Book: Gifts of the Storm (Sahara Rose Series) by Evergreen Susan Amundson
From children's pageants to the glitzy world of expensive horse shows, 'dress up, look pretty, and smile' was the story of Maureen's life. Now, her husband chooses another woman, leaving Maureen and her pre-teen daughter faced with broken fences and four equine mouths to feed. When a stray dog wanders onto her farm, Maureen finds her life complicated by a retired rodeo cowboy and a 2,300 pound [...]
Book: KHAMSIN, The Devil Wind of The Nile by Inge H. Borg
Forbidden Love. Lust for Gold and Power. Wrath of the Devil Wind. The joyous birth of Nefret, Royal Daughter of Egypt's First Dynasty, is overshadowed by her mother's death, and King Aha's suspicion he may not have fathered her. The young princess's education is left to Ramose, High Priest of Ptah, who vies for control over his weak Horus-King as does the vile Vizier. Each man takes full [...]
Book: I Yearn For You My Sultan by Suzanne C. Suber
I Yearn For You My Sultan is an intimate mixture of exoticism and romantic fantasy that celebrates the intensity of desire. The poems and stories contained are not based on facts, but rather on the sensual creativity of a writer who thrives on the romantic aspects of life. These verses are written to carry you into the dynamics of the human experience, in essence, through the deeper meanings of [...]
Book: Winter Bear Woman (Sahara Rose Series) by Evergreen Susan Amundson
Escaping from a bad relationship, Kate Pearson points her car north and keeps driving. Her journey leads her to Lake Superior and a small cabin in the northwoods where she finds Olivia, a fiber artist looking for a caretaker and companion. Kate is plunged into a country life filled with fiber, knitting, weaving, and caring for a small herd of sheep. Her new life begins to unravel when she is [...]
Book: Torn From On High (The Free City Series Book 2) by S. F. Chapman
Finally back in Free City after he solved an exhausting kidnapping case in the Outer Solar System, Inspector Ryo Trop of the Free City Inquisitor's Office is called out of early retirement to put an end to a puzzling crime wave. Someone is murdering Space Debris Salvage workers. In the moldering ruins following the Second Amero-Asian War, unrest is rampant just outside of Free City in the huge [...]
Book: The Guardian's Chronicles - A New Dawn by Ann H Barlow
It all begins in the small village of Clayton, where a seemingly ordinary girl must leave everything behind and set off on a journey that leads her to understand that we are not alone in this world. Her name is Sahara, and her only friend is a voice from within, leading her towards the unknown. First to Paris to change her identity, while danger lurks in every shadow. In a turbulent world where [...]
Book: A Principality of Bullets by Timothy Alexander Mason
The story is about a fictional mysterious historian known as Ravengaddafi. After hearing about the infamous gunrunner Choppa, Ravengaddafi travels to the African Sahara to meet with this gun king, and chronicle the truth of his story in his own words. My sisters inspired me to write this book. The style I used was not your standard manuscript format but a book within a book, in the sense I write [...]
Book: The Story of Thaddeus Black, Part One by Damien Dsoul
The sequel to 'The Story of Michael' finds Thaddeus Black, a New York City private detective, travel to Nigeria and search for his missing son Michael who himself had gone searching for his kidnapped girlfriend. Thaddeus is reluctant to take up the case, but changes his mind when he realizes how connected he is with the missing child... even more so as he is brainwashed and becomes involved with [...]
Book: Twit Publishing Presents - PULP! Summer/Fall 2010
An anthology of genre fiction that embodies the origins of the medium. This is a mix of a variety of styles, from horror and scifi to western and crime fiction. It even has a little dieselpunk thrown in. From the Foreword: "I named this anthology Twit Publishing Presents: PULP! for two reasons: First, I wanted an anthology that represented the spirit of the old pulp magazines, if not the exact [...]
Book: Me and My Shadow by Ray Matthews
What kind of man runs 100 miles at the age of 70 and what makes anyone want to run 100 miles? Throughout a lifetime, everyone has the opportunity to meet truly exceptional people. Ray is one of them. From being a cocky ginger haired, Yorkshire lad who just wanted to have a go at boxing, to his recent 100km Sahara Desert race, Ray's life is truly inspiring and anyone seeking to take on the [...]


Michael Rakowitz, The Invisible Enemy Should Not Exist, Room Z Northwest Palace of Nimrud, Z-b-3 and Z-b-1, 2018, Middle Eastern packaging and newspapers, glue, cardboard on wooden structures, Z-b-3: 93.5 x 29.5 x 3.25 inches, Z-b-1: 93.5 x 58.5 x 3.25 inches.
Rhona Hoffman is pleased to present the gallery's third solo exhibition with Michael Rakowitz. Continuing the artist's ongoing project The Invisible Enemy Should Not Exist, the exhibition features a representation of the Northwest Palace of Nimrud's Room Z, which was destroyed by ISIS in 2015. Also on view is the related video The Ballad of Special Ops Cody from 2017.
The gallery's architecture has been transformed into the layout of Room Z in King Ashurnasirpal II's 9th century BC palace (near present-day Mosul in northern Iraq), which stood uncovered as a powerful testament to the Assyrian Golden Age from its 1854 excavation by British archaeologists until its tragic destruction in 2015. Working with a team of assistants, Michael Rakowitz has reconstructed the monumental limestone reliefs that once lined the palace walls with depictions of apkallu or winged guardians with human heads, who hold offerings of pollen and young date fronds, beneath cuneiform extolling the King's greatness. Room Z appears as it stood at the time of its untimely demise with only seven of thirteen panels present. Michael Rakowitz recalls the previous removal of six panels, now located in collections of Western museums, by leaving a blank space and museum label showing those reliefs' provenance. Thus acknowledging the continued history of displacement in Iraq, Michael Rakowitz creates what he calls a palimpsest of different moments of removal.
Unlike the three millennia old stone, the artist's chosen materials are contemporary Middle Eastern newspapers and packaging from northern Iraqi foods like date cookies and date syrup. For Michael Rakowitz, the salvage of these vulnerable materials speaks to the human, economic, and ecological catastrophes wrought by the Iraq War and its aftermath. The vibrant color scheme references archaeologists' understanding of the original appearance of the panels. Room Z is the latest chapter in Michael Rakowitz's project The Invisible Enemy Should Not Exist, which aims to reconstitute the artifacts stolen from the National Museum of Iraq in the aftermath of the US invasion in 2003 and the continued desire to destroy Mesopotamian cultural heritage. Since 2007, Michael Rakowitz has reconstructed more than 700 monuments and artifacts, most prominently a majestic Lamassu destroyed by ISIS in Nineveh, which currently stands in London's Trafalgar Square as the Mayor of London's Fourth Plinth commission (2018-2020).
The Ballad of Special Ops Cody was produced on the occasion of Rakowitz's solo exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago in 2017. In the stop-motion animation, an action figure voiced by a veteran of the Iraq War confronts Mesopotamian votive statues inside the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago. The video rearticulates a 2005 incident wherein Iraqi insurgents staged a hostage video using a souvenir action figure, Special Ops Cody. Here, the figure offers the statues liberation, urging them to leave their open vitrines and go back to their homes. Using sculpture and film, Michael Rakowitz unites people across cultures in seeing the irreplaceable loss that occurs when we disregard each others' humanity.
The artist would like to thank Jean M. Evans, PhD, Chief Curator and Deputy Director, Oriental Institute Museum, and Kiersten Neumann, PhD, Curator, Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago.
Reliefs built with the assistance of Yani Aviles, Daniel Baird, J. Michael Ford, Erin Hayden, Frances Lee, Noël Morical, Annie Raccuglia, and Jeff Robinson.
Michael Rakowitz (b. 1973, New York) is an Iraqi-American conceptual artist who lives and works in Chicago. His work has been exhibited in venues around the globe, including dOCUMENTA (13), The Museum of Modern Art, MoMA PS1, MASS MoCA, Castello di Rivoli, the 16th Biennale of Sydney, the 10th Istanbul Biennial, Sharjah Biennial 8, Tirana Biennale, and Transmediale 05. He has had solo exhibitions at Tate Modern in London, Kunstraum Innsbruck, and the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago. In 2019, Rakowitz will present a solo exhibition at REDCAT in Los Angeles, a major retrospective at Castello di Rivoli in Turin and at the Whitechapel Gallery in London, and will participate in the Sharjah Biennial 14. Michael Rakowitz won the 2018 Fourth Plinth commission and is presenting a monumental work from The Invisible Enemy Should Not Exist in London's Trafalgar Square. For the inaugural FRONT International: Cleveland Triennial for Contemporary Art (2018), Michael Rakowitz conceived a city-wide participatory project A Color Removed, which he conceived in response to the shooting of Tamir Rice by Cleveland police in 2014.