text:
Preston James Richard Wilson (born July 19, 1974) is an American former professional baseball center fielder. He played all or parts of ten seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1998 to 2007 for the New York Mets, Florida Marlins, Colorado Rockies, Washington Nationals, Houston Astros and St. Louis Cardinals. He is both the nephew and stepson of former New York Mets outfielder Mookie Wilson. (Mookie married Wilson's mother after his brother fathered Wilson.)

Professional career

New York Mets
At age 17, Wilson was drafted by the Mets out of Bamberg-Ehrhardt High School in the first round of the 1992 MLB draft. The Baseball America 1992 High School Player of the Year, Wilson was ranked among the top 100 prospects in baseball by the magazine four times between 1993 and 1998. He was known to be an aggressive hitter, according to scouts and media sources, based on his propensity to swing at the first pitch and his high strikeout rates.

After spending five seasons below Triple A and a season in 1998 in the Australian Baseball League with the Hunter Eagles, Wilson finally reached the majors in May 1998. Two weeks after joining the Mets, he was traded to the Florida Marlins with two other minor leaguers for Mike Piazza. He returned to the minor leagues for most of the season.

Florida Marlins
In 1999, Wilson was the Marlins' regular center fielder. Wilson led the team in home runs and runs batted in as a rookie, and he finished second in the NL Rookie of the Year balloting to Cincinnati Reds reliever Scott Williamson.

The following season, Wilson joined the 30–30 club, slugging 31 home runs and stealing 36 bases. He added 121 RBIs, good for eighth in the National League. In 2000, he led the major leagues in power-speed number (33.3). Wilson also lived up to his reputation as a free swinger, nearly setting a new record for most strikeouts in a season. His total of 187 fell two shy of Bobby Bonds' record at the time.

Wilson hit 23 home runs in each of the following two seasons, though his overall production dipped, partially due to missed games.

Colorado Rockies
After the 2002 season, Wilson was involved in a six-player deal which sent him and three other players to the Colorado Rockies for Juan Pierre and Mike Hampton. Wilson rebounded in 2003, when he set career highs with a .282 batting average, 43 doubles, and 36 home runs. He also led the National League with 141 runs batted in and was named to his first All-Star team.

Bothered by a knee injury in 2004, Wilson was limited to 58 games.

Washington Nationals
Wilson was acquired by the Washington Nationals in July 2005 for pitcher Zach Day and outfielder J. J. Davis. He led the team in homers and RBIs during the second half of the season, finishing with 25 and 90 respectively.

Houston Astros
In the 2005 offseason, Wilson signed a one-year deal worth $4 million with the Houston Astros, with a team option of three additional years at $24 million and a buyout of $500,000. Previously a center fielder, Wilson shifted to left since Willy Taveras, the previous season's Rookie of the Year runner-up, was already occupying the position.
On April 17, 2006, Wilson set an Astros record by striking out five times in a single game. This tied the MLB record. Despite early struggles, Wilson was batting .284 with 46 RBIs at the 2006 All-Star Break, with the potential for another 100+ RBI season. However, his power numbers were well below his previous years.

St. Louis Cardinals
The St. Louis Cardinals signed Wilson on August 18, 2006. The Cardinals took another chance on a discarded veteran since veteran center fielder Jim Edmonds was out with post concussion syndrome. Wilson was designated for assignment by Houston on Saturday, August 12, before ultimately being given his release. He joined his new team six days later and was immediately inserted into the starting lineup. Wilson batted sixth and played right field, with Juan Encarnación moving to center field. He made an instant impact for the Cardinals, hitting a home run in an 11–3 rout of the Chicago Cubs on the 18th. The Cardinals went on to become World Champions, giving Wilson a World Series ring, as his stepfather Mookie had in 1986.

The Cardinals re-signed Wilson for 2007, but he suffered a knee injury in early May and missed the rest of the 2007 season. After the end of the 2007 season Wilson was released. Wilson generated little interest during spring training 2008, leaving him a free agent.

On February 14, 2009, Wilson announced his retirement from Major League Baseball.

Long Island Ducks
On March 21, 2009, Preston was signed by the Long Island Ducks. He played under another former New York Mets player in Gary Carter, who was the manager of the Ducks. Wilson played in 48 games for the Ducks, hitting .304 with 7 home runs, 37 RBI, a .344 on-base percentage, and a .474 slugging percentage. He did not return to the Ducks for the 2010 season, and was considering a comeback to the major leagues, but never played professionally again.

After baseball
Wilson spent several years as an analyst for Fox Sports Florida's coverage of the Miami Marlins alongside former Marlins players Jeff Conine and Carl Pavano. In 2016, Wilson, along with Eduardo Perez and Al Leiter, served as an analyst with play-by-play man Rich Waltz. This analyst rotation come about after the Marlins fired longtime analyst Tommy Hutton after the 2015 season. Also in 2016, when his Marlins schedule did not conflict, Wilson served as an analyst for MLB Network. Additionally, Wilson hosted "Marlins Clubhouse", a magazine-style TV show for Fox Sports Florida.

Starting in the 2018 season, Wilson worked for the AT&T Sports Network covering the Houston Astros as a field reporter.

See also
 30–30 club
 List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders
 List of second-generation Major League Baseball players

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball players from South Carolina
Binghamton Mets players
Calgary Cannons players
Capital City Bombers players
Charlotte Knights players
Colorado Rockies players
Florida Marlins players
Houston Astros players
Kingsport Mets players
Long Island Ducks players
Major League Baseball center fielders
MLB Network personalities
National League All-Stars
National League RBI champions
New York Mets players
Norfolk Tides players
People from Bamberg, South Carolina
Pittsfield Mets players
St. Louis Cardinals players
St. Lucie Mets players
Tulsa Drillers players
Washington Nationals players
American expatriate baseball players in Australia
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
M.V. Q U E E N V I C T O R I A 2007
RETURN TO THE HOMEPAGE THE CUNARDERS
Welcome to our Queen Victoria website. This website is part of our Cunard Queens website celebrating these renowned ocean liners.
The Queen Victoria is the first purpose built cruise ship to join the Cunard fleet since the RMS Caronia of 1948, which was affectionately known as the Green Goddess. This giant new cruise ship, larger than the QE2 but smaller than the RMS Queen Mary 2 is sure to set new standards for cruising and continue the legend of the Cunard Queens well into the future.The Queen Victoria is being built by the Italian shipbuilders, Fincantieri S.p.A. and her design is inspired by Holland America Line's "Vista" class ships.
Click here to hear her mighty whistle
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeD93OYGPu4
However the Queen Victoria has had a rather confusing start in life. She was originally ordered in 2001 and was scheduled to enter service in 2005. Then it was decided that this vessel should be switched to the P&O Cruises fleet and become, Arcadia and so entered service in 2005. As a result Cunard Line ordered a replacement Queen Victoria vessel taking into account lessons learnt from the early experience with the new Queen Mary 2 and this ship is to enter service in 2007 as the Queen Victoria. In 2008 she will make her maiden world cruise thus joining the legendary QE2 and the famous Queen Mary 2 in this noble tradition.
A CRUISE SHIP FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
Cunard Line - Introduction to the Queen Victoria
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNOYKdpvYfY
"I name this ship, Queen Victoria. May God bless her and all who sail in her."
Words of Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall at the Naming Ceremony, 10th December 2007
Her Regular Role:
Worldwide Cruising
CUNARD LINE, SOUTHAMPTON
(c) Cruise Travel 2007 A China Visa from UK website

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Франк Монтани () е бивш пилот от Формула 1. Роден на 5 януари 1978 година във Фер, Франция.

Формула 1
Франк Монтани прави своя дебют във Формула 1 в Голямата награда на Европа през 2006 година. В световния шампионат записва 7 състезания като не успява да спечели точки. Състезава се за отбора на Супер Агури.

Източници

Монтани, Франк


True-vision.net is ranked #1,165,852 among the most popular web sites, the lower the rank indicator the more popular is the web site and the more visitors it has. True-vision.net is registered in 2001-05-31 owned by TRUE VISION, website's age 17 years, 10 months, 22 days years. The number of unique users visiting this website every day is 427. Each individual visits 2.3 unique pages per day. Approximate time spent on a web site 03:50. It has an average of 1,210 pages indexed in major search engines like Google™. There are an average of 131 links pointing back to true-vision.net from other websites. True-vision.net daily advertisement revenue is $9 USD. According to our analysis the approximate value of the website is $3,074 US Dollars. Most popular search engine request "true". Google PageRank™ of the website is 0 of 10. True-vision.net reputation rank is of 100. Average time of a website's page load is - seconds. The web site is not listed in DMOZ open directory project.
True Vision is a web development and design company based in Riga. We create the experiences, platforms and communities online to deliver real results.
True-vision.net is visited by around 427 unique visitors per day. Every visitor of this website viewing approximately 2.3 pages per day.
We found 131 backlinks to True-vision.net from other web sites. The largest number of backward links are 0, the smallest number of links are 0, the average number of links are 0 refer to this web site.
Using information from users, and other reliable sources, True-vision.net has the reputation 100 out of 100.
The top queries driving traffic to True-vision.net from search engines.
Visitor's map indicates that True-vision.net has 427 daily visitors from 1 countries, 69.60% of visitors come from Latvia .
The IP address of True-vision.net is 178.79.143.77.
From the HTTP headers of True-vision.net, you will know that HTTP status code is HTTP/1.1 200 OK, server name is nginx/0.8.52 + Phusion Passenger 3.0.0 (mod_rails/mod_rack).
The chart shows how True-vision.net indexed in major search engines.


text:
granulite parent rock
As metamorphic rocks change under heat and pressure, their ingredients recombine into new minerals that are suited to the conditions. Some assemblages such as sapphirine + quartzindicate very high temperatures. 25-8. The minerals found in the rocks of the granulite facies include pyroxene, biotite, garnet, calcium plagioclase, and quartz or olivine. Both clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene may be present, and in fact, the coexistence of clino- and orthopyroxene in a metabasite (metamorphed basalt) defines the granulite facies. Granite. The five rocks are blueschist, greenschist, amphibolite, granulite, and eclogite. They are of particular interest to geologists because many granulites represent samples of the deep continental crust. Topic. Granulite - At the highest grades of metamorphism most of the hydrous minerals and sheet silicates become unstable and thus there are few minerals present that would show a preferred orientation. Parent Rock: Shale or Mudstone: Metamorphic Environment: Contact metamorphism; immediately adjacent to igneous intrusion at shallow depths: Previous: Metamorphic Rock Home Page: Granulites (Latin granulum, "a little grain") is a name used by petrographers to designate two distinct classes of rocks. They are medium to coarse–grained and mainly composed of feldspars sometimes associated with quartz and anhydrous ferromagnesian minerals, with granoblastic texture and gneissose to massive structure. Corrections? A characteristic of this facies is the low content of water, which has been forced out of the rock by the high pressure and temperature. In some cases, the high temperatures are difficult to account for at the inferred depths at typical geothermal gradients. A variety of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks can be the protolith of hornfels. A granulites may be visually quite distinct with abundant small pink or red pyralspite garnets in a 'granular' holocrystalline matrix. In some granulites they interlock, with irregular borders; in others they have been drawn out and flattened into tapering lenticles by crushing. are formed. In continental crustal rocks, biotite may break down at high temperatures to form orthopyroxene + potassium feldspar + water, producing a granulite. Metamorphism occurs when solid rock changes in composition and/or texture without the mineral crystals melting, which is how igneous rock is generated. Laccolith. Grujic et al. Produced by platy minerals growing in direction of least stress. I recall that gneiss is the highest grade because it is..."nice". Fig. This application has not been accepted generally. Metamorphic Rock # 12. Blueschist. The concept of metamorphic facies is a systematic way to look at the mineral assemblages in rocks and determine a potential range of pressure and temperature (P/T) conditions that were present when they formed. In rocks of basaltic composition, the granulite facies is an anhydrous facies that results from progressive dehydration of amphibolites at high temperature. Charnockite (/ ˈtʃɑːrnəkaɪt /) is applied to any orthopyroxene -bearing quartz - feldspar rock, formed at high temperature and pressure, commonly found in granulite facies metamorphic regions, as an end-member of the charnockite series. Plutonic means that it is magma that does not reach the surface of the earth and so cools very slowly underground. Less intense temperatures and pressures form rocks of the epidote-amphibolite facies, and more intense temperatures and pressures form rocks of the granulite facies. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Garnet-granulite and pyroxene granulite are typical rocks from the lowermost continental crust. As in all metamorphic rocks, the composition of the parent rock exerts a strong control on the particular mineralogy that is observed. Giant pool of igneous rock, often hundreds of kilometers long and tall. Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Using the pull-down menus, match each item in the left column to the corresponding item in the right column. ACF diagram for the granulite facies. 8.3). Granulite facies, one of the major divisions of the mineral facies classification of metamorphic rocks, the rocks of which formed under the most intense temperature-pressure conditions usually found in regional metamorphism. Granulites are a class of high-grade metamorphic rocks of the granulite facies that have experienced high-temperature and moderate-pressure metamorphism. Mylonites form deep in the crust where temperature and pressure are high enough for the rocks to deform plastically (ductile deformation). Mylonite is a foliated metamorphic rock that is composed of intensely flattened minerals in a fine-grained streaked matrix. Instead it is a rock type that forms when an existing rock is metamorphosed. [This granitic meaning of granulite is now obsolete. Biggest rock … The origin of granulite facies rocks is complex and controversial. Sandstone Conglomerate Granite Limestone. In the rocks of this group the minerals, as seen in a microscopic slide, occur as small rounded grains forming a closely fitted mosaic. Transition between amphibolite and granulite facies is defined by these reaction isograds: Hornblende granulites subfacies is a transitional coexistence region of anhydrous and hydrated ferromagnesian minerals, so the above-mentioned isograds mark the boundary with pyroxene granulite subfacies – facies with completely anhydrous mineral assemblages. Batholith. Such restitic Intrusive means that it has moved into other rocks by force coming up from the mantle. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Mylonite is a metamorphic rock formed by ductile deformation during intense shearing encountered during folding and faulting, a process termed cataclastic or dynamic metamorphism. Also occurs in contact metamorphism and extreme metamorphism (granulite facies). Among English and American geologists the term is generally employed in this sense. Granulite is a fine-grained granular metamorphic rock in which the main component minerals are feldspars and quartz and forms at high temperature and pressure conditions. At the upper limit of the facies, migmatite formation may occur. Parent Rock of Gneiss. Britannica Kids Holiday Bundle! Granulite. The streak of Granulite is white. Bituminous Coal. Updates? Foliated (Latin for leaf) - grades from slate to phyllite to schist to gneiss. Large bubbled pool of igneous rock between rock layers. Metamorphic source rocks, the rocks that experience the metamorphism, are called the parent rock or protolith, from proto– meaning first, and lithos- meaning rock. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. A common type of granulite found in high-grade metamorphic rocks of the continents contains pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar and accessory garnet, oxides and possibly amphiboles. residues may, however, be present in granulite facies terranes if the parent rock giving rise to the granite had a negative Eu anomaly and a significant melt fraction were left behind with the residue. As in all metamorphic rocks, the composition of the parent rock exerts a strong control on the particular mineralogy that is observed. A high-grade metamorphic rock in which the silicates are dominantly water-free, eg, feldspars, garnet, pyroxene; the presence of feldspar and the absence of primary … 39 Greenschist, Amphibolite, Granulite Facies. A common type of granulite found in high-grade metamorphic rocks of the continents contains pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar and accessory garnet, oxides and possibly amphibole. Favorite Answer Granite IS a parent rock, made by fractional crystallization of magma/ lava with a predominant chemical composition and percentage of SiO2 (quartz). The chief composition of phyllite consists of … This rock is subjected to a greater degree of heat and pressure than slate, and also has larger crystals. Sandstone. ]To the German petrologists granulite means a more or less banded fine-grained metamorphic rock, consisting mainly of quartz and feldspar in very small irregular crystals and usually also containing a fair number of minute, rounded, pale-red garnets. Granulite: This is an even textured high grade metamorphic rock, with weak or no foliation, often fine parallel bands of dark minerals run through the rock. The granulites are very closely allied to the gneisses, as they consist of nearly the same minerals, but they are finer-grained, have usually less perfect foliation, are more frequently garnetiferous, and have some special features of microscopic structure. The composition range of common mafic rocks is shaded. A common type of granulite found in high-grade metamorphic rocks of the continents contains pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar and accessory garnet, oxides and possibly amphiboles. The most common mineral assemblage of granulite facies consists of antiperthitic plagioclase, alkali feldspar containing up to 50% albite and Al2O3-rich pyroxenes. The amphibolite to granulite facies rocks overlying the MCT occupies a vast expanse of Bhutan and is named the Thimphu Group/Great Himalayan Zone/HHC/Tibetan Slab (Fig. The minerals present in a granulite will vary depending on the parent rock of the granulite and the temperature and pressure conditions experienced during metamorphism. Top products from Egypt and Brazil MONTAUK, Detail information on the Shoshonite rock, Anticatto Stone Finishing Detail Information. This is especially true of the quartz and feldspar which are the predominant minerals; mica always appears as flat scales (irregular or rounded but not hexagonal). In most cases they are somewhat rounded with smaller grains between the larger. Both muscovite and biotite may be present and vary considerably in abundance; very commonly they have their flat sides parallel and give the rock a rudimentary schistosity, and they may be aggregated into bands in which case the granulites are indistinguishable from certain varieties of gneiss. Temperatures of 650–1,100 °C (1,200–2,000 °F) and pressures of 3 to 10 kilobars (1 kilobar equals about 15,000 pounds per square inch) may be reached. Which of the following is the parent rock for quartzite? Granulites form at high-temperature conditions at a range of pressure conditions, typically during regional metamorphism. According to the terminology of the French school it signifies a granite in which both kinds of mica (muscovite and biotite) occur, and corresponds to the German Granit, or to the English muscovite biotite granite. A common type of granulite found in high-grade metamorphic rocks of the continents contains pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar and accessory garnet, oxides and possibly amphiboles. Concentrations of garnets, micas, or amphiboles may form along a linear pattern resembling gneiss or migmatite banding. The minerals present in a granulite will vary depending on the parent rock of the granulite and the temperature and pressure conditions experienced during metamorphism. Rocks of other bulk compositions may retain some hydrous minerals, such as biotite and hornblende, but it is likely that water…. Granulite is similar to these topics: Metamorphic facies, Charnockite, Migmatite and more. noun a metamorphic rock composed of granular minerals of uniform size, as quartz, feldspar, or pyroxene, and showing a definite banding. Behavior of zircon in the upper-amphibolite to granulite facies schist/migmatite transition, Ryoke metamorphic belt, SW Japan: Constraints from the melt inclusions in zircon Parent Rock of Quartzite. Your email address will not be published. Some granulites may represent the residues of partial melting, and in other cases represent rocks that never melted, despite extremely high temperatures, because the minerals are anhydrous and therefore do not melt even at high temperature conditions. What is a metamorphic facies? NOW 50% OFF! Index minerals are helpful in determining isograds and metamorphic zones. They usually are filled with enclosed grains of the other minerals. A gneiss containing biotite mica as the major mafic component. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/granulite-facies. 5.2 Composition 5.2.1 Mineral Content Amphibole, Biotite, Feldspar, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Plagioclase, Quartz Granulite (mafic) Granulite: Granulite is a high-grade metamorphic rock in which Fe-Mg-silicates are dominantly hydroxyl-free; the presence of feldspar and the absence of primary muscovite are critical, cordierite may also be present.The mineral composition is to be indicated by prefixing the major constituents. The minerals present in a granulite will vary depending on the parent rock of the granulite and the temperature and pressure conditions experienced during metamorphism. Parent Rocks and Protoliths. Parent Rock: Shale or pelite Shale being the parent rock, is metamorphosed to become a fine grained phyllite, consisting of clay minerals. The minerals present in a granulite will vary depending on the parent rock of the granulite and the temperature and pressure conditions experienced during metamorphism. Granulite is fine to medium grained metamorphic rock with a granular of polygonal crystals.. Granulite is available in black, brown colors. Porous crystal Porphyroblastic crystal Poikiloblastic crystal Equidimensional crystals Porphyritic crystal Match the metamorphic rock with its parent rock. Most metamorphic processes take place deep underground, inside the earth's crust. The temperature and pressure conditions under which each rock occurs, and the rocks' diagnostic mineral assemblages, are shown in Figure 20.7. A common type of granulite found in high-grade metamorphic rocks of the continents contains pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar and accessory garnet, oxides and possibly amphiboles. Parent Rock of Athracite Coal. Under conditions of less intense metamorphism, rocks of the amphibolite facies (q.v.) During metamorphism, protolith chemistry is mildly changed by increased temperature (heat), a type of … What term means a large crystal in a finer-grained metamorphic rock? Thus, a rock of basaltic composition, metamorphosed to amphibolite facies, will recrystallize to form an amphibolite. Prentice Hall. Required fields are marked *. Nonfoliated - typical when parent rock is sandstone or limestone. Our editors will review what you've submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Some granulites experienced decompression from deep in the Earth to shallower crustal levels at high temperature; others cooled while remaining at depth in the Earth. The granulites facies is determined by the lower temperature boundary of 700 +/− 50 °C and the pressure range of 2–15 kb. The minerals present in a granulite will vary depending on the parent rock of the granulite and the temperature and pressure conditions experienced during metamorphism. The streak of a rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. (2002) made a division of this sequence into two segments with a thrust in between, the Kaghtang Thrust. The individual crystals never have perfect form, and indeed traces of it are rare. The minerals found in the rocks of the granulite facies include pyroxene, biotite, garnet, calcium plagioclase, and quartz or olivine. In extreme cases, granulites may form at temperatures in excess of 1000 °C. Granite Granite is the most common intrusive plutonic igneous rock. The original rock that was metamorphosed is usually referred to as the "parent rock" or "protolith". The garnets are very generally larger than the above-mentioned ingredients, and easily visible with the eye as pink spots on the broken surfaces of the rock. Depending on the original composition of and the pressure and temperature experienced by the protolith (parent rock), chemical reactions between minerals in the solid state produce new minerals. To know more about Worlds Of Stone,Visit this website, Your email address will not be published. Metamorphic grades describe rocks on a relative scale from less altered to more altered. 8.10 Garnet granulite, a high-grade metamorphic rock High-grade metamorphic rocks, which form at temperatures greater than about 600 °C, are usually quite coarse-grained and contain minerals easily identified in hand specimen. Hornfels is not a rock that is "deposited". Other possible minerals formed at dry conditions include sapphirine, spinel, sillimanite, and osumilite. Amphibole, diopside, epidote, plagioclase, almandine and grossular garnet, and wollastonite are minerals … I remember the order of the index minerals with the mnemonic "CBGSKS", which I read as "See Bigs kiss". In pelitic (fine-grained sedimentary) rocks, the appearance of index minerals indicates the degree of alteration. Omissions? Above gneiss, when the rock actually starts to melt, it is called a migmatite. The resulting rock will have a granulitic texture that is similar to a phaneritic texture in igneous rocks.
How Hard Is A Computer Science Masters, Best Korean Soybean Paste Brand, Silver Gradient Photoshop, Gfx 100 Viewfinder, Cloud Security Architect Training, Raconteur In A Sentence, New York Subway Photos, How To Transition 2 Different Carpets, Install Kali Tools On Linux Mint, Jvc Ls300 Used,


text:
Created on 25 June, 2019
Located adjacent to the Lafayette Square neighborhood in St. Louis, The Georgian will soon start welcoming its first tenants. Developed by the Pearl Companies, the adaptive reuse of a group of historic buildings will give way to 74 units beginning in late summer 2019.
The Georgian site was first home to the St. Louis City Hospital in 1845. The original complex was destroyed by a fire and rebuilt only to be destroyed by a cyclone. The third and final reincarnation of current complex was designed by Albert Groves and built in 1905, and although some portions have been lost throughout the years, much of the original fabric remains today. At a site with a rich history and character, Trivers is proud to present a design that reflects and enhances the historic relevance.
The renovation of the remaining 4 vacant buildings takes each unique building and emphasizes the remaining historic character to tell the building's story while maintaining a continuity across the project. At its apex all the buildings in the complex were connected with a series of corridors and tunnels. This connection is evident as you travel though the Service Building (1940), the Clinic Building (1921) and the one-story addition that connects the two. From the interior the division of buildings is blurred, making the circulation path a thread that unites the buildings. The design of the interior reflects this connection while offering distinguishing character for each building. This unique experience is applied at both the macro and the micro levels as it translates from the overall building design to the design of each individual unit. The Garage (1921) was previously used for housing Ambulances that served the hospital, for this reason the design of these spaces is more industrial with exposed masonry walls and ductwork to maintain the larger volume. The Commissioner Building (1907) has a grand historic entry with original ornament that will remain. This historic fabric gives this building a rich experience that is carried throughout the design with unit layouts that integrate perfectly with the massing for the original office function and the fenestration of the historic facade.
Due to the variety of buildings, structural systems, and vantage points, each unit has a unique layout and offers distinct experience. Within the units, the contemporary kitchens and bathrooms remain consistent carrying a unity throughout the project. The layouts create a modern apartment experience with a classic and timeless finish palette that will help the current development last in buildings that have endured through time.


text:
Flying Superhero To Take Flight At Great Adventure
Jackson, NJ -- Preparing for its 29th season of delivering record-breaking thrills, Six Flags Great Adventure today announces a next-generation roller coaster of epic proportions, Superman-Ultimate Flight, launching in the spring of 2003. Based on the DC Comics Super Hero Superman, the World's Greatest Super Hero and a timeless American icon, Superman-Ultimate Flight will be the only coaster of its kind in the Northeast.
Superman-Ultimate Flight's strong stature and phenomenal airborne experience promise mere mortals the opportunity to soar like super heroes and fly freely like never before.
"The name Superman evokes images of breathtaking, airborne adventure," said Tim Black, Six Flags Great Adventure, Wild Safari and Hurricane Harbor general manager. "Superman -Ultimate Flight combines the world's best high-tech ride elements with an exclusive, high-flying twist making it the most unique roller coaster to hit this region."
Riders of Superman-Ultimate Flight will fly freely like never before, soaring head-first through loops and dives and completing a 360-degree roll-over, turning average thrill-seekers into high-flying super heroes. The adventure begins as passengers board the sleek, 28-seat train sitting four abreast. As the train exits the station, passengers tilt face-first into flying position suspended from the track above.
The anticipation builds as passengers, secured by specially designed over-the-shoulder harnesses and lap bars, climb the 115-foot lift hill with nothing but a bird's eye view below.
Upon take-off, the ride enters a series of sharp dives, highly banked curves and spirals uniquely designed to enhance the flying experience.
The signature feature of Superman-Ultimate Flight comes as riders sail through a 78-foot, pretzel-shaped inverted loop, climbing to the top of the large looping figure, and diving into a curve which brings them amazingly close to the ground, amplifying the sensational feeling of flying.
Rounding out the flight is a surprising 360-degree, in-line roll just before the train enters the station, turning average thrill-seekers into high-flying super heroes.
"As the theme park with the most rides on the planet, we are thrilled to offer the greatest jaw-dropping, heart-pounding experience of 2003," Black said. "Superman-Ultimate Flight's innovative design system and state-of-the-art technology make it a 'must ride' for every theme park enthusiast."
Superman-Ultimate Flight's remarkable flight pattern covers more than 2,759 feet of tortuously twisted steel track reaching speeds of 60 mph. As passengers take flight in the space-age train, the track above is virtually invisible, creating an intense sensation that makes the nearly three-minute ride seem much faster.
"Our guests expect the best in thrills and entertainment. Following the success of the mammoth NITRO mega coaster, Superman-Ultimate Flight is the perfect compliment to the park's super-sized coaster collection," Black said.
Six Flags Great Adventure will now offer 13 wide-ranging roller coaster thrills, including intensely tall and fast, floorless, suspended, launching, wooden and child-size thrills.
"Six Flags Great Adventure's awesome collection of coasters easily contains the largest group of cutting-edge thrillers of any park, anywhere," said life-long coaster enthusiast and historian Steve Urbanowicz, author of The Roller Coaster Lover's Companion. "In 2003, those ready to take flight will be amazed at the comfort and ease by which they are lifted to the sky and made to soar. Superman-Ultimate Flight is the only way to fly!"
Superman-Ultimate Flight will be the park's fourth coaster designed by Swiss engineers Walter Bolliger and Claude Mabillard, considered by many as the industry's premier roller coaster manufacturers. Bolliger and Mabillard's other three Six Flags Great Adventure coasters -- Nitro, Medusa and Batman The Ride - consistently rank among the park's five most popular rides.
For more information about Superman-Ultimate Flight link to Six Flags Great Adventure in the Roller Coaster Yellowpages or visit sixflags.com/greatadventure.


> that debugging can quickly put you in too much or not-enough info mode.
define some more logging levels, probably like DEBUG_0 through 7.
>> that I've been using a specific log namespace (yum.syslog, for now).
>> Everything sent to that logger would be sent to syslog and yum.log.
> specific and insufficient in a lot of cases.
all of the output at a certain level to the syslog as well.
>> separate from logging. Then all logging information could be sent to stderr.
>> For configuration, a logging config file could live in yum's etc dir.
> confusing the users where to look.
to the end of the file?
>> - No need to maintain a distinct logging module in yum. Less code is good.
>> passing log objects around.
>> less code is good.
>> modify their config file to send logging output wherever they choose.
>> So, what are everyone's thoughts?
> would expect to see it.
as well? Or even just to grab the rpm output and redirect it to logging.
In any case, it would be cool to log the output.


Dec. 30, 2018 12:46 PM PT1:46 PM MT2:46 PM CT3:46 PM ET20:46 GMT4:46 1:46 PM MST2:46 PM CST3:46 PM EST2:46 PM CT0:46 UAE (+1)15:46 ETNaN:� - Teddy Bridgewater was 14 of 22 for 118 yards and threw one touchdown pass Sunday in the New Orleans Saints' 33-14 loss to the Carolina Panthers. He threw one interception, didn't fumble and was sacked two times. Bridgewater added 12 rushing yards on four carries.
Dec. 28, 2018 11:10 AM PT12:10 PM MT1:10 PM CT2:10 PM ET19:10 GMT3:10 12:10 PM MST1:10 PM CST2:10 PM EST1:10 PM CT23:10 UAE14:10 ETNaN:� - Bridgewater will start at quarterback for the Saints' regular-season finale against Carolina.
Analysis: It will be Bridgewater's first start since the 2015 finale, a few months before the former Vikings starter suffered a devastating knee injury that nearly ended his career. It's an important game for the 26-year-old as he auditions for teams as a free agent this offseason.
Nov. 18, 2018 3:51 PM PT4:51 PM MT5:51 PM CT6:51 PM ET23:51 GMT7:51 4:51 PM MST5:51 PM CST6:51 PM EST5:51 PM CT3:51 UAE (+1)18:51 ETNaN:� - Teddy Bridgewater was 0 of 0 for 0 yards and didn't throw a touchdown pass Sunday in the New Orleans Saints' 48-7 win over the Philadelphia Eagles. He did not throw an interception, didn't fumble and was not sacked.
Nov. 11, 2018 12:02 PM PT1:02 PM MT2:02 PM CT3:02 PM ET20:02 GMT4:02 1:02 PM MST2:02 PM CST3:02 PM EST2:02 PM CT0:02 UAE (+1)15:02 ETNaN:� - Teddy Bridgewater was 0 of 1 for 0 yards and didn't throw a touchdown pass Sunday in the New Orleans Saints' 51-14 win over the Cincinnati Bengals. He did not throw an interception, didn't fumble and was not sacked.
Oct. 28, 2018 7:37 PM PT8:37 PM MT9:37 PM CT10:37 PM ET2:37 GMT10:37 7:37 PM MST8:37 PM CST9:37 PM EST8:37 PM CT6:37 UAE (+1)22:37 ETNaN:� - Teddy Bridgewater was 0 of 0 for 0 yards and didn't throw a touchdown pass Sunday in the New Orleans Saints' 30-20 win over the Minnesota Vikings. He did not throw an interception, didn't fumble and was not sacked.
Oct. 8, 2018 7:54 PM PT8:54 PM MT9:54 PM CT10:54 PM ET2:54 GMT10:54 7:54 PM MST8:54 PM CST9:54 PM EST9:54 PM CT6:54 UAE (+1)22:54 ETNaN:� - Teddy Bridgewater was 0 of 0 for 0 yards and didn't throw a touchdown pass Monday in the New Orleans Saints' 43-19 win over the Washington Redskins. He did not throw an interception, didn't fumble and was not sacked.
Aug. 29, 2018 12:07 PM PT1:07 PM MT2:07 PM CT3:07 PM ET19:07 GMT3:07 12:07 PM MST1:07 PM CST2:07 PM EST2:07 PM CT23:07 UAE15:07 ETNaN:� - The Jets have agreed to trade Bridgewater to the Saints. According to NFL.com, New York will receive a 2019 third-round pick while sending New Orleans a sixth-rounder as part of the deal.
Analysis: Bridgewater gives New Orleans a proven No. 2 quarterback who doesn't figure to see much playing time, as Drew Brees has missed only one game over the last eight years. With that in mind, that's a high cost to pay and a nice return for the Jets for a player that wasn't in their long-term plans.
Mar. 14, 2018 3:56 PM PT4:56 PM MT5:56 PM CT6:56 PM ET22:56 GMT6:56 3:56 PM MST4:56 PM CST5:56 PM EST4:56 PM CT2:56 UAE (+1)18:56 ETNaN:� - Bridgewater has reportedly signed a one-year deal with the Jets.
Analysis: Bridgewater needs to get healthy before he can compete for a starting job with Josh McCown.


text:
Muncie man who fled from police charged with heroin dealing
Douglas Walker
MUNCIE, Ind. – Police said a Muncie man accused of violating the terms of his house arrest fled from officers, throwing a plastic bag into a "brushy area" as he ran.
Authorities said that bag contained nearly 14 grams of heroin, an amount "consistent with someone involved in the illegal drug trade."
On Friday, Alan Webster Douglass, 34, of the 1000 block of North Wolfe Street, was charged in Delaware Circuit Court 3 with dealing in a narcotic drug and resisting law enforcement. The dealing charge is a Level 2 felony carrying a maximum 30-year prison term.
Officers said Douglass, already with a handcuff on one wrist, fled from police Monday when they tried to serve a warrant issued by a Madison County court.
►Police: Muncie woman said she sells heroin, meth
►Traffic stop leads to three meth-dealing arrests
He was observed by officers removing the plastic bag from his pocket and throwing it "overhead into the brushy area."
The chase ended when the Muncie man was apprehended by a police K-9.
At the time of his most recent arrest, Douglass was awaiting trial on four charges – neglect of a dependent, carrying a handgun without a license, criminal recklessness and maintaining a common nuisance – in two pending Delaware County court cases.
His criminal record includes convictions for dealing in cocaine, possession of cocaine, possession of a controlled substance, carrying a handgun without a license and driving while suspended.
In other police news:
Meth arrests: A Muncie man's legal woes increased early Friday when he was found to have meth in his possession when he was booked into the Delaware County jail.
Derek Robert Douthitt, 25, and another Muncie man, Gregory Walter Underwood, 24, had been arrested by Eaton police in an alley near the local First Merchants Bank branch.
Officers reported finding a plastic bag containing nearly three grams of meth that had been up Underwood's shirt sleeve, and a syringe in his pocket. He was being held in the jail under a $10,000 bond, preliminarily charged with possession of meth and unlawful possession of a syringe.
A syringe was also found in Douthitt's pocket, although he maintained he was not carrying drugs until he became the subject of a more extensive search at the jail.
He faces the same two charges as Underwood and an additional count of trafficking with an inmate. His bond was set at $12,500.
Douthitt is set to stand trial Oct. 15 on three charges filed last November, including possession of meth and carrying a handgun without a license.
Douglas Walker is a news reporter at The Star Press. Contact him at 765-213-5851 or at dwalker@muncie.gannett.com.


It's giveaway time! With spring in the air and the recent indie polish boom, I had an exciting giveaway idea that I couldn't resist.
I contacted three indie polish makers -- Lacquistry, All That Glitters, and Pretty & Polished -- and asked if they would like to work with me to design an exclusive, limited edition polish to be given away to you, my lovely readers. They agreed and we started creating! I decided that I wanted to go with an "in the garden" theme. One that would evoke flowers blooming, insects buzzing around, and lazy warm days spent lounging in the sun. These polishes were collaborative efforts, and I'm so proud to have had a hand in this collection.
Four winners will win a set of all three polishes in this "collection."
These polishes will not be for sale in any shops, so you can only win them here! Please DO NOT ask the creators of the polishes to make you a bottle. They were created for this giveaway only.
Read on for more information about each.
Honeycomb by Lacquistry is honestly THE blingiest polish in my collection. It's hard to tell in my photo, but it features gold holographic glitter of multiple sizes as well as large orange holographic glitter in a honey tinted base. Photo shows two coats.
Odonata is an order of insects that includes dragonflies and damselflies. Odonata by Pretty & Polished is a shimmery blue base with shimmery blue green microglitter, blue square glitter, and holographic blue large hex glitter. This polish would be great for layering, and the photo shows three coats.
Sweet, Scarlet and Free by All That Glitters is meant to represent roses blooming in the sun. The red jelly base hosts red and white hex glitter with red microglitter. The photo shows three coats.
Please use the Rafflecopter widget below to enter this giveaway. Some polishes were donated by the creator and some were purchased with my own money. Must be 18 or older to enter. Giveaway is open internationally. Must be a follower to win. Winners will be drawn on April 09, 2012.
Oooooh I just entered! Keeping my polished fingers crossed that I win!
yes i entered!! nice give away!!
I had to enter. I need Honeycomb, that is such a gorgeous polish!
Oooh gosh I would die of happiness if I got these! I don't just like one, I love all three!
Those are amazing! The red is my favourite. Definitely entering.
Please please please!! I'd kill for such a glittery polish, especially honeycomb. fingers crossed!
The glitters polishes are really beautiful.
Just for the chance of winning these amazing polishes is great and something special to look foward too!! Good Luck to all and thank you.
FYI: My GFC name is different from my Facebook Page Name. It's Kell's DIY Nails. I Shared and Liked under that name. :-) Thanks for the killer giveaway!!
soooooooooooo amazing plishes!!! I wish they would come to Brasil, I would love these so much!
You're going to have thousands of entry by the time this giveaway ends! These are beautiful colorssss.
These are gorgeous!! I hope I win!!
All 3 polishes are so gorgeous! Thank you so much for putting together such an unique giveaway!
Wow, that red polish is crazy amazing!
Thanks for the giveaway! These polishes are AMAZING!!!
Wow these are lovely, thanks for the opportunity!
Wow, thanks for the chance to win!! They are all goregous!
this is the best looking giveaway i've ever seen!!
I am a HUGE fan of Lacquistry and Honeycomb just proves why! Thank you!
You know that I LOVE this giveaway! Thanks girl!
that's an AWESOME giveaway, Sarah! thank you so much! The winner will be super lucky!
Let's see if we're lucky!!
done! thanks for this giveaway!
Wow these look amazing! Thanks for organising such a great giveaway!
Wow, these are fantastic! I absolutely adore Honeycomb!
I'm seriously crying over Honeycomb. Literally. Crying.
I featured your giveaway on my blog!
WOW!! those colors make me want to paint! Thanks for the giveaway!
Awesome giveaway! Those are some amazing creations that were made for this contest.
Oh my gosh I'd do anything for Honeycomb.
great giveaway, I like it!
Sweet, Scarlet and Free by All That Glitters is GORGEOUS!!!!
Unique looks! Entered to win!!


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<title>Uses of Class java.awt.image.BufferedImage (Java Platform SE 8 )</title>
<meta name="date" content="2014-12-17">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../../stylesheet.css" title="Style">

JavaScript is disabled on your browser.

Skip navigation links

Overview

Package

Class

Use

Tree

Deprecated

Index

Help

Java™ Platform
Standard Ed. 8

Prev

Next

Frames

No Frames

All Classes

Uses of Class
java.awt.image.BufferedImage

Packages that use BufferedImage

Package
Description

java.awt

Contains all of the classes for creating user
interfaces and for painting graphics and images.

java.awt.image

Provides classes for creating and modifying images.

javax.imageio

The main package of the Java Image I/O API.

javax.imageio.event

A package of the Java Image I/O API dealing with synchronous
notification of events during the reading and writing of images.

Uses of BufferedImage in java.awt

Methods in java.awt that return BufferedImage

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

BufferedImage
GraphicsConfiguration.createCompatibleImage(int width,
                     int height)

Returns a BufferedImage with a data layout and color model
 compatible with this GraphicsConfiguration.

BufferedImage
GraphicsConfiguration.createCompatibleImage(int width,
                     int height,
                     int transparency)

Returns a BufferedImage that supports the specified
 transparency and has a data layout and color model
 compatible with this GraphicsConfiguration.

BufferedImage
Robot.createScreenCapture(Rectangle screenRect)

Creates an image containing pixels read from the screen.

BufferedImage
TexturePaint.getImage()

Returns the BufferedImage texture used to
 fill the shapes.

Methods in java.awt with parameters of type BufferedImage

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

abstract Graphics2D
GraphicsEnvironment.createGraphics(BufferedImage img)

Returns a Graphics2D object for rendering into the
 specified BufferedImage.

abstract void
Graphics2D.drawImage(BufferedImage img,
         BufferedImageOp op,
         int x,
         int y)

Renders a BufferedImage that is
 filtered with a
 BufferedImageOp.

Constructors in java.awt with parameters of type BufferedImage

Constructor and Description

TexturePaint(BufferedImage txtr,
            Rectangle2D anchor)

Constructs a TexturePaint object.

Uses of BufferedImage in java.awt.image

Methods in java.awt.image that return BufferedImage

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

BufferedImage
IndexColorModel.convertToIntDiscrete(Raster raster,
                    boolean forceARGB)

Returns a new BufferedImage of TYPE_INT_ARGB or
 TYPE_INT_RGB that has a Raster with pixel data
 computed by expanding the indices in the source Raster
 using the color/alpha component arrays of this ColorModel.

BufferedImage
BufferedImageOp.createCompatibleDestImage(BufferedImage src,
                         ColorModel destCM)

Creates a zeroed destination image with the correct size and number of
 bands.

BufferedImage
AffineTransformOp.createCompatibleDestImage(BufferedImage src,
                         ColorModel destCM)

Creates a zeroed destination image with the correct size and number of
 bands.

BufferedImage
ConvolveOp.createCompatibleDestImage(BufferedImage src,
                         ColorModel destCM)

Creates a zeroed destination image with the correct size and number
 of bands.

BufferedImage
ColorConvertOp.createCompatibleDestImage(BufferedImage src,
                         ColorModel destCM)

Creates a zeroed destination image with the correct size and number of
 bands, given this source.

BufferedImage
LookupOp.createCompatibleDestImage(BufferedImage src,
                         ColorModel destCM)

Creates a zeroed destination image with the correct size and number of
 bands.

BufferedImage
RescaleOp.createCompatibleDestImage(BufferedImage src,
                         ColorModel destCM)

Creates a zeroed destination image with the correct size and number of
 bands.

BufferedImage
BufferedImageOp.filter(BufferedImage src,
      BufferedImage dest)

Performs a single-input/single-output operation on a
 BufferedImage.

BufferedImage
AffineTransformOp.filter(BufferedImage src,
      BufferedImage dst)

Transforms the source BufferedImage and stores the results
 in the destination BufferedImage.

BufferedImage
ConvolveOp.filter(BufferedImage src,
      BufferedImage dst)

Performs a convolution on BufferedImages.

BufferedImage
ColorConvertOp.filter(BufferedImage src,
      BufferedImage dest)

ColorConverts the source BufferedImage.

BufferedImage
LookupOp.filter(BufferedImage src,
      BufferedImage dst)

Performs a lookup operation on a BufferedImage.

BufferedImage
RescaleOp.filter(BufferedImage src,
      BufferedImage dst)

Rescales the source BufferedImage.

abstract BufferedImage
VolatileImage.getSnapshot()

Returns a static snapshot image of this object.

BufferedImage
BufferedImage.getSubimage(int x,
           int y,
           int w,
           int h)

Returns a subimage defined by a specified rectangular region.

Methods in java.awt.image with parameters of type BufferedImage

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

BufferedImage
BufferedImageOp.createCompatibleDestImage(BufferedImage src,
                         ColorModel destCM)

Creates a zeroed destination image with the correct size and number of
 bands.

BufferedImage
AffineTransformOp.createCompatibleDestImage(BufferedImage src,
                         ColorModel destCM)

Creates a zeroed destination image with the correct size and number of
 bands.

BufferedImage
ConvolveOp.createCompatibleDestImage(BufferedImage src,
                         ColorModel destCM)

Creates a zeroed destination image with the correct size and number
 of bands.

BufferedImage
ColorConvertOp.createCompatibleDestImage(BufferedImage src,
                         ColorModel destCM)

Creates a zeroed destination image with the correct size and number of
 bands, given this source.

BufferedImage
LookupOp.createCompatibleDestImage(BufferedImage src,
                         ColorModel destCM)

Creates a zeroed destination image with the correct size and number of
 bands.

BufferedImage
RescaleOp.createCompatibleDestImage(BufferedImage src,
                         ColorModel destCM)

Creates a zeroed destination image with the correct size and number of
 bands.

BufferedImage
BufferedImageOp.filter(BufferedImage src,
      BufferedImage dest)

Performs a single-input/single-output operation on a
 BufferedImage.

BufferedImage
AffineTransformOp.filter(BufferedImage src,
      BufferedImage dst)

Transforms the source BufferedImage and stores the results
 in the destination BufferedImage.

BufferedImage
ConvolveOp.filter(BufferedImage src,
      BufferedImage dst)

Performs a convolution on BufferedImages.

BufferedImage
ColorConvertOp.filter(BufferedImage src,
      BufferedImage dest)

ColorConverts the source BufferedImage.

BufferedImage
LookupOp.filter(BufferedImage src,
      BufferedImage dst)

Performs a lookup operation on a BufferedImage.

BufferedImage
RescaleOp.filter(BufferedImage src,
      BufferedImage dst)

Rescales the source BufferedImage.

Rectangle2D
BufferedImageOp.getBounds2D(BufferedImage src)

Returns the bounding box of the filtered destination image.

Rectangle2D
AffineTransformOp.getBounds2D(BufferedImage src)

Returns the bounding box of the transformed destination.

Rectangle2D
ConvolveOp.getBounds2D(BufferedImage src)

Returns the bounding box of the filtered destination image.

Rectangle2D
ColorConvertOp.getBounds2D(BufferedImage src)

Returns the bounding box of the destination, given this source.

Rectangle2D
LookupOp.getBounds2D(BufferedImage src)

Returns the bounding box of the filtered destination image.

Rectangle2D
RescaleOp.getBounds2D(BufferedImage src)

Returns the bounding box of the rescaled destination image.

Uses of BufferedImage in javax.imageio

Fields in javax.imageio declared as BufferedImage

Modifier and Type
Field and Description

protected BufferedImage
ImageReadParam.destination

The current destination BufferedImage, or
 null if none has been set.

Fields in javax.imageio with type parameters of type BufferedImage

Modifier and Type
Field and Description

protected List<? extends BufferedImage>
IIOImage.thumbnails

A List of BufferedImage thumbnails,
 or null.

Methods in javax.imageio that return BufferedImage

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

BufferedImage
ImageTypeSpecifier.createBufferedImage(int width,
                   int height)

Creates a BufferedImage with a given width and
 height according to the specification embodied in this object.

BufferedImage
ImageReadParam.getDestination()

Returns the BufferedImage currently set by the
 setDestination method, or null
 if none is set.

protected static BufferedImage
ImageReader.getDestination(ImageReadParam param,
              Iterator<ImageTypeSpecifier> imageTypes,
              int width,
              int height)

Returns the BufferedImage to which decoded pixel
 data should be written.

BufferedImage
IIOImage.getThumbnail(int index)

Returns a thumbnail associated with the main image.

static BufferedImage
ImageIO.read(File input)

Returns a BufferedImage as the result of decoding
 a supplied File with an ImageReader
 chosen automatically from among those currently registered.

static BufferedImage
ImageIO.read(ImageInputStream stream)

Returns a BufferedImage as the result of decoding
 a supplied ImageInputStream with an
 ImageReader chosen automatically from among those
 currently registered.

static BufferedImage
ImageIO.read(InputStream input)

Returns a BufferedImage as the result of decoding
 a supplied InputStream with an ImageReader
 chosen automatically from among those currently registered.

BufferedImage
ImageReader.read(int imageIndex)

Reads the image indexed by imageIndex and returns
 it as a complete BufferedImage, using a default
 ImageReadParam.

abstract BufferedImage
ImageReader.read(int imageIndex,
    ImageReadParam param)

Reads the image indexed by imageIndex and returns
 it as a complete BufferedImage, using a supplied
 ImageReadParam.

static BufferedImage
ImageIO.read(URL input)

Returns a BufferedImage as the result of decoding
 a supplied URL with an ImageReader
 chosen automatically from among those currently registered.

BufferedImage
ImageReader.readThumbnail(int imageIndex,
             int thumbnailIndex)

Returns the thumbnail preview image indexed by
 thumbnailIndex, associated with the image indexed
 by ImageIndex as a BufferedImage.

BufferedImage
ImageReader.readTile(int imageIndex,
        int tileX,
        int tileY)

Reads the tile indicated by the tileX and
 tileY arguments, returning it as a
 BufferedImage.

Methods in javax.imageio that return types with arguments of type BufferedImage

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

List<? extends BufferedImage>
IIOImage.getThumbnails()

Returns the current List of thumbnail
 BufferedImages, or null if none is
 set.

Methods in javax.imageio with parameters of type BufferedImage

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

protected static void
ImageReader.computeRegions(ImageReadParam param,
              int srcWidth,
              int srcHeight,
              BufferedImage image,
              Rectangle srcRegion,
              Rectangle destRegion)

Computes the source region of interest and the destination
 region of interest, taking the width and height of the source
 image, an optional destination image, and an optional
 ImageReadParam into account.

protected void
ImageReader.processImageUpdate(BufferedImage theImage,
                  int minX,
                  int minY,
                  int width,
                  int height,
                  int periodX,
                  int periodY,
                  int[] bands)

Broadcasts the update of a set of samples to all registered
 IIOReadUpdateListeners by calling their
 imageUpdate method.

protected void
ImageReader.processPassComplete(BufferedImage theImage)

Broadcasts the end of a progressive pass to all
 registered IIOReadUpdateListeners by calling their
 passComplete method.

protected void
ImageReader.processPassStarted(BufferedImage theImage,
                  int pass,
                  int minPass,
                  int maxPass,
                  int minX,
                  int minY,
                  int periodX,
                  int periodY,
                  int[] bands)

Broadcasts the beginning of a progressive pass to all
 registered IIOReadUpdateListeners by calling their
 passStarted method.

protected void
ImageReader.processThumbnailPassComplete(BufferedImage theThumbnail)

Broadcasts the end of a thumbnail progressive pass to all
 registered IIOReadUpdateListeners by calling their
 thumbnailPassComplete method.

protected void
ImageReader.processThumbnailPassStarted(BufferedImage theThumbnail,
                           int pass,
                           int minPass,
                           int maxPass,
                           int minX,
                           int minY,
                           int periodX,
                           int periodY,
                           int[] bands)

Broadcasts the beginning of a thumbnail progressive pass to all
 registered IIOReadUpdateListeners by calling their
 thumbnailPassStarted method.

protected void
ImageReader.processThumbnailUpdate(BufferedImage theThumbnail,
                      int minX,
                      int minY,
                      int width,
                      int height,
                      int periodX,
                      int periodY,
                      int[] bands)

Broadcasts the update of a set of samples in a thumbnail image
 to all registered IIOReadUpdateListeners by
 calling their thumbnailUpdate method.

void
ImageReadParam.setDestination(BufferedImage destination)

Supplies a BufferedImage to be used as the
 destination for decoded pixel data.

Method parameters in javax.imageio with type arguments of type BufferedImage

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

void
ImageWriter.prepareInsertEmpty(int imageIndex,
                  ImageTypeSpecifier imageType,
                  int width,
                  int height,
                  IIOMetadata imageMetadata,
                  List<? extends BufferedImage> thumbnails,
                  ImageWriteParam param)

Begins the insertion of a new image with undefined pixel values
 into an existing image stream.

void
ImageWriter.prepareWriteEmpty(IIOMetadata streamMetadata,
                 ImageTypeSpecifier imageType,
                 int width,
                 int height,
                 IIOMetadata imageMetadata,
                 List<? extends BufferedImage> thumbnails,
                 ImageWriteParam param)

Begins the writing of a complete image stream, consisting of a
 single image with undefined pixel values and associated
 metadata and thumbnails, to the output.

void
IIOImage.setThumbnails(List<? extends BufferedImage> thumbnails)

Sets the list of thumbnails to a new List of
 BufferedImages, or to null.

Constructor parameters in javax.imageio with type arguments of type BufferedImage

Constructor and Description

IIOImage(Raster raster,
        List<? extends BufferedImage> thumbnails,
        IIOMetadata metadata)

Constructs an IIOImage containing a
 Raster, and thumbnails and metadata
 associated with it.

IIOImage(RenderedImage image,
        List<? extends BufferedImage> thumbnails,
        IIOMetadata metadata)

Constructs an IIOImage containing a
 RenderedImage, and thumbnails and metadata
 associated with it.

Uses of BufferedImage in javax.imageio.event

Methods in javax.imageio.event with parameters of type BufferedImage

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

void
IIOReadUpdateListener.imageUpdate(ImageReader source,
           BufferedImage theImage,
           int minX,
           int minY,
           int width,
           int height,
           int periodX,
           int periodY,
           int[] bands)

Reports that a given region of the image has been updated.

void
IIOReadUpdateListener.passComplete(ImageReader source,
            BufferedImage theImage)

Reports that the current read operation has completed a
 progressive pass.

void
IIOReadUpdateListener.passStarted(ImageReader source,
           BufferedImage theImage,
           int pass,
           int minPass,
           int maxPass,
           int minX,
           int minY,
           int periodX,
           int periodY,
           int[] bands)

Reports that the current read operation is about to begin a
 progressive pass.

void
IIOReadUpdateListener.thumbnailPassComplete(ImageReader source,
                     BufferedImage theThumbnail)

Reports that the current thumbnail read operation has completed
 a progressive pass.

void
IIOReadUpdateListener.thumbnailPassStarted(ImageReader source,
                    BufferedImage theThumbnail,
                    int pass,
                    int minPass,
                    int maxPass,
                    int minX,
                    int minY,
                    int periodX,
                    int periodY,
                    int[] bands)

Reports that the current thumbnail read operation is about to
 begin a progressive pass.

void
IIOReadUpdateListener.thumbnailUpdate(ImageReader source,
               BufferedImage theThumbnail,
               int minX,
               int minY,
               int width,
               int height,
               int periodX,
               int periodY,
               int[] bands)

Reports that a given region of a thumbnail image has been updated.

Skip navigation links

Overview

Package

Class

Use

Tree

Deprecated

Index

Help

Java™ Platform
Standard Ed. 8

Prev

Next

Frames

No Frames

All Classes

 Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
 Copyright © 1993, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Rhodacanthis – wymarły rodzaj ptaka z rodziny łuszczakowatych (Fringillidae).

Występowanie
Rodzaj obejmował gatunki występujące na Hawajach.

Systematyka

Etymologia
Nazwa rodzajowa jest połączeniem słów z języka greckiego:  rhodon – "róża" oraz  akanthis,  akanthidos – "zięba".

Gatunek typowy
Rhodacanthis palmeri Rothschild

Podział systematyczny
Do rodzaju należą następujące gatunki:
 Rhodacanthis flaviceps – hawajka żółtawa – takson wymarły w latach 90. XIX wieku.
 Rhodacanthis palmeri – hawajka złotogłowa – takson wymarły w latach 90. XIX wieku.

Przypisy

Łuszczakowate


text:
Amber Heard Blows Off Australian Court Over 'Dog Smuggling' (video)
Johnny Depp and Amber Heard are not bound by an extradition treaty that would force her to return to Australia to face charges for illegally importing pets. (Photo: Getty)
Amber Heard was due in court in Australia today (Sept. 7) to answer charges that she "smuggled" her pet dogs into the country during a visit with husband Johnny Depp. He was filming a new "Pirates of the Caribbean" movie there at the time. She was a no-show.
As it turns out, Australia has pretty strict laws about bringing pets into the country.
Heard could face as much as 10 years in prison, according to a review of the law by IM. But penalties that strict are usually reserved for real pet smugglers, who usually traffic in exotic animals.
Heard, 29, was charged with two counts of illegally importing dogs Boo and Pistol, and one count of providing a false document, according to a statement from the Australian Department of Public Prosecutions.
She broke the country's law when she failed to declare her pets on a customs form.
IM reported exclusively in July that Heard was in no danger of being extradited by the United States government, should Australian authorities issue a warrant for her arrest. Her alleged crimes are not covered by an extradition treaty between the two countries.
Still, authorities could make it difficult for her to travel if they want to make an example of her. Agriculture Minister Barnaby Joyce has already declared that movie stars are not above Australia's laws, according to the BBC.
Apparently Heard didn't get the message. She was spotted at the Venice Film Festival.Depp, who also was at the festival, joked during a press conference that he killed and ate his dogs. (see video)
Instead of an embarrassing showdown, the case was continued until Nov. 2. Heard can probably get out of hot water by negotiating a plea deal and paying a hefty fine.
Let us know your thoughts and be sure to follow IM on Twitter for the latest updates on this case.
Tags:Amber Heard, Australia, Barnaby Joyce, Boo, Dog Smuggling, Johnny Depp, Pirates of the Caribbean, Pistol
O.J. Simpson Free Again After 9 Years in Prison for Vegas Robbery (Video!)
Texas Reaps Gun Culture Whirlwind; 'Snipers' Slay 5 Dallas Police Officers
'Mad Pooper' Jogger Eludes Colorado Police Going on Eight Weeks (Video)
Keith Girard September 29, 2017
George Zimmerman Wife Doubts Innocence in Trayvon Martin Case
Larry Nassar, Who Turned Olympic Gymnasts Into Sex Objects, Sentenced (Full Video!)
Justin Bieber Mocks Neighbors, LA Cops by Speeding Again
Keith Girard May 28, 2013


How to imbalance and balance limits of time, space, language and communication? How can my body inter-act with the environment, with the "Other"? Investigation of linguistic expressions related to time, to space, to "the Other", these are recurrent questions in my research.
This residence allowed me to focus only on my work. This place that I didn't know altered my works. The Landscapes, the nature, as well as the people who I met, opened my roads and developed my work items. My table object became a space that I called "The space time instead of clock".
I was in Nida along the border with my table and I wrote love letters; I tried to do small planes as they traversed the border by the wind. I made small boats that might be carried further by the waves of the Baltic Sea.
I wish to continue this project in other place and I want that all actions, interactions, experiments and happenings will be the subjects of a book.
Sylvie Pichrist (Belgium) is taking part in Artists-in-residence programme, she stayed in Klaipėda 2015 06 01–30.
Sylvie Pichrist (b. 1970, Belgium) graduated from ART2. School of Visual Arts Mons. Master in 1995. She got awards in 2007 Price Charles Caty, Royal Academy of Belgium, 2004. Public price, Médiatine, Brussels, Belgium and 2003 Price of Hainaut, Plastic Art, BPS 22, Belgium.
Guided by the principles of transformation and interaction, I transform and transcend objects and habits of everyday life. Objects, clothes, accessories created or processed and reused are the echoes the perpetual cycle of life, which is constantly changing.
Apart from inviting you to my facilities, my works in progress, my performances or my "ceremonies", I use also photography and video as medium for a fictional demarche, which is illustrated by the staging of "myself" with irony and poetry.
The Trace of a dehumanized society and the loss of contact with nature are the "backdrops" of these "mises en abyme" that focus on the fragility and limitations of interaction with "the Other".


Details of this wreck are sketchy, but this 1997 Dodge Viper GTS was sent to the junk heap after slamming into traffic in Columbus, OH. The accident happened back in December of 2013.
This is one of the earliest examples of the GTS, which started production in 1996.
Looks like the owner took good care of the car up until the accident.


The Hon'ble Minister backtracked with the usual "my comments are misinterpreted" excuse.
Err, is this an issue of misinterpretation or one of foot in the mouth ?
Can we at least get someone who can communicate to be a Union Minister?
The Express asked some good Questions.


text:
"Soul" wins the 2021 Oscar for Animated Feature
"Soul" is the winner of the 2021 Academy Award for Animated Feature. Meanwhile, Oscars viewership hit record lows.
Warner Bros. to simultaneously release all of its 2021 movies to theaters and HBO Max
On Thursday came very surprising news… big enough I pushed back my original planned blog post for today to write this one instead. Warner Bros.… Read More »Warner Bros. to simultaneously release all of its 2021 movies to theaters and HBO Max
HBO Max places a disclaimer on "Gone With the Wind"
HBO Max has made the news yet again in its short existence. This time, it's related to (in my opinion) one of the few strong… Read More »HBO Max places a disclaimer on "Gone With the Wind"
AMC bans Universal films over "Trolls: World Tour?"
May 1, 2020 December 10, 2021
The big entertainment news this week: the AMC Theatres chain is refusing to carry any and all Universal films. This is due to Universal's success… Read More »AMC bans Universal films over "Trolls: World Tour?"
Alternatives to visiting movie theaters, libraries, and comic book shops
With the entire country (and world) embroiled in the coronavirus pandemic, "social distancing" and staying at home are becoming more and more common. Ditto working… Read More »Alternatives to visiting movie theaters, libraries, and comic book shops
"Frozen II," "Birds of Prey," other films coming to home video early
The coronavirus pandemic is keeping many people at home, including families thanks to multiple school closings. There's also encouragement to practice "social distancing," which means… Read More »"Frozen II," "Birds of Prey," other films coming to home video early
"Toy Story 4" wins the 2020 Oscar for Animated Feature; "Hair Love" wins for Animated Short
The 2020 Academy Awards took place last night. Below are this year's Oscar winners, plus my thoughts on such. Animated Feature Film Toy Story 4… Read More »"Toy Story 4" wins the 2020 Oscar for Animated Feature; "Hair Love" wins for Animated Short
Poll: More Americans go to the library than the movies
A recent Gallup poll of over 1,000 adults 18 and older states that the most popular leisure time activity is… going to the library. More… Read More »Poll: More Americans go to the library than the movies
What are the most popular superhero movies outside North America?
Back in 2018, I wrote a post about who I consider to be the most popular superheroes. While it's been a popular post, the movies… Read More »What are the most popular superhero movies outside North America?
RIP MoviePass, plus a look at other movie subscription services
Just earlier this month, I wrote in a post about how MoviePass, the Netflix-like subscription service for movie theaters, still exists, but barely. Apparently, things… Read More »RIP MoviePass, plus a look at other movie subscription services


After being the top-ranked Super Veteran team in USATF/NE for 2013, the NSS 70+ men reassembled the team last Sunday to compete for the 2014 New England 5-Mile Championship.
In 2013 on a very humid July day, Joe Giannone, George Geis, Mike Pelletier, and Armand Claveau were the first Super Veteran team in the Carver Cranberry 5-Miler, last year's USATF/NE Championship.
In 2014 in Merrimack, NH, the temperature and the humidity were significantly lower, but the four Striders were each a year older and to increase the odds against a repeat performance, the Gate City Striders had found two 70-year-olds, new young guns in the division.
Undaunted, the four Striders headed to NH to defend their crown. For a warm-up we jogged back to the car (1/3 mile uphill) from the registration area, affixed our race numbers and jogged back downhill to the start. With over 2000 runners in this race, the starting area seemed too narrow, being barely one lane wide with fencing along both sides. George, Joe, and I shamelessly pushed our way into the 7-8 min/mile group and awaited the start. (USATF races always use gun time instead of chip time to determine awards, both individual and team.) Not being as experienced (or shameless) as the three of us, Armand moved quietly to the back of the pack for the start.
George said he was reminded at the James Joyce Ramble (the National 10K Masters Championship) of the importance of not going out too fast. So he started easy (just seconds in front of me at 1-mile) and picked up the pace a bit with each subsequent mile.
I ran pretty consistently for 3-miles (about 8:38 pace) before fading to 9:00 for the 4th mile, but then stepping up to 8:29 for the last mile.
Joe was in front of me as usual, but only in the first mile. Joe said after the race that every mile felt like it was uphill. When Joe is at the top of his game, he feels like every mile is downhill. Joe was injured running in the Nahant 30K last November where he finished 3rd M 70+ and he hadn't been able to resume running until the beginning of May. Unable to run without pain, Joe played golf in Florida every day for five months. Now back in New England, Joe's comeback race demonstrated why Meb Keflezighi won the Boston Marathon and not Tiger Woods.
Armand was also slowed by injury, but his was more recent than Joe's. Only ten days ago, Armand was felled by "jumping jacks," his bête noire, and has vowed to never do them again.
In the final results, the Gate City Striders M 70+ team finished 1st with an average time of 42:06 while the North Shore Striders M 70+ team was 2nd with an average time of 43:51.
Last year in the New England 5-mile Championship, when we were so much younger, Joe was 2nd M 70+; George was 3rd M 70+; I was 5th M 70+; and Armand was 9th M 70+.
2nd place is still awesome!!
I think you did wonderfully. Silver, too, is a precious metal and medal.


text:
12TH APRIL, 2019
Accidental Innovation - Tax Cloud's Top 8
Spilling your coffee on a freshly laundered white shirt may not be the best start to a Monday morning, but not all accidents lead to heartache. In fact, accidents are behind some of the most useful innovations we consider normal today.
In this blog, we've listed a few of our favourite accidental innovations to get you in the mood for an innovative week.
The Microwave
One of the most famed accidental discoveries, the microwave oven was initially discovered by the engineer, Percy Spencer, in 1946. While investigating radar defence, Spencer realised a chocolate bar in his pocket had begun to melt. Following some experiments on popcorn and eggs (the latter of which exploded in the face of one of the researchers), the microwave was introduced to the household in 1967.
Originally referred to as 'Mould Juice', legend has it that Dr Alexander Fleming discovered the antibiotic in 1928 after returning from a holiday. He returned to his laboratory in St Mary's Hospital to find a petri-dish containing Staphylococci had, by error, been left open. The dish had been contaminated by a green mould called Penicillium notatum, which was killing some of the bacteria he was growing. He isolated the mould, grew more of it, and then experimented to see how many other bacteria it could kill. In 1939, Oxford Pathologist Howard Florey alongside Ernst Chain, worked with American scientists to develop an injectable mass-produced form of penicillin just in time to help soldiers wounded in World War 2.
Before it was beloved by children across the world, Play-Doh was a wallpaper cleaner. In the age of coal fires, there was a need for a product to clean soot off the walls. However, following the transition to gas heating and vinyl wallpapers, Noah Vicker and his nephew, Joe, came across a new use for the putty. Joe's sister-in-law, who worked in a nursery, told him that her students loved the product. The Vickers then added colour and an almond scent to the putty and marketed it as a child's toy, leading to $3 million in sales by 1958.
In the search for plastic gun sights for use in World War One, Harry Coover Jr. came across a very sticky formula when looking at acrylates.
He abandoned the formula, but lucky for DIY-ers everywhere, he came across it again in 1951 and realised its potential.
In 1829, Chemist Robert Chesebrough was visiting a Pennsylvania town where petroleum had recently been discovered. After 5 years of perfecting his extraction technique, Chesebrough patented his process which began the triple-purification process unique to the Vaseline brand. A true scientist, Chesebrough spent over a decade perfecting his extraction and purification process before introducing his "Wonder Jelly" to the American public on a larger scale. By 1874, only two years after its branding, Vaseline® Petroleum Jelly was being sold across the U.S. at the rate of a jar a minute.
Many medications can find their origins in accidents, but arguably the most famous is the favourite medication for erectile dysfunction. Originally researchers were testing sildenafil for heart disease. Two trials revealed much to the researchers; little effect on the heart but plenty effective elsewhere. Nowadays, Viagra sells more than $1 billion a year.
Roy Plunkett was investigating chlorofluorocarbons when he came across every chef's best friend. Upon checking a frozen, compressed sample of tetrafluorothylene, he found the sample had polymerized spontaneously into a white, waxy solid to form polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
PTFE is inert to virtually all chemicals and is considered the most slippery material in existence. DuPont quickly patented the material and today we know it as Teflon. It has been used all over, from frying eggs to the Manhattan Project.
On a hunting trip, George de Mestral came across everyone's favourite fastener. The satisfying sound of Velcro has its roots in the burdock burrs which got caught in his dog's fur. The small hooks of the burrs inspired de Mestral to try and make his own fabric imitating this effect. Though it was slow on the uptake, NASA's use of Velcro for space suits popularised the material worldwide, all thanks to a dog park.
The lesson to be learned here is that with a little luck, some opportunistic people and R&D investment, accidents can lead to pretty profitable results. Maybe spilling your coffee on your shirt is not the best start to the week, but it could also be the start to something great.
Innovation accidental R&D


text:
El National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) es organismo de financiación australiano para la investigación médica que cuenta con un presupuesto de aproximadamente $700 millones al año. La clasificación de grado del NHMRC generalmente se utiliza para evaluar las publicaciones médicas. Estos incluyen, del más fiable al menos: revisión sistemática, prueba controlada aleatoria, estudio de cohorte, estudio caso-control, serie de casos.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Salud en Australia
Calidad en la asistencia sanitaria


After you receive the invoice, please complete payment procedure based on your payment choice.
1 On the Checkout page, fill in the information blanks.
2 Following credit cards area accepted: VISA, Master and JCB.
Click 'Pay Now' button to proceed after you enter the required information inn the section of Creditcard payment.
Click 'View Cart' to edit your order when you see the wrong price.
In your shopping cart, click x mark to delete. And click 'Pay Now' button to proceed.
Confirm the total price and click 'Pay Now' button.
In terms of refund, please send us an email to ryetour@gmail.com to get notification of the process.


text:
National Perspective
National Perspective Archives
About National Perspective
http://www.uexpress.com/national-perspective/2019/5/11/the-last-bastion-of-political-caucuses
The Last Bastion of Political Caucuses
by David Shribman
IOWA CITY, Iowa -- Is the spectacle being conducted here -- with dozens of candidate visits each month, with political forums in village libraries, with house parties in rural crossroads and with meet-and-greet events in union halls -- an endangered species?
For nearly a half-century, Iowa's precinct caucuses, the first political test of modern presidential-election seasons, have been both a showy spectacle and an intimate encounter. Here voters meet candidates in living rooms, question them in the tap rooms of fraternal organizations, challenge them in diners and express their concerns in coffee shops. Here decisions that are reported across the globe occur at 7 p.m. on a cold February night in church basements, middle-school auditoriums and fire stations.
As recently as the Richard Nixon years, presidential caucuses were the forums of choice for state parties deciding how to distribute their national convention delegates; in 1968, when Mr. Nixon won his second presidential nomination, only 16 states employed primaries to select GOP convention delegates, with the remaining 34 states using some combination of caucuses and state conventions. This political cycle, only eight states will be using caucuses -- and some of those may abandon the practice before the actual election year even begins. Washington State recently moved from caucuses to a primary, for example, and Maine may do so as well.
Caucuses here reach back before Iowa statehood in 1846; in fact, Iowa has employed them in every election cycle except for 1916, ironically the year New Hampshire initiated its primary that now is a fixture, after Iowa, at the head of the political season. But it was only after Jimmy Carter came in second (to "uncommitted") in 1976 that the Iowa caucuses acquired the prominence they now possess. The winner in the 1972 contest, before Carter's breakthrough, was Sen. George McGovern of South Dakota. He campaigned here for about 1 1/2 days.
Now the Iowa caucuses are big business, with millions of dollars of advertising pouring into the state and with comprehensive news coverage. The result is that Iowa is, as Art Cullen, the Pulitzer Prize-winning Storm Lake Times editor, put it, "among the most important patches of political turf in the country." Even its skeptics hail its importance and, inevitably, its intimacy.
"There's a lot of talk about reforming the caucuses, and states don't have to run caucuses the way they do now," said Caroline Tolbert, a University of Iowa political scientist. "But you need some way to vet the candidates and reduce the pool, producing a smaller number of viable candidates. And you need some forum where face-to-face participation is at the center of things. Our caucuses are small party business meetings, much different from a primary."
Indeed, caucuses began as business meetings, primarily to build party unity and party loyalty. But by grafting the presidential-nominating process onto these sessions, the goal of party building has been eclipsed, maybe even eroded. In Iowa, according to David Redlawsk, a University of Delaware political scientist who was chairman of a caucus here in 2008, the focus is on "giving people from the grassroots input into party decision-making," the most important of which is selecting a presidential nominee.
Elsewhere, political caucuses are far less intense, far less interesting, and far less important. Even in Maine, a state with an especially yeasty political culture, hardly anyone attends, and the event can easily be dominated by a candidate who invests a small amount of time while rivals stay away. Hardly anyone but Gov. Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown of California paid the 1992 Maine caucuses any mind, and he won a contest that involved only 5 percent of the state's Democrats. Rep. Ron Paul of Texas repeated the trick in the GOP contest in 2008; two of Paul's three best performances came in the caucuses in Maine and North Dakota.
But the lack of public participation -- a feature at odds with the times, which prize mass participation -- is what is endangering caucuses nationwide, prompting the three largest caucus states (Minnesota and Colorado in addition to Washington) to abandon them along with Utah, Idaho and Nebraska. The result: Less than 5 percent of the 2020 Democratic convention delegates will be selected in the process that is so revered here.
Iowa's caucuses obviously have their own character, in large measure because of their prominence at the head of the political parade. They combine the intimacy of traditional caucuses with the mass participation of primaries, and being at the front of the process assures enormous attention from candidates and from the press. Three barely known presidential candidates -- entrepreneur Andrew Yang, Rep. Eric Swalwell of California and former Rep. John Delaney of Maryland -- alone have conducted more than 250 political events here already and have spent a cumulative 100 days here. The caucuses are more than 270 days away.
"I'm always impressed with how incredibly well-informed voters are here," Delaney said in an interview. "If the rest of the country could see the diligence Iowans put into this, they would see it actually makes sense to have the political kickoff here."
Sentiments like that -- and political professionals' worries that they will be punished if they question the virtue of holding an important political test in a rural state where the black population is around 3.3 percent -- mean that Iowa's caucuses may be the lone survivors in the movement toward primaries.
"They're truly valuable early in the process," said Tom Vilsack, who was governor of Iowa from 1999 to 2007 and who served as secretary of agriculture for the entirety of the presidency of Barack Obama (whose political breakthrough came here in 2008). "You have to do retail politics, or else the 20-second commercial will rule politics and candidates won't have any interaction with real people. There's a role for caucuses, but not late in the process. After the first wave of smaller states, it's just a mad dash for media attention and dollars."
So Iowa's place and its caucuses are secure. But the survival of the remainder of the caucuses remains in question. They are at odds with the political zeitgeist and with a culture where social media promotes the idea that everyone can participate in every aspect of every civic function. Consider the caucuses yet another victim of the disruption that is the only constant of the contemporary age.
EDITORS: For editorial questions, please contact Lisa Tarry, ltarry@amuniversal.com.
Facebook Twitter National Perspective Archives
More like National Perspective
Trump's Racist Rhetoric Will Never End
Trump Wrong on the Value of Immigrants
Donald Lambro
When MSM Say Someone's in Prison for a Minor Drug Crime, They're Always Lying
Trump's Brand of Racism Is Nothing New. But It's Still Ugly
Gene Lyons
Responding to Trump's Racism
Cokie Roberts and Steven V. Roberts
Push-Ups Won't Make the Biden Campaign Strong
© Copyright Andrews McMeel Universal, Andrews McMeel Syndication, uexpress , © The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2019