This fragrance blends tradition and modernity, in the spirit of the house of Dior. Its fragrance take on the iris ; a rare note in mens perfumery - in a precise, pared-down formula. The result is a powdery woody floral, luxurious and resolutely masculine: a new generation classic. Woody aromatic. Top notes of lavender of vaucluse. Heart notes of tuscan iris absolute. Base notes of haitian vetiver.


As a Senior Litigation Executive you will play a key role in one of 12 Medical Neglagence teams by working on allocated cases, corresponding with customers and experts to ensure their cases are conducted in a proactive and commercially-focused manner.
3-4 years PQE would be preferred.
Ability to work well with junior team members, providing coaching and mentoring 3-4 years PQE would be preferred.


If you are a school librarian, you know how hectic things can be when you do not have a library clerk to help you. School librarians wear multiple hats, and it's pretty much impossible to help students find books when you are busy maintaining order and checking out books for kids at the same time. A good way to help students help themselves is to teach them to find their own books in the library. Doing this provides them with independence and the ability to find their way around the stacks.
Teach students the difference between fiction and nonfiction books. Fiction is a made-up story whereas nonfiction is a book containing true information. Give a tour to show them the various sections of the library. Make sure they know the picture books or easy books are shelved in a different area from the chapter books.
Show students where they can find the call number of a book. Tell them that the call number is a label always located on the books spine. It tells us where the book "lives" on the library shelves.
Present a lesson on the Dewey Decimal System. Try to make it as entertaining as possible. Pass out cheat sheets detailing the major classifications of the Dewey Decimal System. Play a game where kids compete to determine what general call number is the location for a specific topic. The team with the most points wins a bookmark or a pencil.
Allow students to practice putting a pile of fiction or nonfiction books in the correct order. Divide class into teams. Time each team to see how fast they can put their pile of books in the correct order.
Plan a scavenger hunt. Break students into groups of four or five. Ask students to find books with a specific call number and bring them to you for a small prize.
Teach kids how to use the library catalog. Whether your school library uses an automated system or the old-fashioned card catalog, your students need to learn how to use it to locate books in the library.
Teaching the Dewey Decimal system can be a dry subject if you're not careful. Strive to turn your lessons into hands-on, interactive games. Don't rely on worksheets.
Throughout the year, you will need to review how students find books in the library. Don't expect your students to catch on to the concept the first day.


The 2017 NRL Auckland Nines – part of the NRL pre-season – was won by the Sydney Roosters, defeating the Penrith Panthers in the final.
All 16 National Rugby League teams compete in the two-day competition, with at least 12 of each club's top 25 players, as well as one top-five player from each of the club's salary cap guaranteed to take part. So fans are guaranteed two action-packed days of top-class rugby league.
All teams play three matches against other teams in their group. As the name suggests, matches are played between two sides of nine players in nine-minute halves.
Click here for the full list of squads from the Auckland Nines.
The 16 teams are to be split into four groups, each playing three games in the group stage. From there, the top two teams from each group move on to the quarter-finals, where the winners play in a knockout format through to the grand final.
To catch the Auckland Nines action at home, Fox Sports and Sky Sports will be broadcasting the competition in Australia and New Zealand respectively.


Meet Yo-E, the movement artist that's breaking barriers and living life out and proud!
Go behind the scenes with creator of My Beautiful Pain series and catch a sneak peak of season 2!
Meet Boi Society founder Brooklyn Wright, who went from leaving a well paying job to living out their dream.
Meet DJ Boston Chery, a dope DJ that's changing the scene one set a time.
Check out our interview with the woman behind SafeWordSociety.
Check out our exclusive interview as Diandra discusses her creative influences, discovering self-care, and sound advice for both dating and making money moves!


In Miami, there is not one Waffle House. As you head up north into Davie and Ft. Lauderdale you will run into a few as well as one in Key Largo. My wife Marcela and I had been driving around Naples looking for a place to eat but it was getting late. Late as in 9ish (that's late over there). By the time we stopped at Waffle House, it was after 10 and we were starved. Waffle House is open 24 hours which was great news for us. When you come here, you should know what to expect. It's standard diner fare with a mostly hometown friendly staff.
Marcela ordered the Grilled Texas Bacon Steak Melt while I had the Double Patty Melt. We both liked our dishes and would definitely get them again if we returned. I also had a Triple order of the Hash Browns "Covered".
Covered means it's topped with American Cheese. Yup, that was pretty good also. We had multiple cups of Coffee and talked to the staff about Naples and Waffle House. Like I said before, they were friendly and made the experience memorable. Many thanks to them.
a triple order of hash browns??? whatabeast.
i can attest to the waffle house near disney world being a decent establishment, even if its not the cleanest place in the world.
speaking of waffles, has anybody gone to gladys knight's chicken and waffles in atlanta? i'm curious.


text:
Q: How to get current tower location from network operator on android i want to current get tower location address like nokia mobiles display current tower location in home screen like operator name and tower address displayed on mobile.i want to like below:
SIM OPERATOR NAME
CURRENT TOWER ADDRESS
i want get these details in offline on android!
Can anyone help me with greatly appreciated!

A: Try this one  get cellid
Hope it will helpful to you.
Below is the content taken from the original URL in case original page becomes unavailable.

Get location of Cell ID, from opencellid.org using HttpGet().
    A class OpenCellID was created to handle the http communication with opencellid.org. To simplify the job, request with "fmt=txt" is sent, such that we can simply splite the result to retrieve our latitude, longitude.
To know more about the project OpenCellID, refer to last post.

Get location of Cell ID, from opencellid.org using HttpGet()

We need the following permission in this example:
android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
android.permission.INTERNET

package com.AndroidTelephonyManager;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.telephony.gsm.GsmCellLocation;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class AndroidTelephonyManager extends Activity {

 public class OpenCellID {
  String mcc;  //Mobile Country Code
  String mnc;  //mobile network code
  String cellid; //Cell ID
  String lac;  //Location Area Code

  Boolean error;
  String strURLSent;
  String GetOpenCellID_fullresult;

  String latitude;
  String longitude;

  public Boolean isError(){
   return error;
  }

  public void setMcc(String value){
   mcc = value;
  }

  public void setMnc(String value){
   mnc = value;
  }

  public void setCallID(int value){
   cellid = String.valueOf(value);
  }

  public void setCallLac(int value){
   lac = String.valueOf(value);
  }

  public String getLocation(){
   return(latitude + " : " + longitude);
  }

  public void groupURLSent(){
   strURLSent =
    "http://www.opencellid.org/cell/get?mcc=" + mcc
    +"&mnc=" + mnc
    +"&cellid=" + cellid
    +"&lac=" + lac
    +"&fmt=txt";
  }

  public String getstrURLSent(){
   return strURLSent;
  }

  public String getGetOpenCellID_fullresult(){
   return GetOpenCellID_fullresult;
  }

  public void GetOpenCellID() throws Exception {
   groupURLSent();
   HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
   HttpGet request = new HttpGet(strURLSent);
   HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
   GetOpenCellID_fullresult = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
   spliteResult();
  }

  private void spliteResult(){
   if(GetOpenCellID_fullresult.equalsIgnoreCase("err")){
    error = true;
   }else{
    error = false;
    String[] tResult = GetOpenCellID_fullresult.split(",");
    latitude = tResult[0];
    longitude = tResult[1];
   }

  }
 }

 int myLatitude, myLongitude;
 OpenCellID openCellID;

   /** Called when the activity is first created. */
   @Override
   public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
       super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
       setContentView(R.layout.main);
       TextView textGsmCellLocation = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.gsmcelllocation);
       TextView textMCC = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.mcc);
       TextView textMNC = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.mnc);
       TextView textCID = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.cid);
       TextView textLAC = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.lac);
       TextView textGeo = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.geo);
       TextView textRemark = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.remark);

       //retrieve a reference to an instance of TelephonyManager
       TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
       GsmCellLocation cellLocation = (GsmCellLocation)telephonyManager.getCellLocation();

       String networkOperator = telephonyManager.getNetworkOperator();
       String mcc = networkOperator.substring(0, 3);
       String mnc = networkOperator.substring(3);
       textMCC.setText("mcc: " + mcc);
       textMNC.setText("mnc: " + mnc);

       int cid = cellLocation.getCid();
       int lac = cellLocation.getLac();
       textGsmCellLocation.setText(cellLocation.toString());
       textCID.setText("gsm cell id: " + String.valueOf(cid));
       textLAC.setText("gsm location area code: " + String.valueOf(lac));

       openCellID = new OpenCellID();

       openCellID.setMcc(mcc);
       openCellID.setMnc(mnc);
       openCellID.setCallID(cid);
       openCellID.setCallLac(lac);
       try {
   openCellID.GetOpenCellID();

   if(!openCellID.isError()){
    textGeo.setText(openCellID.getLocation());
    textRemark.setText( "\n\n"
      + "URL sent: \n" + openCellID.getstrURLSent() + "\n\n"
      + "response: \n" + openCellID.GetOpenCellID_fullresult);
   }else{
    textGeo.setText("Error");
   }
  } catch (Exception e) {
   // TODO Auto-generated catch block
   e.printStackTrace();
   textGeo.setText("Exception: " + e.toString());
  }
   }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   android:orientation="vertical"
   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   android:layout_height="fill_parent"
   >
<TextView
   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   android:text="@string/hello"
   />
<TextView
   android:id="@+id/gsmcelllocation"
   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   />
<TextView
   android:id="@+id/mcc"
   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   />
<TextView
   android:id="@+id/mnc"
   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   />
<TextView
   android:id="@+id/cid"
   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   />
<TextView
   android:id="@+id/lac"
   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   />
<TextView
   android:id="@+id/geo"
   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   />
<TextView
   android:id="@+id/remark"
   android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   />
</LinearLayout>

A: The easiest way to get the name of the Current Network Operator to which the Android phone is currently connected is to get hold of the android.telephony.TelephonyManager and get it from there:
TelephonyManager telephonyManager =((TelephonyManager) Context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE));
String operatorName = telephonyManager.getNetworkOperatorName();

String simName = telephonyManager.getSimOperatorName();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


For general contractors, bidding on public construction contacts and infrastructure projects is no small undertaking. Managing and shepherding those projects to completion once a bid has been accepted can be even more complicated and fraught with risk, especially when it comes to the supervision or substitution of subcontractors. In California, strict laws designed to limit bid shopping and bid peddling on public contracts also limit the rights of general contractors to change subcontractors on public contracts. Failure to comply with those laws can result in significant exposure.
The experienced construction law and public works lawyers at Gibbs Giden can help contractors with the substitution of subcontractors in a manner that protects them from potential liability and facilitates a smooth and compliant transition that allows the project to proceed apace. We also help public entities prepare for and administer the substitution process and hearings, and we can help subcontractors navigate the process as well.
California law requires that all bidders on public projects specifically list all subcontractors that will work on the project, as well as the work they are to perform. Once the bid has been accepted, the contractor cannot legally substitute any subcontractor listed in the original bid except in very limited circumstances, such as when licensing or bond issues arise or the designated subcontractor cannot perform the work.
If a contractor replaces a subcontractor for any reason outside those permitted in the law, and fails to provide proper notice, the awarding public entity may either cancel the contract or assess a penalty up to 10 percent of the amount of the subject subcontract. Moreover, disciplinary action by the Contractors State License Board as well as additional penalties and lost profits due to delay can add to the turmoil and costs of non-compliance.
When subcontractor substitution issues arise, general contractors can rely on the sound judgment and insights that the attorneys at Gibbs Giden have acquired through their four decades of construction law and public contracts experience. For assistance resolving subcontractor substitution matters, please call our Los Angeles office at 310-552-3400, our Irvine office at 949-287-8044 or our Las Vegas office at 702-836-9800, or contact us online. We look forward to assisting you.


text:
Q: TeamsInfo.getMember() deprecation affecting botbuilder-java? Can I get confirmation that changes described on Microsoft's documentation for Teams Bot API Changes (happening by "late" 2022) also affect the botbuilder-java sdk? There's nothing I could find about that in the docs or in the botbuilder-java github repo, and no deprecation warnings in the code either (running latest 4.14.2 version).
I accidentally stumbled upon that page and I'm worried especially about whether the email field will stop coming from TeamsInfo.getMember() calls.


"Never underestimate the power of a small group of people to change the world.
..... These are all speculative ideas. I believe that the right person, reading these passages, might find them useful and interesting enough to pursue. These things could be toys of the very well to do, or provide a useful means of surveying landscapes for a variety of reasons.
..... This is a kyak like transport device, which is lofted up by two large cylindrical gas balloons. It would, to some degree, look akin to the classic Star Trek vessel without the saucer section.
- The cylindrical lifters would contain helium, much safer and with the capacity to heat the gas the flight time could be quite long.
- There would be solar panels, the newest thinnest kind, as an auxiliary power source, on the exterior of the cylinders.
- The pilot would have access to a bicycle type of power train which would allow the pilot to propel the vessel directly via a stepped up gearing system provding motive force to a propeller or to generate electrical current and mechanical energy to power a heat exchanger unit and move the helium from inside the lifters, through the exchanger back into the lifters, this would allow some control over the vessels altitude. Alternately, if the vessel was anchored, its propellers could changed over to run a charging system.
..... An altitudinal access device, which would be a well-engineered version of the rude constructs made by legendary idiots who, by attaching a goodly number of lighter than air balloons to a lawn chair, have attained very high elevations, albeit as they became a danger to others and themselves. This would not be that. This would be a comfy, warm, safe means to float above the earth and feel the wind in your hair. A person may obtain a height of a few hundred feet fairly safely, enjoying the view and, perhaps some very fine dining.
..... Another altitudinal access device, this one would be used for sleeping. The safety concerns would have to be addressed in the design, of course, but the purpose is to allow someone to sleep at altitude, with as much fresh air as possible.
..... These inventions would be a profitable venture for an innovator, inventor, and venture capitalist. Governments could make use of these devices for various purposes, both innocent and not, I suppose.
But what do others think?
You know, there is nothing like what I am considering. So some small inventor will make a bit of a splash with "personal lighter than air craft.
..... I am intent upon problem solving and, in association with Creative Ideas Consulting of San Francisco, I am embarking on another means of affecting the warp and woof of our social fabric so as to promote a healthy change in the evolution of the human civilization or community on Earth.
..... Much more is coming but this note provides notice that help is on the way, in the meantime, to make inquiries, see the following link: Email Dan!


text:
Aboubakar's Double Seals Indomitable Lions Win Over Burkina Faso
The Indomitable Lions' Aboubakar penalty double sees host nation come from behind to win the tournament opener.
Cameroon kicked off their campaign to win a sixth Africa Cup of Nations title with a 2-1 win against Burkina Faso at Stade Omnisport Paul Biya in Yaounde.
Despite playing the Group A fixture at home in front of a raucous crowd, it was the Stallions who took the lead in the 24th minute through a Gustavo Sangare volley.
But the Indomitable Lions hit back with two penalties converted by Vincent Aboubakar in the 40th and 45th minutes.
The game started with Burkina Faso defender Steeve Yago becoming the first player to be booked in the tournament by Algerian referee Mustapha Ghorbal with less than a minute played after a harsh tackle on Moumi Ngamaleu.
In the eighth minute, the Indomitable Lions almost scored the opener when Vincent Aboubakar had a chance with a shot from the right-wing but he ended up sending it wide with his left foot.
It was all Cameroon in the opening stages and in the 10th minute, Karl Toko Ekambi rounded the Burkina Faso goalkeeper Herve Koffi, but the angle proved tight for him and he drove the ball too wide.
Also Read: AFCON Qualifiers: Expect Good Football, Rohr Assures Nigerians
Three minutes later, Bertrand Traore delivered a cross into the box, but Cameroon goalkeeper Andre Onana came off his line quickly to gather the ball and five minutes later, Ngamaleu launched a solo run, but he failed to create a chance as the ball was cleared for the first corner of the game in favour of Cameroon.
However, the Stallions stunned the home crowd in the 24th minute when Sangare unleashed a left-footed shot from the left side of the six-yard box to the top left corner past Onana after a cross from Bertrand Traore following a short corner.
In the 32nd minute, Burkina Faso's Patrick Malo became the second player to be shown a yellow card after a clumsy challenge, and two minutes later, Cameroon had a chance to level matters from another corner but Ngamaleu's header went wide.
However, with nine minutes left to the half-time break, Burkina Faso's Traore committed a foul on the advancing Andre-Frank Anguissa inside the dangerzone.
Despite the referee at first, waving away the appeals from Cameroon players for a penalty, he was invited by VAR to review the challenge and he finally awarded the spot-kick.
It was Aboubakar, who stepped up to slot the ball with a right-footed shot to the bottom right corner past Koffi for the leveller.
Also Read: AFCON 2019: CAF Confident Of Successful Tournament In Egypt
Burkina Faso then missed a chance to retake the lead when Traore's left-footed effort from outside the box went inches wide and in the 42nd minute, Cameroon's Jerome Onguene was shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
In added time at the end of the half, Cameroon were awarded another penalty after Dayo made a rash slide tackle and this time referee Ghorbal pointed to the spot without hesitation.
Once again, the team's captain took the responsibility to send the resultant kick past Koffi for a 2-1 lead at the half-time break.
The second half started with Cameroon seeking to stretch their lead and it was Ngamaleu, who missed an open sitter after being put through by Aboubakar in the 54th minute.
Cameroon's Onana then denied Burkina Faso a chance to come back into the game after Traore's free-kick was half-cleared by the defense and Yago rattled a shot; however, the 25-year-old custodian was well placed to make a fantastic save.
In the 60th minute, Cameroon thought they had scored their third goal after Aboubakar's effort hit the back of the net but it was disallowed due to offside on the advice of the video assistant referee.
Also Read: Salah Starts From Bench As Egypt, Uruguay Trade Tackles
After Onana's save, Cameroon coach Toni Conceicao made a double change, Toko Ekambi, and Pierre Kunde were replaced by Eric Maxim Choupo-Moting and Clinton N'Jie while Burkina Faso benched Abdoul Tapsoba and Cyrille Bayala for Mohamed Konate and Zakaria Sanogo.
With 10 minutes left to the final whistle, Aboubakar should have grabbed a hat-trick but after receiving a brilliant pass from Choupo-Moting, he wasted the opportunity as his shot from inside the penalty area flew narrowly wide of the right post.
Aboubakar was then replaced by Yvan Neyou while Burkina Faso also rested the hard-working Traore for Hassane Bande but the Indomitable Lions held on to secure their first victory of the tournament on home soil.
Goal.com
Tokyo Olympics: 3 Nigerian Athletes Crash Out In One Day 2020/2021 NPFL Standings After Match Day 35 Fixtures Masters (Amateurs) Tournament: Ali Race To Top Of The Leaderboard Hugo, Diego Maradona's Brother Dies Of Heart Attack
AboubakarafconIndomitable Lions
read more January 9

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


During my first pregnancy, I drank the birth junkie Kool-Aid poured out by my foremothers. I practiced relaxation techniques and did my Kegel exercises. I read childbirth books and watched an inordinate number of water births. The contractions came, and I never asked for pain medications. I had a natural birth. And I was proud of it. In fact, I recall asking my husband if he made sure our family knew that I did it naturally.
After my "successful" natural birth, I felt a real sense that I had earned my stripes. Friends began to ask me how I had achieved this task, and I reveled in answering their questions. My husband quietly observed this trend for months. He saw my desire to walk alongside new mothers and eventually suggested I become trained as a birth doula.
But my husband, being a godly man, also notice an unsavory characteristic developing: pride.
How did such pride exhibit itself? I would judge the birth experiences of other women. I might have congratulated the new mom, but I was truly convinced that I had the better accomplishment.
Following the delivery of our second-born, I suffered a postpartum hemorrhage, which cast an air of sobriety around my daughter's birth. The experience was truly beautiful, but I couldn't shake the harrowing reminder of my own mortality and inability.
God began crumbling my false sense of pride.
My professional circles place great emphasis on the "innate strength" and "goddess-like beauty" of a woman's body. It is tempting to get caught up in their excitement. But worshiping creation rather than the Creator is sin. God pours out wrath on "all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men" who "exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator" (Rom. 1:18, 25). Why would we worship our own bodies when the God who made them demands exclusive praise?
Why would we worship our own bodies when the God who made them demands exclusive praise?
Professionally, I still believe it's important that women thoughtfully approach their birth experiences. As a matter of stewardship, it's important we understand the benefits and risks of medical decisions and take responsibility for our health care. But desiring a certain birth experience as a way to lord over other moms or boost our own egos is downright sinful.
In a Christian woman's birth story, Christ is the main character.
Telling the story of how our children come into the world is good and right. Birth stories are frequently swapped at mommy groups or baby showers. The Christian woman has a unique perspective on her birth experience that unbelievers do not. We can testify that a contraction is an image of creation "groaning together in the pains of childbirth until now" (Rom. 8:22). Our outward groans represent the believer's inward groan "as we wait eagerly for adoption as sons, the redemption of our bodies" (Rom. 8:23). When we cry out for deliverance from labor, as many women do, we are casting shadows of a coming Savior who will deliver the world from sin and suffering.
Our births image truths about new birth. Christian mothers should share their birth stories as a way to point to Jesus, not to themselves.
Christian mothers should share their birth stories as a way to point to Jesus, not to themselves.
My deceitful heart would rather find a compromising middle ground. "Can't I be proud of my body and God's handiwork?" I reasoned to my husband. "No, babe. No. You can't abide the tiniest bit of sin." I so value his sharp mind and warm heart.
In God's great mercy, he provides deliverance through childbirth (doulas, hip squeezes, epidurals, C-sections, and so on) as well as deliverance from our greatest problem: our sinful selves.
God's glory is at stake. We simply cannot take the gift of a positive birth experience and make it about ourselves.
I pray you will examine your motives and consider how you have been telling your children's birth stories. Have you written yourself in as the main character? Have you been robbing God of any glory? Have you missed opportunities to communicate the gospel?
Repent. Learning who God is shows us who we are not. God, not birthing women, is the Creator and giver of life. If you've been claiming responsibility and praise for giving life to your children, repent. We are assured the Lord opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble (James 4:6). If needed, seek forgiveness from a sister you may have offended. Then walk in freedom and joy, knowing that if we confess "he will forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness" (1 John 1:9).
Rejoice. It is perfectly appropriate and wonderful to praise God for his gifts—including beautiful births! As you reflect on your births, praise God for the beauty and wonder you've experienced.
Retell. The next time you're in a playgroup and the story swap begins, know you can tell a better story. You'll have a wonderful opportunity to testify to your weakness and Christ's strength. Speak to the groaning of creation and the longing for a Savior. Share the ultimate example of life coming out of death and suffering in the cross. Birth is a ready-made opportunity to talk about Jesus.
Moms, as we live, process, and retell the birth stories of our children, may we make the Author of life the hero. What a joy that we can tell of the new birth as we tell of the birth of our newborns.
Victoria Wilson is a worship pastor's wife and work-at-home-mom with two spunky daughters. She is active in her local church and grateful to have opportunities to serve others through writing. As a doula, she enjoys walking alongside families through the process of pregnancy and birth.


text:
EIA: US propane export growth drives petroleum product exports
October 3, 2016	By Megan Smalley
A look at the change in U.S. propane exports between the first half of 2015 and the first half of 2016. Graphic courtesy of EIA's Petroleum Supply Monthly.
Rapid growth in propane exports drove U.S. petroleum product export growth in the first half of 2016, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
In the first half of 2016, the United States exported 4.7 million barrels per day (bpd) of petroleum products. That's an increase of 500,000 bpd over the first half of 2015 and almost 10 times the amount of crude oil export volume.
Although U.S. exports of distillate and gasoline increased by 50,000 bpd and almost 140,000 bpd, respectively, propane exports increased by more than 230,000 bpd. Propane is now the second-largest U.S. petroleum product export, surpassing gasoline, EIA reports. While total U.S. petroleum product exports grew, export destinations remained largely unchanged. Mexico, Canada and the Netherlands received the largest volumes of U.S. petroleum products in the first half of 2016.
U.S. propane exports increased from 562,000 bpd in the first half of 2015 to 793,000 bpd in the first half of 2016. Exports to Asia and Oceania accounted for 94 percent of this growth, according to EIA. Japan imported the most propane at 159,000 bpd in the first half of 2016, an increase of 111,000 bpd from 48,000 bpd in the first half of 2015. However, exports to Panama fell from 41,000 bpd in the first half of 2015 to 7,000 bpd in the first half of 2016.
The large increases in exports to Japan and decreases in exports to Panama could be the result of reduced ship-to-ship transfer activity, following narrower price differentials between the U.S. and Asia, EIA adds. Some of the propane exports from the U.S. that undergo ship-to-ship transfers will cite the location of the transfer and not the final destination of the propane. This often results in larger-than-actual export numbers for the countries where the ship-to-ship transfers take place, and in less-than-actual numbers for some final destinations.
In addition, U.S. propane inventories increased to 103.3 million barrels as of Sept. 23. This level is 4.5 million barrels higher than the level at this time last year. Gulf Coast and East Coast inventories increased by 1.7 and 0.2 million barrels, respectively, while Midwest and Rocky Mountain/West Coast inventories decreased by 0.3 and 0.1 million barrels, respectively.
This article is tagged with EIA, Energy Information Administration, exports, imports, petroleum product, petroleum product exports, propane exports, supply and pricing and posted in News
UGI subsidiary to expand midstream portfolio with acquisition
Enterprise eyes 1 million bpd of LPG loading capacity in Houston
UPAS Group names executive director
Randy Thompson leads new class of NPGA officers


text:
UMBILICUS (Cannibal Corpse/Deicide members) release video for new single; album details revealed
70s rockers UMBILICUS first surfaced late last year with a teaser of a song. Last month we heard the band's first single "Hello Future". Today we get to hear the group's second single, "I, Human" with their first official video. The trippy adventure was filmed by Deidra Kling and Jeramie Kling, while editing duties came from the latter at Smoke & Mirrors Productions, with visualizers donated by Michael Celona.
https://youtu.be/WGQgZKD5HW4
Path Of 1000 Suns track-listing:
1. Hello Future
2. Umbilicus
3. Gates Of Neptune
4. I, Human
5. Stump Sponge
6. My Own Tide
7. Life On The Sun
8. The Call
9. Traveler
10. Gathering At The Kuiper Belt
The group is comprised of drummer Paul Mazurkiewicz (CANNIBAL CORPSE), guitarist Taylor Nordberg (DEICIDE, INHUMAN CONDITION, THE ABSENCE), bassist Vernon Blake (ANARCHUS, NAPALM DEATH - live), and vocalist and lyricist Brian Stephenson (FORE). The instrumentalists grouped together in the summer of 2020, crafting the music for what became "Path Of 1000 Suns" throughout the remainder of the year, then tapping vocalist Stephenson the following year to complete the lineup.
The band's debut album "Path Of 1000 Suns" is set to be released on September 30h, 2022 on Listenable Insanity Records and can be pre-ordered at umbilicusband.bandcamp.com
Details regarding international releases will be announced soon.
"Path Of 1000 Suns" was recorded, mixed, and mastered by Taylor Nordberg at Smoke & Mirrors Productions. The artwork for the album was also done by Taylor Nordberg.
Connect with UMBILICUS:
www.Facebook.com/umbilicusfl
Instagram.com/umbilicus_official
umbilicusband.bandcamp.com


text:
College grads start car wash business
MOST POPULAR: Video, stories and more
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For $10 and a water supply, Greg Kamrad and J.P. Whitford will come to your house and wash your car.
They opened 'College Car Wash' soon after summer break started. The business majors quickly realized, getting a job wasn't going to be easy.
"I applied to big five and sports authority but they'd already been filled up," said Whitford.
"I went to a couple of job interviews and there would be 35 and 40 year olds in the same job interview as me," said Kamradt.
The unemployment rate in Santa Clara County is 11.8 percent, slightly higher than the state average.
Cindy Chavez at the South Bay Labor Council says seasonal jobs are almost non existent in this economy.
"I do think there's a special hardship to people who are fresh out of college because the competition for the jobs that are available is very tight," said Chavez.
With fewer jobs available, the Cal Poly and Loyola Marymount sophomores shifted gears and created a business plan for a carwash start-up.
Before starting their business, the entrepreneurs researched their competition and they came to the largest most popular car wash in sunnyvale, where an interior and exterior wash is $15.
College Car Wash is $5 cheaper and these two are mobile.
"I wanted to have my car washed at my home, I didn't want to drive anywhere I thought it was very convenient," said customer Nancy Blodgett.
In just one month, College Car Wash's 19-year-old founders are making money -- in a time when so many others are not.
College Car Wash
collegecarwash@gmail.com
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text:
Jerrard Family Genealogy
Sandford Orcas, Chideock, London, Canada, Australia
Coat of Arms & Crest
Misc Information
London Jerrard Families
Donald Yuill Turnbull
On 05 Jun 1943 Donald was killed in the crash of a Wellington bomber while doing doing a training flight. He was a Royal Canadian Air Force, Flight Sergeant Navigator attached to 612 Squadron Royal Air Force.
The aircraft was returning from training and while in the landing circuit the left engine failed at low altitude leading to the aircraft crashing and catching fire. Donald was subsequently promoted to the rank WO2. He was buried in England and a memorial was placed in Lakeside Cemetery in Leamington, Ontario, Canada.
Next year is the 75th anniversary of the crash. There is a get together of surviving family at the grave site in England.
Donald grew up in Leamington, Ontario, Canada along with his family. His father was James Grant Turnbull and mother Edith Mytrle Leckie. His father was a doctor and had been born in Grand Bend, Ontario, Canada. He had 2 brothers and 2 sisters who survived him. His brothers names – Neil James Turnbull and John Glenwood Turnbull. His sisters names Katherine Agnes Turnbull and Helen Jean Turnbull (married Wallace Wigle Newland).
Any relatives that are interested in details please contact Tom Jerrard via email located on www.jerrard.ca
Tom Jerrard
Sandford Orcas Jerrard Manor House
Jerrard Book Page 2
In 1912 a book titled "The Jerrard Family And Its Chideock Branch" was written by Frederick Bartholomew Joseph Jerrard. F.B.J. Jerrard was a Chideock Jerrard. A major contributor to the book was Alfred William Gerrard, a Beaminster Gerrard. The author wrote the following on page 2.
Beheading
In 1912 a book titled "The Jerrard Family And Its Chideock Branch" was written by Frederick Bartholomew Joseph Jerrard. F.B.J. Jerrard was a Chideock Jerrard. A major contributor to the book was Alfred William Gerrard, a Beaminster Gerrard.
On Page 3 the author describes some Origins And Traditions. One of those he describes as follows: "As to the second tradition, a member of the Sandford Orcas family was undoubtedly executed for conspiracy -vide "Clarendon" and a pamphlet in the British Museum entitled "A true and impartial relation of the death of Mr. J[ohn]. Gerhard who was beheaded on Tower Hill, July 10th, 1654." [[Pamphlet now located at the British Library.]]
"This John "Gerhard" was the eldest son, (Visitation Of London 1634) of Nicholas Jerard of London, who was, (Visitation of Somerset 1623, p.4) a son of Robert Jerard of Samford Orcas".
"There is little doubt as to the identity of this John, as in his dying speech on the scaffold he forgave his brother Charles but one authority at least describes him as first cousin of Lord Gerard of Brandon."
Current research shows that this "tradition" is wrong. It appears, from secondary sources, that John Gerhard did have brothers Charles and Gilbert and a cousin who was Lord Gerard of Brandon. It would have been interesting to our family to have been connected with this John Gerhard but this is not to be. F.B.J. Jerrard's book is not materially affected by having this information clarified, however, a shadow is cast over "family traditions" and we must be much more circumspect when citing "family traditions" as prima facia proof that a fact or facts must be true.
Wageman's Picture
On page 8 of the 1912 Jerrard Book is a reference to a picture by T. Wageman (T.C. Wageman). This reference labelled 1390 and noted by A.W.G. (Alfred Wilder Gerrard) is quoted as follows:
"It is interesting to see a shield bearing the arms of the Jerrards of Sandford Orcas depicted in T. Wageman's picture of "The Expedition of the Knights of France and England to Africa under thd Duke of Bourbon, 1390.""
T.C. Wageman was an artist living in the mid 1800s and was probably known to Paul Jerrard of London an artist himself.
I have yet to see this picture, however, I did find an "Illustration" of this exact scene located in:
MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE OF SIR JOHN FROISSART
Sir John Froissart's Chronicles of England, France and The Adjoining Countries, form the latter part of the reign of EdwardII to the coronation of Henry IV
To Which is Added Some Account of the Manuscript of His Chronicle in the Elizabethian Library at Breslau and A Complete Index.
Newly translated from the best French Editions, with Variations and Additions from many celebrated Manuscripts.
By Thomas Johnes, Esq
At the Hafod Press MDCCCIII
British Library Shelfmark HLL942.037 etc
Plate IV of the book is the picture of interest to us. It is highly coloured and on opposite page a description of the setting and comments on the historical accuracy of the figures, banners and shield depicted. Sadly the shield of interest to the Jerrard readers is clearly not of Sampford Orcas. The shield depicted by Froissart is black background with gold outline and chevron and gold 'stars' where the ermine spots of the Jerrard coat are usually displayed. There is no other shield, displaying arms, that even closely resembles the Jerrard arms.
One is left to conclude that the Wageman picture referred to in the JBook is or was a modern day, liberally interpreted, painting commissioned by Jerrard's unknown, having the Jerrard arms substituted into the painting, possibly replacing the above mentioned shield.
© 2019 Jerrard Family Genealogy.


A cautionary tale for a leadership crazed orchestra.
The Royal Unharmonic Orchestra had just concluded their most successful season yet with packed houses sold out. The orchestra had been set up to bring glory and honour to the King through its orchestra and choir.
The leading conductors of the orchestra were having a meeting to decide the next five-year plan to grow and develop the orchestra and to impact the city and beyond. After much back-slapping and congratulations all round they got down to business. They had hired a business consultant to advise them on their new strategy. After observing the orchestra and taking a hefty fee the consultant came to two conclusions. The first conclusion was that they needed many more conductors to bring out the best in the orchestra. The second recommendation was that they needed more volunteers to move chairs around and adjust music stands and general administrative functions.
With the launch of the new five-year plan, there was great excitement. A series of seminars and training sessions were given to aspiring conductors. In these seminars, there were sessions on selecting the best batons and how to most effectively twirl these. A particularly popular seminar was based on how to make the baton relevant to ordinary people living in the city. Small groups were set up to attract more conductors and an intern programme for the most promising of these.
Many of the existing musicians abandoned their instruments and started baton twirling full-time. Some of the more experienced musicians increasingly felt marginalised and their considerable experience and skills despised. A group of these met with the leading conductors to express their concerns. The conductors listened most politely but advised these musicians that they needed to catch the vision and suggested they attended some of the conducting classes to help them do this. In private these musicians were accused of being cynical and were treated with suspicion which resulted in them being further marginalised.
When the orchestra met to rehearse, the bulk of the time was spent practising conducting skills. Most of the other musicians were reduced to observers but called on every now and then to help the volunteers move the chairs and music stands. In an attempt to liven up the rehearsals special craft sessions took place on how to build the best baton. There were also competitions to see who had the biggest stick.
Increasingly conductors were held in higher and higher admiration. They were often too busy attending meetings to properly relate and care for the orchestra members. As the five-year plan developed they lost touch with what was really going on mistaking the views of their own group for reality. Many of them began international speaking tours on how to transform the orchestra with conducting. Much status came to them through these and the series of books on conducting they published were very lucrative.
Meanwhile, the orchestra was haemorrhaging musicians with groups trying to form their own orchestras. These groups met to practice but spent more time criticising the situation they had come out of than making music. When they did play together the music was poor and uncoordinated because they refused to let anyone conduct. The truth of the matter was that they did need a conductor. Other musicians decided to go solo with many of them becoming buskers in the city centre. It was still their heart's desire to glorify the King but on their own this aim was greatly limited.
The numbers of the orchestra did not seem to be reduced because whenever a musician left they were replaced by a baton twirler. Towards the relaunch performance of the orchestra, the entire string section had been replaced with the youth conductor's section, the wind section by intern conductors and the brass by the conducting home groups.
On the day of the first performance of the relaunched orchestra suddenly the volunteers realised there were only conductors left in the orchestra and no other musicians. They decided they needed to try and get some musical instruments and help with the performance. They discovered in the orchestra rooms that all the instruments had been sold to fund ever more elaborate batons including gold and jewel-encrusted sticks for the chief conductors. They were also told by the chief administrator that there was no funding in the budget for musical instruments. In desperation, the volunteers got some loo roll from the toilet and used their own combs to make kazoos.
The time of the inaugural performance had come, and the auditorium was packed. The King was sitting in the royal box. The 'orchestra' came on to the stage and the lead conductor tapped his baton and all the other conductors tapped their batons to see if they were in-tune. The volunteers nervously tested their home-made kazoos. The main conductor entered and was greeted with rapturous applause. A silence fell across the hall and the orchestra started its performance. The conducting was truly awesome, and the various sections of the orchestra waved their batons with great passion, skill and dexterity. The volunteers did their best on their kazoos to keep up with the frenzy of conducting that was taking place.
The performance ended and there was a stunned silence from the audience that was quickly replaced with thunderous applause and a five-minute standing ovation. People were shouting how good the orchestra was and how great the conducting skills had been, however, there was no mention of the King.
How much is reality and how much is a parody?
What can we do to avoid this issue in our experience?
Click on the footnote for an explanation of the main point of the story.1We all live in a culture. This culture influences our attitudes and thinking in ways we are not conscious of. Something we are not conscious of, if not correct, can remain unchallenged in our lives and be unhelpful to us. Increasingly our western culture has moved away from many of the values of Christianity. There are therefore things within our cultural mindset that can be unhelpful to our churches. There is a need to recognise these things and challenge them. If the church blindly follows the culture all around them they can end up moving increasingly away from the practices and beliefs they seek to follow. An example of this can be a cultural pressure on people that would move them away from serving Christ and others to serving themselves.


text:
Speaker Series Odysseys in Technology
Pioneering the Laptop: Engineering the GRiD Compass
Introduced in 1982, the GRiD Compass 1100 was likely the first commercial computer created in a laptop format and one of the first truly portable machines. With its rugged magnesium clamshell case (the screen folds flat over the keyboard), switching power supply, electro-luminescent display, non-volatile bubble memory, and built-in modem, the hardware design incorporated many features that we take for granted today. Software innovations included a graphical operating system, an integrated productivity suite including word processor, spreadsheet, graphics and e-mail. GRiD Systems Corporation, founded in 1979 by John Ellenby and his co-founders Glenn Edens and David Paulsen, pioneered many portable devices including the laptop, pen-based and tablet PC form factors.
Join us as key members of the original GRiD engineering team – Glenn Edens, Carol Hankins, Craig Mathias and Dave Paulsen – share engineering stories from the Wild West of the laptop computer. Moderated by New York Times journalist John Markoff.
Add to Calendar 03/15/2006 6:00 pm America/Los_Angeles Pioneering the Laptop: Engineering the GRiD Compass Computer History Museum 1401 N. Shoreline Boulevard Mountain View, CA, 94043 United States
Computer History Museum
1401 N. Shoreline Boulevard
Mountain View, CA, 94043
Featured Participants
Glenn Edens
Carol Hankins
Craig Mathias
John Markoff
Science Writer, New York Times and Research Affiliate, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences
More Upcoming Events
NOVA "Secrets in Our DNA" Screening & Panel Discussion
Tue, Jan, 19, 4:00PM


text:
class EXPORT FPSCameraController
{
	CameraPtr cam;

	int lastMouseX;
	int lastMouseY;

	bool drag;

	float movementSpeed;
public:

	void SetCamera(CameraPtr camera);
	void SetMovementSpeed(float speed);

	void Update(InputManager & input);
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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The road to seamless urban mobility
January 16, 2019 | Article
By Eric Hannon, Stefan Knupfer, Sebastian Stern, and Jan Tijs Nijssen
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Full Report (PDF -3MB)
Will the coming mobility revolution make urban traffic better, or worse?
The age of modern transit began in 1863, when the first underground railway began rolling in central London. The line was short and smoky, and nothing like it had ever been seen before. But it worked, and cities around the world began to follow London's lead. Over time, city authorities came to see providing transportation as one of their core responsibilities; governments often owned and ran transit systems themselves.
Despite governments' best efforts, traffic is getting worse in many cities, and urban mobility has become increasingly complex. From 2010 to 2016, congestion rose in London by 14 percent, in Los Angeles by 36 percent, in New York by 30 percent, and in Beijing and Paris by 9 percent. Congestion carries health consequences, in the form of accidents and air pollution. Demographic trends—more people, and more in urban areas—will accentuate today's strains, which aren't solely about the movement of people. E-commerce is also growing fast, adding to the demand for urban commercial transport.
Seamless mobility could be cleaner, more convenient, and more efficient than the status quo, accommodating up to 30 percent more traffic while cutting travel time by 10 percent
The technological changes associated with mobility's "second great inflection point" create myriad opportunities for cities to address these challenges. As ridesharing grows up, digital vehicle connectivity deepens, electric vehicles (EVs) become mainstream, and autonomous vehicles (AVs) take hold (see "The trends transforming mobility's future"), it becomes possible to envision a future of "seamless mobility." In such an environment, the boundaries among private, shared, and public transport would be blurred, and travelers would have a variety of clean, cheap, and flexible ways to get from point A to point B. Our analysis suggests that seamless mobility could be cleaner, more convenient, and more efficient than the status quo, accommodating up to 30 percent more traffic while cutting travel time by 10 percent.
Today's reality, though, is far from seamless. Vehicles that are fully autonomous do not yet exist in meaningful numbers, EVs still make up only a small percentage of the global vehicle fleet, and traditional internal-combustion-engine (ICE) cars represent about 40 percent of passenger-kilometers—often more than rail and bus services combined.
Starting from this baseline, urban-mobility systems in dense, developed cities, such as London, New York, and Seoul, could evolve in a variety of ways over the next dozen years. This article describes three potential scenarios and details how public- and private-sector leaders can forge a strategy to make seamless mobility happen. For city planners and other urban-mobility specialists, we have also prepared a longer report, An integrated perspective on the future of mobility, part 3: Setting the direction toward seamless mobility (PDF–4.5MB).
Three scenarios
To develop a perspective on the future, we modeled a set of short (fewer than two kilometers), medium (two to ten kilometers), and long (more than ten kilometers) trips, differentiating between trips within the city business district and trips to and from the city and the suburbs. We also simulated the trade-offs that people make—for instance, deciding between a more convenient but pricier autonomous shuttle and a less convenient but cheaper bus—and estimated how these decisions could affect congestion in 2030. Finally, we accounted for "induced travel"—the concept that when it is easier or cheaper to travel, demand tends to rise. This analysis shows that seamless mobility holds many advantages, but achieving it is far from a foregone conclusion.
We strive to provide individuals with disabilities equal access to our website. If you would like information about this content we will be happy to work with you. Please email us at: McKinsey_Website_Accessibility@mckinsey.com
Scenario 1: Business-as-usual urbanization
Imagine a world in which population growth continued, but large cities managed their transport systems largely as they do today, with little innovation in pricing or policy. Imagine further that complicated traffic patterns, setbacks in technology development, and delays in consumer adoption deterred the large-scale deployment of AVs, and that vehicles did not electrify in large numbers.
In our analysis of such a model, the results are discouraging. Transport demand would increase in line with population growth (about 15 percent by 2030), and greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions could rise proportionally. City dwellers would travel in mostly the same ways as they do now, and private cars would continue to account for about 35 percent of passenger-kilometers. Average travel times would increase by 15 percent because capacity would be strained. In the United States, without substantial change, this is the likely scenario: few cities, even the largest, have comprehensive plans that consider new and forthcoming technologies.
Scenario 2: Unconstrained autonomy
Now consider an alternative future in which autonomous-driving technology advances, but regulators and city governments don't keep up. In other words, what if autonomous-transportation options follow in the footsteps of bikesharing programs and e-hailing, which hit the roads faster than the policies needed to guide them did?
It's certainly plausible. By 2030, shared AVs—or robo-taxis—could navigate to, from, and within a central business district. Our analysis suggests that, at that point, they could become an attractive alternative to private-vehicle ownership, with the cost per mile of riding in a robo-taxi running about the same as the cost of owning a moderately priced private vehicle, and that travelers could adopt them for individual or shared use for about 35 percent of their travel by 2030.
Compared with the first scenario, this one has clear advantages. The partial displacement of fixed-route buses by robo-taxis with flexible routing would increase the share of point-to-point trips, reducing waiting and walking times between transfers. If the robo-taxis were electric, GHG emissions would fall and air quality improve. Congestion, however, will not improve compared with the baseline, and it could get worse. The average time for a private car trip could increase as an increased convenience of robo-taxis draws more users onto the roads. Other travelers, anxious to avoid the crowded roads, could pack into trains. In all, we estimate that average travel times would be 15 percent higher compared with today's baseline scenario.
Scenario 3: Seamless mobility
Now for a third possibility: What if cities encourage the use of shared AVs through regulation and incentives? That would make it possible for residents to "mix and match" rail transit and low-cost, point-to-point autonomous travel in robo-taxis, autonomous shuttles, and autonomous buses easily.
Our analysis suggests that pooled AV shuttles could grab 25 percent of the market (twice as much as in the unconstrained-autonomy scenario), and private cars and privately used robo-taxis could provide about 30 percent of passenger-kilometers in 2030, compared with 35 percent for private cars today (Exhibit 1).
Exhibit 1
It's not just autonomous vehicles that would make the difference. Intelligent traffic systems, advanced rail signaling, and connectivity-enabled predictive maintenance would all boost network reliability. Seamless mobility could improve performance on all five indicators that characterize a transit system: availability, affordability, efficiency, convenience, and sustainability. It could accommodate up to 30 percent more passenger-kilometers (availability) while reducing average time per trip by 10 percent (efficiency). It could cost 25 to 35 percent less per trip (affordability), increase the number of point-to-point trips by 50 percent (convenience), and, if AVs are electric, lower GHG emissions by up to 85 percent (sustainability).
Setting the direction toward seamless mobility
The dramatic differences in outcomes associated with these scenarios (Exhibit 2) mean that cities, the companies operating in them, and their citizens face critical choices. Logistics costs, employee productivity, and the day-to-day life experiences of urban employees and customers are all on the line. To get to seamless mobility—the most attractive but also the most complex end-state—cities must do three things well: optimize supply, optimize demand, and improve sustainability. Here's a short list of urban transit priorities worth paying attention to.
Supply: Capacity utilization
Cities can enhance supply the traditional (and expensive) way—by building more roads, bridges, rail lines, and other infrastructure. But they can also do so by using their existing assets more intensively. Here are some tools they can deploy to do the latter:
Paving the way for AVs. Priorities for enabling AV use range from simple-sounding ones, such as ensuring that roads have clear signage and are in good repair, to others involving careful coordination at local, state, national, and international levels—such as the synchronization of insurance regulations, safety rules, data standards, and communication protocols. The latter can actually boost road capacity, because allowing AVs to communicate with one another enables them to drive closer together, meaning more vehicles can travel safely on the same roads.
Automating, and tech enabling, trains. Autonomous operations and advanced signaling reduce the space between train coaches, making it possible to achieve higher speeds and carry more people. This is no fantasy: dozens of autonomous trains already exist, for both metro lines and site-specific systems, such as airports. When Paris automated its oldest metro line, the average speed rose 20 percent. Trains can keep rolling more frequently through condition-based and predictive maintenance, which involve collecting performance data and using statistics to identify and fix problems before they cause breakdowns (reducing maintenance costs by up to 15 percent).
Deploying intelligent traffic systems. These systems minimize wait times and maximize movement—for example, through lights that sense traffic and communicate with each other, as well as dynamic lane allocation, which shifts lanes to the direction with more traffic. Such systems have reduced commuting times in Buenos Aires by as much as 20 percent, in San Jose and Houston by 15 percent, and in Mumbai by 12 percent.
Creating smart parking-technology networks. Such networks connect vehicles to infrastructure and inform users where parking is available, reducing the amount of time (and frustration) needed to find a space. In San Francisco and Johannesburg, smart parking has already reduced parking search times by about five minutes.
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Demand: From private to shared modes of travel
Increasing supply alone won't achieve seamless mobility. Encouraging people to shift to a widening array of shared-transportation options and moving some traffic to off-peak hours are also critical pieces of the puzzle. If people move away from driving themselves to using rail, bus, or autonomous shuttles, existing infrastructure can carry more passengers without increasing congestion—and maybe reducing it. Demand-optimization tools include the following:
Creating dedicated lanes for shared vehicles. If all the autonomous shuttles and buses that enter circulation travel in their own lanes, they will be faster, more attractive travel options. Cities such as Bogotá and Brussels have already found this to be the case with traditional buses.
Scaling e-scooters and shared bicycles. By shortening the "last mile" journey from a person's location to a rail station, these options make rail travel more attractive. They are already correlated with increased public-transit usage in Beijing, Melbourne, and New York.
Changing the terms of trade. Shared- and off-peak-transportation options become more attractive when individual, peak-load options are less enticing. For instance, limiting the number of robo-taxis and taxis, by way of a licensing system, increases wait times and would make users more likely to select shared, autonomous options. Congestion pricing, in which vehicles pay to enter busy urban areas at certain times, is another option. Such pricing has already succeeded at shifting traffic patterns in London, Milan, Singapore, and Stockholm.
Shifting commercial deliveries to off-peak hours. Goods transport accounts for almost 20 percent of urban congestion. By allowing night deliveries, cities could take stop-and-go commercial vehicles off the streets during the day. The concept has been piloted in cities such as Barcelona and New York, reducing travel times for all users by as much as five minutes.
Nighttime is the right time: Transporting goods accounts for around 20 percent of congestion. In New York, night deliveries move around 25 percent of delivery traffic out of peak hours.
Sustainability: Congestion and air quality
Even with seamless mobility, roads would continue carrying the largest percentage of passengers and a healthy volume of freight. Improving air quality and reducing GHG emissions, therefore, means dealing with the vehicles that move on those roads. EV emissions fall sharply when they are charged with low- or no-emissions sources; they are therefore a critical part of the equation. One tool that cities can use to encourage the use of EVs is the creation of low- or zero-emissions zones. Another is to promote the electrification of shared, fleet, and government vehicles, which are used more intensively. Amsterdam has already made special citywide parking permits available for electric-car-sharing fleets, and Los Angeles International Airport recently purchased electric buses for its operations.
Urban commercial transport and the future of mobility
In our view of a seamless-mobility world, all robo-taxis and autonomous shuttles would be electric and charged by no-emissions sources by 2030. This may appear ambitious, given the baseline. Even in China, the world leader in EVs, only 30 percent of buses sold in 2016 were electric. As for cars, electric versions account for a tiny share of the global market, largely because of concerns about cost and range. However, because robo-taxis and autonomous shuttles are likely to be used more intensively and frequently as part of fleets, the total cost of ownership of an EV could become competitive with that of an ICE vehicle by the mid-2020s.
A possible dream
Achieving seamless mobility won't be easy, but it's not a pipe dream, because the advantages associated with it are so clear. Moreover, seamless mobility could create significant business opportunities. Our analysis suggests that by 2030, 40 percent of the transportation-revenue pool—the money that residents in dense, developed cities like New York, Paris, and Tokyo spend on transit—could be served by modes of transport (particularly autonomous shuttles, robo-taxis, and those using logistics approaches) that don't even exist now. Seamless mobility may require new kinds of assets, such as storage and maintenance facilities for shared autonomous fleets, fast-charging infrastructure, and dedicated AV lanes equipped with vehicle-to-infrastructure communications and IT systems. All of this represents a significant new area of opportunity for infrastructure companies to design, build, and operate in and for new forms of public–private partnerships. Seamless mobility is only achievable if cities tap into the private sector's capabilities, business models, innovations, and technologies.
Finally, the past offers hope. Cities have reimagined transport before and did what was necessary to improve the mobility, and thus the lives, of their people. Go back to that first underground railway: London not only permitted eight years of construction through one of the most crowded districts in the city, but it also established a public–private partnership and invested £200,000 in what was then a highly experimental project. "Those who devised and carried out this undertaking would be entitled to the highest praise and gratitude of the people," noted one speaker at the ceremony to commemorate the opening. "This line was not only an honor to the country but a solid advance in civilization." True enough then—and, perhaps, it will be true again in the future.
Download An integrated perspective on the future of mobility, part 3: Setting the direction toward seamless mobility, the full report on which this article is based (PDF–4.5MB).
CGI illustrations created expressly for McKinsey by Peter Crowther
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Eric Hannon is a partner in McKinsey's Frankfurt office, Stefan Knupfer is a senior partner in the Stamford office, Sebastian Stern is a senior partner in the Hamburg office, and Jan Tijs Nijssen is an associate partner in the Amsterdam office.
The authors wish to thank Julian Albert, Neeraj Huddar, Maite Pena Alcaraz, Swarna Ramanathan, and Ben Sumers for their contributions to this article.
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[Review of] Susan J. Wolfson's Romantic Interactions: Social Being and the Turns of Literary Action
Kenneth R. Johnston, Ruth N. Halls Professor Emeritus, Indiana University-Bloomington
[Victorian Web Home —> Gender Matters —> Reviews of recent scholarship and criticism]
[Thanks to James Heffernan, founder and editor-in-chief of Review 19 for sharing this review with readers of the Victorian Web. — Katherine Miller Weber]
usan Wolfson is not afraid to profess the study of literature. Her impressive body of work has reasserted the claims of close reading and formal literary values in the face (or the wake) of New Historical and other forms of social, materialist criticism which have tended to reduce poetic texts to the socio-political arguments that can be based on--or against--them. Yet she does this not in simple reaction to what has become a very prevailing trend in the field of Romantic criticism, but with a keen alertness to the moral issues raised in Romantic poetry, especially when they involve the status of women, and particularly women writers, then and now.
The present book takes a further step in this direction by investigating poetic language and feminist issues. Its procedure is highly intertextual, reading texts back and forth, for and against, each other. Launching her book off against the not-so-old shibboleths of Romantic art as single, solitary and subjective (and masculinist), she steers toward her "interactive" goal: literary forms of "social being." She distinguishes her "interactive" criticism from four other kinds of intertextual criticism: 1) the general or common sense of the term, "that would capture and consume the illusion of the author" ; 2) Helen Vendler's subtle stories of "lyric intimacy"; 3) those recent examples of critical study that emphasize professional and personal collective and/or collaborative literary action (such as Jeffrey Cox's recovery of a "Cockney School") ; and 4) the more professional publishing worlds illuminated in Jack Stillinger's "report on Romanticism, and much else, in Multiple Authorship and the Myth of Solitary Genius [1991]" (1). While she allows all these paradigms to be "brilliant, proximate, and relevant," her own interest is in "cases of a writer coming to self-definition as 'author' in connection with other authors--whether on the bookshelf, or in the embodied company of someone else writing, or in relation to literary celebrity." Her instances, she says, are neither autonomously self-determined, nor authorless-ly intertextual, nor in a broad sense socially determined. Instead, they are "distinctive instances where a Romantic 'author' gets created, as a literary consciousness, in a web of reciprocally transforming and transformative creative subjects--in what I term interaction" (2). All of the Romantic authors she studies are women--Charlotte Smith, Mary Wollstonecraft and Dorothy Wordsworth, pre-eminently--with the partial exception of William Wordsworth, whose authorial coming-to-consciousness is shown to be significantly indebted to his sister's.
This study of "literary consciousness" makes for a linguistically very rich, dense critical prose, whose manner and conclusions Wolfson defends in terms of her own critical oeuvre: "proof emerges from the fine grain of reading, and reading against the grain--reflecting my conviction, from my first publications on, that irreducible events of language, as they are read and debated, written and revised, reviewed and received, constitute our most fundamental resource for describing Romantic culture" (9; my italics).
As an only partially reconstructed New Critical reader myself, yet one frequently identified with New Historical practices, I am sympathetic to these goals and methods. But I found Romantic Interactions challenging, as it intends to be. It exemplifies a species of "language criticism" (by analogy with "language poetry"), seeming to take the "linguistic turn" where language itself, rather than specific authors or texts, becomes the principal entity under examination. Yet it is not deconstructive criticism, where metaphors inevitably betray meaning. It seems instead "re-deconstructive," where all kinds of instances of language work to proliferate, deepen, and extend meaning, forcing us, precisely, to re-evaluate authors and texts.
In her acknowledgements, Wolfson praises the resources of the Princeton University library, adding that "though I retain my affection for, interest in, and scholarly reliance on the material book, my research has been greatly assisted by on-line access to page-image reproductions of many, many out of print and otherwise rare books," citing particularly ECCO (Eighteenth-Century Collections Online), Google Books and all its institutional partners, and the Romantic Circles website. These new resources are very important for a book like this one, since they enable the author to trace texts, allusions, quotations, variations, editions, lines, spelling and other textual features almost infinitely backwards and forwards in time. Indeed, more than the method, these resources might be said to provide something of the motive for such a finely-grained linguistic study. Wolfson frequently uses the metaphor of the web, appropriate both to her method and her re-conception of her field, as containing "vast and eventual harmonies of interaction" (2, paraphrasing Emerson), in which "authorial self-recognition takes shape as a reciprocal formation in a society of formations" (8).
Wolfson's critical manner is demanding. In her first chapter, which traces the "politics of allusion" in Charlotte Smith's The Emigrants (1793), she shows how Smith challenges masculine poetic authority even while also challenging (masculine) political authority in the 1790s "revolution" debates--from the vulnerable position (then) of a woman commenting on "male" affairs. Smith alludes to many male authors, but these allusions are not signs of her own authorial dependency; rather, as Smith uses them, she "vexes her textual field to effects more disruptive and confrontational: a sustained interaction with tradition and history that issues a politics of literary form" (17). Wolfson examines many inter-layered, or inter-acting, allusions, going back through Thomson to Pope and thence to Shakespeare, Milton, and Homer. Citing what Smith was reading at one moment or writing to Joel Barlow at another, Wolfson also deftly weaves in what the reviewers said about the poem and how they differed on questions of politics and female authorship; she also explains how Smith's efforts differed from those of Hannah More and Fanny Burney in the same cause (i.e., relief for French clergy fleeing the revolution). In addition, Wolfson explicates Smith's internal footnotes with in-textual commentaries and footnoted/endnoted explanations of her own. It gets a bit dizzying at times.
In re-reading the portions of The Emigrants that Wolfson quotes, I do find it more impressive than I had heretofore (though I always thought it quite good), but not perhaps for the reasons she adduces. We are shown so much going on in the intertexts and paratexts of the poem that we (or I) tend to lose sight of the poem itself--even though Wolfson is less concerned with "the poem itself" as a critical construct than with the poem as a field of literary interactions. In one five-page account of these allusive interactions, Wolfson shows how Smith adapts Milton's famous simile, "As one who long in populous City pent" (P.L. 9.445), from one illustrating Satan's sense of natural refreshment at seeing Eve (compared with "the hot Hell" behind and within him), to more socio-political aims: "As one, who long / Has dwelt amid the artificial scenes / Of populous city ...forgets all taste / For Nature's genuine beauty." Such a one has so " long ...liv'd where Despotism hides / His features harsh, beneath the diadem / Of worldly grandeur," that even slavery seems "slavery no more." As Wolfson says, "Smith's intensifying rant is a massive political recasting of Milton's grand epic simile for Satan's self-torture" (40). Later on, Wolfson observes, Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Keats would summon up the same simile in its simplest sense; contrasting urban miseries to their rural vacations, they would make it "a hallmark of (male) Romantic alienation, rehabilitating its bearer, Satan, from moral villain to modern psychological hero" (39)--an evidently limper use than Smith makes of it. And not only that, Smith's re-modeled simile "sharply" differs from earlier eighteenth-century adaptations by Edward Young and William Cowper, who use it in religious or psychological arguments, respectively. "Steeped in Milton and Cowper, Smith casts the protagonists in her version of the simile (a layered interaction) as only degenerate, with no claim to heroic narrative, no claim to pathos" (42)--that is, the pampered nobility lurking numerously among the emigrant French clergy. Thus Smith is shown to be more liberal politically and more independent poetically than several male poets who allude to Milton. By means of the many turns Wolfson charts in this one extended textual interaction, Smith asserts and confirms her authorial independence in the midst of social being--that is, the rapidly shifting English reactions to the French revolution at the time of the poem's conception and publication, 1792-93. Wolfson's readers are left to decide the extent to which a politically turned use of Milton's epithet is more "independent" than religious, psychological, or naturalistic uses of it.
Chapter Two, "Mary Wollstonecraft Re:Reading the Poets," is a tour de force of Wolfson's linguistic criticism and to my mind the best one in the book, for it enables Wolfson to look through Wollstonecraft's eyes at the texts she read. Analyzing Milton's Eve in the Vindication, Wolfson writes, "Wollstonecraft invents what we now call feminist criticism: a resistant reading of argument and its ideological grain; sharp attention to language and its cultural information; and a reflection on herself as both victim and theorist of male prejudice" (69). Wolfson probes not only Wollstonecraft's well-known works but also her early, preparatory ones, such as Thoughts on the Education of Daughters (1787) and her anthology, The Female Reader (1789). In the latter, Wolfson suggests, Wollstonecraft anticipates her criticisms of Milton's Eve in the Vindication, presenting her selections with a sort of deadpan proleptic irony, "without a critical blink, in a centaine dose with a nonce title, 'Conversation Between Adam and Eve on Going to Rest'" (70). That is, a "dose" of a hundred lines of Milton in which we, if not perhaps the female reader of 1789, might sense the coming critical revolution. In a sense, Wolfson sees more than Wollstonecraft sees, or at least more than she shows, for with the linguistic resources at her disposal, Wolfson can furnish all of a sentence from which Wollstonecraft quotes only a phrase, can more fully contextualize a few lines of poetry she alludes to, and can accurately recover some words that Wollstonecraft slightly mis-remembers, even correcting her punctuation and capitalizations and her (or her printer's?) page placements. And since each text can be taken to imply all of every other text it refers to, the "turns of literary action" can become very sharp indeed, not to say dangerously slippery. Wolfson is thus enabled to know what "stay[s] in Wollstonecraft's head," because she has all the texts readily available. Given those texts and the undeniable evidence that Wollstonecraft read them, it is difficult to disagree with the points Wolfson makes. For me at least, the form or manner of assent is more of an atmosphere or general hum of nodding agreement than a firm recognition of a concrete point crisply established. Yet Wolfson's thesis is never in doubt: that Wollstonecraft's "adroit textual tactics" with Milton (90), a kind of literary jiu-jitsu, enable her both to criticize his caricature of woman and simultaneously to defend her own claims to author-ity.
In the more straightforward Chapter Three, "The Poets' Wollstonecraft," Wolfson considers how Wollstonecraft was treated by a dozen Romantic-era writers ranging from Barbauld to Hazlitt. Wolfson handily disposes of her chief detractors, Richard Polwhele and T.J. Mathias. But she also discovers some good defenders in John Henry Colls's A Poetical Epistle addressed to Miss Wollstonecraft (1795) and William Roscoe's unfortunately little-known satiric ballad, The Life, Death and Wonderful Atchievements of Edmund Burke (1791). Yet even Wollstonecraft's best defenders, we know, were nervous about the besmirching effect of her reputation, so badly set forth by Godwin in his Memoirs. Wolfson usefully reminds us of just how long the anti-Wollstonecraft line of rhetoric and argument survived and thrived, right into the 1970s and the first wave of the "women's liberation" movement. Women writing on the liberal (let alone radical) side of the question in the 1790s were vilified far worse than men, thanks to the ready reservoirs of misogyny which were already being topped up in response to much milder proponents of equal--or at least better--treatment for women.
Chapter Four is about Wordsworth and "the Pregnant Words of Men's Passions." Since "strong passion" might confuse readers' sense of "proper sexual identity" (114), Wordsworth and Coleridge insisted on the manliness of their poetry so as to ward off possible criticisms for its effeminacy from Francis Jeffrey and others. Nowadays feminist critics (Wolfson instances Anne Mellor and Marlon Ross) see Wordsworth as aggressively masculine, but as a result we may tend to overlook and undervalue the number of female characters in his poetry, as well as forget what his contemporaries thought of it (116). In place of this aggressively masculine Wordsworth, Wolfson defines the Wordsworthian "Poet" as one not afraid of passion, though guarding and distinguishing his passions from effeminate sentimentality.
But, against all this protection, Wolfson writes, "across the poetic structuring of Lyrical Ballads (text) issue affinities of impregnated passion that press against any sure artifice of gender difference" (122). Wolfson uses lots of embedded verbs and verbal forms like this: affinities "issue" across structures to press against unstable implied critical arguments. (In vulgar language, as Fielding might say, the sentence could be recast as, "some of the poems in Lyrical Ballads make it hard to say that Wordsworth consistently follows the apparent masculinist program or bias of his 1800 Preface").
As a case in point, Wolfson chooses "Strange fits of passion." Here, she says, "Wordsworth lets us see that language as much as anything generates this cry" [of the speaker]: the Latin linking of Lucy to light underwrites the sudden drop into a fate feared of her" (122). As this highly subtle reading goes on, I wonder who is accomplishing this. Wordsworth? Or the English language? Wordsworth "lets us see"...that it's not just him, but language working through him? And is it the Latin root of "Lucy" that, "as much as anything," precipitates the moon's dropping into the lover's fears? Maybe so, but I would have thought more was at stake here. I feel sure "Lucy" would have too.
Chapter Five, "William's Sister," is a two-part meditation on Dorothy's various roles in the inspiration and creation of her brother's poetry. First, against recent arguments that Wordsworth's masculine "egotistical sublime" radically subordinates Dorothy, Wolfson contends that this is not simply the case (as distinct from "simply not"). Instead, she shows that we can find in William Wordsworth's poetry plenty of "wild flashes" from Dorothy's presence and imagination, if we follow the many textual trails that bear her prints. Wolfson tracks Dorothy mainly through a many-layered reading of "Nutting." Besides noting changes in its vocabulary over its several lifetime editions, she closely reads the draft manuscripts from the Cornell Wordsworth, its allusions to Shakespeare, Ariosto, Spenser and Milton, and its recycling through a secondary text like the Rev. Joseph Hines's Selections from the Poems of William Wordsworth, chiefly for the Use of Schools and Young Persons (1836), in itself and as reviewed by Mary Jane Jewsbury. The main sticking point in the long-running critical argument about the role or presence of Dorothy in the poem is the apparently condescending moralizing coda addressed to the "gentle Maiden" who suddenly appears on the scene at the end. In Wolfson's revisionary reading, following the poem's "turns of literary action" in or upon these inter-texts, Dorothy appears here not as Nature's "calming" agent, the role she is usually thought to play in Wordsworth's creative mythology, but rather as "a fiction of difference written over a knowledge of common passions" (163).
Having secured this revisionary defense of Dorothy's presence in Wordsworth's poetry, Wolfson goes on the offensive, actively arguing that Dorothy's creative gifts stand apart from their very often unacknowledged appropriation by her brother. Writing of the potential that DeQuincey saw in her writing, Wolfson contends that "no small part of this potential was Dorothy's evident genius, for writing against, and in alternatives to, the forms and forces of her brother's imagination" (178). The primary proof-texts here are Dorothy's journals, especially the well-known passages which supply much of the imagery and emotion of poems like "I wandered lonely" and "A Night-Piece." But Wolfson also makes maximum use of the possible grammatical ambiguities throughout the journal: "After Tea I wrote the first part of Peter Bell--William better"; "I wrote the 2nd Prologue to Peter Bell ...After dinner I wrote the 1st Prologue"; I wrote the Pedlar and finished it," and so on, through many such instances. "To me" (concludes Wolfson) "these are creditable records of conversation and collaboration across a difficult period of writing, refitting 'disaster' [of The Pedlar] (Grasmere Journal 73), and anguished, then productive rewriting. The poetic work is intensely interactive ...The journal is not just a record; it is also a medium of interaction" (166-67). I take her point, and acknowledge that it would be hard to establish it in any other way.
Chapter Six, "Dorothy's Conversation with William," continues this argument, again in two stages. The first asserts (though that is a stronger verb than Wolfson's procedure usually admits) that William's "purchase" on "masculine tradition" is not as firm as it is often reputed to be, especially by feminist critics arguing for his discouraging influence on Dorothy's writing. And the second, corollary to this, is that Dorothy did not feel it this way, but rather wrote in ways "that are neither abjectly nor oppostionally 'feminine,' but diversely--and interactively--Wordsworthian" (185).
Generally speaking, one can see and say that Dorothy's imagination moves in more communal, nurturing ways, as contrasted to her brother's more alienating and solitary directions, including his often-under-remarked self-doubting challenges to himself. But rather than speaking "generally," Wolfson lets her thesis emerge from the suggestive accumulation of variations she can trace between Dorothy and William's echoing allusions-with-difference to and from each other's texts, such as his "Home at Grasmere" and her "Floating Island at Hawkshead."
The chapter concludes with a finely detailed reading of Dorothy's Narrative concerning George and Sarah Green (1808), about the poor Lakeland (Easedale) couple who fell to their deaths when returning home over the fells from a visit to Langdale. Again Wolfson stresses the communality of Dorothy's language, including her use of the plural "we" instead of an authorial "I" when speaking for the committee of village ladies who undertook, very successfully, to provide for the Green's six orphaned children. But at the same time Wolfson reads Dorothy's narrative across its own grain. In Sarah Green's dependent situation (the Greens were about to be forced to sell their land anyway), Wolfson suggests, or in her daughter Jane's now-actual dependency, Dorothy might have seen fore-shadowings of her own dependent fate among her brothers. The relatively happy outcome of the accident for the Green children (they got better educations than they might otherwise have had) does not obscure hints that "the Greens' fall could have been hers" (203). She might have fallen literally, since she was once lost in the mist at nearly the same place where they fell. But also, and more interestingly, she might have fallen figuratively. By implicitly comparing herself to Margaret in "The Ruined Cottage," Wolfson suggests, Dorothy prompts us to remember what critics from DeQuincey onwards have said about the poem: that Wordsworth's Wanderer could have done more to help Margaret himself.
My summaries of these arguments are inadequate to Wolfson's method, which is anything but summary. Instead, she prefers to advance by suggestive indirection, almost always by adding now one, now another, of textual variations from both William's and Dorothy's poetry (and prose), from manuscripts, different editions, direct or indirect quotations from and allusions to other writers (Goldsmith via Radcliffe, for example), letters, journals and so on, bringing in other authors (DeQuincey, Lamb) as needed. Still, the conclusions, when they finally arrive, are firmly on-thesis: "[Dorothy] will set herself up as author in a language of community, and in a community of language." (199)
At times, this method requires (at least for this reader) a long suspension of assent while the trains of suggestive association are being laid down. It is almost never a line of authorial intention, but rather almost always one of linguistic implication, and questions of chronology are not admitted (for example: 'when did this imply that, and how does the implication change when another text or variation is cited later on?') A (force)-field of language is being mined, with relatively less attention to the path we follow or create in doing so.
A particularly intense example of this procedure is Wolfson's reading of the phrase, "the numbers came," from Dorothy's "Irregular Verses," which were sent in response to a request for some of Dorothy's poetry made in 1829 by the daughter of Jane Pollard Marshall, who had been one of Dorothy's childhood friends. The "numbers" phrase echoes "poetic numbers came" from the 1805 manuscript of The Prelude (I.160), "which in turn echoes the poet of Paradise Lost" ("Harmonious numbers," 3.38). But "Dorothy's phrase inhabits inhibition ...attracting an even nearer, no less self-defeating allusion" to Pope's Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot: "I lisp'd in Numbers, for the Numbers came." But Pope was encouraged by his father, whereas Dorothy feared "even the mild maternal smile," which "to own the truth, / Was dreaded by a fond self-love" (Wolfson, 184). I wondered what biographical facts, if any, such language might point to, but Wolfson doesn't speculate about it. Instead, she cites a "routine" footnote in Pope's Works by William Warburton ("that Dorothy would have known"), which reports Pope's father's words as, "These are good lines." Thus, the linguistic synapses fire across each other to reinforce the inference that Dorothy's numbers came, if at all (she said) "by chance," and that her uncertainty and diffidence about authorship were worlds away from her brother's "mounting Will"--a pun that Wolfson points toward both Dorothy's "underscored desire" to be a poet and her "unrealized volition" to achieve it.
But Wolfson argues for diversity in the two Wordsworths' interaction, against a critical tradition that "at least up to the 1970s" devalued Dorothy's poetry as " 'beguiling' but not 'interesting.'" The critics she cites as taking this line, Douglas Fadem, Elizabeth Hardwick, Rachel Brownstein, and "early [Pamela] Woof," are all said to follow the terms "set" by DeSelincourt in his 1933 biography of Dorothy. But even as she challenges these earlier critics, revising the valuations of William and Dorothy made by her precursors in feminist criticism, she is circumspect and generous in stating her differences: "As my conversations indicate, [Margaret] Homans's and [Susan] Levin's work on Dorothy Wordsworth has been foundational to my own" (324).
The book's final two chapters are "Gazing on 'Byron': Separation and Fascination" (Chapter 7) and "Byron and the Muse of Female Poetry" (Chapter 8). As Wolfson indicates, they are less about Byron than about "Byron," the cultural image, and a wide range of female readers/writers who responded to, revised, and re-created it, from Anne Milbanke, Caroline Lamb and Joanna Baillie to Felicia Hemans, Elizabeth Barrett, M.J. Jewsbury, Laetitia Landon, Caroline Norton, Emily Bronte, culminating in, "with high transatlantic controversy," Harriet Beecher Stowe.
By moving beyond a simple binary of male domination versus female subordination/subjugation, Wolfson carefully differentiates her work from that done by some of her colleagues and predecessors in Romantic feminist criticism. In this respect Romantic Interactions recalls her earlier work in defending formal literary values from historical reductionism (Formal Charges: The Shaping of Poetry in British Romanticism). Her finely grained linguistic and textual method is well suited to this aim, and also to her concerns for the "social being" of "the turns of literary action" in criticism as well as poetry, since it enables her to suggest differences without seeming to enforce them. Wolfson moves very cautiously over very detailed textual ground, registering small, incremental variations in texts that have perhaps been read with too much head-on polemical vigor, or not enough (inter)textual knowledge. But to the extent one appreciates its method, the larger claims of the book are persuasive.
Gender Matters
Women in Literature -- A Literary Overview
Romanticism: An Overview
Susan J. Wolfson Romantic Interactions: Social Being and the Turns of Literary Action. Johns Hopkins, 2010. xv + 381 pp.


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Marine vet involved in 'Black Hawk Down' recovery gets 2 years in prison for death of kitten
A gavel cracks down. (Airman 1st Class Aspen Reid/U.S. Air Force)
November 22, 2019 Julie Manganis - The Salem News
A Salem man was sentenced to two years in jail on Wednesday, after admitting to punching and stabbing a kitten to death in the early morning hours of New Year's Day last January.
Peter Rice, 44, who lived at 37 Cabot St. prior to his arrest, pleaded guilty to charges of animal cruelty and carrying a dangerous weapon (a spring-loaded type knife) during a hearing in Salem Superior Court Wednesday.
Rice and his then-girlfriend were watching the black and white "tuxedo" kitten, named "J.T.," for their neighbor, a single mom who was away on vacation with her children, at the time.
He later told police he was "wasted" and playing video games when the kitten scratched him.
Rice reacted by punching the kitten, which began suffering convulsions, he told police. That's when he took out the first of two knives and stabbed the kitten in the heart and then in the head, leaving the second knife stuck in the creature's skull.
Then — in what his lawyer later suggested was a call for help — Rice photographed the kitten and sent a message to a friend in Western Massachusetts that included the picture.
The friend contacted Salem police. When officers arrived, Rice initially denied knowing about a cat. His then-girlfriend told police she had been looking for the kitten all morning.
Rice later confessed he had punched and killed the kitten, then had hidden it under some leaves in a barrel on Gardner Street.
Prosecutor Lynsey Legier said "J.T." died primarily from blunt force trauma.
She asked Judge Thomas Drechsler to send Rice to state prison for two to three years.
Rice's attorney, who had filed a sentencing memorandum, has pointed to his client's history of post-traumatic stress due to his Marines service; Rice said he was part of a recovery crew after Black Hawk Down in Somalia and was traumatized by what he saw.
Records that Rice provided to the court during earlier proceedings indicated he had spent limited time outside of the United States and his account of serving in Somalia could not be confirmed.
"It is a very serious case," said Drechsler. "A poor, defenseless animal was killed."
The judge said he was taking Rice's military service and his cooperation in helping find the kitten's remains into account, though "that doesn't excuse his offense."
The two-year jail sentence, which, the judge said, exceeds state sentencing guidelines, will be followed by three years of probation, during which Rice will be required to submit to random tests for alcohol and drugs, which he's forbidden from using, undergo mental health and substance abuse evaluations, not possess or be a caretaker of any animals, stay away from the kitten's owner and away from his former girlfriend, and take an online animal safety class called Benchmark Animal Rehabilitative Curriculum (BARC).
If he complies with all of those conditions and stays out of further trouble, he can seek early termination of that probation after two years.
Because the sentence is to a house of correction instead of prison, Rice will be eligible for parole in a little more than a month from now, after receiving credit for the 324 days he's been held in custody awaiting trial.
Legier dropped a number of domestic abuse charges against Rice following the hearing, saying prosecutors were unable to proceed in that case.
© 2019 The Salem News
China threatens retaliation if Trump signs Hong Kong rights bill into law
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