He may have been right, about agencies developing ties and relationships with actors across the ideological and political spectrum. But there was surely more to it if the engagement was happening with a group that was supposedly hostile to India's interests. Analysts have long pondered the connection between India and the Maoists.
Those who were then serving in the Indian establishment take great pains to emphasize that being in touch could not be construed as support. And as proof, they point to how several Maoist leaders were arrested in India during that period. C. P. Gajurel 'Gaurav' was picked up in Chennai when he was travelling on a fake passport to England. The party's ideologue, and Prachanda's political guru, Mohan Vaidya 'Kiran', was arrested in Siliguri. The Maoist leader from the Madhes, Matrika Yadav, was arrested and handed over to Nepal. (Yadav's arrest seems to have been a result of a difference in outlook between the IB [India's Intelligence Bureau] and RAW. The RNA [Royal Nepalese Army] had passed on information about Yadav to an IB official who was visiting Nepal with an Indian minister's entourage; and a RAW functionary once mentioned to me how IB had 'messed up' by arresting a key source.) Upendra Yadav, who was known to be close to the Maoists, though his exact relationship with the party remained ambiguous, was picked up, but then mysteriously let off. Suresh Ale Magar, the ethnic theorist for the Maoist party, was arrested and so were Ram Karki, who had served as an important link of the party with India's radical movements, and Bamdev Chhetri. Cases were filed against many Maoist cadres. It became a lot more difficult for the top leadership to travel in India as compared to the late 1990s.
The arrests caused a ripple within the Maoist organization. Despite the sporadic communication his party representatives had with Delhi, Prachanda was now convinced that the principal contradiction of the people was with the 'expansionists', meaning India. Worried about their safety, both he and Bhattarai returned to Rolpa in 2004 and began living in their base areas. Prachanda even announced that they would eventually have to fight a war with India, and called for trenches to be dug for that purpose. Bhattarai was uncomfortable with the rhetoric, for he continued to view the Palace and the monarchy as the key problem, the enemy which needed to be vanquished, not India. The tension had historical roots, with different schools of the Nepali Left prioritizing either 'nationalism' or 'democracy'.
2009-10: Like many other Nepalis, I was angered by India's policy, actions and behaviour in that period. Having covered the political process day in and out, I had seen the depths to which the Indian establishment had plunged to isolate the Maoists, with little regard for the notions of sovereignty, democratic norms and processes, or political ethics. India's actions appeared to confirm long-held apprehensions in Nepal that Delhi was not comfortable with any domestic force with a sizeable mass base, and one which refused to take dictation from the babus of South Block. Delhi's desire to be in control of events and actors in Kathmandu has often preceded any other objective. In 1960, the Nehru-B. P. Koirala relationship had become uneasy when Koirala had struck out and asserted his strong and independent personality. In the 1990s, minor incidents disrupted India's ties with the NC which eventually benefited the Palace. And now, India had a problem with the two forces who had been most successful in the 2008 elections—the Maoists nationally, and the Madhesi Janadhikar Forum (MJF) in the plains. It seemed India really wanted pliant agents, and was just not mature enough to deal with autonomous political agents in a neighbouring country.
What India was attempting with the Maoists was not a simplistic strategy of isolation, though. It was emulating a highly sophisticated tradition of statecraft it had practiced, with mixed results, in Kashmir with the Hurriyat Conference and, in the Northeast, with the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah). Engage, coerce, divide, frustrate, exhaust, corrupt, lure, repeat the cycle, and give nothing. It had never stopped talking to the Maoists even when the war of words was at its worst. It had isolated them to show them the high costs of not listening to advice. It had encouraged Baburam Bhattarai as a counter to Prachanda in order to sharpen the divisions within the party.
It had created a situation where the leadership could deliver nothing to the cadre, frustrating them and increasing the gulf between the top and the bottom. It offered inducements and showed the benefits of cooperating and playing along with the existing political-economic networks. And it kept up the strategies until the incentives for the other side changed, and caused a transformation in its behaviour which suited the establishment.
[...] this time, India was intervening not in favour of universal values but to influence outcomes in a fragmented but democratic political landscape. There was no reason for Delhi to play favourites among Nepali politicians, for no one—including the Maoists—had harmed India's security interests. They could have let domestic political processes take their own course instead of preventing a natural equilibrium from emerging. For a neighbour to actively intervene in order to try and kill another country's elected institution, and target one political force, went beyond any acceptable norm of inter-state relations.
But the Nepali Maoists, despite this baggage, had come around to the new political reality. They had participated in the elections and won legitimately. Despite sporadic incidents, they had allowed a free and extremely critical press to flourish. They had given up their base areas and opened it up to political competition so that other political parties could operate there. They had dissolved their parallel courts and had agreed to have their former army put into cantonments. Prachanda had resigned when faced with an uncomfortable political situation, and was making a bid to return to power by gaining a majority on the floor of the house.
2011: There was also a change of personnel in the Indian establishment. And as we had seen in 2005-06, individuals played a major role in shaping policy. Sanjeev Tripathi had taken over RAW in January 2011, and he was understood to be in favour of reengaging with the Maoists. Alok Joshi had taken over as special secretary who looked after key neighbouring countries. Joshi had served as the station chief in Nepal between 2008 and 2010. A product of JNU, and an Indian Police Service officer from the Haryana cadre, he had sharp political sense and knew the lay of the land in Nepal.
RAW did not believe in giving the Maoists a blank cheque and recognized the importance of challenging them in order to get them to deliver on commitments. But it could also see that the experiment of keeping the Maoists out of power had perhaps outlived its utility, and the Indian position needed revision. It argued to the national security advisor, Shiv Shanker Menon, that the Maoists should be given 'one final chance'.
Rakesh Sood had left Kathmandu for Paris, and the new ambassador, Jayant Prasad, had not yet arrived in Kathmandu. A soft-spoken, brilliant diplomat, with uncanny political sense and a commitment to basic democratic ethos, Prasad had an old Nepal connection. His father, Bimal Prasad, a former professor in JNU [Jawaharlal Nehru University], had been India's envoy to Kathmandu in the early 1990s and had a reputation of being close to the NC. But Jayant Prasad had visited Nepal only once during his father's tenure and carried little baggage. A 'free-thinker' in his student days in JNU, where he distinguished himself academically, Prasad could empathize with broad socialist and Left political thinking, but carried no dogma. While Prasad did not take charge till August-end, Sood's departure had already helped to partially detoxify the India-Maoist relationship.
Prachanda had met senior Indian intelligence officials during his trips to various Southeast Asian cities through the summer of 2011. In early August, they met in Kuala Lumpur where Prachanda once again committed to completing the peace process as soon as the Maoists led the government. He briefed them on internal tensions within the party, and said that after Khanal resigned, the Maoists would put forward Baburam Bhattarai as the party's prime ministerial candidate. Indian officials are learnt to have told him that they would not object if the Maoists observed all democratic processes and mustered a majority on the floor of the house. This was a significant meeting in rebuilding the relationship between the two sides. While the mistrust was deep, both sides were slowly inching back to the more nuanced approach they had with each other between 2005 and 2008. To borrow Prachanda's metaphor, the warmth may not have returned, but there was a thaw. A rapprochement was on the horizon.
Would it finally enable the successful accommodation of the Maoists into the formal power structure? Would it help integrate the Maoist combatants into the NA [Nepalese Army] — an issue which was at the heart of the tensions over the UN's role in Nepal, over General Katawal's dismissal, over the Maoists' re-entry into government, and the yardstick for whether the rebels had indeed transformed into a democratic force? Would it finally push forward the Constitution-writing project, which had been in limbo as power games overwhelmed Kathmandu politics? Would the renewed engagement between India and the Maoists bring back the focus on the core political goal of restructuring the Nepali state and Nepali nationalism?
The NC was now in panic mode. Ambassador Sood had completed his tenure in Kathmandu and had left a few months earlier. This had weakened the voice of the MEA within the establishment, which was more averse to giving the Maoists a chance. RAW, on the other hand, had veered towards allowing the Maoists another chance. They had not encouraged the Madhesi parties—but the 'agency', as Kathmandu politicians called RAW, had not discouraged them either. Left to domestic factors, the NC realized that there was little that would stop the Madhesi parties from choosing the more attractive option.
The NC now used all its political capital to get India involved on their side. The former party leader, and now President, Ram Baran Yadav, shared a personal equation with finance minister and old political warhorse Pranab Mukherjee—the only senior political leader in Delhi who really paid attention to Nepal. They spoke to each other in Bangla—Yadav had attended school in Calcutta. President Yadav warned Mukherjee that the Maoists' return to power would be dangerous, and they must help stop the Madhesis from voting for Bhattarai.
An Indian embassy official, upset with the [Nepali] President's attempt to undercut the local mission and reach out directly to the political leadership, told me about this conversation and said that it had rattled Delhi. Surya Bahadur Thapa, the former prime minister who had excellent ties with Delhi's political and bureaucratic elite, called up his interlocutors with a similar warning. Thapa's grandson Siddhartha had become a close friend and, over coffee at Babar Mahal, Siddhartha expressed deep unease at the evolving Indian stance, as they saw it. Shekhar Koirala, G. P. Koirala's nephew who had played an active role in the run-up to the signing of the 12-point Understanding, shared cordial ties with National Security Advisor Shiv Shankar Menon. They had known each other since Menon's time as a joint secretary handling Nepal in the mid-1990s. Koirala called up his old friend, urging India to get the Madhesis to support Poudel. He warned India that having the Maoists in power at this time would ensure that they remained in office if the CA ended without a Constitution having been finalized and that would have adverse consequences for Delhi. I met Koirala in the CA [Constituent Assembly] compound a few days later, and he confirmed to me that he had reservations about India's position and felt that Delhi was making a mistake.
Delhi seems to have become worried by the multiple messages from friendly interlocutors. The political section of the Indian embassy now got into the act. They warned the Madhesi parties that the Maoists would deceive them, that their commitment to federalism was opportunistic, and that the parties of the plains must reconsider their options. The pressure could either have been born out of a desire to show to the NC that India was doing its bit, or born out of a genuine policy line to block the Maoists once again. Delhi ordered RAW, which was more open to the Maoists, to step back from the process.
Results of Nepal's elections for the second Constituent Assembly were declared on November 25. The Nepali Congress (NC) emerged as the single largest party, winning 105 of the 240 seats under the first-past-the-post category. By comparison, the NC won only 37 seats in the 2008 elections.
Second place goes to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), better known as the UML, with 92 seats, a party that won a mere 30 seats in the previous election.
The Maoists received a drubbing. Their party, which prevailed in the 2008 elections with 120 seats, limped in this time with a humiliating 26 seats.
And no one was a bigger loser than Prachanda, leader of the Maoists, who couldn't even win a seat in the Kathmandu constituency – although he did win a seat, by a narrow margin, from the southeastern distict of Siraha. Meanwhile, three family members – his brother, his daughter and his sister-in-law – were handed defeats as well.
The day after the elections, Prachanda called a press conference and pronounced that rigging had taken place all over the country, that is was an international conspiracy and that he demanded that the vote-counting process be halted immediately, otherwise his party would boycott the second Constituent Assembly.
The international community was unimpressed by Prachanda's conspiracy theory. India, the United States and the European Union congratulated Nepal for conducting elections in a free and transparent manner – significantly helped by beefed-up security forces – and urged Prachanda to concede defeat and accept the poll results.
Even China made a significant diplomatic gesture, which indicated its approval of what it perceived as transparently held elections: Yesterday, the Chinese Ambassador to Nepal, Wu Chuntai, called on Nepali Congress Vice-President, Ram Chandra Poudal, and conveyed his best wishes for future improvements in peace, stability and development works.
Prachanda faced dissidence within his own party as well. A high-level Maoist meeting was convened on Saturday, during which the party's two deputies - Baburam Bhattarai and Narayankaji Shrestha - did not buy Prachanda's idea to boycott the Constituent Assembly. The party's agenda was still relevant, Bhattarai said in a statement. "I still believe that the agenda put forth by the UCPN-Maoist regarding the progressive transformation of the state and economic prosperity still holds true," he added. Bhattarai said his party "would opt for a legal battle in the cases involving poll irregularities in some constituencies" and launch a struggle through the assembly to implement its agenda.
The other big losers in the elections were the Madhesi parties. MJF (Loktantrik), a regional party from the southern plains, managed to get just four seats and its splinter party MJF (Nepal) won two. Before the split, these two parties had won 52 seats in the Tarai-Madhes region bordering southern neighbor India.
Elections to the Constituent Assembly were held under two categories -- first-past-the-post and proportional representation. A total of 240 seats were allocated in the first category and 365 seats in the proportional representation category. Counting for the second category -- proportional representation – is still underway.
The remaining 26 seats in the 601-member Constituent Assembly will be nominated by the newly created Cabinet at a later date.
Yesterday, the Nepal Army granted the post of officers to 71 former Maoist combatants as part of a reconciliation program to integrate the ex-rebels into armed forces.
At a press meet organized at Nepal Army headquarters, Nepal Army has disclosed the ranks of the former Maoist combatants who opted to be integrated into the state army.
The proposed directorate with the strength of 4,000 personnel will be comprised of 35% former combatants and 65% Nepal Army (NA) personnel.
NA Major General Ram Krishna Adhikari will head the directorate, the NA said.
According to the arrangement, the NA has granted the post of officers to 71 former Maoist combatants who went through training under Nepal Army while the remaining 1,373 combatants will be accommodated to various posts of Nepal Army.
On completion of Nepal Army's training one of the officer will be made Colonel and two of them will be made Lt Colonel, according to the Nepal Army headquarters.
The following is an article written by PRASHANT JAH, published by The Hindu.
Six years after the formal end of the civil war, Nepal's "peace process" has concluded with the integration of a little over 1,450 former Maoist fighters into the Nepal Army (NA). The cantonments where the former combatants of the Maoist People's Liberation Army (PLA) resided have closed down, Maoist weapons are under state control, and the PLA has ceased to exist ending the state of "one country, two Armies".
In the past few weeks, the final phase of the integration process saw 1,388 combatants who had opted for integration pass through the NA-conducted selection examinations. They would join at the solider level. Seventy five other former Maoist fighters have cleared the written exam to join the NA at the officer level, though final results for them have not yet been announced since medical tests and interviews are to be completed. Officers are to go through a nine-month training course, and soldiers would undergo a seven-month course — both sets will also have an additional three-month "bridge course".
Over the past five years, there has been a gradual reduction in the number of combatants in the cantonments. About 32,000 individuals had initially registered in the camps in early 2007. But the United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) verified only 19,602 of those as combatants and disqualified over 4,000 persons for being under-age or joining the Maoist Army after the ceasefire began. The "disqualified" were discharged from the cantonments in early 2010.
In November 2011, (click here) a seven-point agreement was signed between the parties, which stipulated that a maximum of 6,500 former combatants could be integrated in a specially created general directorate under the NA. In the first phase of regrouping, over 7000 combatants opted to retire with cash packages while over 9,000 opted for integration.
But in subsequent rounds, this number steadily dipped and finally, around 1,600 combatants and 116 officer-level former fighters chose to go through selection tests.
In April 2012, the Nepal Army had also taken charge of the cantonments as well as containers that included over 3,000 Maoist weapons. The NA is now making arrangements to transport the containers to army centres from the cantonments, which have closed down.
There is some uncertainty about where the combatants would be accommodated in the Army structure, since a lot fewer combatants than expected will be getting integrated. The original strength of the proposed general directorate was 18,500 — with 6,500 former Maoists constituting 35 per cent of the force and the remaining 65 per cent personnel from the security forces. It was to have multiple responsibilities, and be headed by a Major-General.
"I don't think there will be a general directorate now. There could be a directorate, which has limited responsibility, since its size will only be around 3,500 now," says Deepak Prakash Bhatt, a member of the Special Committee Secretariat. The Maoist leadership has however insisted that a general directorate be formed in keeping with the agreement.
While there was an informal agreement that the senior-most rank to be given to the Maoists would be that of a colonel, sources say that going by years of service, several former Maoist commanders would be eligible only to rise up to a major. "Profession says major, let us see what politics determines," said a key official involved closely with the process.
With over 15,000 trained and ideologically-influenced combatants opting to retire, there have been concerns about their future course of action. Among them, some have joined the radical Maoist splinter led by Mohan Vaidya 'Kiran', and are being organized into a semi-military structure. But most are, according to those who have closely worked in cantonments, returning to their families, setting up businesses and working with their old Maoist party.
On Monday, Baburam Bhattarai, Nepal's Maoist prime minister, flew to Brazil at a time when the country is reeling from serious political and constitutional upheaval.
Bhattarai's reason for flying to South America was to attend the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development – the Rio +20 Summit, to be held from June 20-22.
By going to Rio, Bhattarai has ignored his own party's order not to make foreign visits because such a move is not in keeping with the situation in Nepal and plays into the hostilities of opposition parties.
But by Monday, Bhattarai may have come to regard his own party as one component of the opposition.
KATHMANDU, June 16: The Central Committee meeting of the dissident faction of the UCPN(Maoist) led by Senior Vice-chairman Mohan Baidya has endorsed a political document that proposes revolt as its main political line and terms the acceptance of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement one of the major mistakes.
The 17-page document prepared by Baidya will be presented at the national gathering of leaders and supporters of the faction starting from Saturday in Kathmandu.
On Friday, 14 January 2011, at 5:00 p.m., the UN Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) lowered its flag, closing down an operation that had lasted four years. I no longer exercise any official role with respect to Nepal, having left to take up functions as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Burundi. My perspective now is from an entirely different peace process, on another continent.
On Wednesday, Nepali soldiers moved into the cantonments where thousands of former Maoist rebels have lived since 2006, at which time the Maoists abandoned their 10-year revolt and joined the peace process. The government's chief monitor for the former rebels, Balananda Sharma, confirmed that army soldiers arrived at all seven main camps and eight satellite camps spread across the country.
Nepal's Maoist ex-combatants began leaving the cantonments they had called home for five years on Friday after receiving government checks as part of a plan to integrate them into society.
7,365 former fighters were released.
Each Maoist was provided with a check ranging from $6,357 to as much as $10,235.
"It is an emotional moment," said Ram Lal Roka, a vice commander at the Dahaban cantonment in the Rolpa district. "I am returning to my society, ending 16 years of service in the P.L.A.," he said.
Barsha Man Pun "Ananta" of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) is a member of the Constituent Assembly as well as a member of the Maoist party's Central Secretariat. During the ten-year insurgency, Pun served as deputy commander of the People's Liberation Army. Although the armed struggle is over, Pun remains the PLA's commander, responsible for overseeing Maoist combatants in the major cantonments spread throughout the country.
Until two weeks ago, Pun was Peace and Reconstruction Minister in the UML-led government. It was widely known that there was a behind-closed-doors agreement between the Maoists and Prime Minister Khanal that Pun would soon be given the far more important position of Home Minister.
But instead, the post was given to another Maoist leader, Krishna Bahadur Mahara. The last-minute switch, according to some sources, was because the other parties in the coalition government balked at having a Maoist military commander as Nepal's home minister.
If P.M Khanal was forced by the coalition government to name Mahara instead of Pun (in order to avoid controversy), he failed.
Mahara returns to the limelight despite being involved in the vote-buying scandal last year in which he was taped during a phone conversation. He blatantly sought money from a Chinese businessman – votes that would have bought MPs' support for Maoist Supremo Prachanda in the 2010 prime ministerial election. When the taped telephone conversation scandal was leaked to the media, Prachanda's hopes of winning the election were, for all practical purposes, scuttled.
Be that as it may, it seems unlikely that Pun will remain backstage for long. He enjoys a large support base within the Maoist party – something that cannot be said of Dr. Bhattarai and something that cannot be overlooked, when talking about a future Maoist-led government and its cabinet.
I interviewed Commander Pun at his home. The following is a translation from the original Nepali.
DUNHAM: The Kathmandu Post, on March 8, 2011 quoted you as promising that, "integration and rehabilitation of PLA combatants will be completed before May 28." As the deadline draws near, that seems like an impossible promise to keep. What was your solution for the successful integration of the PLA combatants, and what were the main obstacles that kept you from achieving that?
Jhalanath Khanal, Nepal's New Prime Minister: Breakthrough or Trojan Horse?
Jhalanath Khanal, chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist Leninist (UML), whose own party had unceremoniously pulled him out of the earlier elections for Prime Minister, captured a clear majority to clinch a decisive victory on February 3. This became possible only after Maoist Supremo Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachanda withdrew his own nomination for the post. Khanal was sworn into office on Sunday, February 6.
The international community was quick to support and, in some cases, hail the election of Khanal as a major step to complete the faltering peace process. The UN, for instance, issued a statement saying that Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, commends Nepal's parliament for this significant achievement and all Nepali Parties and leaders for their efforts to form a new government….this development will give a significant boost to efforts to fully implement their outstanding commitments under the Comprehensive Peace Accord and the interim constitution, notably the integration and rehabilitation of the Maoist combatants, democratization of the army and adoption of a new constitution.
Have the Maoist ex-rebels really been handed over to the Nepali government?
There have been two very important lowering-of-the-flags ceremonies in the last week in Nepal.
On January 15, The United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN), which was established in January 2007, folded its flags and went home. The UNMIN had been tasked to monitor the 19,000 former Maoist rebels, who fought a decade-long war to establish a communist regime.
In late 2010, the Maoists lobbied hard for a UNMIN extension – to no avail. Many of the opposing parties had come to regard the UNMIN as unrealistically sympathetic – if not hoodwinked – by Maoist doublespeak and, in one case, a video-recorded lie about the number of ex-combatants confined to the 28 cantonments. For the Maoists part, they blamed the Indian government for hastening the end of UNMIN presence in Nepal.
Some analysts predicted that the impact of the UNMIN's departure would go well beyond the technical aspects of its work, that the crucial questions of how many Maoists would be integrated into the Nepal Army and how many would be rehabilitated for a non-military future had not even begun. Other analysts suggested that the UNMIN's presence was merely a symbolic deterrent and had little meaningful impact on the peace process. Still others suggested that the UNMIN had diluted Maoist motivation to make hard and timely decisions on what to do with the sequestered ex-rebels. In the event, no one seemed to wither in despair when the UNMIN flag was packed away.


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A-ight peeps. We're now less than a week away from Halloween Sunday! Don't be scurred. Y'all still got 4 days to shop and prepare for the ghoulish festivities. Plahnny time!
This bonus one is for all da fellas out dea! I had this in my archives for the longest time and never knew what to do with it. Well, I think I figured it out. Ha! There ya go! (Eyes blacked out to protect the innocent)… Ahahaha!
The UH Men's Basketball team kicks off their season with an exhibition game against Chaminade, next Saturday, November 6th at 7pm at the Stan Sheriff Center. Because I'm such a generous man (and the fact that I can't make it 😛 ), I'm giving away my tickets to whoever wants it. Holla!
We're down to the second to the last WIH Wednesday before Halloween so we're gonna kick it up a notch (*BAM!*) and post two photos for y'all this week. The photos from this year actually have significance for wifey and I, but I'll let you guess why (if you even care).
In the first photo, we gots some eye candy for the fellas. Watch what you say about da one on da left (espesh you rayboyjr)! Haha!
Da "Where In Hawaii" Winnahz Circle (Round 2)!
* Wanna see the results from round 1? It's all right here!
Have a happy VH07V Wednesday y'all! 😛 Don't forget to post your guesses below k? Shoooots!
So hurr we are on a (Thirsty) Thursday, continuing our Halloween theme for Where In Hawaii… Check this week's funny photo out and see if you can get some points yo!
Have a happy VH07V Wednesday Thursday y'all! 😛 Don't forget to post your guesses below k? Shoooots!
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Home About Us Blog The Archive of the Royal Odonto-Chirurgical Society of Scotland
The Archive of the Royal Odonto-Chirurgical Society of Scotland
Tags: Dentistry, Edinburgh, Royal Odonto-Chirurgical Society, Wellcome Trust
Over the past couple of months our fantastic volunteer Arturo has been arranging, rehousing and cataloguing the Archive of the Royal Odonto-Chirurgical Society of Scotland. His work forms part of the Wellcome Trust funded project to make the archive collections held at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh more accessible. With Arturo's hard work complete, the Odonto-Chirurgical Society collection is now available to researchers. The catalogue will shortly be available on the Archives Hub.
The Royal Odonto-Chirurgical Society of Scotland was founded on the 18th March 1867 and is the oldest dental society in the United Kingdom, still actively functioning under its original aims. When the Society was established, dentistry was unscientific and unregulated, and was rarely viewed as a distinct profession in its own right. Consequently a large number of unskilled quacks 'practised dentistry', mostly tooth extraction. Contemporaries recognized the "Herculean effort" required to establish a society that would unite and regulate the dental profession, promote dental education and uphold ethical standards. One of those was John Smith, who had first provided a course of lectures on clinical dentistry at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1856 (and went on to be President of RCSEd and the British Dental Association). You can read more about Smith here.
In 1865 Smith met with like-minded surgeons practising dentistry in Edinburgh, with the aim of establishing a society in order to tackle the effects of a crude, often unethical, and apprenticeship-trained 'profession', and the wheels were set in motion. Two years later the Odonto-Chirurgical Society of Scotland was founded, with John Smith submitting a code of rules for the practice of ethical dentistry. His laws and constitution were adopted under the Society's first President, Robert Naysmith.
According to Paul Geissler, the Odonto-Chirurgical Society was a major impetus for the educational, ethical and scientific progress of the profession in Scotland. In its centenary year, 1967, the Society was granted a Royal Warrant, becoming the Royal Odonto-Chirurgical Society of Scotland.
The archive comprises:
Minutes and Transactions: Minute Books 1-19 (1867-2002); Transactions of the Odonto-Chirurgical Society of Scotland (1868-1958);
Financial records: Treasurer's Book (1881-1923); Accounts abstracts(1972-78); Account Book (1950-87); Treasurer's Report (1992-2008);
Correspondence: Letter from John Abercrombie (1844)); G.E.B. Moore's correspondence (1957-71); Donations (1951-58); Centenary Prize Essay correspondence (1973-76); Laetitia M. Brocklebank's correspondence (2004-06); Meeting announcement letters (1938-96);
Administrative: Membership & Obligation Book (1867-1922); Papers relating to the National Register of Archives Scotland (1972); Membership Rolls (1990-98);
Library: Printed catalogues (1880); Typescript catalogues (1939-54); Library's lending book (1908-39);
Events and celebrations: Presidential addresses (1966-72); Centenary celebrations (1967-78); Centenary talk (1973-75); Centenary Prize essays (1976); Ephemera (1977-2011);
Papers relating to the background and history of the Royal Odonto-Chirurgical Society: Historical Review (1927-62); Correspondence with the Scottish Home and Health Department (1966); Typescript lists of members, presidents and other charges (1971); Papers relating to P.R. Geissler, The First 130 Years, 1867-1997 (1997);
Miscellaneous papers: Carte de visite (c.1860); Gertrude Herzfeld scrapbook (1949-81); Photographs of dental specimens (1959-61); Dr. Paul Geissler's documents (1995); Honorary Fellowship certificate (2009); Seal of the Royal Odonto-Chirurgical Society of Scotland.
Biographical information compiled from : Paul J. Geissler, The Royal Odonto-Chirurgical Society of Scotland: The First 100 Years, 1867-1997. J. Menzies Campbell, Dentistry Then and Now (Pickering & Inglis Ltd, Glasgow, 1963). For a potted history of dentistry in Edinburgh see http://www.museum.rcsed.ac.uk/media/4014/dentistry_history.pdf
"I am forever decided that my collection shall never be sold to the Prussian state in general": Johann Friedrich Meckel and Surgeons' Hall Museum
International Women's Day: Remembering Mabel Purefory Fitzgerald

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
From the Editor: Inside the May Issue
Home / Culture / From the Editor: Inside the May Issue
By Jennifer Dulin Wiley
From the Editor: Inside the May Issue2014-04-162016-08-14http://www.alivemag.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/logo_header.pngAlivehttp://alivemag.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ALIVELogoPlacerImage.jpg200px200px
By now, we know we can count on STL's restaurant scene to keep things interesting— there's always a new spot (or James Beard nomination) just around the corner. But the bar scene hasn't always followed suit…until now. St. Louis' own Taste is a James Beard nominee for Best Bar Program, STL's many talented mixologists are garnering some much deserved recognition in cocktail competitions across the country, and the number of new drinking establishments that have opened in St. Louis in the past year is downright impressive. With summertime just around the corner, we couldn't be more excited.
Whether you're looking for an exceptional drink, the right scene or entertainment hotspots, our Where to Drink Now story has you covered. Contributing Dining & Spirits Editor Matt Sorrell takes you inside 13 of the city's newest hotspots, with tips on who's there, what to drink and other insider info told only like Matt—a trained mixologist who's currently hanging his hat at Planter's House—could describe it.
But we didn't stop with those new to the scene. Summer of Beer and Whiskey taps into two of the hottest trends in town, highlighting old favorites alongside newly opened destinations in an insider's guide you won't want to miss. From buzzy bottles to summer brews on tap, we've got everything you need to spend the entire summer exploring what the STL nightlife scene has to offer. Plus, our Summer Entertainment Preview will further fill your calendar with the 25 must-attend events heating up St. Louis from Memorial Day to Labor Day.
Our cover man Jon Hamm needs no introduction—and there's no arguing his career is on fire. As he wraps his final season on "Mad Men," Hamm looks ahead to the silver screen, where he takes the lead in Disney's "Million Dollar Arm," premiering May 16—a role that helped earn him the National Association of Theatre Owners Award of Excellence in Acting just last month. When it comes to talking about his work, Hamm is all business (a trait that has served him well in his 20-some years in Hollywood). But ask him about the celebrity side of his, at times, crazy acting life, and you see the humorous, tell-it-like-it-is side of Hamm that's both entertaining and incredibly real. Get him on the subject of St. Louis, and there's no doubt the STL-native-turned-mega-star still has a soft spot for his hometown. When Hamm will make it back to St. Louis remains to be seen. In the meantime, seeing him in his first major appearance on the big screen will have to suffice. Let's just say, his St. Louis audience will be rooting for him.
Local, Summer
What To Do in St. Louis This Weekend
Molly Mitchell and Eggy Ding: The Power Duo Leading Rose's Fine Food in Detroit
Summer Entertainment GuideCulture, Guide
Inside the Cover Story: Jon HammCulture


text:
Q: How to resolve these errors "[error]Git checkout failed with exit code: 1" in tfs How to resolve these errors in tfs
"error: pathspec 'refs/remotes/origin/master' did not match any file(s) known to git",
"[error]Git checkout failed with exit code: 1"

A: This could be similar to Microsoft/azure-pipelines-tasks issue 2740, should you see something like:
##[command]git -c http.extraheader="AUTHORIZATION: bearer ********" fetch --tags --prune --progress origin
##[command]git checkout --progress --force refs/remotes/origin/master
  error: pathspec 'refs/remotes/origin/master' did not match any file(s) known to git.
##[error]Git checkout failed with exit code: 1

I could be wrong, but I think it's because your Git repository is empty and might not yet have a master branch.
You can try queuing the job manually in Jenkins and you'll probably see the same error there.

Make sure your repo as at least one commit on the master branch.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
PORTNAME=	xbatt
PORTVERSION=	1.2.1
PORTREVISION=	4
CATEGORIES=	sysutils
MASTER_SITES=	http://www.clave.gr.jp/~eto/xbatt/

MAINTAINER=	egypcio@FreeBSD.org
COMMENT=	Laptop battery status display for X11

ONLY_FOR_ARCHS=	amd64 i386

USES=		imake:noman xorg
USE_XORG=	ice sm x11 xaw xext xmu xpm xt
PLIST_FILES=	"@(,operator,2755) bin/xbatt"

.include <bsd.port.mk>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Jamaican med student details tough times in Cuba
July 19, 2021 in Regional
A 22-year-old Jamaican native who has been studying medicine in Camagüey, Cuba for the past three years, has found himself in a frenzy in recent times. It follows a shortage of food and medicine across the Spanish-speaking island, and what citizens have described as a weak...
PAHO urges Caribbean countries to provide vaccines to protect children from diseases
The director of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Dr Carissa F Etienne, says it is imperative to close the gap that separates children from the vaccines that can protect them from dangerous diseases. "The Americas has been a victim of its own success, but we...
RAT SEES RED
MERRICK Dammar, the New York-based attorney-at-law representing Red Rat, says legal action will taken against Greensleeves Publishing Ltd for suing American singer Chris Brown without the deejay's consent. "The actions of Greensleeves and others involved in the lawsuit are unsanctioned by Mr Wallace and it comes...
Caricom to spearhead partnered approach to assist Haiti
[caption id="attachment_3163" align="alignleft" width="300"] Antigua & Barbuda Prime Minister Gaston Browne[/caption] As conditions in Haiti continue to plummet, Caricom has made the commitment to lead the charge to help restore order in the member-state. Chairman of Caricom, Prime Minister Gaston Browne revealed yesterday that after meeting with...
Gov't minister robbed!
PEARNEL Charles Jr, a rising star in the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) Administration, yesterday felt the sting of a daring daylight robbery when thieves removed government documents, a wallet and computer bag from his Toyota Prado in Kingston. Charles, who heads the super Ministry of Housing,...


This page lists important basic definitions in group theory, as may be covered in an elementary group theory course. Note that the full article linked to by the page may contain far more detail than is required for a basic definition. For just a basic idea of the meaning, read only the Definition section.
For those keen on available online resources in group theory, check out the list of available online books here. For those wanting to learn about good texts for basic group theory, check here.
Pages in category "Basic definitions in group theory"
The following 40 pages are in this category, out of 40 total. The count includes redirect pages that have been included in the category. Redirect pages are shown in italics.
This page was last edited on 7 May 2008, at 22:38.


text:
Social bots disrupt online communication about natural disasters
Researchers at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock are studying how social bots influence the delivery of news via social media during major disasters.
The study examines the role of social bots – automated Twitter accounts that attempt to affect or influence the behaviors of others – and their coordination and communication patterns with complex organizational structures to disseminate information during four natural disasters that occurred in 2017.
The paper, "Analyzing Social Bots and their Coordination during Natural Disasters," will be discussed at the SBP BRiMS 2018 International Conference on Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling, & Prediction and Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation to be held July 10-13 in Washington D.C.
Tuja Khaund, a Ph.D. student in computer and information science at UA Little Rock, is the lead author who will present the paper. She is also a researcher at COSMOS (Collaboratorium for Social Media and Behavioral Studies) – a research group led by Dr. Nitin Agarwal, Jerry L. Maulden-Entergy Endowed Chair and Distinguished Professor of Information Science. Khaund also presented this work at the UA Little Rock Student Research and Creative Works Showcase and was awarded first place in the graduate student technology division.
The paper's co-authors include Dr. Samer Al-Khateeb, a postdoctoral research fellow at COSMOS, Dr. Serpil Tokdemir, a research project analyst at the office of Medicaid Inspector General and a postdoctoral research fellow at COSMOS, and Agarwal.
Researchers collected data from Twitter during Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria as well as the 7.1-magnitude Central Mexico earthquake that killed 370 people on Sept. 19, 2017. The study resulted in the collection of more than 1.2 million tweets generated by more than 800,000 Twitter accounts.
The researchers detected the presence of social bots in the collected dataset and studied the social networks of the top ranked bot accounts as well as the top ranked non-bot accounts (humans) and then compared both networks.
They discovered that social bots, which evolve constantly and become more sophisticated as time progresses, can disrupt discourse in online spaces. While humans have more tightly knit online communities, social bots tend to make rather weaker connections that result in a lack of a sense of belonging in the online community.
Analysis of their content revealed that the discourse was not just limited to the disaster events. Non-relevant hashtags including hoaxes and alternate narratives were latched on to the event-specific hashtags and were disseminated in Spanish, Arabic, French, and Japanese, among other languages.
In future research, COSMOS investigators hope to understand the different strategies that social bots use to coordinate disinformation campaigns in which online discourse is successfully manipulated.
The research is supported in part by grants from the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR), U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and the Maulden-Entergy endowment at UA Little Rock. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding organizations. Researchers gratefully acknowledge the support.
Written by Angelita Faller
In: Bots, Student Achievements
Tagged: College of Engineering and Information Technology, COSMOS, DARPA, Department of Information Science, EIT, Engineering and Information Technology, Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Irma, Hurricane Maria, Information Science, Maulden-Entergy, Medicaid Inspector General, misinformation campaigns, Nitin Agarwal, Samer Al-Khateeb, SBP BRiMS 2018, Serpil Tokdemir, social bots, social bots and natural disasters, social media, Tuja Khaund, U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, U.S. Office of Naval Research
Previous Post: Winners of the 2018 Student Research and Creative Works Showcase
Next Post: COSMOS joins program to fight the spread of foreign propaganda


text:
Everyday Health Lung & Respiratory Asthma
Is Asthma Hurting Your Sex Life?
Sex should be enjoyable, but it can trigger an asthma attack or allergic reaction in susceptible people. Find out how to cope if sex sometimes leaves you coughing or short of breath.
By Madeline R. Vann, MPH
Medically Reviewed by Pat F. Bass III, MD, MPH
Living Lungs Arrive, Breathing, Inside a Box
How to Help Someone Having an Asthma Attack
Sign Up for Our Asthma and Allergies Newsletter
Allergic to sex? If that sounds like an excuse to avoid intimacy, consider this: For a few unlucky people, sex-induced asthma attacks are a scary reality. And for a very small number of women with allergies, their partners' semen could be behind their allergic response or asthma symptoms. The good news is that all of these problems can be managed with the help of a medical professional.
"Any type of physical activity can precipitate asthma," explains allergist and immunologist Mark S. Dykewicz, MD, professor of pulmonary, critical care, allergy, and immunologic medicine at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center in Winston-Salem, N.C. "For some people, sex is the most vigorous physical activity that they experience."
In fact, sex is about as vigorous as walking quickly. And for some people, that level of activity is enough to trigger the shortness of breath, tight chest, wheezing, and cough that are classic symptoms of an asthma attack. This is called an "exercise-induced bronchospasm," and most people who experience this because of sex could also experience it as the result of other types of physical activity.
Dr. Dykewicz points out that if your asthma symptoms are truly due to sexual activity, they are more likely to occur five to eight minutes after sexual intercourse is over, rather than during sex. What's more, if you're experiencing asthma attack symptoms during or after sex, it's probably because your asthma is poorly controlled. Your best bet is to talk to your doctor about your treatment options, such as:
Inhaler. It's not sexy, granted, but taking a puff or two of a short-acting bronchodilator 15 to 20 minutes before intercourse could prevent the asthma symptoms you fear.
Daily medication. If you have asthma and need more control than simply during sex, talk to your doctor about your options for daily asthma medication.
If you are having asthma attacks because of sex and not at any other time, it's worth considering other causes besides sex-induced asthma. Possible factors include:
Heart problems. Early signs of heart disease can look like asthma. Don't write them off — get a doctor's evaluation.
Latex allergies. Modern condoms are made with latex, which contains fewer of the proteins that trigger latex allergies, but it is still possible for some people — primarily women, says Dykewicz — to have a local allergic reaction, and possibly even asthma symptoms, as a result. Other symptoms could include a drop in blood pressure, problems breathing, hives, or gastrointestinal discomfort. Switching to non-latex condoms is an option, but bear in mind that they don't provide the same level of protection from sexually transmitted diseases.
Trauma or anxiety. Stress can definitely trigger asthma attacks, and there are a number of reasons why you could feel a high level of stress around sex, including having sex for the first time or trying to overcome a history of trauma, such as rape. Working with your doctor or even a therapist could help you overcome asthma due to stress or anxiety.
Consider these options:
Biofeedback. "There is solid research showing that biofeedback training focusing on heart rate and breathing makes a difference with the asthma symptoms themselves," says Boston-based health psychologist Inna Khazan, PhD. "It's noninvasive, uses no medication, isn't time-consuming, and gives people some skills they can really use before they engage in sexual activity."
Mindfulness. One of the problems with asthma attacks and stress, says Khazan, is that the experience can become a vicious cycle. You have an asthma attack during or after sex once and then later, your fear of having another one almost becomes the trigger for asthma symptoms or can simply prevent your enjoyment of sex. "The most important thing is coming to accept that struggling with the thought of 'Oh no, what if I have an asthma attack?' is likely to make things worse," she says. Mindfulness training can prevent that cycle from perpetuating.
Therapy. If you have previous trauma such as rape or sexual abuse, you might need more intensive therapy to work through that trauma and rebuild your sexual life. "It is going to come up and it's not something that you can get a quick answer to," she says.
Seminal plasma allergen. "Women can become allergic to the protein in men's semen," says Dykewicz. Symptoms may be mild, such as vaginal inflammation or other irritation, but in some cases it can evolve into full-blown anaphylaxis. There is usually a bit of time delay between intercourse and the allergic reaction, however. This condition can be diagnosed with a skin test, and treatment involves a process of gradual desensitization to the man's semen.
Food or medication allergies. Another possibility, says Dykewicz, is that you have allergies that are being triggered by your partner's semen. So for example, a woman who is allergic to penicillin might have an allergic reaction or asthma symptoms because her partner is taking penicillin. The same can occur with food allergies. It's rare, he says, but can happen.
Vocal cord dysfunction. Anxiety and stress can cause the vocal cords to tighten and close. This causes a choking sensation rather than classic asthma symptoms, but still may occur along with asthma and can be confused with asthma by some people. This can be treated with stress management techniques and sometimes requires speech or respiratory therapists.
The bottom line: If sex leaves you coughing and wheezing — and it's not your partner taking your breath away — talk to your doctor. There are a number of reasons for that response, and they can all be addressed.
The Latest in Asthma
8 FAQs About Eosinophilic Asthma Treatment
There are new options available for this difficult-to-control type of asthma. Here's what you need to know.
8 Complications of Uncontrolled Asthma
The condition is treatable, but if your symptoms aren't under control it can lead to other health problems.
7 Things to Include in Your Eosinophilic Asthma Action Plan
This type of asthma is often severe, making it especially important to have an asthma action plan in place.
7 Essential Facts About Eosinophilic Asthma
If your asthma is difficult to control, it may be a sign of a more severe type, called eosinophilic asthma. Here's what you should know.
New Emission Plan Could Exacerbate Asthma and Lead to Premature Deaths
Lost school and work days expected if the Affordable Clean Energy plan is passed.
What Is Allergic Asthma?
Allergies are the number one trigger for asthma, affecting more than 60 percent of people with asthma in the United States. Here's what you need to kn...
7 Ways Your Doctor Can Help if Your Current Asthma Treatment Isn't Working
If you're struggling to control your asthma symptoms, talk to your allergist, pulmonologist, or other healthcare provider about adjusting your treatme...
Testing for Eosinophils: How to Know if You Have E-Asthma
A blood test, sputum test, and bronchial biopsy can be used to measure your level of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that can cause asthma. He...
New Study Shows Healthy Diet May Help Control Asthma
Eating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains linked to better disease management.
The Surprising Connection Between GERD and Asthma
Here's a look at how the two conditions can coexist, why one condition can aggravate symptoms of the other, and how to treat both to obtain greater re...
What Are the Symptoms of Eosinophilic Asthma?
Eosinophilic asthma may feel a lot like other types of asthma — but it can be persistent and hard to treat with common asthma medication. Here's what ...
5 Strategies to Help Prevent a Severe Asthma Attack When You Have Eosinophilic Asthma
This form of asthma is often more severe, which makes preventing asthma attacks especially important.
9 Surprising Reasons You Can't Get Your Asthma Under Control
There may be factors you haven't considered playing a role in your asthma symptoms and treatment.
What Is Eosinophilic Asthma?
A severe form of asthma, eosinophilic asthma involves the activation of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. Learn more about this condition, and ...
Asthma, Hay Fever May Raise Risk of Psychiatric Disorders
Depression and other mental health problems are more common among those with allergies, study finds.
What Type of Asthma Do I Have?
There are several types of asthma. Here's what you need to know.
8 Ways to Help Your Child Manage Asthma
If your child has been diagnosed with asthma, it can be important to schedule regular appointments with a doctor and know how to use an inhaler.
How to Make an Asthma Action Plan for Your Child
Follow these instructions to help your child manage their asthma symptoms and know what to do in case of an emergency.
Is It Asthma, Bronchitis, or Both?
Both conditions affect the lungs and bring on many of the same symptoms. But they require different treatment.


The living room for homeowners' worthiness is considered one of the most important rooms in your home. This room is often used to greet guests and spend time with family members. For this reason, the living room should not only be attractive but also comfortable. You are advised to decorate or decorate your living room to reflect your style and personality.


text:
Q: IOS OpenGL gpus_ReturnGuiltyForHardwareRestart Error I am having major issues a with a  libGPUSupportMercury.dylib gpus_ReturnGuiltyForHardwareRestart error.
Currently I am rendering a cube and a line. If I render just the cube or just the line the error arises about 20% of the time. If i render both i get the error about 90% of the time.
I have read online that this is a bug in ios and there is nothing that can be done. However, other OpenGL programs like unity do not have this issue. So I must be doing something wrong
The following is a simplified version of the code i am using.
-(void) setUp{
    m_context = [[[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI:kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES2] autorelease];
    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:m_context];

    glGenRenderbuffers(1, &m_renderbuffer);
    glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, m_renderbuffer);
    [m_context renderbufferStorage:GL_RENDERBUFFER fromDrawable:(CAEAGLLayer*)self.layer];

    glGenFramebuffers(1, &m_framebuffer);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, m_framebuffer);
    glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_RENDERBUFFER,    m_renderbuffer);
}

-(void) render{
    //[EAGLContext setCurrentContext:m_context];  Error seems to happen more frequent if I uncomment these lines
    // glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, m_framebuffer);

    glViewport(0, 0, self.bounds.size.width, self.bounds.size.height);

    glClearColor(0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 1);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    [self renderCube];  // VBO
    [self renderLine];  // NON VBO

    [m_context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER]; <---- Error Here
}

-(void) renderCube
{
     glUseProgram(m_cubeProgram);

     glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textureHandle);

     glUniformMatrix4fv(m_uniformHandles[UNIFORM_PROJECTION_MATRIX], 1, GL_FALSE, m_projectionMatrix.m);
     glUniformMatrix4fv(m_uniformHandles[UNIFORM_MODELVIEW_MATRIX], 1, GL_FALSE, m_modelMatrix.m);

     glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_cubeIndexVBO);

     glEnableVertexAttribArray(m_attributeHandles[ATTRIB_POSITION]);
     glEnableVertexAttribArray(m_attributeHandles[ATTRIB_TEXCOORD]);

     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_cubeVertexVBO);
     glVertexAttribPointer(m_attributeHandles[ATTRIB_POSITION], 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), 0);
     glVertexAttribPointer(m_attributeHandles[ATTRIB_TEXCOORD], 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*) (sizeof(float) * 3));

     glDrawElements( GL_TRIANGLES, m_numberOfIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, (void*)0              );

     glDisableVertexAttribArray(m_attributeHandles[ATTRIB_POSITION]);
     glDisableVertexAttribArray(m_attributeHandles[ATTRIB_TEXCOORD]);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);  // Desperate attempt to fix the issue
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);          // this too
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);           /// this too
}

-(void) renderLine
{
    glUseProgram(m_lineProgram);

    glUniformMatrix4fv(m_uniformHandles[UNIFORM_LINE_PROJECTION_MATRIX], 1, GL_FALSE, m_projectionMatrix.m);
    glUniformMatrix4fv(m_uniformHandles[UNIFORM_LINE_MODELVIEW_MATRIX], 1, GL_FALSE, m_modelView.m);

    glEnableVertexAttribArray(m_attributeHandles[ATTRIB_LINE_POSITION]);

    float linVertices[]= {...};

    glVertexAttribPointer(m_attributeHandles[ATTRIB_LINE_POSITION], 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 3, lineVertices);

    glLineWidth(3.0f);
    glDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP, 0, 3);

    glDisableVertexAttribArray(m_attributeHandles[ATTRIB_LINE_POSITION]);
}


text:
Remixing The Red Party
Brian McLellan 28 Jan 2013 19 Jan 2021 0 comments
Photos by Gad Elmaleh
Amir Johnson, wearing fashion specs and a checkered shirt, hefts up a green bowling ball, almost as big as the basketball he's used to. Surrounded by Raptors fans, he glides forward and sends it shooting down the lane. He almost gets a strike—almost, but there's one pin standing. It doesn't matter, people still cheer. This night's not about winning or losing; it's about community, and charity, and basketball—it's the Red Party Remix.
The Raptors mingle with fans under the roof of The Ballroom, a unique Toronto venue that combines a swanky sports bar with rock-a-bowl style bowling. Across the room, Terrence Ross leans over a pool table, checking out his options. The Dance Pak are laughing, watching the guests. The party is in full swing.
And for the first time in a while, it feels right for the Raptors to be guests of honour. Let's be honest, here: the Raptors have never been more exciting to watch than this season. The Raptors have been almost winning against much scarier teams for a while now, and it feels good. This Red Party Remix weekend felt like a proper celebration.
Each year, these events always have great gimmicks, and the bowling alley is an inspired one. The Ballroom is equipped with pool and ping pong tables as well, letting guests and fans match wits with their favourite players.
Individual tickets were $250, which netted you entrance into the exclusive event, gaining you access to a well-stocked open bar, excellent food, and a hefty tax receipt, with proceeds going to the Team Up Foundation, the charity organization that makes the Red Party go.
That's the real reason for the Red Party Remix, after all—despite the "Foot Locker Presents" hanging over the event, the Red Party is a charity function, first and foremost. The proceeds go towards the revamping of the Scarborough YMCA's basketball court, replacing the flooring, and putting in new backboards, rims and nets.
So we got to bowl with our favourite Toronto Bballers for a good cause, and we got to check out a lot of style on the floor. Let's be honest here—just because the Raptors need to work on their game doesn't mean they don't clean up well.
Ed Davis rocked a checkered button-up, and Amir Johnson did the same, sporting an untucked patterned shirt, sleeves rolled up, ready to bowl.
Even though Bargnani has a bit to work on, basketball-wise, he had one of the sharpest looks on the floor, rolling in with a sharp dark-grey jacket and white shirt, avoiding a tie.
Calderon almost matches him in a slightly boxy charcoal jacket and patterned shirt. By contrast, Aaron Gray decided to go the comfort route, in a v-neck Ralph Lauren sweater that's just a shade on this side of dumpy, but that's okay.
Sweaters were a kind of theme that night. Jonas Valanciunas showed up rocking a fitted v-neck sweater over a striped shirt, which would be fine, but his trousers were a shade of brown that, with the whole ensemble, kind of made him fade into the background a little.
John Lucas was styling and comfortable, having the look of the night in our opinion. Lucas rocked a spotted wool sweater over a white shirt, with gorgeous blue corded cuffs and collar. The pocket is the icing on the cake.
Luckily, we also have Landry Fields to class up the joint a little—check out his tie-and-waistcoat ensemble, which matches a charcoal vest with white shirt and red patterned tie. Add jeans for a touch of the casual, and you've got yourself a striking look.
What really ties the whole look together is the watch strap, a splash of colour that keeps the muted greys and blues from washing out.
Of course, Alvin Williams takes the prize for Most Stylish, showing up in a grey-and-blue plaid sports jacket, with matching blue shirt. Snazzy stuff.
Matt Devlin was, of course, wearing his usual bright red jacket with a crisp white shirt, and an intensely patterned tie. Devlin, as always, was full of enthusiasm, a big personality in a party full of them.
That's the thing about the Red Party—the event doesn't just celebrate the Raptors or raise money for a good cause, it also highlights why we keep pulling for the Raptors year after year—it showcases their accessibility and their likeability.
That's why the Red Party has such a good turnout, year after year. Search for Raptors on Twitter and you'll find hundreds of fans tweeting their support for the team, every day. The Red Party helps solidify the idea that, if the Raptors continue working to improve, they could one day become real contenders.
And, besides, it was one hell of a party.
See our Red Party Remix gallery for more pictures!
Top 10 NBA Moments of 2020
2020-21 NBA Season Preview
Recapping the Frenzy


What is it like working at UST Global Inc?
Pros: Flexible Timing, Medical Insurance which cover parents also with a little extra premium , Good and Experienced Senior Staffs , Good Team Work.
Cons: Work Stress is more , Below average Incentives , Poor HR policies , Dress Code , Below average pay scale for existing employees.


text:
The PA Ballet is offering a Ballet Bootcamp for adults
It's never too late to dance.
By JENNIFER LOGUE
Published : August 01, 2017 Updated : August 01, 2017
The School of the PA Ballet is offering a Ballet Bootcamp for adults, taught by Jessica Kilpatrick. | Marc Safron
Love going to the ballet but longing to put on your dancing shoes? Whether you've never danced a day in your life or haven't danced since your teens, taking a leap into the new Ballet Bootcamp at the School of the PA Ballet is sure to give you a greater appreciation for the art form as well as build self-esteem.
Head of Adult and Youth Programs, Jessica Kilpatrick, hails from New York, bringing the idea of expanding opportunities for adults to put on their dancing shoes to Philadelphia.
"I saw an enormous difference in people's lives when they started coming regularly to the ballet classes. They were taking the confidence they were building in class and bringing it into their relationships and their work life," she says. "There was a community of people gaining happiness and the adult program became very important to me."
From Aug. 3 through Aug. 6, three classes will be offered daily for beginner adult students: Ballet, Contemporary and Stretch & Strengthening.
"I encourage people to come to all three days, all three classes. It's extremely rewarding," Kilpatrick says. "Of course people can come and go as they please."
To attend all nine classes, the cost is only $140. For a day pass of three classes, the cost is $50.
When it comes on deciding what to wear for your first ballet class, Kilpatrick says not to stress over it too much.
"Wear what you're comfortable in. Ballet shoes are recommended but for the first class or two you can wear socks," she advises. "The important thing is to be able to move freely."
If you go:
Ballet Boot Camp
August 3 through August 6
The School of PA Ballet
323 N. Broad St.
paballet.org


Forex Trade: Is USD/JPY Ready to Come Back Down?
Is the Greenback losing steam against the yen or is it just retracing? Either way, this USD/JPY setup is sure making it easy on forex bears to attack!
As I've mentioned in my Q4 2014 forex trade review, I made most of my pips trading USD/JPY's uptrend. I'm still bullish on the Greenback in the long run, but this week I'm trading a short-term short bias.
On USD/JPY's 1-hour chart we can see that the pair is having trouble breaking above the 119.50 minor psychological area, which also lines up nicely with a 50% Fib retracement and a former support. Not only that, but the 100 SMA has just crossed below the 200 SMA!
Fundamentally, I'm banking on the yen's overall strength. Thanks to risk aversion in the European region and continued decline in oil prices, the low-yielding yen's oversold conditions are harder to overlook. It also doesn't hurt USD/JPY bears that Uncle Sam just printed a weaker-than-expected ISM non-manufacturing PMI report.
According to Pip Diddy, the "ISM services PMI numbers clocked in its slowest pace in six months with the employment component showing its slowest growth since July." Since some analysts believe that the ISM report is more correlated to the NFP report than today's ADP release, it makes sense that some dollar bulls are holding back before the NFP release.
I risked 0.5% of my account at 119.50 with my stop loss 150 pips away at 121.00. My initial profit target is at 118.00 for a 1:1 trade, but I'm willing to adjust depending on the strength of USD/JPY's moves.
I really want to be done with this trade (or at least secure a risk-free position) before the NFP release. This is why I'll be watching this pair closely for opportunities to move my stop loss closer to my entry. I'm also open to just closing the trade though, especially if the pair hasn't moved significantly by Friday.


Recaptured Charm: 2nd Blogiversary Giveaway !
That necklace is beautiful! What a generous giveaway!! Happy 2 year blogiversary!
I'm a happy follower of Recaptured Charm!
What a pretty necklace! love it!
Congratulations and Happy anniversary! 'Been a follower for a while now! I just love your style!
Happy 2nd Anniversary Lisa! Thank you for sharing your talent with all of us.
I love getting mail from you to see what wonderful project you've completed ,you are so clever ! You inspire me to get my motor working to get my projects done...thanks so much ! Keep on creating !
I am a follower of RC. Thanks for a great blog.
I am a Follower AND Subscriber -hows that!?! Ha, ha! Thanks for the Give-Away. Beautiful necklace. While I write this I am looking over at that DIY Teacup Lamp and getting distracted!
You choose such beautiful projects and they are so practical. Love following your blog and ideas.
Love reading about all your projects! You are an inspiration!
oh this is soo pretty would love this !!
I love this necklace...so here is my true "sad story'.. last November i was rear-ended while at a stop signal. I have been in pain since then. My life has been interupped. I am 63 and retired, however I work with Seniors with dementia doing crafts...I love these ladies and gentlemen...I respect them also. I love when their faces light up when we do a craft !!! The pain and physical therapy has disrupted my life. I truly need some luck....and I think a horseshoe is a good start..
My second saddness, is my son and my adult grandson forget Mother's day this year. I am hurt deeply.
Happy blog anniversary! What a pretty necklace! I'd love a little luck!
What a gorgeous necklace. Maybe you will pass on the goodluck to the winner of this piece.
I am officially a follower. Tgilmore2674@yahoo.com.
I'm a Facebook follower. Can you tell I REALLY like that necklace.
I would love to win this necklace, so beautiful!
I've been looking for a job for five months now, so this necklace could hopefully bring me the luck I need to find one!
Thanks for the generous giveaway, I love the necklace!
how beautiful. I would love this for my aunt.
My boyfriend wrote this country song and we've had many laughs with it.
Some reason it's not nearly as funny reading it as it is singing it. So use your best country voice.
I follow you as Nancy via GFC. Thanks for the giveaway!!
I just graduated college and could use a little luck in looking for a job!
We bought an old log cabin two years ago, and were gutting it all out and cleaning it up. While doing this we found these old horseshoes all over the place, so I figured that this would be so cool to win, and to compliment these crazy horseshoes I found.
I am a blog follower in GFC too!
ive always wanted one of those necklaces! thanks!
Beautiful necklace and Happy 2 years of blogging :) Great giveaway!
Sent a friend request to your Facebook under Berendina.D Now following you!
It would be great to have some good luck in my life and positive things happening.It be great to have some good luck in finding a job, figuring out what I really want to do and hoping some good luck moves its self towards a close family member of mine that has medical issues at this time. I want positive stuff happening!
Congrats on your milestone! thanks for the chance to win!
Congrats on your 2 years! That's a great accomplishment!
I just found your blog through the FJI post. OMG I love your makeovers. So many clever things and done with taste as well as budget in mind. I hope I win the necklace. Thanks!
Congrats on your blogiversary. :-) Please count me in our your beautiful necklace giveaway. I clicked on your Facebook icon, but it simply went to my own home page. Hmm.
I'll spare you my main sob story, because really, no one wants to hear it. I'd rather focus on the positive.
Happy Anniversary to blogging!! How fun! I simply loove this necklace!!
I've been a happy reader of your blog for a good long while and I always find it so charming! Thanks for the chance! I so hope to win!
Love the necklace. I just sent you an email explaining why I could use a little luck and with a link to my take on the croc wreath.
Fingers crossed. Salt tossed. Penny over my shoulder into the fountain. Star chosen. Wish made.
Would love that beauty around my neck!
I've followed you with Google Reader for quite a while. I'd love to be included in the drawing.