Are We Really Moving Towards An AI Arms Race?
Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak and 150 others, recently signed onto a letter calling for a ban on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to advanced weapons systems.
Hawking says the potential threat from artificial intelligence isn't just a far-off "Terminator"-style nightmare. He's already pointing to signs that AI is going down the wrong track.
"Governments seem to be engaged in an AI arms race, designing planes and weapons with intelligent technologies. The funding for projects directly beneficial to the human race, such as improved medical screening, seems a somewhat lower priority," Hawking said.
Does there really exist an AI arms race?
Artificially intelligent systems continue to develop rapidly. Self-driving cars are being developed to dominate our roads; smartphones are beginning to respond to our queries and manage our schedules in real-time; robots are becoming better at getting up when they fall over. It is obvious that these technologies will only benefit humans going forward. But then all dystopian sci-fi stories begin like that.
Having said that, there are two sides of the story. Assuming that Siri or Cortana would turn into murderous HAL from 2001: A Space Odyssey is an extreme but then supposing that AI being a threat to mankind is decades away and does not need intervention is also an extreme.
A recent survey of leading AI researchers by TechEmergence listed various concerns about the security dangers of AI in a much more realistic manner. The survey suggested that in a 20-year timeframe, financial systems will see a meltdown as algorithms begin to interact unexpectedly. It also outlined the potential for AI to help malicious actors optimise biotechnological weapons.
However, unlike previous autonomous weapons, such as landmines, which were indiscriminate in their targeting, smart AI weapons might limit the potential for deaths of soldiers and civilians alike.
However, when ground breaking weapons technology is no longer confined to a few large militaries, non-proliferation efforts become much more difficult.
The scariest aspect of the Cold War was the nuclear arms race. At its peak, the US and Russia held over 70,000 nuclear weapons and only a fraction of it, if used, could have killed every person on earth.
As the race to create increasingly powerful artificial intelligence accelerates, and as governments continue to test AI capabilities in weapons, many experts have started to worry that an equally terrifying AI arms race may already be under way.
For a matter of fact, at the end of 2015, the Pentagon requested $12-$15 billion for AI and autonomous weaponry for the 2017 budget, and the Deputy Defence Secretary at the time, Robert Work, admitted that he wanted "our competitors to wonder what's behind the black curtain." Work also said that the new technologies were "aimed at ensuring a continued military edge over China and Russia," as quoted by Elon Musk's Future of Life Foundation.
The defence industry is gradually shifting towards integrating AI into the robots they build for military applications. For instance, many militaries globally have deployed unmanned autonomous vehicles for reconnaissance (such as detecting anti-ship mines in littoral waters), monitoring coastal waters for adversaries (like pirate ships), and precision air strikes on evasive targets.
According to reports, the maker of the famous AK-47 rifle is building "a range of products based on neural networks," including a "fully automated combat module" that can identify and shoot at its targets. It's the latest illustration of how the U.S. and Russia differ as they develop artificial intelligence and robotics for warfare.
Besides, China is also eyeing the use of a high level of artificial intelligence and automation for its next generation of cruise missiles, reports have suggested.
It is not just the U.S., Russia and China that are developing its AI to be used in the defence, India too is not lagging behind.
CAIR has been working on a project to develop a Multi Agent Robotics Framework (MARF), which will equip India's armed forces with an array of robots. The AI-powered multi-layered architecture will be capable of providing a multitude of military applications and will enable collaboration amongst a team of various robots that the Indian Army has already built — Wheeled Robot with Passive Suspension, Snake Robot, Legged Robot, Wall-Climbing Robot, and Robot Sentry, among others.
However, the robotics race right now is causing a massive brain drain from militaries into the commercial world. The most talented minds are now being drawn towards the private sector. Google's AI budget would be the envy.
Sooner or later, it will become trivially easy for organized criminal gangs or terrorist groups to construct devices such as assassination drones. Indeed, it is likely that given time, any AI capability can be weaponized.
Non-proliferation challenges: Prominent scholars including Stuart Russell have issued a call for action to avoid "potential pitfalls" in the development of AI that has been backed by leading technologists including Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak and Bill Gates.
One high-profile pitfall could be "lethal autonomous weapons systems" (LAWS) or "killer robots".
The U.N. Human Rights Council has called for a moratorium on the further development of LAWS, while other activist groups and campaigns have advocated for a full ban, comparing it with chemical and biological weapons, which is unacceptable.
Control: Is it man vs. machine or man with machine? Can AI when fully developed, be controlled? The reassurance is too early to come from creators of AI but again, thinking it is too early to contemplate is ignorance.
Hacking: When developed, will AI systems not be vulnerable to hacking? While we cannot overlook the fact that the benefits of AI are much more than the potential risks involved, developers should work on systems that will reduce the risks involved.
Targeting: Should it be compulsory for humans to always make the final decision with AI in the picture? Are we really ready for a fully autonomous system? Standards could be established that specify the required certainty and the specific scenarios when an AI would be allowed to proceed without human intervention. It may also be that an AI equipped with only non-lethal weapons can achieve nearly all the benefits with sufficiently reduced risk.
Mistakes: In all probability, AI weapons will make mistakes. But humans most certainly will. A well designed and tested machine is almost always more reliable than humans. AI weapons systems can be held to strict standards for design and testing. Indeed, this should be a priority in the development of AI systems.
Liability: Assuming there will be mistakes, the AI itself will not be liable. So who is? If the autonomous vehicles industry is any indication, companies designing AI may be willing to accept liability but their motivations may not align perfectly with those of society as a whole.
Many AI applications have huge potential to make human life better and holding back its development is undesirable and possibly unworkable. Moreover, if you take a look at the research being carried out on AI, you will realise that all projects are in their infancy and restricting their development is almost not required.
But it also does speak the need for a more connected and coordinated multi-stakeholder effort to create norms, protocols, and mechanisms for the oversight and governance of AI.
There is bare minimum support from global governments to fully ban the creation of killer robots. The simple reason being, there is still a long time before LAWS could be a reality. Take for example this, it would be impractical to prevent a terrorist group like ISIS from developing killer robots unless states can be assured of understanding the technology themselves first.
The core idea behind regulation is to maximise benefits while simultaneously minimising risks involved.
Above all, there is a need to recognise that humanity stands at a point, with innovations in AI outpacing evolution in norms, protocols and governance mechanisms. Regulation just has to make sure the outlandish, dystopian futures remain firmly in the realm of fiction.
Also Read What Is The Best Way To Create Training Data For Machine Learning?


Digiarty software, the makers of some of the popular media converting and ripping software like WinX DVD ripper Platinum and WinX HD Video Converter Deluxe have announced a giveaway for this festive season, where in you will get an iPhone software pack worth $90 for absolutely free!
The WinX iPhone pack consists of 3 popular software – WinX DVD to iPhone Ripper, WinX iPhone Video Converter and WinX iPhone Ringtone Maker. The giveaway has started now and it ends on December 31st 2010.
Note that I haven't personally tried any of these 3 software, but the general reviews have been very good.
WinX DVD to iPhone Ripper: Convert all DVDs, such as CSS, region code guided DVD to Apple devices, like iPhone (iPhone 3GS, iPhone 4), iPod, iPad.
WinX iPhone Video Converter: Convert HD video and regular video to iPhone (iPhone 3G, iPhone 3GS, iPhone 4), iPod, iPad, Apple TV.
WinX iPhone Ringtone Maker: Convert audio to iPhone ringtone file, made your own iPhone (iPhone, iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, iPhone 3G) ringtone.
You can download the free iPhone software pack here and then use the below codes to register the individual applications.
Note that, you won't get any free updates or free support for these iPhone based applications from Digiarty.


text:
Marcel Zaes – Pulsations [Bitumen]
Sunday, February 11, 2018 — 12:00 AM
With Pulsations [Bitumen], the Swiss composer-performer Marcel Zaes sets out to redefine the conventional concert performance. He presents a transcontinental music project which is an intriguing fusion of electronic and classical sound.
Pulsations [Bitumen] presents the least featured of all string instruments, the viola, with exceptional players, and extends the violas' sound with generative digital technologies towards a contemporary live-sampling esthetics. Pulsations [Bitumen] is the result of Zaes' typical compositional practice, which weaves the violas with pure sine waves and mathematical grids to generate abstract pulsations to create groovy, minimalist soundscapes.
For this work, Zaes introduces a novel graphic notation system that is imperfect and solely capable of displaying a specific kind of rhythmic pattern, to present an account of a recent generation of music makers. It is a generation largely driven by digital technologies, guiding the emergence of music making that relies on software skills rather than on mastery of a musical instrument or traditional music theory. According to Zaes, this generation is particularly influenced by the visual appearance of music software and apps; it is a generation familiar with cubes, clips, and blocks arranged on a visual grid rather than with note heads on staves. Correlating with this grid-based music practice is a shift of priorities. Parameters, such as the pitch of a single note, become more arbitrary, controlled by some kind of sequencer, pattern, loop, or live, as entirely randomized elements. Authority is withdrawn.
The novel notation system developed for Pulsations [Bitumen] accounts precisely for such a 'digital thinking.' The title, 'BITUMEN,' means asphalt; it emphasizes the interaction between the digital algorithm and the violists: machine-like regularity meets with natural irregularities to form a techno-organic surface.
Ashley Frith (US)
Ashley is a violist, currently focusing on chamber music at Community MusicWorks in Providence. She studied with Lila Brown at The Boston Conservatory.
Zsolt Sőrés (HU)
Zsolt Sörés is a conceptual thinker, an experimental violist dedicated to electronics, improvisation, drone music and extended playing techniques. He also is a lecturer at the Franz Liszt Music Academy Budapest, and a film curator at the Ludwig Museum in Budapest.
Marcel Zaes (CH)
Marcel Zaes has created, over 11 years, nationally and internationally showcased concert works, installations, interdisciplinary pieces and concept works. His artistic interest lies in the perception of space and time. For this purpose, he takes the elemental sine wave, with its rough sound quality, as the object of his artistic inquiry. The sine wave assumes novel shapes, complemented by sounds from traditional instruments.
Special thanks to Brian House for developing BRAID.live. Additional support comes from SwissNex, Swiss Arts Council / Pro Helvetia, and the UBS Culture Foundation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
title: Bay Motel and Apartment

listing-type: accommodation
island: south
region: southland
destination: Stewart Island

order: a
image-path: bay-motel.jpg
image-alt: Bay Motel and Apartment
refer-url: http://www.baymotel.co.nz/
---
Offers studio,  1 or 2 bedroom units one spacious three-bedroom apartment. Boasts great views over Halfmoon Bay and frequent visits by the Kaka bird.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
// boost/math/distributions/arcsine.hpp

// Copyright John Maddock 2014.
// Copyright Paul A. Bristow 2014.

// Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
// Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt
// or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/arcsine_distribution

// The arcsine Distribution is a continuous probability distribution.
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcsine_distribution
// http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=ArcSinDistribution

// Standard arcsine distribution is a special case of beta distribution with both a & b = one half,
// and 0 <= x <= 1.

// It is generalized to include any bounded support a <= x <= b from 0 <= x <= 1
// by Wolfram and Wikipedia,
// but using location and scale parameters by
// Virtual Laboratories in Probability and Statistics http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/index.html
// http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/special/Arcsine.html
// The end-point version is simpler and more obvious, so we implement that.
// TODO Perhaps provide location and scale functions?

#ifndef BOOST_MATH_DIST_ARCSINE_HPP
#define BOOST_MATH_DIST_ARCSINE_HPP

#include <boost/math/distributions/fwd.hpp>
#include <boost/math/distributions/complement.hpp> // complements.
#include <boost/math/distributions/detail/common_error_handling.hpp> // error checks.
#include <boost/math/constants/constants.hpp>

#include <boost/math/special_functions/fpclassify.hpp> // isnan.

#if defined (BOOST_MSVC)
#  pragma warning(push)
#  pragma warning(disable: 4702) // Unreachable code,
// in domain_error_imp in error_handling.
#endif

#include <utility>
#include <exception>  // For std::domain_error.

namespace boost
{
  namespace math
  {
    namespace arcsine_detail
    {
      // Common error checking routines for arcsine distribution functions:
      // Duplicating for x_min and x_max provides specific error messages.
      template <class RealType, class Policy>
      inline bool check_x_min(const char* function, const RealType& x, RealType* result, const Policy& pol)
      {
        if (!(boost::math::isfinite)(x))
        {
          *result = policies::raise_domain_error<RealType>(
            function,
            "x_min argument is %1%, but must be finite !", x, pol);
          return false;
        }
        return true;
      } // bool check_x_min

      template <class RealType, class Policy>
      inline bool check_x_max(const char* function, const RealType& x, RealType* result, const Policy& pol)
      {
        if (!(boost::math::isfinite)(x))
        {
          *result = policies::raise_domain_error<RealType>(
            function,
            "x_max argument is %1%, but must be finite !", x, pol);
          return false;
        }
        return true;
      } // bool check_x_max

      template <class RealType, class Policy>
      inline bool check_x_minmax(const char* function, const RealType& x_min, const RealType& x_max, RealType* result, const Policy& pol)
      { // Check x_min < x_max
        if (x_min >= x_max)
        {
          std::string msg = "x_max argument is %1%, but must be > x_min = " + lexical_cast<std::string>(x_min) + "!";
          *result = policies::raise_domain_error<RealType>(
            function,
            msg.c_str(), x_max, pol);
           // "x_max argument is %1%, but must be > x_min !", x_max, pol);
            //  "x_max argument is %1%, but must be > x_min %2!", x_max, x_min, pol); would be better.
          // But would require replication of all helpers functions in /policies/error_handling.hpp for two values,
          // as well as two value versions of raise_error, raise_domain_error and do_format ...
          // so use slightly hacky lexical_cast to string instead.
          return false;
        }
        return true;
      } // bool check_x_minmax

      template <class RealType, class Policy>
      inline bool check_prob(const char* function, const RealType& p, RealType* result, const Policy& pol)
      {
        if ((p < 0) || (p > 1) || !(boost::math::isfinite)(p))
        {
          *result = policies::raise_domain_error<RealType>(
            function,
            "Probability argument is %1%, but must be >= 0 and <= 1 !", p, pol);
          return false;
        }
        return true;
      } // bool check_prob

      template <class RealType, class Policy>
      inline bool check_x(const char* function, const RealType& x_min, const RealType& x_max, const RealType& x, RealType* result, const Policy& pol)
      { // Check x finite and x_min < x < x_max.
        if (!(boost::math::isfinite)(x))
        {
          *result = policies::raise_domain_error<RealType>(
            function,
            "x argument is %1%, but must be finite !", x, pol);
          return false;
        }
        if ((x < x_min) || (x > x_max))
        {
          // std::cout << x_min << ' ' << x << x_max << std::endl;
          *result = policies::raise_domain_error<RealType>(
            function,
            "x argument is %1%, but must be x_min < x < x_max !", x, pol);
          // For example:
          // Error in function boost::math::pdf(arcsine_distribution<double> const&, double) : x argument is -1.01, but must be x_min < x < x_max !
          // TODO Perhaps show values of x_min and x_max?
          return false;
        }
        return true;
      } // bool check_x

      template <class RealType, class Policy>
      inline bool check_dist(const char* function, const RealType& x_min, const RealType& x_max, RealType* result, const Policy& pol)
      { // Check both x_min and x_max finite, and x_min  < x_max.
        return check_x_min(function, x_min, result, pol)
            && check_x_max(function, x_max, result, pol)
            && check_x_minmax(function, x_min, x_max, result, pol);
      } // bool check_dist

      template <class RealType, class Policy>
      inline bool check_dist_and_x(const char* function, const RealType& x_min, const RealType& x_max, RealType x, RealType* result, const Policy& pol)
      {
        return check_dist(function, x_min, x_max, result, pol)
          && arcsine_detail::check_x(function, x_min, x_max, x, result, pol);
      } // bool check_dist_and_x

      template <class RealType, class Policy>
      inline bool check_dist_and_prob(const char* function, const RealType& x_min, const RealType& x_max, RealType p, RealType* result, const Policy& pol)
      {
        return check_dist(function, x_min, x_max, result, pol)
          && check_prob(function, p, result, pol);
      } // bool check_dist_and_prob

    } // namespace arcsine_detail

    template <class RealType = double, class Policy = policies::policy<> >
    class arcsine_distribution
    {
    public:
      typedef RealType value_type;
      typedef Policy policy_type;

      arcsine_distribution(RealType x_min = 0, RealType x_max = 1) : m_x_min(x_min), m_x_max(x_max)
      { // Default beta (alpha = beta = 0.5) is standard arcsine with x_min = 0, x_max = 1.
        // Generalized to allow x_min and x_max to be specified.
        RealType result;
        arcsine_detail::check_dist(
          "boost::math::arcsine_distribution<%1%>::arcsine_distribution",
          m_x_min,
          m_x_max,
          &result, Policy());
      } // arcsine_distribution constructor.
      // Accessor functions:
      RealType x_min() const
      {
        return m_x_min;
      }
      RealType x_max() const
      {
        return m_x_max;
      }

    private:
      RealType m_x_min; // Two x min and x max parameters of the arcsine distribution.
      RealType m_x_max;
    }; // template <class RealType, class Policy> class arcsine_distribution

    // Convenient typedef to construct double version.
    typedef arcsine_distribution<double> arcsine;

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline const std::pair<RealType, RealType> range(const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>&  dist)
    { // Range of permissible values for random variable x.
      using boost::math::tools::max_value;
      return std::pair<RealType, RealType>(static_cast<RealType>(dist.x_min()), static_cast<RealType>(dist.x_max()));
    }

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline const std::pair<RealType, RealType> support(const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>&  dist)
    { // Range of supported values for random variable x.
      // This is range where cdf rises from 0 to 1, and outside it, the pdf is zero.
      return std::pair<RealType, RealType>(static_cast<RealType>(dist.x_min()), static_cast<RealType>(dist.x_max()));
    }

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline RealType mean(const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
    { // Mean of arcsine distribution .
      RealType result;
      RealType x_min = dist.x_min();
      RealType x_max = dist.x_max();

      if (false == arcsine_detail::check_dist(
        "boost::math::mean(arcsine_distribution<%1%> const&, %1% )",
        x_min,
        x_max,
        &result, Policy())
        )
      {
        return result;
      }
      return  (x_min + x_max) / 2;
    } // mean

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline RealType variance(const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
    { // Variance of standard arcsine distribution = (1-0)/8 = 0.125.
      RealType result;
      RealType x_min = dist.x_min();
      RealType x_max = dist.x_max();
      if (false == arcsine_detail::check_dist(
        "boost::math::variance(arcsine_distribution<%1%> const&, %1% )",
        x_min,
        x_max,
        &result, Policy())
        )
      {
        return result;
      }
      return  (x_max - x_min) * (x_max - x_min) / 8;
    } // variance

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline RealType mode(const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>& /* dist */)
    { //There are always [*two] values for the mode, at ['x_min] and at ['x_max], default 0 and 1,
      // so instead we raise the exception domain_error.
      return policies::raise_domain_error<RealType>(
        "boost::math::mode(arcsine_distribution<%1%>&)",
        "The arcsine distribution has two modes at x_min and x_max: "
        "so the return value is %1%.",
        std::numeric_limits<RealType>::quiet_NaN(), Policy());
    } // mode

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline RealType median(const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
    { // Median of arcsine distribution (a + b) / 2 == mean.
      RealType x_min = dist.x_min();
      RealType x_max = dist.x_max();
      RealType result;
      if (false == arcsine_detail::check_dist(
        "boost::math::median(arcsine_distribution<%1%> const&, %1% )",
        x_min,
        x_max,
        &result, Policy())
        )
      {
        return result;
      }
      return  (x_min + x_max) / 2;
    }

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline RealType skewness(const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
    {
      RealType result;
      RealType x_min = dist.x_min();
      RealType x_max = dist.x_max();

      if (false == arcsine_detail::check_dist(
        "boost::math::skewness(arcsine_distribution<%1%> const&, %1% )",
        x_min,
        x_max,
        &result, Policy())
        )
      {
        return result;
      }
      return 0;
    } // skewness

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline RealType kurtosis_excess(const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
    {
      RealType result;
      RealType x_min = dist.x_min();
      RealType x_max = dist.x_max();

      if (false == arcsine_detail::check_dist(
        "boost::math::kurtosis_excess(arcsine_distribution<%1%> const&, %1% )",
        x_min,
        x_max,
        &result, Policy())
        )
      {
        return result;
      }
      result = -3;
      return  result / 2;
    } // kurtosis_excess

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline RealType kurtosis(const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
    {
      RealType result;
      RealType x_min = dist.x_min();
      RealType x_max = dist.x_max();

      if (false == arcsine_detail::check_dist(
        "boost::math::kurtosis(arcsine_distribution<%1%> const&, %1% )",
        x_min,
        x_max,
        &result, Policy())
        )
      {
        return result;
      }

      return 3 + kurtosis_excess(dist);
    } // kurtosis

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline RealType pdf(const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist, const RealType& xx)
    { // Probability Density/Mass Function arcsine.
      BOOST_FPU_EXCEPTION_GUARD
      BOOST_MATH_STD_USING // For ADL of std functions.

      static const char* function = "boost::math::pdf(arcsine_distribution<%1%> const&, %1%)";

      RealType lo = dist.x_min();
      RealType hi = dist.x_max();
      RealType x = xx;

      // Argument checks:
      RealType result = 0;
      if (false == arcsine_detail::check_dist_and_x(
        function,
        lo, hi, x,
        &result, Policy()))
      {
        return result;
      }
      using boost::math::constants::pi;
      result = static_cast<RealType>(1) / (pi<RealType>() * sqrt((x - lo) * (hi - x)));
      return result;
    } // pdf

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline RealType cdf(const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist, const RealType& x)
    { // Cumulative Distribution Function arcsine.
      BOOST_MATH_STD_USING // For ADL of std functions.

      static const char* function = "boost::math::cdf(arcsine_distribution<%1%> const&, %1%)";

      RealType x_min = dist.x_min();
      RealType x_max = dist.x_max();

      // Argument checks:
      RealType result = 0;
      if (false == arcsine_detail::check_dist_and_x(
        function,
        x_min, x_max, x,
        &result, Policy()))
      {
        return result;
      }
      // Special cases:
      if (x == x_min)
      {
        return 0;
      }
      else if (x == x_max)
      {
        return 1;
      }
      using boost::math::constants::pi;
      result = static_cast<RealType>(2) * asin(sqrt((x - x_min) / (x_max - x_min))) / pi<RealType>();
      return result;
    } // arcsine cdf

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline RealType cdf(const complemented2_type<arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>, RealType>& c)
    { // Complemented Cumulative Distribution Function arcsine.
      BOOST_MATH_STD_USING // For ADL of std functions.
      static const char* function = "boost::math::cdf(arcsine_distribution<%1%> const&, %1%)";

      RealType x = c.param;
      arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy> const& dist = c.dist;
      RealType x_min = dist.x_min();
      RealType x_max = dist.x_max();

      // Argument checks:
      RealType result = 0;
      if (false == arcsine_detail::check_dist_and_x(
        function,
        x_min, x_max, x,
        &result, Policy()))
      {
        return result;
      }
      if (x == x_min)
      {
        return 0;
      }
      else if (x == x_max)
      {
        return 1;
      }
      using boost::math::constants::pi;
      // Naive version x = 1 - x;
      // result = static_cast<RealType>(2) * asin(sqrt((x - x_min) / (x_max - x_min))) / pi<RealType>();
      // is less accurate, so use acos instead of asin for complement.
      result = static_cast<RealType>(2) * acos(sqrt((x - x_min) / (x_max - x_min))) / pi<RealType>();
      return result;
    } // arcine ccdf

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline RealType quantile(const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist, const RealType& p)
    {
      // Quantile or Percent Point arcsine function or
      // Inverse Cumulative probability distribution function CDF.
      // Return x (0 <= x <= 1),
      // for a given probability p (0 <= p <= 1).
      // These functions take a probability as an argument
      // and return a value such that the probability that a random variable x
      // will be less than or equal to that value
      // is whatever probability you supplied as an argument.
      BOOST_MATH_STD_USING // For ADL of std functions.

      using boost::math::constants::half_pi;

      static const char* function = "boost::math::quantile(arcsine_distribution<%1%> const&, %1%)";

      RealType result = 0; // of argument checks:
      RealType x_min = dist.x_min();
      RealType x_max = dist.x_max();
      if (false == arcsine_detail::check_dist_and_prob(
        function,
        x_min, x_max, p,
        &result, Policy()))
      {
        return result;
      }
      // Special cases:
      if (p == 0)
      {
        return 0;
      }
      if (p == 1)
      {
        return 1;
      }

      RealType sin2hpip = sin(half_pi<RealType>() * p);
      RealType sin2hpip2 = sin2hpip * sin2hpip;
      result = -x_min * sin2hpip2 + x_min + x_max * sin2hpip2;

      return result;
    } // quantile

    template <class RealType, class Policy>
    inline RealType quantile(const complemented2_type<arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>, RealType>& c)
    {
      // Complement Quantile or Percent Point arcsine function.
      // Return the number of expected x for a given
      // complement of the probability q.
      BOOST_MATH_STD_USING // For ADL of std functions.

      using boost::math::constants::half_pi;
      static const char* function = "boost::math::quantile(arcsine_distribution<%1%> const&, %1%)";

      // Error checks:
      RealType q = c.param;
      const arcsine_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist = c.dist;
      RealType result = 0;
      RealType x_min = dist.x_min();
      RealType x_max = dist.x_max();
      if (false == arcsine_detail::check_dist_and_prob(
        function,
        x_min,
        x_max,
        q,
        &result, Policy()))
      {
        return result;
      }
      // Special cases:
      if (q == 1)
      {
        return 0;
      }
      if (q == 0)
      {
        return 1;
      }
      // Naive RealType p = 1 - q; result = sin(half_pi<RealType>() * p); loses accuracy, so use a cos alternative instead.
      //result = cos(half_pi<RealType>() * q); // for arcsine(0,1)
      //result = result * result;
      // For generalized arcsine:
      RealType cos2hpip = cos(half_pi<RealType>() * q);
      RealType cos2hpip2 = cos2hpip * cos2hpip;
      result = -x_min * cos2hpip2 + x_min + x_max * cos2hpip2;

      return result;
    } // Quantile Complement

  } // namespace math
} // namespace boost

// This include must be at the end, *after* the accessors
// for this distribution have been defined, in order to
// keep compilers that support two-phase lookup happy.
#include <boost/math/distributions/detail/derived_accessors.hpp>

#if defined (BOOST_MSVC)
# pragma warning(pop)
#endif

#endif // BOOST_MATH_DIST_ARCSINE_HPP


King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia has warned that extremists could attack Europe and the US if there is not a strong international response to terrorism after the Islamic State (ISIS) seized a wide territory across Iraq and Syria.
While not mentioning any terrorist groups by name, King Abdullah's statement appeared aimed at drawing Washington and NATO forces into a wider fight against ISIS and its supporters in the region. Saudi Arabia openly backs rebels fighting Syrian President Bashar Assad, but is concerned that the breakaway al-Qaeda group could also turn those very same weapons on the kingdom.
"I am certain that after a month they will reach Europe and, after another month, America," King Abdullah said at a reception for foreign ambassadors on August 29.
"These terrorists do not know the name of humanity and you have witnessed them severing heads and giving them to children to walk with in the street," the king said, urging the ambassadors to relay his message directly to their heads of state.
ISIS has been fighting moderate rebels, other extremists and Assad's forces in Syria for nearly three years. Iraq has faced an onslaught by the Sunni extremists and their supporters since early this year, and the country continues to be roiled by instability.
While providing arms and support to Sunni militants in Syria, Saudi Arabia has denied directly funding or backing the Islamic State group.
British officials raised the country's terror threat level on August 29 to "severe," its second-highest level, because of developments in Iraq and Syria.
The White House has said it does not expect the US to bump up its terrorism threat warning level.
Saudi Arabia, a major US ally in the region, has taken an increasingly active role in criticizing the ISIS group. Earlier this month, the country's top cleric described the Islamic State group and al-Qaeda as Islam's No. 1 enemy and said that Muslims have been their first victims. State-backed Saudi clerics who once openly called on citizens to fight in Syria can now face steep punishment and the kingdom has threatened to imprison its citizens who fight in Syria and Iraq.
A decade ago, al-Qaeda militants launched a string of attacks in Saudi Arabia aimed at toppling the monarchy. Saudi officials responded with a massive crackdown that saw many flee to neighboring Yemen. In the time since, the kingdom has not seen any massive attacks, though it has imprisoned suspected militants and sentenced others to death.


text:
2021 Summer Engineering Internship
Remote /
Loom Team – Engineering /
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Founded in 2015, Loom has raised $73 million from top-tier investors including Sequoia Capital, Kleiner Perkins, Coatue, the Slack Fund, and the founders of Instagram, Figma, and Front.
Loom is excited to be offering engineering internships for Summer 2021 for candidates who are pursuing a Bachelor's degree program in Computer Science or a related field with an anticipated graduation date on or after December 2021. Our first intern class will work closely with our engineering team to help build the next iteration of our creation and collaboration tools for Loom. As a company, we are looking to accelerate information flow between every member of the global workforce. Be it making Loom's video creation tools faster or more delightful, working with our infrastructure team to make our services more performant and reliable, or surfacing the right content in a shared team library to the right audience, you will be working on well-scoped projects that help us learn how to expand the base of how Loom functions as a workplace communication tool.
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Over the course of 3 months, you will be paired with a Software Engineer at Loom and be given a fully scoped project to build a new feature for Loom. The goal is that this feature will be a full functioning engineering artifact by the time you complete your internship that may be launched to production.
You will be responsible for building a beautiful, snappy, and native-feeling UI experience in a key area of our product to assist video creation and collaboration or you will help enhance the tooling that our teams use to deliver great products to market.
You will build a feature end-to-end: through conception, exploration, iteration, maintenance, and polish, in partnership with your engineering host.
You will collaborate and be supported by Product, Design, and Infrastructure to build features in support of the feature development.
Experience coding in JavaScript.
Curiosity and willingness to learn.
Pursuing a technical degree in Computer Science or related field or training experience with a focus on subjects in software development.
Passion for productivity tools and supporting power users.
Great design intuition and user empathy.
Passion for UI fluidity and performance.
Perks at Loom:
* Mental health and wellness reimbursement
* Gym reimbursement
* New Macbook
* Internet reimbursement
* Remote work opportunities
Loom = Equal Opportunity Employer:
We are actively seeking to create a diverse work environment because teams are stronger with different perspectives and experiences.
We value a diverse workplace and encourage women, people of color, LGBTQIA individuals, people with disabilities, members of ethnic minorities, foreign-born residents, older members of society, and others from minority groups and diverse backgrounds to apply. We do not discriminate on the basis of race, gender, religion, color, national origin, sexual orientation, age, marital status, veteran status, or disability status. All employees and contractors of Loom are responsible for maintaining a work culture free from discrimination and harassment by treating others with kindness and respect.
Loom Home Page


If there's one thing that I want to thank God with as of this very moment, it is Him giving me all the opportunities to become a teacher. I am hesitant at first to live this profession simply because I do not have that so called "self-confidence" but good thing I am surrounded with people who encourages me to pursue my teaching career.
Without knowing it, I am already in the world of academe for more than a decade! Those years of experiences molded me to become what I am right now-more mature and a little bit more confident.
I learned a lot of lessons as a teacher. I learn the value of perseverance, patience and a little more patience. My students have different stories of their lives to tell. There are those who seems to be deprived with the best in life and there are those who are in abundance. I just love the feeling of having an extended family in school. I love the feeling of being look up to by my students. I love the feeling of being trusted and loved by them. Though sometimes, I have the tendency to carry on their "emotional baggage" at home, I have the tendency as well to broke down in front of my students, but that was me, and they love and accept me for what I am. I am just being honest with my feelings because they taught me so. I also made it a point not to judge them. I do believe that every student has a potential that is just waiting to be discovered. I tried to push them to their limit until they have shown to me the things that they are capable of doing. Indeed, being a teacher is not just a walk in the park, as others were saying; it is a lifelong journey and discovery about life. Teaching is a vocation and not just another profession.
As the old adage goes, teaching is the noblest profession.
I am proud to be one!


A coral duck cloth case that's perfect for protecting a rosary in a purse or handbag. Each case is handmade and machine embroidered with an image of Saint Veronica in a pale pink polyester thread.
The case measures 4" wide by 3.5" high. The case has been lined with floral coral, teal and metallic cotton. The case closes with a pearl snap. This listing is for one case.


There are certain parts of the world in which I will never be able to blend in as a local. India is one of those places. I am too tall. I am too fair. And, perhaps most importantly, I am blonde. These characteristics make me conspicuous on the Indian streets. And, unfortunately, being conspicuous makes me an easy mark for the touts, rickshaw wallahs, and aggressive panhandlers (who our local friends warn are likely coordinated by the mafia).
There are a few bright spots to my new notoriety. In addition to the hucksters, I also attract the attention of curious Indians, especially children. Lots of kids come up to us to say hello and ask questions. It is a great way to meet people, as chatting with children often opens up conversations with their parents and families. It is a great way to meet people, and to learn about India from the people who know it best. It can also be useful in navigating unfamiliar waters. When Damien and I were separated to go through the chaotic security at the Indian-Pakistani border, I was adopted by a family of Indian women, who chatted with me and protectively guided me the fray.
In addition to wanting to talk, lots of Indians want pictures with us, or just of us. Our first experience with this phenomenon was at the Red Fort in New Delhi. A young man approached us with his cell phone out and asked about taking our picture. Confused, we demurred. In our recent experiences in Africa and the Middle East, a request for a picture either meant that the requester wanted money to take a photo for us or appear in a photo with us. After watching the young man move around the complex with his friends, it became clear he was not hustling for money; he was just hanging out. A friend later suggested that he wanted a picture of us because of our novelty—a fair, blonde woman and a dark skinned man. Since then, we have been asked to pose for numerous photos, and seen a number of people snapping pictures surreptitiously. It still seems strange to me, and I don't think I will get used to it any time soon. In the meantime, I will just keep smiling.


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My world has changed. Most of my outdoor life has been with a gun, bow or fishing pole in my hand. I can remember being allowed to go pheasant hunting, alone, before I was 10. Hunting has always been a part of my life.
I always knew there was another side in the Hunter+Gatherer equation, a side I was missing. But I had never taken the time to learn how to properly forage. Sure I would pick blackberries. I definitely scoured burns for some morel mushrooms in the spring. But actually foraging, taking the time to view the plants under my feet, has never been on the top of my list.
But I like to learn, to stretch myself, and gain more skills as the years pass on. I find ways to learn things either form books, the internet or (preferably) from people. My new skill, my focus for years to come, is foraging.
Luckily I have found a trifecta mentor in Hank Shaw. His first book Hunter, Gather, Cook is a primer for all things wild. From his book I learned about sea peas, and those ornamental plums that are in my suburban neighborhood. Hank has his James Beard Award winning website as well www.honest-food.net, frequently I gather information on various "how to" gathering and cooking projects. But I have also had the pleasure of getting to forage with Hank.
Recently Hank and I stopped on a seemingly inconspicuous beach in Northern California. Immediately Hank was pointing out wild edibles. The curly dock, the sorrel, cow parsnip, the California bay, the New Zeeland Spinach were all new plants to me. Sure, I had seen many of them before but I did not know their names and would have never eaten them.
As Hank showed me each plant I would pick a section and taste it. Some tasted good; others made me want to gag. This prompted Hank to tell me "Foraging with chefs is like foraging with babies, all you chefs want to do is stick things in your mouth." Valuable lesson, just because things are edible, they do not always taste good unprocessed.
We left the beach and proceeded into the hills of Northern California. We scoured the duff for mushrooms before hitting the mother lode, about 10 pounds of March "fall" porcinis. Unreal sized mushrooms with unforgettable flavor. Hank was flushing with glee. I struggled to share the same level of enthusiasm about mushrooms. It was only later that I realized just how special what we had just found was. It was like catching a steelhead on the first cast, it just never happens and when it does you count your blessings and go.
Upon returning to Idaho I began to see the newly sprouting greens around me differently. No longer was I just admiring the green coming back, I was admiring the variety of food all around me. I spotted wild mint growing on the hill next to my work. I gathered curly dock and dandelions from a park along the Boise River. I picked a patch of nettles by the canal near my house. I found salsify on the ignored side of my backyard fence. Lambs quarter in the rose beds, beggar's purse in the garden.
Later that spring I furthered my skills with Darcy Williamson, from Mavens Haven in McCall Idaho. We teamed up for a foraging and cooking weekend. The deal was I would cook for the group, providing wild game meat from my larder, and we would all gather dinner together.
With Darcy I learned a TON about foraged food in my native Idaho. Plants that I have ignored for years – the flowers with edible bulbs, the wild garlic, the miners lettuce, the fiddlehead ferns and many others – became part of the menu. A menu we cooked on a ridgeline overlooking the Salmon and Snake Rivers.
With Darcy I hiked the elk woods near Riggins with my head looking down for morels, not up for game. It was an odd feeling, my focus so shifted. I was no longer looking out for the "big" score like an elk or a deer, but I was looking for multiple little scores. Each mushroom gave me a temporary moment of happiness, not as large as an elk or a deer but still a very real bump. I felt revitalized with each mushroom I found, every bulb I dug was a present from Mother Earth.
As amazing as foraging was I still found myself looking for game. Turkey season was still open when I went foraging with Darcy, but I purposefully left my gun at home. I had a sinking feeling just bringing access to the ability to hunt would distract me from my true mission – learning edible plants. But anytime I leave my gun behind game presents itself. So, of course, we saw a gobbler not 30 feet off the road while foraging. I smiled, knowing that if I would have brought my gun we could have had turkey for dinner. Instead, I found dinner growing out of the side of a spring, under a fallen pine and buried deep below a flowering bulb. I know what I foraged tasted just as good as any wild turkey.


It's impossible to hear all the music that comes out everyday, but with this list we hope to direct your attention to generally overlooked albums our writers and editors have been returning to over the last few months. None of these releases were named Best New Music and, in some cases, they weren't reviewed on Pitchfork. But they're all worth a listen.


text:
Mr. Palmer has officially retired as of the end of the 2018-19 school year. We are running this profile of him from two years ago in honor of his career.
By Leah Emerson
Mr. Nick Palmer's mind seems scattered as he shuffles around the room moving papers back and forth. Movie and music posters are plastered on the walls of the beige classroom. Under my feet is orange, nearly brown, stained carpet. The room has an overall 70's vibe. He sits at his large desk in the front of the room and sighs… "So what do you want to know?"
Mr. Palmer has been teacher in Central's English department for 23 years. Though this seems like a long time, he's had experience with the Cobblers for much longer. He went here for high school. Mostly, the Cobblers were in the old building downtown, but Central's current building was opened half-way through his senior year.
It's crazy to think that he has both been taught and taught in the same department, though things have changed in that time. (But not the carpet. The same old stained carpet was fresh when he attended 38 years ago. Yes, the carpet is 38 years old.) For one thing, the school was set up differently. There was an idea of open classrooms, so all of the departments were one big room with clusters of desks. "You could look across the room and wave to your buddy in another class." The walls were built later on, bringing with them metaphorical walls of formality. He explains, "The atmosphere was much more casual when I went to school, everything was less strict." More authority may not necessarily be a bad thing, though. "There's a difference between kids now. They're kinder. We had a real bully problem." Though kids were meaner, Palmer did not fall into that category.
Palmer was a shy student. He never had a date or went to prom. "I was the classic third wheel. My buddies would talk to girls in the hall and I'd stand to the side kicking my shoes together, saying nothing."
It's hard to believe the infamous Mr. Palmer was shy to speak. He is known for his dramatic impressions of storybook characters: squealing like high-pitched princesses and growling like monsters, he takes a snooze-worthy classic and brings it a new life.
Though his social life was quiet, he enjoyed watching the Brady Bunch on Friday nights, not too different than binge watching Netflix now. Palmer spent his non- Friday nights writing for the student paper. He was a sports buzz, he followed the basketball team and wrote articles about them. "I loved sports but was never good enough, I was too tall and lanky, I had no muscles." Writing for the paper gave him a closeness to the team without directly playing. School sports were a huge part of a student's life. "Games were a much bigger deal back then," he said. "Going to the game was just a part of your schedule, everyone went."
When asked what his favorite memory from high school was, he paused and had to think a moment. Looking around the room it came to him all at once: "That'd have to be my 10th grade demonstration speech." Ironically enough his classes were presenting their speeches the week we spoke. "It was in Mr. K's English class. I taught my class how to blow bubbles. It was a hit. I handed out bubble gum to the class and everyone loved me." He said this with pride, smiling like it took him back to the best day of his life. "I was so used to being the guy who sat in the corner put in time and went home. It was nice to feel like a celebrity for a few minutes, and all the girls knew my name for a day." He thought about this moment, I could tell it was replaying all through his head. "It's strange because though I was shy, I've always found it easy to speak in front of people." He proudly added that he got an A on the speech.
Mr. Palmer took this fondness of speaking and got a degree in broadcasting and journalism. After a few years on the job, he knew he didn't want to do it for the rest of his life. "I asked myself what would be the best job in the world, I knew that would be Mr. K's job." After ten years in advertising he saved enough money to go back to school for a year to become a teacher. "I just had a gut feeling this is what I should do. It's important to follow those feelings."
When he finished his student-teaching, a job opened at Central because a teacher was retiring: Mr. K. Mr. Palmer now works everyday on Mr. K's old desk. "I guess some things are just meant to be. You'll find that in life."
Mr. Sheehy May 29, 2019 May 29, 2019 Leah Emerson, profile
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Optoma's projection products combine superior image processing technologies with exceptional engineering and innovation to deliver stunning crystal clear images with ultimate reliability.
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Make the season sparkle! This high-quality and convenient two-pack of printed roll wrap features silver and red polka dots on a green background as well as Merry Christmas lettering in red and green on a silver background. Decorate your wrapped package with ribbons, bows and other accessories (sold separately) for a festive finishing touch. Perfect for creating an extra-special gift presentation!


text:
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By Ken Sakamoto, Star-Bulletin
Mayoral hopeful Keiko Bonk mimics a life-size
cutout of herself, outside her campaign headquarters
in downtown Hilo.
began early
in Bonk family
The Green Party candidate
urges a balance of economic
and environmental needs
By Rod Thompson
HILO -- In 1991, Hawaii-born musician and artist Keiko Bonk, tired and saddened by the AIDS-related deaths of several friends in New York, came home to Hawaii after 15 years' absence.
Within a week her parents, Bill and Fumie, long active in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party, told her Hawaii's open government laws were under attack.
Even as a teenager, Bonk had lobbied to control development and to open government. "I come back. The same things are happening," she says.
Disillusioned with the Democrats, she joined the new Hawaii Green Party and won a seat on the Hawaii County Council in 1992, which made her the highest-ranking elected Green in the nation.
Now she's running for Big Island mayor, her second try for the post, saying she wants to end cronyism and the influence of money in government and to build a society where economic and environmental needs are in balance.
BIG ISLAND MAYOR'S RACE
Meet the candidate
Name: Keiko Bonk
Born: July 13, 1954, Honolulu
Residence: Hilo
Family: Husband, Michael Christopher
Education: Hilo High School, 1972; University of Hawaii-Manoa, B.F.A., 1976; Hunter College (New York), M.F.A., 1982
Professional: Art teacher, Berkeley, Calif., 1978-1980; art gallery assistant, New York, 1981-83; singer with rock 'n' roll groups, New York, 1983-1991; artist, more than 60 U.S. and foreign exhibitions, 1981-1998; art lecturer, University of Hawaii-Hilo, 1997-2000
Political: Hawaii County Council member, Upper Puna-Kau-South Kona district, 1992-1996 (chairperson, 1995-96); Big Island mayoral candidate, 1996, unsuccessful
Her family's background in politics began long before she was born. Her father, from a Polish-German family, remembers when he was 12 in 1936, passing out campaign buttons in New York for Franklin Delano Roosevelt, seen as a savior of the family when the Depression put his father out of work for five years.
Bonk's mother, of Japanese ancestry, remembers her father having to move the family dairy farther and farther toward Koko Head as Honolulu development encroached, finally selling it as anti-Japanese feelings rose with World War II.
William Bonk and Fumie Matsuoka met in New York in a Buddhist student group at Columbia University.
After their marriage, the couple moved to a lighthouse-keeper's cottage at the Big Island's South Point in 1953, where Bill Bonk did archaeological work for Bishop Museum on early Polynesian settlement in Hawaii.
Daughter Keiko was born at Queen's Hospital in 1954, but within a week she and her mother were back at the archaeology digs at South Point.
From 1960-63, the family lived in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, where Bonk's father was a professor. There, the three "hapa-haole" Bonk children encountered racism for the first time. Some of the Illinois children threw stones at them, shouting, "Bombs over Tokyo."
Bonk also remembers sitting on her father's shoulders as presidential candidate John F. Kennedy spoke at the University of Illinois.
On the day Kennedy was shot, the Bonks pulled their children out of school and bought a television so they could watch the news.
Back in Hawaii, eighth-grader Bonk organized a fund-raising dance for Congresswoman Patsy Mink.
"I was going to help her on my own," says Bonk, who raised more than $700.
During a 1970 trip to Washington, D.C., Mink arranged for the 15-year-old Bonk to sit for a moment in the chair of the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Star-Bulletin file photo
Before entering politics, Big Island mayoral
candidate Keiko Bonk was a singer. Here,
she poses with His Master's Voice in 1985.
Meanwhile, her father was trying to save Hawaii's past. He was barely able to squeeze in an archaeological study at Honokohau, North Kona, before the site was blown up to create a harbor.
Bonk joined a group called Save Our Surf, which opposed a breakwater across Kaimu Bay --"So you could have a safe 'swimming pool' for the resort project they wanted," she says.
The breakwater was stopped and the resort proposal was dropped after the bay filled with lava.
Creative output
While Bonk attended the University of Hawaii-Manoa in the early 1970s, protests were under way against the urbanization of agricultural Kalama and Waiahole-Waikane valleys.
"I thought at the time, 'I don't want to see this happen on the Big Island,' " she says.
Bonk married musician Mark Abramson, eventually moved to New York City, and earned a master's degree in fine arts in 1982.
She was the lead singer in several music groups, including the rock 'n' roll band Cosmic Oven. She also exhibited her art in more than 60 exhibits in the 1980s.
Then a friend with AIDS she was caring for died in 1991. "I was exhausted," she says.
A Green on the Council
Back in Hawaii, she discovered the Hawaii County Council trying to put public testimony at the end of meetings, after votes were already taken.
She testified against the idea, then tried to find someone more experienced than herself to run for the Kau seat on the Council.
"I wasn't going to run at all," she says. "I couldn't find anyone else willing to do it."
Elected, she found herself in the minority, denied enough staff to do Council work.
Michael Christopher, a doctoral candidate in sociology at the University of California at San Diego, hearing about this unusual success by a Green, first sent students to Hawaii to serve as Bonk's staff, then came himself.
Bonk put Christopher on the county payroll, then also fell in love with him, leading to accusations of impropriety.
Bonk, who divorced her husband and married Christopher, countered that Christopher was best qualified for the job.
Comments still float around that he is the power behind her. Christopher responds: "That sounds like the kind of thing insecure guys say when they come up against a woman smarter than them."
Bonk's belief that Republican council members betrayed a promise to her of openness in government led her to align herself with Democratic members in 1995.
In turn, she became council chairperson from 1995-96.
She says she was able to accomplish these reforms:
Lowering taxes on native forests
Tax benefits for certain agricultural practices
Keeping information open to the public
Now, she says, "It's time for a real change. We must end government corruption and build a sustainable society."
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text:
» B-18 Bolo
Overhead view of a Douglas B-18 Bolo bomber in flight, showing the close design similarities to the rugged Douglas C-47 Skytrain, mid-1930s T/Sgt. Raymond A. Heilman, Jr. and fellow crew of the 11th Bomber Group Heavy of the USAAF 42nd Squadron posing by a B-18 Bolo bomber, Schofield Barracks, US Territory of Hawaii, circa 1940 B-18 Bolo bomber at Hickam Field, Oahu, US Territory of Hawaii, Jan 1940 Aircraft Mechanic Class 2A posing for their graduation photo in front of a B-18 Bolo bomber at Hickam Field, Oahu, US Territory of Hawaii, 5 Jun 1940
Aerial view looking west at Borinquen Field, Puerto Rico, 1940-41. Note B-18 Bolo bombers parked on the pad that would become Hangar 5. B-18 Bolo bomber of the 25th Bomb Group at Borinquen Field, Puerto Rico, 1941. Note the hangar under construction in the background. B-18 Bolo bomber of the 25th Bomb Group taking off from Borinquen Field, Puerto Rico, 1941. B-18 Bolo bombers taxiing at Borinquen Field, Puerto Rico, 1941. Note Hangars 3 and 2 still under construction in the distance.
B-18 Bolo bomber port wing with low-drag experimental panel, Langley Field, Virginia, United States, 1 Jan 1941; note P-43 Lancer fighter in background Bomb damage to Hangars 15-17 and 11-13 at Hickam Field, Oahu, at 1700 on 7 Dec 1941; note B-18 bomber in hanger B-18 Bolo resting at an airfield, pre-May 1942 B-18A in flight, pre-May 1942
Canadians pulling the wreckage of a Digby Mark I aircraft out of Freshwater Bay at Dover, Dominion of Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada), after the plane crashed into the bay on 2 Jan 1942 YB-17 Flying Fortress bomber at rest at Langley Field, Virginia, United States, May 1942, photo 1 of 2; note tail of two B-18 Bolo and an A-20 Havoc aircraft in background YB-17 Flying Fortress bomber at rest at Langley Field, Virginia, United States, May 1942, photo 2 of 2; note B-18 Bolo and two A-20 Havoc aircraft in background Henry Arnold awarding Doolittle Raiders at Bolling Field, Washington DC, United States, 27 Jun 1942; note B-18 Bolo aircraft in background
B-17 Flying Fortress bomber at rest, silhouetted by the setting sun, Langley Field, Virginia, United States, Jul 1942; note B-18 Bolo and two A-20 Havoc aircraft in background Aerial view of the tower, hangars, and pad at Borinquen Field, Puerto Rico, 1943. Aircraft seen include C-46, C-47, C-54, B-17, B-25, B-18, B-34, A-20, and perhaps others. B-18 Bolo aircraft at an airfield in Panama, Feb-Jun 1943 A B-18 bomber of the USAAF 27th Bomb Group, Eagle Farm air base, Brisbane, Australia, Feb-Jun 1943
Read more about B-18 Bolo
Note on Representative Joseph Martin's message to US Congress, page 2 of 2
"I have returned. By the grace of Almighty God, our forces stand again on Philippine soil."
General Douglas MacArthur at Leyte, 17 Oct 1944


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The Stunning History of Kansas City Chiefs Quarterbacks
The Kansas City Chiefs are one of the most storied franchises in football history. Getting their start as the Dallas Texans in 1960, they were one of the inaugural teams of the American Football League.
Like any long-running football franchise, the Chiefs have seen their share of quarterbacks, some of them legendary, and some of them abject failures.
Interested in learning about the many Kansas City Chiefs quarterbacks? Let's delve into the history of the most important position on the field for this notable franchise.
Kansas City Chiefs Quarterbacks Through the Years
The Chiefs starting quarterbacks run the gamut from mediocre to other-worldly. Let's review the history and successes (and failures) of each.
Cotton Davidson
The first quarterback for the Chiefs franchise, Cotton Davidson was never officially a Kansas City Chief, but a Dallas Texan. While never a great quarterback for the Texans (or anyone else), he was sufficient enough to lead them to 8-6 and 6-8 records in their first two seasons.
Unfortunately for Davidson, he was more of a placeholder for bigger things to come. He lasted only two seasons with the Chiefs franchise.
If you're a Chiefs fan, you have to know Len Dawson. No quarterback is more important to the history of the Chiefs than he is.
Drafted 5th overall in the 1957 NFL Draft, Dawson struggled through 5 years with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Cleveland Browns before finally being picked up by the Dallas Texans in 1962. It would turn out to be the perfect match.
The next year, the Texans would move to Kansas City, change their name to the Chiefs, and Dawson, along with legendary coach Hank Stram, would begin their reign of excellence. A mobile and accurate quarterback, Dawson fit Stram's offense to a tee.
With the Chiefs, Dawson totaled 3 AFL Championships as well as a Super Bowl victory. To this day, his stretch with the Chiefs has been the most dominant of all quarterbacks in franchise history. This is why he's a Chiefs Hall of Famer, a Pro Football Hall of Famer, and one of the most respected quarterbacks of all time.
Mike Livingston
The Chiefs were a bit of a disaster in the mid and late 70s, and Mike Livingston was their quarterback for a good many of those games. While he had his good moments, he was primarily a flop.
His career statistics add up to 56 touchdowns and 83 interceptions in the 75 games he started for the Chiefs.
Drafted by the Chiefs in the first round of the 1979 NFL Draft, Steve Fuller was never given much of a chance. He took over for Mike Livingston in his rookie season, posting just 6 touchdowns against 14 interceptions.
Things didn't get much better after his rookie season, and he ended up starting only 4 years in Kansas City. From there he was shuffled to Chicago, where he played three very unsuccessful seasons before retiring, though he was apart of the historic 1985 team, as a backup.
Bill Kenney
Bill Kenney was an average to above average quarterback for the Chiefs, making 77 starts for them from 1980 to 1988. Sporting a pretty decent touchdown to interception ratio for the time, he actually had a huge season in 1983 when he passed for 4,348 yards and 24 touchdowns.
Though Kenney is certainly not a Chiefs legend, there were certainly worse quarterbacks to play for the team. Considering he was a 12th round draft pick, he really had a fairly decent career.
Outside of football, he once served as a Missouri state senator, staying in office for an 8-year run.
Todd Blackledge
Entering the NFL Draft in 1983, Todd Blackledge was a fairly big deal. In fact, he was such a big deal that the Chiefs decided to pick him ahead of Hall of Fame quarterbacks Dan Marino and Jim Kelly.
Unfortunately, he never came close to the expectations. While Marino went on to revolutionize the quarterback position and become one of the most prolific passers of all-time, and Kelly went on to play in 4 straight Super Bowls, Todd Blackledge played 5 dismal seasons for the Chiefs, totaling just 24 starts.
He finished his career as a backup for the Pittsburgh Steelers, having accumulated just 5,286 yards passing in 7 seasons.
Steve DeBerg
Following a few mediocre years of Kenney and Blackledge, the Chiefs picked up Steve DeBerg, a league veteran who had started for three other teams. DeBerg had not exactly set the world on fire up to that point, but he had proven an ability to be a serviceable starter in the NFL.
Fortunately for the Chiefs, DeBerg gave them his best years, even posting a 3,444 passing yard, 23-touchdown, 4-interception season in 1990. At the very least, the team got better with him as the quarterback.
Dave Krieg
Dave Krieg started 21 games in Kansas City, posting a record of 13-8 as a starter. While he wasn't a statistical marvel, he kept the Chiefs above water for a while, teaming up with Joe Montana to help lead the team to the playoffs in both of his years in Kansas City.
Overall, Krieg had a solid, but unremarkable NFL career, playing a total of 19 seasons. While he played some decent football for the Chiefs, he is mostly known for his time with the Seattle Seahawks.
4-time Super Bowl champion. 2-time NFL MVP, Joe Montana is one of the most decorated quarterbacks in the history of football.
Unfortunately, Montana did his best work with the San Francisco 49ers and not the Kansas City Chiefs. This isn't to say that he was horrible for the Chiefs. In fact, he was pretty solid.
In his 2 years in Kansas City, Montana started 25 games and won 17 of them, making the playoffs both years. Unfortunately, due to chronic injury and advanced age, he no longer possessed the magic that he possessed in San Francisco, and the Chiefs were unable to reach the Super Bowl with him at the helm.
Steve Bono
Following Joe Montana from the 49ers to the Chiefs was Steve Bono, a career backup who had shown flashes of good play relieving Montana and Steve Young in San Francisco. Bono spent his first year in Kansas City as a backup to Joe Montana. However, once Montana retired, Bono was given the keys to the offense.
Bono had a solid season for the Chiefs in 1995, throwing for 3,121 yards, 21 touchdowns, and 10 interceptions. However, in 1996, he regressed, throwing for just 2,572 yards, 12 touchdowns, and 13 interceptions.
He would go on to be a backup for a few teams before retiring in 1999.
Rich Gannon
From 1997 to 2000, the Chiefs quarterbacking duties were shared primarily by two men, one of whom was Elvis Grbac, and the other of whom was Rich Gannon. A definite late-bloomer, Gannon started just 19 games for the Chiefs in 4 seasons. At best, he was average, displaying minimal playmaking ability.
Unfortunately for the Chiefs, Gannon's best football was yet to come. It wasn't until he was picked up by the Raiders in 1999, at 34 years old, that he finally started to take off. Gannon was a 4-time Pro Bowler for the Raiders, winning a league MVP award in 2002.
Elvis Grbac
Elvis Grbac had both good and bad times in Kansas City. Due to injury, he was often forced to sit out games, allowing Rich Gannon to gain momentum and often start in his place. However, once Gannon left, Grbac's play excelled, posting great statistical seasons in both 1999 and 2000.
In fact, in 2000, he passed for 4,169 yards, 28 touchdowns, and 14 interceptions, earning a trip to the Pro Bowl. During that same season, he passed for 504 yards in a single game, setting the Chiefs single-game passing yards record.
Following his 2000 season, Grbac was a hot commodity. He left the Chiefs, signing a big contract with the Baltimore Ravens. Unfortunately, he played poorly during the 2001 season, choosing to retire upon its end.
Trent Green
Trent Green had an opportunity to be the starting quarterback for one of the greatest offenses of all time, the "Greatest Show on Turf" St. Louis Rams of the early 2000s. Unfortunately, he was hurt early in the 2000 season and lost his job to eventual Hall of Famer Kurt Warner.
However, that wasn't the end of Green's career. Not even close. He received another chance to be a starting quarterback the next season with the Chiefs, and he took advantage of it.
While his first season with Kansas City was a little shaky, he would go on to play in two Pro Bowls during his 6-year tenure with the team.
Damon Huard
Damon Huard's tenure with the Chiefs wasn't terrible, but it wasn't exactly great either. He and the team had their stretches of success, but overall were a disappointment. His record as the Chiefs starter was 10-11.
Statistically speaking, Huard wasn't much to write home about. He took care of the ball fairly well but was never capable of putting up big yardage or touchdown numbers. Ultimately, he was just a placeholder quarterback.
Brodie Croyle
There's really no other way to say it: Brodie Croyle was a bad quarterback. In fact, he's arguably the worst starting quarterback to ever play for the Chiefs. In the 10 games that Brodie Croyle started for Kansas City, Kansas City lost all 10.
Over his 5-year career, he managed just 1,669 yards passing, 8 touchdowns, and 9 interceptions. The Chiefs as a whole were pretty awful during the Croyle years, but they were even worse when he was playing quarterback.
Matt Cassel
For the majority of his football career, Matt Cassel was a backup quarterback. He was a backup all 4 of his years at the University of Southern California, and he was a backup to Tom Brady for three years in New England.
This would all change in 2008 when Tom Brady would tear his ACL in the first game of the season. At that point, Matt Cassel was given a chance to shine, and, while he wasn't out of this world, he was pretty good.
The following season, with Brady back at full strength, the Patriots would trade Cassel to the Chiefs, where he would go on to be the principal starter for the next 4 seasons.
While he was pretty good in his first 2 seasons as a Chief (he made the Pro Bowl in 2010), his second 2 seasons were a disappointment, marked by injury and inconsistent play.
When Alex Smith came to the Chiefs in 2013, it was hard to tell what they were getting. A former 1st overall pick, Smith had shown waves of excellence as a San Francisco 49er, but he had, for the most part, been no better than average.
Fortunately for the Chiefs (and for Smith), they were a good fit. Though he never shook his reputation as a conservative game manager, Smith improved his game every year with the team, culminating in a 4,042 passing yard, 26 touchdown season in 2017.
With Smith under center, the Chiefs were rock steady, but were never quite good enough to win the big game. Ultimately, his lack of big-play ability would do him in, and the Chiefs would trade him to the Redskins.
In the 2017 NFL Draft, the Chiefs traded up to the 10th spot to select a raw, but uber-talented quarterback out of Texas Tech University by the name of Patrick Mahomes. Though Mahomes has started only one full season for the Chiefs, it turned out to be one of the statistically greatest quarterbacking seasons in the history of the NFL.
Blessed with 'an arm from the gods' and possessing the mindset of a Major League shortstop, Mahomes chucked and side armed his way to 5,097 passing yards, 50 passing touchdowns, and a completion percentage of 66.0%. The result of this? He won the NFL MVP Award in his first full season.
Mahomes' talent did not just shine individually. He and his teammates fell just short of the Super Bowl, losing in overtime in the AFC Championship game to the mighty New England Patriots despite a series of awe-inspiring offensive drives.
While there's a chance that NFL defensive coordinators figure out how to tame Patrick Mahomes, his almost-alien level of talent is going to make it very difficult. As it stands, he has a very legitimate shot of going down as an all-time great NFL quarterback.
Buy Kansas City Chiefs Sports Memorabilia
Now that you've learned a thing or two about Kansas City Chiefs quarterbacks, you might be interested in buying some Chiefs memorabilia. If so, you're in the right place. Power Sports Memorabilia has plenty.
Not only do we offer signed jerseys and signed helmets, but signed footballs, signed photos, and signed cards as well.
Check out our selection of Chiefs memorabilia right now!


If you are still to be found here, Dandelion would merely like to know how time has treated you. We haven't been so very good about keeping in touch with you, but We still have the postcards you'd once sent us and we still think of you fondly. It is Our sincere hope that you've been well.


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Public-Private Partnerships (PPP)
UNECE International PPP Centre of Excellence
Business Advisory Board
Alexander Bazhenov
Economic Cooperation and Integration
Committee on Innovation, Competitiveness and Public-Private Partnerships (CICPPP)
Committee Sessions
Innovation and Competitiveness Policies (ICP)
Innovation for Sustainable Development Reviews
Capacity building on innovation and competitiveness
Innovation Policy Outlook
Knowledge-based Development News
Team of Specialists on Innovation and Competitiveness Policies (TOS-ICP)
Working Party on Public-Private Partnerships (WP-PPP)
ICoE Portal
List of PPP Standards
Currently being developed
Documents by Country
Alexandr Bazhenov was born on 1964.
He graduated from the Bauman Moscow High Technical School in 1987.
During the professional growth he graduated retraining courses at A.T. Kearney, Suez and J.F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University (2002, 2012, 2013).
He graduated from Presidential personnel reserve training program in 2013.
Since 2014 – General Director, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the JSC "Federal Centre for Project Finance" (100% subsidiary company of the State corporation "Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs" (Vnesheconombank)).
In 2008 - 2014 the Director of PPP Unit, Vnesheconombank.
In 2007-2008 Deputy Director of Infrastructure Department, Vnesheconombank.
In 2005-2007 JSC "Economic Institute of Utilities", Chairman of the Board of Directors; JSC "Evraziyiskiy", Member of the Board of Directors; Eurasian Water Partnership Ltd., Executive Vice-President.
In 2003-2004 JSC "Russian Utility Systems", Deputy CEO.
In 1999-2003 Suez Lyonnaise des Eaux, Deputy Director of Central and Eastern Europe.
In 1994-1999 A. T. Kearney, Consultant and Director of the company's Moscow office for strategic management consultancy.
In 1992-1993 Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, Deputy General Director.
Chairman of the Board of Fund "VEB Innovations".
Member of Supervisory Board of the State Corporation "The Fund for the assistance to reforming of housing and communal services".
Independent Director of JSC "Kazakhstani Centre of Public-private partnership".
First Deputy Head of the PPP Chair of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.
Member of the Government Council on investment projects of national, regional and interregional importance.
Member of the Expert Council on PPP of the Ministry of Transport.
Member of the Committee for Investment Policy and PPP of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs.
Back to BAB Members


I'm showing you the park today.
cold sun-glare in both of our eyes.
For now just look up at the sky.
You lie back and see mummy's chins.
Keep flashing that fat kiddie grin.
and laugh at my upside-down smile.
and laugh at my upside-down smile!
look! Here's the Pirates' Nature Trail.
a bakery, takeaway, charity shop.


Property Summary: Located in the SUN CITY ALIANTE UNIT 6 PHASE subdivision of Sun City Aliante, this is a Single Family Home for sale in North Las Vegas, NV 89084, listed at $295,000. Current listing information about 2828 Horned Owl Way indicates the property features 2 beds, 2.00 baths, and has approximately 1570 square feet of living space, with a lot size of 0.14 acres, and was originally constructed in 2005. The current price per square foot is $187. The average price per square foot for properties in 89084 is $160. The property has been on the market for 41 days. Average list prices for similar properties for sale is $306,700. To schedule a private showing of MLS#2065924 at 2828 Horned Owl Way in SUN CITY ALIANTE UNIT 6 PHASE, please contact our real estate team.
NO SID!!! Immaculate C-elevation Laurel model in 55+ Sun City Aliante. N-S orientation facing south. Open floor plan, spacious. Plantation shutters throughout. 18x18 diagonal tile flooring and carpet. Kitchen features white Corian countertops, maple cabinets, pantry, breakfast bar, double-door refrigerator, all appliances. Every room has ceiling fan/lights. Covered patio. Desert landscape. Listed at fair market value. Must see to appreciate.
Located in the ALIANTE PARCELS 30A & 30B subdivision of Aliante. Single Family Home Features 3 beds, 3.00 baths, and has approximately 2451 square feet of living space. Price per square foot is $148 with a list price of $364,900.
Located in the CENTENNIAL & REVERE UNIT 1. Single Family Home Features 4 beds, 3.00 baths, and has approximately 1661 square feet of living space. Price per square foot is $144 with a list price of $240,000.
Located in the SUN CITY ALIANTE UNIT 9 PHASE subdivision of Sun City Aliante. Single Family Home Features 3 beds, 2.00 baths, and has approximately 1420 square feet of living space. Price per square foot is $196 with a list price of $279,000.


Are you Jennifer Deloach? Claim this listing.
Jennifer Deloach is a certified financial planner based in Atlanta, Georgia. Currently an advisor at Securian Financial Services, Inc, Deloach has 11 years of practice as a registered investment advisor. Deloach holds Series 63 and Series 65 licenses, designating the advisor as both a securities agent and an investment advisor representative. Deloach is able to act as an advisor in Georgia. Throughout their career, Deloach has worked at Robert W. Baird & Co, Na, Certussecurities, Inc, Certus Investment Advisors, Acg Wealth Inc, Triad Advisors, Inc, Joyn Advisors Inc, Arkadios Capital, LLC and Securian Financial Services Inc. Securian Financial Services, Inc is located in Atlanta, Georgia, and operates out of 172 additional offices in the country. Overall, Securian Financial Services, Inc manages $10 billion in assets throughout 34,933 accounts and retains more than 1,703 people. The firm's total assets under management makes it one of the largest firms in the country. The firm manages 8,135 accounts on a discretionary basis, in which the advisor makes investment decisions at their discretion. Currently 19% of the advisor firm's clients are high-net-worth individuals, meaning they have greater than $1 million in capital. Securian Financial Services, Inc provides financial planning services, portfolio management for individuals and small businesses, portfolio management for institutional clients, pension consulting services, selection of other advisers and educational seminars. The firm's fees may include asset-based, hourly and fixed fees.
Jennifer has 11 years of experience.
Jennifer Deloach has no disclosures.


text:
Derek Carr upgraded to full participant for Raiders
Chargers Raiders Football
Las Vegas Raiders quarterback Derek Carr (4) limps on the sidelines after a play against the Los Angeles Chargers during the first half of an NFL football game, Thursday, Dec. 17, 2020, in Las Vegas. (AP Photo/Isaac Brekken)
JOSH DUBOW
Quarterback Derek Carr was a full participant in practice less than a week after leaving a game with a groin injury and could be on target to play this week for the Las Vegas Raiders.
Carr's status was in question after he injured his groin on a scramble in the first quarter last Thursday night against the Los Angeles Chargers.
He practiced on a limited basis on Tuesday in a sign he could return without missing a game and then was upgraded to a full participant on Wednesday. The final injury report before Saturday night's game against the Miami Dolphins will come out Thursday.
Carr has a history of playing through injuries, having missed only two regular-season starts in seven seasons in the NFL. He broke his ankle in Week 16 in 2016, missing out on his only chance to appear in the playoffs and missed only one game in 2017 after breaking a bone in his back.
Carr even played an entire season with a sports hernia in college at Fresno State in 2012.
Carr has thrown for 3,396 yards and 24 TDs and has a career-best 102 passer rating this season.
The Raiders have only slim playoff hopes after losing four of five games to spoil a promising start to the season. They would need to beat Miami and Denver the next two weeks, hope Baltimore loses to the Giants and Cincinnati, and have the Dolphins lose in Week 17 to Buffalo to get into the playoffs for the second time in the past 18 years.
Marcus Mariota, the No. 2 overall pick by Tennessee in 2015, played well in Carr's absence last week and will be ready to go again if needed.
Mariota threw for 226 yards and a touchdown and ran for 88 yards and a score in a 30-27 overtime loss.
The Raiders will be without starting linebacker Nick Kwiatkoski this week after placing him on the COVID-19 list. Cornerback Isaiah Johnson was taken off the COVID list.
NOTES: S Johnathan Abram and WR Hunter Renfrow were also upgraded to full participants with concussions. ... LB Nicholas Morrow, who missed last week with a concussion, sat out practice for a non-injury related reason. ... DE Clelin Ferrell (shoulder) remained out of practice. ... CB Damon Arnette (concussion), C Rodney Hudson (knee, back), DT Maurice Hurst (calf), G Gabe Jackson (knee) and T Sam Young (knee) were all limited.
Raiders QB Derek Carr among best quarterbacks in NFL on third down
Raiders Wire
Raiders add QB Kyle Sloter on reserve/future contract
Chiefs place Deon Yelder on injured reserve
Kemba Walker upgraded to "questionable" vs. New York Knicks
Should the Raiders move on from RT Trent Brown?
Alysa Liu leaves Las Vegas without U.S. figure skating title, but full of optimism
Did You Participate In Any Of Lockheed Martin's (NYSE:LMT) Respectable 86% Return?


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Q: Confidence intervals over mean difference with unknown but equal variance The problem is the following:
I have 2 Stores, called Store1 and Store2
I take a sample of the number of item sold in each store over a certain period of time
From the first store the sample has dimension 11 and has a mean of 1045 = x_bar1  and standard deviation 10 = s_1
From the second store I take a sample with dimension 9 and it has mean 1025 = x_bar2       and standard deviation 9 = s_2
I have to get a confidence interval of 95% over the difference of this two means.
This is what I taught was the correct formula to get to the solution

.
This is what the professor sent me as a response, telling me that my solution was wrong

I cannot understand where to derive that formula from, I think it has something to do with the fact that me don't have the acual standard deviations of the population but I cannot undestand the derivation of the formula.
I spent countless hours to try and solve this on my own, by searching online, ecc.
So I'm asking for your help.
If there is something wrong with the format of this post please tell me and I will be glad to fix it.

A: You have two independent samples: $$(X_{i1},X_{i2},\ldots,X_{in_i})\stackrel{\text{i.i.d}}\sim\mathcal N(\mu_i,\sigma^2)\quad,i=1,2$$
Analogous to the problem of testing for difference of means in two homoscedastic normal populations where we use Fisher's
(exact) t-test, the confidence interval for the difference of means also involves Fisher's t-statistic as a pivot.
Define the sample means and sample variances:
$$\overline X_i=\frac{1}{n_i}\sum_{j=1}^{n_i}X_{ij}\quad,\quad S_i^2=\frac{1}{n_i-1}\sum_{j=1}^{n_i}(X_{ij}-\overline X_i)^2\qquad,\,i=1,2$$
Your parameter of interest is $$\theta=\mu_1-\mu_2$$
Then we can justify that $$\overline X_1-\overline X_2\sim \mathcal N\left(\theta,\sigma^2\left(\frac{1}{n_1}+\frac{1}{n_2}\right)\right)\tag{1}$$
Define the pooled variance
$$S^2=\frac{(n_1-1)S_1^2+(n_2-1)S_2^2}{n_1+n_2-2}$$
It then follows from the reproductive property of chi-square distribution that
$$\frac{(n_1+n_2-2)S^2}{\sigma^2}\sim\chi^2_{n_1+n_2-2}\tag{2}$$
, independent of $\overline X_1-\overline X_2$.
Use $(1)$ and $(2)$ to create a $t$ distribution.
Given $\theta$, you will get what is known as Fisher's t-statistic:
$$T=\frac{\overline X_1-\overline X_2-\theta}{S\sqrt{\frac{1}{n_1}+\frac{1}{n_2}}}\sim t_{n_1+n_2-2}$$
This $T$ is your pivot for finding a confidence interval for $\theta$.
Using this pivot, I get the following confidence limits for a $100(1-\alpha)\%$ CI for $\theta$:
$$\overline x_1-\overline x_2\mp (t_{\alpha/2;n_1+n_2-2})\,s\sqrt{\frac{1}{n_1}+\frac{1}{n_2}}$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Tullow Oil Budgets $225M in Kenya's Pre-development, Exploration and Appraisal Expenditure in 2017
OilNews January 11, 2017 Leave a comment
Tullow Oil has announced that it will set aside $225M of the $500M Group's capital expenditure to Kenya's Pre-development, Exploration and Appraisal Expenditure this year.
This expenditure is expected to be broken into $100M of pre-development expenditure and $125 million of Exploration and Appraisal spend.
The new figures show a continued decrease in expenditure by the company $1 billion in exploration expenditure in 2014 to $200 million in 2015, $100 million in exploration and appraisal budget and $150 million pre-development expenditure in 2016 to the current figures.
Tullow oil which is currently drilling the Erut-1 well in Kenya says it will then proceed to drill Amosing-6, a well targeting undrilled volumes, before moving to Ngamia-10, an appraisal well to the south of the Ngamia discovery.
The wildcat Etete prospect approximately 2km south of the Etom field is the last of the four wells expected in 2017 although the company may consider extending the programme by up to four additional wells in 2017, depending upon the assessment of the results from the initial four wells.
Tullow Oil has further reported that water injection trials have been successfully completed on the Amosing discovery in the South Lokichar Basin with data collected showing the viability of water injection for development planning. A similar programme of water injection tests on the Ngamia discovery are scheduled to commence later this month.
Work continues on the Early Oil Pilot Scheme expected to commence in March, full field development planning and the export pipeline.
The company also set aside .$90 million in capital expenditure for Ghana while Uganda's $125M will be offset by the Uganda farm-down deferred consideration.
Meanwhile the company has announced new board changes that will see Paul McDade, currently Chief Operating Officer appointed Chief Executive Officer as from April 2017 and Aidan Heavey,currently Chief Executive Officer and founder of Tullow Oil take over as non-executive Chairman.
"With Aidan as Chairman, Paul and Tullow will continue to benefit from the founder's years of experience and deep understanding of the relationships that underpin our business in Africa," says outgoing chairman Simon Thompson.
Paul McDade joined Tullow in 2001 and became Chief Operating Officer in 2004. In this role he has been a key member of the Executive team. Mr. McDade was appointed to Tullow's Board in 2006 and has over 30 years' experience in the oil and gas sector and has previously worked in various operational, commercial and management roles with Conoco, Lasmo and ERC. He holds degrees in Civil Engineering and Petroleum Engineering from Strathclyde University, Glasgow and Imperial College, London.
Tagged Aidan Heavey, Amosing, Erut, Etete, expenditure, exploration, Kenya, Ngamia, Paul McDade, pre-development, Simon Thompson, South Lokichar basin, Tullow Oil
Author: OilNews
← Swala Energy Exits Kenya's Block 12B
Gulf Interstate Engineering Bags Uganda-Tanzania Crude Oil Pipeline Design Contract →


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Pleasure Gardens, Folkestone
Address: Folkestone, UK
11 Sep 1916 A Kiss For Cinderella Professional
The Folkestone Express, Sandgate, Shorncliffe & Hythe Advertiser, 19 August 1916, reported that Barrie's 'fantasy' A Kiss for Cinderella was coming to the Pleasure Gardens Theatre, Folkestone on 11 September. The Folkestone, Hythe, Sandgate & Cheriton Herald, 9 September 1916, published a preview of the production. The Folkestone Express, Sandgate, Shorncliffe & Hythe Advertiser, 16 September 1916, published a review of the production.
26 Dec 1916 The Bing Boys Are Here Professional
'It was a decidedly good stroke of business to secure the great Alhambra success as the Christmas week attraction at the Pleasure Gardens Theatre. It is precisely the kind of production that is most popular at this season of the year - bright, breezy, and exhilarating, with an abundance of good music and catchy songs, interspersed with some clever dances. We not want to be bothered with problem plays at Yuletide - some do not care for them at any time - and even a serious drama is rather heavy fare. The average playgoer, having put his gastronomical system to a pretty severe test, does not wish to tax his brain too severely, preferring some such light relaxation as that provided by Messrs. George Grossmith and Edward Laurillard's revue as an antidote to the strain upon his digestive organs ... The first performance of the visit was given on Boxing Day afternoon, when there was a big "house," but the audience in the evening was one of the overflowing variety. Every reserved seat was booked beforehand, and many were unable to gain admission at all. (By the way, there was a similar experience on Saturday night, when the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company concluded its engagement with a repetition of "The Mikado"). The production is full to the brim of good songs and fun'. Folkestone, Hyde, Sandgate & Cheriton Herald, 30 December 1916.
9 Aug 1917 Inside the Lines Professional
Last 3 days of the week after Hastings.
1 Oct 1917 Inside the Lines Professional
3 nights only
3 Jun 1918 Inside the Lines Professional
1 Jul 1918 Ocean Waves Professional
4 Oct 1918 The Luck Of The Navy Professional
7 Jul 1919 Tails Up Professional
Reviewed in the Folkestone, Hythe, Sandgate & Cheriton Herald, 12 July 1919 ('The War Office and the nouveaux riches are mercilessly satisfied [sic – surely satirised]'); and in the Folkestone Express, Sandgate, Shorncliffe & Hythe Advertiser, 12 July 1919.
8 Nov 1920 The Amorist Professional


Mike Smithson is one of South Australia's most prominent and most recognised journalists.
He has been a political reporter for Channel 7 News for the past 12 years. He also writes a weekly analysis column for the Sunday Mail newspaper and appears every Friday on ABC radio's popular 'spin cycle' segment.
Mike has also been a 7 Network foreign correspondent covering the hotspots of Europe, a news presenter and was also awarded South Australia's Journalist of the Year 2006.
With a grasp of all topical issues affecting South Australia and the nation, he provides entertaining and thought provoking presentations on everything from the behind-the-scenes workings of Government, to issues such as the nuclear energy debate and climate change.
He likes to leave his audience pondering the future direction of this great state and puts forward some controversial views about the economy and those who control it.
It can an irreverent approach to some serious issues, but he always leaves his audience with a smile their faces.
Mike has vast experience in meeting the needs of all functions with a warm and witty style which wins over audiences.


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Embrace FKA Twigs along with latest from Charli XCX, the Regrettes
Mike Evans | Nov 30, 2019 | Sounds
The Regrettes — 'How Do You Love?'
THE GOOD: Armed with a new rhythm section, Los Angeles pop/punk outfit the Regrettes dodges the dreaded sophomore slump.
THE BAD: Nope.
THE NITTY GRITTY: Still fronted by guitarist/vocalist Lydia Night, the Regrettes brings on a tight collection of three-and-a-half minute anthems big on girl power, chunky riffs, crashing backbeats and catchy-as-hell melodies. Produced once again by hip-hop/pop dude Mike Elizondo (Eminem, Tegan and Sara, Walk the Moon), "How Do You Love" may be the very definition of formulaic, but why tamper with something that works this well?
Tracks such as "California Friends" and "Fog" are energy-packed and punchy. Delicate bits such as "Pumpkin" hypnotize us with their special brand of melodic melancholy. "Here You Go" brings vintage new wave vibes to the party.
"How Do You Love" hits all the right elements time and again without sounding like it's stuck on repeat. We get a seamless set riding an endless supply of addictive forward momentum.
BUY IT?: Oh yeah.
Charli XCX — 'Charli'
THE GOOD: British singer/songwriter Charli XCX (born Charlotte Emma Aitchison) goes big on her third.
THE BAD: "Charli" falls into the trap a lot of longer mainstream albums do. A sameness begins to take over. Autotune and click tracks only have so many variations. Take this one in smaller doses.
THE NITTY GRITTY: XCX has always given her more pop-oriented stuff to other artists while her own releases have walked that fine line between the mainstream and the underground. Now, the singer collaborates with a huge roster of other artists — people such as Christine and the Queens, Haim, Lizzo, Clairo and Troye Sivan — in order to create confident banging tracks ready for whomever (pop charts or elsewhere) wants them.
Better bits include the popping, attitude-heavy "Click"; shuffling and catchy "Blame It on Your Love"; and gorgeous, stirring ballad "White Mercedes." But pretty much every experiment works on some level. XCX is in a good place right now, progressing and opening her music up to countless possibilities.
BUY IT?: Yes.
FKA Twigs — 'Magdalene'
THE GOOD: British singer/songwriter/producer Tahliah Barnett (known professionally as FKA Twigs) delivers her full-length sophomore album.
THE BAD: Nothing.
THE NITTY GRITTY: You could classify FKA Twigs as a creative multi-threat. She sings, writes, produces, dances, directs videos and, to be blunt, doesn't half-ass ANY of it. "Magdalene" simply is her latest offering sent to mesmerize us all.
As usual, the music defies categorization. Is this R&B? Electronic? Underground dance? Pop? Trip-hop? It's ALL of those. Twigs brings in medieval sounds, modern styles, elements of '90s Massive Attack, early Tricky, contemporary St. Vincent and a healthy dose of stuff that is strictly hers. A rare artist who can make other people's sounds all her own while being an important influence herself, FKA Twigs is a trailblazer. Those are rare these days.
Working with a disparate roster of co-producers boasting names such as Benny Blanco, Kenny Beats and Skrillex, Twigs makes "Magdalene" a record that's both timeless and surprising at every turn.
Embrace its beauty and innovation.
BUY IT?: You must.
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Traditional, electronic moments make albums memorable
Mike Evans is the author of Sounds and is a super cool radio guy who doesn't mess around when it comes to music. Contact: mevans@shamrocknepa.com
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