text:
Loredana Georgia Berna, cunoscută mai bine sub numele Gia este o cântăreață română.
Este fiica lui Theodor Berna, proprietarul firmei Tehnologica Radion.

În anul 2003 Gia ocupa primele locuri în topurile de la radio cu melodii precum "Te fac să vibrezi", "Cât îmi lipsești" sau "Pe cine aș iubi",
precum și "Acum știu ce vreau", "Nu mă opri" și "Eu". La Premiile muzicale MTV România este nominalizată la categoria "cel mai bun debutant" cu piesa "Nu mă opri", câștigând premiul pentru "cel mai bun site" pentru gia.ro .

După doi ani în showbiz, în 2005, Gia s-a retras subit din muzică.

În anul 2011 s-a căsătorit cu Sebastien Caldray, un afacerist francez, care are mai multe afaceri în domeniul agricol.

În prezent Gia locuiește în Vendome, de pe Valea Loirei, în Franța.

Note

Legături externe
 Gia - Nu mă opri, YouTube

Nașteri în 1979
Cântărețe române

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
/*********************************************************************************************************************/
/*   File Name: xml.cpp                                                                                */
/*   Author: Ing. Jesus Rocha <chuyangel.rm@gmail.com>, July 2016.                                                   */
/*   Copyright (C) angsys, Jesus Angel Rocha Morales                                                                 */
/*   You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish and/or distribute copies of the Software, and permit persons   */
/*   to whom the Software is furnished to do so.                                                                     */
/*   This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.      */
/*                                                                                */
/*********************************************************************************************************************/
#include "pch.h"
#include <ang/dom/xml.h>
//#include "ang_inlines.h"

using namespace ang;
using namespace ang::dom::xml;

#define MY_TYPE ang::dom::xml::ixml_collection
#include "ang/inline/intf_wrapper_specialization.inl"
#undef MY_TYPE

#define MY_TYPE ang::dom::xml::xml_collection
#include "ang/inline/object_wrapper_specialization.inl"
#undef MY_TYPE

dom::xml::xml_forward_iterator_t ixml_collection_t::begin() {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_forward_iterator_t() : get()->begin();
}

dom::xml::xml_forward_iterator_t ixml_collection_t::end() {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_forward_iterator_t() : get()->end();
}

dom::xml::xml_const_forward_iterator_t ixml_collection_t::begin()const {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_const_forward_iterator_t() : ((type const*)get())->begin();
}

dom::xml::xml_const_forward_iterator_t ixml_collection_t::end()const {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_const_forward_iterator_t() : ((type const*)get())->end();
}

dom::xml::xml_backward_iterator_t ixml_collection_t::rbegin() {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_backward_iterator_t() : get()->rbegin();
}

dom::xml::xml_backward_iterator_t ixml_collection_t::rend() {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_backward_iterator_t() : get()->rend();
}

dom::xml::xml_const_backward_iterator_t ixml_collection_t::rbegin()const {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_const_backward_iterator_t() : ((type const*)get())->rbegin();
}

dom::xml::xml_const_backward_iterator_t ixml_collection_t::rend()const {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_const_backward_iterator_t() : ((type const*)get())->rend();
}

dom::xml::xml_node_t ixml_collection_t::operator[](cstr_t cstr)const {
	try { return *get()->find(cstr); }
	catch (...) { return null; }
}

dom::xml::xml_forward_iterator_t xml_collection_t::begin() {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_forward_iterator_t() : get()->begin();
}

dom::xml::xml_forward_iterator_t xml_collection_t::end() {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_forward_iterator_t() : get()->end();
}

dom::xml::xml_const_forward_iterator_t xml_collection_t::begin()const {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_const_forward_iterator_t() : ((type const*)get())->begin();
}

dom::xml::xml_const_forward_iterator_t xml_collection_t::end()const {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_const_forward_iterator_t() : ((type const*)get())->end();
}

dom::xml::xml_backward_iterator_t xml_collection_t::rbegin() {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_backward_iterator_t() : get()->rbegin();
}

dom::xml::xml_backward_iterator_t xml_collection_t::rend() {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_backward_iterator_t() : get()->rend();
}

dom::xml::xml_const_backward_iterator_t xml_collection_t::rbegin()const {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_const_backward_iterator_t() : ((type const*)get())->rbegin();
}

dom::xml::xml_const_backward_iterator_t xml_collection_t::rend()const {
	return is_empty() ? dom::xml::xml_const_backward_iterator_t() : ((type const*)get())->rend();
}

dom::xml::xml_node_t xml_collection_t::operator[](cstr_t cstr)const {
	try { return *get()->find(cstr); }
	catch (...) { return null; }
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

xml_collection::xml_collection(xml_node_t node, xml_type_t type)
	: m_type(type)
	, m_count(0)
	, m_parent(node.get())
	, m_first(null)
	, m_last(null)
{
}

xml_collection::~xml_collection()
{
	clear();
}

ANG_IMPLEMENT_OBJECT_RUNTIME_INFO(xml_collection);
ANG_IMPLEMENT_OBJECT_CLASS_INFO(ang::dom::xml::xml_collection, object, ixml_collection);
ANG_IMPLEMENT_OBJECT_QUERY_INTERFACE(xml_collection, object, ixml_collection, ixml_object, ixml_items);

void xml_collection::clear()
{
	while (pop());
}

xml_type_t xml_collection::xml_type()const
{
	return m_type;
}

bool xml_collection::xml_is_type_of(xml_type_t type)const
{
	return m_type == type || xml_type::collection == type;
}

streams::itext_output_stream_t& xml_collection::xml_print(streams::itext_output_stream_t& stream, const xml_format_t& flag, ushort level)const
{
	switch (m_type)
	{
	case xml_type::attribute_list:
		for (auto it = begin(); it.is_valid(); ++it)
			it->xml_print(stream, flag, level) << L" "_s;
		break;
	case xml_type::element_list:
		for (auto it = begin(); it.is_valid(); ++it)
		{
			if ((flag & xml_format::wrap_text_tab)
				|| (flag & xml_format::wrap_text_space))
				stream << L"\n"_s;
			it->xml_print(stream, flag, level);
		}
		break;
	}
	return stream;
}

xml_node_t xml_collection::xml_parent()const
{
	return m_parent.lock();
}

xml_document_t xml_collection::xml_parent_doc()const
{
	auto parent = xml_parent();
	return parent.is_empty() ? null : parent->xml_parent_doc();
}

xml_node* xml_collection::xml_first()const
{
	return m_first;
}

xml_node* xml_collection::xml_last()const
{
	return m_last;
}

void xml_collection::xml_first(xml_node* node)
{
	if (m_first == node) return;
	auto old = m_first;
	m_first = node;
	if (m_first)m_first->add_ref();
	if (old)old->release();
}

void xml_collection::xml_last(xml_node* node)
{
	if (m_last == node) return;
	auto old = m_last;
	m_last = node;
	if (m_last)m_last->add_ref();
	if (old)old->release();
}

bool xml_collection::push(xml_node_t node, bool last)
{
	if (node.is_empty()
		|| (xml_is_type_of(xml_type::attribute_list) && !node->xml_is_type_of(xml_type::name_space) && !node->xml_is_type_of(xml_type::attribute))
		|| (xml_is_type_of(xml_type::element_list) && !node->xml_is_type_of(xml_type::element) && !node->xml_is_type_of(xml_type::comment) && !node->xml_is_type_of(xml_type::cdata))
		) return false;

	node->xml_parent(m_parent.lock());
	if (last)
	{
		if (xml_first() == null)
		{
			xml_first(node);
			xml_last(node);
		}
		else
		{
			xml_last()->xml_next_sibling(node);
			node->xml_prev_sibling(xml_last());
			xml_last(node);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		if (xml_first() == null)
		{
			xml_first(node);
			xml_last(node);
		}
		else
		{
			xml_first()->xml_prev_sibling(node);
			node->xml_next_sibling(xml_first());
			xml_first(node);
		}
	}
	m_count++;
	return true;
}

bool xml_collection::insert(xml_node_t node, xml_iterator_t at, bool nextTo)
{
	if (node.is_empty()
		|| (xml_is_type_of(xml_type::attribute_list) && !node->xml_is_type_of(xml_type::name_space) && !node->xml_is_type_of(xml_type::attribute))
		|| (xml_is_type_of(xml_type::element_list) && !node->xml_is_type_of(xml_type::element) && !node->xml_is_type_of(xml_type::comment) && !node->xml_is_type_of(xml_type::cdata))
		) return false;

	if (node == null)
		return false;

	if (!at.is_valid() || at.parent() != this)
	{
		return push(node, nextTo);
	}

	if (nextTo && *at == xml_last())
		return push(node, true);

	if (!nextTo && *at == xml_first())
		return push(node, false);

	node->xml_parent(m_parent.lock());
	if (nextTo)
	{
		at->xml_next_sibling(node);
		node->xml_prev_sibling(*at);
	}
	else
	{
		at->xml_prev_sibling(node);
		node->xml_next_sibling(*at);
	}
	m_count++;
	return true;
}

bool xml_collection::pop(xml_node_ptr_t out, bool last)
{
	if (m_count == 0)
		return false;
	if (m_count == 1)
	{
		if (!out.is_empty())
		{
			*out = xml_first();
		}
		xml_first(null);
		xml_last(null);
	}
	else
	{
		xml_node_t temp = null;
		if (last)
		{
			temp = xml_last();
			if (!out.is_empty())
			{
				*out = temp;
			}
			temp->xml_prev_sibling()->xml_next_sibling(null);
			xml_last(temp->xml_prev_sibling());
			temp->xml_prev_sibling(null);
		}
		else
		{
			temp = xml_first();
			if (!out.is_empty())
			{
				*out = temp;
			}
			temp->xml_next_sibling()->xml_prev_sibling(null);
			xml_first(temp->xml_prev_sibling());
			temp->xml_next_sibling(null);
		}
	}
	m_count--;
	return true;
}

bool xml_collection::pop_at(xml_iterator_t it, xml_node_ptr_t out)
{
	if (m_count == 0)
		return false;

	if (it.parent() != this)
		return false;
	if (it.current() == null)
		return false;

	xml_node_t temp = *it;
	if (!out.is_empty())
	{
		*out = temp;
	}

	if (temp->xml_prev_sibling() != null)
		temp->xml_prev_sibling()->xml_next_sibling(temp->xml_next_sibling());

	if (temp->xml_next_sibling() != null)
		temp->xml_next_sibling()->xml_prev_sibling(temp->xml_prev_sibling());

	if (temp == xml_first())
		xml_first(temp->xml_next_sibling());
	if (temp == xml_last())
		xml_last(temp->xml_prev_sibling());

	temp->xml_next_sibling(null);
	temp->xml_prev_sibling(null);

	m_count--;
	return true;
}

wsize xml_collection::counter()const
{
	return m_count;
}

xml_node_t xml_collection::at(const xml_base_iterator_t& it)
{
	if (!counter()) throw(ang::exception_t(except_code::invalid_memory));
	if (it.parent() != this)throw(ang::exception_t(except_code::invalid_param));
	return reinterpret_cast<xml_node*>(it.current());
}

bool xml_collection::increase(xml_base_iterator_t& it)const
{
	if (it.parent() != this || !it.is_valid()) throw(ang::exception_t(except_code::invalid_param));
	it.current(reinterpret_cast<xml_node*>(it.current())->xml_next_sibling());
	if (it.current() == null)
		return false;
	return true;
}

bool xml_collection::increase(xml_base_iterator_t& it, int offset)const
{
	if (it.parent() != this || !it.is_valid()) throw(ang::exception_t(except_code::invalid_param));
	auto node = reinterpret_cast<xml_node*>(it.current());
	int c = 0;
	while (node && c < offset) {
		node = node->xml_next_sibling();
		c++;
	}
	it.current(node);
	if (it.current() == null)
		return false;
	return true;
}

bool xml_collection::decrease(xml_base_iterator_t&it)const
{
	if (it.parent() != this) throw(ang::exception_t(except_code::invalid_memory));
	it.current(reinterpret_cast<xml_node*>(it.current())->xml_prev_sibling());
	if (it.current() == null)
		return false;
	return true;
}

bool xml_collection::decrease(xml_base_iterator_t&it, int offset)const
{
	if (it.parent() != this) throw(ang::exception_t(except_code::invalid_memory));
	auto node = reinterpret_cast<xml_node*>(it.current());
	int c = 0;
	while (node && c < offset) {
		node = node->xml_prev_sibling();
		c++;
	}
	it.current(node);
	if (it.current() == null)
		return false;
	return true;
}

xml_forward_iterator_t xml_collection::begin()
{
	return xml_iterator_t(const_cast<xml_collection*>(this), (xml_node*)xml_first());
}

xml_forward_iterator_t xml_collection::end()
{
	return xml_iterator_t(const_cast<xml_collection*>(this), null);
}

xml_const_forward_iterator_t xml_collection::begin()const
{
	return xml_iterator_t(const_cast<xml_collection*>(this), (xml_node*)xml_first());
}

xml_const_forward_iterator_t xml_collection::end()const
{
	return xml_iterator_t(const_cast<xml_collection*>(this), null);
}

xml_forward_iterator_t xml_collection::last()
{
	return xml_iterator_t(const_cast<xml_collection*>(this), (xml_node*)xml_last());
}

xml_const_forward_iterator_t xml_collection::last()const
{
	return xml_iterator_t(const_cast<xml_collection*>(this), (xml_node*)xml_last());
}

xml_backward_iterator_t xml_collection::rbegin()
{
	return xml_iterator_t(const_cast<xml_collection*>(this), (xml_node*)xml_last());
}

xml_backward_iterator_t xml_collection::rend()
{
	return xml_iterator_t(const_cast<xml_collection*>(this), null);
}

xml_const_backward_iterator_t xml_collection::rbegin()const
{
	return xml_iterator_t(const_cast<xml_collection*>(this), (xml_node*)xml_last());
}

xml_const_backward_iterator_t xml_collection::rend()const
{
	return xml_iterator_t(const_cast<xml_collection*>(this), null);
}

xml_iterator_t xml_collection::find(cstr_t value, bool invert)const
{
	xml_node_t node = null;
	if (invert)
	{
		for (node = xml_last();
			(node != null);
			node = node->xml_prev_sibling()) {
			if ((cstr_t)node->xml_name() == value)
				break;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		for (node = xml_first();
			(node != null);
			node = node->xml_next_sibling()) {
			if ((cstr_t)node->xml_name() == value)
				break;
		}
	}
	return xml_iterator_t(const_cast<xml_collection*>(this), node);
}

xml_iterator_t xml_collection::find(cstr_t value, xml_iterator_t nextTo, bool invert)const
{
	xml_node_t node = null;

	if (nextTo.is_valid() && nextTo.parent() == this)
		node = reinterpret_cast<xml_node*>(nextTo.current());
	if (invert)
	{
		if (node == null)
			node = xml_last();
		for (; (node != null);
			node = node->xml_prev_sibling()) {
			if ((cstr_t)node->xml_name() == value)
				break;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		if (node == null)
			node = xml_first();
		for (; (node != null);
			node = node->xml_next_sibling()) {
			if ((cstr_t)node->xml_name() == value)
				break;
		}
	}
	return xml_iterator_t(const_cast<xml_collection*>(this), node);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Richard Kellaw (auch Kellawe) († 9. Oktober 1316 in Bishop Middleham) war ein englischer Ordensgeistlicher. Ab 1311 war er Bischof von Durham.

Herkunft und Aufstieg zum Bischof
Richard Kellaw entstamme einer Familie mit Landbesitz bei Kelloe, wonach er sich benannte, und Old Park bei Spennymoor im County Durham, andere Mitglieder der Familie waren Bürger von Durham. Seine Eltern hießen vermutlich Thomas und Agnes. Richard trat in den Benediktinerorden ein und wurde Mönch im Kathedralpriorat von Durham. Vor 1300 war er zum zweiten Stellvertreter des Priors aufgestiegen. In dieser Stellung bezeugte er einen Protest der Mönche gegen eine Visitation des Kathedralpriorats durch Bischof Antony Bek. Vor 1302 wurde er Subprior und Generalvikar von Prior Richard Hoton, der sich wegen des Streits mit dem Bischof an der Kurie aufhielt. 1305 wurde Kellaw Prior von Holy Island. Nach dem Tod von Bischof Bek wählten die Mönche des Kathedralpriorats am 31. März 1311 Kellaw zum neuen Bischof. Dabei ignorierten sie den Versuch von König Eduard II., der einen Verwandten seines italienischen Bankiers Antonio Pessagno als Bischof wünschte. Dennoch stimmte der König bereits am 11. April der Wahl zu und übergab Kellaw am 20. Mai 1311 die Temporalien der Diözese Durham. Am 30. Mai wurde Kellaw in York von Erzbischof William Greenfield zum Bischof geweiht und am 4. September in Durham inthronisiert. Die rasche Akzeptanz eines Mönchs als Bischof durch den König zeigt, dass der König wegen des Konflikts mit den Lords Ordainer nicht mehr die uneingeschränkte Kontrolle der Bischofswahlen hatte.

Tätigkeit als Bischof

Tätigkeit im Krieg gegen Schottland
Kellaw stand als Bischof von Durham vor dem Problem, dass im Krieg gegen Schottland die Schotten bei ihren Raubzügen zunehmend weiter nach Nordengland vorstießen. Schon seine Abwesenheit am Konzil von Vienne 1311 wurde mit der Begründung entschuldigt, dass er für die Verteidigung der Grenze zu Schottland verantwortlich war. Auch bei den englischen Parlamenten ließ er sich regelmäßig vertreten, da aufgrund der schottischen Angriffe seine Anwesenheit in Nordengland erforderlich sei. Dabei versuchte er, das County Durham vor Plünderungen zu schützen, in dem er den Schotten hohe Lösegelder zahlte und sich so kurzzeitige Waffenstillstände erkaufte. Richard Marmaduke, sein Verwalter und dazu einer seiner wichtigsten Ratgeber, war auch ein Vasall von Thomas of Lancaster und diente regelmäßig als Unterhändler mit den Schotten über die Höhe der Lösegelder. Als der königliche Favorit Piers Gaveston 1312 von Lancaster und anderen rebellierenden Magnaten in Scarborough Castle in Yorkshire belagert wurde, soll Kellaw ihm Zuflucht verweigert haben. Gaveston wurde gefangen genommen und wenig später nach kurzer Verhandlung hingerichtet. Der erzürnte König soll daraufhin versucht haben, dass Kellaw als Bischof von Durham eine andere Diözese übertragen wurde. Als der König 1314 einen Feldzug nach Schottland führte, musste Kellaw dem König 1000 Mark zahlen und 1500 Mann für das Heer aufbieten. Der Feldzug endete jedoch mit der Niederlage in der Schlacht von Bannockburn. Daraufhin setzten die Schotten ihre Angriffe auf Nordengland fort. Bis zu seinem Tod musste Kellaw Lösegelder an die Schotten zahlen, damit diese seine Diözese nicht plünderten.

Geistliche Tätigkeit
Kellaw erfüllte seine geistlichen Aufgaben als Bischof pflichtbewusst. 1312 erließ er Regeln für die Abhaltung von Diözesansynoden und 1311 versuchte er, eine Visitation durch Northumberland durchzuführen. Diese musste er aber aufgrund der schottischen Überfälle abbrechen. Als ehemaliger Mönch des Kathedralpriorats hatte er zu diesem ein gutes Verhältnis, im November 1314 konnte er eine Visitation des Kathedralpriorats durchführen. Sein Urkundenregister ist das älteste der Diözese, das erhalten geblieben ist. Es weist Priesterweihen, Ablässe, Erlaubnisse für Studien, Darlehen und Geschenke nach. Er starb in einem bischöflichen Gut im County Durham. Nach seinem Tod wurde er, bekleidet mit einem Mönchsgewand und mit der Nachbildung eines Bischofstabs neben ihm, im Kapitelhaus des Kathedralpriorats beigesetzt. Sein steinernes Grabdenkmal wurde später zerstört.

Nachwirkung
Robert Graystane († 1336), ein zeitgenössischer Chronist aus Durham, beschreibt Kellaw als gebildet und als fähigen Verwalter seiner Diözese. Dabei soll er sich seiner Herkunft als Mönch immer bewusst gewesen sein. In seinem Haushalt hätten Mönche die Ämter des Kanzlers, Verwalters und Kaplans bekleidet. Dies steht jedoch in Widerspruch zu der Tatsache, dass William Denum und Robert Brompton, die Kellaw als Kanzler gedient hatten, beide 1310 nicht Mönche des Kathedralpriorats waren. Sein Verwalter Richard Marmaduke war nachweislich kein Geistlicher gewesen. Dagegen scheint die Angabe von Graystane, dass Kellaw auf die Unterstützung seiner Verwandten setzte, zu stimmen. Sein Bruder Patrick Kellaw diente als Kommandant von Norham. Ein Peter Kellaw erhielt 1311 das einträgliche Amt des Rektors von Sedgefield und ein William Kellaw diente als Constable von Durham Castle und als Verwalter des Schatzamts. Das Urkundenregister von Kellaw wurde im 17. Jahrhundert von Durham in die Bodleian Library nach Oxford gebracht, ehe es in das Public Record Office nach London kam. Zwischen 1873 und 1878 wurde es in vier Bänden veröffentlicht.

Literatur
 Thomas Duffuss Hardy (Hrsg.): Registrum palatinum Dunelmense. The Register of Richard de Kellawe, Lord Palatine and Bishop of Durham, 1311–1316. 4 Bände, Cambridge Library Collection, Cambridge 2012, ISBN 978-1-108-04918-4

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Bischof von Durham
Römisch-katholischer Bischof (14. Jahrhundert)
Person in den Schottischen Unabhängigkeitskriegen (England)
Benediktiner
Engländer
Geboren im 13. Jahrhundert
Gestorben 1316
Mann


text:
Q: Expand permutation matrix Let $A$ be a $k$ by $n$ matrix where the rows are permutations of $\{1,2,3,..,n\}$ and in each column all elements are different (i.e columns are subsets of permutations of $\{1,2,3,..,n\}$).
Show that there exists an $n$ by $n$ matrix $B$ such that each row and column is a permutation of $\{1,2,3,..,n\}$ and its first $k$ rows are the rows of $A$.
I can see that this should be an application of Hall's theorem but I'm having trouble choosing the graph.
Thanks.

A: You are right that matchings in a bipartite graph will allow you to find $B$. Here is a hint. Consider the bipartite graph with bipartition $(C,D)$ where $C$ corresponds to the columns of $A$ and $D$ corresponds to the numbers $1,2\ldots,n$. Join column $i$ to number $j$ if $j$ is not found in column $i$. Show that this graph is $n-k$-regular. Now what do you know about matchings in regular bipartite graphs?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


These are beautiful compositions, Aishwarya. Thank you for sharing them. A nice way to start the morning.
You think exceptionally superb about diffetent creations of nature. These shots are amazing.. Have you clicked them here in delhi ??
Thanks a ton 🙂 Yes, most of these are clicked from my roof top 😀 Delhi sky is quite dramatic these days !
Yeah, it is…. I enjoy the rains pretty much. And the pics are well clicked.
Ita empty. It just contains heading of my post 😦 i guess i have to write that again.
That is quite unfortunate friend, generally the entire draft gets saved in trash, happened with me twice but could retrieve..Anyway, no worry take a break and get back to writing the exciting post 🙂 Cheers !
Hmm, thank you. I will.
Coming from someone who already shares the fascination these shots managed to make them more fascinating!. 👏 braava!
Absolutely, and that feeling is unparalleled !
You're quite the cloud whisperer! Not only did I enjoy your lovely photos, but also the title you gave each one.
Thank you Rose, that is very kind of you 🙂 It is fun absorbing the beauty of nature and its hues !
A great set of images, my friend. You must have been viewing my site when the, old log, was posted. Thank you for the, like.
I appreciate your continued interest in Elm Drive Images.
Wow that is a great suggestion ! Thanks a lot sir , I will surely look this up 🙂 It had been on my mind sometime back , can pursue it further now on Bookrix .
I love clouds too. Wonderful pics.
Thank you Sabine 🙂 Hello and regards from India !
Kind of you to follow Elm Drive images on a regular bases.
Peace, Jean E Taddonio San Diego, CA.
I love it, these photos are incredible!
Food…I have heard that if you chase clouds long enough…they will capture you! Thanks for the inspiration!


text:
Annual Best Ideas
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PGIM Fixed Income
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A separate account under a group annuity contract with planned launch date in 2020, this is a commingled vehicle focused on investment grade and high quality, below investment grade private placements in infrastructure.
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Infrastructure has been a primary focus of PGIM Private Capital for decades and an important segment of the private placement market. Our infrastructure segment includes Core (transportation, social, water), Power (renewables, transmission), Energy (pipelines, LNG storage) as well as REITS.
This asset class has high barriers to entry and less cyclicality while offering higher spreads than comparably rated corporate debt.
The fund is only available for investment to qualified U.S. pension plans. Comparable strategies available under individual managed accounts.
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It is for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice or an offer or solicitation in respect of any products or services to any persons who are prohibited from receiving such information under the laws applicable to their place of citizenship, domicile or residence. PGIM, Inc., is the principal asset management business of PFI and is a registered investment advisor with the US Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC). Registration with the SEC does not imply a certain level of skill or training. PGIM is a trading name of PGIM, Inc and its global subsidiaries.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Give your TC-powered 2.7T the crown jewel it deserves with this beautifully-made billet aluminum intake manifold. Precision-machined and welded from 6061 aluminum this super-high flow intake manifold will eliminate any choke point between your high-flowing turbos and where that air will meet it's doom. Your upgrade turbos push two or three times as much air as the factory turbos, why continue to push that air through the intake manifold designed for the tiny K03 factory turbos?
Be warned this part is not for the faint of heart driver, you will hear your turbos wind and roar. All necessary hardware for installation and upgrade fuel rails are included. Fuel injectors and gaskets NOT included.
This product is intended for off-road and track use only.
Currently out of stock, but lock in this low price by buying now! Price will go up once it is stock again.


Since 1989 Camp Treasure Chest has taught children across Nova Scotia through crafts, games and every day camp experiences to take control of and manage their asthma. Campers have the opportunity to meet other children with asthma and participate in fun, educational and physically active adventures while supervised by caring counselors and medical professionals. This year your Lung Association is excited to be partnering again with Brigadoon Village, a non-profit organization that manages a year-round facility used for residential camps for children and youth living with a chronic illness.
For registration questions please contact Sally Banks sally.banks@brigadoonvillage.org or call (902) 422-3387.


text:
Tyne Tees Sunderland University
North East women push for mental healthcare shake-up
ITV Chairman to be honoured by Sunderland University
Sunderland University graduate scoops BAFTA award
University warns older people over binge drinking
Many older people are drinking to a level that is having a long-term impact on their health, even if the damage they are doing is not always immediately apparent.
– Dr Graeme Wilson, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University
Alcohol warning for older people
Sunderland University
Newcastle University calls for new alcohol guidance for older people
Alcohol interventions are not working for older people for many reasons. A lot of those we interviewed said the messages around alcohol were very confusing.
There is a need to develop new approaches to target the older population, for example longer in-home support, tailored information on the risks from alcohol in later life, or health workers with specific training on older people's needs.
We also think the Government really needs to start looking at lowering the recommended limit for alcohol consumption in those over 65.
– Dr Katie Haighton, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University
Age UK reacts to alcohol research
We support the call for clearer guidance and information to be made available in order for Older People to make informed choices about how much Alcohol they consume. Most of the people that approach us are not clear how the body reacts to alcohol as we get older or effects when combined with prescribed medications. GPs sometimes don't explain in detail some of these effects.
This research also shows it is important to have a range of social activities available for older people to alleviate social isolation and as additional support following bereavement or illness.We need to address the social as well as the medical issues this research highlights
– John Briers, Chief Executive of Age UK, South Tyneside
Older drinkers need better alcohol advice
Newcastle University academics have called for changes to the recommended safe levels of drinking for over 65s and for special alcohol advice to be made available for older people.
It follows research from Newcastle and Sunderland Universities looking at why many older people continue to drink to levels which are harmful to their health.
Current recommended safe levels of drinking are 14 units a week for women and 21 for men.
Heavy drinking in this age group is strongly linked with depression and anxiety and longer term health problems. Metabolism is slower in later life, and older people are very likely to take prescribed medicines that can interact with alcohol.
Here's one we made earlier...
Sunderland University is getting a piece of broadcasting history as it installs an iconic Blue Peter set in its media school.
Book to help children with parents in armed forces
When soldiers are away on a tour of duty, it can be a hard time for their families, especially their children.
But help is on the way. A student from Sunderland University has produced a book to help children cope when a parent is away.
Watch Julia Barthram's report here:
Increase in drinking among middle class
A growing number of white-collar workers are drinking too much because of stress, according to researchers at Sunderland University.
They say white collar workers, a term used to describe people who have a professional or managerial-role, are "largely disregarding the harmful health and social effects" of drinking alcohol.
Researchers say middle-class workers who drank at home saw alcohol as a reward for everyday chores after work hours, such as looking after their children and cooking dinner for the family.
They are describing it as a 'middle-class alcohol time-bomb'.
"One of the issues that people tend to focus on in relation to alcohol use is 'problem drinking'. Problem drinking is usually thought of in terms of young people binge drinking in city centres, or people with alcohol dependency.
"However, what is starting to be recognised is that regularly consuming alcohol at lower levels than would cause intoxication is likely to be harmful to health, and that the people that drink most regularly aren't young people, but those who live in households where someone has a managerial or professional job."
– Dr Jonathan Ling, Senior Lecturer in Public Health, University of Sunderland
"Our research showed a common perception among some middle-class groups that regularly drinking at home, particularly wine, is safe and sensible, even though such drinking regularly takes them over the recommended daily guidelines.
"These home drinkers don't see their drinking pattern as problematic, but evidence suggests that such regular drinking will lead to significant health problems later in life, and a major health burden for the NHS."
– Dr Lyn Brierley-Jones, Research Fellow at the University of Sunderland
Sunderland students talk to Pam and Ian about their special Kenyan Sunderland AFC fundraising
A group of students are making a film to highlight how donations from our region to a football team in Kenya has brought life to their village.
The Sunderland university students have been to the village of Karai 4,500 miles away and saw first hand the dramatic changes that have taken place through support for Sunderland AFC Keroche.
The team, who play in old kit donated by Sunderland fans, is now in it's sixth season.
Their good fortune has largely come about because they were spotted on Facebook by Sunderland fan Gary Lamb who wanted to help the penniless club.
The students came into the studio to talk to Pam and Ian about what they have been doing.
Tyne and Wear Karting champion training at Sunderland University
Connor in training at Sunderland University Credit: ITV News Tyne Tees
Connor Toghill, the Tyne and Wear Karting champion, is training at Sunderland University to improve his fitness, stamina, reaction times, balance and flexibility.
The training has knocked a second off his racing lap time.
North East go-karting champion
Full report: Sunderland student shot in Pakistan
A Sunderland student who was shot in the head during a family visit to Pakistan has been told by the surgeons who removed the bullet he is lucky to have survived.
Ummad Farooq believes his family were the target of an extremist group. Watch the full report:
Sunderland student recovering after Pakistan shooting
Sunderland students' film wins bronze at US awards
Katy Mclean's Sunderland University fellowship honour
North East student wins Young Coach of the Year
New centre could mean 650 jobs in Sunderland
Women footballers "give the ball away more" than men


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I took a look at Chrome's memory usage a few minutes ago. I switched back to Chrome last week or so after using Firefox for a while as my default. I didn't have a particularly compelling reason to switch to Chrome from Firefox. I just loaded Chrome and it looked a little cleaner than Firefox and I liked having a simple, effective Instapaper extension in Chrome.
Maybe this bug report isn't really a bug report, its a feature highlight.


Everyone is talking about Billy Sure, the twelve-year-old CEO of Sure Things, Inc. and genius inventor of the All Ball, a ball that turns into different sports balls with the push of a button. Now Billy wants to help other kids achieve their inventing dreams just like he has!
So Billy is hosting an online contest for other kid-inventors to share their inventions, and the winning submission will be produced by his company. Ideas like the Sibling Silencer, No-Wash Socks, and a pencil that does all your work start pouring in. With so many great ideas, how is Billy supposed to pick a winner?
And that's not all. Billy also has to keep the secret that could take him from hero to zero in a flash if anyone found out. Can Billy Sure find a way to stay on top of the world and help other kids achieve their dreams at the same time?
Each book in this series includes Billy's drawings and doodles of inventions and more!


Gnarbox (gnarly name, dude) is a portable solid state hard drive (SSD) that connects to your mobile device via its own local WiFi hotspot. This means you can use it with mobile devices that do not support USB drives, like the iPad. I got my hands on a Gnarbox from B&H Photo to test, and what follows is my experience with it using iOS mobile devices.
Connecting to the Gnarbox is a two-step process. After powering up the Gnarbox, it starts broadcasting its WiFi SSID. You must manually connect your mobile device's WiFi to the Gnarbox network. You can then use the Gnarbox App (available for iOS and Android) on your mobile device to browse images and other files in its directory structure. Gnarbox supports up to 4 simultaneous WiFi connections, so you can use it with others in the field.
The Gnarbox App allows you to browse, copy, and edit images via a mobile device.
Copy images to the Gnarbox using either of the built-in memory card slots or with a card reader in either of the Type A USB ports. There is no "automatic" download option, so you must be sure to connect the Gnarbox to your mobile device before downloading images to it. If speed is your thing, you'll definitely want to transfer images using a fast USB 3 card reader via the blue USB 3 type A port on the Gnarbox. The built-in SD card slots do not support the faster transfer rates that you can get with some card/reader combos.
You can also move images from your mobile device to the Gnarbox, but the process (at least in iOS) is a bit cumbersome. Gnarbox does not access the iOS camera roll directly. Instead, you can copy images from your Photos App to the Gnarbox via the "Share" function.
Gnarbox integrates with the Files App in iOS 11.
Gnarbox integrates with the iOS 11 Files App, and from there you can copy the images to the Gnarbox directory. Currently, one cannot create a new folder from the Files App, but the images are placed into a dated folder in the Gnarbox directory structure. The entire process is a bit cumbersome if you're trying to transfer images from your tablet to the Gnarbox; my guess is that most of these limitations are driven by the fact that the Files App for iOS is still in its infancy.
The Gnarbox is available in either 128 or 256GB configurations. That's not a lot of storage for someone spending a week or more in the field shooting RAW images or videos. Fortunately, you can connect a bus-powered USB hard drive to the Gnarbox via eitherUSB type A port. I was able to successfully connect both a LaCie Rugged 2TB drive and a 2TB Western Digital MyPassport Ultra to the Gnarbox and copy files to them quickly.
Using the USB 3 type B port, you can connect your Gnarbox to a computer to browse its contents. In order to do this, you must first chance the Gnarbox to Mass Storage mode in its preferences. The Gnarbox then mounts directly to your computer via USB.
You can import images to your Lightroom CC catalog directly from Gnarbox using the Files App.
One feature that I really liked about the Gnarbox portable hard drive is that because it is compatible with the iOS Files App, you can browse and import images from the Gnarbox (plus any other connected drives) directly from the Lightroom CC (mobile) App. Simply choose the "Files" option from the Lightroom CC import menu (add photos), and navigate to the Gnarbox directory. Transfer is fairly quick, as Gnarbox uses a fairly robust WiFi broadcast.
In the Gnarbox App, you'll find a special folder called "Favorites" that is essentially a virtual folder. When browsing images in the Gnarbox App, you can mark any file as a favorite with the star icon. These images will then show up in the "All Favorites" in the Gnarbox directory in the iOS Files App. Marking favorites is a great way to perform image triage on the Gnarbox before copying files to your mobile device.
The Gnarbox App also includes a basic RAW editor. In Edit mode, you can adjust exposure, color, contrast, temperature and more. When you edit an image, you can then export a JPEG copy of it to either the Gnarbox directory (in a dated folder) or to the camera roll on your mobile device.
Most of the features I've described so far are very favorable for traveling photographers who need a portable storage system that works with a tablet or smartphone. However, there are some features and limitations that I find particularly challenging.
The Gnarbox battery is rated for 4-6 hours of use. No biggie, when you think about it. But the devil is in the details, and herein lies a major design flaw: You cannot transfer files or connect an external drive to the Gnarbox when it is connected to a power source.
Yes, you read that correctly. The circuitry of the the Gnarbox is such that when you are transferring images (even over WiFi) or powering an external drive, you risk a brownout when connected to external power. This single issue may be my biggest grievance with the Gnarbox portable hard drive. Ideally, I'd like to use the device with external power (such as when I'm in a hotel) and then save the battery for the field when power isn't available.
I have an OWC Envoy Pro enclosure that is home to a 500GB SSD. When I connected it to the Gnarbox, it powered up but wasn't recognized by the Gnarbox App, rendering it useless. Hopefully, support for this drive enclosure will be introduced in a future firmware update.
In an earlier version of the software, my Gnarbox failed to generate thumbnails from my Nikon D750 RAW files. That issue was corrected with the latest App/firmware release.
When you connect to the Gnarbox, you must use it's WiFi network. Unfortunately, Gnarbox does not have a "pass-through" feature to enable Internet connectivity from another WiFi network. Unless your mobile device has a cellular data plan, you can't connect to the Internet while using the Gnarbox.
The Gnarbox portable hard drive is currently only available as 128 or 256GB configurations. That's not a lot of storage given the price-point. For the same price as a 256GB Gnarbox, you can pick up a 1TB portable SSD. Of course, stand-alone drives won't interface with your mobile devices, but either way, Gnarbox is expensive.
Currently, you must connect your Gnarbox to a mobile device in order to transfer images from a memory card. For field backups, I'd really prefer a direct/automatic download feature.
All of the ports on Gnarbox are upside-down!
Okay, this feature is merely an annoyance with me, but when you have the Gnarbox opened, the ports provide a nice little stand. However, all of the USB and even the SD ports are UPSIDE DOWN. That's just poor design, in my opinion.
Most electronics warm up during use, but I've found that the Gnarbox sometimes gets really hot to the touch. I'm skeptical about using the Gnarbox for extended periods in hot conditions. One never knows what happens to electronics at high temperatures.
When I first read the specs for Gnarbox portable hard drive, I was very excited to incorporate it into my iPad Pro based mobile workflow. On paper, it provides almost exactly what a traveling photographer needs: backup, image browsing, and fast interface ports. Unfortunately, the current version of Gnarbox has some serious design limitations that makes me reluctant to recommend it. The small drive capacity, coupled with the inability to use it while it is connected to external power, is a serious drawback. I don't want to run out of storage in the field, and connecting a second external drive is not my idea of traveling light. I'd be all over a 500GB or 1TB version of Gnarbox that allowed me to use it while powered and connect to the Internet via my at-home or hotel WiFi.
On a positive note, Gnarbox is currently developing a second-generation version of the product that will support up to 1TB of storage and includes a USB C (Thunderbolt 3) interface and has direct card transfer support.
Disclosure: I received a complementary test unit from Gnarbox in exchange for an unbiased product review.


text:
IELTS Academic Reading Sample 31 - Going Bananas
Last Updated: Sunday, 13 August 2017 12:24
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1- 13, which are based on Passage 31 below.
Going Bananas
The world's favourite fruit could disappear forever in 10 years' time
The banana is among the world's oldest crops. Agricultural scientists believe that the first edible banana was discovered around ten thousand years ago. It has been at an evolutionary standstill ever since it was first propagated in the jungles of South-East Asia at the end of the last ice age. Normally the wild banana, a giant jungle herb called Musa acuminata, contains a mass of hard seeds that make the fruit virtually inedible. But now and then, hunter- gatherers must have discovered rare mutant plants that produced seedless, edible fruits. Geneticists now know that the vast majority of these soft-fruited I plants resulted from genetic accidents that gave their cells three copies of each chromosome instead of the usual two. This imbalance prevents seeds and pollen from developing normally, rendering the mutant plants sterile. And that is why some scientists believe the world's most popular fruit could be doomed. It lacks the genetic diversity to fight off pests and diseases that are invading the banana plantations of Central America and the smallholdings of Africa and Asia alike.
In some ways, the banana today resembles the potato before blight brought famine to Ireland a century and a half ago. But "it holds a lesson for other crops, too," says Emile Frison, top banana at the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain in Montpellier, France. "The state of the banana," Frison warns, "can teach a broader lesson: the increasing standardisation of food crops round the world is threatening their ability to adapt and survive."
The first Stone Age plant breeders cultivated these sterile freaks by replanting cuttings from their stems. And the descendants of those original cuttings are the bananas we still eat today. Each is a virtual clone, almost devoid of genetic diversity. And that uniformity makes it ripe for diseases like no other crop on Earth. Traditional varieties of sexually reproducing crops have always had a much broader genetic base, and the genes will recombine in new arrangements in each generation. This gives them much greater flexibility in evolving responses to disease - and far more genetic resources to draw on in the face of an attack. But that advantage is fading fast, as growers increasingly plant the same few, high-yielding varieties. Plant breeders work feverishly to maintain resistance in these standardised crops. Should these efforts falter, yields of even the most productive crop could swiftly crash. "When some pest or disease comes along, severe epidemics can occur," says Geoff Hawtin, director of the Rome-based International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
The banana is an excellent case in point. Until the 1950s, one variety, the Gros Michel, dominated the world's commercial banana business. Found by French botanists in Asia in the 1820s, the Gros Michel was by all accounts a fine banana, richer and sweeter than today's standard banana and without the latter's bitter aftertaste when green. But it was vulnerable to a soil fungus that produced a wilt known as Panama disease. "Once the fungus gets into the soil, it remains there for many years. There is nothing farmers can do. Even chemical spraying won't get rid of it," says Rodomiro Ortiz, director of the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture in Ibadan, Nigeria. So plantation owners played a running game, abandoning infested fields and moving to "clean" land - until they ran out of clean land in the 1950s and had to abandon the Gros Michel. Its successor, and still the reigning commercial king, is the Cavendish banana, a 19th-century British discovery from southern China. The Cavendish is resistant to Panama disease and, as a result, it literally saved the international banana industry. During the 1960s, it replaced the Gros Michel on supermarket shelves. If you buy a banana today, it is almost certainly a Cavendish. But even so, it is a minority in the world's banana crop.
Half a billion people in Asia and Africa depend on bananas. Bananas provide the largest source of calories and are eaten daily. Its name is synonymous with food. But the day of reckoning may be coming for the Cavendish and its indigenous kin. Another fungal disease, black Sigatoka, has become a global epidemic since its first appearance in Fiji in 1963. Left to itself, black Sigatoka - which causes brown wounds on leaves and premature fruit ripening - cuts fruit yields by 50 to 70 per cent and reduces the productive lifetime of banana plants from 30 years to as little as 2 or 3. Commercial growers keep black Sigatoka at bay by a massive chemical assault. Forty sprayings of fungicide a year is typical. But despite the fungicides, diseases such as black Sigatoka are getting more and more difficult to control. "As soon as you bring in a new fungicide, they develop resistance," says Frison. "One thing we can be sure of is that black Sigatoka won't lose in this battle." Poor farmers, who cannot afford chemicals, have it even worse. They can do little more than watching their plants die. "Most of the banana fields in Amazonia have already been destroyed by the disease," says Luadir Gasparotto, Brazil's leading banana pathologist with the government research agency EMBRAPA. Production is likely to fall by 70 per cent as the disease spreads, he predicts. The only option will be to find a new variety.
But how? Almost all edible varieties are susceptible to the diseases, so growers cannot simply change to a different banana. With most crops, such a threat would unleash an army of breeders, scouring the world for resistant relatives whose traits they can breed into commercial varieties. Not so with the banana. Because all edible varieties are sterile, bringing in new genetic traits to help cope with pests and diseases is nearly impossible. Nearly, but not totally. Very rarely, a sterile banana will experience a genetic accident that allows an almost normal seed to develop, giving breeders a tiny window for improvement. Breeders at the Honduran Foundation of Agricultural Research have tried to exploit this to create disease-resistant varieties. Further back-crossing with wild bananas yielded a new seedless banana resistant to both black Sigatoka and Panama disease.
Neither Western supermarket consumers nor peasant growers like the new hybrid. Some accuse it of tasting more like an apple than a banana. Not surprisingly, the majority of plant breeders have till now turned their backs on the banana and got to work on easier plants. And commercial banana companies are now washing their hands of the whole breeding effort, preferring to fund a search for new fungicides instead. "We supported a breeding programme for 40 years, but it wasn't able to develop an alternative to the Cavendish. It was very expensive and we got nothing back," says Ronald Romero, head of research at Chiquita, one of the Big Three companies that dominate the international banana trade.
Last year, a global consortium of scientists led by Frison announced plans to sequence the banana genome within five years. It would be the first edible fruit to be sequenced. Well, almost edible. The group will actually be sequencing inedible wild bananas from East Asia because many of these are resistant to black Sigatoka. If they can pinpoint the genes that help these wild varieties to resist black Sigatoka, the protective genes could be introduced into laboratory tissue cultures of cells from edible varieties. These could then be propagated into new disease-resistant plants and passed on to farmers.
It sounds promising, but the big banana companies have, until now, refused to get involved in GM research for fear of alienating their customers. "Biotechnology is extremely expensive and there are serious questions about consumer acceptance," says David McLaughlin, Chiquita's senior director for environ- mental affairs. With scant funding from the companies, the banana genome researchers are focusing on the other end of the spectrum. Even if they can identify the crucial genes, they will be a long way from developing new varieties that smallholders will find suitable and affordable. But whatever biotechnology's academic interest, it is the only hope for the banana. Without it, banana production worldwide will head into a tailspin. We may even see the extinction of the banana as both a lifesaver for hungry and impoverished Africans and the most popular product on the world's supermarket shelves.
Complete the sentences below with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.
1. Banana was first eaten as a fruit by humans almost ........................... years ago.
2. Banana was first planted in ...........................
3. Wild banana's taste is adversely affected by its ...........................
Look at the statements (Questions 4-10) and the list of people. Match each statement with the correct person A-F.
Write the correct letter A-F in boxes 4-10 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
4. A pest invasion may seriously damage banana industry.
5. The effect of fungal infection in soil is often long-lasting.
6. A commercial manufacturer gave up on breeding bananas for disease-resistant
7. Banana disease may develop resistance to chemical sprays.
8. A banana disease has destroyed a large number of banana plantations.
9. Consumers would not accept genetically altered crops.
10. Lessons can be learned from bananas for other crops.
A. Rodomiro Ortiz
B. David McLaughlin
C. Emile Frison
D. Ronald Romero
E. Luadir Gasparotto
F. Geoff Hawtin
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 31?
In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet write
11. Banana is the oldest known fruit.
12. Gros Michel is still being used as a commercial product.
13. Banana is the main food in some countries.
1. ten thousand
2. South-East Asia
3. hard seeds
4. F
6. D
8. E
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rating 2.56 (16 Votes)
Don 1 month 7 days
How is the answer to question 13 'True'?
How is the answer to question 13 'True'? It should be 'Not Given', shouldn't it?
Akbar 11 months 9 days
Mine is 11/13 in 21 minutes.
Zaineah 1 year 8 months
1. ten thousand2. South-East Asia3. hard seeds4. F5. A6. D7. C8. E9. B10. C11. NOT GIVEN12. FALSE13. TRUE.
Nastaran Ehsani 2 years 8 months
Thank you. My answers are similar.
Eleftheria 2 years 10 months
Could you please send me the answers via my email? Thank you.
Lama 3 years 1 month
Answer please :(
Asami 3 years 7 months
These are my answers: fall,growth,res ults,operating costs,recogniti on, A,B,C,A,B.
Enna 3 years 7 months
Answers please. :'(
Kelly 3 years 8 months
Can you please email me the answers? Or place the answers in the comments above? Thanks.


text:
HomeBig DataAverting the food crisis and restoring environmental balance with data-driven regenerative agriculture
Averting the food crisis and restoring environmental balance with data-driven regenerative agriculture
Modern agriculture relies extensively on chemical fertilizers, and degrades the soil.
Image: Derek Poore
What could Unilever and Vandana Shiva possibly have in common? Unilever is one of the 10 companies controlling almost every large food and beverage brand in the world. Shiva is a world-renowned environmental leader and recipient of the 1993 Alternative Nobel Peace Prize (the Right Livelihood Award).
Shiva has a history of actively opposing the commodification and appropriation of natural resources for the benefit of corporate interests. Unilever is at the heart of the international corporate web.
Shiva, a prolific author, just published her latest book: "Agroecology and Regenerative Agriculture: Sustainable Solutions for Hunger, Poverty, and Climate Change". Unilever, whose products need around 4 million hectares of land to grow the raw materials for, recently published a new set of regenerative agriculture principles.
There has to be something about regenerative agriculture. Let's take a look at what it is and why it's important, what the data tells us about it, and how analytics and AI may help going forward.
Conventional agriculture is part of the problem
The equation "Healthy Soil = Healthy Food = Healthy People" is attributed to J.I. Rodale. Rodale was an entrepreneur from New York City who struggled with health problems all his life. In 1940, he bought a rundown farm in Pennsylvania and began to experiment with a way of growing food without chemicals that he coined "organic." There, he founded the Soil and Health Foundation in 1947, which today is known as the Rodale Institute.
According to the Rodale Institute, Robert Rodale, J.I. Rodale's son, coined the term "regenerative organic" to distinguish a kind of farming that goes beyond sustainable. Regenerative agriculture is about going beyond sustainability — not only maintaining resources, but improving them. That may seem like a tall order in a world where even sustainability pledges are not being met. However, it is essential for a number of reasons.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), about a third of the world's soil has already been degraded. Unless new approaches are adopted, the global amount of arable and productive land per person in 2050 will be only a quarter of the level in 1960, the FAO reported, due to growing populations and soil degradation.
Experts identify the causes of soil destruction to include chemical-heavy farming techniques, deforestation which increases erosion, and global warming. Herein lies a paradox: Populations depend on agriculture for food, but the agricultural practices applied lead to soil destruction, which leads to food insecurity.
In 2014, estimates were that 30 soccer fields of soil were lost every minute, mostly due to intensive farming. That trend does not seem to have been reversed — on the contrary. Add to this the COVID-induced supply chain disruption, and the impact of the war in Ukraine and related sanctions are expected to have on agricultural supply, chemical fertilizers and pest-control substance availability, and you begin to get the picture.
But that's not all. Soils play a key role in absorbing carbon and filtering water, which seems more fitting and efficient compared to attempts at technological solutions. Soil destruction creates a vicious cycle, in which less carbon is stored, the world gets hotter, and the land is further degraded. If current rates of degradation continue, all of the world's top soil could be gone within 60 years, according to FAO estimates.
More: Self-driving robots key to future of our food
The principles of regenerative agriculture
If addressing issues such as food security and climate change does not mean much to you, then how about improved financial outcomes? Research indicates that regenerative agriculture has the potential to improve soil health, restore biodiversity, contribute to farm profitability, reduce pollution from agrichemicals, and improve resilience.
Mitchell Hora would attest to that. Hora is a seventh-generation farmer, whose family has been farming some 700 acres of corn, soybeans, and rye in Iowa for the last 150 years. Hora is also the founder of soil health and data company Continuum Ag, which he claims can help farmers save more than $100 per acre.
Artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, drones, precision agriculture, robots, and more are critical to stemming a food shortage crisis.
"We are helping farmers to implement regenerative agriculture systems at scale, and be risk-averse in doing so. Making sure that they don't screw things up, they don't lose yield, they don't lose money, and they have the resources they need to be successful and to improve their profitability.
By implementing regenerative agriculture systems, we can create a lot of really positive environmental outcomes as well, like improving our carbon footprint, improving our water quality impact, and mitigating flooding," Hora said.
Hora sees regenerative agriculture as something that emerged out of what he calls the soil health movement; the continual implementation of the principles of soil health. So what are the principles of soil health?
First, minimize disturbance of the soil. Minimize the application of chemicals, and minimize tillage to maintain armor on the soil. Second, keeping the crop residue to maintain soil moisture and protect against erosion. The third principle is maintaining living roots.
Hora offered the example of corn crops. Corn is planted in April or May, and then it's harvested in September, October, maybe November. In the period from October till the next April, typically there's nothing growing in those fields, as they are laying bare. In regenerative agriculture the idea is to have cover crops at all times, potentially integrating perennial crops too.
The fourth regenerative agriculture principle is fostering diversity instead of monocultures: instead of growing only corn or only soybeans or only wheat, try to get more diverse crops growing throughout the season and over time.
The fifth principle is to integrate livestock. This mimics the natural prairie and the buffalo, by having livestock deposit organic matter to stimulate biological activity. Last but not least, Hora said, the sixth principle is that all of these practices and all of these systems need to be integrated into the proper context — it's not a one size fits all.
More: A lesson from AgTech: How Bushel is digitizing farming without disrupting it
Measuring benefits
This is quite a departure from conventional agriculture; Hora claims it can lead to a 25% to 50% reduction in the need for fertilizer. Plus, the quality of the product with regenerative agriculture is significantly better, as protein and the other quality metrics in the crop are improved.
"It's just mimicking Mother Nature. It's just getting back to balance, because in our current agricultural system, we've really thrown off the balance. We've over-applied fertilizer, and that throws things on whack and causes issues like water quality problems.
We've done too much tillage, which incorporates too much oxygen into the soil and overstimulates the microbes, and then they burn up the carbon that is there. They eat it and they respire it back out, and we lose a lot of that carbon, a lot of that organic matter. That's why agriculture today is actually 12% of the US carbon footprint and about 15% of the global carbon footprint.
And a lot of that comes because most farms are utilizing tillage and that releases too much carbon. If you don't have a living plant out there to capture that carbon, it goes up into the atmosphere, it causes issues. And so we're able to better capture that CO2 and cycle it. Because carbon is actually the most needed element to produce a crop," Hora said.
Technology and nature do not have to be at odds, according to Continuum Ag
We asked Hora for his take on specific metrics to quantify the impact of regenerative agriculture. That's the ultimate question, but one for which a solid answer does not really exist at this point, Hora said. There's no industry standard for defining soil health, although the principles Hora laid out seem to converge with Unilever's approach.
Many companies are looking to quantify regenerative outcomes, and especially to quantify carbon footprint. Hora thinks a good place to start is to quantify more basic metrics coming from the soil. Step number one is quantifying biological activity, which can be done by measuring the amount of soil respiration and measure the CO2 that's coming out of the soil:
"Microbes essentially utilize oxygen through their respiration process, kind of breathe in oxygen just like we do, and they breathe out CO2 just like we do. And we can actually capture that CO2 and quantify it in a lab analysis or in other sensors. And the more CO2, the more active the microbial activity in the soil is. And the more active microbial activity, the more resilient [the soil is], the less dependent we have to be on synthetic fertilizers," Hora said.
Hora also likes to quantify the organic nutrients in the soil, like organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus. Other metrics include the solid form of carbon in the soil, which is important for carbon markets, and water infiltration, which reflects the degree to which rainfall or irrigation stays in the soil.
Scaling regenerative agriculture with data
Continuum Ag uses those metrics in its platform called TopSoil. As Hora was helping farmers utilize a new soil health tool called the Haney Soil Health Test to better manage their fertility and make better decisions, he built up a really large data set. Thus, a system to manage data and provide insights was needed.
TopSoil maps out soil health metrics. It maps out fields and combines farmer data with other datasets (e.g. governmental) to run spatial variability analysis. The platform utilizes machine learning and algorithms to evaluate the spatial variance within a farm's operation. From that variability assessment, it provides zones to map out the different variable areas within the field. Based on that, fertilizer recommendations are provided.
Those recommendations result in the ability to decrease fertilizer to the tune of $106 an acre on average, Hora said. Continuum Ag is the only one who works with the Haney Soil Health Test, and they charge $10 per acre, he went on to add.
TopSoil also includes farmer management practices: farmers fill out a profile on the platform, provide information on their management practices on their farm, and Continuum Ag helps them change their practices to be more sustainable and integrate the regenerative agriculture principles.
Hora believes that going forward, more data points coming from sensors will be integrated. He thinks that's the future, and said the platform is ready for it. At the moment, however, the best tool to use is a shovel. That's what people use to take soil samples. Continuum Ag works with a global network of over 400 agronomists who can help.
TopSoil is used across 36 States in the US and 15 countries internationally. Continuum Ag is among the pioneers, as regenerative agriculture systems like cover crops are only utilized on 4% of US crop ground and no till is only used on about 30% of US crop ground today, Hora said. But that's changing, as there is growing interest.
The 1000 Farms Initiative from the Ecdysis Foundation is one of the largest projects to date to gather data on agricultural management practices, soil and water health, biodiversity, and profits on more than 1,000 farms and ranches. And startups developing biological inputs for crops raised just over $892 million worldwide last year, according to preliminary data from AgFunder.
"The knowledge that's been passed on to most farmers today is the traditional way of doing things. And a lot of the information coming from universities or large agriculture companies is pretty outdated. We almost have to unlearn and relearn a lot of these things.
"It's a minority of farmers that are practicing regenerative agriculture today, but a large group now needs to come this direction. They see it, they're being pressured to be more sustainable, and those farmers need help. Through data and our platform, we're scaling our ability to work with those farmers, and we're working with large enterprise customers to take our systems to a larger scale.
"We also need a lot more consumers and supply chain companies and financial institutions and such. We need those folks coming to the table as well to enable this to scale. It takes a long time to turn a massive ship like agriculture, but we are moving in the right direction and there's a really bright future ahead for this space," Hora said.
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For the first time in over 20 years, there will be considerable changes in the way nonprofit organizations are required to prepare and present financial statements. On August 18th, 2016, The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting standards Update (ASU) 2016-14, Not-for-Profit Entities (Topic 958), Presentation of Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Entities.
The goal behind the update is to help nonprofits tell their financial story more effectively, make financial statements more useful to readers and provide more consistency between reporting organizations. John Alfonso gave a detailed presentation of the ASU at INNOVATE this year. You can read an overview of his presentation here and download his presentation slides here.
In this post, I'll share with you a few slides from my upcoming presentation at this year's Intacct Advantage conference. My goal is to condense the key facets of this important update to help you make sure your nonprofit is prepared for the coming changes.
The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. These amendments should also be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. Your nonprofit can elect to adopt these changes earlier if you wish.
If your nonprofit presents comparative financial statements, you are allowed to leave out the following information for any periods presented before the year you adopt the ASU.
What Are the ASU's Primary Changes?
You can present the net assets with donor restrictions as separate lines right on the statement of financial position or in the notes to the financial statements.
Your Nonprofit must now report expenses by both nature and function. This report can be included as part of the Statement of Activities, as a separate statement, or in the note disclosures. Disclosures should include methods used to allocate costs between programs and supporting activities. You should provide disclosures about methods used to allocate costs among program and support functions.
When reporting investments, your nonprofit should present the NET of all investment-related expenses both internal and external. This should be presented on the face of the statement of activities. You no longer have to disclose netted amounts (except for the disclosure of the amount of internal salaries and benefits that have been presented net against investment return).
Nonprofits must communicate the status of liquidity and the availability of funds within one year of your Statement of Financial Position's date.
Nonprofits must also express the availability of unrestricted liquid assets as of the date of the statement of Financial Position to meet operating cash needs within one year of the statement date.
For your nonprofit's cash flow statement, select whether you'd like to use the Direct or Indirect method. If you select the Direct Method, the indirect reconciliation is no longer required. Here are what the two methods would look like side-by-side.
If you would like a thorough overview of the new ASU, make sure you check out John Alfonso's recent post. You can also visit FASB.org for sample statements and disclosures in the ASU, along with implementation guidance and illustrations. Another great way to gain an understanding of the changes is to access the official ASU and read the "Summary" and "Basis for Conclusions" sections at the beginning and end of the document.
In order to stay up-to-date, we recommend signing up for electronic alerts from the FASB, listening FASB webcasts and reviewing financial statements of other large nonprofits who adopt the changes early. We wish you the best of luck in your adoption of ASU 2016-14. Don't hesitate to reach out with any questions. JMT is here to help!


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Local news for 'Hawaii':
Ige pledged to end homelessness in Hawaii by 2020. What happened? - Hawaii News Now
Ige pledged to end homelessness in Hawaii by 2020. What happened? Hawaii News Now
Southwest Airlines widens Hawaii flight links to Bay Area this month - The Mercury News
Southwest Airlines widens Hawaii flight links to Bay Area this month The Mercury News
Latest Hawaii news, sports, business and entertainment at 1:20 a.m. HAST - Hawaii News Now
Latest Hawaii news, sports, business and entertainment at 1:20 a.m. HAST Hawaii News Now
The U.S. State Department said on Saturday it had imposed sanctions on a general of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps who commanded units blamed for a massacre of protesters in November. The U.S. State Department has said previously it had received videos of the Revolutionary Guards opening fire without warning on protesters in Mahshahr county in southwest Iran.
French police fired tear gas under a rain of projectiles and arrested dozens of people on Saturday as thousands of "yellow vest" anti-government protesters returned to the streets of Paris. Demonstrators shouted slogans denouncing the police, President Emmanuel Macron and his pension reforms that have triggered the longest French transport strike in decades. The night before Macron and his wife Brigitte had to be rushed briefly from a Paris theatre after protesters tried to burst in and disrupt the performance.
National Archives apologizes for blurring picture of anti-Trump Women's March signs
The Archives said the photo was "not an archival record" and was instead a photo used as a promotional graphic for an exhibit on women's suffrage.


text:
Sóvé (szerbül Равно Село / Ravno Selo, németül Schowe) település Szerbiában, a  Vajdaságban, a Dél-bácskai körzetben, Verbász községben, Verbásztól délre.

Sóvé két település összeolvadásával jött létre, ezek Ósóvé (németül Alt-Schowe) és Újsóvé (németül Neu-Schowe). Ósóvé szerb többségű volt, a németek száma 20% körül mozgott, Újsóvé pedig tiszta német település volt. Az ósóvéi szerbek ortodox vallásúak voltak, templomuk ma is áll. A németek evangélikusok és reformátusok voltak, mindkét felekezetnek az újsóvéi részen épült fel a temploma. Ezeknek ma már nyomuk sincs, mert mindkettőt a föld színével tették egyenlővé az 1940-es évek végén, amikor deportálták innen a német lakosságot.

Népesség

Demográfiai változások

Etnikai összetétel

Jegyzetek

További információk
  Bács-Bodrog vármegye Bács-Bodrog vármegye községei, Ósóvé, I. kötet, 133–134. oldal; Újsóvé, I. kötet, 173. oldal

A Dél-bácskai körzet települései


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SETUIX.COM
The Technological Divide
Home Apple WWDC 2014 – Round-up
30 June, 2014 By Damian de Costa
WWDC 2014 – Round-up
Just this month, Apple hosted their annual Worldwide Developer's Conference, and ultimately shook the world of tech-heads across the globe. The conference is usually used to show off and present new software to the world, but this year, in addition to previewing iOS 8 and OS X 10.10, they also had some big things in for developers. In this article, we will briefly go over the happenings in the technology world, and inform on what exactly is going on.
To start off, iOS 8. The eight major instalment of their mobile operating system comes just one year after the iconic and game-changing iOS 7. iOS 7 was a major and unique overhaul in user interface and design for iOS, and although iOS 8 does not feature another dramatic new look, it does come with some handy new features.
One thing Apple emphasizes through their products is the stressed importance — er, the benefits, rather, — that come with having the complete Apple lineup. To do this, they add in additional features and perks available strictly to those that have iPads, MacBooks, and iPhones. Sorry, if you still have a PC, but have an iPad, you will undoubtedly miss out and not experience all of what iOS 8 has to offer. For those of us who have invested in the Cupertino based technology, there is certainly a lot of benefit to be had. The biggest feature iOS 8 has to offer is one of those benefits, called Continuity, and Handoff.
With Handoff, you will be allowed to write up an email on your Mac, and pick up your phone to complete the message, without ever skipping a beat. With Continuity, it is possible to be browsing your favourite website, and when in need of switching to your phone or tablet, you can pick it up, and it will automatically go to where you left off on your Mac. This, along with some overall improvements in a facet of areas in iOS 8, the eight edition is looking to be nothing huge per say, but a solid upgrade.
For Mac OS X 10.10, the name is now Yosemite. OS X 10.10 likely received the biggest and most exciting new line-up of features. The boys and girls in Cupertino gave their operating system and improved and sleek new user interface, with redesigned icons and new system fonts. Likely to please those who aren't too concerned with heavy usage of their Macbook, it is surely a nice touch and a new thing we have yet to see in an OS X upgrade. Outside of that, Yosemite offers tons of new exciting features such as Airdrop with iOS devices, the ability to email attachments up to 5 GB in size, and an all-new new iCloud Drive, where suers will be able to upload any kind of file and access it on any iOS or Mac devices they are signed in to or own.
The implementation of this directly into the raw operating system will likely cause a shift in Mac users from using third-party, more expensive services such as Dropbox and Google Drive. OS X Yosemite will also have an amazing new feature called Continuity, and Handoff. These two features make switching between your iPad or iPhone to your Mac seamless. With the ability to pick up exactly where you left off, whether you were in the middle of typing up an email, editing a spreadsheet, or typing a document on your Mac, you can pick up on your iPad just by swiping up on the lock screen and your iOS device picks up exactly where you left off. Another extension of this feature is the new ability to make, and even take phone calls on your Mac. By seamlessly connecting with your iPhone, your Mac will now have the ability to take those calls, even if your iPhone is at home charging and you're still at the office.
Lastly, the developers had a lot to be satisfied with. Apple introduced a brand new programming language, named Swift. The advantages of using Swift is its condensed coding, better performance on iOS & Mac devices, and the simplicity of the language. Developers will also be able to take better advantage of 3D graphics in their apps, with a new feature named Metal being a part of the 3D rendering process, which aims to better the performance on devices. With Swift, an upgraded compiler, and better performance on iOS devices, plus the expected processor upgrades for devices that debut this fall, things should be phenomenal.
In all, Apple released a plethora of key new upgrades for their users. Beta versions are already out, but final releases of everything will occur this fall. Expect some new hardware in the fall as well, and we will be sure to inform you of such upon début.
Filed Under: Apple Tagged With: iOS, WWDC
About Damian de Costa
I'm the founder of Setuix Solutions. I'm also a tech junkie with a passion for reading and gaming. Debian user that has given up on Windows and a huge heavy metal fan with a knack of breaking things.
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