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Namibia's 21st Century foreign relations perspective
Posted by Guest Writer | Feb 23, 2022 | Columnist
By Shivute Kaapanda [Think Tank Africa]
As Dr. Anton Bosl would point out that Namibia is neither geographically nor politically an island or otherwise isolated but rather an integral part of the Southern African Region, an active member of the African Union (AU) and a sovereign member state within the international community.
It's from this perspective that one would come to understand Namibian politics of independence and interdependence especially taking into account the pre-independence, independence and the post-independence era.
Namibia has always been embedded in social, historic, economic and political relations and interactions with its neighbours in the region and beyond. Foreign relations as an affair of international politics have always impacted on every citizen life because it determines the sustainability of the country and the economic perspectives of its citizens.
In educating Namibian citizens on international politics, it's therefore relevant to reflect on the country's foreign relations in order to gain a wider understanding. With the introduction of the concept of nation-states and democracy as it were in the past, through international influence Namibia became a nation-state even prior to independence from former apartheid South Africa.
The former colonial powers had determined the history, status and the management of Namibia's foreign affairs, its norms, values and interests as well as strategic objectives.
Namibia gained its sovereignty during a global epoch when hardly any challenge could be resolved anymore by countries acting unilaterally.
It's therefore to be understood from this perspective that those preaching about independence based solely on the "barrel-of a gun narrative" are shallow political animals trying to survive on cheap political rhetoric, although the role of the barrel of a gun with regard to Namibia's independence cannot however be ruled out entirely.
As an independent state represented by a government with authority over a territory and its population, with the capacity to enter into and maintain relations with other sovereign states and supranational organizations, the package of international relations came and was shaped by former colonial powers.
The existence of the current international order was mainly shaped by the Second World War. Namibia's foreign relations and the principles, policies and formulations on which those relations depend have been shaped significantly by the diplomatic and the armed struggle to achieve political independence.
South African historian Chris Saunders clearly pointed out on Namibia's pre-independence diplomacy focusing on Namibia's formal diplomatic activities by Namibians between 1945 until 1990. Saunders reminds us about the petitioning of Namibian traditional leaders before 1945 at the League of Nations, the forerunner to the United Nations (UN), in Geneva.
Namibia's pre-independence diplomacy was formative for its foreign policy as well as foreign relations in the post-independence period by providing identity as an element of political continuity and a firm foundation for its international standing.
It's obvious that the drafting and crafting of the Namibian Constitution as a supreme law, its content and character bows down to international standards set by former colonizers.
Despite the 1990 independence the colonial powers still have much say in the Namibian economy and politics for as long as Namibia remain a child of the international community, a reality we cannot ignore nor live without.
Namibia's former colonizers which also happen to be the new-colonizers have dismally shaped the strategic outlook of the country's international relations.
Namibia's (via SWAPO) historic diplomatic relations with China (via China's Communist Party), the relationship between SWAPO with UNITA during the liberation struggle and later with MPLA, SWAPO's relationship with the ANC of South Africa, ZANU-PF of Zimbabwe, and the persistent diplomatic efforts by SWAPO leaders which led to the adoption of the UN Security Council Resolution 435 in 1978 which via UNTAG paved way for independence in 1990 have all influenced our foreign policies and ultimately Namibia's international/foreign relations.
Namibia is standing on a decades-old strong foundation of international relations which in many cases has strong influence on domestic policies, such as in the adoption of bad policies on the economy and the perpetuation of inequality.
We really have a lot to do if Namibia has to change its foundation on foreign/international relations and ultimately find the true sovereignty that would make our government serve its people without fear or favour.
– Shivute Kaapanda is a pan-African writer, local philosopher, columnist and author of the book 'The Conscious Republic' published in 2020. iskaapanda@gmail.com
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On Nov. 5, 2017 at 2217 E503 responded to a hydrant hit by a car. Arrival on scene revealed that a work van ran over the hydrant and broke off the stem causing water to quickly start filling the street. PWC Public Service Authority was called and they quickly came out and shut off the water. Afterwards E503's crew helped cordon off the area to make sure no one fell into the newly formed sink hole caused by the water pressure.


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Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Health among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in the United States
Nsibiet Edet, university of lynchburgFollow
Professor Thomas Colletti, DHSc, MPAS, PA-C
This article aims to review the impact of the coronavirus pandemic among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the United States and how to remedy the situation.
A PubMed, Cochrane library Google Scholar literature search was conducted with search terms that included Coronavirus, SARS-Cov-2, the impact of COVID-19, mental health issues among healthcare workers. Sixteen pertinent articles were retrieved and served as the basis for this clinical review.
Findings indicate that direct exposure to SARS-CoV-2 patients was the most common risk factor identified for all mental health outcomes among healthcare workers except occupational burnout.
The Coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of HCWs. Healthcare workers have continued to provide care for patients despite exhaustion, personal risk of infection, fear of transmission to family members, illness or death of friends and colleagues, and the loss of many patients. Sadly, healthcare workers have also faced many often-avoidable sources of stress shifts combined with unprecedented population restrictions, including personal isolation, which have affected individuals' ability to cope. There is an urgent need for health psychology research on the immediate and long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 on HCWs.
Edet N. Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Health among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in the United States. Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science. 2021; 4(1).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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200 Word RPG Challenge Entry: Carfax Abbey
May 27, 2017 by Keith
Here's my other entry for the 200 Word RPG Challenge…
Carfax Abbey
by Keith Garrett
Do you love aristocratic family drama but feel it needs more bloodsuckers? Or do you fancy gothic horror but believe it would be improved with the addition of servants and scandals? Then mash them together in the setting for this gothic aristocratic vampire drama: Carfax Abbey.
Set at Count Dracula's English residence, the game asks players to imagine Dracula (and associated characters) as part of a family of nobles—or their servants.
Players choose characters from those featured in either Dracula or a beloved period drama. Mix them up! See how Renfield would do as the resident cook, or picture the family matriarch as one of Dracula's brides.
The GM then presents the players with a situation inspired by both sources. Some stories can come from one source, some from the other, but the really fun ones will likely be a blend. Sure, Dracula knows how to handle a group of hunters arriving to stake him—but what will he do when the chauffeur gets his granddaughter pregnant? How will the butler handle things when visitors from Transylvania show up and turn out to be messy, bloody eaters?
Players then resolve the story with dialogue, drama, scandal, and horror.
(Also available on the 200 Word RPG Challenge website.)
Categories ContestsLeave a comment
200 Word RPG Challenge Entry: #Resist
Now that the contest is over, I wanted to share my own entries. Here's my first…
Everyone chooses a different type of Resister made up of an adjective/noun combination, such as Veteran Activist, Socialist Politician, Social Media Warrior, or Newly Woke.
Choose one player to start as the Mouthpiece. Instead of playing her Resister this round, the Mouthpiece invents an Order: some harmful law, executive order, or other legislation. The Mouthpiece can announce the Order as she likes, such as a line from a bill, a quote from the Press Secretary, or a tweet from the President.
Then, each Resister states what their character would do to oppose the Order.
Next, the Resisters state what their character would do to conflict with the stated efforts of one other Resister. This conflict could be spun as intentional or unintentional.
Finally, the Mouthpiece states which Resister's action stymied, impeded, or annoyed the Administration the most. Similar to the Order announcement, this response might come as a pundit's rant, a midnight tweet, or an SNL parody.
Continue play for a predetermined number of rounds (switching the Mouthpiece role each round). The winner is the player with the most successful resistance.
Alternatively, the game may end when a simple majority of players agree that we are all screwed.
Winners of the 200 Word RPG Challenge
The three winning entries in the 200 Word RPG Challenge have been announced. Here they are in alphabetical order (because there's no first/second/third place for this contest):
MECHANICAL ORYX by Grant Howitt
Memories by Santiago Eximeno
Route Clearance by Andrew Millar
Congrats to the winners! I also recommend reading the other finalists, which made up 28 out of the nearly 700 (!) submissions.
200 Word RPG Challenge
April 21, 2017 by Keith
I'm working on a 200-word roleplaying game. And so are lots of other people!
The 200 Word RPG Challenge is a pretty casual contest where anyone can submit up to two bite-sized RPGs. Organized by David Schirduan and Marshall Miller, the contest encourages creativity and judges only content, not formatting. Submissions must be in plain text, with no art or fancy layout involved.
The contest website contains all the entries from the past two years, and you can already start reading the submissions that have come in for this year.
Prizes for the three winners include free graphic design, artwork, and layout for the winning RPGs; mentions on two gaming podcasts, inclusion in a gaming fanzine; and copies of a few RPGs. And two of the judges are Jef and Jon, the hosts of one of my favorite gaming podcasts: System Mastery!
The submission period is open now and runs through this weekend (closing at the end of April 23).
Wish me luck on my submission (or, if I'm being optimistic, submissions). It might be difficult, fitting something that could be called an RPG into the exact length of this post.
If you submit something, let me know!
Product Release: "Project Infinite Hole" for Paranoia
Kickstarting Now: Rest in Pieces
Kickstarting Now: Project Infinite Hole for Paranoia
Game Companies Say: Black Lives Matter
Keith on Product Release: "Mutants in Toylands" for Mutant Crawl Classics
Ava Amelia on Product Release: "Mutants in Toylands" for Mutant Crawl Classics
James jones on Product Release: "Mutants in Toylands" for Mutant Crawl Classics
Keith on My First Tales from the Loop Game
IDWeeber on My First Tales from the Loop Game
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eBook Astray in Couper [MP3 AUDIO] by R. Marquez 100% free!
Couper, Washington, nestled on the banks of the Columbia River, is a lovely place to visit, but living there can be killer.
When Matty Cruz's career ends prematurely due to hard economic times, she pulls up stakes and relocates to the tree-filled Pacific Northwest. She's hoping the natural beauty there will lift her spirits. But soon she discovers that her impulsive move lands her in a city with one of the highest violent-crime rates in the region.
Astray in Couper introduces you to this cozy mystery series with a criminal edge, but the story is told with a dash of humor and fun. If you like a smart, brave heroine who must quickly reinvent herself—or else, quirky, colorful characters, and dark villains, you'll love R. Marquez's slightly skewed version of the Pacific Northwest.
Buy Astray in Couper today, and get a taste of how Matty learns to survive a city that too many psychopaths love to call home.
R.Marquez resides in the Pacific Northwest, a place that inspired her to create the fictional city of Couper, WA, located across the Columbia River from Portland, OR.
She completed the Matty Cruz Adventures and is now working on the Carol Karuso Mysteries. The first book, Fallen Angel is available. The next book, "Lost Romeo," should be out early 2018.
R.Marquez's short stories have been published in Over My Dead Body!, Mysterical-E, KZINE ,and Crimespree magazines, among others.


My new year's resolution is to be more expedient in capturing our travel adventures, so on this NYE, I'm going to finish out 2016 by recapping the long overdue last chapter of our epic summer trip to Mexico.
On our final day in Cancun, due to scuba safety guidelines, we were not able to dive (24 hours before flight) - but even on the surface there was a lot of marine life fun to be had, and the snorkeling tour we took turned out to be one of my favorite vacation memories ever!
It was a super early pickup at the hotel, then to the marina for a 7:00am meet. At the dock, you can rent shortys and other equipment for an extra fee, or bring your own*.
While waiting for everyone to figure out their gear, our guide went over rules of engagement with whale sharks using a clay figure, which I loved and found out he'd bought from an artist at the marina. Their booth was closed at the time, so he very kindly sold his to me for 50 pesos (and it's now one of my favorite travel souvenirs ever).
So first, whale sharks. Since we were in prime season in the region (June-September), we were treated to many sightings up close, even before we got in the water, from the boat!
Whale sharks are amazing, gorgeous creatures whose name can be a little confusing: they are not whales, and not a predatory type of shark that hunts and feeds on meaty fish like most other species that people are familiar with, but are a filter feeding type of shark that is really more a massive docile fish - the largest fish in the world, in fact at up to 40 feet or more - that likes to scoop up plankton at the surface of the ocean with giant flat mouths (and no sharp teeth that are visible to passersby). So despite their size, they are no threat to humans at all - but just very beautiful gentle giants!
Of course we also got to jump in and swim alongside them. The process was exhilarating: with a very small but agile boat, and us chasing very large creatures who will definitely outswim us - in order to see them up close, our captain had to bring the boat perpendicular to the whale shark as it's swimming towards us. Swimmers sat literally on the edge of either side of the boat with all our gear on, ready to go.
Once the whale shark was within reasonable distance - our guide would shout "go, now, go go go!" and we'd jump in immediately and swim in the opposite direction than the whale shark is going - jumping in near its gaping mouth, and swimming towards its tail, to give us the best chance of seeing the whole animal before it passes us by in stride.
Our guide joked that it's ok, the whale sharks don't view us as food - the last time he had a tourist accidentally jump into a whale shark's mouth, it 'gummed' the tourist, thought 'yuck' and spat the human out. Hilarious. But in any case it was one breath taking, beautiful encounter after another.
Tour guide jokes aside: the whole time, we had to be careful as our guide instructed to keep at a distance for the safety of the animal - we're strictly prohibited from touching them, as they have a gel-like substance that protects their skin, and human touch with all our microbes would damage that substance and expose them to infections - which none of us want!
Fun fact: spot patterns on the whale shark are unique to each individual, like fingerprints to humans - and scientists can examine photos and videos to help catalog different individuals. Everything happened too fast for us to try to do anything other than try our best to keep up this time - but all the more reason to revisit / do whale shark swims elsewhere to learn more about these beauties.
It was such an amazing experience and privilege to be able to swim next to these majestic, lovely gentle giants - it really inspires us to think more deeply about everything that we do in our daily lives that could put whale sharks, other creatures around them, and their home, at risk - and creates greater urgency for us to make changes.
After the rigorous exercise of chasing massive, magnificent 30-40 foot whale sharks, we had all worked up an appetite, and our boat crew whipped up, right on the boat, the freshest, most delicious fish ceviche we'd ever tasted, for us to enjoy on deck or in the shallow water (and yes, made with local fish, NOT the giants we'd just been swimming with).
It was a bit of a mad rush at 3pm back to the hotel to rendezvous with @jennybawel (who had completed her whale shark tour the day before), since our flights out were that evening - but international travel meant we had to meet our shuttle at 4pm. But we made it, and were glad to have been able to maximize the last day.
...and one last meal of guacamole and chips (guac made tableside! At the airport!), steak fajitas and pina coladas at Air Margaritaville, before heading out.
All in all, Cancun / Tulum was a bucketlist trip that fed our minds, bodies and souls with cultural / historical adventure from Chichen Itza to Mayan ruins, to fantastic food ranging from the deck of a small boat to the middle of a jungle to gorgeous Mayan themed setting in a fine dining restaurant, to water adventures above and below from cenotes to whale sharks.
Definitely one of our most epic vacation destinations of all time. Can't wait to go back soon!
*Tip for those who are not athletic and possibly only exercise once or twice a week like yours truly: definitely use a "shorty" (a short sleeved, knee length wetsuit), which helps you float so you can rest on the surface as needed between vigorous swims, and use a life jacket for the same reason. You won't need to dive down to see the whale sharks since they feed near the surface.
Also, having the right fins made all the difference when trying to keep up with large marine animals. I love my split fins which were super energy efficient and helped propel me forward with a minimum of kicking. I bring these on all my trips as most dive shops don't have split fins for rent. These split fins are not great for cenote dives though, when you want to be slow and steady in staying in single file formation with your group - so if you dive cenotes in Tulum then you may want to use rental fins which are shorter and not split in the middle.
Wow! Great whale sharks photos. Awesome blog.


With the increase of your client base you will see the benefits of supporting your users. Answering their questions and providing insightful information about your products can really make a difference in the user experience on your website. A happy client is a buying client and to make and keep your clients happy you will need a tool that will allow you to communicate with them. Zopim Live Chat is the tool you are looking for. It is easy to integrate and use and will allow you to provide live chat support/sale service to your clients.
To get Zopim Live Chat for your WP eCommerce store you will first need to login to your FastComet client area and access the Order section.
Zopim Live Chat is a product addon, so you will need to click on the Product Addons tab.
Scroll down until you find the "Zopim Live Chat" addon service.
Now you will need to login into the admin area of your Wordpress website and navigate to Plugins > Add New.
Search for the Zopim LiveChat plugin and when you find it, hit the Install button.
When the installation process is completed select the Activate Plugin option.
Now a Zopim Chat link will be added to the admin menu of your website and when you click on it you will be redirected to a login form. Here you will have to fill out your Zopim Live Chat credentials.
When you are done, please click on the Link Up button to finalize the setup process.
You have successfully integrated Zopim Live Chat in your WP eCommerce Store. Congratulations!


Lyrics from Interpol, courtesy of my friend Emily. I didn't even think of that when I was taking them, but they pretty much emulate that part of 'The Scale'!
I wish that my hair looked like this every day. Also, I wish my 50mm lens wasn't broken/I could afford to buy another one. Lots of wishes at the moment.


A handmade wooden palm dish that can be used to present food or as a decorative object, it was made by Khmer craftsmen installed on the site of Angkor near the temple of Krovan and only a few kilometers from the city. Siem Reap tourism in Cambodia. The realization of each dish requires several hours of work, those we propose here are very successful, it is a neat job.


Easy Bread Pizza Recipe – Love Pizza? Then try this instant pizza recipe. Perfect for kids as well as for grown ups.
Snacks are an important part of our daily diet. We love to eat snacks at tea time or just before our dinner or before our lunch. If we have a party at home, then also we prepare tasty snacks for our guests. If there is a birthday party at home then also we prefer to prepare homemade snacks instead of ready made snacks.
Pizza is undoubtedly one of the most popular and loved snacks. We all love to eat it whenever we go out.
Now if you don't have time to prepare a pizza or if you don't have pizza base at home then also you can prepare a pizza which tastes just like the original Pizza.
Here's how to do it – you can use bread as the pizza base. The rest of the ingredients remain the same like the topping, sauce, cheese etc.
This recipe is perfect when you have to prepare some instant snacks – may be for some party, for kids tiffin box or may be for eating during the meals.
So, just like the regular pizza, you can prepare this instant bread pizza in an oven. the procedure is exactly the same. You will bake these bread pizzas at 180 C/350 F for approximately 10 minutes.
Now if you don't have an oven, you can still prepare these easy bread pizza either in a microwave or on traditional Tawa.
If you have to prepare these bread pizzas in a microwave then put these bread pizzas on the turn table. Keep the turn table in the microwave and select the Micro + convention button. Select the time as 3 minutes and press the start button. These bread pizzas usually get ready in three to four minutes in the microwave.
Now if you do not want to bake these bread pizzas in either the oven or the microwave then simply bake these on the gas stove using a tawa/pan.
Place the tawa/pan on the gas stove. Keep the flame low. Heat the tawa foe 1-2 minutes. Then place these bread pizzas. Cover these with a glass lid or a deep bottom steel bowl. Keeping the flame low, bake these bread pizzas for four minutes or till the cheese melts and gets a light golden color.
Thus as you see there are multiple ways in which you can bake these bread pizzas.
Bread pizza is perfect for after school snack or tea time snack. As they get prepared in such small span of time.
If you have a birthday party at home then these are probably one of the best snacks to serve to the guests. Especially if it's a kids party, then all the kids would love to eat these bread pizzas.
Do try this recipe. If you have any questions regarding this recipe feel free to ask them in the comments below.
Take a bread slice. Apply pizza sauce on it.
Sprinkle some mixed herbs on top.
# For baking in Oven : Preheat the oven to 180 °C. Bake these at 180°C for 10 minutes.
# For baking on Gas stove : Place a tava on a gas. Heat it on a low flame, for 3-4 minutes. Place these bread pizzas on tava. Cover this with a lid/big bowl.
# For baking in a microwave : Place the bread pizzas on the round table. Select the 'micro+convection' button. Select the time as 4 minutes and press the start button.
Cook till the cheese melts.
Yummy bread pizza is ready!!!


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Brothers News
Brothers In the News
Kovner Banquet
Famous Brothers
Alfred "Koko" Kovner
Missing Brothers
Chapter Eternal
Photos – Composites
Photos – Kovner Banquet
Undergrads
House Corporation
Chapter Advisory Board
Gratuitous Legal Disclaimer
Famous and Accomplished PA Alpha Delta Alumni
The following PA Alpha Delta brothers have distinguished themselves in their accomplishments, convictions, and fields of endeavor.
Alfred "Koko" Kovner '42*
Rex, WWII veteran, Fraternity icon
Alfred "Koko" Kovner is a central figure in Pi Lambda Phi's national philosophy, as well as our most celebrated alumni. In 1944, Kovner was killed in action over Germany while serving as navigator on a B-17 bomber, but his spirit lives on through his profound words and letters. The men who were fortunate enough to know him found in him wisdom beyond his years, strength of character, leadership, and humility. He had qualities that we as Pi Lams strive to emulate. His best-known legacy is an eloquent quote that truly capsulizes the fraternal experience.
Abby Mann '43*
Abby Mann accepting his Oscar, presented by actress, Lee Remick.
Oscar-winning screenwriter, producer and director, Big Pi Recipient
Abby Mann was a Hollywood writer, producer and director. In 1961, he received a screenwriting Oscar for "Judgment at Nuremberg." In his acceptance speech, he said, "a writer worth his salt at all has an obligation not only to entertain but to comment on the world in which he lives." He had a number of successful projects in the movies and television, including the series Kojak, starring Telly Savalas.
Marlin Levin '44*
WWII VETERAN, WAR CORRESPONDENT, JOURNALIST, PHOTOGRAPHER, ISRAELI HISTORIAN
Marlin Levin studied journalism at Temple and served as a decrypter at General Eisenhower's HQ in WWII before he immigrated to Israel in 1947. As an editor of The Jersalem Post he survived the bombing of their offices in 1948. He was a correspondent for United Press and ABC in the 50s and 60s. In 1958, Levin established the offices of Time – Life in Jerusalem, and remained a correspondent until 1990. A life-long journalist he interviewed Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion, and covered Israel's wars, the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the 1977 Sadat-Begin meetings. He is also credited with photographing historic color pictures reflecting various stages in the establishment of the State of Israel.
Philip "Sonny" Slosburg '47*
Three time letter winner, Temple Athletic Hall of Fame 1979
Slosburg was a three-time letter winner for the Owls from 1945-47 and was selected to the school's Athletic Hall of Fame in 1979. In his rookie season he played both as a defensive safety and an offensive left halfback. He played on the 1945 team that went 9-1 and outscored its opponents 198-51 that season. Playing for College Football Hall of Fame coach Ray Morrison, he earned second team All-America honors in 1947. He was drafted by the Boston Yanks in 1948. He retired from professional football in 1949.
Dr. Roland Moskowitz '49*
Pioneer in the study of arthritis, Educator
Roland W. Moskowitz, MD, was a Professor of Medicine and former Director and recently a member of the Rheumatology Clinical Research Unit and Division of Rheumatic Diseases at University Hospitals Case Medical Center, in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1990 he received international recognition for research linking osteoarthritis to a defective collagen gene. In 2016, he also was the Lifetime Achievement Recipient for the Ohio Association of Rheumatology. He was the author of over 225 published articles and the editor of 11 textbooks.
Herman Rush '50
Entertainment mogul, Broadcast pioneer
Herman Rush lead Coca-Cola Telecommunications, was a producer and agent, and eventually rose through the ranks to become Chairman of Columbia Pictures Television. Under his leadership, Columbia released an impressive lineup of popular and successful television titles in the 1970s and 80s, including: T.J. Hooker, Hart to Hart, Believe it or Not, and Fantasy Island. He was also the producer of iconic TV programs: Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, All in the Family, and the Montel Williams Show.
Interview with Herman Rush on AM Philadelphia
Jerome R. Balka '51
Jerry Balka – Chapter Room dedication, 1969.
Assistant District Attorney, Chapter Advisor, Consiglieri, Big Pi Recipient
Jerry Balka has a distinguished background from his beginnings in the US Army Counter-Intelligence Service to his accomplished stature in the legal community which began in the Philadelphia District Attorney's Office. But his strongest defense has always been for his chapter. He was instrumental in attaining the Chapter House at 2000 North Broad in 1969, and served as Chapter Advisor for countless years. He has always been there for the chapter in times of trouble, offering his support and guidance.
Albert Nipon '51
Fashion Tycoon
In 1955, Albert Nipon left his accounting job at DuPont to manufacture women's clothing. At its peak, Albert Nipon, Inc. was generating $60 million in sales a year and employed some 600 people. He always gave credit to his wife Pearl, the designer behind the line of clothing that bears his name. The brand was sold at Saks Fifth Avenue, Neiman Marcus, and Lord & Taylor. Celebrity clients included Mary Tyler Moore, Barbara Walters and Rosalynn Carter.
Robert Rosenthal '51*
Photo credit: Washington Post
CEO and chairman of Rosenthal Automotive, Pioneer in auto dealerships
Robert Rosenthal was CEO and chairman of Rosenthal Automotive in Reston, Va., one of the nation's largest dealership groups and one of the first dealers along the East Coast to import Japanese vehicles in the 1970s. He was described by The Washington Post as the "patriarch of the Washington area's new-car dealers," and his peers often called him a trailblazer. In 2009, he made a $1 million commitment to support scholarships at Temple's Fox School of Business.
Eli Hoffman '59
Eli Hoffman accepts the Big Pi award in 2012 from Jeff Bueller at the Kovner Banquet
Philanthropist, Lifelong supporter, Big Pi Recipient
In addition to a successful career in accounting, Eli is a passionate philanthropist. He served as the Chairman of the Jacqua Foundation which generously funded house improvements and provided engineering and accounting scholarships to Temple students. Each semester Eli actively sought out qualified Pi Lambda Phi brothers to benefit form these scholarships.
Irwin "Irv" Gross '65
Assistant District Attorney, Chairman/CEO of Global Technologies, Ltd., Serial entrepreneur, Big Pi Recipient
Gross started his career practicing law for 13 years, then went on to start more than 10 companies in various industries, including: mobile telecommunications, electronic contract manufacturing, internet and web-based enterprises, and video game and film development. In 2001, he made a contribution to Temple University creating the Irwin L. Gross E-Business Institute, intended to bridge the gap between business and computer students. His Temple awards and affiliations include the Russell Conwell Society, Acres of Diamonds Circle, and Chairman's Circle.
Dan Lynch '69*
Dan Lynch on the campaign trail in 2000. Photo credit: Times Herald
Journalist, Radio host, Author, Political candidate, Big Pi Recipient
Dan Lynch was a an old-school newspaperman who was also a novelist, producer of documentary films, radio and TV host, political candidate and teacher. In 2000 he took a break from journalism to pursue an unsuccessful run for state Assembly, which he chronicled in his book, "Running with the Machine: A Journalist's Eye-Opening Plunge Into Politics." He wrote over a dozen books, including, "Into the Dragon's Teeth" and "Thunder of Captains" and wrote and produced historical documentaries.
Read the Dan Lynch obituary in the Times Herald.
Steve Levy '70
Philadelphia newscaster, Journalist, Broadcast Pioneer, Big Pi Recipient
During a career spanning 35 years, Steve Levy, was anchor, reporter, and sports reporter at the big three Philadelphia television stations, covering everything from sports to politics to entertainment. In 2011, he was inducted into the Broadcast Pioneers Hall of Fame.
Michael Busch '70*
Temple football standout, teacher, Speaker of Maryland House of Representatives
Michael E. Busch was a Temple football star who parlayed his esteem on the gridiron into a political career, and was the longest-serving state House speaker in Maryland.
Read the Michael Busch obituary in the Washington Post.
Walter Kahn '70*
Photo credit: Philadelphia Inquirer
Grammy-winning producer, songwriter, recording engineer, and DJ
Walter "Kandor" Kahn was an American DJ and record producer. Kahn began his music career as a Top 40 radio DJ. His early music productions include "Loves Me Like A Rock", written by Paul Simon, performed by The Dixie Hummingbirds, for which he was awarded a Grammy. He had an impressive catalog of music and produced artists for most of the major record labels.
Henry Hynoski '75
Photo copyright: Temple University Libraries, Special Collections Research Center
Temple's all-time leading rusher (1975), Drafted by the Cleveland Browns, Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame, Monster
Temple's all-time leading rusher with 2,218 yards at the time of his graduation. Drafted in the sixth round by the Cleveland Browns. Sadly he suffered a career-ending injury in his first NFL game. He was inducted into the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame in 1989. In a 2012 interview with Newsday, his son, Henry Hynoski, Jr., who played for the NY Giants, said "My dad was a monster, I saw a play once where three guys came to tackle him on a toss play and he ran all three of them over and scored a touchdown, and the camera went back and it showed the three players crawling on the ground after the hit."
Randy Grossman '76
Photo credit: SB Nation
Pittsburgh Steelers Tight End 1974-1981, Four Super Bowl rings, Big Pi Recipient
A three-year starter at Tight End for the Temple Owls, Grossman played in the highly successful era of coach Wayne Hardin. As a junior in 1972, he earned Associated Press All-East honors. He was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1974 where he would earn four Super Bowl rings. View some of his highlights. Steelers President, Dan Rooney said of him, "Randy Grossman was one of those guys who was never viewed as one of the superstars, but he did everything you asked him. He was just a real good competitor who really proved his value. He was just a good team man." In 2012, Grossman was inducted into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.
Chris Kerber '90
Head Coach Cornell Lightweight Rowing, Temple Athletics Hall of Fame
Chris was a part of crew team when Temple ruled the Schuylkill. He earned four medals at the Dad Vail Regatta before setting his sights on a competitive career that would span a decade. He was a two-time Pan-American Games gold medalist and won multiple U.S. National Championships. In 2008 Kerber became head coach of Lightweight Rowing at Cornell University, where he led the team to four IRA National Championships (2014, 2015, 2017, and 2019), winning IRA Coach of the Year honors in those same seasons. In 2020, he was inducted into the Temple Athletics Hall of Fame.
"Rowing is considered to be the ultimate team sport – acknowledgement of an individual crew member is rare – so this recognition means a lot to me and my teammates who wore the 'T' on our chests. Looking back, those were some incredible years of training and racing for the Owls on the Schuylkill River under Coach Gavin White."
Malcolm Kenyatta '12
Pennsylvania House of Representatives
At 28 years old, Malcolm Kenyatta won a seat in the PA House of Representatives, representing the 181st District in Philadelphia. He is the first openly LGBT person of color elected to the PA General Assembly, and he is deeply committed to creating an equitable and inclusive society.
Additional Famous Pi Lam Brothers
View other notable brothers from Pi Lam chapters.
Note: Brothers marked with an asterisk (*) have passed into the Chapter Eternal
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We have our own and associated offices in many foreign offshore and onshore jurisdictions where we set up companies. Registration offices prepare and forward documents, interact with local authorities (registers, tax services, justice bodies, consulates, etc.). The major work with customers is performed at the Offices located in Larnaka, Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Kiev.
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Join us at ABX 2016!
The Boston Architectural College is pleased to invite you to attend a free reception at ABX on Wednesday, November 16 from 6–8 pm!
Connect with fellow BAC students, and network with our alumni, faculty, staff, and other members of the BAC community while enjoying hors d'oeuvres and a cash bar. Sign up for the BAC's FREE reception in room 162A&B by registering for ABX here!


text:
Muirneag SY486
Zulu-type Herring Drifter of Stornoway
in the Western Isles of Scotland
An Exhibition-Quality Scale Model of Muirneag SY486,
Sandy MacLeod's 'Darling Girl'
Built by Gordon Williams
Monmouth, UK +44(0)7791 087 525 email:
BUILDING THE MODEL
See more of my work here: tentimes.co.uk and here: gordonwilliams.co.uk
THIS MODEL IS THE PROPERTY OF MUSEUM NAN EILEAN (MUSEUM OF THE WESTERN ISLES)
STORNOWAY, SCOTLAND
MUIRNEAG SY486:1903-1947:A SHORT HISTORY
Muirneag was a herring drifter, belonging to one of the most successful classes of sailing vessels, the Zulus. The type originated at Lossiemouth on the Moray Firth (on the east coast of Scotland) in 1879, and was named after the then recently concluded Zulu Wars in Africa; the design was a coming-together of the best features of the other two dominant Scottish types, Scaffies and Fifies. The very first Zulu, Nonesuch, combined the almost vertical bow of the Fifie with the raking stern of the Scaffie, and produced a boat with excellent sea-going qualities. The dipping-lug sail (one of the most powerful rigs) was easy to manage with enough crew, and allowed a relatively uncluttered deck and safe 'parking' in a crowded harbour, all of the canvas and gear being within board. The early boats were clench-built (ie, with overlapping planks) which limited their keel length to around 40 feet, but in 1885 carvel-built hulls (with butted planking, giving a smooth surface) were introduced and this stronger construction allowed the keel to reach its maximum of 62 feet, or 75 feet overall. These hulls were enormously strong, supporting a foremast 64 feet long, of anything from 20 to 26 inches in diameter and a mizzen mast of 18 inches diameter.
Muirneag was ordered in 1903 from the yard of William McIntosh of Portessie, Buckie, by Alexander 'Sandy' MacLeod, who lived at Knock Point, Stornoway, in the Western Isles. Muirneag means Darling Girl, Pretty Girl, or Beloved in the Gaelic language and is also the name of the highest hill in the peaty wastes of North Harris, being some 11 miles north-west of Stornoway, and visible from far out at sea.
Muirneag herself was enormously strongly built (as were all the McIntosh boats), with many of the crucial deck-beams (carlings, half-beams) dovetail jointed into the cross-beams. This ensured that these joints would stay tight, and never pull out under stress.
MacLeod was very happy with his boat, and worked her continuously until 1939. In 1945, at the age of eighty, he took her to sea for a night before finally laying her up; he had skippered her for forty-two years. In 1947 she was sold at public auction at Stornoway for fifty pounds and was towed to Loch Erisort, to be broken up on Balallan beach. These were the days before fencing grants, and her fate was to become fencing posts in the fields around her home port, in view of the waters she was so familiar with. Muirneag was not the last of her type to be built, but she was certainly the last herring drifter in Britain to be worked by her sails alone, her skipper steadfastly refusing to give her an engine. While she was being broken up a local man, George MacLeod, surveyed her and the measurements and observations he made were drawn out by Harold A Underhill, of Glasgow, and these drawings were the basis for the present model.
MUIRNEAG SY486:THE MODEL
Scratch-built using only the best materials, she took 2,294 hours of extremely demanding work. There were many hours of research, prior to building. The drawings were scaled down from 1:24 to 1:32, to give a more reasonable size (and also to allow the model to stand on my workbench with clearance to the low ceiling!)
TIMBERS USED
European Walnut & American Black Walnut :
Hull frames, keel, keelson, stem, sternpost, rudder, skegs, thwarts, various deck beams and carlings, stringers, rails, ladders
Lime :
Hull planking, fish-hold divisions and floorboards, various framing, various deck beams
Cherry :
Main and poop deck planking, cabin floor boards, bulkhead planking
Pear :
Small section stringers, deck beam shelf, forecastle shelves
Ebony :
All blocks except main and mizzen halyard, many other small parts
Lemonwood (Degame) :
Masts and spars
No plastics, plywood or other 'non-traditional' materials were used, and all timbers were from certifiable, sustainable sources where possible.
HULL CONSTRUCTION
All 58 hull frame shapes were developed from the lines drawing to give the correct profiles, widths and scarf joint positions, and transferred to the walnut sheet. These 58 frames follow the original layout of alternate full and floating frames in the midship section. Full frames (numbers 8 to 44) being made up of from five to seven sections each, a typical midships full frame consisting of floor, two first futtocks and two second futtocks (or top timbers). Separate timberheads each side, simple-scarfed for easy replacement in the event of damage, complete the frame. Floating frames are similar, but stop short of the keelson, and have no floors. Frames 1 to 7, and 45 to 58 are fixed directly through the stem and stern aprons respectively. Stepped scarfs are used on all floors and futtocks, except in the fish-hold, where butt-straps are used between the first and second futtocks.
All scarfs are through-dowelled. All floors follow the full-size design, having drainage and limber holes where applicable. All joints in frames, keel, keelson, stem and sternpost, deck beams, and all constructional design, are as in full-size practice. Carlings and half-beams are dovetailed, and the masts are properly fitted into built-up steps.
The hull was planked in Lime, plank widths and thicknesses conforming to the original vessel. The planks are pinned with 0.6mm diameter Walnut dowels, two per plank in each frame - a total of around 2,800 in the complete hull. All dowels were made in the workshop, by sawing to square and pulling through diminishing-sized holes in a drawplate. Main deck / poop deck planks are Cherry, fixed with around 1,100 handmade Walnut dowels.
All fittings were handmade. The capstan is fabricated in Walnut, Ebony, Brass, Aluminium and Stainless Steel. All blocks have working brass sheaves; cordage is made from natural hemp, and the warp (or bush rope, the heavy cable that supports the nets) is left-hand laid. Only a representative amount of the warp is placed in the model, feeding into the warp-room from the capstan; in practice, the warp would be made up of ten or eleven coils of 120 fathoms (720 feet) each, a total of one and a half miles or so, and the warp-room would be full to the top.
The 'steam band' which runs from the stemhead, around the keel and over the stern post (as protection, should the vessel 'take the ground') is from sheet aluminium, shaped and pinned to the woodwork.
The characteristic horizontal wheel is cut from a sheet of brass, with turned handles attached. The three hull rubbing strakes are Aluminium and Walnut, hand-radiused and formed. Mast bands, rudder hinges and pintles, hooks, eyes, rings and straps are Brass or Copper, silver-soldered and permanently coloured.
The sails are cotton cambric, shrunk, dyed and hand-stitched, with stiffened cotton strips laid on to represent the cloth hems. Cringles and D-rings are sewn on, and the hoist (the wire rope stitched to the front edge of the foresail) is served with yarn throughout its length.
Powdered-resin or PVA for timber, epoxy resin for some small parts. Cyanoacrylate glues were used strictly for 'tacking' purposes, to hold parts while the more permanent slower-setting glues dried. Cyano was not used anywhere in the rigging, where it may become brittle with age.
The paint finish is airbrushed 'Liquitex' non-fade acrylic, and all natural wood is finished with two coats of tung-based oil.
The Scale is 1:32, or 3/8" = 1 foot
Hull length 30" (762mm)Overall length 47.75" (1213mm)
Height 29.5" (750mm)Height including baseboard 30.75" (781mm)
Beam 8.125" (206mm)Width over baseboard 9.25" (235mm)
The model is mounted on a composite baseboard, hand-veneered with quarter sawn oak, and edged with solid European Oak. The three keel supports are steel in polished brass liners, the centre one being a long machine screw, which allows the model to be easily dismounted.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THIS MODEL CLOSELY FOLLOWS THAT OF THE ORIGINAL VESSEL, AND THE MODEL CAN BE VIEWED FROM ANY ANGLE WITH COMPLETE CONFIDENCE
REFERENCES / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / SOURCES
Mr Alex John Murray, Stornoway (Grandson of owner Alexander MacLeod)
Mr Glenn McIntosh, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia (Descendant of the McIntosh boatbuilders, Portessie)
Mr Allan A Frazer and Mr David Mair, both of the Buckie District Fishing Heritage Museum
Ms Linda McGowan, Curator of the Scottish Fisheries Museum Trust, Anstruther, Fife
Mr Bernard Bryant, Curator of the Reserve Model Collection, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
The Picture Library, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
Drawings by Harold A Underhill from 1948 survey (Brown, Son & Ferguson, Nautical Publishers, Glasgow)
Roger Finch, 'Sailing Craft of the British Isles' 1976
Edgar J March, 'Sailing Drifters' 1952
Peter F Anson, 'Scots Fisherfolk' The Banffshire Journal, 1950
Capt H Paasch, 'Illustrated Marine Encyclopedia' 1890
John Dyson, 'Business in Great Waters' 1977
Various articles, The Stornoway Gazette
Five excellent black & white photographs of 'Muirneag' at Stornoway in the 1930s were purchased from the Picture Library at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, and used as references during construction of the model. Sadly, I am unable to show any of them on this site because of the very high charges required by the Museum, who hold the copyright.
A FEW RELEVANT LINKS
GORDON WILLIAMS
www.gordonwilliams.co.uk
Scale models, and other stuff...
GLENN McINTOSH
www.brinkster.net/mcibb
Glenn is a descendant of the McIntosh boatbuilders of Portessie,
and his excellent site covers all the boats (including Muirneag) built at Portessie & Ianstown.
MUSEUM NAN EILEAN
www.cne-siar.gov
The Museum of the Western Isles, in Stornoway;
the Museum has the bell and compass from the original Muirneag, and is the owner of this model.
BRAY PRINTS
www.brayprints.com
Kathy Bray's fine collection of Colour Profiles of Classic Wooden Boats, including Muirneag.
SILVER DARLINGS
www.HistoryShelf.org
The history of herring fishing on the East Coast of Scotland.
GEORGE MACLEOD'S MODEL
www.nmm.ac.uk
A photograph and description of George MacLeod's 1955 model of Muirneag in The National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London. George MacLeod carried out the 1947 survey of Muirneag as she was being broken up, and his model was used as a research reference for this model.
www.scottishmuseum.org
Web site of the Scottish Fisheries Museum, at Anstruther.
On display here is the Zulu Research LK62, built at Banff in 1903.
HERITAGE COTTAGE, BUCKIE
www.buckieheritage.org
The Buckie & District Fishing Heritage Centre, a short distance from where the original Muirneag was built.
The Museum has a large database of boats from the Buckie and Banff areas.
MY OTHER MODELS: Le Coureur, USS Lexington, HM Bark Endeavour
www.muirneag.net/others.html
http://www.muirneag.net/index.html © Gordon Williams 2013 Last revised 9th February 2013 W3C Valid XHTML and CSS


January 24, 2019, Los Angeles, CA – OpenX today announced a first of its kind collaboration that will bring the entire OpenX exchange into the cloud with Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Through this deployment, OpenX will become the first ever major exchange to move all on-premises workloads fully into the cloud and become truly serverless. Work on integrating the five year technology collaboration began in 2018 with the companies expecting to complete the full transition to the cloud by the end of Q2, 2019.
Speed: The move into GCP will increase the speed that bids come into the OpenX exchange allowing publishers to see greater demand for their audiences before an auction closes driving increased revenue potential.
Scalability: Powered by GCP, the OpenX exchange will be infinitely scalable, allowing the company to support publishers as they experience traffic spikes without sacrificing monetization opportunities or latency.
Global Reach: OpenX's complete cloud-based exchange will eliminate the dependency for on premises servers utilized by nearly every programmatic exchange today, allowing the company to enter new global markets almost instantaneously and scale specific locations based on their unique demands.
Future-proofing: Google Cloud runs on the latest generation of computing power and technology. While on premise servers get outdated quickly, OpenX will leverage the latest technology through GCP.
People Based Marketing: As OpenX focuses its product innovations and evolves its exchange to bring people-based marketing to the open web for the first time, the collaboration with GCP allows the company to build on its significant existing data asset, and eliminate any barriers or caps on the number of data points or unique identities utilized.
Prior to 2019, almost one quarter of the OpenX tech workforce was dedicated to maintaining legacy infrastructure. The transition to Google Cloud Platform will free resources to focus on new growth areas for the company, such as people based marketing, video and CTV. These fast growth areas have seen strong early results, with video now making up more than 1 in 10 dollars on the OpenX exchange.


An in-depth, behind-the-curtain look at one of the most elite fighting forces in the world explores the incredible history of the SEALs' predecessors in WWII and Korea through their evolution into elite warriors.
Part 2 follows the evolution of the SEALs as they become the tip of America's spear in the War on Terror, executing high-profile missions including the raid on Osama bin Laden's compound in Pakistan.
JFK called their trademark beret "a symbol of excellence, a badge of courage, a mark of distinction in the fight for freedom." Explore the history of these "Quiet Professionals," as commandos and instructors.
Long before President Kennedy commissioned the Navy SEALs in 1962, the Navy Combat Demolition Units were running demolition. We'll recount the stories of honor, valor, and commitment of these backbones of the Navy.
Tomorrow's Marines train to neutralize enemies with a single shot from up to three miles away -- a shot that can mean the difference between peaceful surrender and bloody assault.
Meet the ultimate hunters in a deadly game where the quarry shoots back: U.S. Army snipers.
The deadliest weapon on the battlefield is the lone sniper. Journey inside the science and psychology behind the greatest shots in military history through the scope of the world's most extreme marksmen.
Get an unprecedented look at the most dangerous feats undertaken in the history of military warfare as legendary snipers share never-before-told stories about their classified missions.
Deconstruct the factors that must be considered during the planning of each sniper mission, including terrain, wind speed, temperature, elevation changes, and high-tech gear.
The ongoing search for enemy combatants in the mountains of Afghanistan brings battlefield successes, heartbreaking tragedies, and harrowing, deadly shootouts.
Trained by Green Berets during the Vietnam War, the Mobile Strike "Mike" Force was a roving S.W.A.T. team on call to rescue platoons or camps under attack. Explore its history and meet its courageous soldiers.
During Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, special ops units consisting of Navy Seals, Green Berets, and Army Rangers covertly gathered intelligence. As the Gulf War escalated, so did their duties "in the storm."
During the Vietnam War, the men of the Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols (LRRPs, or "lurps") sacrificed manpower for stealth and took risks far beyond conventional units, spying on the enemy in his own backyard.
Fighting an enemy across searing deserts and frigid mountain peaks requires strong weaponry and sound tactics. Go inside a hillside shootout and the rescue of Special Forces snipers during the pursuit of Osama bin Laden.


Fremont, city, Alameda county, California, U.S. Fremont lies on the southeastern shore of San Francisco Bay (there spanned by the Dumbarton Bridge), southeast of San Francisco, on the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct. Originally inhabited by Ohlone Indians, the area became the site of the Spanish Mission San José de Guadalupe (founded in 1797). The city, named for explorer John C. Frémont, was formed in 1956 through the amalgamation of five agricultural communities—Centerville, Irvington, Mission San José, Niles, and Warm Springs. Freeway connections stimulated residential and industrial growth as part of San Francisco Bay area development. Fremont's high-technology industry is closely linked to that of the rest of Silicon Valley. Automobile manufacturing is also important.
Fremont is the seat of Ohlone (junior) College (1965). Ardenwood Historic Farm preserves the area's agricultural past. Coyote Hills Regional Park, a 1,000-acre (400-hectare) wildlife sanctuary, contains ancient Indian shell mounds and a restored Indian village. Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge is adjacent. Inc. 1956. Pop. (2000) 203,413; Oakland-Fremont-Hayward Metro Division, 2,392,557; San Francisco–Oakland–Fremont Metro Area, 4,123,740; (2010) 214,089; Oakland-Fremont-Hayward Metro Division, 2,559,296; San Francisco–Oakland–Fremont Metro Area, 4,335,391.


Before, these homeowners never took the time to enjoy their Jacuzzi and the luxury of having an en-suite. Now, they are excited to enjoy a morning view of the ocean with the warm water keeping them warm in their custom walk-in shower. This bathroom remodel included a customer shower, equipped with two shower heads, combining the convenience of a hand held shower head for function and a rainhead shower head for relaxation and spa like feeling. This shower also includes a double niche and a custom bench for function and maximum comfort.
This en-suite bathroom remodel does not just stop at a beautiful luscious shower, but it also includes a spacious walk-in closet and a custom built shelving unit for extra storage.
A master bathroom built for a Queen and King!


text:
Кіміко Дате і Чжан Шуай були чинними чемпіонками, але цього разу Чжан вирішила не брати участі.
Дате грала в парі з Гетер Вотсон, але не змогла захистити свій титул, оскільки у фіналі їх перемогла пара Ракель Копс-Джонс і Абігейл Спірс з рахунком 1–6, 4–6.

Сіяні пари

Сітка

Посилання
 Main Draw

HP Open, парний розряд
HP Open 2012

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Gentrification – Race, Class, Or Both?
Let us conduct this thought experiment. Person A finds a car that they can purchase from person B for $1,000.00. Person A knows person C who will buy the car for $2,000.00. Person A buys the car from person B for $1,000.00 and then later that day sells the car to person C for $2,000.00.
Question: What percentage of the $1,000.00 dollar profit does person A owe to person B? Does person A owe anything to person B? Did person A cheat person C? I submit that person A does not owe anything to person B other than the agreed upon $1,000.00 price for the car. Furthermore, person C should not feel cheated because it is highly probably that person C could have found the same deal that Person A found, but Person C had neither the time nor resources to do so. Replace the car with housing or neighborhoods, and you have gentrification.
Gentrification is a very often used and misunderstood concept in America. It is especially misunderstood in the black community. The general perception of gentrification in the black community is that white people artificially drive the price of black neighborhoods down by allowing crime to increase, not enforcing local ordinances like cutting grass, and redlining. When the cost of the property in these black neighborhoods gets too low, the white people go into the neighborhoods and buy the property thereby displacing the former residents. The white people then reinvigorate the neighborhood with expensive condos and single-family homes that upper middle class and upper-class people (usually white) can buy and move into, completely changing the racial demographics of the neighborhood.
Before we can examine the veracity of this theory, we need to discuss a few subjects first.
Where did gentrification start
Why does gentrification occur predominantly in urban America
Is gentrification about race or class or both
The Origin of Gentrification
Most Americans believe that gentrification started and is practiced solely in the United States, but that is far from the case. The term gentrification was coined in 1964 by a British sociologist Ruth Glass when referring to the alterations she observed in the social structure and housing markets in certain areas of inner London. Early definitions of gentrification tended to focus on the residential housing market and the rehabilitation of existing properties. However, since then the definition has widened to include vacant land usually in prior industrial use and newly built designer neighborhoods. Initially confined to the West, gentrification has spread globally.
Due to social mobility and a growing middle class globally, we find gentrification in cities as far spread as Shanghai, Sydney, and Seattle. This process can also be observed in regional centers such as Leeds in England and Barcelona in Spain.
Watch this four minute YouTube video by Dr. Bob Lupton of FCS (Focused Community Strategies) that explains the historical derivation of the concept of gentrification.
In case your missed it go back and listen to Dr. Lupton at time index 2:40 where he details when looms were supplanted by machines that could created fabric thousands of times faster than the loom, and that this technology was driven by hydropower (water). This caused the factories to move closer to rivers, and therefore cities and population centers moved closer to bodies of water i.e..: rivers, lakes and the coast. This is an important concept to understand before we move into the next section of this discussion.
Urban America
Gentrification is a phenomenon that has generally occurred in urban America where the highest percentage of minorities reside. This has led to the perception that race is the leading motivator to implement this population displacement strategy. The question is why do a higher percentage of minorities live in large cities and is this just an American phenomenon?
Let us look at the geographical distribution of the largest cities in the world and examine if there is a through line.
What do you notice about the major on this world map regarding their location? All these cities are located on the coast or by a lake or a river. Why is this important? According to interestingengineering.com clearly you'll need access to water for drinking. Location near to a large body of water is also useful for transportation and trade. Local access to a plethora of natural resources is obviously also highly beneficial as you need this stuff to build cities.
So, is this applicable to the cities in the U.S.? Let us look at a map of the United States.
This map shows that the majority of the largest U.S. cities are located on the coast or by lakes and rivers. Let us look at the 5 largest cities in the U.S.:
New York – established 1624
Chicago – established 1833
Houston – established 1837
San Francisco – established 1776
Los Angeles – established 1781
These cities were formally established between 1624 and 1837. Think about that for a moment. New York was established before the U.S. was a country, and Los Angeles and San Francisco were established before California was a state. Why? Because of their geographic significance.
If you are asking what all of that has to do with gentrification, hang in there with this next subject and it will all begin to make sense. This next subject is industrialization. By 1878 the United States had reentered a period of prosperity after the long depression of the mid-1870s. In the ensuing 20 years the volume of industrial production, the number of workers employed in industry, and the number of manufacturing plants all more than doubled.
Many of these factories were built in northern cities and these new opportunities caused The Great Migration. The Great Migration was the relocation of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest, and West from 1916 to 1970. This population explosion of Americans from the South along with increasing immigration from Europe cause a huge increase in housing in these northern cities. This housing had to satisfy two requirements: it had to be erected quickly near the burgeoning factories being built, and it had to be cheap. Think about that for a moment. Large amounts of housing in prime locations in New York, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and San Francisco was being constructed in record time to accommodate the millions of new workers who needed a place to live.
This is pivotal to understanding the distribution of African Americans in the U.S. today in the age when gentrification began to accelerate. In the 1970s through the 1990s you had another phenomenon take place in America called white flight. Generally, this is the migration of white people from the suburbs to separate themselves from then upwardly mobile black Americans who were moving into those geographic areas where white people had generally moved due to their social matriculation from working class to middle/upper middle class.
While this was going on the racial majority started to see opportunities in the inner cities where they could move back into the voids that were left by black Americans. It was a win-win for those mostly white upper middle-class Americans. There was a significant percentage of black Americans who were able to move out of the urban centers of America into its suburbs. This left large swaths of inner cities abandoned that were closer to the jobs where mostly white executives were employed. This was a perfect situation for this group. They were able to move back into the coveted inner cities where they would be closer to their employment for pennies on the dollar. The last impasse to their migration was the remainder of black urban residents who had not yet attained enough social mobility that they were still stuck in these underfunded and under resourced inner-city areas.
So, they did what countless groups have done in similar situations throughout history. They paid a premium to the remaining residents to obtain their real estate so that those remaining tenements would be torn down and replaced with shiny new condos and single-family homes. It seemed a mutually beneficial transaction. The black residents received far more in the way of compensation for their properties than the ever would have had they remained, and the upper middle class was able to relocate closer to their jobs with new home in which to reside.
However, we know that is never the way that it is recorded in history. The revisionist history was not that the black residents sold their property willingly. The new history being written was that blacks were beguiled into selling their valuable property at a discount so that white people could surreptitiously obtain their properties. This interpretation ignores the causal effect of individuals moving into these neighborhoods with the means to improve it as the main motivating factor for the locality's appreciation. This brings us to the larger discussion about gentrification in America.
Race or Class or Both
As a discussion specifically from the black perspective on this subject have real estate investors been specifically targeting black people as a race to obtain their property at lower prices to take advantage of them or did they pay a premium to those black residents so that they could maximize their investment? Might black residents have held out for more return on their investment were they aware of the subsequent investment that was going to take place in their neighborhoods? Perhaps. But whose responsibility was it to lay bare all the metrics in this transaction?
The question that black people need to ask themselves is why is the intersectionality of race and class/resources so often black = poor? What causes gentrification so often to occur in black areas? Why are black people so often seemingly targeted in what is a voluntary transaction? Why are black people so often ignorant of the larger financial gain in these transactions? I submit that that it is far more complicated than we believe or have been led to believe.
Our neighborhoods are not being targeted because we are black. They are being targeted because they are valuable. This is far less a race conversation and more a conversation about class and wealth. What we really need to ask ourselves is why can't we access the capital to benefit from this untapped wealth in our communities?
Racism, white supremacy, and economic stagnation exist in black America. I see it every day. With that reality in mind we as black people must find a way to remove the excuses. We must locate the investors who will allow us to participate in upward socio-economic mobility. We must also admit that everyone is not going to be rich. Black people as a group would have more wealth if not for the systemic barriers to our acquisition of wealth, but there would still be uneducated and poor among us. We do ourselves a disservice whenever we look at these realities in our communities and immediately assign racism as the first reason for underachievement when we see it.
The road to where we are has been long and winding, and it will be equally such to our shared destination. Let us not fool ourselves. In the direst of circumstances some of us have been as successful as any among us regardless of race or the head start given to others in life. So, is gentrification a racially motivated tactic to displace black people from valuable underdeveloped inner-city real estate? That is what happens but that is not what it is. Gentrification is simply those with resources acquiring what they want. The answer is to become a member of the group of those with means.
Posted in PoliticsTagged Black poverty, Class, Dr. Bob Lupton, Focused Community Strategies, gentrification, industrialization, race, Racism, Racism in America, Ruth Glass, The Great MigrationBy davidaseatonLeave a comment
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Justin Bieber Gets A Belting On 'Between Two Ferns' With Zach Galifianakis
Mike Hohnen Sep. 27, 2013
We advise you sit down before reading this, as it may come to a shock. Ladies and gentlemen, Beliebers and otherwise, Justin Bieber has done something cool. I know, I didn't beliebe it either but there's video to prove it.
The pop sensation has featured on the latest episode of Zach Galifianakis' hilariously awkward Between Two Ferns where he copped a total grilling and didn't explode in a hissy fit.
For a moment, it almost seems as though Bieber has been caught off guard by Galifianakis' no-bullshit interview tactics. Galifianakis covers virtually everything we would want Bieber to be held accountable for, including suggesting Anne Frank would be a Beliber as well as the infamous pissing-in-a-bucket that made international headlines.
Galifianakis lays it out straight for the young star – if you're going to do dumb shit, don't put it on the Internet. Despite the pre-planned nature of the interview, you can always expect a bit of unscripted fun, and that one looked like it hit Biebs hard.
Poor Galifianakis may be unaware that Beliebers have no sense of humour whatsoever. Stay strong as you wade through an ocean of angry tweets, dude.
Watch: Justin Bieber on Between Two Ferns with Zach Galifianakis
http://youtu.be/CM6Yrg822zM
Jack Johnson Adds Final Shows To 2013 Australian Tour
Hellions Want To Play At YOUR House!
HeadlinesJustin Bieber


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Working as a news reporter gave HongDao a unique opportunity to observe how cities work and interact with the communities they serve.
HongDao was named to the Lawyers of Color Western Region Hot List in 2014.
She serves as assistant city attorney for the cities of Stanton, Aliso Viejo, and Lake Forest, and as deputy city attorney for the City of San Clemente.
HongDao Nguyen assists public clients in transactional and litigation matters concerning municipal government, with a focus on land use and public records law. An attorney in the Municipal Law practice group of Best Best & Krieger LLP, she serves as assistant city attorney for the cities of Stanton, Aliso Viejo, and Lake Forest, and as deputy city attorney for the City of San Clemente. She also serves in BB&K's ARC: Advanced Records Center, which provides comprehensive and cost-effective support for records-related matters, including California Public Records Act request processing.
Recognizing that every city has its own political and cultural landscape — whether it be an affluent city looking to develop hundreds of residences or one that must work around a number of properties with historical designations — HongDao works with her clients from the first stages of the permitting process to completion. In addition, she has extensive experience in planning and zoning law, the Subdivision Map Act and many other applicable laws.
With a reputation for being responsive and available to the city staff she works closely with, HongDao adeptly helps municipalities navigate through a variety of legal issues that typically arise in the course of running a public agency, such as the Brown Act and the California Public Records Act. With laws constantly changing to keep up with the issues like medical marijuana dispensaries, the sharing economy, development and blight, HongDao remains up to date on the latest local and state requirements to ensure her clients are in compliance.
As a San Jose Mercury News reporter before attending law school, HongDao earned valuable experience covering Bay Area city councils, elections and police issues. This role gave her a unique opportunity to observe how cities work and interact with the communities they serve. The research and writing skills she honed as a reporter are put to good use as an attorney, as fact-finding and communicating are key aspects of successfully advising her clients.
HongDao received her law degree from Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, where she was a note and comment editor for the International & Comparative Law Review and a member of the Byrne Trial Advocacy Team. She received her bachelor's degree in communications from Biola University. She provides pro bono legal services to such organizations as the League of California Cities and the Public Law Center. HongDao is married with two sons.


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Carriera
Cresciuto nel settore giovanile dell', il 25 gennaio 2017 ha firmato il primo contratto professionistico, di durata triennale. Ha esordito in prima squadra il 5 agosto 2018, nella partita di campionato vinta per 5-2 contro l'. Il 12 luglio 2019 viene ceduto in prestito all', neo-promosso in Eredivisie.

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