The earliest we can trace sport back to Adel is evidence of cricket being played in 1876, with the hockey club first playing as a mixed team in 1946, and later the same year forming a men's 1st XI with an inaugural tour to Aberdeen.
The men's 2nd XI was formed in 1950, with further pitch landscaping and drainage work taking place in 1959, Adel Hockey Club was originally a semi nomadic side playing at Bedquilts, then Ireland Wood and then Soldiers Field.
The invitation to join Adel gave the club luxuries other clubs didn't have including changing rooms and high quality grass pitches. Thus regular hockey started being played in 1962 at Adel.
In 1970 we merged with Fulneck Old Boys and the Men's 3rd XI was formed. A decision was made in 1971 to level, drain and seed the top field to create a ladies pitch in parallel to a ladies section. This was followed by the Mens 4th XI being formed in 1974 and the Ladies 2nd being formed in 1981. The Men's 5th XI started in 1985 alongside the Ladies 3rd XI, with the Mens 6th XI in 1991 and the ladies 4th XI in 1993.
The club first laid the artificial surface in 1997, and the first game was played on the 29th June 1997.
Adel has a place in history as the site of a Roman encampment (Burgodunum) built on the York Otley road some 2,000 years ago. The Norman Church that abuts our land was built on the site of a pagan temple that could have been used by the Roman soldiers. Links with these two historical events are evident today within the Memorial Hall. Adel Hockey Club adopted a Roman centurion helmet for their emblem whilst the Association and some of the sections adopted the Adel Church door knocker.
The start of the hall as a social centre came as Adel grew in size. One hundred years ago on the east side of what used to be Adel Church School playground, stood a barn like wooden building lit by paraffin lamps and heated by a single stove. It contained one large room with a stage and a small area used as a kitchen. By the end of the 1914-18 war it was in constant need of repair.
Whilst many villagers erected obelisks as a memory to the Great War, Adel with a more practical outlook created two memorials, the stone at the entrance to the car park and the Memorial Hall itself. Funds were raised by public subscription and land was purchased and donated.
This was the start of the Adel Memorial Hall and successive committees and sections have looked to improve and develop the facilities. Below taken mostly from the minutes is a shortened history of some of the major events linked with the development of Adel Memorial Hall and Adel Hockey club.
1876 Cricket is known to be played at Adel.
1919 Approval given to raise subscriptions towards a public Hall.
1922 Memorial stone arrives from Adel woods.
1924 Proposed road extension of Holt Lane to Alwoodly via what is now the Bowls, Tennis & Plastic Pitch (Plans shelved).
1928 Memorial Hall officially opened Nov. 14th 1928. Badminton section forms.
1929 Football played on cricket field. (Subsequently folds). Adel Church Tennis Club accounts transferred to Hall.
1931 Full Time caretaker appointed.
1933 Tennis change from grass to hard courts. Further extension provides billiard room, table tennis room & better kitchen.
Fishing Section formed. (Never mentioned again).
1946- Adel Hockey Club start as a mixed team from the Quaker meeting house playing at Bedquilts.
Bowling section formed. Green laid at a cost of £793.0s.6d.
Green opened 28th June by Sir George Martin. Billiard Room purchased for £1,200.00. Cricket pavilion bought from the defunct Creskeld C.C. for £475.14s 10d. Hockey Men's Team Formed Hockey tour to Aberdeen.
Cricket Pavilion opened June 26th.
Part time grounds man appointed.
1950- 3rd hard tennis court added.
Billiard room completed and opened 14th March.
Old billiard room now used for table tennis.
Hockey Men's 2nd Team starts.
1955- Tennis and Archery pavilion opened.
1959- Appeal launched for drainage & Landscaping.
Hockey & football field purchased from Bray family. Adel Hockey Club agrees to join Hall when pitches ready.
1962- Full time grounds man appointed.
Resolution passed to provide a members bar.
1966- Table Tennis section disbanded. License granted. Lounge bar opened January 13th.
1967- Football starts again after Hockey agree to give up one pitch. Ladies play on cricket outfield.
January E.D.lsle becomes Chairman of Memorial Hall.
1970- Main Hall lounge and billiard room all linked. New entrance, showers, changing rooms and new ladies toilet.
Adel H.C. merge with Fulneck Old Boys. Men's 3rd XI Formed.
1971- Decide to level, drain & seed top field to provide a ladies pitch.
Adel H.C. Men's 4th XI formed.
Suspended ceiling put into main hall with new lighting.
Dales Council wicket at Adel first used on top pitch. Swimming Club started.
1977 – Car Park re-surfaced.
Billiard Room. On field changing rooms with showers and toilets added.
1980 – 4th Tennis Court added.
1981 – Adel H.C. Ladies 2nd XI formed.
1984- Upstairs committee rooms and Table Tennis Room Built. Plastic cricket wicket laid.
1985- Adel H.C. Men's 5th XI formed. Ladies 3rd XI formed.
1986- 29th May cricket pavilion burns down.
1987 – New pavilion built.
1991- Bar extended with alterations to main door entrance. Adel H.C. Men's 6th XI formed.
1993- Adel H.C. Ladies 4th XI formed.
1994- Planning permission re-applied for and is successful.
1996- Grants received from Lottery Sports Fund for £197,700 and from the Foundation for Sports and the Arts for £40,000.
Adel H.C. Mixed Team formed.


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Soligenix gets patent for ricin vax; Kamada negotiating agreement for rabies jab;
Soligenix, a late-stage biopharmaceutical company, announced today that the USPTO has granted patent #7,829,668, titled "Compositions and methods for modifying toxic effects of proteinaceous compounds." This patent includes composition claims for the modified ricin toxin A chain which is the immunogen contained in RiVax. Soligenix release
Kamada is in advanced negotiations with an international pharmaceutical company, whose name it did not disclose, on a strategic cooperation agreement to complete clinical development and distribution of Kamada's KamRAB rabies vaccine. News
The legendary Australian immunologist who drove the eradication of smallpox and control of the 1950s rabbit plague died yesterday, aged 95. Frank "Bunny" Fenner was a brilliant scientist and philanthropist who made generous donations to the John Curtin School of Medical Research--which he headed until 1973--and the Australian Academy of Science, of which he was a founding fellow. He was also an advocate for public health. Article
Special Report:Top 10 Pharma CEO salaries of 2009. Report
Bill Gate's eureka moment came in June 2009 in an underground conference room at the World Health Organization's headquarters in Geneva. After a decade of giving away millions to eradicate polio, the billionaire philanthropist was being briefed on hours-old data showing how two doses of a new polio vaccine protected 37 percent more children than conventional ones. Story
Evey Jane, 3, has never experienced the dog flu, and her owner wants to make sure it stays that way. Evey got her annual prick in the shoulder, just like her human owner would to combat the seasonal flu. The dog flu was first discovered in 2004 when an unknown respiratory illness began showing up in racing greyhounds in Florida. Story
A set of new Canadian guidelines for childhood immunizations intended to reduce pain have been put forward by a panel of experts from across Canada. The guidelines were published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal on Monday. Report
Special Report: The 2010 Biotech Graveyard. Report

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text:
Association between neighborhood need and spatial access to food stores and fast food restaurants in neighborhoods of Colonias
Joseph R Sharkey1,2,
Scott Horel3,
Daikwon Han3 &
John C Huber Jr3
International Journal of Health Geographics volume 8, Article number: 9 (2009) Cite this article
To determine the extent to which neighborhood needs (socioeconomic deprivation and vehicle availability) are associated with two criteria of food environment access: 1) distance to the nearest food store and fast food restaurant and 2) coverage (number) of food stores and fast food restaurants within a specified network distance of neighborhood areas of colonias, using ground-truthed methods.
Data included locational points for 315 food stores and 204 fast food restaurants, and neighborhood characteristics from the 2000 U.S. Census for the 197 census block group (CBG) study area. Neighborhood deprivation and vehicle availability were calculated for each CBG. Minimum distance was determined by calculating network distance from the population-weighted center of each CBG to the nearest supercenter, supermarket, grocery, convenience store, dollar store, mass merchandiser, and fast food restaurant. Coverage was determined by calculating the number of each type of food store and fast food restaurant within a network distance of 1, 3, and 5 miles of each population-weighted CBG center. Neighborhood need and access were examined using Spearman ranked correlations, spatial autocorrelation, and multivariate regression models that adjusted for population density.
Overall, neighborhoods had best access to convenience stores, fast food restaurants, and dollar stores. After adjusting for population density, residents in neighborhoods with increased deprivation had to travel a significantly greater distance to the nearest supercenter or supermarket, grocery store, mass merchandiser, dollar store, and pharmacy for food items. The results were quite different for association of need with the number of stores within 1 mile. Deprivation was only associated with fast food restaurants; greater deprivation was associated with fewer fast food restaurants within 1 mile. CBG with greater lack of vehicle availability had slightly better access to more supercenters or supermarkets, grocery stores, or fast food restaurants. Increasing deprivation was associated with decreasing numbers of grocery stores, mass merchandisers, dollar stores, and fast food restaurants within 3 miles.
It is important to understand not only the distance that people must travel to the nearest store to make a purchase, but also how many shopping opportunities they have in order to compare price, quality, and selection. Future research should examine how spatial access to the food environment influences the utilization of food stores and fast food restaurants, and the strategies used by low-income families to obtain food for the household.
The economic and social burdens posed by nutrition-related chronic health conditions (e.g., obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes) are tremendous. It is well accepted that diet and nutrition influence health outcomes; much of the research focus has been on the relationship between nutrient intakes and disease processes [1]. The burden of nutrition-related conditions becomes greater for marginalized populations that face greater vulnerability to food insecurity, poor nutritional health, and adverse health outcomes [2]. One, such marginalized population is Hispanic families who reside in colonias along the Texas-Mexico border and are primarily poor. Colonias, which were developed from subdivided agricultural lands in response to a deficit in low-income housing [3], are substandard residential areas with inadequate roads, variable housing conditions (see Figure 1), and drainage which frequently does not provide access to safe water or sewer sources [4]. Almost 20% of these largely Hispanic households have a female household head, and half of all children are food insecure [5]. Almost 70% of all colonias in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas are located in Hidalgo County, where the number of colonias continues to grow [6]. Residents of colonias face great structural and neighborhood disadvantage, such as inadequate roads, limited or non-existent public transportation, and poor access to community resources [7]. This makes it particularly difficult for children and adults in these areas to initiate or maintain healthy eating habits that are critical for the prevention of disease conditions.
Photographs taken in three colonia neighborhoods in the study area.
Ecological approaches to behavior change and health recognize that there is a dynamic interaction between the individual and the environment [2, 8, 9]. For example, the consumption of healthy foods, such as fruits and vegetables, are recommended for overall nutritional health; however, they are often not easily accessible [10]. Local food environments, which are a primary source for food that is consumed, may have an effect upon health and well-being through food cost and availability [11–14]. In documenting a relationship between food access and health, studies have used several proxy measures for health: 1) access to fruits and vegetables or other healthy foods, 2) intake of fruits and vegetables, and 3) prevalence of obesity. In a Colorado study that involved data collection at multiple times, greater availability of produce was associated with greater increase in fruit and vegetable servings [15]. In a review of 12 descriptive studies, Robinson found that dietary behaviors and fruit and vegetable intake among African Americans in the U.S. were the result of several factors, including food access and availability [9]. Using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, Morland and colleagues found that regardless of race, fruit and vegetable intake was higher in census tracts with more supermarkets [11]. Additional observational studies supported this relationship [16–22]. In a study of urban New Orleans, Bodor and colleagues found that greater availability of fresh vegetables in the neighborhood, regardless of type of store, was associated with increased intake [23]. In contrast, a postal survey conducted among 426 respondents to a postal survey (42.6% response rate) in the U.K. found that travel distance to the nearest supermarket was not associated to either fruit or vegetable consumption [24]. In two U.K. natural experiments that involved the introduction of a new supermarket in an area that previously had limited access to food stores, the results were not consistent on a relationship between food access and consumption [25, 26]. Morland and colleagues looked at the relationship between food stores and obesity, using ARIC data, and found that obesity was associated with lower numbers of supermarkets and higher numbers of convenience stores within census tracts [27]. A large study in urban areas of Massachusetts found a significant association between environmental variables, such as presence of a supermarket, and obesity [28]. When considering away-from-home foods, such as fast food, Thomson and colleagues found a relationship between frequency of fast food consumption and development of obesity among U.S. girls [29].
However, the results of food environment studies from the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand that examined physical access to food stores are mixed. Some studies determined that families who live in poorer areas (e.g., lower socioeconomic or greater deprivation) or minority neighborhoods have little or no access to supermarkets, where there are larger selections of healthy foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy and meats) [12, 30–39]. Other studies found little or no difference in access to supermarkets between deprived and affluent areas [32, 40–45], or better access to food stores from more deprived neighborhoods [46–49]. Although the availability of healthy foods in food stores or consumption of healthy foods by residents is beyond the scope of this paper, it stands to reason that proximity of local food environments may influence food choice and adherence to dietary recommendations through food cost and availability [11–14, 18, 50].
Individual and community concerns with food security, limited access to supermarkets, higher costs for food (food price and transportation cost), and nutritional status are receiving increased attention [12, 18, 51–53]. However, there has been limited study related to: 1) use of multiple dimensions of spatial access to food stores, such as proximity (minimum distance) and coverage (number within a specified area), especially in the U.S. [14, 22, 35, 38, 40, 46, 49, 54]; 2) spatial equity – the distribution of food resources in relation to population need [46, 55–59]; 3) the growing influence of convenience stores and non-traditional food stores, such as mass merchandisers (e.g., Target, Kmart, Wal-Mart) and dollar stores on food availability [45, 60]; and 4) the increased reliance on fast-food meals for in-home and away-from-home consumption [42, 61, 62].
Using network-based spatial measures, our primary objective was to determine the extent to which neighborhood need is associated with spatial access to food stores and fast food outlets in areas of colonias by 1) identifying and geocoding all food stores and fast food outlets in a 197-census block group (CBG) area of Hidalgo County, using ground-truthed methods (direct observation and on-site GPS); 2) determining network-based potential spatial access using distance and coverage criteria; and 3) using multivariate models to examine the relationship between neighborhood need and potential spatial access to food stores and fast food outlets.
The study used data from the 2006–2007 Colonias Food Environment Project (CFEP), which was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Texas A&M University, and the decennial 2000 U.S. Census Summary File 3 (SF-3). The CFEP is a comprehensive study of the food environment that used ground-truth methods in 197 CBGs of Hidalgo County in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas (see Figure 2). The land area for the study encompasses 772 mi2, and includes approximately 80% of all colonias in the county. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 88% of the population in the study area self-identified as Hispanic/Latino; and more than 83% speak a language other than English at home [63].
Map of Texas and Hidalgo County study area with colonias neighborhoods. Study area indicated by darkened border.
Direct Measurement of Food Environment
Using a modified version of the 2002 North America Industry Classification System (NAICS) definitions [46, 64], three overall categories of food stores were identified: traditional food stores included supercenters, supermarkets, and grocery stores; convenience food stores included convenience stores and food marts; and non-traditional food stores were mass merchandisers (e.g., Kmart, Target, and Wal-Mart), dollar stores, and chain drug stores or pharmacies [65]. The following definitions were used to classify specific types of food stores by outside observation. Supercenters or superstores are very large stores that primarily engage in retailing a general line of groceries in combination with general lines of new merchandise, such as apparel, furniture, and appliances (e.g., Super Wal-Mart, Super Kmart). Although supermarkets and grocery stores primarily engage in retailing a general line of food, supermarkets are larger in size (>20,000 ft2), number of employees, and sales volume [30]. In this study, chain store identification and number of parking spaces (>100) were used to distinguish supermarkets from grocery stores [65]. Convenience stores or food marts primarily engage in retailing a limited line of goods that generally includes milk, bread, soda, and snacks. The convenience store category also included convenience stores with gasoline and gasoline stations with convenience stores. Mass merchandisers were large, general merchandise "value" stores, such as Kmart, Target, and Wal-Mart. Dollar stores are limited price general merchandise "value" stores, such as Dollar General or Family Dollar [66]. Pharmacies and drug stores that were part of national chains were included (e.g., CVS, Walgreens). Fast food restaurants were defined as limited-service restaurants where patrons order or select items and pay before eating. Since the fast food category of restaurants is more commonly associated with marketing less than healthy food items, other restaurant categories, such as full-service restaurants, which are seldom utilized by colonia residents [67], were excluded from study [68–70]. Using ground-truthed methods developed in a prior study and shown to be more accurate than the use of readily available data sources, food stores and fast food restaurants were identified by systematically driving all U.S., State, Farm-to-Market, and city/town roads in the study area [46]. Global Positioning System data were collected in front of each location using a Bluetooth Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)-enabled GPS receiver and the latest World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) datum. Locational points were determined after at least four satellite signals were detected. WAAS-enabled GPS has been shown to be significantly more accurate than typical, non-WAAS GPS [71], with positional accuracy of <3 meters [72].
Potential Spatial Access
Neighborhoods were characterized by CBG, which represent the smallest geographic unit of the census from which detailed "long form" social and economic data are tabulated [73, 74]. Two criteria of spatial access were calculated from the population-weighted centroid (population center) of each CBG [46, 75]: 1) proximity, and 2) coverage [40]. Proximity: ESRI's Network Analyst extension in ArcInfo 9.2 was used to calculate the shortest network distance along the road network between paired point data (population-weighted CBG centroid and the nearest corresponding food store or fast food restaurant within the study area). Separate distances were calculated from each CBG to each type of shopping opportunity – the nearest supercenter, supermarket, grocery store, convenience store, mass merchandiser, dollar store, pharmacy, and fast food restaurant in miles. Since both supercenters and supermarkets offer greater selections of foods, especially healthy options, and lower prices than other food store formats [14, 76], an additional distance measure was calculated to nearest supercenter or supermarket, which was defined as supercenters/supermarkets [35]. Coverage: Network Analyst computed the total number of each type of food store and fast food restaurant within a one-mile, three-mile, and five-mile buffer, using the shortest network distance from the population-weighted center of each CBG. Since the study area is not a large, highly dense urban area as much of the limited literature describes (e.g., Chicago, Detroit, Montreal, Los Angeles) [35, 40, 50], coverage distances were selected that represented a long walk (1 mile) and reachable by car (within 3 and 5 miles). Proximity measured the shortest distance needed to travel to a specific type of food store or fast food restaurant, while coverage indicates the number of shopping opportunities. More opportunities equates to greater accessibility [77].
Neighborhood Need
Using the 2000 SF-3, two socioeconomic indicators were used to estimate neighborhood need for access to food stores and fast food restaurants: 1) neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation, and 2) the percentage of occupied households without an available vehicle. Neighborhoods with greater socioeconomic deprivation or lower vehicle availability are likely to have a greater need for access to food stores. An additional variable – population density (total population per square mile) – was calculated to characterize neighborhoods [35].
Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation
Seven CBG socioeconomic measures were extracted from the SF-3 that represented neighborhood unemployment, telephone service, public assistance, complete kitchen, complete plumbing, low education attainment, and poverty. Using established procedures, CBG data were merged and a factor analysis, using iterated principal factor method (Release 9, 2005, Stata Statistical Software), was constructed to reduce the number of linear combinations and to identify an overall index of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation [46, 58, 78–80]. One factor (eigenvalue 3.7) was identified and provided item loadings (in parenthesis), which were used to weight each variable's contribution to the deprivation summary score [58, 78, 79]: percent unemployed (0.52), percent of households without telephone service (0.60), percent of families receiving public assistance (0.70), percent of households lacking complete kitchen facilities (0.79), percent of households lacking complete plumbing facilities (0.79), percent 25-years or older and with less than 10 years education (0.83), and percent living below the poverty threshold (0.81). The internal consistency of this measure was good (Cronbach's α = 0.79). The neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (deprivation) index was standardized by dividing the index by the square of the eigenvalue [58, 81].
Release 9 of Stata Statistical Software was used for all statistical analyses; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Descriptive statistics were estimated for the accessibility and need indicators. Spearman rank correlation method was used to test the direction and strength between access criteria and need indicators. Because nearby neighborhoods are more likely to have similar access characteristics than distant ones, we examined spatial nature of the data using spatial autocorrelation measures – i.e. how neighborhoods are spatially correlated in terms of access to different food stores. Moran's I statistics, one of the most commonly used measures of global spatial autocorrelation, were obtained for both distance and coverage methods of access measures. Spatial weight matrix was constructed based on binary connectivity (adjacency), and expected I, variance, and z-scores were obtained to assess significance of the correlation in Geoda [82]. Moran's I values range between -1 and 1, with values near 1 indicating highly positive spatial autocorrelation of similar access characteristics.
Finally, a single multivariate regression model was fitted to determine the relationship of neighborhood need (deprivation and vehicle availability) to potential spatial access to food stores and fast food restaurants, controlling for population density. The multivariate model was chosen instead of seven separate multiple regression models (one for each outcome variable) for two reasons: 1) the seven outcome variables are correlated with each other and the multivariate regression accounts for this correlation when testing hypotheses about the predictor variables; and 2) the final collection of models is easier to interpret if the same predictor variables are identified for all seven types of food stores and fast food restaurants.
There were 315 food stores (21 traditional food stores, 255 convenience stores, and 39 non-traditional food stores) and 204 fast food restaurants identified and geocoded. Traditional food stores included 3 supercenters, 11 supermarkets, and 7 grocery stores, while non-traditional food stores included 33 dollar stores, 4 mass-merchandisers, and 2 pharmacies. Forty-four percent of the fast food restaurants were national chains. Figures 3 and 4 show the spatial distribution of food stores, fast food restaurants, and CBG deprivation. Figure 3 shows that few food stores are located in high deprivation areas. In contrast, Figure 4 shows that convenience food stores and fast food restaurants can be found in areas of high deprivation.
Spatial distribution of traditional and non-traditional food stores using on-site GPS data. Census block groups are shaded to indicate the level of deprivation.
Spatial distribution of convenience food stores and fast food restaurants using on-site GPS data. Census block groups are shaded to indicate the level of deprivation.
The distribution of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics shows diverse levels of neighborhood need in the study area (Table 1). In data not shown, in 25% of the 197 CBG, at least 16% of households did not have an available vehicle; and in 10% of CBG, at least 24% of households were without an available vehicle. Table 1 also shows the distribution of proximity and coverage. Considering both proximity and coverage, neighborhoods had best access to convenience stores, fast food restaurants, and dollar stores.
Table 1 Neighborhood need indicators and spatial accessibility to food stores and fast food restaurants*
Spatial Accessibility and Need
Table 2 shows the correlation between potential spatial accessibility and need. Positive values of proximity coefficients denote greater minimum distance and poorer accessibility; and positive values of coverage coefficients denote greater diversity of shopping opportunities [40]. According to proximity criterion, neighborhoods of greater deprivation had significantly better access to a convenience store and poorer access to food from supercenters, grocery stores, mass merchandisers, and pharmacies. Neighborhoods with greater proportion of households without an available vehicle had better access to food from a supercenter/supermarket, convenience store, dollar store, and fast food restaurant. Considering both criteria of access, the results were inconsistent for access to grocery stores within one network mile; for more deprived neighborhoods, the distance to the nearest grocery store was further; access to multiple grocery stores within one mile was better. However, as the distance from the neighborhood increased, the relationship between deprivation and grocery stores became consistent in direction with the distance measure. Within one network mile, neighborhoods with a greater proportion of households without a vehicle had a greater number of opportunities for food from supermarkets, supercenter/supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, and fast food restaurants. This became relatively fewer opportunities within 5 miles.
Table 2 Spearman ranked correlations between potential spatial accessibility and neighborhood need
Accessibility to supercenters/supermarkets, convenience stores, and fast food restaurants were mapped using both proximity and coverage measures (Figures 5, 6, 7). Figure 5 shows similar inaccessibility to a supercenter or supermarket, using both measures. The nearest supercenter or supermarket is more than 3.6 miles (one way) from 25% of the CBG; more than 78% of CBG (n = 154) do not have access to one supercenter or supermarket within one mile; and 21.8% (n = 43) of CBG remain without access within three miles. In data not shown, 70.6% of CBG (n = 139) do not have a supercenter, supermarket, or small grocery within one mile; 29% of these CBG are considered high deprivation. Figures 6 and 7 depict both measures for access to convenience stores and fast food restaurants. Overall, neighborhoods had better access to convenience stores and fast food restaurants. However, more than 25% (n = 50) CBG do not have a convenience store within one mile; 49 of these CBG were also void of a supercenter, supermarket, or grocery store within one mile (data not shown). On the other hand, 75% of the study area had at least 14 convenience stores and 12 fast food restaurants within three miles. In data not shown, neighborhoods with lower population density had greater distance to nearest food store (all types) and fast food restaurant, and had less coverage of food stores within 1-mile and 3-mile buffers.
Neighborhood accessibility of supercenter/supermarket using minimum distance to the nearest location and variety (number of locations within 1- and 3-mile network distance). CBG are shaded to indicate relative distance (darker = greater distance) and variety (darker = greater variety).
Neighborhood accessibility of convenience stores using minimum distance to the nearest location and variety (number of locations within 1- and 3-mile network distance). CBG are shaded to indicate relative distance (darker = greater distance) and variety (darker = greater variety).
Neighborhood accessibility of fast food restaurants using minimum distance to the nearest location and variety (number of locations within 1- and 3-mile network distance). CBG are shaded to indicate relative distance (darker = greater distance) and variety (darker = greater variety).
Moran's I and z-scores for minimum distance, and 1-, 3-, 5-mile coverage methods are presented in Table 3. Overall we found evidence of spatial autocorrelation among nearby neighborhoods. Moran's I values are relatively higher for supercenters, supermarkets, grocery stores, mass merchandisers, and pharmacies, and lower for supercenter/supermarket, convenience store, dollar store, and fast food restaurants. This implies that, at least for the measure of proximity for supercenter/supermarket, convenience store, dollar store, and fast food restaurants, areas with similar values are less likely to be clustered in space. Based on the Moran's I values for the number of stores within 1 mile, the inference of less clustering in space for all stores could be made. However, we should be cautious interpreting this because it may be due to the fact that there are only small numbers of food stores within 1 mile.
Table 3 Spatial autocorrelation statistics for accessibility measures (distance and coverage)
Multivariate Models for Access
Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between area deprivation, vehicle availability and access to food stores and fast food restaurants, controlling for population density. Table 4 shows that, adjusting for population density, residents in neighborhoods with increased deprivation had to travel a significantly greater distance to the nearest supercenter/supermarket, grocery store, mass merchandiser, dollar store, and pharmacy. The results were quite different for association of need with the number of stores within 1 mile (Table 5). Deprivation was only associated with fast food restaurants; greater deprivation was associated with a fewer number of fast food restaurants within 1 mile. CBG with greater lack of vehicle availability had slightly better access to more supercenters/supermarkets, grocery stores, or fast food restaurants. Vehicle availability was not associated with variety of food venues within 3 miles (Table 6); however, increasing deprivation was associated with decreasing numbers of grocery stores, mass merchandisers, dollar stores, and fast food restaurants within 3 miles.
Table 4 Association between proximity and need, using multivariate linear regression
Table 5 Association between 1-mile coverage and need, using multivariate linear regression
This study extends our understanding of spatial access to food resources from neighborhoods that are more socioeconomically deprived or have greater proportions of households without available transportation by examining two dimensions of access: 1) proximity (distance) to the nearest food store or fast food restaurant and 2) coverage (number) of food stores or fast food restaurants within a specified distance [40]. In contrast to studies that narrowly define the food environment as supermarkets and/or fast food restaurants [38], our examination of access from primarily colonia neighborhoods in an area of high or persistent poverty along the South Texas border with Mexico focuses on all food stores (i.e., supercenters, supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, mass merchandisers, dollar stores, and pharmacies) and fast food restaurants.
Overall, neighborhoods had the best spatial access to a convenience store or fast food restaurant, both in the distance to the nearest convenience store or fast food restaurant and in the number of shopping opportunities at convenience stores or fast food restaurants within a certain distance of the neighborhood. Among traditional food stores, supercenter/supermarket provided greater proximity and coverage than any individual type of traditional food store. When neighborhood deprivation was considered, the results differed between proximity-determined and coverage-determined access. Using distance to the nearest store as a measure of access, CBG with increased deprivation were correlated with poor access to the nearest supercenter or grocery and good access to a convenience store. More limited availability of a vehicle was correlated with better proximity to a supercenter/supermarket, convenience store, dollar store, and fast food restaurant. However, after controlling for population density, increased deprivation was associated with greater distance to the nearest supercenter/supermarket, grocery store, mass merchandiser, dollar store, and pharmacy. Vehicle availability was not associated with any food store or fast food restaurant. This suggests that neighborhoods with greater need have poorer spatial access to the type of stores where greater selections and lower prices are available [83].
Initially, study results of coverage criterion showed that neighborhoods of greater deprivation were associated with better access to grocery stores within 1-network mile, which is opposite of the relationship using proximity. As the buffer distance increased, food store and fast food restaurant access declined with increasing deprivation. For neighborhoods with decreasing availability of a vehicle, access to food stores and fast food restaurants was greater within a 1-mile buffer, and reverse with increasing distance. After controlling for population density, neighborhoods of increased deprivation had access to fewer fast food restaurants within 1-network mile; none of the food stores was significant. At the same distance, neighborhoods with decreasing vehicle availability were more likely to have more supercenter/supermarkets, grocery stores, or fast food restaurants within one mile. At three miles, increasing deprivation was associated with fewer grocery stores, mass merchandisers, dollar stores, pharmacies, and fast food restaurants; all controlled for population density. At this same distance, vehicle availability was not associated with any aspect of the food environment.
Regardless of measure, access to the food environment, especially to supercenter/supermarkets, where the largest selections of affordable healthy foods are marketed [84], was a major problem for many residents of colonia neighborhoods in South Texas. Access in terms of distance to the nearest food store and the variety of stores within a given area was relatively better to convenience stores and fast food restaurants, where the opportunities for healthy foods are limited [65, 85]. This study found similar pictures of spatial distribution for proximity and coverage. The value of using both measures is in the disparate information that each provides. Proximity provides a measure of network distance to the nearest store of a specific type. This can also provide a sense of travel time from starting point. Coverage describes choice; that is, the number of stores and potential difference in selection and/or price that are available within a given area.
Unlike much larger urban areas [35, 40], none of the neighborhoods in this study had more than two supercenter/supermarkets within one mile and 94% did not have more than three within three miles. Being able to walk to a supermarket was out of the question for almost all the neighborhoods in this study. This compares with more urban areas in which a supermarket is walkable [38, 40, 42]. The difference in population density may explain much of this; for example, the Zenk study in Detroit estimated a median population density of 5367.4 while this study reports a median of 2528.9 [35].
There are several major strengths to this study, especially in relation to other studies. Instead of using a single measure of access, usually the distance to the nearest supermarket [35, 46, 86], this study used two different criteria of accessibility [40, 49]. Unlike prior studies that focused on supermarkets [17, 35, 40, 49, 87], this study extends our understanding of potential spatial access of neighborhoods to a dramatically changing food environment. One example of the type of changes that continue to occur is referred to as channel blurring, whereby retail stores have extended their product mix into food categories not previously carried [60, 88]. For example, convenience stores have extended their offerings of food items; supercenters have expanded; and growing assortments of shelf-stable and refrigerated food items have been added to dollar stores and mass merchandisers. As a result, this study presents a comprehensive look at the food environment and acknowledges the presence and contribution of different food store formats to the accessibility of food items. The exclusion of convenience stores, supercenters, dollar stores, and mass merchandisers would understate the availability of food items [65]. This is one of the few studies that used ground truthing to identify and collect on-site GPS data for all food stores and fast food restaurants within the study area. This approach provides a more complete and accurate depiction of the food environment than data from secondary sources [46]. In this study, we were able to better account for population distribution, thus minimize aggregation errors, by using population-weighted centroids, and provide more accurate access measures using network distance in calculating both minimum distance and coverage areas [46, 77].
This study has several limitations. The distance measurement describes shopping opportunities; that is, what is potentially accessible, but does not include where people choose to shop for food items. Although public transportation is not available in all areas, available transportation routes were not included. Distance measures assume that the home is the starting point; however, individual starting points vary and may include different activities as the beginning of multiple stops that include grocery shopping [89]. Finally, the results of this study may not be generalized to other areas.
Access and availability to the food environment will play a pivotal role for the nutritional health of families, especially among the increasing Hispanic population within neighborhoods of colonias. Many of these neighborhoods experience overall socioeconomic deprivation; many are home to large proportions of residents who have a low household income, are unemployed, or lack access to a vehicle. The lack of public transportation, especially in many of the areas, further marginalizes a large, disadvantaged population and limits their options for food resources. Indeed, it is difficult to initiate or maintain healthful eating habits without access to healthy foods. Knowing more about the food environment is essential for combining environmental approaches with traditional health interventions to make it easier for individuals to make healthier food choices [90]. The preparation for policy change to strengthen food assistance programs or program delivery activities, or interventions to improve nutritional health should include an understanding of the community – where people live and where they shop for food [90]. Additionally, it is important to understand not only the distance that people must travel to the nearest store to make a purchase, but also how much diversity in stores they have in order to compare price, quality, and selection. Future research should examine how spatial access to the food environment influences the utilization of food stores and fast food restaurants, and the strategies used by low-income Hispanic families in this area to obtain food for the household.
CBG:
census block group
CFEP:
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This research was supported with funding from the USDA Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Innovation and Development Grants in Economics Program, awarded by the Southern Rural Development Center, Mississippi State University. Analyses of the data and drafting of the manuscript were supported with funding from the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities grant # 5P20MD002295 and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Centers Program, through the Center for Community Health Development cooperative agreement #5U48DP000045. The authors acknowledge the insightful comments and suggestions from four anonymous reviewers.
Texas Healthy Aging Research Network (TxHAN) and Center for Community Health Development, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, USA
Joseph R Sharkey
Program for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, USA
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, USA
Scott Horel, Daikwon Han & John C Huber Jr
Scott Horel
Daikwon Han
John C Huber Jr
Correspondence to Joseph R Sharkey.
JS conceptualized the study and supervised the data collection. He carried out statistical analyses. SH carried out mapping of results. JS drafted the manuscript. DH carried out spatial analysis; JCH directed multivariate modeling. All authors approved the final manuscript.
Sharkey, J.R., Horel, S., Han, D. et al. Association between neighborhood need and spatial access to food stores and fast food restaurants in neighborhoods of Colonias. Int J Health Geogr 8, 9 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-8-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-8-9
Food Environment


text:
Topics ›
Climate Change & Energy ›
Harvard is committed to an energy efficiency-first strategy.
7,046 LEDs light 3.5 million books at Harvard Library, providing $18,000 annually in energy savings.
We're reducing energy even as demand is growing
Throughout the University, building managers and facility departments are saving money and cutting emissions by reducing the energy used by campus buildings. Increasingly, these teams are achieving deeper reductions by implementing innovative energy efficiency measures and undertaking on-going commissioning projects to optimize building performance.
Ninety-seven percent of the University's emissions are from building electricity use, heating, and cooling. As a first step in meeting its 2006–2016 climate goal, Harvard focused on increasing the energy efficiency of more than 600 buildings. As a result, building energy use is down seven percent across the University, even as the campus grew (energy use varies year-to-year depending on weather conditions). Total campus energy use was reduced by ten percent in the same time period.
Our energy footprint
Harvard's campus includes more than 600 buildings making up 25 million square feet. This includes a dozen different types of buildings, the largest by square footage are residential, lab, and office spaces.
Energy usage is dominated by labs, both for existing buildings and the new buildings
While laboratory buildings only account for 22% of building area, they make up almost half of overall campus energy use. Lab buildings have also had an outsized impact when we look at the square footage added after 2006, labs make up 60% of the energy usage attributed to these buildings.
From 2006–2016 Harvard's campus square footage grew by 3 million square feet, a 12 percent increase.

Although almost all space types have seen reductions, overall the total energy reductions were driven primarily by the lab spaces.

Neutralizing the impacts of growth
From 2006-2016 Harvard's energy use both increased, from the addition of new buildings and the conversion of existing square footage to more energy intensive spaces; and decreased, from a focused push to implement conservation measures in existing and new buildings.
This chart shows the competing trends from campus growth (dark blue) and energy conservation projects in existing buildings (light blue).

The cumulative energy use trend from new square footage has been a steady increase from 2006-2016. At the same time, energy conservation in existing buildings was driving big cumulative energy reductions. The result of these two competing trends is that for most of the years from 2006-2016 Harvard's building energy trend was flat or slightly up. In 2016 the net measured building energy reduction was 7% below 2006 levels, including growth and not normalized for weather (2016 was a warmer than average winter). Both data sets are measured net reductions and additions, not normalized for weather or "business as usual" assumptions. Increased usage from new buildings has been higher than reductions resulting from energy conservation in most years, with the exception of FY16 where reductions outweighed growth.
Pursuing energy efficiency first
Institutionalizing energy conservation
Since 2010, Harvard has had a commitment to conduct ASHRAE Level II energy audits on all energy intensive buildings. As a result of this commitment, more than 80% of the campus was energy audited, including all energy-intensive spaces.
Energy reduction requirements were also incorporated into the five-year capital planning process. As part of this process, Harvard's Schools report annually to the Office for Sustainability. OFS compiles and analyzes University-wide trends using this data to inform future strategy and policy-making.
Implementing cost-effective energy conservation measures
As part of the Climate Goal Implementation Plan, each of the Schools committed to implementing the energy conservation measures (ECMs) which were considered a good financial investment and also reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Through the energy audit process, Schools identified lists of potential projects, and Schools have been working to implement all logistically feasible projects that are net present value positive over 20 years so that they save money over the life of the equipment.
As a result of these efforts, the Schools and Departments have implemented more than 1,000 net present value positive (NPV+) energy conservation measures with a cost of $27 million and a project payback ranging from one to 16 years. The most common types of improvements were HVAC (heating and cooling) and lighting upgrades. The cumulative annual savings for these projects is estimated at $14 million, with an estimated present value of lifetime savings of $165 million.
These numbers are most certainly an underestimate as it considers only those projects formally reported to the University. We know there are many other energy conservation measures that were completed as part of capital projects, but were not tracked as separate ECMs or reported through the annual ECM reporting process. Additionally, these numbers include only those projects with accurate utility savings estimates; there are many more where the savings are uncertain, and these projects are necessarily excluded from the analysis.
Through this process, schools also reported about 800 capital projects that were not NPV+, but did result in energy reduction in the buildings (such as roof and window replacements, major HVAC upgrades, boiler replacements). These projects are tracked separately since the timing of these major investments is driven by capital renewal needs, not by the energy savings alone. The Schools have been routinely using these capital projects as an opportunity to use the Life Cycle Cost calculator to identify the options that will have the highest lifetime savings and choosing to invest in energy saving options. Schools have invested $56 million in these NPV- projects, with a cumulative annual associated energy savings of $2 million, and a lifetime savings of $20 million.
This chart shows the magnitude of project spending by project type, for both NPV+ and NPV- projects for all ECMs reported to OFS 2010-2017
Achieving our energy reductions:
Standards for all building projects
As part of the implementation efforts for the 2006–2016 Climate Goal the University set up standards and policies to align people around common priorities, while giving them the ability to adapt based on the local circumstances at an individual School or department.
Green Building Standards: The Standards ensure all capital projects and renovations incorporate long-term costs into decision-making, and include aggressive energy efficiency targets. Harvard's Green Building Standards require that major renovation projects achieve a minimum of 18% reduction below Massachusetts energy code.
Life Cycle Cost Policy: The Policy, tailored to Harvard-specific utility rates and data, is used by all Schools to evaluate energy conservation projects based on cost-effectiveness and environmental benefit.
Tools to implement projects
Harvard's $12 million Green Revolving Fund provides access to capital to facilities departments for smart, cost-effective projects. The Fund allows projects with paybacks of 11 years or better, as well as innovative financing options for "soft" costs for project analysis, bundling of projects, and using the fund to finance just the incremental cost of a more efficient component of a larger capital project.
The Fund has supported more than 200 projects, providing facilities departments with access to zero-interest capital for cost-effective energy and emissions reduction projects, including renewable energy installations. Schools also fund hundreds of other projects through other mechanisms.
2006-2016 Climate Goal
Off-Site Emissions Reduction
Preparedness & Resiliency
Feature Images:
Energy efficiency pays off
WCC evolves from a sustainable space into a high-performing, energy efficient facility
Amid Calls to Divest, Schools Explore Revolving Green Funds


Australian Terrier International Cordially invites you to a Monthly PRIVATE night of education.
1-605-715-4920 and the access code you will need is 692540 and hit # . They will repeat the access number to you (check to make sure you have it correct) and then hit the number one (1).
If you have problems entering the room, make sure you have the access number correct. If you are all alone listening to music you may need to call back.
We will be recording the call so others can listen to it as a podcast. When they tell you we will be recording, please press the number 1…you must do that so you do not get disconnected.
November we discussed alternative treatments for pain in dogs. Acupuncture, massage, low level laser treatments are some of the modalities that will be discussed.
We apologize the November discussion was not recorded.
Long time breeders, Sue Bachman and Theresa Schreeder, of Ryba Kennels. Theresa is also chair of the ATCA health committee.
April, May and June three-part series on Breeding, Stud Dog and Whelping.


oh.: oh. number one hundred and three.
oh. number one hundred and three.
I love you, but I won't break up with my boyfriend. So I keep lying to him and string you along. And because of this I always thought I didn't deserve to know you, to talk to you everyday, but I was able to get on with my life.
But last weekend happened, and you talked to those girls.
It's been two days since we last spoke.
I'm so alone without you.


Employers dedicate a substantial amount of time and resources designing core employee benefit programs in an effort to attract and maintain quality employees. They are increasingly challenged to remain competitive in the face of rising medical insurance rates and the need to select more affordable slimmed down benefit offerings. Needing to boost their overall benefits package so as to stay competitive, many employers are incorporating voluntary benefits in their overall benefits offering to complement their core benefits.
Explain My Benefits works with brokers and clients to develop a tailored communication and education strategy in support of comprehensive benefits offerings, integrating market leading voluntary benefits of exceptional value to employees. We are able to incorporate these offerings without imposing any additional administrative duties or costs for our clients.
Our Benefit Administration System, EMB Enroll, is fully customizable based on the needs of the client. Whether your company size is small or large, blue-collar or white-collar, centralized or de-centralized, Explain My Benefits provides state-of-the-art, cost efficient technology and benefit communication.
EMB Enroll creates improved efficiencies for the entire HR department. Combining these efficiencies with our streamlined enrollment solutions, HR department's workload are significantly reduced allowing for these departments to focus on other HR related duties. Our capabilities include a variety of services for companies to improve their benefits enrollment processes and benefit communication while meeting the unique demands of managing a company's benefit package.


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Legal & Regulatory Affairs The University of Texas Medical Branch
Legal & Regulatory Affairs
UTMB Office of Legal & Regulatory Affairs
Under the direction of Carolanda Bremond Woodgett, JD, Interim Chief Legal Officer, Vice President of Legal Affairs, the Office of Legal & Regulatory Affairs provides guidance and oversight for the following areas:
Office of Technology Transfer
The Office of Technology Transfer is responsible for the management of The University of Texas Medical Branch's Intellectual Property Assets, while promoting and encouraging scientific collaboration with industry.
Visit Tech Transfer
Department of Legal Affairs
The Department of Legal Affairs provides legal counsel and represents the entire institution on a wide range of issues involving operations, transactions, litigation management, public information requests and international affairs.
Visit Legal Affairs
Office of Institutional Compliance (OIC)
Institutional Compliance is responsible for promoting compliance with all applicable legal requirements, fostertering and helping ensure ethical conduct, and providing education, training, and guidance to all employees and faculty.
Visit Compliance
International Affairs provides programs and services to enhance and facilitate the stay of international staff and students at UTMB. These programs are offered in support of institutional research, clinical, and educational endeavors.
Visit International Affairs
The Office of Information Security ensures that UTMB's information resources, and the data on them, are properly protected through the development and implementation of policies and practice standards.
Visit Information Security
The Department of Contract Administration ensures contracting activities are compliant with State, System and UTMB policies. Contract Administration cultivates consistency and solid decisions in both the provision and the purchasing of goods/services.
The Department of Internal Investigations serves as neutral and unbiased fact finders into allegations of certain policy violations, civil rights, and higher education laws. Internal Investigations frequently reviews matters involving UTMB employees, students, and faculty alleging unlawful discrimination, retaliation, and sexual misconduct (including Title IX compliance).
Carolanda Bremond Woodgett, JD Interim Chief Legal Officer, Vice President of Legal Affairs
Carolanda Bremond Woodgett joined the University of Texas Medical Branch in January of 2011. She is an attorney specializing in employment law and litigation management, and she currently serves as the Vice President of the Department of Legal Affairs.
Prior to joining UTMB, Carolanda worked in the Labor and Employment Section in the Houston office of Fulbright & Jaworski L.L.P., where her practice focused on a variety of labor and employment issues, including Title VII, ADA, ADEA, FMLA, FLSA, workers' compensation, and other employment-related tort and contract issues.
Carolanda received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science and minor in Africana Studies from Wellesley College and a Juris Doctorate degree from the University of California at Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Law. She is licensed to practice law in the State of Texas.
Legal & Regulatory Affairs Organization Charts
Accounts for Department Funding, PS Account Codes and PS Commodity Codes
List of all Department Accounts (funding) under Legal & Regulatory Affairs
PS Account Codes Cheat Sheet for most commonly used codes (Based on Budget Load Roll-Up)
Commodity Codes to PS Account Codes XREF
Mapping PS Account to Budget and IFR Fin Stmts
Trusted Requestors
Travel: Completing a UTMB Non-Employee CBA Form, Sample Airfare Ticket and CBA Citi Statement
Scott-Financial Reporting: Monthly Reconciliation To Do List
Scott-Financial Reporting: How to run a datamart PS Financial report & setup Recon Report
Karen Andrews-Mack, BBA
Sr. Executive Assistant
kyandrew@utmb.edu


She's a diamond baby with the Robeez® Lucy Mini Shoez!
Leather upper with petal laser cutouts at vamp.
Elasticized ankle strap and heel.
Leather lining for a good in-shoe feel; however, the brand recommends to also wear socks if your child has extra sensitive skin.
Product measurements were taken using size 6-9 Months (US 3 Infant), width M. Please note that measurements may vary by size.


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Tuesday, October 17 2006
History in Chicago Newspapers @ East-West University
DePaul University professor Mike Conklin stops by East-West University for a lecture on "History in Chicago Newspapers." Conklin has served as a reporter and columnist at the Chicago Tribune and has contributed to the Encyclopeda of Chicago, Chicago Magazine and the Encyclopedia of American Journalism History. The talk is free at 7pm, with a reception at 6:30pm. Come to the fourth floor auditoriums at 816 S. Michigan Ave. to listen in. Call 312-939-0111 for more information.
Barack Obama @ Borders
You can't really knock Borders when they've got guests like this, can you? Take an hour in the middle of your day to see our state's senator, Barack Obama, as he reads from and signs his latest book, The Audacity of Hope. 12pm at 830 N. Michigan Ave. No charge to get in, but I'd come early because this is probably going to fill up fast. Call 312-573-0564 for more information.
Silent Running @ Film Center
The Gene Siskel Film Center is running a series of science fiction films through December. This week's film is Silent Running, the 1971 film directed by SFX legend Douglas Trumbull. The film screens this evening at 6:00, and includes a lecture by SAIC professor Jim Trainor. Tickets: $9, $7 for students, $4 for Film Center members. Film Center: 164 N. State. (312) 846-2600.
Robert Hass @ AIC
The former poet laureate reads from his work on this 51st anniversary of Poetry Day. Presented by the Poetry Foundation at 6 PM in Fullerton Hall. 111 S Michigan. Tickets are $10 to $15 and can be purchased by calling 312-787-7070.
Stanley Tigerman @ MCA
Architect Stanley Tigerman talks with Elizabeth Smith about "how good design can enhance life and preserve communities." In the MCA Theater at 6:30 PM. 220 E Chicago. Free, but reservations are required: call 312-397-4010 or visit the website.


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5 Cooking Swaps to Help Manage Cholesterol
Home > the Bridge > Community > Love Music. Stop Cancer. campaign launches to benefit lifesaving mission of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Love Music. Stop Cancer. campaign launches to benefit lifesaving mission of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Carrie Underwood, Lady A, Carly Pearce, Brett Eldredge, others join more than 300 radio stations to support Music Gives to St. Jude Kids program, create awareness for new monthly giving campaign
Launching today, dozens of popular artists and influencers such as Carrie Underwood, Lady A, Brett Eldredge, Carly Pearce, Kane Brown, Natalie Grant, Jonathan McReynolds, Mali Music, Jekalyn Carr, Banda MS and more will be rocking a new t-shirt with a colorful design and the powerful message Love Music. Stop Cancer. to raise awareness and support for kids with cancer and other catastrophic diseases at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital®.
Through upcoming radiothons and social media engagement, artists and radio personalities will be encouraging fans to support St. Jude by making a monthly pledge as a St. Jude Partner in Hope®. The t-shirt is an incentive for donors who register to participate. The campaign is part of a fundraising program called #MusicGives to St. Jude Kids that Jason Thomas Gordon, grandson of St. Jude founder Danny Thomas, founded to continue his grandfather's legacy.
Stop Cancer
This year more than 300 radio stations across the country representing a variety of genres will host annual St. Jude radiothons, knowing cancer is a multi-trillion dollar, multi-year problem requiring millions of supporters coming together to solve. Funds raised will help fuel the current six-year, $11.5 billion St. Jude strategic plan to triple its global investment to impact more of the 400,000 kids with cancer around the world each year.
Because of generous donors, families never receive a bill from St. Jude for treatment, travel, housing or food so they can focus on helping their child live. At St. Jude, music therapy is offered to patients and helps St. Jude kids achieve a variety of goals, from reducing pain and anxiety to supporting during physical therapy.
Visit musicgives.org to learn more about Love Music. Stop Cancer.
About St. Jude Children's Research Hospital®
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital is leading the way the world understands, treats and defeats childhood cancer and other life-threatening diseases. Its purpose is clear: Finding cures. Saving children.® It is the only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center devoted solely to children. Treatments invented at St. Jude have helped push the overall childhood cancer survival rate from 20% to more than 80% since the hospital opened more than 50 years ago. St. Jude won't stop until no child dies from cancer. St. Jude shares the breakthroughs it makes, and every child saved at St. Jude means doctors and scientists worldwide can use that knowledge to save thousands more children. Because of generous donors, families never receive a bill from St. Jude for treatment, travel, housing or food so they can focus on helping their child live. Visit St. Jude Inspire to discover powerful St. Jude stories of hope, strength, love and kindness. Join the St. Jude mission by visiting stjude.org, liking St. Jude on Facebook, following St. Jude on Twitter, Instagram and TikTok, and subscribing to its YouTube channel.
SOURCE ALSAC/St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
https://tnc.network/the-bridge/
5 Ways to Create an Accessible Lifestyle
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(Family Features) When cooking, keep in mind small changes that can make a big impact on heart health. High cholesterol is one of the major controllable risk factors for heart disease and stroke, with about 38% of American adults diagnosed with high cholesterol, according to the American Heart...
Food and Drink recipes


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Q: How to fetch user info from Facebook? I'm working on a PHP/MySQL website. A requirement is that users can either create an account normally, or click to login through facebook, in which case we need to fetch their name, email, and other profile data from facebook and redirect them to the sign up page with their details filled in.
However I have no idea of how this can be done. Can someone please give me a step by step breakdown of how this can be accomplished, including some sample code or relavent links to the documentation, if possible?

A: You have to use Facebook Connect in order to have Facebook functionality in your web site.
For that, you have to register yourself an application in http://www.facebook.com/developers/ in order to get API Key, Application Secret and Application ID (which are used for authentication purposes)
There are two choices - to use PHP API or to use Javascript API.
For the PHP API - I suggest you to check this website http://www.pakt.com/pakt/?id=5e17b48f5679ab47
For the javascript API ( http://developers.facebook.com/docs/reference/javascript/ ), you have to include this javascript file http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js like that :

With this, you have the very basic functionality of Facebook Connect in your page.
I suggest to go to the Facebook Docs and read for more methods and API calls.
How to login person
How to determine if user is connected
And much more - http://developers.facebook.com/docs/reference/javascript/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Are you ready to attend the Royal ark mariner meeting at the Chapter. But, you are lacking the regalia which must be needed in your attire for this grand ceremony. At Masonic Collection Ltd. we understand your predicament and bring exclusive variety of regalia collection which is specially designed for the Royal Ark Mariner Ram Grand.
At Masonic Collection Ltd. we believe in delivering quality products that denote the precious values of freemason. Our ram grand product category includes Royal Ark Mariner Grand Officers Collar Jewel, Royal Ark Mariner Grand Officers Collarette, Royal Ark Mariner Grand Officers Apron and many more that encompasses the finest detailing of excellent workmanship.


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Q: Error in handling a post request (Express, MySql, Postman When I'm trying to send a POST request using Postman, it gives me this error: "Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'product_title')"
app.post("/product", async (req, res, next) => {
  let product = {
    product_title: req.body.product_title,
    product_price: req.body.product_price,
    product_type: req.body.product_type,
    product_brand: req.body.product_brand,
  };
  let sql = `INSERT INTO products SET ?`;

  await db.query(sql, product, (err, result) => {
    if (err) {
      throw err;
    }
    console.log(result);
  });

  res.send("Added");
});

A: use ? keyword
  app.post("/product", async (req, res, next) => {
  let product = {
    product_title: req.body?.product_title,
    product_price: req.body?.product_price,
    product_type: req.body?.product_type,
    product_brand: req.body?.product_brand,
  };
  let sql = `INSERT INTO products SET ?`;

  await db.query(sql, product, (err, result) => {
    if (err) {
      throw err;
    }
    console.log(result);
  });

  res.send("Added");
});


Most patients understand that achieving a beautiful smile is an investment. They don't search for a dentist who offers traditional cosmetic dentistry; they search for a dentist who has advanced training and experience.
Dr. Peter Auster has over thirty years of experience designing and producing beautiful smiles. As the founder and past president of the Empire State Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, Dr. Auster is committed to achieving dental excellence. He along with Dr. Frances Tang was named "Top Dentist in the Hudson Valley" by their peers for the past ten years from Hudson Valley Magazine, and "The Face of Cosmetic Dentistry in the Hudson Valley" for the past two years. These accolades are not just given to any dentists, but the best.
I came to Dr. Auster because I had a lot of problems with my teeth. I had a gap in the front, discoloration, and some ridges and indentations. I didn't like the way I looked when I smiled. It seemed that no matter how much I cleaned and brushed my teeth, they didn't look nice. I came from another dentist that I thought was just tremendous but I was surprised at how modern the office was at Cosmetic Dentistry Associates, especially the digital imaging that allows me to see every small detail of every tooth in my mouth. Dr. Auster has all the latest technology, a great personality and best of all, my procedures never hurt. There is no pain. I came to him for cosmetic dentistry but I was so impressed that I have all my dentistry done there now.
At Cosmetic Dentistry Associates we take a patient first approach to cosmetic dentistry. It is easy to design a treatment plan that helps enhance your smile. However, with our years of dentistry experience, we understand that a "one size fits all" approach to cosmetic dentistry does not yield high-quality results.
We work with each patient to devise a treatment plan that is created especially to suit their unique needs. Our smile design technique allows us to create a solution that incorporates your dimensions, facial features, and personality to build a smile that is made specifically for you. Our Pomona, NY dentist office is equipped with state of the art dental technology and high-end materials to help aid us in your smile designed process.
As the founder and past president of the New York affiliate of the AACD, Dr. Auster has a unique set of skills that make him the ideal partner in your cosmetic dentistry journey. Dr. Auster has dedicated years of continuing training to stay at the forefront of modern cosmetic dentistry. So much so, that he was named a "Leader in Continuing Education" by Dentistry Today, a respected dental publication in the U.S., every year since 2017.
As the past director of the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, Dr. Auster has in-depth knowledge, experience, and expertise needed to create beautiful, long lasting smiles. When you choose an AACD dentist, you know you are excellent hands.
Our team of dentists takes a one on one approach to your smile makeover treatment. We know no two smiles are alike and work diligently to design a treatment plan that is as unique as you are. Our digital approach to cosmetic dentistry allows us to create many versions of your smile on a computer screen. You are then able to view your smile before we perform any treatment.
Our special digital imaging software combines 3-D photographs and videos to generate your projected smile. With a few clicks of a button, we are able to manipulate the images on the screen to create different variations of your smile. Our CDA Esthetic MockUps and smile design technology allow you to "try on" your new smile before we solidify your treatment plan. This way, you become an active partner in your smile makeover journey.
I was kind of self-conscious about my smile. I'm an entertainer, so I needed a much better smile than what I had. My old smile was kind of gray, and I had a space. I was just very self-conscious of it, so I always found myself laughing with my hand in front of my mouth, which is awkward. If you're a comedian without a smile, you're like a ballerina with a peg leg. You need to be able to smile. Laughter begets laughter, and if you're having fun on stage, people sense that, and they feed into it. If you're hunched over and hiding your smile, that's going to be conveyed to the audience in a negative way. So this really was a business expense. So far it's been the most wonderful investment I've made in a long time.
Comedy is a dream job – if you dream of poverty and rejection, so I didn't have tons of money. I went and sat down with Peter and he was very nice and forthcoming. He recognized me from something I had done on television, and so we had a great time. We hit it off right away. I was hesitant at first. I'm a dental phobic, and I've always been a dental phobic, but he explained everything. He took the intimidation right out of it. He told me, "I will do my best to make this not painful," which I was nervous about. He was a man of his word – it wasn't that arduous. I said, "Let's go for it!" and he remade my smile.
Your smile is your calling card. It's the first thing people see, and it's worth getting it done and done right. That's why I am very, very happy with my experience. He's an excellent dentist and knows what he's doing. This is his life. He's really a ninja… a black belt of dentistry.
To create a treatment plan for your smile, one of our experienced dentists will perform a complete evaluation of your teeth. During your evaluation, we will discuss your cosmetic goals, your dental concerns, as well as explore your treatment options.
It's one thing to create a beautiful smile, it's another thing to create a smile that also is functional and long-lasting. Our goal is to create a natural looking, stable smile that is built to last a lifetime.
We work with you to design and implement the best treatment plan for your smile. If you would like to explore your treatment options, visit our Pomona cosmetic dentist office.
Dr. Auster and Dr. Tang are experienced cosmetic dentists in Pomona, NY. Their unique experience, skill, and commitment to dental excellence make them your ideal partners in your journey to a beautiful smile. If you would like to learn more about our services and explore your options, schedule a consultation with our team. To schedule an appointment, call (845) 241-0656 or request an appointment online.
3 Reasons to Consider Porcelain Veneers for your Smile MakeoverReverse the Signs of an Aging SmileDo you have sleep apnea?


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Q: Amazon s3 upload image I have a image url:
http://mariagecotesud.com/images/partenaires/imag-en-soie/imag-en-soie_big_4.jpg

I want  to upload this image to my amazon s3 bucket with the help of php. Is any way to upload direct on my amazon s3?

A: If you are asking "Can I tell amazon where to find the image and have it loaded into s3 directly from that remote location", the answer is no.
You can certainly upload the image to S3, but the first part of your code has to be the retreiving of that image from the target URL and saving to a local file, and then including that local file name in the S3.PutObject call.
Downloading the image from your URL to a local file should be trivial to implement, and once you have it locally, uploading it is also easy using the SDK.


Knowledge management, now a distinct domain of research and practice, has roots in many disciplines. As a result, a wide variety of philosophies, theories, and definitions of knowledge management are used in the literature, and in practice. This has led to many models and methodologies being used in developing knowledge management systems, but without sufficient cross‑pollination of ideas from the various influences and adopted philosophies. We argue that this has led to significant gaps in the understanding of what is needed for knowledge management systems and to divergent and inadequate models and methodologies. These problems are hindering both research and practice. Fieldwork in knowledge management systems development for organisations has been supplemented by an in‑depth analysis of the literature, which has revealed particular gaps in knowledge management systems research. The notions that should underpin knowledge management systems development are confused and incomplete. This paper summarises the most salient of these and challenges several of the published notions of knowledge, knowledge management, and models of knowledge management. In particular we challenge the apparently accepted dichotomies and propose how different facets can be considered within a matrix of KM models.
The practice of developing knowledge management systems in organizations is hindered by a lack of research into (a) what is a knowledge management system, (b) how to develop a knowledge management system in practice, and (c) what role (if any) information technology should play in supporting a knowledge management system. Hence the use of ad hoc, proprietary approaches by practitioners. This paper addresses this gap in research and in practice by presenting five principles from a set of 12 that that emerged through a grounded theory study of the practice of developing knowledge management systems in organizations. The paper focuses on how each of the principles (i) emerged from, and was validated in, evidence collected from developing knowledge management systems, (ii) is connected to related work in the literature, and (iii) informs the practice of developing knowledge management systems. The principles have fundamental implications for the practice and research of developing knowledge management systems in an organizational context. In practice, the principles offer practitioners useful insights into developing knowledge management systems in a way that delivers value to organizations. In research, the principles address several problematic aspects of the literature, particularly concerning divergence, fragmentation and inconsistencies in definitions for knowledge management systems, the purpose for developing knowledge management systems and the role of IT in supporting knowledge management systems. Furthermore, the paper helps distinguish between information systems, which are often used in knowledge management and knowledge management systems whose characteristics, according to the principles presented are very different.


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