Black guy gets a massage from an asian girl with happy ending.
She has "Asian-Dating Experience": This is the biggest, most obvious indicator a girl can give you that she's into Asian men in general and you in specific. Trust me, anytime a girl has ever told me she had an Asian boyfriend before, I can pretty much romantically connect with her % of the time.
Yes, we all implicitly know what's going on here — why else did America go to war in two Asian countries last century?
Comments As a South Asian woman with a long and pluralistic dating history, I am amazed these days to see two couples comprised of Asian women and Black men every week. The sugary romance between the excessively noble characters played by Parminder Nagra and Shafiq Atkins on ER follows the much hotter one between Ming Na Wen and Mekhi Phifer that ended two seasons ago. What accounts for such interest?
This doesn't mean that white girls who date black guys think that they're above black women. This is not to say that white privilege doesn't exist, it just means that white women don't think they can automatically get a black guy just by virtue of being white.
Close to a million matches later whew! I swear to Shiva Obvious exaggeration here but you get my point. Ethnicity Distribution among CMB members vs. We divided White into Jewish and non-Jewish for the purpose of this analysis. This is largely due to the fact that we first started our service with a group of young, urban professionals our own friends!
Jun 3, since race is a sensitive issue when it comes to dating asian women dating asian girl dating and asian women but on looks. What do when it comes to really prefer to dating a black girls .
When it comes to online dating, Asians might appear to be the most "popular" singles. A survey by revealed that, among all races and genders, Asian women receive the most online dating.
My dad is of mixed European ancestry and self-identifies as White, and my mom is half Puerto Rican and half Italian and identifies as multi-racial however, she acknowledges that she can oftentimes pass for White and as such does benefit from White privilege. I grew up in a predominantly White area and was one of the only Asian American students for the entirety of my grammar and high school career.
During and after college, I have maintained a diverse group of friends and have had the good fortune to travel to various places in Asia including a two year stint in Korea and Taiwan, as well as less extensive periods in Hong Kong, Japan, and mainland China.


JP Nicols of FinTech Forge talks about how this year's finalists for the BAI Global Innovation Awards exemplify first-class innovation across categories from data analytics to community impact.
Oracle's Sonny Singh discusses how banks need to adopt an overarching high-tech mindset that embraces innovation to give customers maximum value and satisfaction, inside and outside the branch.
Titi Cole, executive vice president, head of operations at Wells Fargo, talks about the changing technologies and mission of bank employees as they strive to make life better for their customers.
John Maniscalco discusses how TD Bank puts itself in the customer's shoes to build what it calls a more human experience.
Betty Cowell, senior advisor at Simon-Kucher & Partners, shares what banks large and small can expect on the retail front in the second half of 2018.


Knox County Mayor Tim Burchett has proposed changing the county's public records policy to remove the ban on taking pictures of public records, a ban that was adopted when the county updated its public records policy to include language from a state model policy.
Many citizens and journalists have complained about what appears to be a new and growing practice of not allowing people to take a picture of a public record, particularly as cell phones have become a popular way to "take notes" and share information.
Four members of the state's Advisory Committee on Open Government (see links below) have asked the Office of Open Records Counsel to update its model policy.
Lee Pope, the Open Records Counsel who was the deputy counsel when the model policy was adopted in January, told the Knoxville News Sentinel that the office interprets the law to allow government entities to dictate rules surrounding how copies are made.
"Really it allows them (government entities) to adopt reasonable rules … I can't say whether or not allowing cellphones to take pictures is unreasonable," Pope told the Knoxville News Sentinel.
D. A requestor will [not] be allowed to make copies of records with personal equipment.
It is becoming clear from citizen and journalist phone calls and emails to TCOG that a growing number of government entities have adopted the "will not" language and are banning citizens in all circumstances from taking pictures of public records based on this language, or from using any personal equipment to make copies.
State lawmakers have also expressed concern about the new policy, which has been adopted by several state agencies. Most notably, state Sen. Mike Bell, R-Riceville, asked three state agencies before his Joint Government Operations Committee in September to change their newly adopted policies to allow use of phones to take pictures.
Burchett's proposed amendment must be reviewed by the Law Department, which originally drafted and presented the policy, and must be approved by the Knox County Commission before it takes effect.
Several surrounding states have already addressed the issue of taking photos of public records, with attorneys generals in those states sometimes issuing opinions that recognize that such restrictive policies conflict with their state laws that call for the fullest possible public access to public records — as does Tennessee law.
Kentucky, Virginia, Georgia, Maine, Iowa, Florida, Washington, Texas, Arizona and Louisiana are just some states that allow photography and use of personal equipment to make copies of non-exempt public records. If there are restrictions, they are narrow and limited to when there is a credible threat of damage to the document.


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Stem Cell therapy – Beware.
Beware the stem cell clinics mimicking trappings of science
Clinical Ethics Research
Posted byRuby Prosser Scully
If you sign up to a clinical trial, you may think whatever treatment you're getting has been signed off on by an ethics board and has at least passed some safety and efficacy tests.
But when it comes to stem cell treatments, you may be being misled.
In Australia, and worldwide, stem cell treatments have been marketed as a cure for everything from autism to dementia, and websites adopt the language and trappings of science to lead patients into thinking the approach is part of mainstream medicine.
Some clinics are going so far as to register seemingly legitimate trials on the US government-run database, ClinicalTrials.gov, to recruit customers then charging them thousands of dollars for the service.
Ironically, the public clinical trial registry was created in 1997 to increase transparency around research, in part by declaring the scope of a trial at the outset in order to prevent modifying the outcomes afterwards. But it is often also used by patients and clinicians to find trials they may be eligible for.
It turns out this free and relatively unmonitored database can also be a good way of advertising unproven and potentially dangerous treatments under the guise of legitimate clinical research.
Unlike legitimate research however, these trials demand money for the therapy and often never publish clinical data in peer-reviewed journals, instead choosing to only publicise positive anecdotes.
One of these clinics with registered trials on the government database was behind the high profile cases where three of its patients went blind or had severe vision loss after having stem cell therapy for age-related macular degeneration.
Clinical trials are just one of the "tokens of legitimacy" that Canadian health law expert Professor Timothy Caulfield says clinics use to portray themselves as being part of the medical establishment and exploit the trust customers have in science and scientific institutions.
Others include renting space in, or near, universities and hospitals to increase their appearance of legitimacy.
"The other thing these clinics are doing is using predatory journals to make it look like they're publishing in this space," the Canada Research Chair in Health Law and Policy explained.
"So when you have a website that has a clinical trial registered on it and that looks like they have publications, it becomes really difficult to tease out the real stuff from the fake stuff."
Even crowdfunding campaigns are contributing to misrepresentation, according to a study published in the journal, Regenerative Medicine, last week.
Across 78 different campaigns, which raised around half a million dollars for stem cell treatments, campaigners commonly described the treatment as being part of a clinical trial, sometimes even calling them "government-approved clinical trials".
Campaigners often believed their participation would contribute to the scientific literature and benefit thousands of future patients, the authors reported.
These shoddy practices were under the magnifying glass at the EuroScience Open Forum in Toulouse last week, where experts revealed the tactics clinics are using to manipulate customers into believing the treatments have more mainstream acceptance in the medical community than they really do.
Hyping up the possibility for cure and downplaying or omitting the risks is commonplace both in the media and in the industry itself.
Professor Ana Iltis, at the US center for Bioethics, Health and Society at Wake Forest University, said one way to describe this was that "stem cell clinics are providing incomplete, slanted and sometimes even false information to get people who are in need of treatment to agree to do something that puts them at physical risk and that costs them a great deal of money".
"It involves an unfair taking advantage of their need and lack of knowledge, and deceives them for the clinic's gain."
Posted on February 28, 2019, in Uncategorized. Bookmark the permalink.	Comments Off on Stem Cell therapy – Beware..

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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What Do People Make On Chaturbate
Lets Learn All About What Do People Make On Chaturbate
Chaturbate is a free video streaming service that enables people to share their own webcam videos.
In this post, I am going to go over What Do People Make On Chaturbate.
In the last few years, the website has ended up being a popular method for people to display their preferred body parts and to masturbate in front of a camera.
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The hot designs on the Web do well due to the fact that they build their own social media accounts and utilize socials media to spread the word about their organization.
The designs, referred to as broadcasters, may at first be motivated by exhibitionism or the adventure of gaining a following, however they keep at it because of the cash.
Chaturbate is a location where people publish material and make money.
It is a way to engage an audience and attract who are then going to pay for superior membership and special gain access to.
It 's an appealing environment where you get to engage with new individuals and see them while you 're on their computer systems or mobile phones.
For numerous models, it 's a task and as such, they 're more like strippers at a strip club or models in a shiny publication who promote themselves in order to grow a fan base.
Just how much cash the models make as cam performers can differ rather drastically.
It can be anywhere from pocket-money, through salary-level earnings to real life-changing amounts for those who treat being a camera girl as a major occupation and devote themselves to being the very best performers they can.
Similar to any home entertainment profession, the hereditary lottery plays a huge role in one 's success.
Many cam designs use their cam to demonstrate their sexuality and to have a little bit of enjoyable.
They also provide a service, which is the capability to be supervised while they masturbate themselves or see other people masturbating. What Do People Make On Chaturbate
More Questions About What Do People Make On Chaturbate?
People who see Chaturbate videos have a variety of motivations. Voyeurism is not one of them.
Real voyeurs are much better served by the devoted voyeur web cam house sites such as Reallifecams, Voyeurhouse.com, Voyeur-House. tv, and Camarads Cam.
The factor for visiting these sites is to engage with the appealing models who frequently offer live chats, image shoots, and even sex.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a term used to explain the next generation of linked gadgets such as home appliances, automobiles, drones, and physical fitness trackers.
The world of IoT is greatly underappreciated. Many of the world 's wise products are invisible and, as such, they are hardly ever used in the real world.
Online dating sites are developed to make conference somebody easy and enjoyable by using chat rooms to bring people together.
People can talk to each other directly from their computer systems without needing to talk with each other face to face.
Many users of Chaturbate prefer being able to interact with models on their site. That's one reason they check out the site routinely.
Other users like to watch the videos of live broadcasts. It gives them a chance to see how well they can interact with models.
It enables individuals to make a username, submit a video, and communicate with the community. What Do People Make On Chaturbate
You may think about Chaturbate as just another cam website, however it 's a lot more than that.
It is a live video web cam sex chat site where users of any ages have the ability to relay their own individual webcams to audiences, and connect in genuine time with strangers worldwide.
The category of Chaturbate viewers is pretty diverse.
Those individuals who enjoy to quickly be promoted to orgasm and discover the pre-recorded pornography to be too dull.
At Chaturbate, individuals can spend for sex shows that they will quickly see on their cellphone.
They can do this by going to the Chaturbate website, registering and supplying payment information, and then searching to the channel of the performer they desire.
To put it simply, Chaturbate is a way for viewers to meet up with performers they wouldn ' t be able to fulfill elsewhere and have sexual encounters.
Chaturbate is the world's top live camming site with over 4 million designs and 30 million active users monthly.
Models on Chaturbate earn in between $1 and $10,000 monthly, depending upon their choices and other elements.
Tokens are worth about 10 cents to purchase, and about 5 cents to the model who receives them.
Some broadcasters will offer a pointer menu where they show how much they anticipate to receive in order to do a specific demand.
For instance, a model may request 50 tokens to show her breasts, or 500 tokens to insert a dildo in herself.
Rates are really variable and there is no standard prices.
Teledildonic sex toys, that is vibrators that are remotely controlled, and often worn internally by Chaturbate designs.
The popular Lovense Lush with the noticeable pink "tail" is the most common model used.
By utilizing ideal interfacing software the vibrator can be triggered by the audience's suggestions.
This indicates that the actions of the viewer, investing cash on the design, are straight and instantly felts as a physical sensation in her genital areas.
This produces a positive physical, psychological and financial feedback loop in which both designs and customers are delighted.
The limitation is only in the amount of money the audience is willing to invest and the amount of genital stimulation the model can sustain. What Do People Make On Chaturbate
These vary it isn't uncommon for both these limits to be successfully endless and really high.
Designs likewise offer private programs in which an audience gets special access to her throughout of the show, and as there is a per-minute charge associated with the personal show it is anticipated that she will carry out a program for the audience that includes whatever he requests.
It prevails for viewers to spend for a personal show so that they can have a sense of personal privacy or exclusivity and might not particularly ask the model to carry out a particular activity.
Typically a design will be taken into a personal program just for the viewing client to ask her to do "whatever you like", which is usually code for masturbating and accomplishing orgasm.
Viewers who ask for this enjoy the satisfaction of understanding they have pleased the design which she has orgasm since of what they have actually done, in this case paid for a personal show.
Some customers get heavily invested in their preferred models.
In some cases they forget no other way they will ever get to fulfill personally which the relationship is simply online and part of paid home entertainment.
The models need to motivate their fans to be purchased their relationship, as just then will they produce an earnings from receiving suggestions and fees for private shows, but at the very same time ensure that the relationship remains on a professional, if friendly and intimate, level.
It prevails for audiences to get in the room of a webcam woman and immediately ask if she is or has a partner married, and ask where she lives. What Do People Make On Chaturbate
This is a clear sign that the viewer has actually mistaken Chaturbate for a dating or mail-order-bride site, and while it might hold true that real-life relationships often start online, this is not the intended purpose of Chaturbate.
Do you have another answer to What Is Chaturbate? Let me understand in the comments listed below or in the cam girl online forum.
Chaturbate is one of the top go-to destinations for live webcam talking online.
It boasts the most brand-new performers of any live camera website of its type and a broad range of designs serving a range of various specialized interests, which can be checked out through the websites tags.
The setup of the site isn't right away instinctive– the design appears a little dated compared to Jasmin, however the body and gender diversity in models is greater.
While the larger selection of designs is a plus, numerous are clearly new to camming, and their unsophisticated images/sound quality sadly dissuaded me from remaining some spaces, even when I really liked the entertainer.
Poor quality streaming that cuts or lags out is a tease– and not the great kind.
Chaturbate provides pages upon pages of tags, but the only drop-down menus using subcategories exist under the headers male, female, couples, and trans.
This might be an issue if you, like me, highly determine as anything outside these definitions.
I identify as pansexual– if you're hot, captivating, and giving me a good show, you could have a tentacle in your trousers for all I care (in reality, if you do, call me, I'm into it.).
I'm likewise to brought in to individuals who, like me, present as gender-nonconforming, however it does not look like Chaturbate has the language or interface offered for me to search performers who relate to that criteria. What Do People Make On Chaturbate
Chaturbate is an online streaming platform where you can talk with complete strangers from all over the world. There are numerous kinds of online chats and each type has various benefits.
Chaturbate is the # 1 online adult camera website because it provides users a complimentary account that lets you stream live webcam programs, talk in private chats and browse countless live webcam models.
Chaturbate offers you numerous ways to monetize your account and get paid for your time.
Chaturbate is an online video chatroom where you can have sex with females survive on cam and you can likewise make love with ladies reside on web cam or see them play with themselves.
There are more than a million signed up users of the chatroom and they all make money when other users purchase their tokens. What Do People Make On Chaturbate
What's the real worth of Chaturbate's tokens?
Chaturbate token value depends on lots of factors, however the majority of them resemble those of any other social network.
The website is totally free for members.
Chaturbate offers an exceptional subscription, which allows users to make tokens.
Response: If you wish to do any type of modeling, you need to be self-aware. Do not be too shy; it makes it more difficult to get tasks.
You also have to be prepared to accept anything you're provided.
Sometimes you may even have to pay someone to have your photo taken.
The industry has actually changed a lot in the previous number of years, however most people are still shooting and publishing their pictures themselves.
Chaturbate was the first webcam website ever released on the web.
It began as a niche webcam website that focused only on sexual material, then gradually broadened to include mainstream video feeds.
You can also produce your own video feed which lets you display yourself and others. There's no membership fee, so there's no risk of being scammed. What Do People Make On Chaturbate
You can inform if a design has the ability to see you if you remain in the chatroom while talking with them.
They are not seeing your live stream or web cam feed if they seem sidetracked or their actions appear slow.
If they don ' t respond at all, it is likely that they can not see you.
Tokens usually feature a set quantity of time.
Do you have another answer to What Is Chaturbate? The token cost is calculated in terms of United States Dollars. You can also develop your own video feed which lets you showcase yourself and others. What Do People Make On Chaturbate
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Tour de Yorkshire, Saturday 4th May at 11:15 & 16:15
Due to the Tour de Yorkshire running through Grosmont village on Saturday 4th May, there will be a rolling road closure in place stopping road traffic from getting to Grosmont village and the station.
Planned Road Closures - Grosmont
11:15 to 12:30 - Women's Race
16:15 to 17:20 - Men's Race
To view all planned road closures for the area, please visit: https://www.northyorks.gov.uk/tour-de-yorkshire
Pullman Dining Passengers
All passengers for the Moorlander Lunch service on 4th May should aim to arrive at the station before 11:15. A complimentary drink will be offered to diners at Grosmont Station Tea Room before the service can be boarded. We apologise for the inconvenience this may cause.
NYMR Services
Some of our services may be held for a short time at Goathland or Grosmont stations until Grosmont crossing is clear of cyclists and race viewers. We apologise for any inconvenience this may cause and we hope that disruption to the timetable will be minimal.
If you would like to see the athletes climb the Côte de Grosmont, the women's race is scheduled to pass at 11:44, with the men's race following later at 16:46.
Behind the Scenes Event 4, 5 & 6 May
Have you ever wondered what it takes to run a steam train, operate a signal box or how a locomotive works? Wonder no more, as the North Yorkshire Moors Railway (NYMR) is set to reveal what goes on behind the scenes.
During the Bank Holiday weekend of May (4, 5 & 6 May) NYMR will once again open its doors and invite the public to learn about the inner workings of a heritage railway, as well as quirky demonstrations and a sneak peek behind usually closed doors! To find out more and to book visit here.
Updated 29/04/19 13:45
Author: Peter Fisher
Winter Raffle Results 2019
The North Yorkshire Moors Railway Raffle draw results for Winter 2019. Check now to see if you have won!
Building bridges for the future
Work has now begun on NYMR landmark Bridge 27. These works are the first in a series of scheduled vital repairs for the world-famous visitor attraction and popular movie location, as part of its Yorkshire's Magnificent Journey project.
NYMR to gift ultimate Christmas experience to special little helper
We are asking people to nominate their favourite little helper who has a merry mindset and is always helpful to others.
NYMR appoints two new apprentices
Bright sparks, Finn Allen and James Woodland, have joined NYMR as mechanical engineering apprentices.
Official 2020 Photo Calendar is now available
We are pleased to announce that our Official 2020 Photo Calendar is now available to purchase.
Railway in Wartime: Friday 11th until Sunday 13th October.
Passengers of all ages will be transported back to the 1940s for a weekend filled with the camaraderie and community spirit of World War II this October.
Railway in Wartime returns to NYMR
Passengers of all ages will be transported back to the 1940s for a weekend filled with the camaraderie and community spirit of World War II, when North Yorkshire Moors Railway (NYMR) hosts its Railway in Wartime event from Friday 11th until Sunday 13th October 2019.
As the Government moves to ban coal, HRA calls for compromise
Chris Price, has joined the HRA Board. He is driven to work alongside his fellow board members and Stephen Oates, the HRA CEO, to protect heritage railways, coal and the future of steam in the UK.
Full steam ahead for 2019 Steam Gala
Back by popular demand and bigger and better than ever, NYMR's Annual Steam Gala returns this autumn with over 15 legendary locomotives, plus more railway themed activities than ever before.
It's as easy as 1, 2, 3 for the NYMR's TV show
We are pleased to announce that filming for season three, 'The Yorkshire Steam Railway: All Aboard' began this August, after the last season was watched by over 1.05 million per episode.


"Restricted Additive Schwarz Preconditioners with Harmonic Overlap for " by Xiao-Chuan Cai, Maksymilian Dryja et al.
A restricted additive Schwarz (RAS) preconditioning technique was introduced recently for solving general nonsymmetric sparse linear systems. In this paper, we provide one-level and two-level extensions of RAS for symmetric positive definite problems using the so-called harmonic overlaps (RASHO). Both RAS and RASHO outperform their counterparts of the classical additive Schwarz variants (AS). The design of RASHO is based on a much deeper understanding of the behavior of Schwarz-type methods in overlapping subregions and in the construction of the overlap. In RASHO, the overlap is obtained by extending the nonoverlapping subdomains only in the directions that do not cut the boundaries of other subdomains, and all functions are made harmonic in the overlapping regions. As a result, the subdomain problems in RASHO are smaller than those of AS, and the communication cost is also smaller when implemented on distributed memory computers, since the right-hand sides of discrete harmonic systems are always zero and therefore do not need to be communicated. We also show numerically that RASHO-preconditioned CG takes fewer iterations than the corresponding AS-preconditioned CG. A nearly optimal theory is included for the convergence of RASHO-preconditioned CG for solving elliptic problems discretized with a finite element method.


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The Truth about Your Health
Author: Linda S. Hopkins | Photographer: Loren Goldfarb
Lose weight, live longer, look younger. Eat this. Don't eat that. Pop a pill. Get tested… Each day, we are bombarded with health messages from newspapers, magazines, television commercials, Web sites, billboards and even bus signs. Yet, with all this information at our disposal, the proliferation of confusing and often conflicting advice is dizzying, if not downright dangerous. So who are we to trust?
According to health journalist, Robert J. Davis, author of The Healthy Skeptic , it's time to do some serious sleuthing. In recent interviews with CH2 and Amazon.com, the author talked about his chosen career and made his case for a dose of healthy skepticism:
CH2: Your mom is a writer and your dad was a doctor. So how did your parents influence your career choice?
Davis: My mother definitely encouraged my career choice by encouraging me to write from the time I was very little. When I was 10 years old, I had a story published in Jack and Jill magazine. For whatever reason, I inherited my father's interest in health issues. So I was able to combine my interest in writing with medical information.
CH2: What compelled you to write The Healthy Skeptic?
Davis: It was an outgrowth of my work over the last 20 years, but specifically a column I wrote in the Wall Street Journal called "Aches and Claims." There were so many things that I wanted to write about, but I only had 500 words or less. I wanted to be able to expound on some of those things, and I thought the book was a great way to do that.
CH2: So what is a healthy skeptic?
Davis: Someone who takes time to critically evaluate all health advice, regardless of whether it comes from the media, a drug company, a non-profit health group, a government agency, or anyone else.
CH2: Why is it important to be skeptical about health information?
Davis: Doing the right things can make a big difference. But if we make the wrong choices, we may very well have something to lose. We can waste money and time or there may be side effects. The point is that there is a lot at stake here. We can have longer, healthier lives if we follow good advice. But we can have negative consequences if we follow bad advice.
CH2: You identify various "health promoters" who are peddling advice that's less than fully truthful. It's clear why entities selling products might try to spin us, but what about those who don't have a financial incentive?
Davis: In some cases, non-profit groups are financially beholden to commercial interests, whose agendas influence the groups' advice; in other cases, health promoters may mislead us because of a desire for attention, or a zealous belief in the correctness their own ideas (despite a lack of solid evidence), or the notion that the public is too stupid to understand scientific complexity and so advice has to be oversimplified.
CH2: You focus a great deal on your own field—the news media. How and why do they mislead us about our health?
Davis: The main problem is the difference between science and journalism. Science involves small, incremental steps that gradually get us closer to the truth. Journalism, in contrast, is largely about what is new, exciting, and attention-grabbing. When journalists interpret health research though that prism, as is often the case, we can get a distorted sense of reality.
Amazon.com: If a news article or TV ad touts the efficacy of a new drug based on "clinical trials" or "clinical testing," is this information reliable?
Davis: To be approved and marketed, prescription drugs must be subjected to rigorous clinical testing in humans. However, sometimes we see media reports hyping early-stage research on a drug—it killed cancer cells in a test-tube, for example, or reversed diabetes in rodents—and we're led to believe that a cure is around the corner. In fact, preliminary findings such as these frequently don't pan out upon further investigation. That's why when we hear that "research shows" something, it's important to know what kind of research we're talking about: Is it an early-stage experiment testing only safety, for example, or a long-term randomized trial involving thousands of people? There's a big difference.
The term "clinically proven" is often used misleadingly to promote herbal remedies and other dietary supplements. Unlike prescription drugs, supplements don't have to undergo rigorous testing before they can be sold and marketed. Supplement manufacturers may conduct small, short-term, poorly designed experiments and point to them as "proof" that their products are safe and effective. And in some cases, the "clinical trials" cited by supplement makers involve a product that's entirely different from the one being marketed.
CH2: What is the main message you hope people will take away from your book?
Davis: Two things. Number one, think skeptically and think critically before you swallow claims that are being made. If it's too good to be true, it probably is. Ask questions, consider the source and scrutinize the science. And number two, not to feel so overwhelmed. If you have a plan of attack and know where to look for information, it's not as daunting as it might seem. One thing that I want to guard against is people becoming cynics, where they say "I'm not going to pay attention to anything." That's just as bad as believing everything, because there is valuable information. What I do is walk people through how to ask the right questions and where to go to check things out. The trustworthy sources of information I provide at the end of each chapter can be a good start.
Amazon.com: Is it possible to be a healthy skeptic without turning into neurotic worry wart?
Davis: Absolutely. In fact, being a healthy skeptic is the antidote to being worry wart. Every day, we're warned about something—foods, beverages, pesticides, plastics, cell phones, hair dye, Teflon pans and on and on—that allegedly threatens our health and our lives. Trying to heed all or even most of these warnings can be overwhelming. There is, after all, only so much that we can worry about. A healthy skeptic learns to look at each alleged threat in context, asking, "How solid is the evidence?" and "How big is the risk compared to other, well-established risks (such as smoking)?" As a result, we're able to prioritize, focusing mainly on those measures that are most likely to have the biggest impact.
CH2: Are you health conscious?
Davis: Yes, I exercise regularly and am careful about what I eat. But I try to keep things in perspective, remembering that healthy living doesn't guarantee we'll be protected from illness and that the pursuit of health, if followed indiscriminately or taken too far, can lead to harm.
The Healthy Skeptic is available locally at Barnes and Noble and Island Bookseller. Order online at Amazon.com or Everwell.com.
About Robert Davis
Robert J. Davis is an award-winning health journalist whose work has appeared on CNN, PBS and WebMD and in the Wall Street Journal. He is currently living in Atlanta, Georgia, where he teaches at Emory University's Rolins School of Public Health. In addition, he is founder, president and editor-in-chief of Everwell, a company which provides unbiased video content to help consumers make informed choices about their health and work more effectively with their physicians.
Davis holds a PhD in health policy from Brandies University, where he was a Pew Foundation Fellow. He also earned a master's degree in public health from Emory University and an undergraduate degree in politics from Princeton University, where he graduated summa cum laude. He is the son of long-time Hilton Head Island resident, Scottie Davis, and is a frequent visitor here.
Meet the author: On Friday, February 6th, at 1 p.m., Robert Davis will conduct a class for the OSHER Lifelong Learning Institute of the University of South Carolina Beaufort. You must be an OSHER member to attend. For information, call (843) 208-8247.
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Bakir, V. (Academic). (2015). Political communication [Video]. SAGE Knowledge. https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781473937345
Bakir, Vian. "Political Communication." In SAGE Video. London: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2015. Video, 00:09:15. https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781473937345.
Bakir, V., 2015. Political Communication, SAGE Video. [Streaming Video] London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Available at: <http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781473937345> [Accessed 15 Jan 2021].
Bakir, Vian. Political Communication. Online video clip. SAGE Video. London: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 16 Apr 2015. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781473937345. 15 Jan 2021.
Clip - https://sk.sagepub.com/video/political-communication
Link to this page directly with a permalink: https://sk.sagepub.com/video/political-communication
Using the execution of Saddam Hussein as an example, Vian Bakir discusses how the democratization of media is affecting governments' ability to control political communication.
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by Yumi A.
Surfing the internet has become the standard way to answer any question, purchase anything, and generally fill the idle corners of your day. In that solitary dialogue between your brain and the screen, it feels like whatever you view is yours and yours alone. But contrary to that feeling of privacy, your internet browsing is constantly being tracked by companies who are building an online profile of you. The research began when Libert, now core faculty at the CyLab Security and Privacy Institute at Carnegie Mellon University, contacted fellow students at Annenberg about a collaboration on privacy and pornography. The team then analyzed the data, finding an overwhelming lack of privacy and lack of transparency about privacy on these adult websites.
Nicole Flakita?? A description Information about porn Catharine Mackinnon's theory that pornography silence's women's speech, this description differs from the one given by Alex Davies above. In February the Supreme Court asked the Indian Government to suggest ways of banning all forms of child pornography. In Europe too, new technologies above all, the printing press promoted Informatioon creation of pornographic works, which frequently contained elements of humour and romance and Indormation written to entertain as well as to arouse. Curl following the publication of Venus Zappa underwear quilt the Cloister.
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Ultimate PornBall Sindartak. Freeman Jacobellis v. For your safety and privacy, this link has been disabled. Pornography promotes these rape myths and desensitises people to violence against women so that you need more Information about porn to become sexually aroused if you're a pornography consumer. The UK government has criminalized possession of what it Information about porn " extreme pornography " following the highly publicized murder of Jane Longhurst. There is also some evidence that pornography can be used to treat voyeurism. Nectar Video Under29 F. European Journal of Philosophy. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. Brazil Chile Colombia. April Retrieved December 29,
In the past few years, billions of internet users have gotten their sexual information and sexual entertainment from free tube sites.
Pornography often abbreviated porn is the portrayal of sexual subject matter for the exclusive purpose of sexual arousal.
In the past few years, billions of internet users have gotten their sexual information and sexual entertainment from free tube sites. A recent report by the Center for Democracy and Technology revealed that many free porn sites are unwittingly broadcasting your personal information, including which videos you watch, and which terms you search for, to hackers, neighbors, spouses and family. We get more visitors each day than either the New York Times or CNN , and have attract millions of users each day from nearly every country on earth.
We even get millions of visitors from places like Russia and Saudi Arabia, where pornography is supposedly banned entirely. We operate in a lot of countries where porn is illegal. Where being gay is illegal. Where women learning about sex is illegal. Where women uploading naked photos can be punished by death.
In the US, the sweeping surveillance powers of the Patriot Act give our government wide latitude as well. Unfortunately, the everyday applications of this data insecurity are far scarier.
Think about Tyler Clementi, the closeted college student who killed himself after his roommate filmed him having gay sex. Think about the revenge porn hack of Jennifer Lawrence and other celebs. Think about a conservative parent, or a divorcing spouse with access to your porn habits.
The mainstream news media often focuses on hacks where usernames and passwords are stolen, or where credit information is compromised. We should be paying attention to that as well. The good news is that most major retailers, and many major adult sites that are subscription-based, do now use the HTTPS protocol. But most of the free sites still do not. If not, close the browser.
Not only are you preserving your own privacy, but by pressuring companies to step up their security, you could be saving a life for someone in a far more difficult situation. US Edition U. News U. HuffPost Personal Video Horoscopes. Newsletters Coupons. Terms Privacy Policy. Tap here to turn on desktop notifications to get the news sent straight to you. Help us tell more of the stories that matter from voices that too often remain unheard.
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Pornography in India - Wikipedia
Pornography , representation of sexual behaviour in books, pictures, statues, motion pictures, and other media that is intended to cause sexual excitement. The distinction between pornography illicit and condemned material and erotica which is broadly tolerated is largely subjective and reflects changing community standards. Because the very definition of pornography is subjective, a history of pornography is nearly impossible to conceive; imagery that might be considered erotic or even religious in one society may be condemned as pornographic in another.
Thus, European travelers to India in the 19th century were appalled by what they considered pornographic representations of sexual contact and intercourse on Hindu temples such as those of Khajuraho see photograph ; most modern observers would probably react differently.
In many historical societies, frank depictions of sexual behaviour, often in a religious context , were common. In ancient Greece and Rome, for instance, phallic imagery and depictions of orgiastic scenes were widely present, though it is unlikely that they fulfilled anything like the social or psychological functions of modern pornography see phallicism.
Some of the stories in the Decameron , by the medieval Italian poet Giovanni Boccaccio , are licentious in nature. A principal theme of medieval pornography was the sexual depravity and hypocrisy of monks and other clerics.
Makura-e pillow pictures were intended for entertainment as well as for the instruction of married couples. The volume of this type of material was so large by the 18th century that the government began issuing official edicts against it, and some arrests and prosecutions followed.
Nevertheless, Japanese erotica continued to flourish, and the prints of artists such as Suzuki Harunobu c. In Europe too, new technologies above all, the printing press promoted the creation of pornographic works, which frequently contained elements of humour and romance and were written to entertain as well as to arouse. Many of these works harked back to classical writings in their treatment of the joys and sorrows of marital deception and infidelity. The modern history of Western pornography begins with the Enlightenment 18th century , when printing technology had advanced enough to permit the production of written and visual materials to appeal to audiences of all socioeconomic levels and sexual tastes.
A small underground traffic in such works became the basis of a separate publishing and bookselling business in England. Apart from its sexual element, pornography became a powerful vehicle for social and political protest. It provided a vehicle for the exploration of daring ideas that were condemned by both church and state , including sexual freedom for women as well as for men and the practices of contraception and abortion.
Much pornography also focused on the misdeeds of royals and aristocrats, thereby contributing to the discrediting of the elites of Europe.
Perhaps the most important author of socially radical pornography was the Marquis de Sade , whose books—notably Justine —combined orgiastic scenes with long philosophical debates on the evils of property and traditional social hierarchy.
Pornography continued to flourish during the Victorian Age in Britain and in the United States despite—or perhaps because of—the taboos on sexual topics that were characteristic of the era. An important periodical of the era was The Pearl —80 , which included serialized novels, short stories, crude jokes, poems, and ballads containing graphic descriptions of sexual activity. Such works provide a valuable corrective to conventional images of Victorian prudery. In the 19th century the inventions of photography and later of motion pictures were quickly put to use in the production of pornography.
Pornographic films were widely available no later than the s, and in the s their popularity enjoyed a massive upsurge.
The development of videocassettes in the s and digital videodiscs DVDs in the s enabled the wide distribution of pornographic films and further encouraged their use because they could be viewed in private. Pornographic images and films became even more widely available with the emergence of the Internet in the s. The pornographic industry became one of the most profitable on the Internet. Apart from providing a vast marketplace for commercial pornography appealing to many diverse tastes, the Internet also encouraged many amateurs to post images of themselves, images that often challenged traditional concepts of beauty and sex appeal.
The use of webcams opened the industry even further to amateurs, allowing individuals to post live depictions of themselves, often for fees. The Internet also increased the availability of child pornography.
Pornography has long been condemned and legally proscribed in the belief that it depraves and corrupts both minors and adults and that it leads to the commission of sex crimes. Occasionally, important artistic or even religious works have been banned because they are considered pornographic under such assumptions. Those assumptions have been challenged on legal and scientific grounds.
Nonetheless, the production, distribution, or possession of pornographic materials may be prosecuted in many countries under statutes dealing with obscenity. Although legal standards vary widely, most countries in Europe and North America permit depictions of sexual activity that would have been deemed grossly and criminally pornographic just a few decades ago.
The only remaining taboo that is nearly universally accepted is the condemnation of child pornography. Article Media. Info Print Cite. Submit Feedback.
Thank you for your feedback. Written By: John Philip Jenkins. See Article History. Facts Matter. Start Your Free Trial Today.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles: phallicism. Phallicism , worship of the generative principle as symbolized by the sexual organs or the act of sexual intercourse. Although religious activities that involve sexuality or the symbolism of the male or female sexual organs are sometimes called phallic cults, there is no evidence that any cult is preeminently phallic.
The most…. Pornography serves only to perpetuate a regime of sex-based domination that any decent society should reject. Pornography is another domain in which nichification is prevalent.
By the 21st century there were some four million Web sites devoted to pornography, containing more than a quarter of a billion pages—in other words, more than 10 percent of the Web. Forty million American adults…. History at your fingertips. Sign up here to see what happened On This Day , every day in your inbox! By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Notice. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. More About. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
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Home Case study	Enron Case study
written by AppliedCG 29 February, 2016
This Enron case study presents our own analysis of the spectacular rise and fall of Enron. It is the first in a new series assessing organisations against ACG's Golden Rules of corporate governance and applying our proprietary rating tool.
As we say in our business ethics examples homepage introducing this series, the first and most critical rule is an ethical approach, and this should permeate an organisation from top to bottom. We shall therefore always start with an assessment of the ethical approach of the organisation. The way this creates the culture determines the performance in relation to the other four Rules.
The Enron case study: history, ethics and governance failures
Introduction: why Enron?
Why pick Enron? The answer is that Enron is a well-documented story and we can apply our approach with the great benefit of hindsight to show how the end result could have been predicted. It is also a good example to illustrate how ethics drives culture which in turn pushes the ethical boundaries and is a key influence on all the four other key elements of good corporate governance.
Hence, in advance of using our own membership for the survey input we can apply the very detailed findings from the post crash dissection of Enron. Readers who are interested can go to Wikipedia and burrow into the history of Enron and its major players. They can also study the various accounts that have been written and which are referred to in Wikipedia. We particularly commend "The Smartest Guys in the Room", the story of Enron's rise and fall, by Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind, and we gratefully acknowledge the valuable insights we have drawn from this fascinating book in producing our Enron case study.
Below is a brief résumé of Enron's spectacular rise in fifteen years to a market valuation of nearly $100bn and its precipitous collapse. We have prepared a detailed history (around 20,000 words) with our own annotations, which will soon be available as an ebook for those who would like to draw their own conclusions. We have also applied our proprietary survey tool to Enron and imagined how the various stakeholder groups might have responded to a business ethics survey at a critical time in Enron's history, mid 2000, eighteen months before it suddenly collapsed. The results of this survey are summarised below.
History of Enron
Enron was created in 1986 by Ken Lay to capitalise on the opportunity he saw arising out of the deregulation of the natural gas industry in the USA. What started as a pipelines company was transformed by the vision of a McKinsey consultant, Jeff Skilling, who had the idea of applying models used in the financial services industry to the deregulated gas industry.
He persuaded Enron to set up a Gas Bank through which buyers and sellers of natural gas could transact with each other using an intermediary (Enron) whose contractual arrangements would provide both parties with reliability and predictability regarding pricing and delivery. Enron duly recruited him to run this business and he rapidly built up a major gas trading operation through the early nineties.
During this time Enron was extending its pipeline operations into a wider power supply business, initially in the USA and then on an international scale, completing a large plant at Teesside in the UK and contracting to build a huge plant near Mumbai in India. In due course it had deals all round the globe, from South America to China. The hard driving expansion of Enron's power business worldwide created a global reputation for Enron.
San Francisco, California. The US West Coast was an early target for its aggressive and misguided expansion.
Skilling's vision was to transform Enron into a giant, asset-light operation, trading power generally and his next target was trading electricity. Lay was lobbying Washington hard to deregulate electricity supply and in anticipation he and Skilling took Enron into California, buying a power plant on the west coast.
Enron's national reputation rested on the rapid expansion of its domestic business and its steadily growing revenue and earnings from trading. So on the back of his track record, Skilling was appointed Chief Operating Officer by Ken Lay and he then embarked upon transforming the whole of Enron to reflect his vision.
Observing the dotcom boom, Skilling decided Enron could create a business based on a broadband network which could supply and trade bandwidth and he set out to build this at a great pace.
However, the experiment in deregulation in California didn't work well and in due course was reversed with recriminations all round. Moreover, the international business expansion wasn't underpinned by adequate administration and many of the contracts later turned bad.
So Enron then took the decision to build on its international presence by becoming a global leader in the water industry and bought a big water company in the UK, following it up with a big deal in Argentina.
At this point, around 2000, Enron's reputation was still riding high and Lay and Skilling were looked up to as visionary thinkers and top business leaders.
However, as we see elsewhere in this case study, the rapid expansion had run well ahead of Enron's ability to fund it, and to address the problem, it had secretly created a complex web of off-balance sheet financing vehicles. These, unwisely, were ultimately secured, and hence dependent, on Enron's rapidly rising share price.
Also, its hard driving culture was underpinned by incentive schemes which promised, and delivered, huge rewards in compensation packages to outstanding performers. The result was that, to achieve results, aggressive accounting policies were introduced from an early stage. In particular, the use of mark to market valuation on contracts produced artificially large earnings, disguising for some years underlying poor profitability in major parts of the business.
This, of course, meant that Enron was not generating adequate cashflow, while spending extravagantly on expansion, and eventually it blew up suddenly and dramatically. Colleagues of this author who met Lay and had dealings with Enron confirm that there was scepticism in the market about Enron's profitability and its cash position. Suspicions grew that Enron's earnings had been manipulated and in late summer 2001 it emerged that its Chief Finance Officer had privately made himself rich at Enron's expense through the off-balance sheet vehicles. About this time the dotcom boom ended suddenly and for Enron, this coincided with the international power business going radically wrong, the broadband business having to be shut down, the water business collapsing and the electricity services business getting into serious trouble in California. Enron's share price started to slide and Skilling, appointed Chief Executive Officer in January 2001, resigned in August.
Enron's share price then rapidly declined, triggering repayment clauses in the financing vehicles which Enron couldn't handle. Its credit rating went to junk status, which caused the share price to collapse and triggered further crystallising of debt obligations. Banks refused further finance, suppliers refused to supply and customers stopped buying.
At the beginning of December 2001, Enron filed for the biggest bankruptcy the USA had yet seen.
This, in turn, took down one of the largest accounting firms in the world, Arthur Andersen, which was deemed to have so compromised its professional standards in its dealings with its client Enron that it was in many ways complicit in Enron's criminal behaviour.
The second half of this Enron case study assesses business ethics and the impact on corporate governance, as measured against our Five Golden Rules.
Ethical assessment
Enron didn't start out as an unethical business. As we have seen in this case study, what introduced the virus was the pursuit of personal wealth via very rapid growth. This led to the introduction of quite extreme incentive schemes to attract and motivate very bright and driven people, which, in turn, led to an unhealthy focus on short term earnings.
The next step was, naturally, to look at how earnings could be massaged to achieve the aggressive revenue and earnings targets. Since the massaged figures for growth in earnings still left a shortfall in cash, Enron quickly maxed out on its borrowing abilities.
But issuing more equity would have hurt the share price, on which most of the incentives were based. So schemes had to be created to produce funding secretly and this funding had to be hidden. In this way, an amoral and unethical culture developed in Enron in which customers, suppliers and even colleagues were misled and exploited to achieve targets. And the top management, who were rewarding themselves with these same incentive schemes, boasted that a pure, market-driven ethos was propelling Enron to greatness and deluded themselves that this equated to ethical behaviour. Lay even lectured the California authorities, whom Enron was cheating, that Enron was a model of business ethics.
Finally, the respected Arthur Andersen allowed greed for fees to over-rule the strong business ethics tradition of its founder and caused it to succumb to bending and suspending its professional standards, with fatal results.
Impact on Corporate Governance
Our five Rules of Good Corporate Governance start with the need for an ethical culture. Having established that Enron's culture became progressively more deficient in this regard, let's consider briefly the impact of this failure in business ethics on the other Rules.
Clear goal shared by all key stakeholders
Lay and, particularly Skilling, engendered in all the staff of Enron the goal of driving up the share price to the virtual exclusion of all else. The goal of achieving a long term satisfaction from a stable customer base took a distant second place to signing up deals. In California, the customers were deliberately exploited by the traders to the maximum extent their ingenuity could achieve. Even internally, the Chief Finance Officer's funding scheme was designed to make him rich at his employer's expense.
As a McKinsey consultant specialising in strategy, Skilling had a very clear vision, at least initially, of what he wanted Enron to achieve. However, he wasn't interested in management per se and allowed operational management to wither. But his vision of a huge trading enterprise wasn't carried down to the next level of developing and implementing practical business plans, as evidenced by his crazy launch into broadband, a field in which he had no personal knowledge or experience and in which Enron had almost no capability or likelihood of raising the funds required to implement the project
Organisation resourced to deliver
Skilling became COO on the departure of a very tough and experienced predecessor. Even at that point, Enron had been expanding at a rate which outran its ability to set up appropriate and adequate administrative systems and controls. Added to which it had always been short of funds. Skilling's lack of interest in operational management meant that on his appointment at COO, he made a poor situation much worse by making bad managerial appointments. His focus on rapid growth incentivised by very generous compensation schemes, and with inadequate spending controls, created a totally dysfunctional organisation.
From the early stages, Enron's focus on earnings and share price growth and the related financial incentives led to a necessary lack of transparency as the figures were fiddled.. One could argue that Enron felt very much accountable to their shareholders for delivering consistent above average growth in Enron's market capitalisation. However, this growth was achieved by subterfuge and deception. Certainly the dealings in California were as far from transparent as it was possible to be.
Finally, we bring a unique perspective to this Enron case study by using our proprietary survey tool, the ACGi, to rate the company, as at June 2000, and drawing conclusions from the results.
Conclusion and rating by our Survey tool
The flaws in Enron should have been spotted from early on, and indeed were periodically commented on by various observers from the early nineties onward. If independent ethical and corporate governance surveys had been conducted by independent parties they would have highlighted the growing problems. To illustrate, consider the hypothetical survey summarised in the following chart.
The scores out of ten (high is good) result from a set of questions which aim at deriving an independent, unbiased view from the interviewees, based on observations of corporate behaviour. What we have called the "sniff test" represents the personal view of the interviewee and would take into account their gut feel about the corporation and its management and owners. The highlighted scores would point the observer to clear problem areas.
One would conclude from this survey in June 2000 that:
neither customers, suppliers, financiers nor local communities rated Enron's morality in terms of business ethics
customers and local communities thought they were breaking regulations
customers and suppliers thought they were probably bending their own rules
customers, shareholders, suppliers, financiers and local communities thought they were not truly honest.
It is clear with the benefit of hindsight that what started out as an imaginative and ground-breaking idea, which transformed the natural gas supply industry, rapidly evolved into a megalomaniac vision of creating a world-leading company. Intellectual self confidence mutated into contempt for traditional business models and created an environment in which top management became divorced from reality. The obsessive focus on driving the share price obscured the lack of basic controls and benchmarks and the progressive dishonesty in generating revenue and earnings figures in order to deceive the stock market led to the management deceiving themselves about the true situation.
Right up to nearly the end, Enron complied with all its regulatory requirements. The failings in these regulations led directly to Sarbanes-Oxley. But all the extra reporting in SarBox didn't prevent the global financial meltdown in 2008 as the banks gamed the regulatory system. Now we have Dodd-Frank. What we actually need is independent Corporate Governance surveys.
If you found this summary useful, you may be interested in our full ebook :
52 pages of detailed analysis of the Enron scandal
An annotated walk-through of the history and ethics of the company
Detailed explanations of the governance failures leading to the scandal
Guidance for students of corporate governance
Annexe with lessons for setting up stakeholder research
You will also get a FREE version of our rating tool to adjust the scores according to your own assessment of the information presented in the full Enron Case Study.
£2.50 (tax incl.)
If you have any comments or experience of Enron, please leave a contribution using the comments feature at the bottom of this page.
To stay up-to-date with news from Applied Corporate Governance, subscribe to our RSS feed or our mailing list.
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As if the mere prospect of a new release by Zero dB weren't enough to get tongues wagging and feet dancing, this 2 CD, 23 track monster boasts the best of a truly humungous catalogue of remixes courtesy of luminaries including Moonstarr, Aaron Jerome and Seiji among others. It also heralds a first and eagerly-awaited CD release for a handful of highly sought-after cuts – not least Hextatic's Distorted Minds (Zero dB mix), the Dave Da Gato Mix of "Seven By Seven" by Inverse Cinematics and the almighty Zero dB classic, "The Snare" – that were previously only available on limited vinyl and all snapped up by eagle-eared fans way back when. And, in addition to the big names and rarities on this latest addition to Tru Thoughts' esteemed 'One Offs…' artist compilation series (which has previously seen Bonobo, Quantic, Nostalgia 77 and Domu dust off some of their best kept secrets for the fans), there's also a healthy sprinkling of completely new and exclusive material including the immense Dave Da Gato's F_ck-Up The Festivals Bounce version of "Universe" by Alice Russell, bringing the soul diva/national treasure's song to the heady, neck-snapping heights of euphoric club nastiness.
As any avid follower will know, the Zero dBoys, Chris Vogado and Neil Combstock, have been keeping busy at the cutting edge singe the release of 'BB & B', making killer club music under various monikers, many of them to be found on this record, and packing out dancefloors with DJ sets in some of the biggest clubs and best soundsystems known to man, including Plastic People and Japan's Club Yellow. Vogado, now living in Barcelona, runs the boutique Fluid Ounce label from his legendary Fl. Oz. Studios, and Combstock has also seen his muse lead him round the globe, living, DJing and making music variously in Japan and Thailand among other places.
Zero dB's 'One Offs, Remixes and B Sides' is not only an essential listen for existing fans of Zero dB's unique concoction of Latin heat, jazz colour, startling beats and pure bassline filth, but for anyone who has been remotely moved by dance music in the last half decade.


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FEATURE STORY April 14, 2018
Cambodia's Social Accountability Framework Helps Improve Basic Public Services in Rural Areas
Ms. Yan Theary, Community Accountability Facilitator in Chhnuktru commune, Boribour district of Kampong Chhnang province.
Since 2015, a joint government-civil society initiative has been underway with the aim of improving the quality of services provided by commune councils, primary schools and health centers to rural families in Cambodia.
More than 3,650 Community Accountability Facilitators (CAFs) work in 98 out of 159 (62%) rural districts in the country, facilitating exchanges between citizens and their local services providers on the quality of services and developing prioritized action plans for improving service delivery.
The process empowers local citizens to hold service providers directly accountable for the quality of their work, sharing information on standards for service delivery and the use of public funds, and promoting good governance overall.
By becoming a Community Accountability Facilitator (CAF), 26-year-old Chhan Sreyden has embraced an opportunity to help improve public services in her community. Sreyden experienced bad service delivery first-hand at a local primary health center when she delivered her first child. She felt mistreated by nurses who were rude and even scolded her for being in pain during delivery.
Sreyden also knew that teachers were often absent at a primary school where her four nieces and a nephew study. The same kind of poor service was evident at her commune office. It was difficult to get documents authorized as officials were often away from the office during working hours.
Disappointed with the kind of services she had been receiving in her community, Sreyden hoped for an opportunity to help improve them.
In 2016, she attended a meeting organized by an NGO looking for volunteers to disseminate information and collect feedback on public services in Chum Tamao Commune, Memot district of Tbong Khmom province. Sreyden did not hesitate to join the project.
"I raised my hand up high," she said. "I've seen and experienced many public service issues and I really wanted to change them."
Two years on, Sreyden feels proud that her work has led to much improvement in her community. For example, she said, text books have been distributed to all grade one students and one additional teacher has been assigned for the primary school as listed in the action plans; two staff were assigned to the health center which she helped to develop a Joint Accountability Action Plan (JAAP), and the health center has medicine and faster services, particularly, when sending seriously ill patients to the referral hospital. Sreyden also noted that her commune has enough legal documents that are needed by the citizens and services are much faster.
"I raised my hand up high, I've seen and experienced many public service issues and I really wanted to change them."
Chhan Sreyden
26-year-old Chhan Sreyden has embraced an opportunity to help improve public services in her community
CAFs are a core element of the Implementation Plan for Social Accountability (ISAF) in Cambodia.
As a complement to government, "supply-side" ISAF activities such as the public display of service provider budgets and expenditures, the World Bank is channeling financing from the Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF) to two of five NGOs that are implementing the civil society, "demand side" of ISAF activities, Save the Children and World Vision International.
As a part of the government's decentralization and deconcentration reform program, since 2015, ISAF has implemented social accountability activities in 75% of Cambodia's provinces, 62% of districts and 56% of communes.
Seng Bunthoeun, Da Commune Clerk of Memot district in Tboung Khmom province, appreciates the work done by CAFs because they help community members get what they want. He said that priorities from a community scorecard of commune services were put into JAAP and subsequently implemented, including an increased presence of commune members during work hours and improved toilets at the commune office.
Mor Pheara, Head of Da Health Center, said the community scorecard and JAAP priorities enabled her to secure more resources from the Ministry of Health. "Based on the community scorecard, we requested additional staff," she said. A total of 10 health staff, including three that were newly-appointed as the result of citizen demands, are now working at the health center.
The project has also improved CAFs' knowledge and skills, particularly on social accountability and facilitation. "Before I joined this project, I was just a regular person," said Doung Sokna, a CAF in Kampong Have commune of Kampong Chhnang province. "This project has provided me with experience and the capability to develop myself to be a better person. I believe that one day I will achieve my goal of being a good leader for my community."
Video: Citizen Feedback Helps Cambodia Improve Local Government Services
Video: In Cambodia's Rural Villages, Parents and Students Have Their Say, Improving Education
Video: Improving Health Services in Rural Cambodia with Citizen Feedback
Video: Improving Services and Creating a Culture of Citizen Engagement in Rural Cambodia
Voice and Action: Social Accountability for Improved Service Delivery (Project)


Local racer River Radamus returns to the starting gate to make history at the Xfinity Birds of Prey races.
A complete run-down of all the off-piste activities, live music, drink specials, and family-friendly kids activities surrounding Xfinity Birds of Prey.
FIS officially approved the 2018 Xfinity Birds of Prey races with a positive snow control.
Ideal conditions are prevailing in Colorado.
The International Ski Federation re-launched its website today, creating an enhanced experience for stakeholders.
Early bird preview: who will win in 2018?
A blast of cold September air has us thinking – who will win when the snow flies in Beaver Creek?


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Home » blog » books » Conan Doyle » James O'Leary » scholarship » Canonical Connections in Conan Doyle's "The Winning Shot"
Canonical Connections in Conan Doyle's "The Winning Shot"
by James C. O'Leary February 12, 2015
Though most of the facts were familiar to me, I had not sufficiently appreciated their relative importance, nor their connection with each other. [SILV]
As readers of the Sherlock Holmes adventures know, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was a master of the short story. He wrote in many genres: mystery, horror, science fiction, adventure, romance and humor.
"The Winning Shot" was the first of three short stories Doyle had published in Bow Bells weekly magazine during his career, in the July 11, 1883 issue. In a June or July 1882 letter to his mother Mary (quoted in Arthur Conan Doyle: A Life in Letters by Jon Lellenberg, Daniel Stashower and Charles Foley), Doyle wrote, "I have a wonderful story on hand 'The Winning Shot' about mesmerism and murder and chemical magnetism and a man's eating his own ears because he was hungry," and in a second letter to her as "a very ghastly Animal Magnetic vampery sort of tale."
The 12,000 word story is unusual in Doyle's oeuvre in that it is told in the first person by Charlotte "Lottie" Underwood. I will be discussing the story in detail (yes - there will be spoilers!), so if you would like to read it first, it is available in Uncollected Stories: The Unknown Conan Doyle edited by John Michael Gibson and Richard Lancelyn Green or you can read the text here at The Conan Doyle Encyclopedia.
Despite the opening statement
"I know that many people will always ridicule the supernatural, or what our poor intellects choose to regard as supernatural, and that the fact of my being a woman will be thought to weaken my evidence. I can only plead that I have never been weak-minded or impressionable, and that other people formed the same opinions of Octavius Gaster that I did,"
Lottie's story starts out as if it were a romance about her impending marriage to old Colonel Pillar's son Charley of Roborough, Devon. Staying at the Colonel's "merry household at Toynby Hall" during the Long Vacation that August along with Charley and Lottie were "Harry, Charley's younger brother, and Trevor, his bosom friend at Cambridge," Lieutenant Jack Daseby "fresh home from Japan in Her Majesty's ship Shark" who is engaged to Charley's sister Fanny, and Lottie's mother, "dearest of old ladies, beaming at us through her gold-rimmed spectacles, anxiously smoothing every little difficulty in the way of the two young couples, and never weary of detailing to them her own doubts and fears and perplexities."
Canonical connection: Sherlock Holmes spent part of the long vacation at college friend Victor Trevor's home in Donnithorpe.
Doyle gives a wonderful word-picture of an evening at home with the characters vividly delineated before Charley and Lottie decide to take a stroll on the moor. Doyle places Toynby Hall on the southwest side of Dartmoor; Baskerville Hall will be on the northeast. Dartmoor apparently held a long fascination with Doyle and the moor gives "The Winning Shot" some of its elements of mystery. Almost twenty years later, the moor became a character of its own in The Hound of the Baskervilles [HOUN].
From "The Winning Shot":
"Above us towered two great columns of rock, between which the water trickled to form a deep, still pool at the bottom. This pool had always been a favourite spot of Charley's, and was a pretty cheerful place by day; but now, with the rising moon reflected upon its glassy waters, and throwing dark shadows from the overhanging rocks, it seemed anything rather than the haunt of a pleasure-seeker…. I have already mentioned that the pool by which we were standing lay at the foot of a rough mound of rocks. On the top of this mound, about sixty feet above our heads, a tall dark figure was standing, peering down, apparently, into the rugged hollow in which we were.
"The moon was just topping the ridge behind, and the gaunt, angular outlines of the stranger stood out hard and clear against its silvery radiance.
"There was something ghastly in the sudden and silent appearance of this solitary wanderer, especially when coupled with the weird nature of the scene."
Doyle reworked the scene to great effect in Chapter 9 of HOUN:
The moon was low upon the right, and the jagged pinnacle of a granite tor stood up against the lower curve of its silver disc. There, outlined as black as an ebony statue on that shining background, I saw the figure of a man upon the tor. Do not think that it was a delusion, Holmes. I assure you that I have never in my life seen anything more clearly. As far as I could judge, the figure was that of a tall, thin man. He stood with his legs a little separated, his arms folded, his head bowed, as if he were brooding over that enormous wilderness of peat and granite which lay behind him. He might have been the very spirit of that terrible place. It was not the convict. This man was far from the place where the latter had disappeared. Besides, he was a much taller man. With a cry of surprise I pointed him out to the baronet, but in the instant during which I had turned to grasp his arm the man was gone. There was the sharp pinnacle of granite still cutting the lower edge of the moon, but its peak bore no trace of that silent and motionless figure."
The description of the stranger will sound very familiar to a Sherlockian:
"Weird as his appearance had been when we first caught sight of him, the impression was intensified rather than removed by a closer acquaintance.
"The moon shining full upon him revealed a long, thin face of ghastly pallor, the effect being increased by its contrast with the flaring green necktie which he wore.
"A scar upon his cheek had healed badly and caused a nasty pucker at the side of his mouth, which gave his whole countenance a most distorted expression, more particularly when he smiled."
This is Holmes' description of Huge Boone from "The Man with the Twisted Lip":
"His appearance, you see, is so remarkable that no one can pass him without observing him. A shock of orange hair, a pale face disfigured by a horrible scar, which, by its contraction, has turned up the outer edge of his upper lip, a bulldog chin, and a pair of very penetrating dark eyes, which present a singular contrast to the colour of his hair, all mark him out from amid the common crowd of mendicants, and so, too, does his wit, for he is ever ready with a reply to any piece of chaff which may be thrown at him by the passers-by." [Emphasis added.]
The stranger is Swedish Doctor Octavius Gaster, a traveler lost on the moor. Despite his appearance, Charley is intrigued by the man and invites him to stay at the Hall. On the way back Gaster relates how he and Karl Osgood of Upsala went on a trading venture in Cape Blanco (Ras Nouadhibou on the west African coast which has been called Cap Blanc by the French, Cabo Blanco by the Spanish and Cabo Branco by the Portuguese) who had to flee on a small boat in the night when the local Moors came to kill them.
"There was no country where we could hope for food nearer than Canary [the Canary Islands], and for that we made.
"I reached it alive, though very weak and mad; but poor Karl died the day before we sighted the islands.
"I gave him warning!
"I cannot blame myself in the matter.
"I said, 'Karl, the strength that you might gain by eating them would be more than made up for by the blood that you would lose!'
"He laughed at my words, caught the knife from my belt, cut them off and eat them; and he died."
"Eat what?" asked Charley.
"His ears!" said the stranger.
The gruesome scene of a small boat on the ocean and severed ears would become the climax of Jim Browner's confession in "The Cardboard Box":
"At last I saw them hire a boat and start for a row, for it was a very hot day, and they thought no doubt that it would be cooler on the water. It was just as if they had been given into my hands. There was a bit of a haze, and you could not see more than a few hundred yards. I hired a boat for myself, and I pulled after them. I could see the blur of their craft, but they were going nearly as fast as I, and they must have been a long mile from the shore before I caught them up. The haze was like a curtain all round us, and there were we three in the middle of it. My God, shall I ever forget their faces when they saw who was in the boat that was closing in upon them? She screamed out. He swore like a madman, and jabbed at me with an oar, for he must have seen death in my eyes. I got past it and got one in with my stick, that crushed his head like an egg. I would have spared her, perhaps, for all my madness, but she threw her arms round him, crying out to him, and calling him `Alec'. I struck again, and she lay stretched beside him. I was like a wild beast then that had tasted blood. If Sarah had been there, by the Lord, she should have joined them. I pulled out my knife, and - well, there! I've said enough."
Given what we later learn about Gaster, the reader may well wonder who actually cut off and ate Karl's ears.
Gaster joins the gathering for (a non-aural) dinner and, as Lottie writes:
"Whatever Doctor Octavius Gaster might be physically, he was certainly a social success.
"By next day he had so completely installed himself as a member of the household that the Colonel would not hear of his departure.
"He astonished everybody by the extent and variety of his knowledge. He could tell the veteran considerably more about the Crimea than he knew himself; he gave the sailor information about the coast of Japan; and even tackled my athletic lover upon the subject of rowing, discoursing about levers of the first order, and fixed points and fulcra, until the unhappy Cantab was fain to drop the subject.
Canonical connection: Here Gaster sounds very Holmes-like:
"Our meal was a merry one. Holmes could talk exceedingly well when he chose, and that night he did choose. He appeared to be in a state of nervous exaltation. I have never known him so brilliant. He spoke on a quick succession of subjects - on miracle plays, on medieval pottery, on Stradivarius violins, on the Buddhism of Ceylon, and on the warships of the future - handling each as though he had made a special study of it. His bright humour marked the reaction from his black depression of the preceding days." - The Sign of Four
Lottie also relates an incident illustrating Gaster's "quiet power about everything he said and did":
"Trevor had a remarkably savage bulldog, which, however fond of its master, fiercely resented any liberties from the rest of us. This animal was, it may be imagined, rather unpopular, but as it was the pride of the student's heart it was agreed not to banish it entirely, but to lock it up in the stable and give it a wide berth."
Canonical connection: Victor Trevor's bull-terrier froze onto Holmes' ankle as he when down to college chapel one morning.
One day, the Swede hears the dog and wants to see it.
"He's rather a nipper," said Trevor, with a mischievous expression in his eye; "but I suppose you are not afraid of a dog?"
"Afraid?—no. Why should I be afraid?"
The mischievous look on Trevor's face increased as he opened the stable door. I heard Charley mutter something to him about its being past a joke, but the other's answer was drowned by the hollow growling from inside.
The rest of us retreated to a respectable distance, while Octavius Gaster stood in the open doorway with a look of mild curiosity upon his pallid face.
"And those," he said, "that I see so bright and red in the darkness—are those his eyes?"
"Those are they," said the student, as he stooped down and unbuckled the strap.
"Come here!" said Octavius Gaster.
The growling of the dog suddenly subsided into a long whimper, and instead of making the furious rush that we expected, he rustled among the straw as if trying to huddle into a corner.
"What the deuce is the matter with him?" exclaimed his perplexed owner.
"Come here!" repeated Gaster, in sharp metallic accents, with an indescribable air of command in them. "Come here!"
To our astonishment, the dog trotted out and stood at his side, but looking as unlike the usually pugnacious Towzer as is possible to conceive. His ears were drooping, his tail limp, and he altogether presented the very picture of canine humiliation.
"A very fine dog, but singularly quiet," remarked the Swede, as he stroked him down.
"Now, sir, go back!"
The brute turned and slunk back into its corner. We heard the rattling of its chain as it was being fastened, and next moment Trevor came out of the stable-door with blood dripping from his finger.
"Confound the beast!" he said. "I don't know what can have come over him. I've had him three years, and he never bit me before."
I fancy—I cannot say it for certain—but I fancy that there was a spasmodic twitching of the cicatrix upon our visitor's face, which betokened an inclination to laugh.
Of course Jack Stapleton [HOUN] and Jephro Rucastle [COPP] both had a way with vicious canines.
There are a couple of passages in the story that give the Sherlockian with an interest in H.P. Lovecraft pause. Gaster is frequently reading a book he keeps hidden from the others. One day Lottie and Charley come upon Gaster before he can secret the book.
"Ah, Gaster," said Charley, "studying, as usual! What an old bookworm you are! What's the book? Ah, a foreign language; Swedish, I suppose?"
"No, it is not Swedish," said Gaster; "it is Arabic."
"You don't mean to say you know Arabic?"
"Oh, very well—very well indeed!"
"And what's it about?" I asked, turning over the leaves of the musty old volume.
"Nothing that would interest one so young and fair as yourself, Miss Underwood," he answered, looking at me in a way which had become habitual to him of late. "It treats of the days when mind was stronger than what you call matter; when great spirits lived that were able to exist without these coarse bodies of ours, and could mould all things to their so-powerful wills."
Later, Lottie spies Gaster reading a newspaper clipping which he finds very amusing. "There was something horrible too in this mirth of his, for though he writhed his body about as if with laughter, no sound was emitted from his lips." Gaster leaves the room and the clipping behind which Lottie reads.
"Sudden Death in the Docks.—The master of the bark-rigged steamer Olga, from Tromsberg, was found lying dead in his cabin on Wednesday afternoon. Deceased was, it seems, of a violent disposition, and had had frequent altercations with the surgeon of the vessel. On this particular day he had been more than usually offensive, declaring that the surgeon was a necromancer and worshipper of the devil. The latter retired on deck to avoid further persecution. Shortly afterwards the steward had occasion to enter the cabin, and found the captain lying across the table quite dead. Death is attributed to heart disease, accelerated by excessive passion. An inquest will be held to-day."
And this was the paragraph which this strange man had regarded as the height of humour!
An Arabic grimoire, necromancy: could Gaster have been reading the Necronomicon some forty years before Lovecraft invented it?
Mrs. Underwood tells her daughter she thinks Gaster is in love with Lottie and events come to a head. One evening, Lottie is waiting for Charley in an arbor but the doctor shows up instead, declaring his love to the horrified woman. She tries to leave, but Gaster forces himself upon her. Just then Charley shows up and punches Gaster in the face. Gaster flees and life returns to normal at Toynby Hall.
On the eve of Lottie and Charley's wedding was a marksmanship contest between the Roborough volunteers, of which Charley was the captain and best shot, and the Plymouth regulars, the match to take place at the Roborough shooting-range on the moor itself.
The contest is even and the last shot, potentially the winning shot, belongs to Charley. Earlier, the couple had seen Gaster in the crowd of spectators and now as Charley takes aim, Lottie, standing between two Devon farmers, sees Gaster in a trance-like prayer staring at a space halfway between Charley and the target. One of the farmers says of Gaster's manner, "Blessed if he bean't foamin' like Farmer Watson's dog—t' bull pup whot died mad o' the hydropathics." (Is that what happened to John H. Watson's own bull pup in A Study in Scarlet?)
Meanwhile, Charley hesitates to shoot because he sees a figure in front of the bull's-eye. Assured by his teammates and the crowd that no one is there, Charley pulls the trigger and wins the contest. When his fellows go to congratulate him, they find him dead. While brain-fever is not mentioned, like Percy "Tadpole" Phelps in "The Naval Treaty," Lottie becomes ill and does not recover until "I found myself in the sick-room at Toynby Hall, and learned that three restless, delirious weeks had passed since that terrible day."
The story ends with this paragraph:
"Within a fortnight after writing this narrative, my poor daughter disappeared. All search has failed to find her. A porter at the railway station has deposed to having seen a young lady resembling her description get into a first-class carriage with a tall, thin gentleman. It is, however, too ridiculous to suppose that she can have eloped after her recent grief, and without my having had any suspicions. The detectives are, however, working out the clue.—EMILY UNDERWOOD."
"The Winning Shot" is one of Doyle's better early works. It should come as no surprise that Doyle could write a credible first-person female character; he had five sisters and the family was headed by Doyle's mother Mary. In fact, Doyle's favorite sister was Caroline, who was called Lottie by the family and in "The Winning Shot" Lottie has a brother named Arthur Cooper Underwood—A.C.U. as opposed to A.C.D.
Doyle uses length to build a believable world with real people and then slowly reveals the preternatural or supernatural underpinnings that are waiting to be exposed to the observant. In 1884, he thought of including "The Winning Shot" with "The Captain of the Pole-Star," "John Barrington Cowles," "J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement" and others in a collection called Twilight Tales.
"You see," he wrote to his mother, "it would have a double meaning---not only as being tales suitable for the gloaming, but as a treating of the strangle twilight land between the natural and the absolutely supernatural…"
That collection never came into being and the story became one Doyle's forgotten works until 1982. Why? Perhaps because so many of the story's elements were revised, reused and improved upon in later endeavors. For Sherlockians, there are overlaps minor (a college friend named Trevor with a biting dog, severed ears on the ocean and a Watson with a bull pup) to major (the Dartmoor setting, a mysterious stranger standing on a rocky prominence silhouetted against the moon and a pale, scar-faced antagonist) that make this good eerie tale doubly worth reading.
Note to Charles Prepolec, editor of the Gaslight series of supernatural Holmes stories and its contributors: If there hasn't been one already, there's a pastiche waiting to be written about the young Holmes and Watson in 1883 on the trail of the missing Lottie Underwood and Necronomicon-toting Octavius Gaster.
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