•All students will be invited to the Kristy's Voice Studio Facebook Group and Google Calendar so you may receive announcements, communicate with other students, and see your and others' lesson times. ALL COMMUNICATION from Kristy will be sent through the Facebook Group, so please subscribe to notifications. Other KES Studio team members may prefer different methods of communication.
•A set day, time, and length will be chosen between you and the teacher, and this will remain your weekly lesson time throughout the academic school year. Students preparing for college auditions must commit to a weekly 60-minute lesson.
•If you arrive late to your lesson, your lesson will end as scheduled. Lessons will not be extended, and payment for the entire lesson is required.
•If you must cancel or reschedule a lesson, you must notify your teacher in writing (Facebook or text) a minimum of 24 hours in advance of the lesson (but preferably, further in advance). Lessons cancelled with less than 24 hours notice will not be rescheduled or refunded.
•Each student may reschedule ONE cancelled lesson a semester (Sept-Dec, Jan-March, April-June). The teacher will provide no more than three options for a makeup lesson. If you cancel your makeup lesson, the lesson is forfeited and must be paid in full.
•Please check your schedule at the beginning of each month for conflicts with your lesson time (i.e. tech week, school concerts, family vacation, etc.). Plan accordingly, first by trying to swap lesson times with a fellow student (via the Facebook group if you are in Kristy's studio). Once a lesson swap has been set, please inform the teacher of the change. If a swap is not possible, please inform the teacher by the 15th of the prior month in order to prorate the next month's payment. Conflicts presented after the 15th will not be accommodated with a reduced monthly fee.
•You should assume lessons will still take place during school holidays and vacations unless otherwise notified by your teacher.
•Any lesson cancelled by the teacher will be made up within the month.
•If the teacher must cancel lessons due to inclement weather, all students will be notified. If the teacher is holding lessons but YOU must cancel due to inclement weather, please contact your teacher via text. A makeup lesson will be granted.
•Monthly payment is due by the 1st of the month. Acceptable payments methods are cash or VENMO (Username: Kristy-Solomon). Checks are not acceptable.
•If payment is not received by the 10th of the month, a $25 late fee will be charged and billed.
Please consult with your teacher for pricing information.
•Please arrive to your lesson on time and prepared to work.
-TWO (2) copies of your sheet music in a 3-ring binder — one copy for your teacher, one for yourself.
•Students are expected to practice daily, at least 30 minutes, but no more than an hour. "Practicing" means not only singing your songs, but practicing vocalises and working your technique. You will only improve if you take time to do the exercises we practice in lessons. Theater students must also research their characters and shows and rehearse monologues.
•Please park in front of the house along the street. Please do not block the driveway. Enter through the front door, no need to knock.
•You may wait inside if you arrive early and wish to come inside. There are chairs at the bottom of the stairs just outside the studio door.


I work in Penn Quarter, which means I'm surrounded by tempting lunch options daily. One of my favorites is Chef Mike Isabella's Graffiato. The menu is seasonal and features great local ingredients. Today, I had the Atlantic Striped Bass and a side of Brussels Sprouts.
The only downside of going for lunch instead of dinner is that I can't take advantage of the prosecco on draft at the bar.
Graffiato is located at 707 6th Street NW in Washington, DC. Follow them on Facebook and Twitter - and don't forget to follow Chef Mike Isabella (Facebook, Twitter). Reserve a table upstairs on CityEats or take your chances downstairs and at the (prosecco on tap) bar.


This course allows you to become familiar with your signature response to pressure, and offers you powerful tools to shift to a more creative, skillful and compassionate state. It gives you practices to engage with clarity, creativity and compassion even when you are experiencing conflict and opposition.
The workshop creates an embodied experience – stretching and challenging you to explore the mind-body connection and how it impacts on the way you communicate, collaborate, and pursue your goals. The tools and practices have their roots in the traditions of mindfulness and martial arts, giving immediate physical feedback, powerfully showing up habitual reactive patterns of behaviour. Through physical experience you will discover how you can be more creative, more powerful, and more fully embodied as leaders in your own lives.
We will explore themes such as remaining functional under pressure, becoming comfortable with conflict, and remaining responsive to demands without getting bowed down by them.


Companies have looked to Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO) as a solution to support their talent acquisition strategies. With many options for RPO available, how do you choose the right RPO solution for your business?
Just as football fans are wondering which teams have the goods to make it to the Super Bowl, organizations are clamoring for talent that will set them apart from competitors. This element of a strategic plan is crucial to organizations like ACA Talent and their clients because it encompasses the company's overall goals, while propelling the organization forward.
The rationale for his optimism, although flawed, seemed sound enough at the time.
How can an organization manage candidate flow with its current available resources while still delivering a positive candidate experience?
Unfortunately, in sales, we are often faced with the same scenario.


text:
Sorry - who are you again? The rather indifferent German response to French socialists' attack on Merkel
Who wears the trousers?
On Friday Le Monde got a big scoop with the news that French President Hollande's Socialist party had drafted a strongly worded paper criticising Angela Merkel and her focus on austerity, accusing her amongst other things of "selfish intransigence". It's not exactly news that all was not well with the 'Franco-German motor' but still pretty explosive stuff and we were keenly anticipating what the German response would be.
However, even taking into account the number of caveats (not an official policy document etc.) this reaction was pretty muted, both in terms of the media and politicians (in contrast the story was still on the front page of Le Figaro today). Most of the main German papers ran the story online, only setting out the basic facts (e.g. Handelsblatt, Süddeutsche, Tagesspiegel), and noting it represented a struggle between moderates and radicals within the party. However the Welt write-up included a bit of editorial comment:
"As unemployment in France rises ever higher, just like the budget deficit, while President Francois Hollande's popularity falls ever lower, the breakout attempts of the governing socialists become increasingly desperate."
Bild, which normally isn't shy of stirring up controversy looks to have completely ignored the issue at least online – although it did strike back by reporting on a French comic strip mocking Hollande. FAZ, which can usually be relied upon to come down like a ton of bricks on anything smacking of fiscal irresponsibility, also didn't give the story that much coverage, although its co-publisher Günther Nonnenmacher had a rather wistful piece in which he claimed that that it was symptomatic of the way Germany was becoming increasingly isolated in Europe. This was also the tone adopted by two retired SPD politicians who had a guest piece in Süddeutsche in which they argued that:
"There are markers that some German will react [to this foreign criticism] as was standard in the days of the Weimar republic. We may fall into a spiral of snivelling self-indulgence and coming increasingly into conflict with a justified criticism from outside. Instead let us try to understand why others are reacting how they are reacting."
Likewise the response from politicians was quite muted, with few senior coalition politicians speaking out although the SPD's former foreign minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier accused Merkel herself of having strained Franco-German relations.
So what does this tell us? Well clearly the German media and politicians are unusually introspective and cautious not to stir a nationalistic argument, but that's hardly news. More interestingly is the degree of relative indifference.
This speaks volumes about the changing power balance between the two countries.
Labels: angela merkel, France, franco-german axis, german media, germany, Hollande
Dear openeurope,
could you please do an article on the so called austerity in the EU/Eurozone. The Kingdom of Spain, for instance, has increased its public spending (according to Maastricht criteria) by approx. 20 percent since 2007. That's an increase of more than 3 percent per year. In fact none of the Eurozone countries has reduced its spending.
So any politician that blames anything on the harsh austerity measures obviously has no clue what (s)he is talking about and yet, (s)he assumes that deficit spending will make things better.
The euro is doomed without french cooperation...make no mistake, the French created it... If they dis-agree with Germany, Europe will split and that's not good...
However i still hope for the best...!
David Horton said...
If I were the French, I'd be a little bit more pleasant to Frau Merkel.
Merkel is keeping the EU dream alive with regular vast contributions, courtesy of the German taxpayer.
I am vehemently opposed to Britain's continued membership of the EU in its current incarnation. And if it can't (or refuses to) change to a simpler, cheaper more EEC-like model, then we should leave them to it. Immediately.
Nevertheless, you have to take your hat off to the German government and people. They pay hand over fist to prop up the PIIGS and others and all they get in return is vitriol for being efficient and prosperous. Ludicrous and I cannot understand why the Germans haven't become wholly exasperated with the attitude of these other countries and cut the PIIGS (and the French) loose.
The un-Germanic attitude displayed by the Germans is an interesting study, but I hope that their patience has a horizon. I can't imagine that Berlin will put up with soaring government expenditure, institutional and socially acceptable tax dodging for much longer. You can only throw so much good money after so much bad.
And when the Germans finally do admit defeat and announce that they are closing the treasure chest, the EU will have hit a very big iceberg.
"Women and children and those countries with their own currency first…"
Soluções politicas partilhadas da França e da Alemanha e não marginalizando a Comissão Europeia
30/4/13 12:23 pm
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
let mix = require('laravel-mix');

mix.setPublicPath('./').options({
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/*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Mix Asset Management
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |
 | Mix provides a clean, fluent API for defining some Webpack build steps
 | for your TastyIgniter application. By default, we are compiling the Sass
 | file for the application as well as bundling up all the JS files.
 |
 */

//
//  Build Admin SCSS
//
mix.sass('src/scss/admin.scss', 'css')

//
//  Combine Admin UI JS
//
mix.scripts(
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        'node_modules/js-cookie/src/js.cookie.js',
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mix.copy(
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


TV series Continuum - Canadian fiction television series, starring Rachel Nichols. The premiere took place on the TV channel Showcase May 27, 2012. Filming of the series took place in Vancouver.
Defender Cyrus Cameron traveled in time from 2077 to 2012, in pursuit of a terrorists group of her time, who were sentenced to death, and escaped at the moment. In order to track down and stop the threat of the future, Kira comes to the local police. Helps her to track down the perpetrators a young computer genius who created the technology that will be widely distributed in the future.


Dr. Hoepfner is dual board-certified in orthopaedic surgery and in hand and upper extremity surgery. He has published numerous articles in leading medical journals and serves as an instructor of hand injuries for the national hand surgery organization where he teaches the most current techniques in treating complex wrist, elbow and shoulder injuries. Dr. Hoepfner was on the Northwestern University Medical School faculty and holds a patent for an implant in thumb arthritis. Whether using a surgical or nonsurgical approach, the appropriate treatment is tailored to each patient. As an expert in open and arthroscopic surgery, Dr. Hoepfner also specializes in carpal tunnel release, cubital tunnel release, sports injuries, fractures, dislocations, arthritis, tennis elbow, and complex elbow and wrist reconstruction. He also has specialized experience with complicated surgical reconstructions for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In many difficult cases, he has enhanced his patient's quality of life and independence. With a focus on restoring function and eliminating pain with the newest, least invasive methods possible, Dr. Hoepfner is often referred complicated upper extremity cases from other orthopedic surgeons. He performs all of his own surgeries and is one of the few surgeons in the Chicago area who performs total wrist replacements. Dr. Hoepfner also offers injections with platelet-rich plasma to stimulate tissue healing. Board-certified in the evaluation of disability and impairment, Dr. Hoepfner is known to provide highly respected opinions when performing independent medical evaluations at the request of the medico-legal community.
I recognize that each patient brings a very unique and interesting condition that requires a thoughtful, personalized approach and solution.
Part of national leading hand surgery faculty teaching course for international audience of hand and orthopaedic surgeons.
"ibji dr hoepfner 60". Released: 2018.


text:
alisongurden 4 out of 5 dentists recommend this WordPress.com site
Football Supporter Law – Teachers' Materials
Human Trafficking – Want to know more?
in Criminal Law, Football banning orders, General Legal, Uncategorized
Football Banning Order spiraling out of control – from drinking in sight of the pitch to a 5 month prison sentence!
The news reports of the football fan who has just received a 5 month prison sentence for breaching his football banning order, makes it an opportune time to remind fans how acceptance of a football banning order, in the belief that it is a civil order, can result in a criminal conviction and prison sentence.
While I don't have first hand knowledge of this case, and will leave you to draw your own conclusions from the news article below, the circumstances are similar to those that play out in magistrates and crown courts all over England and Wales during every football season. A Football Banning Order can be requested by the police against a fan who they police deem to be causing or likely to cause disorder at football matches. This is a civil order, and many fans will accept the order without challenge due to the fact it is civil and they are under the impression that they cannot challenge it in court. That impression is incorrect, although it is a civil order, the consequences of breaching it are criminal and as such it can be challenged from the first stage.
A civil order can be imposed on a fan by the Magistrates Court for between 3 and 5 years. If the fan breaches that order (and a breach can be as simple as entering a town on a saturday where the fan's team are playing) then the fan can face a prison sentence. If it is a Home game, this often means that a fan, subject to a football banning order, who takes his or her family into town on a Saturday can be arrested. The breach then becomes a criminal case and this can result in prison.
The fan may consider that the alleged incident in or outside of the football ground which resulted in the football banning order was a minor incident. They may also consider that taking their family into town on a Saturday is a minor incident and as such they will be able to talk their way out of it with the Police or the Magistrates Court. This is a big mistake. The Football Banning Order is a court order and the courts take the breach of one of their orders very seriously. So the simple facts of the case will not excuse the fan, the fact they have breached a court order will mean that they will likely be sentenced to a criminal sanction which can include imprisonment. And hence the minor incident has a life changing effect on the fan, a criminal record, and possibly a period at Her Majesty's Pleasure!
The key to all of this is not to immediately accept the order, or panic when a summons arrives on the doorstep or is handed over by a police officer. It is best to seek legal advice at the earliest opportunity, and most lawyers specializing in football banning orders will provide their initial advice for free. But even if things have started to spiral out of control, and a criminal conviction for breaching an order is looming, seek advice. Not only the future of attending football matches, but also of work and liberty may depend on whether advice is sought.
5 month prison sentence all started with drinking in sight of the pitch at a football match
Tags: criminal, Football Banning Order, football policing, lawyer, prison
About gurdena
Social Justice Barrister, interested in all things contentious & anything criminal justice related including prisoners and complaints against the police. Specialising in criminal law - mainly sex, violence, and football fans (not necessarily all 3 at the same time!). Represents people facing death penalty in the USA. Associate Member at Drystone Chambers Gurdena@btinternet.com Alison.gurden@drystone.com
View all posts by gurdena »
FOOTBALL FANS ON A FOOTBALL BANNING ORDER MAY HAVE BEEN UNLAWFULLY PREVENTED FROM TRAVELLING DURING THE NATIONS LEAGUE IN JUNE 2019
The curse of the UK Football Policing Unit..
My clients are not Animals in the Zoo and shouldn't be treated as such by others who are looking for clickbait or self promotion.
Update on Virgin train staff searching Millwall fans in January 2018
Statement in relation to AS Roma fan Filippo Lombardi
Football banning orders
Foreign National Prisoners (FNPs)
Juvenile Offenders/Inmates
Prison and Inmates
Save UK Justice
alisongurden


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The tiny island of Asinara, off north-west Sardinia, has only one official resident.
Enrico Mereu worked as a guard at Asinara's maximum security prison. When it closed and the island became a national park in 1997, everybody left – except for him.
The silence is absolutely perfect as I walk into the water. It's slightly cold, small fish are everywhere around me and, as I look back to the shoreline, there's an albino donkey, common on Asinara, staring back at me. It's just like being on another planet, in perfect harmony with the wild nature that is everywhere around me. I'm already falling in love with this place, and I can perfectly understand Enrico's feelings. Loneliness never felt so good.
Castelsardo on the north coast lies picturesquely draped over a rocky promontory overlooking the Gulf of Asinara. The medieval town is crowned by a castle that now holds a museum of basket-weaving, an important local handicraft.
Hello Sardinia, the Italian Mediterranean island so different from the motherland that it supports a vocal independence movement. A reputation for sunny beaches brings summer visitors who often fail to discover the year-round charms of a ruggedly beautiful interior that also holds a deeper, darker secret.
Can a return to tradition revive Sardinia's fortunes?
Franco Maritato, from Sardinia, is in his late 30s. I meet him in his shop, called Caratzas, where he carves and sells Merdules, the traditional carnival masks from Ottana.
Pietro Lilliu waits outside his house in Ussaramanna, in the center of the Marmilla, and welcomes me with a strong handshake. We go for a drive on a dirt track up a hillside to have a look at his vineyards.
Sardinia has this wild side that seems to inspire a certain kind of person. I find one such living in a small hut in Valle della Luna (Moon Valley), near Capo Testa.


17 years after they first worked together in WCW, Vince Russo finally apologizes to Eric Bischoff in this heartfelt video.
After 18 years, Vince Russo FINALLY offers a public apology to Jim Cornette.
200th EPISODE ON PODCASTONE TODAY!!!


Applications are invited for the position of Professor for G L Bajaj Group of Institution. The position is based in Mathura.Candidate should have a B.Arch ,M.Arch with 3 years of experience. Teach the students and guide their project. Motivate and inspire to students to learn while striving for success by teaching, mentoring and coaching students. They should deliver lectures and handle student queries effectively. They should foster an environment where students are motivated to learn.


text:
Q: Unable to open socket to url with path I am trying to create socket in order to connect with server. Problem is that server keeps socket on specific path like localhost:8050/adapter/interface
I tried different things like below but without any result. Each time i receive that host is not known
string hostname = Dns.GetHostName();
string myip = Dns.GetHostByName(hostname).AddressList[0].ToString();
dsSocket = new TcpClient(myip+ "/adapter/interface/", 8050);

I have JS code like below:
 dsm_webSocket = new WebSocket(dsm_webSocketUrl);
where url is like below:
"ws://localhost:8050/adapter/interface"
I am trying to do the same connection but in C#

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}

Superhydrophobic (SH) textures have raised a considerable interest and
motivated numerous studies during the past decade~\cite{quere.d:2005,darmanin.t:2014}. Such surfaces in the Cassie
state, i.e., where the texture is filled with gas, are extremely important in
the context of fluid dynamics due to their superlubricating
potential~\cite{bocquet2007,rothstein.jp:2010,vinogradova.oi:2012}. The use of
highly anisotropic SH textures provides additional possibilities for flow
manipulation. The effective hydrodynamic slip of such surfaces, $\mathbf
b_{\rm eff}$, is generally
tensorial~\cite{stone2004,Bazant2008,feuillebois.f:2009,harting.j:2012}  due to secondary
flows transverse to the direction of the applied pressure
gradient~\cite{mixer2010,vinogradova.oi:2010}. This can be used to separate particles~\cite{pimponi.d:2014} and enhance mixing rate~\cite{ou.j:2007} in typical for microfluidic devices
low-Reynolds-numbers flows. Over the last decade, the quantitative understanding of liquid flow in SH
channels with anisotropic walls was significantly expanded. However, many fundamental issues still remains challenging.

According to the modern concept of effective slip, $\mathbf b_{\rm eff}$
is a global characteristic of a channel~\cite{vinogradova.oi:2012}, which can
be applied for arbitrary channel thickness~\cite{harting.j:2012}.
This implies that the eigenvalues depend
not only on the parameters of the heterogeneous surfaces (such as local slip
lengths, fractions of phases, and the texture period $L$), but also on the
channel thickness $H$. However, for a thick (compared to $L$) channel they
become a characteristics of a heterogeneous interface
solely~\cite{Bazant2008,bocquet2007,kamrin.k:2010}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\vspace*{-0.1\columnwidth} \hspace*{-0.1\columnwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{NizkayaFig1.eps}
\caption{(a) Cartoon showing the two identical misaligned superhydrophobic
walls decorated with no-slip (white) and partial-slip (colored) stripes. (b)
Top view of a periodic rectangular unit cell.}
\label{fig:sketch}
\end{figure}

Most of the prior work has focused on the optimization of the (forward)
effective slip and calculations of the eigenvalues of the effective
slip-length tensor for a single 1D interface
~\cite{Belyaev2010,Zhou2013,priezjev.n:2011,Ybert2007,ng.co:2010} and channels
with aligned walls~\cite{feuillebois.f:2009,Zhou2012} or one hydrophilic
(no-slip) wall~\cite{feuillebois.f:2009,harting.j:2012}. The eigenvalues of
$\mathbf b_{\rm eff}$ correspond to the directions of fastest and lowest
effective slip. In these directions, a pressure gradient does not produce
transverse flows. In other directions, however,  a flow may become
misaligned with the force, and transverse hydrodynamic flow can be generated.
This phenomenon was also discussed only for a single
interface~\cite{Bazant2008,vinogradova.oi:2012}, for channels with
symmetrically aligned stripes~\cite{mixer2010,Zhou2012} or with one
no-slip wall~\cite{mixer2010,nizkaya.tv:2013}.

In the present paper, we show that any
misalignment of textured and anisotropic walls necessarily leads to a generation of shear flow in the transverse
direction, which has not
been appreciated in previous work~\cite{Bazant2008}.  The transverse shear, in turn, generates complex flow structures at the
scale of the texture period.We show that at low, but finite, Reynolds
numbers (Re) of the channel, a transverse shear is superimposed with two co-rotating vortices. At larger Re, these vortices become isolated, by suppressing a transverse shear. Such flow structures lead to a global vertical mixing of
fluids, which does not rely on the presence of confining side walls.
\section{Model}
\label{sec:model}

We consider the pressure-driven
flow between two parallel
stationary (passive) SH walls separated by the distance $H$ and decorated with
identical anisotropic textures of a period $L$, and width of the gas area $\delta$, so that the fraction of the slipping area is $\phi=\delta/L$. The lower and the upper wall textures are misaligned by an angle $0\leq 2\alpha \leq \pi/2$. The flow is periodic with a rectangular unit cell as depicted in
Fig. \ref{fig:sketch}.  We place the origin of the $(x,y,z)$ coordinate
system at the center of the cell, in the midplane, with the $z$ axis
perpendicular to the walls.

We assume the gas interface to be flat with no
meniscus curvature. Such an idealized  situation, which neglects an additional mechanism for a dissipation due to a meniscus, has been considered in most
previous publications~\cite{priezjev.nv:2005,Ybert2007,vinogradova.oi:2010}. It has been shown theoretically~\cite{Ybert2007,Davis:2009} that a low curvature of the meniscus expected for relatively dense textures  cannot reduce the effective slippage in the Stokes regime (but note that there are still some remaining controversies in the experimental data~\cite{ou2004,Bolognesi:2014}). The quantitative understanding of whether and how such curvature effects could modify effective slip lengths in the case of finite Re is still challenging. This subject, which remains largely unexplored, is beyond the scope of the present work and deserves a separate study.

We finally impose no-slip at the solid area, i.e. neglect slippage of liquid~\cite{vinogradova1999,vinogradova.oi:2009,joly.l:2006} and gas~\cite{seo.d:2013} past hydrophobic surface, which is justified provided the nanometric slip is
small compared to parameters of the texture. Prior work often assumed idealized shear-free boundary
conditions over the gas sectors~\cite{philip.jr:1972,priezjev.nv:2005,lauga.e:2003}, so that the viscous dissipation in the underlying gas phase has been neglected. Here we
will use the partial slip boundary conditions, which are the consequences of the `gas cushion model'~\cite{vinogradova.oi:1995a,nizkaya.tv:2014}.

\section{Theory of transverse shear}
\label{sec:theory}

To address effective (`macroscopic') properties of the channel we evaluate the mean
velocity profile of the Stokes flow (Re $\ll 1$), averaged over the periodic cell in $x,y$. Due to the
linearity of the Stokes equations, it is sufficient to consider only the flow
in eigendirections of the texture. Let us first consider a pressure-driven flow with $-\nabla P$ aligned with the $x-$axis ($\theta=0$).
If $-\nabla P$ is aligned with the $y-$axis, the flow can then be obtained by simply replacing $\alpha$ by $\pi/2-\alpha$. The symmetry of the problem implies that the $x$-component of
the mean velocity is symmetric in $z$ and  its $y$-component is
antisymmetric.
For the Stokes flow the mean velocity profile is scaled by
$U_0=-H^{2}\mathbf{\nabla }P/\left( 2\mu \right)$ and has the following form:

\begin{equation}
\left\langle \mathbf{u}\right\rangle (z)=\left( \frac{1}{4}-z^{2}\right) \mathbf{e}_{x}+u_{sx
\mathbf{e}_{x}+\gamma _{yx}z\mathbf{e}_{y},
\label{u_me}
\end{equation
where coordinates are scaled by $H$, $u_{sx}$ is the slip velocity in the $x-$direction and $\gamma_{yx}$ is the transverse shear rate. Therefore, the first term  represents the conventional Poiseuille flow, the second term is a slip-driven (forward) plug flow, and the last term is a linear shear flow in the transverse direction. The laminar flow in the channel
is a linear superposition of these
three terms as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:sketch2}.  Eq.(\ref{u_me}) can
therefore be seen as a generalization of an earlier idea, formulated for a
thick channel~\cite{Bazant2008}, to an arbitrary channel situation.

To quantify the effective properties of the channel, we
now introduce the flow and shear rates averaged over the cell volume $V$
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathbf{Q} &=&\frac{1}{V}\int \mathbf{u}_{\tau }dV=-\frac{H^{2}}{12\mu
\mathbf{k}\cdot \mathbf{\nabla }P, \\
\mathbf{G} &=&\frac{1}{V}\int \frac{\partial \mathbf{u}_{\tau }}{\partial z
dV=-\frac{H}{2\mu }\boldsymbol\gamma\cdot \mathbf{\nabla }P,
\label{qg}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mathbf{u}_{\tau }=\left( u_{x},u_{y}\right) $ is the tangential
velocity. The effective (dimensionless) effective permeability, $\mathbf{k},$ and shear,
$\boldsymbol\gamma,$  tensors can then be found by solving a local problem in
the channel.

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[width=0.5\columnwidth]{NizkayaFig2.eps}
  \caption{Sketch of an mean velocity profile $\left\langle u \right\rangle (z)$ given by Eq. (\protect\ref{u_me}). A uniform $- \nabla P$ is applied in the $x-$direction. }
  \label{fig:sketch2}
\end{figure}

Let us note that Eq.~(\ref{u_me}) and the symmetry conditions imply that
the $\mathbf{k}$ and $\boldsymbol\gamma$ tensors   are:
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{k}=\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
k_{xx}(\alpha) & 0 \\
0 & k_{yy}(\alpha
\end{array
\right) , \;
\end{equation}
where $k_{xx}=1+6u_{sx}$ and
\begin{equation}
\quad \boldsymbol\gamma=\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \gamma _{xy}(\alpha) \\
\gamma _{yx}(\alpha) &
\end{array
\right).
\label{kgam}
\end{equation}
Thus, our coordinate system diagonalizes the permeability tensor.
Also, due to the symmetry of the periodic cell,
$k_{yy}(\alpha)=k_{xx}(\pi/2-\alpha)$ and
$\gamma_{xy}(\alpha)=\gamma_{yx}(\pi/2-\alpha)$.

To calculate $u_{sx}(\alpha)$ and $\gamma_{yx}(\alpha)$ we have to solve the
Stokes equations on the periodic cell with spatially varying local slip lengths. The flow can be treated as a superposition of
two solutions for a configuration with one SH and one hydrophilic
wall, which is justified provided the thickness of the
channel is large enough (see Appendix~\ref{appA}). This simplification allows us to obtain explicit formulae for the
mean slip and the shear tensor:
\begin{eqnarray}
u_{sx}(\alpha)=\frac{\beta_++\beta_-\cos(2\alpha)+2(\beta_+^2-\beta_-^2)}{1+2\beta_+-2\beta_-\cos(2\alpha)},\\
\gamma_{yx}(\alpha)=-\frac{2\beta_-\sin(2\alpha)}{1+2\beta_+-2\beta_-\cos(2\alpha)},
\end{eqnarray
where $\beta_{+}=(b_{\mathrm{eff}}^{\Vert }+b_{\mathrm{eff}}^{\perp })/(2H)$,
$\beta_{-}=(b_{\mathrm{eff}}^{\Vert }-b_{\mathrm{eff}}^{\perp })/(2H).$ The
effective slip tensor $\mathbf b_{\mathrm{eff}}$ here corresponds to a
configuration  with one SH wall.

The misalignment of the upper and the lower textures leads to a `macroscopic'
anisotropy of the flow, i.e. the effective permeability depends on the direction of
the pressure gradient, and a secondary transverse flow is generated.
To study this effect, we now apply $-\nabla P$
at an angle $0 \leq \theta \leq \pi/2$ to the $x$-axis.
For the forward and transverse flow rate we then obtain, using the tensorial formalism~\cite{Bazant2008}:
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{ll}
\displaystyle Q_{\mathrm{F}}/Q_0=k_{xx}\cos^2\theta+k_{yy}\sin^2\theta,
\label{QL} \\
\displaystyle Q_{\mathrm{T}}/Q_0=(k_{xx}-k_{yy})\cos\theta\sin\theta,
\end{array}
\end{equation}
where $Q_0=\dfrac{|\nabla P|H^2}{12\mu}$ corresponds to the Poiseuille flow in a channel with hydrophilic walls. Note that $Q_{\mathrm{T}}$ vanishes when $\theta = 0$ or when stripes are crossed at a right angle, $2 \alpha = \pi/2$. These special configurations, therefore, are equivalent to channels with impermeable side walls.

Similarly, for the mean shear rates we get

\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{ll}\displaystyle G_{\mathrm{F}}/G_0=-(\gamma_{xy}+\gamma_{yx})\sin\theta\cos\theta,
\label{GL} \\
\displaystyle G_{\mathrm{T}}/G_0=\gamma_{yx}\cos^2\theta-\gamma_{xy}\sin^2\theta,
\end{array}
\end{equation}
where $G_0=\dfrac{U_0}{H}=\dfrac{|\nabla P| H}{2\mu}$ is a characteristic shear
rate for a hydrophilic channel. It follows from Eq.~(\ref{GL})  that the forward shear rate, $G_{\mathrm{F}}$, vanishes when  $\theta = 0$ or when $\gamma_{xy}=-\gamma_{yx}$, but
the transverse shear rate, $G_{\mathrm{T}}$, becomes zero only at $\theta
=\pm (\arctan(\gamma_{xy} /\gamma_{yx} ))^{1/2}$. However, this does not imply
that the shear tensor can be diagonalized by a proper rotation of the coordinate
system, since the two directions are not orthogonal in the general case.

To illustrate this general approach we focus below on specific case of SH surfaces consisting of
periodic stripes, where the piecewise constant local slip lengths of (identical) textured walls vary in only one direction. In this case the $\mathbf{k}$ and $\boldsymbol
\gamma$ tensors  have been found using the numerical solutions of the Stokes
equations~\cite{nizkaya.tv:2013} (see Appendix \ref{appA} for details), and the eigenvalues of the slip-length tensor correspond to those calculated before~\cite{harting.j:2012}.

\section{Simulations and data analysis}
\label{sec:simulation}

In order to assess the validity of the above theoretical approach at the relatively low Re regime and to explore what happens
when Re is larger, we  employ the Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) simulations \cite{Hoogerbrugge1992, Espanol1995} carried out using the open source package ESPResSo~\cite{ESPResSo}. Specifically,  we use DPD  as a Navier-Stokes solver based on a fluid of non-interacting particles \cite{Zhou2013} and combine that with a tunable-slip method~\cite{Smiatek2008} that allows one to vary the local slip length~\cite{Zhou2012, asmolov:2013, Zhou2013}.

Note that for misaligned stripes the simulation
box depends on $2\alpha$ due to the periodic
boundary conditions in the $x-$ and $y-$directions (see Fig.~\ref{fig:sketch}).  The three dimensions of the simulation
box are $(L/\sin\alpha, L/\cos\alpha, H+2\sigma)$, where $\sigma$ sets the length scale. The extra $2\sigma$ in
$z$-direction accounts for the depletion due to the excluded volume
interaction of the impermeable surfaces.
In the present study, we have used $L=20\,\sigma$, and
$H/L=1$ or $0.5$. All simulations have been performed for textures
with the fraction of gas phase $\phi=0.5$, where the Cassie state is typically stable. The local slip length on the slippery area was chosen to be $b/L=10$, which is close to the maximum attainable local slip length at the gas area, $b/L \simeq 16 \phi$~\cite{nizkaya.tv:2014}, in the case of deep textures, where again the Cassie state is  very stable.

 With a fluid density $\rho =
3.75\,\sigma^{-3}$, a typical system consists of $0.6 \text{--} 1.2\times 10^5$
particles.  The simulation starts with randomly distributed particles.  The
pressure-driven flow is modeled by applying  to all particles an external force in the $x-$direction.
The system is allowed to reach a steady state after $10^6$ time steps; then the
measurement is performed by averaging over $10^5$ time steps to obtain sufficient
statistics.
 We use a body force ranging from $f=0.004\varepsilon/\sigma$ to $0.04\varepsilon/\sigma$, where $\varepsilon$ sets the energy scale. These values of $f$ provide flows with Reynolds numbers varying from $\mathrm{Re}=2.8$ to $\mathrm{Re}=28$.
All simulations were performed with a time step $\Delta t = 0.01 \sqrt{m/\varepsilon}\sigma$, where $m$ is the mass of DPD particles, and the temperature of the system was set at $\varepsilon = k_BT$.
The DPD interaction parameter is chosen at $\gamma_{\rm DPD} = 5.0 \sqrt{m\varepsilon}/\sigma$ and the cutoff is $1.0\,\sigma$.
The shear viscosity is measured to be $\mu_s = 1.35 \pm 0.01 \sqrt{m\varepsilon}/\sigma^2$.

Mean fluxes and shear rates are calculated by averaging the simulation data over the periodic cell. The fluid velocity field obtained in simulations is used to compute a family of streamlines from the beginning to the end of the cell. These streamlines are then used to construct the vector field of fluid displacements over one texture period. Finally, to visualize the fluid  mixing we define a dense uniform grid in the channel cross-section at a distance of $N$ periods from the inlet, and for each point of this grid we then calculate backward streamlines to determine its initial position.

\section{Results and Discussion}
\label{sec:result}

\begin{figure}[h!]
  \includegraphics[width=1.\columnwidth]{NizkayaFig3.eps}
   \caption{Forward flow rate (a, c) and transverse shear
rate (b, d) as a function of
$\theta$ computed with $b/L=10$. The thickness of the channel, $H,$ is equal to $L$ (a, b) or $L/2$ (c, d). Symbols show simulation results for Re$=2.8$ and
misalignment angles $2\alpha=\pi/6$ (circles), $\pi/3$ (triangles),
and $\pi/2$ (squares). Solid curves are theoretical predictions for Re $\ll 1$
(Eqs.~(\ref{QL}) and  (\ref{GL})). }
  \label{QGcurves}
\end{figure}

In order to assess the validity of the above theoretical approach developed for low Re we first run a set of
simulations at Re=2.8 in channels with different misalignment angles $2\alpha$, and $H/L=1$ and $0.5$.
 The simulation results  are shown in Fig.~\ref{QGcurves}. Also included are the forward fluxes and transverse shear rates calculated using
Eqs.~(\ref{QL}-\ref{GL}).   A general conclusion is that the theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with simulation results
for $H/L=1$
(Fig.~\ref{QGcurves}(a,b)). Even for thinner channels, $H/L=0.5$
(Fig.~\ref{QGcurves}(c,d)), where the theory slightly underestimates the permeability and
overestimates the transverse shear, which is likely due to simplifications made (see Section~\ref{sec:theory} and Appendix \ref{appA}), the agreement is quite good.
 Fig.~\ref{QGcurves} shows that the flow rates $Q_{\mathrm{F}}$
become maximal for  $-\nabla P$ aligned with the $x-$axis ($\theta = 0$) and minimal if it is aligned with the
$y$-axis ($\theta = \pi/2$). These directions  correspond to the largest amplitude of a transverse shear $|G_{\mathrm{T}}|$ at a given $2\alpha$. When the lower and upper stripes are orthogonal ($2\alpha=\pi/2$),  $Q_{\mathrm{F}}$ becomes independent on $\theta$, and we recall that in this case $Q_{\mathrm{T}}=0$ as discussed above. This orthogonal configuration allows one to  reach (at $\theta = 0$ and $\pi/2$) the largest possible amplitude of $|G_{\mathrm{T}}|$ that can be attained in the channel. Therefore, the detailed investigation of flow and mixing properties below will be restricted to this optimal configuration with  $2 \alpha=\pi/2$, $\theta=0$, and to a thinner channel, $H/L=0.5$.

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=1\columnwidth]{NizkayaFig4.eps}
   \caption{Cross-sections (at $x=0$) of the velocity field $(u_y, u_z)$ obtained in the theory (Re$\ll 1$) and simulations (Re$=2.8$). Color map shows the forward velocity $u_x$.
}
  \label{VelFields}
\end{figure}

Now we note that our simulations, performed at small, but finite Re, suggest that the texture misalignment leads to a complex shape of the flow on the scale of the
period of the texture. In Fig. \ref{VelFields} we have plotted typical theoretical (Re$\ll 1$) and simulation (Re=2.8) cross-sections of the fluid velocity. A general conclusion from this plot is that the fluid in the upper part of the channel is driven in the $y-$direction, but in the lower part it flows in the opposite direction, which is in agreement with our theoretical predictions of a transverse shear. A striking result emerging from this plot is that the simulated velocity field shows in addition a
significant $z-$component at the midplane of the channel, which is likely due to a finite inertia of the fluid.

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=1.\columnwidth]{NizkayaFig5.eps}
   \caption{3D (a), top (b) and front (c) view of streamlines for the simulated velocity field (Re$=2.8$). Squares indicate initial positions of fluid particles, dots show their positions at the end of the periodic cell. }
\label{fig:strlines}
\end{figure}

To understand the global properties of the simulated flow, we now focus on its streamlines shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:strlines}. We conclude, that indeed, as expected, fluid particles are displaced in $y-$direction due to a generation of a non-zero mean shear. However, in addition some small (but non-zero)
vertical displacement is observed, so that they reach different positions on the $yz$-plane
after crossing a unit cell.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.75\columnwidth]
{NizkayaFig6.eps}
   \caption{Vector field of fluid displacements over one cell period in $yz$-plane.
The velocity fields are obtained from simplified theory for $\mathrm{Re}\ll 1$
and simulations for $\mathrm{Re}=2.8$, $21$ and $28$.} \label{fig:dispfield}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]
{NizkayaFig7.eps}
   \caption{Forward flow rate (a) and transverse shear rate (b) simulated at different Re. } \label{fig:GTRe}
\end{figure}

An explanation for an emerging  flow in $z-$direction, not predicted by the simple Stokes theory, can be obtained if we invoke fluid inertia, which is characterized by the value of Re. To examine its significance in more details we construct a vector fields of fluid displacements over one period from the simulation data obtained at $\mathrm{Re}=2.8,\, 21$, and 28. In Fig.~\ref{fig:dispfield} we plot these  vector fields predicted theoretically and obtained from the simulations. We see that depending on the value of Re, different scenarios occur. For Re$\ll 1$ we observe a mean shear flow with very small vertical component near the walls. At $\mathrm{Re}=2.8$ and $21$ vector fields show a different
behavior, i.e. represent a uniform shear superimposed with
two  co-rotating vortices. Finally, at $\mathrm{Re}=28$ we detect two isolated vortices and inhibited transport in $y$-direction.

The impact of Re on forward and transverse flows is highlighted in Fig.\ref{fig:GTRe}. We see that the simulated $Q_{\mathrm{F}}$ remains nearly constant.  In contrast, the transverse shear rate $|G_{\mathrm{T}}|$ is a relatively weakly decreasing function of Re up to $\mathrm{Re}\simeq 21$, and then decreases abruptly down to a much smaller value at $\mathrm{Re} = 28$.

\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{NizkayaFig8.eps}
   \caption
Displacements of colored fluids over $N$ periods obtained for several Re. The axis limits (not shown) are the same as in Fig.~\ref{fig:dispfield}.  } \label{mixing}
\end{figure}

Our results have shown that flow in the channel with misaligned SH walls is much more complicated than the usual picture. The misalignment results in the generation of a transverse shear, but perhaps the most interesting and important aspect is the interplay of this transverse flow with the finite inertia of the fluid. This leads to a vertical displacement of a fluid, which could have implication for a vertical mixing in such a channel. To understand whether these results are significant for mixing, we mark the upper and lower parts of the channel by different colors and compute the evolution of this system \textbf{over} $N$ periods. The representative results for a contour field are shown in Fig.\ref{mixing}. We see that no vertical mixing occurs for the Stokes flow. For $\mathrm{Re}=21$ the mixing area is located in the center of the channel, but for $\mathrm{Re}=28$ the whole fluid is mixed.

\section{Conclusion}

\label{sec:conclusion}

In this paper we have extended the tensorial description of
SH channels developed earlier to configurations with
misaligned textures on bottom and top walls. We prove, that effective properties of
such channels are described by the permeability, $\mathbf k$, and the shear rate, $\boldsymbol\gamma$, tensors, and
develop a simplified theoretical approach, valid for Re $\ll 1$, to quantify them. We checked the validity of this approach by DPD simulations and found that theoretical predictions
are in quantitative agreement with the simulation results obtained at finite, but moderate Re.

Simulations have also shown that at finite Re the flow generated by this transverse
shear provides a basis for a new mixing mechanism of the fluids in microfluidic devices. Unlike
most classical mixers~\cite{rothstein.jp:2010,stroock2002b,mott2006}, where vortices are created both by large-scale inhomogeneities of patterned walls and by
the side walls of the channel, in our misaligned configuration the mixing occurs on the
scale of the texture period. It does not depend on the presence of confining side walls and is,
therefore, insensitive to the cross-sectional aspect ratio of the channel. We also recall that in microfluidic devices the mixing is normally controlled by viscous terms, so that the form of the flow is independent on Re and remains the same up to $\mathrm{Re}\simeq 100$ ~\cite{stroock2002a}. In contrast, our vertical mixing is driven by fluid inertia even at very moderate Re, and becomes more pronounced with the increase in Re.

Finally, we mention that our results can be immediately
extended to a situation of a channel with a periodically changing orientation of top and bottom stripes, which could lead to a chaotic advection~\cite{wiggins.s:2004,aref1984,stremler2004designing}, currently exploited mostly in  the `herringbone'-type mixers~\cite{stroock2002a,stroock2002b}.

\begin{acknowledgements}
This research was partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant  15-01-03069), the EU
IRSES DCP-PhysBio (grant N269139),
and by the VW foundation.
The simulations were carried out using computational resources at the
John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC J\"ulich), the High Performance
Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) and Mainz University (MOGON).
\end{acknowledgements}

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Why won't your Refrigerator Work Properly in the Garage?
This is a common question. I will do my best to explain why your Freezer won't freeze properly when it's kept in the garage. More than likely you only notice this problem when the temperatures outside get down to freezing or close to it.
Basically there really isn't anything wrong with the Refrigerator itself. The problem is the outside air temperature. The Refrigerator Section in most Top Freezer Refrigerators is where the only thermostat for the machine is located. The Freezer Temperature is determined by how long the fridge runs, more on that later. The Refrigerator running in 70 - 75 degree temperatures(kitchen) will be "calling for cold" 45 -55 percent of the time. That means the machine is running about half the time. This keeps the temperature in the fridge compartment just below 40 degrees or so. By running about half the time causes the temperature in the freezer to toggle around zero.
Now, how do you adjust the freezer temperature then if the only thermostat is in the refrigerator compartment? ah, Good Question. That is pretty simple. The evaporator is located in the freezer section. This is what "gets cold" when the compressor runs. The fridge section gets its cold air from the freezer. There is an air diverter that only allows a small amount of air to circulate from the freezer to the refrigerator when it's calling for cold. So, at the factory settings in an average room temperature setting, the freezer will have to run long enough to freeze when it needs to cool the fridge compartment. Make sense? If you want to make the freezer temperature lower, you are essentially going to starve the refrigerator side's air flow. This will keep the freezer running longer to cool the fridge section and therefor you have lower freezer temperature.
Now here is the reason your Freezer won't Freeze in the garage during the winter months. If the outside temperature is close to the temperature your refrigerator section needs to be, the compressor will only have to run for a very short time to make the fridge happy. That will not be enough time for the freezer to pull down to the proper temperature.
There are kits you can get to solve this issue. There are normally called Garage Kits. Pretty easy to remember right. How a garage kit works is by tricking the refrigerator to think it's in a warmer environment. A garage kit is placed by the thermostat in the Refrigerator Compartment and it puts off a small amount of heat causing the freezer to cycle on and off more frequently. This allows the freezer to get down to the proper temperature and keep the things in your freezer completely frozen all the time. Not most of the time or sometimes.
It is a rather simple solution that the average person can do themselves. The kit shown in this post is a garage kit for a Frigidaire Refrigerator. This will give you an idea of what one looks like. If you have any questions about this, just visit Appliance Outlet and you can get more help there.
Thank you for the information about garage refrigerators. Our 25 year old refrigerator did great outside, but the newer one...8 years old... is headed for the garage soon, and I am afraid it will die on us this next winter in southern Ohio. Will this garage kit work on any refrigerator, or just Frigidair? Also, would this problem be solved if we built an insulated closet to house the refrigerator in the garage? or would that restrict too much air flow? Thanks for your help.
I am only going to use my outside fridge for beer. Not use the freezer at all. Would it be best that I simply leave the fridge unplugged in the winter and just use the unit for storage?
I live in florida and my garage at times could be 90+ degrees. Is there any reason why I should not keep a freezer in the garage?
are you kidding me! using a heater to trick the freezer to think its in a warmer environment. If its a winter climate, and the garage is cold, why go through all the trouble. unplug the beast, leave the door open, and take advantage of the free cold environment.
The idea is, that if it's 30 degrees in the garage, the unit won't run at all, because the refrigerator compartment is at 30 degrees. If the unit doesn't run, the freezer which should be close to zero will then become 30 degrees, and you lose everything in the freezer... Unless your garage is 0 degrees, in which case.... move somewhere warmer.
Not positive, but i think side by side models work a little differently. Top freezer models have the thermostat in the fridge, but cool the freezer. This means that the freezer gets colder than the fridge, as the cold filters down from the freezer to the fridge.
I'm relatively sure most side by side models have the thermostat located in the freezer compartment. Installing the garage kit in that location would keep the compressor running all the time, effectively turning both sides of your fridge into a freezer.
No they don't work in the garage either.....been there, done that.
I just purchased a garage kit, but there is a warning " this Cold kit will not work when room or ambient temperature go below 34 F degrees".
I live in Minnesota and today it is 18 degrees outside and 34 degrees in my garage. We definately get temperatures below 0, so our garage would be below 34. Is there a way to run our refrigerator in the garage?
I just purchased this garage kit to install in a new Whirlpool refrigerator for the garage. I removed control box and, in addition, to the thermostat, there is an electronic circuit board. It may be obvious, but do I have a refrigerator with electronic controls and now not able to install the garage kit? I do not want to risk frying the circuit board.
Garage kits are only available and only work on 2001 and newer Frigidaire top mounted freezer refridgerators with manual controls, which are subject to temp of 34 degrees and above.


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text:
Ruth 4 – The Marriage of Boaz and Ruth
A. The nearer kinsman declines his right of redemption.
1. (1-2) Boaz meets the nearer kinsman at the city gates.
Now Boaz went up to the gate and sat down there; and behold, the close relative of whom Boaz had spoken came by. So Boaz said, "Come aside, friend, sit down here." So he came aside and sat down. And he took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, "Sit down here." So they sat down.
a. Now Boaz went: The previous chapter left us at a dramatic point. Ruth and Boaz were obviously in love and wanted to get married, with Boaz exercising the right of the goel – the kinsman-redeemer. Yet, there was a kinsman closer to Ruth and he had priority. Would he claim the right of kinsman-redeemer towards Ruth, and keep her and Boaz from coming together?
b. Boaz went up to the gate: The gate of the city was always the place where the esteemed and honorable men of the city sat. For an ancient city in Israel it was a combination of a city council chamber and a courtroom.
i. The city gate was "A kind of outdoor court, the place were judicial matters were resolved by the elders and those who had earned the confidence and respect of the people… a place for business and as a kind of forum or public meeting place." (Huey)
c. The near kinsman of who Boaz had spoken came by: Boaz surprised Ruth in 3:12 by telling her there was a nearer kinsman than himself. Now this man came by the city gates as Boaz sat there.
i. Because Ruth had quietly gone back home after being at the threshing floor at Boaz's instruction (Ruth 3:14), Boaz's approach to this nearer kinsman was be a complete surprise to the other man. Clearly this was a tactical advantage to Boaz.
d. Come aside, friend, sit down here: Literally, in the ancient Hebrew, when Boaz greeted the nearer kinsman he called him "Mr. So-and-so." The writer of Ruth never identified the name of the nearer kinsman because he was not worthy of the honor. He declined to fulfill his obligations as the nearer kinsman to Ruth.
i. "Doubtless Boaz both knew his name, and called him by it; but it is omitted by the holy writer, partly because it was unnecessary to know it; and principally in way of contempt, as is usual, and a just punishment upon him, that he who would not preserve his brother's name might lose his own, and lie buried in the grave of perpetual oblivion." (Poole)
2. (3-4) Boaz asks the nearer kinsman to redeem the land of Naomi (and Elimelech).
Then he said to the close relative, "Naomi, who has come back from the country of Moab, sold the piece of land which belonged to our brother Elimelech. And I thought to inform you, saying, 'Buy it back in the presence of the inhabitants and the elders of my people. If you will redeem it, redeem it; but if you will not redeem it, then tell me, that I may know; for there is no one but you to redeem it, and I am next after you.'" And he said, "I will redeem it."
a. Naomi… sold the piece of land: The duty of the goel – the kinsman-redeemer – was more than the duty to preserve the family name of his brother in Israel. It was also to keep land allotted to members of the clan within the clan.
i. When Israel came into the Promised Land during the days of Joshua, the land was divided among the tribes and then among the family groups. God intended that the land stay within those tribes and family groups, so the land could never permanently be sold. Every fifty years, it had be returned to the original family group (Leviticus 25:8-17)
ii. But fifty years is a long time. So, God made provision for land that was "sold," that it might be redeemed back to the family by the kinsman-redeemer.
iii. Again, the kinsman-redeemer had the responsibility to protect the persons, property, and posterity of the larger family – and all of these duties went together.
b. The piece of land: When Boaz brought the matter up to the nearer kinsman, he brought it up as a matter regarding property – something any man would be interested in. Anyone would want to buy back a piece of property and keep it in the family name by keeping it for one's self.
c. If you will redeem it, redeem it: When Boaz put it in terms of purely a land transaction, there was no hesitation on the nearer kinsman's part. Of course, he said, "I will redeem it."
i. Certainly Ruth and Naomi were watching and listening. How their hearts must have sunk when they heard the nearer kinsman say, "I will redeem it." They heard from his own lips that he would exercise his right at kinsman-redeemer, and that meant that he would gain not only the property in question, but also marry Ruth – instead of Boaz. But Boaz knew exactly what he was doing, and he had the situation all under control.
3. (5) Boaz informs the nearer kinsman of his duty to redeem the posterity of Elimelech if he will redeem the property of Elimelech.
Then Boaz said, "On the day you buy the field from the hand of Naomi, you must also buy it from Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of the dead, to perpetuate the name of the dead through his inheritance."
a. On the day you buy the field from the hand of Naomi, you must also buy it from Ruth the Moabitess: Boaz then put the surprise on the nearer kinsman. He told him that he wasn't only dealing with Naomi and the property of Elimelech, he also had to deal with Ruth.
i. Because Naomi was older and beyond the years of bearing children, the nearer kinsman was not expected to marry Naomi and raise up children to the family name of her deceased husband Elimelech. But Ruth was another matter – she was able to marry and bear children.
b. Buy it from Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of the dead, to perpetuate the name of the dead through his inheritance: Boaz explained what everyone knew – that this was a package deal. If someone was going to exercise the right of kinsman-redeemer towards the deceased Elimelech, he had to fulfill the duty in regard to both the property and the posterity.
i. Because of Boaz's wise (perhaps shrewd) way of framing the occasion, this was the first time the nearer kinsman considered this, and it was a pretty big question to take in all at once. When it was just a matter of property, it was easy to decide on; but if he must take Ruth as a wife, that was another matter.
4. (6) The nearer kinsman declines his right of redemption towards the property and posterity of Elimelech.
And the close relative said, "I cannot redeem it for myself, lest I ruin my own inheritance. You redeem my right of redemption for yourself, for I cannot redeem it."
a. I cannot redeem it for myself: Though it would be great to receive the property associated with Ruth, the nearer kinsman knew that taking her into his home and raising up her children would ruin his own inheritance.
b. Lest I ruin my own inheritance: Probably, the man had grown sons that had already received their inheritance of lands. The problem of dividing that inheritance among future children he would have with Ruth was more than he wanted to deal with.
i. Also, no doubt, the man was married – and knew it would be awkward (at best!) to bring home Ruth as wife number two.
c. You redeem my right of redemption for yourself, for I cannot redeem it: These were glorious words in the ears of Ruth and Naomi. A moment before, all seemed lost when the nearer kinsman had said, "I will redeem it." But Boaz's plan had a surprise and an unexpected wisdom to it. And it worked!
i. Some might of have thought Boaz's plan was foolish: to gain Ruth by offering her and her land to the nearer kinsman. How could that work? But the seemingly foolish plan did work.
B. The ceremony to document the proceedings.
1. (7-8) The custom of the sandal in transactions.
Now this was the custom in former times in Israel concerning redeeming and exchanging, to confirm anything: one man took off his sandal and gave it to the other, and this was a confirmation in Israel. Therefore the close relative said to Boaz, "Buy it for yourself." So he took off his sandal.
a. It was the custom in former times in Israel: Deuteronomy 25:5-10 describes the ceremony conducted when a kinsman declined his responsibility. The one declining removed a sandal and the woman he declined to honor spat in his face. But in this case, because there was no lack of honor was involved, they just did the part of the ceremony involving the sandal.
b. Buy it for yourself: The nearer kinsman said, "The land is yours to redeem, because you are also willing to redeem the posterity of Elimelech by taking Ruth as wife, something I am not willing to do."
2. (9-10) Boaz's announcement to the elders and the people.
And Boaz said to the elders and all the people, "You are witnesses this day that I have bought all that was Elimelech's, and all that was Chilion's and Mahlon's, from the hand of Naomi. Moreover, Ruth the Moabitess, the widow of Mahlon, I have acquired as my wife, to perpetuate the name of the dead through his inheritance, that the name of the dead may not be cut off from among his brethren and from his position at the gate. You are witnesses this day."
a. Boaz said to the elders and all the people: Boaz joyfully proclaimed – legally sealing the transaction – that he would redeem both the property and the posterity of Elimelech, and (best of all!) take Ruth, the woman he loved, as his wife.
i. That the name of the dead may not be cut off from among his brethren and from the gate of this place is a good description of the idea of preserving the posterity of the deceased.
b. Ruth… I have acquired as my wife: Back in chapter one, Ruth seemed to be giving up on her best chance of marriage by leaving her native land of Moab and giving her heart and life to the God of Israel. But as Ruth put God first, He brought her together in a relationship greater than she could have imagined. Today, God will bless those wanting to get married in the same way if they will only put Him first.
c. You are witnesses this day: This explains why a marriage ceremony is important, and why it should be recognized by the civil authorities. Boaz had a love for Ruth that was public, a love that wanted to be publicly witnessed and registered.
i. Sometimes, people wonder why a marriage ceremony, or a marriage license is important. "Can't we just be married before God?" But there is something severely lacking in a love that doesn't want to proclaim itself; that does not want witnesses; and that does not want the bond to be recognized by the civil authorities. That love falls short of true marital love.
ii. So, those who say "Well, if we were on a desert island and no one was there to marry us, could we still be married before God?" need to hear the answer: "Yes – on a desert island. But you aren't on a desert island. There are witnesses and civil authorities for you to proclaim your commitment of marital love to. God wants you to do it!"
3. (11-12) The blessing of the witnesses to the wedding.
And all the people who were at the gate, and the elders, said, "We are witnesses. The LORD make the woman who is coming to your house like Rachel and Leah, the two who built the house of Israel; and may you prosper in Ephrathah and be famous in Bethlehem. May your house be like the house of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah, because of the offspring which the LORD will give you from this young woman."
a. All the people who were at the gate, and the elders, said, "We are witnesses": No doubt, the crowd cheered! The men thought Ruth was beautiful and the women thought Boaz was handsome. Everybody could see what a romantic, loving occasion this was.
b. Like Rachel and Leah: These two had thirteen children between them and were the "mothers" of the whole nation of Israel. This was a big blessing to put on Boaz and Ruth.
c. Like the house of Perez: What was so special about Perez? The story of his birth is in Genesis 38:27-30.
i. Trapp on May your house be like the house of Perez: "That breach-maker, as the midwife called him, because he would needs be born before his brother, and carried away the first birthright: and afterwards became happy in a numerous and honourable posterity."
ii. "Indeed, it seems that Pharez was the ancestor of the Bethlehemites in general (1 Ch. 2:5, 18, 50f.). Moreover, Pharez gave his name to the section of the tribe of Judah that was descended from him (Num. 26:20)." (Kidner)
C. Happily ever after.
1. (13) Ruth and Boaz have their first child.
So Boaz took Ruth and she became his wife; and when he went in to her, the LORD gave her conception, and she bore a son.
a. The LORD gave her conception: The gift of children was never taken for granted in Israel. The fact that Boaz and Ruth were able to raise up a son to the deceased Elimelech was evidence of God's blessing.
2. (14-16) The blessed life of Naomi.
Then the women said to Naomi, "Blessed be the LORD, who has not left you this day without a close relative; and may his name be famous in Israel! And may he be to you a restorer of life and a nourisher of your old age; for your daughter-in-law, who loves you, who is better to you than seven sons, has borne him." Then Naomi took the child and laid him on her bosom, and became a nurse to him.
a. Blessed be the LORD: Look at blessed Naomi! She now had a grandson; she was now famous in Israel; and she got to be a nurse to her own grandson.
b. Who has not left you this day without a close relative: It was fitting that these blessings in the life of Naomi be given so much attention at the end of the book. Naomi was the one whose original returning to the LORD began all this great work of God. If Naomi had not decided to go back to Bethlehem, the land of Israel, and the God of Israel, none of this would have happened.
i. This is a marvelous demonstration of what God can do through one poor woman who gets right with Him.
ii. It is also fitting because Naomi was the one who said in chapter one, the Almighty has dealt very bitterly with me… the LORD has brought me home again empty… the LORD has testified against me (Ruth 1:20-21). If only Naomi could have seen then how greatly the LORD would bless her at the end!
iii. We can't blame Naomi – we certainly do the same kind of thing. But we should also learn from what she learned. We should learn that God's plan is perfect and filled with love, and even when we can't figure out what He is doing and it all seems so desperate, He still knows what He is doing. We should learn that all things work together for good for those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose (Romans 8:28).
3. (17-22) Ruth and Boaz: Great-grandparents to David, king of Israel.
Also the neighbor women gave him a name, saying, "There is a son born to Naomi." And they called his name Obed. He is the father of Jesse, the father of David. Now this is the genealogy of Perez: Perez begot Hezron; Hezron begot Ram, and Ram begot Amminadab; Amminadab begot Nahshon, and Nahshon begot Salmon; Salmon begot Boaz, and Boaz begot Obed; Obed begot Jesse, and Jesse begot David.
a. There is a son born to Naomi: The son of Ruth and Boaz was named Obed. He had a son name Jesse. He had a son named David. And David had a descendant named Jesus!
i. "God's hand is all over history. God works out His purpose, generation after generation. Limited as we are to one lifetime, each of us sees so little of what happens. A genealogy is a striking way of bringing before us the continuity of God's purpose through the ages. The process of history is not haphazard. There is a purpose in it all. And the purpose is the purpose of God." (Kidner)
b. The father of David: Naomi's return to Bethlehem, and the roots of David in Bethlehem, going back to Ruth and Boaz, are why Joseph and Mary had to go to Bethlehem to register in the census of Augustus (Luke 2:1-5). Ruth and Boaz are the reason why Jesus was born in Bethlehem!
i. But the consideration of Jesus in this book of Ruth doesn't begin with the mention of King David; Jesus has been through the whole book, pictured by Boaz and the office of the kinsman-redeemer.
· The kinsman-redeemer had to be a family member; Jesus added humanity to His eternal deity, so He could be our kinsman and save us.
· The kinsman-redeemer had the duty of buying family members out of slavery; Jesus redeemed us from slavery to sin and death.
· The kinsman-redeemer had the duty of buying back land that had been forfeited; Jesus will redeem the earth that mankind "sold" over to Satan.
· Boaz, as kinsman-redeemer to Ruth, was not motivated by self-interest, but motivated by love for Ruth. Jesus' motivation for redeeming us is His great love for us.
· Boaz, as kinsman-redeemer to Ruth, had to have a plan to redeem Ruth unto himself – and some might have thought the plan to be foolish. Jesus has a plan to redeem us, and some might think the plan foolish (saving men by dying for them on a cruel cross?), yet the plan works and is glorious.
· Boaz, as kinsman-redeemer to Ruth, took her as his bride; the people Jesus has redeemed are collectively called His bride (Ephesians 5:31-32; Revelation 21:9).
· Boaz, as kinsman-redeemer to Ruth, provided a glorious destiny for Ruth. Jesus, as our redeemer, provides a glorious destiny for us.
ii. But it all comes back to the idea of Jesus as our kinsman-redeemer; this is why He became a man. God might have sent an angel to save us, but the angel would not have been our kinsman. Jesus, in His eternal glory, without the addition of humanity to His divine nature might have saved us, but He would not have been our kinsman. A great prophet or priest would be our kinsman, but his own sin would have disqualified him as our redeemer. Only Jesus, the eternal God who added humanity to His eternal deity, can be both the kinsman and the redeemer for mankind!
ii. Isaiah 54:4-8 describes the beautiful ministry of the LORD as our goel – our kinsman-redeemer: Do not fear, for you will not be disgraced, for you will not be put to shame… your [Kinsman] Redeemer is the Holy One of Israel… For the LORD has called you like a woman forsaken and grieved in spirit… with everlasting kindness I will have mercy on you, says the LORD, your [Kinsman] Redeemer.
iii. From eternity, God planned to bring Ruth and Boaz together, and thus make Bethlehem His entrance point for the coming of Jesus as our true Kinsman-Redeemer, fully God and fully man. Spiritually, we need to come to Bethlehem and let Jesus redeem us. As it was written in the Christmas hymn, O Little Town of Bethlehem:
O little town of Bethlehem, how still we see thee lie!
Above thy deep and dreamless sleep the silent stars go by;
Yet in thy dark streets shineth the everlasting Light:
The hopes and fears of all the years are met in thee tonight.
How silently, how silently, the wondrous gift is given!
So God imparts to human hearts the blessings of His heaven.
No ear may hear His coming, but in the world of sin,
Where meek souls will receive Him still, the dear Christ enters in.
O holy Child of Bethlehem! Descend to us, we pray;
Cast out our sin and enter in, be born in us today.
We hear the Christmas angels, the great glad tidings tell;
O come to us, abide with us, our Lord Emmanuel!


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The details on SANDHILL COURT: This land located in Oshkosh, WI 54904 is currently for sale for $39,900. SANDHILL COURT is a – square foot land with – beds and – baths that has been on Estately for 978 days. This land is in the attendance area of North High School, Oaklawn Elementary School, and Merrill Middle School.


Burton, L. J., Lawrence, J., Dashwood, A., Brown, A. (2013). Producing pedagogy. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Burton, L. J., & Postle, G. D. (2014). The Community for Community (C4C) project initiative at the University of Southern Queensland as a model of university-community engagement. In G. D. Postle, L. J. Burton, & P. A. Danaher (Eds.), Community Capacity Building: Lessons from Adult Learning in Australia. UK: NIACE.
McIlveen, P., Beccaria, G., & Burton, L. J. (2013). Beyond conscientiousness: Career optimism and satisfaction with academic major. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83, 229-236.
Postle, G. D., Burton, L. J., & Danaher, P. A. (Eds.). (2014). Community capacity building: Lessons from adult learning in Australia. UK: NIACE.


BOSTON (AP) It wasn't that long ago that the Tampa Bay Rays couldn't win in Boston.
Now, they're the team that looks most comfortable during the past few rainy games.
Matt Garza pitched shutout ball for eight innings, Carlos Pena and B.J. Upton each hit two-run homers and the Rays continued their hot road start with a 7-1 win over the Red Sox on Sunday. The Rays have won three of the last five series in Fenway Park after losing 25 straight.
Sorry. There is no good news. Yesterday was another sorry affair at Fenway Park for the Red Sox, the only difference being this one was in the daylight.
The Sox haven't been able to defeat the Rays in the evening and they haven't been able to beat them in the afternoon. Perhaps playing them in the late morning today will change their luck.
The clubhouse was quiet, nearly empty. The mood appeared gray, like the clouds over Fenway Park, like the rain that had showered the Red Sox off and on as they lost their third straight game to the Rays, their fourth straight overall, moving them closer to the Orioles at the bottom of the American League East than the Yankees and Rays at the top.
It wasn't a perfect game, far from it. The Red Sox had three hits and drew a walk over the first seven innings against the Tampa Bay Rays yesterday. But thanks to three double plays and one base-running mistake, Matt Garza entered the eighth inning having faced the minimum 21 batters.
"It was kind of cool, actually,'' said Garza, a distinctive righthander who sports a patch of hair on his chin better suited for a billy goat.


text:
Last edited by Felkree
2 edition of Spectroscopic Orbit of nu Orionis. found in the catalog.
Spectroscopic Orbit of nu Orionis.
Canada. Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources. Observatories Branch.
by Canada. Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources. Observatories Branch.
Published .
Series Canada Dominion Astrophysical Observatory Pub -- V.11,no.10
Contributions Ebbighausen, E.G.
Zeta Reticuli is a unique system in the solar neighborhood -- a wide physically associated pair of stars almost exactly like the Sun. After searching through a list of stars selected from the Gliese catalog on the basis of life criteria, only one other pair within a separation of even light-years could be found. You can write a book review and share your experiences. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books you've read. Whether you've loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are .
Mathematics A A.1 Geometry Units of Angle and Solid Angle Radian is the angular unit most suitable for theoretical studies. One radian is the angle subtended by a circular arc who. In Section II, the observational search for extrasolar planetary systems is described, as performable by earthbound optical telescopes, by space probes, by long baseline radio interferometry, and finally by inference from the reception of signals sent by intelligent beings in other by:
"Optimizing weights for the detection of stellar oscillations: application to α Centauri A and B, and β Hydri", In Proc. SOHO XXI/GONG Solar-stellar dynamos as revealed by helio- and asteroseismology, Eds M. Dikpati, T. Arentoft, I. González Hernández, F. Hill, C. Lindsey, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Author: C. Aerts, J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, D. W. Kurtz. Observations of stars, most notably S2 that orbit around Sagittarius A have been used to show the presence of a supermassive black hole at that location. S2's highly eccentric orbit and proximity to Sagittarius A has been instrumental for scientists use in determining the location and mass of Sagittarius A. At it's closest to Sagittarius A* S2.
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Spectroscopic Orbit of nu Orionis by Canada. Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources. Observatories Branch. Download PDF EPUB FB2
Nu Orionis (ν Orionis) is a binary star system in the northeastern part of the constellation should not be confused with the variable star NU Orionis.
Nu Orionis has an apparent visual magnitude ofwhich is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of arcseconds, the distance to this system is roughly light llation: Orion.
In two cases (Theta1 Ori E and Spectroscopic Orbit of nu Orionis. book J), enough photometric and spectroscopic data exist to attempt an orbit solution and derive the system parameters.
Xi Orionis (ξ Orionis) is a binary star system in the northeastern part of the constellation of Orion, well above the red giant star, Betelgeuse in the sky. It lies next to another blue main-sequence star, Nu Orionis which is somewhat closer at light apparent visual magnitude of Xi Orionis iswhich is bright enough to be seen with the naked llation: Orion.
The Online Books Page. Browsing subject area: Stars (Stars. The orbit of the close spectroscopic binary epsilon Lup and the intrinsic variability of its early B-type components. The orbit of the close spectroscopic binary The dataset nu mbers are.
Serpens ("the Serpent", Greek Ὄφις) is a constellation of the northern of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations defined by the International Astronomical is unique among the modern constellations in being split into two non-contiguous parts, Serpens Caput (Serpent Head) to the west Brightest star: α Ser (Unukalhai) (ᵐ).
Rigel / ˈ r aɪ dʒ əl /, designated β Orionis (Latinized to Beta Orionis, abbreviated Beta Ori, β Ori), is the name applied to a star system—or strictly to the system's brightest star—in the constellation of ing as a single blue-white point of light to the naked eye, the system contains at least four stars, the primary star of which (either Rigel A or simply Rigel) is a.
What's Up this Week: January 8 – Janu Greetings, fellow SkyWatchers. It's time to take on the Hunter as we have a look at the Orion region for the unaided eye, binoculars and. The Pluto-bound New Horizons spacecraft will fly by another planet today (Ma ).
However, the robotic craft won't be taking any images as it zooms past Uranus' orbit. This banner text can have markup. web; books; video; audio; software; images; Toggle navigation. The summation of the whole matter is that the orbit in which a body moves around the sun, or past the sun, depends upon its velocity and if this velocity and the direction of the motion at any one point in the orbit are known the whole orbit is determined by them, and the position of the planet in its orbit for past as well as future times can.
LATTER, G. OGILVIE, H. REIN Abstract This chapter explores the physics shared by planetary rings and the various disks that populate the Universe.
It begins with an observational overview, ranging from protoplanetary disks to spiral galaxies, and then compares and contrasts these astrophysical disks with the rings of the Solar Size: 3MB. No eye can fail to note her, and as the nearest and most beautiful of the Earth's sisters it would seem that everybody should be as familiar with her appearance as with the face of a friend.
But the popular ignorance of Venus, and the other members of the planetary family to which our mother, the Earth, belongs, is only an index of the denser ignorance concerning the stars—the brothers of.
A solar binary of the Sun and Jupiter may serve to establish an upper limit for interstellar cometary capture. The basic problem even with a passage through a molecular cloud of some 10 million years is the low relative velocity (~ km s-1) required between the solar system and the cometary of the captured bodies may localize in the Oort cloud, while others localize near the Sun.
Vega is the brightest star in the northern constellation of has the Bayer designation α Lyrae, which is Latinised to Alpha Lyrae and abbreviated Alpha Lyr or α star is relatively close at only 25 light-years from the Sun, and, together with Arcturus and Sirius, one of the most luminous stars in the Sun's is the fifth-brightest star in the night sky, and the Constellation: Lyra.
Nu Andromedae is spectroscopic binary system with a nearly circular orbit that has a period of days. The primary component is a B-type The primary component is a B-type V Sagittarii ( words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article.
Catalogue Science, Technologie, Ressources / Science, Technology, Resources | (ARCTIC NAVIGATION). «Pilot of Arctic Canada. Volume I & Volume II». From spectroscopic measurements, the mass of the black-hole was found to be at least of solar masses. During the outbursts GX shows evolution of quasi-periodic oscillations # The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process.
It is by far the most important source of energy for life on diameter is about million kilometers (, miles), or times that of Earth, and its mass is abouttimes that of rial radius:km,km, × Earth. Nu Andromedae is spectroscopic binary system with a nearly circular orbit that has a period of days. The primary component is a B-type The primary component is a B-type Kepler ( words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article.
Publication list of Kevin Krisciunas (last revised 6 December ) Key: [R ] = refereed paper with KK as first or sole author [O ] = refereed paper with KK as coauthor [B ] = books and book-length translations [S ] = Sky and Telescope articles, book reviews, letters [E ] = encyclopedia articles Of the published entries there are: 3 books 2 book-length translations 37 first.Deneb (/ ˈ d ɛ n ɛ b /) is a first-magnitude star in the constellation of Cygnus, the is one of the vertices of the asterism known as the Summer Triangle and the "head" of the Northern is the brightest star in Cygnus and the 19th brightest star in the night sky, with an average apparent magnitude of + A blue-white supergiant, Deneb rivals Rigel as the most luminous.When any effort to acquire a system of laws or knowledge focusing on an astr, aster, or astro, that is, any natural body in the sky especially at night, discovers an entity emitting, absorbing, transmitting, reflecting, or fluorescing ultraviolet, succeeds even in its smallest measurement, ultraviolet astronomy is the name of the effort and the result.
virtuosobs.com - Spectroscopic Orbit of nu Orionis. book © 2020


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My almost 2 year old son used to LOVE Kermit the Frog. He had a stuffed Kermit toy that he played with and he was always asking to watch videos online of Kermit signing songs. When it was time to make the cake for his second birthday, I knew he'd love a Kermit cake!
This is such a simple cake. The shape of a basic Kermit face is easy enough that almost anybody could replicate it. It doesn't require a lot of different icing colours. I used two different shades of green for his body, red and pink for the mouth/tongue, blue for the name, and then just black and white. It also didn't require a lot of fancy icing techniques. Simple buttercream icing and a few basic star tips.
I love using a medium sized square cake pan. It's large enough to feed a small crowd and the size is perfect to provide a blank canvas for decorating. I found a simplistic drawing to use as a reference and used a toothpick to trace it into the crumb coat of icing. I then outlined the shape in black icing and filled in the colours. After that, a simple name and a background of pure white really made the green face stand out.