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Difference between revisions of "Timeline of bacteriology"
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! Time period !! Development summary
| 1854–1920 || This period is known as the "golden age of microbiology", in which standardized microbiological techniques are developed and most of the disease-causing bacteria are discovered. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch stand out as the great scientists in the field.<ref name="Textbook of Microbiology"/>
| 1854–1920 || This period is known as the "golden age of microbiology", in which standardized microbiological techniques are developed and most of the disease-causing bacteria are discovered. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch stand out as the great scientists in the field.<ref name="Textbook of Microbiology"/> German physician Robert Koch introduces the science of microorganisms to the medical field, identifying bacteria as the cause of infectious diseases and process of fermentation in diseases. French Scientist Louis Pasteur develops techniques to produce vaccines.
| 1940s || The genetics of bacteriophage begin to be studied vigorously, after the development of techniques for the study of bacteriophage infection in single bacteria.<ref name="The Evolution of Genetics">{{cite book|last1=Ravin|first1=Arnold W.|title=The Evolution of Genetics|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Ia3SBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA63&dq=%22in+1946%22+Genetic+recombination+through+bacterial+conjugation&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZo6KwsqnZAhVHl5AKHaHCCOEQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201946%22%20Genetic%20recombination%20through%20bacterial%20conjugation&f=false}}</ref>
This is a timeline of bacteriology.
1854–1920 This period is known as the "golden age of microbiology", in which standardized microbiological techniques are developed and most of the disease-causing bacteria are discovered. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch stand out as the great scientists in the field.[1] German physician Robert Koch introduces the science of microorganisms to the medical field, identifying bacteria as the cause of infectious diseases and process of fermentation in diseases. French Scientist Louis Pasteur develops techniques to produce vaccines.
1940s The genetics of bacteriophage begin to be studied vigorously, after the development of techniques for the study of bacteriophage infection in single bacteria.[2]
2 billion BC A bacterium becomes symbiotic with the cell from which animals and plants later develop. Chromosomes from this bacterium's mitochondria would later carry 37 genes in the human body.[3]
1590 Scientific development Dutch spectacle-maker Zacharias Janssen and his brother Hans Janssen produce the operational compound microscope.[4]
1676 Scientific development Dutch merchant Antony Van Leeuwenhoek observes microorganisms using a single lens microscope designed by him and names them animalcules.[5] Van Leeuwenhoek is considered the first to discover microorganisms.[6]
1749 Scientific development English biologist John Needham indicates that bacteria and other microorganisms arose spontaneously from meat.[4][7][8][9] United Kingdom
1762 Scientific development Austrian medical doctor Marcus Antonius Von Plenciz in Vienna publishes a germ theory of infectious diseases and reports that each disease is caused by a separate organism.[4][10][1][11] Austria
1828 Scientific development German naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg coins the name bacterium.[5][12]
1835 Scientific development Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg coins the term Bacillus to contain rod-shaped bacteria.[13][14][15]
1839 Scientific development German physiologist Theodor Schwann demonstrates the cellular basis of the body, asserting that all organs and tissues are composed of a multitude of structural units called cells.[16][17][18]
1840 Scientific development German pathologist Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle offers his theory of contagion by arguing that the "material of contagions is endowed with a life of its own, which is, in relation to the diseased body, a parasitic organism.[19]
1844 Scientific development Italian entomologist Agostino Bassi asserts that microorganisms cause human disease.[6]
1847 Publication Cranston R. Low and T.C. Dodds publish the illustrated Atlas of Bacteriology.[20]
1857 Scientific development German scientific instrument maker Carl Zeiss launches its first Zeiss compound microscope.[21] Germany
1858 Publication French biologist Louis Pasteur publishes Memoire sur la fermentation appelée lactique (Memoir on Lactic Fermentation) which is considered a foundation stone of the cell theory, microbiology, and bacteriology.[22][23] France
1865 Scientific development British surgeon Joseph Lister develops antiseptic surgery, which greatly increases survival rates.[24]
c.1868 German botanist Ferdinand Cohn starts studying bacteria. From his accurate studies of their morphology, or bodily form, Cohn is among the first to attempt to arrange the different varieties of bacteria into genera and species on a systematic basis.[25] Cohn studies on algae and photosynthetic bacteria would lead him to describe several bacteria including Bacillus and Beggiatoa. The field of bacteriology is considered by many to have been founded by Ferdinand Cohn.[5]
1872 Scientific development German botanist Joseph Schroeter grows pigmented bacterial colonies on potato slices incubated in a moist environment.[26][27][28][29]
1872 Publication Ferdinand Cohn publishes Untersuchungen ueber Bacterien (Investigations on Bacteria).[20] Germany
1873 Scientific development Norwegian physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen identifies the acidfast bacillus (AFB) Mycobacterium leprae, the first bacterium to be implicated as a cause of a human infection.[29][30][31][32]
1876 Scientific development Louis Pasteur discards the theory of spontaneous generation and investigates the principles of the process later called pasteurization.[4] France
1876 Scientific development German physician and microbiologist Robert Koch in Berlin isolates the anthrax bacillus, and becomes the first to show a specific organism as the cause of a disease.[4][33][34][35] Germany
1877 Publication English microbiologist Edgar Crookshank publishes Manual of Bacteriology.[20] United Kingdom
1877 Scientific development Louis Pasteur notes that some bacteria produce substances that kill other bacteria, setting the basis of antibiotics.[36] France
1878 Scientific development Robert Koch observes bacteria bearing a close resemblance to staphylococci.[37]
1878 Scientific development British pioneer of antiseptic surgery Joseph Lister becomes the first person to obtain a pure culture of a bacterium (Streptococcus lactis) in a liquid medium. Lister isolates a pure culture from sour milk and names it Bacterium lactis.[38][39][40][41]
1878 Scientific development American botanist Thomas Jonathan Burrill, professor at the University of Illinois, describes the causative agent as a bacterium, demonstrating for the first time a bacterial disease of plants.[29][42][43][44] United States
1879 Scientific development German physician Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser identifies what would later be called Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the pathogen that causes gonorrhea.[29][45][46][47]
1880 Scientific development Louis Pasteur manages to isolate the bacterium responsible for chicken cholera and grows it in pure culture. [37][48][36] France
1880 Publication George M. Sternberg M.D. translation of Les bactéries becomes the first general bacteriology book in English.[49]
1881 Scientific development German Jewish physician Paul Ehrlich introduces the dye methylene blue into bacteriology.[50]
1881 Scientific development British surgeon Alexander Ogston, Professor at the University of Aberdeen, carries out the first detailed studies on staphylococci.[4] After injecting the bacteria into animals and producing experimental infections in the laboratory, Ogston links staphylococcus to the serious infections then called "hospital sepsis".[51][52] United Kingdom
1882 Scientific development German pathologist and microbiologist Carl Friedländer discovers the microorganism that he believes causes bacterial pneumonia. The organism would later be named Bacillus friedlanderi.[53][54][55]
1882 Scientific development Robert Koch discovers Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the cause of tuberculosis.[33]
1883 Publication Belfield publishes the first original general bacteriology book in English, On the Relations of Micro-organisms to Disease.[49]
1883 Scientific development Robert Koch leads an expedition to Egypt and India, and discovers bacterium Vibrio cholerae as the cause of cholera.[33] Egypt, India
1883 Scientific development French biochemists Ulysse Gayon and Gabriel Dupetit isolate in pure culture two strains of denitrifying bacteria, and show that individual organic compounds, such as sugars and alcohols, can replace complex organics and serve as reductants for nitrate, as well as serving as carbon sources.[29]
1884 Scientific development German Jewish internist Arthur Nicolaier discovers the causal agent of tetanus Clostridium tetani.[4][56][57][58] Germany
1884 Scientific development Hans Christian Gram discovers a differential stain used the identification of bacteria.[4]
1884 Scientific development French microbiologist Charles Chamberland develops an unglazed porcelain filter that retains bacteria.[29]
1884 Scientific development Russian zoologist Élie Metchnikoff shows how amoeboid cells in the interstitial fluid and blood engulf organisms or microscopical foreign particles, so destroying the ingested bacteria in the phenomenon of phagocytosis, a term coined by him. Metchnikoff would propose a theory of cellular immunity.[29][59][60][61]
1885 Scientific development German-Austrian pediatrician Theodor Escherich identifies a bacterium, a natural inhabitant of the human gut, and names it Bacterium coli. Escherich shows that certain strains are responsible for infant diarrhea and gastroenteritis.[62][63][64]
1886 Scientific development German agricultural chemist Hermann Hellriegel and Hermann Wilfarth establish the relationship between legumes and nitrogen fixing bacteria.[4]
1886 Scientific development F. Frankel isolates Pneumococcus bacteria.[4]
1886 Publication E.M. Crookshank publishes An Introduction to Practical Bacteriology. Based Upon the Methods of Koch.[20] United States
1886 Scientific development American pathologist Theobald Smith isolates the gram-negative bacillus responsible for enteric typhoid.[20] United States
1887 Publication Loeffler publishes Geschichte zur Bakteriologie (History of Bacteriology).[20] Germany
1888 Scientific development The first work on nitrogen fixation by the root nodule bacteria is performed by Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck, who discovers bacteria living inside small lumps or nodules on the roots of Vicia and Lathyrus (yellow pea) plants.[4][65][66][67]
1889 Organization The Society of American Bacteriologists is founded.[20] United States
1890 Scientific development Ukrainian microbiologist Sergei Winogradsky first demonstrates N2 fixation by free living soil bacteria.[4]
1891 Scientific development Poland-born German botanist Walter Migula discoveres the gram-negative, flagellated-motile rod-like microbe, bacillus Pseudomonas sp, later renamed Pseudomonas pyocyaneas (aeruginosa), a dangerous "hospital pathogen.[20]
1891 Publication J. Buchanan publishes An Encyclopedia of the Practice of Medicine Based on Bacteriology.[20]
1892 Scientific development American bacteriologists William H. Welch and George Nuttall identify and isolate Clostridium perfringens, the organism responsible for causing gangrene.[29][68][69][70]
1892 Publication Alexander C. Abbott publishes The Principles of Bacteriology: A Practical Manual for Students and Physicians.[20] United States
1893 Publication British chemist Percy F. Frankland publishes Bacteriology in its Relations to Chemical Science.[20] United Kingdom
1893 Publication Volume 1 appears of Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, with both Rudolf Virchow and Élie Metchnikoff contributing to the opening issues.[20]
1893 Publication German bacteriologist Samuel Leopold Schenk in Vienna publishes Grundrisse der Bakteriologie fur Aertze und Studierende (Elements of Bacteriology for Practitioners and Students).[20] Austria
1893 Publication Russian bacteriologist Georgy Gabrichevsky in Saint Petersburg publishes Rukovodstvok klinicheskoj bacteriologii (Guide to Clinical Bacteriology for Doctors and Students).[20] Russia
1894 Scientific development Martinus Beijerinck isolates the first sulfate-reducing bacterium, Spirillum desulfuricans (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans). Beijerinck shows that this bacterium extracts energy by metabolizing sulfur compounds.[71][72][29]
1894 Publication American bacteriologist Frederick George Novy publishes Directions for Laboratory Work in Bacteriology.[20]
1894 Scientific development Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin discovers Pasteurella pestis.[4]
1894 Scientific development Japanese physician Kitasato Shibasaburō discovers the plague bacillus Yersinia pestis.[4][73][74][75] Hong Kong
1894 Scientific development German bacteriologist Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer discovers that when cholera bacteria are injected into the peritoneum of a guinea pig immunized against the infection, the pig rapidly dies.[29][76][77][78]
1895 Publication E.V. Freudenreich publishes Dairy Bacteriology: a Short Manual.[20]
1895 Scientific development Sergei Winogradsky isolates Clostridum pasteurianum, the first free-living nitrogen-fixing organism.[29][79][80][81]
1896 Scientific development Austrian scientist Max von Gruber and H. Durham first describe the agglutination of bacteria by their related immune sera.[29][82][83][84]
1898 Scientific development Japanese bacteriologist Shiga Kiyoshi discovers dysentery bacillus Shigella (named after him).[4][85][86][87] Japan
1900 Scientific development Shiga Kiyoshi develops a dysentery antiserum.[85] Japan
1904 Scientific development Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck obtains the first pure culture of sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, Thiobacillus denitrificans. Under anaerobic conditions it uses carbon dioxide as a source of carbon.[29]
1905 Scientific development Austrian bacteriologist Franz Schardinger isolates aerobic bacilli which produce acetone, ethanol, and acetic acid. These are important industrial chemicals.[29]
1905 Scientific development German zoologist Fritz Schaudinn and German germatologist Erich Hoffmann identify and describe the bacterium Treponema pallidum in patients with acute syphilis.[29][88][89][90]
1905 Scientific development Japanese biologist Shigetane Ishiwata discovers that the cause of a disease outbreak in silkworms is a new species of bacteria. Ishiwata names it Bacillus sotto (later called Bacillus thuringiensis).[29]
1906 Scientific development N. L. Sohngen manages to enrich two distinct acetate utilizing bacteria, finding that formate and hydrogen, plus carbon dioxide, could act as precursors for methane.[29][91][92][93]
1907 Publication Edward B. Voorhees and Jacob G. Lipman publish A Review of Investigations in Soil Bacteriology.[20] United States
1907 Scientific development Erwin Smith and C.O. Townsend discover that the Gram-negative soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a member of the eubacterial family Rhizobiaceae, is the organism responsible for the elicitation of crown gall tumors in plants.[29][94][95][96]
1908 Publication Samuel Cate Prescott and Charles Winslow publish Elements of Water Bacteriology.[20] United States
1908 Publication Edwin O. Jordan publishes A Text-Book of General Bacteriology.[20] United States
1909 Publication Professor Dr. A. Dieudonne and C.F. Bolduan in New York publish Bacterial Food Poisoning. A Concise Exposition of the Etiology, Bacteriology, Pathology, Symptomatology, Prophylaxis and Treatment of So-Called Ptomaine Poisoning.[20] United States
1909 Scientific development "Howard Ricketts shows that Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by an organism that is intermediate in size between an virus and a bacterium. This organism, Rickettsia, is transmitted by ticks. Ricketts dies from typhus, another rickettsial disease, in 1910."[29]
1909 Publication E.R. Stitt publishes Practical Bacteriology, Blood Work and Animal Parasitology. The book includes bacteriological keys and clinical notes.[20] United States
1909 Scientific development Danish chemist Sigurd Orla-Jensen proposes that physiological characteristics of bacteria are of primary importance in their classification. Orla-Jensen's ideas, first published in the same year, are based on the assumption that the first organisms on Earth must have developed in the dark in an environment devoid of organic matter, therefore independent of the presence of other life forms. The only organisms known today to be capable of that are chemosynthetic bacteria.[29][97][98][99]
1910 Publication Emily Stoney publishes Bacteriological and Surgical Technique for Nurses.[20] United States
1910 Publication P. Hanson Hiss Jr. and Hans Zinsser publish The Textbook of Bacteriology.[20]
1910 Scientific development American plant Erwin Frink Smith publishes the earliest description of the pathogenic relationship of Corynebacterium michiganense to tomato.[4][100][101][102] Smith is considered to have played a major role in demonstrating that bacteria could cause plant disease.[103][104]
1912 Publication Albert Schneider in Philadelphia publishes Pharmaceutical Bacteriology with Special Reference to Disinfection and Sterilization.[20]
1912 Publication John Wright in Bristol publishes Public Health Chemistry and Bacteriology. A Handbook.[20] United Kingdom
1912 Publication Clemesha William Wesley publishes The Bacteriology of Surface Waters in the Tropics.[20]
1915 Virus discovery English bacteriologist Frederick Twort discovers the micrococcus phage and becomes the first to describe bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria).[105][106][107][108]
1916 Publication The Journal of Bacteriology is established.[20] United States
1920 Publication The Society of American Bacteriologists committee issues its final report on the characterization and classification of bacterial types.[29][109] United States
1923 Publication The Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology is published. It is written to provide a modern identification key for bacteria but little of it is based on direct experience of the organisms.[39]
1926 Scientific development American bacteriologist Thomas Milton Rivers, director of the Rockefeller Hospital, distinguishes between bacteria and viruses, establishing virology as a separate area of study.[29] Rivers announces the theory that viruses could not reproduce outside cells[110], and states that a virus needs a living tissue for reproduction.[111] United States
1926 Scientific development Team of scientists headed by Dr. Everitt Murray isolates from rabbits a bacterium that is responsible for listeriosis in humans. Named Bacterium monocytogenes in reference to the mononuclear leucocytosis observed in the affected animals, it would be later renamed Listeria monocytogenes in honor of Dr. Joseph Lister.[29][112][113][114]
1928 Scientific development Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovers antibiotic penicillin.[4][115][116][117] United Kingdom
1928 Scientific development English bacteriologist Frederick Griffith discovers transformation in bacteria. Griffith finds that extracts from killed encapsulated streptococci could change the living, harmless bacteria to the disease-producing virulent type. [4][118][119][120]
1928 Scientific development Frederick Griffith, in his experiments with the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, the species that causes a severe form of pneumonia in mammals, discovers transformation in bacteria and establishes the foundation of molecular genetics.[29][121][122][123]
1931 Organization The Society of Agricultural Bacteriologists is founded.[124] United Kingdom
1931 Scientific development Dutch-American microbiologist Cornelius Bernardus van Niel shows that photosynthetic bacteria use reduces compounds as electron donors without producing oxygen.[29][125][126][127]
1934 Scientific development American microbiologist Alice Catherine Evans accomplishes the first typing of a strain of bacteria with bacteriophage.[29]
1937 Scientific development Hungarian physicist Ladislaus Laszlo Marton publishes the first electron micrographs of bacteria.[29]
1943 Scientific development Italian microbiologist Salvador Luria and German–American biophysicist Max Delbrück provides convincing evidence of mutations in bacteria.[128][129][130][131]
1944 Scientific development Oswald Avery, Colin Munro MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty show the significance of DNA as hereditary material by studies of transformation in bacteria.[4][132][133][134]
1945 (February 16) Organization The Microbiology Society is formally inaugurated at a meeting in London. Sir Alexander Fleming is elected as the first President.[124] United Kingdom
1946 Scientific development American molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg and American geneticist Edward Tatum discover bacterial conjugation.[2][4][135][136][137]
1947 Scientific development American molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg shows that bacteria can exchange and recombine genes.[128]
1951 Publication The International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology is established.
1952 Scientific development American biologists Norton Zinder and Joshua Lederberg discover the transduction in bacteria.[4]
1971 Scientific development B. Pierson and K. Castenholz discover the green non-sulphus bacteria Chloroflexus.[4][138][139]
1977 Scientific development American microbiologist Carl Woese recognizes that archaea have a separate line of evolutionary descent from bacteria.[140]
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↑ 124.0 124.1 "TIMELINE". microbiologysociety.org. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
↑ Karp, Gerald. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments.
↑ Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University.
↑ Mostofa, Khan M.G.; Yoshioka, Takahito; Mottaleb, Abdul; Vione, Davide. Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter: Principles and Practices in Water Environments.
↑ 128.0 128.1 Yount, Lisa. A to Z of Biologists.
↑ Zlatanova,, Jordanka; van Holde, Kensal E. Molecular Biology: Structure and Dynamics of Genomes and Proteomes.
↑ Snyder, Larry; Champness, Wendy. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria.
↑ Watson, James D. A Passion for DNA: Genes, Genomes, and Society.
↑ Kratz, Rene. Microbiology the Easy Way.
↑ Newton, David E. DNA Technology: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook.
↑ Bourgeois, Suzanne. Genesis of the Salk Institute: The Epic of Its Founders.
↑ Schaechter, Moselio. Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology.
↑ Khanna, Pragya. Cell and Molecular Biology.
↑ Russell, Peter. Int Std Ed-General Biology.
↑ Clayton, Roderick K.; Sistrom, W. R. The Photosynthetic Bacteria.
↑ Madigan, Michael T. Studies on the Physiological Ecology of Chloroflexus Aurantiacus, a Filamentous Photosynthetic Bacterium.
↑ Woese CR, Fox GE (November 1977). "Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (11): 5088–90. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.5088W. PMC 432104 . PMID 270744. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088.
Retrieved from "http://timelines.issarice.com/index.php?title=Timeline_of_bacteriology&oldid=21554"


text:
FIRE MARSHAL TRAINING COUNCIL
CFMA current representatives;
James DiPace
Tim Tharau
Don Harwood
David Marcarelli
Jeff Morrissette
TJ Wiedl
Susan Bransfield
Vic Mitchell
Sec. 29-298a. Fire Marshal Training Council established. Duties. Members. There shall be established within the Department of Public Safety a Fire Marshal Training Council which shall advise the State Fire Marshal and the Codes and Standards Committee on all matters pertaining to (1) certification training programs, (2) decertification hearings, (3) in-service training for fire marshals in the state, and (4) programs for all other persons eligible to receive training pursuant to subsections (a) to (c), inclusive, of section 29-251c. The council shall be composed of twelve members as follows: The State Fire Marshal or his designee; a member of the Codes and Standards Committee to be elected by such committee; three members appointed by the Connecticut Fire Marshals' Association, one of whom shall be a volunteer, one of whom shall be a part-time paid, and one of whom shall be a full-time, local fire marshal, deputy fire marshal or fire inspector; one member appointed by the Board of Governors of Higher Education; two members appointed by the Board of Trustees for the Community-Technical Colleges; the chief elected official of a municipality having a population in excess of seventy thousand persons, appointed by the Governor; the chief elected official of a municipality having a population of less than seventy thousand persons, appointed by the Governor; and two public members, appointed by the Governor. Members shall be residents of this state and shall not be compensated for their services but shall be reimbursed for necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties. The council may elect such officers as it deems necessary.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Does a webpage with a black background save energy?
Blackle is a search engine that claims to save energy because it uses a black background. Is there any evidence to back up their claim that a website using a black background will save energy, and if so, how much energy will be saved?
environment computers energy software
Sklivvz♦
AFAIK a black screen will use more energy! This is due to the fact that LCD monitors are uniformly backlit, and power is used to activate the LCD crystals to block out the light -> more power is used to block out more light -> a black screen uses more energy! – fredley Jun 7 '11 at 23:08
@fredley: you should write up an answer -- another SOURCE that confirms your answer (assuming the question is about LCD and not CRT). You should get the credit for it. – Hendy Jun 7 '11 at 23:22
@fredley I second @Hendy you should turn it into an answer. – user1936 Jun 7 '11 at 23:43
Another thing to consider is OLED screens. These are starting to appear in more mobile devices and will (probably) start becoming more mainstream soon. These displays don't have a backlight - each pixel is a light source in its own right. For these screens, a black background will make a significant difference to the amount of power consumed. – Chris Roberts Jun 8 '11 at 7:47
See also this question and especially this answer on Electrical Engineering for some experimental (aka original research) and theoretical (perhaps not 'written for laymen') answers to the question. – Kevin Vermeer May 16 '12 at 13:54
Blackle actually cite a real reference to backup their claims. Credit to them!
On their About page they quote a line from a Energy Use and Power Levels in New Monitors and Personal Computers, Roberson et al, Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, UCLA.
The quote is:
"Image displayed is primarily a function of the user's color settings and desktop graphics, as well as the color and size of open application windows; a given monitor requires more power to display a white (or light) screen than a black (or dark) screen."
That line does actually appear in the report, and is backed by the following data:
The reports goes on to conclude:
Among the few LCD monitors in the table, the power used to display a white screen is indistinguishable from power used to display the desktop. Thus, it appears that display color is a significant determinant of on power for CRTs, but not for LCDs.
Clearly, in LCD technology terms, 2002 is a long time ago. I have no knowledge of any power-saving innovations in the meantime.
Oddthinking♦Oddthinking
Nice answer -- I find it odd that other sources are stating that LCDs should use more power for black while the chart above is showing them using [negligibly] less. Still, nice digging, and that last quote jives with what others have been finding as well. – Hendy Jun 8 '11 at 2:03
I find it odd that anyone remotely interested in saving energy would waste their time and ours considering the performance of CRT technology. For the good of the planet, chuck that old screen out! – FumbleFingers Jun 8 '11 at 2:16
@FumbleFingers, first, both Blackle and this report are coming from the turn of the century, when CRT was still king. Second, in order to justify throwing out an existing CRT monitor for ecological reasons, you have to show that the total power it will consume over its life is more than the total energy consumed by an LCD screen INCLUDING its manufacture (pro-rated for expected lifetimes), which is a big claim. That doesn't even factor in non-energy related pollution. – Oddthinking♦ Jun 8 '11 at 2:53
@FumbleFingers, "I bet I've saved money." I would certainly consider taking that bet. There are a lot of factors to consider here in your calculation, but the payback period is quite long. (e.g. for a starting point: answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=1082). That is just economic, not environmental considerations (which I strongly suspect discourage replacement, but I have no evidence.) – Oddthinking♦ Jun 8 '11 at 3:51
@Oddthinking: As it happens I got my scientist brother to do the sums for me this afternoon, and I now agree I was a bit overoptimistic. I work (and live) at home, so my screen is on a lot more than most, but yes - I won't actually have saved money yet (though I will be up on the deal in 2-3 years, for sure). As regards the environmental/economic issue, you can pretty much ignore that - if you average everything out, they become the same thing. Except, as noted, lower US energy taxes do tend to distort the situation there. – FumbleFingers Jun 8 '11 at 21:14
LCD panels make black pixels by blocking the colour filtered back-light from exiting the panel. It therefore uses a little more power to make black than to make white
See http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/lcd2.htm
LCD TV's sometimes have "dynamic contrast" LED back-lighting which should save power in black. This feature is sometimes found on high end IPS LCD monitors, though is useless for general computer use as the LED back-light resolution does not match the actual LCD resolution
OLED panels use power to make each individual coloured pixel, so black would save power. Who uses a couple of 24" OLED's yet?
See http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled2.htm
And more interestingly http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2009-09/mit-scientist-explains-oled-function-glowing-pickle
TFDTFD
I think it's the other way around. Most of the LCDs I've seen with dynamic contrast are crappy TN panels. Anyone who cares enough to pay for an IPS panel will turn off dynamic contrast even if it's available. – Fake Name Mar 25 '12 at 4:53
"useless for general computer use as the LED back-light resolution does not match the actual LCD resolution"? With dynamic contrast back-light is not dimmed per individual pixel, but most typically for whole screen. – vartec Mar 25 '12 at 17:31
When blackle came out (2007) the majority of users still had CRT monitors. There's a nice discussion of this here http://ecoiron.blogspot.com/2007/08/history-in-january-2007-mark-ontkush.html
From the above link:
Criticisms There has been both praise and criticism for this initiative, with its supporters citing it as a great example of environmental thinking, and its detractors pointing out usability and aesthetic problems, as well as questions about the scientific validity of the claims. Some of the issues are listed below.
Since the technique is most effective on CRT monitors, some proxy sites have been criticized for not mentioning this fact. In particular, the Blackle site has been heavily criticized, as it is probable that they are generating an substantial Adsense revenue stream from implementing the concept.
CRT monitors are being phased out; about 75% of monitors in active use worldwide are LCDs. Additionally, countries with a high percentage of CRT are replacing them rapidly; for example, Display Search projects that only 18% of the monitors in China will be CRTs by the end of 2007. Therefore, although the technique would be effective for a limited period, it is questionable whether the disruption would be beneficial.
CRTs are generally darker than LCDs, and the text on many of the proxy sites is barely readable on monitors of this type. For example, Blackle uses a small grey font on an all black background. It is possible that these 'all black' proxy sites are only usable on LCD screens, and this would negate the energy savings.
Proxy sites cannot handle the heavy load that high volume sites are accustomed to. For example, on August 1st, 2007 and several prior occasions, the Blackle web server was producing intermittent error messages for extended periods of time.
So, already back in 2007, most people were questioning the usefulness for the black background web pages for saving energy.
If we were all still using CRT monitors then yes you could save a lot of energy by using the black backgrounds. But, this is 2011 and the few CRT monitors left in existence are sitting in the corner of our basements unplugged and waiting to be taken to the electronics recycling graveyard.
Alenanno
On amoled (active-matrix organic light-emitting diode) screen types, such as the Galaxy s5, each pixel is individually lit when powered, so using pitch black backgrounds theoretically reduces power draw marginally.
Sources: AMOLED displays
Galaxy s5 specs
HellreaverHellreaver
Do you have any sources for this? – drat Dec 17 '15 at 8:03
@drat added specs for the s5 and a link describing amoled screens – Hellreaver Dec 17 '15 at 8:09
Upvoted because newer technology is neglected in other answers, but I think your answer ought to include the relevant information from the sources you cite. – PJTraill Nov 27 '18 at 10:23
protected by Community♦ Feb 22 '16 at 8:03
Is there any proof that blackle.com conserves energy?
Does white background increase battery consumption of a smartphone?
Does using ethanol fuel save money, and is it better for the environment?
Can permanent magnets be exploited to create energy?
Do ad blockers in browsers save significant energy?
How long does it take for renewable technology to recoup its energy cost?
Is using "sleep mode" wasteful and harmful to a computer?
Are Chinese companies dumping defective solar panels in other countries?
Does the Google Chrome browser spy on users?
Does the Bitcoin network consume as much energy as Denmark?
Do "smart meters" bring about any significant savings?


text:
Your question: How did Germany violate the Treaty of Versailles quizlet?
How did Germany violate the Treaty of Versailles?
Which of the following is an example of Germany violating the Treaty of Versailles?
In what way was Germany humiliated by the Treaty of Versailles quizlet?
What 4 reasons did Germany dislike the Treaty of Versailles?
Why did the Treaty of Versailles fail?
How did the League of Nations respond to Hitler's violation of Treaty of Versailles?
Why did Germany not like the Treaty of Versailles quizlet?
What groups opposed the Treaty of Versailles and why?
What were of the Treaty specifically affected Germany?
Nazi leader Adolf Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact by sending German military forces into the Rhineland, a demilitarized zone along the Rhine River in western Germany. … In 1939, Hitler invaded Poland, leading to the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
The first way Hitler broke the Treaty was over Germany's armed forces. In 1934, he destroyed the League of Nations Disarmament Conference by demanding equality of arms with France and Britain – this broke the Treaty because it had set up the League with the stated aim of achieving disarmament.
Germany grew increasingly bitter. Humiliated by the dictated peace at Versailles and burdened by the heavy reparations imposed on them, many Germans resented the Allies` treatment of their countries and longed for revenge. Germany wanted a leader who could deliver her from her enemies and from her disgrace.
THIS IS FUNNING: Are busses safe in Paris?
War Guilt – article 231. Germany did not feel she was to blame for the war – lots of countries caused the outbreak of the war e.g. Russia had mobilised forcing Germany to attack France to avoid a war on two fronts. …
Reparations. …
Military Restrictions. …
Land Losses. …
Diktat. …
Conclusion. …
It was doomed from the start, and another war was practically certain." 8 The principle reasons for the failure of the Treaty of Versailles to establish a long-term peace include the following: 1) the Allies disagreed on how best to treat Germany; 2) Germany refused to accept the terms of reparations; and 3) Germany's …
The League of Nations' response to German aggression under Hitler was famously, one of so-called "appeasement", which means that they hoped to avoid conflict by letting Hitler "get away with" certain violations of the treaty.
Why did the Germans hate the Treaty of Versailles? The Germans hated the Treaty of Versailles because it humiliated them and they thought it was too harsh.
The opposition came from two groups: the "Irreconcilables," who refused to join the League of Nations under any circumstances, and "Reservationists," led by Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman, Henry Cabot Lodge, who were willing to ratify the treaty with amendments.
THIS IS FUNNING: Is Chanel cheaper in France?
What terms of the treaty specifically affected Germany? Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France; to pay reparations (war damages) amounting to $33 billion to the Allies. … treaty humiliated Germany; there was no way Germany could pay off its reparations.


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Can't wait to see you @ Mutts!
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text:
You are at:Home»News»Drones & Air Taxis»Boeing to test autonomous drones in Australia
Boeing to test autonomous drones in Australia
By Ben Sampson on	 2nd March 2018 Drones & Air Taxis
Boeing is to site the development of its latest autonomous drone research program in Queensland, Australia.
The US aircraft manufacturer's "rapid innovation program" will be its largest autonomous drone test and development program in the world and create 131 jobs in the region over the next three years. The program will see the development of autonomous systems enabling technologies for commercial and defence drones.
Boeing recently developed its broad area UAS situational awareness system – which remotely detects and tracks other aircraft in the vicinity of a drone – in the Australian state of Queensland with local government funding. The technology developed by the project was sent to the USA in late 2017 and successfully flight tested in Mississippi in January 2018.
Shane Arnott, director of Boeing's Phantom Works International business in Australia, said, "Boeing will work with small-to-medium sized Queensland businesses to develop transformative technology. Our program will complement the work undertaken by the Trusted Autonomous Systems Defence Cooperative Research Centre (CRC), taking research outcomes and developing them into exportable commercial products for the global autonomous market."
Chris Raymond, Boeing's vice president and general manager of autonomous systems, said, "As autonomy becomes increasingly common, Boeing will continue to pioneer autonomous technologies from seabed to space – setting a new standard for safe, successful missions that amplify human capabilities."
Engineers flight test Hawks for drone capture
Drone parachute safety system passes crucial flight tests
SnapShot achieves 500 test flights


The Glorious Dead Records Warner. Check date values in: The following day, they released the album.
Mixtape Noisey Exclusive ". March 11, Label: Retrieved April 1, Retrieved April 17, The two groups subsequently released a collaborative song titled "Butterfly Effect," followed by an EP titled Clockwork Indigoon October 17, During their teenage years, they began experimenting with psychedelic drugssuch as psilocybin dugs and LSD.
October 17, Label: Friends since grade school, all three members were born and raised in the Flatbush section of BrooklynNew York City. Strictly 4 My P.
On February 23,Flatbush Zombies released the first single off of their long awaited second studio album, Vacation in Hell. A Laced Odyssey received generally positive reviews from critics.
The following day, they released the album. Flatgush from the original on May 17, Meechy Darko said the first time doing mushrooms his ego died and had a sort of rebirth of conscience.
April 6, Label: On the same day, the group announced that their debut album titled The Man with the Iron Fists. By Erick Arc Elliott ".
Statik SelektahSmif-n-Wessun. Retrieved May 9, On September 11, at 9: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Muthafuckin eXquireand Anthony Flammia among others.
The Glorious Dead Formats: Flatbush Zombies The Flatbush Zombies performing in Retrieved April 13, It would end up being ranked at number 17 on XXL ' s list of the best mixtapes of July 24, Label: A Plus Filmz . On February 5,they released the first single from Erick Arc Elliott ".
During the Clockwork Indigo concert tourthe group collectively wore white clothing as did Alex's gang in the film A Clockwork Orange.


text:
5 things an MS nurse can tell you about the condition
100,000 people in the UK are living with multiple sclerosis
By NetDoctor
Phil BoormanGetty Images
This year is the 25th anniversary of multiple sclerosis (MS) nursing in the UK. We've made huge strides in this time, and we now have over 240 specialist nurses providing flexible, proactive care and support to the 100,000 people living with MS. However, that's still not enough. Too many people are still having to manage this unpredictable, lifelong condition alone. This year UK charity MS Trust is stepping in to fund new nurses in the areas of greatest need. But how can an MS nurse help? Here are five things an MS nurse can tell you about the condition, which affects the brain and/or spinal cord and can cause a variety of symptoms...
1. MS happens to young people too
If you mention MS, many people still think of older people, maybe in a wheelchair. In fact, MS is the most common neurological condition affecting young people today. Most people are diagnosed in their 20s and 30s, when they're making big plans about studying, work and family.
2. MS needn't be the end of the world...
...but it is the start of a long, unpredictable journey. MS isn't a fatal condition, but so far we have no cure. It is sometimes called a 'snowflake' disease, because it affects everyone differently. Common symptoms include fatigue, problems walking, unusual feelings in the skin (such as pins and needles or numbness), slowed thinking or problems with eyesight. In any one person, the symptoms can vary from day to day. On top of this, some people experience relapses, which are new or much worse symptoms, lasting anything from one day to a number of weeks. Getting used to this unpredictability can be hard, but nurses and specialists can help you learn to adjust at school, at work and at home.
3. Sooner is better when thinking about treatment
Though we don't have a cure for MS, we do have an increasing number of disease modifying drugs. These have been shown to reduce the number of relapses people with MS have. There's also increasing evidence that starting treatment soon after diagnosis improves your chances of staying healthy in the long term. Some are pills, some are injected and some come as infusions. They all come with their own risks and benefits. Try the MS Trust's MS Decisions – an online tool and printed book that can help you compare drugs and see what works for you.
4. But it's not just about drugs
There's more and more evidence that leading a "brain healthy" lifestyle can help keep your brain and nervous system resilient from the effects of MS. Some elements of good brain health are fairly straight forward, such as avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol and continuing to take other medicines you have been prescribed. But how do you keep your mind healthy and active?Techniques like mindfulness, brain exercises and starting new activities may also help.
5. Knowledge is power
25 years ago if you had MS your big problem might be finding information about your condition. What was available was often in medical textbooks and quite hard to understand. These days the problem can be too much information. Google "multiple sclerosis" or any MS symptoms and you will find thousands of websites, sometimes offering miracle cures or suggesting radical treatments. It's more important than ever to only consult MS information you know you can trust.
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text:
Chapman Family Room
Keck Center for Science and Engineering
Rinker Campus
Collection of Historical Figures
» Cecil Blount DeMille Bust
"If I were starting college I would take an adventurous mindopen to new facts, new truths. Its test is neither shiny novelty, nor moss grown tradition – but simply truth, wherever it is found."
- Cecil Blount DeMille
Critical Essay By
Dodge College of Film and Media Arts
"Give me any two pages of the Bible, and I'll give you a picture." -Cecil B. DeMille.
(Born, August 13, 1881 – died January 21, 1959)
Cecil Blount DeMille's career plowed relentlessly forward living and dying again and again in waves – on the crests and in the troughs of the "American Dream."
His overriding spirit reflects both optimism and crushing defeat, picking himself up out of his own ashes and recreating yet another professional victory for himself.
Assailed as an anti-hero for being on the wrong side of history during the McCarthy period of cruel, career-destroying witch hunts while rocketing to motion picture heights never before seen (nor possibly since), DeMille's trajectory was a living manifesto to living life in extremes.
On the one hand, he can be viewed as the single most successful filmmaker in Hollywood history with an uncanny ability to plumb the zeitgeist of the moment to deliver just the right entertainment to satisfy audiences' appetites; and on the other hand, he showed himself a cunning strategist, responsible for wreaking cruel and even unconstitutional "sentences" on his filmmaker colleagues. If we have a third hand: While being neither physically imposing, nor particularly handsome, DeMille excelled in the art of consummate persuasion, aided by a theatrically-trained, superbly commanding voice. Having directed more than seventy films, he's noteworthy in his ability to have entertained audiences for four generations.
Let's look at his prodigious accomplishments.
Cecil Blount DeMille was born in a Boston rooming house/hotel, the son of Henry DeMille, an actor/ playwright of Southern heritage, whose family had endured financial ruin. DeMille's mother, Beatrice Samuel, of Central European, Jewish heritage, created extreme turmoil in both their families when she announced she was marrying Henry, a gentile; and no small part of Henry DeMille's married life was his running interference between his wife, Beatrice and his mother, who never fully approved of his marital choice.
Following in his father's thespian footsteps and attending New York's American Academy of Dramatic Arts, DeMille embarked on a rather ill-fated acting career, often playing in his brother William Churchill DeMille's plays, in which he often collaborated as a co-writer.
He was able to ply his stage craft in one of the last films of his career, DeMille famously played himself in one pithy scene in the classic film, Sunset Boulevard and proved so credible, the film's director, the renowned, Billy Wilder is credited with saying," "DeMille was very good. Much better than a lot of the actors in his pictures. He took direction terrifically. He loved it, he understood it. He was very subtle."
Furthermore, the stage hardly proved a waste for DeMille; In 1936, as Master of Ceremonies, he hosted a long-running radio show in Hollywood (the Lux Radio Theater) while simultaneously active as a film director, which launched him as a well-loved radio star to audiences who had often enjoyed the magnetism and grandeur of his mammoth historic epics. Contributing to the success of his films, the radio scripts that were broadcast were often his own productions read by the most renowned stars of the day – Marlene Dietrich, Gary Cooper, and Clark Gable. America listened in thrall of DeMille's voice for nine years – until 1945.
DeMille did not tarry long in his early acting career, which he deemed unsuccessful, as he starred in a series of financial flops and was remarkably unremembered as an actor.
In 1911, DeMille met Jesse Lasky, a sometimes highly solvent Vaudeville producer, who had recently faced an enormous financial loss, and they formed a partnership, which suffered miserable productions and losses in the theatrical world. They further teamed with Lasky's brother-in-law, Sam Goldfish (later, Goldwyn); and on the spur-of-the-moment, decided to exit the theater world in favor of an exciting, new technology - motion pictures.
DeMille's directing debut in 1914,The Squaw Man proves to establish the tradition of the Hollywood "remake," as DeMille remade his own film on three separate occasions in three separate decades. The first film, a financial success, was produced as a silent film; the second, for Famous Players-Lasky (which became Paramount) in 1918 – was shot largely because DeMille believed so much in that particular story. The third very expensive remake, as a "talkie," which performed disastrously at the box office, rang the death knell for his three-year, largely unsuccessful relationship with M-G-M.
Interestingly, among DeMille's first directorial endeavors, two love stories (The Cheat and Squaw Man) featured interracial romance – a verboten practice in polite society, yet sizzling hot topics for the time period – especially for women, whom early filmmakers realized, made up the largest percentages of their audiences. It was noted that women screamed and swooned during the performances of The Cheat, largely due to the sexy, yet racially "forbidden," Japanese star. The film was soon re-edited and re-intertitled to change the nationality of the lustful, wealthy Japanese businessman to a Burmese ivory dealer to smooth U.S. – Japanese relations, both allies in the Great War against Germany.
An early and ardent supporter of women in film and possessing a heightened sense of aesthetic, DeMille broke ground again by elevating pioneer costume designer, Clare West, to the Head Studio Designer at Famous Players-Lasky to oversee all costume design for the entirety of the company's production slate, as he deemed her work an integral element of a film's overall production design. Furthermore, as his career grew in stature, he labored long hours in the editing suite for most of his lifetime with Anne Bauchens, his highly-cherished editor. And one cannot omit his foundational, three decade "partnership" with screenwriter, Jeanie MacPherson, whose screenplay credit adorns his films from 1915 to 1930. As film historian, Shelley Stamp aptly quotes, "From her brain has sprung the Big Ideas for all the Cecil B. DeMille features: from her hand has come the completed scenarios replete with original business for the picture dramas that have stood, each one of them, as milestones in the photoplay's progress"
Clad in his characteristic high leather boots, riding jodhpurs, a casual, open-necked shirt and introducing the use of the megaphone on set, DeMille further proved his uniqueness as he was one of the few renowned silent era directors to succeed into directing the "talkies" and mastering all the challenges early sound production brought to the set. He seemed to make the transition with ease – journeying all the way from the sweaty, hoi-polloi of the penny nickelodeons to the grand film palaces of wide screens and stereophonic sound – no easy feat, and many did not succeed in transitioning.
After DeMille suffered disastrous financial losses on the stock market and after the Great Depression, the film business and thousands of filmmakers lives and careers were suffering and in extreme disarray. DeMille decided, along with notable directors, Frank Borzage, Lewis Milestone, and King Vidor, to found The Directors Guild, Inc. DeMille is quoted as reasoning, "With Wall Street in control, the directors need an alliance similar to United Artists; but with this difference: The director does better work as he grows older – the actor, poorer…the sellers of films have been exploiting the makers of film long enough. It is the writers and directors who make a picture – not the executive in his office." This idea never crystalized into reality.
In 1932, Hollywood closed its doors to DeMille and his lavish extravaganzas. His career dead, he took another huge risk. Pledging the only money he had left after the Depression flattened his bank accounts, DeMille barely managed to cajole his way back into his old "partner" studio, Paramount, by offering to personally finance one-half of the lurid religious epic, The Sign of the Cross, which ultimately enthralled audiences and secured his position at Paramount until the end of his career.
DeMille proved to be one of the more vocal and influential conservatives in Hollywood by supporting the House of Un-American Activities, and the subsequent adoption of the Waldorf Statement which called for the studios to remove any employee who would not attest under oath that she or he was not a Communist. (HUAC) was a committee of the U.S. House of Representatives that employed controversial repressive and intimidating tactics. Those who refused to comply with the committee's questioning, which often demanded that they provide the names of other colleagues to testify before the committee, were blacklisted thus losing their jobs and effectively their careers and livelihoods. They were no longer allowed to ply their crafts professionally in the United States, and many fled to survive by working abroad.
DeMille's politics ultimately spawned his undoing in the Hollywood community. The rabid ferocity with which he attacked and accused his liberal friends and colleagues of being communists backfired as the toll of ruined careers of so many great talents began to mount. Calmer attitudes finally prevailed, and the liberal wave which had always been warring against DeMille, his cronies, and the FBI gained momentum and active followers.
In 1956, DeMille directed his "curtain-call" film, a glorious, monumental spectacle shot in Technicolor and a remake of his 1923 mega-hit, religious epic, The Ten Commandments. Its enormous canvas and state-of-the art special effects garnered it Academy Award nominations as well as well as a special place in the hearts of Americans. Besides becoming the film by which DeMille will always be remembered, it survives as a symbolic tribute to his lasting contribution to American cinema – the creation of tent-pole, blockbuster films – the mainstay of the Hollywood studio system today.
Back to full collection
Chapman University Collection of Historical Figures
Cecil Blount DeMille
Collection of Historical Figures Map
View the map locations of the Collection of Historical Figures statues located throughout the Chapman campuses.
Cinetech, Inc.
Designation Name
The Marion Knott Filmmaker in Residence Endowed Chair in the School of Film and Television
Miriam Lodder
Between Leatherby Libraries and Argyros Forum, Orange Campus


text:
Lady Bulldogs win 28th straight in women's basketball
ABS-CBN Sports on Nov 09, 2015 04:42 PM
The NU Lady Bulldogs improved to 12-0 and have now won 28 straight contests dating back to last year.
Defending champion National University moved two wins of clinching an outright Finals berth by dismantling Far Eastern University, 71-57, Sunday in the UAAP Season 78 women's basketball tournament at the Blue Eagle Gym.
Shelley Gupilan scattered 18 of her 20 points from beyond the arc while Trixie Antiquiera scored all of her 15 points from the three-point area as the Lady Bulldogs improved to 12-0, and have won 28 straight contests dating back to last year.
Meanwhile, De La Salle University extended its winning streak to 11 while snapping the University of the Philippines' four-game winning run with a 78-53 victory.
Ara Abaca delivered a superb all-around performance with 15 points, eight assists and seven rebounds while Camille Claro tossed in 15 points for the Lady Archers, who have already assured of the twice-to-beat bonus, either in the Final Four or step-ladder semis format
Jollina Go drilled in 16 of her 28 points in the first half as Ateneo hammered out a 66-62 decision over University of the East to bolster its semis hopes.
Princess Cochico tallied 24 points, nine rebounds and eight assists as Adamson University snapped a eight-game losing streak with a 75-71 win over University of Santo Tomas.
The Lady Eagles improved to 5-7 to tie the Lady Warriors and the Tigresses from third to fifth spots, while the Lady Falcons are not far behind at 4-8, joining the Lady Maroons in sixth place.
The Lady Tamaraws are already out of the running with a 2-10 card.
UAAP adopts new volleyball schedule for Season 82


What makes me see red: Kids who try to outrun me always make me want to CHARGE!
Happy Place: Geared up with a smile, a whip, and a bucket of blood-red paint.
Motto: You can run, but you can't hide, heifers!
HeLL-Roll Kitty has reached their fundraising goal of $500.00!


Posted in Misc and tagged Babies, Cheerios at 9:37 am on March 19, 2019 by Chompsky.
Anyone who thinks up, participates in, likes, shares, or otherwise endorses these brainless 'challenges' is a tooty pants imbecile full stop.
+ a slice of processed cheese in their face.
agreed, although I'd say fine until you share it with the world.
Why do parents take the widdle out of their kids like this?
It alleviates the stress of a looking after a small child. I know where they're coming from, but yes its not right.
Yes. I have at least sixteen of them now.
Don't take them out of the box, they'll be worth a fortune later on. Pro tip for ya there, you're welcome.
Agree, they're very tasty if you marinate them properly.
What kind of tooty pants would find this entertaining? It probably is true that having children turns your brain to mush.
I guess when you have kids, you don" have the same free time to make / go out for insta-friendly breakfasts and lunches, so need to fill your social media feeds with some other poop to keep the likes coming.
I really don't feel this is worth getting worked up about.
Why are you not OUTRAGED????
It's all fun and games until someone CHOKES on one! Eh? Who's laughing then, wha'? KID MURDERERS.
Much better. A bit of pointless shouting and gnashing of teeth to get the blood flowing, and just in time for lunch hour too.
Great fun until a kid chokes on one.
Will the Cheerios fall into the baby's brain?
Cherios have a hole through the middle – to stop choking.
I think this is funny. So there.


text:
Q: May the go compiler reorder following code? Lately, I found some code looks like this:
var m map[int]int

func writem() {
    tmpm := make(map[int]int)
    for i := 0; i < 4000000; i++ {
        tmpm[i] = i + 10
    }
    m = tmpm
}

func readm() {
    for k, v := range m {
        _, _ = k, v
    }
}

func main() {
    writem()
    go readm()
    writem()
}

This program runs fine, but I think the writem function body may be reordered by moving m = tmpm before the for loop, because this doesn't change the behavior within this goroutine. And this reordering will cause the concurrent map read and map write problem. As the Go Memory Model says:

compilers and processors may reorder the reads and writes executed within a single goroutine only when the reordering does not change the behavior within that goroutine as defined by the language specification

Any I right, or it is safe to write code like this?

A:
This program runs fine.

No, it doesn't.

The results of the program are undefined. You have a data race on map m.
$ go run -race racer.go
==================
WARNING: DATA RACE
Write at 0x000000510fa0 by main goroutine:
  main.writem()
      /home/peter/gopath/src/racer.go:10 +0xa7
  main.main()
      /home/peter/gopath/src/racer.go:22 +0x4c

Previous read at 0x000000510fa0 by goroutine 13:
  [failed to restore the stack]

Goroutine 13 (finished) created at:
  main.main()
      /home/peter/gopath/src/racer.go:21 +0x47
==================
Found 1 data race(s)
exit status 66
$

racer.go:
package main

var m map[int]int

func writem() {
    tmpm := make(map[int]int)
    for i := 0; i < 4000000; i++ {
        tmpm[i] = i + 10
    }
    m = tmpm
}

func readm() {
    for k, v := range m {
        _, _ = k, v
    }
}

func main() {
    writem()
    go readm()
    writem()
}

Playground: https://play.golang.org/p/OcWmK7ioMkD

Reference: Go: Data Race Detector

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
SYNONYM

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
null

#### Original name
Verrucaria contorta Hoffm.

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home/South O' the Highway/Alex Guarnaschelli Performs Comedy at Guild Hall
Alex Guarnaschelli Performs Comedy at Guild Hall
SOTH Team August 4, 2016
Photo: Courtesy Agency 21
If you saw Alex Guarnaschelli at this year's Dan's GrillHampton and Dan's Taste of Two Forks, you know how funny the Iron Chef can be. Well, Guild Hall agrees. Guarnaschelli, along with fellow comedians Yamaneika Saunders, Karen Bergreen and Vince August will perform at the John Drew Theater on Friday night, August 5, as part of Caroline's on Broadway's Caroline's @ The Beach series.
Carolines on Broadway is New York City's premier standup comedy nightclub, and it stays open 7 nights per week, 365 days a year. Now the legendary club—known for showing standup icons such as Dave Chappelle, Janeane Garofalo, Joel McHale, Tracy Morgan and Kathy Griffin—is expanding its already full schedule with shows on the road.
A Bridgehampton resident, Guarnaschelli is a chef, author, television personality and owner of the popular NYC restaurant Butter. The star of Chopped and Alex's Day Off on Food Network managed to deliver some laughs at this summer's Dan's Taste of Two Forks—telling guests she actually wore a bra to the event—so it will be fun to see how she'll perform in a pure comedy atmosphere. But Guarnaschelli won't be the only talent cracking jokes on Friday.
Yamaneika Saunders has been building up her dynamic stage presence at clubs across the country for more than a decade. Born and raised in Baltimore, MD, she's been a fixture in both the New York and LA comedy scene, combining high energy improv skills with her vulnerable perspective on life. Saunders was a semi-finalist on Last Comic Standing, one of the stars of Funny Girls on Oxygen and a panelist on The Meredith Vieira Show.
A Harvard graduate with a law degree from University of Minnesota, Karen Bergreen followed the natural career path of someone with her credentials and became…a comedian! She regularly appears on Comedy Central, and was a panelist on Can You Tell on The Oxygen Network. Bergreen has performed on VH1, Court TV and USA networks, ABC's The View, on Nick Moms, Stand-Up in Stillettos and LIVE at Gotham and The Jim Gaffigan Show, and she recently filmed a pilot for CBS.
Vince August is a weekly performer at Carolines on Broadway, he was a warmup comic on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and series regular on ABC's What Would You Do? His film, Vinsanity, won Best Picture at the New York International Film and Comedy Festival. He was forced to give up a career as a Municipal Court Judge in order to follow his comedy dreams.
See all these funny people at Guild Hall in East Hampton (158 Main Street) on Friday, August 5 at 7 p.m. Visit guildhall.org for tickets and info.
Grindstone Coffee & Donuts Opens in Sag Harbor
Dan's 44th Kite Fly Rescheduled to Sunday, August 7
Just for Teens
Music Camp 2: Rock That Band with Rick DeLuca


This page lists our latest news and press releases.
Together, the IOE and Equity, will ensure that all participants take part in a unique, high quality and memorable experience.
What makes the First World Centenary Battlefield Tours Programme unique?
A number of features make this programme very different from previous school tours to the battlefield sites of the Western Front.
This short film sets out what we are trying to achieve with teachers and students on the battlefield sites of the Western Front.


Notice: Dear Buyer, Please read the messages before buying.Thanks!
We are manufacturer,our products are direct selling,no re-selling, and we can help our buyers solve all problems.Buy our Car Camera DVRs, if have any quality problem,in 1 month,we will replacement a new good one for you. In 6 months,we will repair it for you freely.
Car DVRs need use in Car,and use Original Charger connect with Cigarette Lighter work.
Car DVRs need use 100% New Class 10 TF Card,and above 16GB.
Our GPS Navigation is FHD 1080P Video Recorder,must use high quality Class 10 TF Card, any low quality/low speed TF card all can\'t support our DVRs work normally, if you can\'t make sure you have good TF Card,please buy our Original TF Card together.
With AHD (1280x720p) Night Vision rear camera, makes the driving rear view more widely, it is triple wide view if compare to the traditional mirror.
With our unique remote monitor mobile app "Car Assist" and internet connection, it allows you to remote monitor your car driving path, and what happened around your car, no matter where you are.
Please DON\'T use the USB cable to power supply the car dvr , otherwise it could not power on.
Please use our standard car charger to power supply the car dvr when you receive the package.
Driving journey is boring?Now start 4G internet surfing with our EA405 Dvr,it built in wifi hotspots,will sync and share the internet data to your smart phone,enjoy reading,navigation,music online for fun.
Remarks:please kindly insert your local micro sim card which support below network bands for 4G Internet surfing.Thank you.
This is all new technology for rearview mirror dvr.EA405 is equipped with this advanced streaming media technology,makes the driving rear view angle more widely,it is triple wide view angle then the traditional mirror.
How to bind the car dvr with your smartphone?
--Step2: Scan the car dvr 's car assist QR code to send the binding request . Accept the request on dvr to finish the device binding.
record simultaneously automatically capturing every fleeting moment.
The EA405 will switches to the back camera image view by 10" full mirror screen automatically when the car is on reverse.It comes with high quality images which help to identify vital details such as license plates, driver actions and road features which may prove your innocence.
Still worried about the dvr recording display will influence your car rearview mirror function ? Now just one-key press the power button,will turn off the screen background light at once,will not disturb driving.
Thanks to bluetooth hands-free,after pairing the bluetooth between dvr and smartphone,you could make and receive calls directly from the mirror dvr itself with the built-in Mic and speaker.
When EA405 be shocked by external force suddenly,the G-Sensor will lock the current record video immediately,the instantaneous video will be the important evidence for one accident.
If EA405 be shocked by any external forces,like thief when parking,it will turn on to record automatically.
Cyclic recording ensures that your camera does not stop recording when the TF Card is full. The camera will overwrite the previous video files Iinoleic the TF Card automatically,thus enabling it to record indefinitely.
Please refer to the correct charging method below. Warning:Please be sure to use our original charger to connect Dvr to your car.
Do not use the wrong charging method. otherwise you will lose the warranty. Thank you for your understanding!
We are manufacturer,our products are Factory Sale, and we have our own IT Department, can help our buyers solve all problems. Buy our Products, if have any quality problem,in 1 month,we will replacement a new good one for you.In 6 months,we will repair it for you freely.
1. We strive to maintain the highest standards of excellence for shopping experience for5 stars and 100% customer satisfaction! Positive feedback 5stars is very important to us.


text:
Il broccolo, chiamato anche cavolo broccolo, è una cultivar di cavolo appartenente al gruppo 'Italica'. I broccoli rientrano nel gruppo di piante di cui non vengono mangiate le foglie bensì le infiorescenze non ancora mature.

Coltivazione

È una pianta originaria dell'antica Roma. Viene coltivato in varie zone d'Italia e del mondo ed è diffusa prevalentemente nell'area mediterranea, più precisamente dell'area compresa fra Grecia, Turchia, Siria e Cipro. È un ortaggio molto conosciuto a livello internazionale.

In cucina

Il suo utilizzo in cucina è diffuso in gran parte d'Europa e del mondo, soprattutto previa cottura e per la preparazione di zuppe e minestre. Il broccolo è originario del Sud Italia e ancora oggi, fuori dall'Italia, viene associato alla cucina italiana.
Si può consumare crudo in pinzimonio, ma è valorizzato soprattutto dalla cottura al vapore, gratinata o saltata. Rientra in numerose preparazioni tipiche regionali.

In Campania è noto come broccolo o broccoletto barese. Altrove, anche come broccolo calabrese o broccolo a rosetta.

Varietà locali
Broccolo romanesco: di colore verde chiaro, ha una forma piramidale e tante piccole rosette a spirale.
Broccolo parthenon: ha la forma di una cupola alta ed ha grana molto fine e compatta. È di colore verde scuro intenso.
Broccolo marathon: ha la testa a forma di cupola, ed ha grana fine di colore verde scuro.
Broccolo fiolaro di Creazzo, tipico del Veneto.
Mugnulo
Broccolo di Bassano

Note

Voci correlate
Broccoletto
Cavolfiore
Brassica oleracea sabauda

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Cavoli
Cultivar di Brassica
Piante edibili

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
import React from 'react'
import { Router, Route, IndexRoute } from 'react-router'

import App from '../containers/App'
import Home from '../containers/Home'
import List from '../containers/List'
import Detail from '../containers/Detail'
import NotFound from '../containers/NotFound'

class RouteMap extends React.Component {
    updateHandle() {
        console.log('每次router变化之后都会触发')
    }
    render() {
        return (
             <Router history={this.props.history} onUpdate={this.updateHandle.bind(this)}>
                <Route path='/' component={App}>
                    <IndexRoute component={Home}/>
                   1111

                    1111
                </Route>
            </Router>
        )
    }
}

export default RouteMap


text:
Ashton mum left stunned as 'secret Santa' delivers £200 gift
Kayleigh Moran was stunned to be handed the cash and a message simply saying 'happy Christmas'.
Sue Carr
Waitress Kayleigh Moran, 20, and her little girl Daisy, one. Picture and video: Dominic Salter
A young mum and her family have been given a Christmas to remember – thanks to a real-life 'secret Santa'.
Kayleigh Moran was in Ashton town centre with daughter Daisy, one, when she was approached by a man she had never met before who pressed an envelope into her hand, urging her not to open it until he'd gone.
Assuming it was asking for money, the 20-year-old was stunned moments later when she looked inside to find £200 in cash and a message inside a card simply saying 'happy Christmas.'
Kayleigh, who had faced spending Christmas alone because she couldn't afford the train fare to go and see her mum in north Wales, said: "I was gobsmacked. It's such a lovely thing to do.
"I have never missed a Christmas with my mum and it would have been horrible but this means I can go and see her now.
"I don't think the man would want to be recognised, but it means so much and I just want to say thank you."
Kind-hearted Kayleigh, who lives in Ashton, went shopping with some of the money to buy toys for the M.E.N. and Key 103's Mission Christmas appeal for needy children.
The waitress has also been able to treat her family including 12-year-old brother Josh, who has autism, and pay for a proper memorial to her gran who died earlier this year.
She said: "We couldn't afford a proper grave, just a wooden cross, but I have bought some ornaments that we're going to go and put on her grave on Christmas Day."
Mum Shelley Wilde, who is originally from Tameside but now lives in Criccieth, near Porthmadog, added: "Something like this really restores your faith in people.
"I was dreading Christmas before, but now I can't wait.
"I don't know why this man chose Kayleigh but he did and I just want him to know the good his money has done."
Key 103
Ashton and Mossley


text:
Malaysia's economic fundamentals remains robust - RHB IB
KUALA LUMPUR, Nov 20 (Bernama) -- Malaysia's economic fundamentals remain quite robust heading into 2023, despite the uncertainties on the political front following the just-concluded 15th General Election (GE15), said RHB Investment Bank (RHB IB).
In a note, the investment bank said it is maintaining its 2022 gross domestic product (GDP) growth forecast for Malaysia at 7.0 per cent year-on-year (y-o-y), with the balance of risks tilted towards a print of 7.5 to 8.5 per cent, followed by 4.5 per cent in 2023.
According to the official results, GE15 ended with a 'hung parliament' where no coalition has a simple majority of seats in parliament.
Pakatan Harapan emerged as the biggest coalition with 82 parliamentary seats, followed by Perikatan Nasional (73) and Barisan Nasional (30).
As such, RHB IB said economic agents and financial market participants are likely to adopt a 'wait-and-see' attitude in the near term until a new government is formed.
In the meantime, it expects the ringgit to trade in the range of 4.60-4.70 against the US dollar in the fourth quarter of 2022 (Q4 2022), followed by 4.70-4.80 in the first half of 2023 (1H2023).
"The recent significant decline in USD/MYR was mainly driven by exporters selling US dollar and also thin liquidity in the foreign exchange market," it said.
RHB IB is also maintaining its 1H2023 average Malaysian Government Securities 10-year (MGS10YR) yield forecast of 4.0-4.30.
"In the local currency bond market, in the last one to two weeks, we did not notice much foreign flows from real money accounts or hedge funds which catalysed the decline in MGS10YR yields since the United States' (US) October core consumer price index (CPI) print on Nov 10 which came in below expectations.
"In our view, the decline in MGS10YR yields could have been mainly due to the decline in US Treasury 10-year yields rather than factors specific to Malaysia," it said.
Meanwhile, RHB IB said the outcome of the polls has created uncertainties over Budget 2023 announced on Oct 7, which has been deemed void following the dissolution of parliament on Oct 10.
It said the timeline for the re-tabling of the national budget -- which ideally should be presented by December 2022 -- is uncertain following the possible changes in the ruling coalition, noting that it would very much depend on the timing of the formation of the new Cabinet.
"Based on the latest developments, the balance of the risks is tilted towards a delay in Budget 2023 re-tabling following the election of a new government," it said.
For now, the main developments to watch for are the submission of the list of candidates for the Prime Minister's post to the King, meetings between the parties' leaders and the formation of a new cabinet.
"Regardless of the outcome, we view that 'people-oriented' measures and gradual fiscal consolidation would remain top priorities for the new government, where cash transfers and other types of assistance to lower- and middle-income households are likely to be continued," it said.


text:
This Newly Discovered Ant Has a Metal Spike on Its Head And Was Probably a Vampire
Outside Source
Scientists have discovered a new type of 'hell ant' - a species with terrifying spiky mouthparts reinforced with metal and used for drinking the blood of its enemies.
Thankfully, these insects have been extinct for a while, but a 98-million-year-old amber specimen has now revealed stunning detail of the prehistoric species, including a curious metal component in its jaws.
The newly described Linguamyrmex vladi belongs to a group known as 'hell ants' or haidomyrmecines, an extinct bunch that lived in the Cretaceous period and characterised by strange, vertically moving mouthparts.


When I first asked if i could contribute to this special and meaningful cause, I asked Erin if there was anything specific that needed to be covered. As always and with a pure heart she replied, "It's about getting the kids back outdoors." Raise Em' Outdoors has, in its own sense, opened doors to my own family. In this unpredictable and at times, unforgiving world we live in, I grew accustomed to sheltering my three boys, Ages 9, 7, and 5. Out of my own fears of what was beyond my front door. i lost touch as a parent that if we do not teach our children about the beautiful world that exists before them, they would never grow into their proper skin as an important part of this planet. Away from the views of city skylines and busy industrial cities, lies the true picture of the environment around us. From the smooth, cascading lines of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia, to the serene and calm lakes in the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska where bevies of Trumpeter Swans call home. These are the places where nature and humanity once shared the most pure and beneficial form of symbiosis. Millions of years of evolution and technological advancement have diluted that time space into something foreign. Luckily for us, some realize that this should and MUST change. To teach ourselves that we ultimately are responsible for presenting the outdoors to our children and providing them with the necessary knowledge to survive in case of need. But more importantly, IT'S FUN TO BE OUTSIDE! So get your little ones out there! Let them smell that fresh air. Let them feel the grass under their feet and the sand through their toes. Teach them how to fish, how to hunt, and how to stay warm. Pass on the knowledge put before us by our ancestors. Help pass this through your children and into the future, knowing in full confidence that you did your part.
Older PostAllison Rauscher on the decline in hunters and how Raise 'Em Outdoors can help.


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This page was last modified on 26 November 2017, at 16:47.


text:
Q: Probability - how to satisfy an order with given probability? The probability that randomly chosen shirt from a current production can be qualified as a premium sort shirt is $p = 0.8$.  Find the probability that out of $n = 100$ shirts we will have at least $85$ premium sort shirts.  How many shirts we have to produce to satisfy an order for $400$ premium sort shirts with probability at least $0.99$?
[edit]
First part of the question :
$$p = 0.8   \\
n = 100  \\
E(X) = p\,n = 80.  \\
 V(X) = p\,n\,(1-p) = 16 \\
P(X\geq 85)= 1 - P(X\leq 84) = 1 - 0.8708 = 0.1292
$$

A: So the second part is different from the first part in that instead of computing a probability, we begin with a probability and proceed backwards.  First of all, we need to find a number $z$ so that $\text{phi}(z)=(1-0.99)=0.01$. You should get $z=-2.33$, or something close.
Now, let $n$ be the number of shirts that will be "enough" under the constraints of the second problem. We know that $n$ has to satisfy
$$
n p + z\sqrt{np(1-p)}\geq 400
$$
Changing this to an equality, we rearrange this to get
$$
z\sqrt{np(1-p)}= 400 - n p\\
z^2np(1-p)= 160000-800np + n^2 p^2\\
(p^2)n^2-((800+z^2(1-p))p)n + 160000=0
$$
This is a quadratic equation you can solve for $n$.  Round the answer up to get your solution.


text:
Founder/Board Members
GIRLS Scholarship
Christina's Heart Scholarship
All About Her Blog
2021 GIRLS Scholarship Recipients
Empower Her is very excited to announce this years GIRLS Scholarship recipients are: Ellery Campbell from Wallingford and Karen Gomez from Meriden. Ellery and Karen have each received a $400 scholarship award. CONGRATULATIONS!!!
Ellery Campbell, a senior at Lyman Hall High School, was a multiple sport athlete, served as captain on two teams and won awards based on her sportsmanship and as a scholar athlete. Ellery was the member and leader of many clubs in high school and participated in a variety of community service. Ellery is passionate about female equality, especially in sports and has already made her mark on speaking out against discrimination. Ellery would like to become a politician who works to restore a voice to those who have been silenced for far too long. Ellery will be attending Brown University majoring in Economics or Accounting with a minor in Political Science.
Karen Gomez, a senior at Francis T. Maloney High School, has been involved in soccer and various and clubs throughout her high school career and has dedicated herself to various community service initiatives. Karen has received Distinguished Honors, Student of the Month, and recognition for receiving one of the highest grades in a college-level course out of all participating students nationally. Her goal is to become a pediatric pulmonologist, but would like to become a nurse first to save money to go back to school and continue her education to become a pediatric pulmonologist. She will focus on being a Spanish-proficient nurse as she feels she can help more people. Karen is a first generation American and her family is certain to be proud of her accomplishments. Karen will be attending Quinnipiac University and will major in Nursing.
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If Seoul is the home for make-up making an average blush on around Php100, Singapore for me is the home of our all time favorite chocolates. Indulge yourself with imported chocolates from Orchard Road to Bugis Area. I got 10 medium size Toblerones for just $10 that makes 1 boxed Toblerone $1=Php35/36!
Tip: Head to Lucky Plaza in Orchard Road for 10pcs for $10 or 3 huge packs of assorted Kit Kat, Cadbury and more for $10. Feel free to also taste their famous Singapore Chocolates which comes in different flavors and are packaged nicely you can take it home as a souvenir.
We already have Watsons in the Philippines but Watsons in Singapore are more on Beauty, Skin Care and Hair Care. 3 boxes of luxurious masks will cost you just $15 and watch out for Buy 2 take 1 promos on most items as well!
Go crazy on cute backpacks in Bugis Street, Anello and Herschel inspired backpacks are pegged at $10 each. Can you believe that?
Sale in Cotton On Singapore are the best! I was able to buy 1 pair of ballet-inspired doll shoes, leather watch, Disney Bag & Disney Toiletry Organizer Bag for Php1,000! Most clothing are on sale too ranging from just $5-10 each!
Tip: This is a good spot for a shopping date as Cotton On offers both Women & Men's apparel. We went to Cotton On Suntec City which is a great place to shop!
Please don't leave Singapore without trying this! It is sooooo good and addicting! These are chips flavored with Salted Egg. Crunchy, comforting absolutely worth every penny and calorie, lol!
Have an amazing day lah!
Disclaimer: Information are subject to change without prior notice. This post is not sponsored and is based on a hundred percent "heyjaey" hands on / tasting experience and personal views. We may or may not be always on the same page but hey thanks for dropping by anyway! Feel free to drop in some comments/suggestions.
Lol! Singapore is worth it after all!