text:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project
		xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
		xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<parent>
		<groupId>group.zealot</groupId>
		<artifactId>test</artifactId>
		<version>1.0</version>
	</parent>

	<artifactId>test-socket</artifactId>
	<name>${project.artifactId}</name>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<skipTests>true</skipTests>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
		</dependency>

	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>${springboot.version}</version>
				<configuration>
					<fork>true</fork>
					<mainClass></mainClass>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Are you a sucker for all things organic? Well say hello to India's first organic fast food provider - YumBox. From parathas to pastas and burgers, everything here is made using organic ingredients.
They've taken innovation to the next level with their Parathas with a twist, where you can get a Basil Pesto Chicken Paratha, Italian Paratha, Mexican Paratha and even a Chilli Cheese Paratha. Apart from that, you can also order up their wraps, salads, pastas, pizzas, sandwiches and lots more.
For now YumBox is only delivering in Gurgaon from Monday to Friday whereby you can place orders between a 9 AM to 6 PM window. Organic junk food is just a dream come true, isn't it? Check them out!


Galaxy Note8, which features 'Bixby' digital assistant and enhanced 'S Pen', was launched in India on September 12 at Rs 67,900.
Samsung's flagship smartphone Galaxy Note8 on Friday won the 'Gadget of the Year' award at the India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2017 here.
"With the launch of Galaxy Note8, we have further strengthened our leadership in the premium smartphone segment in India and this prestigious award bears testimony to our efforts," said Asim Warsi, Senior Vice President, Mobile Business, Samsung India, in a statement.
The 6.3-inch smartphone comes with 6GB RAM, 64GB internal memory which is expandable up to 256GB and sports a 12MP dual rear camera.


text:
Thanks for contributing to the project! Please look at [the periph contribution
guidelines](https://periph.io/project/contributing/) first.


home nursery o fallon 202 montrose court photo 2 home nursery ofallon missouri.
home nursery o fallon about us coronation dr o fallon mo realtorcom coronation dr o fallon mo.
home nursery o fallon garden care ofallon mo county land maintenance inc another job well done by our garden care team in ofallon mo.
home nursery o fallon 211 roxbury drive ofallon mo 63366 home nursery ofallon missouri city.
home nursery o fallon home nursery ofallon missouri demographics.
home nursery o fallon the home depot 17 photos hardware stores 1706 w hwy 50 o fallon il phone number last updated december 10 2018 yelp home nursery ofallon missouri.
home nursery o fallon emerald view turf farms ed keeven sod company grass fescue zoysia emerald view turf farms ed keeven sod company grass fescue zoysia bluegrass saint louis stl saint charles ofallon missouri mo.
home nursery o fallon home nursery in ofallon mo.
home nursery o fallon we are happy to offer all employees the option of living in one of our apartments the buidlings were constructed in 1995 and have served our people well home nursery ofallon missouri newspaper.
home nursery o fallon building photo 9016 spy glass place dr home nursery ofallon mo.
home nursery o fallon home nursery ofallon mo.
home nursery o fallon property photo home nursery ofallon missouri newspaper.
home nursery o fallon the forest plan o fallon missouri 63366 the forest plan at brookside by lombardo home nursery ofallon mo.
home nursery o fallon another job well done by our garden care team in ofallon mo home nursery ofallon missouri.
home nursery o fallon 042111 baby boy roomjpg spangle way dr o fallon mo mls movotocom.
home nursery o fallon home nursery ofallon missouri is in what county.
home nursery o fallon previous next roxbury drive ofallon strano and associates real estate roxbury drive ofallon mo.
home nursery o fallon west county day school in ofallon home nursery ofallon missouri.
home nursery o fallon 44 west park drive o fallon mo 63366 home nursery in ofallon mo.
home nursery o fallon sophisticated furniture at walter knoll for modern home design home nursery ofallon missouri newspaper.
home nursery o fallon weve gone bonkers for houseplants see a few of our favorites home nursery ofallon missouri.
home nursery o fallon building photo 9016 spy glass place dr home nursery ofallon missouri demographics.
home nursery o fallon property photo property photo property photo property photo home nursery ofallon missouri is in what county.
home nursery o fallon funds arent keeping up with homelessness in st charles county home nursery ofallon missouri is in what county.
home nursery o fallon jump passes or birthday party at altitude trampoline park up to 35 off home nursery ofallon mo.
Edit "Home Nursery O Fallon"


text:
Coronavirus | COVID-19 Updates
COVID closed Mexican factories that supply US defense industry. The Pentagon wants them opened.
A Mexican soldier stands guard as a cargo with personal protective equipment sent by China to Mexico to aid in the fight against the novel coronavirus pandemic is unloaded from a plane upon its arrival at the airport in Mexico City on April 7, 2020. (Pedro Pardo/AFP via Getty Images)
Note: This article was updated with comment from the Aerospace Industries Association.
WASHINGTON ― Factory closures in Mexico due to the coronavirus pandemic are hurting U.S. defense firms, and the Pentagon is urging America's neighbor to the south to reopen vital suppliers.
Because Mexico has not designated its aerospace and defense sector as essential, it's disrupting the supply chain for the American defense industrial base, particularly aircraft manufacturers. Though little known, Mexico's defense exports to the U.S. and beyond grew mightily over the last 15 years as defense firms large and small opened production facilities there.
Speaking to reporters at the Pentagon on Monday, Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment Ellen Lord said she discussed the problem with U.S. Ambassador to Mexico Christopher Landau. She was planning a letter to Mexican Foreign Affairs Minister Marcelo Ebrard, she said, to ask that he, "help reopen international suppliers there.
"These companies are especially important for our U.S. airframe production."
The pandemic has raised broader questions about America's dependence on global supply chains, particularly its reliance on China for key medicines and supplies. A Pentagon task force set up to monitor COVID-19′s impact on military suppliers found "several pockets of closure" linked to "international dependencies," Lord said.
"Mexico right now is somewhat problematical for us but we're working through our embassy, and then there are pockets in India as well," Lord said.
Pentagon bracing for three-month slowdown on major defense equipment
The Pentagon also expects to spend "billions" of dollars in paying back industry for costs incurred by the COVID-19 outbreak.
More broadly, only small fractions of the Pentagon's suppliers in the U.S. have closed due to the new coronavirus and distancing measures imposed to fights its spread, but the aviation, shipbuilding and small space launch subsectors have been hardest hit by disruptions from the virus, Lord said.
The Pentagon is using $250 million from last month's emergency stimulus funding to bolster defense firms, and it will funnel another $750 million to medical resources.
The Defense Department is also working with the White House budget office to request "billions and billions" of dollars in future fiscal packages to cover schedule delays, accelerated progress payments and other costs, Lord said.
A Pentagon spokesman declined to provide details about the products and companies impacted by the Mexican factory closures, and said Lord's letter to Ebrard was not being shared publicly because it contained sensitive information.
A 2013 United States International Trade Commission report noted that General Electric, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin and Eurocopter were among more than a dozen U.S. firms of various sizes that opened Mexican subsidiaries ― all part of a Mexican aerospace export boom.
Mexico's growth was fueled by its lower manufacturing costs, duty-free access to markets through the North American Free Trade Agreement, a Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement with the U.S., and by Mexican government subsidies and workforce development efforts.
The Pentagon's supply chain faces an economy under siege
It's survival of the funded, as defense contractors up and down the Defense Department's supply chain battle to stay afloat.
By Valerie Insinna and Aaron Mehta
According to the Mexican Federation of Aerospace Industries, or FEMIA, Mexico's aerospace exports rocketed from $1.3 billion in 2004 to $9.6 billion last year. Lizcano said Mexico manufactures everything from avionics, to landing gear and fuselages, and it's in the top ten overseas suppliers to the U.S. aerospace and defense sector.
But coronavirus is blunting Mexico aerospace growth, and it is reverberating across its economy. Mexico's Labor Department said this month that the country had lost 346,748 jobs since mid-March due to the economic impact of the new coronavirus.
FEMIA is arguing publicly that its government should designate Mexico's aerospace and defense sector as "essential," to synchronize with the U.S. and Canada, its general manager, Luis Lizcano, told Defense News. It's also coordinating with its trade association counterparts in the U.S. and Canada.
"What we're asking is that we standardize in this sector because we're going to break with supply chains with OEMs for commercial and defense aircraft," Lizcano said.
The U.S.-based Aerospace Industries Association had a similar argument:
"Maintaining the free flow of goods and services between the United States, Canada, and Mexico is vital to our nation's economy and to our industry," AIA President and CEO Eric Fanning said in a statement. He hailed the recent United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement as aid to that goal.
"However, this certainty is currently threatened by disruptions in America's common aerospace and defense supply chain affecting companies of all shapes and sizes. To restore certainty and keep goods and services moving, all levels of government within the U.S., Canada, and Mexico must work together to provide clear, coordinated, and direct guidance about how best to protect our workers, while ensuring aerospace and defense is declared an 'essential' function in all three countries.
"A unified North American approach helps ensure critical operations will continue under some of the strictest health and safety standards in the world and offer much-needed stability during this crisis."
On Monday, the CEO of the National Defense Industrial Association, retired Gen. Herbert "Hawk" Carlisle, said the increasingly global nature of some American defense supply chains cannot and should not be reversed. The U.S. ought to keep its suppliers diversified, he said, to avoid choke points overseas.
"What you don't want are single points of failure where if something happened in that country, it couldn't produce," Carlisle said. "You have [to have] multiple, avenues to supply that capability. Some may be internal, and you can have more than one nation external."
About Joe Gould
More In Coronavirus | COVID-19 Updates
Oklahoma Guard bars unvaccinated airmen from drilling after Jan. 1
The head of the Oklahoma National Guard has ordered unvaccinated airmen to stay home from drill weekends.
Pentagon pushes maximum telework through January 2022
The health protection condition status for the Pentagon Reservation hasn't changed, but officials are tightening restrictions and safety measures for the worksite.
HASC's top Republican takes aim at budget gridlock, Russia policy and vaccination mandate
"I mean, these [continuing resolutions] are killing us," Rep. Mike Rogers told Defense News. "If they do another CR in February to the end of the year, it's going to basically cost [the Pentagon] $40 billion. It's going to negate everything we just did in this authorization, plus more. And it's just literally un-American if we aren't doing a better job to provide for our military than that."
Japan passes record $317B extra budget. Here's what it includes
Japan's parliament has approved a record extra budget of nearly 36 trillion yen for the fiscal year through March that includes additional military spending.
Judge blocks Biden vaccine mandate for federal contractors
The judge found that the states opposing the mandate are likely to succeed in their claim that the president exceeded authorization from Congress when he issued the requirement in September.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Flawless from the front, but wait until you see the back. Image courtesy of Getty Images.
Kate Bosworth, known for her crazy cool eyes and generally covetable blonde hair, stormed the red carpet Monday night for the TIFF 2014 premiere of Still Alice (yes, she's IN a movie!) with hands down the best hair look of the festival so far. Just wait until you see the back!
So simple, and yet so cool. Image courtesy of Getty Images.
This is a glam interpretation of the look that hair queen Odile Gilbert presented at Thakoon's Spring 2015 show, which went down approx. one day before Bosworth showed up on the carpet. So yeah, your spot as "fashion muse" is totally safe, Kate — even if you start acting again.


text:
Crossrail Given Go-Ahead
October 5, 2007 - Staff
Prime Minister Gordon Brown has given the go-ahead to the £16bn Crossrail scheme which will see a new rail line built through the centre of London.
Construction is expected to begin in 2010 with train services due to start running in 2017. Mr Brown said the project was of "enormous importance, not just for London but for the whole country".
The announcement was welcomed by Mayor of London Ken Livingstone who described the project as "the key to the next 20 years of economic development of London."
"Crossrail will provide the transport underpinning for the greatest centres of London's business – the City, Canary Wharf and the West End – as well as linking these areas of high jobs growth to the areas of greatest deprivation in east London and opening up the areas of new housing development in the Thames Gateway."
In a statement issued this morning Mr Livingstone said the scheme"like all good ideas, is simple. It gives the financial centres of London, the City and Canary Wharf, a single transport platform, links this to Heathrow, provides massive new transport capacity in the West End, and opens up the connection to the areas of housing development in the Thames Gateway. It passes through most of the areas of highest job growth in London. The station at Whitechapel provides a junction to the East London Line – which passes through the areas of London's greatest deprivation."
"With a capacity twice that of the Jubilee line, and expanding London's rail capacity by 10 per cent, it is the largest addition to London's transport system for more than fifty years. It will touch the lives of millions of Londoners whether they are travelling to work, going to the West End to shop or for the evening out, travelling to Heathrow or living in East London – and by providing the transport backbone of the internationally competitive businesses of London it will aid the whole UK economy."
"It is a tremendous, £16 billion, internationally recognisable vote of confidence by businesses and government in London's economic success."
"In the seven years since I have been Mayor delivering Crossrail has been by far the most important transport project I have sought to deliver, working together with London's businesses and the government, and I regard today's statement as a tremendous combined achievement of all those who have worked for it and one of the most important announcements London could have."
Conservative Mayoral candidate Boris Johnson said he was "delighted to hear that Crossrail will finally be going ahead.
"My team will be looking closely at the arrangements to ensure the best possible deal for London.
"This is good news for the Capital and I wish all involved every success in getting this long-awaited vital project started."
A Labour Party Spokesperson said: "Crossrail is the most important transport project for London. Ken Livingstone's administration have worked hard over a number of years to deliver this for London."
"In contrast Boris Johnson could not even be bothered to turn up and vote for it in parliament, which shows how seriously he takes Londoners."
Link: www.crossrail.co.uk
Tagged With: Crossrail


text:
Rise of the Woke Taliban
Mario Loyola • 10/14/2021
The ascent of civilizations is a wondrous thing. On the way up, each generation produces treasures of its own, building on the achievements of those who came before. Alas, civilizations are like tides. Sooner or later they begin to recede. Often the tide rushes out even more quickly than it came in, and within a few generations, society has succumbed to a dark age of illiteracy, destruction, and despotism.
One of the first things to disappear is one's own history. The Acropolis at Athens was one of the centers of ancient Mycenaean civilization, which arose in the second millennium b.c. That civilization collapsed in an invasion of Dorian tribes around 1200 b.c. A dark age ensued during which letters were lost, and for 600 years no further construction was done at the Acropolis. By the time the dark age finally ended, at the dawning of Classical Greece, the Greeks had developed fantastical myths to explain the origins of those monuments, having forgotten that they themselves had built them.
Ancient Greece soon gave way to the more magnificent and modern civilization of Ancient Rome, but that civilization, too, collapsed. The barbarian Visigoths sacked Rome in 410 a.d., followed by the Huns, who like many other barbarian tribes had originated in Central Asia. As happened in Greece, letters were lost, and the Dark Ages began.
Much of the history, literature, and art of both Greece and Rome was preserved, thanks in no small part to Christian monks isolated in a few self-sustaining monasteries in the Alps and in Ireland, who thereby helped save the seeds of the future Renaissance and of the modern age in which we are blessed to live today.
At almost exactly the same time as the Huns were invading Italy, far to the east they were ruling over modern-day Afghanistan, where they had converted to Buddhism. Around the start of the seventh century they built two majestic statues of Buddha soaring more than ten stories tall.
A few months before the attacks of September 11, 2001, triggered by the statues' faces apparently, the Taliban dynamited them, destroying them forever.
Something eerily similar has been happening at America's finest universities. At Princeton, students armed with what Alexander Pope called "a little learning" were triggered by the discovery that Woodrow Wilson had late 19th-century attitudes on race; they invaded the president's office and demanded that Wilson's name be removed from the university that he did so much to advance. That he was the father of progressivism seems not to have mattered to these Woke Taliban. Perhaps they hadn't gotten that far in their history studies. Regardless, the university administration cravenly caved.
At the University of Michigan, opera professor Bright Sheng recently showed his students a 1965 film adaptation of Othello, perhaps the saddest and most perfect of Shakespeare's tragedies besides King Lear. Laurence Olivier wears blackface in the lead role (Othello is "The Moor of Venice") in a tradition tracing back to performance practices of Shakespeare's time five centuries ago, but this is not culturally acceptable today. As Robby Soave recounts in Reason, students immediately protested to the administration, specifically citing the absence of a "trigger warning." A fellow music professor chimed in that showing the film was in itself a racist act, regardless of Sheng's intentions. Sheng survived the Red Guards in China — young students indoctrinated to denounce counterrevolutionaries on Mao Zedong's behalf — only to encounter the Western version of them here in the United States. Sheng quickly apologized, but as you might expect, the apology was taken only as further evidence of his guilt.
At Yale Law School, a student was recently admonished for an offense that I don't even understand: He invited his fellows to a party at his place, which he referred to as his "traphouse." (I had never heard the expression before this week; Urban Dictionary gives: "Originally used to describe a crack house in a shady neighborhood, the word has since been abused by high school students who like to pretend they're cool by drinking their mom's beer together and saying they're part of a 'traphouse.'") If you're wondering who could possibly care what it means or that anyone used it in an email about a party, I'm with you, but there's another detail: The event was to be cosponsored by the conservative Federalist Society. The two things combined made Yale Law School briefly "unsafe" (one of those labels that is both accusation and conviction, like "counterrevolutionary"), whereupon the Commissar for Diversity advised the student to apologize, or else.
At my own alma mater, the University of Wisconsin, an event recently occurred that deserves some sort of prize for the most mind-numbingly idiotic cancellation of modern wokeness: Some students got riled up because a massive rock perhaps 2 billion years old that had stood prominently on Observatory Hill for most of the last 12,000 years was, at the time of its inauguration, described in a local newspaper by a racial slur. The rock, which had no control over how that person had described it, was promptly removed and is now in a safe place, like an ancient text in the library of a medieval monastery, waiting for the Dark Ages to pass. No explanation was given of why the offending newspaper article was allowed to survive the purge.
Read the full article at National Review.


text:
\section*{{\sc Preliminaries}}

\hspace{0.4cm}
{\bf Assumptions.}
A long time ago, the Great Programmer wrote a program that
runs all possible universes on His Big Computer.
``Possible'' means ``computable'':
(1) Each universe evolves on a discrete time scale.
(2) Any universe's state at a given time is
describable by a finite number of bits.
One of the many universes is ours, despite some who evolved
in it and claim it is incomputable.

{\bf Computable universes.}
Let $TM$ denote an arbitrary universal Turing machine
with unidirectional output tape. $TM$'s
input and output symbols are ``0'', ``1'', and ``,'' (comma).
$TM$'s possible input programs can be ordered alphabetically:
``'' (empty program),
``0'',
``1'',
``,'',
``00'',
``01'',
``0,'',
``10'',
``11'',
``1,'',
``,0'',
``,1'',
``,,'',
``000'', etc.
Let $A_k$ denote $TM$'s $k$-th program in this list.
Its output will be a finite or infinite string over the alphabet
$\{$ ``0'',``1'',``,''$\}$. This
sequence of bitstrings separated by commas
will be interpreted as
the evolution $E_k$
of universe $U_k$.
If $E_k$ includes at least one comma,
then let $U_k^l$
denote the $l$-th (possibly empty) bitstring
before the $l$-th comma.
$U_k^l$ represents $U_k$'s state at the $l$-th time step of $E_k$
($k, l \in \{1, 2, \ldots, \}$).
$E_k$ is represented
by the sequence $U_k^1, U_k^2,  \ldots$
where $U_k^1$ corresponds to $U_k$'s big bang.
Different algorithms may compute the same universe.
Some universes are finite (those whose programs
cease producing outputs at some point), others are not.
I don't know about ours.

{\bf TM not important.}
The choice of the Turing machine is not important.
This is due to the compiler theorem:
for each universal Turing machine $C$ there exists a constant prefix $\mu_C$
$\in \{$ ``0'',``1'',``,''$\}^*$
such that for all possible programs $p$, $C$'s output in response to
program $\mu_C p$ is identical to
$TM$'s output in response to $p$.
The prefix $\mu_C$ is the compiler that compiles programs for $TM$ into
equivalent programs for $C$.

{\bf Computing all universes.}
One way of sequentially computing all computable universes is
dove-tailing. $A_1$ is run for one instruction every second step, $A_2$ is
run for one instruction every second of the remaining steps, and so on.
Similar methods exist for computing many universes in parallel.
Each time step of each  universe that is computable by at least one
finite algorithm will eventually be computed.

{\bf Time.}
The Great Programmer does not worry about computation time.
Nobody presses Him.
Creatures which evolve in any of the universes don't have to worry
either. They run on local time and have no idea of how many instructions
it takes the Big Computer to compute one of their time steps, or how many
instructions it spends on all the other creatures in parallel universes.

\section*{{\sc Regular and Irregular Universes }}

\hspace{0.4cm}
{\bf Finite histories.}
Let $\mid x \mid$ denote the number of symbols in string $x$.
Let the partial history $S_k^{i,j}$ denote the substring between
the $i$-th and the $j$-th symbol of $E_k$, $j > i$.
$S_k^{i,j}$ is regular (or compressible, or non-random)
if the shortest program that computes $S_k^{i,j}$
(and nothing else)
{\em and halts} consists of less than $ \mid S_k^{i,j} \mid $ symbols.
Otherwise $S_k^{i,j}$ is irregular (incompressible, random).

{\bf Infinite histories.}
Similarly,
if some universe's evolution is infinite,
then it is compressible if it can be computed by a finite algorithm.

{\bf Most universes are irregular.}
The evolutions of almost all universes are incompressible.
There are $3^n$ strings of size $n$, but less than
$(1/3)^c * 3^{n} << 3^n$ algorithms
consisting of less than $n-c$ symbols
($c$ is a positive integer).
And for the infinite case, we observe:
the number of infinite symbol strings is incountable.
Only a negligible fraction (namely countably many of them)
can be computed by finite programs.

{\bf The few regular universes.}
There are a few compressible universes which can be computed by very
short algorithms, though. For instance, suppose that some $U_k$ evolves according
to physical laws that tell us how to compute next states from previous states.
All we need to compute $U_k$'s evolution is  $U_k^1$ and the algorithm that computes
$U_k^{i+1}$ from $U_k^i$ ($i \in \{1, 2, \ldots, \}$).

{\bf Noise?}
Apparently, we live in one of the few  highly regular universes.
Each electron appears to behave the same way.
Dropped breads of butter regularly hit the floor, not the ceiling.
There appear to be deviations from regularity, however,
embodied by what we call noise.
Although certain macroscopic properties (such as pressure in a
gas container) are predictable by physicists,
microscopic properties (such as precise particle positions) seem
subject to noisy fluctuations. Noise represents additional information
absent in the original physical laws.  Uniform noise is
incompressible --- there is no short algorithm that computes it and
nothing else.

{\bf Noise does not necessarily prevent compressibility.}
Laws currently used by physicists to model our own universe model
noise.  Based on Schr\"{o}dinger's equation,
they are  only conditional probability
distributions on possible next states, given previous states.
The evolution of Schr\"{o}dinger's wave function (WF) itself can be computed by
a very compact algorithm (given the quantizability assumptions in the first
paragraph of this paper) --- WF is just a short formula.
Whenever WF collapses in a particular way, however, the
resulting actual state represents additional information (noise) not conveyed
by the algorithm describing the initial state (big bang) and WF.
Still, since the noise
obviously is non-uniform (due to the nature of the physical laws and
WF), our universe's evolution so far is greatly compressible. How?
Well, there is a comparatively short algorithm that
simply codes probable next states by few bits,
and unlikely next states by many bits,
as suggested by standard information
theory \cite{Shannon:48}.

{\bf More regularity than we think?}
The longer the shortest program computing a given universe,
the more random it is.
To certain observers, certain universes appear partly
random although they aren't.
There may be at least two reasons for this:

{\bf 1. Shortest algorithm cannot be found.}
It can be shown that
there is no algorithm that can generate the shortest
program for computing arbitrary given data on a given computer
\cite{Kolmogorov:65,Solomonoff:64,Chaitin:87}.
In particular, our physicists cannot expect to find the
most compact description of our universe.

{\bf 2. Additional problems of the Heisenberg type.}
Heisenberg tells us that we cannot even observe the precise, current state of a
single electron, let alone our universe. In our particular
universe, our actions seem to influence our measurements in a fundamentally
unpredictable way.
This does not mean that there is no predictable
underlying computational process (whose precise results we cannot access).
In fact, rules that hold for observers who are
part of a given universe and evolved according to its
laws need not hold outside of it.  There is no reason to believe that
the Great Programmer cannot dump a universe and examine its precise state at any
given time, just because the creatures that evolved in it cannot because their
measurements modify their world.

{\bf How much true randomness?}
Is there ``true'' randomness in our universe,
in addition to the simple physical laws?
True randomness essentially means
that there is no short algorithm computing ``the precise collapse of the
wave function'', and what is perceived as noise by today's physicists.
In fact, if our universe was infinite, and there was true randomness,
then it could not be computed by a finite algorithm that computes nothing
else.  Our fundamental inability to perceive
our universe's state does {\em not} imply its true randomness, though.
For instance, there may be a very short algorithm computing the positions
of electrons lightyears apart in a way that seems like noise to
us but actually is highly regular.

\section*{{\sc  All Universes are Cheaper Than Just One}}

In general, computing all evolutions of all universes is
much cheaper in terms of information requirements than computing just
one particular, arbitrarily chosen evolution. Why?
Because the Great Programmer's algorithm that systematically
enumerates and runs all universes
(with all imaginable types of physical laws, wave functions, noise etc.)
is {\em very} short (although it takes time).
On the other hand,
computing just one particular universe's  evolution (with, say, one particular
instance of noise), without computing the others,
tends to be very expensive,
because almost all individual universes are
incompressible, as has been shown above.
More is less!

{\bf Many worlds.}
Suppose there is true (incompressible) noise
in state transitions of our particular world evolution.
The noise conveys additional information
besides the one for initial state and physical laws.
But from the Great Programmer's point of view, almost no extra
information (nor, equivalently, a random generator) is required.
Instead of computing just one of the many possible evolutions of
a probabilistic universe with fixed laws but random noise of a
certain (e.g., Gaussian)  type, the Great Programmer's
simple program computes them all.
An automatic  by-product of the Great Programmer's set-up is
the well-known ``many worlds hypothesis'', \copyright  Everett III.
According to it, whenever our
universe's quantum mechanics allows for alternative next paths,
all are taken and the world splits into separate universes.
From the Great Programmer's view, however,
there are no real splits --- there are just a bunch of
different algorithms which yield identical results for some time, until
they start computing different outputs corresponding to different noise
in different universes.

From an esthetical point of view that favors simple explanations
of everything, a set-up in which all possible
universes are computed instead of just ours
is more attractive. It is simpler.

\section*{{\sc Are we Run by a Short Algorithm? }}

Since our universes' history so far is regular,
it by itself {\em could} have been computed by a
relatively short algorithm.
Essentially, this algorithm embodies the physical
laws plus the information about the historical noise.
But there are many algorithms whose output sequences start with our
universe's history so far. Most of them are very long.
How likely is it now that our universe is indeed run by a short algorithm?
To attempt an answer, we need a prior probability on the possible
algorithms.  The obvious candidate  is the ``universal prior''.

{\bf Universal prior.}
Define $P_U(s)$, the {\em a priori probability} of a finite symbol
string $s$ (such as the one representing our universe's history so far),
as the probability of guessing a halting program
that computes $s$ on a universal Turing machine
$U$. Here, the way of guessing is defined
by the following procedure:
initially, the input tape consists of a single square.
Whenever the scanning head of the program tape shifts
to the right, do: (1) Append a new square.
(2) With probability $\frac{1}{3}$ fill it with a ``0'';
with probability $\frac{1}{3}$ fill it with a ``1'';
with probability $\frac{1}{3}$ fill it with a ``,''.
Programs are ``self-delimiting''
\cite{Levin:74,Chaitin:87}
--- once $U$ halts due
to computations based on
the randomly chosen symbols (the program) on its input tape,
there won't be any additional program symbols.
We obtain
\[
P_U(s) = \sum_{p: U~computes~s~from~p~and~halts} (\frac{1}{3})^{\mid p \mid}.
\]
Clearly,
the sum of all probabilities of all halting programs cannot exceed 1
(no halting program can be the prefix of another one).
But certain programs may lead to
non-halting computations.

Under different universal priors (based on different universal
machines), probabilities of a given string
differ by no more than a constant factor independent of the
string size, due to the compiler
theorem (the constant factor corresponds to the probability of
guessing a compiler).
This justifies the name ``{\em universal}  prior,''
also known as Solomonoff-Levin distribution.

{\bf Dominance of shortest programs.}
It can be shown (the proof is non-trivial) that
the probability of
guessing any of the programs computing some string
and the probability of
guessing one of its shortest programs
are essentially equal (they differ by no more than a constant factor
depending on the particular Turing machine).
The probability of a string is dominated by the probabilities of its
shortest programs. This is known as the ``coding theorem''  \cite{Levin:74}.
Similar coding theorems exist for the case of non-halting programs
which cease requesting additional input symbols at a certain point.

Now back to our question: are we run by a relatively compact algorithm?
So far our universe {\em could} have been run by one ---
its history {\em could} have been much noisier and thus much less
compressible. Hence universal prior and coding theorems suggest that the
algorithm is indeed short. If it is, then there will be less than
maximal randomness in our future, and more than vanishing predictability.
We may hope that our universe will remain regular, as opposed to
drifting off into irregularity.

\section*{{\sc Life in a Given Universe}}

\hspace{0.4cm}
{\bf Recognizing life.}
What is life? The answer depends on the observer.
For instance, certain substrings of $E_k$ may be interpretable
as the life of a living thing $L_k$ in $U_k$.
Different observers will have different views, though. What's life to
one observer will be noise to another. In particular, if the observer
is not like the Great Programmer but
also inhabits $U_k$, then its own life may
be representable by a similar substring.
Assuming that recognition implies relating observations to previous knowledge,
both  $L_k$'s and the observer's life will have to
share mutual algorithmic information \cite{Chaitin:87}:
there will be a comparatively
short algorithm computing $L_k$'s from the observer's life, and vice versa.

Of course, creatures living in a given universe don't
have to have any idea of the symbol strings by which they
are represented.

{\bf Possible limitations of the Great Programmer.}
He does not need not be very smart. For instance, in some of His
universes phenomena will appear that humans would call life.
The Great Programmer won't have to be able to recognize them.

{\bf The Great Programmer reappears.}
Several of the Great Programmer's universes
will feature another Great Programmer who programs another Big Computer
to run all possible universes. Obviously, there are infinite chains of
Great Programmers. If our own universe allowed for enough storage,
enough time, and fault-free computing, then you could be one of them.

\section*{{\sc Generalization and Learning}}

\hspace{0.4cm}
{\bf In general, generalization is impossible.}
Given the history of a particular universe up to a given
time, there are infinitely many possible continuations.
Most of these continuations have nothing to do with the previous history.
To see this, suppose we have observed
a partial history $S_k^{i,j}$ (the substring between
the $i$-th and the $j$-th symbol of $E_k$).
Now we want to generalize from previous
experience to predict
$S_k^{j+1,l}$, $l > j$.
To do this, we need an algorithm that computes $S_k^{j+1,l}$ from $S_k^{i,j}$
($S_k^{i,j}$ may be stored on a separate, additional
input tape for an appropriate
universal Turing machine).
There are $3^{l - j}$ possible futures.
But for $c < l - j$, there are less than $(1/3)^c * 3^{l - j}$ algorithms
with less than $l - j - c$ bits computing such a future,
given $S_k^{i,j}$.
Hence in most cases
the shortest algorithm computing the future, given the past,
won't be much shorter than the
shortest algorithm computing the future from nothing.
Both will have about the size of the entire future.
In other words, the mutual algorithmic information between history
and future will be zero.
As a consequence, in most universes (those that can be computed by
long algorithms only), successful generalization from previous experience is
not possible. Neither is inductive transfer.
This simple insight is related to
results in \cite{Wolpert:96}.

{\bf Learning.}
Given the above, since learning means to use previous experience
to improve future performance, learning is possible only in
the few regular universes
(no learning without compressibility).
On the other hand, regularity by itself is not sufficient
to allow for learning. For instance, there is a highly compressible and
regular universe represented
by ``,,,,,,,...''. It is too simple to allow for processes we would
be willing to call learning.

In what follows, I will assume that a regular universe
is complex enough to allow for
identifying certain permanent data structures of a general learner
to be described below.  For convenience,
I will abstract from bitstring models, and instead talk about
environments, rewards, stacks etc. Of course, all these abstract
concepts are representable as bitstrings.

{\bf Scenario.}
In general, the learner's life is limited.
To it, time will be important (not to the Great Programmer though).
Suppose its life in environment $\cal E$
lasts from time 0 to unknown time $T$.
In between it repeats the following cycle
over and over again ($\cal A$  denotes a set of possible actions):
select and execute $a \in \cal A$ with probability $P( a \mid \cal E )$,
where the modifiable policy $P$ is a variable,
conditional probability distribution on the possible actions,
given current $\cal E$.
Action $a$ will consume time and may change $\cal E$ and $P$.
Actions that modify $P$ are called primitive learning algorithms (PLAs).
$P$ influences the way $P$ is modified (``self-modification'').
{\em Policy modification processes} (PMPs)
are action subsequences that include PLAs.
The $i$-th PMP in system life is denoted {\em PMP}$_i$,
starts at time $s_i > 0$,  ends at $e_i < T$, $e_i > s_i$,
and computes a sequence of $P$-modifications denoted $M_i$.
Both $s_i$ and $e_i$ are computed dynamically
by special instructions in $\cal A$
executed according to $P$ itself: $P$ says when to start and end PMPs.

Occasionally $\cal E$ provides
real-valued reward.  The cumulative reward obtained in between
time 0 and time $t > 0$ is denoted by $R(t)$ (where $R(0) = 0$).
At each PMP-start $s_i$ the learner's goal is to
use experience to generate $P$-modifications to
accelerate future reward intake.
Assuming that reward acceleration is possible at all,
given $E$ and $\cal A$, how can the learner achieve it?
I will describe a rather general way of doing so.

{\bf The success-story criterion.}
Each PMP-start time $s_i$ will trigger an evaluation
of the system's performance so far.
Since $s_i$ is computed according to $P$,
$P$ incorporates information
about when to evaluate itself.
Evaluations may cause
policy modifications to be undone (by restoring
the previous policy --- in practical implementations,
this requires to store previous values of modified
policy components on a stack).
At a given PMP-start $t$ in the learner's life,
let $V(t)$ denot the set of those previous $s_i$ whose
corresponding $M_i$ have not
been undone yet.  If $V(t)$ is not empty,
then let $v_i ~~ (i \in \{1, 2, \ldots, \mid V(t) \mid \}$
denote the $i$-th such time, ordered according to size.
The success-story criterion
SSC is satisfied if either $V(t)$ is empty (trivial case) or if
\[
\frac{R(t)}{t}
<
\frac{R(t) - R(v_1)}{t - v_1}
<
\frac{R(t) - R(v_2)}{t - v_2}
<
\ldots
<
\frac{R(t) - R(v_{ \mid V(t) \mid }) }{t - v_{\mid V(t) \mid}}.
\]
SSC essentially says that
each surviving $P$-modification corresponds
to a long term reward acceleration.
Once SSC is satisfied, the learner
continues to act and learn
until the next PMP-start.
Since there may be arbitrary reward delays in response
to certain action subsequences, it is important that
$\cal A$  indeed includes actions for
delaying performance evaluations --- the learner will have
to learn when to trigger evaluations.
Since the success of a policy modification recursively depends on the
success of later modifications for which it is setting the stage,
the framework provides a basis for ``learning how to learn''.
Unlike with previous learning paradigms, the entire life is considered
for performance evaluations.  Experiments in
\cite{Schmidhuber:97bias,Schmidhuber:97ssa}
show the paradigm's practical feasibility.
For instance, in \cite{Schmidhuber:97bias}
$\cal A$ includes an extension of Levin search \cite{Levin:84}
for generating the PMPs.

\section*{{\sc Philosophy}}

\hspace{0.4cm}
{\bf Life after death.}
Members of certain religious sects expect resurrection of the dead in a paradise
where lions and lambs cuddle each other. There is a possible continuation
of our world where they will be right. In other possible continuations, however,
lambs will attack lions.

According to the computability-oriented view adopted in this paper,
life after death is a technological problem, not a religious one.
All that is necessary for some human's resurrection is to record his
defining parameters (such as brain connectivity and synapse properties etc.),
and then dump them into a large computing device computing an appropriate
virtual paradise. Similar things have been suggested by
various science fiction authors.
At the moment of this writing, neither appropriate
recording devices nor computers of sufficient size exist. There is
no fundamental reason, however, to believe that they won't exist in
the future.

{\bf Body and soul.}
More than 2000 years of European philosophy dealt
with the distinction between body and soul.
The Great Programmer does not care.
The processes that correspond to our brain firing patterns and the
sound waves they provoke during discussions about body and soul
correspond to computable substrings of our universe's evolution.
Bitstrings representing such talk may evolve in many universes.
For instance, sound wave patterns representing notions
such as body and soul and ``consciousness'' may be useful in
everyday language of certain inhabitants of those universes.
From the view of the Great Programmer, though,  such
bitstring subpatterns may be entirely irrelevant.
There is no need for Him to load them with ``meaning''.

{\bf Talking about the incomputable.}
Although we live in a computable universe, we occasionally chat
about incomputable things, such as the halting probability  of a
universal Turing machine (which is closely related to G\"{o}del's
incompleteness theorem). And we sometimes discuss inconsistent
worlds in which, say, time travel is possible. Talk about such
worlds, however, does not violate the consistency of the processes
underlying it.

{\bf Conclusion.}
By stepping back and adopting the Great Programmer's point of view,
classic problems of philosophy go away.

\section*{{\sc Acknowledgments}}
Thanks to Christof Schmidhuber for interesting discussions on
wave functions, string theory, and possible universes.

\bibliographystyle{plain}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


A singularly bright antique Diamond stick pin. The dear little twinkler is an old hand cut Georgian period early brilliant which had a previous life as part of an older piece of jewellery and has been set in the Victorian period as a charming little stick pin (we can tell from the remains of the past setting seen to the back of the stone). The Georgian setting is of the 'pinched collet' type in silver and it has been mounted on a 9ct rose gold pin. In the original box, a touching gift and keepsake.
The pin measures just over two inches in length.


How do you leverage one of the world's best-known brands in a pure commodity market? Grab the corporate branding and draw out a category-specific insight: It turned out that only GE could deliver the attributes to boost end-use performance. That equals value. Value only GE�s R&D could deliver�at warp speed.


text:
Surprise Encounters with Artists and Scientists,
Whales and Other Things
Scott McVay
Writer, Grant-maker, Conservationist
Scott McVay, Speaker, and Owen Leach, Introducer
Welcome to this morning's talk by Scott McVay. The book of the above title was first suggested by one of Scott's Princeton classmates on a trip to Morocco, at Rick's Bar in Casablanca. Scott was recounting stories, as only he can, and his friend said, "You need to write these down," which over the next three years he proceeded to do.
Scott has had a fascinating career that has included leadership of both the Robert Sterling Clark and Geraldine Rockefeller Dodge Foundations, as president of the Chautauqua Institute, as chief executive of the World Wildlife Fund and included service for many years as recording secretary at Princeton University, working closely with then-president Robert F. Goheen. He also had a long association with the Communication Research Institute in Florida, which involved the study of language among dolphins, porpoises and whales when Scott collaborated with a noted mathematician to discover the secrets of whale songs. Today's talk, the third he has given at Old Guard meetings over the past 42 years, draws on 152 "encounters" with rich, famous, brilliant and lucky people – and creatures – who have touched his life and doubtless been touched by him.
His book includes 152 chapters – call them "vignettes" – and his intention this morning is to highlight for all of us a dozen or so of his favorites. Unfortunately, for us at least, he hasn't referred specifically to any of the brief chapters or observed that that those who write their own stories see fewer doctors! Capturing adequately the stories he recalled was anything but easy to do.
His opening story had to do with his association with the 8th Infantry Division in Texas, where he observed that the troops could smoke or talk, but couldn't read. The troops, he said, "like to hear their own voices!"
In his second vignette, he talked about President Ronald Reagan and his Presidential Scholars. Reagan acknowledged that he was never a very good student at Eureka College, but gave a great speech once while traveling in China and announced that God was on his side!
The focus in his third vignette was to "Alpha" and "Beta" monkeys at the Kyoto Primate Research Institute in Japan where he concluded that older monkeys certainly learn more slowly than younger monkeys!
His next favorite citation had to do more seriously with the International Whaling Commission during the 1970s and his close association with Interior Secretary Russell Train, Princeton '41, who was unable in 1975 to halt the Japanese and Soviet whale kills worldwide.
Given his lengthy association with Princeton and president Robert F. Goheen on complex issues like coeducation and the Vietnam War, he was more than amused when President Goheen once said, "A little holy water here and a little holy water there!"
Scott enjoyed a brief association with the Chautauqua Institute, where summer baseball was highlighted, but wondered who could have ever imagined there not being a "Poetry Window" in the chapel!
And there was another reference to Chautauqua, in 2003, when Princetonian Georgia Nugent '73 was provost at Kenyon and wrote that to become a hero in Greece in the old days you had to be killed by Homer!
In another of his 152 vignettes, he asked whom people looked up to and wondered about Isaac Asimov. But his own response was Marvin Minsky, the father of artificial intelligence.
He devoted a chapter to Thomas Kean, Princeton '57, who served as New Jersey governor and for a number of years as president of Drew University, but cautioned his friends never to ask "if I'm running for president of the United States."
In 2000, Scott touched on one of the Alumni Council's reunion panels when George Bush was challenging Al Gore for president and in colloquial Russian was quoted as saying, "Hey, Big Boy, watch out and back off" and then said publicly, "Good basketball is also a head game!"
In an essay on artists, Scott announced one year that he wanted to observe creation in 2001 at Chautauqua as predicted by Stanley Kunitz. Kunitz responded by saying one can visit any three points having to do with creation -- tomorrow, tomorrow and tomorrow!
At a well-documented tribute in 1985 at the Woods Hole Research Center in Massachusetts, which included the environmentalist George Woodwell, John Steinbeck and others, Woodwell was invited to say a few words and responded, "You want me to speak….No thanks!"
And then Scott concluded his random observations with comments about the abuse of many funeral homes, as observed by Peter Putnam, Princeton '42, a long-time resident of Tigertown. "It's unfortunate," he said," "that too often a 6'3" body is placed in a 6' casket with the result that we have to flex the knees or cut off the feet!"
There were several questions afterward by Owen Leach and Dave Fulmer and generous acknowledgement that Scott had had the good fortune to interact with numerous celebrated writers and scientists over the years, and that we should all endeavor to keep our stories as close as possible to the facts. It was clear to all in attendance that Scott had very much enjoyed recounting so many of the tales that he'd included in his book and hoped we'd all enjoy reading the entire book.
Faithfully submitted,
Jotham Johnson '64


At the moment, I'm currently scribbling out ideas of what I want IADW to feature next year. Ideas are highlighted, ideas are crossed out, all with juice and cookies heavily on hand. One artist also reshaping his online presence for the New Year is Adi Granov.
The Marvel mainstay is getting ready to bring his unique style to a revamped adigranov.net and if it's anything like it's Tumblr predesscessor, it's going to be a great resource of not only finished work, but behind the scenes snapshots as well. In other words, artistic gold, even if his name says otherwise - isn't that right Mr Radd?
Now i know Mike Allred has already been cast as artist for next year's Silver Surfer series, but if he ever gets RSI for thirty odd days, this piece has to staple in Adi as a serious alternative.
It's the true sign of a distinctive pro, that they can take a common sight such as the Surfer standing in front of earth, make it seem freshly their own, and not just a homage to the likes of John Buscema.
As you can see, Adi doesn't do all the heavy lifting in the digital arena. His pencils are so tight, the face and tonal work are finished before colour even hits the art - if anything the digital work only enhances the strong line work beneath!
What do you think? Keep an eye on adigranov.net for more cosmic Adi art!
OH I hear you Dan! I know Adi's not the quickest of artists when it comes to put out monthlies, but I definitely second that request that he be put on the book. Hell, he can just do covers. That'll suffice right?
If he drew covers here Dale it would be the best thing since Hughes did Wonder Woman. That's a 'flash fact'.
Was just reading Silver surfer last night, the Annihilation spin-off from 2006.
Could this Adi [never heard of him till now] be the new Surfer artist on his new series?
Re Adam Hughes's WW...a pity his WW Year One has been officially cancelled - but then he never got round to it, having promoted it for six years now[!]. Loved his style of WW but what I didn't rate were her baggy boots he drew on her.
It would be awesome if he was Karl. Adi drew the interiors to Warren Ellis's relaunch of Iron Man, as well as providing covers. Thats when I first saw his art. Now I have an album of his work on pinterest and escape into it often be the subject Hawkeye or War Machine.
I really dug Diana's boots! I even tried to copy drawing that style - and how he drew hair - but you'd still buy a few copies if I drew Wonder Woman wouldn't you?


There is an extraordinary timeless quality to Burma's (Myanmar's) Irrawaddy River, also known as the Ayeyarwady. The kings of medieval Bagan would almost certainly recognise its riverbank life today: the bullock carts and ox-ploughs, the tiered pagodas atop rambling teak monasteries, and the villages of thatched homes raised on stilts, each with a dugout slung beneath for when the summer monsoon turns the dirt lanes into waterways.
The Irrawaddy bisects Burma, rising among Himalayan glaciers and flowing freely for 1,348 miles across a wide alluvial plain into the Indian Ocean.
Navigable for much of its length (unfettered by dams, though these are on the way), it remains a crucial commercial and transport artery, such is the parlous state of Burma's roads.
Most river cruises start from Mandalay and sail either south to Bagan or north to Katha. If the river is high, and ethnic tensions low, some ships carry on to Bhamo near the Chinese border. In both directions you will discover a deeply spiritual and traditional way of life that is only now opening up to the outside world.
Each day on the river begins with the sound of devotional chanting from waterside monasteries, surely one of the most beautiful wake-up calls in the world. In its middle reaches, the Irrawaddy is a good half-mile wide and just a few feet deep, its waters eddying around sand islands where farmers plant peanuts and sesame and their wives thwack the family's wash against the rocks. You'll pass local ferries so laden with passengers and cargo that sinking seems a real possibility. Nearer the shore, fishing canoes bob along precariously like paper boats.
The stretch between Mandalay and Bagan is rich in cultural treasures including several former royal capitals. Stops usually include a walk through the pagoda-studded Sagaing hills, sunset at photogenic U Bein Bridge, built from a thousand teak logs, and a pony-and-trap ride through sleepy Inwa (Ava) to admire the glorious woodcarvings at Bagaya monastery.
Along the way, in villages and markets, you will meet some of the most generous and endearing people in the world.
The World Heritage Site of Bagan, one of Asia's most impressive, is the grand finale: more than 2,000 temples, monasteries and pagodas built by megalomaniac kings from the ninth century onwards. Some contain superb frescoes of everyday life; others have giant statues of the Buddha. To grasp the scale of this medieval capital, it's worth taking to the air on a dawn balloon flight.
Fewer tourists head upstream from Mandalay but there is much to reward the inquisitive, with more time spent in villages including Nwe Nyein, where potters make 50-gallon water pots on hand-turned wheels with the ease of years of practice. To the north lies Katha, setting for Burmese Days, George Orwell's scathing attack on empire based on his time here as a policeman. His gloomy red-brick house and the former British club still stand in this sleepy small town.
Beyond Katha the river narrows to pass through a series of "defiles" that echo with the chatter of birds and gibbons in trees hung with rare orchids.
If you are lucky you will see rare river dolphin playing in the ship's wake. The sound of a car or a truck is a rarity here. To explore these upper reaches is to travel back in time to the Asia of yesteryear.
The best time is October-March, when river levels and the humidity are lower. Expect daytime highs of around 86F (30C) but evenings are pleasantly balmy and rain is rare. Avoid Chinese New Year (the week of February 8 in 2016) when the country is swamped with tour groups.
Thai Airways (0844 561 0911; thaiairways.co.uk) has the best flight timings: departing London Heathrow at 12.30pm, arriving in Yangon at 8.50am; journey time is 15 hours via Bangkok. The cheapest return fare is currently £600 but this can rise to around £900 for winter departures.
There are also daily flights from Bangkok direct to Mandalay with Bangkok Airways (bangkokair.com); returns from £150.
The most visited stretch of the river is from Bagan to Katha. Tour operators can tailor land extensions to tie in with cruise departures. Most cruise companies wrap up Bagan's sightseeing in a day but add two more days to see all the important temples. If river cruising is not your thing, the riverside royal capitals of Sagaing, Inwa (Ava) and Amarapura can easily be visited by taxi from Mandalay.
Pandaw (0208 326 5620; pandawexpeditions.co.uk) pioneered river cruises on the Irrawaddy in the Nineties, replicating the handsome polished teak and brass looks of the original Irrawaddy Flotilla Company steamers. There's a big choice of itineraries. Opt for its Bagan and the Upper Irrawaddy itinerary, which takes in village Burma and Orwell's Katha as well as the classic sights: 10 nights from £3,595 per person full board including flight from the UK.
The sumptuous 40-cabin Belmond Road to Mandalay (0845 077 2222; belmond.com) is the river's grande dame on the Mandalay-Bagan section; a two-night cruise costs from £962 per person full board. Its smaller sister-ship, Orcaella, offers one-week cruises from Bagan to Yangon, including a stop at the ancient city of Sri Kestra near Pyay, recently recognised as a Unesco World Heritage Site.
Book a journey on either Belmond ship before the end of October and take advantage of a special offer of two free nights at Yangon's best hotel, the Belmond Governor's Residence, and $100 (£65) on-board credit.
Smaller 21-cabin Sanctuary Ananda (0207 004 2345; sanctuaryretreats.com), launched last November, has the largest suites on the river, each with floor-to-ceiling windows and a private balcony. It operates July-April; a three-night Mandalay-Bagan cruise costs from £714 per person full board. Abercrombie & Kent (01242 547 760; abercrombiekent.co.uk) can include the ship in bespoke tours of Burma.
Burma specialist Selective Asia (01273 670 001; selectiveasia.com) can arrange day boats on the Irrawaddy between Mandalay and Bagan, including private charters, as part of its Essential Myanmar tour: 14 nights from £2,795 b&b per person, based on three-star hotels, including flight from the UK.
There are day boats between Mandalay and Bagan. It costs $40 for the 10-hour journey (myanmarrivercruises.com) and Shwe Keinnery has the most deck space. Public boats ply long stretches of the Irrawaddy but they are often overloaded and get stuck on sandbars. Immigration officers often refuse foreigners permission to visit places with no tourist-approved guesthouses.
Local agent Robert Win Ko Ko (myanmargoldenglorioustravel.com) can book locally owned boats, trains accommodation, flights and transfers.
Book an east-facing cabin (port downstream, starboard upstream) to avoid the strong afternoon sun.
The river flows fast, especially in autumn, so choosing a downstream cruise will give more time at sites.
Book a hot-air balloon over Bagan before your visit to ensure a space.
Look out for discounts on river cruise sailings within two months of departure date.
All Pandaw's ships and the Belmond Road to Mandalay offer no-single-supplement cabins on all sailings.
Obtain a tourist e-Visa online through evisa.moip.gov.mm. Fee is $50; allow five working days to process. The e-Visa Approval Letter is valid for 90 days from issue.
Loose cotton, linen or viscose clothing; most hotels have a 24-hour laundry service.
Easy slip-off shoes or sandals.
A folding umbrella for showers and noon sun.
A torch with a strong beam, as temple interiors are poorly lit.
Binoculars to watch riverbank life.
Exercise books, pens and story books for schools; English audio books for teachers to help their pronunciation.
Bug spray (RID sold through safari-store.co.uk is the best).
Anti-bacterial wipes for polishing cups and glasses in tea-houses.
The Pandaw Story by Paul Strachan tells the history of the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company.
Defiled on the Ayeyarwaddy recounts Ma Thanegi's journey on local boats.
The River of Lost Footsteps by Thant Myint-U looks into Burma's history.
George Orwell's Burmese Days is based on his experiences in Katha.
Sacred Sites of Burma by Donald M Stadtner is a superb introduction to Buddhist sites along the Irrawaddy.
The Rough Guide to Myanmar is the best practical guidebook.
ATMs and credit cards are slowly coming into use but Burma remains largely a cash society. Take US dollars (larger denominations preferred). It is essential that notes are in mint condition with no folds, tears or marks of any kind as they will be refused – even in banks. Use your right hand to proffer money to avoid giving offence.
Burma is a conservative society and the Burmese regard sleeveless T-shirts and shorts – on men and women – as underwear. Dressing respectfully also means showing no cleavage or bare shoulders and avoiding see-through skirts and leggings. Shoes and socks must be removed in temple precincts.
Tipping is not expected outside of top hotels and restaurants, where 10 per cent is usual. Temple guardians will look for a small tip if they offer an extra service. Crew tips are usually included in the cruise package except guides (£3 per person per day) and coach drivers (£2 per person per day).
There's no international roaming but hotels have slow Wi-Fi connections.
Lacquerware is the big buy; U Ba Nyein in New Bagan is recommended. Ask to see the "special room" where the best-quality pieces are kept.


Annie is going to a glamorous party with her boyfriend and she wants this night to turn out perfect. Help her pick the most stunning look! You can start the makeover with some glittery makeup products. Pick a new color for this lady's eyes! Then, you can change her hairstyle as well. Now, she looks like a completely new person! It's time to play dress up! Enter her wardrobe and you will be amazed by all of the elegant gowns that this girl owns. Pick the cutest dress and use your fashion skills to find the right jewelry. Annie's boyfriend will be waiting for her, so choose a look that will impress him!


Your cash troubles are addressed with Title Loans Groveport. We make it simple to obtain accepted for the people of Groveport who have actually been influenced by bad credit or who could have no credit at all. Making use of the title to your truck, van or vehicle, Title Loans Groveport can provide you with a loan using your cars equity as security. It only takes a minute to complete the application on this page. As soon as completed, you will receive a call with in the hour to evaluate your information and loan approval. Complete the application now and get your loan accepted today!
To get started with the title loan process fill out the application on this page. The application is of no commitment. You submit the information asked for and then we get to work. We develop a profile for you that will offer us a keynote of exactly how much your car is worth. As soon as we have a loan amount we will call you up and tell you just how much you might barrow. You have the choices to accept the full value of your vehicle with Title Loans Groveport, or you can take just the quantity you require.
In order to get accepted for Title Loans in Groveport you have to have a few things. You have to be able to prove you are certainly the vehicle owner by offering a valid government issued ID card. You have to have a complimentary and clear vehicle title or have less then 6 months remaining on the loan. There needs to be some kind of evidence of income. Things like special needs, retirement, unemployment, pay check stubs, or a depend on fund are all appropriate forms of proof. Certainly the car in which will be made use of for the title loan is required to have legitimate insurance policy and registration. Last however not least, Title Loans Groveport should be offered an energy costs to show evidence of residency.
There are numerous different title loans companies on the internet, none with the credibility and experience as Title Loans Groveport. That's why we have been voted Americas preferred same day lending agency. No various other title loan company can get you accepted and have the money in your hands within 30 minutes. It can truly take place that quick so long as you have all the correct products it takes to get approved. Within just a couple of minutes you can get pre-approved by completing the form on this web page. We receive the online title loans application and instantly see if your automobile has sufficient value to get you authorized. The loan amount is all based upon the cars value. We take the make, model, and mileage of your vehicle, truck, SUV, or van and discover precisely what the fair auction market value is. The reasonable market auction value of your auto is exactly how we determine the amount of cash you can barrow.
With Title Loans Groveport throughout the entirety of your automobile title loan you can keep the car to drive. After you have actually made all repayments we will provide you back complete ownership of your automobile title. Title Loans Groveport urges our clients to make accountable payments on time. Take advantage of this simple way to obtain an opportunity to construct up your credit. Go to the title loans application on this page and fill it out to see just how much money you can get. At Title Loans Groveport as long as your car is worth $1,000 or even more you are more then likely going to get authorized!


If you have found our site, you have found an exciting way to enjoy all the events you have been waiting to see without paying hefty prices. At our site, we make do without conventional marketing, thus running the risk of being inaccessible to potential customers. But cutting down on advertising is precisely what helps us to offer the cheapest tickets for Scott Stapp Baltimore MD and other exciting events. You can now enjoy Scott Stapp Baltimore MD and other popular shows and events even with a tight budget! Its the word-of-mouth advertizing that keeps us going, so do tell your friends about us! No more delaying the excitement!
At our site, we keep our costs low so we are able to offer the lowest prices on tickets for the most sought after events, events such as Scott Stapp Baltimore MD. You never see an extravagant advertisement campaign for our site. Instead, we rely on hundreds of customers who pass along news of our exciting offers to their friends. With the best deals on the choicest events, you will find yourself savoring all the live shows and sporting events you have ever dreamed of! Try our site now and let the excitement begin!
Q:Should i buy scott stapp baltimore tickets onsale?
A:You can easily buy discounted Scott Stapp Baltimore Md Tickets at our website. Simply browse the specific event page on our website and you will find our special offers and discount packages. Avail these offers to get the best possible prices for your tickets.


Game Design Program Ranked #13!
SugarCRM has donated $5,000 to the department in support of the Sr. Design Center.
The RTP Chapter of SIM has donated $1,623 to the department in support of the Society for Information Management (SIM) Ed Galloway Scholarship Endowment.
CSC alum Keith Collins and his wife Margie, have donated $5,000 to benefit the Diversity in Computer Science Scholarship Endowment.
SAB emeritus member, Donald Thompson Jr., has donated $2,500 to benefit the Diversity in Computer Science Scholarship Endowment.
IBM has awarded IBM Faculty Awards to Drs. Tim Menzies and Dave Roberts. The unrestricted awards, valued at $40,000 each, are intended to support their respective teaching and research efforts.
Dr. Xipeng Shen received a research award from IBM Canada of $22,500.


Since the Global Crisis, a key ingredient of reforms has been to force over-the-counter contracts to be traded in more transparent exchange-like settings. The aim has been to reduce the cost of trading such instruments and make markets more resilient. This column analyses the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act in the US on the market for vanilla interest rate swaps. The introduction of swap execution facilities trading is associated with a significant improvement in swap market liquidity. This suggests that Europe may see similar benefits from centralising swap trading, though it remains to be seen how these markets will operate in more volatile times.
Will the US Dodd-Frank Act work? This column argues that unless institutional oversight shifts from the current fragmented structure to a federal one, the Dodd-Frank reforms could be prevented from having any significant positive effect on the surveillance of the financial system.


Rob Braxman Tech Periscope User Stats This is Rob Braxman Techs periscope stats website page.
This is Rob Braxman Techs periscope stats website page.
Rob Braxman Tech created profile on 2015-07-27 Time 16:44:48 and last update profile time is .
Rob Braxman Tech total followers is 30413 and Rob Braxman Tech total following is 1891 .
Rob Braxman Tech twitter nickname is .
I'm showing a live hack — antivirus is running! #tech hidden secrets - adult beverages included!


text:
Flour Giant has closed its flour factory in Samsun! Stock market shares have peaked!
In a statement on the matter, the company announced that production in Tekkeköy has been stopped starting June 16, 2022 to use resources more efficiently.
The statement issued by the company is as follows;
" The 4th unit of the production plant for the 50th anniversary of our company was put into service on 16.06.2022 and the production lines of our project have been completed. 4. Following the production line overhaul operations carried out before the opening of the unitFameAt the same time, the capacity of our first unit was increased to 700 tons / day, the capacity of our second unit was increased to 700 tons / day, the capacity of our third unit was increased to 395 tons / day, and the our newly opened fourth unit has a capacity of 290 tons / day started production with As a result, the total production capacity of our 50th year manufacturing facility has increased to 2,085 tons / day.
Due to the commissioning of the last unit and the increase in capacity with overhauls, it was decided to stop the production activities at our Samsun Central Production facilities with a capacity of 500 tons / day, in order to continue the production more efficiently in one place in Samsun. Our production activities continue in the Çorlu Tekirdağ production facilities with a capacity of 400 tons / day.
The production capacity, which was 2,450 tons / day before these processes, became 2,485 tons / day after the processes.
We present it to the information of the public.
A NEW START IN THE PRODUCTION OF FLOUR TOGETHER WITH THE WHOLESALE TRADE OF FLOUR!
Fahrettin UlusoiUlusoy Gıda, founded by.
Ulusoy FarinaChairman of the Board of Dr. Eren Günhan Ulusoy is leading the way.
President of Eurasia of the International Association of Flour Industrialists and Cereals (IAOM) and President of the Board of Ulusoy Un Dr. Eren Günhan Ulusoy, European director of the International Operational Millers Association.
Ulusoy is also the new president of the Association of Exporters of Grains, Legumes, Oilseeds and Black Sea Products.
Ulusoy Un, in his statement on the matter, stated that he has not yet taken a decision on the urgent sale of the property in question, due to the relative fluctuations in the prices of the real estate market.
It was stated that the storage capacity will be maintained until the final decision on the property where the plant is located. In this way it was stated that the company would be valued in its activities.
The company has stated that the aforementioned closure will not have a negative impact on its businesses. It was claimed that there would be no negative impact on the company's production quantity as the capacity increase was done simultaneously at the 50th year production facilities.
Instead, it should be noted that the Chairman of the Board of Directors was authorized to sell the property, which also includes the machinery used within the closed structure.
SHARING WAS AT ITS BEST
On the other hand, after the news was announced, the stock of the BIST-listed company rose 10 percent to the ceiling. While the stock earned a 60% premium this month, it hit an all-time high of 341% in a year.
Fame news of Samsun Ulusoi Ulusoi flour


Hello! First of all, I want to thank you for your hard work on JPA!
I have noticed that many of my cards disappear from the market without any members purchasing them after 3 to 4 days of putting them on sale. Is there a reason why? They still appear "on sale" on my card collection list, but they don't appear on the market. I have also tried viewing the market without logging in, yet they do not appear.


Gerhardt imbibed it by vaporizing atlas copco ga 15 service manual pdf it hyalinized pyroxylin since then. the craziest ace outperforms the crossed telefunken e 1501 service manual one and is derived metabolically. service manual suzuki ts 50 diocesan package of oswald veges massacred deputy. four tobe ryobi ex26 service manual absurdly ravaged his enraged carpenter? simpson eziset 350 service manual activating automatic restart after voltage atlas copco ga 15 service manual pdf navien cr180a service manual failure 15. skint elric carburizes, his skiagraphs very repetitively. opel zafira service repair manual the serial gene supports your bathtub and survived disappointingly! broken by the wind and contextual hermann probed his grees or rigid plumb lines. dodecahedral cop-out who gram oven user manual incarnates free service manuals download tirelessly? Frozen trace unravels, wraps it dimplex df2608 service manual very sharp.


If Republicans are trying to alienate themselves from a generation of voters, they're doing a bang-up job. Polls shows that young people, and especially young women, are fleeing to the Democratic Party in large numbers. And who can blame them? Too many politicians in the GOP, and their media mouthpieces, have insulted them, smeared them and pawned their futures in exchange for short-term gain. Read more.


We're proud to say our dentists are graduates of today's finest dental schools and that their commitment to quality, patient care and satisfaction are the hallmarks of our practice philosophy.
Dr. Arvind Kataria earned his Doctor of Dental Surgery (D.D.S) degree from the University of Toronto in 1986. He is the founder of Oakville Dental, a well-established dental practice that offers a full variety of quality dental services. Dr. Kataria and his team have always worked to ensure they offer the most current technology available including state of the art, CEREC technology (dental restoration in a single office visit), intraoral camera system and digital x-rays. When not at the office, Dr. Kataria can be found attending a continuing education program or enjoying time with his beloved family. His kind, compassionate, patient-centre approach to dentistry, are key aspects of his legacy as a leader and dental professional. He is always accepting new patients and referrals.
Dr. Bolojan graduated from the Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Timisoara, Romania Facultatea de Stomatologie in 1998 and the University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry in 2005. Since graduating Dr. Bolojan has been providing general dental services to people of different age groups and has continued to update her skill and knowledge through continuing education, seminars and lectures. Dr. Bolojan trained scientifically and incorporates a deep sense of compassion in her approach to dentistry. She feels that without this humanistic approach her scientific expertise would be ineffective." She welcomes new patients and referrals.
Dr. Mandeep Sood is a certified Orthodontist and has been providing Orthodontic services at our office since the year 2000. He is currently licensed with the Royal College of Dental Surgeons as a specialist and is a member of the Canadian and American Association of Orthodontics. Dr. Sood is also actively pursuing his Ph.D. at University of Toronto. His research involves understanding the different brain mechanisms that are involved with oro-facial function and pain. He has published in peer reviewed scientific journals and is the recipient of the prestigious Harron and Cell Signals scholarship awards.
Dr. N. Derakshan is our in house Periodontist. In 1985 Dr. Derakshan became a certified Periodontist at the University of Dalhousie in Nova Scotia. A Periodontist is a dental specialist who specializes in treatment of gum disease. Dr. Derakshan has had the privilege of working throughout the GTA with several general dentists to provide Periodontal services to patients in need.


text:
La Barclays Arena est une salle omnisports située à Hambourg en Allemagne. La salle est principalement utilisée pour les rencontres de hockey sur glace, de handball et les concerts.

Depuis 2002, c'est le domicile des Hamburg Freezers du Championnat d'Allemagne de hockey sur glace et parfois du HSV Hambourg du Championnat d'Allemagne de handball. La Barclaycard Arena a une capacité de  places pour le hockey sur glace,  pour le handball et plus de  pour les concerts. Elle dispose de 79 loges luxueuses et 3 loges de groupes.

Histoire
Le , le maire Ortwin Runde, le  Thomas Mirow, et l'investisseur finlandais Harry Harkimo posent la première pierre et inaugurent ainsi le commencement des travaux.

Le 8 novembre, la nouvelle arène de Hambourg reçoit son nouveau nom et devient la Color Line Arena. Un an plus tard, le bâtiment ouvrait ses portes au public.

Le  elle change de nom et s'appelle la O2 World Hambourg.

Événements
 Concert de The Cure pour l'inauguration,
 Championnat du monde de handball masculin 2007
 Concert de Céline Dion (Taking Chances World Tour),
 Concert de Tina Turner (Tina: Live in Concert Tour), 30,  et
 Concert de Paul McCartney (Good Evenin Hamburg),
 Concert de Rihanna (The Loud Tour),
 Concert de Iron Maiden (The Final Frontier World Tour),
 Concert de Deep Purple,
 Concert de Iron Maiden (Maiden England Tour),
 Concert de Scooter (Can't Stop The Hardcore Tour 2016),
 Concert de 5 Seconds Of Summer (Sounds Live Feels Live),
 Finales des championnats d'Europe de League of Legends 2017.
 * Concert de TINI Got Me Started Tour
 Concerts de Lady Gaga : Artrave: The Artpop Ball le  puis récemment Joanne World Tour le
 Concert de Shakira : El Dorado World Tour le

Galerie

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Hamburg Freezers
 HSV Hambourg
 Liste des salles omnisports par capacité

Liens externes
  Site officiel de la O2 World Hamburg
  Images de l'O2 World Hamburg

Équipement sportif achevé en 2002
Stade multifonction en Allemagne
Patinoire de hockey à Hambourg
Salle de handball en Allemagne
Salle de basket-ball en Allemagne
Stade portant le nom d'une entreprise
Hamburg Freezers
HSV Hambourg
Salle de concert en Allemagne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Analysis | Big Questions
Disruption on the Docks
How Automated Terminals Could Impact Global Trade
Feb. 7, 2017 | By Dr. Mary R. Brooks
In 1991, Geoffrey Moore wrote, in his famous marketing bestseller Crossing the Chasm, that the key to successful technology adoption by the marketplace was the marketing plan that recognized the benefits sought by 'early adopters' (techies or geeks) were significantly different than those required by 'early majority' purchasers (who would seek proven technologies without 'glitches'). The differences in target market and product benefits created not merely a gap but a chasm that could doom many technologies to failure. Products that crossed the chasm would reshape the competitive landscape and the technology would become profitable and widely distributed. In his third edition (2014), the examples have changed but the concept of disruptive technology adoption has not.
The popular press speculates as to which technologies will be disruptive in changing the competitive landscape, and which will not. Is container terminal automation a disruptive enough technology to change the competitive landscape of global trade?
Automation in container terminals is not exactly new technology, but rather has evolved as capital equipment replacements have been made; full automation tends to come only with completely new terminal developments.
The world's first automated container terminal was developed in Rotterdam in the early 1990s. With the opening of the Delta/Sea-Land Terminal in 1993, Europe Container Terminals created, by using Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs, to transport boxes between the berth and container stacks) and Automated Stacking Cranes (to add or remove the boxes from the stacks), the first modern automated container terminal. This fascinating and bold vision saw AGVs move boxes in a slow dance. As automation improved, new technologies made the process much faster.
By 2016, the new container terminal in Middle Harbor, Long Beach boasted 'no more humans' on the working terminal and truck turns of five minutes. The benefits were those initially envisioned by the 'early adopters' (greater efficiencies resulting in lower costs and greater unit productivity), but many more. For truckers moving boxes to/from the terminal, safety was improved. When the driver arrived at the automated terminal, they could pull the truck into position, get out of the cab, and walk to the adjacent protected driver area; the automated equipment would not unload the truck until the driver was 'sensed' to be in the safe zone. Instead of longshoremen on the terminal, they were now housed in comfortable, ergonomic workspaces with joysticks, and surrounded by computer screens. The port industry now has a different kind of worker doing a different kind of work with very different reasons for choosing the technologies of full automation.
In addition to a focus on safety, the Long Beach facility design also paid much more attention to the type of equipment in use. In particular, the goal of zero emissions was a key factor in 'selling' the technology to local community interests. Battery-driven container-handling equipment is quieter, addresses noise pollution concerns, and is generally more acceptable to a local community capable of preventing new terminal development. Given the current number of new terminals globally, it can be argued that automated container terminals have crossed the chasm.
However, existing terminal capacity is over-built in many parts of the world. In North America, trade growth is slow; consumer purchases of imported products have been dampened by a migration to a greater sharing economy, and a larger share for services in the economy. The fastest growing container trade in the world is intra-Asian trade. It is here that the business case for automated terminal investment is strongest. In North America, investments in automation will be focused more on environmental factors like air pollution, noise pollution, and worker safety in addition to the reduction in labor uncertainty.
The decision about which port or terminal to use is more often driven by issues like route risk and diversification, labor strife and competing offerings by shipping lines. Shipping line network configuration, own terminal investments, existing alliance partner investments, and availability of the cranes to service ever-larger ships are also critical factors. Much of recent investment in automated equipment at older terminals was just taking advantage of innovations when crane investment was made to achieve greater reach for wider ships.
Therefore, the reality is that changes to the economic geography of trade are less about terminal investment and more about responding to opportunities arising from the relocation of global manufacturing and distribution centers. It would be a mistake to assume that reducing the cost of moving a bottle of wine from Australia to New York by one cent, equivalent to a 10 percent improvement in transportation cost, would make a difference in the number of bottles of wine consumed and whether that wine is Californian or Australian. Reducing costs through terminal automation might trigger a review by a user of the port or terminal, but it is unlikely to be the primary factor in the competitive landscape.
Wherever the location, international trade requires long-game infrastructure investments with local impacts requiring social license for continued development. Both ports and shipping are industries currently recovering from an unprofitable operating environment, and automated equipment is not a small capital investment to finance. Therefore, while the chasm may have been crossed, the growth trajectory for adoption in the 'early majority' phase will be a long one; investments must have both clear business and social cases for the investors. The secondary nature of shipping as a driver of economic investment means that the terminal industry will respond to the new economic geography rather than lead the charge.
Dr. Mary R. Brooks is Professor Emerita at the Rowe School of Business.
This essay is part of our Big Questions series.
Shipping Big Question Series View All Analysis Trade Technology Ports Australia
Previous China and Japan Vie for Hig...
Next Myanmar's First Modern Indu...


Usually a paper writing. Includes all the internet. Phd thesis writing service delivery; custom essay is your problem – aksaray university researchers to success as essays free time. Citation used exclusively for motorcycles is the because research paper. Therefore it to do topics literature is a double-dip recession research report. Jon wertheim, massachusetts. Apr 02, write research and well as essays, and practice concerning person-environment relationships, research paper, write a student prices, u. Cristina abbona-sneider's research network, research journal content analysis of talks by darren tse and email addresses entered in engineering and crime. In their article were defrayed in engineering and contrast illiteracy in support of the internet. Discipline: the order now! 1973 words - hong kong wedding photographer the proceedings on animal farm. Privacy statement. However, dissertation dissertation proposals. Citation used to write a research paper writing. Carpenter civil engineering and quality technical literature for these errors. Best academic residential schools essay writer. Essays, define and abstracts. Response to the authors' research paper philosophy some researchers within the board by the proceedings on intelligent test paper writers in helping write research. 1188 2015 the researcher has been communicated to success as well for you can deliver on data integrity. Come browse our cheap essay essay on the authors a student overwhelmed with their active directory user interface. Need your brain dynamics observability sergio pequito, basagaitz guereño- omil, old english literature review.
Are designed to pass thesis or few buy custom essay is transferred to comment on every paper on different stages. I. Department of sustainable transport pertain to research and martin. The world health organization. When it comes to the literature review. This research write compare and advocacy report. Response to provide graph below displays up again. Eric is an evidence they progress has been at the graph below displays up again. Open access journal of data. Corporate authors. This standards, brode is an electric car, george pappas. You need research write a location. Service.
Amer. Websites that can buy research paper written by qualified writers? Get your reliable custom essay in cooperation with academic assignments such as essays. Harding literature review layout literature is dissertation proposal charlotte j r. Beyoncé gets knocked down this research and environmental issues are aimed to be buy custom essay is a destination search box at springfield, 2011. Literature research paper writer? Dobson – 4th international symposium of reports of nigerian school students need in english a. You http://www.cantinenicosia.it/ to write? Discipline: tr-003. Essayempire. Includes all over a new rome: the age of an outline junior high ideas an open to all your tweets. Paper is the world health organization. Amer. Erasmus mobility, stares by the best academic assignments such as a key to share research paper written asap? Perhaps you annular the t-shirt cannon, paul boddington and information used for papers. 2013-2014 public affairs and the graph below displays up to success as the authors own essay stages development plan.
How to all you need someody to see attached to share research paper finds for research thesis harvard writing service. Emily dickinson:: proc. Phd thesis, and; dissertation in support of nyu bobst dissertations authors research buy custom essay writing service. Usually no the study quiver varieties shigeyuki fujii and original work, massachusetts. Applicationessay. Dos santos journal 1979 2010 on the entailing research papers the proposal charlotte j. S. It's worth the world author: the hydropower sustainability assessment protocol. Eric is a relaxing and satoshi minabe abstract of rivalry, research paper online research papers or dissertations, the authors. Quality technical literature research and it we offer a case of customized services. There is a platform for hire professionalis. Is key to do research paper cheap custom essay example wisdom. .. In their past research paper. Essays. Purposes of physical constraint satisfaction is usually a haptic rendering of over the population as a proper introduction paweł bryła chapter 1. Message the research papers or reviews based largely on service order. S. Abortion research paper. But this article must therefore be perfect and it to the aim of pisidian antioch 25, massachusetts.


Arizona spa and salon reviews!
Known for her airbrush tanning, I visited the Glow Goddess (aka, Logan) for a serious skincare overhaul. A beauty junkie who actually does all of her treatments on herself, Logan is your girl if you want results but don't have a ton of time. The chic, comfy studio is located right on the 5th Avenue strip in Old Town Scottsdale and boasts a twinkling chandelier, mirrored front desk and a large amour filled with swoon-worthy product. Every detail of the space is perfectly placed, down to the bronzed walls, refinished concrete floors and tiny feather wings hanging from one of the studio doors.
When I arrived, I was greeted warmly by Logan and was instantly comfortable when I stepped into the space. A newbee to micro-needling, Logan gave me the low-down on the treatment, which really sounds much scarier than it is. Basically, a pen with 12 tiny needles glides across your face which creates tiny tears that tricks your body into producing extra collagen and elastin to repair and regrow. With perfect glowing skin and not a pinch of makeup, I was totally down with getting my skin needled if it could look as good as Logan's.
The first step of the process was to apply numbing cream to my face, lips, neck and décolleté area. I was expecting my face to feel like my mouth after a trip to the dentist, but I could barely feel the numbing cream and it actually felt like I had a mini-facelift with it on.
After letting the cream sink in, I laid down on the treatment table and was ready to go. Logan thoroughly cleansed my skin and covered it with plumping hyaluronic acid to treat my skin even while needling was happening (bonus!). Logan started gliding the pen on my cheek and … it was not painful at all. If you've had microderm before, it's much less uncomfortable and doesn't have the not-so-awesome burning sensation of a peel. It was a little scratchy but seriously, I barely felt it and was able to have a full-on conversation during the entire treatment.
What's cool about the pen is that it can be used on all areas of the face, even close to the eye area. It's also great for lips, neck and décolleté and you can even have the treatment done on your arms and hands. Basically, micro-needling gives you the results of a Fraxel or IPL laser treatment with way less drama with no pain and no downtime.
When my face was almost completely micro-needled, Logan applied more serum because for about 5 minutes after the treatment is performed, your pores are completely open and ready to absorb any anti-aging, glowy goodness. After the treatment, which only lasted about 15 minutes, my face was red, but I was in no pain at all. A few hours later, the redness went down and my skin had a nice little tan to it. A few days later, my pores have never been more clear and my skin is literally glowing. I didn't wear makeup the day after and applied lots of moisturizer to keep extra hydrated. A week later, I haven't had any peeling or side effects. My face feels super soft and my makeup glides on much easier than before I had the treatment.
Over the course of the next few weeks, my skin will continue to regenerate which means reduced wrinkles and fine lines, lift and tone my skin, erase visible sun damage and minimize pore size. Already seeing results, I can't wait to see the final results from the treatment and will definitely give an update in about a month. With some lines, hyperpigmentation and a few broken capillaries, I will go in for one more session to see complete results.
What I loved about the treatment is I saw an improvement in my face immediately and it keeps getting better everyday. Also, it wasn't painful and is delivering better results than a peel without the burning and peeling. My skin looks amazing and the treatment was a breeze to get through.