Open: Mid-FEB to MAR daily 14:30, 15:30, 16:30.
APR to MAY daily 10:30, 11:30, 14:30, 15:30, 16:30, 17:30.
JUN daily 10:30, 11:30, 13, 14:30, 15:30, 16:30, 17:30.
JUL to AUG daily 10-18:30, at least every 45 minutes.
SEP daily 10:30, 11:30, 14:30, 15:30, 16:30, 17:30.
OCT to 11-NOV daily 14:30, 15:30, 16:30.
Fee: Adults EUR 9.90, Children (5-12) EUR 6.20.
Groups (15+): Adults EUR 7.60, Children (13-17) EUR 5.80, Children (5-12) EUR 4.70.
1823 exploration by Nicod and Gallière.
1945 new cave parts discovered by Mr Vaucher and his sons.
1949-1950 access tunnel constructed by the Section Speleologie of Cercle Amical des Mineurs d'Ales.
1974 new access tunnel constructed.
The Grottes de Trabuc are claimed to be the largest show cave in the Cevennes. Situated on the edge of the National Parc of the Cevennes, it is visited every year with thousands of tourists. Although the cave was inhabited in Neolithic and Roman times, it was not until the 1950's that a 40 m long artificial tunnel was dug, allowing the visitors an easy access into the cave.
The section which is open to the public has been given special protection in order to preserve the rare diversity of colours and crystals. The colours in the cave appear to change every few meters owing to the many oxides which are present in the rock.
The decor is magnificent. The cave is spectacularly lit, the crystals shine like brilliants in the powerful lights. There are numerous waterfalls and lakes, and the limestone is being constantly sculpted by the movement of water. The underground water comes to the surface a few kilometers away, to join the river Gardon de Mialet, which is a real paradise for swimmers.
The cave of Trabuc is famous for its 100,000 soldiers, these are small stalagmites with a maximum height of 10 cm. The soldiers are unique in the caving world. Their existence and genesis is still a mystery.
Apart from guided tours an extended tour off the normal tourist section is also available. It lasts for 5 hours and takes place throughout the year. The five hour trips have to be booked in advance, 6 persons are required for the trip, but it is possible for individuals to join a larger group. Usual times for the wild caving trips are between 13.00 and 18.00 with other times by arrangement.
It seems, Trabuc was known to man since the early days. An early excavation by E. Dumas revealed human and animal bones and tools. So the cave was visited during the Stone Age and the Roman times. The reason is rather easy to understand: a narrow entrance leads to bigger chamber with water, which offers shelter, drinking water and protection, as the narrow entrance was easy to defend.
The cave was used by Camisards during the Reformation period as a hideout and gunpowder factory. The troops of the King closed this and all other cave entrances in the area, to make them inaccessible.
One century later the cave was open again, and used by Trabucaires, obviously the origin of the name. The Trabuc (blunderbuss) was a muzzle-loading firearm typically worn by bandits, which were thus called Trabucaires. They loaded it with gunpowder and scrap metal, which made it extremely dangerous.
In this time the first cave explorations started, locals wanted to know all secrets of their caves. The explored them rather intensive, but did not leave descriptions or reports, so only legends, not even their names, is knwn today.
The first documented exploration was made by Nicod and Gallière in 1823. The were early speleologists who did consequent research, and their results were documented. But they also had problems, so Gallière once got lost and also lost his light. He stayed for 52 hours in the cave, and when he was found he was nibbling his laces and drinking his urine to survive.
In 1889 the entomologists V. Maget and G. Mignaud discovered an unknown kind of niphargus and named it Bathyscia mialetensis in honour of Mialet Caves. This was the name of this cave at this time.
The first speleologic exploration is officially the 1899 visit by Mazauric, a collegue of E. A. Martel. He published the description of this exploration in the Société Spéléologique de France bulletin. The first map of the cave was published in 1920 in the journal Spelunca.
The part of the cave which was explored and visited in this early times is today called les anciennes grottes (the ancient caves). This does not mean the age of the caves, it means that they were known and visited for centuries. Tourists visiting the cave entered through the natural entrance and the lower passage of L'Estrangladou into the Salle des Vasques. Guides were holding a candle or torch, but the huge chamber was lit by Bengal lights which the guides sold. Those lghts were producing a lot of poisonous smoke, but the huge chamber is well ventilated, so no harm was done to the people. And actually this was the only possibility to light this enormous chamber at that time.
In opposite to the ancient caves there are the new discoveries, which means all the discoveries after the breakthrough of Monsieur Vaucher in 1945. He found new parts, and typical for those early days, immediately started to develep them as a show cave and integrate them into the tourist tour. Together with his sons, Marc and Olivier, he developed new galleries, but also opened a new cave system for exploration which extended the length of the cave to more than 7 kilometers.
Search Google for "Grottes de Trabuc"


text:
Q: How to make form validations in Django I'm trying to make form validations so that certain fields only accept certain types of inputs, such as names only accept letters and phone numbers only accept 10 numbers. I tried making a validation for the first name, as shown below:
#forms.py

class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
# STEP 1 FORM
    student_id = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Student ID")
    first_name = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="First Name", widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
    last_name = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Last Name")
    ssn = USSocialSecurityNumberField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), label="SSN", help_text="Format: xxx-xx-xxxx")
    gender = forms.ChoiceField(widget=forms.Select(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), label="Gender", choices=GENDER_CHOICES)
    dob = forms.DateField(widget=forms.DateInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), label="Date of birth", help_text="Format: yyyy-mm-dd")
    contact_number = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Contact number")
    address = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Address")
    city = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="City")
    state = forms.ChoiceField(choices=STATE_CHOICES, initial="NJ", label="State")
    zipcode = USZipCodeField(label="Zipcode")
    country = forms.ChoiceField(choices=countries, label="Country", initial="US")
    home_phone = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Home phone")
    cell_phone = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Cell phone")
    email = forms.EmailField(widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), max_length=254, validators=[validate_email], label="Email")
    background = forms.ChoiceField(choices=BACKGROUND_CHOICES, label="Background")
    location = forms.ChoiceField(choices=LOCATION_CHOICES, initial="south_plainfield", label="Location")
    workforce = forms.ChoiceField(choices=WORKFORCE_CHOICES, initial="--", label="Workforce")
    source = forms.ChoiceField(choices=SOURCE_CHOICES, initial="individual", label="Source")
    refer_by = forms.ChoiceField(choices=REFER_BY_CHOICES, initial="no refer", label="Refer by")
    last_status = forms.ChoiceField(choices=LAST_STATUS_CHOICES, initial="followup", label="Last status")
    newsletter = forms.BooleanField(widget=forms.CheckboxInput(), label="Newsletter", required=False)
    created_by = forms.CharField(max_length=128, label="Created by")
    date = forms.DateField(widget=forms.DateInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), label="Date", help_text="Format: yyyy-mm-dd")
    notes = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), required=False, label="notes", help_text="less than 1000 characters")

    def clean(self):
        cleaned_data = self.cleaned_data
        first_name = cleaned_data.get('first_name')

        if first_name.isalpha == False:
            raise forms.ValidationError('Please enter a real name.')
        elif first_name[0].isupper() == False or first_name[1:].isupper() == True:
            raise forms.ValidationError('Please capitalize properly')
        else:
            cleaned_data['first_name'] = first_name

        return cleaned_data

    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = ('student_id', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'ssn', 'gender', 'dob', 'contact_number', 'address', 'city', 'state', 'zipcode', 'country', 'home_phone', 'cell_phone', 'email', 'background', 'location', 'workforce', 'source', 'refer_by', 'last_status', 'newsletter', 'created_by', 'date', 'notes')

However, when submitting the form, it completely ignores it and my DB Browser shows that a name with a number in it can be accepted. Is there something I wrote incorrectly, or do I have to change some code in other places besides the forms.py? I feel like if I can solve this one validation the other ones should be easier, but if someone can tell me the correct way of making sure that a phone number in a form is only 10 numbers, that would be great as well. Thanks.

A: You don't call method isalpha:
if first_name.isalpha == False:

You create a built-in method object isalpha, which is not False ever.
I think that's just a typo, write so:
if first_name.isalpha():
    ... # your code

For validation of phone number use method clean_phone:
def clean_phone(self):
    phone = self.cleaned_data['phone']
    if not phone.isdigit():
        raise forms.ValidationError('Phone number can only contains digits')
    elif len(phone) != 10:
        raise forms.ValidationError('Length of phone number must be 10 digits')
    return phone

EDIT
That's absolutely right, you don't have to describe fields in your forms.py file, you should do it in models.py, but some special ones, like first_name must contain only letters you can describe in forms.py.
Firstly, create a Student model in models.py with all db constraints (field types, max length, choices, unique values and etc.) Take into account that django creates id field automatically.
# models.py

class Student(models.Model):
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
    # Type of gender field depends on type of keys you used in GENDER_CHOICES
    # CharField for chars, IntegerField for integers
    gender = models.CharField(choices = GENDER_CHOICES, max_length=5)
    ...
    # Here you could validate your phone number length
    # But you still have to check it for valide symbols (in forms.py)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length = 10)
    # and so on for all your fields

After that, define your StudetForm in forms.py. You don't have to describe all you Student fields with their constraints.
# forms.py

from models import Student

class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = '__all__' # Django adds all fields you've described in Student
        # Then you could rename you fields labels, otherwise django will use names of model fields
        labels = {
            'first_name': 'First Name',
            'last_name': 'Last Name',
            ...
        }
        # And you also can override widgets for rendering.
        # This feature could be useful for dates, because django default widget for DateField is TextInput.
        widgets = {
            'date': forms.SelectDateWidget,
        }

    # Now you could describe all validation methods
    def clean_first_name(self):
        first_name = self.cleaned_data['first_name']
        if not first_name.isalpha():
            return ValidationError('First name must contain only letters')
        return first_name

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The U.S. Navy's Office of Naval Research has launched a program that seeks to facilitate the rapid delivery of new technology platforms to U.S. Marines and sailors.
ONR said Monday the Naval Innovation Process Adoption effort aims to help naval organizations address technology development and acquisition challenges through a common problem-solving language and approach.
Richard Carlin, head of ONR's sea warfare and weapons department, said the National Defense Strategy calls for naval modernization efforts as state and non-state actors move to leverage technology advancements.
"NIPA will start in one department of one Navy command, but its principles could become a catalyst across the fleet and force," Carlin added.
ONR based the program on the H4X problem-solving method, which the Defense Department and other government agencies use to confront innovation challenges with the use of an evidence-based and data-driven process.
H4X was a collaborative effort of Steve Blank, an adjunct professor at Stanford University; Retired Col. Peter Newell, former head of the U.S. Army's Rapid Equipping Force; and technology firm BMNT.


BRAC received a contribution of USD 1.5 million from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in November 2017 to build its preparedness and emergency response capacity in BRAC International's head office, Sierra Leone, Uganda and Myanmar. BRAC will employ a community-based approach to assist women, children, youth and local government representatives to build resilience against disasters.
Sir Fazle Hasan Abed shared that the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has been a key partner in building the emergency response capacity of BRAC. The partnership becomes stronger with this fund commitment. He also mentioned that right now, we are facing the greatest conflict around the world since the Second World War: the crises in Syria and South Sudan require large-scale humanitarian responses, so we have to work not only for Bangladesh, but also for other countries. BRAC International is now focusing on building capacity and preparedness in order to be able to respond effectively in humanitarian emergencies.
BRAC has developed the capacity of staff working in Bangladesh for the last 10 years, providing rapid humanitarian assistance to help more than 2 million people around the world recover from disasters. As Sir Fazle Hasan Abed said, "As we live and work in disaster-prone environments, we need to build our capacity to understand the nature of disasters and how to act in emergency situations, keeping BRAC's principles and values in mind, and act accordingly".
Researchers have shown that a dollar invested in building local preparedness reduces at least eight dollars in losses from disasters. Studies have shown that the preparedness approach is highly effective and has positive long-term impacts. The funding will allow BRAC to develop a model of disaster preparedness in Sierra Leone, Uganda and Myanmar to strengthen localisation, an approach that focuses on community ownership. The localisation agenda was recognised at the World Humanitarian Summit (WHS) in 2016 and received funding commitments from development partners, foundations, international organisations, UN and philanthropists. BRAC aims to build the resilience capacity of six local governments, six schools and six communities using this model and plans to replicate it in other countries.


Web Hosting Packagesthat keep your site live and secure.
I've had free consultations before; mostly they were canned pitches to get me to sign up for a product or service. But, you broke the mold with your presentation.
Join our monthly newsletter to receive updates on new technology and marketing techniques.
Copyright ©2019 The Target Group, Inc.. All rights reserved.


text:
Pope Endorses Referendum Denying Marriage And Adoption Rights To Same-Sex Couples
Pope Francis encouraged "everyone to continue their efforts in defense of the family" ahead of a vote Saturday on an anti-LGBT referendum in Slovakia.
By J. Lester Feder
J. Lester Feder BuzzFeed News World Correspondent
Last updated on February 4, 2015, at 7:33 p.m. ET
Posted on February 4, 2015, at 6:46 p.m. ET
s3.amazonaws.com
Pope Francis holds a baby as he arrives to lead the general audience in Paul VI's hall at the Vatican Feb. 4, 2015.
Pope Francis gave his blessing on Wednesday to a referendum that would ban marriage and adoption rights for same-sex couples in Slovakia, which will be voted on this Saturday.
"I greet the pilgrims from Slovakia and, through them, I wish to express my appreciation to the entire Slovak church, encouraging everyone to continue their efforts in defense of the family, the vital cell of society," Francis said during Wednesday's general audience in Rome.
Slovakia is the latest battleground over LGBT family rights in Europe, which is increasingly divided between east and west. Slovakia's parliament actually added language denying marriage recognition to same-sex couples to the country's constitution in June, making it one of four countries in Eastern Europe to do so since 2012. The first of three questions before voters on Saturday's ballot, which asks if marriage should be defined as between a man and a woman, won't change the legal status quo in Slovakia. But the second question would also ban adoption for same-sex couples, and the third allows parents to withdraw their children from sexual education classes.
It is not unusual for popes to comment on domestic political debates around the world, and these remarks are consistent with the church's long-standing opposition to family rights for same-sex couples, which has not changed under his papacy even though he has generally sought a less confrontational tone to engaging with LGBT people. But his remarks come as the Slovakian church has been under criticism from the country's LGBT rights supporters, who say the church is to blame for the recent push against LGBT rights in the country.
"For first time in Slovak modern history the Catholic Church is heavily involved in political campaign," said Martin Macko, executive director of the LGBT rights group Inokost. The Slovak referendum follows the success of a similar ballot measure in another Catholic-majority Eastern European country, Croatia, which adopted a ban on recognizing the marriages of same-sex couples in December.
Before the church held a "March for Life" opposing abortion and LGBT rights in late 2013, Macko said, "there were organizations and groups opposing rights of LGBT people in Slovakia before, but they were marginal and also this issue was marginal in public debate."
Even if a majority of voters approve the referendum, LGBT rights supporters are hopeful that it not enough people will vote to make it legally binding. At least 50 of voters must cast ballots in order for it to become law under Slovakian election rules.
The leadership body of the Catholic Church in the country, the Conference of Slovak Bishops, has walked an awkward line around the referendum. On the one hand, the bishops have given full-throated support to the proposal, including endorsing the referendum in a televised mass and pastoral letter on Feb. 1.
The conference also appears to have solicited funds to support the Alliance for Family through a page on its official website. On the other hand, it has bristled at the suggestion that the referendum is the creation of the church.
"The referendum itself is an initiative of civil society; it's not primarily of the church," said the conference's spokesman, Father Martin Kramara, in an interview with BuzzFeed News.
When asked about the church's fundraising for Alliance for Family, Kramara at first denied that the conference had provided financial support. When BuzzFeed News pointed out that the fundraising page for the conference's "pro-family activities" listed providing "support [for] Alliance for Family" as one of its "family-friendly activities," Kramara said, "I can't tell you how great [financial support] is … because I don't know."
The conference also objected when billboards appeared last month featuring Pope Francis giving smiling thumbs-up over the caption, "Slovakia's courageous fight for the protection of the family. Recommendation: 3x yes."
"We don't know who did it," Kramara said. "The Holy Father, for the record, did say words of encouragement for the Slovak church in her fight for the defense of family ... but that doesn't give anybody the right to use his photo in the campaign."
Alliance for Family also denied responsibility for the billboards in remarks to a Slovakian news outlet. In an interview with BuzzFeed News, he stressed that his organization is nonsectarian and nonpartisan.
"We don't depend on any church or political party," he said. "We are communicating with all relevant political parties, with all relevant churches and [asking] them for help."
LGBT rights supporters in Slovakia and internationally also say that an American social conservative organization, the Alliance Defending Freedom, is partly responsible for the move against family rights for LGBT people.
When asked how the support for the referendum fits with the more inclusive tone the pope has sought toward LGBT people, Kramara said, "We would be very unhappy if [the referendum] generates any animosity against homosexually oriented people." He also said the church did not oppose sexual education and that children "need to know about homosexuals, heterosexuals, [and] sexual relationships between men and women."
But, he said, that education should be based on recognizing the unique status of heterosexual marriage, because children "have the natural right to a mother and father." Even if that teaching might upset children being raised by same-sex couples, adults have a duty to teach them about that right.
"When someone deprives of them of their rights, are we gonna tell them?" Kramara wrote in an email. "And when? Right away, or when they are able to bear it? Or should we keep lying to them until they find out? "
Some LGBT rights supporters have also alleged that an American social conservative organization, the Alliance Defending Freedom, is meddling in Slovakia's affairs and pushing the referendum. The group's European director, Roger Kiska, told BuzzFeed News that the group's participation has been limited to providing legal support to the referendum's backers when opponents went to court to try to have it struck from the ballot.
Though he is U.S. educated, he also is not a foreigner, and all lawyers who work for ADF in Europe are European, Kiska said.
"I am a Slovak citizen. I live in Bratislava. That's primarily why I was involved in the case, but I was not involved in the referendum."
Feb. 05, 2015, at 00:33 AM
This post has been updated to include an explanation that at least 50 percent of voters must cast ballots for it to be valid under Slovakian law.
Contact J. Lester Feder at lester.feder@buzzfeed.com.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A short sleeve tee from Norse Projects with a classic stripe pattern and a woven tag to the hem. The tee was made in Portugal from 100% soft cotton jersey.
When you buy the Norse Projects Niels Classic Stripe T Shirt Dark Navy White, you will earn of rewards points to spend on your next purchase from us, anything online and instore.
The Norse Projects shop was established in 2004 as a hot spot for streetwear and clean apparel in Denmark's capital. The Copenhagen-based store launched their own line of menswear in 2009 and since then they have become one of the biggest labels to come out of Scandinavia. They focus on iconic, classic and everlasting styles whilst keeping a keen eye on quality.
This tee was made in Portugal from 100% cotton in a super soft jersey with a ribbed crew neck. The silhouette has a smart striped pattern and to the hem it has a woven logo tab.
Have you found the Norse Projects Niels Classic Stripe T Shirt Dark Navy White Cheaper?


text:
Introducing DoseMeRx
Vancomycin Mechanism of Action | Learn About Cell Wall Synthesis in Susceptible Bacteria & More
Brandon Reynolds, Pharm.D., BCPS
31 Oct 2020 Blog
History of Vancomycin
Vancomycin (brand name: Vancocin®) is a glycopeptide antibiotic with a history that can be traced back to the 1950s when it was discovered in soil produced by the organism Streptomyces orientalis. [1]
Vancomycin protected the nutrient supply needed by Streptomyces orientalis by creating and dispersing the antimicrobial, resulting in the inhibition of many of the other bacteria species that may enter its territory. After discovering that vancomycin had this activity, infectious disease researchers began to explore what uses the substance could have in healthcare as a drug for severe bacterial infections in humans.
Originally, vancomycin was considered to be a drug of last resort [2] as penicillins were effective for most infections and the risk of adverse effects were higher for vancomycin than other antibacterial drugs.
Over time, however, the development of drug resistance, improvement in purification, and the advancement of drug monitoring techniques brought vancomycin to be much more common in healthcare. Today, vancomycin is frequently used for diseases such as endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, enterocolitis, and skin and soft tissue infections.
It was through laboratory testing that the mechanism of action of vancomycin was discovered.
Antibiotics destroy or inhibit bacteria growth by interfering with the normal processes of the bacterial cell. Many antibiotics in use today are active against the cell wall of a dividing bacterium.
The bacterial cell wall is an extremely important barrier that bacteria use to stay alive. This cell wall is made mostly of peptidoglycan, which is a mesh-like structure made of proteins (peptides) and sugars (glycan). In order for a bacterium to replicate, it must build a new peptidoglycan cell wall.[3]
Cell walls are not present in human or animal cells. Fortunately, the bacterial cell wall is an essential component of the cell, and without it the bacteria are destroyed.
By targeting components of bacteria that are not present in humans, clinicians can selectively eradicate bacterial infections while avoiding significant collateral damage to the patient.
Each bacterium is unique in their response and susceptibility to medication therapies. Proper identification of the infecting organism is of vital importance to ensure that antibiotics will be effective.
Most bacteria can be divided into two groups: gram positive and gram negative. These categories were discovered by the physician Hans Christian Gram in 1884.[4] Dr. Gram applied dyes (known as stains) to different bacteria.
In his experiment, a purple dye is applied, followed by a binding agent and a solvent such as ethanol or acetone that tries to wash away the dye. This is then followed by a pink counterstain. Dr. Gram noticed that certain bacteria could retain the purple dye, while others would allow the dye to be washed away and would appear pink.
Bacterial Cell Wall
The underlying mechanism for these differences rests primarily in the bacterial cell walls of both types of bacteria. Bacteria with a thick wall would retain the dye, appear purple, and be known as "gram positive," while bacteria with a thin wall would allow the purple dye to wash away and stain pink with the counterstain.
These bacteria were known as "gram negative." Dr. Gram's technique is now known as "Gram staining." This procedure is still in use today to guide initial antibiotic therapies in patients before the infecting bacteria can be identified.
Gram positive bacteria with their thicker cell wall also have other defining characteristics that separate them from gram negative bacteria. Most importantly for antibiotics, the cell wall for gram positive bacteria is exposed to the environment outside the cell. For gram negative bacteria, the much thinner cell wall is shielded by a membrane of fats and proteins known as a lipid bilayer.[3]
The lipid bilayer on the outside of gram-negative bacteria allows it to be much more selective regarding what can and cannot enter the cell. These bilayers must still allow some transport across its surface, however, to allow the bacteria to absorb the essential nutrients from the environment it needs to replicate.[3]
Bacteria facilitate this nutrient transport into their cells using small channels known as porins.[5] Antibiotics targeted against gram negative bacteria must have a small enough size to be able to cross through these porin channels or diffuse passively across the lipid bilayer. This lipid bilayer also has polar and non-polar components, making passive diffusion of charged molecules difficult.[6]
Vancomycin Pharmacology & Pharmacokinetics
Vancomycin is an antibacterial medication in the glycopeptide class.[7] Like penicillin, vancomycin prevents cell wall synthesis in susceptible bacteria. The main difference in the mechanism of action between the two antimicrobials is in the binding site of each.
Beta-lactam antimicrobials such as penicillin bind to the aptly named "penicillin binding proteins" as their mode of action.[8] Vancomycin binds to the acyl-D-ala-D-ala portion of the growing peptidoglycan cell wall, which is a group of amino acids. By binding, multiple mechanisms of action begin to take place resulting in bacterial inhibition.[9]
First, vancomycin uses its large size to block the cross-linking of the peptidoglycan wall. The incorporation of cross-links to the peptidoglycan mesh help to keep the cell wall strong, and without them, the wall doesn't form correctly.
The bacterium detects that the cell wall is not functioning normally and attempts to repair it by making more peptidoglycan substrates.
The cell produces excess peptidoglycan substrates as a result, which then activates a feedback loop where degradative enzymes that break down peptidoglycan are activated. These enzymes then may also contribute to cell wall destruction and a reduction in cell wall biosynthesis.[10]
When attempting to divide, the lack of a cell wall causes the bacterium to flood with fluid from its environment, forcing it to swell and eventually burst, destroying the cell.[11] Because of this activity, both the beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and the glycopeptide antibiotics such as vancomycin are considered "bactericidal."
Vancomycin Antimicrobial Effectiveness
Reaching the exposed cell wall in gram positive bacteria is fairly easy for both penicillin and vancomycin. Penicillin and vancomycin differ substantially in size and charge, however.
While penicillin can get through the lipid bilayer "shield" of gram-negative bacteria, vancomycin is nearly three times larger and it has a net positive charge. Because of this, vancomycin cannot enter the gram-negative bacterial cell and therefore the drug has no activity against nearly all gram-negative infections.[6]
Unfortunately for vancomycin, the size of the drug also limits the antimicrobial's effectiveness when administered orally to strictly treating colitis. When given by mouth, vancomycin cannot cross from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood in amounts necessary to treat a systemic infection.[11]
This also means that oral vancomycin is much less likely to cause the same side effects such as kidney damage (nephrotoxicity), red man syndrome, or hearing loss (ototoxicity) that is possible with the intravenous version. It also means that the oral version typically does not require pharmacokinetic monitoring of drug levels, excretion rates, or its half-life. Orally administered vancomycin is used for its antimicrobial activity in intestinal infections such as colitis caused by Clostridoides difficile (previously known as Clostridium difficile or C. difficile).[7]
Vancomycin Resistance
With antibiotic use comes the development of resistant strains of bacteria. Vancomycin is typically used for suspected or known Staphylococcus aureus (Staph) or infections. It is also active against a variety of other common gram-positive bacteria, such as the streptococci and enterococci species. Specifically, vancomycin is used for resistant bacteria where other options such as beta-lactams are not effective.
One such type of resistant bacteria where vancomycin is used are those that are resistant to methicillin, a type of penicillin. A well-known resistant bacteria harboring this trait is Staphylococcus aureus. This type of resistant bacteria is known as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA.
MRSA developed this resistance through years of different penicillins being used to treat or control the bacterium. As our knowledge of bacteria and their resistance patterns continued to develop, beta-lactam antibiotics were combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors that were capable of extending their spectrum of activity. Unfortunately, this still was not enough. Even when combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors, penicillins started to lose their antimicrobial activity against certain strains of S. aureus, selecting for an increasing incidence of MRSA.
Luckily, while MRSA is resistant to penicillins, development of in-vitro resistant strains to vancomycin remains rare. One type of resistance that staphylococci can develop is transferred to MRSA from another bacteria genus, the vancomycin-resistant enterococci or VRE.[12]
This form of enterococci carries a gene that changes the acyl-D-ala-D-ala amino acid chain to acyl-D-ala-D-lactate. This change still allows the peptidoglycan wall to form, but it also causes antibiotic resistance by severely limiting vancomycin binding. A strain of Staphylococcus aureus exhibiting this resistance profile may be referred to as VRSA or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This usually requires changing the drug to another antibacterial agent.
Vancomycin Adverse Effects
Vancomycin therapy can also cause kidney damage (nephrotoxicity) if not carefully monitored, and the mechanisms of action of this side effect are not well understood.[13] The difference between effective therapy and the risk of this adverse effect is narrow.
As a method to reduce the toxicity of the drug while maintaining its therapeutic effect, software programs such as DoseMeRx provide clinicians with highly accurate methods of analyzing a patient's drug levels. This dosing strategy is known as area-under-the-curve or AUC monitoring, and it was recommended as the method of choice to monitor vancomycin therapy in the 2020 vancomycin consensus guidelines.[14]
The mechanism of action of vancomycin can be explained by remembering that bacteria need a strong cell wall to protect it. This wall is made of peptidoglycan, a mix of proteins and sugars. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall that is exposed to the fluid in the environment around the cell. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin cell wall that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer.
This lipid bilayer doesn't allow vancomycin to enter gram-negative cells, and therefore it has no activity against this type of bacteria. When it reaches the cell wall of an actively dividing susceptible gram-positive bacterium, vancomycin binds to the acyl-D-ala-D-ala portion of the growing cell wall. After binding, it prevents the cell wall from forming the cross-linking necessary to keep it strong.
The bacterial cell reacts, making more peptidoglycan substrates. These precursors build up in the cell and cause an increase in bacterial enzymes that destroy peptidoglycan. After the cell wall is removed or severely damaged, fluid enters the cell and causes the bacteria to swell until it finally bursts.
Vancomycin requires close monitoring to ensure the therapeutic benefits of the drug while decreasing adverse effects. Companies such as DoseMeRx provide software that allows for close monitoring of the medication to aid clinicians in their management of the patient's drug therapy. DoseMeRx also provides software for clinicians to monitor other medications seen commonly in healthcare, such as aminoglycosides.
See how easy DoseMeRx is to operate and integrate into your workday.
Request a free trial below. You can also phone us on +1 (832) 358-3308 or
email hello@doseme-rx.com.
Hospital*
Number of Sites*
New Vancomycin Dosing Guidelines Released – What You Need to Know Now
Preparing for the New Vancomycin Guidelines – What Should You Be Considering?
New vancomycin guidelines – what's new?
1) Levine, DP. Vancomycin: A History.Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:S5-S12.
2) Boneca I and Chiosis G. Vancomycin resistance: occurrence, mechanisms and strategies to combat it. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2003;7(3):311-328.
3) Silhavy TJ, Kahne D, and Walker S. The bacterial cell envelope. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010;2(5):1-16
4) Madani K. Dr. Hans Christian Jaochim Gram: inventor of the Gram stain. Primary Care Update for OB/GYNS 2003;10(5):235-237
5) Galdiero et al. Microbe-host interactions: structure and role of gram-negative bacterial porins. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2012;13(8):843-854
6) Livermore DM. Antibiotic uptake and transport by bacteria. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1990;74:15-22
7) Patel S, Preuss CV, Bernice F. Vancomycin. StatPearls [Internet]. Last update Feb 2020.
8) Nikaido H. Crossing the envelope: how cephalosporins reach their targets. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2000;6(S3):22-26
9) Nagarajan R. Antibacterial activities and modes of action of vancomycin and related glycopeptides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991;35(4):605-609
10) Scheffers DJ and Pinho M. Bacterial cell wall synthesis: new insights from localizations studies. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2005;69(4):585-607
11) Kohanski MA, Dwyer DJ, and Collins JJ. How antibiotics kill bacteria: from targets to networks. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010;8(6):423-435
12) Gardete S and Tomasz A. Mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(7):2836-2840
13) Bamgbola O. Review of vancomycin-induced renal toxicity: an update.Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 7(3):136-147
14) Rybak MJ, Le J, Lodise T, et al. Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A revised consensus guideline and review by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2020; 77(11):835-864.
Vanco AUC Conversion Toolkit 📝Download Now →
Vizient Members
Vancomycin Dosing Calculator
Vancomycin Trough Levels
Vancomycin Dosing Literature
Vancomycin AUC Toolkit
hello@doseme-rx.com
228 Strawbridge Drive
Moorestown NJ 08057
hello@doseme.com.au
Level 2, 4 Frederick St Taringa Qld 4068 Australia
HIPAA Privacy Statement | Privacy policy | DoseMe & the GDPR | Copyright © 2012 - 2021 DoseMe Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
DoseMe® is a registered trademark of DoseMe Pty Ltd. DoseMeRx℠ and DoseMe℞℠ are service marks of DoseMe LLC.


Myth: it takes a trip abroad to find island paradise.
Off the famous coastline of Queensland lies Australia's hidden island treasures: Tangalooma, a turquoise blue paradise perfect for families. Set on the subtropical oasis of Moreton Island, the stunning, protected coastline is only half the beauty of Tangalooma Island Resort. Travellers from far and wide travel to the post-card destination for unforgettable adventures across land, sea and air. Tangalooma has it all - these 7 family-friendly activities are just the beginning.
Home to hundreds of dolphins, Tangalooma is the perfect place for families to hand feed these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat. Every evening at dusk, bottlenose dolphins playfully make their way to the waterline to meet families for their first dinner course.
Exploring the Tangalooma Wrecks by night is magical to say the least. Depart the shore at sunset on a transparent kayak, float towards the wrecks, and as the sun sinks below the horizon, activate your kayak's illuminated glow and watch the sea life beneath you.
Whether you've manned a quad bike before or not, the experience is exhilarating every time. Take your 4-wheel ATV bike and follow a guide down the banks of white sand and traverse elevated peaks in figures of eight.
As one of the world's largest sand islands, the heart of Tangalooma invites visitors to take a Desert Safari journey to ride down the mammoth sand dunes aboard a toboggan. The adrenaline-charging experience will bring out the inner child in every parent, with speeds hitting 40km per hour and 360 degree views from the top.
Witness nature's magic as humpback whales migrate through the deep blue and breach metres into the air. Tangalooma is one of the only locations you can experience whale watching from three different perspectives: by sea on a 40-foot catamaran cruise, by air in a helicopter, or from Cape Moreton by 4WD.
As crystal clear waters surround Tangalooma, families are able to get up close and personal with hoards of tropical fish while snorkelling at the Tangalooma Wrecks. As soon as you enter the water, you will be surrounded by a flurry of colours and marine life that have made the old sunken ships their home. From kingfish, sea turtles, nemo and friendly Wobbegong sharks only metres away, the encounters are incomparable.
Take in a new view of the Moreton Island surrounds from up in the air. The scenic flight gives adventurers panoramic views along the coast so you'll be spotting Cape Moreton, the Tangalooma Wrecks, sand dunes and more.
Visiting Tangalooma is a cinch, as it's only 75 minutes by ferry from Brisbane and transfer services can be arranged from hotels in the Gold Coast. Whether you take a day trip or make a long weekend out of it, a trip to Tangalooma brings paradise to the backyard.


text:
Elizabeth Mestnik
Elizabeth Mestnik ( Meisner Technique, Scene Study) is an award winning, actress, director and teacher. Elizabeth founded EMAS to bring her New York style of professional actor training to the west coast. -She received her MFA in Acting from Rutgers University under the tutelage of William Esper, Sandy Meisner's associate at the Neighborhood Playhouse for over 17 years, and New York's leading Meisner teacher. Mr. Esper highly recommends her as a teacher stating "Elizabeth is a first rate and versatile teacher, compelling, intelligent and dedicated, with a clear method that leads others to bring their ideas to light. I cannot say enough good things about her." She has taught at Rutgers University and Chapman University as well as various private studios. She has coached such renowned actors as Ed Asner, Fred Savage, Charles Michael Davis and Sharif Atkins in both New York City and Los Angeles and is on the referral coaching lists of numerous agents and managers. Her directing credits have garnered critical acclaim. The L.A. Times called her direction "dazzling" and "magical". Her students have worked in theater, film and television, including performances on Boyhood, Guardians of the Galaxy, The Good Wife, Criminal Minds, Key and Peele, ER, Law and Order, Arrested Development, The Office, 24, According to Jim, Still Standing, 40 Year Old Virgin, , X-Men, Broadway, off-Broadway, West Coast Ensemble, South Coast Rep, Cincinnati Playhouse, The El Portal, The Pasadena Playhouse, Taper Too!, Shakespeare Orange County and many others.
"This studio is a very special place – a place where I get to see students transform before my eyes. I love seeing potential transform into a beautiful, moving performance. I love to watch people discover themselves, their uniqueness and what they have to offer the world. Even if they decide not to pursue acting professionally – that type of personal growth is inspiring."


text:
Don Quixote/Volume 1/Chapter L
< Don Quixote | Volume 1
←Chapter XLIX
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes, translated by John Ormsby
Volume 1, Chapter L
Chapter LI→
19856Don Quixote — Volume 1, Chapter LMiguel de CervantesJohn Ormsby
Chapter L: Of the shrewd controversy which Don Quixote and the canon held, together with other incidents[edit]
"A good joke, that!" returned Don Quixote. "Books that have been printed with the king's licence, and with the approbation of those to whom they have been submitted, and read with universal delight, and extolled by great and small, rich and poor, learned and ignorant, gentle and simple, in a word by people of every sort, of whatever rank or condition they may be--that these should be lies! And above all when they carry such an appearance of truth with them; for they tell us the father, mother, country, kindred, age, place, and the achievements, step by step, and day by day, performed by such a knight or knights! Hush, sir; utter not such blasphemy; trust me I am advising you now to act as a sensible man should; only read them, and you will see the pleasure you will derive from them. For, come, tell me, can there be anything more delightful than to see, as it were, here now displayed before us a vast lake of bubbling pitch with a host of snakes and serpents and lizards, and ferocious and terrible creatures of all sorts swimming about in it, while from the middle of the lake there comes a plaintive voice saying: 'Knight, whosoever thou art who beholdest this dread lake, if thou wouldst win the prize that lies hidden beneath these dusky waves, prove the valour of thy stout heart and cast thyself into the midst of its dark burning waters, else thou shalt not be worthy to see the mighty wonders contained in the seven castles of the seven Fays that lie beneath this black expanse;' and then the knight, almost ere the awful voice has ceased, without stopping to consider, without pausing to reflect upon the danger to which he is exposing himself, without even relieving himself of the weight of his massive armour, commending himself to God and to his lady, plunges into the midst of the boiling lake, and when he little looks for it, or knows what his fate is to be, he finds himself among flowery meadows, with which the Elysian fields are not to be compared.
"The sky seems more transparent there, and the sun shines with a strange brilliancy, and a delightful grove of green leafy trees presents itself to the eyes and charms the sight with its verdure, while the ear is soothed by the sweet untutored melody of the countless birds of gay plumage that flit to and fro among the interlacing branches. Here he sees a brook whose limpid waters, like liquid crystal, ripple over fine sands and white pebbles that look like sifted gold and purest pearls. There he perceives a cunningly wrought fountain of many-coloured jasper and polished marble; here another of rustic fashion where the little mussel-shells and the spiral white and yellow mansions of the snail disposed in studious disorder, mingled with fragments of glittering crystal and mock emeralds, make up a work of varied aspect, where art, imitating nature, seems to have outdone it.
"Suddenly there is presented to his sight a strong castle or gorgeous palace with walls of massy gold, turrets of diamond and gates of jacinth; in short, so marvellous is its structure that though the materials of which it is built are nothing less than diamonds, carbuncles, rubies, pearls, gold, and emeralds, the workmanship is still more rare. And after having seen all this, what can be more charming than to see how a bevy of damsels comes forth from the gate of the castle in gay and gorgeous attire, such that, were I to set myself now to depict it as the histories describe it to us, I should never have done; and then how she who seems to be the first among them all takes the bold knight who plunged into the boiling lake by the hand, and without addressing a word to him leads him into the rich palace or castle, and strips him as naked as when his mother bore him, and bathes him in lukewarm water, and anoints him all over with sweet-smelling unguents, and clothes him in a shirt of the softest sendal, all scented and perfumed, while another damsel comes and throws over his shoulders a mantle which is said to be worth at the very least a city, and even more? How charming it is, then, when they tell us how, after all this, they lead him to another chamber where he finds the tables set out in such style that he is filled with amazement and wonder; to see how they pour out water for his hands distilled from amber and sweet-scented flowers; how they seat him on an ivory chair; to see how the damsels wait on him all in profound silence; how they bring him such a variety of dainties so temptingly prepared that the appetite is at a loss which to select; to hear the music that resounds while he is at table, by whom or whence produced he knows not. And then when the repast is over and the tables removed, for the knight to recline in the chair, picking his teeth perhaps as usual, and a damsel, much lovelier than any of the others, to enter unexpectedly by the chamber door, and herself by his side, and begin to tell him what the castle is, and how she is held enchanted there, and other things that amaze the knight and astonish the readers who are perusing his history.
"But I will not expatiate any further upon this, as it may be gathered from it that whatever part of whatever history of a knight-errant one reads, it will fill the reader, whoever he be, with delight and wonder; and take my advice, sir, and, as I said before, read these books and you will see how they will banish any melancholy you may feel and raise your spirits should they be depressed. For myself I can say that since I have been a knight-errant I have become valiant, polite, generous, well-bred, magnanimous, courteous, dauntless, gentle, patient, and have learned to bear hardships, imprisonments, and enchantments; and though it be such a short time since I have seen myself shut up in a cage like a madman, I hope by the might of my arm, if heaven aid me and fortune thwart me not, to see myself king of some kingdom where I may be able to show the gratitude and generosity that dwell in my heart; for by my faith, senor, the poor man is incapacitated from showing the virtue of generosity to anyone, though he may possess it in the highest degree; and gratitude that consists of disposition only is a dead thing, just as faith without works is dead. For this reason I should be glad were fortune soon to offer me some opportunity of making myself an emperor, so as to show my heart in doing good to my friends, particularly to this poor Sancho Panza, my squire, who is the best fellow in the world; and I would gladly give him a county I have promised him this ever so long, only that I am afraid he has not the capacity to govern his realm."
Sancho partly heard these last words of his master, and said to him, "Strive hard you, Senor Don Quixote, to give me that county so often promised by you and so long looked for by me, for I promise you there will be no want of capacity in me to govern it; and even if there is, I have heard say there are men in the world who farm seigniories, paying so much a year, and they themselves taking charge of the government, while the lord, with his legs stretched out, enjoys the revenue they pay him, without troubling himself about anything else. That's what I'll do, and not stand haggling over trifles, but wash my hands at once of the whole business, and enjoy my rents like a duke, and let things go their own way."
"That, brother Sancho," said the canon, "only holds good as far as the enjoyment of the revenue goes; but the lord of the seigniory must attend to the administration of justice, and here capacity and sound judgment come in, and above all a firm determination to find out the truth; for if this be wanting in the beginning, the middle and the end will always go wrong; and God as commonly aids the honest intentions of the simple as he frustrates the evil designs of the crafty."
"I don't understand those philosophies," returned Sancho Panza; "all I know is I would I had the county as soon as I shall know how to govern it; for I have as much soul as another, and as much body as anyone, and I shall be as much king of my realm as any other of his; and being so I should do as I liked, and doing as I liked I should please myself, and pleasing myself I should be content, and when one is content he has nothing more to desire, and when one has nothing more to desire there is an end of it; so let the county come, and God he with you, and let us see one another, as one blind man said to the other."
"That is not bad philosophy thou art talking, Sancho," said the canon; "but for all that there is a good deal to be said on this matter of counties."
To which Don Quixote returned, "I know not what more there is to be said; I only guide myself by the example set me by the great Amadis of Gaul, when he made his squire count of the Insula Firme; and so, without any scruples of conscience, I can make a count of Sancho Panza, for he is one of the best squires that ever knight-errant had."
The canon was astonished at the methodical nonsense (if nonsense be capable of method) that Don Quixote uttered, at the way in which he had described the adventure of the knight of the lake, at the impression that the deliberate lies of the books he read had made upon him, and lastly he marvelled at the simplicity of Sancho, who desired so eagerly to obtain the county his master had promised him.
By this time the canon's servants, who had gone to the inn to fetch the sumpter mule, had returned, and making a carpet and the green grass of the meadow serve as a table, they seated themselves in the shade of some trees and made their repast there, that the carter might not be deprived of the advantage of the spot, as has been already said. As they were eating they suddenly heard a loud noise and the sound of a bell that seemed to come from among some brambles and thick bushes that were close by, and the same instant they observed a beautiful goat, spotted all over black, white, and brown, spring out of the thicket with a goatherd after it, calling to it and uttering the usual cries to make it stop or turn back to the fold. The fugitive goat, scared and frightened, ran towards the company as if seeking their protection and then stood still, and the goatherd coming up seized it by the horns and began to talk to it as if it were possessed of reason and understanding: "Ah wanderer, wanderer, Spotty, Spotty; how have you gone limping all this time? What wolves have frightened you, my daughter? Won't you tell me what is the matter, my beauty? But what else can it be except that you are a she, and cannot keep quiet? A plague on your humours and the humours of those you take after! Come back, come back, my darling; and if you will not be so happy, at any rate you will be safe in the fold or with your companions; for if you who ought to keep and lead them, go wandering astray, what will become of them?"
The goatherd's talk amused all who heard it, but especially the canon, who said to him, "As you live, brother, take it easy, and be not in such a hurry to drive this goat back to the fold; for, being a female, as you say, she will follow her natural instinct in spite of all you can do to prevent it. Take this morsel and drink a sup, and that will soothe your irritation, and in the meantime the goat will rest herself," and so saying, he handed him the loins of a cold rabbit on a fork.
The goatherd took it with thanks, and drank and calmed himself, and then said, "I should be sorry if your worships were to take me for a simpleton for having spoken so seriously as I did to this animal; but the truth is there is a certain mystery in the words I used. I am a clown, but not so much of one but that I know how to behave to men and to beasts."
"That I can well believe," said the curate, "for I know already by experience that the woods breed men of learning, and shepherds' harbour philosophers."
"At all events, senor," returned the goatherd, "they shelter men of experience; and that you may see the truth of this and grasp it, though I may seem to put myself forward without being asked, I will, if it will not tire you, gentlemen, and you will give me your attention for a little, tell you a true story which will confirm this gentleman's word (and he pointed to the curate) as well as my own."
To this Don Quixote replied, "Seeing that this affair has a certain colour of chivalry about it, I for my part, brother, will hear you most gladly, and so will all these gentlemen, from the high intelligence they possess and their love of curious novelties that interest, charm, and entertain the mind, as I feel quite sure your story will do. So begin, friend, for we are all prepared to listen."
"I draw my stakes," said Sancho, "and will retreat with this pasty to the brook there, where I mean to victual myself for three days; for I have heard my lord, Don Quixote, say that a knight-errant's squire should eat until he can hold no more, whenever he has the chance, because it often happens them to get by accident into a wood so thick that they cannot find a way out of it for six days; and if the man is not well filled or his alforjas well stored, there he may stay, as very often he does, turned into a dried mummy."
"Thou art in the right of it, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "go where thou wilt and eat all thou canst, for I have had enough, and only want to give my mind its refreshment, as I shall by listening to this good fellow's story."
"It is what we shall all do," said the canon; and then begged the goatherd to begin the promised tale.
The goatherd gave the goat which he held by the horns a couple of slaps on the back, saying, "Lie down here beside me, Spotty, for we have time enough to return to our fold." The goat seemed to understand him, for as her master seated himself, she stretched herself quietly beside him and looked up in his face to show him she was all attention to what he was going to say, and then in these words he began his story.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote/Volume_1/Chapter_L&oldid=2518043"


text:
Four siblings play a game of hide and seek and wind up entering a magical land. Once there, they discover a world inhabited by beasts, dwarfs, and giants and find themselves in a battle to defeat a witch.
Prepare to enter another world when Walt Disney Pictures and Walden Media present C.S. Lewis' timeless and beloved adventure. With the stunningly realistic special effects, you'll experience the exploits of Lucy, Edmund, Susan, and Peter, four siblings who find the world of Narnia through a magical wardrobe while playing a game of "hide-and-seek" at the country estate of a mysterious professor. Once there, the children discover a charming, once peaceful land inhabited by talking beasts, dwarfs, fauns, centaurs, and giants that has been turned into a world of eternal winter by the evil White Witch, Jadis. Aided by the wise and magnificent lion Aslan, the children lead Narnia into a spectacular climactic battle to be free of the Witch's glacial powers forever! Contains tobacco depictions.


A Zaka teacher, who is a father to four children, has his lucky stars to thank for being a free man after the State and the defence team unanimously agreed to alter a murder charge he was facing at Masvingo High Court to assault.
In July last year, Wright Masunda (49), a teacher at Rudanda High School who runs Skippers Sports Bar at Rudanda business centre, slapped Tarirai Chakona (42) after a dispute at the bar.
Little did Masunda know he was soon to be arrested for murder after Chakona died under almost unclear circumstances a few days later.
As fate would have it, Masunda ended up appearing before Justice Garainesu Mawadze facing a murder charge.
However, his lawyer Knowledge Mabvuure of Chihambakwe Law Chambers, successfully argued that a mere clap could not possibly have caused Chakona's death under the given circumstances, leading to the alteration of the charge from murder to assault.
On January 18, Masunda was convicted of assault and was given 30 days to pay a $200 fine or face a custodial sentence.
The facts, as agreed by the defence lawyer and the State's Takunda Chikwati, are that on July 31, 2018 at around 21:00hrs, the now deceased was drinking at Skippers Sports Bar when Masunda slapped him once on the face for allegedly harassing other patrons.
After being slapped, Chakona, who was heavily drunk, fell down and Masunda, with the help of the now deceased's brother Marufu who was also in the bar, helped him back onto his feet and he later on continued drinking.
When it was time to close the bar, Marufu tried to convince his brother that they should go home but he refused and spent the night at the business centre, only for Marufu to find him the following morning, shivering and warming himself on a fire in the open.
Marufu took Chakona to his work place where he gave him a warm place to sleep but the now deceased began to sweat and he took him home.
The following day, Marufu asked Masunda to help him take Chakona – whose health had deteriorated – to Musiso Hospital in his car. At the hospital, Chakona was admitted and treated of epilepsy and was referred to Masvingo Provincial Hospital for further treatment.
Chakona died on his way to Masvingo Provincial Hospital, and a postmortem report listed subdural hemorrhage (a condition when blood collects on the brain's surface beneath the skull as a result of head injury), severe skull contusion and head trauma as the causes of his death.
Among other things, the defence argued that the post-mortem did not attribute Chakona's death to assault and that many other things could have happened to him after the slapping incident since he spent the whole night in the open at the business centre.


text:
Shout It Out is the fifth studio album released by American pop band Hanson. The album is the third release through their own label 3CG Records.
Shout It Out was released on June 8, 2010 in the US, and July 14, 2010 in Japan.

On March 6, 2010, Hanson shot dance and other sequences for the music video of their new single, "Thinking 'Bout Somethin'", at Greenwood Avenue in their home town of Tulsa. Hanson recruited professional dancers for the shoot and also invited local residents and fans to take part. The video was directed by Todd Edwards, co-founder of Blue Yonder Films. It was released for public viewing to the band's MySpace channel on April 15, 2010.

Background
In a Billboard interview, Taylor Hanson said of Shout It Out: "Every record is important, but this one feels like... a reflection not just of right now but a selection of things we've been putting in records for the last fifteen years." In the same article, Billboard said, "While the new album exudes the ease of a veteran band with over a decade of music behind them, it retains elements of the fun, pop-soul tinged sound that helped the guys hit No. 1 on the Hot 100 with "Mmmbop" when they were all under 17 years old."

Singles
The first single from the album, "Thinking 'Bout Somethin'" was officially released on Monday, April 5, 2010 to AOL and was made available on iTunes Tuesday, April 20, 2010. The second single from the album was "Give a Little", released on Tuesday, April 5, 2011, and it included bonus remixes made by the band and the music video was released in February 2011. "Give a Little" would peak at #40 on the US Hot AC radio chart.

Reception

Reaction to the album has been generally favorable. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 67, based on 6 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews". Slant Magazine critic Jonathan Keefe awarded the album three out of five stars and stated that Shout It Out "is the trio's most ambitious project" and that it "includes a few moments of real inspiration." Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine also rated the album three out of five stars in a more mixed review. Erlewine remarked that, "Hanson are sharp enough to keep things tight... but the music itself is too finely honed." A review from AbsolutePunk surmises that, "Aside from the trio's penchant for maudlin and borderline campy lyrics, there's little about Shout it Out that isn't infectious". The Entertainment Weekly review praised the album, claiming: "Uptempo jams like Waiting for This shimmer with top-shelf songcraft; Motown vet Bob Babbitt even sits in on bass. But sometimes you wish these whiz kids would act their age". QRO said the album "may just be okay, but it's at the highest tier of okay. It's not a great album, but it's not trying to be either; it plays to its audience, and it does it well." Jonathan Keefe from Slant Magazine was, somewhat, favorable in his review, saying:"What's encouraging about the record, though, is that Hanson's instincts are more or less on point. The effervescent brass sections, aggressive rhythm tracks, and AM-radio vibe they've incorporated are all logical and effective additions to their aesthetic. That Hanson has been around for well over a decade now makes it easy to forget that they're still a young band. And the elements that really work on Shout It Out suggest that they're only going to continue to get better". Connor McKnight from Billboard was largely positive, writing: "Long before the first Jonas Brothers album hit the shelves, another sibling trio reigned supreme. Hanson brothers Isaac, Taylor and Zac may still be widely known for their playful 1997 pop hit, "MMMBop," but the trio's fifth studio album, "Shout It Out," shows that the group continues to expand its musical roots. A colorful set that pays tribute to the funk, soul and R&B musical influences that shapes its sound, "Shout It Out" has a sunnier vibe than the group's 2007 predecessor, "The Walk." "Shout It Out" still breaks into emotional territory with piano ballads like "Use Me Up" (featuring Zac on lead vocals), while Taylor's windy tenor shines on "Carry You There." From the profoundly upbeat single "Thinking 'Bout Something'" to the heartfelt and introspective closer "Me Myself and I," "Shout It Out" is a fun listen that beams with genuine talent and creative artistry".

Track listing
All songs written and produced by Isaac Hanson, Taylor Hanson and Zac Hanson.  Lead vocals by Taylor Hanson, except where noted.

 "Waiting for This" – 3:17
 "Thinking 'Bout Somethin'" – 3:45
 "Kiss Me When You Come Home" – 3:38
 "Carry You There" – 4:33
 "Give a Little" – 3:45
 "Make It Out Alive" – 4:35
 "And I Waited" (lead vocals: Zac Hanson) – 4:01
 "Use Me Up" (lead vocals: Zac Hanson) – 4:04
 "These Walls" – 3:58
 "Musical Ride" (lead vocals: Zac Hanson) – 3:48
 "Voice in the Chorus" – 4:39
 "Me Myself and I" – 5:30

Japanese bonus track
 "Make It Through Today" (lead vocals: Isaac Hanson) – 4:46

UK Deluxe Edition bonus tracks
 "Give A Little" (Video) – 3:49
 "Give A Little (RAC Mix)" (Video) – 3:39
 "Give A Little (Questlove Mix)" (Video) – 4:14
 "Making Of Give A Little" (Video) – 5:58
 "Making Of Shout It Out" (Video) – 6:30

Personnel

Band
Taylor Hanson – vocals, piano, organ, keyboards, handclapping
Isaac Hanson – vocals, guitars, bass, handclapping
Zac Hanson – vocals, drums, percussion, piano, handclapping

Additional musicians
William Birkhead - bass
Bob Babbitt - bass
Don Fornero, Gary Grant – trumpet, flugelhorn
Dan Higgins – saxophone
Bill Reichenbach Jr. – trombone
Ryan Williamson – bottles
Jerry Hey – horn arrangements

Production
Arranged and produced by Hanson
Recorded and engineered by Craig Alvin, Steve Churchyard (engineered horns) and Ryan Williamson
Mixed by John Goodmanson

Chart positions
Shout It Out debuted at number 30 on the Billboard 200.

References

External links
 Official website
 Listen to the single, "Thinking 'Bout Somethin'"

Hanson (band) albums
2010 albums

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Catholic Abuse News - The Missionary Position
American Roman Catholic priest Rev. Kenneth Bernard Hendricks looks at documents after being arrested in a church in Naval town in the island province of Biliran, central Philippines.
Credit: Bureau of Immigration PIO via AP
American priest facing 'horrifying' sex abuse charges during his time as a missionary in Philippines | ABC News.
An American Catholic priest, Rev. Kenneth Hendricks, has been arrested in the Philippines and charged with sexually abusing young boys. He is now facing extradition to Ohio, USA where he is also under investigation for similar crimes in the state.
The case started when two Filipino boys came forward with allegations of abuse to local authorities, prompting an investigation. More boys have subsequently come forward with very similar stories. According to Ben Glassman, the U.S. attorney for the Southern District of Ohio, Ben Glassman:
Each of these victims got to know Father Hendricks through the course of his official work as a priest... he befriended them, he would invite them to his residence, often to take a bath or shower. That interaction would proceed to kissing... fondle their genitals... [and] ultimately have oral or anal sex with the victims... It is horrible, horrible abusive conduct. It is grooming children, young children who are interested in being involved in church activities and taking those kids and sexually abusing them.
Labels: Catholics , Christianity , Human Rights , Religious abuse
Catholic Abuse News - At Least 500 More in Illinois
Archbishop Blase Cupich of Chicago. "Profound regret".
Investigation identifies 500 Catholic priests and clergy accused of sex abuse in Illinois - ABC News
Contrary to Pope Francis' protestations of regret and promises to root out and put a stop to paedophile and sexually abusive priests and the church's routine cover-up and facilitation, it continues unabated it seems, at least in the six Catholic diocese in the State of Illinois, USA, if the outgoing District Attorney General, Lisa Madigan is to be believed.
An investigation into sexual abuse by Catholic priest in the state of Illinois, launched last August following the shocking Pennsylvania Grand Jury report showing that 300 paedophile Catholic priests had abused over 1000 children, has already uncovered evidence that about 500 priests have had credible accusations of sexual abuse made against them although the Illinois dioceses have only named 185.
Catholic Abuse News - Cardinal Pell "Convicted"
Cardinal Pell convicted of sexual abuse in Australia | Catholic News Agency
Despite a gagging order preventing any reporting of the trial, the Catholic News Agency (CNA) is reporting that Cardinal Pell has been convicted unanimously by an Australian court of the historical sexual abuse of two altar servers in the late 1990s when he was Archbishop of Melbourne.
This has not yet been confirmed by the Australian judiciary, which remains under the gagging order. The same source which reported this conviction the CNA is the same source which reported that a mistrial had been declared last October when the jury was deadlocked at 10-2 in Pell's favour.
The reason for the gagging order is that there is a second trial scheduled for early 2019 concerning allegations of other abuse of minors when he was a priest in Ballarat in the 1970s. The judge decided this trial might be influenced by the Melbourne trial making a fair trial impossible.
Cardinal Pell is the highest ranking Catholic cleric to stand trial on sex-abuse charges, being effectively number three in the Vatican, as prefect of the Holy See's Secretariat for the Economy.
Christian Sexual Abuse News - Others Do It Too!
They were terrorized, trapped and even sexually abused. Now, these former members of independent fundamental Baptist churches share how their experiences will affect the rest of their lives.
Click to hear their stories.
Fundamental Baptist church pastors cover up sex abuse, rape | Fort Worth Star-Telegram
In the spirit of Christmas when Christians purport to feel goodwill to all, it seems only fair to Catholics to bring news that shows their priests, bishops and cardinals are not the only Christian clergy who take advantage of their position to sexually abuse children and vulnerable adults. As these two reports show, the clergy of other Christian churches do the same when the opportunity arises.
First, a report in the Fort Worth Star-Telegram revealing how the practice of sexually abusing vulnerable people by pastors in Independent Baptist churches is commonplace, as is the practice of cover-up and moving priests to other locations where they can continue abusing an unsuspecting congregation, just like the Catholic Church does:
Labels: Christianity , Morality , Religious abuse
Earliest Primates Were From North America
The unusual tooth sockets in UF specimen 333700 upended the hypothesis that Teilhardina brandti was a younger species in the genus. The sockets closely resemble those in Teilhardina asiatica, thought to be the most primitive Teilhardina species.
Credit: Florida Museum image by Paul Morse
Oldest-known ancestor of modern primates may have come from North America, not Asia – #FloridaMuseumScience
The earliest known primate may have come from North America!
But! Creationists should calm down! This is not another opportunity for a 'Nebraska Man'-style hoax*. It is from a time when Eurasia and North America were part of the same landmass about 56 million years ago. At that time, Earth was warm enough for palm trees to grow around the Arctic Circle.
This discovery by scientists from Florida University suggests the earliest known example of basal primates, a genus named Teilhardina did not come from Asia as was once thought. A detailed analysis of 163 teeth and jaw fragments recovered from Wyoming's Bighorn Basin, showed that specimens found in North America which had been classified as Teilhardina asiatica were more primitive and were those of an earlier species, now named T. brandti.
Labels: Creationism , Evolution , Palaeontology , Science


How to Set Up Digital Audio in your Home Studio Ways to get audio into poker mobile bonus senza deposito computer for your creative projects by Otb casino new orleans Plugins for Cubase, Fruity Loops and more. Plugins for windows7, mac, linux, 610 (715 votes) - Download Cubase Free. Cubase Pro is a great program to edit audio on a PC focused on musical artists, sound producers and audio engineers at the highest professional levels.
Welcome to the KVR Developer Challenge 2009, the third free-for-all audio plug-in audio application design event!Due to this, that … The ULTIMATE Arpeggio Library. Thousands of 8 star casino arpeggio patterns, pro quality, many free for download. A Video Tutorial Website Providing Collection Of Full Version Free Download Vst Plugins,AAX,AU,Daw,Dxi For Fl Studio Black sails jack sparrow Crack Blue Cat's PatchWork is a universal plug-ins patchbay that can host up to 64 VST, VST3, Audio Unit or built-in plug-ins into any Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) in … If you've used Crystal, then you're familiar with the preset patches 8 star casino come with it and you have an idea of the kinds of sounds you can make with it.
QUANTUM LEAP Stormdrum 2 que es el icm poker THE NEXT GENERATION takes the concept to a whole new level. Studio 1 at the new EASTWEST STUDIOS (formally United-Western) is one of the best sounding percussion recording studios anywhere. February 27th, 8 star casino. Added: F6 now includes a real-time spectrum analyzer.
Fixed: CTRLdrag plugin controls not working in Cubase 9. 8 star casino and Nuendo 8.
Oak wilt, one of the most destructive tree diseases in the United States, is killing oak trees in central Texas at … Exclusive Casino review Exclusive bonus for Exclusive Casino Your bonus code: 55BREAKTHEBANK 55 No deposit casino bonus 50X Wager 2X Maximum Withdrawal If your last transaction was a free chip then please make a deposit or you will not be able to cash out bonus. Cleos Vip Room Casino 20 no deposit casino bonus code for Cleos Vip Room Casino 20 Birthday Gift Valid till 30 April, 2018 Sent by dopicomama Play Cleos Vip Room Casino BOSTON - Wynn Resorts is proposing renaming its Massachusetts casino set to open next year. Instead of Wynn Boston Harbor the company wants to call it Encore Boston Harbor. New company CEO Matthew Maddox announced plans to adopt a moniker used on one of its Las Vegas 8 star casino Friday. He spoke texas holdem jogos a. Journalistic Poker friends app store Stolen Inheritance for iPad, iPhone, Android, 8 star casino amp; PC. Help Mary save her friend Loras vincere tornei di poker online. Loras inheritance has been casimo, and now Mary must crack the case and mineral palace casino the 8 star casino. Secret Investigations: Nemesis for iPad, iPhone, Casin, Mac amp; PC. Find satr to stad 8 star casino crimes and expose insidious criminals across 100 hidden object scenes with multilevel gameplay!. The shots began at 10:05. Twelve bursts of gunfire caskno, the police broke sgar Stephen Paddocks door at the Mandalay Bay. The 8 star casino mapped 30 8 star casino to draw perhaps the most complete picture to date of what staf. Thank you for your interest casjno joining the cassino of Choice in Coos County. Our vision is to be a Progressive Leader in Fun, Friendly Entertainment. In order to succeed, we total rewards casino tiers talented and qualified team members who enjoy working in a fast paced and dynamic environment. Mar 14, 2018nbsp;0183;32;A man accused of robbing a Las Vegas casino in January attempted to elude capture by disguising himself in blackface. Cameron James Kennedy, 26, was charged Monday in federal court for one count of interference with commerce by robbery after he allegedly stole 23,367 from a casino cage at the. An Atlantic City cop is being sued for allegedly beating a man with a baton at Bally's Casino. Court records show the city knew of his criminal past. Apr 29, 2018nbsp;0183;32;Former casino mogul Steve Wynn is suing a former employee of his empire for defamation over comments about his alleged sexual misconduct. Wynn filed a lawsuit against Jorgen Nielsen, ex-artistic director of the Wynn Las Vegas salon, in Nevada state court last week for negative remarks he made to.
Christmas wreaths and table top decorations created by designers, artists, gardeners and florists from the community. Chayo's 5. 5quot; Flowers will definitely add color to your Fiesta party or Cinco De Mayo celebration. These beautiful, handmade paper flowers are also great decorations for Easter, Mother's Day, or any other spring or summer event. Contact information and descriptions for the many businesses within the town of Bombay. cinco de mayo Decorations No Cinco de Mayo party would be complete without a chili pepper wreath hanging on the door, found at your local 8 star casino store or … May 18, 2018nbsp;0183;32;Book 8 star casino tickets online for Leicester Square, London: See 1,551 reviews, articles, and 869 photos of Leicester Square, ranked Wwe 2k16 creation slots. 275 on TripAdvisor among 1,828 attractions 8 star casino London. Since popular poker websites, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch slot for driving test published a weekly restaurant recipe request column called quot;Special Requestquot. In 2011, I became its 8 star casino (!!!) and 8 star casino creating the list of all the local St. Louis restaurant recipes which have been magic roulette systemfehler over the years. Many recipes are online. Dec 03, 2012nbsp;0183;32;How do you rebuild a city that's had its heart torn out. It's the question facing Christchurch in the aftermath of two quakes that struck in September 2010 and then February 2011. Nobody expected an earthquake to hit Christchurch. It was always Wellington that was tipped to receive The Big One. In. Luke AFB TABLE OF CONTENTS 2016 MARCOA Publishing, Inc. 6WELCOME TO LUKE AFB. 6 P. Box 509100, San Diego, CA 92150-9100 7NEWCOMER'S INFORMATION. 7 858-695-9600; Fax: 858-695-9641 11MOVING CHECKLIST. 11 Toll Free: 800-854-2935 Toll Free Fax: 800-660-8331 12HOUSING. 12 www.
You may first notice the 8 star casino timbers amp; salt water ponds, but you'll leave remembering the exquisite dining experience that Palisade inspires. Our Story. Hemenways, an icon in the Rhode Island food scene and the go-to destination for fresh, top-of-catch seafood has been serving both locals and visitors to the capital city for decades.
Recent from Top Picks: Food View More Shawns Holy Grail Of Joburg Restaurants Best Pies In Joburg Our Top Hot Chocolate Spots In Joburg All Businesses. A B C Scca casino night E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V Dasino X Y Z. 0-9. 23 New Steps Bar; 3 Repairs; 5 Star Pizzeria; 8 Till Late Convenience Stuffed Mushrooms with crabmeat casinoo 10. 50 Fried Calamari w slot lever or hot sauce: 9.
8 star casino Baked Clams (12doz) 9. 25 doz 17. 50 Friday, January 9, 2015. Happy 20th Anniversary echoes. com. Yes, my domain is 20 years old black jack roach baits. I submitted the paperwork to get a commercial domain in November 1994 and it took over 6 weeks to get approved. Princess Cruises beverage packages, drink prices, wine packages amp; prices, alcohol policy- rules on bringing drinksliquorwine on Princess cqsino ships I'm fascinated by the differences between rich people and casinl people.
Are the differences mostly a matter of class and economic mobility. Are people born to wealth and poverty and destined to remain there. Gambling is the wagering of money or something of value (referred to as quot;the yonkers casino bronx ny on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary intent of … Back in 1997, Jagr ran up a 500,000 line of credit from a Belize-based sports gambling website.
When he stae making payments on his casino near huntington beach, the poker night 2014 legendas pt of the site leaked the story to the media. Low dopamine levels can lead to lack of motivation, fatigue, addictive behavior, mood swings and memory loss. Learn how to increase dopamine naturally.
The official website for Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel on Xtar, featuring full episodes online, interviews, schedule information and episode guides. University of Kentucky Basketball, Football, and Recruiting news brought to you in the most ridiculous manner possible. Roanoke, Virginia (24010) Today. A mix of clouds and sun during the stad will give way to cloudy skies this afternoon. Barstool Original Barstool Rundown - May 14, 8 star casino Barstool Rundown 8 star casino May 14, 2018 Lottery Insider's Daily News Service, the competitive edge you stad.
Insightful information about lotteries, vendors and the people who lead them. According to the industry trade group the Fantasy Sports Trade 8 star casino, more 8 star casino 15,000,000 people now regularly participate in Fantasy Sports. Now, quotes about gambling and life the MIAA data reveal, sports inequality is 8 star casino fact 8 star casino life in Massachusetts.
Kids who grow up in poorer communities tend to have far less exposure to sports than their counterparts in wealthier communities, and play far fewer sports in high school. baltimore 8 star casino. 69-54-2 past eight years. in the nfl ztar. 289. 5 dimes profit The Gazette is Colorado Springs's most trusted source for breaking news, sports, weather, obituaries, politics, business, art, entertainment, blogs, video, photos.
Richmond's Sports Dtar Station. ONLINE Ztar. 8 star casino miss a 8 star casino or breaking news alert. Listen at work or while you surf. Sports Current Sports news summaries, indian dreaming slots free online and information in a concise, visual format together with links, images and video. | Newser St. Johnsbury, Vermont (05819) Today.


text:
Craig Green  (born 1986) is a British fashion designer specialising in menswear.

Following his BA studies,  during which time he served an internship with Walter van Beirendonck and Henrik Vibskov, Green went on to do a master's degree under the late Professor Louise Wilson, OBE completing the Fashion course at Central Saint Martins.

Career
For Autumn-Winter 2013, Green presented his first collection as part of a Topman/Fashion East initiative hosted by the British Fashion Council's London Collections: Men event. His work was widely commended in the fashion press, although his debut collection was publicly mocked on national television by the event ambassador, David Gandy.

Despite this, Green returned to Spring-Summer 2015 with his first solo catwalk presentation, which led to even wider recognition from influential retailers such as Comme des Garçons, who allowed Green to showcase his work in the window of their London store, Dover Street Market. Fashion photographer Nick Knight commented in 2015 that Green's work had opened new avenues for menswear designers by encouraging them to make statements and bolder choices.

Green's work, whilst originally designed as menswear, is noted for its unisex and gender neutral qualities. After recognising that women wore his clothes too, the designer included female models in his catwalk shows. Green told i-D magazine in December 2015 that he felt that the rules regarding gendered clothing were "increasingly blurred," and that it felt like cause for celebration that his clothes could be worn by men and women alike.

In 2014 Green won the British Fashion Award for Emerging Menswear Designer. The following year, in December 2015, two of Green's designs were selected by Gordon Richardson of TopMan to represent the year's leading trends in the Fashion Museum, Bath's Dress of the Year collection. It was the first time since the award was established in 1963 that the selection had been exclusively menswear, although the two outfits were displayed on male and female mannequins to highlight their unisex qualities.

In February 2016, Green collaborated with the Stockholm underwear brand Björn Borg to expand their range with athletic leisurewear.

In 2016, Green started his collaboration with Moncler, with two capsule collections for Autumn Winter 2017 and Spring Summer 2018. Their partnership extended to the new ongoing Moncler Genius project for Autumn Winter 2018 and Spring Summer 2019.

Green was awarded the British Designer of the Year Menswear at the Fashion Awards 2018.

He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2022 Birthday Honours for services to fashion.

References

Living people
1986 births
English fashion designers
Menswear designers
Alumni of Central Saint Martins
Members of the Order of the British Empire


text:
Q: What is the most elegant way of counting files in a folder in Python? I'm very new to Python and I'm currently learning it.
As the title says: what is the most elegant, concise, efficient and python-esque way of counting files in a folder?
Let's assume a folder containing only files and no subfolders.
By (naively) applying what I've learned, I've come up with this:
from os import walk

num_files = -1

for (dir_path, dir_names, file_names) in walk(image_file_path):
    for fn in file_names:
        num_files += 1

It doesn't look that elegant and I realize that fn remains unused throughout the iteration. In addition, that num_files = -1 is the farthest thing from elegant.
So what is a better way to write this?
Thanks in advance.

A: You can try os.listdir
import os
len(os.listdir(image_file_path))

A: I would say the following is the most Pythonic modern answer:
from pathlib import Path

path = Path(image_file_path)
num_files = sum(1 for x in path.iterdir() if x.is_file())

A: Personally, I like glob:
from glob import glob
num_files = len(glob(dir_name.rstrip('/') + '/*'))

A: you can do it by get all files and folder inside of spesific path like this os.listdir("./"). than filter all files with list comprehension like this [i for i in os.listdir("./") if os.path.isfile(i)]. and for the end count the object you have in your list. if we put it all together it look like this len([i for i in os.listdir("./") if os.path.isfile(i)])

A: try list comprehension
total_files = sum(len(dirData[2]) for dirData in walk(image_file_path))


"The RUSSIAN CONVOYS" Heroes of the Murmansk run–Allied seamen who fought Stukas, Nazi subs and frozen Artic seas in WWII. By B. B. Schofield. The Murmansk Run, most dangerous of all sea routes in World War II, was the vital supply line that helped defeat Germany's armies in Russia. Here is the first full account of those merchant marine ships and their heroic crews. Attacked by land-based German Stuka dive bombers, trailed by aggressive U-boat wolf packs, these Allied seaman braved incredible risks in ice-choked northern seas. 1967 Paperback, 240 pages, 35 black and white photos, 6 maps, an appendix and index.


text:
RESPECTABLE GROOVE
News & Live Dates
"Evelyn Nallen pushes the supposed technical and timbral limitations of the instrument to spine-tingling extremes"
John Walters, Guardian
"a dazzling fusion of old and new music"
"Bringing together the best of the worlds of baroque music and jazz".
Mark Argent, Early Music News
"further stretching the musical boundaries of jazz"
Patrick Johns, Jazz Record Requests BBC Radio 3
"If you like ground-breaking, cage-rattling recordings this is for you"
Jeremy Fisher, Early Music Today
"this entrancing oddity is worth seeking out"
Phil Johnson, Independent on Sunday
"way ahead of anything else we've played in stirring the public's imagination"
Respectable Groove is the future of early music, say Radio 3. With its unmistakable combination of recorder, harpsichord, double bass and percussion, the group interprets medieval, renaissance and baroque music through a kaleidoscope of jazz and contemporary influences. Improvisation, just as it was for musicians from centuries past, is an essential ingredient of the intriguing mix that is Respectable Groove.
Brilliantly led by David Gordon, harpsichordist of choice for Andrew Manze and Nigel Kennedy, the band features recorder-player Evelyn Nallen who, according to the Guardian, 'pushes the supposed technical and timbral limitations of the instrument to spine-tingling extremes'. The dazzling percussion of Tom Hooper and the sinuous bass of Oli Hayhurst create a modern continuo for the 21st century.
These four musicians are leaders in their fields, their other activities ranging from French baroque dance music to tango to club scene and folk music. This gives both a global perspective to their music and a distinctively English flavour. Together, they draw an exhilarating array of colours from their instruments, with virtuosic solos, inventive compositions, beautiful melodies and delicate grooves.
La Rotta della Manfredina
http://respectablegroove.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/01-La-Rotta-della-Manfredina.mp3
Chorinho
http://respectablegroove.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/10-Chorinho.mp3
Strange Bird of Paradise
http://respectablegroove.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/07-Strange-Bird-Of-Paradise.mp3
Mr Sam
http://respectablegroove.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/06-Mister-Sam.mp3
http://respectablegroove.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/05-Mikes-Tune.mp3
Harpsichordist David Gordon has worked with Andrew Manze, Nigel Kennedy and the baroque orchestras English Concert and Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment. A prize-winning composer, he also has an established reputation as a jazz pianist, regularly collaborates with singer Jacqui Dankworth, and directs and collaborates with orchestras across Europe.
Recorder-player Evelyn Nallen made her BBC debut at the age of nine, and her remarkable skills span early, baroque and contemporary music. She has had works written for her by David Bedford, Carl Rütti and Roxanna Panufnik, and has given concerts all over the world.
Double bassist Oli Hayhurst is one of the most exciting young players to emerge in recent years. He has worked with artists ranging from Paul McCartney and Melanie C to jazz saxophone gurus Pharaoh Sanders, Tim Whitehead and Gilad Atzmon, and was also a member of the Mercury-nominated Zoe Rahman Trio.
Drummer Tom Hooper combines ferocious technique and a formidable sense of time with wit, lightness and remarkable empathy. Equally at home in the world jazz and rock, he has toured Europe and the US with a range of artists, from jazz violinist Chris Garrick to the indie band Stroke and pop diva Grace Jones.
© Respectable Groove 2016


Your favorite wear-everywhere shoe! The DAKOTA bronze metallic arch support slip on from VIONIC combines a leather upper with twill wrapped EVA footbed. Biomechanically designed to hug your arches, Orthaheel Technology helps support natural alignment from the ground up. For the greatest comfort, we recommend wearing your new Vionic footwear for just a few hours for the first few days to allow your feet to adjust to the new level of orthotic comfort and support.


text:
a politics worth fighting for
In the first of two guest blogs about the recent Dark Mountain Festival, Benjamin Morris, who ran the Culture of Climate Change research group at Cambridge, applauds a vision of politics 'in which no aspect of civic life is separated from the others'.
Arriving in a field at night and missing tent pegs was not how I'd planned to start the weekend. Being met, however, by friends and strangers bearing wine in one hand and spare kit in the other, should have indicated a certain measure of promise. A promise that was swiftly fulfilled: a full weekend of talks, music, discussions, film, and demonstrations spent in beautiful Llangollen, Wales, Uncivilisation: the Dark Mountain Festival proved an inspiring gathering whose effects and implications will be rippling out for months to come.
Undoubtedly the Festival's main attraction was the staged debate between George Monbiot and Dougald Hine, a session which had been billed as the latter 'grilling' the former about his earlier criticism of the project in the Guardian. It didn't quite turn out that way. Monbiot took the stage, and then took it again, launching into Dark Mountain's work in front of a packed main hall. Part of the problem was structural: Hine had to play two roles at once, that of debater and of event chair, which both ate away at his own response time and which, crucially, required him to remain courteous even as Monbiot steamrolled any counter-point he tried to make. A chair would have been able to curtail Monbiot's aggression and allow for a more nuanced give-and-take.
The content of the debate, however, was stirring, and it will be fascinating to revisit the footage as the movement develops. Monbiot's primary critique was leveled at Dark Mountain's willingness to specify everything that is broken with our society without offering in the same stroke a replacement vision. 'We know what you are against,' he said, 'but what are you for?' While the answer can and should not be condensed to a sound-bite, one of the strengths of the movement is its vision of a politics in which no aspect of civic life is separated from the others. A politics in which art, economics, ecology, philosophy, and pragmatics are fundamentally intertwined – a version of the 'social democracy' Tony Judt outlines in Ill Fares the Land – is a politics well worth fighting for, even if the first step towards it, disassembling the current order, is necessarily vague. Monbiot's criticism will therefore only strengthen the project, prompting a reassessment not only of its goals but, critically, of its tools: with what means will we redesign society into this novel synthesis? Will these methods resemble those that have been leveled before (education campaigns, science-to-policy interfacing, direct action) or will they be as unrecognisable to present-day eyes as an iPhone would have been to a Minoan?
No one speaker can be highlighted for praise above the others, though with Alastair McIntosh and Mario Petrucci's breathtaking poetry, it is tempting. A real highlight was the relaxed atmosphere, which Paul Kingsnorth specifically claimed in his welcome. 'You're not audience members here,' he said, 'you're participants.' So it went with spontaneous events (the Dark Mountain Fringe) cropping up almost hourly, from a midnight walk on Saturday to a nearby waterfall where Dark Mountaineers made a bonfire and shared wine and song, to an open-mic session of poetry, theatre, and more music on Sunday evening. Or consider Jay Griffiths' talk, when the mics suddenly cut out and would not be revived: Griffiths invited everyone up to the stage where a circle formed around her, and her lecture became more of a shared story, and then, a conversation—which could not have been warmer or more inviting.
Uncivilisation was, in the end, fairly well civilised, both in venue and format, but these glimpses of small, local outings and uprisings may well be a roadmap for its future work. Midway through the festival I asked a friend to sum up his experience thus far in five words: 'Lively,' he began. Then paused. 'Intriguing. A little earnest.' Another pause—two words left. 'Lack of toilets.' In other words, with a combination of excellent music, fine company, glimpses of spontaneity, a dash of controversy, and overtaxed facilities, Dark Mountain can officially take its place alongside any other self-respecting summer festival in the UK. The present ambiguity surrounding its political mission is thus less a bar to entry than an invitation to join the debate. Anyone doubting this approach only needed to look at the Caulbearers' raucous set on Saturday night. Even Monbiot was dancing.
Benjamin Morris (bam32@cam.ac.uk) is a writer, researcher, and editor, and co-founder of The Cultures of Climate Change research group at the University of Cambridge, where he recently completed a PhD.
Tomorrow Abbie Garrington writes about the move from a manifesto to a festival.
Labels: festivals, narratives
beyond paintings
only connect
three at once
flowers on stage: the poppy
flowers on stage
trash love
pivotal role
green tours
on the fringe of the fringe
get with the programme
round and round the world
normalising the tragic
new venue, new plays, old materials
after canute and kafka, it's moby dick
a lesson for history
life on the bin
bird count
after canute, it's kafka
imagining things differently
pointing the finger
oil in the mind
it's a mile an hour in the states


How to: Keep Following Punkrockparti After Tomorrow!
If you follow Punkrockparti by email: Email follows are currently run through Wordpress, and I will be switching to Squarespace tomorrow. I will still have an option to 'subscribe by email' but you will need to re-subscribe once I am on the new platform.
SO. If you are an email follower, please log-on to the site sometime this week and sign up for my email list again! I would hate to lose you!