text:
Riley 'on a good track' to earn PGA TOUR card
By Adam Stanley, PGATOUR.COM
Davis Riley is on the cusp of qualifying for the Korn Ferry Tour Finals. (Michael Reaves/Getty Images)
Davis Riley admits his decision in January to turn professional was a scary thought. Now, it might be the best decision he's ever made.
Riley, who decided to forgo his final semester at the University of Alabama in favor of turning professional – but didn't have any status to start the Korn Ferry Tour in January – has parlayed a handful of successful Monday Qualifier results into full status for the balance of the year.
With just three tournaments left in the season, he's on the cusp of earning a spot in the Korn Ferry Tour Finals, and potentially, a PGA TOUR card.
"I came out and had belief in my game. I trusted what I was doing," says Riley. "I had the right people around me and a great support system around me, which helped me excel right when I came out, so I could hit the ground running.
"I set my goal at the beginning of the year as, 'an opportunity to get my TOUR card' and I'm on a good track for that."
Riley finished T18 in Bogota to earn a spot at the Panama Championship to start his run, and he qualified for both the LECOM Health Challenge and the Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail Championship before getting a sponsor's exemption into the Evans Scholars Invitational. He Monday Qualified for the REX Hospital Open and finished T7, which got him into the following week at the BMW Charity Pro-Am presented by SYNNEX Corporation, where he finished T-15.
That result gave him status on the Korn Ferry Tour for the balance of the year. He's 65th on the season-long points list going into this week in Springfield, Missouri.
"I really just embraced knowing it was going to be a tough road, coming out with no status. I embraced it and just tried to play the best I could every time I teed it up," says Riley. "I didn't have guaranteed starts or anything like that. I was really serious and into every week I played because I look at it as an opportunity."
Riley had a successful college career and a decorated run as an amateur, reaching as high as 8th in the World Amateur Golf Rankings. He says his decision to turn professional in the middle of the college golf season was a hard one. But he sat down with the management company he was going to sign with, family, and coaches, and says the decision just made a lot of sense. His game was ready, he says, and by starting in January, he had an extra six months or so to earn a TOUR card.
"Obviously it was really tough. The guys I was playing with are my best friends. And they really were true friends. They were very supportive in my decision and they understood," says Riley. "Honestly, there was just more time to get a TOUR card, and I felt like where my game was at, it was the right time."
That family atmosphere at Alabama is something that's carried over into his first full year on the Korn Ferry Tour, too.
Friend and occasional roommate Robby Shelton ("He's an unbelievable player and I just knew it was a matter of time for him. There's no doubt in my mind he was going to get a TOUR card and be a great TOUR player," says Riley) is also an Alabama golf product, along with Tom Lovelady, Lee Hodges, and more. Even Emma Talley on the LPGA Tour gets in on the support from the guys.
Riley says Shelton, who has won twice this year, has been a huge help even with the little things like where to stay on the road. The camaraderie has been helpful to make things more comfortable. Even though everyone has left college and is on the next level now, the support system remains.
And that support comes even from one of the best players in the world.
Justin Thomas is on a big group text with most of the guys, and has become a great friend to guys like Riley, who says he's lucky to be able to bounce things off of the former FedExCup champion.
Riley says Thomas was one of the first players he ever met when he was on a recruiting visit to Alabama, and they've been in touch ever since. He bounces ideas off Thomas now, and Thomas was a key sounding board when Riley was weighing his options in terms of turning professional.
"Not that he persuaded me about turning pro or staying – he didn't tell me to do either. He just told me 'you know when' and that it's 'your career and not anyone else's. Just do the best for you,'" says Riley. "He's been a huge help for me just starting out, and even in my college career."
Now that Riley is getting closer to joining Thomas on the PGA TOUR and where he's going next, he reflects back on where he came from – a small town in Mississippi – with fondness.
Riley grew up in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, a town with a population of only 45,000 and the home of the University of Southern Mississippi. He was about 150 yards from the clubhouse of Canebrake Country Club and would walk over, every day, even in the sweltering south Mississippi heat ("I'll argue with just about anyone that it's the hottest place on earth," he says with a laugh) as a youngster.
Now, on the rare occasion he does get to return home – Riley says he's planning to move to Dallas soon to set up a home-base, since his coaches, management team, and girlfriend of nearly 20 months are there already – he'll do that same walk to a little shaded area on the driving range to put in work.
The young boy with a dream has turned into a young man with a plan.
"Up to this point I'm really satisfied with how I've played," says Riley of his year to this point on the Korn Ferry Tour, "but I think my best golf is still ahead of me."
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This model of a steam sprayer for antiseptic surgical procedures was devised in the late 19th Century by French surgeon Just Lucas-Championnière. It can be seen in a showcase of the Musée d'Histoire de la Médecine of the Université Paris Descartes, Paris. It was used at that time in the Paris hospitals.


Caterpillar is ending its investment in Uptake, a Chicago data analytics startup.
Caterpillar is ending its investment in Uptake, Groupon co-founder Brad Keywell's data analytics startup.
The equipment manufacturer took an early minority stake in Uptake, which CEO Keywell and fellow Groupon co-founder Eric Lefkofsky launched in 2014. Caterpillar, now based in Deerfield, has been gathering data from its machinery using Uptake's technology in an effort to make that equipment more efficient for customers.
Caterpillar will no longer hold a stake in Uptake, according to a statement from Caterpillar. It will remain a customer of Uptake, said Abby Hunt, a spokeswoman for the startup.
Neither Hunt nor Caterpillar spokeswoman Rachel Potts would elaborate on the terms of Caterpillar's exit. The size and terms of the investment were never disclosed.
"The digital environment continues to rapidly evolve, and we are likewise adapting to deliver to our customers transformational technology to maximize value obtained through data-driven, real-time fleet management," said Robert Charter, a Caterpillar group president with responsibility for driving the company's digital vision.
Uptake has grown "significantly across industries," Keywell said in a statement. Uptake did not make him available for an interview.
Earlier this year, the startup announced a $40 million funding deal that valued it at $2 billion. In April, Uptake announced that it added $50 million to that round of funding. It also entered into a deal with famed investor Warren Buffett's energy business portfolio.
"The scale and scope of our expansion warranted the realignment of our relationship with Caterpillar," Keywell said in the statement.
The 3-year-old company has expanded to analyze data in 10 industries, including agriculture, aviation, mining and energy. The valuation Uptake secured earlier this year placed it among the unicorns, or startups valued at $1 billion or more.
It has raised about $146 million in funding overall, according to research firm Crunchbase. Other investors include Revolution Growth, a Washington, D.C.-based venture capital firm headed by AOL founder Steve Case; Chicago-based GreatPoint Ventures; and Lightbank, Keywell and Lefkofsky's venture capital firm.
Uptake employs about 800 people, most of whom are at its headquarters in the Goose Island neighborhood, Hunt said. It announced in October that it hired two former General Electric executives.


text:
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.Color;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import java.awt.Font;

public class CalculatorGUI extends JFrame {

	private JPanel contentPane;
	private JTextField textField;

	/**
	 * Launch the application.
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				try {
					CalculatorGUI frame = new CalculatorGUI();
					frame.setVisible(true);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Create the frame.
	 */
	public CalculatorGUI() {
		setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		setBounds(100, 100, 450, 300);
		contentPane = new JPanel();
		contentPane.setBackground(new Color(153, 102, 153));
		contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
		setContentPane(contentPane);
		contentPane.setLayout(null);

		Calculator myCalculator = new Calculator();

		textField = new JTextField();
		textField.setBounds(23, 35, 294, 45);
		contentPane.add(textField);
		textField.setColumns(10);

		JButton button1 = new JButton("1");
		button1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("1");
				myCalculator.numberButtonPressed(1);
			}
		});
		button1.setBounds(23, 92, 82, 29);
		contentPane.add(button1);

		JButton button2 = new JButton("2");
		button2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("2");
				myCalculator.numberButtonPressed(2);
			}
		});
		button2.setBounds(128, 92, 82, 29);
		contentPane.add(button2);

		JButton button3 = new JButton("3");
		button3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("3");
				myCalculator.numberButtonPressed(3);
			}
		});
		button3.setBounds(235, 92, 82, 29);
		contentPane.add(button3);

		JButton button4 = new JButton("4");
		button4.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("4");
				myCalculator.numberButtonPressed(4);
			}
		});
		button4.setBounds(23, 121, 82, 29);
		contentPane.add(button4);

		JButton button5 = new JButton("5");
		button5.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("5");
				myCalculator.numberButtonPressed(5);
			}
		});
		button5.setBounds(128, 121, 82, 29);
		contentPane.add(button5);

		JButton button6 = new JButton("6");
		button6.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("6");
				myCalculator.numberButtonPressed(6);
			}
		});
		button6.setBounds(235, 121, 82, 29);
		contentPane.add(button6);

		JButton button7 = new JButton("7");
		button7.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("7");
				myCalculator.numberButtonPressed(7);
			}
		});
		button7.setBounds(23, 151, 82, 29);
		contentPane.add(button7);

		JButton button8 = new JButton("8");
		button8.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("8");
				myCalculator.numberButtonPressed(8);
			}
		});
		button8.setBounds(128, 151, 82, 29);
		contentPane.add(button8);

		JButton button9 = new JButton("9");
		button9.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("9");
				myCalculator.numberButtonPressed(9);
			}
		});
		button9.setBounds(235, 151, 82, 29);
		contentPane.add(button9);

		JButton buttonPlus = new JButton("+");
		buttonPlus.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
		buttonPlus.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("+");
				myCalculator.plus();
			}
		});
		buttonPlus.setBounds(357, 92, 75, 29);
		contentPane.add(buttonPlus);

		JButton buttonMinus = new JButton("-");
		buttonMinus.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("-");
				myCalculator.minus();
			}
		});
		buttonMinus.setBounds(357, 121, 75, 29);
		contentPane.add(buttonMinus);

		JButton buttonX = new JButton("x");
		buttonX.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("x");
				myCalculator.mult();
			}
		});
		buttonX.setBounds(357, 151, 75, 29);
		contentPane.add(buttonX);

		JButton buttonEqual = new JButton("=");
		buttonEqual.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				myCalculator.equals();
				int i = myCalculator.getResult();
				textField.setText(String.valueOf(i));
			}
		});
		buttonEqual.setBounds(111, 222, 117, 29);
		contentPane.add(buttonEqual);

		JLabel lblMinirknare = new JLabel("MINIRÄKNARE");
		lblMinirknare.setFont(new Font("Georgia", Font.PLAIN, 22));
		lblMinirknare.setBounds(95, 6, 188, 29);
		contentPane.add(lblMinirknare);

		JButton button = new JButton("0");
		button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("0");
				myCalculator.numberButtonPressed(0);
			}
		});
		button.setBounds(128, 181, 82, 29);
		contentPane.add(button);

		JButton btnClear = new JButton("Clear");
		btnClear.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				textField.setText("");
				myCalculator.clear();
			}
		});
		btnClear.setBounds(357, 44, 75, 29);
		contentPane.add(btnClear);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
ENZYMES AND PROTEINS
Steady-State Kinetic Analysis of Phosphotransacetylase from Methanosarcina thermophila
Sarah H. Lawrence, James G. Ferry
Sarah H. Lawrence
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-4500
James G. Ferry
For correspondence: jgf3@psu.edu
Phosphotransacetylase (EC 2.3.1.8) catalyzes the reversible transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl phosphate to coenzyme A (CoA), forming acetyl-CoA and inorganic phosphate. A steady-state kinetic analysis of the phosphotransacetylase from Methanosarcina thermophila indicated that there is a ternary complex kinetic mechanism rather than a ping-pong kinetic mechanism. Additionally, inhibition patterns of products and a nonreactive substrate analog suggested that the substrates bind to the enzyme in a random order. Dynamic light scattering revealed that the enzyme is dimeric in solution.
Together with acetate kinase (equation 2), phosphotransacetylase (Pta) plays an essential role (equation 1) in the conversion of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to acetate and in the synthesis of ATP in fermentative anaerobes belonging to the domain Bacteria. Acetate kinase and Pta also activate acetate to acetyl-CoA (reverse of equations 1 and 2) for conversion to methane and carbon dioxide in the energy-yielding metabolism of Methanosarcina species belonging to the domain Archaea. $$mathtex$$\[\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{COS-CoA}{+}\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2{-}}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{CO}_{2}\mathrm{PO}_{3}^{2{-}}{+}\mathrm{CoA}\]$$mathtex$$(1) $$mathtex$$\[\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{CO}_{2}\mathrm{PO}_{3}^{2{-}}{+}\mathrm{ADP}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{COO}^{{-}}{+}\mathrm{ATP}\]$$mathtex$$(2) Pta was first purified from a fermentative organism, Clostridium kluyveri, in the 1950s (13). Early kinetic analyses of the Ptas from C. kluyveri and Veillonella alcalescens belonging to the domain Bacteria are consistent with the presence of a ternary complex kinetic mechanism (2, 6, 10). Mechanistic analyses of the enzyme were abandoned until cloning and heterologous expression of Pta from Methanosarcina thermophila, a methane-producing organism belonging to the domain Archaea, which allowed application of modern biochemical techniques (7). The recently published crystal structure of M. thermophila Pta, along with kinetic analyses of site-specific replacement variants (3, 8, 11), have made this enzyme the preferred model for elucidation of the catalytic mechanism of Pta. As Ptas from diverse fermentative microbes belonging to the domain Bacteria exhibit high levels of sequence identity (4), an understanding of the M. thermophila Pta can be extrapolated to all Ptas. The steady-state kinetic analysis of M. thermophila Pta presented here suggests that the kinetic mechanism proceeds through random formation of a ternary complex. Our results provide a kinetic foundation essential for interpreting structural information for the M. thermophila Pta (4, 8) in order to elucidate the catalytic mechanism.
The Pta from M. thermophila was heterologously expressed and purified as described previously (5), and the preparation appeared to be homogeneous, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The homogeneity and approximate hydrodynamic radius of Pta were examined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a DynaPro-MS800 molecular sizing instrument (Protein Solutions, Lakewood, NJ) as follows. A 40-μl aliquot of Pta (2.5 mg/ml) in 25 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2) containing 180 mM KCl was centrifuged (10,000 × g, 10 min), and an aliquot was loaded into a 12-μl quartz cuvette. The hydrodynamic radius, molecular weight, and size distribution were determined by the means of at least 10 DLS measurements. Data analysis was performed using Dynamics 5.0 (Protein Solutions, Lakewood, NJ). A sample DLS data set is shown in Fig. 1. Although the enzyme was initially reported to exist in solution as a monomer (7), Pta was found to have a hydrodynamic radius of 3.7 ± 0.1 nm, corresponding to a molecular mass of 71 ± 3 kDa, which is twice the calculated molecular mass of a Pta monomer. The observed molecular mass indicated that Pta exists in solution as a dimer, which is consistent with the dimeric states observed for the crystal structures of Ptas from M. thermophila and Streptococcus pyogenes (4, 14).
The rates for both the forward (acetyl-CoA-forming) and reverse (acetyl phosphate-forming) directions of the reaction catalyzed by Pta were measured at 25°C by monitoring the change in absorbance at 233 nm concomitant with formation or hydrolysis of the thioester bond of acetyl-CoA (ε = 4,360 M−1), using a 0.1-cm-path-length quartz cuvette in a Hewlett-Packard 8452A diode array spectrophotometer. The standard reaction mixture (200 μl) contained 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), 20 mM NH4Cl, 20 mM KCl, 2 mM dithiothreitol, the appropriate substrate for the experiment, and a concentration of Pta sufficient to yield a linear rate over at least 2 min (usually 0.05 μg/ml). Reactions were initiated by addition of the second substrate. All components were maintained on ice and warmed to 25°C immediately prior to initiation of the reaction.
The initial velocity patterns of the two-substrate, two-product reaction catalyzed by Pta were investigated in order to differentiate between a ternary complex kinetic mechanism and a ping-pong kinetic mechanism. For each direction of the reaction catalyzed by Pta, the initial velocity of the reaction was measured by using a matrix of five different concentrations of each substrate. Rates were measured using the standard activity assay, and each reaction was initiated by addition of the varied substrate. Data were expressed as double-reciprocal plots and fitted globally using Grafit 5.0 (9) to equation 3 describing the pattern for a ternary complex kinetic mechanism (1): $$mathtex$$\[1/v{=}K_{\mathrm{B}}/V[1{+}K_{D\mathrm{A}}/A](1/B){+}1/V(1{+}K_{\mathrm{A}}/A)\]$$mathtex$$(3) where V is the maximal velocity, A and B are the concentrations of the varied and fixed substrates, respectively, KA and KB are the Michaelis constants for substrates A and B, respectively, and KD(A) is the dissociation constant for the varied substrate.
For both directions, the data yielded sets of intersecting lines fitted to equation 1 (Fig. 2). For the forward direction, Michaelis constants of 186 ± 6 and 65 ± 7 μM were obtained for acetyl phosphate and CoA, respectively, and the kcat was 5,190 ± 30 s−1. For the reverse direction, Michaelis constants of 96 ± 13 and 742 ± 86 μM were obtained for acetyl-CoA and phosphate, respectively, and the kcat was 1,500 ± 30 s−1. The initial velocity patterns were similar to those observed for the Ptas from V. alcalescens and C. kluyveri (2, 10) and are consistent with a kinetic mechanism that proceeds via formation of a ternary complex between Pta and both substrates prior to any chemical step, rather than via a ping-pong mechanism.
The product inhibition patterns of the reaction catalyzed by Pta were analyzed to determine if substrate binding and product release are random or ordered. Inhibition of the forward (acetyl-CoA-forming) reaction catalyzed by Pta by the product inhibitors, acetyl-CoA and inorganic phosphate, was analyzed with respect to various concentrations of the substrates, CoA and acetyl phosphate, using the standard activity assay. All four product-substrate pairs were analyzed at saturating and subsaturating conditions using a matrix of five concentrations of substrates and inhibitors for each experiment. Data were expressed as double-reciprocal plots and analyzed to determine the nature of the inhibition. Data were fitted using Grafit 5.0 (9) to equations describing competitive (equation 4) or noncompetitive (equation 5) inhibition using two-dimensional least-squares analysis (12). $$mathtex$$\[1/v{=}K_{m}/V(1{+}I/K_{i})(1/S){+}1/V\]$$mathtex$$(4) $$mathtex$$\[1/v{=}K_{m}/V(1{+}I/K_{i})(1/S){+}1/V(1{+}I/K_{i})\]$$mathtex$$(5) where Km is the Michaelis constant for the substrate, S is the concentration of the substrate, I is the concentration of the inhibitor, and Ki is the inhibition constant for the product inhibitor.
Phosphate was a competitive inhibitor versus acetyl phosphate when CoA was at saturating (600 μM) or subsaturating (60 μM) levels (Fig. 3A and B). Phosphate was a noncompetitive inhibitor versus CoA when acetyl phosphate was at a subsaturating level (150 μM) (Fig. 3C), but it did not inhibit versus CoA when acetyl phosphate was at a saturating level (4mM). Acetyl-CoA was a competitive inhibitor versus CoA when acetyl phosphate was at subsaturating levels (Fig. 3D), but it did not inhibit versus CoA when acetyl phosphate was at saturating levels. Similarly, acetyl-CoA was a competitive inhibitor versus acetyl phosphate when CoA was at subsaturating levels (Fig. 3E), but it did not inhibit versus acetyl phosphate when CoA was at saturating levels. This pattern of inhibition is diagnostic for a kinetic mechanism that proceeds through formation of a ternary complex in which the substrates can bind to the enzyme in random order (1, 12).
The inhibition patterns of the nonreactive CoA analogue desulfo-CoA were analyzed with respect to CoA and acetyl phosphate, and the results further supported the random binding suggested by the product inhibition patterns. Data were expressed as double-reciprocal plots and fitted to equations 4 and 5 describing competitive and noncompetitive inhibition, respectively. Desulfo-CoA was a competitive inhibitor with respect to CoA (Fig. 4A), with a Ki of 1.3 ± 0.1 μM, confirming a previous report (3). Desulfo-CoA was a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to acetyl phosphate (Fig. 4 B), with a Ki of 2.8 ± 0.2 μM. Together with the product inhibition data, this pattern suggests that there is random substrate binding to the enzyme. If binding were ordered, desulfo-CoA would be an noncompetitive inhibitor versus one of the substrates. If the reaction proceeded via a ping-pong mechanism, noncompetitive inhibition would be also expected for the analogue versus one of the substrates.
In summary, in this report we describe the first kinetic analysis of a Pta from a member of the domain Archaea, and the data support the hypothesis that there is a kinetic mechanism that proceeds through random addition of both substrates to the enzyme prior to any chemical step (Fig. 5). Furthermore, the oligomeric state of the enzyme has been clarified. The results of this study are essential for interpretation of the recently solved crystal structures of M. thermophila Pta in complex with the substrate CoA in order to elucidate the catalytic mechanism (8).
Dynamic light scattering analysis of M. thermophila Pta. The percentage of mass refers to the population of molecules in the sample having a given mass. The data represent the average for 10 DLS scans.
Initial velocity patterns of the forward and reverse reactions catalyzed by M. thermophila Pta. (A) Acetyl-CoA-forming direction. The CoA concentration was kept constant at 50 μM (○), 66.7 μM (•), 100 μM (□), 200 μM (▪), or 400 μM (▵), while the acetyl phosphate concentration was varied. (B) Acetyl phosphate-forming direction. The phosphate concentration was kept constant at 500 μM (○), 666.7 μM (•), 1 mM (□), 2 mM (▪), or 10 mM (▵), while the acetyl-CoA concentration was varied.
Product inhibition patterns for the reaction catalyzed by M. thermophila Pta. (A and B) Phosphate concentration kept constant at 0 μM (○), 200 μM (•), 500 μM (□), 1 mM (▪), or 2 mM (▵). (C) Phosphate concentration kept constant at 0 μM (○), 500 μM (•), 1 mM (□), 2 mM (▪), or 5 mM ([trio]). (D) Acetyl-CoA concentration kept constant at 0 μM (○), 50 μM (•), 200 μM (□), 500 μM (▪), or 1 mM (▵). (E) Acetyl-CoA concentration kept constant at 0 μM (○), 200 μM (•), 500 μM (□), 1 mM (▪), or 2 mM (▵). AcP, acetyl phosphate.
Inhibition by the nonreactive analogue desulfo-CoA. (A) Desulfo-CoA versus CoA. The acetyl phosphate concentration was kept constant at 4 mM, and the desulfo-CoA concentration was kept constant at 0 μM (○), 5 μM (•), 10 μM (□), 25 μM (▪), or 50 μM (▵), while the CoA concentration was varied. (B) Desulfo-CoA versus acetyl phosphate. The CoA concentration was kept constant at 400 μM, and the desulfo-CoA concentration was kept constant at 0 μM (○), 5 μM (•), 10 μM (□), 25 μM (▪), or 50 μM (▵), while the acetyl phosphate concentration was varied.
Cleland diagram of the proposed kinetic mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by Pta. The kinetic mechanism is proposed to proceed through random formation of a ternary complex between Pta and both substrates prior to a chemical step. AcP, acetyl phosphate; AcCoA, acetyl-coenzyme A.
This work was funded by NIH grants GM44661-09 to J.G.F.
Received 15 September 2005.
Accepted 14 November 2005.
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Segel, I. H. 1975. Enzyme kinetics: behavior and analysis of rapid equilibrium and steady-state enzyme systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Toronto, Canada.
Stadtman, E. R. 1952. The purification and properties of phosphotransacetylase. J. Biol. Chem. 196:527-534.
Xu, Q. S., D. H. Shin, R. Pufan, H. Yokota, R. Kim, and S. H. Kim. 2004. Crystal structure of a phosphotransacetylase from Streptococcus pyogenes. Proteins 55:479-481.
Journal of Bacteriology Jan 2006, 188 (3) 1155-1158; DOI: 10.1128/JB.188.3.1155-1158.2006
You are going to email the following Steady-State Kinetic Analysis of Phosphotransacetylase from Methanosarcina thermophila

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Bhubaneswar: As the entire world saw a sparkling opening function of the 21st version of the Commonwealth Games at the Carrara Stadium in Gold Coast in Australia today, a sum of eight Odia competitors are intending to make Odisha pleased at the 12-day mega donning party.
While Hockey pro-Amit Rohidas will be the main Odia player in the male hockey group speaking to the nation, Lilima Minz, Deep Grace Ekka, Namita Toppo and Sunita Lakra have booked their billets in the ladies' hockey group.
Additionally, in the olympic style events occasion, competitor Purnima Hembram will speak to India in the Heptathlon occasion and Gymnast Rakesh Patra will take an interest in creative acrobatic. Weightlifter Saraswati Routh will be seen contending in the 58 kg classification in ladies' weightlifting.
A solid Indian unforeseen of 227 members will hope to better the nation's past showings at the Games.
At the past version of Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, India's award count remained at 64 decorations with 15 gold, 30 silver and 19 bronze awards.
A sum of around 4,300 members speaking to 71 countries will contend in 275 occasions crosswise over 19 disciplines at the Games which will close on April 15.


This is by far one of the easiest dishes to make. Even Scott could do this one. Everyone loved it and can easily be done at the last minute.
Stir in salsa and 1/2 cup of cheese.
Lay 4 tortillas in the bottom of a 9×13 inch baking dish.
Top with 1 1/2 cups cheese.
Cover dish well and freeze.
Thaw and bake as directed above.
Or, if the enchiladas are frozen, bake in a 250° oven for one hour, then at 350° for another 30 minutes or until cheese is bubbly.


7430 Old Lantern Dr. SE.
Established in 2014 as a Leadership Coach and Development firm specializing in: Team Building, Team management, Effective Goal Setting, Business Coaching, Customer Loyalty Alignment, Change Management, Process and Productivity Improvement, and Youth Leadership Development.
GMSK is a veteran owned leadership coaching and process development company. We work with key decision makers, like you to develop new ideas to ensure the future growth of their organizations.


"3 Kings" is easily the most anticipated track on Rick Ross' excellently titled upcoming album, God Forgives, I Don't, what with the familiar yet amiable premise of hip hop giants getting together and talking about themselves. And, c'mon, it's Jay-Z and Dr. Dre. Ross may be delusional to count himself with those kings, but if he's good at one thing it's tracks laced with braggadocio, and "3 Kings" doesn't disappoint (much).
God Forgives, I Don't is out July 31st.
Rick Ross & JAY Z - "The Devil Is a Lie"


text:
RobNeil Forum Resident
Midlands, UK
Both. The mono is arguably the 'most psychedelic' of the two.
RobNeil, Feb 11, 2021
kt66brooklyn and dkmonroe like this.
abzach Forum Resident
I like them both in different ways.
abzach, Feb 11, 2021
tlake6659 said: ↑
The 40th is the best digital mastering of the mono mix. It's not perfect though and has some digital limiting.
WolfSpear said: ↑
So a good needle drop of that RSD mono is the way to go?
bleachershane said: ↑
Thanks for that, I'm assuming the stereo in the 40th set is also the best digital version around currently?
I've heard that the RSD mono LP might be the overall best mastering so far, a pristine
needle drop might well rival the 40th digital edition.
I like the 90's Doug Sax mastering for the stereo mix. The 40th is more digitally compressed.
If you want digital, the 40th anniversary package isn't bad at all. I played it constantly when I bought it back in 2007, and it was a massive upgrade over the crappy 90's mono CD in the green corrugated box.
However, the 94 Doug Sax CD of the stereo mix is probably the best mastering of the stereo mix I've ever heard, and it's probably even a little better than the recently released stereo LP.
The RSD mono LP is the best way to own the mono mix without spending hundreds of dollars on an original UK pressing (even though now it'll probably set you back at least $100). However, if one is primarily interested in CD, I'd say just get the 40th anniversary package for the mono mix and bonus materials, and get the '94 stereo CD and call it done.
dkmonroe, Feb 11, 2021
asdf35, yesstiles, bleachershane and 1 other person like this.
WolfSpear Music Enthusiast
The 1994 remasters do sound good, so I'll vouch for it...
I also had an early Japan for Japan that sounded great too but I lost it or... umm, borrowed it
WolfSpear, Feb 11, 2021
Hamhead and bleachershane like this.
Ray Blend super concentrated
Ray Blend, Feb 11, 2021
dkmonroe likes this.
Ray Blend said: ↑
Both, of course.
Better in mono
Matilda Mother
Pow R. Toc H.
Better in stereo
Interstellar Overdrive (stereo gets off to a better start, better balance, but falls apart at the end)
Generally speaking, the mono mixes are drier, with better balance between the rhythm section and vocals. The three stereo tracks I cite are preferred because they omit some bad phasing attempts that spoil the mono versions.
The stereo mix has its charms, though. My biggest complaint is the overuse of smeary reverb over most of it.
I like this observation and agree with the choices, though for me I think Interstellar Overdrive is clearly better in stereo because it is a more immersive experience.
Pete Puma, Feb 11, 2021
Laservampire likes this.
I thought I was happy with the 1994 EMI remaster of Piper, but now you guys made me order a copy of the 2-CD 40th anniversary edition on eBay to get the mono mix...
StingRay5, Feb 11, 2021
bleachershane likes this.
bleachershane Forum Resident
Glasgow, Scotland
I'm all set in that case!
I think the 2007 3CD set was my first experience with the mono and I don't remember being disappointed. I'd lived with the stereo for 13 years up to that point so I was very used to it, for that reason I'm biased towards the stereo mix, but can't deny that the mono is a very different and worthwhile experience. If you like this album, even casually, you really should own both.
Wouldn't mind hearing the mono RSD, but 1) I don't have a good turntable set up 2) I'm happy enough with the 2007 mastering to not want to spend anything on yet another version to add to my collection!
bleachershane, Feb 11, 2021
Well, my copy of the 2CD version of the Piper 40th Anniversary Edition arrived today. I'm listening to the mono mix now. It sounds great. It's weird, after all these years, to hear a different mix. It keeps surprising me in little ways: the voices in "Astronomy Dominé" come and go at slightly different times, the balance of voices or of organ vs guitar is different in places (the organ seems more prominent at the start of "Interstellar Overdrive"), and there are some sound effects that don't seem to be present in stereo at all. But I like it quite a lot.
Billy Infinity, NunoBento, Big Pasi and 2 others like this.
Curiosity Just A Boy
In general my preference is the mono (own the RSD lp and the compromised mastered1997 cd version) but if I do want the craziness of Bike in stereo there's always relics having that on record and cd.
Curiosity, Feb 17, 2021
Crimson Witch likes this.
central616 Forum Resident
Lucifer Sam, Matilda Mother and Pow R Toc H in stereo are almost unlisteneable with headphones due to the bad panning.
The others are debatable.
Flaming for example is also unbalanced in stereo, but the vocals in the mono mix have too much reverb and don't sound right.
Interstellar Overdrive is better in stereo because the instrument are well separated, but it lack the organ at the intro present in mono.
Check out my mix of Lucifer sam:
central616, Feb 18, 2021
Hamhead likes this.
Yeah, extreme panning always sucks on headphones. Unfortunately, it was quite common back in those days.
Your mix is pretty good; thanks for posting it. I like the way the organ seems to be everywhere.
Pete Puma said: ↑
That's fine, but the stereo mix is missing an entire layer of overdubs present in the mono mix. It's not just the organ in the intro that everyone mentions, but the entire band through the entire song.
So technically you are getting an underdub with the stereo mix. Maybe it's more "immersive", but is it truly complete?
Laservampire, Feb 18, 2021
Revolver, The Ole' Rocker, C6H12O6 and 2 others like this.
mr. k Master of the Rummage (retired)
Mono, every time! I regard the stereo version as utterly unlistenable, a travesty. What was Norman Smith thinking?
mr. k, Feb 18, 2021
Billy Infinity and kt66brooklyn like this.
Napoleon_In_Rags Well-Known Member
RSD mono is really, really good.
Napoleon_In_Rags, Feb 18, 2021
kt66brooklyn and sharedon like this.
Chris Schoen Rock 'n Roll !!!
angelo73 said: ↑
the mono mix ❨on original vinyl❩ has far more power and sonic punch than any stereo mix, regardless of whichever mix one may prefer
This. The mono has force, that the stereo does not (imo).
Chris Schoen, Feb 18, 2021
kt66brooklyn and Crimson Witch like this.
astro70 Forum Resident
I like this better in stereo. There are so many intentional mixing choices in the stereo that you miss on the mono. Both are good but I see this album as a product of its time and that includes the crazy stereo effects.
astro70, Feb 18, 2021
kt66brooklyn and Slick Willie like this.
StingRay5 said: ↑
Thanks, in my channel you'll find a couple more remixed songs of early PF albums.
Hamhead The Bear From Delaware
RedRoseSpeedway said: ↑
I think the Mono is superior
HERE! HERE!
I second that!
Pow R. Toc H with the correct ending is a nice thing.
I prefer to hear songs about cats, gnomes, black and green scarecrows and borrowed bicycles in glorious mono, the stereo mix is too left/right channel dominant from too many bounces.
Stereo but this could be debated on a song to song bases. I seem to remember "Flaming" sounding better on the mono... not sure why. True, the stereo allows the album to fully fill the soundscape, and it appears this was the intention.
Speaking of the mono mix of Flaming, some people swear that the mix on the Tower 45 single is different from both the UK mono mix, is that true?
Hamhead, Feb 18, 2021
central616 said: ↑
Lots of Abbey Road recordings from that era have one channel that's dominant due to all the 4 track to 4 track bounces, King Midas In Reverse and parts of MMT come to mind.
That mix sounds nice, what did you use to make it?
That cat's something I can't explain
kt66brooklyn and Buddybud like this.
Frozensoda Forum Resident
New York Metro Area
Hamhead said: ↑
HERSpeaking of the mono mix of Flaming, some people swear that the mix on the Tower 45 single is different from both the UK mono mix, is that true?
If this is a different mix of Flaming, I would love to hear it.
Frozensoda, Feb 18, 2021
I use Goldwave, and both mono and stereo official mixes to make my own stereo (but not so wide) mix.
Of the mixes I made the ones I enjoy the most are Corporal Clegg and Pow R Toc H. Up the Khyber also sounds good.
kt66brooklyn and Hamhead like this.
I just finished listening to the mono in its entirety for the first time. I listened to the stereo last night (which I'm very familiar with, but I was focusing more on the music than the minute details). Here's what I picked up from the mono, and correct me if I'm wrong about some of these (I think I am):
1. Astronomy Domine: More radio garble. Some weird voice noises in specific parts that caught me by surprise.
2. Lucifer Sam: Nothing different that I can hear.
3. Matilda Mother: Nothing different that I can hear.
4. Flaming: I believe there's a flanging effect on Syd's voice. Bass, drums and organ are all much more clearer than the stereo resulting in a much fuller sound, but not in a good way. The drums and organ are actually obnoxious and take away from the song imo (especially since the drum is just a repeating snare or whatever and that's about it for most of the song). Things get really different during what is on the stereo version, an organ solo. On the mono; there's an entirely missing guitar track going alongside it that you can't hear at all on the stereo. I also noticed some bass parts I hadn't heard before but I'm not sure if they're only on the mono. There's a little more organ noodling too.
5. Pow R. Toc H.: A few more voices, including brief chuckling at one point. Possibly more drum bits but I'm doubtful... I probably just hadn't noticed before.
6. Take Up Thy Stethoscope and Walk: Possibly an entirely different organ take. More chaotic and less melodic than the stereo organ bits. Or keyboard, whatever it is. The outro is slightly longer with some weird echoing sound.
7. Interstellar Overdrive: Nothing different that I can hear (I'm impressed how they managed to partially recreate the crazy stereo panning effect near the end without, you know, two channels).
8. The Gnome: Syd's voice seems to have an effect on it. Waters' creative bass part is much clearer.
9. Chapter 24: Syd's voice seems to have an effect on it. Coughing can be heard near the end. Possibly slightly more organ, but I think I just hadn't noticed it before. Longer outro fade out with some cool guitar stuff not heard in the stereo. I actually really enjoy this in mono (but still better in stereo for a stereo guy like me).
10. The Scarecrow: Syd's voice seems to have an effect on it. I think it's possibly just double tracking on his vocals for all of these songs (wouldn't surprise me given that ADT was invented a year prior at the same studio) outside of Flaming, which I think has flanging on it. The outro fade-out is possibly slightly longer.
11. Bike: The 'musical room' seems to have some more sounds (or at least they're louder, anyway). I'm pretty sure the outro fade-out is longer than the stereo as well. Also the first bit sounds really weak compared to the stereo. Not certain about this as I haven't heard the album (in stereo) for a while besides last night when I didn't actually get the chance to finish Bike, unfortunately.
I noticed that the organ was louder during the initial descending-chord riff bit.
They didn't "recreate the crazy stereo panning effect" in mono. Obviously you can't do that. There are actually two effects going on here: stereo panning and fading the guitar in and out (the effect that guitar amplifier manufacturers call "tremolo", though here I think it's being done on the mixing console). The fading is present in mono, which is what's giving you that impression.


text:
Q: running composer install in Dockerfile I am trying to dockerize a PHP laravel app. I am using a PHP and a composer image to achieve this. However, when I run composer install, I get all my packages installed but then run into this error:
/app/vendor does not exist and could not be created.
I want composer to create the /vendor directory! Could this be a permission issue?
Here is my Dockerfile:
FROM php:7.4.3-cli

# Install system dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    git \
    curl \
    libpng-dev \
    libonig-dev \
    libxml2-dev \
    zip \
    unzip

# Clear cache
RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Install PHP extensions
RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql mbstring exif pcntl bcmath gd

COPY --from=composer:2.4.4 /usr/bin/composer /usr/local/bin/composer

# Set working directory
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .

# Add a new user "john" with user id 8877
RUN useradd -u 8877 john

# Change to non-root privilege
USER john

RUN composer install

I created a user with an arbitrary ID since it's a bad practice to run composer install as root security-wise.

A: I was able to solve the problem by making some changes to my Dockerfile:
FROM php:7.4.3-cli

# Install system dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    git \
    curl \
    libpng-dev \
    libonig-dev \
    libxml2-dev \
    zip \
    unzip

# Clear cache
RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Install PHP extensions
RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql mbstring exif pcntl bcmath gd

COPY --from=composer:2.4.4 /usr/bin/composer /usr/local/bin/composer

# Add a new user "john" with user id 8877
RUN useradd -u 8877 john

# Set working directory
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .

RUN chmod -R 775 /app
RUN chown -R john:john /app

# Change to non-root privilege
USER john

RUN composer install --no-scripts --no-plugins

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Taco Brothers casino slot machines will appeal to admirers of Mexican culture – in this game you will familiarize with the traditions of this country and meet three brothers which, at the same time, are the main characters of this video slot by Elk studios. Unlike other casino games, its interface looks very modern and unusual: you won't see any numbers of paying lines or control panel you are accustomed to – in general, same thing can be said about all products created by this software provider. Variety of stake options and different beneficial features make process of gambling it even more thrilling and exciting.
Three lines located one under another signify Paytable division. Single click on it opens section with denomination paid for combination of different symbols. These values are calculated taking into consideration the size of your stake. In this division you will also find such buttons as Settings and Info – they allow to regulate the parameters of game adjusting them to your taste, and read detailed rules.
A stack of coins with a plus near them allows a player to select the bet for one spin. Unlike other slot machines at casinos, in slots by Elk studios you choose the stake for one spin instead of choosing the lines and wager money for each one of them.
Finally, in order to start playing look at the right side of the screen, and you will see a curved arrow with a word "Auto". By means of this button a single round of game is triggered.
Jumper. After each successful round in online slots for fun your bet will be increased on one level, and it continues till the stake amount reaches the size which is four levels more than the initial one was.
Leveller. When you lose five times in a sequence, then the amount of your stake will be boosted by two levels. Thus, in the end your bet will be equal to the initial stake multiplied by 10.
Booster. This strategy means that after the loss the stake goes one level up – this goes till the bet grows four levels up its initial amount.
In case you haven't selected any strategies in online slots to play, traditional betting will be set.
It may seem to you that there is no Autoplay feature in this game. But you'll find out that if you pull the starting button, a window with the possible numbers of auto spins opens. You can select 10, 25, 50 or 100 of them. This round may be stopped at any time you want. While automatic soins are activated, for you there is no need to push the starting buttons – all the operations will be performed automatically by means of computer program.
There are two images which activate bonus features available in this game. They are the Wild logo of the slot – Taco Brothers Wild and an image of Safe. In the abstract below we are going to review these icons and options available in online slots machine which they are able to trigger.
Taco Brothers Wild icon has a special function: it activates re-spins. Owing to them it will be possible to collect bonus symbols on reels in order to launch prize rounds again and again.
Bonus image is depicted as the icon of Safe. You have to collect three such images – in this case Wild Escape round is started. While it is active, an Exploded Safe Multiplier may fall on the reels – it can considerably increase your gains.
Paytable section in Taco Brothers also contains such divisions as Settings (a gearwheel key) and Info (letter "i"). The first one turns on and off sound effects of online slots and offers to adjust reality check interval (from 15 min to 2 hrs). Why is this parameter required? Well, it checks whether you are active, and if no the game will be turned off with some money loss. Info section represents detailed rules of the game and its peculiar features.
Surely, every gambler who ever tried playing slots asked a question whether it is possible to cheat a machine and get incredible money prizes. During a long period of slot machines' existence players invented various strategies and methods which, to their opinion, could have helped in this uneasy task. Some of them seem to be really weird because to every user who is aware of slots' principles of work it's quite obvious that all these cheating tricks do not work. The best casino slot machines to play generate combinations of symbols randomly – it is impossible to invent an algorithm according to which the icons fall on the reels. The only things you can rely on are your intuition and luck.
But don't worry – there remains something which depends on you. In order to gamble rationally, before you start playing decide how much money are you going to lose. If you reach this amount and haven't won anything, it would be better to gamble another day, which may appear to be more lucky for you. Don't start from placing high stakes, especially if you are a beginner in gambling – begin your journey with lower bets , in any case you will be able to increase them later. Or simply gamble free slot games for fun online and have some practice.
We have only one recommendation for those who want to try gambling slots: don't invent any methods or ways to trick it – you'll just lose your time. Simply believe in your lucky star and don't forget about the common sense – it's a perfect formula of player's success.
Despite the fact that nowadays each one of the players can easily learn about the principles the work of every slot machine is based on, they still love to invest casino games with some unbelievable and ridiculous features they call "the secrets of slots". In fact, slot machines (Taco Brothers too) do not hide any secrets – they are no more than randomly working mechanisms. While playing casino free slots, don't let these superstitions mix you up.
The only secret which may be called a reasonable one which is worth your attention is the skill of placing bets: in order to create your proper strategy of doing that, play more and discover various ways to stake and win. But again, don't forget about randomness – the things which worked with one slot machine don't have to work with other. Gambling is unpredictable kind of activity, and that is where its unspeakable charm lies.
Counting the cycles. Some of users state that all combinations on reels of slot machine fall within certain periods of time and offer to calculate the length of these cycles in order to find out when one or another sequence appear and place a proper bet. You may try to use some formulas from the theory of probability, but there is a very little chance that they will work.
"Hot" and "Cold" machines. This is a very common myth concerning land-based casino video slots for fun and for real cash, but gamblers continue believing that online slots can also be divided into these two categories. "Hot" slot machines are the ones which bring bigger payouts in case a previous gambler invested huge money amount in them. "Cold" are that ones which vice versa pay less. But in fact the wins you'll be awarded with depend only on the amount of your personal deposit – the money paid by a user before you do not influence them at all.
Usage of various strategies. Difficult ways of calculating bet amounts are more frequently used in table games – probably, if you used to gamble roulette you know what we are talking about. But many of players are trying to apply them to slot machines games. We already described popular misbeliefs concerning these methods in "How to cheat a slot machine" abstract – check it out.
This casino game was created by a relatively new, but already well-known company Elk studios, producing software for online casinos. Being founded in 2012, for almost five years they continue to issue great products for admirers of high quality. Taco Brothers is one of the most popular their slot machine games online, offering 243 ways to win and modern branded gameplay. With an unusual theme and profitable features nowadays it occupies rightful place on the market.
As various mobile gadgets have become widespread among casino players, the developers issued not only PC variant of the game – Taco Brothers is also compatible with your mobile device. If you have a tablet or a smartphone with Windows, iOS or Blackberry operating systems on it, it is possible to use a convenient version designed specially for gadget's screens.
Three brothers are the most valuable pictures of this casino game. They differ with value of money prize which is paid for them. The most expensive is the one with a cigar – Paso. If you land five such pictures, you get 400 coins. Then goes Pepe, holding his guitar. Maximum sequence of such images pays you up to 300 coins. The least valuable is the icon depicting Pico with a dynamite – payments for such a symbol range from 50 to 100 coins.
There is a Wild symbol. In these slot machines for free it looks like a bell with a word "Wild" on it. By means of this picture you can replace lacking icons in combinations and create complete sequence, boosting your chances to hit the jackpot considerably.
The most known attributes, familiar to those who have ever dealt with Mexican culture – tequila, guitar, cactus and a spade with a lamp – bring the lowest possible winnings. They all have similar amount of reward which should be given to you for a profitable sequence. Three of them pay 20 coins, four award you with 50 and a complete sequence consisting of five pictures brings 80 coins.
Try gambling Taco Brothers slot machine by Elk Studios – and its ultra modern gameplay combined with bonus options won't leave you unmoved. Launch and win!


The brand Koegler is dedicated to the development of innovative total solution around the convergence of Information Technology (IT), Consumer Electronics (CE) and Telecommunication (TK) in form of a range of products named « All-in-One » LCD-PC-TV. More basic products like monitors and television sets or other combo-products are deduced and previously marketed including innovative accessories.
Koegler-Electronics Co. Ltd. is like a French-German Company founded in 2008 in Taiwan, in form of a limited company with a registered capital of 200 000 USD. The headquarter with office and prototype workshop is located in Jonghe, in the south-east of Taipei, where many high tech companies are established including some suppliers. The warehouse and pre-assembling factory for modules is in Taoyuan near the main international taiwanese airport including cargo allowing a fast import of some components and export of finished moduels to Europe and finished products to other regions.
The final assembly is done depending on the final market in Taoyuan Taiwan or in Saarbruecken Germany for European market. Depending on the sales development, means volumes sold, assembling plants can be set-up in each key-market.
Excellent price/offer ratio, not running always after each new tech hip, but adopt fast the best of the modern affordable technology when we think for ourselves it makes sense. Examples are: playing Blu-ray disks and high native resolution for screen and the television, because it offers the same amazing progress as from black and white to the color television, or combine several useful functions in one appliance, saving space and more easy to use.
User friendliness, easy to use, even a higher number of functions or replaced devices, with best ergonomics. The products have to fit to the user, or the usage, of course not the opposite. Why only monitors with 16:9 aspect ratio in only landscape modus for mainly office work or internet surfing? Is it possible to find a more stupid behavior?
Environment friendly based on well chosen materials, focus aluminum and steel and long life design, easy to repair or better to upgrade if a better technology becomes ready, stable, affordable and useful, and of course with lowest power consumption. Packaging: why should it not be possible without, especially as our products are almost transportable, would it not be possible that the logistic chain staff take a little more care or accept the use of returnable transportation box?
Honesty, never promote features that nobody needs or nobody can see or hear, only to impress as a marketing trick. Establishing a really existing and affordable spare parts management also after the warranty period. And last but not least, a Koegler product, is designed, planned and manufactured by Koegler. This can only be confirmed by a very few brands and companies in that field! What would you feel after investing in a German high end car, if you would be informed later that it was neither produced by them and may be also designed by others (especially if and probably less qualified...)?
Behind the brand and company Koegler you find Bruno Koegler, founder, owner, general manager and main designer, owner of the brand and the patents and not as usual a lot of shareholders and their complicate boards of managers seldom involved in the customer needs or product wished functions and usage. As an experimented user of PC and TV etc. I was often frustrated even with the high amount of brands and products found on the market, they were almost so similar, and what I wished or needed, nobody had.
Bruno Koegler holds a Master of Science in Electromechanical Engineering from the Strasbourg Institute of Technology (previously ENSAIS, now INSA) in East France near Germany.
After a few years in product engineering, Bruno accepted managing responsibilities in technology oriented business development. In this position, he developed innovative solutions for automotive electronics modules. Thanks to these solutions, the market share of his company in their primary customer group, a top 5 car maker, grew from 5 to 50 % in about 7 years.
In the same industrial automotive group, he spent 3 years to build up a new product division in a French-Japanese joint-venture, with worldwide suppliers and customers. His next career step was as VP of Sales, Marketing and Engineering with a first-tier German automotive supplier (1,500 employees).
Following that, he was given general management responsibilities (including sourcing, operations and sales) for an European subsidiary of a first-tier North American car components supplier.
Some years ago, during yet another move, I had the idea to create the ideal appliance that would combine most of my home appliances like television set, stereo set, computer, CD/DVD player, video recorder and telephone, and also store and organize the several hundred CDs, DVDs, audio and video cassettes of my collection.
Especially the bulky computer monitor and the big television set irked me, two unwieldy objects with essentially the same function. They were the first things I wanted to get rid of.
Thanks to the advances in digitization achieved in all media fields, my dream of a true multimedia unit came within reach: an All-in-One appliance, "LCD-PC-TV-VCR-Phone", in which all the formerly separate media including latest technologies like Full HD TV broadcasting DVB-T2 and DVB-S2 and Blu Ray disks amazing movies, converge.That is how we understand the word "Multimedia"!
I am very excited to be the first, and no doubt the most exacting, "customer" not only for this appliance, but also for a later range of equipments and dedicated services, which will enable you to combine in a simple way work, entertainment and communication, with everybody, everywhere and at every time.
La marque Koegler se consacre au développement de solutions innovatives centrées autour de la convergenge numérique entre les technologies de l'information, de la communication (TIC) et de l'électronique grand public (EGP) sous la forme principalement d'une gamme de produits combinés "Tout-en-Un / All-in-One" LCD-PC-TV. Des produits plus génériques tels que moniteurs et téléviseurs ou autres produits combinés en sont déduits et mis sur le marché y compris des accessoires innovants.
Koegler-Electronics Co. Ltd. est pour ainsi dire une société à responsabilitée limitée franco-allemande mais fondée à Taiwan au capital de 200 000 USD. Le siège de l'entreprise avec service études et atelier prototypes se trouve à Jonghe, commune en proche banlieue sud-ouest de Taipei ou beaucoup de sociétés high-tech dont certains fournisseurs sont déjà établies. Le magasin composants et l'usine de pré-assemblage (modules) sont situés à Taoyuan, proche de l'aéroport principal de Taiwan dont de fret pour l'importation de certains composants et l'exportation rapide de modules vers l'Europe ou produits finis vers l'Amérique.
L'assemblage final est fait soit à Sarrebrueck Allemagne proche 57 Forbach en Lorraine pour marché Europe ou à Taoyuan Taiwan pour les autres marchés. En fonction de l'évolution de notre progression commerciale, c'est à dire nombre d'unités vendues, des sites d'assemblages sont possible au coeur de tout marché clef afin d'assurer notre rapidité et flexibilité marché qui est un de nos points forts particulièrement suivis.
Voila environ 2 annees que je sévis ;-) principalement a Taiwan ma nouvelle patrie. Je dois confirmer que je suis heureux et bien surpris des progrès réalisés avec nos partenaires d'affaires principalement des fournisseurs développeurs, mème si je souhaiterais plus de sérieux et moins de supervision nécéssaire, du point de vue tenue des promesses de paramètres techniques ou de délais.
Bruno Koegler est ingénieur diplomé en électromécanique de l'École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Strasbourg (anciennement ENSAIS depuis peu INSA) 67 Bas-Rhin, Est de la France limitrophe avec l'Allemagne.
Bruno a démarré sa carrière en tant qu'Ingénieur Développement Produits pendant quelques années, complété par des responsabilités managériales en développement d'affaires. Grâce au développement dynamique de solutions innovantes et fortement concurrentielles il a pu augmenter les parts de marchés pour des modules électroniques de 5 a plus de 50% auprès d'un client constructeur automobile figurant parmi le top 5 mondial et ce en à peine 7 ans.
Auprès du même groupe de sociétés, il consacra 3 années pour démarrer une nouvelle activité produit au travers d'une division start-up, joint-venture franco-japonais, avec clients et fournisseurs mondiaux. Plus tard il fut nommé Directeur Commerce, Marketing et Engineering auprès d'un équipementier automobile allemand de 1er rang ayant un effectif de 1.500 employés.
Finalement il lui fut attribué la Direction Générale d'un site européen d'un équipementier automobile nord américain, incluant les responsabilités d'achats et approvisionnements, l'ensemble de la production et maintenance, en sus des activités études et commerce déjà habituelles.
Il y a quelques années déjà -en particulier à l'approche de chaque déménagement- une idée me traversait l'esprit qui consistait à inventer l'appareil idéal qui doit réunir en un seul la plupart des appareils domestiques traditionnels tels que téléviseur, chaine stéréo, micro-ordinateur, lecteur CD/DVD, enregistreur audio/video et téléphone ainsi qu'aussi mes quelques centaines de CD, DVD, casettes audio et video.
En particulier le moniteur du micro-ordinateur et le téléviseur, qui avaient pour moi la même fonction de base et le même défaut d'être encombrants et massifs, m'ont motivés fortement d'approfondir la poursuite de cette étude.
Grâce aussi au progrès des techniques de numérisation, l'opportunité de réaliser cette convergence de l'ensemble des médias et fonctions de ces divers appareils en une solution idéale "Tout en Un" ou "All-in-One LCD-PC-TV-VCR-Phone" devenait de plus en plus réaliste. Ce n'est que comme celà que nous interprétons le mot "multimédia"!
Je suis extrèmement réjoui d'être le premier mais aussi le plus exigeant "client" pour cet appareil innovant et bientôt une famille de produits et services dédiés, qui me permettent tout de suite et sous peu vous en tant que partenaires, de travailler, de se divertir et de communiquer partout, avec le monde entier et en permanence.
Die Marke Koegler widmet sich der Entwicklung innovativen Gesamtlösungen bezüglich der Konvergenz (Verschmelzung) von Informationstechnologie (IT), Unterhaltungselektronik (UE) und Telekommunikation (TK) in Form einer Reihe von Produkten benannt « All-in-One » LCD-PC-TV. Einfachere Produkte wie Monitoren und Fernseher oder andere Kombi-Produkte werden davon abgeleitet und vorher vermarktet inklusive innovatives Zubehör.
Koegler-Electronics Co. Ltd. ist sozusagen ein in Taiwan in 2008 gegruendetes Deutsch-Französisches Unternehmen, vergleichbar mit der GmbH mit 200 000 USD einbezahltes Kapital. Der Hauptsitz und Buero mit Prototypen Werkstatt befindet sich in Jonghe -ein Vorort von Taipei- wo viele High tech Firmen etabliert sind inklusive einige Lieferanten. Warenlager und Vor-Montage Werk befinden sich in Taoyuan in der Nähe vom Haupt- Flughafen fuer rasche Einfuhr und Export der Ware.
Die Endmontage wird je nach Markt entweder in Taoyuan oder in Saarbrücken stattfinden. Je nach Verkaufsentwicklung, ist eine Endmontage um eine rasche und flexible Lieferung gewährleisten zu können, in jedem wichtigen Kernmarkt möglich.
Hervorragendes Preis/Leistung Verhältnis, nicht unbedingt dem letzten Technikschrei nachlaufen, aber das Beste der bezahlbare moderne Technik an welche wir selbst glauben, weil sie sinnvoll ist. Beispiele sind Blu-ray und hohe native Aufloesung fuer den Bildschirm und das Fernsehen, weil es den gleichen Sprung anbietet wie vom Schwarz-weiss zum Farbfernseher, oder viele nuetzliche Funktionen in ein Gerät zu vereinen.
Benutzerfreundlich, leicht zu bedienen, trotz der vielen Funktionen und ersetzte Gereate, beste Ergonomie. Die Produkte passen zum Benutzer, bz. zum Nutzen und nicht umgekehrt. Warum 16:9 Breitbild Monitoren im Landschaft Modus fuer meistens Buroarbeit oder Internet Surfen ? Gibt es einen größeren Schwachsinn in der Branche?
Umweltfreundlich basierend auf gute Werkstoffe, Fokus Aluminium und Stahlblech und langlebig, einfach zu reparieren oder noch besser zu upgraden wenn eine bessere Technik zur Verfügung steht, und selbstverständlich der geringste Stromverbrauch. Verpackung : kann es nicht ohne sein, besonders da unsere Produkte eh tragbar sind, kann die Logistik Kette nicht etwas aufpassen oder umtauschbare Behälter akzeptieren ?
Ehrlichkeit, keine Merkmale die entweder keiner braucht, bzw. keiner merkt. Ersatzteile bereit Und ein Koegler Produkt, wird von Koegler entwickelt, konstruiert und gefertigt. Das koennen in der Branche extrem wenig bestaetigen, aber was wuerden Sie denken, wenn die edlen Deutschen Autos nicht aus deren Werken kaemen oder von anderen (besonders wenn weniger edel...) designt waeren ?
Hinter der Marke und Unternehmen Koegler steht der Gruender, Gesellschafter und Hauptentwickler Bruno Koegler, Inhaber der Marke und Patente und keine anonymen Aktionäre und deren komplizierte Gremien von Manager die selten Kunden- oder Produktnah sind. Als Benutzer von PC und TV usw. war ich öfters etwas leicht frustriert trotz vieler Marken und Produkten im Angebot, die aber so ähnlich waren, und was ich mir wünschte gab es leider nicht.
Dipl. Ing. Bruno Koegler studierte an der Straßburger Technischen Hochschule (früher ENSAIS jetzt INSAS) in Ostfrankreich.
Bruno begann seinen beruflichen Werdegang im Bereich Produkt Engineering. Danach bekam er Führungsverantwortung im Bereich der technisch orientierten Geschäftsentwicklung. Nach ca. 7 Jahren bedingt durch seine innovativen Lösungsentwicklungen für elektrische Fahrzeugmodule bei einem der 5-größten Autokonzerne weltweit, wurden die Marktanteile bei dieser Kundengruppe von 5 auf 50% erhöht. Innerhalb des gleichen Arbeitgeberkonzerns, beschäftigte er sich anschließend 3 Jahre mit dem Aufbau einer neuen Produktsparte in Form eines französisch-japanischer Joint-Venture, mit weltweit tätigen Lieferanten und Kunden.
Später wurde er zum Vorstand Vertrieb, Marketing und Engineering bei einem First Tier Autozulieferer mit einer 1.500 personenstarken Belegschaft ernannt. Einige Jahre später übernahm er die Gesamtverantwortung inklusive Beschaffung, Produktion und Absatz des europäischen Werkes eines nordamerikanischen First Tier Autozulieferers.
Ursprung der Idee - Das Leben ist kompliziert genug!
In den letzten Jahren, insbesondere vor jedem Umzug, entstand der Gedanken ein innovatives Gerät zu erfinden, welches die meist genutzten Hausgeräte wie Fernseher, Stereoanlage, Computer, CD/DVD Spieler, Videorekorder und Telefon vereint, und auch die sperrige CD, DVD, Audio- und Videokassetten Sammlung überflüssig macht.
Aber damit nicht genug, insbesondere das Tragen der sperrigen Geräte wie Monitor und Fernseher, die im Prinzip die selben Funktionen erfüllen, erhöhte meine Motivation diese Vision in die Realität umzusetzen.
Die Digitalisierungstechnik ist heute soweit fortgeschritten, dass es für uns möglich ist die Konvergenz all dieser Medien und Funktionen zu einer "All-in-One" Lösung, sprich die Verschmelzung von "LCD-PC-TV-VideoRecorder-Telefon" zu realisieren. Das ist unsere Definition von "Multimedia"!
Ich freue mich darauf, der erste aber hoffentlich auch der anspruchvollste Kunde für dieses Gerät und die darauf aufbauende Gerätefamilie zu sein, die es unseren Kunden und Partnern erlaubt an jedem Ort und zu jeder Zeit zu arbeiten, sich zu unterhalten und zu kommunizieren.
Später kommen noch ergänzende und zugeschnittene Dienstleistungen und Services hinzu, die es unseren Kunden gestatten, sich in den verwirrenden Angeboten z. B. der Telekommunikation zurecht zu finden.


text:
"Society of Explorers and Adventurers" Film in the Works at Disney with Qui Nguyen and Ryan Reynolds Attached
by Laughing Place Disney Newsdesk | Oct 13, 2022 2:49 pm (Pacific)
Tags: Disney Parks, Parks, Society of Explorers and Adventurers, The Society of Explorers and Adventurers
Disney is reportedly developing a feature film based on the fictional Society of Explorers and Adventurers created as a storytelling device for the Disney Parks, according to Deadline.
Disney has tapped Strange World filmmaker Qui Nguyen to write the script for the new Society of Explorers and Adventurers film while Ryan Reynolds' Maximum Effort banner will produce.
The Society of Explorers and Adventurers was introduced in 2001 in Tokyo DisneySea and has since popped up in Disney Parks around the world, connecting various adventure-themed attractions like Disneyland's Jungle Cruise and Hong Kong Disneyland's Mystic Manor.
Deadline reports that Disney is eying the new film as a "franchise launcher" and will add "a new supernatural element to the history" of the society while adding new characters.
Interestingly, this new project is reportedly completely separate from the previously reported Disney+ series based on the same source material.
Nguyen is the writer and co-director of Disney's upcoming animated film Strange World and previously co-wrote Raya and the Last Dragon.
Previous projects for Reynold's Maximum Effort include 20th Century Studios' Free Guy, Netflix's The Adama Project and of course the Deadpool films.
No timeline has been set for the Society of Explorers and Adventurers film at this time.
Second Society of Explorers and Adventurers Novel from…
Book Review: "Shinji Takahashi and the Mark of the Coatl"
Disney Parks To Showcase Preview of Latest Walt Disney…
Disneyland Announces Adventureland Treehouse Inspired by…


text:
Audi R18 TDI Clinches Top Three Grid Positions On Its Race Debut
Audi Motorsport	 06 May 2011
First race, first pole position: In qualifying for the 1000-kilometer race at Spa the new Audi R18 TDI has confirmed the strong impression it made two weeks ago during the test day at Le Mans. By clinching positions one, two and three Audi Sport Team Joest achieved a perfect qualifying result.
As early as in the three free practice sessions on Thursday and Friday the innovative LMP1 sports car, which turns Audi's ultra-lightweight technology into a visual experience, had been the dominant vehicle at the top of the time sheets. In qualifying Timo Bernhard in the black Audi R18 TDI designated as car number "1" then managed the fastest lap. Setting a time of 2m 01.502s he relegated his teammates André Lotterer and Tom Kristensen to positions two and three by a narrow margin.
"I'm incredibly happy about the result, particularly for the team. We did carry quite a big burden because every new car at Audi has immediately been successful. I think we've squeezed out the maximum today. That I had the good fortune of clinching the first pole position in the Audi R18 TDI fills me with pride," Bernhard said.
"This is a nice reward for the work done over the past few months and a great beginning for our new Audi R18 TDI. Unfortunately, we couldn't see the level of our rivals' potential because qualifying was stopped early due to an accident. The result provides good motivation to the squad. It's not that important at a 1000-kilometer race but it's a nice omen," said Head of Audi Motorsport, Dr. Wolfgang Ullrich.
By starting from the pole position at its first race the Audi R18 TDI continues the tradition of the particularly successful predecessor models, R8 and R10 TDI, which had captured the top position on the grid on their debut as well (Frank Biela in 2000 at Sebring in the R8 and Allan McNish in 2006 in the R10 TDI). AUDI AG subsequently went down in Le Mans history with both sports prototypes.
The qualifying session at Spa-Francorchamps, however, did not provide a real clue about where the contenders stand. The session, which had originally been scheduled for 20 minutes, ended early after 14:06 minutes due to an accident which had severely damaged the guard rails. Not all of the top teams had completed their fast laps by that time. As the free practice sessions had already seen numerous incidents and red flags Audi Sport Team Joest sent its three Audi R18 TDI cars on the time chase right at the beginning of the qualifying session– a decision that proved to be strategically correct and earned Audi the top three grid positions.
The second round of the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup (ILMC) starts on Sunday at 14:05 hrs and lasts a maximum of six hours. Eurosport 2 will broadcast live from 14:00 hrs to 17:30 hrs (local time) from Spa-Francorchamps, Eurosport will cover the final phase from 17:30 hrs to 20:00 hrs.


text:
New paper seeks a grand "unification" of "quite different model physics" of convection
A new paper published in Atmospheric Research seeks a grand "unification" of climate modeling of moist convection, the primary means of cooling and heat in Earth's atmosphere. Contrary to the popular meme that climate is "settled basic physics," the authors,
"pointed out that currently there are two families of atmospheric models with quite different formulations of model physics, one represented by the general circulation models (GCMs) and the other by the cloud-resolving models (CRMs). Ideally, these two families of models should be unified so that a continuous transition of model physics from one kind to the other takes place as the resolution changes."
In other words, "quite different model physics" of convection are used in high-resolution models to simulate clouds vs. the over-simplified physics of convection utilized by low-resolution global general circulation models (GCMs). The IPCC uses GCMs to create its global warming projections, and thus it is not reassuring that the primary heat transfer mechanism in the troposphere - convection - is oversimplified in these models [and thus incorrect].
Like physicists trying to devise a "grand theory of unification" between the particle and macro worlds, this paper suggests some early steps to unify the "quite different model physics" of low-resolution GCM models and high-resolution cloud-resolving models [the latter with the more accurate physics].
Prior papers have demonstrated that GCMs models are unable to simulate conventional turbulent [convective] heat flow and thereby violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics, and that IPCC global climate models do not realistically simulate convection.
Convection is the most important cooling and heat transfer mechanism in the troposphere and overwhelms or "short-circuits" so-called radiative forcing. These three papers collectively demonstrate a current inability of GCMs to properly simulate convection and thus cooling and heat transfer in the troposphere. Therefore, unless or until these problems are resolved, the IPCC global climate models cannot provide realistic projections of future warming or cooling.
Multiscale modeling of the moist-convective atmosphere — A review
A. Arakawaa,
J.-H. Jungb, ,
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.08.009
Multiscale modeling of the moist-convective atmosphere is reviewed with an emphasis on the recently proposed approaches of unified parameterization and Quasi-3D (Q3D) Multiscale Modeling Framework (MMF). The cumulus parameterization problem, which was introduced to represent the multiscale effects of moist convection, has been one of the central issues in atmospheric modeling. After a review of the history of cumulus parameterization, it is pointed out that currently there are two families of atmospheric models with quite different formulations of model physics, one represented by the general circulation models (GCMs) and the other by the cloud-resolving models (CRMs). Ideally, these two families of models should be unified so that a continuous transition of model physics from one kind to the other takes place as the resolution changes. This paper discusses two possible routes to achieve the unification. ROUTE I unifies the cumulus parameterization in conventional GCMs and the cloud microphysics parameterization in CRMs. A key to construct such a unified parameterization is to reformulate the vertical eddy transport due to subgrid-scale moist convection in such a way that it vanishes when the resolution is sufficiently high. A preliminary design of the unified parameterization is presented with supporting evidence for its validity. ROUTE II for the unification follows the MMF approach based on a coupled GCM/CRM, originally known as the "super-parameterization". The Q3D MMF is an attempt to broaden the applicability of the super-parameterization without necessarily using a fully three-dimensional CRM. This is accomplished using a network of cloud-resolving grids with gaps. The basic Q3D algorithm and highlights of preliminary results are reviewed. It is suggested that the hierarchy of future global models should form a "Multiscale Modeling Network (MMN)", which combines these two routes. With this network, the horizontal resolution of the dynamics core and that of the physical processes can be individually and freely chosen without changing the formulation of model physics. Development of such a network will represent a new phase of the history of numerical modeling of the atmosphere that can be characterized by the keyword "unification".
[full paper available here]
6. Summary and conclusion
The importance of multiscale modeling of moist-convective atmosphere was recognized in the early 1960s in tropical cyclone modeling when the idea of CISK was introduced. In CISK, cyclone-scale and moist-convective scale of motion cooperate with each other for simultaneous development in a conditionally unstable atmosphere. Although this idea became popular among the tropical meteorology community, its physical basis can be questioned. An alternative idea for multiscale modeling of moist-convective atmosphere is moist-convective adjustment of the conditionally unstable environment to a neutral state. This idea was introduced first in general circulation modeling also in the 1960s. If the adjustment takes place sufficiently fast compared to the destabilization of the environment by other processes, we expect that the atmosphere undergo a sequence of quasi-neutral states in which large-scale destabilization and moist-convective stabilization approximately balance. This leads to the concept of moist-convective quasi-equilibrium as reviewed in Section 2. It seems that many existing cumulus parameterizations use this kind of closure typically with a finite time scale for adjustment. To a large extent, the history of cumulus parameterization has been designing, revising, evaluating and tuning of closure assumptions, cloud models, and formulations of convective triggering. Practically all of these efforts are, however, based on the modular structure shown in Fig. 3, which can be justified only when there is a spectral gap both in space and time. It is pointed out that the history has reached the stage at which we should seriously question the impact of this artificial separation.
Strictly speaking, truncation of a continuous system can be justified only when the resulting error can be made arbitrarily small by using a higher resolution. This requires that the dynamics and physics of the low-resolution models converge to those of the high-resolution models with an increase of the horizontal resolution. Unfortunately, this is not the case for the conventional formulations of model physics in GCMs because it is not based on a sufficiently general framework for representing the multiscale effects of moist-convective processes. If the model physics of GCMs is reformulated in such a way that it converges to that of CRMs, these two kinds of model physics are unified. Then, we can freely choose intermediate resolutions or highly heterogeneous resolutions such as in the local or adaptive mesh refinement while staying with the same formulation of model physics.
This paper reviews two possible routes to achieve the unification. ROUTE I uses a new framework for cumulus parameterization in which the result of parameterization converges to an explicit simulation of cloud processes as the resolution increases. In this way the framework unifies parameterizations in GCMs and CRMs as far as the representation of deep moist convection is concerned. With the unified parameterization, the error of the GCM solution to satisfy the CRM equations can be made arbitrarily small by using a higher resolution. It is shown that a key to construct a unified parameterization is to eliminate the assumption of small fractional area covered by convective clouds, which is commonly assumed in the conventional cumulus parameterizations either explicitly or implicitly. A preliminary design of the unified parameterization is presented and partially evaluated, which demonstrates that such an assumption could be eliminated through a relatively minor modification of the existing mass-flux based parameterizations. It is also shown that the unified parameterization provides a physical and quantitative basis for the relaxed adjustment that gives a more room for explicit simulations of the transports.
There are two main sources for uncertainty in the results of the unified parameterization: one is the non-deterministic nature of the closure and the other is estimating cloud properties with huge dimensions by a simple cloud model that has only limited degrees of freedom. This may suggest the necessity of including a stochastic component in the parameterization. It should be noted, however, that such a component is not needed for large values of σ because the explicit simulation by the CRM can act as a random-process generator by itself. In what way and to what extent we should include the stochastic component in the unified parameterization is one of the remaining questions.
The unified parameterization has its own scientific merit because of its simple structure. When sufficient computer resources are available, however, we should rather pursue the other approach, ROUTE II, which follows the MMF approach to statistically couple GCM and CRM grids. The Quasi-3D (Q3D) MMF is an attempt to broaden the applicability of the prototype MMF without necessarily using a fully three-dimensional CRM. To overcome some of the limitations of the prototype MMF, such as the two-dimensionality and periodic boundary conditions of the embedded CRMs, the Q3D MMF introduces a horizontal domain that consists of two perpendicular sets of channels, each of which contains a locally 3D array of grid points. For computing efficiency, the widths of these channels are chosen to be narrow barely sufficient to accommodate active convective clouds of a typical size. Thus, when a relatively large grid size is used for the CRM component, the number of grid points in the lateral direction can be as small as two.
The algorithm of the Q3D CRM is basically that of limited area modeling applied to a horizontal domain with gaps. However, due to the use of narrow channels, the design of the lateral boundary condition is much more demanding than usual limited-area modeling. An obvious necessary requirement is that the lateral boundary condition should not cause computational instability. In addition, it must not significantly distort the statistics of internal solutions. Among the various possibilities examined, it is found that the most effective way to satisfy these requirements is to use the periodic lateral boundary condition for the deviations of all variables from their background values given by interpolation of the GCM variables.
A great advantage of the Q3D MMF is that, as in the unified parameterization, it converges to a 3D CRM as the GCM's resolution is refined while maintaining the same model physics. In the Q3D MMF, the model physics is the CRM physics throughout. An outline of the Q3D algorithm and highlights of preliminary results are reviewed. Comparing the simulation results with the corresponding benchmark simulation performed with a 3D CRM, it is concluded that the Q3D CRM can reproduce most of the important statistics of the 3D solutions, including precipitation rate and heat fluxes at the surface and vertical profiles of the vertical transports of major prognostic variables. Significant improvements compared to the corresponding 2D simulations appear especially in the surface fluxes and the vertical vorticity transports. In the solution of a coarse-resolution 3D CRM that has approximately the same number of grid points with that of the Q3D CRM, the low-level moist static energy and cloud water are over-predicted and the surface latent heat flux is under-predicted. This is probably due to the inefficient upward transport of moisture with the coarse-resolution.
The Q3D algorithm is quite successful in simulating the case where clouds are well organized into a squall-line type. Idealized squall lines, which have a linear structure, are rather two-dimensional phenomena so that they can be more easily represented by the Q3D grid system if the system can recognize their orientation. Having two perpendicular sets of channels enables the CRM component to recognize the orientation reasonably well. It is less successful, however, for the case where small clouds are scattered and therefore cloud circulations are almost purely three-dimensional. It is not an easy task to successfully simulate the pure 3D case with a "gappy" grid system. To represent scattered clouds better in the Q3D MMF, a stochastic component may have to be included.
In the tests performed, the Q3D CRM is not interactively coupled with the GCM component because the horizontal domain is very small so that the GCM cannot produce any physically meaningful horizontal inhomogeneity. For large-scale applications, however, the Q3D network should be coupled with a GCM grid. Coupling the dynamics of the two models is important, especially in view of the convergence of the Q3D MMF to a 3D CRM. In the Q3D MMF, the CRM grid extends beyond the GCM grid cell so that it can represent large-scale dynamics and, therefore, the CRM can generate its own large-sale forcing. To avoid "double counting" of large-scale dynamic processes, we are planning to choose a way in which the Q3D CRM is responsible only for calculating the mean nonlinear effects of the deviations (e.g., eddy transport terms) and most of the diabatic effects due to sub-grid processes. The netsize-averages of the CRM prognostic variables are adjusted to the GCM prognostic variables, loosely/tightly when the GCM resolution is low/high. It is mainly through this coupling that neighboring parallel channels can communicate with each other. The communication is generally statistical but becomes more local as the GCM grid size approaches the CRM grid size.
The Q3D MMF and GCMs with the unified parameterization still represent different families of models although they converge to the same model, a GCRM, as the GCM resolution approaches the CRM resolution (see Fig. 28). We envision that the hierarchy of future global models should form a "Multiscale Modeling Network (MMN)", which combines the above two routes as shown by the vertical dashed line in Fig. 28. With this network, the horizontal resolution of the dynamics core and that of the physical processes can be individually and freely chosen anywhere between those of the conventional GCMs and CRMs without changing the formulation of model physics.
Multiscale modeling network that consists of the unified parameterization, the Q3D MMF, and a link between the two.
Fig. 29 illustrates the history of numerical modeling of the atmosphere. The period of 1950s, which can be characterized by "Victory of Simplification", began with the first successful numerical weather prediction (NWP) by Charney et al. (1950) using an equivalent-barotropic quasi-geostrophic model. The period from the 1960s through 2000s, which can be characterized by "Expansion of the Scope and Diversity", began with the development of the early GCMs. A number of numerical models are subsequently developed for different scales. From the 2000s to present, there is a tendency toward "Unification" of these models. The approaches of MMF and MMN reviewed in this paper expand the unification all the way from GCMs to CRMs as shown by the red bracket in the figure.
Illustration of the history of numerical modeling of the atmosphere.
Posted by MS at 9:02 AM
MS September 16, 2014 at 8:11 AM
Professor Emeritus of Atmospheric Science Dr Bill Gray explains why climate models cannot predict future climate
http://stevengoddard.wordpress.com/2014/09/16/guest-post-from-dr-bill-gray/
MS September 20, 2014 at 12:13 PM
Physicist Dr. Steven Koonin explains many of the problems with climate models:
http://hockeyschtick.blogspot.com/2014/09/wsj-op-ed-climate-science-is-not.html
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Installation of metal structures for technological racks of the processing complex of liquefied natural gases, Portovaya compresing station. The scope of work included the installation of supporting and load-bearing structures, the installation of span structures, the formation of anchor groups, the installation of embedded parts and other installation works.
Results: creation and on-land montage of metal frames of technological racks and bearing supports for the infrastructure of the compressing station.


This newest Doral location, their third, spotlights an artisanal fish market. The large rustic space with stone floors and a huge tuna head light fixture and and a bar where you can talk sushi with chef Masatomo Hamaya. Leung and Kim run it with Leung's brother, Hideaki Ray, the culinary director. The brothers have created a space nostalgic for their childhoods in Okinawa with an old pachinko machine and memory boxes filled with an early Nintendo, comic books and ninja films.
Besides seafood on crushed ice, the market sells binchotan charcoal made from ubame oak that only grows in Wakayama Japan, small batch soy sauce from Kentucky aged in bourbon barrels and Pocky Japanese cookie sticks.
Shishito peppers come sprinkled in bonito flakes that dance with the heat coming off the dish.
If you go to the daily happy hour, try the $1 James River oysters from Virginia. They have a firm texture and briny taste. From the regular menu, start with bacon wrapped bundles of enoki mushrooms or grilled baby octopus sunomono with cucumber and cherry tomatoes in tosazu vinaigrette. It's made with vinegar fermented with konbu kelp in cedar casks.
There's also shrimp tempura with spicy togarashi salt and tentsuyu dipping sauce sauce, a blend of soy, mirin and dashi with grated daikon. Fish and chips are made with beer-battered corvina and served with lotus root chips and tartar sauce. Grilled shishito peppers with garlic ponzu vinaigrette are served with shaved bonito. And maitake mushroom fritters are dusted in truffle salt.
Most everything on the menu is meant for sharing, from the tonkotsu ramen with kurobuta pork belly to blue crab fried rice.
The octopus clay pot brings premium tamakimai rice for mixing with squid ink, bacon, asparagus and slices of tentacle, while miso roasted cauliflower is topped with golden raisins and pine nuts in sesame dressing.
Okonomiyaki are savory pancakes with shrimp, squid, octopus and cabbage, topped with powdered laver seaweed, mayo, barbecue-like okonomi sauce and shaved bonito. Chawanmushi are delicate steamed egg custards with snow crab and shitake mushroom, and shrimp gyoza come enclosed in wings of batter, smothered in bonito shreds.
From the sushi menu, try the omasake (or chef's choice). The fish come brushed in aged soy sauce with the sushi rice made with aged vinegar. It often includes madai (sea bream), amberjack, gizzard shad (spotted sardine), Spanish mackerel, and a toro tuna that is cold-aged a month so enzymes break down the muscle cells and the umami becomes richer.
From the grill, try pig cheeks with sesame oil or hamachi (yellowtail) collar, which is naturally succulent and tender (fish don't use their necks much).
Get the cherry blossom galette with black cherry confit, topped with vanilla ice cream and strawberry slices.
Hidden Gems highlights out-of-the-way restaurants in Miami-Dade County. It is not intended to be an anonymous, critical review. For more Hidden Gems visit Miami.com.
Hours: Monday-Thursday 11:30 a.m.-10 p.m., Friday 11:30 a.m.-11:30 p.m., Saturday 5 p.m.-11:30 p.m., Sunday 12:30 p.m.-10 p.m., happy hour Monday-Friday 3p.m.-7 p.m., Saturday and Sunday 5 p.m.-7 p.m., fish market open 11 a.m.-7 p.m.