When I first announced that I was going to be looking at the roots of DocShell, and how it has changed over the years, I thought I was going to be leafing through a lot of old CVS commits in order to see what went on before the switch to Mercurial.
I thought it'd be so, and indeed it was so. And it was painful. Having worked with DVCS's like Mercurial and Git so much over the past couple of years, my brain was just not prepared to deal with CVS.
My solution? Take the old CVS tree, and attempt to make a Git repo out of it. Git I can handle.
And so I spent a number of hours trying to use cvs2git to convert my rsync'd mirror of the Mozilla CVS repository into something that I could browse with GitX.
"But why isn't the CVS history in the Mercurial tree?" I hear you ask. And that's a good question. It might have to do with the fact that converting the CVS history over is bloody hard – or at least that was my experience. cvs2git has the unfortunate habit of analyzing the entire repository / history and spitting out any errors or corruptions it found at the end.1 This is fine for small repositories, but the Mozilla CVS repo (even back in 1999) was quite substantial, and had quite a bit of history.
So my experience became: run cvs2git, wait 25 minutes, glare at an error message about corruption, scour the web for solutions to the issue, make random stabs at a solution, and repeat.
Not the greatest situation. I did what most people in my position would do, and cast my frustration into the cold, unfeeling void that is Twitter.
But, lo and behold, somebody on the other side of the planet was listening. Unfocused informed me that whoever created the gecko-dev Github mirror somehow managed to type in the black-magic incantations that would import all of the old CVS history into the Git mirror. I simply had to clone gecko-dev, and I was golden.
So I had my tree. I cracked open Gitx, put some tea on, and started pouring through the commits from the initial creation of the docshell folder (October 15, 1999) to the last change in that folder just before the switch over to 2005 (December 15, 2004)2.
The following are my notes as I peered through those commits.
Artist's rendering of me reading some old commit messages. I'm not claiming to have magic powers.
That's the message for the first commit when the docshell/ folder was first created by Travis Bogard. Correction (Jan 3rd, 2015) – this is actually not true at all. The commit I've linked to here is the first commit for nsDocShell.cpp, but the docshell/ folder was actually created over a year earlier. It looks like the "docshell" monicker was selected before any of Travis' refactoring had even begun3.
Without even looking at the code, that's a pretty strange commit just by the message alone. No bug number, no reviewer, no approval, nothing even approximating a vague description of what was going on.
Leafing through these early commits, I was surprised to find that quite common. In fact, I learned that it was about a year after this work started that code review suddenly became mandatory for commits.
So, for these first bits of code, nobody seems to be reviewing it – or at least, nobody is signing off on it in commit messages.
Before we continue, who is this intrepid Travis Bogard who is spearheading this embedding initiative and the DocShell / WebShell rewrite?
At the time, according to his LinkedIn page, he worked for America Online (which at this point in time owned Netscape.5) He'd been working for AOL since 1996, working his way up the ranks from lowly intern all the way to Principal Software Engineer.
So, for these first few months, it was Travis who would be doing most of the work on DocShell.
These first few months, Travis puts the pedal to the metal moving things out of WebShell and into DocShell. Remember – the idea was to have a thin, simple nsWebBrowser that embedders could touch, and a fat, complex DocShell that was privately used within Gecko that was accessible via many small, specialized interfaces.
Wholesale replacing or refactoring a major part of the engine is no easy task, however – and since WebShell was core to the very function of the browser (and the mail/news client, and a bunch of other things), there were two copies of WebShell made.
The original WebShell existed in webshell/ under the root directory. The second WebShell, the one that would eventually replace it, existed under docshell/base. The one under docshell/base is the one that Travis was stripping down, but nobody was using it until it was stable. They'd continue using the one under webshell/, until they were satisfied with their implementation by both manual and automated testing.
When they were satisfied, they'd branch off of the main development line, and start removing occurances of WebShell where they didn't need to be, and replace them with nsWebBrowser or DocShell where appropriate. When they were done that, they'd merge into main line, and celebrate!
That plan is spelled out here in the Plan of Attack for the redesign. That plan sketches out a rough schedule as well, and targets November 30th, 1999 as the completion point of the project.
This parallel development means that any bugs that get discovered in WebShell during the redesign needs to get fixed in two places – both under webshell/ and docshell/base.
along with some build files. Something interesting here is this nsIHTMLDocShell – where it looked like at this point, the plan was to have different DocShell interfaces depending on the type of document being displayed. Later on, we see this idea dissipate.
If DocShell was a person, these are its baby pictures. At this point, nsIDocShell has just two methods: LoadDocument, LoadDocumentVia, and a single nsIDOMDocument attribute for the document.
This is consistent with the remarks in this wikipage where it was mentioned that the new DocShell interfaces should have an API for the caller to supply a document, instead of a URI – thus taking the responsibility of calling into the networking library away from DocShell and putting it on the caller.
nsIDocShellEdit seems to be a replacement for some of the functions of the old nsIClipboardCommands methods that WebShell relied upon. Specifically, this interface was concerned with cutting, copying and pasting selections within the document. There is also a method for searching. These methods are all just stubbed out, and don't do much at this point.
nsIDocShellFile seems to be the interface used for printing and saving documents.
nsIGenericWindow (which I believe is the ancestor of nsIBaseWindow), seems to be an interface that some embedding window must implement in order for the new nsWebBrowser / DocShell to be embedded in it. I think. I'm not too clear on this. At the very least, I think it's supposed to be a generic interface for windows supplied by the underlying operating system.
nsIGlobalHistory is an interface for, well, browsing history. This was before tabs, so we had just a single, linear global history to maintain, and I guess that's what this interface was for. Correction (Jan 3rd, 2015) – global history is really just a recording of everywhere you've ever been, ever. It looks like I was getting confused between global history (all the places I've been) and session history (all the places I've been this session).
nsIScrollable is an interface for manipulating the scroll position of a document.
So these magnificent seven new interfaces were the first steps in breaking up WebShell… what was next?
nsIDocShellContainer was created so that the DocShells could be formed into a tree and enumerated, and so that child DocShells could be named. It was introduced in this commit.
In this commit, only five days after the first landing, Travis appears to reverse the decision to pass the responsibility of loading the document onto the caller of DocShell. LoadDocument and LoadDocumentVia are replaced by LoadURI and LoadURIVia. Steve Clark (aka "buster") is also added to the authors list of the nsIDocShell interface. It's not clear to me why this decision was reversed, but if I had to guess, I'd say it proved to be too much of a burden on the callers to load all of the documents themselves. Perhaps they punted on that goal, and decided to tackle it again later (though I will point out that today's nsIDocShell still has LoadURI defined in it).
The first implementation of nsIDocShell showed up on October 25, 1999. It was nsHTMLDocShell, and with the exception of nsIGlobalHistory, it implemented all of the other interfaces that I listed in Travis' first landing.
On October 25th, the stubs of a DocShell base implementation showed up in the repository. The idea, I would imagine, is that for each of the document types that Gecko can display, we'd have a DocShell implementation, and each of these DocShell implementations would inherit from this DocShell base class, and only override the things that they need specialized for their particular document type.
Later on, when the idea of having specialized DocShell implementations evaporates, this base class will end up being nsDocShell.cpp.
That same day, most of the methods were removed from the nsHTMLDocShell implementation, and nsHTMLDocShell was made to inherit from nsDocShellBase.
added a bunch of initial implementation. does not compile yet, but that's ok because docshell isn't part of the build yet.
So not only are none of these patches being reviewed (as far as I can tell), and are not mapped to any bugs in the bug tracker, but the patches themselves just straight-up do not build. They are not building on tinderbox.
This is in pretty stark contrast to today's code conventions. While it's true that we might land code that is not entered for most Nightly users, we usually hide such code behind an about:config pref so that developers can flip it on to test it. And I think it's pretty rare (if it ever occurs) for us to land code in mozilla-central that's not immediately put into the build system.
Perhaps the WebShell tests that were part of the Plan of Attack were being written in parallel and just haven't landed, but I suspect that they haven't been written at all at this point. I suspect that the team was trying to stand something up and make it partially work, and then write tests for WebShell and try to make them pass for both old WebShell and DocShell. Or maybe just the latter.
These days, I think that's probably how we'd go about such a major re-architecture / redesign / refactor; we'd write tests for the old component, land code that builds but is only entered via an about:config pref, and then work on porting the tests over to the new component. Once the tests pass for both, flip the pref for our Nightly users and let people test the new stuff. Once it feels stable, take it up the trains. And once it ships and it doesn't look like anything is critically wrong with the new component, begin the process of removing the old component / tests and getting rid of the about:config pref.
Note that I'm not at all bashing Travis or the other developers who were working on this stuff back then – I'm simply remarking on how far we've come in terms of development practices.
Tangentially, I'm seeing some patches go by that have to do with hooking up some kind of "Keyword" support to WebShell.
Remember those keywords? This was the pre-Google era where there were only a few simplistic search engines around, and people were still trying to solve discoverability of things on the web. Keywords was, I believe, AOL's attempt at a solution.
You can read up on AOL Keywords here. I just thought it was interesting to find some Keywords support being written in here.
Now that we have decided that there is only one docshell for all content types, we needed to get rid of the base class/ content type implementation. This checkin takes and moves the nsDocShellBase to be nsDocShell. It now holds the nsIHTMLDocShell stuff. This will be going away. nsCDocShell was created to replace the previous nsCHTMLDocShell.
This commit lands on November 12th (almost a month from the first landing), and is the point where the DocShell-implementation-per-document-type plan breaks down. nsDocShellBase gets renamed to nsDocShell, and the nsIHTMLDocShell interface gets moved into nsIDocShell.idl, where a comment above it indicates that the interface will soon go away.
We have nsCDocShell.idl, but this interface will eventually disappear as well.
I eventually found this ancient wiki page that documents some of the language used in bugs on Bugzilla, and it has an entry for "pork jockey": a pork jockey bug is a "bug for work needed on infrastructure/architecture".
Here's the e-mail that Brendan Eich sent out to get the Porkjockey's flying.
On November 17th, the nsIGenericWindow interface was removed because it was being implemented in widget/base/nsIBaseWindow.idl.
On November 27th, nsWebShell started to implement nsIBaseWindow, which helped pull a bunch of methods out of the WebShell implementations.
On November 29th, nsWebShell now implements nsIDocShell – so this seems to be the first point where the DocShell work gets brought into code paths that might be hit. This is particularly interesting, because he makes this change to both the WebShell implementation that he has under the docshell/ folder, as well as the WebShell implementation under the webshell/ folder. This means that some of the DocShell code is now actually being used.
On November 30th, Travis lands a patch to remove some old commented out code. The commit message mentions that the nsIDocShellEdit and nsIDocShellFile interfaces introduced in the first landing are now defunct. It doesn't look like anything is diving in to replace these interfaces straight away, so it looks like he's just not worrying about it just yet. The defunct interfaces are removed in this commit one day later.
On December 1st, WebShell (both the fork and the "live" version) is made to implement nsIDocShellContainer.
One day later, nsIDocShellTreeNode interface is added to replace nsIDocShellContainer. The interface is almost identical to nsIDocShellContainer, except that it allows the caller to access child DocShells at particular indices as opposed to just returning an enumerator.
WebShell stops implementing nsIScriptContextOwner in favour of the shiny new nsIScriptGlobalObjectOwner.
The (somewhat nebulous) distinction of DocShell "treeItems" and "treeNodes" is made. At this point, the difference between the two is that nsIDocShellTreeItem must be implemented by anything that wishes to be a leaf or middle node of the DocShell tree. The interface itself provides accessors to various attributes on the tree item. nsIDocShellTreeNode, on the other hand, is for manipulating one of these items in the tree – for example, finding, adding or removing children. I'm not entirely sure this distinction is useful, but there you have it. WebShell (both the fork and "live" version) are set to implement these two new interfaces.
Noticing something? A lot of these changes are getting dumped straight into the live version of WebShell (under the webshell/ directory). That's not really what the Plan of Attack had spelled out, but that's what appears to be happening. Perhaps all of this stuff was trivial enough that it didn't warrant waiting for the WebShell fork to switch over.
On December 12th, nsIDocShellTreeOwner is introduced.
On December 15th, buster re-lands the nsIDocShellEdit and nsIDocShellFile interfaces that were removed on November 30th, but they're called nsIContentViewerEdit and nsIContentViewerFile, respectively. Otherwise, they're identical.
On December 17th, WebShell becomes a subclass of DocShell. This means that a bunch of things can get removed from WebShell, since they're being taken care of by the parent DocShell class. This is a pretty significant move in the whole "replacing WebShell" strategy.
Similar work occurs on December 20th, where even more methods inside WebShell start to forward to the base DocShell class.
That's the last bit of notable work during 1999. These next bits show up in the new year, and provides further proof that we didn't all blow up during Y2K.
On Feburary 2nd, 2000, a new interface called nsIWebNavigation shows up. This interface is still used to this day to navigate a browser, and to get information about whether it can go "forwards" or "backwards".
On February 8th, a patch lands that makes nsGlobalWindow deal entirely in DocShells instead of WebShells. nsIScriptGlobalObject also now deals entirely with DocShells. This is a pretty big move, and the patch is sizeable.
On February 11th, more methods are removed from WebShell, since the refactorings and rearchitecture have made them obsolete.
On February 14th, for Valentine's day, Travis lands a patch to have DocShell implement the nsIWebNavigation interface. Later on, he lands a patch that relinquishes further control from WebShell, and puts the DocShell in control of providing the script environment and providing the nsIScriptGlobalObjectOwner interface. Not much later, he lands a patch that implements the Stop method from the nsIWebNavigation interface for DocShell. It's not being used yet, but it won't be long now. Valentine's day was busy!
On February 24th, more stuff (like the old Stop implementation) gets gutted from WebShell. Some, if not all, of those methods get forwarded to the underlying DocShell, unsurprisingly.
Similar story on February 29th, where a bunch of the scroll methods are gutted from WebShell, and redirected to the underlying DocShell. This one actually has a bug and some reviewers!9 Travis also landed a patch that gets DocShell set up to be able to create its own content viewers for various documents.
March 10th saw Travis gut plenty of methods from WebShell and redirect to DocShell instead. These include Init, SetDocLoaderObserver, GetDocLoaderObserver, SetParent, GetParent, GetChildCount, AddChild, RemoveChild, ChildAt, GetName, SetName, FindChildWithName, SetChromeEventHandler, GetContentViewer, IsBusy, SetDocument, StopBeforeRequestingURL, StopAfterURLAvailable, GetMarginWidth, SetMarginWidth, GetMarginHeight, SetMarginHeight, SetZoom, GetZoom. A few follow-up patches did something similar. That must have been super satisfying.
March 11th, Travis removes the Back, Forward, CanBack and CanForward methods from WebShell. Consumers of those can use the nsIWebNavigation interface on the DocShell instead.
March 30th sees the nsIDocShellLoadInfo interface show up. This interface is for "specifying information used in a nsIDocShell::loadURI call". I guess this is certainly better than adding a huge amount of arguments to ::loadURI.
During all of this, I'm seeing references to a "new session history" being worked on. I'm not really exploring session history (at this point), so I'm not highlighting those commits, but I do want to point out that a replacement for the old Netscape session history stuff was underway during all of this DocShell business, and the work intersected quite a bit.
On April 16th, Travis lands a commit that takes yet another big chunk out of WebShell in terms of loading documents and navigation. The new session history is now being used instead of the old.
We're approaching what appears to be the end of the DocShell work. According to his LinkedIn profile, Travis left AOL in May 2000. His last commit to the repository before he left was on April 24th. Big props to Travis for all of the work he put in on this project – by the time he left, WebShell was quite a bit simpler than when he started. I somehow don't think he reached the end state that he had envisioned when he'd written the original redesign document – the work doesn't appear to be done. WebShell is still around (in fact, parts of it around were around until only recently!10 ). Still, it was a hell of chunk of work he put in.
And if I'm interpreting the rest of the commits after this correctly, there is a slow but steady drop off in large architectural changes, and a more concerted effort to stabilize DocShell, nsWebBrowser and nsWebShell. I suspect this is because everybody was buckling down trying to ship the first version of the Mozilla Suite (which finally occurred June 5th, 2002 – still more than 2 years down the road).
There are still some notable commits though. I'll keep listing them off.
On June 22nd, a developer called "rpotts" lands a patch to remove the SetDocument method from DocShell, and to give the implementation / responsibility of setting the document on implementations of nsIContentViewer.
July 5th sees rpotts move the new session history methods from nsIWebNavigation to a new interface called nsIDocShellHistory. It's starting to feel like the new session history is really heating up.
On July 18th, a developer named Judson Valeski lands a large patch with the commit message "webshell-docshell consolodation changes". Paraphrasing from the bug, the point of this patch is to move WebShell into the DocShell lib to reduce the memory footprint. This also appears to be a lot of cleanup of the DocShell code. Declarations are moved into header files. The nsDocShellModule is greatly simplified with some macros. It looks like some dead code is removed as well.
On November 9th, a developer named "disttsc" moves the nsIContentViewer interface from the webshell folder to the docshell folder, and converts it from a manually created .h to an .idl. The commit message states that this work is necessary to fix bug 46200, which was filed to remove nsIBrowserInstance (according to that bug, nsIBrowserInstance must die).
That's probably the last big, notable change to DocShell during the 2000's.
On March 8th, a developer named "Dan M" moves the GetPersistence and SetPersistence methods from nsIWebBrowserChrome to nsIDocShellTreeOwner. He sounds like he didn't really want to do it, or didn't want to be pegged with the responsibility of the decision – the commit message states "embedding API review meeting made me do it." This work was tracked in bug 69918.
On April 16th, Judson Valeski makes it so that the mimetypes that a DocShell can handle are not hardcoded into the implementation. Instead, handlers can be registered via the CategoryManager. This work was tracked in bug 40772.
On April 26th, a developer named Simon Fraser adds an implementation of nsISimpleEnumerator for DocShells. This implementation is called, unsurprisingly, nsDocShellEnumerator. This was for bug 76758. A method for retrieving an enumerator is added one day later in a patch that fixes a number of bugs, all related to the page find feature.
April 27th saw the first of the NSPR logging for DocShell get added to the code by a developer named Chris Waterson. Work for that was tracked in bug 76898.
On May 16th, for bug 79608, Brian Stell landed a getter and setter for the character set for a particular DocShell.
* WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING !!!!
* THIS INTERFACE IS DEPRECATED. DO NOT ADD STUFF OR CODE TO IT!!!!
I'm actually surprised it too so long for something like this to get added to the nsIWebShell interface – though perhaps there was a shared understanding that nsIWebShell was shrinking, and such a notice wasn't really needed.
On January 9th, 2003 (yes, a whole year later – I didn't find much worth mentioning in the intervening time), I see the first reference to "deCOMtamination", which is an effort to reduce the amount of XPCOM-style code being used. You can read up more on deCOMtamination here.
On January 13th, 2003, Nisheeth Ranjan lands a patch to use "machine learning" in order to order results in the urlbar autocomplete list. I guess this was the precursor to the frencency algorithm that the AwesomeBar uses today? Interestingly, this code was backed out again on February 21st, 2003 for reasons that aren't immediately clear – but it looks like, according to this comment, the code was meant to be temporary in order to gather "weights" from participants in the Mozilla 1.3 beta, which could then be hard-coded into the product. The machine-learning bug got closed on June 25th, 2009 due to AwesomeBar and frecency.
On Februrary 11th, 2004, the onbeforeunload event is introduced.
On April 17, 2004, gerv lands the first of several patches to switch the licensing of the code over to the MPL/LGPL/GPL tri-license. That'd be MPL 1.1.
On July 7th, 2004, timeless lands a patch that makes it so that embedders can disable all plugins in a document.
On November 23rd, 2004, the parent and treeOwner attributes for nsIDocShellTreeItem are made scriptable. They are read-only for script.
On December 8th, 2004, bz lands a patch that makes DocShell inherit from DocLoader, and starts a move to eliminate nsIWebShell, nsIWebShellContainer, and nsIDocumentLoader.
And that's probably the last notable patch related to DocShell in 2004.
Reading through all of these commits in the docshell/ and webshell/ folders is a bit like taking a core sample of a very mature tree, and reading its rings. I can see some really important events occurring as I flip through these commits – from the very birth of Mozilla, to the birth of XPCOM and XUL, to porkjockeys, and the start of the embedding efforts… all the way to the splitting out of Thunderbird, deCOMtamination and introduction of the MPL. I really got a sense of the history of the Mozilla project reading through these commits.
I feel like I'm getting a better and better sense of where DocShell came from, and why it does what it does. I hope if you're reading this, you're getting that same sense.
Stay tuned for the next bit, where I look at years 2005 to 2010.
* The web shell is a container for implementations of nsIContentViewer.
* behavior to an nsIWebShellContainer.
* Web shells can be arranged in a tree.
This entry was posted in Computer Science, Firefox, Mozilla, Technology and tagged code archaeology, docshell, history, mozilla, rearchitecture, travis bogard, webshell on August 10, 2014 by Mike.
Over the past few weeks, I've been experimenting with taking notes on the bugs I've been fixing in Evernote.
I've always taken notes on my bugs, but usually in some disposable text file that gets tossed away once the bug is completed.
Evernote gives me more powers, like embedded images, checkboxes, etc. It's really quite nice, and it lets me export to HTML.
I've just posted my first bugnote. It's raw, unedited, and probably a little hard to follow if you don't know what I'm working on. I thought maybe it'd be interesting to see what's going on in my head as I fix a bug. And who knows, if somebody needs to re-investigate a bug or a related bug down the line, these notes might save some people some time.
Anyhow, here are my bugnotes. And if you're interested in doing something similar, you can fork it (I'm using Jekyll for static site construction).
This entry was posted in Computer Science, Firefox, Mozilla, Technology, Thunderbird and tagged bugnotes on August 6, 2014 by Mike.


text:
Szazadveg decries OSCE findings as 'unfounded'
The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) has "levelled unfounded accusations against the Hungarian election system" in its interim report on the April 3 election, "based on arguments used by the Hungarian left-wing parties," the Szazadveg Foundation said on Tuesday.
In an open letter sent to OSCE mission head Jillian Stirk, Szazadveg said the mission's reports amounted to "interference in a democratic election".
The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights published an interim report of the findings of its election observation mission last week. The report said that up to March 15, the mission had found deteriorating circumstances of the democratic elections and a danger of abuse of government funds. OSCE observers found it worrisome that the general election was held simultaneously with the referendum on Hungary's amended child protection law, as well as the state of media freedom and judiciary independence, they said.
Szazadveg said those arguments had originally come from opposition politicians, leftist media and NGOs.
Based on this report, "the OSCE's final report after the elections is expected to be biased, politically motivated and will contain a pre-written decision," Szazadveg said.
Szazadveg pointed to the fact that the option to hold referendums and elections at the same date was submitted to parliament by Parbeszed's Timea Szabo, an opposition politician, and voted for by all parliamentary parties.
The constitution ensures freedom of the press, and online media is ruled by a "hegemony" of opposition outlets, Szazadveg said. Since a "turning point" in 2010, the Hungarian media landscape has become freer and more diverse than in western states, they said.
Szazadveg said the judiciary was also impartial and independent.
OSCE mission members, when assessing the need for observing the election, talked to 10 politicians, only 3 of which were members of the ruling party, Szazadveg said. They also heard ten opposition public figures and nine NGOs "which consistently represent an anti-government stance and the principles of open society", the letter said.
Szazadveg called on Stirk to "diversify" the discourse on the rule of law in Hungary and to hear the argument of both sides to create a "realistic" view of the state of affairs in Hungary.
Pollsters anticipate Fidesz win on April 3
Ujhelyi: Hungary could lose EU resources if it refuses to join EPPO

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Медве́девский райо́н () — административно-территориальная единица и муниципальное образование (муниципальный район) в составе Республики Марий Эл Российской Федерации.

Административный центр района — посёлок городского типа Медведево.

География
Медведевский муниципальный район расположен в центральной части Республики Марий Эл. На севере он граничит с Кировской областью и Оршанским районом, на востоке с Советским районом, на юге с Звениговским районом, на западе с Килемарским районом.

Площадь района 2800 км² (или 280 000 га).

Район образован в декабре 1943 года.

Административным центром является посёлок городского типа Медведево, расположен в 8 км от столицы республики г. Йошкар-Ола.

Район состоит из 2 городских поселений (Медведевское и Краснооктябрьское) и 16 сельских поселений (Азановское, Азяковское, Ежовское, Знаменское, Кузнецовское, Кундышское, Куярское, Люльпанское, Нурминское, Пекшиксолинское, Русско-Кукморское, Руэмское, Сенькинское, Сидоровское, Шойбулакское и Юбилейное).

Число населённых пунктов — 160.

 Водные ресурсы

По территории района протекают реки Малая и Большая Кокшага, 26 малых рек, имеются 16 озёр, 32 пруда с плотинами, 66 болот. Кроме того имеется большое природное подземное водохранилище водой из которого снабжаются несколько микрорайонов Йошкар-Олы.

 Лесные ресурсы
Леса занимают 194788 га территории. В лесах обитают 46 видов животных и 150 — птиц. Действуют заказник «Устье-Кундышский», созданный 20 сентября 1968 года с целью охраны промысловых птиц и животных, и заповедник «Большая Кокшага», созданный в 1993 году для сохранения уникальной флоры и фауны.

История
Район образован 6 декабря 1943 года из 12 сельсоветов Йошкар-Олинского района. 11 марта 1959 года к Медведевскому району была присоединена часть территории упразднённого Семёновского района.

Население

 Урбанизация
В городских условиях (пгт Краснооктябрьский и Медведево) проживают  % населения района.

 Национальный состав
Национальный состав населения Медведевского района согласно Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года. По данным переписи в районе встречаются представители более 54 национальностей.

Органы власти

Администрация
Администрация Медеведевского муниципального района является органом исполнительной власти района.

Главой администрации Медведевского района с 4 апреля 1996 года по 2014 год являлся Даиль Габдуллович Шагиахметов. 6 октября 2014 года главой администрации был избран Алексей Вячеславович Плотников, работавший ранее первым заместителем министра государственного имущества Республики Марий Эл. 4 декабря 2015 года Алексей Плотников подал в отставку, исполняющим обязанности был назначен первый заместитель Денис Сергеевич Окулов. 31 декабря 2015 года Денис Окулов был избран главой администрации.

Собрание депутатов
Собрание депутатов муниципального образования «Медведевский муниципальный район» является органом законодательной власти. Председателем собрания депутатов является глава муниципального образования «Медведевский муниципальный район» С 30 сентября 2014 года главой муниципального образования является бывший глава администрации Даиль Габдуллович Шагиахметов.

Административное деление
В Медведевский район как административно-территориальную единицу входят 2 посёлка городского типа (пгт) и 16 сельских округов. Сельские округа одноимённы образованным в их границах сельским поселениям, а пгт — городским поселениям.

В Медведевский муниципальный район входят 18 муниципальных образований, в том числе 2 городских поселения и 16 сельских поселений

Законом Республики Марий Эл от 30 декабря 2013 года, Пижменское, Туршинское и Люльпанское сельские поселения были объединены в новое муниципальное образование со статусом сельского поселения с административным центром в деревне Люльпаны; Нужъяльское и Нурминское сельские поселения  были объединены в новое муниципальное образование со статусом сельского поселения с административным центром в селе Нурма.

Населённые пункты
В Медведевском районе 160 населённых пунктов.

Экономика
 Сельское хозяйство
В районе имеется 15 сельхозпредприятий, более 140 фермерских хозяйств. Район производит около 1/3 всей сельскохозяйственной продукции республики. Пахотные земли занимают 43828 га территории, сенокос и пастбища — 13582 га и 922 га земли занимают фермерские хозяйства района.

Культура и образование
В районе имеется 28 общеобразовательных школ.

Здравоохранение
В районе имеется 23 учреждениях здравоохранения (больницы, фельдшерские пункты).

Известные жители
 Архипова, Элина Анатольевна (род. 1960, д. Большой Шаплак) — марийский композитор, педагог, музыкальный деятель.
 Виноградов, Владислав Петрович (1899, с. Кузнецово — 1962) — советский военачальник, генерал-лейтенант.
 Волков, Лев Николаевич (1923, с. Большое Акашево — 1945) — полный кавалер ордена Славы.
 Товашов, Михаил Миронович (1881, д. Сосновка — 1939) — военный и политический деятель, литератор-публицист.

См. также

Примечания

Литература

Районы, образованные в 1943 году
Появились в 1943 году в России

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
New DVDs (and some I forgot about)
Little Fish. Starring Cate Blanchett, Sam Neil and Hugo Weaving. Former heroin junkie Tracy has spent four years clean, is mending her family relationships, and starting a business. Tracy tries to stay straight when three men from her past, including her brother and a former boyfriend, start dragging her back into the crime world.
Strange Brew. Starring Bob and Doug McKenzie (Rick Moranis and Dave Thomas). Released in 1983. Bob and Doug stick a mouse in a beer bottle and visit the Elsinore brewery hoping to get free beer. The scheming brewmaster takes advantage of their stupidity to frame them for the owner's murder. The brewmaster is then free to set upon his plans to take over the world by releasing his mind control beer on Toronto's Oktoberfest. What a hoser.
The King. Starring Gael Garcia Bernal and William Hurt. Elvis leaves the Navy and heads to Texas to find his biological father, David, who he never met. David is now a successful Baptist pastor who wants his sinful past to stay hidden, and Elvis to do the same. After his rejection by David, Elvis befriends his half-sister Malerie and starts to make unwanted in-roads into David's life.
American Dreamz. Starring Hugh Grant, Dennis Quaid and Mandy Moore. A comedic parody of American Idol with the president joining the popular show to improve his own ratings.
Edmond. Starring William H. Macy, Mena Suvari, Denise Richards, Julia Stiles, Bokeem Woodbine. A David Mamet story (which explains why Joe Mantegna and Rebecca Pigeon also appear). Edmond uncharacteristically gets his fortune told and learns "he is not where he is supposed to be". After a fight with his wife, Edmond goes to bar, talks to a racist, and starts losing the self-control his life has had.
Beerfest. From the makers of Super Troopers and Club Dread. Beer guzzling brothers Todd and Jan travel to Germany during the heights of Oktoberfest to spread their grandfather's ashes. Stumbling across the secret Beerfest drinking competition they decide to enter as the American team to show their German relatives that they too can "swill beer and embarass themselves just as well as anyone".
Pirates of the Caribbean 2: Dead Man's Chest. Starring Johnny Depp, Orlando Bloom, Keira Knightley, Stellan Skarsgard, Bill Nighy. Something about pirates, sword fighting, ships, Keira Knightley, and some sort of octopus man.
Uno Bianca. Italian crime thriller. A team of detectives have been tracking and chasing a gang of armed robbers. When a resulting gunfight kills their officer, the cops take their methods and chase to the extreme. Based on a true story of crimes in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy in 1991.
New DVD I Missed
Shadowboxer. Starring Cuba Gooding, Jr. and Helen Mirren. Mikey has been raised by assassin Rose as a killer, and as her lover. When Rose and Mikey are hired to kill a pregnant wife the cancer stricken Rose decides to go on the run with the girl and Mikey.
Imaginary Kingdom by Tim Finn. Native New Zealander Tim Finn and his brother Neil are best known through their bands Split Enz and Crowded House. They also did two albums together as the Finn Brothers. Here's part of the review for Imaginary at Allmusic "To say that this album is magical is an understatement! Imaginary Kingdom is an atmospheric and joyous collection of beautifully written songs that embrace the listener with warmth and emotional honesty. Piano moves back to centerstage again and Finn's vocals are a wonder to behold." If you'd like to read more gushing go to the fan forums at Frenz of the Enz.
Modern Times by Bob Dylan. You likely know who Dylan is. This is his latest album and is supposed to be above par, better than that slump he was in for several years back in the '80s.
Endless Wire by The Who. Half a Who released this new studio album in conjunction with their latest tour. Endless Wire has garnered good reviews and, since Townshend songs and Daltrey's voice are still there, the core of the Who plays on. Also includes a five song DVD from a July, '06 concert in France.
Folk-Pop
9 by Damien Rice. Irishman Rice's music provided part of the soundtrack for the film Closer and The Blower's Daughter is his most recognizable tune. This CD just narrowly missed a disastrous coffee spill, check it out from the Library before the next java attack.
Sing A Long: Crunchy Munchy Music by The Wiggles. I read that Yellow Shirt is leaving the band due to a chronic illness. Enjoy his last vocal appearance on this album by the Australian band. Incidentally, Tim Finn recorded an old Split Enz song, Six Months in a Leaky Boat, with the Wiggles a few years ago.


text:
Lost in Blue 2, MGS PSP in May
Konami concretes spring dates.
News by	Robert Purchese, Senior Staff Writer
Updated on 4 April 2007
Those of you eager to get your hands on Konami's rather excellent pocket Snake adventure will be slightly upset to see it has slipped out of April.
Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops will now be available on May 4th, and you can find our import review elsewhere on Eurogamer.
Also popping out of Konami's latest release schedule is DS adventure game Lost in Blue 2, which now has a firm date of 11th May. Something we can't wait to get stuck into.
As for later this month, PS2 fans can expect to be making shapes in Dancing Stage Super Nova, or fighting hundreds of sixteenth century Japanese enemies in Demon Chaos.
These morsels will be let out of the traps on 27th April, along with PSP outing Death Jr. 2 - Root of Evil, and Yu-Gi-Oh! World Championship 2007 on DS.
So, a bit of something for everyone this spring. Lets all get loaded and have a good time.
Lost in Blue 2
Lost in Blue 2 Review
Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops
Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Review
Robert Purchese
Bertie is senior staff writer and Eurogamer's Poland-and-dragons correspondent. He's part of the furniture here, a friendly chair, and reports on all kinds of things, the stranger the better.


text:
Q: Read certain values inside a JSON array without using foreach (PHP) I've had a few problems recently trying to decode and read the price for particular items in the bitskins api.
For example: The OPSKINS API simply outputs:
{"status":1,"time":1477116462,"response":{"AK-47 | Aquamarine Revenge (Battle-Scarred)":{"price":802,"quantity":25}
Which is fairly easy to decode through the code:
['response'][$name]['price']
However the BitSkins API outputs in a fairly odd manner:
{"status" : "success","prices" : [{"market_hash_name" : "AK-47 | Aquamarine Revenge (Battle-Scarred)","price" : "8.51","created_at" : 1477110433}
As you can see, the price is in the same array as the item name. I was wondering how to (in PHP) to decode the API so I'm just reading the item price corresponding to the name in the same manner I did with the OPSkins API.
Thanks!

A: Assuming your JSON String is really this, which makes it valid
$s = '{"status" : "success",
       "prices" : [
            {"market_hash_name" : "AK-47 | Aquamarine Revenge (Battle-Scarred)",
             "price" : "8.51",
            "created_at" : 1477110433}
            ]}';

$j = json_decode($s);
echo $j->prices[0]->price;

Or if you prefer to convert perfectly good objects to arrays
$j = json_decode($s, true);
echo $j['prices'][0]['price'];

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


On April 22, 2016, TLSG's President Kim Sawyer delivered a keynote address at an event organized by the Rhode Island College's Institute for Portuguese and Lusophone World Studies. The event was aimed at creating networking opportunities for Portuguese-speaking graduates and addressing the need for increasing the bilingual Portuguese population within Rhode Island's diverse workforce. Kim's speech focused on the importance of turning obstacles into opportunities. Drawing on her own experiences, Kim shared with the audience how she was able to overcome major challenges and channel them into her lifelong passion of helping and inspiring other women to succeed.


Got my wedding ring back from the jeweler today. He did a great job. My Mother gave me some of her really old gold jewelry that she doesn't wear anymore, and I gave it to the jeweler, so it hardly cost any money to get my ring done. I also got to introduce my wife to him, which was extremely cool, since he repaired both of our rings, one before we split up, and one after we got back together.
Pretty ironic ending to the day, the week, and the school year today. Two friends of ours got married tonight and we went to their wedding. We've known them for a long time and have seen them go through a lot of stuff with each other and with their ex's. I couldn't help thinking how nobody there had a clue what was going on with us and how shocked they would be if they knew. It kind of broke my heart to see them celebrating finally tying the knot, while ours was unravelling.
Six months ago today, Ceecee and I threw a Mad Hatter's tea party to renew our vows. It was a beautiful day of laughter and love. There were silly costumes, in-town and out-of-town guests, pictures, and memories that we will treasure for the rest of our lives.
We wrote our own vows, and I didn't know what to write, so I borrowed extensively from the apostle Paul, who penned 1 Corinthians Chapter 13, commonly referred to as "The love chapter." In it, love is defined, not by man's terms, but by the One who created love, and whose idea marriage was and is.
Love is patient – I will not pressure or rush you. I will give you the time you need to be the person you want to be.
Love is kind – I will spend a lifetime showing you my love through acts of kindness. I will never intentionally hurt you.
Love does not envy – I will gladly stand in the shadows while you stand in the spotlight. I will build you up in everything.
Love is not prideful – I will admit when I am wrong and never treat you as though you are inferior. I will not be stubborn with you, but I will truly listen to you with my ears and my heart.
Love is not rude – I will not stoop to talking harshly or being critical of you. I will never disregard you or dismiss you and I will honor you in front of others.
Love is not self seeking – I will not put myself or my needs above yours. I will give you the first and the best of all that I am.
Love keeps no record of wrongs – no matter what either of us has done or has happened in the past, we have started anew and our love will not contain any leftover guilt, resentment, hurt, or any negative part of our past.
I will always protect you, always trust in you, always keep my hopes high, and never give up on us. This love cannot fail. It is forever.
To have and to hold, from this day forward implies, first of all, an end to loneliness. When you commit to marriage, your days of wanting someone to be there for you and to share your life are fulfilled. To have is the part that is just for you. Your longing and hoping for that person who will be your forever love is over, because he or she has become your new reality.
To hold is for both of you. When two people embrace, to hold is also to be held. As you hold your lover, you are likewise held by the one you love. I believe that we are born with an inner longing to have someone to hold, and that the comfort and fulfillment of the simple act of holding and being held may be the most underrated of life's pleasures.
Finally, from this day forward tells us two things. First, it implies that something is changing. Something new is beginning from this day. What has been your life before marriage is no longer your life after you make your vows. It is no longer just you living your life and making your own decisions for yourself. This day you have joined with that person you want to have and to hold.


text:
Elixir Entertainment Company
Elixir Entertainment CompanyElixir Entertainment CompanyElixir Entertainment Company
All Media Alchemy
All Media AlchemyAll Media AlchemyAll Media Alchemy
Narrative Drama in Motion Pictures and Limited Series, Documentary
Founder's Biography
About ELIXIR
Award Winning Productions and Screenplays
Founder's Favorite Production
Elixir's founder, John Kuri, began his career at Disney Studios in art direction, the comedy classic The Apple Dumpling Gang one of his movies. A motion picture director asked John to leave Disney to do the art direction for his new movie, The Red Pony, starring Henry Fonda and Maureen O'Hara, with legendary actors Ben Johnson and Jack El
Elixir's founder, John Kuri, began his career at Disney Studios in art direction, the comedy classic The Apple Dumpling Gang one of his movies. A motion picture director asked John to leave Disney to do the art direction for his new movie, The Red Pony, starring Henry Fonda and Maureen O'Hara, with legendary actors Ben Johnson and Jack Elam featured. An irresistible offer with the result being
John's first major award.
And so his Hollywood production career led him to many films, states, countries for research and production, then to form Elixir Entertainment.
Along the journey John began writing. He has four novels and numerous articles published, as well is credited with a number of produced screenplays and IMDB lists over 140 movie or television credits of his: https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002238/
Among many titles in his filmography, John Kuri - having produced three movies for Ron Howard, was brought on to produce Conagher for Imagine Entertainment. The movie stars Sam Elliott and Katharine Ross. When the film released on TNT, July 1, 1991, it became the highest rated cable movie in history, holding that ranking for several years
Among many titles in his filmography, John Kuri - having produced three movies for Ron Howard, was brought on to produce Conagher for Imagine Entertainment. The movie stars Sam Elliott and Katharine Ross. When the film released on TNT, July 1, 1991, it became the highest rated cable movie in history, holding that ranking for several years. The movie was shot in southeastern Colorado and features legendary actors Ken Curtis, Dub Taylor, James Gammon, Barry Corbin and Billy Green Bush. As the producers John and Sam were awarded the Bronze Wrangler by The Cowboy Hall of Fame. As the film's star Sam Elliott was nominated for a Golden Globe, and the Sound Editing team were nominated for the Emmy®.
TV Episodic Drama
In partnership with Karate Kid Oscar® nominated star
Pat Morita, John created the Warner Brothers Television / ABC drama series OHARA.
The show ran in prime time for two seasons.
Pat, who starred in Captive Hearts, an MGM feature film written by John & Pat and produced by John, asked John to develop a drama series idea since ABC had give
Pat, who starred in Captive Hearts, an MGM feature film written by John & Pat and produced by John, asked John to develop a drama series idea since ABC had given a green-light to Brian Grazer and Warner Bros TV for an unspecified one-hour series to star Pat.
While Karate Kid II was filming in Hawaii John wrote a concept / treatment titled OHARA. When Pat heard the premise then read the treatment he loved it, so a meeting was called by Brian Grazer with Warner Bros TV president, Alan Shayne, and ABC. John presented the project in Pat's absence and the series was born.
Appearing with Pat were Catherine Keener, Miguel Ferrer and Rachel Ticotin.
Elixir Entertainment's projects have received festival laurels including:
Directors Circle
Festival of Shorts
Ciudad de Mexico International Film Festival
NYC International Screenplay Awards
LA International Screenplay Awards
SCREENCRAFT
Shore Scripts
Screenplay Competition.
Oaxaca International
Recent Productions
Movies, Series, Documentary, Shorts, Music Performances
Exciting Bio Pic in Development
This documentary short presents a glimpse of Dr. S. Allen Counter whose life story is the subject of Elixir's enCounter: north, a drama in development.
The narrative drama: Seen through Dr. Counter's eyes as he makes a discovery propelling him to relive the Admiral Robert Peary/Matthew Henson exploration that conquered the North Pole in April 1909.
"HoopDream Team" Pilot
Two basketball legends, NBA star Jerome Kersey and UCLA All-American Anita Ortega participate in a Hollywood casting call with local teens trying out for a part in a movie about teens like them.
The movie in development is based on John Kuri's novel Takin' It Back. The book is cover endorsed by NBA great Shaquille O'Neal.
CONAGHER
Considered by many as the coolest western movie,
this is the original trailer. The film debuted as the highest rated movie in cable TV history.
"Conagher," adapted from the book of the same name by Louis L'Amour, stars Sam Elliott, Katharine Ross, Ken Curtis, Barry Corbin, Billy Green Bush, James Gammon, with Dub Taylor and Buck Taylor.
This was completion of a circle for John Kuri as the film's producer since 39 years earlier he got the sting for the old west
on the set of Shane in Jackson Hole, WY as his dad, Emile Kuri, designed the sets for the George Stevens' classic.
Intro and scenes from Disney's ONE MORE MOUNTAIN
Adapted from John Kuri's published story the movie was produced for Disney by John. Starring Meredith Baxter and Chris Cooper.
One More Mountain was produced in Calgary, the Canadian Rockies, and the northern Great Plains. Oxen were imported from Nova Scotia in the effort for authenticity in this tale of the Donner Party. John also directed 2nd unit.
John was the 1994 recipient of the Christopher Award "affirming the highest values of the human spirit".
The Making of MGM's "Captive Hearts"
A look inside the production of the movie in the Laurentian Mountains of Southern Quebec, Canada.
The WWII drama stars Pat Morita, Chris Makepeace, Michael Sarrazin and introduced Mari Sato. It was produced by John Kuri who also directed 2nd unit. The screenplay was written by Pat Morita and John.
The Oceans and Our Natural Systems
In this short directed and edited by John Kuri, Oceanographer, National Geographic Explorer in Residence, Former Chief Scientist for the National Oceanic Atmospheric Association, and TIME Magazine's first "Hero of the Planet" comments on the natural system of nature and the oceans, speaks about the critical nature of the oceans and points out how much of the world is blue, saying,
"We should think of the planet as blue since so much of it is water. Therefore, we must protect the oceans. That is where life begins."
John Hammond at The Great American Music Hall, San Francisco
Grammy® winner, American blues artist, winner of numerous W.C. Handy Awards, the legendary John Hammond with his band of blues masters including Charlie Musselwhite as they perform Tom Waits' originals before a sold-out standing room only crowd at the Great American Music Hall. Directed and Edited by John Kuri.
Dr. Roy Godson presents The Culture of Lawfulness Project
Georgetown University Professor of International Government, Emeritus, Roy Godson, Ph.D. introduces the project and presents coverage of some of the conferences held in the Middle East and Persian Gulf by the NSIC and participating governments.
Supported in part by the U.S. Dept. of State, the report from Paula J. Dobriansky, Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs, confirms the positive results of this NSIC project. It is available at:
https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/rls/rm/2004/37196.htm.
John Kuri was a Senior Fellow with the NSIC, 2006 through 2012. He was a speaker at several conferences in the MENA region, Colombia and Mexico. John directed and edited this documentary short, as well he shot the Abu Dhabi footage while participating in the conference.
Mongolia Concert: Part 1 & 2
13th century music and dance comes to the Lincoln Center Festival from the far side of the world as a troupe of nine artists from Mongolia perform traditional music and dance. In addition, the storyteller and musician Burenbayar gives the first known performance in North America of the 13th-century national epic, The Secret History of the Mongols, which recounts the life story of Genghis Khan. This is considered the founding work of Mongolian literature.
The performance was recorded at Lincoln Center by Elixir Entertainment. The video production of this North American premiere was directed, shot and edited by John Kuri. This group of remarkable Mongolian artists was brought to America by the Asia Society.
LA Sheriff's Recruitment Spot
:30 spot directed and edited by John Kuri for the LA Sheriff's Dept. featuring Ron Howard.
Elixir and Friends Live - Levitt Pavilion Pasadena
John Kuri and his sextet plus guest artist Bassam Saba, a virtuoso on the ancient Oud and Ney and member of Yo-Yo Ma's Silk Road ensemble are joined by vocalists Carolina Dos Santos Shorter and Michele Tasoff. This playlist has 8 tunes from the live concert.
REPORT TO THE COMMISSIONER
John Kuri designed the sets with Robert Clatworthy for this gem from 1975 directed by Milton Katselas.
Report to the Commissioner, a textured police procedural examining changing social mores and the generalized internal corruptions within the NYPD, resulting in tragic circumstances thanks to the sincere ignorance of its protagonist played by Michael Moriarty. Also starring Yaphet Kotto, Susan Blakely,
Héctor Elizondo, Tony King, and the movie introduced Richard Gere.
John spent many days and long nights in NYC experiencing the underground club life, police precincts, the Tombs, Bellevue's Prison Psychiatric Ward, then recreating the look and feel of the 70's Manhattan at Warner Bros. Studio and downtown LA.
AT WORK IN HOLLYWOOD
ON LOCATION AT DOVER DOWNS NASCAR "MONSTER MILE"
Contact Elixir
pr@elixirentertainment.info • 1-424-443-9312
Copyright © 2023 Elixir Entertainment Company - All Rights Reserved.


text:
Our Authors | Tom Shakespeare
Tom Shakespeare is a sociologist and ethicist who currently works at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, where he leads teams researching disability and mental health in Africa and Asia. He has also worked at the World Health Organisation, and served on the Nuffield Council on Bioethics.
Tom has presented Front Row, A Point of View, The Essay and documentaries on BBC Radio Three and BBC Radio Four. He has written for publications including The Guardian and The Lancet. Tom graduated with distinction from the MA in Creative Writing at Newcastle University. He has been a stand-up comedian, an actor, a dancer, and an artist, and has served on Arts Council England.
Tom has two grown-up children, a part-time dog, and a penchant for crumpets. He has lived in Cambridge, Newcastle, Geneva, Norwich and now London.


Rating: 7.41/10 based on 17 votes cast.
Something has gone very wrong with the Irish diet, the consumption of sugar has tripled over the last 100 years and it seems to be everywhere. Unless something dramatic is done the children of today may be the first generation in centuries to have shorter life expectancies than their parents.
When consumed in excess it can cause liver damage, hearth attacks, strokes, kidney disease, blindness, amputation and depression, but unfortunately the politics behind sugar are the same as those behind tobacco. 35 years ago we had children's cartoons aimed at getting children to start smoking and the same it seems can be said for the sugar industry of today. In 50 years time will we look back in horror as we do today with regards to cigarettes?
In this Irish documentary released by RTÉ, Dr Eva Orsmond takes a closer investigative look into the issues surrounding the consumption sugar.


text:
Home Insights Lee Gets Opposing Counsel Disqualified in NFL Player's Contract Suit
Lee Gets Opposing Counsel Disqualified in NFL Player's Contract Suit
21 January 2021 Law360 News
Of Counsel Andy Lee has persuaded a California federal judge to disqualify the opposing counsel for an NFL player who is suing his former agent for allegedly failing to alleviate NFL teams' concerns over a knee injury the player suffered in high school.
Lee, who represents NFL player agency Sportstars Inc. and agent Ronald Slavin II, had argued that Peter R. Ginsberg, the lawyer representing player J.R. Reed in a $1 million malpractice suit against Sportstars and Slavin, has knowledge of the agency's inner workings after representing it in a variety of matters over the years.
In a Jan. 13 order, U.S. District Judge Michael W. Fitzgerald ruled that Ginsberg and his firm, Michelman & Robinson, cannot represent Reed because Ginsberg had represented Sportstars in the negotiation of Slavin's employment contract, in arbitration before the NFL Players Association on issues similar to the ones in Reed's case, and in drafting an addendum to the standard representation contract the agency uses with clients such as Reed. The judge also said the complaint in the case appears to include information that Ginsberg had access to only because of his work regarding Slavin's employment contract.
While Ginsberg had argued that Slavin's agreement isn't important to the case and could be excluded at trial, the judge said it was "critical" to the issues in the case because it defines the relationship between Slavin and Sportstars.
Lee, a member of and special advisor to the firm's Sports & Entertainment Industry Team, told Law360 that the case should never have been filed, saying it was based on "fanciful theories" stemming from Ginsberg's prior representation of the agency, not on facts or the law.
"I have known the guys at Sportstars for more than a decade, since my time as general counsel of the New York Jets, and I'm confident that, consistent with their stellar reputations, they always have and always will make it their top priority to protect their clients' best interests," he said. "In my opinion, the case was Mr. Ginsberg's misguided effort to shake down his own former client under the threat of costly federal litigation. Now that the threshold issue of his involvement has been dealt with, we look forward to a prompt resolution of the case in Sportstars' favor."
Andrew L. Lee
AndyLee@foley.com


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Ledger Stax Firmware Newest
June 18, 2022 by local
Ledger Stax Review – Everything You Should Know
If you are interested in purchasing the Ledger Stax to meet your requirements There are some things you should know before you purchase. We'll explain all you need to knowabout the device, including how to receive an offer code, and the features that are offered on this gadget.
Ledger Stax is a physical wallet that is designed to assist users in managing the digital accounts they have. It is a credit card-shaped device that's slightly different from earlier versions of the Ledger hardware wallets. The new model comes with the curved E Ink screen, a magnet system, Bluetooth connectivity, and a lock screen.
The Ledger Stax supports more than 5000 cryptocurrencies, including Litecoin, Dogecoin, Ripple and Cardano. The device also has NFT (Non-fungible token) support. These are specialized coins that can be kept and traded with Ledger Stax.
The Ledger Stax's security features are backed by a Secure Element chip. This is the same chip found in credit cards and passports. The Secure Element chip makes sure you that the crypto currency is protected from thieves.
The Ledger Stax is equipped with Bluetooth that allows it to connect directly to Ledger Live Mobile app. Users can also use its wireless Qi charging feature.
Additionally it is worth noting that the Ledger Stax has magnetic systems that allows it to be put together with other similar devices. It also supports offline mode, meaning that the device is active even when turned off.
Ledger Stax is a brand new hardware wallet that was designed to help you manage the digital asset you have. The device offers an unparalleled degree of customisation and features a curvaced touchscreen and safe elements. It is fully compatible with Mac, Windows, and Ubuntu and can support more than 500 cryptocurrency.
Ledger Stax comes with Bluetooth 5.2 and USB-C ports and a 200 mah battery. The device also comes with embedded magnets that allow you to stack multiple Stax gadgets together.
A crypto wallet, the Ledger Stax lets you securely store the keys to your cryptocurrency. It is also possible to use it as a cold storage device, so it's less susceptible to hacking attempts.
The device features a proprietary OS that lets you modify it to meet your requirements. It is also possible to set the image or name you want for the screen that locks. In addition, Ledger Stax is equipped with an efficient Bluetooth antenna.
Ledger Stax Ledger Stax is built to be compliant with the most stringent security standards in the industry. It has the Secure Element chip, which is certified to CC EAL5+ specifications. It also has the capability of clear signing, which allows users to verify transaction details and minimize the risk of phishing attacks.
Ledger Stax is the latest hardware crypto wallet developed by French startup Ledger. It features a sleek and modern design, complete isolation of keys, and the ability to store up to 5500 tokens.
The device sports the capability of a touch screen as well as an E-Ink display which can support up to 500 different cryptocurrencies. The battery is also included that lasts from several weeks or months. It can be connected to your laptop or smartphone via Bluetooth.
To enhance the user experience, Ledger has designed a customizable lock screen. In addition it has magnets that are able to bind several devices together. This makes it easier to transport around.
In order to guarantee the security of its customers, Ledger uses a secure architecture and a secure chip known as the Secure Element. This provides institutional grade security for digital assets.
The Ledger's most notable feature is its clear signing. It allows users to verify the transaction's details without compromising their privacy. In turn, it will help you stay away from scams and attacks of phishing.
Ledger is also equipped with a unique feature that lets you view NFTs on the device. For instance, you could look up a QR code a label, or any image.
Ledger Stax is the Ledger Stax is the latest hardware wallet made by the company behind the venerable Ledger Nano S and Nano X. These devices are great for long-term investments, and are also very convenient to transport around.
They're extremely secure and will protect your personal key. They also come with unique security features such as an offline mode. If you're not online but you still have access to your cryptos, thanks to the built-in magnet.
The most thrilling aspects of the Ledger Stax is its touchscreen. This curved e-ink display provides the ability to read transactions and view NFT collections. It is also fully compatible with iOS, Windows, and macOS.
This device runs on Bluetooth 5.2 that lets it join to Ledger Live through a phone. It is also possible to set up an access code to allow for faster access. There's a special "Magnet Shell" protection case that is available.
If you live outside within the United States, Ledger products usually will ship for no cost. However, you might need to pay tax on the product depending on the location you live in.
The Ledger Stax is hardware wallet that is designed to combine the physical experience of a device with the convenience of an E-ink display. It's designed to make it simple to store and manage your cryptocurrency.
Ledger Stax is a powerful wallet. Ledger Stax is a powerful wallet that is able to handle more than 500 coins, tokens and NFTs. It is also possible to personalize the display using an image or your preferred NFT. A curved touchscreen display helps you keep an eye on your portfolio of crypto.
The Ledger Stax wallet is also linked directly to Ledger Live platform, which provides you with a simple way to check transaction details as well as to purchase as well as sell currency. A hardware wallet gives you security on-chain, since your private keys won't be available to anyone who is not authorized.
Alongside keeping and managing your cryptocurrency, Ledger Stax can also be used to manage your cryptocurrencies. Ledger Stax software can also be used for managing NFT collections on various blockchains. These include Ethereum and Polygon-based NFTs.
The Ledger Stax is equipped with Bluetooth, which allows you to connect to your smartphone or desktop. It is also possible to use it to cover your screen. For security reasons, it comes with an integrated battery. In the event that the device is not in use, the battery can last up to three months.
The Ledger Stax is a breakthrough consumer gadget. It features a four-inch touchscreen, magnets, as well as an extremely secure design. Compared to its predecessors, the Stax has more security and offers a better user experience. Actually, it's better than other wallets that use hardware!
The Ledger Stax holds more than five hundred cryptocurrencies, including Ethereum and Polygon-based NFTs. It also comes with a 4000mAh battery, a touch-screen interface, and a stylish magnetic docs kit that allows for the highest ability to stack. But, if you're trying to purchase one of the latest wallets, you'll have be patient for a few months.
There's no reason to be worried However, there's no reason to panic. It's true that the Ledger Stax has a long way to go. It's a few years away from becoming available for sale. For now, users will have to buy the Ledger wallet application as well as the Ledger Nano S and Ledger S. Ledger S. You can pre-order the latter two from the website of the manufacturer.
While the Ledger Wallet app is the best option however, there's a better method to set up your new crypto-holding machine. This involves downloading the Ledger Wallet application, installing it on your PC, and then permitting it access to your cryptocurrency holdings.
Ledger Stax is a top-quality hardware wallet developed in collaboration with the former Apple iPod creator Tony Fadell and design firm LAYER. Designed to be easy for users, the wallet has an E-Ink display with a brand new design that offers a clear, easy-to-read interface. It also comes with an angled screen and embedded magnets that make it more durable and practical.
Ledger Stax Ledger Stax supports a wide variety of cryptocurrency, including Litecoin, Dash, Dogecoin, Monero, Ethereum, Binance Coin, BTC, and XRP. It's made to connect to mobile devices using Bluetooth and a USB-C connection.
Apart from being able to store and send various digital assets, the Stax is also designed to protect NFTs, or non-fungible coins (NFTs). Because it keeps private keys offline, it's less vulnerable to attacks by hackers than other crypto wallets.
Users can personalize their lock screens. They can pick a preferred image, set an individual name for the device and track its status when it locks and unlocks. Furthermore the Stax is compatible with Qi wireless charging, allowing users to charge it with any Qi-compatible charger.
The battery life is quite excellent. Ledger Stax's batteries can last for months on one charge, depending on the amount of time you spend using the device.
Ledger Stax is a brand new generation of hardware wallets from Ledger, the company behind Ledger Live, the very first wallet that was digital. It is a combination of the security features of Ledger Live and the ease of using a touchscreen. The new model has a range of features that make it easier to send and receive crypto.
The Ledger Stax's screen is composed of an E-ink-sized credit card display. It offers a clear and natural reading experience, while avoiding the glare of other screens and delivering a higher contrast. In addition, the screen has a curved touchscreen that allows users to look over and sign their transactions with the click of a button.
Ledger Stax Ledger Stax also features a rechargeable lithium-ion battery built in. This allows the device to function for months after a single charge. Additionally it is able to be charged wirelessly, or using the USB-C cable.
For security concerns it is safe to say that the Ledger Stax comes with an element of security that can give an additional level of protection. In addition, the device has been certified to the CC EAL5+ standards. In addition, it is also backed by Bluetooth as well as a safe USB-C port to connect directly to Ledger Live mobile app.
Ledger Stax Ledger Stax vs Nano X vs Nano S Plus. Which one should you choose? These are top-quality hardware cryptocurrency wallets. They are easy to use and include numerous features. They are easy to use and come with a variety of features. Nano X, Nano S Plus and Stax are great options for advanced and novice users alike.
If you're in search of a secure efficient, reliable, and user-friendly device that is reliable, secure and user-friendly, this Ledger Stax will be your right way to take. It was developed in the hands of iPod creator Tony Fadell, and has all the features of Nano X. Nano X, but at an affordable cost. The version with a touchscreen and rechargeable battery that makes it last for longer.
Ledger is a pioneer in the world of cryptocurrency. They've created a selection of hardware wallets and each has a set of specific options to safeguard private keys.
Through the Nano X, you can transfer cryptocurrencies directly to your phone. This is the perfect solution for those who are on the move. It also has Bluetooth support. It is also possible to connect your phone to Nano X via USB C. However, you'll need to turn the device on by pressing a left button for 3 seconds.
If you're looking for a crypto wallet, you'll be glad to learn that Ledger recently introduced their Ledger Stax. The new hardware wallet blends an e-ink-curved screen and magnets to create an extremely reliable, portable device.
Ledger Stax Ledger Stax is a credit card-sized crypto wallet that lets you securely manage and store the digital asset you have. It offers a unique, streamlined design and comes with a variety of other features. Among the features are an e-ink display and NFC capabilities.
Ledger Stax Ledger Stax is built on an aluminum chassis with an rounded edge and soft, concave surface. It also has an integrated magnet that helps to improve the stackability of the device. In addition, it has an Bluetooth(r) antenna as well as an effective Bluetooth(r) battery.
It's compatible with iOS 12 and up and Windows 10 and up. It connects to your smartphone through Bluetooth and a secure USB-C cable.
You can configure your Ledger Stax by pressing a single button. It features the ability to touch E Ink display that creates a clear visual interface. It allows you to alter the lockscreen and view your images.
Ledger Stax can be described as a brand-new hardware crypto wallet with the highest level of security. This new crypto wallet provides users with a user-friendly interface that lets them complete transactions quickly and safely.
The device is equipped with a world-class Secure Element chip. The chip is utilized in passports as well as credit cards, payment systems, and many other critical data.
Another feature that is unique to Ledger Stax's is their E Ink touchscreen. The curved touchscreen is the first of its kind in the field. It comes with Bluetooth connectivity and can be coupled to Ledger Live mobile app. When it isn't in use, the device conceals itself by using magnets.
A key feature of Ledger Stax is the capability to customize your lockscreen. Users can choose their preferred NFT and photo. The users can also sign up for through the Infinity Pass to get their free NFT and utilities.
Ledger Stax is designed to appeal to those who are passionate about their digital assets. They are looking to invest in them and protect them from theft. Although this wallet is more expensive prices than many of its competitors however, it's worth it for serious cryptocurrency investors.
Ledger Stax is the latest hardware wallet by French company Ledger. It is a touchscreen device that features an E Ink feature. It has other interesting features as well.
The Ledger Stax features a curved 3.7 inch touchscreen. This makes it easier to use. Users can also customize the screen. Magnets allow users to connect the device to a phone.
The Ledger Stax is also capable of generating QR codes. It can be used to make cashless payments. It can also be used with mobile devices cord-free.
Ledger Stax Ledger Stax is compatible with iOS 13+ as well as Android 9and up. It is a CC EAL5+ certified chip security system. But, the price is quite high. At $279US, it is more than twice the cost of Nano X. Nano X.
One of the biggest selling features is the touchscreen. The display is made of E Ink that is curvaceous. A further feature that is important is the ability to save NFTs, or non-fungible tokens.
It is compatible with more than 5,000 cryptocurrency, including Ethereum, Polygon, and Nano X. It is also compatible with a suite of DeFi protocols.
Ledger Stax is a new hardware wallet that helps people manage their digital assets. The wallet is designed to resemble it's a credit card, Stax offers an easy way to carry around the crypto wallet and still maintaining security. It comes with a magnetic case, touchscreen display, and a powerful 200 mAh battery it is Stax is small enough to fit comfortably in one's palm.
The device comes with the 3.7 inch E Ink curved touchscreen. The display is perfect to see transactions and read messages. The display also has Bluetooth 5.2 which allows you to connect to your mobile.
The Stax works to work with iOS 10+, Android 9+, and Ubuntu. The user can also alter the lock screen. They can track the lock/unlock status of their device and keep track of the percentage of the battery. The integrated Ledger Live app lets customers to control their investments of more than 500 tokens and cryptocurrencies.
The Ledger Stax features magnetic cases that allows you to stack more than one device on top of it. Like Nano S Plus Nano S Plus, the Stax is specifically designed to be used in the home.
If you've been using the Ledger Nano for some time, it may be time for you to consider the next-generation crypto device Ledger Stax. Ledger Stax. This new model is part of an extensive series of hardware wallets that are widely used in the Crypto market.
The Ledger Nano Stax, like its predecessor it is a device designed for the mobile lifestyle. It's a compact device that is able to handle a wide range of cryptos. The device is able to handle up to 5,500 different tokens, including Polygon NFTs as well as Ethereum NFTs.
One of the biggest selling points for Ledger Stax is its touchscreen. Ledger Stax is the touchscreen. The E Ink2 touchscreen has curvature which makes it much easier to read.
Another significant characteristic in the Ledger Stax is its rechargeable battery. A single charge can keep the device in operation for weeks or months. With Ledger Stax, you'll be able to save your digital assets in an organized and secure way.
The Ledger Stax works to work with iOS 13+ and macOS 12+. It can be connected to your smartphone via Bluetooth or via an USB-C cable.
Ledger Stax is the latest in the crypto hardware wallet market. This sleek, curved touchscreen wallet allows users to securely manage the digital accounts they have. It can handle more than 5,000 tokens and coins and is designed to enhance the user experience.
The wallet can be charged via its Qi wireless charging method. The wallet also comes with an electronic locking system. There's a USB Type C port. A 3.7-inch e-ink display lets you see and sign transactions.
The wallet comes with a built-in Ledger Live application. Users can also use other apps from the third party to broaden their selection. Comparatively with Nano S Plus Nano S Plus, the Ledger Stax has a larger screen, and has more features.
The Stax has a rounded edge chassis and a powerful Bluetooth antenna. In addition, it has an Secure Element chip, the same one used for the Nano X. These elements make the device safer against hackers.
With its big screen and magnet system, Stax has an unmatched interactivity. In contrast to other wallets, it lets you customize the touch screen using images of NFT. You can also create QR codes.
Does it really make sense to buy it?
The Ledger Stax is an anticipated physical wallet which promises a lot. It's designed to increase security, accessibility, and interactivity while maintaining a high-end user experience. If you're considering purchasing one, here are some important things to know.
The first thing to note is that it is equipped with a curved ink touchscreen. This will be the only one of its kind. You can use the device to sign transactions or view NFT collections. Furthermore, it features Bluetooth.
There is also an embedded magnet system that allows you to stack multiple Stax devices. Another great feature is its ability to be charged via Qi wireless charging, the similar technology used in Samsung and Apple.
It also comes with an inbuilt battery that could last for weeks or months. That's a really big deal when it comes to a crypto hardware wallet.
Overall, it's a good device overall. However, there are some drawbacks to it. For starters, it's quite expensive. However, if you're prepared to invest in an electronic wallet, it's worth it.
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