text:
Average Costa Mesa Firefighter Makes Nearly $250,000 Per Year. Why? Pensions.
Edward Ring
by Edward Ring
Does that fact have your attention? Because media consultants insist we preface anything of substance with a hook like this. It even has the virtue of being true! And now, for those with the stomach for it, let's descend into the weeds.
According to payroll and benefit data reported by the City of Costa Mesa to the California State Controller, during 2015 the average full-time firefighter made $240,886. During the same period, the average full-time police officer in Costa Mesa made $201,330. In both cases, that includes the cost, on average, for their regular pay, overtime, "other pay," the city's payment to CalPERS for the city's share, the city's payment to CalPERS of a portion of the employee's share, and the city's payments for the employee's health and dental insurance benefits.
And if you think that's a lot, just wait. Because the payments CalPERS is demanding from Costa Mesa – and presumably every other agency that participates in their pension system – are about to go way up.
We have obtained two innocuous documents recently delivered to the City of Costa Mesa from CalPERS. They are entitled "SAFETY FIRE PLAN OF THE CITY OF COSTA MESA (CalPERS ID: 5937664258), Annual Valuation Report as of June 30, 2015," (click to download) and a similar document "SAFETY POLICE PLAN OF THE CITY OF COSTA MESA (CalPERS ID 5937664258), Annual Valuation Report as of June 30, 2015," (click to download). Buried in the bureaucratic jargon are notices of significant increases to how much Costa Mesa is going to have to pay CalPERS each year. In particular, behold the following two tables that appear on page five of each letter:
Projected Employer Contributions to CalPERS – Costa Mesa Police
Projected Employer Contributions to CalPERS – Costa Mesa Firefighters
In the rarefied air of pension arcana, pension systems can get away with a lot. If you're a glutton for punishment, read these notices from CalPERS in their entirety and see if, anywhere, they bother to explain the big picture. They don't. The big picture is this: For years CalPERS has underestimated how much they are going to pay in pensions and they have overestimated how much their investments will earn, and as a result they are continuously increasing how much cities have to pay them. This notice is just the latest in a predictable cascade of bad news from pension systems to cities and other agencies.
Coming down to earth just a bit, consider the two terms on the above charts, "Normal Cost %" and "UAL $." It would be proper to wonder why they represent one with a percentage and one with actual dollars, but rather than indulge in futile speculation, here are some definitions. "Normal Cost" is how much the city pays (never mind that the city also pays a portion of the employee shares – we'll get to that) into the pension system if it is fully funded. The reason pension systems are NOT fully funded is because, again, year after year, CalPERS underestimated how much they would pay out in pensions to retirees and overestimated how much they would earn. Read this disclaimer that appears on page five of the letters: "The table below shows projected employer contributions…assuming CalPERS earns 7.5 percent every fiscal year thereafter, and assuming that all other actuarial assumptions will be realized…."
And when the "Normal Cost" payments aren't enough, and the system is underfunded, voila, along comes the "UAL $," that bigger catch-up payment that is necessary to restore financial health to the fund. "UAL" refers to "unfunded actuarial liability," the present value of all eventual payments to retirees, and "UAL $" refers to the payments necessary to reduce it to a healthy level. Notice that for firefighters this catch-up payment is set to increase from $4.2M in 2017 to $6.8M in 2022, and for police it is set to increase from $5.8M in 2017 to $10.1M in 2022. This is in a small city that in 2015 employed an estimated 125 full-time police officers and 75 full-time firefighters.
As always, it must be emphasized that the point of all this is not to disparage police or firefighters. No reasonable person fails to appreciate the work they do, or the fact that they stand between us and violence, mayhem, catastrophe and chaos. And it is particularly difficult for those of us who are part of the overwhelming majority of citizens who appreciate and respect members of public safety to have to disclose and publicize the facts of their unaffordable pensions.
The following charts, using data downloaded from the CA State Controller, put these costs into perspective:
Average and Median Employee Compensation by Department
Costa Mesa – Full time employees – 2015
In the above chart, before sorting by department and calculating averages and medians, we eliminated employees who worked as temps or only worked for part of the year. This provides a more accurate estimate of how much full-time workers really make in Costa Mesa. Bear in mind that most part-time employees still receive pension benefits, as will be shown on a subsequent chart. As it is, during 2015 the average full-time police officer in Costa Mesa was paid total wages of $121,636, about 15% of that in overtime. But they then collected another $79,694 in city paid benefits, including $59,337 paid by the city towards their pension, AND another $11,562 that the city paid towards their pension that the State Controller vaguely describes as "Defined Benefit Paid by Employer." Total 2015 police pay: $201,330.
Also on the above chart, one can see that during 2015 the average full-time firefighter in Costa Mesa was paid total wages of $150,227, about 32% of that in overtime. They then collected another $90,659 in city paid benefits, including $72,202 paid by the city toward their pension, and as already noted, another $10,440 that the city paid toward the employee's share of their pension. Total 2015 firefighter pay: $240,886.
To distill this further, the following chart shows, per full-time employee, just how much pensions cost Costa Mesa in 2015 as a percent of regular pay.
Average Employer Pension Payment as % of Regular Pay
Costa Mesa – Full-time employees – 2015
As the above chart demonstrates, employer payments for full-time employee pensions during 2015 already consumed a staggering amount of budget. For police, every dollar of regular pay was matched by 80.5 cents of payments by the city to CalPERS. For firefighters, every dollar of regular pay was matched by a staggering 94.4 cents of payments by the city to CalPERS.
The next chart shows the impact this has on the City of Costa Mesa budget. Depicting total payroll amounts by department, it compares the same variables, total employer pension payments as a percent of total regular pay. As can be seen, the percentages are nearly the same, despite this being for the entire workforce including temporary and part-time employees, some who may not have pension benefits (most do), and many who do not receive top tier pension formulas which the overwhelming majority of full-time public safety employees still receive. As can be seen, for every dollar of regular police pay, CalPERS gets 75 cents from the city, and for every dollar of firefighter pay, CalPERS gets 92 cents from the city.
Total Employer Pension Payment as % of Regular Pay
Costa Mesa – All active employees; full, part-time and temp – 2015
At this point, the impact of CalPERS stated rate increases can be fully appreciated. And because this article, already at nearly 1,000 words, has violated every rule of 21st century social media engagement protocols – keep it short, shallow, simple, and sensational – perhaps the next paragraph should be entirely written in bold so it is less likely to be lost in the haze of verbosity. Perhaps a meme is in here somewhere. Perhaps an inflammatory graphic that shall animate the populace. Meanwhile, here goes:
Once CalPERS's announced increases to the "unfunded payment" are fully implemented, instead of paying $10.9M per year for police pensions, Costa Mesa will pay $15.2M per year, i.e., for every dollar in regular police pay, they will pay $1.04 toward police pensions. Similarly, instead of paying CalPERS $6.4M per year for firefighter pensions, Costa Mesa will pay $9.1M per year, i.e., for every dollar in regular firefighter pay, they will pay $1.30 towards firefighter pensions.
So just how much do Costa Mesa's retired police and firefighters collect in pensions? Repeatedly characterized by government union officials as "modest," shall we report and you decide? The following table, using data originally sourced from CalPERS and downloaded from Transparent California, are the pensions earned by Costa Mesa retirees in 2015. Excluded from this list in order to present a more representative profile are all pre-2000 retirees, since retirement pensions were greatly enhanced after the turn of the century, and it is those more recent pensions, not the earlier ones, that are causing the financial havoc. Also excluded because the benefit amounts are not representative and the retirement years are not disclosed, are all "beneficiary" pensions, which survivors receive.
Average Pensions by Years of Service
Costa Mesa retirees – 2015
While these averages are impressive – work 30 years and you get a six-figure pension – they grossly understate what Costa Mesa public safety retirees actually get. There are at least four reasons for this: (1) The data provided doesn't screen for part-time workers. Many retirees may have put in decades of service with the city, but only worked, for example, 20-hour weeks. They would still accrue a pension, but it would not be nearly as much as it would be if they'd worked full time. (2) Nearly all full-time employees are also granted "other post-employment benefits," primarily health insurance. It is reasonable to assume that for public safety retirees, the value of these other post employment benefits is at least $10,000 per year. (3) Because CalPERS did not disclose what department retirees worked in during their active careers, this data set is for all of Costa Mesa's retirees. That means it includes miscellaneous employees who receive pensions that are, while very generous, are not nearly as good as the pensions that public safety retirees receive. (4) While recent reforms have begun to curb this practice, it has been common at least through 2014 for retirees to purchase "air time," wherein for a ridiculously low sum they are permitted to claim more years of service than they actually worked. It is common for retirees, for example, to purchase five years of air time, so when their pension benefit is initially calculated, instead of multiplying, for example, 20 years of service times a 3.0% multiplier times their final salary, they are permitted to claim 25 years of service.
All of this, of course, is dense gobbledygook to the average millennial Facebook denizen, or, for that matter, to the average politician. To be fair, it's hard even for the financial professionals hired by the public employee unions to acknowledge that maybe 7.5% (or even 6.5%) annual investment returns will not continue for funds as big as CalPERS, or that history is no indicator of future performance. And even if they know this, they're under tremendous pressure to keep silent. So the normal contribution remains too low, and the catch-up payments mushroom.
Finally, to be eminently fair, we must acknowledge that since modest bungalows on lots so small you have to choose between a swing set or a trampoline for the kids are now going for about a million bucks each in most of Orange County, making a quarter million per year ain't what it used to be. But there's the rub. Because until the people who work for the government are subject to the same economic challenges as the citizens they serve, it is very unlikely we'll see any pressure to lower the cost of living. Everything – land, energy, transportation, water, materials, etc. – costs far more than it should, thanks to deliberate political policies and financial mismanagement that creates artificial scarcity. But hey – artificial scarcity inflates asset bubbles, which helps keep those pension funds marginally solvent.
Cost-of-living reform, if such a thing can be characterized, must accompany pension reform. What virulent meme might encapsulate all of this complexity?
Ed Ring is the president of the California Policy Center.


This week we will describe the various elements which underline health insurance within the United States. For example, third party payment structures and risk pooling, to name a few. This week we will focus some time on the Affordable Care Act (ACA) which is a very complex piece of legislation. Special attention will be made on provisions of the ACA that impact insurance markets, financing, healthcare costs, and payment models.
Welcome to, I thought We Were Done With This.
In this module, we will focus on the role of insurance in US health care.
and describe its impact on the insurance industry.
Keep listening and discover as we briefly explain each of these points.
such as third party payment structures and risk pooling.
took care of all those problems."
The answer is, unfortunately yes, but no.
cost and trends is less aggressive.
including risk pooling and benefit design.
We will review provisions of the ACA that impact insurance markets and financing.
the ACA that address health care cost and payment models.
access to and regulating insurance for healthcare.
called "The Bitter Pill" that was published in Time Magazine back in 2013.
why are healthcare costs so high?
to use his own words.
Again, we are encouraged to follow the money.


text:
\section{FFT-based algorithm}
In this experiment, Alice and Bob send bright continuous-wave light to Charlie during the R-frame, who will then broadcast the detection result including which detector clicks and the arrival time. We estimate the frequency and phase of the interference pattern in the post-processing procedure based on these detection results. The estimation problem can be modeled as following. Supposing that the frequency difference of the two independent laser source of Alice and Bob is $\nu$, and the initial phase difference at time $t=t_0$ is $\phi_{0}$, The detection probabilities of the two detector are:
\begin{equation}
\left\{
\begin{aligned}
&P_{0}(t)=\dfrac{1+\cos{\Phi(t)}}{2}\\
&P_{1}(t)=\dfrac{1-\cos{\Phi(t)}}{2}\\
\end{aligned}
\right.
\quad,\quad\\
\end{equation}
where $ \Phi(t)=2\pi \nu (t-t_0)+\phi_{0} $. To recover $ \Phi(t) $ using the detections of two detectors, we defined $P(t)=P_{0}(t)-P_{1}(t)=\cos{\Phi(t)}$. The value of $ i $-th detection event $ x_i $ is assigned to +1 (-1) if D$ _0 $ (D$ _1 $) clicks. And the value of the $ j $-th bin $ X_j=\sum x  $ for all the events in the bin. And we perform the FFT algorithm on the sparse signal $X_j$. From the spectrum, we select the frequency component with the largest amplitude as the estimate of $\hat{\nu}$ and its phase in the spectrum as the estimate of $\hat{\phi}_0$. We set the bin width to 100 ps in the experiment.

Due to the sparsity of $X_j$, the signal to noise ratio is often limited. And the frequency resolution of the spectrum is limited by the time duration of the sample. As a consequence, when there are enough detection events within the R-frame, the precision of the estimated frequency is mainly affected by the resolution of the spectrum. In this case, further intensifying the reference light to increase effective number of detection is no longer beneficial. Another possible way to reduce the frequency estimation error is to combine a number of neighboring R-frames for a single frequency estimation. However, this method is not always useful as the estimation error of $\Phi(t)$ will accumulate with time under a fixed estimation error of $\hat{\nu}$, thus increasing the interference error rate with more R-frame used.

We enhance the spectral resolution by padding $X_n$ with trailing zeros to a suitable length. Fig.~\ref{fig:FFT_comparison} shows the comparison of the frequency estimation results using the FFT algorithm \emph{with} and \emph{without} padding zeros. By improving the resolution from about 0.1 MHz to 0.01 MHz, the full width at half maximum of the frequency distribution decreases from 0.13 MHz to 0.02 MHz. It is clear that padding zeros greatly narrows the distribution of the frequency estimation and decreases frequency deviation. This in turn verifies that the frequency estimation precision is mainly limited by the frequency resolution of the algorithm instead of our system. Besides, in our experimental implementation, we utilize two neighboring R-frames to obtain one estimate of the differential phase of the R-frame. This doubles the available photon events for the estimation while contributing little to the error accumulation effect, which reduce the error rate with relatively low count rate at longer distance. The improved algorithm can recover the spectrum with higher frequency resolution and higher signal-to-noise ratio. As a result, the interference error rate improves from 27.22\% to 3.89\%.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{FFT_comparison.pdf}
	\caption{The histogram of frequency estimation results using FFT algorithm with/without padding zeros. The results are based on a beat frequency of 80 MHz. The solid lines represent the corresponding Gaussian fit of the two histograms.}
	\label{fig:FFT_comparison}
\end{figure}

\section{Interference error rate calculation}
Here we present the theoretical model for the calculation of the interference error rate introduced by the phase fluctuation. The emitted laser electric field undergoing phase fluctuations at Alice's (Bob's) side can be written as:
\begin{equation}
\label{P2p}
\begin{aligned}
E_{\mathrm{A(B)}}(t)&=E_0 \exp{\left\{i\Phi_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)\right\}},
\\
\Phi_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)& = 2\pi\left<\nu_{A(B)}\right> t+\phi_\mathrm{A(B)}(t),
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
where $\Phi_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)$ and $\left<\nu_\mathrm{A(B)}\right>$ are the phase and the average frequency of the laser, $\phi_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)$ is a stochastic process representing the phase noise of the laser.

After transmitting through the fiber, the fluctuation of the fiber length and refractive index changes the optical distance, and therefore changes the phase of the light field. Note that the light right before interference at time $t$ is emitted at time $t-L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)/c$, where $L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)$ is the optical distance through which the photon arriving at time $t$ passes and $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. We assume $L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)$ to be a Gaussian stationary process. The phase change of the laser is the integral of frequency within the time $\tau$:
\begin{equation}
\label{model}
\begin{aligned}
&\Phi_\mathrm{A(B)}(t+\tau)-\Phi_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)
\\
=&\int_{t-L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)/c}^{t+\tau-L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t+\tau)/c} 2\pi\nu_\mathrm{A(B)}(t^{\prime}) \mathrm{d} t^{\prime}
\\
=&\int_{t-L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)/c}^{t+\tau-L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t+\tau)/c} 2\pi\delta\nu_\mathrm{A(B)}(t^{\prime}) \mathrm{d} t^{\prime} +2\pi\left<\nu_\mathrm{A(B)}\right>\cdot(\tau-\frac{L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t+\tau)-L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)}{c}),
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
where $ \delta\nu_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)=\nu_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)-\left<\nu_\mathrm{A(B)}\right> $. It is the result of treating the frequency modulation noise $\delta\nu_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)$ as the source of the phase noise. By substituting Equation~\ref{P2p} into above equation, we can get phase fluctuation at one side:
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
\Delta\phi_\mathrm{A(B)}(\tau)=&\phi_\mathrm{A(B)}(t+\tau)-\phi_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)
\\
=&\int_{t-L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)/c}^{t+\tau-L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t+\tau)/c} 2\pi \delta\nu_\mathrm{A(B)}(t^\prime) d t^\prime-\frac{L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t+\tau)-L_\mathrm{A(B)}(t)}{c}\cdot 2\pi\left<\nu_\mathrm{A(B)}\right>.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

By using the Wiener–Khinchin theorem and the Gaussian stationary assumptions, its second order moment has the following form:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:phase_error}
\begin{aligned}
&\left<\Delta\phi_\mathrm{A(B)}^2(\tau)\right>
\\
=&4\pi^2\tau^2 \int_{0}^{\infty} S_{\delta \nu_\mathrm{A(B)}}(f)\operatorname{sinc}^2(\pi f \tau) \mathrm{d}f
\\
+&4\pi^2\nu_0^2 \sigma_{L_\mathrm{A(B)}}^2(\tau)
\\
+&2\int_{0}^{\infty}
S_{\delta \nu_\mathrm{A(B)}}(f) \left[1-\exp{\left(-2\pi^2\sigma_{L_\mathrm{A(B)}}^2(\tau)f^{2}\right)}\right]
\frac{\cos{\left(2\pi f \tau\right)}}{f^{2}}
\mathrm{d}f.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

In the following, we omit the subscript to represent the difference of two sides. Since the noise of Alice's side and Bob's side are identical and independent, so the variance of phase fluctuation at time $t+\tau$ can be calculated:
\begin{equation}
\left<\Delta\phi^2(\tau)\right>
:=\left<\left(\phi(t+\tau)-\phi(t)\right)^2\right>
=\left<\Delta\phi_\mathrm{A}^2(\tau)\right> + \left<\Delta\phi_\mathrm{B}^2(\tau)\right>
\end{equation}

In the experiment, we need the R-frame with time interval $\mathcal{R}=[-T_\mathrm{R}-T_\mathrm{Q}/2, -T_\mathrm{Q}/2]\cup[T_\mathrm{Q}/2, T_\mathrm{Q}/2+T_\mathrm{R}]$ to estimate $\hat{\phi}$, and predict the relative phase in the Q-frame $\mathcal{Q}=[-T_\mathrm{Q}/2,T_\mathrm{Q}/2]$. The estimation process can be modeled as the following least square optimization problem assuming the estimate of frequency difference is accurate $\hat{\nu}=\left<\nu\right>$:
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
&\frac{1}{2T_\mathrm{R}}\int_\mathcal{R} \left[\hat{\phi}-\phi(t)\right]^2 \mathrm{d}t
\\
=&\frac{1}{2T_\mathrm{R}}\int_\mathcal{R} \left[\left(\phi(t)-\frac{1}{2T_\mathrm{R}}\int_\mathcal{R} \phi(t^\prime) \mathrm{d} t^\prime\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2T_\mathrm{R}}\int_\mathcal{R} \phi(t^\prime) \mathrm{d} t^\prime-\hat{\phi}\right)\right]^2 \mathrm{d}t
\\
=&\overline{\Delta \phi^2}+\left(\bar{\phi}-\hat{\phi}\right)^2
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
where $\overline{\Delta \phi^2}=\frac{1}{2T_\mathrm{R}}\int_\mathcal{R} \left(\phi(t^\prime)-\bar{\phi}\right)^2 \mathrm{d} t^\prime$ is the time variance over R-frame. Note that this is different from the ensemble average $\left<\Delta \phi^2\right>$. To minimize the above formula, $\hat{\phi}$ takes the following value.
\begin{equation}
\hat{\phi}=\bar{\phi}=\frac{1}{2T_\mathrm{R}}\int_\mathcal{R} \phi(t^\prime) \mathrm{d} t^\prime
\end{equation}

The phase fluctuation in the quantum frame (at time $t\in\mathcal{Q}$) is derived as follow:
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
\left< \left( \phi(t)-\hat{\phi}\right)^2\right>
=&\frac{1}{(2T_\mathrm{R})}
\int_0^T  \left[ \left< \Delta\phi^2(t^\prime+T_\mathrm{Q}/2+t)\right>+\left< \Delta\phi^2(t^\prime+T_\mathrm{Q}/2-t)\right>\right]\mathrm{d}t^\prime
\\
-&\frac{1}{(2T_\mathrm{R})^2}
\int_0^T  \left[  \left< \Delta\phi^2(T_\mathrm{Q}+t^\prime)\right>+\left< \Delta\phi^2(T_\mathrm{Q}+2T_\mathrm{R}-t^\prime)\right>+2\left< \Delta\phi^2(T_\mathrm{R}-t^\prime)\right>  \right]  t^\prime \mathrm{d}t^\prime
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

To this end, we have obtained the phase fluctuation after the estimation of the phase reference. And we can prove that by using neighboring R-frames, better estimation can be obtained. The next step is to transform the phase fluctuation to the interference error rate. The instantaneous interference error rate at time $t\in\mathcal{Q}$ is
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
ER_{ins}(t)=\frac{M}{4\pi}\int_{\hat{\phi}=-\frac{2\pi}{M}}^{\frac{2\pi}{M}}
\int_{\phi=-\infty}^{\infty}
\mathrm{sin}^2\left(\frac{\phi}{2}\right)\cdot \rho(\hat{\phi}-\phi;t)
\mathrm{d} \phi
\mathrm{d} \hat{\phi}
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
where $\rho(\hat{\phi}-\phi;t)$ is the Gaussian probability distribution function of the phase fluctuation.
\begin{equation}
\rho(\hat{\phi}-\phi;t)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\left< \left( \phi(t)-\hat{\phi}\right)^2\right>}}\cdot \exp{\left[-\dfrac{ (\hat{\phi}-\phi)^2}{2\left< \left( \phi(t)-\hat{\phi}\right)^2\right>}\right]}
\end{equation}

Finally, we can obtain the average interference error rate over the Q-frame $\mathcal{Q}=[-T_\mathrm{Q}/2,T_\mathrm{Q}/2]$:
\begin{equation}
ER(\mathcal{Q})=\frac{1}{T_\mathrm{Q}}\int_\mathcal{Q}
\frac{M}{4\pi}\int_{\hat{\phi}=-\frac{2\pi}{M}}^{\frac{2\pi}{M}}
\int_{\phi=-\infty}^{\infty}
\mathrm{sin}^2\left(\frac{\phi}{2}\right)\cdot \rho(\hat{\phi}-\phi;t)
\mathrm{d} \phi
\mathrm{d} \hat{\phi}
\mathrm{d} t
\end{equation}

\section{Laser phase noise characterization}
We adopt the delayed self-heterodyne technique~\cite{camatel2008narrow} to measure the laser's phase noise. The setup is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:pn_laser_setup}. The advantage of this method is that no lengthy fiber (longer than the coherence length of the tested laser) is needed. We use an acoustic optic modulator driven by a 80-MHz sinusoidal signal as the frequency shifter. And the fiber length mismatch is chosen to be 16 m. Therefore a 80-ns delay is introduced, which is enough to ensure that the measured phase noise is mainly contributed by the laser.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{pn_laser_setup.pdf}
	\caption{The phase noise measurement setup for lasers. AOM, acoustic optic modulator; PD, photodiode with a trans-impedance amplifier; SSA, signal source analyzer.}
	\label{fig:pn_laser_setup}
\end{figure}

The measurement is performed on a Keysight E5052B signal source analyzer. The numbers of correlation and trace average are both set to 10. The measured results are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:pn_laser_result}. The phase noise power spectral density (PSD) of the laser $ S_{\phi, \mathrm{LD}}(f) $ is related to measured PSD by the following equation:
\begin{equation}
S_{\phi, \mathrm{LD}}(f)=S_{\phi}(f) \cdot \frac{1}{4 \sin ^2(\pi f \tau)}
\end{equation}
The PSDs of the lasers are also plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig:pn_laser_result}. The PSD of the lasers have a -20 dB/decade slope, indicating that the white frequency noise is the noise source. Therefore, the linewidth of the laser can be simply calculated as $ \delta \nu=\pi h_{\mathrm{w}} $. $ h_{\mathrm{w}} $ is the amplitude of the white frequency noise. The linewidth of Alice's and Bob's lasers are 5.9 and 2.4 kHz respectively.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{pn_laser_result.pdf}
	\caption{The phase noise PSD for lasers. The PSD is calculated from the measured PSD using the setup in Fig.~\ref{fig:pn_laser_setup}. The white frequency noise PSD is used to fit the data in the frequency range of 100 kHz to 10 MHz.}
	\label{fig:pn_laser_result}
\end{figure}
\section{Fiber phase noise characterization}
Also, we characterize the phase noise of the fiber channel using the setup as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:pn_laser_setup}. The light source is a fiber laser with a narrow linewidth $ < $100 Hz. This ensure that the measured phase noise is mainly contributed by the fiber spools. The measured PSDs are plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig:pn_fiber_result}. The noise below 100 kHz is significantly larger than the one without fiber spools. The noise is mainly contributed by the mechanical vibration of the fibers. As we tap the spool, we observe the noise level below the frequency range of 100 kHz bouncing up and down. However as the total distance increases from 202 km to 380 km. The increase of the noise is minor. This phenomenon can also be observed in the measurement of the interference error rate, as we show in the next section.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{pn_fiber_setup.pdf}
	\caption{The phase noise measurement setup for fiber spools. The setup is similar to the one for characterizing laser source, except that lengthy fiber spools are inserted in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.}
	\label{fig:pn_fiber_setup}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{pn_fiber_result.pdf}
	\caption{The phase noise results for fiber spools.}
	\label{fig:pn_fiber_result}
\end{figure}

\section{Interference error rate characterization}
In order to analyze the sources of the interference error rate reported in the Main Text and validate our theoretical analysis, we perform series of tests under different conditions.

First, we use a self-heterodyne setup as in Fig.~\ref{fig:onelaser} to characterize the error introduced by our fast-Fourier-transform-based algorithm as the phase fluctuations contributed by the source and the fiber channel are negligible in this case. Using the no-phase-locking scheme described in the Main Text, the total error rate is measured to be 1.66\% with a count rate of 24 Mcount/s per detector.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{onelaser.pdf}
	\caption{The error rate measurement setup for a single laser. The VOA is used to attenuate the light to single photon level and to balance the loss of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. VOA, variable optical attenuator; SNSPD, superconducting nanowire single photon detector.}
	\label{fig:onelaser}
\end{figure}

We use the same setup as in figure 2 in the Main Text to characterize the error rate of two lasers, except that no modulation is applied. In the experiment, $T_\mathrm{R}$ and $T_\mathrm{Q}$ are 4.9152 and 1.6384 $ \upmu $s respectively. As shown in Tab.~\ref{tab:ER}, the count rate is 24 Mcount/s for each detector. The error rate of two lasers increases to 2.55\%. And the fiber channel with different lengths contribute little to the error rate. Therefore, the phase noise of the sources play a bigger role than the fiber channel in our experiment. And to replicate a more practical scenario, we place one of the laser to a different room. The error rate in this case increases slightly.
\begin{table*}[htbp]
	\centering
	\caption{Interference error rate with different configurations.} \label{tab:ER}
	\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
		\hline
		Configuration     & Interference error rate \\ \hline
		One laser + 0-km fiber     &       1.66 $ \pm $ 0.02\%                  \\ \hline
		Two lasers + 0-km fiber   &      2.55 $ \pm $ 0.06\%                   \\ \hline
		Two lasers + 302-km fiber &         2.64 $ \pm $ 0.17\%                \\ \hline
		Two lasers + 504-km fiber &        2.69 $ \pm $ 0.18\%                 \\ \hline
	\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\section{Source frequency stability test}
The beat note frequency can be measured by a PD and a frequency counter. The result is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:drift}. In the estimation of the beat note frequency, we limit the frequency range in 50 to 200 MHz. The frequency is within the range over days. Somehow, if the frequency drifts out of the range, Alice or Bob could abort the QKD session and recalibrate their wavelength by discussing over the public channel.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{frequency_drift.pdf}
	\caption{The frequency drift of two unlocked lasers used in our TF-QKD experiment.}
	\label{fig:drift}
\end{figure}

\section{Three-intensity SNS-TF-QKD with active odd parity pairing protocol}\label{protocol}
The 3-intensity SNS protocol~\cite{wang2018twin,yu2019sending} is implemented by our TF-QKD system, and the actively odd-parity paring (AOPP) method is used to extract the final key~\cite{jiang2021composable}. For the completeness of the paper, we simply review the content as following.

In this protocol, Alice (Bob) has three sources $o,x,y$ ($o^\prime,x^\prime,y^\prime$) with intensities $\mu_o=0,\mu_x,\mu_y$ respectively. Here the sources $o,o^\prime$ are vacuum sources. In each time window, Alice (Bob) randomly decides whether it is a window that emits pulses from source $o$ ($o^\prime$) with probability $p_o$, or a window that emits pulses from source $x$ ($x^\prime$) with probability $p_x$, or a signal window with probability $p_y=1-p_o-p_x$. If it is a signal window, Alice (Bob) randomly chooses the sources $o$ or $y$ ($o^\prime$ or $y^\prime$) with probabilities $1-\epsilon$ and $\epsilon$. For the vacuum pulses in the signal windows, Alice (Bob) denotes them as $0$ ($1$), and for the non-vacuum pulses in the signal windows, Alice (Bob) denotes them as $1$ ($0$).

In the data post-processing, for the time windows that Alice and Bob choose the sources $x$ and $x^\prime$ respectively, Alice and Bob would announce the private phases of the pulse pair and take the following criterion to perform the post-selection:
\begin{equation}\label{cri}
1-\vert \cos(\theta_{A1}-\theta_{B1}-\psi_{AB})\vert\le \lambda,
\end{equation}
where $\theta_{A1}$ and $\theta_{B1}$ are the private phases of Alice's and Bob's pulses respectively; $\psi_{AB}$ can take an arbitrary value, which can be different from time to time as Alice and Bob like;  $\lambda$ is a small positive value. Denote the number of total pulse pairs sent out that satisfactory Eq.~\eqref{cri} by $N_X$ and the number of corresponding error effective events as $m_X$.

We denote the number of pulse pairs of source $\kappa\zeta(\kappa=o,x,y;\zeta=o^\prime,x^\prime,y^\prime)$ sent out in the whole protocol by $N_{\kappa\zeta}$, and the total number of one-detector heralded events of source $\kappa\zeta$ by $n_{\kappa\zeta}$. We define the counting rate of source $\kappa\zeta$ by $S_{\kappa\zeta}=n_{\kappa\zeta}/N_{\kappa\zeta}$, and the corresponding expected value by $\mean{S_{\kappa\zeta}}$. With all those definitions, we have
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&N_{oo^\prime}=[p_o^2+2p_op_y(1-\epsilon)]N\\
&N_{ox^\prime}=N_{xo^\prime}=[p_o+p_y(1-\epsilon)]p_xN\\
&N_{oy^\prime}=N_{yo^\prime}=p_op_y\epsilon N
\end{split}
\end{equation}

With the decoy-state analysis, we can get the lower bounds of the expected values of the counting rate of states $\oprod{01}{01}$ and $\oprod{10}{10}$, which are
\begin{align}
\label{s01mean}\mean{\underline{s_{01}}}&= \frac{\mu_{y}^{2}e^{\mu_{x}}\mean{S_{ox^\prime}}-\mu_{x}^{2}e^{\mu_{y}}\mean{S_{oy^\prime}}-(\mu_{y}^{2}-\mu_{x}^{2})\mean{S_{oo^\prime}}}{\mu_{y}\mu_{x}(\mu_{y}-\mu_{x})},\\
\mean{\underline{s_{10}}}&= \frac{\mu_{y}^{2}e^{\mu_{x}}\mean{S_{xo^\prime}}-\mu_{x}^{2}e^{\mu_{y}}\mean{S_{yo^\prime}}-(\mu_{y}^{2}-\mu_{x}^{2})\mean{S_{oo^\prime}}}{\mu_{y}\mu_{x}(\mu_{y}-\mu_{x})}.
\end{align}
Then we can get the lower bound of the expected value of the counting rate of untagged photons
\begin{equation}
\mean{\underline{s_1}}=\frac{1}{2}(\mean{\underline{s_{10}}}+\mean{\underline{s_{01}}}),
\end{equation}
and the lower bound of the expected value of the untagged bits $1$, $\mean{\underline{n_{10}}}$, and untagged bits $0$, $\mean{\underline{n_{01}}}$
\begin{align}
\mean{\underline{n_{10}}}=Np_{y}^2\epsilon(1-\epsilon)\mu_{y}e^{-\mu_{y}}\mean{\underline{s_{10}}},\\
\mean{\underline{n_{01}}}=Np_{y}^2\epsilon(1-\epsilon)\mu_{y}e^{-\mu_{y}}\mean{\underline{s_{01}}}.
\end{align}

And the upper bound of the expected value of the phase-flip error rate satisfy
\begin{equation}\label{e1}
\mean{\overline{e_1^{ph}}}=\frac{\mean{T_{X}}-e^{-\mu_{A1}-\mu_{B1}}\mean{S_{oo^\prime}}/2}{e^{-\mu_{A1}-\mu_{B1}}(\mu_{A1}+\mu_{B1})\mean{\underline{s_1}}},
\end{equation}
where $\mean{T_{X}}$ is the expected value of $T_{X}$, and $T_X=m_X/N_X$.

With values above, we can calculate the lower bound of untagged bits and phase-flip error rate after AOPP, $n_1^\prime$ and $e_{1}^{\prime ph}$ by the method proposed in Refs.~\cite{jiang2021composable}. We have the related formulas of $n_1^\prime$ as follows:
\begin{subequations}
	\begin{align}
	&u=\frac{n_g}{2n_{odd}},\\
	&\underline{n_{10}}=\varphi^L(u\mean{\underline{n_{10}}}),\\
	&\underline{n_{01}}=\varphi^L(u\mean{\underline{n_{01}}}),\\
	&\underline{n_{1}}=\underline{n_{10}}+\underline{n_{01}},\\
	&n_1^r=\varphi^L\left(\frac{\underline{n_{1}}^2}{2un_t}\right),\\
	&n_{01}^\prime=2n_1^r\left(\frac{\underline{n_{01}}}{\underline{n_{1}}}-\sqrt{-\frac{\ln\varepsilon}{2n_1^r}}\right)\\
	&n_{10}^\prime=2n_1^r\left(\frac{\underline{n_{10}}}{\underline{n_{1}}}-\sqrt{-\frac{\ln\varepsilon}{2n_1^r}}\right)\\
	&n_{min}=\min(n_{01}^\prime,n_{10}^\prime),\\
	&n_1^\prime=2\varphi^L\left(n_{min}(1-\frac{n_{min}}{2n_1^r})\right),\\
	\end{align}
\end{subequations}
where $n_t$ is number of raw keys that Alice and Bob get in the experiment; $n_g$ is the number of pair if Alice and Bob perform AOPP to their raw keys; ${n_{odd}}$ is the number of pairs with odd-parity if Bob randomly groups all his raw key bits two by two, and $n_g$ and $n_{odd}$ are observed values; $\epsilon$ is the failure probability of parameter estimation; and $\varphi^U(x),\varphi^L(x)$ are the upper and lower bounds while using Chernoff bound~\cite{chernoff1952measure} to estimate the real values according to the expected values.

And we have the the related formulas of $e_{1}^{\prime ph}$ as follows:
\begin{subequations}
	\begin{align}
	&r=\frac{\underline{n_1}}{\underline{n_1}-2n_1^r}\ln\frac{3(\underline{n_1}-2n_1^r)^2}{\varepsilon},\\
	&e_{\tau}=\frac{\varphi^U(2n_1^r\mean{\overline{e_1^{ph}}})}{2n_1^r-r}\\
	&\bar{M}_s=\varphi^U[(n_1^r-r){e_{\tau}}(1-{e_{\tau}})]+r,\\
	&e_{1}^{\prime ph}=\frac{2\bar{M}_s}{n_1^\prime}
	\end{align}
\end{subequations}

Finally, we can get the key rate $R$ by
\begin{equation}\label{r2}
\begin{split}
R=&\frac{1}{N}\left\{n_1^\prime[1-h(e_{1}^{\prime ph})]-fn_t^\prime h(E^\prime)-2\log_2{\frac{2}{\varepsilon_{cor}}}\right.\\
&\left.-4\log_2{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\varepsilon_{PA}\hat{\varepsilon}}}\right\}.
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $N$ is the total number of pulse pairs sent out in the experiment; $h(x)=-x\log_2x-(1-x)\log_2(1-x)$ is the Shannon entropy; $f$ is the error correction inefficiency; $n_t^\prime$ is the number of survived bits after AOPP; $E^\prime$ is the bit-flip error rate of the survived bits after AOPP; $\varepsilon_{cor}$ is the failure probability of error correction, $\varepsilon_{PA}$ is the failure probability of privacy amplification, and $\hat{\varepsilon}$ is the coefficient while using the chain rules of smooth min- and max- entropy~\cite{vitanov2013chain}.

\section{Experimental parameters and data}
As Fig.~\ref{fig:modulation} shows, the R-frame is time-multiplexed with the Q-frame, and the ratio of them can be tuned flexibly according to the channel loss. In Tab.~\ref{tab:ratio}, we present the frame configuration for different fiber distances in our experiment. At the long end, the count rate of the reference frame is reduced to lower the dark count noise related to the strong reference pulses. At the short end, the quantum frame duty cycle can be improved to increase the secret key rate (SKR).
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{modulation.pdf}
	\caption{Intensity and phase modulation format. A buffer zone between the two frames is used to reduce the modulation error from the transition of two frames with different dynamics.}
	\label{fig:modulation}
\end{figure}

\begin{table*}[htbp]
	\centering
	\caption{Frame time and count rate in the reference frame for different fiber distances. $ T_\mathrm{Q} $ ($ T_\mathrm{R} $) is the frame time for the quantum (reference) frame.} \label{tab:ratio}
	\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
		\hline
		Fiber distance (km) & $ T_\mathrm{R} $ ($ \upmu $s) & $ T_\mathrm{Q} $ ($ \upmu $s) & Count rate (Mcount/s) \\ \hline
		50                  & 0.4096    & 1.2288    & 24             \\ \hline
		202                 & 4.9152    & 1.6384    & 24             \\ \hline
		302                 & 4.9152    & 1.6384    & 24             \\ \hline
		380                 & 4.9152    & 1.6384    & 24              \\ \hline
		504                 & 4.9152    & 1.6384    & 8              \\ \hline
	\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

Tab.~\ref{tab:parameter} summarizes the encoding information of our experiments using 3-intensity SNS protocol. The encoding parameters are optimized to generate higher SKR according to the protocol presented in Section~\ref{protocol}.

The insertion loss of the measurement setup is listed in Tab.~\ref{tab:IL}. The EPC, DWDM and PBS are spliced together to reduce the insertion loss. We use two different SNSPDs for the experiments of 504-km-long fiber and other distances. Their performances are summarized in Tab.~\ref{tab:snspd}. At 504 km, the noise in the key generation basis is mainly from the scattering photons in the fiber induced by the strong light in the R-frame. Therefore, the dense wavelength-division multiplexer is used to reduce the Raman noise. However, double Rayleigh scattering still contributes to the noise count of 160 count/s per detector.

In Tab.~\ref{tab:data} we report the detailed experimental results for the different fiber distances. Raw detection counts needed to calculate the SKR and and the AOPP results are listed. The counts are labelled in the suffix as `AB$ab$', `A' (`B') and `$a$' (`$b$') denotes the basis and decoy intensity chosen by Alice (Bob) for a certain pulse, where `$y$', `$x$', `$o$' are the signal, decoy and vacuum states respectively.
\begin{table*}[hbp]
	\centering
	\caption{Parameters for the different fiber lengths, including the decoy intensities and probabilities. $ \mu_y,\ \mu_x,\ \mu_o $ are the signal, decoy and vacuum intensities. $ P_Z $ is the probability of choosing Z basis. $ \epsilon $ is the sending probability when Z basis is chosen. $ P_{\mu_x} $ is the probability of sending in $ \mu_x $ decoy intensity.} \label{tab:parameter}
	\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
		\hline
		Fiber length (km) & $ \mu_y $ (ph/pulse) & $ \mu_x $ (ph/pulse) & $ \mu_o $ (ph/pulse) & $ P_Z $ & $ \epsilon $ & $ P_{\mu_x} $ \\ \hline
		50  & 0.53 & 0.028 & 0.00005 & 0.94  & 0.28 & 0.055 \\ \hline
		202 & 0.49 & 0.044 & 0.00005 & 0.878 & 0.28 & 0.115 \\ \hline
		302 & 0.48 & 0.045 & 0.00005 & 0.87  & 0.28 & 0.12  \\ \hline
		380 & 0.45 & 0.050 & 0.00005 & 0.85  & 0.28 & 0.136   \\ \hline
		504 & 0.43 & 0.064 & 0.00005 & 0.77  & 0.28 & 0.2   \\ \hline
	\end{tabular}
\end{table*}
\begin{table*}[hbp]
	\caption{Insertion loss of the measurement setup. The results are specified in dB. }
	\label{tab:IL}
	\centering
	\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|}
		\hline
		Component & Alice & Bob  \\ \hline
		EPC+DWDM+PBS & 0.87  & 0.92 \\ \hline
		BS-D0        & 3.51  & 3.39 \\ \hline
		BS-D1        & 3.41  & 3.45 \\ \hline
		PC           & 0.21  & 0.12 \\ \hline
	\end{tabular}
\end{table*}
\begin{table*}[htbp]
	\caption{Performance of two sets of SNSPDs. }
	\label{tab:snspd}
	\centering
	\begin{tabular}{|l|ll|ll|}
		\hline
		\multirow{2}{*}{Detector} & \multicolumn{2}{l|}{SNSPD\#1}    & \multicolumn{2}{l|}{SNSPD\#2}    \\ \cline{2-5}
		& \multicolumn{1}{l|}{D$ _0 $} & D$ _1 $ & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{D$ _0 $} & D$ _1 $ \\ \hline
		Efficiency                & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{74\%} & 65\% & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{70\%}     &   72\%   \\ \hline
		Dark count (count/s)      & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{7}    & 6    & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{7}     &   5  \\ \hline
		Dynamic range (dB)        & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{44}   & 48   & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{58}     &  60  \\ \hline
	\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}[htbp]
	\scriptsize
	\caption{Experimental results and SKR results of finite-size SNS protocol with AOPP. }
	\label{tab:data}
	\centering
	\begin{tabular}{c|cccc|c}
		\toprule
		\toprule
		Detector & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{SNSPD\#1} & SNSPD\#2\\
		\hline
		Distance (km)       & 50        & 202         & 302         & 380         & 504\\
		Loss (dB)           & 9.6       & 38.4        & 56.8        & 72.1        & 96.8\\
		R (bit per pulse)   & $1.35\times10^{-3}$       & $2.15\times10^{-5}$        & $1.18\times10^{-6}$        & $1.25\times10^{-7}$        & $6.56\times10^{-9}$\\
		K (bit per second)  & $1.27\times10^{6}$       & $6.72\times10^{3}$        & $3.69\times10^{2}$        & $3.92\times10^{1}$        & $2.05$\\
		\hline
		$\mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{send}}$         & $10^{10}$  & $10^{10}$  & $10^{11}$  & $10^{12}$ & $10^{13}$\\
		Detected-ZZ$yy$     & 91070688   & 3753305    & 4348062    & 6061368     & 2848762 \\
		Detected-ZZ$yo$     & 125590483  & 4799465    & 5625148    & 7930021     & 3744013 \\
		Detected-ZZ$oy$     & 119406794  & 4855778    & 5423145    & 7773735     & 3470979 \\
		Detected-ZZ$oo$     & 328365     & 13077      & 35858      & 123832      & 68929   \\
		Detected-ZX$yx$     & 10890616   & 950371     & 1162482    & 1957861     & 1529226 \\
		Detected-ZX$yo$     & 935187     & 55645      & 89416      & 613864      & 235751  \\
		Detected-ZX$ox$     & 1510180    & 215377     & 248739     & 194847      & 515998  \\
		Detected-ZX$oo$     & 2457       & 153        & 563        & 5898        & 4721    \\
		Detected-XZ$xy$     & 10228682   & 955528     & 1144738    & 1954830     & 1553976 \\
		Detected-XZ$xo$     & 1543109    & 202480     & 261767     & 199155      & 496252  \\
		Detected-XZ$oy$     & 889432     & 55600      & 86138      & 533252      & 216947  \\
		Detected-XZ$oo$     & 4981       & 303        & 1045       & 3235        & 6753    \\
		Detected-XX$xx$     & 239419     & 72844      & 84062      & 251290      & 337914  \\
		Detected-XX$xo$     & 11791      & 2406       & 4066       & 15654       & 31099   \\
		Detected-XX$ox$     & 11074      & 2572       & 3985       & 13337       & 32511   \\
		Detected-XX$oo$     & 16         & 2          & 9          & 158         & 178  \\
		\hline
		Detected XX$xx$ matching & 30014        & 9055          & 10447          & 31442          & 42569 \\
		Correct XX$xx$ matching & 28560        & 8407          & 9549          & 28859           & 40621 \\
		Sifted key bits in Z-basis before AOPP & 336396330        & 13421625          & 15432213          & 21888956   & 10132683\\
		$\mathrm{QBER}_{\mathrm{ZZ}}$ before AOPP & 27.17$\%$        & 28.06$\%$          & 28.41$\%$          & 28.26$\%$ & 28.79$\%$\\
		Survived key bits in Z-basis after AOPP & 71375551        & 2707044          & 3137485          & 4522494  & 2111964 \\
		$\mathrm{QBER}_{\mathrm{ZZ}}$ after AOPP & 0.20$\%$        & 0.21$\%$          & 0.52$\%$          & 1.23$\%$  & 1.50$\%$\\
		\bottomrule
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
\end{table*}
\clearpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Avoid duplicate activity or fragment due to multi-touch or double tapping? In my app I have many view that will either launch an activity or add a fragment to the stack. In both cases I want to avoid that double tapping the view or tapping two of the same views (like two items in a list) can start the same activity or fragment multiple times.
This question has already been asked multiple times and the only solutions are to disable the whole activity (by any way) or disable all the clickable views when a view is clicked. This works for double tapping but not for multi-touch tapping of two views at the same time.
Futhermore, I wish to find a solution that is more generic. I have lots of clickable views, lots of activities and lots of fragments.

A: I have solved it by adding this to our parent Activity class:
private Intent mActivityStarted = null;

[...]

@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
    if (mActivityStarted == null || mActivityStarted == intent) {
        mActivityStarted = intent;
        super.startActivity(intent);
    }
}

@Override
public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode) {
    if (mActivityStarted == null || mActivityStarted == intent) {
        mActivityStarted = intent;
        super.startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode);
    }
}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    mActivityStarted = null;
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
}

I also added this in our parent Fragment class and it shares the same mActivityStarted by using ((OurParentActivityClass) getActivity()).getterForMActivityStarted()
For launching fragments only once, I also made it change the same mActivityStarted.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Home » Statistical Information » Songs » Songs =- R -= » Roulette
Disc 2 track 3 of Tracks, 1998.
Tracks (1998)
Bruce Springsteen: vocals, guitar
Roy Bittan: piano
Clarence Clemons: saxophone, percussion
Danny Federici: organ, glockenspiel
Garry Tallent: bass
Steven Van Zandt: guitar, backing vocals
Max Weinberg: drums
2016-07-05 Stadio Giuseppe Meazza, Milan, Italy
2016-05-27 Croke Park, Dublin, Ireland
2016-02-04 TD Garden, Boston, MA
2014-05-14 Hersheypark Stadium, Hershey, PA
2014-02-16 AAMI Park, Melbourne, Australia
2013-07-24 First Direct Arena, Leeds, England
2013-07-23 Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, Wales
2013-07-11 Ippodromo Delle Capannelle, Rome, Italy
2013-07-07 Red Bull Arena, Leipzig, Germany
2009-05-05 John Paul Jones Arena, Charlottesville, VA
2008-07-08 Valle Hovin Stadion, Oslo, Norway
2008-07-05 Ullevi, Gothenburg, Sweden
2003-10-04 Shea Stadium, New York City, NY
2000-05-08 Hartford Civic Center, Hartford, CT
1988-07-14 St. Jakob Stadion, Basel, Switzerland
1988-07-10 Bramall Lane, Sheffield, England
1988-07-03 Stockholms Stadion, Stockholm, Sweden
1988-05-13 Market Square Arena, Indianapolis, IN
1988-05-09 Met Center, Bloomington, MN
1988-05-05 Tacoma Dome, Tacoma, WA
1988-05-03 Shoreline Amphitheatre, Mountain View, CA
1988-04-28 Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena, Los Angeles, CA
1988-04-20 McNichols Sports Arena, Denver, CO
1988-04-17 St. Louis Arena, St. Louis, MO
1988-04-15 Frank Erwin Center, Austin, TX
1988-04-13 Summit (The), Houston, TX
1988-04-05 Capital Centre, Largo, MD
1988-04-02 Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum, Uniondale, NY
1988-03-29 Joe Louis Arena, Detroit, MI
1988-03-26 Rupp Arena, Lexington, KY
1988-03-23 Omni (The), Atlanta, GA
1988-03-20 Civic Arena, Pittsburgh, PA
1988-03-17 Rosemont Horizon, Rosemont, IL
1988-03-14 Richfield Coliseum, Richfield, OH
1988-03-09 Spectrum, Philadelphia, PA
1988-03-04 Dean E. Smith Student Activities Center, Chapel Hill, NC
1988-02-29 Centrum In Worcester, Worcester, MA
Released on One Step Up (Single, 1988), Tracks (1998), and The Ties That Bind: The River Collection (2015).
ROULETTE - V1 1:30 LM-4 / ATMF / PYP / MT2
ROULETTE - V2 2:28 DROC1 / RRR / RO
ROULETTE - V3 3:39 LM-4 / LMEC1 / PYP / SA / DBTR
ROULETTE - V4a 3:37 DROC2 / SMM / BTR
ROULETTE - V4b 3:29 DBR
ROULETTE - V4c 3:46 DROC1 / RO
ROULETTE - V4d 3:47 RO
ROULETTE - V4e 3:45 RO / RN
ROULETTE - V4f 3:39 ATMF
ROULETTE - V4g 3:34 ATMF
ROULETTE - V4h 3:43 BACK / 1988 Single
ROULETTE - V4i 3:47 TRACKS
ROULETTE - V4j 3:48 RIVER: OUTTAKES
Note: V1 is an acoustic demo recorded a few days after the Three Mile Island nuclear accident on March 28, 1979, which inspired the song. Recording sessions for Album #5 began at Power Station studios on April 3, with engineer Bob Clearmountain. Multiple takes of "Roulette" were recorded over the first two days, followed by several days of mixing by Clearmountain and Springsteen. The song was set aside until April 1980, when Springsteen, engineer Neil Dorfsman, and his co-producers Landau and Van Zandt were reviewing all completed masters, and recording or re-recording instrumental and vocal tracks as needed. Over April 11 and 12 new "Roulette" tracks were recorded, including vocals, and Dorfsman mixed or remixed some of the tapes. He recalls that the new vocals were discarded in favor of the original April 1979 tracks. Toby Scott mixed it as one of the five extra tracks designated for b-sides, etc., after finishing the twenty primary tracks Springsteen had designated for The River.
V2 is incomplete, with double-tracked lead vocals and a slower tempo. The lyrics show some variations to later versions, and the tape fades out during the guitar solo. The vocal in V3 is not finished, while V4 is the master recorded in April 1979, with multiple vocal, keyboard, guitar and other instruments recorded in 1979–80 at Springsteen's direction, for dubbing and mixing. For unknown reasons, many of the mixes created by Clearmountain, Dorfsman, and Scott leaked out to bootleggers, in addition to the officially released b-side and remixed album cuts on Tracks and The Ties That Bind 2015 anniversary box. There are at least eight different mix variations in circulation, and more exist in private collections. The Tracks mix features more snare drum but less guitar than the mix found on the 1988 b-side to "One Step Up". Bruce states in his autobiography that "Roulette" was recorded shortly after the MUSE benefits of September 21 and 22, 1979, but that is incorrect. In a 1998 interview with Mojo magazine, Springsteen bared his soul. "It was the first song we cut…and maybe later on, I thought it was too specific. I may have just gotten afraid—it went a little over the top, which is what's good about it. In truth it should have probably gotten put on. It would have been one of the best things on the record."
Studio Sessions: The River
We left the toys out in the yard
I took my wife and kids and I left my home unguarded
We packed what we could into the car
No one here knows how it started
Well suddenly everything was just so out of control
Now I want some answers, mister, I need to know
I hear all the talk but I don't know what you're saying
But I think I got a good idea of the game that you're playing
Roulette, that's the name
Roulette, that's the game now
Roulette, I don't believe what they're saying
Roulette, everybody's playing
I grew up here on this street
Where nothing moves, just a strange breeze
In a town full of worthless memories
There's a shadow in my backyard
I've got a house full of things that I can't touch
Well all those things they won't do me much good now
I was a fireman out at Riker's, I did my job
Mister, I've been cheated, I feel like I've been robbed
I'm the big expendable, my life's just cancelled null and void
Well what you gonna do about your new boy
Roulette, you're playing with my life
Roulette, with my kids and my wife
Roulette, every day the stakes get bigger
Roulette, a different finger on the trigger
Down by the river that talks
The night speaks in searchlights and shortwave radios squawk
Well the police patrol the streets
But I've left behind the man I used to be
Everything he believed and all that belonged to me
I tried to find my way out to somewhere where I thought it'd be safe
They stopped me at the roadblock they put up on the interstate
They put me in detention but I broke loose and then I ran
They said they just want to ask me a few questions but I think they had other plans
Now I don't know who to trust and I don't know what I can believe
They say they want to help me but with the stuff they keep on saying
I think those guys just wanna keep on playing
Roulette, with my life
Roulette, the bullet's in the chamber
Roulette, who's the unlucky stranger
Roulette, surprise, you're dead
Roulette, the gun's to your head
Roulette, the bullet's spinning in the chamber
Roulette, pull the trigger, feel the click
No further danger
b-sidedisc2infoouttakesrr_trcksr_ttbroulettesongtour_hhtour_mgctour_rnntour_rsngtour_rvr16tour_toltour_wbtour_woad

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Chichester es un distrito no metropolitano del condado de Sussex Occidental (Inglaterra). Tiene una superficie de 786,32 km². Según el censo de 2001, Chichester estaba habitado por 106 450 personas y su densidad de población era de 135,38 hab/km².

Referencias

Chichester

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Is Palestine history?
That is, have ita various leaders lost the opportunity to make their place name into a country?
Most likely yes, but it will not disappear soon from agendas of international politics.
In other words, the idea will hang on, and provide stimulus to Palestinians and others feeling they have justice and history on their side. However, if the past is any guide--and it usually is--nothing will come of it.
The story is well known, encapsuled in that epigram made famous by Abba Eban, that Palestinians never miss an opportunity to miss an opportunity.
The other side of the story is that they are darlings of the third world, and of much in the first world. It''s politically correct--from Obama Washington across all of Europe and beyond to unimportant places--to say that they deserve a state, that the "two state solution" is the best alternative available, and that Israel has not done enough to bring it about.
Iran plus a few others go beyond what is conventional and provide money and munitions to the most extreme Palestinian groups that reject all compromises with Israel.
Indications are that things are not going well for the Palestinians. An insistence on explicit Israeli preconditions for beginning negotiations, like accepting the legitimacy of 1967 borders and the idea of a Palestinian capital in Jerusalem, has not gone well even with diplomats friendly to their cause. The United States and other western governments are urging--even warning--the Palestinian leadership not to venture into the United Nations to improve the status of Palestine. Individuals said to be part of the Palestinian leadership (a group whose amorphous character is part of the Palestinian problem) are showing something close to panic by urging Jordan to re-occupy the West Bank. Not only would that absorb the Palestinian idea into something else, but it would require the very unlikely assent of Israel.
Mahmoud Abbas gave a rare interview in English to Israeli media in which he asserted that he would welcome an opportunity to visit his home town of Safed, but that he recognized the city as Israeli. As long as he was in charge, there would be no armed uprising. His path is that of politics, diplomacy, and passive resistance.
That is an admirable posture, but must be viewed in the wider context. Abbas'' term as president ended almost four years ago, Hamas and other extremists are in control of Gaza, and are projected to win any fair election in the West Bank.
Also working against Palestine is the confusion tending toward chaos coming out of Arab spring. At the least, this weakens the Palestinian case in the short run. Diplomats of the world are more concerned with Syria, Libya, Egypt, and a few other places.
At the worse, from the Palestinian perspective, the results so far of Arab spring have given a lift to anti-western Islamic extremists who weaken enthusiasm for Palestine in western capitals. To be sure, there are those who say that Israel must forestall extremism by giving in to Palestinian demands. However, current and foreseeable Israeli governments are unlikely to cooperate. The Palestinian issue has all but disappeared from Israel''s political campaign. Distrust and disbelief about the Palestinian cause is widespread in Israel. One sign of it is the 3-1 preference for Mitt Romney among Israelis polled on the American presidential contest.
With all of the problems facing the prospect of a Palestinian state, and the likelihood that its time has passed, the idea is deeply embedded in the conventional wisdom of the politically correct.
This may only mean that the idea cannot die. The medical analogy of coma is appropriate. The patient is showing minimal signs of life, but without indications of death or recovery.
Perhaps the best argument for keeping it alive is that it cannot die. There are perhaps 3-4 million Palestinians without a state framework divided between Gaza and the West Bank, plus uncounted others claiming refugee status unto the third and fourth generations. It is assumed that many want to come home, and some actually say that, with some of them waving keys to homes that no longer exist.
All this represents an anomaly, i.e., unusual but by no means unique in international politics. Close to the situation of Palestinians is that of the Kurds as well as numerous unhappy tribes in Africa. Other unhappy national groups, e.g., Scots, Welch, Basques, Catalonians, and a few others, benefit from living in countries that grant formal or informal kinds of autonomy, allow nationalists to express themselves, with less carnage that associated with Palestinians or Kurds.
Israelis being Jews, and the land at issue being holy, complicate any assessment of Palestine''s future in world politics.
Those elements help to keep spirits alive. We can count on no end of political speeches, international travel by Palestinians claiming leadership, visits to Palestine by governmental leaders and aspiring activists, financial aid to Palestine out of proportion to aid given elsewhere, along with vocal support in favor of the two-state solution by one and all, including Israeli politicians who want to preserve their country''s status within the orbit of the politically correct. The idea of Palestine is too well connected to disappear. "Hanging around" is the best description for its status and prospects. It''s here, won''t disappear, but has shown no signs of accomplishing its advocates'' aspirations.


wm4 April 19, 2018, 7:39 p.m.
> + * Return true if a pixel format descriptor has alpha channel.
> + * @return 1 if the pixel format descriptor has alpha, 0 otherwise.
Hendrik Leppkes April 19, 2018, 7:44 p.m.
>> + * Return true if a pixel format descriptor has alpha channel.
>> + * @return 1 if the pixel format descriptor has alpha, 0 otherwise.
point, we probably also don't need a function to check it?
case - basically it is unknown if the palette contains alpha or not?
wm4 April 19, 2018, 7:56 p.m.
> >> +  Add av_pix_fmt_desc_has_alpha().
> >> + * Return true if a pixel format descriptor has alpha channel.
> >> + * @return 1 if the pixel format descriptor has alpha, 0 otherwise.
> point, we probably also don't need a function to check it?
Yeah, except the weird PAL8 case.
> case - basically it is unknown if the palette contains alpha or not?
AV_PIX_FMT_RGBA. The last component could be either alpha or padding.
introduced, the RGBA formats were flagged with AV_PIX_FMT_FLAG_ALPHA.
having alpha, or introducing a PALA8 format.
+ * Return true if a pixel format descriptor has alpha channel.
+ * @return 1 if the pixel format descriptor has alpha, 0 otherwise.


text:
Home Air Cost of British operations against Islamic State reaches £1.4 billion
Typhoons in the Middle East.
Cost of British operations against Islamic State reaches £1.4 billion
The total cost of British operations against Islamic State has been revealed.
Jim Cunningham, MP for Coventry South, asked in a Ministry of Defence written question:
"To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what recent estimate he has made of the cost to the public purse of the fight against Daesh."
Mark Lancaster, The Minister of State at the Ministry of Defence, replied:
"The net additional cost of counter-Daesh operations in Financial Year 2017-18 was £583.1 million."
Additional costs in previous years are as follows:
By September 2017, the Ministry of Defence had announced that over 1,000 personnel were engaged in theatre and that the Royal Air Force had conducted around 900 airstrikes, flying over 2,200 sorties, killing 3,000 Islamic State fighters.
Last year, it was reported that the Royal Air Force is operating at its most intense for 25 years in a single theatre of operation which far outstripped the UK involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan – RAF jets have dropped 11 times more bombs (1,276 strikes) on Syria and Iraq in the preceding 12 months than they had in the busiest year of action in Afghanistan a decade previously.
As of April 2017, 37 Hellfire missiles, 20 Brimstone missiles, 30 unspecified/other armaments were used in the operation against Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.
First British P-8 Poseidon Maritime Patrol Aircraft flies for the first time
Number of people working on new Tempest jet 'set to double'
MQ-8C unmanned helicopter achieves initial operational capability
First Canadian C295 makes maiden flight
As long as our personnel are safe and we have lost nobody that's the important thing. 🙂
One British serviceman was sadly killed earlier this year in Manbij.
Oh dear. 🙁
Are you joking? Of course they are not safe, since when has war been safe? It's ininherently unsafe, that's why it's called war and why you mitigate against the risk of harm and death.
Wow-3 extra Type 31's plus running costs for a while? On the other hand-doing our bit for the fight against the ISIS evil empire. Do we shoulder a disproportionate burden of this conflict?It seems our EU partners France being the exception, get off pretty scot free.
Daniele Mandelli
No change there then.
To be fair most EU forces are primarily defensive in nature: relatively big on numbers of troops and combat vehicles, but very few assets to enable expeditionary operations without deploying as part of NATO. It's part of why our military looks so relatively smaller compared to a lot of our allies: we have a FAR bigger focus on actually using our forces
No wonder the Germans are so much wealthier than we are.
Rfn_Weston
Op Shader has probably realistically helped the integration of ground attack munitions and live firing on typhoon no end!
Pacman27
Maybe its about time Nato members put some money into a pot and those that actually go on operations use it.
Many of the European nations are really taking the US and UK for granted whilst not being very collegiate in their approach to us.
T.S
How about a fee for NATO membership as a percentage of GDP, no expectation for how much you spend on your military as it is now.
If military action is required, that money is used to cover the costs for which ever nation has the ideal or best placed capability. Membership money left over is used for R&D to develop NATO only capabilities and new common platforms which members can then buy. Builds are shared out based on contribution level, but done in a way that benefits everyone's industry , job creation and know how.
Worth every penny. No fate is too unpleasant for those savages.
467,000 per man with AK. Perhaps we need to follow US and go for cheaper aircraft. Advanced hawk?
Tucano is the evergreen favorite suggestion for a low cost counter insurgency platform. The RAF even has 51 Short Tucano as trainers, albeit without under-wing hard-points. However I suspect the large proportion of the costs are in ordnance.
In 2015 and 2016 it seems the UK spent £400M on Paveway IV alone. Brimstone and Paveway IV apparently cost somewhere around £70k-£100k each so with the intensity of operations and strikes since its perhaps not that surprising how costs add up.
Mr Bell
The cost is the cost. When we agreed in parliament to commit the RAF to attacking ISIS then it was obvious the campaign would be costly. We are striving very hard to avoid collateral civilian casualties. Thus very advanced precision munitions are needed. Then there is the flying hours costs of typhoon and tornado+ deployment support costs RAF ground crew, wages, logistics, RAF regiment defence for RAF Akritoro. All adds up. Unfortunately it does mean each ISIS fighter known to have been killed has cost nearly £500k. High performance jets however were needed in Syria because of the presence of… Read more »
Can't help but think this is a waste of money. Dropping expensive bombs isn't going to change anything. As history tells us no war was ever won in the air! Is this going to be a case of a long term conflict which ends in the two sides talking perhaps in 2025? The taliban being the example.
And yet Daesh is crumbling.
This isn't the same as Afghanistan and the Taliban though. The missions are specifically against ISIS, not against one or more of the multitude of other factions in Syria. We might not like Assad but we're not prosecuting attacks against him outside responses to chemical weapon use, which are distinct and separate actions. In my view, "winning" against ISIS is more likely to look like keeping them weak, in order to help undermine their ability to prosecute attacks against targets in Europe and elsewhere, than an ability to win in any conventional sense.
OOA
Someone, somewhere in a position of authority is persuaded this is a worthwhile risk for our people and a use of our funds. But then, the same could be said about Suez, or Iraq. I wonder how much is about an inability to loose face by climbing-down from an entrenched anti-Assad position & ceding the field to Russia, and how much is about actually influencing the course of events. I for one believe that Assad is hideous but guess what? So are the opposition we are supporting. I just don't know any more what the point is. Were we to… Read more »
My comment from March 2018.
https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/cost-british-air-operations-iraq-syria-reach-1-75-billion/#comment-402599
This doesn't include the cost of AAR aircraft, nor the cost of repairing all the damage we have done, nor the wear and tear on airframe life. But at least the RAF have proved to ministers that they need this extra £1.7bn every 3 years and that pointy fast shiny jets with expensive bombs are more important than Escort Ships or Royal Marines or CAMMs on our QEs.
Given that most of the targets were unarmoured and soft targets this whole operation would have been about £1.4bn cheaper if we had exclusively used Reaper and LMM.
Topboy
Worth every penny. Keep pounding them lads and lasses. Doing us proud
Barry Larking
My own thoughts are that over the same time period U.K. payments of compensation and statutory benefit support to returning I.S.I.S. fighters and their families will exceed this figure. But, then, we will never know because we won't be told.
British Frigate shadows Chinese destroyer in English Channel
Underpinning defence in the Baltics: The UK and Estonia


text:
AmWINS Acquires The Walker Group
AmWINS Group, Inc. ("AmWINS") announced today that it has acquired The Walker Group ("TWG"), a wholesale commercial lines insurance broker and MGA with two locations in Upstate New York.
The Walker Group, founded in 1934, specializes in primary and excess workers' compensation, professional liability and other niche P&C lines. In addition, The Walker Group serves as a Group Manager operating and managing several safety groups within the New York State Insurance Fund. Prior to the acquisition, TWG was a wholly owned subsidiary of The Lifetime Healthcare Companies, a multi-billion dollar non-profit organization that provides health coverage and health care services.
"We are delighted to become part of the AmWINS team," said Tony Sidoni, President of The Walker Group. "Our niche expertise and specialist focus are a perfect fit with AmWINS' wholesale distribution model and strategy around risk and industry practices."
The Walker Group's veteran team, combined with established relationships with markets and retailers, provides a solid foundation that will continue to grow with AmWINS' added resources.
"We are excited to welcome The Walker Group to the AmWINS family," said M. Steven DeCarlo, CEO of AmWINS. "Not only does this acquisition extend our reach in the Northeast, but their expertise and relationships will complement our overall company strategy. There's a great deal of opportunity for growth."
The acquisition of The Walker Group follows the December 31, 2013 announcement that AmWINS has completed its acquisition of Bliss & Glennon, an excess and surplus lines wholesale insurance broker and managing general agency, and eReinsure, a neutral online platform used by clients to manage the placement of facultative reinsurance.
Following these transactions, the firm will have more than 3,200 employees across 17 countries and will handle nearly $9.5 billion in premium placements across four divisions – Brokerage, Underwriting, Group Benefits and International.


text:
package org.unicef.gis.infrastructure;

import com.google.android.gms.common.GooglePlayServicesClient.ConnectionCallbacks;
import com.google.android.gms.common.GooglePlayServicesClient.OnConnectionFailedListener;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationListener;

public interface ILocationServiceConsumer extends ConnectionCallbacks, OnConnectionFailedListener, LocationListener {
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This Technical Report gives practical guidance to those concerned with the designing and planning of sports facilities where lighting is required to meet the needs of colour television and filming.
Firstly, there is general guidance on sports lighting design including luminaires and lamp types, calculation methods, and electrical installation.
The second section lists 51 sports with specific advice on the lighting of each.
The third section gives references to relevant standards and in particular publications in which new sports lighting installations may be described.
The report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 79 pages with 90 figures and 1 table.


text:
10 myths about psychology
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Why we all need to practice emotion... by TED Talks 12687 views
11.201 visualizações
Publicada em 25 de mar de 2015
Ben Ambridge walks through 10 popular ideas about psychology that have been proven wrong and uncovers a few surprising truths about how our brains really work.
Publicada em: Ciências, Educação
220 gostaram
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1. 10 MYTHS ABOUT PSYCHOLOGY
2. ABOUT THE SPEAKER Ben Ambridge is a senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Liverpool, where he researches children's language development. He is the author of Psy-Q, which introduces readers to some of the major findings in psychology via interactive puzzles, games, quizzes and tests. He also writes great newsy stories connecting psychology to current events. His article "Why Can't We Talk to the Animals?" was shortlisted for the 2012 Guardian- Welcome Science Writing Prize.
3. Men are from Mars and women are from Venus #1
4. HOW DIFFERENT ARE MEN AND WOMEN REALLY? Any psychologist will tell you that men are better at spatial awareness than women. But the size of this difference is tiny. In fact, the average woman is better than 33 percent of all men, and of course, if that was 50 percent, then the two genders would be exactly equal. Any psychologist will tell you that women are better with language and grammar than men. Again, yes, women are better on average, but the lines are so close that 33 percent of men are better than the average woman, and again, if it was 50 percent, that would represent complete gender equality. So it's not really a case of Mars and Venus. It's more a case of, if anything, Mars and Snickers: basically the same, but one's maybe slightly nuttier than the other.
5. Rorschach inkblot tests
6. Rorschach inkblot tests have basically no validity when it comes to diagnosing people's personality and are not used by modern-day psychologists. In fact, one recent study found that when you do try to diagnose people's personalities using Rorschach inkblot tests, schizophrenia was diagnosed in about one sixth of apparently perfectly normal participants.
7. #3 Learning styles
8. Learning styles are made up and are not supported by scientific evidence. So we know this because in tightly controlled experimental studies, when learners are given material to learn either in their preferred style or an opposite style, it makes no difference at all to the amount of information that they retain. It's obvious that the best presentation format depends not on you, but on what you're trying to learn. •  Could you learn to drive a car, for example, just by listening to someone telling you what to do with no kinesthetic experience? •  Could you solve simultaneous equations by talking them through in your head and without writing them down? •  Could you revise for your architecture exams using interpretive dance if you're a kinesthetic learner? No. What you need to do is match the material to be learned to the presentation format, not you.
9. #4 Genes
10. A recent study at University College London found that 58% of the variation between different students and their GCSE results was down to genetic factors. Identical twins share 100% of their environment and 100% of their genes, whereas non-identical twins share 100% of their environment, but just like any brother and sister, share only 50% of their genes. So by comparing how similar GCSE results are in identical twins versus non- identical twins, and doing some clever math, we can an idea of how much variation and performance is due to the environment and how much is due to genes. Turns out that it's about 58% due to genes. So this isn't to undermine the hard work that you and your teachers here put in. If you didn't quite get the GCSE results that you were hoping for, then you can always try blaming your parents, or at least their genes.
11. #5 Left-brained or right-brained
12. "The left brain is logical, it's good with equations like this, and the right brain is more creative, so the right brain is better at music." This is a myth because nearly everything that you do involves nearly all parts of your brain talking together, even just the most mundane thing like having a normal conversation. What is true that ambidextrous people, or people who use both hands for different tasks, are more creative thinkers than one-handed people, because being ambidextrous involves having both sides of the brain talk to each other a lot, which seems to be involved in creating flexible thinking.
13. #6 10% of our brains
14. A related myth that you've probably heard of is that we only use 10 percent of our brains. This is, again, a complete myth. Nearly everything that we do, even the most mundane thing, uses nearly all of our brains. That said, it is of course true that most of us don't use our brainpower quite as well as we could.
15. #7&8 Mozart Effect
16. The idea is that listening to Mozart makes you smarter and improves your performance on I.Q. tests. The truth is that listening to something that you enjoy perks you up a bit and gives you a temporary I.Q. boost on a narrow range of tasks. There's no suggestion that listening to Mozart, or Stephen King stories, is going to make you any smarter in the long run.
17. Another version of the Mozart myth is that listening to Mozart can make you not only cleverer but healthier, too. Unfortunately, this doesn't seem to be true of someone who listened to the music of Mozart almost every day, Mozart himself, who suffered from gonorrhea, smallpox, arthritis, and, what most people think eventually killed him in the end, syphilis. This suggests that Mozart should have bit more careful, perhaps, when choosing his sexual partners.
18. #9 Preferences in a romantic partner are a product of our culture
19. The data don't back this up. A famous study surveyed people from 37 different cultures across the globe, from Americans to Zulus, on what they look for in a partner. And in every single culture across the globe, men placed more value on physical attractiveness in a partner than did women, and in every single culture, too, women placed more importance than did men on ambition and high earning power. In every culture, too, men preferred women who were younger than themselves, an average of 2.66 years, and in every culture, too, women preferred men who were older than them, so an average of 3.42 years, which is why we've got here "Everybody needs a Sugar Daddy."
20. Sportsmen go through hot-hand streaks, where they just can't miss#10
21. In fact, what happens is that if you analyze the pattern of hits and misses statistically, it turns out that it's nearly always at random. Your brain creates patterns from the randomness. So an exception to this, however, is penalty shootouts. A recent study looking at penalty shootouts in football shows that players who represent countries with a very bad record in penalty shootouts tend to be quicker to take their shots than countries with a better record, and presumably as a result, they're more likely to miss.
22. TED Talk: http://www.ted.com/talks/ ben_ambridge_10_myths_about_psychology_debunked
Fundamentos de las ventas Espanhol
Cómo diseñar una presentación Espanhol
Less stuff, more happiness
How to make work-life balance work
What makes a great leader today
6 ways to simplify work and be more productive
Choosing easier. How businesses can improve the experience of choosing.
Physics and Marketing


text:
Q: How to show infobox outside the map-canvas viewport (with a z-index higher than map) I want my infobox to be fully shown(cant use autoPan due to some reason) if not in map, then little bit outside map like what  Redfin guys are doing....But I cant get it even after trying so many things.
Attached herewith two images to demonstrate my issue..The first one is from Redfin what I want and the second one is my scenario which is default
!

The map pane seems to be maximum (floatpane) so no use of providing higher z-index to infobox.
Thanks..


The next event coming up in this cluster is logitrans 2015, International Transport Logistics Exhibition. This exhibition, now in its ninth edition, takes place at the Istanbul Expo Center from November 18 to 20, 2015. Showcased at this event is a broad range of products and services all along the value chain in logistics, telematics and transport. Located in Turkey, logitrans is the ideal bridge between the markets of Europe, Asia and Russia.
Taking place in 2015 for the first time, as part of logitrans, is the new conference "PeriLog". This conference focuses on themes in the transport and storage of perishable goods and on cool-chain logistics. In particular it looks at logistics solutions for fresh produce for the Eurasia region.
The "PeriLog" conference at logitrans concentrates above all on the importance of food logistics for the Eurasian market. Last year Turkey exported over 3.5 million tonnes of fresh produce, around 17 percent of which went to the Middle East. Thanks to its geographical location, Turkey is the ideal market place and trade-fair location for these regions.
Just a week after logitrans is China International Transportation and Logistics Expo (CITLE), which takes place from November 26 to 28, 2015 in Chengdu. Messe München is expanding its international portfolio as part of a cooperation with CCTA, one of China´s most important logistics associations. This strengthens both CITLE and transport logistic China in Shanghai. These two fairs will now be held in alternate years.
transport logistic is expanding to India. As part of a cooperation agreement, Messe München will for the first time be involved in CTL—Cargo Transport Logistics 2016, the 9th international congress with accompanying exhibition for the logistics sector. "CTL in co-operation with transport logistic" takes place on February 18 and 19, 2016 in Mumbai.
India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The Indian logistics market, however, is only at the beginning of its development. With a population of over 1.3 billion in India, the transport and logistics sector is facing huge demands. Stable logistics chains are urgently needed.
Most potential is seen in the pharmaceuticals industry, in mining and in the electrical and automobile industries, in all of which there will be increasing demand for logistics services. For the European customers of transport logistic, "CTL in co-operation with transport logistic" is paving the way for early entry into this growth market.
Between June 14 and 16, 2016, decision-makers in Asia will be meeting up at transport logistic China in Shanghai. On show here will be the entire spectrum of products, technologies and services for the logistics sector. For the first time transport logistic China will also be accompanied by "PeriLog—fresh logistics Asia". As a continuation of the conference in Istanbul, there will also be a dedicated exhibition section. The logistics market for fresh, frozen and perishable goods and foodstuffs is growing fast, not only in China, but in the whole of Asia. In the coming years the cool-chain market in Asia is expected to expand by up to 50 percent. The demand is arising both in the supply of own markets and in the growing export market for perishable goods. It is estimated that at the current time around 30 percent of all temperature-sensitive goods in China have to be destroyed because of a lack of appropriate infrastructure. transport logistic China offers top-quality solutions for these challenges.
Air Cargo China will be held as a "fair within a fair". Specifically targeted at the needs of the air freight market in the dynamic Asian region, it is also flanked by a conference focusing on international and regional aspects.
In 2017 the wheel comes full circle. Because that´s when transport logistic and Air Cargo Europe take place again in Munich—from May 9 to 12.
Pictures can be found at http://www.transportlogistic.de/en/Press/videos-photos and on the respective shows' websites.


text:
JSW Youth Cup is an Indian association football tournament for residential academies held  in Bellary and organised by Bengaluru Football Club annually. The tournament was first started in 2022.

Bengaluru FC  Club had announced that the 1st edition of the JSW Youth Cup football tournament was going to be held from third week of March.

Winners

References

Football cup competitions in India
Youth football competitions
Youth football in India
2022 establishments in India
Recurring sporting events established in 2022