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Home Politics Solar panel law in Spain could cost thousands of independent energy producers...
Solar panel law in Spain could cost thousands of independent energy producers millions in fines
Green groups fight back against 'crazy' solar panel law that threatens €60 million fines and worsens climate change
Iona Napier
GREEN groups are fighting a drastic new law that could see thousands of expat solar panel owners facing millions in fines.
Any owners who have failed to register their photovoltaic (PV) installations and connect to the national grid by this week are facing fines of up to €60million, claims Greenpeace.
The new law that was passed in October last year, makes producing your own photovoltaic electricity entirely unprofitable.
Under draconian rules, government inspectors have now been given the right to break into homes to check panels are registered and properly connected.
A Greenpeace petition with more than 60,000 signatures against the 'impractical and indefensible' fines has so far been completely ignored by the PP government.
"Rajoy's government is protecting the interests of Iberdrola and other big electricity companies, obstructing democracy and refusing to combat climate change," Greenpeace campaign manager Sara Pizzinato told the Olive Press.
"Every party except the PP has now rejected it so we are hoping for a new government that will allow self-sufficient consumption to grow," she added.
The hefty sun tax has been very damaging to Spain's green economy.
John Wolfendale, CEO of green building firm Eco Vida Homes, claims solar panels are now becoming too expensive and too risky to use.
"It's barely worth it anymore and a real backwards step for Spain," he explained.
"It is becoming common for clients to refuse panels because of they are worried about these completely crazy taxes and laws."
A spokesman for the government's Department of Industry said: "Solar panel owners with non-regulation systems will be fined, it's as simple as going over 120km per hour on the motorway."
About Iona Napier
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Peter 16 Apr, 2016 @ 11:02 at 11:02
Madness. This country is led by the scum of the earth. They are incompetent and corrupted to the core.
matilda kennrad troughton 16 Apr, 2016 @ 21:35 at 21:35
Maybe if Spain provided a decent affordable install of electricity there wouldn't be a need for solar power! I deal with loads of client who don't have the luxury of mains and they have no choice. These clients bring thousands of € into the local economy and
shouldn't be up against this ridiculous law!!!
Tanya Stevens 16 Apr, 2016 @ 22:11 at 22:11
This is not for people who are only on solar, its for those also attached to the grid.
M Shaw 17 Apr, 2016 @ 10:50 at 10:50
I am not connected to the grid as I am in the campo. Does this also mean I have to register???
stefanjo 17 Apr, 2016 @ 11:36 at 11:36
Good question Mr. Shaw. The last (arrogant) paragraph in this report would seem to make it mandatory to be connected to the grid, in order to legally use solar panels.
Suppose that it is impossible to do so? Does that mean one is compelled to use a generator or even a wind turbine? Or would ANY alternative generation be subject to this vicious, corrupt new proposal?
Phyl Swallow 17 Apr, 2016 @ 19:48 at 19:48
I have solar panels and I am connected to the grid. This is just for heating water. I did not realise any of this was going on.
chas 17 Apr, 2016 @ 21:07 at 21:07
If the solar panels are for water heating – a panel, cylinder or tubes with water running through, there is no problem even if there is an electric pump. But if electricity is generated – as opposed to just heating water – then there is a problem.
From the point of view of Spanish electrical monopolies, there are two reasons why electricity generating panels shouldn't be can't be connected to the grid unless done by their own company technicians:
1- Spanish electric companies are powerful monopoly controlled by especially PP interests, and they want to maintain profits for themselves and the sub-contracors who supply and install panels and controllers;
2 – incorrect connection by consumers can cause fluctuations in the grid and problems further down stream.
Of course, the electric monopolies/political interests use 2 – to justify 1- in order to raise their profits. Several years ago I considered going completely off the grid, which I believe is still possible, but the monopoly supplied equipment to cost twice what I would pay elsewhere. The same goes for wind generators.
James 17 Apr, 2016 @ 21:17 at 21:17
All the negative articles like this in the press recently, and attention grabbing headlines are just plain misleading and irresponsible. This is not news. The law was passed 6 months ago and the time allowed for existing grid-tie systems to conform to the new requirements (6 months) is now up. The majority of existing systems were not registered by their owners, as a form of civil disobedience, and also because a change of government and therefore repeal of the law is very likely. Also, the actual costs imposed on registered systems are not very high for typical household sized systems (<50€/year). I wonder if the author of this article even bothered to read the RD900/2015??
Do you realise how outrageous, is the idea of paying a Government for the light that falls from the sun?
What next, a meter fixed to all cojones to collect a "small "tax on use?
Yes, I realise the idea of paying for a free resource is sickening and I absolutely disagree with the tax and the law, and find it incredible they passed it! However, I also disagree with the type of reporting that goes on that does not explain the facts and makes the situation worse. The truth is that solar installations can be profitable for many consumers, despite the tax and paperwork. The government have made some really bad and uninformed decisions which have had a negative effect on the solar industry, but articles like this are scaremongering and only serve to make the situation worse. Maybe next they will tax people who grow their own food…
Arnez 18 Apr, 2016 @ 02:07 at 02:07
stefanjo, had to smile. You do realize how outrageous it is that being a expat resident in Spain you cannot even vote in their general election. What was that famous statement you made:
"Those without a vote are irrelevant, have no power and are just blowing in the wind".
For someone that doesn't like leaving a tip a proposed yearly €50 payment must be devastating. That old saying comes to mind "You reap what you sow".
gary 18 Apr, 2016 @ 09:07 at 09:07
such a backward country run by backward people……..in the dark ages and aware of it too…
Wolfgang 19 Apr, 2016 @ 00:46 at 00:46
Haha, "It's as simple as going over 120 km per hour on the motorway". From my German perspective I may agree:We go much above 120 km per hour and we heavily use private green power which sends our powermonopolies into deep depression, as they are forced by German law to take any amount of private solar and wind energy onto their grid which sun and wind are able to produce and they have to pay some 11 Eurocents per kwh to the private owner, while private consumption of self produced green energy is totally free of charge.
stuart crawford 19 Apr, 2016 @ 10:40 at 10:40
It seems to be the same in France. If you apply to build a house and EDF finds it too expensive to connect you to the grid, your application will be turned down, so no freedom of choice when big business objects. Does the EU protect your right to choose – don't make me laugh.
Southern Spain is a natural for renewables, that was the main reason for me to move to there to build alt. energy houses. Before I knew that the Schools of Architecture had total control on what was built, not from a quality point of view but to protect their awful building 'standards' and the profits of 'developers'.
The cost of P/V has fallen dramatically and withing a few years output will rise at least 40%. So it's perfectly possible to create enough electricity to not need to be connected to the grid, especially if a house is built using the right materials and jettisoning wasteful and unnecessary appliances like dishwashers and tumble driers, use LED lights and solar heated hot water. Biggest energy guzzlers – stupid upright fridges and freezers, instead of 5 * chest freezers, our big Liebherr uses just 69-72W, whereas our upright small fridge uses 150W. and building properly designed larders, negating the need for a fridge.
Two reasons to go independent – no rip-off standing charges from utilities and control of electricity which is vital for a modern life. I think that in northern Europe viability with today's efficiency ratings is debateable but in southern Spain, Italy, Portugal it's a no brainer if it was'nt for the political whores who must obey the dictats of their masters – big business.
In Asturias the Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Asturias – COAA is the main culprit. The U of Oviedo's Department of Energy in the old School of Mines started an insulation program in the universities at both Gijon and Oviedo, but CA level political factions and the COAA lobbied against it, forcing the Uni to dismantle its solar panels operating their test laboratory. The Department of Energy director told me the main problem was the COAA, which controls applied standards through municipal tecnicos and to a lessor degree, architects. Because project approval is applied at the municipal level, local political economic interests are added into interests of the COAA, making design and material technology processes subject to both COAA control and corrupt local notables.
Many architects – in Asturias, at least – want to do sustainable projects, but are stymied by the COAA, which is controlled by cement and brick manufacturing interests, and-or municipal councils influenced by corrupt local interests. If they are on the wrong side of COAA policy, they cease getting project approval, ending their practices.
This was borne out by a past Director General de Ordenación del Territorio y Urbanismo, now returned to U Don Carlos III in Madrid, who tried for years to change construction standards to sustainable technologies, but could not get past COAA. I worked with him and a Spanish architect trained in Canada and the USA providing his office technical information and new standards. All was rejected by a COAA top official, who referred to panel technologies as 'gaseosa'.
The COAA's powers go back to the Middle Ages – they were originally the 'fuero', i.e., association, which negotiated a percentage of costs to spread out among the stone masons, drayage, etc., and kept track of amounts os materials, that is, functioned as quantity surveyors. Current architects will tell you that the modern version of the medieval quantity surveyor, the aparejador, has much more power than do the architects because they can veto any project if the percentages aren't 'spread around' to their and the junta's liking. Indeed, its often the 'tecnico' implicated in bribe and collusion cases throughout Spain. This will not change until there is structural change at the national level to curtail this atavistic medieval guild.
In my own sustainable project I had the support of Director General de Ordenación, the Alcalde and the U of Oviedo, but the aparejadores were instructed by the COAA not to pass favorably on the project.
The Director of Ordenacion for Asturias also support our proposed wind turbine, but then the government changed to the PP/Foro coalition, and we dropped it as we didn't have the stomach for any more wind mill jousting.
Spain, like a lot of southern Europe has never really advanced from the days of the conquistadores, even talking with techies that's where they are stuck.
I like what Joni said in her brilliant 'Blue' LP – (Europe) so old and cold and settled in it's ways – y esta.
Shane Kennedys 24 Apr, 2016 @ 22:10 at 22:10
As simple as … except that the ban is illegal. Not in the public interest. An intrusion on human rights and the home
Andy Barthen 16 Aug, 2016 @ 18:12 at 18:12
I have lived all over the world and never have I seen outrageous bills from Endesa. Going off grid and using a small wind turbine and solar panels is a choice I have to make to survive here. I have a strong feeling if I pay the tax they have invented for their usage I will still pay less than the incredible bills for electricity I get. Does anyone know of a company that can install a small wind turbine in my garden which sits on top of hill and gets wind from the sea. My property is 2,000 square meters so it cannot be too big. There was a company in Ronda that supplied these things but I have lost track of it. Andy
James Burrow 5 Oct, 2016 @ 21:06 at 21:06
I just don't get it. We bought a fully off-grid, solar-powered house with 11,000 sq. m of land to start a small glamping site in Nov 2014. Since then, I've poured over €40,000 into the business, benefitting local tradesmen and builder's merchants. But I simply can't understand the way this naturally blessed country is run!
I was improving the appearance of an 80m long, concrete block wall along the front of our property back in the summer. It was a real eyesore, with ripped green canvas screening wired up above the bare blocks. I was covering it with white capa fina (Marmolina) and bamboo screening, in place of the ripped canvas.
The Town Hall secretary was taking his usual evening walk past our house with his wife. We waved and smiled at each other, but then he walked over and said that he didn't recall seeing my 'authorisation' to do it! I asked, somewhat surprised, "do I need authorisation to improve the appearance of my wall?". Yes, he replied. Amazed, U told him I'd go to the Town Hall the next morning, which I did. However, after telling a neighbour the story, he said they were old friends from school and he'd have a word with him. This he did and he hasn't bothered us since!
I'm just disappointed that unless you're long life friends with politicians here, or are prepared to pay hefty bribes (we've heard many stories), it seems you can't do a thing!
We actually came here for a fresh start as we came up against the same situation with corrupt councils in central Southern England, which prevented us from doing anything with a piece of land, but charged us £300 for 'pre-planning application advice'!
When I drive around our area (Granada Province) and see some of the shit that's been thrown up in an unfinished state, it just makes me despair.
We live near a beautiful lake where our Town Hall built a smart, contemporary kayak rental facility – 3 years ago and it's still not open because they're waiting for permission from Granada! It seems to be a country run by corrupt morons who just can't see the potential rural tourism they have right under their noses.
Does anyone know of any decent country on this planet which is run by honest, sensible people who put the interests of the planet, the environment and their own people above their own greed? I very much doubt it.
Phil 5 Oct, 2016 @ 23:40 at 23:40
If there is a country like you say, it 'aint Spain that's for sure…
Imre 5 Nov, 2016 @ 08:32 at 08:32
James, a country like that maybe Costa Rica. But I don't have first hand experience, just read a lot about what they do (and do it well). Sorry to hear about your troubles. I am embarking on a solar roof installation and gathering info at the moment. Hopefully I will have a little luck here in Southern Spain
Patrick Mearns 6 Oct, 2016 @ 10:15 at 10:15
Life has its frustrations . . . . . . wherever one may find oneself in Europe. The Duke of Wellington certainly found Spain hugely frustrating. I am not convinced by many of the comments here – are the UK's antics with energy any less bizarre ? Is the matter of corruption in the UK a lesser issue than in Spain ? No, it is as endemic as it is here, and indeed throughout Europe. It's simply different.
Living outside one's country, wherever this may be, and unless one has "gone native" ( a Boris Johnson ), naturally gives rise to a degree of vulnerability. Arriving here when it was still believed that Europe Ends At The Pyrenees, ( ok, go ahead and ask my age) the transformation of Spain is a remarkable story, it's potential still not realised. Just a matter of living with our decisions, goo or bad.
chas 6 Oct, 2016 @ 12:19 at 12:19
Spain's corruption is worse according to both studies and anecdotal evidence, especially at the municipal level where land, construction and permits are concerned.
Mike 13 Oct, 2016 @ 15:10 at 15:10
I am looking to install a small, probably off grid system 2kw 6 panels, owing to space difficulties. Off grid for the simplicity, but they are more expensive. Just need to run fridge/freezer as i am away a lot.
As it is off grid, do I need to register?
Would it worthwhile Tieing it into the grid, is there still benefit – FIT etc.
SteveMc 26 Oct, 2016 @ 16:54 at 16:54
Hi We had panels installed a few years ago when the net metering scheme was about to be passed. Of course that didn't work out. We have panels for hot water which work well and for electricity which are ineffective (we have two small batteries, which don't work) we are also connected to the grid. We have been trying to work out what to do with our panels and were considering hooking them up to the grid to at least get some kind of feed in tariff – after reading this we are now concerned we will fall foul of the law and could be fined. Could anybody please tell me where I can find definitive information so that we can avoid fines and secondly ideally put our panels to good use. Thanks
Mark 4 Mar, 2019 @ 11:07 at 11:07
What is the current situation of the solar laws in Spain?
Am I allowed to own solar panels?
Am I allowed to look at them?
Am I allowed to use them?
Am I allowed to connect them to my pump in the well?
Am I allowed to connect the inverter to the grid to only draw electricity from it if my solar panels and batteries do not supply enough electricity?
I guess the electricity companies' argument for all the ridiculous laws are that they state they have a supply obligation by law and that when all solar panel owners suddenly would stop using them they would not be able to meet this obligation. It's the same as with banks and bank account holders: when all bank account holders would take out their money the bank would not be able to do this. But is it likely? NO.
Anyway: I cannot find anything on the internet what the current situation is here in Spain / Mallorca.
Location : Inca, Mallorca
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Vietnam's popularity with holidaymakers grows
Vietnam has the human capital to leap forward in its development.
Natalie Paris, Travel writer
5 September 2014 • 12:00am
Post Office Travel Money has revealed that the dong is one of its fastest growing currencies, thanks to competitively-priced holiday packages and an eight per cent year-on-year rise in sterling's value.
Sales of Vietnamese dong grew 33 per cent this summer, when compared with the June to August period last year.
Thanks to the World Cup, it was the demand for reals – Brazil's currency - that increased the most, by 215 per cent, compared to sales of the currency in summer 2013.
The emergence of Vietnam as a major tourist destination has also been recognised by tour operators.
Hayes and Jarvis found it continuing to be one of its fastest growing destinations. "Hoi An, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City are all proving a popular choice," Verity Rice, Asia manager, said, "with a 12 per cent increase in bookings compared to this time last year."
Today's report also noted that the powerful pound has driven interest from holidaymakers in Eastern Europe. The Post Office recorded a 26 per cent year-on-year rise in sales of the Hungarian forint. Sterling is also more than 13 per cent stronger this year against the forint, a sign that bodes well for any considering an autumn city break to Budapest.
Other countries where sales of the local currency soared this summer included Trinidad and Tobago (up 21 per cent), Jamaica (19 per cent), Croatia (up 13 per cent), and the USA (up 12 per cent).
Andrew Brown of Post Office Travel Money said: "In a tough year for the travel industry, it may be no coincidence that destinations which made the biggest currency sales gains during the summer - among them Jamaica, the USA and Hungary - have also seen a surge in sterling's value.
"This suggests holidaymakers are becoming increasingly canny and doing their homework to see where exchange rates are favourable and living costs are low as well as looking for keenly-priced packages before booking."
He went on: "Looking ahead, sterling's continuing strength suggests that European short breaks could be popular this autumn - particularly to cities like Budapest with a reputation for value."
Earlier this year, Budapest was rated the cheapest city break destination by the Post Office, for the second year running.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Annotated Volcanoes: Let's Explore Argentina's Ancient Cerro el Condor ... From Space!
The Andes are a great place to see well-preserved volcanic features from space.
Planet Labs/CC BY-SA 4.0
So, I've begun to build a little collection of volcano images taken by Planet Labs' fleet of doves that look down on Earth's surface. With this ammunition, I thought I'd start a series of annotated images of volcanoes, starting with this gorgeous image of Cerro el Condor in Argentina (above).
The high Andes of Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia are a magical place for volcanologists. The arid climate means that volcanic features are preserved for millions of years in nearly showroom condition. You can look no further than my PhD volcano, Aucanquilcha, where the lava flows are likely up to a million years old but look like some flows in other parts of the world that occurred only a few years ago.
Cerro el Condor is in the same category as Aucanquilcha, but with many more lava flows. In this image, I've marked some of the more prominent flows that erupted from at least three summit vents and at least three parasitic vents on the flanks of the volcano. These flows can be long, upwards of 10 kilometers in some cases, ending in a broad lava delta. Other flows are shorter and stubbier, with steep fronts.
This different morphology of lava flows likely reflects differences in composition, where the long flows are from more mafic lava flows that are lower viscosity, so they run out further and create flow levees on their edges. The stubbier flows are more felsic lava that have a higher viscosity, oozing out like toothpaste to create nearly domelike flows.
Many of these flows help fill up an old ~2.5 kilometer-wide caldera in which the modern Cerro el Condor resides. That caldera can still be seen in a couple places to the north (top) and middle of the image.
From the looks of these flows, you might guess some could be very young. In the upper righthand quadrant of the image I marked a sequence of flows, from the youngest, darkest flow at the summit to the oldest and furthest from the summit. That young flow hasn't been dated, but likely erupted in the last 10,000 years ... and that's all we know because no eruption has ever been observed at Cerro el Condor.
Welcome to Eruptions, a blog about all things volcanic. Eruption is written and maintained by Erik Klemetti, an assistant professor of Geosciences at Denison University. His passion in geology is volcanoes, and he has studied them all over the world. You can follow Erik on Twitter, where you'll get volcano... Read more
TopicsArgentinaChilePlanet Labssatellite imagesvolcanoes
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A Guide for Interpreting Historical Materials
Emery Boose, Information Manager at Harvard Forest, co-authored Scholastic Sanskrit: A Manual for Students. This volume gives a complete introduction to the techniques and procedures of Sanskrit commentaries, including detailed information on the overall structure of running commentaries, the standard formulas of analysis of complex grammatical forms, and the most important elements of commentarial style.
Bird Populations Respond to Climate Change, Land Use and Winter Feeding
Rosemary Balfour completed her Masters of Liberal Arts degree at Harvard in June working with thesis advisors David Foster and Wayne Petersen of the Massachusetts Audubon Society. Rosemary's study utilized Christmas Bird Count data to examine the long-term trends in the abundance and composition of the bird populations that overwinter across the inland regions of Massachusetts. Her research concluded that
The Connecticut River Boating Guide: Source to Sea
Elizabeth Farnsworth (Bullard Fellow, 2005-6) has published The Connecticut River Boating Guide: Source to Sea, with co-authors, John and Wendy Sinton. The Bullard Fellowship supported much of the research and writing for this book. For all those who enjoy appreciating and recreating on New Englands largest river, this guide is
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In many headwater streams in stony north-central Massachusetts, much of the water flows below the surface of the ground instead of in an open channel. Harvard Forest researchers, including summer students working through the NSF-funded Summer Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Program, compared water temperatures, chemistry, and aquatic life in surface and subsurface-flowing sections of Bigelow Brook-west, a small, hemlock-dominated
Bob Marshall's Research Plots Recovered and Resampled
In the summer of 1924, Bob Marshall, future founder of the Wilderness Society and career forester and ecologist for the U.S. Forest Service and Department of Indian Affairs came to Petersham to join four other graduate students for studies with Professor Richard Fisher and instructors Albert Cline and Rupe Gast. The group developed a large new experiment on


text:
Schneider Electric takes controling stake in Aveva
Published: Sept. 5, 2017 at 3:20 a.m. ET
Ben Dummett
French industrial group Schneider Electric SE has agreed to take control of British engineering software provider Aveva Group PLC, expanding the global reach of the technology offerings of the two operators.
Under the deal, announced in a joint statement Tuesday, Schneider will fold its software assets into Aveva's operations and pay the U.K. company more than GBP550 million ($710.4 million) in exchange for a 60% stake in the combined entity, in a so-called reverse takeover. Aveva would also distribute GBP100 million to shareholders following the deal's completion.
Aveva, with a current market value of about GBP1.2 billion, would maintain its listing on the London Stock Exchange and remain headquartered in Cambridge, U.K.
Schneider has already targeted U.K. software companies in the past to bolster its industrial software business. In 2013, it agreed to acquire Invensys PLC for GBP3.31 billion to better compete against rivals such as Siemens AG, Mitsubishi Electric Corp. and Rockwell Automation Inc. The combination would offer it opportunities to cut costs and access new customers.
"Through increased scale and complementary footprint the transaction will generate synergies that will benefit customers and shareholders alike," said Jean-Pascal Tricoire, Schneider's chief executive.
Spun out of Cambridge University in 1967, Aveva provides engineering software to owners, operators and engineering contractors that operate in the power, oil-and-gas, marine and paper and pulp sectors, among others. It employs more than 1,700 people across 30 countries. Its other main markets include power, petrochemical and chemicals.
The deal comes at a time when Aveva is trying to reduce it reliance on the slowing oil-and-gas and marine markets. For the year ended March 31, Aveva boosted revenue by 7% to GBP215.8 million from the prior year, benefiting in part from currency moves. Discounting that, revenue was down 3.8%.
Schneider's software is used to help manage manufacturing processes, design tools and train plant crews. It services an array of industries ranging from transportation to its largest market of food and beverages and pharmaceuticals, which generated about 16% of the company's annual software revenue.
The combination will also give Aveva greater access to the U.S. market, where Schneider's software business generates almost half of its annual sales. Aveva generates the bulk of its revenue in Europe, the Middle East and Asia.
"Aveva will significantly expand its scale and product portfolio, increase its capabilities in the owner operator market, diversify its end user markets and increase its geographic exposure to the North American market," said Aveva Chairman Philip Aiken.
The planned transaction is similar to the structure of the companies' previous attempt to merge their industrial software businesses in July 2015. Then, Schneider had agreed to combine its software assets with those of Aveva and pay GBP550 million in exchange for a 53.5% stake in the enlarged group. However, the deal collapsed after the two sides couldn't agree on final terms.
Write to Ben Dummett at ben.dummett@wsj.com and Nick Kostov at Nick.Kostov@wsj.com
South Africa study shows boosters failed to block omicron, bolstering case for face masks, distancing and hand washing
A study of some of the first breakthrough cases of COVID-19 caused by the highly infectious omicron variant found that booster shots of the mRNA vaccines failed to block that strain, although the infections involved only mild or moderate symptoms, confirming they are effective in preventing serious illness and death.
Intel confirms plan to spend more than $20 billion to build chip 'mega-site' in Ohio
Barron's: Tech Stocks Are Getting Slammed Yet Again. Why Apple, Microsoft, Tesla, and 10 Others Can Rise.


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Q: how call REST service with path variable in webmethod? I'm using WM9.8. I want to know how to call a GET REST service with path variable like:
http://localhost:8080/client/1 in webmethod.
I can call POST rest service using pub.client.http. But it dosen't work to GET.

A: Use String varible called "method" to set type of Http request method.

A: Just put the path variable in the URL and made a substitution to the path variable
e.g: http://localhost:8080/client/%yourPathVariableHere%

A: Holy cow this is an old question but I just tumbled across it and I thought I might helps somebody else who does.
URLs in webmethods are fixed to a single value, like /client unless you enable watt.server.url.alias.partialMatching=true
After that, you can simply alias a service to /client and all subURLs like /client/1 are sent to that service.  You still have to parse them to get the ID out.
Be careful, though, because ALL sub URLs are sent to the service.  So after enabling this flag I get /client, /client/1, /client/1/name all going to the same service.  You can see how this can quickly become REST-unfriendly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Since 2007 – Attending classes with the jeweler Esther Knobel.
2010 – present - Guiding artists group for art exhibition in Ashdod museum (Korin mamman), Ashdod, Israel.
2011 – Assistant curator in Ashdod museum (Korin mamman), Ashdod, Israel.


That said, if you followed the program below, and worked to develop these habits, you'd probably do pretty well.
I put this first because I think it's the keystone habit that will help you form the other important habits. Sure, positive thinking by itself won't lead to success, but it certainly goes a long way to motivate you to do the other things required.
I learned this when I quit smoking — when I allowed myself to think negative thoughts, I would end up failing. But when I learned how to squash negative thoughts and think positive ones instead, I succeeded. This discovery lead to me practicing this over and over, until I was able to form just about any habit I needed. It's been invaluable to me, and I think it could be to most people.
Focus on this habit first, and you'll have a much easier time with any of the others. Start by becoming more aware of your negative self-talk — do a little tally sheet throughout the day, marking a tally each time you notice a negative thought. Soon you'll recognize them, and you can squash them.
It makes you feel better about yourself, and more confident. That leads to better success with other positive changes.
It reinforces the positive thinking habit — you need to think positive in order to sustain exercise.
It relieves stress and gives you time to think — this leads to better mental well-being in your life overall.
It helps with creativity. Don't ask me to prove it, except to say that my best ideas and brainstorming sessions come from when I exercise.
You'll be more effective with your tasks and get more done. It's hard to achieve important things if you're constantly switching tasks and distracted by other "urgent" things.
You'll be less stressed overall and (in my experience) happier throughout your day.
Just as focusing on one task at a time is more effective, and focusing on one habit at a time is more effect, so is focusing on one goal at a time. While it might seem very difficult, focusing on one goal at a time is the most powerful way of achieving your goals. When you try to take on many goals at once, you're spreading thin your focus and energy — the two critical components for achieving a goal.
What if you have 5 goals you want to achieve? Pick one to focus on first. Break it into a mini-goal you can accomplish this month, if it's a longer-term goal. Pick an action you can do today. Keep doing this until the goal is accomplished — do an action every day, finish the mini-goal, pick the next mini-goal to work on. Then, when your One Goal is completed, focus on the next goal.
Some goals are ongoing ones — like blogging every day, or exercising every day. In those cases, turn them into habits — focus exclusively on turning the goal into a habit, until the habit is ingrained. Then focus on the next goal.
First, identify the essential — the things in your life that are most important to you, that you love the most. Then eliminate everything else. This simplifies things and leaves you with the space to focus on the essential. This process works with anything — with your life in general, with work projects and tasks, with emails and other communication.
This will change your life because it will help you to simplify, to focus on what's important, and to build the life you want.
Yes, kindness is a habit. And it can be cultivated. Focus on it every day for a month and you'll see profound changes in your life. You'll feel better about yourself as a person. You'll see people react to you differently and treat you better, over the long run. It's karma.
How do you develop the kindness habit? First, make it a goal to do something kind for someone each day. At the beginning of the day, figure out what that kind act will be and then do it during the day. Second, each time you interact with someone, try to be kind, be friendly, be compassionate. Third, try to go beyond small kindnesses to larger acts of compassion, volunteering to help those in need and taking the initiative to relieve suffering.
It's so simple, but creating a daily routine for yourself can make a big difference in your life. The best routines, I've found, come at the start and end of the day — both your workday and your day in general. That means, develop a routine for when you awake, for when you first start working, for when you finish your workday, and for the end of your evening.
How will that change your life? It will help you get a great start to your day, and finish your day by preparing for the next day. It'll help you firmly root the productive habits you want to firm in your everyday life. It'll help you focus on what's important, not just what comes up. It'll help you make sure you get done all the things you really want to make sure gets done everyday. And that can mean a lot.


This text is an introduction to mobile app development, providing instruction in the basic skills to develop both Android and iPhone/iPad apps. It covers app creation through publication on both platforms. The authors believe the only way to learn a technology is to use it, so the book is structured as a series of tutorials that provide hands-on, step-by-step instruction. Edition 2.0 is completely revised and updated to cover Android Studio and Swift. It introduces AutoLayout for managing layout of iOS apps. The new edition is updated with additional examples to reflect changes to the mobile development landscape over the last three years.


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2 Girls & A Book is proud to present Kristin Clark's The Chosen Blog Tour. We love helping new authors spread the word about their books. Kristin is a talented author from Anchor Group Publishing. The Chosen is her first published novel.
Kristin is a country girl from Texas who grew up in Maryland and has a love for coffee, photography, movies, music and good books. She currently lives in a small town in Maryland with her three beautiful daughters and spoiled rotten dog. She holds a degree in Paralegal Studies and has been a Paralegal for seven years. She is currently pursuing her degree in Healthcare Management at University of Maryland. An avid sports fan, Kristin sticks by her favorite teams, the Oriole's, Redskins, and the Caps. She is an avid reader who considers herself old school, preferring a paperback over e-book version. As a Pisces with a passion for writing, she loves to escape reality and dive into her characters world. The Chosen is her first novel in The Chosen Trilogy published by Anchor Group and she has several other novels in progress.
The fairytales are true. Witches and warlocks are not just lore. And you hold the power to prevent evil and darkness from controlling the world. You are The Chosen One.
Meet Chloe, your average high school senior just trying to navigate through school and escape small town life. Then on her eighteenth birthday everything changes. Suddenly she looks a little different. Her reflexes have quickened. She meets a mysterious guy in the school parking lot and instantly feels a connection to him. Oddest of all, she swears she sees a man watching her from the woods while in class. Nathan, Heather, Sean, and Olivia are like Chloe. Their lives all changed when they turned eighteen. From them Chloe learns that they all have special powers and are descendants from the Originals. She is the Chosen and possess powers of the elements. Nathan can hear other people's thoughts. Heather can bind the will of those around her. Sean can turn into any animal and Olivia can see their future. There is one additional member of the Descendants, Ethan, who is the guardian/protector of The Chosen One. The villain of this tale, Aden, has kidnapped Ethan in order to get to Chloe and the others. Aden's goal is to destroy them and take their power. Chloe and the others must use their gifts to track, locate and free Ethan all while learning where their ancestors came from and why after centuries is the Originals bloodline needed again.
For the author's debut novel, this reviewer thinks she knocked it out of the park. I was swept up in the first paragraph of the prologue. Kristin Clark took me on a journey with Chloe. Her depiction came alive and danced in my head. I absolutely look forward to reading future works by the very talented Kristin Clark.
This book! It starts with a character I can relate to so much! Strange things start to happen for Chloe, but will she be able to figure it out in time? Will she make the right choices? Will her heart lead her and her friends in the right direction? I loved this story! But man talk about your cliff hanger! My heart is aching for the next addition to this series! Cannot wait to find out what happens!!
Drake got up from the table and walked over to me, putting my face between his hands as he always did. I looked sternly into his eyes.
"Chloe, I love you more than life itself. I will do everything in my power to get your life back to normal, but you have to trust me. I can't tell you just yet. It is better this way, I promise. I will leave you alone so you can try to gather back some of your normal life again. There is no place for me in your world. I want you to be happy and safe. I promise I will make it better for you from a distance. This will all be over soon, and then you can get on with your normal, teenage life." He was adamant; I could see that. I didn't want to let him go, but I couldn't handle anymore than I already had.
"Why can't you just tell me what you know? How can you say you love me but want to leave? I want you – all of you. Please don't do this. We belong together. I know it, and you know it." I was crying on the outside and screaming on the inside. Why wouldn't he fight for me?
"You deserve so much more than I can give you right now. Please don't make this any harder than it already is." Drake wouldn't look at me in the eyes anymore.
I knew him well enough to know that meant he didn't want this. It was hurting him and killing me. I did have feelings for Ethan, but they didn't compare to the burning flame that was inside of me for Drake.
"Look at me, please. We can make this work; I know we can. When this is all over, we can be together and be a normal couple." I grabbed his face and pulled it toward me. "Promise me you'll come back for me. I don't care what it is you have to go and do, just promise me, Drake. Say you'll come back." I couldn't talk behind the tears anymore. I closed my eyes and prayed through all the tears. He kissed me on my forehead and lifted me up to face him.
"I won't let you die for me." I watched his expression change from pure menace to upset and slowly back to the kind, caring Drake I had known.
"It has to be this way. Please just stay here where you are safe. Don't go out there and do anything that could get you killed. I promise it will be over soon." He kissed me.
With that kiss, we said good-bye. I memorized his face and burned it into my memory. I felt that would be the last I saw of him. The feeling in my heart told me so, but it wasn't him that wasn't coming back; it was me.


text:
Veranation
Music Journalism + Global Culture
Music Entertainment Communication
Gypsy & Me
From North Carolina to South America and everywhere in between, Gypsy & Me are the perfect traveling companions and musical missionaries. These civil souls are always "grateful for the opportunity to share [their] story". They hope that their passion in music and life and resonate with their listeners. I met these two at one of the best Low-County venues….
Post author By Abby Duran
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Abby Duran March 24, 2018
From North Carolina to South America and everywhere in between, Gypsy & Me are the perfect traveling companions and musical missionaries. These civil souls are always "grateful for the opportunity to share [their] story". They hope that their passion in life resonates with their listeners.
Mike Moore and Kyzandrha Zàrate have an array of talents that may start with a guitar and few vocals but end with a lifetime experience. They use the sounds of train tracks and airport noises to capture their lyrics for the ultimate musical essence. And although they have settled in North Carolina, it's very unmistakable that the world captures their home and hearts too.
Before teaming up, Moore had written a song titled "Gypsy in Me" so when it came time to think of a band name, "it perfectly suited us and is a conversation starter," Zàrate adds.
They rang in the New Year with a new album, Road Sweet Home, "a soundtrack about life on the road as well as a shift from conventionalism to simplistic living with a focus on what's most important in life."
While Moore was traveling the majority of the year for work, together they found balance through songwriting. After settling down in the foothills of North Carolina, their craft developed further; however, not everyone understood this decision.
"This opportunity was placed before us and we took it and ran. While people on the outside may have considered this to be too risky, it felt like destiny. The music began flowing and Road Sweet Home was born."
As global scholars, traveling has a significant impact on their personalities and, of course, their music. For Moore and Zàrate, exploring the coastlines and mountain ranges is where they truly find themselves.
Zàrate recounts that Moore was custom to life on the road before they met. "I had yet to experience seeing these amazing places in person. Once we visited these places together, the spark to experience as much of this world together was lit. When you're hiking the Grand Canyon or at the top of Angel's Landing in Zion, you realize how small you are and how small our problems are in the grand scheme of things. Living full and free is a mindset and one of the greatest achievements in anyone's life."
As with any adventure, challenges take on all shapes yet it's made for some conversation starters. "I've come back to my hotel room in San Francisco to find a girl I didn't know in his room," recalls Moore. "I also lived with monks in California for a few days, watched a couple of guys drinking out of their friend's fake leg at a bar, and saw a tour bus flip in India." It was during these bizarre encounters that Moore met their landlord on a hike in the mountains. "He offered us the opportunity to caretake his land and cabins! Since then, together, we've hiked to the top of a volcano in Antigua, Guatemala where we camped through a thunderstorm and watched the neighboring volcano erupt. Aside from being absolutely amazing, it was one of the most mentally and physically challenging experiences."
The duo now call Brevard home, a gateway to the alluring Blue Ridge Mountains. Zàrate literates that "mountain life has been a breath of fresh air. From the friendly people to simplistic cabin living, our ability to focus on the music has been really great for the mind and soul. We are surrounded by talented musicians and incredible landscape."
Moreover, Zàrate has found a new niche with creativity: jewelry. Moore is an avid collector of stones, fossils, shells and other elements from his travels. In an effort of creative output and self promotion, they can showcase beyond their abilities. "We want to give listeners the ability to take a piece of our experiences home with them," Zàrate adds. Each piece is one-of-a-kind and made by hand.
Their musical palates are centuries vast, encompassing American singer/songwriters. "We share a passion for creative storytelling and a live and learn mindset which makes our music relatable to each and every listener."
Moore adds that "music is a universal language. It can also be very therapeutic." And in that regard, "it's our way to reach people whether they're listening in a bar or listening in the privacy of their home. Our music speaks self revelation." He also notes that don't always grasp the significance of their work until the song is complete.
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or if the current financial obligations that accompany that country club home purchase are important to your choice?
You need knowledgeable agents like Kathy and Seymour Fineman to not only work hard for you, but who know the details about each community and can guide you. Our golf and tennis games may not be great but we'll arrange for you to speak with the pro at each club you're considering, if that's key. You don't need a great golfer to sell you a house in a country club, you need a great country club real estate professional and that is us. Our real estate team is dedicated to helping you find the right home, in the right country club for you, at the best price.
We regularly verify current information, keep country club files for clients and potential buyers to review, and have contacts at each club for our clients to speak with. When you buy a home in a country club, you are also buying the country club and neighborhood. If it's not on the list above, we will find out detailed information.
From our first discussion to determine your requirements to the moment that you receive the keys, we can help you with the complicated process of buying a country club home. Don't hesitate to contact us to find out more about how we can simplify your country club home search and purchase! Plus, don't hesitate to ask questions - nothing is too silly or mundane.
Contact us for more information about buying a home in a country club in Florida.


text:
MUSC 1060 - Music and Culture I
Find audio recordings
Resources to help with research and writing
Video: Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism: From Passage to Paraphrase
Oxford Music Online
Detailed overviews on composers, performers, instruments, genres, and more. Includes Grove Music Online (a.k.a. the New Grove).
RILM Abstracts of Music Literature
Leading source for journal articles, books, book chapters, and other sources on all varieties of music.
Offers streaming access to more than a million tracks of world, folk and pop/rock music with a heavy emphasis on classical music. Download the app from the website to play music on your phone.
Dates of Coverage: Circa 1150 - Current (updated monthly)
URL: https://guides.lib.uoguelph.ca/MUSC1060
Subjects: MUSC - Music


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Bombay High CourtConstitutional LawGujarat High CourtReligion
Add commentMarch 20, 20187 min readby Akshat Agarwal
Written by Akshat Agarwal
The High Court of Bombay in Balchand Lalwant v. Nazneen Qureshi recently held that a Hindu who had converted to Islam, would be considered eligible to succeed to her father's property under the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 ("HSA"). This comes at the heels of another Gujarat High Court decision which had reached a similar conclusion. The key difference however was, that the Gujarat High Court had reached its decision based on the Caste Disabilities Removal Act, 1850 ("CDRA"), which was subsequently repealed as part of the Union Government's drive to repeal obsolete laws. In light of the same, the Bombay High Court tried to reach the same conclusion by employing a different reasoning. Resultantly, while being progressive in terms of ensuring that legal heirs are not denied their right to property upon conversion the judgement stands on a shaky legal footing.
Background to Indian Succession Laws
Legislations such as the HSA, forming part of Hindu personal law reform in the 1950s, utilized a presumption of Hinduism in determining their applicability. Thus while Section 2(1)(a) of the HSA inclusively makes it applicable to all Hindus by religion, Section 2(1)(c) of the HSA exclusively makes it applicable to all those persons who are not Muslim, Christian, Jew or Parsi be religion. Therefore, all persons who do not fall in any of these religious categories are considered Hindu for purposes of application of the HSA. Moreover, by way of an Explanation to Section 2(1) the phrase "hindu by religion" has been defined as including a child, legitimate or illegitimate, both of whose parents are Hindu. The Explanation, therefore, only defines who a Hindu by religion is, with this larger category being circumscribed by the express prohibition that provisions of the HSA will not be applicable to persons who are Muslim, Christian, Jew or Parsi. Thus, provisions of the HSA will not apply to a Hindu was has converted to any of these four religions.
Further, Section 26 of the HSA stipulates that a convert's descendants would be disqualified from succession under the HSA unless they were Hindus (through reconversion) at the time of succession.
In classical Hindu law, a convert to another religion was barred from inheriting property. Hence the CDRA was enacted to remedy the situation. It removed all restrictions in law that prevented converts from inheriting property. The HSA was enacted when the CDRA was already in existence, and legal recognition of the convert's right to inherit had been accorded. Section 26 of the HSA, when seen in this context, in fact limited the scope of the existing exemption granted to converts by disqualifying descendants of the convert from inheriting property unless they had reconverted to Hinduism when the succession opened.
Flaws in the Bombay High Court's Reasoning
The issue before the Bombay High Court was whether a Hindu female who has converted to Islam would under the HSA still be considered a legal heir for purposes of succession to her deceased father's self-acquired property. The Court held that right to succession was a proprietary right that was acquired at birth under the HSA and such a right could not be denied by the mere factum of conversion. Further, it interpreted Section 26 to hold that the legislative intent was to limit the disqualification to the descendants of the convert and not the convert herself. Therefore, if the legislative intent has been to exclude the convert then the same would have been expressly stated.
This reasoning is flawed at two levels. First, the right to succession under the HSA is speculative and is only acquired once the succession opens. Therefore, unlike joint family property which gives every coparcener a right at birth, albeit fluctuating, no such right exists for succession to self-acquired property under the HSA. A right is only acquired when succession opens, i.e. upon the death of the intestate. The absences of any rights are the reason the intestate remains free to give away her property by testamentary disposition to anybody she wishes during her lifetime.
In fact, Section 6(a) of the Transfer of Property Act excludes a transferee from transferring a mere chance of succession i.e. spes successionis since such an heir apparent's mere chance of succeeding does not constitute an interest in property. Therefore, an heir's chances of succeeding to self-acquired property under the HSA are at best speculative and no right to the intestate's property can be said to have been acquired by birth.
Second, the Court held that the legislative intent behind the HSA was to allow the convert to succeed to property. The Court held that the same was evidenced by the fact that Section 26 only disqualified the convert's descendants and not the convert herself. However, to attribute such intent is problematic since the CDRA was in force when the HSA was enacted. Therefore, the convert's right to acquire property pre-existed the HSA and could not have been based in it. As explained above, Section 26 only limited the exemption to disqualify the convert's descendants from inheriting, the exemption itself had already been in existence.
The High Court of Gujarat while concluding that a convert would be entitled to property had primarily relied upon provisions of the CDRA. However, the High Court also tried to base its conclusions independent of the CDRA, by reasoning that Section 2 of the HSA only determined applicability of the enactment in relation to the intestate and not the heirs. Hence, in relation to the heirs all prior disqualifications in Hindu law relating to inheritance, such as the rule that required widows to be chaste to inherit property, were done away with by Section 28 of the HSA that abolishes all existing disqualification unless statutorily recognized. However, the legislative design of the HSA accounts for the religion of the heir. For instance, Section 26, which otherwise disqualifies the heirs of the convert, re-qualifies them if they become Hindus by religion at the time the succession opens. Thus, this line of justification remains unconvincing.
Repeal of the CDRA and the need for Legislative Intervention
Therefore, post the repeal of the CDRA there is no basis for a convert's succession to property under Hindu law since the HSA does not contain any independent basis for recognizing the same. While the Bombay High Court's conclusions are progressive, the tenuousness of the legal reasoning leaves them open to appellate challenge and scrutiny by other High Courts across the country. The repeal of the CDRA has thus taken away a valuable right that converts from Hinduism had thus far enjoyed.
The High Court of Bombay while delivering its judgement observed that recognizing a convert's right to inherit was in keeping with the provisions of Article 25 of the Indian Constitution which guarantees the freedom of religion and conscience. Whether doing so is indeed a constitutionally imperative is a more complex question, but the Bombay High Court's efforts to restore the position that existed prior to the repeal of the CDRA leave much to be desired.
To avoid any future controversy and restore the position that existed prior to the repeal of the CDRA, it would be conducive to appropriately amend the HSA to recognize the covert's right to inheritance under Hindu succession laws.
Akshat Agarwal is graduate of National Law School of India University, Bangalore. He would like to thank Samhita Mehra for her comments on an earlier version of the piece.
Tagged asArticle 25, Caste Disabilities Removal Act, conversion, Hindu Succession Act, Indian Succession Laws, Inheritance, Reconversion, Succession, Transfer of Property Act
Akshat Agarwal
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Stoke City Vs Preston North End Betting: Odds & Predictions
Stoke up City play host to Preston North End on Monday early evening time searching for the triumph that they need to stay inside nearness of the Championship end of the season games.
In the interim, Preston make the excursion to the bet365 Stadium having not played for a considerable length of time, their last installation occurring against Barnsley on December 11.
Best Betting Sites for Stoke City Vs Preston North End
Stoke City Vs Preston North End Betting odds
Stoke City 2.15 2.15 2.19
Preston North End 3.60 3.50 3.58
Stoke City Vs Preston North End Tips & Prediction
Of the relative multitude of apparatuses that they might have played on their re-visitation of activity, Stoke would have been happy with a home experience against lower part of-the-table Derby.
Nonetheless, not exclusively did the Rams demonstrate once more that their position in the standings is a bogus delegate of their structure, their additional sharpness demonstrated significant as they asserted a 2-1 triumph.
While scrutinizing his group's presentation later the match, Michael O'Neill recognized that he trusted their absence of game time had been the definitive element, and there are motivations to feel that was the situation.
By the by, Stoke have now lost three of their last five matches in the Championship, a general return of eight losses from 23 games not the sort of structure expected for a group pushing for the end of the season games.
Only seven goals have been scored in their last eight trips, as well, and O'Neill realizes that is one more part of their game which requires tremendous upgrades.
Later the arrangement of Ryan Lowe, Preston would have expected a predictable run of installations for the fresh introduction to impact his crew.
All things considered, Preston have needed to manage a three-week break from the pitch, two of the three Covid related delays because of cases inside their own crew.
Like their hosts, North End might require some an ideal opportunity to raise back to an acceptable level, yet they essentially recorded a genuinely necessary triumph in Lowe's initial installation at Deepdale on December 11.
Preston beat Barnsley in their previous match this results brought about them going as high as the 15th place in the table they also have three outstanding.
Despite the fact that Preston have the third-most noticeably awful away record in the division, their two away triumphs out and about have come since the beginning of November.
Stoke City neglected to get straight down to business on their re-visitation of activity against Derby, and we feel that the equivalent could happen with Preston on Monday. While a serious game should in any case work out in the Potteries, Stoke's additional sharpness might demonstrate significant.


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Statutory Sexual Assault Charges
Facing Statutory Sexual Assault Allegations in Pennsylvania
When people think of "statutory rape" they often think of a teacher/student situation in which the student is under age. But these types of charges can apply to many types of situations.
Statutory Sexual Assault charges are very serious and, if found guilty and convicted, can put you behind bars for up to 20 years and force you to register as a sex offender for the rest of your life.
No forced assault or rape actually has to occur for a person to be guilty of statutory rape. This is why it can be very confusing to be charged with statutory rape, especially if the younger party consented and was hiding their true age.
If you were charged with statutory rape or if the police have contacted you about such charges, you should contact an attorney immediately to discuss your situation.
Being charged with any crime is scary, but sex crimes convictions have steep punishments and can ruin your future, career, job prospects and reputation.
Sex Crime Attorney Wana Saadzoi has fought and won several high-profile sex crime cases. She is aggressive and experienced and will help you fight your charges and prepare your case for the best possible outcome.
An Arrest is Not a Conviction
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Statutory Rape / Statutory Sexual Assault Definition
Statutory Sexual Assault is defined as having sexual intercourse with a person who is legally unable to consent. This means they are under the age of consent, which in Pennsylvania is age 16.
Unlike Rape charges or Involuntary Deviate Sexual Intercourse, force and lack of consent are not required in order to be charged with Statutory Sexual Assault. Even if the minor consented, it is still considered sexual assault.
According to Pennsylvania's Consolidated Statutes §3122.1 Statutory Sexual Assault is defined as the following:
a) A person commits a felony of the second degree when that person engages in sexual intercourse with a complainant to whom the person is not married who is under the age of 16 years and that person is either:
(1)four years older but less than eight years older than the complainant; or
(2)eight years older but less than 11 years older than the complainant.
(b) A person commits a felony of the first degree when that person engages in sexual intercourse with a complainant under the age of 16 years and that person is 11 or more years older than the complainant
One way to interpret this law is if a 20 year old person is having sex with a 16 year old, it is a felony of the second degree.
The law previously did not apply to a married person under the age of 18. However, a new 2020 Pennsylvania law makes it illegal for anyone to obtain a marriage license if they are under the ago 18. Read Pennsylvania House Bill 30, the new marriage law.
Sentencing Guidelines for a Statutory Sexual Assault Conviction in Pennsylvania
A conviction of Statutory Sexual Assault in Pennsylvania comes with very severe punishments. Penalties for a sex assault in PA can include:
Ten to twenty years in prison;
A $25,000 fine;
A first- or second-degree felony
If you were charged with a sex crime in Pennsylvania, a conviction can mean years in prison, decades on probation, and a lifetime of having to register as a sex offender after your release from prison. Failure to register as a sex offender as required by law can mean up to ten years in prison.
Age of Sexual Consent in Pennsylvania
In Pennsylvania, the age of consent is 16 years of age. An adult who has intercourse or any sexual activity with anyone under the age of 16 years of age, is committing a serious crime.
It may or may not be legal for teenagers who are 13, 14 and 15 years of age to legally engage in sexual activity with partners less than four years their senior.
It is possible that statutory rape charges will not apply, but other criminal offenses could still apply, even if the sexual activity is consensual. These charges could apply under PA Code § 6301 Corruption of Minors.
Romeo and Juliet Laws in Pennsylvania
In Pennsylvania, to protect minors from criminal liability who are having a consensual sexual relationship, Romeo and Juliet laws were created.
The minors must be over the age of 13 for the exception to apply and their partner cannot be more than four years older. For example, the exception does not apply if a person is age 13 and their partner is 18. A person who is 15 years old can legally have sex with someone is 17, as long as it is consensual.
It is illegal to have sex with anyone under the age of 13. Doing so falls under Pennsylvania's child rape law.
Statutory Sexual Assault Charges Are Not a Conviction
It is important to remember that sexual allegations are only allegations, not a conviction.
If you have been accused of statutory rape, the charges CAN be fought in court.
Your freedom is at stake, but you do have legal options to fight back against your charges. Even if a not-guilty verdict is not possible, there are legal options for the possibility of getting the charges reduced and penalties lessened.
There are many defenses to sex crimes, even statutory sexual assault. One defense is proving that the defendant was not made aware of the minor's legitimate age at the time the sex act occurred.
FIND A GREAT, EXPERIENCED LAWYER WHO WILL FIGHT FOR YOU
An experienced sex crime attorney is going to have a much better chance of getting your charges dropped or reduced.
Attorney Saadzoi is a tough criminal lawyer with a reputation for winning sex crime cases in Southeastern Pennsylvania. She works specifically in Delaware, Montgomery and Chester Counties.
ATTORNEY WANA SAADZOI CAN HELP
FREE CASE EVALUATIONS
Call 610-566-5956 to schedule a free legal case evaluation.
Learn More About Saadzoi Law and Sex Crime Laws in Pennsylvania:
Pennsylvania Sex Crime Attorney
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Saadzoi Law has three locations:
When your life and future are at stake, you want the most experienced and dedicated sex crime attorney for the job – and that is Attorney Wana Saadzoi.
115 West State Street, Suite 403
© 2022 Saadzoi Law. All rights reserved.


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Justia Lawyer Directory Personal Injury New York Johnson Attorneys
Johnson, New York Personal Injury Lawyers
James Edward Monroe
New York Personal Injury Attorney with 23 years experience
James E. Monroe is a partner at Dupée & Monroe. P.C. where he devotes his practice to representing injured plaintiffs in personal injury litigation including auto accidents, motorcycle accidents, and construction... Read More »
Abel Arcia
Dedicated to protecting the rights of the injured. Call for a free consultation!
I'm an experienced personal injury lawyer and represent clients in all types of personal injury cases throughout New York. I provide personal attention and will vigorously advocate for your rights throughout your case. Read More »
Middletown, NY Personal Injury Lawyer
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Elder, Medical Malpractice and Nursing Home
David Elijah Gross
Newburgh, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 28 years experience
(845) 414-6206	1279 Route 300
David E. Gross is a partner at Finkelstein & Partners, LLP, representing clients in the Hudson Valley who have sustained serious injuries. With unwavering dedication and extensive experience working with clients who have suffered head injuries, Mr. Gross strives to obtain compensation that will improve the lives of his clients.
Admitted to practice by the New Jersey State Bar Association, the United States District Courts for the Southern, Northern and Eastern Districts of New York; the New York State Bar Association; the Supreme Court of the United States; and the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, Mr. Gross also...
Jason R. Ohliger
Port Jervis, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 14 years experience
(845) 856-5333	143 Pike Street
Personal Injury, Insurance Claims, Medical Malpractice and Products Liability
Temple University Beasley School of Law
Jason R. Ohliger represents victims of motor vehicle accidents, defective products, dog bites, and medical malpractice.
Attorney Ohliger is a graduate of the Temple University Beasley School of Law. Upon graduation, he served as a law clerk for the Honorable Joseph F. Kameen, President Judge of the Pike County Court of Common Pleas.
He is licensed (and actively practices) in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Pennsylvania and Pike County Bar Associations.
Gary Sobo
Middletown, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 50 years experience
(888) 429-6706	1 Dolson Avenue
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII GoldSocial Media
Goshen, NY Personal Injury Attorney with 23 years experience
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Criminal and DWI
James E. Monroe is a partner at Dupée & Monroe. P.C. where he devotes his practice to representing injured plaintiffs in personal injury litigation including auto accidents, motorcycle accidents, and construction accidents. James also maintains an active criminal defense practice and represents people whose civil rights have been violated. James received his undergraduate degree from Albany State University in 1991 and earned his Juris Doctorate law degree from Western Michigan University Cooley Law School in Lansing, Michigan in 1996. In addition to his law practice, James is proud to serve as Chairperson of the Board of Directors of Access:Supports...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ALII BronzeSocial Media
Benjamin Ostrer
Chester, NY Personal Injury Attorney with 43 years experience
(845) 469-7577	111 Main Street
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Appeals, Criminal and DWI
Principal attorney with Ostrer & Associates, P.C. the successor firm to Ostrer & Hoovler, P.C. located in Chester, New York. The practice handles criminal defense, complex litigation and personal injury matters. Ben is the 2016 recipient of the New York State Bar Assn. Charles Crimi Memorial Award as the outstanding private criminal defense attorney in New York. He was honored by NYSBA for his pro bono work in 2018. He has obtained not guilty verdicts in serious felony cases and has an AV rating from Martindale Hubbel as well as a top 25 in the Hudson Valley...
Dominick John Robustelli
Monroe, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 44 years experience
(800) 727-7084	581 NY-17M
Building 3, #7
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Medical Malpractice and Products Liability
Dominick J. Robustelli has over 41 years of experience in personal injury cases. During Mr. Robustelli's first ten years of practice, he worked for and became a partner in a defense personal injury firm learning the insurance companies' ways of evaluating cases, setting reserves of cases, valuing cases and settling cases. Working on behalf of an insurance company, Dominick J. Robustelli learned what insurance companies look for in setting values on cases.
Mr. Robustelli has lived an worked in 3 counties in the area since becoming an attorney. His first 10 years he worked for, and became a partner in a...
Amir Hassan Sadaghiani
Amir Hassan Sadaghiani has been an Associate with Ostrer & Associates, P.C. since October 2014. Prior to joining the firm, he served the people of Orange County as an Assistant District Attorney since December 2006. While serving in the Orange County District Attorney's Office, he investigated, prosecuted, and tried numerous cases to verdict involving the crimes of murder, vehicular assault, arson, assault, intimidating a witness, robbery, burglary, criminal possession of a weapon, possession and sale of narcotics and marihuana, driving while intoxicated and larceny. Mr. Sadaghiani was assigned to the Special Investigations Unit where he oversaw the District Attorney's Office's...
Peter William Green
(845) 820-5091	815 Route 211 East
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Criminal, DWI and Family
Jacob Tuckfelt
Warwick, NY Personal Injury Attorney
(845) 988-9898	11 Oakland avenue
Warwick, NY 10990
Personal Injury, Business, Divorce and Family
Principal attorney with Ostrer & Associates, P.C. the successor firm to Ostrer & Hoovler, P.C. located in Chester, New York. The practice handles criminal defense, complex litigation and personal injury matters.... Read More »
Andrea Durgin Pawliczek
Montgomery, NY Personal Injury Attorney with 28 years experience
(845) 457-7702	1120 State Route 17K
Personal Injury, Criminal, Divorce and Family
Patrick Thomas Burke
(845) 294-4080	40 Matthews Street
Michael Gurda
Middletown, NY Personal Injury Attorney with 48 years experience
(845) 343-2101	41 Dolson Ave
Mark David Stern
Goshen, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 46 years experience
Personal Injury, Divorce, Estate Planning and Family
Kenneth Puig
(845) 461-4233	40 Grove St #106
Frank Zeccola
Goshen, NY Personal Injury Attorney
210 N Church St
Personal Injury, Medical Malpractice and Products Liability
Robert Allen Ladanyi
(845) 343-5100	453 Rte 211 E
Personal Injury, Business, Criminal and DWI
Edward Bruno
Pine Bush, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 22 years experience
(845) 361-3671	15 Bruyn Ave
Pine Bush, NY 12566
Personal Injury, Civil Rights, Criminal and Medical Malpractice
Anthony Di Filippo
Chester, NY Personal Injury Lawyer
307 Knollcrest Ln
Gregory Hoover
Campbell Hall, NY Personal Injury Attorney with 40 years experience
(845) 496-6100	100 Egbertson Road
Bronx, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 27 years experience
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Medical Malpractice, Nursing Home and Products Liability
10.0 (2 Peer Reviews)
Free ConsultationBronx, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 23 years experience
Personal Injury, Criminal, Medical Malpractice and Products Liability
Jayson Lutzky
(800) 660-5299	1740 Hone Ave
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Divorce, Family and Medical Malpractice
I am a Bronx, New York attorney with over 32 years of experience practicing law. I handle family law, contested and uncontested divorces, bankruptcy, accidents, medical malpractice and personal injury cases. I offer free in-person initial consultations. I enjoy explaining the law and helping each client understand his or her rights in each personal situation before starting the case. While I emphasize cooperation, I am a tough negotiator in court. Over the years, I have represented many satisfied clients and have helped recover millions for victims of accidents. One of my staff members has been with me for over...
Pleasantville, NY Personal Injury Attorney with 40 years experience
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Medical Malpractice and Nursing Home
Jeffery L. Greco
10.0 (1 Peer Review)
(914) 898-8800	75 S. Broadway
Free ConsultationWhite Plains, NY Personal Injury Attorney with 15 years experience
Criminal, DWI, Domestic Violence and White Collar Crime
I am a Federal & State criminal trial lawyer. I do not handle anything beside criminal defense matters in Federal + State court. I cut my teeth as a prosecutor in the third largest city in the U.S., handling narcotics and major felony cases. I rose to the level of Chief Prosecutor and then I left and took that trial experience with me. I switched sides to become a defense lawyer to protect my clients' constitutional rights that get trampled everyday. Based out of New York and Los Angeles, I am the Managing Partner in both New York +...
New City, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 24 years experience
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Criminal, DWI and Entertainment & Sports
White Plains, NY Personal Injury Attorney with 30 years experience
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Business, Criminal and Medical Malpractice
Mark A. Siesel
(914) 224-3086	50 Main St
My law firm, The Law Office of Mark A. Siesel, is an established firm with offices in White Plains and the Bronx. I have over 27 years of experience specializing in personal injury and criminal law matters. Further, I will remain personally involved with your case from beginning to end. I zealously represent all of my clients, and, as a result of my advocacy, I have obtained many successful verdicts and settlements.
I am dedicated to providing skillful and effective legal representation to my local community. I have been licensed to practice in both New York and New Jersey since 1987,...
New York, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 37 years experience
Jonathan D. Katz
New Paltz, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 37 years experience
(866) 938-8498	27 Sunset Ridge
New Paltz, NY 12561
Personal Injury, Arbitration & Mediation, Divorce and Family
I am attorney serving clients throughout the Hudson Valley in Kingston, Ulster, Dutchess, Orange, Greene and Columbia counties in family law, divorce and traffic ticket cases. I provide close personal attention and legal insight into the immediate challenges, and long-term consequences of your situation.My unrelenting advocacy on your behalf is intended to build a sound strategy to safeguard your relationship with your children, and advance your personal and financial goals.
Brooke D. Youngwirth
Poughkeepsie, NY Personal Injury Attorney with 9 years experience
(845) 454-1110	35 Market St.
Personal Injury, Business, Civil Rights and Employment
Brooke Dana Youngwirth represents both employees and private and public-sector employers before state and federal agencies, including the New York State Division of Human Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Brooke also defends private and public employers against employment harassment and discrimination, labor violations, and various other federal and state claims.
In addition, Brooke frequently provides counsel to individuals, school districts, police departments, and other private employers on a range of topics such as wrongful termination, student disciplinary matters, employment discrimination, and the implementation of employment policies and handbooks. Brooke has held client training sessions and continuing legal education seminars...
Aubrey Claudius Galloway
Scarsdale, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 8 years experience
(914) 358-6420	2 Overhill Road
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Criminal, Health Care and Medical Malpractice
Seton Hall University School of Law and Pace Law School
Aubrey C. Galloway III, Esq. received his Juris Doctorate from Pace Law where he followed a litigation track and excelled in trial and appellate advocacy. He earned his B.A. in Political Science from Gettysburg College where he was elected to the prestigious Pi Lambda Sigma honors society for excellence in the subject. Mr. Galloway begin his legal career as an Associate at one of the top Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury law firms in the country, Aaronson Rappaport Feinstein & Deutsch LLP (Best Lawyers® rankings). During his 4 years at ARFD he handled the defense...
Daniela F. Henriques
(212) 766-5222	2705 Eastchester Rd
Daniela F. Henriques began her legal career at Leav & Steinberg in 2002. Motivated by her desire to make an impact as an advocate for the seriously injured, she continued to work as a paralegal at the firm while attending law school full time. She received her J.D. from New York Law School in Manhattan, where she graduated cum laude. She was the recipient of the New York State Bar Association Legal Ethics Award. Upon joining the firm as a lawyer in 2005, Ms. Henriques continued to work on all aspects of case investigation, client and witness interviews, drafting...
Nyack, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 26 years experience
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Appeals, Medical Malpractice and Products Liability
Arkady Frekhtman
Bronx, NY Personal Injury Attorney with 20 years experience
(718) 733-9300	20 East 205 Street
New York City personal injury lawyer specializing in serious & catastrophic civil litigation. Practice areas include tractor trailer, motorcycle, bus, truck, and auto accidents; construction site accidents, brain injury, spinal cord injury, birth injury, and medical malpractice.
Peter Howard Tilem
White Plains, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 29 years experience
(877) 377-8666	188 E Post Rd
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Criminal, Real Estate and White Collar Crime
Peter Tilem's legal career started in September of 1991 as an Assistant District Attorney in the New York County District Attorney's Office in Manhattan, where he was assigned to the prosecution and investigation of hundreds, if not thousands, of criminal cases—including violent crimes, white collar crimes and homicides.
Since founding Tilem & Associates, PC, Mr. Tilem has continued to litigate in both state and federal courts and has continued his representation of clients involved in high-profile cases. Mr. Tilem appears regularly in the newspaper and on television concerning his representation in such cases and as a legal commentator. He is...
Newburgh, NY Personal Injury Attorney with 47 years experience
(845) 275-3003	356 Meadow Avenue
Joseph Macaluso
(718) 364-4000	1 Fordham Plaza, Ste 1002
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury, Asbestos, Medical Malpractice and Nursing Home
Joseph G. Macaluso is a graduate of Brooklyn Law School. He has been in the private practice of law in the fields of personal injury and medical malpractice since 1990. Upon graduation from Law School, he was recognized as Best Trial Advocate of his graduating class. He was also recognized as an Overall Best Trial Advocate of a National Trial Advocacy competition. Since then, Macaluso has practiced as an injury lawyer who has successfully litigated many cases. He has handled a wide variety of injury and medical malpractice over the years. The cases...
Bryan Earl Rounds
Kingston, NY Personal Injury Attorney with 25 years experience
(845) 331-1141	273 Wall St., Suite 201
Personal Injury, Criminal, DWI and White Collar Crime
PERSONAL INJURY. CRIMINAL DEFENSE. DWI. Over 20 years of HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL TRIAL EXPERIENCE. Former Prosecutor.
Jason C. Scott
Walden, NY Personal Injury Lawyer with 12 years experience
(845) 778-2121	158 Orange Avenue
Walden, NY 12586
Personal Injury, Appeals, Arbitration & Mediation and Medical Malpractice
Jason C. Scott is an associate with the firm's litigation team practicing general civil and criminal litigation. In addition, he focuses on regulatory and compliance issues in health care. His experience in the health care field and as a litigator enable him to provide clients with the best possible representation in a broad range of legal matters.
Port Jervis