Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saint believe that the priesthood is the authority to act in God's name delegated from God to man. When Jesus Christ lived on the earth, He gave the priesthood to His Apostles. After Jesus Christ's crucifixion and the deaths of the Apostles, members of the Church believe that the fulness of Christ's gospel, including the priesthood, was taken from the earth (see "Restoration of the Priesthood," gospeltopics.lds.org). Members of the Church believe that in 1829, the priesthood was restored to the earth when heavenly messengers conferred it upon the Prophet Joseph Smith. To Members of the church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints , the restoration of the priesthood is an important event in the history of the Church.
What do Members of the Church believe about the priesthood?
Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believe that there are two different priesthoods (see D&C 107:1)—the Aaronic Priesthood and the Melchizedek Priesthood. Members of the Church believe that the Aaronic Priesthood is the lesser, or preparatory priesthood, and the Melchizedek Priesthood is the greater priesthood.
Joseph Smith learned about the Aaronic Priesthood after finding mention of baptism for the remission of sins during his translation of the Book of Mormon. On May 15, 1829, Joseph and his scribe, Oliver Cowdery, went to the woods to pray about what they had read about baptism. In response, John the Baptist descended from heaven and conferred the Aaronic Priesthood, which includes the authority to baptize, upon Joseph and Oliver (see Joseph Smith—History 1:68–72).
Today, the Aaronic Priesthood can be conferred upon worthy young men when they begin their 12th year. In fact, followers of the Church believe that there are several different offices within the Aaronic Priesthood, each with its own responsibilities. These offices include deacon, teacher, priest, and bishop (see D&C 107:13–14, 85–88). Priesthood holders progress to higher offices as they progress in the gospel. The duties of various offices in the Aaronic Priesthood include blessing and passing the sacrament, baptizing, and overseeing the temporal needs of Church members (see "Aaronic Priesthood," gospeltopics.lds.org).
Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believe that the Melchizedek Priesthood, or the greater priesthood, was also restored through the Prophet Joseph Smith. The exact date of the restoration of the Melchizedek Priesthood is unknown, but it occurred several weeks after the restoration of the Aaronic Priesthood in 1829 (see Doctrine and Covenants and Church History Gospel Doctrine Teacher's Manual , 45). The ancient Apostles Peter, James, and John appeared to Joseph and Oliver and conferred the Melchizedek Priesthood upon them.
Members of the Church believe that the Melchizedek Priesthood can be held by worthy adult male members. The Melchizedek Priesthood is named after Melchizedek, a great high priest in the time of Abraham (see D&C 107:2–4). This priesthood includes the authority to give special priesthood blessings for comfort, counsel, and healing and the authority to bestow the gift of the Holy Ghost. In fact, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believe that in the ordinances of the Melchizedek Priesthood, "the power of godliness is manifest" (D&C 84:20; see also "Melchizedek Priesthood," gospeltopics.lds.org).
Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believe that the restoration of the priesthood in May 1829 is not only a historical fact but also a miracle and an incredible blessing for all of God's children. To learn more about the restoration of Christ's Church, visit ChurchofJesusChrist.org.


text:
module Happstack.Server.Test where

import Preamble

import Happstack.Server                      hiding (path)
import Happstack.Server.SURI                 (toSURI, query, path)
import Happstack.Server.Internal.MessageWrap (pathEls, queryInput)
import Control.Concurrent.MVar

import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as LB
import qualified Data.Map             as Map

mkRequest :: String -> IO Request
mkRequest uri =
  do
    ib <- newEmptyMVar
    b  <- newMVar $ Body LB.empty
    return Request { rqMethod      = GET
                   , rqSecure      = False
                   , rqPaths       = pathEls $ path u
                   , rqUri         = path u
                   , rqQuery       = query u
                   , rqInputsQuery = queryInput u
                   , rqInputsBody  = ib
                   , rqCookies     = []
                   , rqVersion     = HttpVersion 1 1
                   , rqHeaders     = Map.empty
                   , rqBody        = b
                   , rqPeer        = ("", 0)
                   }
  where
    u = toSURI uri

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Find local bargains in and near Sandhead (Dumfries-and-Galloway).
The listings below are an automated feed from Ebay for the village "Sandhead".
View more listed items with "Sandhead" in the title. (Problem with any of these listings? Report it to us here).


text:
Slice of Italeigh Pizza & Cheesesteaks Moving to Main Street
Obituary: John Charles Talt (Sept. 11, 1940 – Dec. 7, 2020)
Gipner says goodbye
Volunteers begin renovations at Martinez Museum
Obituary: Karen Fagundes Garrison 10/23/1961 – 11/01/2020
18th annual MRC-MEF Run for Education raises $55k
Wind advisory from ConFire
Sgt. Fred set to retire from MPD
Obituary: William Michael (Mike) Rooney (1943-2020)
Tri-Cities Horseman's Association
General News	0
Martinez Police Blotter for July 1 – 15, 2019
By adminPosted on August 11, 2019 August 15, 2019
On July 1st at 1:03 am, Sergeant Busciglio contacted a man and woman in the 200 block of Howe Road. The man was arrested for possession of a switchblade knife and a methamphetamine pipe. The woman was arrested for identity theft and possession of prescription medications. Case# 19-1745.
At 6:00 am, Corporal Baillie took a stolen vehicle report from a resident in the 1200 block of Arnold Drive. Case# 19-1746.
At 3:00 pm, Officer Voyvodich investigated a suspicious vehicle in the 600 block of J Street. A man and woman were inside the vehicle. The man was arrested for a warrant. The woman was arrested for possession of methamphetamine and heroin. Case# 19- 1752.
On July 2nd at 9:11 am, Officer Voyvodich responded to Safeway (downtown) for a man who believed he was being followed. He was found to be in possession of methamphetamine and arrested. Case# 19-1758.
At 11:29 am, Officer Buda took a theft report of a vehicle exhaust system that was removed from a vehicle in the 800 block of Arnold Drive. Case# 19-1759.
On July 3rd at 5:13 am, Officer Espinoza took a theft report from a resident in the 200 block of C Street, where a compaction machine was cut from the security chain and taken from the bed of a truck. Case# 19-1764.
At 6:22 am, Officer Miller took a stolen vehicle report from a residence in the 1500 block of Berrellesa Street. Case# 19-1765.
At 8:30 am, Officer Miller observed a wanted man enter a residence in the 1400 block of Pine Street. Additional officers arrived to assist in the apprehension of the wanted man. The man refused to exit his residence upon command. An interior check of the residence was conducted and the man was taken into custody with the assistance of K9 Brut. Case# 19-1767.
On July 4th at 2:37 am, Officer Espinoza responded to a hit and run collision of two parked vehicles in the area of Holly View Drive and Pine Street. A license plate fell off the suspect vehicle at the scene. Sheriff's Deputies reported a collision on Pacheco Boulevard and Haven Street, which turned out to be the suspect vehicle in the hit and run. The woman driver was arrested for hit and run and DUI. Case# 19-1773.
At 7:44 am, Detective Carney arrested a man in the 700 block of Arnold Drive for possession of methamphetamine. Case# 19-1774.
At 1:17 pm, Officer Voyvodich arrested a man for an outstanding warrant at a residence in the 1300 block of Palm Avenue. Case# 19-1776.
Only July 5th at 8:00 am, Officer Angoco arrested a man at Safeway (downtown) for possession of heroin and drug paraphernalia. Case# 19-1782.
At 2:30 pm, Corporal Baillie received a license plate reader (LPR) alert on a stolen vehicle downtown. A high risk stop was executed without incident. A man was arrested for possession of a stolen vehicle and a probation violation. Case# 19-1784.
At 7:57 pm, Officer Lucido arrested a woman at Buon Aroma for theft and trespassing. The woman kicked Officer Lucido during the arrest. A battery charge was added. During booking the woman fell in the sally port. It is unknown if the fall was purposeful or accidental on her behalf. Case# 19-1787.
On July 6th at 8:00 am, Sergeant Gaul heard a man yelling in the area of the PD. He made contact with the man who was pounding on a vehicle window and yelling at a woman inside the vehicle. The man claimed the woman stole his vehicle. The woman drove away with the trunk open. Corporal Baillie was towing a vehicle several blocks away when the woman arrived to his location in the stolen vehicle. She refused to exit the vehicle and was extracted from the vehicle after Corporal Baillie shattered the window. No one was injured and the woman was arrested for vehicle theft, resisting/delaying/obstructing a police officer and violating probation. Case# 19-1792.
At 9:15 am, Officer Wah arrested a man at Safeway (downtown) for theft, possession of meth, possession of drug paraphernalia and a warrant. Case# 19-1795.
At 10:30 am, Officer Angoco responded to a physical fight in the 700 block of Alhambra Avenue. A man was arrested for battery. Case# 19-1796.
At 10:45 am, Officer Buda took a stolen vehicle report from a resident in the 1100 block of Harris Court. Case# 19-1797.
At 12:45 pm, Sergeant Gaul arrested a woman in the 100 block of North Court Street for driving on a DUI suspended license. Case# 19-1798.
At 3:45 pm, Corporal Baillie responded to an LPR alert of a stolen vehicle travelling on HWY 4. He located the vehicle and it yielded on the ramp. The male driver was arrested for possession of a stolen vehicle and a parole violation. The female passenger was arrested for a parole violation. Case# 19-1800.
At 11:47 pm, Corporal Mayberry arrested a woman for possession of prescription medications during a traffic enforcement stop on Pacheco Boulevard, near Adelaide Drive. Case# 19-1804.
On July 7th at 12:19 am, Officer Montano stopped a motorcycle at Pacheco Boulevard, near Arthur Road. The motorcycle was towed for expired registration. Case# 19-1805.
At 12:54 am, Corporal Mayberry arrested a man for possession of drug paraphernalia during a traffic stop on Ferry Street, near Masonic Street. Case# 19-1806.
At 9:15 am, officers responded to the area of Alhambra High School for a woman laying on the ground. Upon contact the woman spit on Officer Angoco. She was secured in a WRAP restraint device and arrested for felony battery on a police officer. Case# 19-1807.
At 5:30 pm, Officer Parsons responded to CVS on Arnold Drive for a robbery. The male suspect stole items and punched an employee several times before fleeing in a vehicle. An area check was conducted, producing negative results. Case# 19-1811.
On July 8th at 8:45 am, Officer Voyvodich took a stolen vehicle report from a resident in the 2100 block of Boynton Avenue. The incident was captured on video. Case# 19-1814.
At 12:00 pm, Officer Ramos took a graffiti report of hate crime messages in the Morello Avenue pedestrian tunnel. The corporation yard was contacted to remove the graffiti as soon as possible. Case# 19-1817.
On July 9th at 7:53 pm, Officer Lincoln arrested a man for a warrant at Morello Park Drive and Morello Avenue. Case# 19-1826.
On July 10th at 12:23 am, Officer Lincoln attempted a traffic stop in the 400 block of Muir Station Road. The vehicle failed to stop and a pursuit ensued for less than one mile before the male driver yielded at Alhambra Way and Alhambra Avenue, where he was taken into custody without incident. Case# 19-1827.
At 6:35 am, Officer Miller contacted a man on Susana Street for trespassing on school property. He was arrested for possession of methamphetamine. Case# 19-1829.
At 1:31 pm, Officer Voyvodich arrested a man for trespassing at Safeway. Case# 19-1832.
On July 11th at 4:59 am, Officer Angoco contacted two men behind a closed business in the 4000 block of Alhambra Avenue. Both men were arrested for possession of a controlled substance. Case# 19-1833.
At 10:30 am, Officer Angoco arrested a man on Fountainhead Court for a restraining order violation. Case# 19-1835
At 3:00 pm, Officer Parsons arrested a man in the 400 block of Susana Street for warrants. Case# 19-1837.
At 7:52 pm, Sergeant Busciglio arrested a man for a warrant on Center Avenue, near Muir Road. Case# 19-1841.
At 8:00 pm, Officer Lucido arrested a man for a warrant in the 400 block of Richardson Street. Case# 19-1842.
At 8:17 pm, Officer Parsons arrested a man for possession of a controlled substance in the 400 block of Richardson Street. Case# 19-1843.
At 11:01 pm, Officer Parsons arrested a man for possession of a controlled substance in the 900 block of Arnold Drive. Case# 19-1844.
At 11:25 pm, Sergeant Busciglio stopped a vehicle on HWY 4 near the Pine Street exit. The male driver was arrested for DUI. Case# 19-1845.
On July 12th at 9:45 am, a maintenance worker found a resident in the 300 block of Berrellesa Street deceased. The death appeared to be of natural causes. Officer Ramos, case# 19-1847.
At 10:30 am, officers were dispatched to the pedestrian tunnel for the train bridge on Morello Avenue. Officers contacted a 40-year-old man from Concord. He was arrested for a felony $35,000.00 warrant for battery on a police officer. He was also arrested for possession of meth and booked into MDF. Corporal Schnabel, case# 19-1848.
At 1:00 pm, officers were dispatched to the 1600 block of Berrellesa Street for the report of a subject vandalizing the victim's lawn. Officers contacted the 48-year-old man from Martinez. He was arrested for vandalism and booked into MDF.
At 1:30 pm, officers were dispatched to a traffic collision involving a possible impaired driver. One of the parties contacted was a 30-year-old woman from Pittsburg. She was arrested for possession of a controlled substance for sales. She was found to be in possession of 2 ounces of meth and was released from the PD. Case# 19-1852.
At 2:30 pm, officers were dispatched to an apartment on Foster Street for possible squatters in the vacant apartment. Officers contacted a 34-year-old man from Martinez and a 24-year-old woman from Lafayette. The man was arrested for possession of meth and the woman was arrested for possession of meth and drug paraphernalia. Officer Parsons and Sergeant Gaul. Case# 19-1853
At 7:52 pm, Officer Montano stopped a vehicle on Hwy 4 near 680 for displaying registration tabs that did not belong to the vehicle. The man admitted he put them on because his registration was expired. He was arrested and cite released from the scene. Case# 19-1856.
At 11:05 pm, Sergeant Busciglio contacted a person acting suspicious in the parking lot of 7-11 (3520 Pacheco Blvd.). The man was arrested for a felony warrant and possession of a controlled substance. Case# 19-1858.
On July 13th at 7:30 am, Sergeant Gaul responded to Starbucks on Main Street for a theft in progress. He located the suspect several blocks away and identified him as a 31-year-old man from Walnut Creek. He was arrested for shoplifting and violating probation. The man was released from MDF less than an hour earlier. Case# 19-1859.
At 5:15 pm, Officer Parsons stopped a vehicle at the bocce courts. He arrested a 60- year-old man from Bay Point for driving with a suspended license for DUI. He was cite released. Case# 19-1860.
At 7:41 pm, Officer Lucido was providing extra patrol to the 3500 block of Pacheco Blvd. when he contacted a man digging through trash cans near the gas pumps at 7-11. The man was found to be on active probation for possession of narcotics. Officer Lucido conducted a compliance check, which revealed the man to be in possession of methamphetamine. The man was arrested without incident and cite released at the scene. Case# 19-1861
On July 14th at 5:30 am, Officer Angoco responded to 1111 Ferry St. for a suspicious person. He contacted a 35-year-old man from San Francisco. He was arrested for a misdemeanor no bail warrant for assault with a deadly weapon. He was also found to be in possession of meth and drug paraphernalia. He was booked into MDF. Case# 19- 1863.
At 8:15 am, Officer Buda was dispatched to Walmart for a suspicious vehicle. He contacted a 23-year-old woman from Martinez. She was arrested for possession of heroin and was cite released. Case# 19-1865.
On July 14th at 9:48 am, officers responded to a burglary at Creek Monkey. It occurred sometime overnight via an open window. Loss of cash and numerous iPads. Officer Lincoln, case# 19-1866.
At 9:45 am, Sergeant Gaul investigated a suspicious vehicle in the 3800 block of Vista Oaks Drive. He contacted a 25-year-old man from Suisun. He was arrested for possession of meth and cite released. Case# 19-1867.
On July 15th at 4:10 am, a fire was reported at 3979 Alhambra Avenue. The affected apartments were evacuated and Con Fire responded.
At 11:14 am, Officer Angoco arrested a man in the 2800 block of Howe Road for possession of a controlled substance and drug paraphernalia. Case# 19-1874.
Thanks to Chief Manjit Sappal and Renee Jacobs of the the Martinez Police Department.
Tag: crime Martinez Police Department Police Blotter
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Martinez Police Blotter November 16-31
Robbery attempt at Nob Hill shopping center
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Slice of Italeigh Pizza & Cheesesteaks Moving to Main Street January 17, 2021
Obituary: John Charles Talt (Sept. 11, 1940 – Dec. 7, 2020) December 17, 2020
Gipner says goodbye December 11, 2020
Volunteers begin renovations at Martinez Museum November 11, 2020
Obituary: Karen Fagundes Garrison 10/23/1961 – 11/01/2020 November 6, 2020
© 2021 Martinez News-Gazette

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Loch Ness or Loch Lomond?
L- 92,000 million ft3 / 2.6km3.
N - 263,000 million ft3 / 7.3km3.
L - Yes, massive, Lomond Shores at Balloch.
N - Mostly at lochside visitor centres, smaller scale.
L - Yes, in countryside and also in small lochside communities.
N - As Loch Lomond.
L - Plenty of stop-offs and viewpoints, some, like Firkin Point, very well known.
N - Some, though less well-developed than Loch Lomond.
L - Cuts through Highland Boundary Fault, embracing Lowland and Highland. Big hills like Ben Lomond close by. Fine deciduous woodlands in places.
N - Fills part of a major geological fault line. Hills more uniform and less spectacular. Heavily wooded.
L - Yes, plus extensive timetable of 'water taxis' and connections.
N - yes, especially programme of monster spotting cruises.
Bank traversed by busy main road?
Alternative route on other bank?
L - part-way by car (to Rowardennan) then good footpath.
N - part-way by car (to Inverfarigaig) then all the way to Fort Augustus but not on loch shore.
L - Glasgow, say, 30-40 mins by car. N - Inverness, say, 20 mins by car.
L - 65 miles / 104 km (Balmaha).
L - Good connections by bus and train.
N - Good service, lochside buses.
L - Yes, but less well known than Nessie.
Alternative pretty loch in vicinity?
L - Other lochs in nearby Trossachs: eg Loch Katrine.
N - Loch Affric much prettier.
Features in well-known traditional song?
N - No. Ken Dodd's 1960s hit 'Happy Ness' is not about the loch.
(Pictured here) Loch Lomond has a good choice of cruising and various piers and little destinations are linked together in a kind of 'water-taxi' service. This is Cruise Loch lomond at the pier at Tarbert.
So, you are planning your route through Scotland and wondering if either of the two most famous bodies of water are worth a visit? Loch Lomond or Loch Ness? Are they worth a look?
Visitors have heard of Loch Ness, of course, because of the monster myth, while Loch Lomond owes its fame at least in part to the well-known song 'The Banks of Loch Lomond'.
Loch Lomond is also famous through geography: it's in a part of the Highlands that lies closest to the Central Belt, most densely populated part of Scotland. So that makes it easy to visit.
(Pictured here) Loch Lomond, looking north from Duncryne Hill. One of the very best viewpoints anywhere near the loch. A view from the edge of the Lowlands into the Highlands. The Highland/Lowland demarcation - the Highland Boundary Fault - runs through the islands in the picture.
Loch Ness occupies part of the Great Glen, for centuries a throughway between the east and west coasts of Scotland. Because it is further away from the heavily populated Lowlands, it has not had the long-standing reputation for beautiful Highland scenery associated with Loch Lomond.
(Pictured here) With Loch Lomond's reputation as a picturesque stretch of Scottish landscape dating back to the time of the Romantics, demand for illustration developed early. This print, for example, dates from 1835 and is typical of the exaggerated contours that contemporary taste preferred when viewing Highland landscapes.
(Pictured here) The English watercolour artist E.W. Haslehurst RBA (1866-1949) was just one of many who came to Loch Lomond. In this case for a series of paintings used as book illustration. This is Luss Straits.
(Pictured here) View north from the high ground near the Suidhe Viewpoint, on the B862, with the blue of Loch Ness distant and well to the right.
But should I visit Ness or Lomond?
"Wait a second" (I hear you say), "you haven't actually said which of the two you should visit."
You noticed, huh? Well, both are on a well established tourist trail and neither are off the beaten track, (see links below) - far from it, actually. If you are a first-time visitor to Scotland, you'll tend to tick off the hot-spots first. So there is an element of 'unavoidability' about both these lochs as they are both on well-established visitor routes through Scotland..
Hey - since you ask - I'd rather be on the shores of (say) Loch Maree, Loch Assynt, Loch Hope and a load of smaller lochs further north. I'd rather see (say) Loch Arkaig or Loch Affric if I was nearer Loch Ness, or enjoy a stroll along the shores of Loch Katrine if near Loch Lomond.


text:
actions :create, :delete
default_action :create

attribute :cookbook, kind_of: String, default: 'openvpn'
attribute :config,
          kind_of: Hash
attribute :push_routes,
          kind_of: Array
attribute :push_options,
          kind_of: Array


text:
Nok Ok () is a subdistrict (tambon) and a subdistrict municipality (thesaban tambon) in Pak Thong Chai District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand.

Geography
Neighboring subdistricts are (from the north clockwise): Mueang Pak, Don, Kaem Sap, Sakae Rat, and Ngio.

History
While the subdistrict (tambon) Nok Ok is much older, the Tambon administrative organization (TAO) as the local administration unit was established in 1996. Effective June 30, 2008 it was upgraded to a subdistrict municipality.

Administration
The subdistrict is divided into 10 administrative villages (muban).

References

External links
ThaiTambon.com

Populated places established in 1996
Populated places in Nakhon Ratchasima province

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Ajax post returning "404 not found" in Chrome I use ASP.NET MVC to upload some files with this code:
$.ajax({
   url: "WorkOrder/upload?id="+g.toString()+"&type="+type.toString(),
   type:"POST",
   data: fileData,
   processData: false,
   contentType: false,
   async: true,
   success: function (res) {
      if (res=="true"){
         showSuccess('succes');
         $('#myModal').modal('toggle');
      }
   }
})

and publish to IIS, and when testing it on chrome I get "not found url".
But when writing directly to same address in address bar it is firing the action in the controller. It is interesting that other computers Chrome (version 54) work but on some computers is not working and I get not found URL 404 (all computers work with same code on IIS).

A: Finally find what is the problem!
if you are sure the path is OK but you got this error, it is possible your file size is more than "Maximum allowed content length" in IIS. In this case you will got this error "not found url".

A: A guess of what might be the issue:
WorkOrder/upload is a relative path and dependant on where you are when you make the request. For example if you are on the page localhost/fruit, the request might be sent to  localhost/fruitWorkOrder/upload, which is resonable to return a 404.
If you make the request with /WorkOrder/upload or whatever the full path from the domain might be, you should be fine.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Trademark Glossary of Terms 2021
absolute grounds
Absolute grounds for refusal of registration are factors within the individual trademark in isolation which hinder registration. (This term is only used in Europe. See also relative grounds.)
acquired distinctiveness
Even if a mark is originally descriptive and thus unregisterable, it is possible to change this through use of the mark in the marketplace, initially as a common-law trademark.
additional factors
The FDA POCA algorithm compares a number of product characteristics in addition to the names of the new drug and existing products. These include route of administration (orifice or other channel through which the drug enters the body), pharmaceutical form (the form in which the drug is), active ingredient, and strength.
Anyone who applies for a registered trademark. The applicant can be an individual (physical person) or a corporation (legal person). Generally, there are no nationality requirements for applicants, but applicants domiciled in a foreign jurisdiction (for the EU and its member states: outside the European Economic Area and the U.S.) must use a local representative. Otherwise, the use of a professional representative is normally not mandatory but nonetheless generally recommended.
The date when the trademark application is filed. The exclusive right conveyed by the trademark registration does not begin until the registration date, but priority attaches to the application date, meaning that others cannot be granted a similar trademark if they file their application between the application date and the registration date. If two competing applications are filed on the same date, in some jurisdictions, they receive equal priority, in others the exact time of filing becomes decisive.
See registration fee.
application language (EUIPO)
When filing for a European Union Trade Mark at the EUIPO, the applicant must specify two languages in the application. The first language, which can be any official EU language, is the language in which the application is filed. The second language, which must be one of the five official languages of the EUIPO (English, French, German, Italian, or Spanish), is the language for the opposition and cancellation proceedings. The two languages must be different, so for an English-speaking applicant it may be a good idea to use some other language as the first language.
A serial number assigned by the registering office as a unique identifier for each incoming application. In some registries this is also used as the registration number, in others they are different.
This is often understood simply as a synonym to trademark, but nowadays a brand is seen as the sum of all of customers' experiences of the company or product in question. Trademarks are those elements of a brand which can be legally protected.
A proceeding in which a party seeks to cancel the registration of a trademark which has already been registered. See also opposition.
certification mark
A trademark registered for an organization for the purpose of licensing it to third parties as a sign of certification that their product meets certain criteria, such as the Woolmark. The regulations for the use of the mark must be submitted officially as a part of the registration process. See also collective mark.
See Nice Classification and the old US classification for goods and services, Vienna Classification for the classification of the figurative elements in trademarks.
collective mark
A trademark registered (or used) by an organization for purpose of licensing it to its members as a sign of membership in that particular organization. The regulations for the use of the mark must be submitted officially as a part of the registration process. See also certification mark.
combination mark
A trademark which is a combination of a word mark and a figurative mark, for example a text with a particular design (logotype), or the combination of a logotype and and a logo. In a combination mark the text is usually also protected as a word mark, unless a disclaimer applies.
common-law trademark
The exclusive right to a trademark can be established not only through registration but also through use. Registration is advisable whenever possible as it eliminates much of the uncertainty inherent in a common-law trademark, but sometimes use without registration is the only option, for example in order to acquire distinctiveness for a mark that is initially descriptive (though in the US, registration on the supplemental register can also be an option). The common-law tort against trademarks (registered or not) is called passing off.
Someone designated as the recipient of official correspondence from the trademark agency, usually (and in many jurisdictions by definition) the same as the representative.
Community Trade Mark, CTM
The former name for European Union Trade Mark (EUTM), a trademark registration system for the European Union, administered by the EUIPO. Introduced in 1996, the European Union Trade Mark is a convenient and much less costly way to obtain trademark registration for all (including future) EU countries with a single application.
deceptively misdescriptive
If a mark is generic, that is, it describes a particular type of product without regard to its origin, but it is used for a different but nearby product so that there is a likelihood of confusion, the mark is said to be deceptively misdescriptive.
degeneration
When a trademark becomes generic, it ceases to be able to distinguish one source (trademark owner) from another for the product in question. To prevent this, the owner must be on guard as to the unauthorized use of the trademark. A mark's degeneration status can also vary from one jurisdiction to another, as is the case for example for Aspirin (generic in the US, registered e.g. in many EU countries). Because degeneration "kills" trademarks, it is often called "genericide" in the US.
A mark is descriptive when it is only a generic description of the products for which it used without identifying a specific origin for them. Descriptiveness can be reduced through active use as an identifying mark for products of a specific origin (acquired distinctiveness), but it can also increase to the point of degeneration and the loss of the exclusive right to the mark.
design search codes
A classification system used by the USPTO for the categorization of figurative and combination marks. See also Vienna classification.
When a trademark loses its distinctiveness, it becomes diluted. Dilution can take place through blurring (degeneration, "genericide") or tarnishment.
Attached to a trademark registration, a disclaimer limits the protection afforded by the trademark so that no exclusive right is claimed to certain, usually descriptive words in the mark, so only the mark as a whole as well as individual words not included in the disclaimer (if any) are protected.
A trademark's ability to distinguish the products of one particular origin (the owner of the trademark) from those by others. A trademark must be distinctive enough to avoid likelihood of confusion to make it registerable, but distinctiveness is not necessarily constant. It can be acquired through use or lost through degeneration or "genericide".
European Union Intellectual Property Office. The EU trademark agency, formerly known as the Office for Harmonization on the Internal Market (Trade Marks and Designs) or OHIM.
European Union Trade Mark, EUTM
A trademark registration system for the European Union, administered by the EUIPO. Introduced in 1996, the European Union Trade Mark (formerly Community Trade Mark, CTM) is a convenient and much less costly way to obtain trademark registration for all (including future) EU countries with a single application.
exclusive right
A trademark confers its owner an intellectual property right, which is an exclusive right. That is, the owner of a trademark has, with certain limitations, the right to exclude others from commercially using a similar mark for similar products.
When an individual trademarked product is sold for the first time with the consent of the owner of the trademark, the exclusive rights to that individual item (or instance of a provided service) are said to be exhausted. This means that the trademark no longer affects the onward sale of the goods in question. Also known as the first sale doctrine. The territorial scope of exhaustion depends on the jurisdiction. In the EU, exhaustion is regional, meaning that only products initially sold within the European Economic Area with the trademark owner's consent are included, whereas the import of trademarked products legitimately sold in foreign markets requires authorization from the rights holder.
exhibition priority
A form of priority granted by virtue of displaying the trademarked products at an international exhibition. It is worth noting that this basically only covers International Expos (world fairs) arranged under the Paris Convention, and nowadays most claims for exhibition priority are just based on a misunderstanding. See the Bureau International des Expositions website for more information.
famous mark
See well-known mark
figurative mark
A trademark in the form of a graphic image without words. In some jurisdictions, this category comprises all trademarks other than word marks. Figurative marks are categorized with design search codes (USPTO) or the Vienna classification.
See exhaustion.
generic term
A word or an expression which just describes the kind of product, or which is widely used in commerce even without regard to any specific product. A generic term cannot be used to distinguish a specific source for the products in question, and therefore it cannot be registered. For example, APPLE is a generic term for apples, but not for electronics or software. On the other hand, APPLE is deceptively misdescriptive for pears or oranges. On the other hand, something like 7 DAYS A WEEK is generic for any product. A mark can however become less generic thanks to acquired distinctiveness but also more generic through degeneration.
genericide
See degeneration. Named so because degeneration "kills" trademarks.
In the Nice classification, classes 1 to 34 are for goods, which means products in the form of (more or less, such as software) tangible objects. See also services.
Goods and services. See also products.
individual mark
A trademark registered for an individual owner (natural person or a corporation) or several individuals jointly, for its/their own use. Most trademarks are individual marks. See also certification mark, collective mark.
intent to use
A declaration which must be included an application filed at the USPTO, when the trademark is not yet in actual use in commerce at the time of filing. In this situation, only a notice of allowance can be issued instead of an actual trademark registration, in which case a statement of use must subsequently be filed within 6 months.
International Bureau
A unit at WIPO which administers the Madrid system for international registration of trademarks.
Legal Instruments Examiner – a position classification for USPTO employees charged with docketing cases and other administrative processing that support the workflow and examination of applications.
likelihood of confusion
Likelihood of confusion is the key relationship between two trademarks which determines whether they both can be used in commerce at the same time without infringing upon each other. The likelihood of confusion is also what determines whether a new trademark can be registered or not (that is, whether an opposition will be successful or not). The main factors in determining the likelihood of confusion are the similarity of the marks themselves and the similarity of the products for which the mark(s) will be used (or registered), but a number of other factors can also be a part of theequation, such as price, channels of sale, target customer groups, and actual confusion. The concept of likelihood of confusion is central in trademark law, which is why the entire TrademarkNow system is built around a computational model representing this key factor. See also relative grounds.
Madrid system
The Madrid system for the international registration of marks is a way to register a trademark in multiple jurisdictions. The trademark rights acquired through the Madrid system are still national rights and as such subject to national examination and national fees for each individual country, which must be specified in the application. The main advantage of the Madrid system is that the applicant only has to deal with a single registering office (the International Bureau of the WIPO) for all the foreign countries and no local representative is required for each country. See also the USPTO Madrid FAQs.
The visible graphic representation of a trademark. In the interest of clarity, the Corsearch website always uses mark in this sense and trademark only to denote the scope of the trademark right as a whole, namely consisting of the mark and a list of goods and services.
Nice classification
An international classification system for the goods and services of a registered trademark, which is currently in use in nearly all jurisdictions throughout the world (Canada is one notable exception). The classification consists of 45 main classes, classes 1 to 34 for goods and classes 35 to 45 for services. In the TrademarkNow system, the classes are represented by class icons in addition to the class numbers to make the classification scheme more user-friendly.
Notice of Allowance
When a trademark application at the USPTO is based on an intent to use, provisionally a Notice of Allowance (NoA) is issued instead of a registration proper. The applicant must file a statement of use documenting actual use of the mark in commerce to get it registered.
Office for Harmonization on the Internal Market (Trade Marks and Designs). The former name of EUIPO, the EU trademark agency.
Depending on the jurisdiction, the uniqueness of a trademark (see likelihood of confusion, relative grounds) is examined by the registering office to a limited degree or even not at all. Instead, the owner of the trademark which the application potentially infringes upon must be active and file an opposition (a form of administrative proceeding, usually with the possibility of administrative and/or judicial appeal) with the registering office. The opposition must be filed within a certain time window, typically 30 days, between the publication and registration dates.
See common-law trademark.
Phonetic Orthographic Computer Analysis, a similarity metric used by the FDA for evaluating proposed proprietary names for new pharmaceutical products. In addition to comparing the name candidate for the new drug against names of existing products, the algorithm also compares additional factors, that is, a number of other product attributes, between the new product and existing ones.
primary register
The main trademark register at the USPTO. Only trademarks included in the primary register are reliably protected against unauthorized use by others, whereas registration in the supplemental register only protects against registration by others. Most other jurisdictions only have the equivalent of the primary register as their only trademark register.
In trademark law the exclusive right (the trademark) is awarded to whoever is first. This is called priority. You can get priority by being the first one to to file an application for registration of a mark or by being the first one to use the mark in the marketplace, but "being first" can take many other forms as well: see exhibition priority.
proceeding language (EUIPO)
The language for legal proceedings against the trademark, see application language.
products (goods and services)
A trademark is always registered for some particular product(s) (goods and/or services. The trademark is only protected for these specific products, with the exception of famous or well-known marks. As a part of the registration, the products are categorized according to the Nice Classification. The permissible range of products for an individual trademark varies depending on the jurisdiction. In the US, trademarks are only registered for the products for which the mark is actually being used, whereas in the EU, marks can even be registered for all products in all 45 classes, though the unused parts of the product list can be subject to cancellation due to non-use.
The USPTO assigns a pseudo mark representing the standard spelling for marks which contain an alternative or intentionally corrupted spelling of an English word, for example FOREVER for 4EVER.
Once the trademark application has been officially examined and found suitable for registration as far as the registering office is concerned, the application is published in the office's official journal/gazette. Publication also starts the time window for opposition, after which (if unopposed) the registration itself is published as well.
registered trademark
A trademark which has been registered at one or more trademark offices. Basically anything that can be represented graphically and is capable of distinguishing the commercial source of a product can be registered. Although most trademarks are either word marks, figurative marks and combination marks, also for example sounds, colors and smells have been registered.
The date from which the trademark right begins. The trademark is published in an official journal on or near the registration date.
A fee must be paid when applying for a registered trademark. The fee is non-refundable even if the application is rejected. A similar (or higher) fee must also be paid upon renewal. The fees depend on the number of product classes included in the application. At the USPTO the additional fee is the same for each individual class, whereas at the EUIPO the higher base fee now only covers the first class and the fee for each additional class is lower. More information on fees at USPTO and EUIPO.
Some trademark agencies, such as the USPTO, assign a new running number as a unique identifier for registered trademarks, whereas others, such as EUIPO, only use the application number for identifying registered trademarks as well.
relative grounds
The European term for likelihood of confusion. Relative grounds for refusal of registration entail all the factors relative to other trademarks which may hinder registration. See also absolute grounds.
A trademark registration is not automatically perpetual but rather granted for a limited term, nowadays almost universally 10 years at a time. Unlike other intellectual property rights, the duration of a trademark registration has no absolute upper limit, but rather it can be renewed any number of times as long as the trademark continues to be in use and the registration (renewal) fees are paid.
Someone appointed by the owner of the trademark to represent the owner before the trademark agency in all matters related to the trademark, typically a trademark lawyer (or law firm) or an employee. Normally a representative must be domiciled in the same jurisdiction as the registering office (for the EU: any EEA country is enough). This requirement can be circumvented by filing an international application using the Madrid system, in which case a single representative is sufficient for all jurisdictions.
secondary register
See supplemental register.
A uniquely identifying number assigned to a trademark application when it is filed. Also termed application number, see also registration number.
In the Nice classification, classes 35 to 45 are for services, which means products in the form of someone doing something for some commercial purpose. Actions which are only done by a company as an essential part of the process of selling its own products do not qualify as services for the purpose of trademark registration. That is, if you just make and sell widgets, you cannot get a valid registration for your mark for the services design (class 42), manufacturing (40), marketing (35), and transportation (39), if you do not offer these services by themselves as well. See also goods.
service mark
A trademark which designates services rather than tangible goods.
A statement documenting the actual use of a trademark in the marketplace.
supplemental register
A secondary trademark register at the USPTO, for marks which have some distinctiveness but not enough to be eligible for registration on the principal register. Registration on the supplemental register by itself grants no exclusive right to stop others from using the mark in question, but it does stop others from registering it.
trade dress
The physical appearance of a product or its packaging.
Basically anything that can be represented graphically and is capable of distinguishing the commercial origins of a product can be used as a trademark. A trademark gives its owner an exclusive right to use the mark for some specific products. The right to a trademark can be acquired through registration or use. Also spelled trade mark and trade-mark.
Alternative spelling for trademark officially prefer(r)ed in the EU, UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand.
trade-mark
Alternative spelling for trademark officially prefer(r)ed in Canada. Also used officially in the US until the 1970s.
trademark office
A government agency responsible for maintaining the trademark registry for the jurisdiction in question. It is worth noting that the same territory may be under the jurisdiction of several trademark offices. This is the case for example with federal and state trademarks in the US, and European Union Trade Marks and Member States' national marks in the EU. See USPTO, EUIPO, and a complete list at WIPO.
trademark symbols
® registered trademark, ™ (unregistered) trademark, ℠ (unregistered) service mark.
The name(s) a business uses to identify itself. A corporation must be named when it is registered. A registered trade name can be used to claim priority in an opposition proceeding.
US classification
The classification system for goods and services used by the USPTO as a primary classification until September 1, 1973. Now superseded by the Nice Classification, but the original classification codes are still present in the USPTO data, and they are automatically generated for all new applications as well.
A trademark must be in active use to remain in force. In the US, use is examined already at the application stage and the applicant must file either an intent to use or a statement of use document during the application process depending on whether the mark is already in use or not. In other jurisdictions, such as the EU, use can be examined first much later on, typically starting 5 years after the registration date, at which point the trademark registration can be canceled either fully or only for the products for which it is not in use, through a legal process.
The United States Patent and Trademark Office. The federal-level trademark office in the US, for registering trademarks which are used in interstate commerce.
Vienna classification
An international classification scheme for the graphic elements in figurative and combination marks. Maintained by the World Intellectual Property Organization. The USPTO does not use the Vienna Classification, but instead its own system of design search codes.
well-known mark
A trademark which has a high reputation and is recognized by a significant part of the public. A well-known mark enjoys greater protection against dilution through a lower threshold for likelihood of confusion. This means that the trademark is protected also beyond the products for which it is registered and actually used, and for identical products the similarity required for infringement can be lower.
A trademark in the form of a words regardless of their graphic design.
Further information: USPTO glossary and FAQ, EUIPO FAQ.
The Top Five Trademark Law Developments in 2019
How to Check Competitors' Trademark Status Online
How to Find the Best Trademark Attorney: Seven Questions to Ask


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INEOS Automotive Unveils Name and Logo of New Car
By Editor September 25, 2019
Categories: Automotive
INEOS Automotive has announced that its "utilitarian 4×4" will be named 'Grenadier' after the Knightsbridge-located pub in which it was conceived, with over 6,000 fans and followers responding to an online poll to choose the car's name.
Founded by billionaire Sir Jim Ratcliffe, reportedly Britain's third richest man, the new automotive brand aims to manufacture a four-wheel drive off-roader inspired by the looks and functionally of the classic Land Rover Defender.
The new vehicle, which will be powered by BMW-supplied engines, and whose engineering has largely been developed by Germany's MBTech, formerly part of Mercedes-Benz, is to be built in a bespoke new manufacturing facility located in Bridgend, South Wales.
Site development is already said to be under way to support the car's planned start of production in 2021.
"Combining rugged British spirit with German engineering rigour, the Grenadier will be a truly uncompromising 4×4 built from the ground up. Engineered to overcome all conditions, it will provide best-in-class off-road capability, durability and reliability to those who depend on a vehicle as a working tool, wherever they are in the world," says the company, which is a subsidiary of INEOS Group, the global chemicals giant of which Ratcliffe is the founder, chairman and majority shareholder.
Source: INEOS Automotive
Tags: 4x4, A, arrow, branding, car badge, identity design, INEOS Automotive, INEOS Group, Jim Ratcliffe, logo, logotype, MBTech, naming, pub, red, SUV, wordmark
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Automotive Branding: VUHL


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Ukraine withdrawal shocks nation
September 1, 2015 March 6, 2015 by Doug DeVries
Ukraine (MNN) — Despite the Minsk ceasefire, Ukraine lost an important city in the fight to keep their nation intact.
According to reports, President Petro Poroshenko ordered the Ukraine withdrawal from Debaltseve, a key rail hub in Eastern Ukraine after days of fierce fighting. Troops are believed to have fought their way out of a surrounded city to avoid surrendering or being taken prisoner.
(Image courtesy of Mission Eurasia)
President of Mission Eurasia (formerly Russian Ministries) Sergey Rakhuba says the country's demeanor isn't good. "There's lots of discouragement, and [many are] disillusioned in the community and society there. People believed that the ceasefire would be the turning point for peace to be restored."
Rakhuba says some churches they support are now behind enemy lines. "Teams are trying to reach those areas. People are trapped in half-destroyed villages. They're driving their vans loaded with humanitarian assistance."
While many Christians escaped, Rakhuba says at least one pastor stayed. "He says our congregation grew by two or three times now. We don't have enough room in our small church. They're looking for hope. The church is reaching out to people on both sides with the Gospel."
Mission Eurasia continues to provide I-Care Packs, which contain food, hygiene items, and Scripture. The ministry is also providing encouragement to pastors on the frontlines of assistance. "We bring pastors together for special training seminars, providing training on leadership in the midst of war and turmoil. We help them to train volunteer counselors."
Rakhuba says the only answer to this conflict is the Gospel. "The Gospel transforms people's hearts, especially when the Gospel is supported by practical deeds of believers."
Your financial support will help Mission Eurasia do this work.
In the meantime, pray for unity for a once-unified Russian/Ukrainian evangelical church.
Mark Luckey new international director of ECM
Syrian refugees flee ISIS


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Standard Issues
Standards Outlook: Conducting a Document Review
by Russell, J.P.
Some industry sectors require documentation that has word-for-word traceability between the MS documentation and audit criteria. For internal audits, document reviews can be part of a routine audit of an area, rather than a separate document review. Docum...
Standards Outlook: Automakers Shift Manual Into Another Gear
by Reid, R. Dan
The Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) published the second edition of the Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP) and Control Plan Reference Manual this summer....
Standards Outlook: What's Really Important
by West, John E. "Jack"
By the end of this year, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is expected to issue a new version of ISO 9001....
Standards Outlook: Down With Silos
by Liebesman, Sandford
Businesses today have multiple management systems, including financial, quality and environmental. Unfortunately, these management systems usually do not talk to one another....
Standards Outlook: Ensuring Supplier Quality
by Schnoll, Les
I've worked in the medical device and pharmaceutical/biotechnology industries, and I've concluded that when it comes to quality, the medical device world is at least 20 years ahead of its drug-world cousin....
Standards Outlook: Ready for Takeoff
by Cressionnie, L.L. "Buddy"
The International Aerospace Quality Group (IAQG) is putting finishing touches on the next revision of AS9100, the quality management system (QMS) standard for the aviation, space and defense (AS&D) industries....
Standards Outlook: Off to a Good Start
Clause 6.2.6 of the U.S. supplement for the International Organization for Standardization's (ISO) auditing standard provides guidelines for establishing initial contact with the auditee....
Standards Outlook: Hazardous to Your Health
One hospital chain in my area has a snappy ad saying your selection of a hospital could be the most important choice you will ever make. This might be true—going into the hospital these days can be hazardous to your health....
Standards Outlook: ISO 9001 and Advantage in the Marketplace
You have completed the ISO 9001 certification audit process and received an accredited certificate of registration from the registrar. Your organization has joined the nearly one million others around the world to achieve this distinction....
Standards Outlook: How to Manage Risk in a Global Economy
The global economy has provided opportunities that didn't exist just 10 years ago. But the flattening of the Earth via the internet and extensive outsourcing to countries such as China and Mexico have also presented organizations with many risks....
Standards Outlook: Product vs. System Quality
by Gordon, Dale K.
We live in an era in which complex and technologically advanced products are produced on a regular basis. Little concern is given to the engineering and advanced process capabilities that are required to produce them....


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Dann 'The Night Crawler' Hailey
Dann 'The night crawler' hailey
The Night Crawler (Hiker Trash Extraordinaire): Just another man who grew tired of the trappings of civilized life.
So with absolutely no hiking nor camping experience, I set off on a 2,200-mile journey up The Appalachian Trail. Where others found mostly toil and suffering, I discovered a love and respect for the natural world around me.
I enjoyed that journey so deeply, I've embarked on a several thousand-mile footpath every year since. With over 8,000 miles of hiking in just three years, I've come to realize that there's no end in sight, and nowhere I can't go.
With over 8,000 miles of hiking in just three years, I've come to realize that there's no end in sight and nowhere I can't go.
Fast Five Q & A:
What's your primary activity on public lands?
Mostly it has been doing thru-hikes that take me through some of our public lands. Lately I've been introduced to them in a whole different light through the eyes of Michelle. Now we're traveling to different public lands and exploring the different treasures that each has to offer. This has opened my eyes to how much they need our support to continue to exist for future generations to enjoy.
What do you do when you're not hiking?
Travel has become my life: either on foot or in our van, we're enjoying and documenting public lands in hopes of inspiring others to go see what's out there, or bringing it home for those who are unable to see it for themselves.
Why is the Appalachian Trail special to you?
Being my first trail ever, it holds a special place in my heart. I swear I can feel the Spirit of the Trail while I'm out there. I actually can't wait to hike it again.
How did you first learn about the AT?
I didn't know anything about long trails or anything like that. YouTube led me to a hiker's vlog because I was interested in dehydrating food. I learned about thru-hiking and the Appalachian Trail that day, and a few months later I was out doing my first hike, which happened to be 2200 miles.
Any other favorite spots you recommend?
My favorite so far has been Anza Borrego. It was so vast, covering so much elevation, that you can see so many different aspects of the desert that you'd never expect. From intense flower blooms to intricate rock carvings created by wind and water, this place has so much to offer that you can visit it and never see the same thing twice.
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Melanie Williams
Meet Melanie, an avid photographer who loves capturing the natural beauty of Arizona!
Atlas – Guthook Guides
Meet Atlas Guides, creators of Guthook Guides – the most popular app for long-distance hikers. Where will *you* go #withguthook?
Red Rock Ranger District
Year-round endless adventure abounds on the 550,000 acre Red Rock District of the Coconino National Forest, regardless the season or your ability level. From effortless scenic drives to strenuous backpacks, and everything between, it's no surprise that this is the busiest and most popular District on the Coconino National Forest.


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Manufacturing Jobs Coming to Area: Carpino and Cromwell officials tour GKN
By Community Contributor michael.downes
CROMWELL - High-tech manufacturing is thriving in Connecticut. GKN Aerospace Services Structure Corporation has plans to hire more workers and expand significantly within Connecticut in the near future.
Rep. Christie Carpino (Cromwell, Portland) joined Cromwell Mayor, Enzo Faienza, Deputy Mayor, Dick Newton, Councilman, Frank Emanuelle, Councilman, Al Waters and Economic Development Commission members, for a tour of the Cromwell site, March 26.
Rep. Carpino, who toured the facility four years ago, said she returned to learn new details about GKN's growth and plans for expansion.
GKN opened its Cromwell location over a decade ago to manufacture fan cases for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter used by the U.S. Military. GKN has expanded the number of products they manufacture in Cromwell to include rotor blade tip caps and numerous composite parts used in civilian and military aircraft throughout the world.
"GKN is an industry leader. They tackle difficult industry problems and utilize sophisticated manufacturing processes for solutions. GKN has demonstrated its commitment to Cromwell through expanding in Connecticut and through their dedication to the greater Cromwell community," said Rep. Carpino.
On March 17, Connecticut's Bond Commission awarded GKN a grant to assist with its development and capability advancement. $1 million will be awarded to GKN this year. Installments are scheduled through 2018 if the company creates 100 jobs within six years.
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Cromwell mayor, Enzo Faienza, said he is pleased that GKN is scheduled to receive these funds, and that new jobs will be created in Cromwell.
"It was a true pleasure meeting with the GKN team and touring their wonderful Cromwell facility. They are a major leader in the aerospace industry and I'm proud of the growth and success they have achieved in Cromwell," he said.
GKN President and General Manager, David Olchowski, said the company's Cromwell expansion plans includes developing new technology and production facilities.
[Related] Local businesses team up with Berlin's public library for community scavenger hunt »
Olchowski also said GKN has plans to work more closely with the area's schools and community colleges to promote manufacturing and recruit new employees.
"By working with our local schools and colleges, the youth of Cromwell and the surrounding area will benefit. Manufacturing jobs are critical to our town and state," said Emanuelle.
This item was posted by a community contributor. To read more about community contributors, click here.


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Q: Story identification: fantasy series about Castle Inverness Back in the late 80's to early 90's I read a strange book about a family from Castle Inverness; they have defended the earth from demons invading for centuries  (I'm 99% sure "Inverness" is in the title; but I can't find anything online; it's either Castle Inverness or Return to Inverness or ??). I'm pretty sure it's a series but I only read the first book.
 The "lord" of the castle is bed ridden; technology can only be used briefly in the castle to check on him (i.e. with a flash light). Later you find out the the old man is alive; his soul is trapped in the magic realm of swords and sorcery.
There are many characters in the story. I think there were two sons. One son tries to rescue the father (the lord of the castle) but he is tricked into helping the main villain; who is now free and the son is imprisoned in a cage of spikey bones (I think) hanging at an impossible height.
 The other son didn't believe in magic and left the castle years before; but he returns to be with his father and eventually realizes that magic and demons are real. At the end of the novel, he magically wields Thor's hammer, he throws it twice to fight the enemy and it breaks both of his arms (upon catching it).
I also remember a married couple who were involved somehow. At the end of the first book, the husband wields the Ring from Wagner's Ring cycle (to fight the demons) and his wife abandons him. The wife is actually a fairy and she remembers who she really is and she flies off because her husband did something terrible to defend her earlier in the story.
 There was also a mildly humorous section about the demons recruiting ignorant and disgruntled humans to help them fight against the heroes. These humans had no idea what they were signing up for and eventually they would wind up as skins for the demons to wear.
 I vaguely remember that the cover of the book depicted a storm over a castle and I think there may have been a knight swinging a sword at the storm.
Does anyone know what this series is?


Your not so typical love story, of finding meaning and home in the most unexpected places.
I travelled to Malawi during the December holiday and as soon as I arrived I dreaded the experience. I was hoping there would be WIFI everywhere and that the roads would not be as bad as in Zimbabwe, but as soon as we left the tarred road on to the path to my grandmother's house the reality that my holiday was not going to be as luxurious as I had hoped it would, sunk in.
In that moment I realised that I was a fraud. I always tell people about how I want to work in the human rights space and how I love working with people, but here I was in the centre of the place that requires the most help and knowledge in terms of rights and I couldn't wait to leave even before I arrived.
During the second day, I stopped being in denial and accepted that I felt how I felt and that was the reality of it all. As soon as I did that my mind immediately started trying to figure out how to make Malawi work for me. I began to realise that although the place was not ideal, the reason I was not up for it was that I felt going was not worth my time. If my brother was there and he needed me I would have taken a bicycle on that dust road if needs be and gone to him.
A second thing that I realised was that I was still overcoming the trauma from losing my friend a few weeks before, in a car accident. The road she was on did not have rocks and bumps at every corner but she still did not make it through. And I think being on even worse roads made my anxiety about travelling heighten and I kept thinking about how I would not survive if I had to lose anyone in the car with me at the time.
Having my eyes wide open the entire road trip constantly praying that we don't collide into another car or hoping we don't rummage off the road and fly out on to trees or fall down under one of the badly made bridges really ruined the entire experience. I just didn't want to be there at all and the people around me not understanding the reason why, made the entire trip depressing for all of us.
Once I understood all of that and forgave myself for my horrible reaction I finally gave Malawi a chance. Even though I strongly felt like it was not home and it never would be and I didn't get why anyone lives there, I began to see the happiness in many of the children's faces, like they did not want to be anywhere else. I saw men, multiple times, holding hands with one another whilst walking in the streets, which I never see back home. I saw couples going to school together or eating lunch with one another when they were supposed to be at work. At the market place, which smelled really badly and had just rained and was damp everywhere, the guys selling apples, who were definitely at the smelliest place of all and had their fruits rained on, were not bothered and kept the business going with smiles on their faces.
I still wanted to go home through seeing all of this but it made my heart warm to see Black people making it work through the hardest of circumstances. It was amazing to see people still moving and still happy even though they have to walk back home at the end of the day with their many goods on that dusty road with rocks and literal twists and turns. And one of the things that made me happiest of all was when, in the middle of the night, we had to ask a random stranger into our car with us to show us where we're supposed to go. That man took us right to the doorstep of our destination without harming us or asking for a thing in return. He even walked himself back home because he knew how long and difficult the drive was for us and he didn't want us to get lost again.
Down South the spirit of Ubuntu nowadays is a bit deadly and one might argue, more theoretical than practical but up there it is still very real. You can risk parking your car out on the street and when you wake up in the morning the windows will not be bashed in.
It was extremely refreshing to not have to be anxious about my safety at all times and in terms of that, I am extremely grateful to Malawi. But I still felt like I had to hide my gadgets every time I left my grandmother's house. "Old habits die hard" I guess. I am just really happy that I managed to find love in Malawi. The love that people can still have for each other even through such a hard life and the love that people have for their work regardless of how unappealing it might be.


Directions for theSpanish Talking Watch From Future Aids, The Braille Superstore.
Place the watch on a table in front of you, with the metal clasp on the left, and the indented button (Mode) facing you on your left. We will refer to this indented button as bottom-left. Before we begin, press Mode until a beep is heard.
Press Mode once to enter the time-setting function.
Press the Minute and Hour buttons to set the time.
Press the Mode button again. You may now repeat the above procedure to set the alarm.
Now, press Mode again. The alarm is now off. To turn the alarm on, press Mode once more and a higher, shorter beep will be heard.
Press Minute to turn Hourly report on and off.
Press Hour to select your favorite alarm.


text:
Q: boot2docker, docker mount.vboxsf: automount mounting failed with the error: No such file or directory I am trying to automount an OS folder (Windows 8) not in the user folder into boot2docker on its init script, but run into the above error.
Mounting works fine when I run it manually:
sudo mount -t vboxsf mydirectory /mapped/mydirectory

But when restarting boot2docker it forgets, so I'm trying to get it automounted to the folder already created in the OS.
Following the instructions, I am trying to get it automounted by the above command inside the script,
/var/lib/boot2docker/bootlocal.sh

which does execute as shown by the boot2docker startup script:
-------------- ran /var/lib/boot2docker/bootlocal.sh
Finished boot2docker init script.

Inside the logs at
/var/log/bootlocal.log

I see the following error:
mount.vboxsf: mounting failed with the error: No such file or directory

As recommended by the documentation I'm using:
I have tried adding to
sudo modprobe vboxsf

as recommended by https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?t=5851
but no avail - the same error occurs.
UPDATE:
I figured out the issue.
Even though the folders exist on the filesystem, for whatever reason they aren't accessible until post login, so adding the folders in the
/var/lib/boot2docker/bootlocal.sh

like
echo "starting mounting"
sudo modprobe vboxsf
sudo mkdir /mapped
sudo mkdir /mapped/AAA
sudo mkdir /mapped/BBB
sudo mkdir /mapped/CCC
sudo mount -t vboxsf AAA /mapped/AAA
sudo mount -t vboxsf BBB /mapped/BBB
sudo mount -t vboxsf CCC /mapped/CCC
echo "   done mounting"

worked, and they now survive restarts. Yay!


The McKenzie Fire & Rescue Fire District protects 45 miles of Oregon's McKenzie River between Springfield and Blue River. At just over 9,000 sf in size, this clear span rigid frame building features a partial mezzanine, VR16 II vertical rib standing seam roof with hip & valley conditions, a below-eave canopy at the rear entrance, and structural insulated panel (SIP) with fiber cement siding and brick exterior. Replacing their outdated building, this building provides vehicle spaces for six fire engines, bunk spaces, kitchen, fitness center and shop.


Chrome Soft Truvis Golf Balls combine Tour-proven distance and performance, unparalleled feel, our popular Truvis pattern, and exceptional mis-hit forgiveness, led by the groundbreaking new Graphene Dual Soft Fast Core.
Choose from the red and white, pink and white, black and yellow or blue and white Truvis patterns. They're specifically designed to maximize your view of the golf ball for better focus and visibility.


Discussion in 'Overclocking & Hardware' started by Pwnography6, Jan 28, 2013.
When it comes to PC component companies Gelid Solutions is still a fairly young player in the game. Founded in 2008 the Swiss managed, Hong Kong based company has garnered a reputation for their range of fans, coolers and more recently the CG Extreme thermal paste. Trailing of this success Gelid have ventured into the ever evolving and always competitive world of PC Cases with their new case the "DarkForce".
The DarkForce falls at the more expensive end of low budget cases coming in with a manufacturer's suggested retail price of $135 USD, $130 Aus. With a Matte Black finish the case is made of a combination of Steel and Plastic and comes with a Factory installed 3mm thick acrylic window. This Mid-Size chassis is compatible with both Standard ATX / Micro ATX motherboards, and comes backed with a two year manufacturer's warranty.
The DarkForce comes in a simple no gimmick blue tone box with the necessary Specs displayed clearly on the outside. The front side of the box displays a wide shot photo of the case as well as highlighting some of the key features.
On the left side we can see a list of the DarkForce's specifications, with some packaging details and company logos displayed at the bottom.
The Rear side of the box features a large picture of the case without the side panel installed highlighting some of the key interior features of the case.
With the case removed from the box we can see that it has been wrapped in a thick plastic bag then held snugly in place by two Styrofoam packing ends.
Gelid seems to have taken a step back from the current trend of military themed cases and instead opted for a "less is more" strategy. The front and top panels are made up of a combination of gloss black mesh and matte black plastic molding. The mesh is backed with some wire dust filters which can be removed and cleaned when the need arises.
The top of the case also houses a hot swap tray supporting both 5.25" / 3.5' HDD or SDD, as well I/O panel. We can also find seated here, audio ports, 1x USB 3.0, 2x USB 2.0 and an eSATA port.
Moving to the left side we can see a large acrylic window protected by some clear sheet. The 3mm acrylic is held in place with twelve plastic split pins you may also notice the sheet is fixed to the outside of the steel case panel. This may have just been an oversight by Gelid and is my only overall issue with the outside of the case. Not a major issue though as the panel can easily be swapped to the inside by a crafty modder.
Looking down the right side of the case there is an instantly noticeable feature, the inclusion of a fan mounts located directly over the CPU socket.
This mount allows the option to install either a 80mm or 120mm fan with a max depth of 15mm (slim fan), over the rear of the socket to feed the area with cold air. Unfortunately for most users an extra fan will need to be purchased if wanting to use this mount as most case fans have a depth of around 25mm so any old 120 isn't going to cut it. I would have liked if this fan came factory installed so I could fully utilize the feature straight from the box.
Checking out round back of the DarkForce we can see a 120mm exhaust fan mounted at the top with the power supply mount sitting at the bottom of the case. Looking a bit closer reveals 8 PCI slots with an extra "Vertical" slot running parallel to the rest. This slot can be used for external devices or peripherals without interfering with the standard PCI mounts. The Case also features three water tube grommets above the exhaust fan making the task of exterior mounted water cooling a lot easier.
Underneath we start to see some of the other mounting features of the DarkForce. Besides the rear venting for the power supply there is some options for mounting some fans and a radiator. The cases feet are quite high which will provide a great air channel if going with floor mounted cooling.
Next let's take a look at what hides inside.
Once the panels are removed we can get our first glance at the DarkForce's interior design. A white accessories box is attached to the motherboard tray via a twist tie with the contents of the box clearly printed on the visible side.
Offering up to four 5.25" bays, each bay has a tool free installation clip perfect for those of us that hate having 1000 screws kicking round.
The bottom bay contains a removable tray which works as an adapter for installation of 3.5" and 2.5" devices.
Gelid has designed their 3.5" bay system to be extremely customisable and completely tool free. The system features two steel cages each containing three plastic pinch & pull to open "Drawers".
Where these bays really shine is with the option to customise your setup using a 4 way HDD combo system. With a "stock" install there are six 3.5" bays in total and a seventh in the aforementioned 5.25" tray.
But here's the cool part, the cages can be removed using a few easy to access thumbscrews. This is where the 4 way combo comes into play.
Got long graphics cards? That's cool just pull out the top cage.
Want to install a floor radiator? Remove the bottom cage.
Or for maximum space remove both!
The majority of the cables included have been sleeved with a tight weave plastic braid that is extremely hard to see thru. I have found very few companies that offer sleeved case cables and personally I really like this addition. With that said some larger cables such as the sata data and usb 3.0 cables are unsleeved but instead are a matching solid black colour.
As a long time user of their fans I have come to love the quality of Gelids sleeving, being one of the only companies to sleeve the entire length of the cable. Unfortunately this trait has not continued across to the case cables, although the sleeve is of similar quality the cables stop a few inches short of the complete cable length.
The DarkForce also has a good selection of hidey spots for the cable management enthusiasts, with five access holes for cable routing. An unforeseen benefit of the rear CPU cooler is that the area behind the tray is slightly deeper than most cases, this will also ease the task of concealing tangles of cable.
Being a cooling orientated company it's no surprise that the DarkForce has mounting for up to eight fans and one "Supported" Radiator. While Gelid have only stated support for the floor mounted 120 or 240mm radiator, an additional 120mm could easily be mounted in numerous locations, while a 240 radiator could be made to fit in the front or roof with minor modifications.
The top of the case can be fitted with either two 120mm or two 140mm fans. Continuing with an easy install theme the whole top panel can be removed using four screws, this will make fan installs and the following cable management go a lot quicker and smoother.
The front of the case has a single 120mm fan installed stock but has mounting holes for another 120mm fan directly above.
The floor is where a lot of the cooling action happens in the DarkForce case. With the ability to install a 120 or 140mm radiator or fan without removing the 3.5 cage, but once the cage is removed it makes way for two 120 or two 140mm fans or a 240 radiator.
Although offering so many mounting options Gelid have only included two 120mm fans, one mounted in the front intake and the other in the rear exhaust position. Both fans have a speed of 1200 RPM and come sleeved in the same style black sleeve as the rest of the included cables.
Probably one of the most surprising and useful features, especially in a case of this price was the built in Fan Extension PCB's. You will find these extension boards located at the top and the bottom of the motherboard tray at the rear of the front bays and conveniently placed near cable management access points.
These extensions can power up to three fans each for a total of six fans without any added wiring or power connections, this ultimately helps to reduce cable clutter inside the case. Both these fan headers are connected via a clean sleeved cable and powered by a standard 4 pin male Molex.
Gelid offers up the standard array of spares and accessories with the DarkForce. To start we can see a fairly straight forward visual instruction manual with the different installations in a variety of languages.
We can also see Gelid have included a case badge displaying their text logo as well as cable ties, Case Lock, Standoff tool, USB Cover, 3.5mm jack cover, eSATA cover and the normal selection of case screws.
For this installation I tried to install the largest size components I had available. So with the motherboard installed, which in this test setup is an Asus Sabertooth 990FX, we can see it nearly ends up flush to the cable management portals. This may become a problem for people using longer style motherboards such as the eVGA v77.
The rear mounting bracket for our CPU cooler is also easily accessible a minor detail but important as many cases seem to miss the alignment altogether.
Back to the front of the case now the Tuniq tower extreme CPU cooler which measure in at 150mm, 15mm shorter than Gelid's max recommended height of 165mm.
I also used a GTX275 as it's one of the longer cards I have available notice that this particular card still has a bit of room to breathe at the bay end, Gelid suggests a max of 410mm graphics card. The joy of the combo swap HDD cages though is if a longer card needs to be installed the cage can be removed.
Installation went smoothly with the case giving me room to move in all the right places. Options for running cables where vast letting me hide a majority of the wires from my OEM Modular supply.
The DarkForce was a pleasure to work with and with a few tweaks Gelid may really be onto a winning formula for future case endeavours. Besides my feelings on the "Inside out window" and the lack of the rear CPU socket Fan I could see myself using this case for a mod project based on the cooling opportunities alone.
I would definitely recommend the DarkForce for PC builders who don't want to sacrifice cooling potential, but may not have the budget for a high tier Air Cooled Case. With a minimalist approach to exterior looks, whilst not pulling any punches in the features, Gelid really have produced an exceptional addition to their product line.
Big Thank you to the team at The Kool Room for supplying the Gelid DarkForce used in this review.
decent looking case, build on the cm690 II in some ways.
- be awesome if they included their own higher end fans.
- window needs to be mounted inside personally.
- case looks to have the correct mounting hole spacing for a rad (about time someone got this right).


text:
Slash Is Recording a New Solo Album
Dave Lifton Published: March 22, 2018
Photo credit: Scott Uchida
Slash ft. Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators are in the process of recording their third album. According to a press release we received, there is neither a title yet nor do we have an exact release date other than the knowledge that it is expected in the fall.
He shared the above photo with him and the band in the studio with producer Michael "Elvis" Baskette, who also helmed Slash's last effort, 2014's World on Fire. In addition to Kennedy as vocalist, the Conspirators consist of guitarist Frank Sidoris, bassist Todd Kerns and drummer Brent Fitz.
"I'm excited about the new stuff we put together for this next record; it's got some cool songs and it's got a great live feel." Slash said. "I've been working with Myles, Brent and Todd for about eight years now. It's been an amazing ride so far; as a band we continue to get better which is great. With the addition of Frank since the World on Fire tour, I feel we have hit a great, creative stride which I definitely think shows on this next record."
They plan to announce a full North American tour to coincide with the new record, but Slash acknowledged that he remains committed to his work in Guns N' Roses. "Guns N' Roses will be headlining European festivals this summer," he continued, "it's going to be a 110% performance and a huge blast. I love doing European fests and this is the first time we've done any proper festivals over there on the 'Not in This Lifetime Tour.' It's indescribable to explain these shows. I'm looking over and seeing Axl [Rose], Duff [McKagan] and Dizzy [Reed] whom I've known forever, but it also feels like an entirely new experience with Richard [Fortes], Frank [Ferrer] and Melissa [Reese]. It's like being in a new band, except there's a chemistry that is established from days of old, so it's a natural thing that's always been there."
Guns N' Roses Lineup Changes
Next: Top 10 Slash Songs
Filed Under: Slash
Categories: New Albums, News
Listen to Slash Guest on New Michael Monroe Single
Slash Reveals Truth Behind 'Sweet Child O' Mine' Creation Myth
Slash, Lifeson, McCartney Sign On for Ukraine Benefit Auction
Slash Says Guns N' Roses Have a 'Couple of Epic' Songs to Release
Slash Never Owned a Copy of 'Appetite for Destruction'
Guns N' Roses Were Toppled by 'Delusions of Grandeur' Says Slash
Slash, Elton John, Wolfgang Van Halen Sing for Taylor Hawkins
How George Harrison Foiled One of Slash's Musical Ambitions
Why Slash Gave Lenny Kravitz 'Always on the Run'


text:
No Power to the People
Roger Clegg, National Review Online, July 29, 2008
Ward Connerly, Jennifer Gratz, and the state leaders in Colorado, Arizona, and Nebraska have collected enough signatures to put civil-rights ballot initiatives before the voters there this November. These initiatives will ban preferences based on race, ethnicity, and sex—a.k.a., affirmative action—in public contracting, education, and employment.
Accordingly, the opponents [e.g., the group By Any Means Necessary, or BAMN] have done their best to torpedo the signature-gathering process by, well, any means necessary. Step one is to send its "blockers" to wherever petitions are being distributed. Additionally, a hotline is helpfully provided so that tips about people circulating petitions can be forwarded and the blockers dispatched.
Then the real fun begins. Shouting at the people distributing the petitions, lying about what the measure would do, and abusing and defaming everyone who disagrees with them is old hat for the blockers by now. Petty and not so petty assaults follow. [Even] the state's liberal media—no friend of the initiatives themselves—have condemned it.
The latest twist is that BAMN has now been caught on tape trying to bribe the signature-gatherers into turning the collected signatures over to BAMN, presumably so that they can be destroyed. BAMN has also tried secretly to submit bogus signatures itself, so that it can then point to them and challenge the whole effort as defective.
The initiative opponents include both white-collar and blue-collar thugs. The former are, in Colorado, attempting to derail the process by putting on the ballot a counterfeit measure, which looks just like the real thing, except it includes a sentence buried at the end that negates the rest of it.
And the white-collar allies sometimes include government officials. In one state, the petition itself was distorted in its official description (overturned by a court ruling), and later petition circulators were arrested for picketing on public property (such as in front of a public library and on public sidewalks).
Who are these people, and who is behind them? Well, in addition to BAMN itself (hard left, with Marxist roots), there is the infamous Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN), the Soros-funded Ballot Initiative Strategy Center, union organizers, wealthy minority contractors, the NAACP, and the ACLU.
Topics: Censorship, Corruption
< Illegal-Immigrant Population Dropping: Significant Decline Since Last Summer
Zimbabwe Drops 10 Zeros From Inflated Currency >
If You Can't Get Them on Domestic Terrorism Try Seditious Conspiracy


131 .IX Title "SUBSCRIPTIONS 5"
132 .TH SUBSCRIPTIONS 5 "2008-04-06" "INN 2.4.5" "InterNetNews Documentation"
138 returned by the \s-1NNTP\s0 command \s-1LIST\s0 \s-1SUBSCRIPTIONS\s0.
144 useful information for first-time Usenet users.
170 users group, one might want to list it first.
173 Written by Bettina Fink <laura@hydrophil.de> for InterNetNews.
175 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"


text:
The Sanctuary of the Storm
The Musings of Rob Salem
Rob Salem
The Stormworks
Salem's Childe
The Sin That Saves You
Earlier this year, my band, Salem's Childe, signed a deal with Pavement Entertainment that will see our upcoming record, "The Sin That Saves You," being released and distributed globally through Sony's The Orchard.
Since then, despite the pandemic, we've been busy trying to get everything in place that has to happen for a release like this, not least of which includes getting music videos put together.
The lead single and title track of the record, released on September 11, 2020, along with the accompanying music video. The video applies the lyrics of the song to the veteran suicide crisis, and attempts to give a look inside the mind of a combat veteran struggling with PTSD and suicidal thoughts. The video features former US Army Sergeant Mathieu Householder, and was conceptually collaborated on by retired US Army Staff Sergeant Scott Pretorius. Both men served combat tours as Infantry, and like many Soldiers, while they may have left the battlefield, in many ways the battlefield hasn't left them, and probably never will.
The lyrics of the song speak about internal struggle while holding onto the idea that even in darkness there must be light, there must be hope, and that sometimes that means embracing the negative as way to effect something positive. In the case of their application to the video, it pretty pointedly identifies combat troops as a necessary evil that most people are unwilling to acknowledge as such. It also points to the idea that while suicide is generally considered a "sin" in US culture and society, for those who seek it out it becomes the only that frees them, and thus "saves" them.
The music video for "The Sin That Saves You" can be viewed on the band's YouTube channel, and is embedded below:
Salem's Childe – The Sin That Saves You [Official Music Video]
The band followed up the music video with a short video in which Matt and Scott speak about the meaning of the music video, and what they hope it accomplishes. That video, also on the band's YouTube channel, is embedded here:
The record itself, a 12-track full-length record that's described as a "not-a-concept-album concept album" carries definite lyrical and musical themes that tell a loose narrative from start to finish.
"The Sin That Saves You" releases October 9, 2020, via Pavement Entertainment, and can be pre-ordered here: https://orcd.co/thesinthatsavesyou
Published by Rob Salem
Photographer, filmmaker, graphic designer, artist, writer, poet, musician. robsalem.net	View all posts by Rob Salem
Music, salem's childe
#veteransuicide, heavy metal, metal, music video, Pavement Entertainment, rob salem, salem's childe, suicide, suicide awareness, The Sin That Saves You, The Stormworks, Veteran's Issues
The Weight of Things to Come
Fowl Moon
Skol! Welcome to my blog! I am Rob Salem, photographer, artist, graphic designer, videographer, writer, and musician. This blog is sort of a catch-all for my various endeavors and interests, so you'll find a bit of everything here. Thanks for dropping by!
The Art of Loneliness
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Rise and grind. #metal #fitness #getsome #weightlifting https://t.co/bts7S6xrI3 1 day ago
RT @SexyMetalAngel1: Half naked with a cup of tea listening to @salemschilde this morning, gazing out at the fresh snowfall.. 🖤❄ #salemsch… 4 days ago
Thanks to my dad, Bat Out of Hell was a staple of my childhood, and a record that very much shaped me musically and… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 6 days ago
0500 wake up for this bullshit. Didn't wanna. Did it anyway. Because not getting better sucks more than getting up… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 6 days ago
Pieces of me. #photography #Freemasonry #freemason https://t.co/j0nUZbhBRE 1 week ago
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Life's Random Pieces
Midwesthell
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salem's childe


A magical step stool of fairies and flowers! Just the right height to help your youngster reach those hard to get to places. Sturdy construction and intricate hand painted design, make this a step stool for your little girl to cherish. Personalized with that special someone's name, it makes the perfect gift!


text:
Q: How does one change the levels of a factor column in a data.table What is the correct way to change the levels of a factor column in a data.table  (note: not data frame)
  library(data.table)
  mydt <- data.table(id=1:6, value=as.factor(c("A", "A", "B", "B", "B", "C")), key="id")

  mydt[, levels(value)]
  [1] "A" "B" "C"

I am looking for something like:
mydt[, levels(value) <- c("X", "Y", "Z")]

But of course, the above line does not work.
    # Actual               # Expected result
    > mydt                  > mydt
       id value                id value
    1:  1     A             1:  1     X
    2:  2     A             2:  2     X
    3:  3     B             3:  3     Y
    4:  4     B             4:  4     Y
    5:  5     B             5:  5     Y
    6:  6     C             6:  6     Z

A: I would rather go the traditional way of re-assignment to the factors
> mydt$value # This we what we had originally
[1] A A B B B C
Levels: A B C
> levels(mydt$value) # just checking the levels
[1] "A" "B" "C"
**# Meat of the re-assignment**
> levels(mydt$value)[levels(mydt$value)=="A"] <- "X"
> levels(mydt$value)[levels(mydt$value)=="B"] <- "Y"
> levels(mydt$value)[levels(mydt$value)=="C"] <- "Z"
> levels(mydt$value)
[1] "X" "Y" "Z"
> mydt # This is what we wanted
   id value
1:  1     X
2:  2     X
3:  3     Y
4:  4     Y
5:  5     Y
6:  6     Z

As you probably notices, the meat of the re-assignment is very intuitive, it checks for the exact level(use grepl in case there's a fuzzy math, regular expressions or likewise)
levels(mydt$value)[levels(mydt$value)=="A"] <- "X"
This explicitly checks the value in the levels of the variable under consideration and then reassigns X (and so on) to it - The advantage- you explicitly KNOW what labeled what.
I find renaming levels as here levels(mydt$value) <- c("X","Y","Z") very non-intuitive, since it just assigns X to the 1st level it SEES in the data (so the order really matters)
PPS : In case of too many levels, use looping constructs.

A: You can still set them the traditional way:
levels(mydt$value) <- c(...)

This should be plenty fast unless mydt is very large since that traditional syntax copies the entire object. You could also play the un-factoring and refactoring game... but no one likes that game anyway.
To change the levels by reference with no copy of mydt :
setattr(mydt$value,"levels",c(...))

but be sure to assign a valid levels vector (type character of sufficient length) otherwise you'll end up with an invalid factor (levels<- does some checking as well as copying).

A: You can also rename and add to your levels using a related approach, which can be very handy, especially if you are making a plot that needs more informative labels in a particular order (as opposed to the default):
f <- factor(c("a","b"))
levels(f) <- list(C = "C", D = "a", B = "b")

(modified from ?levels)

A: This is safer than Matt Dowle's suggestion (because it uses the checks skipped by setattr) but won't copy the entire data.table.  It will replace the entire column vector (whereas Matt's solution only replaces the attributes of the column vector) , but that seems like an acceptable trade-off in order to reduce the risk of messing up the factor object.
mydt[, value:=`levels<-`(value, c("X", "Y", "Z"))]

A: Simplest way to change a column's levels:
dat$colname <- as.factor(as.vector(dat$colname));