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Pierre Stamos, né vers 1941, est un skieur alpin français.

Biographie
Il est originaire de Chamonix et appartient à la grande équipe de France de ski alpin des années 60.

En janvier 1964, il se blesse avec son coéquipier Emile Viollat dans la descente d'entraînement
des jeux olympiques d'Innsbrück qui devait déterminer le  représentant de la France pour cette épreuve prévue 2 jours plus tard. Il ne participe donc pas à ces Jeux.

En 1965, il remporte la descente de la Coupe des nations. C'est l'unique victoire internationale française dans cette spécialité depuis la victoire de Jean Vuarnet aux Jeux olympiques en 1960. En mars 1965, il est vice-champion de France de descente à Morzine, 11 centièmes de seconde derrière Jules Melquiond.

En février 1966 à Chamrousse, il est vice-champion de France de descente derrière Jean-Claude Killy.

En aout 1966, aux championnats du monde de Portillo, il prend la  de l'épreuve de descente remportée par Jean-Claude Killy.

En 1966, il est acteur du film Skifascination réalisé par Willy Bogner.

Il met fin à sa carrière au printemps 1968.

Palmarès

Championnats du monde

Classiques internationales
Les résultats qui suivent ne sont qu'une vue très partielle de l'ensemble de ses performances.

1960 :
 Madonna di Campiglio () :  du slalom géant et du combiné,  de la descente

1961 :
 Mégève:  de la descente
 Murren (Kandahar):  de la descente

1962 :
 Sestrières (Kandahar):  du slalom
Kitzbühel :  du slalom
 Cortina d'Ampezzo :  de la descente

1963 :
 Wengen:  de la descente
 Mégève:  du slalom et du combiné
 Chamonix:  du combiné

1964 :
 Wengen:  du slalom
Bad Wiessee : Vainqueur du slalom
Madonna di Campiglio  :  des 2 descentes
Garmisch (Kandahar):  du slalom et  du combiné

1965
Coupe des nations à Davos : Vainqueur de la descente

 1966
 Val d'Isère:  de la descente (décembre 1965)

1968 :
 Kitzbühel :  du combiné et  du slalom

Championnats de France

Élite

Notes et références

Articles connexes
 Meilleures performances françaises aux Championnats du monde de ski alpin

Liens externes

Skieur alpin français


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text:
Reza Rahmani
Industry min.:
North-South Corridor golden opportunity for Oman to develop trade with Persian Gulf states
TEHRAN, Dec. 07 (MNA) – Iranian Industry Minister Reza Rahmani, on Saturday, said regarding the potential chances for cooperation between Iran and Oman on North-South Corridor, there is a golden opportunity for Oman to boost its trade with the Persian Gulf littoral states, as well as the Islamic Republic, through the corridor.
Economy minister says Iranian automakers ready to cooperate with Chinese investors
TEHRAN, Nov. 10 (MNA) – The Iranian economy minister says the Iranian car manufacturers and car part makers welcome joint investment and cooperation with their Chinese counterparts.
Industry min. arrives in Shanghai to attend China Intl. Import Expo
TEHRAN, Nov. 04 (MNA) – Iran's Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani arrived Shanghai to meet high ranking Chinese officials, as well as visiting the Second China International Import Expo on Monday morning.
By: Mehdi Almasi
Industry min. visits Zanjan prov. to inaugurate projects
ZANJAN, Nov. 02 (MNA) – Iranian Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani visited Zanjan province on Fri. for the inauguration of a plan to increase capacity of a nano garment production company and also launch of a new thread production line.
Imports on downward trajectory: Industry minister
TEHRAN, Oct. 27 (MNA) – Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani said on Sunday that the country's import volume is on a downward trajectory under the policy of the ministry.
Four types of vehicles to go out of production by yearend: Industry min.
TEHRAN, Oct. 23 (MNA) – Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani said that production line of four types of vehicles will be stopped by the end of the current year (started March 20, 2019).
Plans underway for manufacturing 200 cargo ships
TEHRAN, Oct. 17 (MNA) – Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani said that his ministry has targeted for manufacturing as many as 200 freight ships this year.
Planning underway to turn $10bn imports into domestic production
TEHRAN, Oct. 15 (MNA) – Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani said that planning is underway for converting $10 billion worth of imports to domestic production.
Isolating Iran in global equation 'impossible'
TEHRAN, Oct. 09 (MNA) – Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani said that sidelining and isolating Islamic Republic of Iran from the global equation is not possible.
Iran's imports volume to shrink $10bn by 2021
TEHRAN, Oct. 05 (MNA) – Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani said that country's imports volume will decrease $10 billion by 2021.
IranPlast 2019 kicks off in Tehran
TEHRAN, Sep. 22 (MNA) – The 13th International Exhibition of Plastics, Rubber, Machinery and Equipment (Iran Plast 2019) was inaugurated in Tehran on Sunday.
Petchem output two times above domestic need: Industry min.
TEHRAN, Sep. 21 (MNA) – Underlining the vitality of improving exports, Iranian Industry Minister Reza Rahmani announced on Saturday that current production level of petrochemicals in Iran is two times more than the domestic need for such products.
Min. of Industry:
Iran to give special incentives for foreign investment in industries, mining
TEHRAN, Aug. 06 (MNA) – Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani voiced Iran's readiness to give special incentives for participation of foreign investors in the country's various industries and mining sector.
Industry min., responsible for issuing cryptocurrency production license
TEHRAN, Jul. 23 (MNA) – Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani said on Monday that his ministry is accountable for issuing license for producing cryptocurrency.
By: Maryam Kamyab
Unveiling ceremony of three important national systems
TEHRAN, Jul. 21 (MNA) – The unveiling ceremony of three important national systems and also signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between E-Commerce Promotion Center and Computer Guild Union were held at Tehran Permanent International Fairgrounds on Saturday in the presence of Minister of Industry Reza Rahmani.
Exhibition of domestic productions to be "art of resistance" against sanctions
TEHRAN, Jul. 16 (MNA) – Iran's Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade said that holding the 1st Exhibition of Domestic Productions is an important step towards deepening domestication, self-sufficiency and the implementation of Leader's orders, as well an example of the " art of resistance " against sanctions.
Iranian industry min.
Sanctions meant to paralyze production but it grew 1% in Q1
TEHRAN, Jul. 14 (MNA) – Despite all pressures from US sanctions which aimed to hamper Iran's economy, domestic production has increased by 1% in the first three months of the year, Iranian Industry Minister Reza Rahmani said on Sunday.
Oman eyes investing in Chabahar development projects
TEHRAN, Jul. 13 (MNA) – In his meeting with the Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani on Fri., Ahmed bin Mohamed Al Fatisi, Omani Minister of Transport and Communication voiced readiness of his country for investing in Chabahar development projects.
11th Do-Win Tech exhibition kicks off in Tehran
TEHRAN, Jul. 09 (MNA) – The 11th Doors & Windows Technology International Exhibition (Do-Win Tech 2019) kicked off Tuesday at Tehran International Permanent Fair Ground in the presence of Iran's Minister of Industry and Mine Reza Rahmani.
Pakistan keen to broaden economic ties with Iran
TEHRAN, Jul. 06 (MNA) – Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani said that Pakistani authorities are interested in broadening and developing economic relationship with the Islamic Republic of Iran.
By: Mohammad Khodabakhsh
National Day of Industry and Mines marked
TEHRAN, Jul. 01 (MNA) – The National Day of Industry and Mines was marked at Tehran's International Conference Center on Monday, in a ceremony attended by senior state officials, including Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, Industries Minister Reza Rahmani, Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani, Defense Minister Amir Hatami, and Science Minister Mansour Gholami.
In presence of Parl. speaker:
National Day of Industry, Mine kicks off
TEHRAN, Jul. 01 (MNA) – The National Day of Industry and Mine kicked off in OIC Summit on Monday in the presence of Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani, Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani.
Focusing on exporting products to regional, neighbor countries, govt.'s top priority
TEHRAN, Jun. 09 (MNA) – Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani said that the government has planned to concentrate on exporting products to regional and neighboring countries.
Iran set to boost non-oil exports to 15 neighbor countries: industry min.
TEHRAN, Jun. 08 (MNA) – "The government will do its best to witness a real jump in exports of non-oil goods to our 15 neighbor countries," Iranian Industry Minister Reza Rahmani said on Saturday.
Iran poised to advance interregional trade with ECO member states
TEHRAN, Jun. 03 (MNA) – Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani said that Iran is poised to advance its interregional trade and business with Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)'s member states.
Iran min. says boosting trade ties with neighbors on priority agenda
TEHRAN, May 22 (MNA) – Iranian Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade Reza Rahmani said developing economic relations and increasing exports to neighboring countries are on the ministry's priority agenda this year.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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FacebookJournalismNews
V isual Revolution, Accidental Clicks and Journalism Take Over
Nick Cotton • Aug 11, 2017
We're in the early stages of a visual revolution in journalism
By CORY HAIK From Recode
"…the new mixed-media formats in social video (primarily short- and mid-form) offer a rich opportunity to deliver complicated news in compelling ways. I see short-form social video, and visually driven, mobile tap-through stories as much the same media. We are seeing this developing and coming together across all platforms: Facebook, Google, Apple, Instagram, Snap and more."
"Audiences that spent time consuming only the first couple of paragraphs of a news story are now watching 45 seconds of a video that conveys the same information. And, yes, sometimes with words on the screen. I believe this will become more sophisticated and more prevalent, and before you tell me that it's intellectually inferior, just believe me — it's not in its final form."
"For the newsroom of the future, it's incumbent on us to get ahead and lead with teams of journalists outfitted to meet this moment…"
Facebook says it's removing accidental clicks from its ad network
By Anthony Ha From TechCruch
"Advertisers on Facebook's Audience Network will no longer have to worry that they're paying for users who accidentally clicked on their ads."
"Facebook is sorting out unintentional clicks by discounting instances where a user bounces back after two seconds or less."
"In addition, Facebook is also announcing that it's making new ad metrics available (it's been making a broader push around this)."
When Silicon Valley Took Over Journalism
By FRANKLIN FOER From The Atlantic
"As Silicon Valley has infiltrated the profession, journalism has come to unhealthily depend on the big tech companies, which now supply journalism with an enormous percentage of its audience—and, therefore, a big chunk of its revenue."
"What makes these deals so terrible is the capriciousness of the tech companies. Quickly moving in a radically different direction may be great for their bottom line, but it is detrimental to the media companies that rely on the platforms."


text:
Regional Groups of Mössbauer Researchers - India
Reprinted from the May 2005 edition of the Mössbauer Spectroscopy Newsletter, published as part of Volume 28, Issue 5 of the Mössbauer Effect Reference and Data Journal
Mössbauer Spectroscopy in India
This issue of the Newsletter features reports from 13 active Mössbauer research laboratories in India. The reports appear in descending order of most active Indian institutions based on the records of the Mössbauer Effect Data Center.
Names and Titles of Researchers
Prof. H. C. Verma
Mukesh Kumar Roy – Ph.D. Student
Brajesh Pandey – Ph.D. Student
H. C. Verma (center) and his students Mukesh Kumar Roy (right) and
Brajesh Pandey (left).
Description and Areas of Research
The core group of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy is headed by Prof. H. C. Verma. Two Ph.D. students, Mr. Mukesh Kumar Roy and Mr. Brajesh Pandey, are part of the core group. The group collaborates with several research groups, both within IIT Kanpur and outside the facility. The main collaborator groups are:
Prof. Sanjeeva Bhargava
Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department, IIT Kanpur
Sanjeeva Bhargava (right) and his student Anandrao (left).
Dr. R. P. Das and Dr. Shashi Anand
Regional Research Laboratory, Bhubneshwar
R. P. Das (right), Shashi Anand (left), and their student
Mamata Mohapatra (middle).
Dr. R. P. Tripathi and Dr. Amita Tripathi
Department of Physics, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur
R. P. Tripathi (left) and Amita Tripathi (right).
The group's research interests are quite wide. The main areas of current research (in the last years) are as follows:
Fe-Based Alloys: The group has extensively studied alloys based on DO3 Fe3Al. In particular, the phase changes during mechanical deformation have been investigated. Often, samples for Mössbauer spectroscopy are made by filing an ingot formed in induction or arc furnace. The group's work has shown that the original phase may be completely changed during the process.
The effect of dilute substitution of Fe by Ti, Cr, Mn, etc. on the deformation and its recovery on controlled heating has been studied.
The group prepared alloys of immiscible systems such as Fe-Ag and Fe-Cu by simultaneous electrodeposition of cations under optimized conditions. Mössbauer spectroscopy and supporting studies have established that a wide range of compositions can be obtained without segregation, though the equilibrium solid solubility is too small.
They are studying alloys made by mechanical milling of the elemental powders. Prof. Sanjeeva Bhargava collaborates in these studies.
Magnetic Nanoparticles: The group synthesized a number of compounds, mainly spinel ferrites, by various chemical reactions. Mössbauer spectroscopy was extensively used to see the cationic distribution in different sites. ZnFe2O4 from 4 nm onwards prepared by the group was shown to have quite anomalous temperature dependence of electron density at nuclear sites as shown by isomer shift studies. The effect of different process parameters on magnetic properties has been studied. Temperature dependent Mössbauer spectroscopy has been effectively utilized in studying superparamagnetism in these nanosized compounds.
Preparation of goethite, hematite, and magnetite under various chemical conditions and the effect of metallic cation presence in the reaction vessel are extensively studied. These studies are used to evolve more effective processes for separation of metals from the ores, which is one of the major projects of the Regional Research Laboratory Bhubneswar. Dr. R. P. Das and Dr. Shashi Anand are collaborating in these Mössbauer studies.
Deformation and its recovery on controlled heating has been studied.
Recently, the group has started working in the area of dilute magnetic semiconductors.
Geological Boundaries: The group is using Mössbauer spectroscopy to study the sequences of events that led to mass extinction of species at various geological times. They have especially concentrated on the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary, 65 million years ago, when about 50% of life forms, including the mighty dinosaurs, were killed. There are many unanswered questions that they have identified, based on the iron–mineralogy of the sedimentary samples deposited at the boundary times, and they are trying to find answers.
From the Mössbauer studies of sediments, the group has suggested that the most disastrous mass extinction at the Permian-Triassic boundary (250 million years ago) may also be a result of a massive impact by an extraterrestrial object. Prof. R. P. Tripathi and Dr. Amita Tripathi are collaborating in these studies.
Meteoritic Studies: The group is also using Mössbauer spectroscopy to study meteorites. They have suggested certain systematics in the iron phases occurring in H, L, and LL-type ordinary chondrites and these systematics are being used by various researchers to assist classification of meteorites. Among the meteorites studied are ordinary chondrites and HED meteorites. Prof. R. P. Tripathi is collaborating in these studies.
The group's facilities include the following equipment:
Room temperature 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy
Room temperature Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy with home-made flow type He-ethane detector
Low temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy (up to 15 K) with close cycle refrigeration cryostat
High temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy at 450 K
Room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy in an applied magnetic field (up to 1.5 tesla)
Solid State Chemistry and Nanomaterials Laboratory
From left to right: Dillip Kr. Panda, Sajith Kurian, R. S.
Ningthoujam,George M. Paily, N. Sudhakar, Sayan
Bhattacharyya,N. S. Gajbhiye,Kemchand Dewangan, Satish
Sharma,Sachil Sharma, Raj Kumar Das.
Names and Titles of Present Group Members
N. S. Gajbhiye – Professor and Group Leader
Sayan Bhattacharyya – Ph.D. Student
Sachil Sharma – Ph.D. Student
Khemchand Dewangan – Ph.D. Student
Dillip Kr. Panda – Ph.D. Student
Sajith Kurian – Ph.D. Student
Rajkumar Das – M.Sc. Student
George M. Paily – M.Sc. Student
Neeladri Sekhar Karan – M.Sc. Student
N. Sudhakar – Senior Scientist
Sarita Rai – Research Associate
Lyci George – Research Associate
Prashant K. Pandey – Research Associate
Satish Sharma – Visiting Professor
Anupriya Agarwal – Project Student
Names and Titles of Past Group Members
V. K. Sankaranarayanan – Ph.D. 1991
Seema Prasad – Ph.D. 1997
Vijayalakshmi – Ph.D. 1998
R. N. Panda – Ph.D. 1999
G. Balaji – Ph.D. 2004
Sanjay Srivastava – Ph.D. 2004
R. S. Ningthoujam – Ph.D. 2005
Ashwini Tiwari – M.Sc. 2000
Susmita Basak – M.Sc. 2004
A. P. Mishra – Visiting Professor, 2004
The main research lines at the Solid State Chemistry and Nanomaterials Laboratory at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK) involve the synthesis of advanced materials and nanostructured materials and investigations of their structural, electronic, transport, and magnetic properties. The measurements on magnetic materials include solely the instrumental techniques: Mössbauer spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, SQUID, and FMR. The data on magnetism of nanostructured systems are analyzed and compared with the microscopic theories to understand the basic phenomena underlying these systems.
The Mössbauer Spectroscopy Research Laboratory is a part of the Solid State Chemistry and Nanomaterials Division. The research activities of the group range from synthesis and characterization to the measurement of physical properties to analyze and establish the structure property relationships. This involves wide interdisciplinary areas, including chemistry, materials science, and physics. Prof. Gajbhiye's group has published more than 100 research papers in reputed national and international journals, besides several conference proceedings. Based on the scientific research, some development work on PTC-thermistors, ferrofluids, and thermal barrier coatings have resulted in the technology transfer to industries.
N. S. Gajbhiye
Also, in recent times, many Ph.D. and M.Sc. degrees have been awarded to the research scholars under the supervision of Professor Gajbhiye.
The research group has active collaborations with various research institutions and groups in India and abroad, including:
Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany (Professor H. Gleiter, Professor H. Hahn, and Dr. Joerg Weissmüller)
Materials Science Department, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany (Dr. Mohammad Ghafari, Professor H. Hahn)
National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi (Dr. S. M. Shivaprasad, Dr. V. Sankarnarayanan)
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai (Professor A. K. Nigam)
Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment, Kanpur (Dr. G. N. Mathur)
Department of Physics, IITK (Dr. K. P. Rajeev)
Besides other academic activities, the group has focused research programs towards nanomagnetism, finite-size effects, phase transitions at lower temperatures, local electron distribution, and atomic disorder, where Mössbauer spectroscopy is used extensively. The Mössbauer Spectroscopy Laboratory facilities consist of the low temperature Mössbauer cryostat system, which records the spectra down to 5 K, and a CEMS set-up that functions at the liquid nitrogen temperature.
The various research projects/areas of the group include the following topics:
Magnetism of nanostructured materials (garnets, spinel ferrites, hexagonal ferrites)
Electronic structure, transport, and magnetic properties of nano-size binary, ternary transition metal nitrides and composite nitride materials
Electronic ceramics: BaTiO3, SrTiO3, PZT, PLZT; tetra - ZrO2 (TSZ / PSZ)
Electronic structure and magnetism properties of self assembled monodisperse nanoparticles of metals and metal composites: Co, Ni, Fe, Pd, Pt, Au, Ag, Co-Pt, NiAg, FePt, NiCu
Catalytic studies using nanoporous support and nanomaterials
Hydrogen storage and phase transition studies in metal hydrides and alanates
Nano-sensors for forensic applications
Significant results are obtained with room temperature 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy on ultrafine (nanosize) rare-earth iron garnets (RIG) having compositions R3Fe5O12 [where R = Sm, Tb, Dy, Er, Yb, (YGd), and (Ynd)]. Mössbauer spectroscopy is applied to many nanosystems in order to reveal microstructural and magnetic aspects of nanocrystalline ferrites, including the pure and substituted spinel ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) and hexaferrites MFe12O19 (M = Ba, Sr, Pb) that are synthesized by chemical routes.
One of the notable contributions of this group is the detailed investigations of nanoparticulate systems for core-shell structure and the finite size scaling effects from the low temperature magnetic and Mössbauer spectroscopy studies, invoking canted spin structure or magnetic dead layer or structural rearrangements at the surface of ferrite nanoparticles.
This group has performed the synthesis of various stable and metastable phases of metal nitride systems as nanocrystalline materials having tunable magnetic and electrical properties. The Fe containing nitride phases were synthesized in the size range, 5-30 nm as: γ-Fe4N, γ-Fe4-xNixN, γ-Fe-Ni-N, ε-Fe3N, ε-Fe3-xCoxN, ε-Fe3-xNixN (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8), Fe3Mo3N including the innovative new phase FeMoN2. It is observed that the intrinsic magnetic properties vary significantly due to their nanocrystalline nature and also due to the presence of a thin surface oxide layer as magnetic dead layer.
Among the other transition metal nitrides (without Fe), the superconducting and electrical properties of pure and doped metal nitrides VN, Ni3N, MoN, Mo2N, TiN, CoN, Co4N, Co3Mo3N, CoMoN2, and MnWN2 are deeply investigated. The superconducting transition Tc is found to vary with the amount and the nature of dopants and interestingly the nanocrystallite nature. This is due to the electron-electron, electron-phonon interactions and the spin fluctuation phenomena. Spin-glass like ordering is observed in the Fe containing nitride materials having composite structures involving the core-shell morphology. The recent interest in this regard is based on the generation of spin-glass like ordering from random exchange anisotropy (exchange bias) at the random interfaces of the nitride nanoparticles. The core-shell morphology and other aspects are studied with in-depth analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and these results are corroborated with the magnetic and Mössbauer studies.
Besides the ferrites, oxides, and nitrides, advanced electronic ceramic materials such as the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are synthesized as nanophase and the research is in progress for developing the expertise for the control and improvement of electrical (dielectric/piezoelectric) properties, when obtained as nanostructured PZT bulk materials and the nanocomposite polymeric systems.
Extensive research work is in progress on the synthesis of electronic and magnetic properties of self-assembled monodisperse metal nanoparticles and nanocomposites: Pd, Ag, Au, Co, Ni, FePt, PdCo, NiAg, etc. Some of these systems are investigated for their magnetic microstructures/nanostructures with the help of Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Also, simultaneous work is in progress to apply these nanomaterials (various oxide and nitride systems) as nanocatalytic materials supported on very high surface area of nano-porous materials for the various catalytic processes, particularly in organic reactions and hydrogen storage applications, including the metal alanates. By using these nanomaterials, the fabrication of nanosensors are also underway that would be used for the forensic science applications.
Devi Ahilya University
University Grants Commission (UGC)-Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)
Consortium for Scientific Research
Prof. Ajay Gupta
Dr. Shashank Kane – Physics Department, Devi Ahilya University
Dr. Ratnesh Gupta – Institute of Instrumentation, Devi Ahilya University
Dr. V. Raghavendra Reddy – UGC-DAE CSR
Activities of the Mössbauer spectroscopy group of Prof. Ajay Gupta at Indore are mainly centered around the studies of nanostructured materials, including nanoparticles, thin films, and multilayers. Other fields of interest include oxide materials, minerals, and alloys. In soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloys of compositions around FINEMET and HITPERM alloys, as well as multi-component bulk metallic glasses, Mössbauer spectroscopy is used to obtain both structural and magnetic information. In thin films and multilayers, the current interest of the group lies in soft magnetic thin films with amorphous and nanocrystalline compositions; granular composite magnetic films; tailoring the magnetic properties by irradiation with heavy ions in the energy range of a few hundred keV to a few hundred MeV; multilayers exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (e.g., Fe/Pt, Fe/Pd, Fe/Tb); and GMR multilayers such as Fe/Cr. Mössbauer spectroscopy is combined with X-ray and neutron reflectivity for a detailed characterization of interfaces.
Ajay Gupta
Activities of the group started in 1983 in the Physics Department of Devi Ahilya University. At present the group consists of five faculty members at UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research and Devi Ahilya University, and 10 research scholars. The facilities include two Mössbauer spectrometers from WissEl, which are routinely used in both transmission and back-scattering geometries. Transmission measurements can be done down to 15 K using a closed-cycle refrigerator. For going down to temperatures of 4.2 K, a home-made liquid helium cryostat is available. An Oxford cryostat capable of going down to 1.2 K and 8 T of magnetic field is also available, which is fitted with field cancellation coils and mylar window. A Mössbauer insert for this system is being developed for doing measurements in longitudinal field geometry. High temperature measurements up to 1000 K are done using a vacuum furnace. High-pressure Mössbauer measurements up to 35 GPa are being done using a diamond-anvil cell, in collaboration with the High Pressure Division at the Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai. An ultra-high vacuum chamber for in-situ study of the magnetic properties of ultra-thin films has been fabricated, which is equipped with RHEED, CEMS, and MOKE. At present, the system is under testing. Mössbauer measurements are supplemented by a number of in-house techniques, such as grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity and diffuse scattering, magneto-optical Kerr effect, atomic force microscopy, low temperature transport and magnetic properties, and differential scanning calorimetry.
Nuclear Resonance Scattering beamlines at E.S.R.F., Grenoble, and SPring8, Japan, are being used for doing nuclear resonance reflectivity and inelastic nuclear resonance scattering studies. The technique of nuclear resonance reflectivity from isotopic multilayers has been developed as a highly precise tool to study self-diffusion of Mössbauer active atoms (e.g., 57Fe) in amorphous and nanocrystalline thin films. Nuclear resonance fluorescence from thin marker layers under X-ray standing wave conditions provides complementary information about diffusion lengths in the range of 1-10 nm. Resonance enhancement of X-rays in thin films has also been used to study vibrational dynamics of 57Fe implanted in amorphous SiO2 with concentration as low as 5x1016 atoms/cm2.
Dr. Shashank Kane, at the Physics Department of Devi Ahilya University, is primarily interested in structural and magnetic investigation of amorphous and nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys. He also participated in the MER program of NASA and was involved in development and testing of the Miniaturized Mössbauer spectrometer (MIMOS) at Mainz.
Dr. Ratnesh Gupta, at the Institute of Instrumentation of Devi Ahilya University, is primarily interested in the study of magnetic thin films and tailoring their magnetic properties using energetic heavy ions. He was involved in the development of magnetic orientation Mössbauer spectroscopy (MOMS) in collaboration with the group at Göttingen.
Dr. V. Raghavendra Reddy at UGC-DAE CSR is primarily interested in the systems exhibiting PMA, such as Fe/Pt, Fe/Pd, etc., and the development of correlation techniques for improving S/N ratio in stochastic process with special reference to Mössbauer spectroscopy.
The primary mandate of the UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research is to provide state-of-the-art research facilities to scientists from universities and other educational institutions in India. The facility for Mössbauer spectroscopy is utilized extensively by users from all over India to study a variety of systems, such as nanocrystalline ferrites and iron oxides, minerals, meteorites, polymer blends, and Fe implanted samples. Occasionally, users from other countries also approach the group for measurements. Recently, a group from LERMPS – UTBM, Belfort, France, studied thermally sprayed nanocrystalline coatings.
From left to right: R. Nagarajan, A. K. Nigam, and P. L. Paulose.
J. K. Srivastava
Names of Researchers
Prof. J. K. Srivastava
Prof. A. K. Nigam
Prof. P. L. Paulose
Prof. R. Nagarajan – Collaborator
In the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mössbauer spectroscopy work started in 1960 (soon after the discovery of the Mössbauer effect) with the observation of the Mössbauer effect in 161Dy by Prof. S. Jha and coworkers. This work was for nuclear spectroscopy purposes, to confirm the existence of the first excited state at 26 keV in 161Dy. Since then, several researchers at TIFR have developed their own Mössbauer spectroscopy set-ups to be used as a complementary technique in their investigations in solid state physics.
Mössbauer spectroscopy at TIFR, as it was at many places in the early days, has evolved through constant velocity cam drives, sinusoidal speaker drives, constant acceleration drives, etc. Much of the instrumentation needed for the Mössbauer experiments have been indigenously developed at TIFR. Many researchers, too numerous to mention by name here, have contributed to the growth of Mössbauer spectroscopy activity in TIFR. However mention can be made of some of the senior pioneers – like Profs. R. Fatehally, G. Chandra, H. G. Devare, and R. P. Sharma – who contributed in early days. The current activities are going on in the laboratories of Profs. J. K. Srivastava, A. K. Nigam, and P. L. Paulose. Prof. R. Nagarajan, who superannuated very recently and is collaborating, has also a very significant contribution in the current Mössbauer activities of TIFR. These activities, in brief, are described below.
In the course of four and half decades of Mössbauer spectroscopy, a variety of systems have been investigated down to 4.2 K using 57Fe, 119Sn, and 151Eu resonances. Systems investigated include oxide systems (including some investigations in High Tc oxides), Heusler alloys, Chevaral Phase compounds, metallic glasses, spin glasses, and intermetallic alloys. TIFR has the distinction of identification/confirming valence fluctuation of Eu through 151Eu resonance in several Eu-based intermetallics, such as EuPd2Si2, EuNi2P2, EuNiSi2, EuIr2Si2, Eu2Ni3Si5, EuPd3B, and EuRh3B2. The investigations also established fluctuation of Eu valence even in dilute limit in these systems. In the metallic glass (Fe-TM)90Zr10, the hyperfine field distribution was found to be of bimodal nature. Magnetic moment on Rh in the metallic glass system Fe-Rh-B was indirectly inferred from Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements.
Some of the recent work includes: the investigation of manganite systems, such as Nd0.5X0.5MnO3 (X = Ca or Sr), and in Sr2FeMoO6 to look for phase separation, charge order, crystallographic order; investigations on magnetic order in Eu-based Ruthenate ferromagnetic superconductor; and investigations in ferrite systems, both in bulk and in nanocrystalline form. In the future, Mössbauer spectroscopy in externally applied field and in other rare earth resonances are planned. Prof. Nagarajan has been the collaborator for the above Mössbauer spectroscopy work. This part of the Mössbauer activity is being carried forward by Profs. P. L. Paulose and A. K. Nigam. A large number of significant publications have originated from the above works, which are widely referred.
Prof. J. K. Srivastava has been mainly studying oxide samples using the 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy technique. Ionic spin relaxation phenomenon and superparamagnetism have been extensively studied. Both self and cross relaxation phenomena have been investigated, and it has been shown that the cross relaxation rate is larger than the self relaxation rate, something which looks opposite to what one can normally think. Based on these studies, several new experiments, such as Mössbauer-ESR Double Resonance (MEDR) and Microwave-Optical-Mössbauer Triple Resonance (MOMTR), have been proposed. Radio frequency (rf) perturbation of Mössbauer resonance has also been studied and Mössbauer lineshape in presence of spin lattice relaxation effects predicted. Magnetic structure of oxides is another area of investigation, where it has been shown for the first time that Al3+ (corundum) doping completely suppresses the hematite Morin transition. This finding has great implication for the anisotropy theory. Spin glass (SG) systems [cubic spinel ferrites and anisotropic (orthorhombic) pseudobrookite and related systems, and few metallic lattices for comparison] and high-Tc (critical temperature) superconductors (doped 123 and related systems) have also been studied, and their Mössbauer lineshapes thoroughly investigated. Based on these studies, two new models have been proposed – the cluster phase transition (CPT) model and the paired cluster (PC) model that, respectively, completely explain the nature and mechanism of SG freezing and high-Tc superconductivity. In the opinion of the researchers, this is a remarkable achievement of Mössbauer spectroscopy.
The work of the laboratory is very well referred in various Mössbauer research books and review articles, including MERDJ review articles. The earlier work is summarized in the prestigious laboratory publication (book) Advances in Mössbauer Spectroscopy: Applications to Physics, Chemistry and Biology, edited by B. V. Thosar, P. K. Iyengar, J. K. Srivastava and S. C. Bhargava (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1983) [Foreword by Prof. R. L. Mössbauer] and the current laboratory work is summarized in the laboratory publications (books) Models and Methods of High-Tc Superconductivity: Some Frontal Aspects, Vol. 1 & Vol. 2, edited by J. K. Srivastava and S. M. Rao (New York: Nova Science, 2003) ["Horizons in World Physics" series publications].
To summarize, the laboratory has successfully utilized Mössbauer spectroscopy for most important current studies in solid state physics.
Department of Solid State Physics
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS)
Prof. Debjani Ghosh – Retired Professor and Ex-Head
Dr. Aparajita Nag (Chattopadhyay) – Lecturer, B.K.C. College
Dr. Y. M. Jana – Lecturer, B.S. College
Dr. G. Y. V. Victor – Deputy Chief Executive Officer, International Seaport Dredging Pvt. Ltd.
Dr. Sulava Das Gupta – Reader, Physics Department, Jadavpur University
Dr. Ajita Sengupta – Senior Lecturer, Bethune College
Ms. Papri Dasgupta – Senior Research Fellow, Solid State Physics Department, IACS
From left to right: Debjani Ghosh, Aparajita
Nag (Chattopadhyay),Papri Dasgupta, and Ajita Sengupta.
Prof. D. Ghosh received her D.Phil (Science) Degree in 1970 from the Calcutta University in India, in the subject of experimental investigations on magnetic properties of iron group of compounds. Post-doctoral work includes studies of different rare earth crystalline and non-crystalline solids involving low temperature (LT) measurements of magnetization and magnetic susceptibilities, magnetic anisotropies, polarized and fluorescence spectra, specific heat, and Mössbauer spectra. LT measurements were carried out using indigenously built LT cryostat systems and commercial closed cycle He cryogenic systems. Other work includes (a) magnetic and Mössbauer experiments on different magnetic minerals, the results of which have been published in the best journals of the subject area; (b) magnetic, electrical, and other studies on thin films of Cu-Ni alloys of varying thickness; and (c) magnetic measurement on a few nematic liquid crystals. The current interest of Dr. Ghosh is on experimental and theoretical investigations of geometric frustration (GF) and ordering phenomena in some mineral pyrochlore compounds of the type A2B2O7, where A and B are, respectively, trivalent rare earth and tetravalent transition atoms; these compounds are now intensely studied world-wide. Papers published by her group in these systems are frequently cited.
Dr. Ghosh joined the faculty of the Solid State Physics Department of IACS as a Research Assistant (1974) and was subsequently appointed to the posts of Lecturer (1980), Reader (1984), and Professor (1990) in the same department. She published over 120 papers, mostly in internationally recognized journals.
She has guided 12 Ph.D. students, who are now employed as lecturer/reader in colleges and universities, and some of them are pursuing research work. Dr. G. Y. V. Victor, a student of Dr. Ghosh, is presently employed as the Deputy Chief Executive Officer of a marine and dredging MNC, and he is publishing important papers on mineral systems. Another Ph.D. student – Dr. Y. M. Jana, who is a lecturer in a college – was appointed as a Visiting Scientist for a year in 2002 at the Innovation Centre, Kyoto University, for studying GF systems and is presently working at the Grenoble High Magnetic Field Lab., MPI-FKN/CNRS, France, in the area of spintronics.
G. Y. V. Victor (left) and Y. M. Jana (right)
Dr. Ghosh served in various important positions at IACS and elsewhere, and acted as an examiner of post-graduate examinations of different universities. She is a member of several learned societies and educational institutions. She acted as the Director of Publication of the Journal of Cryogenics of India from the early 1980s until 2005.
Some of the work on rare earth compounds included collaboration with the following renowned scientists: Dr. S. Mroczkowski, Applied Physics Department, Yale University, USA; Prof. E. Gmelin, LT Laboratory, Max Planck Institute, Germany; Dr. B. M. Wanklyn, Clarendon Laboratory, UK; and Prof. Y. Maeno, International Innovation Centre, Kyoto University, Japan. Prof. S. Ghose, of the Geological Science Department of Washington University in Seattle, USA, collaborated in some of the mineral studies.
Prof. D. Chakravorty – Group Leader
Mr. Soumen Basu – Senior Research Fellow, IACS
Dr. Pradip Brahma – Reader, Gurudas College, Calcutta University
Dr. Mrinal Pal – Lecturer, Department of Physics, Burdwan University
Dr. Sourish Banerjee – Senior Lecturer, Department of Physics, Calcutta University
Dr. Dipankar Das – Scientist, Inter-University Consortium of Department of Atomic Energy Facilities, Kolkata
Mr. Saurav Datta – Lecturer, Rammohan College, Calcutta University
It should be noted that most of the scientists working in the group belong to other organizations and they carry out their work on a part-time basis.
The main thrust of this group has been to synthesize different magnetic particles in nanocrystalline forms. The techniques used have been mostly chemical. Sol-gel method has been exploited to prepare nanocomposites comprising metallic nanoparticles in a silica gel matrix. Superparamagnetic relaxation has been observed in the case of iron particles with diameters around 2-4 nm.
Composites of α-Fe and Fe3O4 having dimensions in the range 10-20 nm have been prepared by chemical reduction of μ-sized α-Fe2O3 powders. Mössbauer spectroscopic analysis showed almost 30% of the particles to be superparamagnetic.
Nanocrystalline Ni3Fe particles having diameters in the range 9 to 20 nm were grown within a silica gel matrix. From Mössbauer analysis, it was found that the hyperfine field increased as the particle size became smaller. This indicated that the atomic disorder in the alloy increased with a reduction of the particle size.
Iron core–iron oxide shell nanostructures have been grown within silica gel matrix. These core-shell structures have a percolative configuration. It has been shown that the dc electrical resistivities of these nanocomposites differ substantially from that of the precursor glass composition. An interfacial amorphous phase has been shown to cause this change. Mössbauer spectroscopy is being used to investigate the structural characteristics of the interfaces.
University Grants Commission (UGC)-Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) Consortium for Scientific Research
Dr. Dipankar Das – Group Leader
Mr. Basab Kr. Nath – Senior Research Fellow
Mr. Samrat Mukherjee – Junior Research Fellow
Mr. Sandeep Kr. Chaudhuri – Junior Research Fellow
The Mössbauer spectroscopy group at the UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research (formerly the Inter-University Consortium for DAE Facilities), Kolkata Centre, has been working for more than a decade in various interdisciplinary topics using Mössbauer spectroscopy as a probe. The Centre has a unique Mössbauer source preparation laboratory and has been preparing and supplying 57Co Mössbauer sources up to 15 mCi strength to various universities and institutions in India. Co-57 activity has been produced using the cyclotron irradiation facility at the Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata. The group's expertise in source preparation has been utilized to diffuse Co-57 activity into samples containing no iron and performing Mössbauer measurements in the emission geometry.
The Mössbauer facility of the Centre consists of a couple of PC-based spectrometers operating in the constant acceleration mode. One of the spectrometers is equipped with a closed cycle refrigerator (procured from Janis Research Inc., USA); the lowest temperature attainable is 16 K, the temperature stability being 0.001 K. The other spectrometer is dedicated to room temperature studies, including measurements in the backscattering mode. The isotopes available are 57Co, 119Sn, and 151Sm.
A large number of researchers from various Indian universities have used the Mössbauer facility of the Centre, collaborated with the group, and published papers on various topics such as minerals, soils, glasses, ferrites, and nanocrystalline materials.
At present, the group is working on transition metal based nanomaterials and nanocomposites prepared by sol-gel, co-precipitation, dc magnetron sputtering, and high energy ball milling. The effect of swift heavy ions on these materials is also under study.
University of Hyderabad
Prof. Chandrahas Bansal – Group Leader
Dr. S. Sarkar – Senior Research Fellow
Ajay Mishra – Junior Research Fellow
Tejal Abraham – Research Scholar
Praveen – M.Phil. Student
Mössbauer spectroscopy work began at the University of Hyderabad right from the very inception of the University in 1977, when Prof. Bansal joined the University faculty after completing his doctoral thesis work in this area at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay. The first spectrometer installed was a commercial system procured from Elscint, Israel, and this was housed in the Central Instruments Laboratory of the University to make it available to other users within the school as well users from other schools.
In 1985, a very bright student, Thampi Kumaran (now faculty at Christian College, Marthandam) joined Prof. Bansal for his Ph.D. work and built a versatile and low-cost Mössbauer spectrometer with a low dead time. This spectrometer has been functioning in the research laboratory ever since, providing very reliable and good quality data.
The focus of research using Mössbauer spectroscopic studies in the earlier years was to explore the effects of chemical, structural, and magnetic order-disorder effects in alloys. Several alloy systems, such as Fe doped Ni-Au, (Fe1-x Mx)3 Si (M = Mn, Cr, Ni), Fe-Si, Fe-Sc, Cr-Fe, Co-Fe, Ni-Fe, (Fe1-xMx)3Al, and NiFeCr, were investigated, leading to about 25 publications.
Since 1995, after working with Professor Fultz in Caltech, the group has used Mössbauer spectroscopic studies very extensively to study the effect of nanometer grain size and grain boundary regions on the phase transformation behavior of nanocrystalline alloys. They have found this technique very fruitful for these investigations and very often the unique information available from the study of hyperfine interactions in these alloy systems is not available with other measurements. For instance, using hyperfine magnetic field distributions from Mössbauer spectroscopy, they observed an interesting size effect in nanophase Fe3Ge alloys wherein the bcc structure with smaller Gibbs free energy was stabilized for small size and the equilibrium fcc phase was seen only beyond a critical crystallite size. Similarly, they have explored the kinetic paths for atomic ordering in FeCo-Mo, which were seen to lie on a universal curve at different temperatures, suggesting that the extensive grain boundary regions serve as short-circuited paths for atom movements. The precipitation phase transformation in nanocrystalline Fe-Mo and the spinodal decomposition in nanocrystalline Fe-Cr alloys also evinced interesting phase transformation behavior related to the nanosized grains in these alloys.
Currently, Ajay Mishra and Prof. Bansal are exploring nanosize effects on the oxidation behavior of nanocluster Fe films synthesized by gas phase condensation and energetic cluster impact by Mössbauer spectroscopy.
The group also collaborates with outside groups from Osmania University, the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, and the Indian Institute of Science–Bangalore on problems that need to use Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Prof. A. Narayanasamy
Dr. K. Sivaji
Mr. B. Soundarajan
Dr. S. Amirthapandian
Mr. R. Justin Joseyphus
Mr. D. Prabhu
Mr. N. Sivakumar
Standing from the left: R. Justin Joseyphus,
D. Prabhu, N. Sivakumar, and S. Amirthapandian.
Seated: A. Narayanasamy.
57Fe Mössbauer effect research was started in the University of Madras in the year 1972. The work was initiated by a group of only two persons: Prof. T. Nagarajan and Mr. A. Narayanasamy. Two years later, Mr. P. M. K. Swamy joined this group. Initially a constant velocity spectrometer, fabricated with the help of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in Mumbai, was available. A constant acceleration spectrometer (ECIL, India) in 1975, a WissEl spectrometer in 1987, and a Nucleonix (India) spectrometer in 2002 were added to the facility. A CTI close cycle cryostat is available to cool the absorber from 300 K to 16 K.
The 57Fe Mössbauer tool is used mainly to study the hyperfine interactions in alloys and compounds, hyperfine field distributions in disordered binary alloys and in metglas, cation distributions and spin canting in spinel ferrites, the site occupancy of the substituents in permanent magnet materials like Nd2Fe14B and Sm-Co compounds, and hyperfine interactions in FINEMET and HITPERM soft magnetic alloys. The group used this technique to investigate the decomposition products in garnets in collaboration with Dr. R. Krishnan, Laboratoire de Magnetisme et d' Optique, Versailles, France.
They also use Mössbauer spectroscopy to study the mechanochemical reactions in collaboration with Prof. K. Chattopadhyay, Department of Metallurgy, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. Combined with the EXAFS technique, the Mössbauer effect was highly useful to establish, for the first time, the Ni2+ ion occupancy in tetrahedral sites in nanostructured NiFe2O4 and an unusual cation distribution of more than eight tetrahedral sites occupied in nanostructured Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 spinel ferrite. The exciting results obtained were the establishment of ferrimagnetic ordering in nanostructured ZnFe2O4, which resolved the controversy prevailing in the literature as to whether it was ferromagnetically or ferrimagnetically ordered and the amorphous phase separation in metglas.
They collaborated with Prof. Ajay Gupta, Inter-University Consortium for the Department of Atomic Energy Facilities Indore Centre, India, for the study of ion beam mixing in Fe/Ag multilayer system using conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy. They found direct evidence through conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy for a complete mixing in Fe/Ag multilayer system. The Mössbauer study was found to be more decisive than secondary ion mass spectroscopy in this respect. This technique yielded fruitful results in determining the size of the single domain particles of CoFe2O4 in collaboration with Tohji's laboratory in Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.For in-field Mössbauer measurements, the group uses the facility available with Prof. J-M. Greneche, Université du Maine, Le Mans Cedex, France, and also with Prof. I. Nakatani, National Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan.
About 20 research scholars, faculty members, and technical staff so far have contributed to the development of this technique in this University. More than 100 research articles have been published in international journals. The facility is extended to sister institutions in the country and also to collaborators abroad.
Guru Nanak Dev University
Dr. B. S. Randhawa – Professor
Dr. Manpreet Kaur – Lecturer
Mr. Karun Gandotra – Research Fellow
Mr. Harmanjit Singh Dosanjh – Research Fellow
Mr. Captain Singh – M.Sc. (H.S) student
Ms. Durgesh Nandini – M.Sc. (I.A.) student
Ms. Amandeep Kaur – M.Sc. (I.A.) student
Guru Nanak Dev University, established in the historic city of Amritsar on November 24, 1969, to mark the 5ooth Birth Anniversary of Sri Guru Nanak Dev, the first Sikh Guru, is striving to equip its students to face the challenges of the 21st century. To create a scientific and technological atmosphere in this region, this institution of higher learning has introduced a large number of courses in science and technology. Spread over a stretch of 500 acres on the northwest border of India, this University has done exceedingly well both in academics and sports for its 36 years of existence.
The Department of Chemistry came into existence in 1971 and over a period of time has emerged as one of the premier departments, not only of the University, but also has acquired prestigious status even at the national level. The Department offers courses of B.Sc. (Hons. School), M.Sc. (Hons. School), M.Sc. Chemistry (Instrumental Analysis), and M.Sc. (Industrial Chemistry). The research activities of the Department focus on materials chemistry, Mössbauer spectroscopy, thermal analysis, synthetic organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, solid state chemistry, electrochemistry, chemistry of surfactants, chemistry of oils and fats, theoretical chemistry, thermodynamics, and analytical chemistry.
The Mössbauer laboratory was established in the Chemistry Department in 1977, the credit for which goes to Dr. A. S. Brar (now professor at IIT Delhi). He headed the Mössbauer group until 1982, after which time Dr. B. S. Randhawa took over the charge of the laboratory/group. Since its inception, the laboratory has produced 10 Ph.D.-, five M.Phil.- and many M.Sc.-level dissertations. About 100 research articles involving Mössbauer spectroscopy as a major technique have been published in reputed international journals.
The tool has been employed for the identification/characterization of various intermediates/products formed during the process of thermal and photo-decomposition of metal ferricarboxylates. Coupled with other physio-chemical techniques such as XRD, TG-DTG-DSC, IR, SEM, etc., it provides an excellent stock of information in understanding the mechanism of thermolysis that leads to the obtaining of very useful magnetic materials (ferrites, the end product).
Recently, a German-made PC-based computerized Mössbauer spectrometer has been installed in the laboratory.
Materials Science Research Centre
Prof. U. V. Varadaraju – Group Leader
Present Group Members (Senior Research Fellows):
Mr. M. V. V. M. Sathya Kishore
Mr. N. Lakshminarasimhan
Mr. K. Biswas
Mr. M. Anjireddy
Mr. V. Sivakumar
Mr. M. Pardha saradhi
Group Members Involved in Mössbauer Work:
Dr. M. Sugantha
Dr. P. A. Ramakrishnan
Dr. V. Badri
Dr. M. Venkatesan
Dr. K. N. Marimuthu
Dr. T. Alamelu
The group at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras is involved in the synthesis of new and novel ternary and quarternary oxides, phosphates, chalcogenides, pnictides, and intermetallic systems. The emphasis is on electronic, magnetic, thermal expansion, luminescence, and energy storage properties. The group specializes in studying structure-composition-property correlations. Mössbauer spectra have been extensively used by the group to explore the local site symmetries that play an important role in determining the physical properties.
They studied Li intercalation into phosphates (NZP based) with 3-D network structure containing Fe and established the preferential reduction of Fe3+ during intercalation and the co-existence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ superparamagnetic clusters. In addition, the Fe Mössbauer studies provided indirect evidence for the possible coexistence of Lin+ clusters in the Fe inserted phases. Fe intercalated layered selenide carbides (Nb2Se2C) are studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy, wherein the inserted Fe is shown to exist in both Fe2+ and Fe3+ states, giving rise to ferro/ferri magnetic ordering at low temperatures.
An interesting Mössbauer study has been made on the double perovskite compounds ALaFeNbO6 (A = Ca, Sr), wherein the Fe and Nb are expected to be in the formal oxidation state of Fe3+ and Nb4+. From the Mössbauer study it is established that a novel internal redox mechanism is operative in these compounds. Thus, Fe2+/Fe3+ and Nb5+/Nb4+ coexist in the lattice. Such internal redox mechanism, however, has not been observed in the hollandite phases K2Ti5NbFe2O16, wherein the Mössbauer spectra indicate the presence of only Fe3+ in the lattice.
The group has studied the Mössbauer spectra of Fe present in four inequivalent crystallographic sites in HoErFe17-xGax phases and their carbides. The variation of the weighted average hyperfine field with temperature is found to obey T2 behavior, suggesting the presence of single-particle excitation. Insertion of carbon at interstitial sites increases the hyperfine fields. Mössbauer spectra of the double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 shows the presence of three different environments for Fe. The intensity of the minor component gives the concentration of antisite defects. The electronic structure of the iron is not exactly 3d5 because of the partial 3d(Fe) character of the ↓ electrons in the π* band made up of 3d(Fe)t2g and 4d(Mo)t2g electrons. In the case of (Sr,Ca)2FeReO6, the isomer shift (δ) values are intermediate between high spin Fe2+ and Fe3+ in oxides. This non-integral 3d electronic configuration is probably due to the hybridization of Fe 3d (t2g) and Re 5d (t2g) states.
The Mössbauer work is done in collaboration with Prof. F. J. Berry and Dr. L. E. Smart, The Open University, Milton Keynes, U.K., and Prof. J. M. D. Coey, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
North-Eastern Hill University
Dr. T. S. Basu Baul – Teacher-in-Charge/Group Leader
Mr. Cheerfulman Masharing – Research Fellow, Ph.D. Student)
Miss Archana Mizar – Research Fellow, Ph.D. Student)
Mr. Pradip Das – Teacher Fellow, Ph.D. Student
Mr. Keisham Surjit Singh – Research Fellow, Ph.D. Student
Mr. Wandondor Rynjah – Research Fellow, Ph.D. Student
From left to right: Cheerfulman Masharing, Archana Mizar,
Pradip Das, Tushar S. Basu Baul, Keisham Surjit Singh,
and Wandondor Rynjah.
There are numerous useful applications of organotin compounds, including biological (e.g., anti-tumor activity) and industrial (e.g., as catalysts) applications. The emphasis of the group's studies in this area is synthesis and structural, and has the specific aim of delineating the factors that dictate the adoption of a particular molecular geometry in the solid state. Such a study is essential, as bibliographic surveys have revealed that in many series of the organotin compounds and, indeed, significant structural diversity, as revealed by X-ray crystallography, is found despite similarities in chemical formulae. A combination of systematic crystallographic investigations in combination with 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy (whenever single crystal is unavailable) has proved most potent in that definitive conclusions can be made for the system under scrutiny.
The subject of the systematic research with the aim of finding relations among the structure and static and dynamic (reactivity, catalytic, and biological activity) properties of a broad area of organotin(IV) chemistry of mainly new azo-, imine, and azo-imine ligand skeletons, including syntheses and their characterization. The research is directed to their reactions with chemically, technically, and biologically related reactants, ligand-displacement and addition reactions, reactions with a new ligand (the way and site of coordination), and to changes in the ligand newly coordinated. The focus of research in this area is to couple biologically active moiety with organotin so as to generate active compounds against certain biological disorders. Molecular structures are studied via FT-NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn), FT-IR, 119Sn Mössbauer, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), single crystal X-ray crystallography, and others. Such techniques are being used for regular characterization, on studying their molecular transformations in a molecule itself and on molecular rearrangements, and regrouping of the ligands (migrations, fluxional behavior) of organotin complexes.
Recently, the group used the concept of the preassembly of suitably architectured precursors containing two or three tin centers to generate larger molecular units. A few organotin(IV) complexes have demonstrated exciting structural diversity and biological applications. Concurrently, they are investigating the cytotoxicity and anti-tumor activity of these organotin compounds with the aim to invoke biological responses in tumors using human tumor cell lines, viz., A498 (renal cancer), WIDR (colon cancer), M19 MEL (melanoma), IGROV (ovarian cancer), H226 (non-small cell lung cancer), and MCF-7 and EVSA-T (breast cancer) in collaboration with Dr. Dick de Vos, Pharmachemie BV, Haarlem, The Netherlands. In addition, some selected compounds have been tested for toxicity on second larval instar of the Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi mosquito larvae in order to find better larvicides; these studies being carried out in collaboration with Dr. George Eng, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, USA.
More recently, the group is also pursuing the toxicity studies on sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis) development in collaboration with Dr. Lorenzo Pellerito of Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica e Analitica "Stanislao Cannizzaro," Università di Palermo, Italy.
The group has well-established collaborative links with Profs. Ray J. Butcher, Department of Chemistry, Howard University, USA; Frank E. Smith, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Canada; Eleonora Rivarola, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica e Analitica "Stanislao Cannizzaro," Università di Palermo, Italy; Antonin Lycka, Research Institute of Organic Synthesis, Czech Republic; Michal Holcapek, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic; Anthony Linden, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Ulli Englert, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany; Rudolph Willem and Monique Biesemans, High Resolution NMR Centre (HNMR) and Department of Polymer Science and Structural Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium.
Banaras Hindu University
From left to right: Pratibha Tripathi, Seema Pratap, N. K. Singh,
S. K. Kushawaha, and Manoj Kumar Bharty.
Prof. N. K. Singh – Professor
Dr. Seema Pratap – Lecturer
Dr. S. K. Kushawaha – Young Scientist, DST Project
Dr. Pratibha Tripathi – Research Associate, CSIR
Mr. Manoj K. Bharti – Research Scholar
Research on Mössbauer spectroscopy of iron complexes in the Department of Chemistry began in 1983 as a collaborative work with Dr. M. J. M. Campbell of the Department of Chemistry, Thames Polytechnic, UK (now known as the University of Greenwich). After the retirement of Dr. Campbell, Dr. M. J. K. Thomas was kind enough to extend his cooperation to the group.
The group has been working on Fe(II & III) complexes of N2-arylcarbonothioyl carbohydrazide, substituted thiosemicarbazide, and aryl-2-aroylhydrazinecarbodithioate. The Mössbauer technique has been very helpful in deciding the oxidation state of iron, its low spin or high spin nature, and the geometry of the complexes. In a few cases they have also observed the spin state equilibrium at room temperature for iron(III) systems. The group has published about 15 papers based on Mössbauer studies of complexes and have also contributed some results to the various issues of the MERDJ during the last 10 years. The research programs were funded by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research and the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India.
This site is supervised by Mössbauer Effect Data Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. Contact email: medc@dicp.ac.cn


text:
Anything to Have You by Paige Harbison
Anything To Have You
Written by Paige Harbison
Contemporary, Mature Themes
Published in Australia February 1st 2014
Thank you to Harlequin Australia
Nothing should come between best friends, not even boys. ESPECIALLY not boys.
Natalie and Brooke have had each others backs forever. Natalie is the quiet one, college bound and happy to stay home and watch old movies. Brooke is the movie, the life of every party, the girl everyone wants to be.
Then it happens, one crazy night that Natalie can't remember and Brooke's boyfriend, Aiden, can't forget. Suddenly there's a question mark in Natalie and Brooke's friendship that tests everything they thought they knew about each other and has both girls discovering what true friendship really means.
The premise of Anything To Have You sounded like a mature contemporary that I couldn't wait to begin. But this needs to come with a warning label. Don't try this at home kids.
Natalie and best friend Brooke couldn't be more different. Natalie is quiet, preferring to stay home with her father, watch old Hitchcock films and is happy being single. Brooke on the other hand is a wild party girl, she drinks in excess, flirts in excess and seems to believe that girls should always look their best, leaving an excess of love drunk boys in her wake. Brooke craves male attention, and couldn't care less who she hurts in order to boost her own ego. She's not a typical mean girl, just incredibly self indulgent and self centered, who undermines Natalie to every degree. It's their senior year and Brooke wants to party, dragging Natalie and boyfriend Aiden along for the ride.
To state that Brooke is self destructive is an understatement. She's a binge drinker with no regard for Aiden, admitting that she needs the attention of other guys by wanting them to want her. So when the reclusive Natalie becomes the new center of attention, Brooke is insanely jealous and demands to find her a boyfriend. Apparently she's nothing without wanting to be beautiful and attract male attention. But when Brooke encourages Natalie to drink, she can't remember what happened that night, apart from having sex with someone. Party goers recall seeing Natalie making out with popular, but nice guy Eric, so Natalie assumes that in her drunken state, Eric is the one. Considering she had actually lost her virginity in a similar circumstance, you would think the girl would have learnt from her past mistakes.
With Brooke now out of control, Natalie finds herself spending time with Aiden, her feelings resurfacing again to a time before he was with Brooke. Although the two have much more in common, honesty is not one of them. They may not be physical with one another, but have emotionally bonded, and both seemingly want more than just the easy friendship the two still share. Brooke is on the verge of hitting rock bottom, partying with local bad boy Reed, and oblivious to her boyfriend and best friend pulling away.
But regardless of what the title suggests, you don't need to go above and beyond to get what you want. Being shallow, self indulgent and making stupid choices will get you there in less than three easy steps. It's the go to guide for teens on how to ruin your life, and your reputation.
Let me start by adding that this book isn't at all horribly written, it was actually difficult to put down and I read it almost in one sitting. It isn't the characters themselves as such, but the actual storyline. It's ridiculous. It highlights unprotective sex, cheating, lies, secrets, binge drinking, drug taking, and no parental guidance. Natalie has no backbone, and although she is seemingly happy being on the outside of the teen social scene, all it took was one party and she morphed into a binge drinking idiot. She allows Brooke to plan her life and push her towards dating Eric, even though she has no interest in him whatsoever. Brooke clearly has issues, and neither Natalie or Aiden could take time out from their lives to give her a harsh dose of reality? Without intervening, they've become enablers.
Aiden seems to be the neglected boyfriend who is the only one who is still in the relationship. He's the nice, sensible one who doesn't deserve to be treated as an accessory. But don't be fooled, he's an asshole wrapped in an attractive package. My biggest issue, that although these are very real situations that teens navigate each day through the choices they make, there doesn't seem to be any learning curve here. Just carry on and it'll sort itself out. There are a few instances of living with the consequences of your actions, but considering the intended teen audience, I couldn't see the positive message it should have portrayed. Girls with no self respect, sex that could be considered as rape when one participant has blacked out, the lying, cheating and no fear of repercussions, as there were none.
It really does undo what mothers are trying to instill in their impressionable teen girls. I take no pleasure in writing a negative review, but sadly I can't imagine this book not leaving female readers outraged.
Tags: Contemporary, Give It A Miss, Mature Themes, Young Adult
Joy @ Thoughts By J 19 February 2014 at 14:46
From the synopsis, I thought the whole book sounded really Gossip Girl-esque - which would definitely appeal to the teenage audience. The cover gives nothing away, it looks like any normal contemporary novel. Which is why I'm so shocked to find out that the book is so dark. The characters sound awful, and the lack of consequences make me cringe. If I were a mother, I would never let my kids go anywhere near such a book. The cover and blurb is way too deceiving. Sorry it didn't work out for you Kelly.
Diva Booknerd 22 February 2014 at 05:58
Hey Joy, It's hard. We don't like to write negative reviews, but there was nothing remotely enjoyable about this one. I know I'm no where near the target demographic, but I'd be horrified if I had a teen daughter who enjoyed this one.
CG @ Paper Fury 19 February 2014 at 19:32
Oh gosh. I probably will not be reading this. It's mostly because of the stupidity. I read a book recently and the characters were making incredibly dumb mistakes and it was...normalised? I don't even think that's healthy. So I'm with you on this, most definitely.
That sounds pretty much the same as this one Cait, expect this has what could be considered as rape that's involved, and it's just skimmed over and not even questioned as a crime. The main character was heavily intoxicated, had sex while blacked out, but the person she slept with not only was unprotected, but he also keeps it from her.
Jeann @ Happy Indulgence 20 February 2014 at 19:57
Wow, this totally sounds like you needed to rant! I am not supportive of books that glorify unhealthy attitudes for women, and this sounds like it. Thanks for the honest review Kelly.
You're spot on Jeann. The teen lifestyle in this was just party, drink until your catatonic, drugs and that I don't give a shit attitude. No parental guidance apart from the occasional random 'Think of your future'. But when you soon realise that there doesn't seem to be any lessons learned, it gets old.
Hahaha, great review. I had heard good things about this novel, but thank you for saving me the time. I'm going to be skipping this one. :)
Hey Jackie and thanks for stopping by. Me too, I seen a few reviews that said it was a coming of age contemporary, and those are my weakness. But it just didn't work out that way for me, it ended up being a little like a car accident, you just can't look away.
Zoe N. 21 February 2014 at 10:57
Yikes! It's horrible that the cover and synopsis were so misleading! It's horrible that the author portrays doing such bad things in such a positive light - without the characters getting any consequences either!
At least the writing and the pacing were engaging though! It's always great to find at least one thing that you enjoy in a book!
I think I'm going to take your advice and give this one a miss. All the problems you had with it sound like they'd bother me as well, so I don't think this is going to be worth the read. As always, brilliant review Kelly and thanks for sharing! Hopefully your next read will be better!
~ Zoe @ The Infinite To-Read Shelf
Thanks Zoe. Like yourself, I'm all for difficult reads with real problems, even drama, but when it's actual teen issues like binge drinking, drugs, and sex when one party isn't fit to consent, then you expect them to be dealt with. When you've got the intended teen audience in mind, there should have been some form of action and consequences, not just skimmed over.
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Zona Rosa is open but it's not business as usual
in Headlines, Local News
The Zona Rosa shopping district, Kansas City in Platte County, is open but it's not business as usual, officials of the shopping district said Friday.
"During this unprecedented time, our highest priority continues to be the health and well-being of everyone in the Zona Rosa community, including employees, tenants, customers, residents and the community at-large. We know these are challenging times, and we thank you for your support and patience," said officials with the Zona Rosa shopping district said on Friday.
Winter weather to impact travel Friday
Zona Rosa officials said the complex is following local Kansas City, Mo. orders that indicate some stores and restaurants may open, provided they follow all local guidelines.
While the following information was fresh as of Friday, members of the public are urged to check with your favorite store or restaurant to verify hours, pick-up instructions, etc.
OPEN STORES:
AT&T: 10 a.m. – 6 p.m. daily
Altar'd State: Curbside only, 11-7 daily
Black Card Tattoo: open by appointment only
Brain Balance: open by appointment only
Brow Threading: open 10-9 daily
Cricket Wireless: 10 am – 6 pm
CVS: 8 am – 10 pm daily
Dick's Sporting Goods: open 9 am – 9 pm daily (enter at South Entrance)
GNC: open 10-9 pm Mon-Sat, 11 – 6 pm
Sunday Heavenly Olive Oils: curbside only
Michaels: 11 am – 6 pm daily
Par Exsalonce: open 10 am – 9 pm
Sprint: 10 am – 9 pm daily
T-Mobile: open 10 am – 9 pm
Vintage Stock: open 10 am – 9 pm
ZONA ROSA RESTAURANTS OPEN FOR TO-GO ONLY (As of Friday, May 8):
54th Street Grill & Bar: 11 am – 9:45 pm
Bo Lings: 11 am – 8:30 pm
Buffalo Wild Wings: 11 am – 9:30
Cold Stone Creamery: Sun – Thurs: 1 pm – 8 pm and Fri & Sat: 1 pm – 9 pm
Granite City: 11 am – 8 pm
Hereford House: 12 pm – 7 pm
Outback Steakhouse: 11-9 pm Sun – Thurs, 11-10 pm Fri & Sat
Red Robin: 11 am – 8 pm
Smokehouse BBQ: 11 am – 8 pm
Swagat Fine Indian Cuisine: 11 am – 2:30 and 5 pm – 9 pm
As our retailers start to open back up, we are taking measures to ensure shoppers, employees, residents and the community are safe while on our property. We're committed to following CDC, WHO and local officials' guidelines regarding COVID-19 precautions at Zona Rosa. We're going above and beyond and taking the following steps to offer a heightened standard of cleanliness
"As our retailers start to open back up, we are taking measures to ensure shoppers, employees, residents and the community are safe while on our property. We're committed to following CDC, WHO and local officials' guidelines regarding COVID-19 precautions at Zona Rosa. We're going above and beyond and taking the following steps to offer a heightened standard of cleanliness," Zona Rosa said in an email.
Steps being taken by Zona Rosa include:
Continue to utilize our stepped-up cleaning and hygiene practices, including the use of CDC-approved cleaning supplies throughout Office Buildings and the Center. All cleanings include wiping down high-touch items such as door knobs, railings, elevator buttons, etc. The disinfectants being used are approved by the EPA for killing Coronavirus.
Maintain our focus on cleaning and disinfecting areas most susceptible to the spread of viral germs including restrooms, door handles, handrails and other hard surfaces in public areas. Our janitorial staff will be cleaning restrooms more frequently than usual, making sure soap dispensers are full, surfaces are wiped down and the garbage bins are emptied more often.
Freestanding alcohol-based hand sanitizer dispensers will be located throughout the center. "Safety Reminder" signage throughout the center to remind guests to maintain social distancing, wash hands and to wear a mask.
CDC proper hand washing signage posted in all restrooms.
The Grove remains closed, including the Children's Play Area, vending machines, seating area, Customer Service and public restrooms until further notice.
All live events are suspended for the time being. "We will continue to re-evaluate as local mandates are updated," Zona Rosa officials said.
Shoppers at Zona Rosa are asked to:
Maintain a six feet social distance as you walk the property and visit stores.
Wash hands frequently for 20 seconds.
Hand sanitizer stations are available throughout the center.
Wear a mask and stay home if you feel sick.
Tags: covid-19platte countyzona rosa
Movie theaters are victims of the pandemic


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