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In Office of the University Registrar
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Leave and Withdrawal Policy
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Classroom Building Abbreviations
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FERPA Student & Parent Guidelines
High Point University > Office of the University Registrar > FERPA Guidelines
FERPA Guidelines
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High Point University Policy on the Family Educational Rights & Privacy Act (FERPA) Policies & Procedures Manual.
See below for Student & Parent General Guidance on FERPA:
Student FERPA Guidelines
Parent FERPA Guidelines
FERPA is a Federal law that applies to educational agencies and institutions that receive funding under a program administered by the U. S. Department of Education. The statute is found at 20 U.S.C. § 1232g and the Department's regulations are found at 34 CFR Part 99.
Under FERPA, schools must generally afford students who are 18 years or over, or attending a postsecondary institution:
access to their education records
an opportunity to seek to have the records amended
some control over the disclosure of information from the records.
1. Access to Education Records
Schools are required by FERPA to:
provide a student with an opportunity to inspect and review his or her education records within 45 days of the receipt of a request
provide a student with copies of education records or otherwise make the records available to the student if the student, for instance, lives outside of commuting distance of the school
redact the names and other personally identifiable information about other students that may be included in the student's education records.
Schools are not required by FERPA to:
Create or maintain education records;
Provide students with calendars, notices, or other information which does not generally contain information directly related to the student;
Respond to questions about the student.
2. Amendment of Education Records
Under FERPA, a school must:
Consider a request from a student to amend inaccurate or misleading information in the student's education records;
Offer the student a hearing on the matter if it decides not to amend the records in accordance with the request;
Offer the student a right to place a statement to be kept and disclosed with the record if as a result of the hearing the school still decides not to amend the record.
A school is not required to consider requests for amendment under FERPA that:
Seek to change a grade or disciplinary decision;
Seek to change the opinions or reflections of a school official or other person reflected in an education record.
3. Disclosure of Education Records
A school must:
Have a student's consent prior to the disclosure of education records;
Ensure that the consent is signed and dated and states the purpose of the disclosure.
A school MAY disclose education records without consent when:
The disclosure is to school officials who have been determined to have legitimate educational interests as set forth in the institution's annual notification of rights to students;
The student is seeking or intending to enroll in another school;
The disclosure is to state or local educational authorities auditing or enforcing Federal or State supported education programs or enforcing Federal laws which relate to those programs;
The disclosure is to the parents of a student who is a dependent for income tax purposes;
The disclosure is in connection with determining eligibility, amounts, and terms for financial aid or enforcing the terms and conditions of financial aid;
The disclosure is pursuant to a lawfully issued court order or subpoena; or
The information disclosed has been appropriately designated as directory information by the school.
4. Annual Notification
A school must annually notify students in attendance that they may:
Inspect and review their education records;
Seek amendment of inaccurate or misleading information in their education records;
Consent to most disclosures of personally identifiable information from education records.
The annual notice must also include:
Information for a student to file a complaint of an alleged violation with the FPCO;
A description of who is considered to be a school official and what is considered to be a legitimate educational interest so that information may be shared with that individual; and
Information about who to contact to seek access or amendment of education records.
5. Means of notification:
Can include student newspaper; calendar; student programs guide; rules handbook, or other means reasonable likely to inform students;
Notification does not have to be made individually to students.
Complaints of Alleged Violations:
Complaints of alleged violations may be addressed to:
Family Policy Compliance Office
400 Maryland Avenue, SW
Complaints must:
Be timely submitted, not later than 180 days from the date you learned of the circumstances of the alleged violation
Contain specific allegations of fact giving reasonable cause to believe that a violation has occurred, including:
Relevant dates, such as the date of a request or a disclosure and the date the student learned of the alleged violation;
Names and titles of those school officials and other third parties involved;
A specific description of the education record around which the alleged violation occurred;
A description of any contact with school officials regarding the matter, including dates and estimated times of telephone calls and/or copies of any correspondence exchanged between the student and the school regarding the matter;
The name and address of the school, school district, and superintendent of the district;
Any additional evidence that would be helpful in the consideration of the complaint.
What is FERPA?
FERPA is a Federal law designed to protect the privacy of education records. It also provides guidelines for appropriately using and releasing student education records. It is intended that students' rights be broadly defined and applied. Therefore, the student is considered to be the "owner" of his or her education record, and the institution as the "custodian" of that record.
Why do I have limited access to my son or daughter's college records especially when I am paying the bills?
Under FERPA, the access rights that parents and legal guardians had in the elementary and secondary school setting are transferred to students, once a student has turned eighteen, or is attending any post secondary educational institution. Parents can be given access to their son or daughter's records if the student authorizes the permission in writing or in connection with the student's application for or receipt of financial aid.
How can I find out my student's grades?
The best approach is to ask your son or daughter directly. In order for you to receive grade reports or other academic information on a regular basis, your son or daughter should complete the Authorization to Disclose Academic Information form and return it to the Office of the Registrar.
What records does FERPA cover?
The privacy protection FERPA gives to students is very broad. With limited exceptions, the FERPA regulations give privacy protection to all students' "education records." Education records are defined as "those records that are directly related to a student and are maintained by an educational agency or institution or by a party acting for the agency or institution." Examples of student records entitled to FERPA privacy protection are grade reports, transcripts, and most disciplinary files.
Will I be notified if my son or daughter is placed on academic probation?
No. Information about grades and academic standing is sent directly to students. You can, of course, ask your son or daughter to keep you informed about his academic performance.
Where can I find out more information about FERPA?
FERPA is enforced by the U.S. Department of Education. The Department maintains a FERPA Website (with links to FERPA regulations) at: http://www.ed.gov/offices/OM/fpco/ferpa/parents.html
Whom should I contact with questions or concerns?
Direct general questions to the Office of the University Registrar:
Mr. Danny K. Brooks, Assistant Vice President & University Registrar
High Point University,
Roberts Hall 101
dbrooks@highpoint.edu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Cut the squash in half lengthwise and scoop out the seeds. Brush with olive oil. Place on a baking sheet, cut side down and bake for 30 to 40 minutes or until tender when poked with a fork. Cool slightly on the baking sheet.
Using a fork, scrape the squash strands onto plates, top with meatballs and sauce and sprinkle with parmesan cheese and basil.
Heat oven to 400°F. Mix all ingredients together in a bowl. Roll into small balls with your hands.
Place the meatballs in a lightly greased 13 x 9 inch baking dish and bake about 20-25 minutes. Drain excess fat and use as desired.


Prior to the initial site inspection on large commercial projects, it is necessary to partner with Stormwater, Parks, Zoning, Natural Resources Staff, DPW and City Legal departments, to enforce applicable city and state Codes.
The structural inspection plan, prepared by the engineer or architect of record, must be submitted to the building department prior to the issuance of a building permit for the construction of a threshold building. The purpose of the structural inspection plan is to provide specific inspection procedures and schedules so that the building can be adequately inspected for compliance with the permitted documents.


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Balwyn calling: Maranoa a treasure of Aussie plants
By John Fitzsimmons
All Images by John Fitzsimmons
There are more than 140 recognised botanic gardens in Australia ranging from large internationally recognised sites to smaller gardens, specialised or of historical note. In Melbourne, the Maranoa Botanic Gardens in leafy Balwyn is a hidden gem not widely known.… Continue reading
Fruit and nut trees offer a variety of landscape solutions
By Janet Hodgkiss –
Gardens that include productive fruiting trees and plants are often thought of as 'unattractive' but this need not be so as many of these plants have other valuable characteristics and attributes that are often overlooked
A productive, as well as ornamental, design is very achievable with the many varieties, sizes and shapes of all types of fruiting plants that are on offer.… Continue reading
Hope in the battle to save one of the world's most elusive flowers
By Dan Austin –
Achieving the illustrious title of the world's largest flower, the corpse flower (Rafflesia arnoldii) is the largest species of a charismatic genus not often seen. The plant has earned its common name because of the foul odour of rotting meat the flower emits to attract carrion-feeding pollinators, and with its fleshy red mass growing up to a metre in width, the flower could quite literally be mistaken for a corpse.… Continue reading
Escaping the city for a tree change
By Glenice Buck –
Escaping the city for a tree change sounds easy enough but relocating an established horticultural business requires forward planning and a bit of effort to avoid a catastrophic disruption in your income stream. If you are thinking of making this change yourself, here are a few first-hand tips on how to make the change run smoothly.… Continue reading
Involving children in the design and planning of greenspaces
By Dr Kate Neale and Michael Casey –
Schools are increasingly recognising that greenspaces provide students with important access to nature, wellbeing, shelter, places of retreat, integrated learning contexts and aesthetic appeal. As such, schools are increasingly engaging with landscape professionals who consult with principals, P&C committees and educators to establish the vision for a space, needs of the cohort and practical design elements.… Continue reading
Going indoors at the 2020 Australian Horticultural Trials Week
Philodendron bipinnatifidum 'Shangri-La' (Image: Ball Australia)
By Gabrielle Stannus –
Are you a wholesale grower of indoor plants or an interior plantscaper seeking interesting varieties for your designs? Check out some of the new and experimental varieties on display during the 2020 Australian Horticultural Trials Week.… Continue reading
Farms are far from being created equal
By Michael Casey
Remember the days when your parents and half the neighbourhood had some form of vegetable garden in the backyard, and the many hours spent harvesting the food, sharing the produce and the swapping of seeds amongst neighbours, family and friends?… Continue reading
Lessons learned from 2020 will benefit business this year
By John Corban –
2021 is here, and what a relief! 2020 was a tough and challenging year, beginning with the bushfires and then the most severe pandemic affecting everyone.
The pandemic that took off in March 2020, changed the way many businesses operated.… Continue reading
A year like no other
By Greg Bourke –
For us at the Blue Mountains Botanic Garden Mount Tomah, 2020 commenced with our first day of no active fire in a fortnight. Not a bad way to welcome the new year! With over 90% of our natural areas burnt and over 500 specimens in the living collection fire-affected, we knew we'd be in for a challenging year but of course, that was just the beginning.… Continue reading
Adaptability of landscapes – A conference with a macro view Part I
By John Fitzsimmons –
Since 1989 The Australian Landscape Conference has sought to inspire, provoke thought and discussion, and take the art and practise of landscaping to amazing places, wherever or whatever they may be. Through a pandemic and a change of ownership, the biennial-ish event recently re-emerged in Melbourne, generating a positive response in-person and online from upwards of 700 participants around the world, and presentations from Japan, Sweden, the UK and USA and, of course, Australia.… Continue reading
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Funct. Mater. 2019; 26 (1): 23-26. | Journal "Functional Materials"
Funct. Mater. 2019; 26 (1): 23-26.
Thin CdS films about 200-500 nm thick with stable hexagonal modification with 85-80 % transparency value respectively in the visible and infrared spectrum regions were investigated. The use of the FTO sublayer to obtain heterosystem glass/FTO/CdS by magnetron sputtering does not affect the phase composition of the cadmium sulfide layer and the width of the band gap (Eg = 2.42-2.44 eV). Cadmium sulfide thin films, obtained by direct current magnetron sputtering, can be used as a layer of a wide window layer in thin-film solar cells based on the CdS/CdTe heterosystem.
cadmium sulfide, direct current magnetron sputtering, thin films, structures, optical properties.
1. A.Bosio, N.Romeo, S.Mazzamuto et al., Prog. Cryst. Growth Charact. Mater., 52, 247 (2006).
2. M.Hadrich, C.Heisler, U.Reislohner et al., Thin Solid Films, 519, 7156 (2011).
3. X.Wu, Solar Energy, 96, 803 (2004).
4. X.Wu, J.C.Keane, R.G.Dhere et al., in: Proc. 17th Europ. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., Munich, Germany (2001), p.995.
5. H.Li, X.Liu, Solar Energy, 115, 603 (2015).
6. N.Romeo, A.Bosio, Tedeschi et al., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 58, 209 (1999).
7. D.M.Vasilyev, Diffraction Methods for Structural Studies, Metallurgy, Moscow (1977) [in Russian].
8. V.V.Brus, M.N.Solovan, E.V.Maystruk et al., Sov. Phys. Solid State, 56, 1886 (2014).
9. A.M.Salem, M.E.El-Ghazzawi, Semicond. Sci. Technol., 19, 236 (2004).
10. G.I.Kopach, R.P.Mygushchenko, G.S.Khrypunov et al., J. Nano-Electron. Phys., 9, 05035 (2017).


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Slave Stampedes on the Missouri Borderlands
A Joint National Park Service – House Divided Project research initiative
Draft Timeline
Working Bibliography
The 1856 St. Louis Stampede
This entry was posted in Stampede Narratives on October 9, 2019 by Cooper Wingert.
PRINTABLE NARRATIVE
DATELINE: ST. LOUIS, JULY 14, 1856
On Monday night, July 14, 1856, a group of eight to nine enslaved Missourians set out on their quest for freedom. Leaving the farm of slaveholder Robert Wash, a 65-year-old retired judge who resided on the outskirts of St. Louis, this contingent of freedom seekers charted an unknown course to liberty. Yet while the freedom seekers' exact path is difficult to ascertain, the motivations underlying their "stampede" for freedom are somewhat easier to deduce. The group of escapees comprised a family unit––"a man and wife, three sons, two daughters, and the wife's sister," as reported in the St. Louis Republican. The freedom seekers may have been spurred to action by Wash's declining health in the summer of 1856––he would die just months later, in November. Likely fearing separation at an estate sale, they chose to strike out to gain their freedom and preserve their family. [1]
These freedom seekers, whose names are unknown, may have joined with three other enslaved Missourians, held by prominent St. Louis citizen John O'Fallon. The trio had escaped from O'Fallon "a few nights previous" to July 14, and the city's leading papers instantly suspected that the two group escapes were connected. "Several other slaves are supposed to be in their company on the underground track," noted the editors of the Republican. Baffling St. Louis' coterie of elite slaveholders, the freedom seekers also undoubtedly conjured memories of a pair of similar "stampedes" that had occurred less than two years before, in October and November 1854. Those large group escapes had involved enslaved men and women claimed by Robert Wash's neighbor, Richard Berry, and his brother, Martin Wash. [2] Coming in their wake, the July 1856 stampede further unsettled slaveholders, while demonstrating the precarious nature of slavery along the Missouri-Illinois border.
STAMPEDE CONTEXT
At least two initial reports from St. Louis newspapers classified the July 1856 escapes as a "stampede." Just days after the escapes, the St. Louis Republican and Leader both ran brief reports entitled "Slave Stampede," while the St. Louis Democrat employed a variant of the term, headlining their column "Exodus of Slaves." Over the following weeks, at least four other newspapers throughout the country picked up the story, each utilizing the term "stampede." The New Orleans Times-Picayune and New York-based National Anti-Slavery Standard ran the headline "Slave Stampede at St. Louis," while the Burlington, Iowa Hawk-Eye and New Lisbon, Ohio Anti-Slavery Bugle reprinted reports from the St. Louis Leader under the title "Slave Stampede." [3]
MAIN NARRATIVE
Colonel John O'Fallon, a prominent St. Louis resident and slaveholder. (Find A Grave)
The 11-12 freedom seekers who escaped from St. Louis in July 1856 were claimed by two influential and well-to-do residents of the city. Colonel John O'Fallon, a 64-year-old veteran of the War of 1812, was also the nephew of acclaimed explorer William Clark. O'Fallon had first settled in St. Louis in 1818, where he started a trading business. However, the bulk of his wealth came as a result of his first marriage to Harriett Stokes, whose family owned a large amount of valuable real estate near St. Louis. Over the ensuing decades, O'Fallon established himself as one of the leading citizens of St. Louis, exerting a prominent presence in banking and railroading endeavors, as well as philanthropic pursuits (he was noted for his support of the nascent Washington University). O'Fallon had a residence and office in downtown St. Louis, as well as a property outside town. Yet his immense fortune and reputation was maintained and bolstered through the labor of enslaved men and women. In 1830, O'Fallon laid claim to 33 enslaved people, and by the time of the 1850 Census, he held some 42 enslaved people. [4]
Born in Virginia in 1790, Robert Wash had settled in St. Louis in the wake of the War of 1812––around the same time as O'Fallon. After serving as U.S. District Attorney in the Monroe administration, Wash was appointed to the Missouri Supreme Court in 1825, serving until 1837. Like O'Fallon, he too was a savvy investor, and his real estate speculations won him a "large fortune," estimated at $100,000 in the 1850 Census. As a result, Wash was able to enjoy a comfortable retirement in his "commodious home" and farm just outside of St. Louis, where in 1850 he held 32 enslaved people, ranging in age from (reportedly) 103 to a one-year-old infant. [5]
Moreover, both O'Fallon and Wash were unabashedly pro-slavery. O'Fallon headed the city's Anti-Abolitionist Society, while Judge Wash had earned a reputation during his time on the bench for dissenting in freedom suits. O'Fallon's identity as a slaveholder had already been brought to the attention of Northern readers some nine years prior to the 1856 stampede, when Missouri freedom seeker William Wells Brown mentioned an enslaved person sold by "Colonel John O'Fallon, who resided in the suburbs" in his widely circulated 1847 Narrative. Brown also noted that O'Fallon's brother, Benjamin O'Fallon, kept "five or six" dogs "to hunt runaway slaves with." [6]
Retired judge and slaveholder Robert Wash lived on the outskirts of St. Louis. (Missouri Historical Society)
While both men had likely read reports in St. Louis papers about the pair of stampedes that had rocked the city less than two years earlier, Robert Wash had numerous personal connections to the November 1854 stampede. His friend and neighbor, Richard Berry, had fumed as five enslaved people claimed by him fled in the stampede, while his older brother, Martin Wash, reported the escape of two enslaved people from his farm. [7] Given that the trio of slaveholders lived in close proximity to one another on the outskirts of St. Louis, it is possible that the family of enslaved Missourians who left Wash's farm in 1856 were related to part of the group of 17 freedom seekers who escaped in November 1854.
What remains clear is that "a few nights" after the escape of three enslaved people from John O'Fallon's residence, on Monday night, July 14, the family held by Wash left the retired judge's farm and set off for "parts unknown." Considering that Wash had already drafted his will several years prior, and appears to have been in declining health by the summer of 1856, the fear of separation at an estate sale may have prompted the family's escape. The following day, a reward of $1,500 was posted for the "apprehension of eight negroes," while multiple St. Louis papers acknowledged rumors that "several other slaves" had joined the "stampede." Meanwhile, unwilling to recognize the agency of the enslaved to forge their own paths to freedom, the St. Louis Democrat pointed figures at "Underground railroad agents" who "are said to have assisted" the freedom seekers. [8]
AFTERMATH AND LEGACY
After the initial flurry of reports, St. Louis papers made no further mention of the July 1856 stampede. While the ultimate fate of the 11-12 freedom seekers is unclear, no news of their recapture appeared in the columns of Missouri papers. If the family of eight held by Robert Wash had indeed feared an estate sale was imminent, their suspicions were well-founded. Just four months after the stampede, Wash died on the day after his 66th birthday. [9]
In the meantime, John O'Fallon remained one of St. Louis's most recognized citizens, and still held 38 enslaved people as of the 1860 Census. As the Civil War engulfed Missouri and the entire nation, O'Fallon emerged as an avowed Unionist. He even grew close to Union Brig. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, during the general's brief stint in St. Louis in 1861. In his memoirs, Sherman recalled O'Fallon as a "wealthy gentlemen who resided above St. Louis." The pair, remembered Sherman, took daily walks "up and down the pavement" outside the general's office as they "deplored the sad condition of our country, and the seeming drift toward dissolution and anarchy." O'Fallon lived to see the end of the war––and the end of slavery in Missouri––before his death in December 1865, at the age of 74. [10]
Initial reports published in the St. Louis Democrat and Republican offer the most detailed information about the July 1856 stampede. However, various papers offered conflicting identities of the affected slaveholders, with the Democrat apparently mistaking Robert Wash for a "Major West," while the Republican and St. Louis Leader both named "John O'Fallon jr" as the other slaveholder. Given that O'Fallon's son, John Julius O'Fallon (sometimes referred to as "John O'Fallen, Jr." during the 1860s) was 16 at the time of the escapes, it is strains credulity to believe he was the slaveholder involved. [11]
The July 1856 stampede has received little attention from scholars, until Richard Blackett's The Captive's Quest for Freedom (2018). Blackett briefly discusses the escape in the context of a rising trend of group escapes in the region during the mid-1850s. [12]
St. Louis, MO Republican, July 16, 1856 (State Historical Society of Missouri)
St. Louis, MO Democrat, July 16, 1856 (Newspapers.com)
New Orleans Times-Picayune, July 23, 1856 (Newspapers.com)
[1] "Exodus of Slaves," St. Louis Democrat, July 16, 1856; "Slave Stampede," St. Louis Republican, July 16, 1856; Robert Wash, Will and Probate Records, June 21, 1852, Case 3752, Missouri Wills and Probate Records, 1766-1988, Ancestry.
[2] "Exodus of Slaves," St. Louis Democrat, July 16, 1856; "Slave Stampede," St. Louis Republican, July 16, 1856; Wash, Will and Probate Records, June 21, 1852, Missouri Wills and Probate Records, Ancestry.
[3] "Exodus of Slaves," St. Louis Democrat, July 16, 1856; "Slave Stampede," St. Louis Republican, July 16, 1856; "Slave Stampede at St. Louis," New Orleans (LA) Times-Picayune, July 23, 1856; "Slave Stampede," New Lisbon (OH) Anti-Slavery Bugle, August 2, 1856; "Slave Stampede," Burlington, IA Hawk-Eye, August 6, 1856; "Slave Stampede at St. Louis," New York National Anti-Slavery Standard, August 9, 1856.
[4] Morrison's St. Louis Directory (St. Louis: Missouri Republican Office, 1852), 191, [WEB]; Kennedy's Saint Louis City Directory (St. Louis: R.V. Kennedy, 1857), 167, [WEB]; Richard Edwards and M. Hopewell (eds.), Edwards's Great West and her Commercial Metropolis (St. Louis: Edward's Monthly, 1860), 79-82 [WEB]; Walter B. Stevens, St. Louis: The Fourth City, 1764-1909 (St. Louis: S.J. Clarke, 1909), 1076, [WEB]; Eric Sandweiss (ed.), St. Louis in the Century of Henry Shaw: A View beyond the Garden Wall (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2003), 119 [WEB]; 1830 U.S. Census, St. Louis Township, St. Louis, MO, Ancestry; 1850 U.S. Census, Slave Schedules, District 82, St. Louis Wards 2 and 4, St. Louis County, MO, Ancestry; Find A Grave, [WEB].
[5] 1850 U.S. Census, Slave Schedules, District 82, St. Louis County, MO, Ancestry; J. Thomas Scharf, History of Saint Louis City and County (Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1883), 2:1471, [WEB]; Find A Grave, [WEB]; Horace W. Fuller (ed.), The Green Bag: A Useless but Entertaining Magazine for Lawyers (Boston: Boston Book Company, 1891) 3:168, [WEB].
[6] William Wells Brown, Narrative of William W. Brown, A Fugitive Slave (Boston: Anti-Slavery Office, 1847), 22, 42, [WEB]; Louis S. Gerteis, Civil War St. Louis (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2001), 22; Kenneth Clarence Kaufman, Dred Scott's Advocate: A biography of Roswell M. Field (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1996),144; Harriet C. Frazier, Slavery and Crime in Missouri, 1773-1865 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2001), 55, [WEB]; Harriet C. Frazier, Runaway and Freed Missouri Slaves and Those Who Helped Them, 1763-1865 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2004), 55; Edlie L. Wong, Neither Fugitive Nor Free: Atlantic Slavery, Freedom Suits, and the Legal Culture of Travel (New York: New York University Press, 2009), 138-140; Kelly Marie Kennington, In the Shadow of Dred Scott: St. Louis Freedom Suits and the Legal Culture in Antebellum America (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2017), 1-4.
[7] Wash, Will and Probate Records, June 21, 1852, Missouri Wills and Probate Records, Ancestry; "Another Slave Stampede," St. Louis Missouri Democrat, November 30, 1854; "What is to Be Done Now!," St. Louis Missouri Republican, December 10, 1854; 1850 U.S. Census, District 82, St. Louis County, MO, Family 1121, Ancestry; 1850 U.S. Census, District 82 St. Louis County, MO, Family 1246, Ancestry; Richard Berry was named the administrator of Robert Wash's estate in a will made out in 1853, and Martin Wash was a witness.
[8] "Exodus of Slaves," St. Louis Democrat, July 16, 1856; "Slave Stampede," St. Louis Republican, July 16, 1856.
[9] Find A Grave, [WEB].
[10] 1860 U.S. Census, Slave Schedules, St. Louis Township, St. Louis County, MO, Ancestry; Find A Grave, [WEB]; William Tecumseh Sherman, Memoirs of General W.T. Sherman (New York: Library of America, 1990), 1:187, [WEB]; One of O'Fallon's sons, John O'Fallon, Jr., delivered a "powerful and eloquent speech" at a neighboring Jefferson County, MO Union Meeting held in January 1861. See "Jefferson County Union Meeting," St. Louis Democrat, January 29, 1861.
[11] "Exodus of Slaves," St. Louis Democrat, July 16, 1856; "Slave Stampede," St. Louis Republican, July 16, 1856; "Slave Stampede," St. Louis Leader, quoted in New Lisbon, OH Anti-Slavery Bugle, August 2, 1856.
[12] Richard Blackett, The Captive's Quest for Freedom: Fugitive Slaves, the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law, and the Politics of Slavery (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 139.
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Email: hdivided@dickinson.edu
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The 1856 Hannibal Stampede
Selected Articles from MHR (Part 1)
The 1861 Springfield Stampede
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Plans and provides systems and services relating to the financial dealings of organisations and individuals, and advises on associated record-keeping and compliance requirements. Registration or licensing is required.
travel, which is often interstate or overseas.
appraise cash flow and financial risk of investment projects.
evidence, often for a court of law.
schools or tertiary institutions. This may include fundraising.
and investors, and investigates businesses being sold, bought or merged.
or deletions to product lines and/or manufacturing or distribution resources.
in the case of bankruptcies, sells assets.
reviewing existing systems and working out the best way to meet those needs.


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I'm traveling from New England to DC next week. Toyota has a good incentive for the model car I want, in PA/DE/MD/VA region. Anyone know which dealer in the area is willing to go low on prices?
Have always heard good things about Team Toyota in Langhorne. It's just off of I-95. May want to try that.


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Jelly Belly Creator Launches (and Sells Out of) CBD-Infused Jelly Beans
Ever since I blindly got a vomit-flavored jelly bean from the Bertie Bott's Every Flavor Beans box, I've been pretty wary of the candy.
But that might be about to change. The creator of Jelly Belly, David Klein, has launched a line of jelly beans infused with cannabidiol (CBD), the non-hallucinogenic compound in cannabis (h/t USA Today). The beans come in 38 flavors including many Jelly Belly-inspired favorites, like my personal ride-or-die roasted marshmallow. There are also sour and sugar-free options, and each bean has 10 mg of CBD.
Kelin's company, Spectrum Confections, sells the jellies in bulk: each order includes a whopping 800 beans, so it's probably not for the casual candy or CBD lover, unless you're stocking up for a 4/20-slash-Easter party for the books.
Even if you are, you're out of luck. All beans are already out of stock, but Spectrum Confections notes on their website that they are still taking orders over phone and email.
Putting CBD into jelly beans is a pretty sweet idea (sorry). Demand for the non-hallucinogenic cannabinoid, which some herald for its healing and relaxation properties, is high.
However, CBD's rise is somewhat hampered by the fact that the FDA still considers it to be an illegal food ingredient, meaning it's technically not allowed to be sold in food or drinks. That hasn't stopped companies from making and selling everything from CBD-infused chocolates to sodas. However, recently New York City health inspectors cracked down on local shops selling food products with cannabidiol, so really it's just unclear what exactly is allowed and what's not in the CBD edibles space.
Clearly that lack of clarity isn't stopping Klein, or his jelly bean-loving customers.
Analyst: Starbucks Could be the First Major Chain to Launch CBD-Infused Drinks (Eventually)
Cannabidiol (CBD) — the non-hallucinogenic ingredient in cannabis meant to promote relaxation — could be headed to your neighborhood Starbucks.
Well, eventually. This week financial services company Cowen released a report predicting the CBD market could be worth $16 billion by 2025. More interestingly, it hinted that Starbuck's could be one of the first major chains to offer cannabidiol-infused drinks.
In the report, Cowen analyst Andrew Charles noted that Starbuck's probably wouldn't adopt CBD in the "near term," which makes sense since no major chain will put it on their menu until the FDA gives its stamp of approval. However, he went on to write that, should the regulation of CBD change, "we could envision Starbucks ultimately piloting the ingredient."
That's pretty theoretical language. Starbuck's hasn't made any indication that it's actually exploring cannabis-infused beverages. In an interview with CNBC, Starbucks CEO Kevin Johnson stated that Starbucks was aware of the edible/drinkable cannabis trend, though it didn't have any immediate plans to pilot any drinks with THC or CBD.
It seems like the Cowen report called out Starbuck's less because of any concrete hint from the company and more to illustrate a future in which CBD is so mainstream, it's available somewhere as ubiquitous as Starbuck's.
However, it will likely be a while yet before that's the case. Though CBD-infused beverages have been popping up at local coffee shops and bodegas for some time, the chemical hasn't been approved as "food-safe" by the FDA (despite its becoming legal with the passage of the Farm Bill in 2018).
Up until recently most CBD edibles sellers have been operating under the radar with little to no consequences. However, last month New York City health inspectors cracked down and put a citywide embargo on selling food or drink infused with CBD. The ban was recently delayed until this summer.
The FDA likely won't approve CBD as food-safe by then, and some see the NYC crackdown as a bellwether for more restrictions on the sale of cannabidiol-infused food and drinks. But that doesn't negate the fact that demand for the non-hallucinogenic ingredient is on the rise, thanks in part to celebrity endorsements and the recent "wellness" movement.
We've written before that despite all the buzz surrounding CBD beverages, it'll likely be a while before it's ready for the mainstream.
"High" Tech: CBD Can Be Made with Genetically Engineered Microbes (AKA Yeast)
When you think of what yeast can do, your mind probably goes to bread or beer. But in a paper published today in Nature, scientists from UC Berkeley announced that they had successfully created the chemical compounds in marijuana — both THC and CBD — from bioengineered microscopic fungi. AKA yeast. (H/t Quartz.)
To do this, the team of scientists extracted THC and CBD genes from cannabis, then implanted them in yeast (specifically Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the same yeast used to brew beer and wine). When the yeast is put into a liquid solution with the sugar galactose and other nutrients it outputs the chemical compounds in marijuana.
Basically, scientists can now grow cannabidiol (CBD) in a lab.
There are a few benefits to this. According to Quartz, producing THC and CBD via genetically engineered yeast is cheaper than extracting the chemicals from hemp or cannabis plants (over 99 percent cheaper, in fact). That means that companies purchasing these chemical compounds to make, say, CBD-infused soda, can pass those savings onto consumers. While CBD products aren't astronomically expensive right now — a twelve-pack of that CBD soda will set you back fifty bucks — but if they want to reach a larger audience, a cheaper price tag can't hurt.
Secondly, using this technology scientists can create new cannabinoids, ones that could be tweaked to have specific effects (e.g., high levels of relaxation). Finally, creating THC and CBD in a lab could reduce the surprisingly high environmental footprint of cannabis crop cultivation, both indoors and outdoors. However, as with cultured meat, there is a counter-argument that keeping the lab running requires a level of energy tantamount to just producing the crop the old fashioned way.
Bioengineered yeast is opening doors for scientists to grow all sorts of food ingredients in labs. Perfect Day is using yeast to produce dairy-free milk. Impossible Foods uses genetically engineered yeast to make heme, the molecule that makes their burgers 'bloody.' And earlier this week, new company Motif Ingredients launched (with a cool $90 million in funding) to use yeast to create proteins to replace animal products.
This innovation is coming along at an exciting time for CBD. After the passage of the Farm Bill in late 2018 made hemp-derived CBD legal in the U.S., analysts (ourselves included) began predicting that 2019 would be the year of CBD. It's unclear if CBD derived from genetically engineered yeast — as opposed to hemp — will be legal, and regulators probably won't tackle that can of worms for a while.
This news got me thinking. I wonder if we'll see major cannabis and hemp companies pushing back against CBD made in a lab, much as we've seen big meat producers take issue with cell-based meat calling itself "meat."
More immediately, this sort of research could help shed more light on the properties of CBD and maybe even accelerate the process for the FDA to decide if cannabidiol is a food-safe ingredient.
Prima Raises $3.3M to Educate Consumers, Regulators about The Benefits of CBD
Yesterday prima, a wellness brand championing the use of CBD, announced it had closed a seed round of $3.3 million. The round was led by Lerer Hippeau, with participation from Greycroft and other undisclosed investors.
As of now, the website is just an email signup form to request early access to the site. The Santa Monica, CA-based prima plans to launch an education platform to share data and research about CBD and, eventually, sell CBD-infused products. (If you're not familiar, CBD is short for "cannabidiol," the non-hallucinogenic chemical compound in cannabis.)
According to Techcrunch, prima will initially peddle beauty and pain-management products. This entry point makes sense. One of prima's founders, Christopher Gavigan, previously co-founded The Honest Company, a wellness brand which sells nontoxic beauty and household products. Besides beauty products, down the road, prima will add edible products to its lineup, including powders that can be added to everything from coffee to water. Each blend will have a different intended effect, such as sleep, energy, or immunity.
It's a tumultuous time in the CBD market. The passage of the Farm Bill in late 2018 legalized sales of hemp-derived CBD, but the FDA has yet to approve CBD as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe). In other words, it's not exactly legal to sell food products infused with CBD.
Up until recently, however, regulators seemed to have been turning a blind eye to companies selling things like CBD-infused gummies or skin serums. But the tides may be changing. Just this week, the New York City Health Department issued a ban on CBD in food and beverage items and cracked down on local NYC establishments selling CBD-infused products.
That's where the platform aspect of prima could really do some good. According to a press release from the company, prima wants to help lead the global transformation from "fear-based cannabis prohibition into a hemp industry fueled by facts, market data, medical research, customer-patient experiences, and evolving legislative solutions." Essentially, prima want to help de-stigmatize CBD and re-label it as a wellness ingredient, not an intoxicant.
Though they don't provide any details on how they plan to achieve this mission, there's one reason that Gavigan can help move the needle on CBD acceptance for one reason: his resume. Gavigan's past experience at the Honest Company — which built its brand on transparency and ethical, non-toxic products — could give prima a boost not only in terms of media buzz, but also consumer trust. True, his co-founder was Jessica Alba, who did a lot of heavy lifting to give Honest Company its status, but just being associated with the brand will work in Gavigan's (and prima's) favor.
On the regulatory side, Gavigan told Fortune that the startup also plans to work with the FDA to push CBD products labeled as a nutritional supplement — though again, he didn't give any details.
We predicted that 2019 would be a big year for CBD. In fact, over the next three years, the CBD market is expected to grow to as much as $22 billion. However, continued regulatory hurdles and health department crackdowns would put a serious damper on what has the potential to be the next big wellness ingredient. Hopefully prima will be able to use its pedigree to destigmatize CBD for consumers — and maybe even get the FDA to play ball.
Introducing The Spoon Slack Chats! First Topic: CBD
Did you know we have a Spoon Slack channel? No? Well, we do! It's a place where our community can connect, talk about news and emerging startups, and discuss food tech trends from grocery delivery to robotic restaurants.
We think our Slack channel is a really valuable resource and want to put it to good use. So we're launching a series of Slack chats, each exploring a dedicated topic or trend that we're seeing a lot of in the food innovation space.
First up? Cannabidiol, also known as CBD. The buzzed-about ingredient has been making a splash in the health & wellness communities, popping up in everything from beers to candies to dog treats to face creams. And with the passage of the Farm Bill, which legalizes sales of hemp-derived CBD around the country, we'll likely only see more of this ingredient in 2019.
Our first Slack Chat will be on January 18th, from 10:30 am – 11:30 am PST. We'll have folks from marijuana edibles company Kiva, hemp elixir company Lumen, and marijuana dose validation startup TraceTrust to help lead the discussion and answer your questions about CBD.
Who's the target consumer for CBD products? What sort of impact is it having on the culinary landscape? What exactly is CBD, anyway? Mark your calendars and join us on January 18th to find out!
P.S. You have to be signed up for our Slack channel to join. To do so, head here to fill out a quick form.
The Farm Bill Just Passed — What Does That Mean for the CBD Market?
After months of back and forth, Congress voted yesterday to pass the 2018 Farm Bill. The $867 million bill contains lots of wide-reaching legislative measures, like expanded farm subsidies, SNAP revisions, and permanent funding for farmers markets. But perhaps most interestingly, the bill legalizes the production and sale of hemp at a federal level. And where there's hemp, there's CBD.
CBD (cannabidiol) is the non-psychoactive ingredient in cannabis. It can be derived either from hemp or straight-up marijuana, two different strains of the same plant (though hemp contains very little THC). Until now, legality of the substance was unclear at best: Though legal to buy in the 47 states where CBD sales are legal, it was still considered a controlled substance by the DEA.
But the passage of the Farm Bill has the potential to rapidly grow the already buzzy CBD market. The bill rewrites the definition of marijuana to exclude industrial hemp, essentially removing hemp-derived CBD from the DEA's list of controlled substances. It also gives each state the power to decide if it wants to allow the sale of CBD products made from hemp.
There's clearly a demand for the trendy ingredient, which, its proponents believe, can do everything from reducing inflammation to treating anxiety and depression. As of now, the majority of the roughly $800 million U.S. hemp market is for CBD products. CBD is showing up in beer, gummies, and skincare creams, spurred by media buzz around the substance as the next wellness miracle "drug". And there's no sign it's going to slow down any time soon. The CBD market is projected to hit between $2 billion and $3 billion in sales by 2021.
According to a Consumer Reports interview with Colleen Keahey, the President of the Hemp Industry Association, legalizing hemp in the U.S. could mean "doubling or tripling domestic cultivation within the next year." Though Ms. Keahey's job as the President of the Hemp Industry Association means that her predictions should be taken with a grain of salt, I wouldn't be surprised if it turns out to be justified.
Now it's up to farmers to meet this growing demand. Since hemp will now be a regular commodity crop, like corn or soybeans, farmers are also able to buy federally subsidized crop insurance and invest in advertising — neither of which they could do before the Farm Bill. Hemp will also be eligible for institutional funds, meaning farmers can grow their farms more quickly and invest in new equipment. Combine these points, and the hemp market is indeed about to experience a boom.
It's not all rainbows and pots (ha) of gold yet, though. The production and distribution of hemp-derived CBD may now be legal, but that doesn't mean it will immediately start popping up in more and more consumables. The biggest reason: the FDA still considers CBD to be an illegal food ingredient.
So while farmers can now legally grow hemp across the country to produce CBD, according to the National Law Review, it is "not allowed in food" — though that hasn't stopped plenty of companies from making CBD-infused products anyway. But until the FDA gives the thumbs-up to CBD, we likely won't see Big Food brands (like Coca-Cola, who was rumored to be exploring a move into the cannabis drink market) releasing any products with it.
The bill will now head to President Trump's desk, where he's expected to sign it. This next year will be a critical test to see if the Farm Bill will indeed be as pivotal for the CBD market as many hope.
The Future of Cannabis Edibles is Wellness, Not Recreation (Podcast)
"The [cannabis edibles] consumer is probably not who you think it is," said Linda Gilbert, formerly Managing Editor, Consumer Insights cannabis data company BDS Analytics. "The average age of a cannabis consumer is 42. This is not an 18 year old living in his parent's basement."
As marijuana legalization expands, so does its consumer base. More and more users of all ages and backgrounds are looking to experiment with this trendy new ingredient — but they're not necessarily coming to it in order to "get stoned." Many turn to cannabis as a natural way to take the edge off of anxiety, manage their pain, or just relax. "They're doing it for more health and wellness reasons than recreational purposes," emphasized Gilbert.
But unless they're a historic marijuana user, they don't necessarily want to smoke something. Instead they'll turn to edibles. "[There's a] cultural shift of acceptance," said Merril Gilbert, founder of cannabis dosage labeling company TraceTrust. And more and more companies — even Big Food companies — are starting to notice.
Scott Riefler, VP of Science for cannabinoid company Tarukino, pointed out that cannabis is rapidly becoming a food ingredient in its own right. "It's something that can be added to the culinary experience," he said. In fact, cannabis can be a functional ingredient in everything from wine to chocolates. And as it becomes more widely legalized, its applications (and user base) will spread.
In this conversation from Smart Kitchen Summit 2018, I talk with these three panelists about the burgeoning cannabis edibles market — and where we can expect it to grow from here.
You can listen to the podcast by clicking play below, download here or find it on Apple Podcasts.
Stillwater's CBD Powder Lets Food Manufacturers Turn "Anything Into an Edible"
If you're looking to try trend du jour CBD (cannabidiol), the non-hallucinogenic chemical in marijuana, you've got a lot of options these days: the trendy ingredient is making its way into sparkling water, beer, candies, and even dog biscuits (okay, you probably won't try the last one).
Companies big and small are hustling to take advantage of burgeoning consumer demand for CBD. Major beverage corporations like Molson Coors, Lagunitas, and Constellation Brands have all been developing drinks infused with the trendy ingredient. Even Coca-Cola is exploring ways to make use of CBD (though they won't pull the trigger until the substance is legal throughout the U.S.).
"All of these [Big Food] companies are looking at it or at least talking to people about it," said Jeremy Goldstein, co-founder and COO of Stillwater Brands, a company that makes cannabis edibles and drinkables. With good reason: Hemp Business Journal estimates that the CBD market is projected to grow by a whopping 700 percent by 2020, hitting $2.1 billion in sales. Greenwave Advisors, an independent research firm focused on the cannabis market, estimates CBD sales will hit almost $3 billion by 2021.
Based in Colorado, Stillwater's products are targeted at a "new" sort of cannabis edibles consumer: someone who wants to experiment with marijuana in a way that's safe, predictable, and consistent — and also tastes good. Everyone has had the experience where they ate too much and it "hit them like a ton of bricks," said Goldstein. Their main product is Ripple, a tasteless, water-soluble powder that lets people turn "anything an edible," according to Goldstein. By making Ripple water-soluble, Stillwater increased the speed of onset, so consumers will feel its full effects within 15 minutes and can decide whether or not they want to take more.
Stillwater Brands' gummies and powder.
Thus far, all of Stillwater's products have had at least some THC (the psychoactive element in cannabis) in them. But starting next year, Stillwater will launch an all-CBD version (less than .3 percent THC) of Ripple's tasteless, odorless powder. And that's where Stillwater's business plan starts to get more interesting — and more complicated.
In order to make a CBD-only product, Goldstein told me they have to use a new facility that's entirely separate from the one they use to make their products that contain THC. That's because the regulatory framework is different depending on whether or not an edible contains THC and CBD, or CBD only; products that contain THC can only be made and sold in states where recreational marijuana is legal (as of now, that's just 10 states plus D.C.), and you can only purchase them from a licensed dispensary.
The legality of CBD-only products, on the other hand, is very murky. The FDA recently approved a purified form of CBD as a treatment for certain seizure disorders, but they haven't investigated it in a recreational context — which means it's illegal on a federal level. Nonetheless, plenty of companies still ship CBD products, from fruit beverages to mango-chili chocolates, across state lines. As of now, there haven't been any legal repercussions for these companies, but some, like Dirty Lemon, are backing away from the space, wary of liability issues.
Stillwater is already selling their water-soluble CBD product wholesale. Their B2B ingredients business, Stillwater Ingredients, currently provides CBD to two major food manufacturers and "five to ten" smaller clients in the U.S. (Goldstein didn't disclose exact numbers), and also partners with a major Canadian cannabis company.
Like many other companies that make cannabis edibles (or drinkables), Stillwater frames their products as wellness tools — not party drugs. That stance goes double for products with just CBD, which many believe it has anti-inflammatory and calming effects (though it hasn't yet been tested by the FDA).
Entering the wellness industry is a smart move: the global market is estimated to be around $4.2 trillion. By marketing their edibles as wellness tools, almost like vitamins, Stillwater can also capture a wider range of consumers than traditional "stoners." According to Goldstein, their target demographic is anyone who might use a sleep aid, struggle with anxiety, or have difficulty focusing at work. In short: pretty much everyone.
If the 2018 Farm Bill, which is reportedly nearing the finish line, passes, Stillwater might soon be serving a lot more of these consumers. The bill would legalize sales of hemp-derived CBD nationwide, opening the floodgates for the cannabidiol market and bringing many more players, wholesale and otherwise, to the table. It could even pave the way for Big Food to release CBD-infused products. Until then, come next year, you can use Stillwater's Ripple to edible-ize anything your heart desires, from apple juice to zucchini bread.
Despite "High" Interest, CBD-Infused Drinks Not Ready for the Mainstream
Expectations have been riding high for CBD-infused beverages. CBD (cannabidiol), the non-psychoactive ingredient in marijuana that's meant to promote relaxation and fight inflammation, has been popping up everywhere from beer to chocolate to dog treats.
Lately, CBD has been making an especially big splash in the beverage space. Sparkling water drink Recess, which contains 10 mg of CBD per can, frames itself as a relaxing, focus-inducing drink for the afternoon work slump. Major beverage corporations like Molson Coors, Constellation Brands, and Lagunitas have taken steps to develop drinks infused with CBD. The non-hallucinogenic extract is also showing up in lattés, non-alcoholic wine, and carbonated drinks.
A variety of cannabis-infused edibles.
But the rise of CBD-infused drinks might not be as straight a shot as it seems.
A few months ago rumors circulated that Coca-Cola was in talks with a Canadian marijuana producer to create cannabis-infused beverages. The move was seen as a way for the soda giant, which is trying to diversify its portfolio amidst a decline in soda sales, to tap into the fast-growing market of healthy, low-sugar beverages like tea and kombucha.
However, it seems that for now their cann-ambitions have cooled. A few days ago, the soda giant's CEO told the Wall Street Journal that the company "won't use cannabis-derived ingredients in the U.S. or elsewhere until they are legal and there is a scientific consensus that they are safe for daily consumption."
They're not the only high-profile company to run up against regulatory challenges for CBD sales. In late June of this year, fancy water startup Dirty Lemon released a product called +cbd. Each bottle contained 20 mg of the non-hallucinogenic cannabis extract, and was aimed at the "wellness" market. Earlier this week, BevNet reported that the company would discontinue sales of their +cbd drinks "until the regulatory framework around hemp-derived CBD is clarified on a federal and state level."
According to the piece, Dirty Lemon ceased sales of +cbd because the contradictory laws made manufacturing and distribution prohibitively tricky. "Most essential services, such as banks, credit card processors, insurance companies, co-packers and even freight carriers are limiting exposure to the ingredient until clear regulatory guidance has been issued at both the Federal and State level," he wrote to BevNet. "We're following the same strategy moving forward."
Combined, these two pieces of news will likely harsh the mellow of those who thought CBD beverage mania about to hit its heyday. But honestly, anyone who thought that cannabis-infused beverages — hallucinogenic or not — were on the brink of becoming as commonplace as a can of Bud Light was overly optimistic.
As of now, recreational marijuana use is only fully legal in three countries — Canada, Uruguay, and Georgia — plus nine U.S. states and Washington, D.C. It's still very much illegal at the federal level, and when it comes to CBD the law is pretty murky. The FDA recently approved a purified form of CBD, but only to treat certain seizure disorders. There hasn't been much research done on the health benefits — or safety — of THC or CBD in a recreational edibles context.
In our panel on cannabis edibles at the Smart Kitchen Summit last month, the speakers pointed out that shipping edibles is a tricky process: they aren't allowed to cross state lines, even between two states in which marijuana sales are legal. It makes sense that mega-companies like Coca-Cola are hesitant to dip their toe into an industry that isn't legal across their entire market, or even in Georgia, where their headquarters are based.
Things could change pretty quickly if the 2018 Farm Bill, which would legalize sales of hemp-derived CBD in all 50 states, passes. But no need to bug out: until then, if you want to sip on a CBD beverage you can seek it out at a dispensary (where legal) or order a 6-pack of Recess — which doesn't seem to have run into the same issues as Dirty Lemon — online.
Food Tech Roundup: CBD, Butterballs and Resy!
With Halloween in the rearview mirror and eggnog now on store shelves, we have officially entered the holiday season.
Dunh-dunh-DUNH!
Fear not, for we at The Spoon are here to help you with your connected cooking this season, whether that's through cooking tips or… some supplemental help. Speaking of which…
The 411 (420?) on CBD
Derived from cannabis, CBD is all the rage and is being infused into everything from chocolates to beer to water and potentially even Coca-Cola products. Supposedly the wonder substance CBD can supposedly reduce inflammation and help with anxiety.
But does it, though? I mean, really? Or is it just another example of snake oil in a new package?
Vox has put together a pretty great primer on the state of CBD that you should read. Here's a tasty nugg from that story to pique your interest "CBD is about as poorly regulated and understood as a product this popular can possibly be. It's not accurate to say that CBD, as a whole, is bullshit. From a medical perspective, it's promising; recreationally, it's interesting. But that doesn't mean the stuff you're buying works."
Alexa Adds Butterball Skill
Whether it's your first or fiftieth time cooking turkey — there's no shame in getting a little help when you need it. In a move fit for our digital age, in addition to its famous hotline, Butterball now has an Alexa skill to give you guidance with your bird.
As The Takeout writes, using Alexa connects you with an automated assistant to answer basic cooking questions by using just your voice. So your hands can be otherwise elbow-deep in a turkey, or filled with giblets and you can still get the answers you need.
RUMOR: Resy to Aquire Reserve
Eater reports that online reservation platform Resy is set to acquire rival table booker, Reserve for an undisclosed sum of money. The source of the rumor is Chicago restauranteur, Nick Kokonas (owner of Alinea) who also just happens to have his own reservation system called Tock. Kokonas also claims to have looked at a Reserve acquisition earlier this year, but passed on it. Both Resy and Reserve declined to comment.
UPDATE: The New York Times reports that Resy did indeed acquire Reserve. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.
For a Fast-Growing Cannabis Edibles Market, Trust is Key
When you're curious if a food is organic or non-GMO, you look to see if there's a label. If so, you know the item's entire supply chain has been examined, tested, and verified by a reliable organization.
TraceTrust is working create the same sort of third-party certification for an emerging food product: cannabis-infused edibles. Started three years ago by Merril Gilbert and Rhiannon Woo, the California-based company came about right as their state was on the cusp of legalizing marijuana. Originally, they wanted to develop an entirely new type of edible: one targeted not at stoners, but a modern consumer who wanted to experiment with cannabis in a way that was subtle, reliable, and regulated.
Their target consumer group was women who wanted to use marijuana to relax or relieve pain, but didn't want to smoke it or eat something with a heavy, overwhelming cannabis flavor. The two women got a clear, flavorless oil and gave it to pastry chefs to turn into baked goods, but quickly realized a big problem: when mixed into cookies or candies, it was really difficult to gauge potency.
"Unpredictability is the biggest issue facing the edibles market," Gilbert told me over the phone. So TraceTrust shifted gears and began focusing on dosing. They now work with manufacturers and labs to test each edible and ensure that its advertised doses of CBD (non-psychoactive) and THC (psychoactive) are accurate and consistent. TraceTrust also examines the product's packaging and consumption instructions to make sure they're easy to understand. This is especially important for items which contain multiple servings, like a chocolate bar, where each square contains a prescribed cannabis dose.
If a product checks all the boxes, then TraceTrust will give the product a special seal of approval, called A True Dose. Basically, it signifies that the edible is made with reliable strains of marijuana and that each serving will contain exactly the dose it advertises.
A True Dose is currently in beta and will launch nationwide in January 2019. Starting then, manufacturers in any state where marijuana is legal can pay TraceTrust a fee to get their products certified. If they pass, they'll earn the A True Dose seal to put on their packaging and marketing materials; if not, the TraceTrust team will work with them to correct any issues. "Overall, it's very similar to non-GMO or any third party seal," said Gilbert.
Gilbert predicts that as edibles become more widely legalized and, thus, normalized, labels like this will play a much larger role. "Anything that says, 'We went further, we did more, we care' is going to win consumers," she said. They're hoping that the A True Dose label will become a point of differentiation for brands, so they can charge more if their product sports the seal.
As we've written about previously on the Spoon, cannabis is rapidly becoming normalized and de-stigmatized; the same goes for edibles. Gone are the days of stale weed brownies — nowadays, consumers can get their high from a variety of beverages (beer, soda, coffee, even sparkling water), candies, chocolates, and more. Even Big Food and Drink companies are getting in on the game: Molson Coors, Heineken, and even Coca-Cola have all teamed up with cannabis companies to create marijuana-infused beverages.
"We're beyond the stoner culture now," said Gilbert. "But what makes people hesitate when it comes to edibles is the unknown." Hopefully, TraceTrust can help cut through the haze of smoke currently covering cannabis edibles.
Gilbert will be speaking at the Smart Kitchen Summit on a panel entitled "Edible Cannabis: The New Functional Food?" She'll be joined by Scott Riefler of Tarukino, an innovation group which develops cannabis-infused beverages, and Linda Gilbert of BDS Analytics, who tracks and analyzes the marijuana consumer market. If you're interested in learning more about the future of edibles, don't miss it!
Cannabis-Infused Beer is New Hot Edible (Er, Drinkable) Trend
Have you ever wanted to roll your vices together to make one uber-vice? No? Well now you can — sort of.
Companies are capitalizing on marijuana's march towards widespread legalization by developing new ways to ingest Mary Jane. One method in particular that's on the rise is cannabis-infused beverages, from beer to soda.
Brewery behemoths have read the writing on the wall, and are scrambling to capitalize on marijuana legalization. The Wall Street Journal reported that Colorado-based beer giant Molson Coors will team up with Canadian marijuana grower The Hydropothecary Corporation to make a non-alcoholic, cannabis-laced drink for the Canadian market. They're hustling, since Canada will legalize recreational-use pot on October 17th, and marijuana edibles will become legal in 2019.
This move comes a few months after Constellation Brands, the company behind Modelo and Corona beer, took a minority stake in Canadian marijuana producer Cannabis Growth. In June, Heineken-owned Lagunitas teamed up with CannaCraft to make Hi-Fi Hops: two cannabis-infused beverages made with varying levels of THC (the psychoactive chemical in marijuana) and CBD (the relaxing chemical). The inventor of Blue Moon beer partnered with Ebbu to launch a THC-infused beer in Colorado.
Though they might be called "beer," no cannabis-infused beverages on the market are actually alcoholic. Instead, they're marketed as an alternative to booze; they're meant to give the same relaxing effects in social situations, minus the calories and hangover. The majority of these beverages have a relatively low dose of THC, CBD, or both — around 5 grams — which is enough to bring on a buzz for most people, but not so much that you'll pass out on the sofa after eating an entire box of Girl Scout cookies.
But cannabis beverages aren't limited to beer (or "beer"). California Dreamin', a company which makes marijuana-infused sodas in flavors like grapefruit and tangerine, raised $2.3 million in funding this week. Investors include famed startup accelerator Y Combinator and Paul Buchheit, creator of Gmail. The San Francisco-based startup markets its sugar-free, gluten-free wares as a social beverage and "a healthy alternative to beer."
Seattle's Cafe Hitchcock Express offers lattés infused with CBD, the non-psychoactive chemical in cannabis. Californian Rebel Coast Winery offers a Sauvignon Blanc which contains THC; their website promises the relaxing effects of alcohol, but with fewer calories and no hangover. Keef makes sparkling beverages with marijuana, which they market as "the go-to social option for people looking for a low-calorie, sugar free alternative to alcoholic beverages and sugary cannabis-infused edibles."
It's no surprise that these companies are scrambling to get a piece of the consumable cannabis pie. As we wrote in our piece on edibles earlier this year, cannabis-infused food and drink account for 18% of California's marijuana sales, according to a Green Market report. Everyone, from emerging startups to CPG giants, is experimenting to figure out how to ride the wave as marijuana becomes legalized in more and more places.
This is especially critical for alcohol-peddling companies, which are experiencing a dip in sales in states where marijuana is legal. A study by Georgia State University in December 2017 found that alcohol consumption dipped by 15% in areas with access to legal marijuana. By developing a pot product of their own, companies hope to capture some of the booming cannabis market — or at least not let it disrupt them quite so much.


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Internet Explorer 5 (сокращённо IE5) — пятая версия обозревателя от Microsoft, выпущенная в марте 1999 года.

В этой версии IE впервые поддерживал значительные части W3C DOM, а также обеспечивал улучшенную поддержку CSS. Поддержка письма справа налево (арабский язык и иврит), шрифта кегля агат, XML, XSL и возможность сохранения веб-страниц в формате веб-архива MHTML.

Он поставлялся как обозреватель по умолчанию в Windows 98 SE и Windows 2000, а также на дисках с Microsoft Office 2000. Также предлагался для Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT 4.0 и Windows 98.

Преемник IE5, обозреватель Internet Explorer 6 вышел в августе 2001 года.

Internet Explorer 5.5
Браузер Internet Explorer 5.5 вышел в июле 2000 года. Из главных его особенностей — улучшенный предпросмотр страниц для печати, улучшенная поддержка CSS и HTML и интерфейс программирования. Поставлялся как браузер по умолчанию в Windows Me; также предлагался для Windows 95, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 98, Windows 98 SE и Windows 2000.

Ссылки
 История Internet Explorer

Неподдерживаемое ПО Microsoft

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Written by Paul "Fred"
Ahh, yes, about time! The classic FPS that launched the genre sky high, will finally have a review!
Ahhh, yes, the gameplay is what we all love this game so much for. You have six weapons, over thirty levels, and some of the simplest gameplay of all time. Walk, shoot, dance a victory dance, repeat. Of course, with some added puzzles, power-ups, and more enemies than you'd prefer to keep track of, I think this game will keep up. So, you've got all the weapons you'd expect to have on a Mars facility infested with demons. A pistol, a shotgun, a chaingun, your fists, a CHAINSAW, a PLASMA RIFLE, and the ultimate weapon....THE BFG9000! This baby can kill nearly anything, except the final boss....CYBERDEMON. So, there you have a decent array of weapons to play around with. What next? Oh, yes, the enemies....You have imps, demons, invisible demons, spider masterminds, wierd goatmen demons, even zombies! Ohhh, what a wonderful time you'll have blowing them all up to tiny bits. AND there are some red beholders. Yaay. Overall, I'd give the gameplay a 14/20. Simplicity is good.
Not...Very....Good. But, actually, for that time, they were excellent! The level design is simple, I'll admit, but the creature models aren't THAT bad. Really, though, for the time, it was great. Just fantastic. I'll give it a 5/10 for effort?
Hmm.....Terrible. Not god at all. Though I suppose the sound of the weapons firing ad impacting isn't bad at all. Like the BFG9000. I just grin when I hear that thing go to work. And I suppose it's kinda funny to hear the demons exploding. It sounds almost like somebody swimming through gelatin. And the background music is sorta...Bleepy. Yet strangely enjoyable. 6/10
This game is as stable as a horse in the middle of Antarctica. 5/5
Controls/Interface
Pretty good. The strafing is below par, but who cares when you can run so dang fast? No matter how many times I try, it just won\'t allow the controls to be changed. This may be just a problem with my computer, but it's still noteworthy. 4/5
Violence! Woo-ee. Let's see....To start out, you kill hundreds upon hundreds of non-human beings. Yep. Heaps and heaps on them. What else are you gonna do on a planet filled with weird beings that are out to get you? I guess that knocks off 3.5 points off the game. Blood/Gore? Not as bad as you thought. Really, now. Compared to a lot of games THIS generation of gaming, this isn't really bad. Sure, a puddle of blood appears when you kill an enemy, as well as that is the case with some games like Age of Empires. That knocks off about 1.5 off the content ride. As for gore, I've seen worse in movies such as the Patriot or Gladiator. But I'll take off 1 point, as it\\'s still there. Language? Not too much of an issue. Seeing as there's only one actual human in the entire game, (boo-hoo) there's no dialogue. Occasionally you'll see a minor swear word like hell in the menu, but what else would you expect? Sexual content? Non-existent. Now move on to the next category. Occultic/Magic uses Ohhhhh boy. A space station FILLED WITH DEMONS. Then eventually, you go to the CORE of the planet. I think I'll take off 5 points now, shall I? Yes, I think I shall. As if tons of demons weren't enough, there are also skull keys, some weird symbols all over the place in the later levels, and more...
Gameplay: 14/20
Graphics: 5/10
Sound: 6/10
Stability: 5/5
Controls/Interface: 4/5
Violence: 5/10
Language: 9/10
Sexual Content: 10/10
Occult/Supernatural: 5/10
Other issues: 10/10
Total: 73/100
Word Search by POWGI (Switch)
Need for Speed Most Wanted U
Luigi\'s Mansion
A Rite from the Stars (PC)
INK (PC)
Artemis Spaceship Bridge Simulator (PC)
Madden NFL 2004 (PC)
Fritz 9 (PC)
Egg Snatch
Mixcder HD901 Wireless Bluetooth Headphones
Dragon Quest Heroes: The World Tree's Woe and the Blight Below (PC)
Uno (Xbox One)
Janken Cards (Mac)
PC/Mac/Linux \\


The lake is approx 3 acres in size and was dug over forty years ago, having only been used for the benefit of the owner for pleasure fishing. It was previously surrounded by poplar trees which resulted in approximately one metre of silt to buid up. Since acquiring the property we have completely drained and desilted the lake. It was also made twice as deep as originally constructed with depths varying between 3 to 11ft. The bottom varies with soft mud, hard bottom, the odd patch of silt and gravel patches. There is also an island that is made up of trees, the roots of which are embedded in the lake itself and has now been fenced off. The lake is spring fed and water quality is very good with lots of natural food.
Since completion of this, the lake has been stocked with 100 mirror and common carp between 18lbs-30lbs and 4 carp between 40lb-46lb. The lake also contains pike to 24lb, black bass and roach. The fish have been fed on a high protein pellet and boillies which are available to purchase from the owners.
New stock has been added including a 52lb mirror, 34lb mirror, 24lb, 26lb and 27lb common carp.
There are no crayfish or poisson chat in the lake.
No permits needed and night fishing is allowed.
The lake was netted on 23rd October 2012 and over 200kg of small carp, 120kg of roach and 10kg of this year's fry were taken out. These were replaced with 10 carp between 20-25lb and more will added later.


If you buy into the popular theory that "Demographics are Destiny" (not everyone does) you probably should begin learning Chinese. Korean would be good to learn, too, especially if you expect to work in the future in the travel or hospitality industries.
That's according to a recent report issued by GetGoing Travel Insurance.
· A relatively large percentage of Chinese travelers beyond their nation's borders stay relatively close to home. In fact, a big share of them go to Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. They go there either to visit friends and relatives who live in those places or to gamble in the casinos and or enjoy the entertainment venues in Macau and Hong Kong. Hong Kong attracted 44.5 million Chinese visitors, Macau 17.2 million and Taiwan 10.7 million.
Americans last year collectively spent about $135 billion on foreign travel according to the GetGoing report, for second place on the top 10 list of foreign travel spending. Germany ranked third at $89.1 billion. The rest of the top 10 include: the United Kingdom ($171.4 billion); France ($41.4 billion); Canada ($31.8 billion); South Korea ($30.6 billion); Italy ($27.7 billion); Australia $34.2 billion; and Russia ($31.1 billion).
Like China, South Korean's average number of miles flown internationally is noticeably low. Right now that's mostly because South Koreans' most common foreign destinations are Japan, China, Thailand and the U.S. But as more South Koreans are able to afford international travel – as expected, given the strength of that nation's economy – and as they become open to venturing further away from home and to less obvious destinations, they too, like the Chinese are likely to see a large increase in combined foreign travel spending and international miles flown.


Another fabulously fun cozy! The perfect story to curl up with a cup of cocoa in front of the fire on a cold night or if you're in warm climates sit out with a gas of your favorite cold beverage.
The characters are all charming, quirky and fun. The mystery itself is interesting, twisty and though I had guesses(not the right one). the perpetrator was a surprise! I love that there is a building intrigue among not one but two men, and a mystery ensuing that.
The only thing missing for me is I would like a bit more involved in the mystery like perhaps more death or more surrounding the victims.If you like quirky characters, a fun mystery, twists, and cute Corgis you will love this.