Messier 32 (also known as M32 and NGC 221) is a dwarf "early-type" galaxy located about 2.65 million light-years from Earth, appearing in the constellation Andromeda. M32 is a satellite galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) and was discovered by Guillaume Le Gentil in 1749. M32 measures 6.5 ± 0.2 thousand light-years in diameter at the widest point.
The structure and stellar content of M32 are difficult to explain by traditional galaxy formation models. Theoretical arguments and some simulations suggest a scenario in which the strong tidal field of M31 can transform a spiral galaxy or a lenticular galaxy into a compact elliptical. As a small disk galaxy falls into the central parts of M31, much of its outer layers will be stripped away. The central bulge of the small galaxy is much less affected and retains its morphology. Gravitational tidal effects may also drive gas inward and trigger a star burst in the core of the small galaxy, resulting in the high density of M32 observed today. There is evidence that M32 has a faint outer disk, and as such is not a typical elliptical galaxy.
Newer simulations find that an off-centre impact by M32 around 800 million years ago explains the present-day warp in M31's disk. However this feature only occurs during the first orbital passage, whereas it takes many orbits for tides to transform a normal dwarf into M32. The observed colours and stellar populations of M32's outskirts do not match the stellar halo of M31, indicating that tidal losses from M32 are not their source. Taken together, these circumstances may suggest that M32 already began in its compact state, and has retained most of its own stars. At least one similar cE galaxy has been discovered in isolation, without any massive companion to thresh it.
Another hypothesis is that M32 would be in fact the largest remnant of a former spiral galaxy, M32p, which was then the third largest member of the Local Group. According to this simulation, M31 (Andromeda) and M32p merged about two billion years ago, which could explain both the unusual makeup of the current M31 stellar halo, and the structure and content of M32.
At least two techniques have been used to measure distances to M32. The infrared surface brightness fluctuations distance measurement technique estimates distances to spiral galaxies based on the graininess of the appearance of their bulges. The distance measured to M32 using this technique is 2.46 ± 0.09 million light-years (755 ± 28 kpc). However, M32 is close enough that the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) method may be used to estimate its distance. The estimated distance to M32 using this technique is 2.51 ± 0.13 million light-years (770 ± 40 kpc). For several additional reasons, M32 is thought to be in the foreground of M31, rather than behind. Its stars and planetary nebulae do not appear obscured or reddened by foreground gas or dust. Gravitational microlensing of M31 by a star in M32 was observed in one event.
M32 contains a supermassive black hole. Its mass has been estimated to lie between 1.5 and 5 million solar masses. A centrally located faint radio and X-ray source (now named M32* in analogy to Sgr A*) is attributed to gas accretion onto the black hole.
^ a b Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; Liu, Michael C.; Rieke, Marcia J.; Ajhar, Edward A.; Blakeslee, John P. (2003). "Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations". Astrophysical Journal. 583 (2): 712–726. arXiv:astro-ph/0210129. Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. doi:10.1086/345430.
^ a b Karachentsev, I. D.; Karachentseva, V. E.; Hutchmeier, W. K.; Makarov, D. I. (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905.
^ "M32". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
^ Kent, S. M. (1987). "Surface photometry of six local group galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 94: 306–314. Bibcode:1987AJ.....94..306K. doi:10.1086/114472.
^ Mateo, M. L. (1998). "Dwarf Galaxies of the Local Group". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 36: 435–506. arXiv:astro-ph/9810070. Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..435M. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.435.
^ Lauer, T. R.; Faber, S. M.; Currie, D. G.; Ewald, S. P.; Groth, E. J.; Hester, J. J.; Holtzman, J. A.; Light, R. M.; O'Neil Jr, E. J.; Shaya, E. J.; Westphal, J. A. (1992). "Planetary camera observations of the central parsec of M32" (PDF). Astronomical Journal. 104: 552–562. Bibcode:1992AJ....104..552L. doi:10.1086/116254.
^ Kepple, George Robert; Sanner, Glen W. (1998). The Night Sky Observer's Guide. Vol. 1. Willmann-Bell. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-943396-58-3.
^ Faber, S. M. (1973). "Tidal Origin of Elliptical Galaxies of High Surface Brightness". Astrophysical Journal. 179: 423–426. Bibcode:1973ApJ...179..423F. doi:10.1086/151881.
^ Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. (2001). "A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy?" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 557 (1): L39. arXiv:astro-ph/0107117. Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. doi:10.1086/323075.
^ Graham, A. W. (2002). "Evidence for an Outer Disk in the Prototype Compact Elliptical Galaxy M32". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 568 (1): L13–L17. arXiv:astro-ph/0202307. Bibcode:2002ApJ...568L..13G. doi:10.1086/340274.
^ Dierickx, M.; Blecha, L.; Loeb, A. (2014). "Signatures of the M31-M32 Galactic Collision". Astrophysical Journal. 788 (2): L38. arXiv:1405.3990. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788L..38D. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/788/2/L38.
^ Choi, P. I.; Guhathakurta, P.; Johnston, K. V. (2002). "Tidal Interaction of M32 and NGC 205 with M31: Surface Photometry and Numerical Simulations". Astronomical Journal. 124 (1): 310–331. arXiv:astro-ph/0111465. Bibcode:2002AJ....124..310C. doi:10.1086/341041.
^ Huxor, A. P.; Phillipps, S.; Price, J. (2013). "Discovery of an isolated compact elliptical galaxy in the field". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 430 (3): 1956–1960. arXiv:1302.6520. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.430.1956H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt014.
^ "The Milky Way's long-lost sibling finally found". University of Michigan News. 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
^ D'Souza, Richard; Bell, Eric F. (2018-07-23). "The Andromeda galaxy's most important merger about 2 billion years ago as M32's likely progenitor". Nature Astronomy. 2 (9): 737–743. arXiv:1807.08819. Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..737D. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0533-x. ISSN 2397-3366.
^ Ford, H. C.; Jacoby, G. H.; Jenner, D. C. (1978). "Planetary nebulae in local group galaxies. VI - an observational determination that M32 is in front of M31". Astrophysical Journal. 223: 94–97. Bibcode:1978ApJ...223...94F. doi:10.1086/156239.
^ van Dokkum, P. G.; Franx, M. (1995). "Dust in the Cores of Early-Type Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 110: 2027. arXiv:astro-ph/9507101. Bibcode:1995AJ....110.2027V. doi:10.1086/117667.
^ Paulin-Henriksson, S.; Baillon, P.; Bouquet, A.; Carr, B. J.; Creze, M.; Evans, N. W.; Giraud-Heraud, Y.; Gould, A.; Hewett, P.; Kaplan, J.; Kerins, E.; Lastennet, E.; Le Du, Y.; Melchior, A.-L.; Smartt, S. J.; Valls-Gabaud, D.; Point-Agape Collaboration (2002). "A Candidate M31/M32 Intergalactic Microlensing Event". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 576 (2): L121–L124. arXiv:astro-ph/0206387. Bibcode:2002ApJ...576L.121P. doi:10.1086/343887.
^ Tonry, J. L. (1984). "Evidence for a central mass concentration in M32". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 283: L27. Bibcode:1984ApJ...283L..27T. doi:10.1086/184326.
^ Bender, R.; Kormendy, J.; Dehnen, W. (1996). "Improved Evidence for a 3×106 M⊙ Black Hole in M32: Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Spectroscopy with FWHM = 0.47" Resolution". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 464 (2): L123–L126. Bibcode:1996ApJ...464L.123B. doi:10.1086/310098.
^ Joseph, C. L.; Merritt, D.; Olling, R.; Valluri, M.; Bender, R.; Bower, G.; Danks, A.; Gull, T.; Hutchings, J.; Kaiser, M. E.; Maran, S.; Weistrop, D.; Woodgate, B.; Malumuth, E.; Nelson, C.; Plait, P.; Lindler, D. (2001). "The Nuclear Dynamics of M32. I. Data and Stellar Kinematics". Astrophysical Journal. 550 (2): 668–690. arXiv:astro-ph/0005530. Bibcode:2001ApJ...550..668J. doi:10.1086/319781.
^ Verolme, E. K.; Cappellari, M.; Copin, Y.; van der Marel, R. P.; Bacon, R.; Bureau, M.; Davies, R. L.; Miller, B. M.; de Zeeuw, P. T. (2002). "A SAURON study of M32: measuring the intrinsic flattening and the central black hole mass". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 335 (3): 517–525. arXiv:astro-ph/0201086. Bibcode:2002MNRAS.335..517V. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
^ Valluri, M.; Merritt, D.; Emsellem, E. (2004). "Difficulties with Recovering the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data". Astrophysical Journal. 602 (1): 66–92. arXiv:astro-ph/0210379. Bibcode:2004ApJ...602...66V. doi:10.1086/380896.
^ van den Bosch, R. C. E.; de Zeeuw, P. T. (2010). "Estimating black hole masses in triaxial galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 401 (3): 1770–1780. arXiv:0910.0844. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.401.1770V. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
^ Ho, Luis C.; Terashima, Yuichi; Ulvestad, James S. (2003). "Detection of the "Active" Nucleus of M32". Astrophysical Journal. 589 (2): 783–789. arXiv:astro-ph/0303060. Bibcode:2003ApJ...589..783H. doi:10.1086/374738.
^ Yang, Yang; Li, Zhiyuan; Sjouwerman, Loránt O.; Wang, Q. Daniel; Gu, Qiusheng; Kraft, Ralph P.; Yuan, Feng (2015). "Detection of a Compact Nuclear Radio Source in the Local Group Elliptical Galaxy M32". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 807 (1): L19. arXiv:1502.03231. Bibcode:2015ApJ...807L..19Y. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/807/1/L19.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Messier 32.
Merrifield, Michael. "M32 – Dwarf Elliptical". Deep Sky Videos. Brady Haran.


The Church of Stanley dedicated to St. Peter was constructed in 1822 at a cost of £12,000 and opened in September 6th 1824; The Rev. G. W. Lewis was instituted as the incumbent by the patron, the Vicar of Wakefield.
On February 18th 1911 a disastrous fire occurred destroying the building due to the pitch pine roof being ignited by heat from the boiler.
The Churches misfortunes would continue over the next several decades through subsidence caused by mine workings. Work was carried out to try fix the problem in the 1920s but overtime the problem has worsened and due to an increasing cost to repair the building, the church was relocated in 2001 to the old school building, ironically the same place that housed the church for two years after the 1911 fire. Today the old church stands derelict and amid controversial plans to convert it to a housing development.
Structually the east end of the church is in a desperately dangerous sitaution with a crack going down both sides of the church walls. It will only be a matter of time before it colapses.
No really, trust me having been inside.. it was structurally wreaked.
Firstly i just want to say i can't imagine how much it has cost to demolish the church, am very sure restoration of the church may have worked out cheaper in the long term but we will never know. Have got a lot of wonderful memories of the church from going to Sunday school, choir and marrying my husband there, we was the last ever couple to get married there. Its such a shame that the petition didn't help to keep the church and what a sad day for Stanley and for those who lived in the village who are no longer there. I would have loved to have gone to the last service a week last Sunday but couldn't make it unfortunately.
I seriously cannot believe they are even thinking about demolishing St Peters. It is too much of a symbol of Stanley, it has beautiful architecture and I know of people travelling miles especially to see. My Mums remains are buried close to the church so I have a personal love for it. How they can try to save some of the monstrosities within the area and condemn St Peters is beyond belief.
Having been in the building I would disagree, there is fundamentally huge structural problems inside which are beyond any realistic repair.
St Peters Church Stanley is not as badly damaged as some people want us to believe.
The cracks which are visible on both sides of the building is where the extension was built and not tied into the main building.
Deliberate neglect by the clergy ensured that damp could be seen. It wouldn't have cost much to put the guttering into good repair in the early days when it started to come down.
They wanted to build a brand new church so they did all they could to destroy the old one.
There are a few churches scattered around Britain which are part of this group which I believe was built from £1 million which was given by Queen Victoria.
It would be a sin to demolish this Church. And I wouldn't want to live there even when all the corpses have been removed from what was supposed to be their final resting place!


text:
Clashes as Morsi supporters demonstrate across Egypt
By | AFP
Egyptian supporters of deposed president Mohamed Morsi hold a sit in outside Cairo's Rabaa al-Adawiya mosque on July 24, 2013. (AFP/File)
Cairo (AFP) – Several people were wounded in the Egyptian coastal city of Alexandria Friday when supporters of ousted Islamist president Mohamed Morsi clashed with his opponents, security officials told AFP.
Morsi loyalists had taken to the streets in several cities to protest against the military's overthrow of the Islamist leader in July.
In Alexandria, residents of the Al-Assafra neighbourhood hurled stones at hundreds of pro-Morsi marchers, setting off clashes before police intervened to stop the fighting, one official said.
It has been nearly three months since Egypt's first democratically elected president was deposed by the army following massive protests calling for his ouster.
His Muslim Brotherhood movement had staged rallies and set up protest camps to demand his reinstatement, but security forces dispersed them in August in a bloody crackdown that left hundreds dead.
With its leadership and many of its activists in jail, the movement has struggled to mobilise and the numbers of Morsi supporters on the streets has been dwindling with every passing week.
In Cairo, pro-Morsi demonstrators sprayed anti-military graffiti on the walls of buildings as they marched on the Nile corniche in the Maadi neighbourhood, an AFP correspondent said.
Protests were also staged in the Cairo districts of Nasr City and Mohandesseen, in the Nile Delta province of Sharqiya and the central province Qena, security officials said.
Meanwhile in village of Kerdassa on the outskirts of Cairo, security forces continued to make arrests as they searched for Islamist militants as part of a sustained crackdown on pro-Morsi supporters.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Die Deutschland war das erste Fahrgastschiff der Berliner Reederei Winkler.

Geschichte
1926 stiegen die Brüder Otto und Eduard Winkler, Söhne des Werftbesitzers Franz Winkler, in das Reedereigeschäft in Berlin ein. Mit ihrer 1925/26 auf der väterlichen Werft gebauten Deutschland führten sie ab Pfingsten von einer Anlegestelle in der Nähe der Wallstraße beim Spittelmarkt aus Ausflugsfahrten durch.

Diese erste Deutschland der Reederei war zunächst 21,94 Meter lang und 4,20 Meter breit und hatte einen Tiefgang von 0,96 Metern. Das Schiff, das mit einem 75-PS-Dieselmotor ausgestattet war, durfte 260 Personen befördern. Es war ein auch für den Winterbetrieb ausgerüstetes Salonschiff mit Heizung und ähnelte der 1924 ebenfalls auf der Winklerschen Werft gebauten Pik As der Reederei Schmidt. Wie die Pik As war auch die Deutschland mit runden Marmortischen ausgestattet.

Schon 1929 verkauften die Gebrüder Winkler dieses Schiff an die Reederei F. Müller & Söhne in Erkner weiter und ersetzten es durch ihr zweites Schiff namens Deutschland; später bauten sie sich noch eine dritte Deutschland.

Der neue Besitzer Franz Müller taufte die 1926 gebaute Deutschland in Bremen um.

Zu Müllers Flotte gehörte schon seit 1928 ein weiteres bei den Gebrüdern Winkler gebautes Fahrgastschiff, die Imperator. Die Bremen war Müllers zweiter großer Glattdecker.

1935 durften mit der Bremen noch 200 Personen befördert werden. Damit war sie nur noch das drittgrößte Schiff der Müllerschen Flotte, die damals außer der Bremen und der Imperator noch die Schiffe Imperator II (ex Silesia), Freya, Fortuna und Venus umfasste. Aber 1936 wurde die Bremen umgebaut und auf 34,1 Meter verlängert; der bislang flache Boden des Schiffes wurde mit einem Kiel versehen. Nach dem Umbau durften mit der Bremen 361 Personen befördert werden.

1946 büßte die Reederei die Bremen, die Imperator, die Imperator II und die Fortuna ein: Die Schiffe wurden von der Sowjetunion als Reparaturleistung beansprucht und abtransportiert. Die Bremen soll in der Sowjetunion den Namen Puschkin erhalten haben.

Die drei Söhne Franz Müllers hatten danach nur noch das Wrack der Venus, die Emden (ex Sei friedlich, 1939 von der Reederei Fritz Habermann übernommen) und die Freya zur Verfügung. Sie ließen die Venus, die am 8. März 1944 nach einem Bombenvolltreffer ausgebrannt war, auf der Werft der Gebrüder Winkler neu aufbauen und verlängern.

Während die Gebrüder Winkler mit ihrer dritten Deutschland 1953 nach Westberlin flohen und dort ihre Reederei weiterführen konnten, blieben die Müllerschen Schiffe in der DDR.

Der VEB Fahrgastschiffahrt Berlin übernahm die Venus im Jahr 1964 und gab ihr 1970 den Namen Werlsee. Die Emden kam 1967 als Berlin zur Weissen Flotte Potsdam, wo sie bis 1971 im Einsatz war. Die Freya war ab 1969 als Milan in Lychen beheimatet.

Literatur
 Kurt Groggert, Personenschiffahrt auf Spree und Havel, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-87584-253-7

Einzelnachweise

Passagierschiff (Deutschland)
Schiff (Reederei Bruno Winkler)
Binnenschiff (Deutschland)
Motorschiff

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text: - Initial version, created by Andrés Amado

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
I always find life writing difficult. I think this is because I feel too emotionally involved so sometimes it is difficult for me to be honest. Here is a piece I wrote for one of my OU assignments that is very close to my heart.
GUILT TRIP
I needed to be on my own. Pulling my pink fleecy hat further down over my ears I trudged on, my boots crunching on the snow. Breathing heavily, I stared back at the tents. The orange and blue domes stood out against an expanse of white. From this distance they looked like giant tortoises clinging to the ground as the biting wind threatened to blow them over. The square cubicle that was the loo tent stood a little way off to the right. I shuddered as I thought of the horrors of this tented utility; it was far better to find a discreet rock if you could. We had spent two nights up here at 3,300 metres where it had been minus 5 degrees at night and had aptly nicknamed the place Camp Desolation. I could see heads poking out of tents as people began to stir and go about their morning ablutions. Finding a rock, I sat down and felt the cold penetrating through my thermal layers. Nanda Devi stretched away in the distance, the dawn light blazing orange across the jagged snowy peaks.
Yesterday we had reached the highest point of the trek. It should have been an easy walk, but our lungs had strained with the effort and I had had a thumping headache from the altitude. Today we were heading down to warmer climes and the group was in an upbeat mood. I wasn't. It was the day of my mum's operation. Of course, we hadn't known this when my husband had booked the holiday as a surprise for my 40th birthday. The Himalayas was a place I had always wanted to visit and I had been itching to get here ever since Richard had told me. As I stared at the view I thought of my mum lying in an operating theatre, my dad and sisters pacing along some anonymous sterile corridor as they waited. I should be there, not here.
For all my life Mum had battled constantly with her weight. In recent years her obesity had led her to become almost housebound and Dad had given up work to become her carer. As Mum's health deteriorated, she decided that a gastric bypass was her only option for a normal life. The operation wasn't without risks, but Mum was prepared to take a chance. As she saw it, there was little choice left. I was the one who always asked questions of the medical staff. My dad and sisters were like timid mice when confronted by the medical profession, too polite or scared to question. I guess I could be described as the bossy one of the family. How would they cope without me?
I wrapped my arms around me and tried to think positive thoughts. A shout from below heralded breakfast. Reluctant to leave my moment of solitude I headed back down the boulder strewn path.
We sat slurping hot tea and tucking into our porridge, which the smiling Mr Singh produced, in a seemingly effortlessly way, each morning. This would be our last meal in Camp Desolation. In previous camps the mess tent had been a sociable and welcoming haven. Camp Desolation was different. The concrete shelter precluded the need for the mess tent. In fact there was nowhere to erect it on the steep icy ground. So we had eaten, shivering in a grey concrete room, surrounded by walls, which were sprayed with graffiti. The icy wind whistled through gaping windows long devoid of glass, fanning the odour of urine that wafted up from the mud floor. I don't think any of us were sad to be leaving.
The muleteers huddled in blankets on the side of the hill in the early morning sunshine. They looked pinched with cold as they waited for us to pack. The feisty mules seemed happy enough as they nibbled at the sparse vegetation. Breaking camp was a tedious affair. It was always a challenge to cram everything back into the relevant receptacles. The kit bag never seemed big enough. You had to be quick otherwise the porters would dismantle the tent with you still in it. Belongings safely stowed, we gathered around our trek leader to hear the instructions for the day. Everyone was keen to get walking in order to feel warm again. Chris told us that Niraj would be our guide for the day and Chris would be the back marker. As usual, we could walk at our own pace between the two. Niraj was a proud looking young man with a long face and a squat nose. His features were almost oriental. His tattered jacket was unzipped and I could see he wore a sky-blue T-shirt with the slogan "Free Tibet" emblazoned in black across the front. He walked at a good pace and the group fell into line behind him.
"How are you doing?" Richard asked as we strode along, concern etching his features.
"Well I'm worried of course, but there's nothing I can do from here."
"I'm sure she will be OK," he said, giving my hand a reassuring squeeze.
I smiled back, hoping he was right.
As we descended, the clouds cleared and the vegetation changed from arid rockiness to an abundant verdant green. In the distance, fields of millet added a splash of magenta to the landscape. I was feeling fit and, as we began a short climb up to a rocky pass, I found myself in the lead, together with Niraj. As we neared the top I could hear fluttering and saw a line of flags flapping in the breeze, a kaleidoscope of reds, pinks and blues. A sweet musky smell filled the air.
"What is that?" I asked Niraj
"It's a Hindu shrine. It is normal to find them at high passes on important trade routes through the mountains. It is tradition to light an incense stick and wish for a safe onward journey," he explained.
I watched him as he struck a match and lit a stick.
"Would I be able to light one?" I said shyly. "You see my mum is having a big operation in hospital today."
"Of course," he said, handing me the match.
My hand shook as I lit the incense stick. I watched the flame catch and a thin plume of smoke began to drift up into the air. I thought of Mum.
Standing back I studied the shrine. It was a simple structure built out of a large rock. The smouldering incense sticks were stuck in grooves and resembled porcupine spines. The tattered prayer flags hung above the rocky shrine together with a string of gaudy blue tinsel. It was a peaceful spot.
"What is wrong with your Mum?" Niraj asked breaking the silence.
"Stomach problems." I said, all the while thinking, "I don't even know if she is alive." I hastily wiped my eyes and saw Niraj shift uneasily.
I was relieved to hear the shouts and conversation of the group as they joined us at the top. The sun was shining and birdsong filled the air as we walked through the pass and down into a wooded valley.
We arrived at our campsite by mid-afternoon. Mr Singh had what he called "hot juice" waiting for us. It was really hot orange squash, but the sweetness was welcome and helped to restore energy levels. The campsite was by a stream and couldn't have been more different from Camp Desolation. With an abundance of water it was bliss to wash my hair after a week of not doing so. We sat on warm rocks, enjoying the heat of the afternoon sun, before it disappeared behind the craggy hills. That night we were back in the mess tent for dinner. Precariously perched on camping stalls and puffed out in our down jackets we chattered easily. We had been companions for the last week and, although we were from many different backgrounds, we had all got on well together. Mr Singh dished up tomato soup and the spices made our lips tingle. For the first time, the muleteers had made a camp fire and soon, we were drawn to the crackle and the warmth. We cupped our steaming mugs of soup in our hands and stared at the flames as we sat under the stars. The muleteers joined us by the fire, bringing with them a couple of battered paraffin containers, which they used as makeshift drums. They began singing traditional songs, their voices drifting through the still night air. I gazed up at the inky night sky. I knew that tomorrow we would be heading over the next ridge where there nestled a village with a connection to the outside world. Here I would find out for better or worse what the future would hold.
WRITING NOTES
I would have liked to show the characteristics of the other people in our trek group, but I was restricted by the 1,500 word limit so decided to focus on that particular day of the trek.
I wanted to use the different campsites as a metaphor for despair and hope.
It was a challenge to "show" the fact that I was enjoying this once in a lifetime holiday, but at the same time feeling guilty for not being with my mum and family.
I also introduced more dialogue between myself and Niraj to show what I was feeling. I embellished some of this dialogue e.g. I imagined what my response would have been if Niraj had asked me what was wrong with Mum. I wasn't in a talkative mood that day!
The following is another piece I wrote as part of my OU course. It is based on a moment when I witnessed a man being beaten, so it is not a particularly nice read. Although based on a true event, I have fictionalised the story in places.
It all happened so quickly. One moment I was savouring the flavour of curried bindhi and fragrant dhal, the delicate spices making my tongue tingle, when moments later a man was being beaten in front of my eyes.
I had seen the man creep in. He had paused in the doorway, his dark sunken eyes darting around the room. His coal-black, wiry hair was unkempt, his face streaked with grime and snot. The man was small and skinny, almost naked apart from the grubby dhoti he wore tied around his middle. It was a freezing night and we were at an altitude of 6,600 feet. He scuttled to a wash basin that was set in the corner of the room, where he bent his head and greedily gulped water from the tap. I noticed that his puny legs were caked in dried mud and his back was covered in angry scars. We were in the communal dining room at the Khali Estate high up in the Binsar Hills. Our host, Ajay was telling us about the history of the Estate, how it had been founded by Sir Henry Ramsay, who had been the commissioner of Kumaun from 1856 to 1884. Ajay was a tall broad man with cold arrogant eyes and a colonial English accent. He looked up and as his eyes fell upon the man he stopped speaking mid-sentence. Abruptly he left the table, his chair falling back and cluttering onto the wooden floor. He strode towards the man shouting at him in Hindi. The man looked up, fear in his eyes as he cowered, trying to shrink and blend into the wall. Ajay continued to bark at the man. The cook came to see what all the fuss was about and soon a small crowd had gathered. The security guard came running. In his hand he carried a thick wooden truncheon or lathi. He thrust the lathi towards the cringing figure and brought it crashing down. I heard the hollow thwack as it made contact with its target. The poor man crouched, arms raised, trying to fend off the blows to his body. Repeatedly the lathi was raised and lowered. He yelped like an injured animal.
We had just been enjoying our first traditional meal in the mountains. Our trekking party of fourteen had not yet had the time to get to know one another or establish a pecking order. We shifted uncomfortably in our seats avoiding eye contact as we wondered how we could stop this dreadful scene. Time stood still. I closed my eyes, but I could still hear. In the end I could stand it no longer.
'Ian can't you stop this?' I hissed to our trek leader.
Slowly, Ian got up and approached Ajay. Words were exchanged and reluctantly the gang dragged the man outside, his bare muddy soles sliding on the wooden floor. Through the open doorway we glimpsed the mob and it was obvious the beating carried on, but not in front of our delicate eyes.
'He is what is known as an Untouchable or Dalit,' Ian explained, rejoining us at the table.
'All he wanted was a drink of water,' I ventured.
'Apparently he has also been accused of theft.' Ian said. 'Look, I know it is difficult for us to understand, but the people here have their own way of exerting justice and it is important for us to respect the local way of doing things. I'm sorry it had to happen on your first night in the mountains.'
We sat in silence digesting this information. The rest of the food lay untouched, a greasy film congealing on the surface. It had taken 24 hours to get here from Delhi and now I would rather be anywhere else.
There was no sign of our host or the beaten man as we made our way to bed. I had been savouring my last night in a proper bed, as the next ten nights would be in a tent but, as I lay on the bed, all I could think about was the scene that we had witnessed.
I reached for my guide book, determined to learn more about the Indian caste system. I read that there were four main castes: Brahmins – priests and teachers, Kshatriyas – rulers and soldiers, Vaisyas – merchants and traders, and Sudras – labourers and servants. The Untouchables or Dalits as they are known fall beneath this caste structure and are considered less than human. I learnt that the word "Dalit" literally means "ground", "suppressed", "crushed", or "broken to pieces". I shuddered, as I thought how appropriate this was, for the man we had seen would literally be crushed after his beating. I went on to read that, historically the caste structure provided a system of mutual interdependence through a division of labour, which created security within a community. This was especially important in rural villages. Suddenly, I was in darkness as a power cut put paid to any more reading.
After a fretful night I woke to the sound of birdsong and sunlight streaming through the dark wooden interior of my room. I paused on my way to breakfast to take in the view. The Khali Estate was set in 26 acres of pine and oak forest, located in the Binsar Wild Life Sanctuary near the village of Ayarpani in the Almora district of Uttranchal. The soothing silence was interrupted only by bird calls. In the distance the whole of the Himalayan range from Nanda Devi to Trishul was visible, the majestic snow clad peaks beckoning.
Whilst we ate our breakfast, the group mused over the frightful scene we had witnessed in the dining room. Our host had yet to show his face and I hoped he felt suitably embarrassed over the previous night's events.
Ian had told us on our way here from Delhi that he had lived in India for a number of years. As a seasoned trek leader he was also familiar with the rural areas and the customs that were practiced there. I asked him what he thought about the caste system.
'As usual, it is always difficult with politics,' he sighed. 'In spite of attempts to end the caste system, it remains deeply ingrained in daily culture. In addition, things are always slower to change in rural villages where the caste system can be relied upon to instil order.' He took a sip of his tea and continued. 'In traditional Hindu society, Dalits did the jobs that were regarded as unhealthy or impure, such as the removal of rubbish or waste. It is commonly thought that people working in such areas become contaminated and that this contamination is contagious. I know that in some rural villages Dalits are still forbidden access to communal areas such as eating places, schools, temples and water sources.'
'So the poor man did just want a drink of water,' I replied huffily.
'Yes, that may have been the case as they did seem keen to stop him from drinking the water,' he sighed. 'I can only reiterate what I said last night, it is important that we respect local customs. Overtime I hope things will change.'
I concluded that the story about the man being a thief was pure fabrication. I felt cross that we had witnessed such an event without being able to stop it. Ajay appeared just as we were getting ready to leave.
'Ajay, I hope you don't mind, but the group and I were wondering what happened to the man that was here last night. I have also been trying to explain to the group what I understand about the caste system.'
Ajay shuffled his feet and refused to meet our gaze.
'I thought it would be helpful to hear your views,' Ian added.
Ajay cleared his throat and staring at a spot above our heads said, 'The caste system runs strongly here and the man you saw last night was a Dalit. He is unwelcome and has been forbidden to set foot on the estate. He has been farming land illegally, land that was stolen from my family. The government thought they were helping by giving land to these people, but these people don't know how to farm. They are Dalits and are not fit to set foot on my land, let alone farm it. The land has been in my family for generations.' He thumped a nearby table top with his fist. His face was screwed up with rage.
'Surely he has not stolen your land if the government has given it to him,' Ian said calmly.
Ajay chose to ignore this remark and instead replied, 'Things have gone missing from here. The man is trouble and it was right that he was punished. With respect sir, you and your group are visitors to this country and you must understand that we need to maintain law and order. I am running a mountain lodge and can't allow the security of our guests to be compromised.' His voice dropped to a whisper as he added, 'He knew not to come here, and he had been warned what would happen to him if he did.'
As we hoisted our ruck sacks onto our shoulders I think we were all happy to leave the Khali Estate that morning. Ajay had regained his composure and was the smiling host once again as he stood in the doorway waving farewell. I made a point of ignoring him. No way was I going to give him a friendly goodbye.
We snaked through the village eager to be on our way to the mountains. The village didn't consist of much, a few one-storey houses strung along the roadside and a village shop outside of which hung a rusty Coca-Cola sign swaying in the breeze. A battered truck, piled high with plastic waste went by, belching diesel fumes. With a screech it came to a standstill and we watched, open mouthed, as its load was tipped down the hillside, the plastic pouring out like a grotesque toxic waterfall.
Groups of school children hurried by. They gave us a cheery wave and shouted "namaste." Three girls, about eight years old and dressed in immaculate school uniforms of green and white checks, caught my eye. They smiled shyly and instead of walking past, fell into step beside me. Giggling, one of them stroked my arm as if for a dare.
'Pen please,' she whispered.
I fumbled in my ruck-sack; luckily I had come prepared with a supply.
'Here you go.' I said holding out three multi-coloured felt-tipped pens.
'Thank you. Namaste,' they said grinning and displaying perfect white teeth.
Gleefully they clutched their bounty and skipped ahead, green satin ribbons bobbing in their hair. It was good to see education playing an important role in village life. The girls stopped and pointed to something on the side of the road and then crossed over to avoid the heap that was blocking their path. The heap turned out to be the man from last night. He sat hunched over, a piece of old coir sacking draped around his shoulders. As we drew nearer I could see that his face was bloody and his eyes were swollen. Ian dropped a water bottle by his side and we continued walking, eyes ahead. My cheeks burned with shame. I knew there were some things in India I would never understand or be able to change.
For my piece I concentrated on a snapshot of a trip to the Indian Himalayas. I realise that, although the beating of a man was an awful event to witness, I had been given an insight to rural life in the Indian Himalaya. This event moved me and I wanted to highlight the plight of the Dalits in the hope that it would move other people too.


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Home / Get Started at Massasoit / Paying for College / Financial Aid / Financial Aid Programs
Students that complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) and enroll in an eligible degree or certificate program are considered for many forms of financial aid.
Federal and State Grant Programs (money that does not have to be repaid):
Federal Pell Grant: The Federal Pell Grant Program provides need-based grants to low-income undergraduate students who have not earned a bachelor's or a professional degree. Amounts can change yearly, and are based on a student's cost of attendance, enrollment status, and expected family contribution (EFC) from the FAFSA.
For the 2019-2020 award year (July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020), the maximum annual Pell award is $6,195.
Students may receive the Federal Pell Grant for no more than 12 full-time semesters of enrollment. Students may not receive Pell Grants from two schools for the same payment period.
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG): The FSEOG program is a campus-based program that provides awards for students with exceptional financial need. Priority consideration will be given to students that meet published application deadlines and have an expected contribution of $0.
Selection of students for FSEOG awards
In selecting among eligible students for FSEOG awards in each award year, an institution shall select those students with the lowest expected family contributions who will also receive Federal Pell Grants in that year. Therefore, FSEOG awards will initially be made only to those students that meet the published priority deadlines and have an expected family contribution (EFC) on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) of $0 and are receiving a Federal Pell Grant in the Fall and/or Spring semesters. This applies to all students, regardless of program, dependency status, and enrollment status.
If Massasoit has FSEOG funds remaining after giving FSEOG awards to this first selection group, the institution shall award the remaining FSEOG funds to students with a $0 EFC that did not meet published priority deadlines. It is unlikely that limited FSEOG funding will remain after this group is awarded. However, if funding is available, priority will then be given to students with the lowest EFC's that are also receiving a Federal Pell Grant without respect to the priority deadlines.
Federal Loan Programs
Federal Direct Loans are loans made available to student borrowers through the federal government. Students who are enrolled in at least six credits may borrow a Federal Direct Loan to assist with their educational expenses.
Federal Direct Subsidized Loans: The Federal Direct Subsidized Loan is a federal student loan available to students with financial need, as determined by the FAFSA. Subsidized loans are among the least expensive loan options for students because the federal government pays the interest while the student is attending college on at least a half-time basis, during the six month grace period prior to repayment, and during other periods of authorized deferment.
Fixed Interest rate of 4.53% for the 2019-2020 academic year
Cumulative lifetime undergraduate loan limit of $23,000
No payments required while enrolled in school
Loan origination fee of 1.059% for loans disbursed after October 1, 2019
Federal Direct Unsubsidized Loans: The Federal Direct Unsubsidized Loan is a federal student loan that is not based on financial need. Interest accrues on unsubsidized loans from the time the loan is disbursed by the school. If the borrower does not pay the interest as it accrues, it is capitalized (added to the loan balance). The interest is not paid by the federal government. This is the key difference between subsidized and unsubsidized student loans.
Borrow up to $10,500 per year, depending on grade level and dependency status
Cumulative loan limit of up to $31,000 for dependent undergraduate students, and up to $57,500 for independent undergraduate students
Students that are first-time borrowers on or after July 1, 2013, have a limit on the maximum period of time (measured in academic years) that they may receive Direct Subsidized Loans. This time limit does not apply to Direct Unsubsidized Loans or Direct PLUS Loans. If this limit applies to you, you may not receive Direct Subsidized Loans for more than 150 percent of the published length of your program. This is called your "maximum eligibility period." Your maximum eligibility period is based on the published length of your current program.
For example, if you are enrolled in a two-year associate degree program, the maximum period for which you can receive Direct Subsidized Loans is three years (150 percent of 2 years = 3 years). If you are enrolled in a one-year certificate program, the maximum period for which you can receive Direct Subsidized Loans is 1.5 years (150 percent of 1 years = 1.5 years).
Because your maximum eligibility period is based on the length of your current program of study, your maximum eligibility period can change if you change to a program that has a different length. Also, if you receive Direct Subsidized Loans for one program and then change to another program, the Direct Subsidized Loans you received for the earlier program will generally count toward your new maximum eligibility period.
Federal Direct Parent Plus Loans: Federal Direct PLUS loans are federal loans that parents of dependent undergraduate students can use to help pay education expenses. The U.S. Department of Education makes Direct PLUS Loans to eligible borrowers through schools participating in the Direct Loan Program. To apply for a PLUS loan, the student must complete a FAFSA application, and the parent borrower must submit a PLUS loan application and credit check release, both of which are available in the "Forms" section of the Financial Aid website, or which can be requested from the Student Central.
Interest is charged from the time the loan is disbursed
The maximum loan amount is the student's cost of attendance minus any other financial aid received
Must be used for educational expenses only
Borrower must be the student's biological or adoptive parent or the student's stepparent, if the biological or adoptive parent has remarried at the time of application. Parent PLUS Loan borrowers cannot have an adverse credit history (a credit check will be done). In addition, parents and their dependent child must be U.S. citizens or eligible non citizens, must not be in default on any federal education loans or owe an overpayment on a federal education grant, and must meet other general eligibility requirements for the Federal Student Aid programs.
Additional information about federal loans.
Federal Work Study Program (money that has to be earned through work):
Federal Work Study: Federal Work Study (FWS) is a federally funded student employment program that provides part-time jobs for undergraduate students with financial need, allowing them to earn money to help pay education expenses. Positions are available on both the Canton and Brockton campuses as well as at non-profit agencies in the local community. The current rate of pay is $13.00/hr. on campus and up to $16.00/hr. off-campus. To apply for a Federal College Work Student position please complete the Federal Work Study Program application (PDF), and return it to the Financial Aid Office on the Brockton Campus or to the Enrollment Center on the Canton Campus.
For general conditions and terms applicable to work study employment, please view the Federal College Work Study Student Employment Manual (PDF).
Primary State Grant and Tuition Waiver Programs (Money that does not have to be repaid):
Massachusetts State Grant: The MASSGrant program provides need-based financial assistance to undergraduate students who reside in Massachusetts and are pursuing a degree in an eligible degree or certificate program. Award amounts range from $600 – $1100 annually ($300 – 550/semester), and are subject to change each academic year. To be eligible for a MASSGrant a student must:
Be a permanent legal resident of Massachusetts for at least one full year prior to the opening of the academic year.
Be a U.S. Citizen or non-citizen eligible under Title IV regulations.
Have applied for financial aid, using the standard Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).
Be in compliance with Selective Service Registration.
Not be in default of any federal or state Student Loans for attendance at any institution or owe a refund for any previous financial aid received.
Be enrolled full time (at least 12 credits or its equivalent) in a certificate, associates or bachelor's degree program at an eligible institution.
Not have received a prior bachelor's degree or its equivalent.
Be maintaining satisfactory academic progress in accordance with institutional and federal standards.
Demonstrate financial aid need as determined by the federal methodology need analysis criteria.
Have an Expected Family Contribution (EFC) between $0 and $5,328.
MassGrant Plus: This is a state funded grant available to both full-time and part-time students who are residents of Massachusetts, have completed the FAFSA by November 1, and demonstrate financial need for tuition and fees after accounting for expected family contribution (EFC) and all forms of institutional and public grant aid.
Massachusetts Cash Grant/Access Grant: This state funded program provides need-based grants not to exceed the combined institutional tuition and fees charged for the payment period. Priority consideration is giving to students that meet the published priority deadlines.
State grant funded program available for needy students on a first come/first serve basis. Award amounts vary, but cannot exceed the total of tuition and fees.
Need-based Tuition Waivers: Students with demonstrated need may be awarded a tuition waiver after the drop/add period for state-supported classes. Waivers cover the tuition cost only, and not course fees, are typically not available for courses taught by adjunct professors, or that are held in the evening and/or weekends. An individual student tuition waiver for an award period may not exceed the actual campus tuition charge or, in combination with other resources in the student's financial aid package, exceed the student's demonstrated financial need.
Categorical Tuition Waivers: Several kinds of tuition waivers are available to certain categories of Massasoit Community College students. These categories include, but are not limited to:
Veteran: As provided in M.G.L. Chapter 4, Section 7(43) including: Spanish War, World War I, World War II, Korean, Vietnam, Lebanese peace keeping force, Grenada rescue mission, the Panamanian intervention force, or the Persian Gulf.
*For purposes of tuition waivers, the term "veteran" shall also include any individual who served in the army, navy, marine corps, coast guard or air force of the United States for not less than ninety days at least one of which was served in the theatre of operation for the Somalian mission known as "Operation Restore Hope" and whose last discharge or release was under honorable conditions.
Native American: As certified by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Senior Citizen: Persons over the age of 60.
Armed Forces: An active member of the Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Marine, Air Force or Coast Guard) stationed and residing in Massachusetts.
Clients of the Massachusetts Rehabilitation Commission or Commission for the Blind: As certified by the respective commission.
Waiver documentation must be submitted prior to the end of the semester for which the waiver applies, and while the student is still enrolled. Waivers will not be applied retroactively to semester that has already ended, and will not be processed after a student is no longer actively enrolled.
Students will need to present documentation of eligibility and may need to certify they meet all waiver eligibility requirements prior to having their waiver accepted. Students eligible for waivers should obtain clarification from the Financial Aid Office before making course selections. Students eligible for the Senior Citizen Waiver need to certify US citizenship and MA residency and present proof of age 60 years or greater. Senior Citizen Waivers will not be accepted until one week before the start of the class, and enrollment of at least 15 students in the class is confirmed.
Institutional Financial Aid
Massasoit Community College Fee Grant (MCCFee): This fund was designed to supplement other forms of federal and state gift aid to assist students with demonstrated need to cover the full cost of tuition, fees and books. This fund may be used interchangeably with FSEOG and Massachusetts Access as part of the Massasoit packaging policy, and is usually reserved for those students that apply by the published deadlines. Funds permitting, MCCFee may also be used to assist needy student with summer tuition and fee costs. Student must file a FAFSA to be considered for this fund.
United Student Fund (USF): Funded primarily by donations and institutional fund raising efforts, the USF is used to assist needy students cover the cost of health insurance and books, as well as provide support for students with financial emergencies.
Massasoit Scholarships: A variety of institutional scholarships are available to assist students with educational costs. Information and application requirements are available on Massasoit's Scholarships and Awards page.
The VA Certifying Official is responsible for certifying VA educational benefits for veterans and their dependents. Please visit the Office of Veterans Services in the Student Center, Room SC 118 on the Brockton Campus. They may also be reached at 508-588-9100, ext. 1477. Information may also be obtained online by visiting Massasoit's Veterans page.
Financial Aid Form Submission
Attendance & Withdrawal Information
Course Repeat Policy
Financial Aid Code of Conduct
Financial Aid for Summer Semester
Federal Net Price Calculator
Return of Title IV (R2T4) Policy
Unusual Enrollment History
COVID-19 Student Emergency Grants
Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund Reporting


At the Lange Nacht der Museen we explored Innsbrucks diverse cultural scene, in a charming nocturnal atmosphere. One night/one ticket full of art, science, history and many newly gained perspectives.
FO.KU.S is one of the very few art galleries in Innsbruck that I visit regularly and again this time I wasn't disappointed by the currently featured photographer VIVIANE SASSEN. Many of her photos were taken in Africa, and her style is a beautiful composition of elegantly constructed, yet provocative characteristics. Her works are distinctively strong in shadows and lights, telling us a contrastive story of a modern and still traditional Africa. At least that's how I would describe it as a complete amateur. But hey, #arthasnorules!
Science is the poetry of reality. Who said that? Anyhow, for those of you who are driven by a constant curiosity and like burning questions about hearing, colour and the earth to be answered, the Audioversum is definitely your go-to museum. Perfect for escaping your own four walls on a rainy afternoon, especially with kids.
No matter how old – curiosity never stops!
What role do colours play in our everyday life?
Architecture is just art we live in. When walking into the – a bit hidden – exhibition you are immediately welcomed by an architecturally interesting wooden construct, which invites to sit, rest and consume certain (hops-containing) beverages. Before that you might want to check out the basement floor – where interesting models, designs and projects are displayed. Even for non-architecture-students a definite mind blower, clearly showing once again that art does not have to be in a museum to be art!
City tower. Sounds huge. The translation might not quite fit, but our beautiful historic tower located right in the middle of the old town is still high enough to enjoy a fantastic view above the roofs of Innsbruck (especially high enough when you have to climb 133 stairs). Given the lateness of the hour, we decided to call it a night and save a few of Innsbrucks many great museums for later. It's rather unlikely that we'll turn into complete art-geeks over night… but if so, the Lange Nacht der Museen can make it happen!
The best view comes after the hardest climb… or after 148 steps.
Not only at the Lange Nacht der Museen can you fully hurl yourself into the unique culture and art experience á la tyrolienne,. With the Innsbruck Card you get a free one-time admission to all museums and historical sites in Innsbruck.


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Q: Powershell and Excel - Start-Process -Wait throws error if excel.exe is already running Start-Process  -Wait won't work when excel.exe process already exists. When no excel.exe instances are running already the cmdlet works fine. But if there is an instance already running it'll throw an error. I've done some troubleshooting and the problem seems to be that the started process 'nests' itself into the existing one. You'll see that the new excel.exe will start with a separate PID, but after 1-2 seconds this PID disappears and the new instance becomes incapsulated into the existing PID of the excel.exe instance which was running before calling the cmdlet.
Anyone has the proper explanation on this behavior?
Anyone has a workaround for this?
All information is welcome!
Thanks!

A: This is the intended behavior of most Office programs after 2013 (I think). Microsoft decided to stop letting Excel, Word, and PowerPoint (at least) start an additional process by default because of various reasons I will never know.
Your workaround for this is to pass in an argument that tells Excel to open a new instance.
Start-Process Excel.exe -ArgumentList "/x" -Wait

This should cause you to see multiple intsances of the process now.

EDIT
If you want to open a file just call it this way and you shouldn't get an error:
Start-Process excel.exe -wait -ArgumentList "C:\temp\testxlsx.xlsx /x"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In relation to modern, faster-paced manufacturers, there will be instances when you question the efficiency of your company's processes.
Fortunately, technological advancements in the manufacturing field offer innovative solutions that can improve many aspects of your business.
If you were a manufacturer that experienced growth last year, it's important to consider how best to expand your business in 2015.
While hiring new employees and renovating workspaces are helpful practices to achieve further development, neither will move your company forward as quickly as automation.


Adam has volunteered with ACIDO for 8 years and is now President of the Association. He has 15 years of professional experience where he leads his downtown Toronto design consultancy: SHEPP Industrial Design. (SHEPP iD) He specializes in conception, development and launch of Hi-Tech, Med-Tech and Consumer devices. Adam is passionate about supporting the Industrial Design community through making meaningful and lasting relationships that foster collaboration and creativity.


Texarkana Convention Center, 5-6:30 p.m. CELEBRATE goTXK DAY - and join the BigLIfT movement to LEAD THE WAY in celebrating and sharing "What's to Love TXK" at #goTXK. Food, beverages, live music, friends, festivity! A program of LIfT through Leadership Texarkana, with support from the City of Texarkana, TX. RSVP!
Benefiting Hospice of Texarkana. Great fun for adults: BBQ Buffet, Live Music by the "Texas Unlimited Band", Celebrity Lip Sync Battle, Raffles, Silent Auction, Door Prizes. $60 ticket includes all plus 2 drink vouchers. Purchase now or at the door. Help pay-down the note of the Hospice Care Center. Donations appreciated even if you can't attend. Learn more!
7:30 p.m. Presented by TRAHC in the beautiful Perot Theatre. Experience the MAGIC of MUSIC! Sought after all around the world, a show that incorporates contemporary gospel, pop and musical theatre hits into performances. Expressive vocals and intricate arrangements of classical gospel hymns position Trey McLaughlin & The Sounds of Zamar to be one of the brightest new groups on the gospel scene. Learn more.
Spring Lake Park. Movies will start at dusk, near the airplane, and are free and open to the public. Participants are encouraged to bring a blanket or lawn chair. Refreshments will be sold. Learn more.
9 a.m.-7 p.m., Four States Equine Center. Learn more.
Bike Days in the Texarkana Arts and Historic District.
5:15-6:30 p.m. Use bicycles to explore the downtown area on Fridays this fall on a free guided bike tours of the District every Friday in October (Oct. 5, 12, 19, 26) Tours will begin and end at the Museum of Regional History. Rent a bike from Texarkana's UPcycle Bike Rental Program, or bring your own! (Bike rentals first come, first served). For more information, call 903-793-4831 or 903-798-3901.
Take in some local high school football!
Arkansas HS vs. McClennan, 7 p.m.
Pleasant Grove HS vs. Pittsburg, 7:30 p.m.
Texas HS vs. Mesquite Poteet, 7 p.m.
Come to the 1894 City Market at Front and Olive Streets and see the progress on The Flying Crow, downtown's diner in a train car... and shop the new art, vendors, and book signing with Matt Coleman, author of "Juggling Kittens" and Graffiti Creek. For vendor information, call Rhonda at 870.772.5026.
2-3 p.m., Discovery Place Interactive Museum. Children will create their own spider web entanglement, they will also make their own creepy crawly spider to attach to the spider web. Learn more.
Comments on "T-Town Top 10: Week of Oct. 8-14, 2018"


9815333700 | 19815333700 whose phone number?
You received a call from 19815333700 or 9815333700? Maybe they tried to scam, cheat or bothered you with unnecessary services or even attacked you with constant calls? Share it with everyone!


Scarlett is the Director of The Mortuary, a laboratory for life and art experiments, dedicated to unclassifiable experiences, unusual collaborations, and underserved voices. Scarlett is a member of Dead Practice, a transnational performance collective that makes multimedia collages, currently in residence at The Mortuary. She is CultureHub LA's Artistic Associate, where she oversees artistic programming of the LA branch of five globally networked convergent media centers, in conjunction with Seoul Institute of the Arts and La MaMa E.T.C. She is the 2018 Alliance of Los Angeles Playwrights Diversity Fellow. Scarlett received her M.F.A. in Directing from California Institute of the Arts and B.A. in Visual Arts & Theatre and Performance Studies at The University of Chicago.
Her practice is a laboratory for survival and connection. As a ritual of becoming-as-being, she casts surrogates and spectres of herself through human and object ontologies. On principles of opting out of a self and contesting the boundaries of consciousness, she curates unclassifiable experiences that implicates all participants as co-conspirators in intimate exchange. She believes performance to be an act of revolution, and togetherness as a utilitarian post-utopic strategy.
Thank you for visiting my website. Here's my resume, and here's my CV. Here's an interview I did with Ask A Director blog. Let me buy you a beverage of your choice and we can talk about things that keeps us up at night and gets us out of bed in the morning.
Scarlett is a performance director and transmedia artist from Seoul, currently configuring residence in Los Angeles. Working across disciplines, mediums, and the globe to create social and metaphysical change, Scarlett uses performance as intimate exchange, survival ritual, and act of revolution.


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The Health Impact Fund: a Mechanism to Improve Access, Innovation and Delivery of Medicines
Problems of innovation, access and delivery in the domain of pharmaceuticals still exclude billions of people from the health benefits that advanced medicines can provide. This article turns the spotlight on the Health Impact Fund as an initiative that could systematically and sustainably address these problems
by Thomas Pogge*
Director of the Global Justice Program and the Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs at Yale University
Despite much heralded advances in health and well-being over the past twenty years, there remain significant disparities in access to lifesaving medicines globally. About 30 percent of the world'€™s population still lack access to essential medicines. In addition, no adequate and effective treatments exist for the numerous neglected diseases that disproportionately affect the poor. Indeed, only 1% of therapies introduced between 1975 and 1999 targeted these diseases, despite the fact that they affect over one billion people globally.
Such gaps are a direct result of the misaligned incentives present in the current pharmaceutical innovation system. Drug development is currently incentivized and rewarded through the exorbitant mark-ups that innovators, protected by patents from market competition, can charge for their products during their early years on the market. Given very high economic inequality globally and increasingly also within countries, innovators find that the profit-maximizing prices for their pharmaceuticals make these products unaffordable to a substantial majority of the world'€™s population. As a result, many poor people, even in the more affluent countries, suffer or die because they cannot afford medicines whose marginal cost of production and distribution is quite low. Moreover, innovators shun research on diseases concentrated among the poor because they will not be able to recover their R&D costs from mark-ups on new products in such an area.
The existing system presents three major problems. First, R&D is focused on drugs that are conceived to be the most profitable, rather than on those that would lead to the most cost-effective improvements in health. Second, profit-maximizing prices prevent much of the world'€™s poor from purchasing even the medicines medicines we have available so long as they are still under patent. Third, even when a treatment is priced affordably, there remain gaps in access due to the "€œlast mile"€ problem – that is, the challenge of ensuring that available medicines are of good quality as well as accessible to and correctly used by the people who need them. These three problems exclude billions of people from the health benefits that advanced medicines can provide.
Incomplete Solutions to An Access to Medicines Crisis
Two decades ago, lawyers in Geneva included in an international trade treaty an agreement on intellectual property (IP) rights that has had a massive impact on medical treatment for individuals suffering from many of the world's deadliest diseases. One effect of this Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was to apply standards for patents developed in the world's most industrialized countries to any country intent on joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). Member countries must grant 20-year product patents on pharmaceuticals, for instance, and must ensure that corporations owning such patents can price their products without fear of competition.
Before TRIPS, IP rights were only enforced domestically. Many industrialized countries were members of international organizations and signatories of agreements that required a specific level of IP protection. Yet, none of these organizations had enforcement mechanisms and the consequences of not respecting these IP norms rarely affected other aspects of international commerce. Further, many least developed countries had only weak IP protections, or none at all. India, for example, had seven-year process patents that generic firms there were typically able to circumvent by finding a different process for manufacturing the drug.
Realizing the impact the TRIPS agreement was having on access to medicines, the World Trade Organization in 2001 issued the Doha Declaration, which provided flexibility for member states to rescind the patent protection guaranteed by TRIPS when needed to protect public health. However, patent owners simultaneously lobbied their governments to increase the legal protection for their proprietary rights in the drugs used to treat these diseases. They did so through agreements now often referred to a TRIPS-plus. Pressure continues to mount on many countries to extend patent terms, agree to data exclusivity, or agree to other measures that indirectly increase the cost of pharmaceuticals. This has had a disastrous impact on access to essential medicines.
A number of initiatives have responded to the global health crisis resulting in part from a lack of access to medicines caused by the TRIPS and TRIPS-plus agreements. Beyond the usual declarations, working papers, conferences, summits, and working groups, these initiatives include inter-governmental initiatives such as UNITAID; governmental programs such as the US President'€™s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; and public-€"private partnerships such as the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. They also include attempts to foster new drug development such as the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, the Institute for One World Health, and the Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases; and various prizes and advance market commitments (AMCs).
While improving the situation relative to what it would otherwise be, these efforts are not sufficient to secure access to medicines for the poor. Few expect that sufficient resources will be devoted to neutralizing the cost imposed on the world's poor by the globalization of 20-year patents and none anticipate that such billions will reliably and efficiently be spent year after year. As a result we turn to a more systemic solution to address the global health crisis. Involving institutional reform, such a systemic solution is politically more difficult to achieve but also politically much easier to sustain once achieved. It also preempts the huge and collectively inefficient mobilizations required to fund the many stopgap measures listed above, which can at best only mitigate the effects of structural problems they leave untouched.
A Market Solution for Market Problems
The Health Impact Fund (HIF) is an initiative that could systematically and sustainably address the three problems of innovation, access and delivery in the domain of pharmaceuticals. Using a pay-for-performance mechanism, the HIF would align the incentives of pharmaceutical firms with the needs of public health, while also allowing these firms to fulfil their responsibility to investors to maximize profit. Pharmaceutical firms would be given the option to register new medicines with the HIF. By registering, a firm would agree to provide the drug at cost price worldwide. In exchange, the firm would be rewarded, during the first eight or ten years that its new product is on the market, according to the actual measured health impact of the drug. As all registered products would be competing for a fixed pool of annual funding, the greater the health impact created by a firm'€™s product, the greater would be its share of the reward pool that year. Since registration with the HIF would be optional, firms would be able to decide for each product whether the current patent system or the HIF would be more profitable. Firms would be more likely to register products that have relatively low profitability in the current system, but that would potentially have a high health impact (e.g. effective treatments for neglected diseases). As a complement to the current patent regime, the HIF would thus help lower prices, increase access to medicines, and enable pharmaceutical firms to bring significant benefits to patients while earning a profit.
The Health Impact Fund (HIF) offers pharmaceutical firms an opportunity to register any of their products for a share of fixed annual reward pools for each of the first eight or ten years on the market. Each pool will be divided according to the health impact that the various registered products have achieved during the year. To exemplify, if all registered products saved twenty million "€œQuality-Adjusted Life Years"€ (QALYs) in a given year, then a registered product that had saved two million of these QALYs would receive ten percent of this year's reward pool. In exchange, firms would have to sell their registered products at the lowest feasible cost of manufacture and distribution and to offer royalty-free open licenses for generic production following the reward period. In its mission to encourage the development of new medicines for the poor, the HIF depends on funding commitments from countries and other partners
Since firms will be rewarded based on health impact assessment, it is important to discuss how health impact will be measured. The most important characteristic for measurement of health impact is that it must be consistent across countries and diseases in order to accurately compare and reward drugs. Furthermore, there must be some way of calculating the difference in health benefit between the new drug and the status quo. While the merits of several measurement metrics can be debated, it is important to realize that an ideal metric does not exist and that any payment based on measurement and therefore performance is better than the present system in which reward and health impact are barely correlated. It is crucial for the success of the HIF that the measurement system be designed to ensure that firms are incentivized to deliver health improvements and not game the system (i.e. capture rewards without producing outcomes). If there is margin for gaming, firms may be tempted to manipulate the process by exaggerating the benefit of the product. Doing so would stray from the end goal of increasing overall health benefit.
It is important to realize that the HIF will measure real world outcomes. Both the current system and the HIF use health outcome measurement to determine drug revenue. The current system (exemplified by NICE) uses data from clinical trials to estimate the health benefits of a drug. However, health benefits determined in clinical trials often do not reflect real health impact. There are many reasons for this. For example, patients included in a study have to meet certain characteristics that may not represent the entire population. Furthermore, patients in clinical trials are more closely monitored than they would be in the real world. Most importantly, a pharmaceutical innovator has conflicting incentives with regard to patients likely to derive little or no benefit from some product: incentives to exclude such patients from its clinical trials and yet to include them in its marketing efforts. These differences will lead to differences in outcomes. The HIF model addresses this concern by allowing for adjustments based on evidence of how the drug is used in practice and what the outcomes are.
A Solution for Innovation, Access, and Delivery
As mentioned before, there are three major problems with the current system: innovation, access, and delivery. The HIF addresses all three of these problems. Through the HIF model, firms will find it profitable to develop medicines to treat even the poor because reward will be based on health impact and marginalized populations are where the greatest health impact is waiting to be realized. The HIF will thus incentivize development of medicines for previously neglected diseases which, despite their large disease burden, have received little investment due to their unprofitability in the current innovation system. The HIF will also ensure that, when beneficial drugs are developed, they are made widely accessible to patients. The HIF would facilitate increased access to drugs by requiring that they be sold globally at cost price. The HIF would also create incentives for manufacturers to engage in facilitating the appropriate distribution of their products, as well as reducing other non-price barriers to access and rational use, since improved (appropriate) use will increase the rewards they earn. Thus, firms would be incentivized to ensure that drugs actually reach patients and are effectively used, thereby tackling the last mile problem. Thus the HIF will address the three biggest challenges of the pharmaceutical industry 1) incentivizing innovation for currently neglected diseases 2) improving access to life saving and life improving medications 3) addressing the last mile problem.
Importantly, the HIF does not act as a charity for the developing world but rather a system that benefits patients, pharmaceutical firms, and citizens on a global scale. In a time when we have seen significantly reduced global health spending due to the Great Recession and other economic setbacks, it is important to look for sustainable solutions that use the current resources more efficiently. The HIF is one such solution. The HIF would direct research towards the medicines that promise the greatest health gains and would offer those products at the same low cost to all patients. This would benefit patients regardless of their location and wealth. Firms would benefit financially from doing social good through a financing scheme that makes developing high-impact medicines profitable. Citizens, who support governments through tax payments, would benefit from the HIF because it supports efficient spending and results in lower costs for registered products. Ultimately the HIF is a market solution for market problems.
World Health Organization. 2004. The World Medicines Situation. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/policy/world_medicines_situation/en/
Trouiller P, Olliaro P, Torreele E, Orbinski J, Laing R & Ford N. 2002. Drug development for neglected diseases: a deficient market and a public-health policy failure. The Lancet, 359(9324)
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (Marrakesh, Morocco, 15 April 1994), Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1C, THE LEGAL TEXTS: THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 321 (1999), 1869 U.N.T.S. 299, 33 I.L.M. 1197 (1994) [TRIPS]
World Trade Organization, Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 14 November 2001, WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2, 41 I.L.M. 755 (2002) [Doha Declaration], at para 7. http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min01_e/mindecl_trips_e.htm
Frederick M. Abbott, "The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health: Lighting A Dark Corner at the WTO", Journal of International Economic Law (2002) 469-505, at 470. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1493725
J.F. Morin, "€œMultilateralising Bilateral TRIPS-Plus Agreements: Is the US Strategy a Failure?"€ 2008, unpublished, quoting GRAIN (2001) TRIPS-plus through the back door [online]. GRAIN publications. Available at: www.grain.org/publications/trips-plus-en.cfm [accessed on September 2008], http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1276464
F. Abbott (2006) Intellectual Property Provisions of Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements in Light of US Federal Law. ICTSD-UNCTAD, Geneva; Fink, C. and Reichenmiller, P. (2005) Tightening TRIpharmaceuticals: The Intellectual Property Provisions of Recent US Free Trade Agreements. The World Bank, Washington, DC; http://unctad.org/en/Docs/iteipc20064_en.pdf
Krikorian, G. P. and Szymkowiak, D. (2007) '€˜Intellectual Property Rights in the Making: The Evolution of Intellectual Property Provisions in US Free Trade Agreements and Access to Medicine'€™, The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 10(5), pp. 388-418, among others. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2007.00328.x/abstract
* This piece received substantial research support from Narmeen Haider, Jake Hirsch-Allen and Zain Rizvi.
Thomas Pogge is the Director of the Global Justice Program and the Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs at Yale University. Having received his Ph.D. in philosophy from Harvard, Thomas Pogge has published widely on Kant and in moral and political philosophy, including various books on Rawls and global justice. In addition to his Yale appointment, he is the Research Director of the Centre for the Study of the Mind in Nature at the University of Oslo and a Professorial Research Fellow at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics. Pogge is also editor for social and political philosophy for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science. With support from the Australian Research Council, the UK-based BUPA Foundation and the European Commission (7th Framework) he currently heads a team effort towards developing a complement to the pharmaceutical patent regime that would improve access to advanced medicines for the poor worldwide (http://www.healthimpactfund.org) and toward developing better indices of poverty and gender equity.
Posted on 20th March 2014 26th February 2015 Author Daniele Dionisio
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The world nowadays is changing faster than ever. Technology and data are reshaping industries and our lives. IBM's access to state of the art analytics, machine learning (Watson), cloud, blockchain, etc. along with our affinity to experiment and pilot make this a truly rare opportunity to engage, learn, and lead.
New roles are being built that never existed before to meet the demands of this transformation. We are welcoming a professional with passion and with technical background to join our complex organization.
Great opportunity for a Java developer role for the Digital Enablement team (part of the CIO Automation team), required knowledge of Java and Java frameworks, databases and business processes. The candidate will be working on the team with two front-end developers and being part of the discovery sessions provided by the business teams of IBM.
What your daily tasks will look like?
- Contribute to SET practice and community development initiatives including thought leadership, culture building, recruiting, community involvement, etc.


The law prohibits the use of electronic devices for cell phone calls, texting, GPS and any other means while the phone is in your hand and the car is in motion. However, we recommend that you do not use your electronic device while a car is in traffic and particularly when stopped for a red light. Many times the police do not make this distinction of a car stopped at a red light and when in motion and issue the ticket anyway. Further, once in court the police officer most likely will not concur with your account that the car was stopped at the red light. Once the police officer tells the Judge the car was in motion the Judge often sides with the police officer. Therefore, it is wise to not use the electronic device while in the car to avoid any possible conflict and interpretation and avoid receiving the summons in the first place.


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To provide a forum to prioritise, plan and influence learning and development programmes provided by LDU Community of Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust.
Working collaboratively with partner organisations to plan the health and social care workforce development and drive forward work to ensure staff are appropriately trained.
In order to ensure that decisions about learning and development are better informed, all relevant stakeholders should be involved in the Learning and Development Group.
The Learning and Development group will be accountable to the Directorate Management Team via the Operational Manager, LDU Community.
The prime remit of the Learning and Development Group is to ensure that there is education and training provision in place which meets the learning and development needs of the adult social care workforce.
The Learning and Development Group will be responsible for identifying programmes that are no longer fit for purpose and suggesting priority themes for future development.


text:
Q: SQL Server script: ALTER PROCEDURE - Executing multiple ALTER PROCEDURE into one script without having to select each of the ALTER one after another I know this is not a big issue, but it tickles me anyway.

*

*I have a SQL Server 2005 script to create new data tables, constraints, altering some tables to add columns, altering procedures to take the table changes into account, etc.

*Everything runs fine until the script encounters my ALTER PROCEDURE statements.

*The error message is as follows:

"Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Procedure
  cpromo_Get_ConsultDetails_PromotionBan,
  Line 59 Incorrect syntax near the
  keyword 'PROCEDURE'.

Here's a sample of my script:
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[cpromo_Get_ConsultDetails_PromotionBan]
(
 @idPromoBan int,
 @uid int
)
AS
begin
 set nocount on;

 /* 1-  detail de la promo */
 SELECT p.[nopromo], p.[StartDate], p.[EndDate], p.[DateText]
 FROM [cpromo_PromotionBanniere] as pb
 INNER JOIN [cpromo_Promotions] as p ON p.[idPromo] = pb.[idPromo]
 WHERE (pb.[idPromoBan] = @idPromoBan)

 /* 2 - cartes de la promo */
 SELECT pis.[idCardText], ct.[nom], ct.[descr], ct.[prix], ct.[prixCoupon], ct.[qtyItem], i.[Impact]
 FROM [cpromo_PromotionsItems] as pis
 INNER JOIN [cpromo_Impacts] as i ON i.[idImpact] = pis.[idImpact]
 INNER JOIN [cpromo_CardText] as ct ON ct.[idCardText] = pis.[idCardText]
 WHERE (pis.[idPromoBan] = @idPromoBan)
 ORDER BY i.[iorder], ct.[nom];

 /* 3 - pvedettes opti */
 SELECT m.[idCardText], m.[qtyCardL], m.[qtyCardM], m.[qtyCardMG], m.[qtyCardS],
     ISNULL(m.[qtyCardMini], 0) as qtyCardMini,
     ISNULL(m.[qtyCardMiniPTJ], 0) as qtyCardMiniPTJ
 FROM [cpromo_MEMCards] as m
 INNER JOIN [cpromo_CardText] as ct ON ct.[idCardText] = m.[idCardText]
 WHERE (m.[idPromoBan] = @idPromoBan)
 ORDER BY ct.[nom];

 /* 4 - cart */
 SELECT [idCartEl], [idCardText], [qtyL], [qtyM], [qtyMG], [qtyS],
     ISNULL([qtyMini], 0) as qtyMini,
     ISNULL([qtyMiniPTJ], 0) as qtyMiniPTJ
 FROM [cpromo_UserCarts]
 WHERE ([uid] = @uid AND [idPromoBan] = @idPromoBan);
end

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[cpromo_Get_CartItems_ByPromotionBan]
(
 @uid int,
 @idPromoBan int
)
AS
begin
 set nocount on;

 SELECT ct.nom, ct.descr, p.DateText, ct.prix, ct.prixCoupon, ct.qtyItem,
           uc.qtyL, uc.qtyM, uc.qtyMG, uc.qtyS,
     isnull(uc.qtyMini, 0) as qtyMini,
     isnull(uc.qtyMiniPTJ, 0) as qtyMiniPTJ, 3 as qteLimite
 FROM cpromo_UserCarts as uc
 INNER JOIN cpromo_CardText as ct ON ct.idCardText = uc.idCardText
 INNER JOIN cpromo_PromotionBanniere as pb ON pb.idPromoBan = uc.idPromoBan
 INNER JOIN cpromo_Promotions  as p ON p.idPromo = pb.idPromo
 WHERE (uc.uid = @uid) AND (uc.idPromoBan = @idPromoBan);
end

The error points toward the first 'end' keyword encountered when double-clicked. What I don't get at all is when selecting one ALTER statement after another, it runs just fine and smooth! When I try to run them all by pressing [F5] with no selection, it gives me the error.
I tried to embed the ALTER statements into another BEGIN...END, but no luck, it says that there's a syntax error near the keyword ALTER...

EDIT: Can it be because I comment the modifications performed after the begin statement?

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[cpromo_Get_ConsultDetails_PromotionBan]
    (
     @idPromoBan int,
     @uid int
    )
    AS
    begin
------------------
-- Added column to take table changes into account blah blah blah...
------------------
     set nocount on;

     /* 1-  detail de la promo */
     SELECT p.[nopromo], p.[StartDate], p.[EndDate], p.[DateText]
     FROM [cpromo_PromotionBanniere] as pb
     INNER JOIN [cpromo_Promotions] as p ON p.[idPromo] = pb.[idPromo]
     WHERE (pb.[idPromoBan] = @idPromoBan)

     /* 2 - cartes de la promo */
     SELECT pis.[idCardText], ct.[nom], ct.[descr], ct.[prix], ct.[prixCoupon], ct.[qtyItem], i.[Impact]
     FROM [cpromo_PromotionsItems] as pis
     INNER JOIN [cpromo_Impacts] as i ON i.[idImpact] = pis.[idImpact]
     INNER JOIN [cpromo_CardText] as ct ON ct.[idCardText] = pis.[idCardText]
     WHERE (pis.[idPromoBan] = @idPromoBan)
     ORDER BY i.[iorder], ct.[nom];

     /* 3 - pvedettes opti */
     SELECT m.[idCardText], m.[qtyCardL], m.[qtyCardM], m.[qtyCardMG], m.[qtyCardS],
         ISNULL(m.[qtyCardMini], 0) as qtyCardMini,
         ISNULL(m.[qtyCardMiniPTJ], 0) as qtyCardMiniPTJ
     FROM [cpromo_MEMCards] as m
     INNER JOIN [cpromo_CardText] as ct ON ct.[idCardText] = m.[idCardText]
     WHERE (m.[idPromoBan] = @idPromoBan)
     ORDER BY ct.[nom];

     /* 4 - cart */
     SELECT [idCartEl], [idCardText], [qtyL], [qtyM], [qtyMG], [qtyS],
         ISNULL([qtyMini], 0) as qtyMini,
         ISNULL([qtyMiniPTJ], 0) as qtyMiniPTJ
     FROM [cpromo_UserCarts]
     WHERE ([uid] = @uid AND [idPromoBan] = @idPromoBan);
    end

Thank's for any help or any cue.

A: This answer is not mine as it is the result of all the answers I have gotten. Each answer has a part of the solution, so I wanted to put an answer with all the points to the solution.

*

*Insert a "GO" statement between each and every ALTER PROCEDURE statement (Everyone who answered)

*Make sure there are no invisible characters in the white space area (Arvo)

*The BEGIN...END statements revealed to be unnecessary (Mayo)

*The semi-colons removal within the AS...GO as per procedure core seemed to cause some trouble either (Mayo)

*The comments within the procedure core as described in my question's edit don't matter, it didn't cause any error once the above points were checked (Myself)

Hope this will help someone someday.
Thanks to everyone, credits go to all of you!

A: insert "go" between alter statemnts

A: Put a GO after your first ALTER PROCEDURE BEGIN ... END

A: Add a go statement after every end procedure statement. go "Signals the end of a batch of Transact-SQL statements to the SQL Server utilities." (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188037.aspx).

A: I agree with the go statements - but maybe the parentheses around your parameters are causing the syntax errors?  Here's what my team uses...
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF
GO
SET ANSI_NULLS OFF
GO

ALTER PROCEDURE dbo.proc
@param1 int
AS
   select 1
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF
GO
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

-- repeat for additional procedures

A: You may have some invisible characters (nbspace for example) in white space area between first and second procedure. Remove everything between end and subsequent alter (including newlines - resulting in endALTER), then put some line breaks back and write GO on some line.
I've seen that personally, after copying some sample code from net :)


text:
Michael Phelan
A member of B Company in the 3rd Dublin Battalion of the Irish Volunteers, Michael Phelan joined up with the 2nd Battalion in Jacob's Biscuit factory on Easter Monday. As well as defending the factory, Phelan helped to erect barricades on New Street and took part in raids for provisions during the week. Following the surrender, he was deported to Knutsford Prison and was interned in Frongoch prison camp until Christmas 1916. Phelan briefly rejoined the Volunteers upon his release, leaving in 1917 due to poor health.
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Astrid Burgess Dining Room Furniture, 2018-07-21 08:02:02. Selecting the correct style is extremely important when people are trying to redecorate this area of their home. This particular room is a central gathering place for family and friends when they are going to share a meal together. The pieces that are selected should be an extension of the owner's personality. Selecting the right size for the items is extremely important. Many times doing measurements prior to shopping is necessary so that people do not buy pieces that are too large for the room.
Anya Klein Dining Room Furniture, 2018-07-18 23:08:24. It is vital to appreciate the ideology of modern dining room furniture design. One of the most emphasized factors in the modern furniture designs is simplicity. This is well illustrated in the shapes that are assumed by most of the modern furniture. Simple geometric shapes which are emphasized with colors and angles that make the dining sets attractive.


text:
Who can predict the fate of the Amazon rainforest?
February 26, 2009 May 22, 2018 CABI communications
Modellers around the world are trying to predict the fate of the Amazon rainforest under future conditions of climate change. It seems a tiny change in model parameters leads to regular new headlines contradicting previous predictions. The latest of these headlines is that the Amazon forest will survive warming, becoming seasonal forests rather than savannahs, as long as we manage the forest better, i.e. reduce deforestation and fires.
According to a new study by British scientists the "dieback" theory resulting from previous projections had underestimated rainfall, leading to predictions that the southern and eastern Amazon would transition towards savannah with warming.
A 2007 report by the U.N. Climate Panel said: "By mid-century, increases in temperature and associated decreases in soil water are projected to lead to gradual replacement of tropical forest by savannah in eastern Amazonia."
This and earlier research led governments to question the value of forests as carbon sinks if they are going to disappear anyway because of climate change. Should we be trying to prevent deforestation if the forests are going to dieback in future? New models suggests we should as they may not dieback afterall.
The new study published in U.S. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences says that almost all of 19 global climate models underestimated rainfall in the world's biggest tropical forest after the scientists compared the models with observations of 20th century climate. This underestimation occurs because climate models are unable to capture some of the peculiar features of the geography of South America. After correcting this underestimation they found that most models suggested that Eastern Amazonia was likely to shift towards a more seasonally dry 'monsoonal' climate rather than a dry 'savannah' climate, suggesting that Amazonia would remain wet enough over the year to sustain a forest.
They also examined how the Amazon might react to drying and concluded that seasonal forests would be more resilient to the occasional drought but more vulnerable to fires than the current rainforest.
Lead author Professor Yadvinder Malhi, from the Environmental Change Institute at Oxford, said: "Forest protection within Eastern Amazonia could play a major role in minimising the prospects of major dieback, while also contributing to tackling global climate change. Forest cover will help Eastern Amazonia adapt to climate change by helping maintain local rainfall in the dry season, limiting the spread of fires and stopping surface temperatures rising too high. This will help people living in the local towns as well as the forests themselves."
So which is likely to affect Amazonia first? Climate change or deforestation? At a recent seminar Richard Betts of the Hadley Centre, UK, stated that the business-as-usual projection is that large areas would be deforested by 2050. This is much earlier than even the extreme dieback scenario of climate change. Avoiding deforestation delays forest carbon loss by decades even under extreme climate change. His models predict high carbon loss by 2030 at business-as-usual deforestation rates, whereas this same level could be delayed by 50 years if deforestation is reduced.
Malhi points out that the fundamental way to minimise the risk of Amazon dieback is to control global greenhouse gas emissions, particularly from fossil fuel combustion in the developed world and Asia, but that governments led by Brazil also needed to manage the forests better.
"These seasonal forests may be resilient to seasonal drought but are likely to face intensified water stress caused by higher temperatures and to be vulnerable to fires, which are at present naturally rare in much of Amazonia. The spread of fire ignition associated with advancing deforestation, logging, and fragmentation may act as nucleation points that trigger the transition of these seasonal forests into fire-dominated, low biomass forests.
"Conversely, deliberate limitation of deforestation and fire may be an effective intervention to maintain Amazonian forest resilience in the face of imposed 21st-century climate change. Such intervention may be enough to navigate Eastern Amazonia away from a possible 'tipping point,' beyond which extensive rainforest would become unsustainable."
Yadvinder Malhi, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, David Galbraith, Chris Huntingford, Rosie Fisher, Przemyslaw Zelazowski, Stephen Sitch, Carol McSweeney and Patrick Meir (published online 13 Feb 2009) Exploring the likelihood and mechanism of a climate-change-induced dieback of the Amazon rainforest. PNAS.
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text:
var DynamicWindowView = {
	name : "DynamicWindowView",
	definition : function(System) {
		System["timer"].stepForward("DynamicWindowView");
		var root; $.get("./resources/structure/dynamic_window.html", function(val) {
			root = val;
			System["timer"].stepBackward("DynamicWindowView");
		});

		return function() {
			var $root = this["root"] = $(root);
			this["body"] = this["root"];
			this["title"] = $root.find("#titleAnchor");
			this["content"] = $root.find("#contentAnchor");
			this["dragHandle"] = $root.find("#dragHandleAnchor");

			this["close"] = $root.find("#closeButtonAnchor");

			this["resizeHandleSE"] = $root.find("#resizeHandleSEAnchor");
			this["resizeHandleSW"] = $root.find("#resizeHandleSWAnchor");
			this["resizeHandleE"] = $root.find("#resizeHandleEAnchor");
			this["resizeHandleW"] = $root.find("#resizeHandleWAnchor");
			this["resizeHandleS"] = $root.find("#resizeHandleSAnchor");
		};
	}
};


text:
Q: VS code indentation when copying and pasting is messed up Why is the indentation almost always messed up when copying and pasting code in VScode?
For example:
Copying:

Pasting:

Another example:

And it's sometimes even more messed up.
Is there a way to fix it?

A: I'm new to VSCode, but do you have "editor.formatOnPaste": true?