If you have been cited for a traffic violation in Detroit, call The Draper Law Firm to discuss your options with a Detroit traffic ticket lawyer. We defend all types of traffic violations, including speeding tickets, red light tickets, DUI, and more. While some traffic violations are civil infractions, others are classified as misdemeanors or felonies. Our experienced Detroit traffic ticket lawyers will able to successfully negotiate law enforcement and prosecutors to reach a positive resolution.
With our office located in Grosse Pointe Farms, MI, we proudly serve the metro-Detroit area. Serving in: Dearborn, Eastpointe, Grosse Pointe, Grosse Pointe Park, Grosse Pointe Shores, Hamtramck, Lincoln Park, Madison Heights, Roseville, Royal Oak, St. Clair Shores, Warren and more. Please call us at (313) 885-6800 or contact us online and speak to a traffic ticket attorney for a discrete assessment of your legal situation.


Arusha National Park covers the eastern portion of Mount Meru and extends 16 km to the east of the mountain. The site lies to the east of the Rift Valley and to the west of Mount Kilimanjaro (TZ003). The park encompasses a wide variety of habitats including montane forest similar to that on Mount Kilimanjaro, characterized by Diospyros abyssinica, Olea welwitschii, O. hochstetteri and O. africana, and several freshwater and alkaline lakes, ponds and swamps. The IBA also includes lower and mid-altitude forest lying outside the park in Forest Reserves.
See Box and Tables 2 and 3 for key species. The site is known to support at least 411 species, including Ardeola idae, as a non-breeding visitor in small numbers, and one species of the Serengeti plains EBA, as well as 11 species of the Somali–Masai biome (see Tables 2 and 3). The National Park is the only protected area utilized by the dwindling East African population of Oxyura maccoa which winters on the large alkaline lakes and breeds in the small, secluded freshwater ponds and swamps. The mountain streams hold Anas sparsa and the towering cliffs support a large population of Apus niansae and two pairs of Gypaetus barbatus. Apus horus and Merops bullockoides share nest-sites along the riverbanks, while the swamp on the floor of Ngurdoto Crater provides a safe nest-site for Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis. There are important populations of montane forest birds in the natural forest including Poicephalus gulielmi, Apaloderma vittatum and Linurgus olivaceus.
Non-bird biodiversity: A population of Loxodonta africana (EN) occurs in the park, while Lycaon pictus (EN) is an occasional visitor. The commonest duiker in the forest is Cephalophus harveyi (LR/cd).
BirdLife International (2019) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Arusha National Park and vicinity. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 19/04/2019.


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Home » Beat Sheets » Dude, Where's My Car?
Dude, Where's My Car? Beat Sheet (Plot Guide)
Published: 4 weeks ago
You might not expect that a slacker comedy cult classic like Dude, Where's My Car? would follow any kind of writing beat sheet or story framework – rules, what? – but, dude, you'd be wrong.
In this article, we'll show you how the movie fits within the context of Dan Harmon's Story Circle plot structure – no secret hand signs required. And then? Well, that's up to you.
Act 1: Setup
Beat 1 – You:
We meet protagonists Jesse and Chester (you), two twenty-something best friends living in the suburbs, who wake up one morning with severe hangovers and no memory of what happened the night before. As they stumble through their home and try to piece things together, they discover a fridge full of chocolate pudding, pizza everywhere, and a stranger sleeping in their closet.
Beat 2 – Need:
On their voicemail, they find an upset message from their girlfriends, the Twins: their house is trashed AND it's their anniversary. If Jesse and Chester want a "special treat" – which they think will be sex for the first time – they need to give them their gifts, which are in the car. But when Jesse and Chester go outside, they realize their car is missing ("dude, where's my car?") and frantically start retracing their steps.
Act 2: Confrontation
Beat 3 – Go:
After meeting with their friend Nelson for guidance, Jesse and Chester go to town for answers and run into Christie, who did see them with a briefcase full of money. After her jock boyfriend Tommy scares them off, they head to a strip club where a stripper demands they return a suitcase with $200k – or else!
Next, they go to their girlfriends house, which is a mess, and proceed to make matters worse. As they're leaving, a group of space nerds briefly abducts them, seeking to recover a mysterious and powerful alien device called the Continuum Transfunctioner, which they appeared to have last night. They are dropped off by a tailor shop and warned that they are now in great danger and should trust no one.
Beat 4 – Search:
Dumbfounded, Jesse starts to freak out but their search continues. The tailor gives them suits they don't recall ordering (containing a Rubik's cube), and they meet the Hot Chicks, a group of women dressed in black who promise "pleasure" in exchange for the Transfunctioner. Just then the police show up and put Jesse and Chester in jail, saying their car was found fleeing the scene of a crime.
They are quickly released (a case of mistaken identity), and it seems the car is finally in reach – except the police sent it to the impound. In the meantime, the Hot Chicks make allies of Tommy and his jock friends and persuade them to look for J&C and the Transfunctioner.
As they're leaving the station, Jesse & Chester learn Nelson has been taken hostage by Tommy (who is looking for them), and then encounter two Nordic dudes who are seeking the Transfunctioner to prevent the destruction of the universe. Exasperated, they go home to watch TV.
Soon after, their girlfriends show up and dump them for being "sucky boyfriends," and the guys realize they love them and recommit themselves to the search and repairing their relationships.
Beat 5 – Find:
First step: they go to the police impound for their car, only to find it's been sold. As they're heading over to the buyer's address, the space nerds abduct them to a house in the country (where their leader Zoltan lives with his parents). They reveal the Twins are their hostages, and Zoltan threatens to hurt them if Jesse and Chester don't bring him the Transfunctioner, sending them off.
They then sneak into the buyer's gated address, only to be attacked by ostriches and trapped in a cage by ostrich farmer Pierre. After answering an ostrich trivia question, he frees them and agrees to let them get their stuff from the car. But when they go to the garage, they find the car is missing.
However, Pierre gives them a key he found in the car to a locker at the Space-o-Rama arcade, where they head next. In the locker, they find the stripper's briefcase of money (which they promptly give back) and arcade tickets, but no Transfunctioner.
At this point, Jesse and Chester realize nobody has ever said what the Transfunctioner looks like, and come up with a solution. They'll use their tickets to get alien-looking devices from the arcade and then tell everyone they found the device. What could go wrong?
Beat 6 – Take:
The idea seems to be working perfectly. Zoltan and his crew show up to the arcade, take the device, and trade back their girlfriends. When Tommy and his jocks arrive, he attacks Zoltan, takes the device, and releases their friend Nelson. But as Jesse & Chester try to leave, the Nordic Dudes announce it's a fake and Tommy becomes enraged as he figures out what's happened.
Before he can do anything, Chester completes the Rubik's cube, which transforms itself into the Transfunctioner and activates a bomb which can destroy the universe. With time running out, Dave and Chester must decide between giving it to the Nordice Dudes or the Hot Chicks; they give it to the Dudes, who deactivate it. Their girlfriends are impressed.
In retaliation, the Hot Chicks morph into a single giant alien woman and start terrorizing the arcade. They knock out the Nordic dudes, and Jesse and Chester take the device in order to stop them. With the alien approaching, they laser beam her to pieces and save the universe.
Act 3: Resolution
Beat 7 – Return:
In the aftermath, Christie dumps Tommy for Nelson and the Nordic dudes invite the space nerds to an outer space party – just before they take back the Transfunctioner and wipe Jesse and Chester's memory of the saga. They wake up the next morning in their home, dazed, mirroring how the story began.
Beat 8 – Change:
When they go outside, their car is sitting by the curb. They eagerly head to their girlfriends' home as initially intended, give them their gifts (engraved necklaces), and their girlfriends call them "great boyfriends." Jesse and Chester also finally receive their special treat: engraved French berets! They all drive out into the distance for chinese food.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Bank Of America Teams With Leading Art Museums Through New 'Masterpiece Moment' Program
Amir H. Fallah, Painting For An Audience Of One With Lessons For A Lifetime
Nominated For A Prestigious Design Award, This Living Organism Is Poised To Redesign Life Itself
Lauren Ambrose On Creating Season 2 Of M. Night Shyamalan's 'Servant' While In Quarantine
Bowen Yang Brings Laughter And Insight With 'Search Party: The Podcast'
The Cultural Significance Of Donald Trump's 'Home Alone 2' Cameo
A Place To Start On Your Path To Natural Skincare In 2021
This Parisian Gallerist Believes In Seeing Art Firsthand In The COVID-19 Era
Groundswell Of Support For Naming Dominican-American Poet, Rhina Espaillat, As Biden's Inaugural Poet
Kate Middleton, Duchess Of Cambridge At 39: Her Royal Style, In Photos
May 8, 2019, 09:00am EDT |
Dive Into 200 Of The Most Fabulous Swimming Pools In The World With This New Book
Natasha WolffContributor
Tommy Hilfiger's Swimming Pool in Mustique.
TIM STREET-PORTER
As the weather gets warmer, it's the perfect time to start fantasizing about swimming and what better way to get in the mood than to ogle some of the world's most sensational swimming pools. Splash: The Art of the Swimming Pool (Rizzoli), by wife-and-husband team Annie Kelly (text) and Tim Street-Porter (photography), features 200 of the most fabulous watering holes in the world. From infinity pools on the ocean to courtyard pools set against lush, meticulously manicured gardens, the book travels the world in search of the best swimming pools.
Many notable pools included are owned by the rich and famous, think artist David Hockney, actresses Ellen Pompeo, Cher and Diane Keaton, designer Tommy Hilfiger and producer Robert Evans. And many of these special designs are in homes designed by architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Richard Neutra and Luis Barragán.
"This was a project close to our hearts," says Kelly. "Tim and I both love to swim and so it was a perfect summer book idea." But it's not all about showcasing pretty pools to lust over. The book features a service-oriented section for readers to create their own fantasy pool with tips on how to construct the perfect pool, hot tub, pool house, outdoor shower and getting the landscaping just right.
David Hockney's Swimming Pool in Los Angeles.
We spoke with Kelly about the tome and what makes a pool great.
What is it about swimming pools and their design that lends themselves so well for a book like this?
"We loved the infinite variety of possibilities when it comes to designing a swimming pool. We discovered quite quickly that we needed a rectangular format for the book, as it suited the shapes of most of the pools."
How did you choose the pools to feature?
"Living in Southern California meant it was pretty easy to find great pools. Then on our travels, it wasn't hard to keep an eye out for other amazing pool designs. We had to narrow them down as we could only feature so many, as we only had a certain amount of pages."
Cher's Swimming Pool in Malibu.
Was it important to feature celebrity pools?
"Celebrity pools weren't the focus of the book. We were really looking for great pools and gardens. Often, celebrities bring in great designers, so when that happened we were keen to include them."
Was it difficult to get people to participate or were people eager to show off their landscaping and pools?
"Designing a successful swimming pool is not easy, and many designers and homeowners were happy to have theirs published."
Do you have a favorite pool in the book?
"Every pool in the book is a favorite pool!"
What qualities do you look for in a great pool?
"A great pool has to sit well in the landscape, and have a good relationship with the house. We were lucky to find many pools with great views- overlooking the ocean or a lush tropical landscape, and these pools were a dramatic and inspirational addition."
The cover of "Splash: The Art of the Swimming Pool."
Natasha Wolff
I started at Harper's Bazaar in 2003 working in the fashion features department. Over the course of five years at the publication, I covered parties, penned fashion news
I started at Harper's Bazaar in 2003 working in the fashion features department. Over the course of five years at the publication, I covered parties, penned fashion news and personal style stories and conceived front-of-book and well features. In 2008, I was hired to create a news section for InStyle, coinciding with the fashion monthly's first redesign. I edited the beauty, fashion, parties, culture and hospitality coverage for the front-of-book. I was the deputy editor of DuJour Media, working there from its launch in 2012 until 2016.


Take on your toughest cutting jobs with the Hitachi C15FB miter saw. This Hitachi miter saw is equipped with a 15 inch blade, a 15 amp motor, and an electric brake. The large miter saw blade allows for a greater cutting capacity, so you can cut molding, floor tile, and wood standing vertically in a single pass.


Taking a cruise from Auckland, then why not use our door to door transfer service to the cruise ship terminal in downtown Auckland. We have a convenient door to door service available. We drop you right at the Cruise Terminal, will assist with your luggage and you can be sure that we will be there on your return to transfer you back home. We collect passengers in Te Puke, Papamoa, Tauranga, Katikati, Paeroa. A toilet stop will be provided at Ngatea or Bombay on route. Rotorua & Hamilton customers may be transferred on to the shuttle or coach on route to the cruise terminal.
Please Note: Your cruise terminal transport could be in either a 11 seater, 19 seater or a 50 seat luxury coach depending on the demand. This is a shared passenger service and Luxury Airport Shuttles reserve the right to put on a larger vehicle if necessary. Our operations team will advise if you are on a support shuttle the day prior connecting with the coach at our depot, or at Bethlehem, Tauranga or Bombay.
If you prefer to travel exclusively, we do offer a private charter service. Ex Tauranga prices each way are, up to 3 passengers $345.00, up to 11 passengers $595.00, up to 19 passengers $895.00. From other areas please call our office.
Ships usually allow passengers to board between 1pm and 2pm, which gives plenty of time to find your cabin and unpack before departing the berth. We arrange to drop passengers at the cruise terminal at 1pm.
When leaving the ship, our meeting time is 9:30am, allowing you time to collect your luggage and get to the designated meeting point [see below].
For ships berthing at Princes Wharf, we meet you outside the main entrance of the Hilton Hotel, just 100m from the cruise terminal [turn right]. Click here to see the location of the Hilton Hotel.
If your ship is arriving at the Queens Wharf, the meeting point is outside Shed 10 near 'The Cloud'.


Satan, our relentless enemy, has a game plan, and it's on the board. Knowing that his days are numbered, knowing that he has an appointed amount of time before the scoreboard counts him out, he holds the world in his lap and gives it directions, implementing his strategy day after day.
If our Christian message is a mirror image of the message of the world, the world yawns and goes on its way, saying, "What else is new? I've heard all that since I was born." But if the Christian lifestyle and motivation and answers are different, the world cannot help but sit up and take notice, thinking: How come they live in the same place I live, but they are able to live a different kind of life? Why is their love so deep and lasting and ours so shallow and fickle? How is it that she can forgive and never hold a grudge? Why do these people have so much more compassion, kindness, integrity, and patience than anyone else I know?
Do you get the message? It's the difference that makes the difference!
Think about it: Do people feel more alive when they're around you? Do you create within them a thirst for God? Does anyone ever wonder why you are so unselfish, so thoughtful, so caring? Do the neighborhood children want to be in your home because of the way you treat your children?
What do people see when they look at you? Do they see your good works? Do they hear your courtesy? Do they detect your smile? Do they notice that you stop to thank them? Do they hear you apologize when you are wrong? Do they see every visible manifestation of Christ's life being normally lived out through you? When they see all that, Jesus said, they "will glorify your Father who is in heaven" (Matt. 5:16).
Isn't it a pleasure when someone says to you, "Why are you like that?" And isn't it a natural thing to respond, "I'm glad you asked. Let me tell you what's happened"? I loved this devotional today and learned so much!!! I hope you have a Simply Heavenly day!!!


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Q: matplotlib showing dates wrong As a example to reproduce:
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = [datetime.today() + timedelta(days=i) for i in range(20)]
plt.plot(x, range(len(x)))
plt.show()

and I'm getting this plot. What is happening and how to fix it? matplotlib version 3.3.0 and python version 3.7.2

A: In my computer I have not this problem when running the code, so try setting the time manually:
d = datetime.datetime(2020, 7, 23)

Also, check your system time to see if there is a problem.

A: I had the same issue using matplotlib version 3.3.0. Rolling back to version 3.2.0 fixed the problem for me.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This is a collection of ASP coded scripts using which you can generate lottery numbers, random numbers on your website. Users can configure number of digits or sets of numbers to be generated.
This online utility will be a handy tool for the ASP site owners to get the required Response.Write code to output the given text through a HTML form.


Birkdale Village in NC is a 52 acre, national award-winning live /work community in the town of Huntersville, NC, just off of exit 25 on I-77. The development features Neo-Classical and craftsman style homes surrounding a bustling town center and quaint main street. Upscale apartments reside on top of retail shops, restaurants and offices, and single family homes and townhomes surround the town center. The community is pedestrian-friendly and promotes parking and walking to all venues. A big draw to the area includes a central movie theatre, brand name shops like Banana Republic, Ann Taylor, several popular restaurants, and local retail shops with unique gifts and services. The community is also close to Lake Norman boating and recreation, and has easy access to Interstate 77. Single family home prices in Birkdale typically begin in the $200,000 range. Townhomes and condos typically begin in the high $100's range.
Award winning Birkdale Village is a residential and commercial development just of exit 25 on highway 77 about 20 miles north of Charlotte, North Carolina. Located in the center of Birkdale Village is a gazebo park with water fountains. Visitors enjoy watching their children take a cool splash through the fountains while enjoying the aromas of freshly brewed coffee in the local coffee shops. Dinning and upscale shopping are major attractions to the village. Summer concerts are also a very popular attraction to Birkdale Village, and if patrons are looking for real estate, Helen Adams Realty is located just across the street from the main entrance.


Susan is a lifelong Lincoln resident and University of Nebraska business graduate. Her professional career started in sales at IBM in Lincoln, and following the birth of her first child transitioned to full-time Chief Operations Officer (aka spouse and mom) for her family. With her three children now young independent adults Susan enthusiastically returns to sales by joining the amazing team at SimpliCity Real Estate. Susan brings a wealth of knowledge from her personal experience as a home owner, which has included new construction and a total renovation. Susan and her husband, Rick, love family and friends, stay active and volunteer for church and community causes. Contact Susan if you desire a successful, pleasant, and stress-free real estate process.


Gary Lee Burck's spirit passed into the heavens on January 8, 2013 at the age of 69 from his home in Lake Charles Louisiana. Gary was the second born child to Fred and Winnie Burck of Gordon Nebraska on April 27, 1943.
Gary began his education at age 4 attending kindergarten and continuing on into high school in the Gordon school system. He completed his high school diploma by earning his GED while serving in the US Army.
As a young man, Gary worked summers for his grandparents on the H.O. Henderson ranch and part time with his father building homes.
In the fall of 1960, Gary enlisted in the U.S. Army where he spent basic training at Ft. Campbell Kentucky. He then joined the 101st Airborne as a paratrooper and specializing as a Parachutist Rigger and was stationed in Germany. He was honorably discharged in 1963.
Gary worked in many occupations and each one he gave his all. He worked as a machinist at an Army Depot near Modesto CA and also at a sugar plant in Manteca CA. He traveled several years and many miles while driving truck from coast to coast. Gary also earned his auctioneer certificate from Western College of Auctioneering in Billings MT. He never met a stranger and made many friends throughout his travels across the USA. Gary had a love of country music and loved playing his guitar. He spent some time playing and singing with Billy Gibbons and band of Gordon Ne. Gary never took music lessons and was able to play by ear. A back injury forced Gary to retire from the Burlington Railroad where he was a diesel mechanic in the 80's. He moved to Texas and then on to Louisiana where he was able to spend much of his time fishing, which was a great love of his. During his life, he won many fishing contests and could spin some great tales. Even one in which a fish needed his glasses more than he did.
Gary was preceded in death by his Parents, Winnie Brice and Fred Burck; Grandparents, Harry and Ruth Henderson and Fred and Sophia Burck.
Gary will be missed by his sisters, LeToy Leach of Jefferson TX and Jeanie Keyser and husband Gene of Hanford CA; nieces Paige Keyser and Robin and family, all of California.
Graveside service will be Wednesday July 24th at 2:00 pm at the Fairview Cemetery with Pastor Al Trucano officiating.


Making Custom Wallpaper Eventually improving the appearance of your home is something that you will need to consider doing in the future. One of the best ideas that you can up with for this matter is having custom wallpapers for your house. If you're to make custom wallpapers for your home, then you should know that it's entertaining to do so due to the fact that you're making something that you like and something that would improve the appearance of your home the way you like it. Also, making your home's interior unique can be easily accomplished by using custom wallpapers. Of course, you can get the wallpapers to be similar to other wallpapers out there, but it will never be the same. You should also know that a lot of people consider custom wallpapers to be something that is most efficient when it comes to designing the interior of your home. Of course, you have to keep in mind that you will need a good custom design for your wallpaper if you want your home's interior to look good. It's also necessary to hire a professional if you're not doing great about the current design for your custom wallpaper. While doing such things by yourself can be a rewarding challenge, you should know that it's best to get professional help if you want the outcome to be more satisfying than you expected. Other than that, it's also nice to get the help of some online articles when it comes to having the right kind of custom design that would be appropriate for the current theme of your home's interior. Of course, if you are to sight a contract with a professional designer, you'll need to consider some things first. There are many professional home designers out there, but you have to verify if they are experienced when it comes to making excellent custom wallpaper designs. You'll also want to know the different approaches that you can follow when choosing the right professional designer for your custom wallpaper. Asking your friends and colleagues for recommendations is also something that will help you get a solid decision when it comes to hiring the professional designer for the custom wall paper that you want. In any case, the online network is your best bet when it comes to developing the proper and appropriate customer wallpaper design for your home.
Why not learn more about Wallpapers?
Also, there are times that people would just buy stock wallpapers to avoid any kind of hassle, but most of them regret the outcome in the end.
Also, if you have multiple rooms in your home, you'd best get a professional who will be able to determine the right theme for the custom wallpaper that you'll want for each room. In any event, doing such steps are necessary if you want to ensure the uniqueness of your home's interior design.


Tonwanda Borough will be holding their 31st Annual Riverfest from Thursday, August 16th through Saturday, August 18th, located on Merrill Parkway along the banks of the Susquehanna River. The three day festival will feature something for the entire family including delicious food, craft vendors, a carnival with exciting rides, live entertainment, carnival games, and much more.
The highlight of Riverfest is the "Fire Over the River" fireworks spectacular at 9pm on Saturday night, a show not to be missed!
Pay one Price ride specials are offered on Thursday from 6pm to close and Saturday from 1-5pm for $8 per bracelet.
Music at Riverfest includes Grapefruit Cannonball on Thursday, Michael Christopher on Friday, and Nick Kody on Saturday.


The STIGA Pure Color Advance 2-Player Set brings even more fun to the game of table tennis. With orange and green paddles and balls, the Pure Set offers colorful excitement in a performance-level set.
Colorful Paddles and Balls Add Extra Dose of Fun!


Florida Atlantic University, also referred to as FAU or Florida Atlantic, is a public, coeducational, research university located in Boca Raton, Florida, United States. The university has six satellite campuses located in the Florida cities of Dania Beach, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, Jupiter, Port St. Lucie, and in Fort Pierce at the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. Florida Atlantic serves a seven-county region that has a populace of more than three million people and spans more than 100 miles (160 km) of Florida's eastern coastline. The university opened its doors in 1964 as the first public university in southeast Florida and the first university in the nation to offer only upper-division and graduate level courses. Although initial enrollment was only 867 students, this number increased in 1984 when the university admitted its first undergraduate students. As of 2007, enrollment has grown to approximately 26,000 students representing 137 countries, 47 states and the District of Columbia. Since its inception, Florida Atlantic has awarded more than 110,000 degrees to more than 95,000 alumni worldwide. Although Florida Atlantic provides for the educational needs of a substantial body of commuter students, in recent years it has undertaken an effort to increase its academic and research standings while also evolving into a more traditional university. Under the direction of current President Frank T. Brogan, the university has raised admissions standards, increased research funding, built new facilities and established notable partnerships with major research institutions. Brogan's efforts have resulted in not only an increase in the university's academic profile, but also the elevation of the football team to Division I competition status, plans for an on-campus football stadium, more on-campus housing, and a partnership with the University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine to develop a medical training program.
Florida Atlantic University is a public research university with multiple campuses along the southeast Florida coast serving a uniquely diverse community. It promotes academic and personal development, discovery, and lifelong learning. FAU fulfills its mission through excellence and innovation in teaching, outstanding research and creative activities, public engagement and distinctive scientific and cultural alliances, all within an environment that fosters inclusiveness.
Question and Answer about "Florida Atlantic University"


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Stylish Infiniti QX30 crossover rolls with fresh confidence and flair
Filed under Autos at Dec 2016
Terry Box, Autos Writer
Connect with Terry Box
Crossovers sparkle in the parking lot of the local Sack-n-Pack as they await bags of ground beef and frozen French fries and stuff.
They just look right there - like Girl Scouts selling cookies from a rickety table out front.
As mainstream America's current favorite vehicle, crossovers have a likable meat-and-potatoes air about them -- the scent of Middle America.
When I'm struggling to stuff a 6-inch tall plant into my noisy, boy-racer Mustang, I kind of envy people with vehicles that provide space and utility.
But no one takes a crossover to Keller's or Cars 'n Coffee.
It would be kind of like some guy in plaid shorts fresh from mowing the yard showing up at a swingers' pool party.
"Did everyone forget their swimsuits?"
The world may be changing, however -- and Big Don Trump has nothing to do with this one.
As you may have noticed, several new crossovers like the Jaguar F-Pace and Porsche Macan sport interesting curves and attitudes, blurring their roots as souped-up station wagons built on car-based platforms.
They might even shine in the harsh Saturday-morning sunlight of Cars 'n Coffee, a tough venue.
So will the 2017 Infiniti QX30 Sport, I predict -- and that was not something I had expected.
The QX30 is the latest all-new vehicle from Infiniti, a brand that until recently seemed a bit lost and confused to me. I think they may be coming out of the California clouds.
Built on a Mercedes-Benz GLA platform and powered by a Benz 2-liter turbo-four, the brash QX30 comes across as a flamboyant distant cousin to the GLA -- the one that went to art school and has multiple piercings.
The metallic-gray model I had recently appeared to have been shaped and scoured by a desert sandstorm.
A long, raised hood disguised the vehicle's humble front-wheel-drive configuration, borrowed from the compact A-class Mercedes-Benz.
Its body had more, uh, definition than I do, with prominent swooping lines up high and low that gave it motion without lapsing into exaggeration.
Up front, the vehicle wore one of Infiniti's signature giant grilles, complemented by slender, fierce-looking headlamps made more distinctive by a thin band of chrome over them.
Really short overhangs front and rear provided more muscular tension to the body, while gray 19-inch wheels and 235/45 tires filled the vehicle's aggressive wells.
Topping all of that off was an appropriately slinky roof that curved down in Euro fashion to an abbreviated back window and hatchback.
And like several other near-luxury compact crossovers - mine had a window-sticker of $43,195 - the QX30 offers a bit more than just an appealing package.
The vehicle's turbocharged 2-liter four -- developed by Mercedes-Benz -- carries a modest 208 horsepower rating, but it also brings 258 lb.-ft. of torque to the street.
With all that torque available at a diesel-like 1,250 rpm, the QX30 felt more lively than you would expect from something with 208 horses trying to push 3,400 pounds around.
Step hard into the gas and the edgy little motor and seven-speed dual-clutch transmission shove the QX30 forward with a lurch, spinning the tires and pulling fairly hard to 60 in 6.6 seconds, according to Car and Driver.
As the engine approached 6,000 rpm, it could get a bit coarse and its mid-range sometimes felt a little soft. But as long as I didn't slam the accelerator to the floor - always a temptation in anything with a remotely interesting engine - I never felt any turbo lag.
It also seemed reasonably smooth below 4,000 rpm, always ready to leap into a gallop. However, as you know, seat-of-the pants sensations can be slightly deceiving.
The engine in the front-wheel-drive QX30 isn't as quick as the turbo 2-liter four in the BMW X1, which can hit 60 in six seconds flat.
Still, the Infiniti could sip as well as strut, returning a commendable 24 miles per gallon in town and 32 on the highway, according to the feds.
Likewise, the seven-speed transmission did a pretty good job most of the time, providing crisp shifts and generally behaving smoothly.
Sometimes, though, the transmission could be jerky at low speeds and it consistently refused to stay locked in manual mode when I wanted to use the paddles to shift it. Instead, it would allow one paddle shift and then quickly shift into the next gear on its own.
Moreover, the QX30 rolled with a suspension so firm it bordered on fidgety and restless. It didn't bother me much, but I couldn't ignore the clomp and bang on downtown Dallas' highly urban streets.
I just viewed it as seriously sporting, aided by steering that was quick, well-weighted and crisp.
Although the QX30 ran sort of wide in hard curves because of slight understeer, it didn't lean much and mostly maintained its balance and composure.
The black interior in mine, meanwhile, did a fine job of maintaining the vehicle's upscale feel.
While it featured a fair amount of plastic, it was decent stuff aided by some interesting design.
The swoopy dash, for example, included a hood over the instrument panel made from Nappa leather and wrapped gracefully around a 7-inch display screen in the center.
To Infiniti's credit, buttons and knobs controlled the audio and climate systems, and the sculpted plastic door panels got a little relief from soft leather-like centers and padded armrests.
The car's smooth black-leather seats wore a band of white trim on the edges of their bolsters, featuring just a touch of retro flair.
But if you're the gregarious type who regularly transports people and bulky things, you may need to quit. Take it from me, a burgeoning grump: You won't miss either.
Legroom in the back was pretty tight, and the QX30's great-looking top cuts into headroom.
In addition, despite its hatchback and fold-down rear seats, the QX30 can provide only about 19 cubic feet of cargo space, compared with 27 in the BMW X1.
Does that really matter in a crossover that is likely to be a personal vehicle more than a family-sort of SUV? I don't think so.
What does matter is the QX30 has good style, reasonable performance and a fair amount of single-person utility.
In fact, with this vehicle and the sizzling new Q60 coupe, Infiniti may almost be back in the hunt again.
2017 Infiniti QX30 Sport
Type of vehicle: Five-passenger compact near-luxury crossover in front- or all-wheel-drive
Fuel economy: 24 miles per gallon city, 32 highway
Weight: Approximately 3,400 pounds
Engine: Turbocharged 2-liter four with 208 horsepower and 258 lb.-ft. of torque
Transmission: Seven-speed dual-clutch automatic
Performance 0 to 60: 6.6 seconds
Sources: Infiniti; Car and Driver
In this Collection...
Car or truck shopping? Check out the latest vehicle reviews from Terry Box
New Corvette Grand Sport loudly lives up to its storied name
New Lincoln Continental travels a different road than its predecessors
You'll wear strange clothes and listen to weird music to drive youthful Ford Focus RS
See all 24 Stories


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text:
\section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading}

\textit{Introduction.} Neutrinos are now established to be massive,
and the mass differences have been measured, but the mass hierarchy
and absolute mass values remain unknown \cite{Cahn:2013}.
Precision large scale structure data can be used to measure or constrain
the sum of neutrino masses, as cosmic neutrinos
with finite masses slightly suppress the growth of
structure on scales below the neutrino thermal free-streaming
scale\cite{Bond:1980,Hu:1997,Saito:2008,Abazajian:2011}.
But the challenge of this method is to conclusively
disentangle the complex and poorly understood baryonic effects as many processes can lead to power suppression on small scales.
In this {\it letter}, we present an astrophysical effect
which provides a new way to measure the neutrino masses
by using a distinct signature in current or future galaxy surveys.

We consider the relative velocity between the cold dark matter
(CDM) and neutrinos. Neutrinos decouple early in the
history of the universe when they are still relativistic,
but their energy gradually decreases as the universe
expands until they behave as non-relativistic particles.  At this point
they can cluster under the action of gravity.
Nevertheless, due to their low masses
the neutrinos can travel relatively large distances (even at low redshifts), and be
perturbed by the underlying gravitational potential
along their trajectories. The large scale structures can induce
a significant bulk relative velocity field between the CDM and
neutrinos, with typical velocities comparable to the neutrino
thermal velocity dispersion. As we shall show below,
such a bulk relative velocity field will cause a local
dipole asymmetry in the CDM-neutrino cross-correlation function.
The concept of dipole asymmetry in correlation functions
was discussed in \cite{Bonvin:2013} recently. The
CDM-neutrino cross correlation may be inferred
from the cross-correlation of different galaxy populations, and such a
dipole asymmetry provide a distinctive and robust
signature of neutrino mass, since such dipole anisotropy would be absent
if not for this effect.

In this {\it letter}, we delineate the principle of this
method, make an analytical estimate of the size of this effect,
and then forecast the detectability of this effect in
a simplified galaxy bias model.

\textit{The Relative Velocity.}
We treat the CDM and neutrinos as two fluids \cite{Shoji:2010} interacting
with each other through gravity.  The CDM particles and neutrinos are collisionless,
nevertheless much of their behaviour in gravitational fields can still
be modelled with the introduction of an ``effective pressure'',
which takes into account the velocity dispersion or thermal motion
of the particles \cite{Shoji:2010}. In the fluid approximation,
the (thermal) motion of individual particles are then
ignored, while the bulk motions of the two fluids are considered. The
two fluids have different effective pressure, so they will
acquire different distributions and velocities even though
they are under the action of the same gravitational field.
We use the moving background perturbation theory
(MBPT) \cite{Tse:2010} to calculate analytically the evolution of
the density perturbations and velocities of the two fluids,
the details of this calculation are given in the Supplement. The basic idea
is to assume that within a certain volume of radius $R$,
each fluid has a coherent bulk velocity, which
can be expanded around a background
velocity as $\bm{v}_i(\bm{x},t)=\bm{v}_i^{(bg)}(t)+\bm{u}_i(\bm{x},t)$, where
$i$ refers to neutrino $(\nu)$ or cold dark matter $(c)$.
The background velocity $\bm{v}_i^{(bg)}$ is a slowly varying
velocity long mode. Linear perurbative
calculation then can be applied within the region to obtain the
cross-correlation of the two fluids.

Starting at a high redshift (we use $z=15$ in our calculation)
when the relative
bulk mach number is small, we evolve the MBPT equations down to
lower redshifts, and
obtain the relative velocity field $\bm{v}_{\nu c}(\bm{x}, z)$.
We estimate the variance of this relative velocity analytically
by taking the ensemble average for the given distribution of primordial
fluctuations.
We plot the evolution of the neutrino thermal velocity dispersion $\sigma_v$
and the standard deviation of the gravity-induced bulk relative velocity
∂$\sqrt{\langle v^2_{\nu c}\rangle}$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:vel}.
The thermal velocity dispersion of the neutrinos decreases as the
Universe expands. On the other hand, the bulk
relative velocity as represented by $\sqrt{\langle v^2_{\nu c}\rangle}$
grows to its maximum
at $0<z<1$, then begins to decay. At low redshifts it is
comparable with the thermal velocity dispersion.

We plot  the relative velocity correlation function $\xi_{v\nu c}$
(defined in the Supplement) for four redshifts in Fig.\ref{fig:delta_v}.
 The bulk velocity correlation function
for different neutrino masses are almost identical at very high redshifts,
but become increasingly differentiated at low redshifts, as the correlation functions of the lighter neutrinos have larger
amplitudes and longer correlation
lengths. The coherent scale $R$, which is defined as the scale at which
the correlation function $\xi_{v \nu c}$ drops to
half of its maximum value, are 14.5, 10.3,
7.0 and 4.6 $\ensuremath{\,{\rm Mpc}}/h$ respectively for the four neutrino masses at $z=0$.
However, the neutrinos are not visible, so we can not
use this correlation function to measure neutrino mass directly.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{velocity.eps}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.7cm}
\caption{\label{fig:vel} Redshift evolution of neutrino velocity dispersion
and neutrino-CDM relative velocity for different neutrino masses.
}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{corr_v.eps}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.7cm}
\caption{\label{fig:delta_v}
The relative flow correlation function $\xi_{v\nu c}(r)$ at different redshifts.
The amplitude and scale of the relative flow depends on neutrino mass.
The tick marked correlation length.}
\end{figure}

{\it Power spectra and correlation functions.}
 Due to the bulk relative velocity between
the CDM and neutrinos, the reflection symmetry along the direction of the
flow is broken locally, and within a velocity coherent
region the cross-correlation  contains a dipole term,
\begin{equation}
\xi_{c\nu}(\bm{r}, \bm{v}_{\nu c}^{(bg)})=\xi_{c\nu0}(r, v_{\nu c}^{(bg)})+
\mu\xi_{c\nu1}(r, v_{\nu c}^{(bg)}),
\label{eq:xi_exp}
\end{equation}

 where $\mu=\bm{r}\cdot\bm{v}^{(bg)}_{\nu c}$.
 This also appears as an imaginary part in the CDM-neutrino cross power
spectrum\footnote{We can see this by noting that
when taking the Hermite conjugate
of $P_{c\nu}$, the imaginary part changes sign and so the angular dependent part
is anti-symmetric in ``c$\nu$'', i.e. $\xi_{\nu c}(\bm{r}, v_{\nu c}^{(bg)})=
\xi_{c\nu0}(r, v_{\nu c}^{(bg)})-\mu\xi_{c\nu1}(r, v_{\nu c}^{(bg)})$.}:
$P_{c\nu}(k, v_{\nu c}^{(bg)}, \mu)= P_{c\nu0}(k, v_{\nu c}^{(bg)}) + i \mu P_{c\nu1}(k, v_{\nu c}^{(bg)})$.
This imaginary term would otherwise be zero if not for
the relative flow between neutrinos and CDM.
This effect is similar to gravitational redshift\cite{2009JCAP...11..026M},
which breaks the reflection symmetry along the line of sight, and causes
an imaginary part in the cross power spectrum
between two types of galaxies.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{power.eps}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.7cm}
\caption{\label{fig:crosspk} The power spectra of
CDM and neutrinos. The CDM auto-power $P_c$, neutrino
monopole $P_{c \nu 0}$ and dipole $P_{c\nu 1}$, and smoothed
dipole term $\bar{P}_{c\nu 1}$ are plotted.
}
\end{figure}

Taking $\sqrt{\langle v^2_{\nu c}\rangle}$ as the representative
value for the background velocity, we calculate the induced density
correlations using MBPT.
Fig.~\ref{fig:crosspk} shows the monople and
the absolute value of the dipole (most parts of it are negative)
terms of the CDM-neutrino cross power spectrum as well as the CDM autopower
spectrum for four different neutrino masses.
The oscillations in $P_{c\nu 1}$ (dotted line)
are due to the sharp sound horizon which is an artifact of the fluid
approximation of neutrinos in our
calculation\footnote{We have verified that the oscillation
period is inversely proportionate to the effective sound speed, so it is
due to the (false) acoustic oscillation in the fluid. Real neutrinos
are not a collisional fluid, and the effective sound speed is actually a
superposition of different sound speeds, so we do not expect the true
cross power spectrum to exhibit these oscillations.}.
We have thus smoothed the dipole
power spectrum and obtained an average $\bar{P}_{c\nu 1}$, which
is shown as the solid line, for the different neutrino masses the
power spectra are different and distinguishable.
Fig.~\ref{fig:corr} shows respectively the
CDM autocorrelation function, the neutrino autocorrelation function,
and the monopole and dipole part of CDM-neutrino cross
correlation functions. We find that the neutrino autocorrelation
grows as the neutrino mass increases,
since the more massive neutrinos tend to form more structures.
The dipole term of the cross power spectrum have a broad peak or hump,
its amplitude also grows with the neutrino mass.
The scales of the peaks in the correlation function decrease with neutrino
mass, and are located at 16, 11, 7, and 5 Mpc/$h$ respectively for the
four neutrino masses.

We have taken a single value of $v^{(bg)}=\sqrt{\langle v^2_{\nu c}\rangle}$
for each neutrino mass. For a given background velocity value,
the dipole correlation depends on the neutrino mass value, as is shown
in the equations in the Supplement. But in fact the bulk relative
velocity varies from point to point in space.
A more rigorous treatment would require a consideration of the distribution
of the bulk velocity.  The fact that both the typical value of
bulk velocity and the dipole correlation for a given background
velocity depend on the neutrino mass enhances the sensitivity for this
technique. Below for simplicity we will consider only the typical
values.

\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{fig4.eps}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.7cm}
\caption{\label{fig:corr}  The correlation functions, including CDM and
neutrino autocorrelations, and the monopole and dipole part of their
cross correlations, the dipole is
$\Delta_{\mathrm{corr}}\equiv\xi_{c\nu}|^{\mu=1}_{\mu=-1}$. }
\end{figure}

\textit{Observability.}
Neither the neutrinos nor the dark matter can be observed directly,
but as their densities affect galaxy densities,
their cross power can be inferred from the cross power of galaxies
of different populations, provided that the biases
of the two population have different dependence on neutrinos and dark matter.
Galaxies are known to be biased relative to each
other \cite{2009MNRAS.392..682C}.
The 21cm HIPASS galaxies typically have a
bias of $b_c\sim 0.7$\cite{2007ApJ...654..702M} relative to the dark matter,
whereas the bias for luminous red galaxies is typically greater than 1.
For a galaxy population, we assume its density contrast is related to
the dark matter and neutrino density constrasts $\delta_c,\delta_\nu$ as
 $\delta_g = b_c f_c \delta_c+ b_\nu f_\nu\delta_{\nu}$ as in \cite{Loverde}. The neutrino bias
$b_\nu$ must be close to 1, since the halo mass scale
$10^{12}\sim10^{13}M_\odot$ (or $1h^{-1}\sim2.2h^{-1}$Mpc in unperturbed
universe) is smaller than the neutrino free streaming scale
and coherent scale, so the effect of neutrinos on the halos are linear.
If we consider the cross-correlation of
two galaxy populations denoted by $\alpha, \beta$, and use $b_\alpha,b_\beta$
to denote $b_c$ for $\alpha, \beta$, then
$$\xi_{\alpha\beta}=\langle \delta_\alpha \delta_\beta \rangle = b_\alpha b_\beta f_c^2 \xi_c +
(b_\alpha + b_\beta) f_c f_\nu \xi_{c\nu} + f_\nu^2 \xi_\nu.
$$
Now consider the $\mu$-dependence of $\xi_{\alpha\beta}$:
because the cross correlation function is anti-symmetric in ``c$\nu$'',
a dipole $\mu(b_{\alpha}-b_{\beta})f_cf_\nu\xi_{c\nu1}$
appears. The observability of this dipole depends on the
relative bias, $\Delta b\equiv b_{\alpha}-b_{\beta}$.
The known spread in formation
bias provides a lower bound on $\Delta b \gtrsim 0.5$.   For sensitivity
estimation, we will adopt $\Delta b=1$.  The actual error bar of the
inferred neutrino mass will depend on the product of $\Delta b$ and
galaxy number density $n_g$.

For this measurement, the bulk velocity field can be reconstructed
from the observed density field,
\begin{equation}
\bm{v}_{\nu c}(\bm{k})=\delta_g(\bm{
  k}) \frac{(T_{\theta,\nu}(k)-T_{\theta,c}(k))}{T_{\delta,g}(k)}\frac{\bm{k}}{k^2}.
\label{vnu}
\end{equation}
Here $T_{\theta,\nu}(k), T_{\theta,c}(k)$ are the velocity-divergence transfer functions for
neutrino and dark matter respectively, and $T_{\delta,g}(k)$ is the
density transfer function, which depends on the unknown neutrino mass. In
practice, one can iterate the reconstruction with different trial masses
$m_\nu$, until a self-consistent relative velocity field
$v_{\nu c}$ and dipole value is found.
At the high sampling densities considered here, the fractional error in
$v_{\nu c}$ is comparable to the error in the CDM density field
$\delta$.  The shot noise is much smaller than the
sample variance, making the error on the velocity field
neglible at the scales of interest.

The correlation function provides a local operational
procedure to measure the dipole,
\begin{equation}
\xi_{\alpha\beta}(r,\mu)=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{\bm x} \sum_{\begin{subarray}{c}
|\Delta \bm{x}| \sim r \\
\hat{v}_{\nu c}\cdot
  \hat{\Delta x}\sim \mu \end{subarray}}\delta_\alpha(\bm{x})\delta_\beta(\bm{x}+\Delta\bm{x}),
\end{equation}
where $N$ is appropriate normalization.
The dipole term can be extracted from this anisotropic correlation
as in Eq.(\ref{eq:xi_exp}).
Taking the Fourier transform then yields the power spectrum dipole.
The error bar is easier to specify for the power spectrum
than the correlation function,
since $k$-bins are statistically independent. The
transformation from real space to
redshift space does not change our error estimate because
the dipole is orthogonal to the effect of redshift
distortion, which is a quadrupole distortion.

In  Fig.~\ref{fig:crosspk}, we plot the expected error bars of the
angular-dependent CDM-neutrino cross power spectrum for a survey with
volume $V_s=1.0h^{-3}\mathrm{Gpc}^3$ and $n_g \Delta
b=2.4\times10^{-2}h^3\mathrm{Mpc}^{-3}$.
This corresponds to an all-sky survey out to
redshift $z<0.2$, comparable to the SDSS main sample volume, but with
a tenfold higher galaxy sampling density, about the
density of HIPASS galaxies\cite{Zwaan:2003}. The two populations of galaxies
could be, for example, a deep optical survey and
an HI survey at low redshifts. Alternatively, the second tracer might
be obtained by a non-linear weighting of the same density
field such as the cosmic tide field\cite{2012arXiv1202.5804P}.

We proceed to calculate the error on
the neutrino mass measurement using a Fisher matrix estimate.
We use five $k$ bins ($k$=0.059, 0.12, 0.24, 0.47, 0.94 $h$/Mpc)
in Fig.~\ref{fig:crosspk}. Modes with smaller $k$ are not used
because MBPT is not a very
good approximation unless the background velocity
comes from scales larger than the $k$-mode.  We fit for
two parameters: a multiplicative
(relative) galaxy bias $\Delta b$, treated as a nuisance parameter,
and a neutrino mass, and marginalize the result over the relative bias.
The result is given in Table ~\ref{tab:mnu_error} for
the four different neutrino masses.  Existing galaxy redshift data may
result in a detection for optimistic neutrino mass and bias parameters.
Future surveys can measure the neutrino masses precisely.

\begin{table}
\caption{\label{tab:mnu_error} The forecasted error on neutrino mass with
a survey of  $V_s=1.0h^{-3}\mathrm{Gpc}^3$, $n_g=2.4\times10^{-2}h^3\mathrm{Mpc}^{-3}$
 and with current survey
data, modeled with SDSS and 2dF as $V_s=0.2h^{-3}\mathrm{Gpc}^3$, $n_g
V_s=1\times10^{6}$. Note that substantial uncertainties exist due to
unknown galaxy neutrino bias, which is a nuisance parameter that we
marginalize over.}
\begin{tabular}{c|cc|cc}
&\multicolumn{2}{c|}{
current (SDSS)}
&\multicolumn{2}{c}{ future} \\
$m_\nu$ (eV) & $\sigma_{m_\nu}$ & relative error & $\sigma_{m_\nu}$ & relative error \\
\hline
0.05& 0.045 & 0.90  & 0.0042 & 0.084\\
0.10& 0.044 & 0.44 & 0.0041 & 0.041\\
0.20 & 0.079 & 0.40& 0.0074 & 0.037\\
0.40 & 0.097 & 0.24& 0.0091 & 0.023\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\textit{Discussions.}
The neutrino mass measurement method proposed here
differs from the one based on small scale
power spectrum suppression, and it is more robust
to scale-dependent galaxy biasing.  In the approach based on power suppresion,
if for some reason there is a weak scale-dependent variation of bias
at the level of $\sim 1\%$, it  can completely swamp
the neutrino signal. In our dipole
cross correlation approach, the measured signal arises only from
the relative velocity effect.  If galaxy bias were to
depend on scale, the impact on the inferred neutrino mass would only
be proportionate to any such changes, unlike for total power
measurements where any uncertainty in bias is amplified by two orders
of magnitude or more.

For the cases we considered, the correlation function peaks
occur at scales ($16, 11, 7, 5$ Mpc/h)
comparable to the relative velocity field coherency
scales ($14.5, 10.3, 7.0, 4.6$ Mpc/h); this is not unexpected as it is
the coherence of the bulk velocity which induces such correlation. However,
for the analytical MBPT calculation we used here, it does pose a problem,
because strictly speaking the MBPT approximation is valid
only for scales below the coherence scale.
 The non-linear effects become significant for $k\gtrsim 0.1 h$/Mpc.
Nevertheless, the essence of large scale velocity modulation
and the expected physical effect (the dipole structure) is still captured in the
calculation, though quantitatively it may not be very accurate at the
largest scales. This can be remedied with numerical simulations. We will
study this in a future paper; preliminary results, however, show that the result is
generally consistent with the analytical one.

 In our Fisher analysis, we have
treated the galaxy relative bias as a nuisance parameter.  As described above,
the sensitivity to this effect depends on $n_g\Delta b$ and so the
galaxy density needed to detect this dipole depends on the bias.  In
any given detection of the dipole, $\Delta b$ is immediately known,
and thus the error on the neutrino mass would also be known.  The
uncertainty in the bias, and thus the error, is proportionate to the
significance of the detection, i.e. for a $10\sigma$ detection, there
is an additional $10\%$ uncertainty in the error itself.

In the above we have considered a single neutrino mass. In fact,
unlike the power spectrum suppression effect, which is sensitive only to the
sum of the neutrino masses, the dipole effect discussed here can in principle
be used to measure the mass of a single neutrino. For multiple neutrinos,
the different mass eigenstates will have different bulk velocity
directions for each of them, which at least in theory can be
solved independently by repeating this procedure once for each mass.
In practice this may be difficult, but if one or two neutrino masses
are dominant and degenerate, then the procedure discussed in this paper
is already sufficient. For an inverted neutrino mass hierarchy,
the effect would be twice as large and enhance the possibility of detection.

{\it Acknowledgements.}
We benefitted from helpful discussions with Joel Meyers and Camille Bonvin.
We acknowledge the support of the Chinese MoST 863
program under grant 2012AA121701, the NSFC under grant 11373030 and NSERC.

\bibliographystyle{apsrev}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Krassócser , település Romániában, a Bánságban, Krassó-Szörény megyében.

Fekvése
Resicabányától északkeletre fekvő település.

Története
Krassócser nevét 1433-ban említette először oklevél Cherova néven.

1808-ban Czerova, 1913-ban pedig Krassócser formában írták.

1851-ben Fényes Elek írta a településről:

1910-ben pedig a Révai Lexikon írta a faluról:

A 20. század elején Krassó-Szörény vármegye Resiczabányai járásához tartozott.

1910-ben 888 lakosából 14 német, 770 román, 94 cigány volt. Ebből 12 római katolikus, 860 görög keleti ortodox volt.

Jegyzetek

Források

 Pesty Frigyes: Krassó vármegye (II/1.117)
 Fényes Elek: Magyarország Történeti Geográfiája

Krassó-Szörény megye települései
Krassó-Szörény vármegye települései

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Well, it snowed today! In my world that means: time to make snow-made obstacles for my dog. So my boyfriend and I made a few simple structures (a tunnel, two jumps, and a pedestal) and filmed some of the fun we had.


text:
Turkey detainees tortured, raped after failed coup, rights group says
By Jason Hanna and Tim Hume, CNN
Updated 4:32 PM EDT, Wed July 27, 2016
Could Turkey's purge help ISIS?
Coup in Turkey 28 videos
Who is Fethullah Gulen?
Fethullah Gulen denies ties to attempted coup in Turkey
Turkey has a long history of military coups
Night of explosions, gunfire in Turkey
President Erdogan: Government in control of Turkey
Who is Recep Tayyip Erdogan?
Exclusive: Turkish president describes night of coup attempt
Official: Military acted outside chain of command
Exclusive: Turkish president wants cleric extradited
Exclusive: Turkish president won't rule out death penalty
Videos shows soldiers clear out CNN Turk
Turkish PM: Coup plotters will be tried for treason
The sights and sounds of attempted coup
Turkish soliders walk with hands up
Turkey coup: Soldier pulled to safety by police
- Source: IHA
A night of gunfire and explosions during Turkey coup
Turkish military confront protesters
- Source: DHA
People take cover from gunfire near Istanbul bridge
Turkish soldiers force CNN Turk anchors off air
Witness: We are on lockdown in Istanbul
What is a coup d'état?
Turkish military seen inside Turkish state TV
Explosions heard in Istanbul streets
Turkey chaos a crisis for U.S., NATO
Turkish prime minister: Those attempting coup will pay
Amanpour: Turkish president clashed with military
Turkish PM: Military taking illegal action
Amnesty International: More than 10,000 have been detained, many of them soldiers
Turkey denies allegations it subjected some detainees to rape and torture
Captured military officers raped by police, hundreds of soldiers beaten, some detainees denied food and water and access to lawyers for days. These are the grim conditions that many of the thousands who were arrested in Turkey face in the aftermath of a recent failed coup, witnesses tell Amnesty International.
Detainees awaiting trial have been beaten and tortured in official and unofficial holding centers in Istanbul and Ankara since the July 15 coup attempt by parts of Turkey's military, the human rights group alleged this week, citing interviews with detainees' lawyers, doctors and a person who was on duty at one of the centers in Ankara.
Thousands of supporters from Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's AKP party and the opposition CHP join forces Sunday, July 24, in an anti-coup rally in Istanbul's Taksim Square.
Chris McGrath/Getty Images Europe/Getty Images
Although the opposition denounced the coup and supported Erdogan, it has voted against his state of emergency declaration. Secularists have said their rejection of the coup does not mean they agree with government measures enacted afterward.
BULENT KILIC/AFP/AFP/Getty Images
The cross-party event was held in honor of democracy and to protest the attempted coup that took place in the early hours of July 16.
OZAN KOSE/AFP/AFP/Getty Images
The mood at the demonstration, dubbed the "Republic and Democracy Rally," was celebratory and patriotic and a rare show of unity between government and opposition supporters.
"We are all together in Taksim today," Kemal Kilicdaroglu, leader of the opposition, told supporters. "Today is a day we made history all together,"
Since the attempted coup, Turkey's government has fired or suspended 50,000 people from the country's institutions and security forces.
Turkey unites in anti-coup rally
"The grim details that we have documented are just a snapshot of the abuses that might be happening in places of detention," John Dalhuisen, Amnesty International's Europe director, said in a statement Sunday.
Justice Minister Bekir Bozdag denied the allegations in the report.
"No individual was tortured or mistreated during or after their detention," Bozdag said.
"Accusations of torture and ill-treatment are unfounded," he said, blaming them on supporters of cleric Fethullah Gulen, whom President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has accused of orchestrating the upheaval.
Deputy Prime Minister Mehmet Simsek told CNN that "if there are any substantive allegations, there will be further investigations," saying the government has "zero tolerance to any abuses."
More than 10,000 people have been detained, Amnesty International said. More than 9,000 were soldiers, though about 1,200 were released, the Turkish government said last week. Nearly 1,700 troops, including 87 generals, have been fired, the state-run news agency Anadolu reported.
Life one week after Turkey coup
Here's a look at some of the allegations, according to Amnesty International:
Rapes and beatings
• Many detainees are being kept in informal holding centers, such as a sports hall at the Ankara police headquarters and some riding club stables in the city.
• Detainees say they saw police officers raping senior military officers with batons or fingers, according to two lawyers in Ankara.
Turkey crackdown on satire cartoonists
• A person who'd been on duty at the Ankara police headquarters claimed to have seen a severely beaten detainee who lost consciousness with large swelling on his head. Police allegedly denied that detainee medical treatment. "Let him die. We will say he came to us dead," the witness quoted a police doctor as saying.
Turkey: Full coverage
Who is President Erdogan?
How night of mayhem unfolded
Video shows night of tumult
View from Istanbul's streets
Who is man blamed for coup?
How it affects U.S. and Nato
Extradition could harm U.S. ties
FaceTime's starring role
Opinion: The tragedy of the attempted coup
• Up to 800 male soldiers were being held in the Ankara police headquarters sports hall, a source there said, and at least 300 showed signs of having been beaten, with bruises, cuts or broken bones, the source said. About 40 could not walk, and a woman detained separately from men had bruising on her face and torso, the source said.
• Detainees were brought before prosecutors for interrogation with their shirts covered in blood, lawyers said.
Turkey to disband presidential guard unit following coup attempt
Stress positions and food deprivation
• Many detainees were handcuffed behind their backs with plastic zip ties and forced to kneel for hours, the interviewees said.
• Detainees alleged that police deprived them of food for up to three days and water for up to two days, according to the interviewees.
'Grave violations of a right to a fair trial'
• More than 10 lawyers were interviewed, saying most of their clients were held for at least four days before being charged. In most cases, the detainees had been held without the ability to talk to relatives or the attorneys before their hearings.
• In most cases, neither the clients nor their attorneys were informed of specific charges, the lawyers said.
who is Recep Tayyip Erdogan anderson orig_00002718.jpg
• "These are grave violations of the right to a fair trial which is enshrined in both Turkey's national law and international law," Dalhuisen said.
• "In the vast majority of cases, (lawyers) said that no evidence establishing reasonable suspicion of criminal behavior was presented against their clients during the charge hearings … (and) lawyers explained that judges ordered detained soldiers to be placed in pretrial detention if they left their barracks the evening of the coup, regardless of the reason," Amnesty International said in a statement.
Call for independent monitors
Amnesty International said it wanted the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture to send people to check on detainees' conditions.
The roundup of suspected coup plotters is not the only government response to the uprising.
TOPSHOT - EDITORS NOTE: Graphic content / Pro-Erdogan supporters gather at Taksim square in Istanbul to support the government on July 16, 2016, following a failed coup attempt. Turkish authorities said they had regained control of the country on July 16 after thwarting a coup attempt by discontented soldiers to seize power from President Recep Tayyip Erdogan that claimed more than 250 lives. / AFP / BULENT KILIC (Photo credit should read BULENT KILIC/AFP/Getty Images)
Turkish parliament approves state of emergency
Under a new presidential decree following the attempted coup, suspects can be detained for as long as 30 days without charge, and the government can listen in on all conversations they have with their attorneys.
A three-month state of emergency declaration issued Thursday grants Erdogan new sweeping powers to implement the detention measures.
How people in Turkey feel about the failed coup
Besides the arrests, Turkey's government has launched a sweeping purge of institutions and individuals suspected of having ties to Gulen.
Obama: U.S. was not involved in Turkish coup attempt
Authorities have fired or suspended at least 50,000 people from various institutions, including judges, teachers, soldiers, police and journalists. Even the state-run Turkish Airlines has not been exempt from the crackdown, with the company announcing Monday that 211 employment contracts had been terminated.
Turkish authorities have issued arrest warrants for 42 journalists, Anadolu reported Monday.
Reporters Without Borders has slammed the government's treatment of journalists following the political upheaval.
Johann Bihr, the head of the organization's Eastern Europe and Central Asia desk, said that democracy "cannot be protected by trampling on fundamental freedoms."
"The wholesale and arbitrary nature of the attacks on the Turkish media in the past week seems to reflect a desire to exact revenge and bring them into line. It is time the authorities put a stop to this," Bihr said in a statement.
Reporters Without Borders ranks Turkey 151st out of 180 countries for press freedom.
CNN's Isil Sariyuce, Onur Cakir, Euan McKirdy, Angela Dewan, Susanna Capelouto and Gul Tuysuz contributed to this report.


After a couple years of the seeing battle royale games release in unfinished states, Respawn's confident spin on gaming's most popular trend has completely reinvigorated my enthusiasm for the genre. It'll need consistent support and long term updates to stay exciting, but Apex Legends is one hell of an opening salvo. Free, friendly, and consistently fun, it's the best battle royale game available today.
Apex Legends makes squad-based battle royale work better than thought possible, even when playing with a randomly matched team. Its intuitive communication system makes strategic teamplay achievable without a word, and the eight unique legends each have cool abilities that are rewarding without feeling like restrictive roles.
Apex Legends is a mix of smart shooter ideas that makes for a competitive, team-based game that gets at all the best parts of battle royale while addressing a lot of the weaknesses. Respawn's intense focus on team play makes Apex more than just a worthy addition to the genre; it's an indicator of where battle royale should go in the future.
The veterans of Titanfall games will have a hard time getting used to the lack of Titans, wall run and double jump, but both the design and gameplay would be enough to compensate for that loss. All in all, we predict a bright future for this game, and the first numbers are indicators of the upcoming success.
Overall, Apex Legends is a free game and it is a pretty fast-paced game for a battle royale. Anyone who has played PUBG or Fortnite can respect what Respawn has done here. They took a genre and added their own Titanfall twists to the game and have something that is genuinely fun to play. You can literally earn everything in the game or spend a little cash to get the things you want. For a game that had literally zero marketing, it has taken the player base by storm.
Apex Legends has raised the bar for battle royale games. It minimizes downtime, places an emphasis on intense gunfights, and replaces nameless characters with a memorable bunch of heroes. Though there aren't any dance emotes and you can't transform into a skyscraper during the middle of a shootout a la Fortnite, it instead offers something for those who have yet to be truly caught by the BR bug.
A great addition to a genre that most don't even bother developing for anymore in the shadow of the titans, defying that trend and standing out as a serious competitor. Great mechanics built with an already well-received engine make the game genuinely fun to play, and the variety of small additions really add up to make it feel like a whole game, which others of the same genre struggle with. It's still a battle royale game, so it won't be for everyone, and there are a few concerns with balancing and new content, particularly for the future. But seeing as how it's free you have no excuse not to download it and give it a go.
That said, we wouldn't rate any other battle royale game higher either, and between Apex Legends, Fortnite, and Blackout the genre is in great shape (and that's not forgetting PUBG and the myriad of other options that keep popping up). With one of this trio part of the most successful shooter series on the planet, and the other two completely free-to-play, it's no wonder that so many other promising battle royale shooters are struggling to keep up.
Hacía falta que alguien diera el siguiente paso dentro del género battle royale, y es justo lo que han logrado hacer desde Respawn Entertainment. Apex Legends logra implantar su propia identidad con una acción más ágil y vertical, y llena de innovaciones y mejoras para todas las convenciones del género: equipo, comunicación, navegación, mapa... Tal vez no fuera el paso más lógico para la serie Titanfall, pero definitivamente Apex Legends ha llegado para quedarse.
Aún quedan algunos interrogantes de cara al futuro, como el Pase de Batalla o el contenido que Respawn y EA vayan agregando al título, factores clave para mantener su éxito a medio y largo plazo pero, de momento, Apex Legends nos parece la gran sorpresa en lo que llevamos de año, y no sólo uno de los mejores Battle Royale de los últimos tiempos, sino también uno de los mejores títulos multijugador de esta generación… y gratuito.
Auch bei den Helden-Klassen, der knackigen Steuerung und der Kulisse macht sich die Erfahrung der Titanfall-Entwickler bemerkbar. Auf Dauer kann es allerdings etwas monoton werden, da der Überlebenskampf nur einen Modus, keine Fahrzeuge und keine dynamische Zerstörung zu bieten hat. Trotzdem sorgt die spielerisch clever designte Karte immer wieder für richtig gute Unterhaltung.
Même s'il n'est pas le dernier opus attendu de Titanfall, Apex Legends a tout pour être un battle royale à succès. À côté du mastodonte Fortnite, il peut se faire sa place grâce à un gameplay original, inspiré d'autres genres comme le FPS et le MOBA. Il nous immerge dans une arène de combat pour divertir les foules, avec un univers futuriste qui a de la matière.
Dire qu'Apex Legends nous a étonné serait un euphémisme. Gratuit, coloré, nerveux, fluide, tactique, les qualités ne manquent pas pour cet improbable mais si légitime mélange entre héro-shooter et battle royale. Certes, l'adrénaline n'est plus la même que lors de nos premières parties sur le genre, mais les innovations de game design et le teamplay réhaussé font d'Apex Legends un titre étonnamment juste et justifié, comme si le Battle Royale venait avec lui de franchir une étape supplémentaire, anoblissant son gameplay pour le rendre à la fois plus profond tout en étant moins frustrant à bien des égards.
La versione PC si conferma la migliore del lotto, in grado di reggere risoluzioni superiori mettendo in campo un'effettistica generalmente più sofisticata rispetto alle console, ma consentendo al contempo di scalare l'esperienza per le configurazioni meno spinte.
Verder zijn de speelbare karakters met unieke skills een fijne nieuwe toevoeging die meer variatie geeft in characterbuilding. Jammer is wel dat ook bij deze battle royale game de microtransacties aanwezig zijn, alleen kunnen we gerust zijn aangezien de loot alleen cosmetisch is. Apex Legends voegt veel fijne features samen die in verschillende games al voorkomen. Een goede balans tussen mooie graphics en goede features maakt Apex Legends een zeer goede toevoeging aan het battle royale genre.


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Seacoast Reads
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Flesh and Bone by Jonathan Maberry Book Review
By Rebecca Skane | Published: September 15, 2013 | Leave a comment
Flesh & Bone (Benny Imura #3) by Jonathan Maberry Book Review
Pub. 2012 - 469 pp
Flesh & Bone is the third book in the Benny Imura series, popular zombie books for young adults. These are hefty books, but fast reads. I breezed through the first three in just one week.
Rot & Ruin Book Review (Benny Imura #1)
Dust & Decay Book Review (Benny Imura #2)
At the end of Dust & Decay, there was triumph and grief. Benny and Tom Imura, Nix, Chong and Lilah had left the safety of Mountainside to search for the origins of the mysterious plane that flew overhead and headed east. After being caught by bounty hunters and brought to Gameland to compete in zombie pits against their will, the crew broke free with help from Tom's friends and together they destroyed Gameland as well as the corrupt bounty hunters. But before all was said and done, Benny's older brother Tom was killed. Rather than retreating in defeat back to Mountainside, the group decided to stay the course and head east, through the great zombie-infested Rot and Ruin.
The reader has no chance to breathe or even catch up when Flesh & Bone opens. Benny is on a run for his life with hundreds of zombies breathing down his neck. There is no mention of Chong, Nix or Lilah. Benny is just running, and running hard. Just when we think Benny is home free, he stumbles and falls into a ravine. The zombies, wild for his blood, shower down on him from above. Unable to climb out from the ravine, he is about to give up when he hears a child call for help. A five-year-old girl on the other side of the ravine soon tumbles down, giving Benny a reason to live. He grabs her and races along the ravine floor only to find a dead end. Thankfully, that's when Chong, Nix and Lilah decide to grace him with their presence.
And that was just the first few chapters.
Exposed to many threats in the great Rot and Ruin, such as hordes of flesh-eating zombies and starving wild animals, they come across a new threat just as deadly. Again, man proves to be the most dangerous enemy but instead of corrupt bounty hunters, they face a legion of cult members who call themselves the Reapers. They are members of the Night Church led by Mother Rose and Saint John of the Knife, a former serial killer before the zombie apocalypse. In their church, the zombies are the Children of Lazarus who have been raised from the dead to inherit the earth. The Reapers are there to send the rest of the survivors who still cling to the flesh into the darkness. If they can't convert you, they kill you.
Once again, the group gets split up. Lilah runs off to look for the little girl's parents but gets attacked by a zombified wild boar. Benny, Nix and Chong find her parents but end up getting chased by the Reapers. Chong loses his way until he hears the little girl cry for help. Instead of running, he decided to take on the reapers by himself. That's we he comes across Riot, a heretic to the Night Church and daughter to Mother Rose. Benny and Nix keep running until they find something in a clearing that changes everything. A downed plane.
Yet hope prevails. Through new acquaintances, each member of our questing group learns about Sanctuary and a fortified American nation that has conquered the lands on the east coast. The Night Church has heard these rumors too. With an army of thousands of converts, their mission is plain as day.
Tom Imura, Benny's older brother, was my favorite character in the series. I was heartbroken when he was killed at the end of the second book. Tom was a parental figure, the leader, and he was the cohesive member that kept everyone together. His death was symbolic for Benny's growth and I suppose it was needed for Benny to make that leap into manhood. But Flesh & Bone really seemed to lack something for me without Tom. It felt like just a bunch of vulnerable kids in the woods who relied on luck to see them through, all the while crying and reminiscing about Tom.
Flesh & Bone also felt like a repeat of Dust & Decay, but without the emotional tugs which kept you invested. Once again the group gets separated, once again they are chased by something other than zombies, and once again they come together at the very end to fight the big battle. And once again, the book leaves the end wide open. Whereas I loved Dust & Decay (the emotion and the nail-biting fight scenes), I didn't find Flesh & Bone to be half as provocative. Nevertheless, it was still a fun read.
While Rot & Ruin has mild violence for a zombie book, Dust & Decay changed all of that with its vicious inhumanity and horrifying zombies. Flesh & Bone was every bit as gory and terrifying as the second book and this time, our main characters get heaping amounts of pain dished out upon them. In fact, the author tortures the heck out of these kids, having each one describe the ridiculous amount of pain they're feeling. It isn't for the faint of heart. I don't know if a Navy SEAL could have survived some of these moments.
As with the second book, each of our main characters is still fighting internal battles aside from the more obvious threats. Nix is still dealing with her mother's murder and the guilt she feels for Tom's death. Benny is wrestling with his brother's death and his relationship with Nix. Lilah is still trying to cope with reintegration into society and she hates that fact that she cares about Chong so deeply. She preferred it when she didn't have to care about anyone. Meanwhile, Chong is in love with Lilah but doesn't feel that he is man enough, or strong enough, to be worthy of her affections.
Although Flesh & Bone didn't knock it out of the park for me, I really enjoyed the series. I plan to read Fire & Ash (Benny Imura #4) which was just released in August of this year as soon as I get my hands on it.
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"Cancel Culture" isn't real
nickchang143 January 16, 2020 January 17, 2020 Uncategorized
I was a bit of a recluse, around my junior year of college. I had a pretty healthy social life yet, I was overwhelmed with a desire to be alone, smoke weed and listen to music in my room. I was going through the doldrums of early-20's nihilistic depression, struggling to find myself as I transitioned from child to post-child and cope with the realities of life and death in a seemingly indifferent and isolated world. You know, the usual.
To ease my turmoil I looked to science, particularly astronomy and physics, in my search for truth and essentially God. I obsessed over YouTube videos and science books to learn everything I could about the nature of the universe and life itself. One man stood out as a spokesperson for me, Neil Degrasse Tyson. I watched his show "Cosmos" like Sunday cartoons, read his books and listened to his podcasts avidly.
He was the bridge between an intimidating subject that seemed densely complicated and me. Neil had become my role-model by combining an obscure nerdy passion of mine with a glamorous career path that I wanted to replicate. I even considered switching majors from Broadcasting to Physics.
Years pass and it's December 2018, my existential crisis had been quelled and my passion for astrophysics dwindled into mostly a hobby (though I always enjoy learning about the universe). I heard the news that Neil deGrasse Tyson, was accused of sexual misconduct by 4 women. One woman accused him of drugging and raping her.
I felt a jaded frustration at the revelation of yet another abusive celebrity and did an internal eye-roll as I mentally cancelled him. I assumed that was the last I would be seeing of Tyson, unless in a courtroom. I should have known that nothing that would be considered logical or appropriate following a case like this, would happen.
Neil proceeded to be completely cleared of his accusations by his employer, the Hayden Planetarium, through their own private investigation, AND allowed back on "Cosmos" by the network, even though the accusations came from women who worked with him at these very places.
The guy even went on a pseudo-apologetic book tour, appearing on numerous talk shows including "the View" and "Stephen Colbert" where he substitutes an apology for a shameless, "thank-you-to-my-fans-who-still-support-me-now-buy-my-book" shpeal.
Get to the Point Nick
This all brings me to one month ago, when my father gifts me a viewing of a "Masterclass" by the one and only Neil deGrope Tyson. It's an extensive class on scientific thinking and communication, straight from the predatory horse's mouth. My dad hadn't heard the news about Neil, along with many others.
I was first repulsed by the thought of listening to him speak but I was also flattered that my Dad gave me this thoughtful gift, albeit cringey. Then I thought, maybe I should just listen to it and get what I can out of what I'm sure is a wealth of knowledge, I mean it's not like he's teaching a sex-ed course, right?
But then, does that compromise me as a caring, good-person, feminist and ally to the #MeToo movement? Does that totally derail my gravitas of personal morality and all the progress I feel that I have supported in believing women and taking sexual misconduct seriously? Or am I just being totally self-righteous by ignoring a heart-felt (and already paid for) gift from my Dad, that I could easily watch and learn from in a vacuum of my own experience?
At this moral crossroads, I had to deeply examine my intentions. Society didn't cancel him, so should I? I had already cancelled Neil from my life, is it wrong to let him back in? Is it unethical to watch this Masterclass by Neil deGrasse Tyson?
To answer this, I had to start thinking about cancel culture and what it means for all those involved. I want examine what it really means, what it says about us and all its implications.
To Cancel, or not to Cancel?
I think ultimately trying to determine whether Cancel culture as whole, is right or wrong is asking the wrong question.
But what does it even mean to cancel someone?
When a high profile figure is exposed as doing something our society deems unacceptable, we see a response now referred to as "cancel culture," the total end of consumption, attention and support of them and their creations, essentially a form of public shaming and it's become a really loaded term.
Cancel culture has developed a negative connotation, when I type in "Cancel Culture" to Google most of the articles I find are criticizing cancel culture, noting how it has gone "too far" or even calling it dangerous. Even Obama made a reference to it.
Anti – Cancel Culture
Critics of cancel culture seem to imagine it as this millenial weapon of political correctness, ready to strike down anyone that has ever said anything controversial. It stems from the stereotype of our over-sensitivity and moral superiority.
But it's not an organized strategy, it's more of a cultural phenomenon. And it's hardly new, Galileo was cancelled after they found out that he said the Earth revolved around the Sun.
But what are the critics of cancel culture really saying and who are they trying to protect? Do we have any current figures being prematurely burned at the stake that need to be spared? Who are the victims here?
Pro – Cancel Culture
Those actively looking to cancel someone like to see it as a form of social justice, but they need to ask themselves what it is exactly they are trying to achieve.
What is the goal of cancelling? Is it to simply cancel people like a tv show, no more of them or their image and end their careers as punishment? Is it to publicly shame and make an example out of them for future offenders?
Aziz Ansari, Louis C.K., Neil; all were accused of deplorable crimes and received a huge public backlash but has their career really suffered? All 3 are still doing the same work they did before, now with an edgy intrigue added. They have tarnished their image but Aziz is coming out with a Netflix special and Louis just announced a comedy tour.
It seems to succeed as a shaming tool temporarily but ultimately fail its intended goal, to cancel.
So do we really have a cancel culture at all?
The problem I have with the idea of cancel culture, is that most of the time the verdict comes down to:
How much we love the person vs. How mad their crime makes us.
It's easy for us to actually cancel someone like Roseanne Barr, or Bill Cosby; people who haven't really been on the public's mind these days at all, but Chris Brown and Michael Jackson? Cancelling them is not so easy.
Chris Brown is the epitome of the failed Cancellation, he was convicted of physically-abusing Rihanna years ago and after a shitstorm of controversy he has ultimately been branded as an abuser, but has that really hurt his career?
He still makes music to this day, he even had a song with Drake in July. This to me, reflects our society's soft stance on violence towards women and illustrates how we have yet to take it seriously as a crime.
Think about Michael Jackson, an extreme case. One of the MOST loved people ever, accused of one of the WORST crimes anyone can commit. How do you feel our society has handled that situation? Was he cancelled? Should he be?
Cancel Culture has morphed into a straw man, where people use it to complain about things they don't like. Some think cancel culture means to find something you said 10 years ago and throw it back in your face, or that you have to be perfect all the time or risk the PC mob coming for your neck.
Conversely, some people think cancelling gives you the power to eradicate what you don't like in the world in one fell swoop. You can't just dismiss people and their actions from the world and move on because things don't just disappear like that.
The most important power of cancelling, is that it gives the public a voice to state what we will not tolerate. Why we make that statement, when, how and to what extent, is a direct reflection on our values as a country, as well as individually.
Unfortunately, the use of that voice is often criticized, slapped with the label of "cancel culture" and the point is largely missed.
Moving the Conversation Forward
I don't think we are talking about cancel culture in a way that's beneficial. I think it has been misinterpreted and mischaracterized. We need to move on from the conversation of "is it bad" or "is it good" and really examine what it is that we are discussing.
It's not about should I, or should I not cancel NDT, more about why I want to cancel him.
Is there a way we can discuss cancel culture in a way that is productive and beneficial? I think the root of the concept breaks down into 3 essential questions.
1.) Is it unethical to consume the work of someone that has done something wrong or harmful?
i.e. "Am I a bad person if I dance to Michael Jackson music, if I believe he molested children?"
Is it wrong when I dance to "Rock With You?" Once I hear that drum fill lead into that groovy keyboard melody, I can't resist wiggling my feetsies and moonwalking across the living room?
https://media.giphy.com/media/g0vZVjXDYqjNCbvBSN/giphy.gif
But I don't want to support the abuse of children or someone that potentially got away with it. I think becomes really subjective.
To me, that song represents memories of the good times I had listening to that song before I ever found out about Michael's actions.
In my personal space at home or in my headphones, I'm ok with listening to his music but a full scale homage to Michael Jackson on a cruise-ship musical performance that I saw last summer, I feel is inappropriate.
We don't need to honor or glorify him publicly and subject others to unwillingly listen to his music whom might be deeply offended by it or may have been abused.
I created a distinction between the song he created and the person he was. But how far can that be taken? That brings me to the next question,
2.) Is someone's work inextricably linked to who they are as a person?
When is it appropriate to separate someone's work from the actions of their life? By supporting MJ's music am I supporting him as a person and all his actions?
Manny Pacquiao is one of the best boxers ever but he is also outspokenly homophobic, can I learn from his boxing styles while being a supporter of gay rights?
Is it possible to see humans as fragmented people, with different arenas of our lives in which we operate as different versions of ourselves? Or does this nuance get lost when we show public support to someone based on our personal interests, while the world sees us supporting a person who is mostly known for something hurtful. Does the desire to learn from this particular boxer outweigh your support for LGBTQ people?
3.) To what extent do we hold people accountable for their actions and when should we forgive?
I hear the fears of people being cancelled over something they tweeted 8 years ago when they were drunk, the fear of being punished for your past self. That power is ultimately held by the judgers, how long do YOU think someone should be held accountable. I believe it depends on the crime, context and the remorse that the perpetrator shows afterwards and the amends they choose to make.
The reality is that forgiveness is largely not ours to give, they didn't hurt us. Think about if the victims to these people would be comfortable supporting them. Would a woman who was sexually assaulted want to watch Cosmos? If I don't think they would, then I don't think I should either.
My Answer
I don't think it is right for me to listen to Neil deGrasse Tyson's Masterclass, I choose to believe the women that accused him and I would not want to listen to a rapist drone on about anything for 2 hours. I can learn from another scientist that has no connections to sexual abuse.
I think the value that any celebrity brings to the world with their talent can be easily outweighed by the pain and negative impact they can cause when abusing their power.
You should choose who you give your money, support and attention to wisely and do so with intention. Give your adoration to people whom you really feel deserve it, and withhold your support from those who you do not believe are making the world a better place on your own conviction.
In my eyes, there is no easy answer and cancel culture, really isn't a thing.
But what do YOU think? Let me know in the comments if you agree or disagree with anything. The point of this isn't to provide an answer for you but to pose a question.
Can you think of any time that cancelling has gone too far? Is there anyone that you feel should be cancelled?
For real, let me know what you think! Let's open up this dialogue and get a meaningful conversation going. Thank you for reading and subscribe if you like this shyt! Share it and see what controversy you can spark on your newsfeed :).
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I have an ethical dilemma with listening to Drake, how do you feel about him? We know that he likes to text underage girls, and is probably grooming them, which technically isn't a crime but that's nasty. Do you still stan? I feel wrong listening to his music because he's basically a predator, but hold on we're going home is my jam
nickchang143 says:
I don't stan anymore… and I hadn't even heard about that 🙁. It just comes down to two different conversations. Is he a great pop rapper? Yes. Is he a great person or role model? Ehhh not really
mmorran1 says:
Loved this thoughtful post – I think you'd like "The Callout" series from NPR about Cancel Culture in the Punk World, it really puts a lot of things in perspective https://www.npr.org/2018/04/13/601971617/the-callout
Thank you for reading and for the recommendation. I appreciate it from the bottom of my heart, I'm gonna check that out ASAP and I'll let you know what I think if you're down to hear
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