the free box. Stop in for a minute or join us for the duration. Coffee for all.
"After departing for their respected schools nationwide, The Caldwells and Fishermans return to shore with a special midsummer performance at the unique community center, Mess Hall. The Caldwells are a gang of four who send out good vibrations with their 60's pop and garage rock sound. Perfect companions, Fishermans provide an enchanted journey with their diverse instrumentation including trumpets and electronic samples that give way to heart-filled group sing-a-longs. Both groups are looking forward to sharing new material, baked goods and some good ol' fashioned fun.
The show starts at 7pm and is free to the open public!
(suspending our assumptions) description of what we see and hear.
Free & open to the general public! Everyone is welcome to attend!
This on-going exhibit features a rotating selection of books, posters & pamphlets found in the Mess Hall library and archive. Stop by on Sundays during the Glenwood Farmers Market or during other scheduled events to check out this delightful collection of publications and ephemera relating to artistic & activist events that have occurred around the world over the last seven years.
Join us if you want to learn how to produce narrative-based audio! We are a series of participatory workshops dedicated to encourage creative, broadcast-quality storytelling.
We will meet Wednesdays (6 – 8pm) and Saturdays (1 – 4pm) from May 2 – May 20 at the Mess Hall.
Come to all sessions or as many as you can.
We listen, interview, record, write, edit, collaborate, and create sounds together. Our meetings are free & open to the public. Beginners are always welcome.
Digital voice recorders and all other required production equipment supplied by Vocalo.org via its educational outreach program. Vocalo.org exists to support local community [broadcast] participation.
Final pieces presented live at Mess Hall, looped to play on speakers hanging outside Mess Hall 24 / 7 for 1-week post-workshop period, broadcasted by Vocalo (89.5FM) and SAIC Free Radio (http://freeradiosaic.org/), and uploaded to an online Mess Hall profile (www.vocalo.org).


text:
Émile Doumergue, född 25 november 1844, död 14 februari 1937, var en fransk reformert teolog.

Doumergue blev 1880 professor i kyrkohistoria i Montauban. Doumergue har företrätt en modifierad ortodoxi och i en produktiv litterär verksamhet hävdat kyrkans rättigheter. Av hans vetenskapliga arbeten märks den stora Calvinbiografin, J. Calvin (7 band, 1899-1927).

Källor
 Svensk uppslagsbok. Malmö 1931.

Franska teologer
Födda 1844
Avlidna 1937
Män

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Imperial Germany's "Iron Regiment" of the First World War
Reviewed by Michael Kihntopf
By John K. Rieth
Badgley Publishing Company, 2014
German Depiction of Fighting at the Somme
In the past few years there have been numerous books that deal with the German view of World War I. These works have given historians a better rounded knowledge of the Great War. Rieth's book stands head and shoulders above previously published unit histories and should not be ignored for its substantial value in providing the whole picture of many of the war's landmark battles.
John Rieth is a retired U.S. Army lieutenant colonel who brings his considerable experience in military matters to bear in this work. Prior to this work, he authored Patton's Forward Observers, The History of the 7th Field Artillery Observation Battalion. However, this book is a personal endeavor in that it is based on the war observations of his grandfather, who served in the 169 Infantry Regiment from 1914–1915. To that record, Rieth has expertly added excerpts from Otto Lais's book A Machine-gunner in the Iron Regiment (8th Baden Infantry Regiment #169)A, plus the Commemorative Publication for the 1st Regimental Day of the Former 8th Infantry Regiment #169 on 30 and 31 August 1924. The current book is the result of the blending of the three, plus smatterings from other primary sources, and is a treat to read. With a few exceptions, there are no boring, humdrum details that many of us have had to endure in unit histories.
Rieth begins with the ancestry of the regiment into which his grandfather was conscripted in 1912 when he was 20 years old. The army had formed the 169 IR during a corps reorganization in 1897, but its roots ran back to battalions that fought in the Napoleonic Wars. Initially it had a nickname of Handwerksburschen (Handworkers) Regiment because most of its soldiers came from the parts of the Grand Duchy of Baden that were known for making jewelry and watches.
Rieth's grandfather's observations provide a very interesting picture of pre-war life in the regiment and also of his reaction to mobilization in August 1914. Thereafter the author, quoting from his grandfather, gives a detailed description of the first real battle of the Great War, Mulhouse, fought on 9 August 1914. Ever after that the regiment was in the forefront of nearly every notable battle on the Western Front. In 1915 it's at Artois and in the Champagne region. In 1916 it's on the Somme and at Serre. There the name of Handwerksburschen was changed to Iron Regiment in tribute to its stand at Serre. In 1917, it's back in Champagne and its 1918 assignments culminate with the Meuse-Argonne offensive facing the Americans.
Anyone who has studied these battles from the English and American perspectives will readily appreciate how Rieth completes the picture of the overall battle. Drawing from Lais's work and the regimental history, he gives the reader a real feel for the preliminary bombardment the 169 IR endured before the first day of battle on the Somme. He also shows how material conditions, but not attitudes, deteriorated after August 1918 when over 1500 men of the division that the regiment was part of were captured. Interestingly enough, this book does not take a pessimistic view of the war except to editorialize on some of the battle orders the regiment was required to carry out. It is a highly personal view of fighting and clearly shows that winning the war to preserve Germany was the regiment's objective.
Don't miss this book. The portion on Mulhouse is a gem, and the description of opposing the Americans' Meuse-Argonne offensive is priceless.
Michael Kihntopf
Image from Tony Langley's Collection
Based on this excellent review, I have ordered the book. I haven't read much on the war from the German point of view, and it sounds like this is the book to start with! Thank you!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A campaign about individual expression, contemporary style and cultural heritage. The goal of this campaign is to celebrate the beauty of Africa through fashion and to promote the glamour and beauty of contemporary African fashion into the social scenes. This campaign gives us an opportunity to take pride in our heritage and be proud of the connection we have with Africa.
It is my hope that you will all join us in one way or another to celebrate the beauty of who we are and where we come from. We have a growing list of very talented and creative emerging and established Designers who are incorporating inspirations from the continent into their designs. That list will grow and it is our hope that you join in. Become a part of this exciting 'movement'; join the I WEAR AFRICAN fan page on facebook. Vote for your favorite designers and the clothes. Thank you for stopping by. We hope you get involved by wearing beautiful Africa inspired designs. Share your photos showing off your African Style and visit us regularly for updates on the campaign.
A portion of proceeds from all events related to this campaign will be contributed to our VILLAGE EFFORT.
hi, just came across this event and i believe it was a great successs. i live in columbus, oh and was wondering if you you bring this event here sometime. we do have a lot of african population here and i think it would be a great experience.


From machine learning to blockchain, fintechs succeed by applying creative thinking and problem solving to capitalise on technological advances and regulatory change.
But innovation rarely happens in isolation. The ability to collaborate and share knowledge is what the Barclays Accelerator, powered by Techstars, is all about.
There are 55 start-ups in residence at Rise London, Barclays' Fintech space in Shoreditch. What's on offer though is far more than Wi-Fi access and somewhere to sit.
The aim of the three-month programme is to link up early-stage ventures with the in-depth expertise offered by a large financial institution to help them grow.
One of the biggest risks small businesses face is not getting paid. Nimbla allows them to see that risk in real time, with the option to insure the invoices they are worried about - for as little as £5.60. It is the first time that single invoice insurance has been offered in the UK.
Nimbla also chase debts using optimal email systems that are constantly learning, they monitor risk and automatically trigger collection processes or file a claim on the SME's behalf. Nimbla plan to use robo-advisors, powered by machine learning to improve customer cash flow, protect customer business and save time.
"It's fast… in fact it's in real time. If you try and get a quote on existing insurance policies, it can take days. SMEs can sync their cloud accounting system to our platform; we then draw on a wide range of data sources for our underwriting so they get a decision within minutes.
"We give SMEs flexibility to make their own choices about mitigating risk by offering them insight into their customers. If we find a company to be particularly risky, we're not afraid to be transparent and warn them.
Only one in four B2B companies worldwide are currently selling online - in the United States, it's only one in nine. Crowdz is looking to change that, with online marketplaces that give small & midsize enterprises (SMEs) a powerful and cost-efficient new way of selling to B2B customers in an environment in which they'll always be found when customers are looking for the products they sell.
Crowdz does more than that, though. Their platform automatically digitizes the largely paper based documents associated with B2B purchases - like invoices, POs, and shipping details - replacing the costly and antiquated systems that most SMEs are still using with a system that is fast, efficient, and nearly cost-free. And because this document transport takes place over the blockchain, it is highly secure.
Crowdz also helps accelerate SMEs' cash-flow by enabling them to sell their invoices in an online auction exchange, giving investors the additional invoice inventory they're seeking while providing SMEs with the cash-flow financing they need at the best rates possible.
"We're democratising supply-chain finance. Through our system, we offer SMEs - which account for 70% of the supply chain – previously unavailable access to on-demand invoice purchasing. So many businesses go under because larger customers often take a long time to pay invoices. But to survive and grow, smaller companies need faster payments and more sustainable cash-flow. And that's what our solution provides.
From students getting university papers confirmed, passport certification and visa applications, to purchasing foreign property, so many processes require documents to be certified or notarised, but it can be difficult to connect with a professional to help get it done.
Oathello is an app that connects customers to legal professionals in minutes to find, book and pay for these services in one seamless app.
"Oathello is dedicated to making life easier for both the legal professionals and the clients they serve. We launched the platform just a couple of months ago and things are really taking off. People will always need documents to be notarised or certified. Oathello makes the whole process so easy and allows legal professionals to provide their services in a more business friendly manner.
"Customers that need documents certified or notarised can book and pay professionals direct and connect with services when they need it most - which is crucial in today's fast-paced world and business environment. Legal professionals are also improving the way they provide services and connect with the public so Oathello is a win-win for both sides of the market. Signing up takes less than two minutes and then you're hooked up in a seamless way.
One in five people who go abroad will need some sort of assistance. Sitata helps keep travellers safe by providing them with real-time health information. Their mobile app collects traveller's itineraries and provides all relevant health and safety information including vaccination recommendations, emergency numbers and hospital locations.
In addition, Sitata monitor the world's media and social outlets 24/7 for events that could disrupt travels, using advanced software algorithms that leverage machine learning and artificial intelligence.
More than that, in the future, it also aims to provide medical assistance locally, through the app, with an international web of medical experts which the team is currently pulling together.
"We had more than 500 applicants to the Accelerator, so the ten that are selected by Barclays are the best of the best.


text:
Contact us at: conference.nabe@gmail.com
DEAR FUTURE AMBASSADOR:
The National Association for Bilingual Education (NABE) is the only national professional organization devoted to representing bilingual/multilingual students and bilingual and dual language development of education professionals. NABE places a high value on the academic, linguistic, and culture of native and foreign languages, and understands that by advocating for educational equity and excellence for bilingual/multilingual students, we are investing in our children's education, our nation's future leaders, and our world's well being.
The continued success of our mission and vision for bilingualism, biliteracy & multiculturalism for National and International empowerment, relies on the generosity of individuals, businesses, and corporations that become NABE Ambassadors, who believe and recognize the importance of their support of bilingual/multilingual education and its empowerment towards future generations; ambassadors that continuously choose to create unity within a diverse and interdependent world.
If you are interested in becoming a NABE Ambassador or would like to provide a financial donation to the bilingual education scholarship programs, please go to our "Donations" page. You can also contact us at (225) 209-0224 or via email at conference.nabe@gmail.com
Proceeds will fund scholarship awards to educators in two main areas for professional development: attendance at the NABE 2020 Conference in Las Vegas, and participation in teacher preparation programs designed to encourage the development of bilingual professionals.
Thank you in advance for your support and commitment to bilingualism and biliteracy Sincerely,
Margarita P. Pinkos, Ed.D.
NABE President
Eastern Region Representative
Santiago V. Wood, Ed.D.
NABE Executive Director
Nilda M. Aguirre, Ed.S.
NABE Deputy Executive Director
A Letter to You
Ambassador Levels
Ambassador Dinner
R S V P
NABE Portfolio


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text:
Pakistan Begins Fencing Border With Afghanistan
People cross into Afghanistan at the Pakistani-Afghan border in Chaman.
Pakistan says it will soon begin building a fence along its volatile border with Afghanistan to improve security, a move that has sparked condemnations in Kabul.
The Pakistani Army said in a statement on June 20 that the first phase of fencing will focus on the Bajur, Mohmand, and Khyber tribal regions -- all regarded by authorities as areas prone to cross-border infiltration by various militant groups.
The statement also said that new forts and border posts will be built to improve defense and surveillance along the frontier.
A secure border "is in the common interest of both countries and a well-coordinated border-security mechanism is essential for enduring peace and stability," the statement said.
Afghan authorities, however, are opposed to the building of the fence.
The Associated Press news agency quoted Najib Danish, deputy spokesman for Afghanistan's Interior Ministry, as saying, "Pakistan has no right to fence or construct any building along the border with Afghanistan."
Danish warned of retaliatory action, referring to previous clashes that erupted when Pakistan sought to build border fortifications.
The two countries share a 2,400-kilometer border known as the Durand Line, which Pakistan considers to be an international border but Afghanistan has never recognized.
Afghanistan and Pakistan often accuse each other of turning a blind eye to militant groups operating along their porous border.
Based on reporting by AP and Dawn.com


text:
MaritalLaws
Alimony Calculators
Complete Calculators
Alimony Calculator
State Calculators
General Calculators
Aaml
Ginsburg
Divorce Law Guide
New Jersey Divorce Guide :: Table of Contents
New Jersey Divorce Overview
Grounds For Divorce Law Table
State Divorce Law Summary
New Jersey Divorce FAQ
New Jersey Divorce Statute Text
Residency Requirement
Living Separate & Apart
Filing Fee
The facts about divorce in New Jersey
Divorce, or dissolution of marriage, is the legal process of severing a marriage contract, which is overseen by a court of law in the state in which one or both of the divorcing spouses live. The process for getting a divorce and acceptible grounds for divorce vary from state to state.
In New Jersey, a divorce can be completed on average in a minimum of 360 days, with court fees of $250.00. The state has divorce residency requirements that require the spouse filing for the divorce to have lived in New Jersey for a minimum of twelve months.
On this page, you can learn about New Jersey's grounds for divorce, how the divorce process works, and about other parts of the divorce process, such as New Jersey alimony calculation, the property division process and more.
New Jersey Divorce Court Considerations Table
No Fault Sole Ground
No Fault Added to Traditional
Incompatibility
Living Separate and Apart
Judicial Separation
Durational Residency Requirements
New Jersey Divorce Law Summary
What is the Criteria for Divorce?
For New Jersey, one of the spouses must have lived in the state for one year before they can file for divorce. This also applies to members of the Armed Forces that are stationed in the state.
New Jersey only recognizes reasons for divorce as:
a. Adultery;
b. Willful and continued desertion for the term of 12 or more months, which may be established by satisfactory proof that the parties have ceased to cohabit as man and wife;
c. Extreme cruelty, which is defined as including any physical or mental cruelty which endangers the safety or health of the plaintiff or makes it improper or unreasonable to expect the plaintiff to continue to cohabit with the defendant; provided that no complaint for divorce shall be filed until after 3 months from the date of the last act of cruelty complained of in the complaint, but this provision shall not be held to apply to any counterclaim;
d. Separation, provided that the husband and wife have lived separate and apart in different habitations for a period of at least 18 or more consecutive months and there is no reasonable prospect of reconciliation; provided, further that after the 18-month period there shall be a presumption that there is no reasonable prospect of reconciliation;
e. Voluntarily induced addiction or habituation to any narcotic drug as defined in the New Jersey Controlled Dangerous Substances Act, P.L.1970, c. 226 or habitual drunkenness for a period of 12 or more consecutive months after marriage and next preceding the filing of the complaint;
f. Institutionalization for mental illness for a period of 24 or more consecutive months after marriage and next preceding the filing of the complaint;
g. Imprisonment of the defendant for 18 or more consecutive months after marriage, provided that where the action is not commenced until after the defendant's release, the parties have not resumed cohabitation following such imprisonment;
h. Deviant sexual conduct voluntarily performed by the defendant without the consent of the plaintiff. (New Jersey Statutes - Title 2 A - Chapters: 34-2
New Jersey Divorce Guide - Frequently Asked Questions
In state of New Jersey a number of factors are taken into account when ending a marriage.
1. New Jersey Grounds for Divorce FAQ
Is New Jersey a no-fault divorce state?
Does New Jersey allow at-fault divorces?
Does the state of New Jersey allow incompatibility as grounds for divorce?
Can you get a divorce in New Jersey for living separate and apart?
2. New Jersey Divorce Process FAQ
Does state of New Jersey allow legal separation?
What's the difference between a divorce and an annulment?
How long do I have to live in in the state of New Jersey to get a divorce?
What is the filing fee for a divorce in New Jersey?
How long does it take to get a divorce in New Jersey?
3. New Jersey General Divorce FAQ
Can my spouse stop me from getting a divorce?
Does New Jersey have any limitations on remarriage after a divorce?
What is the divorce rate in New Jersey?
Does New Jersey recognize same sex divorces?
New Jersey allows no-fault divorces, which means that a divorce is granted without establishing the fault of either spouse for causing the divorce. Grounds for a no-fault divorce in New Jersey may be "irreconcilable differences", or similar grounds.
In addition to no-fault grounds for divorce, New Jersey is a fault divorce state which provides the option to file for a traditional at-fault divorce. Suing for an at-fault divorce alleges that the filer's spouse is the cause of the divorce due to engaging in one of New Jersey's at-fault divorce grounds, such as adultery, abuse, or insanity.
In some cases, an at-fault divorce is pursued because it can entitle the suing spouse to a greater share of marital property or even punitive alimony payments if their partner's fault is proven. If their spouse contests these allegations, they may be challenged in court, which can lead to a lengthy and expensive legal process.
Yes, New Jersey does allow incompatibility to be used as grounds for having a divorce.
In divorce law, "living seperate and apart" refers to married spouses who are living separate from each other, not engaging in a traditional marital relationship, and do not intend to repair the marriage.
In New Jersey, married couples who have been living separate and apart for a minimum of eighteen months may be granted a divorce on these grounds when sued for by either spouse.
Legal separation (otherwise known as "judicial separation") is a legal process that enables spouses to be de facto separated while remaining legally married.
In some cases, New Jersey will grant a judicial separation court order to a married couple who wishes to live separately. This order may settle issues generally handled in a divorce such as property division and alimony. A legal separation may be followed up by a full divorce, or the spouses may later reconcile and end the separation while remaining legally married.
What's the difference between a divorce and an annulment in New Jersey?
While a divorce is the process of exiting a legally valid marriage, an annulment is the process of rendering a marriage null and void. An annulment makes it legally as if a marriage never took place to begin with.
Generally, annulment is used to conclude a marriage that should not have been legally recognized in the first place, such as a marriage where one of the spouses was unable to consent (by virtue of being underage, due to mental incapacity, or even intoxication), a marriage that was entered into under duress or via fraudulent means, or when one of the spouses was already legally married.
The state of New Jersey requires that spouses suing for divorce to have lived in the state for a minimum of twelve months prior to filing divorce papers. Otherwise, New Jersey courts are not considered to have jurisdiction over the divorce case.
The court fees for filing the paperwork for a basic divorce in a New Jersey court is $250.00. However, the total costs for a divorce can be much higher - especially in the case of a contested divorce, where attorney fees and mediation costs average from $15,000 to $20,000 or more.
If the process moves along without holdups, the paperwork for a divorce in New Jersey can be processed in a minimum of 360 days. However, if the spouses are not in agreement about the divorce process, a contested divorce can take significantly longer.
Even if one spouse is opposed to getting a divorce, they cannot stop their partner from filing for and receiving a divorce in New Jersey. While filing a non-contested joint petition for divorce speeds up the process, either spouse can file for divorce individually at any time.
New Jersey permits spouses to sue for an at-fault divorce, and in this case their partner can contest the allegations in court. A non-fault petition for divorce, however, can generally not be contested by an unwilling spouse in New Jersey.
New Jersey has no mandatory waiting period between the finalization of a divorce and either of the ex-spouses getting remarried. Remarriage following a divorce may affect the continued payment of alimony.
According to the most recent CDC study, the yearly divorce rate in New Jersey is 6 per 1,000 total population. The national divorce rate is 6.9 per 1,000 total population. Various studies suggest that nationwide, 30% to 50% of all marriages end in divorce.
Since same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide in 2015, all states that previously did not allow same sex marriages, including New Jersey, are required by federal law to perform both same sex marriages and same sex divorces. In some cases, court forms or procedures may still need to be updated to support same sex couples.
| State Law Official Text
Section(s):
N.J. STAT. ANN. § 2A:34-2N.J. STAT. ANN. § 2A:34-3N.J. STAT. ANN. § 2A:34-10
2A:34-2. Divorce from the bond of matrimony may be adjudged for the following causes heretofore or hereafter arising:
a.Adultery;
b.Willful and continued desertion for the term of 12 or more months, which may be established by satisfactory proof that the parties have ceased to cohabit as man and wife;
c.Extreme cruelty, which is defined as including any physical or mental cruelty which endangers the safety or health of the plaintiff or makes it improper or unreasonable to expect the plaintiff to continue to cohabit with the defendant; provided that no complaint for divorce shall be filed until after 3 months from the date of the last act of cruelty complained of in the complaint, but this provision shall not be held to apply to any counterclaim;
d.Separation, provided that the husband and wife have lived separate and apart in different habitations for a period of at least 18 or more consecutive months and there is no reasonable prospect of reconciliation; provided, further that after the 18-month period there shall be a presumption that there is no reasonable prospect of reconciliation;
e.Voluntarily induced addiction or habituation to any narcotic drug as defined in the New Jersey Controlled Dangerous Substances Act, P.L.1970, c.226 or habitual drunkenness for a period of 12 or more consecutive months subsequent to marriage and next preceding the filing of the complaint;
f.Institutionalization for mental illness for a period of 24 or more consecutive months subsequent to marriage and next preceding the filing of the complaint;
g.Imprisonment of the defendant for 18 or more consecutive months after marriage, provided that where the action is not commenced until after the defendant's release, the parties have not resumed cohabitation following such imprisonment;
h.Deviant sexual conduct voluntarily performed by the defendant without the consent of the plaintiff;
i.Irreconcilable differences which have caused the breakdown of the marriage for a period of six months and which make it appear that the marriage should be dissolved and that there is no reasonable prospect of reconciliation.
2A:34-3. Causes for divorce from bed and board or legal separation from partner in a civil union couple.
a.Divorce from bed and board may be adjudged for the same causes as divorce from the bonds of matrimony whenever both parties petition or join in requesting such relief and they or either of them present sufficient proof of such cause or causes to warrant the entry of a judgment of divorce from the bonds of matrimony, provided further that in the case of a reconciliation thereafter the parties may apply for a revocation or suspension of the judgment, and provided further that the granting of a bed and board divorce shall in no way prejudice either party from thereafter applying to the court for a conversion of said divorce to a divorce from the bonds of matrimony, which application shall be granted as a matter of right.
b.Legal separation from a partner in a civil union couple may be adjudged for the same causes as dissolution of a civil union whenever both parties petition or join in requesting such relief and they or either of them present sufficient proof of such cause or causes to warrant the entry of a judgment of dissolution of a civil union, provided further that in the case of a reconciliation thereafter the parties may apply for a revocation or suspension of the judgment, and provided further that the granting of a legal separation from a partner in a civil union couple shall in no way prejudice either party from thereafter applying to the court for a conversion of said legal separation from a partner in a civil union couple to a dissolution of a civil union, which application shall be granted as a matter of right.
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Musicians will be paid directly for broadcasts of their work on Internet, cable and satellite shows in the US rather than having money siphoned through their record companies.
A landmark deal has been struck between representatives of the musicians and record companies. Until now anything earned has been collected by the record company and then distributed. Now, both sides have agreed to take an equal share in the control of SoundExchange, an organisation that will track and gather royalties raised from digital broadcasts. BBC reports that $5.2million (£3.5million) was paid by SoundExchange to artists and other copyright holders on October 15. The deal is sure to have a knock-on effect for the UK.
Groups that signed the agreement include the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America), a recording industry trade group, The American Federation of Television And Radio Artists and The American Federation of Musicians. Representatives of both the music industry and Internet broadcasters have also now called for an arbitration panel to rule on the size of web royalties due to artists.


text:
Territory Switch Lesotho
Trademark - Lesotho
Select a route
Different ways to protect your trademark in Lesotho
National Filing
Effective protection for local businesses
ARIPO - Banjul Protocol
Effective protection in ARIPO covered countries
(how long until a trademark is granted may vary)
periods of 10 years
IP Office
Duration: 10 years from the date of filling.
Deed of assignment, simply signed, with a verified English translation..
Certificate of change of name, with verified English translation.
License agreement, notarized with a verified English translation.
How to stay on top of trademark oppositions in Lesotho
Lesotho has been a signatory member of the Paris Convention since 1989. In 1999 it ratified the Madrid Agreement and Protocol and on that same year the Banjul Protocol on Marks within the framework of the African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation (ARIPO). There are thus three routes to obtaining registration of a trademark in Lesotho: nationally – directly with the national IP registry; regionally – via ARIPO; and internationally – via the Madrid Protocol. Upon filing an application and subsequent to the formal examination conducted by the Lesotho Trademark Registry, Article 28(4) of Industrial Property Order 5/1989 (as amended by Act 4/1997) determines that: "[a]ny interested person may, within the prescribed period and in the prescribed manner, give notice to the Registrar of opposition to the registration of the mark on grounds that one or more of the requirements of section 2, relating to the definition of a mark, and section 26(2) and the regulations pertaining thereto are not fulfilled." Article 51 of the Industrial Property Regulations 1989 establishes that after filing an opposition the defendant then has two months to state, in writing the grounds upon which the applicant relies for his application and accompanied by supporting evidence if any". It then has the opportunity to request a hearing "at any time after the filing of notice of opposition but not later than one month after the expire of the prescribed period for filing the counter-statement. The Registrar shall give the parties at least one month's written notice of the date set for the hearing." The law establishes that the Lesotho Trademark Registry is obliged to publish regional and international trademark applications for opposition purposes. However, this is not current practice – in actuality, the registry publishes only national trademark applications. This means that applicants for international and regional trademark registrations that designate Lesotho – as well as interested third parties – must rely on the publications of ARIPO and WIPO and then file their oppositions accordingly before the Lesotho Trademark Registry. The opposition period of two months starts when the international registration is advertised by WIPO or when the regional registration is published in ARIPO's Bulletin. This is a co-published article, which was originally published in the World Trademark Review (WTR).


text:
DVD rentals thriving in Lima area
Business, Top Stories
By Camri Nelson - cnelson@limanews.com
Family Video Regional Vice President Bill Mohler and Family Video employee Eden Allison browse through DVD selection at the Family Video on 733 S. Cable Road, Lima.
Camri Nelson | The Lima News
LIMA — Although over the last decade the entertainment business has become more digitized, the DVD industry remains a niche in the Lima region due to the rental experience, according to Bill Mohler, family video regional vice president.
Over the last decade, DVD rental companies have closed across the country.
Family Video is the only DVD rental store that remains in the Lima area with two locations in Lima on Cable and Cole Streets and one in Wapakoneta. As of 2018, Family Video has approximately 700 locations with an inventory of close to 10,000 DVDs.
When the first store opened in 1978, it was the first movie rental company in the country. Now 40 years later, as companies have competed with the advent of online streaming and DVD disc rental kiosks, the company is still profitable.
"When other rental businesses have gone out of business people assume that there is something wrong with the business," said Mohler. "They assume that companies went out of business because of streaming, but that's only part of it. Physical media is still incredibly popular which is evident by the number of video stores, kiosks, Red Boxes, Walmarts or any other place that sells media."
Besides the fact that media is still popular among consumers, Mohler said one of the main reasons Family Video has stayed in business as long as it has is because consumers still prefer what he calls the "rental experience."
"The rental experience is really what people are looking for more than the movie," said Mohler. "The rental experience is an opportunity to go to a place where you enjoy and wandering around. For us the video stores are still an event and it's still an experience for the customer on a Friday night when they need something to do."
Family Video is not the only place in Lima where consumers can enjoy the "rental experience."
The Lima Public Library on 650 W. Market St. has a selection of over 2,000 free new and old DVDs rentals for library card holders.
"We pretty much offer all genres from Christian movies, dramas, comedies, documentaries, blockbusters and independent movies," said Faith Barrow, Lima Public Library librarian. "We try to keep a diverse collection."
From August 2017-2018 the Lima Public Library branches had a circulation of 133,343 DVDs, according to Barrow.
"We definitely get a lot of requests for DVDS," said Barrow. "People in the community are definitely aware that we offer these services. That helps in regards to driving requests as well as circulation numbers."
Despite the fact that there are consumers who still enjoy the "rental experience," in 2018 electronic rental sales are $320 million above DVD rentals in the United States, according to Statista.com.
"It would be crazy to say that the online streaming business doesn't impact the influx of customers, because it does," said Mohler. "It's not the heydays of the '90s or the early 2000s when it was the only element out there, but at the same time consumer's demands have increased."
Despite the decline in rental sales the company has not raised its prices. The company still offers specials like free kid movies, $1 movies, two movies for a $1, and new releases for $2.99. Also grade school, high school and college students can get free movies for A's they receive on their report cards.
"We have not adjusted our prices to try to compete because streaming is actually more expensive," said Mohler.
Although online streaming has become an option for consumers who want to watch television shows or movies, Mohler said there are consumers who still prefer DVDs because its affordable and has better quality.
"All you have to do is ask people how well their internet is," said Mohler. "For some people it's just not affordable to get internet services they need to have a good experience, so we continue to be the affordable way to watch movies."
Netflix, an online entertainment streaming business with over 130 million subscribers, is one of the online streaming services that Mohler said is not affordable for all consumers. Netflix subscriptions range from $7.99 for the basic plan to $13.99 for the premium plan.
"Netflix is available, but it does not have the newest movies," said Mohler. "Netflix is great for the older stuff but they do not have the newest movies and there's an expense that goes along with it. Online streaming services are not our competitors. Our competitor is actually the cable company because it's more common in American homes."
To accommodate the needs of consumers who cannot afford Netflix, the Lima Public Library branches rents out Rokus, digital media players. For two weeks, library card holders can watch Netflix on the device for free through the library's account.
The library also offers library card holders access to Hoopla, a digital streaming website. Through the library's account library card holders can watch free movies and listen to digital albums.
"Everything that we have is completely free," said Barrow. "You can come in and see a movie that has recently been released all for free."
Although there are places like the library that offer both physical and digital entertainment, Family Video has ultimately thrived because of its involved in the community, according to Mohler.
Every winter the business gives away turkeys to less fortunate families and every April it raises over $1 million for the Lymphoma Research Foundation.
"I think that we have always tried to be the neighbor and create value and experience and if there is anything that has kept us around this long is the fact that we have built relationships with our communities."
Mohler admits that he is unsure of the direction of the video industry but is confident that Family Video will continue to thrive.
"Who knows what the future of video will be, but there will always be video stores around," said Mohler. "There will always be customers who want to come in to enjoy that 'rental experience'."
https://www.limaohio.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/54/2018/08/web1_Family-Video.jpgFamily Video Regional Vice President Bill Mohler and Family Video employee Eden Allison browse through DVD selection at the Family Video on 733 S. Cable Road, Lima. Camri Nelson | The Lima News
By Camri Nelson
cnelson@limanews.com
Reach Camri Nelson at 567-242-0456 or on Twitter @CamriNews
Hi! A visitor to our site felt the following article might be of interest to you: DVD rentals thriving in Lima area. Here is a link to that story: https://www.limaohio.com/top-stories/314415/dvd-rentals-thriving-in-lima-area


Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › Courts of Appeals › Ninth Circuit › 2019 › Wadler v. Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
Bio-Rad and its CEO appealed a jury verdict in favor of the company's former general counsel finding that defendants violated the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), the Dodd-Frank Act, and California public policy by terminating general counsel's employment in retaliation. General counsel produced an internal report that he believed Bio-Rad had engaged in serious and prolonged violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in China.
The Ninth Circuit vacated in part and held that the district court erred by instructing the jury that statutory provisions of the FCPA constitute rules or regulations of the SEC for purposes of whether general counsel engaged in protected activity under section 806 of the SOX. However, the panel rejected Bio-Rad's argument that no properly instructed jury could return a SOX verdict in favor of general counsel. The panel held that the district court's SOX instructional error was harmless and affirmed as to the California public policy claim. The panel remanded for further consideration.
Court Description: Labor Law The panel vacated in part the district court's judgment after a jury trial, affirmed in part, and remanded in a whistleblower retaliation suit. The jury found that Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., and its CEO violated the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, and California public policy by terminating the employment of Bio-Rad's former general counsel, Sanford Wadler, in retaliation for his internal report that he believed the company had engaged in violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in China. Vacating the SOX verdict, the panel held that the district court erred in instructing the jury that statutory provisions of the FCPA constitute rules or regulations of the SEC for purposes of whether Wadler engaged in protected activity under SOX § 806. Because a properly instructed jury could return a SOX verdict in favor of Wadler, the panel remanded for the district court to determine whether a new trial was warranted. With respect to Wadler's California public policy claim, the panel concluded that the district court's SOX instructional error was harmless and therefore affirmed the verdict and corresponding damages as to that claim.
FOR PUBLICATION UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT SANFORD S. WADLER, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC., a Delaware Corporation; NORMAN SCHWARTZ, Defendants-Appellants. No. 17-16193 D.C. No. 3:15-cv-02356JCS OPINION Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Joseph C. Spero, Magistrate Judge, Presiding Argued and Submitted November 14, 2018 San Francisco, California Filed February 26, 2019 Before: Susan P. Graber and Mark J. Bennett, Circuit Judges, and Leslie E. Kobayashi, * District Judge. Opinion by Judge Bennett * The Honorable Leslie E. Kobayashi, United States District Judge for the District of Hawaii, sitting by designation. 2 WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES SUMMARY ** Labor Law The panel vacated in part the district court's judgment after a jury trial, affirmed in part, and remanded in a whistleblower retaliation suit. The jury found that Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., and its CEO violated the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, and California public policy by terminating the employment of Bio-Rad's former general counsel, Sanford Wadler, in retaliation for his internal report that he believed the company had engaged in violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in China. Vacating the SOX verdict, the panel held that the district court erred in instructing the jury that statutory provisions of the FCPA constitute rules or regulations of the SEC for purposes of whether Wadler engaged in protected activity under SOX § 806. Because a properly instructed jury could return a SOX verdict in favor of Wadler, the panel remanded for the district court to determine whether a new trial was warranted. With respect to Wadler's California public policy claim, the panel concluded that the district court's SOX instructional error was harmless and therefore affirmed the verdict and corresponding damages as to that claim. ** This summary constitutes no part of the opinion of the court. It has been prepared by court staff for the convenience of the reader. WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES 3 Addressing additional issues in a contemporaneouslyfiled memorandum disposition, the panel also vacated the district court's Dodd-Frank verdict and remanded. COUNSEL Kathleen M. Sullivan (argued) and William B. Adams, Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan LLP, New York, New York; Karin Kramer, Andrew P. March, and John M. Potter, Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP, San Francisco, California; for Defendants-Appellants. Michael John von Loewenfeldt (argued), Kenneth P. Nabity, and James M. Wagstaffe, Kerr & Wagstffe LLP, San Francisco, California, for Plaintiff-Appellee. OPINION BENNETT, Circuit Judge: In this whistleblower retaliation case, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. ("Bio-Rad" or "the Company") and its CEO, Norman Schwartz, appeal an $11 million jury verdict in favor of Bio-Rad's former general counsel, Sanford Wadler. 1 The jury found that Defendants violated the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ("SOX"), the Dodd-Frank Act, and California public policy by terminating Wadler's employment in retaliation for his internal report that he believed the Company had engaged in serious and prolonged 1 We refer to the Defendants collectively as "Bio-Rad" except when necessary to distinguish between them. 4 WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA") in China. On appeal, Defendants argue that the district court erred by instructing the jury that statutory provisions of the FCPA constitute "rule[s] or regulation[s] of the Securities and Exchange Commission" ("SEC") for purposes of whether Wadler engaged in "protected activity" under SOX § 806, 18 U.S.C. § 1514A(a). We agree. We reject, however, BioRad's argument that no properly instructed jury could return a SOX verdict in favor of Wadler. Accordingly, we vacate the SOX verdict and remand for the district court to determine whether a new trial is warranted. With respect to Wadler's California public policy claim, by contrast, we conclude that the district court's SOX instructional error was harmless and therefore we affirm the verdict and corresponding damages as to that claim. In a memorandum disposition filed this date, we conclude that the instructional error was not harmless as to the SOX claim. We also reject Bio-Rad's challenges to the district court's evidentiary rulings and the sufficiency of the evidence. Finally, we vacate with instructions to enter judgment in favor of Bio-Rad as to the Dodd-Frank claim in light of Digital Realty Trust, Inc. v. Somers, 138 S. Ct. 767, 778 (2018), which held that Dodd-Frank does not apply to purely internal reports. We therefore also vacate the portion of damages attributable solely to the Dodd-Frank verdict, approximately $2.96 million plus interest. Accordingly, we vacate in part, affirm in part, and remand for consideration of whether a new trial is warranted as to the SOX claim. WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES 5 I. We must view the evidence at trial in the light most favorable to the verdict. Shafer v. Cty. of Santa Barbara, 868 F.3d 1110, 1115 (9th Cir. 2017), cert. denied, 138 S. Ct. 2582 (2018). Because the jury returned a verdict in favor of Wadler on all claims, we review the pertinent facts adduced at trial in the light most favorable to him. A. The trial centered on a memorandum that Wadler delivered to the Audit Committee of Bio-Rad's Board of Directors in February 2013 (the "Audit Committee Memo" or "Memo") and Schwartz's subsequent decision to terminate Wadler's employment in June 2013. Wadler stated in the Memo that he believed Bio-Rad employees in China had violated the FCPA's bribery and books-andrecords provisions, and that senior management was likely complicit. The factual basis for the Memo, and Wadler's reasons for writing it, can be traced back to 2009. In that year, BioRad's internal audit team discovered that Bio-Rad salesmen in Vietnam and Thailand had engaged in potential FCPA violations. At Wadler's recommendation, Bio-Rad hired FCPA attorney Patrick Norton of Steptoe & Johnson to investigate. Norton reported his findings to Bio-Rad's Board of Directors in September 2011. Specifically, Norton reported that he had found evidence that Bio-Rad employees were violating the FCPA's bribery and books-and-records provisions in Vietnam, Thailand, and Russia. As for China, Norton reported several "red flags," including "[v]ery high, unexplained commissions" and a "history of widespread 6 WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES corruption" in the country's medical products market. Norton reported, however, that "no evidence of improper payments" had been found to date in China. In June 2012, Wadler and Schwartz received the results of a sales documentation audit that had been initiated at the request of Bio-Rad's licensor, Life Technologies, Inc. ("Life Tech"). The audit, which covered the years 2006 to 2010, revealed that Bio-Rad owed Life Tech around $30 million in royalty obligations due to Bio-Rad's missing documentation of end-user prices for products primarily in the Chinese market. Wadler and John Cassingham, an in-house patent lawyer who reported to Wadler, repeatedly attempted to obtain the missing sales documents from China. In November 2012, Cassingham finally succeeded in obtaining a complete set of documents for a single transaction and sent those documents to Wadler. Wadler testified that Cassingham thought the documents showed bribery. Wadler further testified that he subsequently told Schwartz about the potential bribery, but Schwartz responded that he was not going to do anything about it. Wadler's concerns increased as he and Cassingham spoke to other employees. In December 2012, for example, a senior Bio-Rad manager in China told Wadler that he had never visited one of Bio-Rad's main distributors to look for documents, despite the distributor's failure to comply with Bio-Rad's documentation requests. A different Bio-Rad employee in China later told Cassingham (who in turn told Wadler) about a widespread "under the covers" scheme in which cover sheets on import/export documents were used to show the official number of products while the shipments themselves were padded with free extra products. Wadler later obtained around 160 sets of Chinese sales documents, WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES 7 thirty percent of which showed the product-padding pattern that fit the description of the "under the covers" scheme. In January 2013, Wadler discovered that Bio-Rad employees in China had entered into unauthorized contracts with distributors. In the course of investigating those contracts, Wadler learned that they were not accurate translations of approved English-language distributor contracts, but had instead been translated from an earlier template that did not include FCPA compliance provisions. Wadler's junior attorneys also informed him that the contracts provided for unauthorized "incentives payable in free product – between 1–3% of sales if [salesmen] achieved certain targets," with a "financial impact of . . . approximately one million dollars." B. On February 8, 2013, Wadler delivered the Memo to the Audit Committee, reporting his belief that there were "serious and prolonged violations of the FCPA in Bio-Rad's business in China." Wadler listed several sources of concern: (1) a free-product scheme that "suggest[ed] several possibilities for bribery"; (2) Bio-Rad's inability to obtain documents for the Life Tech audit, which "could itself be considered a substantive and clear violation of [the FCPA's] books and records requirements"; and (3) the Chinese distributor contracts without FCPA compliance language. Wadler concluded that "these practices [we]re endemic and that high levels of management within the company had to know they were happening," which, he continued, was why he had not yet discussed his concerns with senior management (including Schwartz). Wadler recommended that Bio-Rad "promptly conduct an in depth investigation into business practices in China" 8 WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES and that the Company report his suspicions to the government and to the Company's auditors. The Company's duty to report was "especially true," he wrote, because it had "meetings scheduled with the government agencies in late February to discuss the 'tone at the top' in relationship to penalties for the violations in Vietnam, Russia, Thailand and Brazil." Wadler opined that it "would deeply prejudice how the government would view the company if we had discussions about 'tone at the top' knowing that there [were] potentially serious additional violations that were being withheld." C. In response to the Memo, the Audit Committee authorized Wadler to hire Davis Polk & Wardwell to investigate his concerns. On February 20, 2013, the Chairman of the Audit Committee told Schwartz about the Memo. Two days later Schwartz informed the head of BioRad's human resources department that Wadler had "been acting a little bizarre lately" and that Schwartz might "want to put him on an administrative leave." By March, Schwartz had become "entirely frustrated" with Wadler but believed that "he must stay in place until [an] FCPA settlement" with the government was final. Davis Polk reported the findings of its investigation to Bio-Rad's Board of Directors on June 4, 2013. Davis Polk found that there was "no evidence to date of any violation— or attempted violation—of the FCPA" in China. Schwartz fired Wadler three days later. Bio-Rad later paid the government a total of $55 million to resolve its investigation into FCPA issues in Vietnam, Thailand, and Russia. Nothing was paid as a result of any FCPA issues in China. WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES 9 II. In May 2015, Wadler brought this action for compensatory and punitive damages against the Company and Schwartz. As relevant here, Wadler alleged violations of SOX and Dodd-Frank as to both Defendants, and a violation of California public policy under Tameny v. Atlantic Richfield Co., 610 P.2d 1330, 1336–37 (Cal. 1980) (the "Tameny" claim) against the Company only. The case proceeded to a jury trial in January 2017. At trial, Wadler set out to prove that Schwartz fired him in retaliation for reporting alleged FCPA violations to the Audit Committee, while Bio-Rad attempted to show that Wadler was fired due to his poor performance and dysfunctional relationship with management. Bio-Rad also tried to show that Wadler wrote the Memo only because he was concerned about his job security, and that it would have been unreasonable for a general counsel in Wadler's position to believe that the Company had violated the FCPA in China. At the close of trial, the judge gave several jury instructions concerning when an employee engages in "protected activity" for purposes of SOX, Tameny, and Dodd-Frank. For each of the three claims, the instructions stated that Wadler had to prove he engaged in protected activity under SOX, which in turn depended on whether he disclosed conduct that he reasonably believed violated a "rule or regulation of the" SEC. The main instruction at issue in this appeal, Instruction 21, stated that, under "the rules and regulations of the [SEC] applicable to Bio-Rad," it is unlawful to (1) bribe a foreign official; (2) fail to keep accurate and reasonably detailed books and records; 10 WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES (3) knowingly falsify books and records; and (4) knowingly circumvent a system of internal accounting controls. 2 The jury returned a verdict in favor of Wadler on all three claims. As to all three claims in general, the jury awarded Wadler $2.96 million in compensatory damages for past economic loss against both Defendants. The district court doubled that amount under Dodd-Frank's doubling provision, 15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(h)(1)(C)(ii), resulting in a total award of $5.92 million plus interest against Schwartz. Because the jury also awarded Wadler $5 million in punitive damages against the Company based on the Tameny claim, the total award against the Company was $10.92 million plus interest. Bio-Rad subsequently filed a renewed motion for judgment as a matter of law ("JMOL") and a motion for new trial. Bio-Rad argued, inter alia, that Wadler's disclosure of alleged FCPA violations was not protected activity under SOX because provisions of the FCPA, a statute, do not constitute SEC rules or regulations for purposes of SOX § 806. The district court denied Bio-Rad's motions. The court concluded that the FCPA is a "rule or regulation of the SEC" for purposes of SOX because "the FCPA is an amendment to the Securities . . . Exchange Act of 1934 and is codified within it." This appeal followed. III. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 over the appeal of the denial of a motion for new trial and renewed 2 For simplicity, throughout this opinion we refer to the books-andrecords provisions listed in paragraphs two and three of Instruction 21, and the internal accounting controls provision in paragraph four of Instruction 21, collectively as the "books-and-records" provisions. WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES 11 motion for JMOL, and the district court's interlocutory rulings at trial. See Hall v. City of Los Angeles, 697 F.3d 1059, 1070 (9th Cir. 2012). The district court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1367. We review de novo whether a jury instruction correctly states the law. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838 (9th Cir. 2014). The denial of a motion for JMOL is also reviewed de novo, Castro v. Cty. of Los Angeles, 833 F.3d 1060, 1066 (9th Cir. 2016), and the denial of a motion for new trial is reviewed for abuse of discretion, Crowley v. Epicept Corp., 883 F.3d 739, 748 (9th Cir. 2018) (per curiam). We review de novo questions of statutory interpretation. California v. Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel, 898 F.3d 960, 964 (9th Cir. 2018). IV. A. The SOX Claim Section 806 of SOX prohibits publicly traded companies from retaliating against an employee who lawfully reports any conduct which the employee reasonably believes constitutes a violation of [18 U.S.C.] section 1341 [mail fraud], 1343 [wire fraud], 1344 [bank fraud], or 1348 [securities fraud], any rule or regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or any provision of Federal law relating to fraud against shareholders . . . . 18 U.S.C. § 1514A(a)(1). The question before us is whether the district court erred by instructing the jury that, for purposes of § 806, rules or regulations of the SEC include the FCPA's books-and-records provisions, 15 U.S.C. 12 WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES § 78m(b)(5), (2)(A), and anti-bribery provision, id. § 78dd1(a). We conclude that the court erred. However, because a properly instructed jury could return a verdict in Wadler's favor, we vacate the SOX verdict and remand for the district court to consider whether a new trial is appropriate in light of our decision to affirm the Tameny verdict. 1. As a threshold matter, we consider whether Bio-Rad's claim of instructional error is properly before us with respect to paragraphs two through four of Instruction 21 concerning books and records. Wadler argues that Bio-Rad invited error or waived the books-and-records part of its claim, in light of Bio-Rad's shifting positions in the district court. Bio-Rad correctly conceded in the district court, and continues to concede on appeal, that one of the FCPA books-and-records provisions in Instruction 21 is also an SEC regulation within the scope of § 806. See 17 C.F.R. § 240.13b2-1 ("No person shall directly or indirectly, falsify or cause to be falsified, any book, record or account . . . ."). At times, however, BioRad appeared to abandon a challenge to all three books-andrecords provisions listed in Instruction 21 by targeting only the FCPA anti-bribery provision. Although Bio-Rad's position was not always clear, we conclude that its actions did not rise to the level of invited error or waiver. As for invited error, Bio-Rad originally objected to the jury instructions on the ground that reporting any FCPA violation is not SOX-protected activity. Although Bio-Rad narrowed its objection at one point to only the anti-bribery portion of the instructions, Bio-Rad expressly preserved its original objection at the final jury instructions conference. The district court then stated that Bio-Rad's position that a statute is not a rule or regulation for purposes of § 806 was "very clear." On this record, we cannot say that Bio-Rad WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES 13 was responsible for any error in the jury instructions. See Sovak v. Chugai Pharm. Co., 280 F.3d 1266, 1270 (9th Cir.), amended by 289 F.3d 615 (9th Cir. 2002). Bio-Rad also raised its present claim in the JMOL briefing such that it is not waived on appeal. Bio-Rad specifically argued, in its JMOL motion, that the FCPA is not a rule or regulation of the SEC because it is a statute. Even if Bio-Rad again limited the scope of that argument to the anti-bribery context in its renewed JMOL motion, the district court addressed the merits of the basic issue before us now: whether any FCPA provision can be a rule or regulation of the SEC for purposes of § 806. Accordingly, that issue is properly before us. See True Health Chiropractic, Inc. v. McKesson Corp., 896 F.3d 923, 930 (9th Cir. 2018), petition for cert. filed, ___ U.S.L.W. ___ (U.S. Jan. 25, 2019) (No. 18-987); see also Tarabochia v. Adkins, 766 F.3d 1115, 1128 n.12 (9th Cir. 2014) ("[E]ven if a party fails to raise an issue in the district court, we generally will not deem the issue waived if the district court actually considered it."). We therefore proceed to the merits of the issue raised on appeal: whether Instruction 21 erroneously listed the FCPA's anti-bribery and books-and-records-provisions as "rules or regulations of the SEC" under SOX § 806. 2. In construing the provisions of a statute, "we begin with well-settled canons of statutory interpretation." Zazzali v. United States (In re DBSI, Inc.), 869 F.3d 1004, 1010 (9th Cir. 2017). "A primary canon of statutory interpretation is that the plain language of a statute should be enforced according to its terms, in light of its context." ASARCO, LLC v. Celanese Chem. Co., 792 F.3d 1203, 1210 (9th Cir. 2015). 14 WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES We also presume that Congress acts intentionally when it uses particular wording in one part of a statute but omits it in another. Dep't of Homeland Sec. v. MacLean, 135 S. Ct. 913, 919 (2015). Thus, when a statute uses the phrase "law, rule, or regulation" in one section but uses only "law" in a different section, the word "law" does not encompass administrative rules or regulations. Id. at 919–20; Dep't of Treasury, IRS v. Fed. Labor Relations Auth., 494 U.S. 922, 931–32 (1990). Applying these principles here, we hold that § 806's text is clear: an FCPA provision is not a "rule or regulation of the [SEC]." 18 U.S.C. § 1514A(a)(1). Although the words "rule" and "regulation" could perhaps encompass a statute when read in isolation, the more natural and plain reading of these words together and in context is that they refer only to administrative rules or regulations. That the phrase "rule or regulation" is used in conjunction with an administrative agency, the SEC, suggests that it encompasses only administrative rules or regulations. Most notably, Congress uses the phrase "any rule or regulation of the [SEC]" in the same list in which it uses "any provision of Federal law relating to fraud against shareholders," id., which strongly suggests that there is a difference between the meaning of "rule or regulation" and "law." See MacLean, 135 S. Ct. at 919–20; Dep't of Treasury, IRS, 494 U.S. at 931–32. The most obvious explanation is that "law" encompasses statutes, like the FCPA, whereas "rule or regulation" does not. We reject Wadler's arguments for a different interpretation. First, Wadler argues that "rule or regulation of the SEC" should be broadly interpreted in light of SOX's remedial purpose of protecting employees who report corporate misconduct. It is a "familiar canon of statutory WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES 15 construction that remedial legislation should be construed broadly to effectuate its purposes," Tcherepnin v. Knight, 389 U.S. 332, 336 (1967), but this canon should not be "treated . . . as a substitute for a conclusion grounded in the statute's text and structure," CTS Corp. v. Waldburger, 134 S. Ct. 2175, 2185 (2014). Second, Wadler's reliance on legislative history—in the form of statements made on the Senate floor—is equally unavailing. When, as here, "a statute's language is plain and unambiguous, our inquiry ends." Christie v. Ga.-Pac. Co., 898 F.3d 952, 958 (9th Cir. 2018). In sum, statutory provisions of the FCPA, including the three books-and-records provisions and anti-bribery provision listed in Instruction 21, are not "rules or regulations of the SEC" under SOX § 806. The district court erred in instructing the jury otherwise. As noted above, in a memorandum disposition filed this date, we conclude that the instructional error was not harmless as to the SOX claim. 3. Having found error that was not harmless, we must determine the proper remedy. Bio-Rad argues that we must reverse with instructions to enter judgment in its favor because a properly instructed jury could not return a verdict for Wadler. We disagree. When a district court commits instructional error, we reverse and direct entry of judgment if "the evidence presented [at] trial would not suffice, as a matter of law, to support a jury verdict under the properly formulated [instruction]." Boyle v. United Techs. Corp., 487 U.S. 500, 513 (1988). Bio-Rad argues that there is insufficient evidence to support a verdict based on properly formulated 16 WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES instructions. Although Bio-Rad acknowledges that Instruction 21 properly lists a books-and-records falsification provision as an SEC rule or regulation in light of 17 C.F.R. § 240.13b2-1, Bio-Rad contends that there is insufficient evidence to prove that Wadler reported conduct that he reasonably believed violated that regulation. Evidence is insufficient only "if, under the governing law, there can be but one reasonable conclusion as to the verdict." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 250 (1986). Conversely, if "reasonable minds could differ as to the import of the evidence," the evidence is sufficient. Id. at 250–51. Sufficiency is a low bar, especially because "we must construe the facts in the light most favorable to the jury's verdict." Shafer, 868 F.3d at 1115 (internal quotation marks omitted). This already low bar is further lowered by the substantive law governing protected activity under § 806. See Anderson, 477 U.S. at 250. In a new trial, Wadler would not have to prove that he reported an actual violation. Van Asdale v. Int'l Game Tech., 577 F.3d 989, 1001 (9th Cir. 2009); Sylvester v. Parexel Int'l LLC, No. 07-123, 2011 WL 2517148, at *14 (Dep't of Labor May 25, 2011) (en banc). He would have to prove only that he "reasonably believed that there might have been" a violation and that he was "fired for even suggesting further inquiry." Van Asdale, 577 F.3d at 1001. We have referred to this standard as a "minimal threshold requirement." Id. Construing the facts in the light most favorable to the verdict, a jury permissibly could find that Wadler satisfied that minimal requirement. First, a reasonable jury could find that the Audit Committee Memo suggested further inquiry into whether Bio-Rad falsified books and records. The Memo described many instances in which Bio-Rad's WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES 17 shipping documents did not match the billing documents of distributors or end-users. Although a jury could find that such discrepancies did not raise books-and-records concerns, or that they did not specifically implicate the SEC's falsification regulation, a reasonable jury also could find that further inquiry was warranted with respect to falsification. Second, a reasonable jury could find that Wadler reasonably believed that Bio-Rad had falsified books and records. In a new trial, Wadler would have to prove that he subjectively believed that the conduct described in the Memo evidenced the falsification of books and records and that his belief was objectively reasonable in the circumstances. Van Asdale, 577 F.3d at 1000; Sylvester, 2011 WL 2517148, at *12. The objective reasonableness component, the only component that Bio-Rad challenges on appeal, "is evaluated based on the knowledge available to a reasonable person in the same factual circumstances with the same training and experience as the aggrieved employee." Sylvester, 2011 WL 2517148, at *12 (quoting Harp v. Charter Commc'ns, Inc., 558 F.3d 722, 723 (7th Cir. 2009)). "The reasonable belief standard requires an examination of the reasonableness of a complainant's beliefs, but not whether the complainant actually communicated the reasonableness of those beliefs to management or the authorities." Id. at *13. There is sufficient evidence to support the objective reasonableness of Wadler's belief that Bio-Rad had falsified books and records. Before he submitted the Audit Committee Memo in February 2013, Wadler was aware of Bio-Rad's FCPA issues in several countries and the numerous "red flags" in China. Wadler testified that Cassingham thought the Life Tech audit documents showed 18 WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES bribery. Wadler also testified that a Bio-Rad employee reported an "under the covers" scheme in which Bio-Rad shipped free products. Finally, Wadler discovered Chinese contracts without FCPA compliance language and with unauthorized terms providing for free product incentives. Bio-Rad argues that this evidence does not directly implicate books-and-records falsification. A reasonable jury, however, could find that a general counsel in Wadler's position reasonably believed that Bio-Rad was falsifying books and records as part of its alleged FCPA violations in China. While the evidence needed to support a whistleblower's reasonable belief will necessarily vary with the circumstances, § 806 generally does not require an employee to undertake an investigation before reporting his concerns. See Van Asdale, 577 F.3d at 1002 ("Requiring an employee to essentially prove the existence of fraud before suggesting the need for an investigation would hardly be consistent with Congress's goal of encouraging disclosure."). Such a requirement would undermine the purpose of SOX, particularly where, as here, a general counsel reports his concerns to the Board of Directors because he believes that senior management is complicit in unlawful conduct. Wadler's Audit Committee Memo prompted further investigation, and the Audit Committee's Chair testified that he thought Wadler "did a terrific job" by reporting his concerns. In these circumstances, there is sufficient evidence to support a SOX verdict under a properly formulated falsification instruction. 3 We therefore 3 Because the evidence at trial was even stronger with respect to the other FCPA provisions listed in Instruction 21, we reject Bio-Rad's argument that the district court erred by concluding that substantial evidence supports all three verdicts. WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES 19 do not reverse with instructions to direct entry of judgment in Bio-Rad's favor. Accordingly, we vacate the SOX verdict against the Company and Schwartz and remand for the district court to consider whether a new trial is warranted. In light of our decision below, affirming the Tameny verdict against the Company and the corresponding verdict for compensatory damages for past economic loss, the district court should consider whether, and to what extent, any retrial would result in an impermissible double recovery for the same injury. See California v. Chevron Corp., 872 F.2d 1410, 1414 (9th Cir. 1989). The district court may also consider any other reasons why our opinion might bar or obviate the need for a SOX retrial, or might limit the issues in such a retrial. If a new trial is warranted, the district court may consider in the first instance whether to allow a "fraud against shareholders" theory, as well as any other arguments consistent with this opinion. See, e.g., Bator v. Hawaii, 39 F.3d 1021, 1030 n.9 (9th Cir. 1994). B. The Tameny Claim We now consider Bio-Rad's challenge to the Tameny verdict. Bio-Rad argues that the SOX instructional error tainted the Tameny verdict because Wadler's engaging in protected activity under SOX was a predicate to his success on the Tameny claim. However, Wadler contends that the Tameny instruction, Instruction 27, referred to the SOXprotected activity instructions simply to tell the jury that he had to prove that he was retaliated against for reporting conduct that he reasonably believed violated the FCPA provisions in Instruction 21—not because SOX itself was a necessary part of his Tameny theory at trial. We agree with Wadler. 20 WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES Under California law, a Tameny claim must rely on a "fundamental public policy" that is "tethered to" a constitutional or statutory provision. Green v. Ralee Eng'g Co., 960 P.2d 1046, 1048–49 (Cal. 1998). The California Supreme Court has not decided whether SOX or the relevant FCPA provisions are tethered to a fundamental public policy for purposes of Tameny. Because the parties do not dispute those questions, we will not decide them either. 4 Instead, we assume without deciding that a plaintiff may state a Tameny claim by alleging that he was retaliated against (1) for engaging in SOX-protected activity or (2) for reporting conduct that he reasonably believed violated the FCPA's bribery or books-and-records provisions, regardless of whether that report is protected by SOX. See id. at 1051 (recognizing that Tameny protects reporting "a statutory violation for the public's benefit"); id. at 1059 ("[A]n employee need not prove an actual violation of law; it suffices if the employer fired him for reporting his 'reasonably based suspicions' of illegal activity."); Collier v. Superior Court, 279 Cal. Rptr. 453, 458 (Ct. App. 1991) (recognizing that Tameny protects reporting bribery). Wadler properly raised a Tameny theory based on a fundamental public policy tied to the FCPA, which was independent of his claim under SOX. To begin with, the Tameny portion of Wadler's complaint referenced both the FCPA and SOX. And, like his complaint, the first version of Wadler's proposed Tameny instruction referenced both SOX and the FCPA. Most notably, just before trial, Bio-Rad proposed a Tameny instruction that did not reference SOX at 4 Indeed, as we explain below, Bio-Rad proposed a jury instruction in the district court suggesting that it accepted that the relevant FCPA provisions are tethered to a fundamental public policy for purposes of Tameny. WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES 21 all: "The plaintiff has the burden of proving . . . [t]hat BioRad discharged Plaintiff for making a report of what the Plaintiff in good faith and reasonably believed was an FCPA violation." The judge then proposed a Tameny instruction (Instruction 27) referencing only SOX. However, there is nothing to suggest that the judge did so in order to remove an FCPA-based Tameny theory from the case. To the contrary, all available evidence indicates that the Tameny instruction referred to protected activity under SOX simply to present the jury with a single factual theory of Tameny liability, which the parties understood could be based on a fundamental public policy tied to either SOX or the FCPA. As Wadler acknowledged in the district court, and as BioRad recognizes on appeal, there was "complete overlap between the type of protected activity involved in [Wadler's Tameny] claim and his claim under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act." Considering the structure of the final jury instructions and the record as a whole, we conclude that Wadler presented the jury with a single factual theory of Tameny liability, which turned on his report of alleged FCPA violations and was not dependent on his claim under SOX. Instruction 27 (the Tameny instruction) was the first in a chain of cross-references that ultimately made the success of Wadler's Tameny claim dependent on whether Bio-Rad retaliated against him for reporting conduct that he reasonably believed violated the FCPA. Instruction 27 told jurors that, to prevail on his Tameny claim, Wadler had to prove that a motivating reason for his discharge was engaging in protected activity under SOX. It then referred jurors to the SOX instructions in order to determine if his activity was protected. Notably, jurors were instructed that, to prevail on a Tameny claim, Wadler had to believe that one of the 22 WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES provisions listed in Instruction 21 (captioned "The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act") had been violated. Instruction 21 listed provisions of the FCPA: it is unlawful to (1) bribe a foreign official; (2) fail to keep accurate and reasonably detailed books and records; (3) knowingly falsify books and records; and (4) knowingly circumvent a system of internal accounting controls. Although this Instruction was erroneous to the extent that it told jurors that a violation of the FCPA was a rule or regulation of the SEC for the purposes of SOX, as discussed supra, there is no dispute that Instruction 21 correctly described the provisions of the FCPA. See 15 U.S.C. § 78dd-1(a) (anti-bribery); id. § 78m(b)(2)(A) (keeping accurate books and records) & (b)(5) ("knowingly circumvent . . . a system of internal accounting controls" and "knowingly falsify any book, record, or account."). Thus, on the Tameny claim, jurors were instructed that Wadler had to show that he had reasonably believed Bio-Rad violated the provisions of the FCPA listed in Instruction 21 and that Bio-Rad discharged him for disclosing that belief. Assuming, as we must, that the jury correctly followed the cross-references in the instructions, Westinghouse Elec. Corp. v. Gen. Circuit Breaker & Elec. Supply Inc., 106 F.3d 894, 901 (9th Cir. 1997), it necessarily found that Bio-Rad violated Tameny with respect to the alleged FCPA violations. We have repeatedly held that an instructional error is harmless when the jury necessarily would have reached the same verdict under a proper instruction. See Snyder v. Freight, Constr., Gen. Drivers, Warehousemen & Helpers, Local No. 287, 175 F.3d 680, 688–89, 688 n.12 (9th Cir. 1999); United States v. Washington, 106 F.3d 1488, 1490 (9th Cir. 1997) (per curiam); Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 106 F.3d at 902. In these circumstances, the SOX instructional error was harmless as to the Tameny verdict WADLER V. BIO-RAD LABORATORIES 23 because Wadler's Tameny claim—that Bio-Rad retaliated against him for reporting conduct that he reasonably believed violated the FCPA—did not depend on SOX. V. In sum, on the SOX claim, we VACATE and REMAND for the district court to consider whether a new trial is warranted. On the Tameny claim, we AFFIRM the jury's verdict, which is against the Company only. We also AFFIRM the corresponding award of compensatory and punitive damages against the Company, except for the portion of damages attributable to Dodd-Frank's doubling provision. As discussed in the memorandum filed this date, we VACATE the Dodd-Frank verdict with instructions to the district court to enter judgment in favor of the Company and Schwartz on that claim. VACATED in part, AFFIRMED in part, and REMANDED. The parties shall bear their own costs on appeal.
The district court erred by instructing the jury that statutory provisions of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act constitute rules or regulations of the SEC for purposes of whether general counsel engaged in protected activity under section 806 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.


Kirkbymoorside and Jamie Harper made light work of their game against Sewerby 3rds, as they won by nine wickets in division A of the Derwent Valley League.
Harper's fine figures of 4-6 took out Sewerby for just 24 and this target was passed by Kirkby without too much effort.
Filey 2nds came out on top in their game against Wold Newton 2nds, winning by 87 runs.
Nathan Vernon hit 48 and Lewis Adams 82 as Filey reached 202, despite Gordon Taylor's 6-25 and Adam Lee's 3-11.
Wold Newton's top-scorer was the 49 extraas given away by Filey, as Danny Kaye's 4-21 helped reduce them to just 115.
Veteran all-rounder Pete Hill was Flixton 3rds star man as they beat Lockton by seven wickets.
Rob Stead's 37 helped Lockton to a score of 150-9, with John Sowden and Carl Sample both capturing three wickets each.
Steve Hill and Tony Rudeforth both managed scores in the 20s to lead the reply, but Pete Hill's unbeaten 85 made sure of the Flixton win.
Forge Valley 3rds were in winning form when they edged out Sherburn 2nds by 13 runs.
Valley were all out for an attainable score of 103, with John Flinton's unbeaten 76 providing the majority of the runs. Jamie Thompson was the top Sherburn bowler with 3-15.
Thompson maintained his all-round form with a knock of 35, but 3-24 from Phil Lee and Tom Vairey's 4-11 ended their plight.
The game between Nawton Grange 2nds and Hospitals/Rugby Club was conceded by the latter.
In division B, Dave Parkinson's six-wicket haul propelled Valley Bar Nomads to a win by four wickets against Scalby 3rds.
Parkinson's 6-37 and Anosh George's 4-25 bowled out Scalby for just 73.
Adrian Hollingsworth's 4-19 gave Valley Bar a few issues in the reply, but they finally made it over the winning line.
Leigh Watson was unlucky to be on the losing side as Snainton slipped to a 35-run defeat against Muston 2nds.
Gary Hanson was Muston's leading light with the bat as his 27 helped the score to 82, the problems being caused by Watson's 4-13.
Watson then continued his all-round form by making 27, but a haul of 5-14 from Jonathan Atkinson brought the game to a close with Snainton aall out for 47.
Cayton 3rds powered to a nine-wicket win against Ravenscar 2nds.
Andrew Edgar top-scored for Ravenscar in their tally of 108, which included spells of 3-34 from Darren Jones and 4-9 from Trev Davies.
Ian Wright and Jones then remained unbeaten in the 30s, following on from Shaun Rennison's 27 to ease Cayton home.
Thornton Dale 2nds had a five-wicket win against Ganton 2nds.
Mark Lockwood's 41 was the main contribution to Ganton's final tally of 99, which was hit by Paul Waring's 4-18.
Paul Elgey was unbeaten on 26 in the successful reply.
*Flixton 3rds 152-3 (Pete Hill 84no, Steve Hill 28, Tony Rudeforth 25) beat Lockton 150-9 (Rob Stead 37, John Sowden 3-14, Carl Sample 3-48) by 7 wkts. - Pts 17-4.
*Forge Valley 3rds 103 all out (John Flinton 76no, Jamie Thompson 3-15) beat Sherburn 2nds 90 all out (Jamie Thompson 35, Phil Lee 3-24, Tom Vairey 4-11) by 13 runs. - Pts 16-5.
Kirkbymoorside 27-1 beat *Sewerby 3rds 24 all out (Jamie Harper 4-6) by 9 wkts. - Pts 20-0.
*Nawton Grange 2nds beat Hospitals/Rugby Club - game conceded by Hospitals/Rugby Club. - Pts 20-H/RC deducted 10.
Thornton Dale 2nds 100-5 (Paul Elgey 26no) beat *Ganton 2nds 99 all out (Mark Lockwood 41, Paul Waring 4-18) by 5 wkts. - Pts 18-2.
*Muston 2nds 82 all out (Gary Hanson 27, Leigh Watson 4-13) beat Snainton 47 all out (Leigh Watson 27, Jonathan Atkinson 5-14) by 35 runs. - Pts 15-5.
Cayton 3rds 109-1 (Ian Wright 39no, Shaun Rennison 27, Darren Jones 38no) beat *Ravenscar 2nds 108 all out (Andrew Edgar 41, Darren Jones 3-34, Trevor Davies 4-9) by 9 wkts. - Pts 16-1.
Valley Bar Nomads 74-6 (Adrian Hollingsworth 4-19) beat *Scalby 3rds 73 all out (Dave Parkinson 6-37, Anosh George 4-25) by 4 wkts. - Pts 17-3.
No game this week - Wykeham 3rds.


Summary: DynamX is developing a biopsy triaging and stratification system, Solas. Solas has been developed for gastroenterology (GI) pathology and can identify healthy samples with high accuracy (99% specificity 52% sensitivity) within seconds using infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). It fits within existing workflows and can be operated in-clinic (at point of care) with minimal training (low disruption, low barriers to adoption). Solas will reduce the total number of samples within pathology by approximately 50%. Solas will greatly reduce demand on pathology services, elevating current system stress. We project that Solas will produce an average annual saving of £135 million, for UK healthcare providers. Further, it enables a faster turnaround of samples, giving patients a better service (approximately 320,000 results per annum immediately returned at point of care), less stress and a greater peace of mind.
Need: Pathology requests are steadily rising, yet histopathology capacity is failing to keep pace, and increased time requirements for sample analysis is exacerbating the problem. The impacts of this capacity shortfall are already being felt, with growing backlogs in pathology. The majority of UK Trusts report amber or red KPIs for 7/10-day pathology result turnaround and the number of patients waiting more than 6 weeks for a diagnosis has increased at ~17% per year. The staff shortfall is predicted to snowball, with the Royal College of Pathologists expecting 32% of cellular pathologists to retire by 2022. Immediate intervention is required to prevent a catastrophic collapse of this core service.
Value: Pathology is vital to cancer diagnostics and treatment but services are on the verge of collapse due to increasing demand, an aging workforce, and lack of trainees. Consequently, pathology is becoming more expensive for providers. >90% of biopsy specimens collected are healthy. DynamX is developing a point of care biopsy triaging system, Solas, which will reduce pathology workflow by ~50%. Solas is in development for gastrointestinal pathology and can identify healthy samples with high accuracy (99% sp) in seconds, reducing the number of samples requiring more expensive testing. It integrates with existing workflows with minimal disruption and low barriers to adoption.


From the makers of Bananagrams comes Cobra Paw, a light family game of pattern recognition and real-time action. Two to six players ("ninjas") attempt to be the first to collect six stones and win the game.
There are 21 stones that have different symbols and colors on them. The active player rolls two dice and whoever can match the symbols on the dice to its corresponding stone must grab it to add to their collection.
If the symbols match a stone in someone's collection, they can be stolen from them. First one to have six stones (or eight stones in a two-player game) wins.
This is a simple and fast game. The components are top-notch, featuring big, chunky dice and solid domino-like stones. The rule book is whimsical and offers a few variants to the basic game.
Cobra Paw is great if you have young ones looking to participate in game night. For more experienced gamers, this might work as a filler between heavier, more involved games.
Thanks to Bananagrams for providing a copy of Cobra Paw for review.


It features a minor. My boyfriend and I have been together going on 4 years. Before the affair started she chased him around a concert all night grinding up on him trying to buy him drinks. Later that night she ran up on him as he was walking back inside the club and she tried to jump on him. It took everything I had inside not to beat the hell out of her that night!


Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 Albuquerque is an urban city that consists of a population of about 500,000 people and isnotorious for its high crime rates and police violence. Loss of territories - productive land,industries and raw resources = 4 deaths to police violence Statistics Cost of a loaf of bread: Police Brutality in Albuquerque Since 2010, Albuquerque has had 37 officer-involved shootings, 23 of which were fatal. The New York Police Departmenthad the exact number of shootings as well, however the population in New York is about fifteen times bigger than Albuquerque 2010-2014 The Impact of Media Can cause anxiety and panic among the public and authorities Probably exaggerates the fear that individualpolice officers might experience. Can lead them to overreact or make mistakes, especially where race intervenes Environmental Variables Possible Recommendations A poorer, region that is neglected can have unintended consequences such as violent crimes. The media attention that surrounds police violence can interfere with the justice system: Leads to police officers being afraid and threatened by their surroundings, making it more likely for them to react with deadly force An area that is is culturally positive and economically managed will not only allow the public to feel safer, but also help the police officers Recently, the Seattle Police Department has implemented a new use of force policy which requires that a representative from the department's Office of Professional Accountability to be dispatched to the scene of every shooting. This policy is a way to have another observer on scene and to help make decisions.


text:
Mininet
==========

An instant Virtual Network on your Laptop

Mininet creates a realistic virtual network, running real kernel, switch and application code, on a single machine (VM, cloud or native), in seconds, with a single command
```
> sudo mn
```

install
========
sudo apt-get install mininet

GUI
====
- miniedit

### Ryu
Ryu is a component-based software defined networking framework.
Ryu provides software components with well defined API that make it easy for developers to create new network management and control applications. Ryu supports various protocols for managing network devices, such as OpenFlow, Netconf, OF-config, etc. About OpenFlow, Ryu supports fully 1.0, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and Nicira Extensions.

All of the code is freely available under the Apache 2.0 license. Ryu is fully written in Python.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
London >
South London >
Lambeth (London Borough) >
Bowie Close house prices
House prices in Bowie Close, London SW4
Average price paid — Sales — Current average value £296,949 Zoopla estimate Value change £940 ▲ 0.32%
What's the average house price in Bowie Close?
The average price for property in Bowie Close stood at £296,949 in January 2022. This is a rise of 1.29% in the last three months (since October 2021) and rise of 0.32% since 12 months ago. In terms of property types, flats in Bowie Close sold for an average of £296,949 and terraced houses for £1,324,988. This is according to the current Zoopla estimates.
1 Bowie Close, SW4 8HA
Last sale - Jul 2003
10 Bowie Close, SW4 8HA
Properties for sale near Bowie Close London SW4
Properties to rent near Bowie Close London SW4
More about SW4
Data on sold house prices, such as the results above for Bowie Close London SW4, is supplied to us via monthly updates from the Land Registry for England and Wales and from the Registers of Scotland for Scotland. There may be a delay of up to 3 months from when a property is actually sold to when it becomes officially recorded with Land Registry and/or Registers of Scotland. We provide data on house prices for information only, on an 'as is' basis as supplied to us and accept no liability for any errors or omissions. If you have identified any incorrect information in, please Report an error.


Tuwad-Tuwadan Blue Lagoon is an amazing work of nature, a secret lagoon in the middle of a rock formation blessed with crystal clear blue-green water filled with corals and fishes. It's a perfect haven for photographers and nature lovers alike. Its name was derived from the species of seashells abundant in the lagoon.
However true to its word "Tuwad-tuwadan" meaning to stumble and fall, you'll have to make an extra effort to get there, either by climbing over cliffs and stumbling down on grassy pavements. It's a perfect spot for swimming, cliff diving, snorkeling and sunset watching. Indeed, a perfect adventure getaway. It also offers a breathtaking view of different rock shapes and sizes.