text:
What is "Il germoglio del Ticino"
ITINERARIES POINTS OF INTEREST VISITOR CENTER AND PARK FACILITIES TICINO VALLEY CUISINE TRAVEL ADVISOR EVENTS HIKING GUIDES
Pavia: Trails, Forest and Nature Reserves
Length: 13,1
Ground: mixed
Difference in level: 20
Interest: Naturalistic
Slope: 1%
Through the door on the bank, across the Covered Bridge, the ancient fortification of Pavia, you reach Borgo Ticino. A small and picturesque medieval quarter where it seems like time has stopped. It is linked in a particular way to the river, as if time flows at a different pace. Narrow streets, typical restaurants, small houses along the riverbank and old houses are just a few things seen as the heart and soul of the village. They are found to be only a short distance from the riverbank.
Heading towards the northeast, past the village, in the direction opposite to the confluence of the Po and the Ticino, you can continue to discover the area and the luscious Ticino Park. Within certain nature reserves, such as the Oasis Bosco Negri and the Bosco Grande you can see the lush vegetation where in Roman times, covered most of the Po Valley. It helped in the repopulation of the area by many species of vegetation and wildlife typical of fluvial environments.
The Natural Reserve of the Bosco Negri is seen near the channel Gravellone, extending between the suburbs of the city and farmland, over 34 hectares wide. This area has great significance because of the particular characteristics of the trees. The trees are an oasis of rest and refuge for many species of wildlife that live there. These include mammals, hares, squirrels, hedgehogs and many amphibians. Skilled operators who manage the reserve constantly monitor the ornithofauna.
The Natural Reserve Bosco Grande proceeds along the river embankment and extends about 22 hectares. It is a natural reserve that is protected by the Park. It is one of the last examples of lowland forest throughout the Po Valley, and is characterized by tall trees and typical river habitat, such as the oak-hornbeam, and shrubs that include hawthorn, elder and Rose Hips. There are also many species of birds that nest in this area, such as theChaffinch, the Blackcap, the Robin, the Jay, four species of Woodpeckers, diurnal and nocturnal birds of prey and Kingfishers. Mammals such as weasels, the Fauna, the Badger, the Polecat, the Dormouse,Foxes, Hares and Rabbits are species also among these. Inside the forest is a swampy area that is flooded during the months of spring. Along with the surrounding rice fields, you can see many amphibians, such as the frog Rana Lataste and Agile, the crested newt and the water snake or Grass Snake.
Along the Ticino, you can admire the many views of the city of Pavia. Framed by the light of the glorious sunsets over the river, you can appreciate the marvelous natural landscapes, vast expanses of vineyards and farmland in which they are immersed. This creates striking images of the farmsteads.
Trails of History and Waterways: Travacò Siccomario, along Ticino, towards Po
Pavia: art, culture and tradition
Ticino Village (Borgo Ticino)
Camping Ticino
Information points
Oasi LIPU Bosco Negri
Cascina Bosco Grande
A.S.D. Associazione motonautica Pavese S.R.L.
Weekend in bici nel Parco del Ticino
LA FORESTA, IL FIUME, I PELLEGRINI – I boschi, il fiume e le vie di pellegrinaggio
Sulla via delle Cicogne


On the one hand, the continuing explosion of High-Tech is a fantastic opportunity. On the other hand, it is going to be really hard for some organizations to grasp those opportunities because many of the biggest opportunities are going to come from outside the areas they are familiar with.
What for example are going to be the implications of really-cheap expert systems? Or more expensive control systems with human-levels of reasoning and superhuman levels of pattern recognition? What does it mean when memory capacity becomes so cheap you can easily record as much historical data about as many devices as you could possibly want?
It is relatively easy to imagine twenty-five years: Many people have worked in the same organization or lived in the same home for that long. Yet in twenty-five years from now the internet is set to become more than a billion times more powerful – that is a thousand million times more powerful – than it is today. How will that affect different industries? How will that affect customers? Or governments?
Combine that with what you have probably heard referred to as the Internet of Things – that is, sophisticated interconnected computing devices so small and cheap that they can be included in everything, even packaging. What does it mean for everyday living when every single object can have its own computer that communicates via a super-powerful, super-connected internet?
Then again, although materials science does indeed develop far slower than, say, computing, because it is nevertheless being enabled by computers, the development-rate of new materials is still slowly exponential. And slow exponential is just as counterintuitive in the way it appears suddenly to explode out of nowhere. That is why some of the opportunities (especially those from unfamiliar areas) will be extra-hard to recognize in time.


CHICAGO — Jimmy Kimmel LIVE! sent Guillermo on a trip across the country to Brooklyn, New York.
During Wednesday night's show, his tour bus made a pit stop at Chicago's Wiener's Circle in Lincoln Park. The hot dog stand's employees are famously known for bullying and insulting customers.
Even Chicago Cubs' superfan "Ronnie Woo Woo" joined in on the fun, and led the crowd in one of his "woo" chants.


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Q: Как расшифровать base64, которое я перехватил в приложении Andriod вот код, который идет на сервер с приложения, перехваченный с помощью wireshark. как его декодировать? Здесь происходит аутентификация пользователя.
{"data":"Msz8BeoQ88G2qPtInwcz/NdSBqUFMi1SueXg/kF6C2UIDk+Ww7QX4DlgcsrOrjAPs1ny6Yf8dmLezy1vWBrXLMbqdeDwIP2syDW7kvBziYSyyd8HyqOW6moT0JrFxcXYKAgbDjx1ShtTLhqWYL9usT3LlH9Pdn2NstRyTnilHNw=","checksum":"MTZkZjE1ZjJlNDMwYmRmYw=="}
но никакие base64 не могут его декодировать. очевидно, что я не полностью это декодировал, а только то, что декодеры по идее могут прочесть. вот конкретно то, что после data никак не расшифровывается. помогите!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Why Am I Not in the British Isles?
It's not that I don't get to travel much but right now I just about can't stand it, because every time I open up my Facebook page, there, gaping back at me are hundreds of images of the British Isles and Ireland.
OK, not hundreds, but tens of tens of images.
And it isn't that I am jealous, it is just that these images make me sad that I am not there, too, and I can hardly stand it and then I get cranky.
This seems to be the Irish spring for many of my friends, and I only wish I had the forethought to plan something similar. I am terrible for sitting around and daydreaming adventures, but never getting off the couch to check airfares and hotel rooms. I never check my calendar to see when I might shoehorn in a trip.
Not like my pals, Silas and Jason, who think about it, then get busy planning it. They should be home now, and from their photos it looks like they enjoyed a trip of a lifetime. How these two cram so much into a two week journey is beyond me.
And they go as travelers, not tourists. They wander the woods that Thomas Hardy wandered, and then they take superb photos of those woods, with their primordial looking beech trees. They photograph their food, because I believe this is required, and they have a gift for sussing out excellent fare, the best shepherd's pie, iconic roast beef with Yorkshire pudding, and the 99.
A 99 is an ice cream cone with a Cadbury "flake" stuck in it—it looks like a tiny little yule log—and once they posted a picture of it, I saw them on every British TV show I watch. Sort of like test-driving a car, and then everywhere you go you see that same car.
And speaking of, apparently Jason is an expert at driving on the left, and he easily maneuvered them throughout southern England. I am not surprised, though. Our friend, Alice, had a gold land yacht of a car, ancient and recently deceased—the car, not Alice—and Jason was in charge of parking it, turning it around on narrow mountain ledges, and edging it out of the shrubbery that Alice had driven it into.
Alice could drive it forward and backward, and blow the horn.
That is the extent of it. In fact, it was the death of that horn that she mourned the most. It was deep and loud, fog horn on steroids, and she gave unsuspecting passers-by heart attacks every chance she got.
"white on the right, white on the right." which makes sense if you don't think about it too hard.
My old mentor, Sally, is in Ireland right now, sending back black and white images of castle ruins and holy wells, interspersed with colorful images of Dublin doors. She surely must have Celtic roots, because with each new image she looks more at home and more like a native, with her broad smile and red hair backlit by a slanting sun.
Right now the only travel plan I have is a long weekend jaunt to Brown County with my high school girls. We had such fun in the Smokies last year we decided to do it again. It is my dream that no one brings a Jane Fonda tape this time. We will piddle around, do some shopping, hike a little, and by "hike a little" I hope that means we won't hike at all but rather, walk on a manicured path, with you, know, some trees and stuff.
Even so, I am researching walking boots. After seeing all the great places my pals have been, I keep fantasizing about spending a week or so in England walking. But to do that, one must have the proper gear, which means walking boots, which are very specific to the Brits—brown and sturdy, but not so heavy.
I've found several choices, one hand-made in England, which, as we know, is complete overkill, and why I love them. But Brown County beckons, and then, perhaps in the fall, the fells of England.
As I am now in a Dublin hotel and preparing to leave for the airport and then the states, it is lovely to read your words and know that you are giving me a "good on Ya". I do believe that travel changes a person and this, my first trip to the home of my ancestors, has indeed stirred my heart and created a new space for this green Isle. It will forever be with me as will be the sweet Irish smiles. Greta, our conversations years ago were the motivation for this trip. So good on ya!


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Welcome to the Department of Physics!
The Department of Physics heads NCCR SPIN for development of silicon-based quantum computer.
9.1 million euros COFUND grant for 39 EUCOR PhD students in Quantum Physics
Interested in studying Physics in Basel?
Research at the Department of Physics
Operational Concept for the Department of Physics
Updated: Effective on 18.01.2021 there is an updated operating concept in place. (Updated 15.01.2021)
Find the new rules here or download the letter from the department chair (pdf). A shortlist:
The Department remains closed to the public; only members of the university (as identified by University ID) are allowed entry.
Masks are mandatory at all times inside the Department.
Wherever possible, work should be done from home.
Access to tables and seating arrangement in the mensa and other break rooms must be approved by the University Corona Task Force and will be clearly indicated.
To allow contact tracing, it is documented who regularly works in the same rooms with whom. A sign-up system is used to document irregular occupancy of shared rooms.
14 January 2021 / News
Operational Concept effective from 18.01.21
11 January 2021 / Research
New Type of Qubit with Tunable Speed and Frequency
09 December 2020 / Other
Silicon Spin Qubits for Large-Scale Quantum Computing EU Quantum Flagship Program
Center of excellence for research
Over 20 research groups with more than 180 teaching staff.
Schülerstudium & Bachelor Honors Track
Educational offers for particularly talented and motivated students.
Insights for the Public
Events, lectures and experiments for teachers, high school students and kids.
Studies & PhD
Bachelor in Physics
Master in Physics
Minor Subject in Physics
PhD in Physics
6 Endress Postdoc Fellows
Call for Applications 2021
The Center for Quantum Science and Quantum Computing (QSC) of the Universities of Basel (Switzerland) and Freiburg (Germany), embedded in EUCOR – The European Campus, invites applications for up to 6 Georg H. Endress Postdoc Fellowships to start in 2021. more
QUSTEC doctoral training programme
QUSTEC offers the interdisciplinary, intersectoral and international training in the field of quantum science and technologies (QST) to 39 early-stage researchers.
Two positions are available in Basel:
5.A Hybrid quantum networks with atomic memories and quantum dot single-photon sources (Treutlein Group)
5.B Solid-state spins in an optical cavity (Warburton Group)
PhD excellence fellowship
This new international PhD program bundles a wide range of expertise, know-how, and resources of the Department of Physics at the University of Basel as well as of Eucor – The European Campus,in the emerging research field of quantum sciences, quantum technologies and quantum information.
The program is aimed at attracting outstanding PhD students from in- and outside of Switzerland and providing training at the forefront of research in these fields.
To apply for a PhD excellence fellowship please check for the requirements and application procedure at this site. more
The Departement of Physics of the University of Basel is a center for international top-level research in the fields of nano and quantum physics, and cosmology and particle physics. Our students benefit from the excellence in research that offers them an outstanding range of courses supervised by highly talented assistants and renowned professors.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ambassador's camps, which feature both go-cart and quarter-midget racing vehicles, run in week-long segments from June 18-August 10.
On Monday, June 18, Ambassador Racing School of Wimauma will open its doors to kids ages 5-17 for its second annual summer racing camp.
The school, which provides private lessons throughout the year, will hold week-long camp sessions from its June start date until August 10. During each week, campers will learn everything from driving and racing skills to track signals, technical aptitude, marketing and even public speaking skills.
One of the camp's main components, according to Garcia, is to teach campers about all of the different aspects that go into every race they might see on television. Students will spend time learning the mechanics of their vehicles and understanding how that technical expertise impacts the actual race.
"Some of the campers find more enjoyment from the mechanical parts of the camp," said Ray Garcia, who also runs the track. "Some find they prefer taking apart a motor to racing," he said.
All of the camp's students will have the chance to find out.
While campers will drive their cars every day, significant portions of each period will be dedicated to theory, shop experience and simulations. Each Friday, the session's final day, students will have the opportunity to put everything they've learned to the test in a Race Day, competing against their fellow campers in front of friends and family for a top prize.
"We like to place the emphasis on fun, but they learn a lot through the process and don't realize they're learning it," said Debbie.
So far, their teaching method has met with great success, as many of their kids have moved on in the racing circuit. Among others, Patty Rodenbeck has gone on to race in NASCAR's Camping World Truck Series.
Camp days will run from 9 a.m.-5 p.m. with pickup and drop off available an hour before and after start time. For more information or to sign up, contact Debbie and Ray Garcia at 634-1076.


Beer #2851 is an indian pale ale brewed by Bacchus Brewing in Queensland, Australia.
Another single hop IPA from Bacchus and another very good one too. Very similar to their Mosaic, it pours cloudy and thick, taste-wise it's another juicy affair with lots of grapefruit and some passion fruit. As usual, there's no bitterness but it doesn't need any.
The bottle size is 500ML with an alcohol content of 5.60% (containing approximately 2.20 AU / 2.80 UK standard drinks), and it costs $12.00.


calls to one of his apostle's. "Paul... Paul," He calls out.
one is allowed to speak with the prisoner!"
Jesus once again calls his name. "Paul . . .Paul", he calls.
both legs and throws him back into the crowd.
"Yes Jesus, I am here. What is it I can do for you?"
had been sleeping in the bedroom.
with it and pretend you like it. Our lives depend on it."


Remember the Japanese dude who won the World Air Guitar championships?
Yep, this amazing gadget from Takara Tomy uses infrared to simulate real guitar strings.
You can choose rock and roll classics such as Deep Purple's "Smoke on the Water;" or you can J rock to the max with "Kanpai" by Tsuyoshi Nagabuchi.
The Air Guitar Pro is available in red, blue, and black for 2,740 JPY or 1,038 PHP from StrapYa World.


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Home Energy & Power Wärtsilä Modular Block solution to modernise power generation in a West African...
Wärtsilä Modular Block solution to modernise power generation in a West African gold mine
The Wärtsilä Modular Block is a pre-fabricated, modularly configurated, and expandable enclosure for sustainable power generation.
The technology group Wärtsilä announces the first order of its innovative new Wärtsilä Modular Block solution for power generation to Aggreko, a global provider of mobile, modular power, temperature control and energy services. Four Wärtsilä Modular Block enclosures with one medium-speed Wärtsilä 32 engine in each, will provide 40 MW of energy to an off-grid gold mine in West Africa. The Modular Block order was placed by Aggreko in November 2019. This contract is the first one signed under the cooperation agreement between Wärtsilä and Aggreko, that was announced in June this year.
The Wärtsilä Modular Block solution will replace the existing diesel generators currently powering the mine. Thanks to the high efficiency of the engines the new solution will create substantial monthly savings in fuel costs. Fast-starting and load-following capabilities will facilitate the integration of renewables into the mine's energy system. The mine will be powered by a reliable, flexible and affordable solution, which will help to enhance the mine's environmental impact.
Three Wärtsilä Modular Blocks, providing a total of 30 MW of power will be installed next to the existing power station in 2020. The fourth 10 MW Modular Block will be installed in 2022. The agreement with Aggreko includes an option to add a fifth 10 MW unit to the power plant. The scalability of Wärtsilä Modular Block solution enables the mine to add additional power capacity if needed to support future growth.
"The Wärtsilä Modular Block solution opens up exciting new opportunities, both for permanent and rental electricity generation. We are delighted to be partnering with Aggreko in this rapidly growing market, and this first order is encouraging for the future success of our cooperation," added Jean Nabb, Director, Strategic Partnerships, Wärtsilä Energy Business.
Aggreko is working at the forefront of a rapidly changing energy market and is focused on solving its customers' challenges to provide cost-effective, flexible and greener solutions across the globe. More information here.
Wärtsilä Energy Business is leading the transition towards a 100% renewable energy future. As an energy system integrator, we understand, design, build and serve optimal power systems for future generations. Wärtsilä's solutions provide the needed flexibility to integrate renewables and secure power system reliability. Our offering comprises engine-based flexible power plants – including liquid gas systems – hybrid solar power plants, energy management systems and storage and integration solutions. We support our customers over the lifecycle of their installations with services that enable increased efficiency and guaranteed performance. Wärtsilä has 70 GW of installed power plant capacity in 177 countries around the world.
Read Also: BUA and Wartsila Oy of Finland Sign 48MW Power Project for Sokoto Line 3
Modular Block solution
Wärtsilä Energy Business i
Wärtsilä Modular Block solution
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Cathrin Puhl (* 4. April 1994 in Lebach) ist eine deutsche Rhythmische Sportgymnastin.

Cathrin Puhl trainierte am DTB-Nationalmannschaftszentrum Fellbach-Schmiden (Bundesleistungszentrum für Rhythmische Sportgymnastik und Sportinternat) und lebt in Dillingen sowie in Fellbach. Als Schülerin startete sie für den TV Rehlingen und wurde von Natalia Stsiapanava, Ekaterina Kotelikova und Vladimir Komkov trainiert. Ihr Spezialgerät sind die Keulen. Zunächst betrieb sie andere Sportarten, insbesondere Leichtathletik. Schon im Juniorenbereich gehörte sie dem Nationalkader an, mit dem sie 2009 in Baku Neunte wurde. Im Jahr darauf schaffte sie den nahtlosen Wechsel in den Leistungsbereich.

Erste internationale Meisterschaften bei den Frauen wurden die  Europameisterschaften im Frühjahr 2010 in Bremen, bei denen Puhl mit Sara Radman, Camilla Pfeffer, Mira Bimperling, Karolina Raskina und Regina Sergeeva im Mannschaftswettkampf als Viertplatzierte hinter Russland, Italien und Belarus nur um einen Rang eine Medaille verpasste. Mit Pfeffer, Radman, Bimperling und Sergeeva wurde sie zudem Vierte in der Gruppe mit einem mit zwei Geräten. Im Herbst des Jahres folgten die Weltmeisterschaften in Moskau, bei denen Puhl mit Pfeffer, Radman, Bimperling und Sergeeva in der Mannschaft Achte sowie in derselben Besetzung jeweils Fünfte in den beiden Gerätegruppen wurde. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften ein Jahr später in Montpellier erreichte sie mit Pfeffer, Radman, Nicole Müller, Bimperling und Sergeeva den sechsten Rang im Gruppen-Mehrkampf sowie Platz sieben in der ersten und Platz fünf in der zweiten Gerätegruppe. Mit dem sechsten Rang qualifizierte sich das Team direkt für die Olympischen Sommerspiele 2012 in London. Vor den Spielen kam sie noch bei den Europameisterschaften 2012 in Nischni Nowgorod zum Einsatz. Im Gruppen-Mehrkampf erreichte sie mit Judith Hauser, Müller, Pfeffer, Radman und Bimperling den neunten Rang. Beim Olympischen Gruppen-Mehrkampf wurde sie Zehnte.

Weblinks

 Homepage

 Puhl auf der Webseite des Deutschen Olympischen Sportbundes
 Puhl auf der Webseite des Deutschen Turnerbundes
 Porträt auf der Webseite der ARD
 Resultatübersicht bei Bikala
 Cathrin Puhl – Viele Wege führten sie zur RSG

Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2012
Rhythmische_Sportgymnastin_(Deutschland)
Olympiateilnehmer (Deutschland)
Person (Lebach)
Deutscher
Geboren 1994
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Technology, Software & Communications
2020 Antares Compass
Eric Goldstein
Chief Risk Officer
Eric serves as Chief Risk Officer for Antares Capital. He joined Antares Capital in April 2017 as Chief Administrative Officer and was appointed to his current role in March 2018, charged with overseeing Enterprise Risk Management. He is a member of the firm's Executive Committee and Operating Committee.
Prior to joining Antares Capital, Eric spent 18 years at Goldman Sachs where he was a Managing Director in the Merchant Banking Division, responsible for finance and administration functions of the division's private investment funds. Prior to Goldman Sachs, Eric was a senior consultant at Ernst & Young in both the Transaction Advisory Services and Assurance Services Divisions.
Eric serves on the Board of Directors of the Spondylitis Association of America. Eric graduated with a bachelor's degree in accounting from Pennsylvania State University and earned a MBA from New York University's Leonard N. Stern School of Business.
Antares Capital
500 West Monroe Street, Chicago, IL 60661
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Dates via Raymond Lo on the Cinema Treasures website.
There was no concrete canopy at the theatre entrance in photographs taken in 1945 or before. Probably the canopy was built in 1947.
Permalink Submitted by moddsey on Tue, 2009-09-01 01:57.
1st Generation Queen's Theatre through the decades.
Queen's Theatre looking east along Queen's Rd Central. I cannot be sure but I think the film that was screened was 'Idiot's Delight' starring Clark Gable that was released in 1939. Perhaps, Raymond Lo can help out on the exact screening dates.
Queen's Theatre looking west. The film that was screened was 'The Search' released in 1948. Note the Jimmy's Kitchen sign by the side of the China Building.
Queen's Theatre looking west. The film that was screened was 'Invitation' released in 1952.
Permalink Submitted by Raymond Lo on Sat, 2011-08-13 21:05.
The showing date of Idiot's Delight was from 14th July, 1939 through 17th July, 1939.
Permalink Submitted by OldTimer on Mon, 2017-03-27 03:08.


What do we do with the time we have left?
That question has provoked great thinkers across religions, cultures and epochs. It also inspired an essay by Paul Kalanithi, a Stanford neurosurgeon writing for his institution's medical magazine, the Stanford Medicine.
On March 9, Kalanithi died, at 37, from metastatic lung cancer. "Before I Go" is his reflection on time management, in an operating room and in the face of his looming death. If you haven't read the essay yet, you should.
We do not know when we will die, we just know that we will. Kalanithi knew that he was going to die sooner than most, sooner than he should. He knew that the timing of his death would be untimely.
Within earshot of that loudly ticking clock, he described time as becoming double-edged. He acknowledged an impulse to cram his days with experience and meaning. That inclination was tempered by the plodding march of reality: his body was tired, his disease demanded attention.
Gratefully, most of us are not battling a terminal illness. Kalanithi's essay resonates nonetheless. We cannot pretend to understand the immediacy of his mortality, but we cannot avoid the eventuality of our own. His writing is like a report back from a final frontier, telling us what to pack and how to pack it.
If death is a certainty, but its timing can never be known until it is upon us, how much power over life do we give that intervening question mark?
Some would tell us to live like we were dying. Tim McGraw even sings that advice to us. Others encourage an attitude of abandon, for if you only live once, you have nothing to lose. Put differently, #YOLO.
That seems too simple a formula, though. Life is riddled with practicalities. Our social construct would crumble if instant and selfish gratification were tantamount.
Pleasure is a luxury, afforded with some basic cushion that can absorb a departure from the routine. Spontaneity depends on some earlier dependability. We cannot take the trip, or the nap, or the long way home if we have not saved or planned in advance.
If I knew I were going to die tomorrow, I would shut off this computer forever. I would take my children out of school, tell my husband to hide the phones. I would buy plane tickets for my parents, my sisters and their husbands and children, and shuttle them to Maine on nonstop flights. I would stay awake all night, talking and laughing and thanking and eating the most decadent chocolate cake I could find on short notice. I would close my eyes and hold as many hands as I could and I would be full.
But I don't know that I'm going to die tomorrow. Assuming I'm alive, I do know that I will have to help get two children clothed, fed and out the door. I must cooperate with my husband to provide for that. I go to work, and I come home to help with homework and showers. I quiet, and I tuck into bed.
Kalanithi offers a solution to the riddle with a closing message to his infant daughter. He tells her that when she is called to account for what she has meant to the world, she must not discount the joy she brought to her father. They were an unlikely power couple, one unwittingly capable of creating joy, and the other surprisingly capable of experiencing it.
Maybe that's the secret. Maybe, within the moments of daily life we must attend to, we can sustain ourselves with an effort towards joy, both being it and seeing it. Maybe then, when we do our own reckoning, we will take a deep bow as the curtain closes, and rise up with a sense of fulfillment.


Any tech issues can be posted here.
I have tried working around this for too long. I just spent an hour trying to deposit 1 cheque.
Would you please fix Norkos and Cobos to recognize the new maximums for bank accounts?
It is really annoying and easy to fix. Since this feature is only available to those who pay to play, this issue shouldn't take a few years to fix.


President Monson announced five new temples. Fill in the blanks to find out where they are. Check your answers below.
Bonus question: Which city will soon have two temples?
Sister Cristina B. Franco is the new Second Counselor in the Primary General Presidency. She was born in Argentina and is on a mission there with her husband until July.
Watch for new Women Leader Cards in the September and October Friend.


text:
FAWN®
FAWNOGRAPHY
NEWS...HERE'S WHAT'S HAPPENING
JOIN MAILING LIST HERE
HHaeading 1
Chad Jack and Tim Letteer VS Fawn "Wish U Love" Music Video Remains in the Top Ten for Five Months (Twenty weeks) on MTV's LOGO Channel
THANK YOU for keeping the "Wish U Love" music video, directed by Stephen Wozniak in the Top 10 for 5 months (20 weeks), with it's highest spot reaching #3 on MTV's LOGO Channel! They took it down today, siting that they only allow videos to be on there for 15 weeks. (A bit of a contradiction). I thank you from my heart ♥ Maybe we will be able to break even on the song because of the longevity in the top 10. ♥ THANK YOU again!
Be who you're born to be and be a LIGHT in the world! (Thank you for being a light in my life!)
♥ xoxooxxo ♥
Another version of the music video, courtesy of Robert McAuley! Thank you Robert! :o) Remix By Danny McCarthy...
When some one hurts us we feel justified to be angry, but this is WRONG. We have
no control over what happens to us, but we DO have control over how we RESPOND to what happens to us ♥ NEVER allow another to steal the LIGHT or JOY that is inside you ♥ It is a pure heart that has joy, which will only come from a healed spirit ♥ Have gratitude NO MATTER WHAT, and LOVE today my friends...for THIS is your only TRUE FREEDOM
Here's a little reminder about how you can TALK your way to HAPPY ♥
True Freedom on Independence Day
"Wish U Love" Music Video At Number Three on MTV's LOGO Channel / Manhatten Pride
The Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus returned to Los Angeles this week beginning with a pre-dawn parade of Asian elephants from Union Station to the Staples Center on Tuesday. Shows for the Circus ran Wednesday through Sunday.
Animal rights activists, members of In Defense of Animals, Animal Acres, Last Chance for Animals, Peta, and several Entertainment Industry personalities including Actress Olivia Munn, Actress Shira Scott, Recording Artist Gene Blalock of The Faded, Recording Artist Fawn and Fashion Photographer Melissa Schwartz and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, came out in droves (over 300 strong) to protest the Infamous Circus and their treatment of animals. It was estimated to be the largest protest against the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus to date.
Demonstrators were peaceful, yet strong in their position as they marched, chanted, raised their voices, handed out educational information and stood outside the Staples Center in front of ticket holders in line. Their protests created such a stir, that 4 families decided to ask for ticket refunds once they realized why protesters were so upset. One of the families demanding for their money back said that their children saw all the protesters and asked 'why do they have pictures of the baby elephants tied up? We don't want to see the baby elephants if they do that." Another family, smiling after deciding to turn in their tickets stated "It feels good."
Protesters were calling for a boycott of the Circus based on the disturbing photos that had been turned over to PETA. Several such photos were held by protesters for the crowd to see. PETA is now using these photos to file a complaint with the USDA (US Department of Agriculture) against Ringling Bros. to have their exhibitor license revoked.
You may ask yourself, why boycott the Circus? Recording Artist Fawn stated: "Ringling Brothers has a horrifying track record for abusing their elephant performers. It is my belief that if the children of this world knew what it takes for the animals to 'do tricks' and 'perform' for the audience, they wouldn't WANT to come to the Circus!" Actress Olivia Munn told reporters "This is the largest Ringling Bros. Boycott ever, so it's very exciting. Now that you know what they're doing, you just can't sit there and laugh and cheer. Go do something else with your money. Boycott the Circus and also realize it's not 1920."
Over 300 People Protest The Circus with Actress Olivia Munn At The Staples Center
Diversity News Magazine
The Ringling trainers routinely jab, prod, hook, and strike elephants with a bull hook (a steel-tipped device that looks similar to a fireplace poker). They use it to control large animals and force them to perform unnatural acts. Typically, these abuses occur out of public view. Protesters had such bull hooks on hand to demonstrate how sharp, heavy, ominous and destructive these instruments are. Evidence including court documents, undercover videos, and photos of training sessions with baby elephants shows that Ringling routinely chains elephants in train box cars for more than 26 hours at a time, for as long as 60-100 hours without a break while traveling across the country for weeks at a time and they physically abuse elephants with electric shock devices and bull hooks, including one elephant who was "dripping blood all over the arena floor from being hooked." There is also evidence that they train baby elephants through isolation from other elephants, prolonged restraint by tying their legs and hitting them with bull hooks. Linda Hogan, ex-wife of Hulk Hogan explained "This is something from back in the 1800's. A lot of people are uneducated, it's time to educate people."
Humane Educator Ciddy Fonteboa offered another alternative to the Circus for animal lovers -- the non-profit safe haven for animals, Animal Acres. Ciddy explained, "I feel that any business that supports animal suffering to profit from the public is also supporting violence and at Animal Acres, we support true freedom and peace for the animals that are rescued from cruelty cases. We give them the opportunity to be happy with out having to perform and entertain people." She continued to explain "At Animal Acres children and people get to see that there is no difference from these rescued farm animals than the family dog. They have the same needs that all living beings on this earth do. " Indeed they do. To find out more go to www.peta.org.
Ringling Bros was not available for comment.
LINK to the News Magazine Article:
http://diversitynewspublications.com/2010/07/over-300-people-protest-the-circus-with-actress-olivia-munn-at-the-staples-center/


Justia › US Law › US Case Law › US Supreme Court › Volume 486 › Christianson v. Colt Indus.
Christianson v. Colt Industries Operating Corp.
concluded that the Federal Circuit was "clearly wrong," and transferred the case back. The Federal Circuit, although concluding that the Seventh Circuit's jurisdictional decision was "clearly wrong," addressed the merits in the "interest of justice," and reversed the District Court.
1. The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit would not have jurisdiction of the appeal of a final judgment in this case under 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(1), since the action is not one "arising under" the patent statutes for purposes of § 1338(a). Pp. 486 U. S. 807-813.
(a) In order to demonstrate that a case is one "arising under" federal patent law, the plaintiff must set up some right, title, or interest under the patent laws, or at least make it appear that some right or privilege will be defeated by one construction, or sustained by the opposite construction, of those laws. Section 1338 jurisdiction extends only to those cases in which a well-pleaded complaint establishes either that federal patent law creates the cause of action or that the plaintiff's right to relief necessarily depends on resolution of a substantial question of federal patent law, in that patent law is a necessary element of one of the well-pleaded claims. A case raising a federal patent law defense does not, for that reason alone, "arise under" patent law, even if the defense is anticipated in the complaint, and even if both parties admit that the defense is the only question truly at issue in the case. Nor is it necessarily sufficient that a well-pleaded claim alleges a single theory under which resolution of a patent law question is essential. If, on the face of a well-pleaded complaint, there are reasons completely unrelated to the provisions and purposes of the patent laws why the plaintiff may or may not be entitled to the relief it seeks, then the claim does not "arise under" those laws.
and purposes of federal patent law why petitioners may or may not be entitled to the relief sought under their monopolization claim, the claim does not "arise under" federal patent law. The same analysis obtains as to petitioners' group boycott claim under § 1 of the Sherman Act. Pp. 486 U. S. 810-813.
2. Nor does reference to congressional policy compel a finding of Federal Circuit jurisdiction. One of Congress' objectives in creating the Federal Circuit was to reduce the lack of uniformity and uncertainty of legal doctrine in the administration of patent law. Although arguably Congress' goals might be better served if the Federal Circuit's jurisdiction were to be fixed by reference to the case actually litigated, nevertheless, Congress determined the relevant focus when it granted Federal Circuit jurisdiction on the basis of the district courts' jurisdiction. Since the latter courts' jurisdiction is determined by reference to the well-pleaded complaint, not the well-tried case, the referent for the Federal Circuit's jurisdiction must be the same. The legislative history of the Federal Circuit's jurisdictional provisions confirms that focus. Pp. 486 U. S. 813-814.
3. Federal Circuit jurisdiction here cannot be based on Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(b) by deeming the complaint amended to encompass a new and independent cause of action -- an implied cause of action under the patent laws. Even assuming that a court of appeals could furnish itself a jurisdictional basis under such theory, there is simply no evidence of any "express or implied consent" among the parties, as required by the Rule, to litigate a new patent law claim. Although the summary judgment papers focused almost entirely on patent law issues that petitioners deemed fundamental to the lawsuit, those issues fell squarely within the purview of the theories of recovery, defenses, and counterclaims that the pleadings already encompassed. Pp. 486 U. S. 814-815.
did not exceed its power in revisiting the jurisdictional issue, and, once it concluded that the prior decision was "clearly wrong," it was obliged to decline jurisdiction. Most importantly, law of the case cannot bind this Court in reviewing decisions below. Pp. 486 U. S. 815-818.
5. The Federal Circuit, after concluding that it lacked jurisdiction, erred in deciding to reach the merits anyway "in the interest of justice." Courts created by statute only have such jurisdiction as the statute confers. Upon concluding that it lacked jurisdiction, the Federal Circuit had authority, under 28 U.S.C. § 1631, to make a single decision -- whether to dismiss the case or, "in the interest of justice," to transfer it to a court of appeals that has jurisdiction. The rule that a court may not in any case, even in the interest of justice, extend its jurisdiction where none exists has always worked injustice in particular cases -- especially in the situation where, as here, the litigants are bandied back and forth between two courts, each of which insists that the other has jurisdiction. Such situations inhere in the very nature of jurisdictional lines, for few jurisdictional lines can be so finely drawn as to leave no room for disagreement on close cases. However, the courts of appeals should achieve the end of quick settlement of questions of transfer by adhering strictly to principles of law of the case. Under those principles, if the transferee court can find the transfer decision plausible, its jurisdictional inquiry is at an end. Pp. 486 U. S. 818-819.
822 F.2d 1544, vacated and remanded.
BRENNAN, J., delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court. STEVENS, J., filed a concurring opinion, in which BLACKMUN, J., joined.
This case requires that we decide a peculiar jurisdictional battle between the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Each court has adamantly disavowed jurisdiction over this case. Each has transferred the case to the other. And each insists that the other's jurisdictional decision is "clearly wrong."
798 F.2d 1051, 1056-1057 (CA7 1986); 822 F.2d 1544, 1551, n. 7 (CA Fed.1987). The parties therefore have been forced to shuttle their appeal back and forth between Chicago and the District of Columbia in search of a hospitable forum, ultimately to have the merits decided, after two years, by a Court of Appeals that still insists it lacks jurisdiction to do so.
Respondent Colt Industries Operating Corp is the leading manufacturer, seller, and marketer of "M16" rifles and their parts and accessories. Colt's dominant market position dates back to 1959, when it acquired a license for 16 patents to manufacture the M16's precursor. Colt continued to develop the rifle, which the United States Army adopted as its standard assault rifle, and patented additional improvements. Through various devices, Colt has also maintained a shroud of secrecy around certain specifications essential to the mass production of interchangeable M16 parts. For example, Colt's patents conceal many of the manufacturing specifications that might otherwise be revealed by its engineering drawings, and when Colt licenses others to manufacture M16 parts or hires employees with access to proprietary information, it contractually obligates them not to disclose specifications.
Petitioner Christianson is a former Colt employee who acceded to such a nondisclosure agreement. Upon leaving respondent's employ in 1975, Christianson established petitioner International Trade Services, Inc. (ITS), and began selling M16 parts to various customers domestically and abroad. Petitioners' business depended on information that Colt considers proprietary. Colt expressly waived its proprietary rights at least as to some of petitioners' early transactions. The precise scope of Colt's waiver is a matter of considerable dispute. In 1983, however, Colt joined petitioners as defendants in a patent infringement lawsuit against two companies that had arranged a sale of M16s to El Salvador.
Evidence suggested that petitioners supplied the companies with certain M16 specifications, and Colt sought a court order enjoining petitioners from any further disclosures. When the District Court declined the motion, Colt voluntarily dismissed its claims against petitioners. In the meantime, Colt notified several of petitioners' current and potential customers that petitioners were illegally misappropriating Colt's trade secrets, and urged them to refrain from doing business with petitioners.
"pursuant to Section 4 . . . (15 U.S.C. § 15) and Section 16 of the Clayton Act (§ 15 U.S.C. § 26) for damages, injunctive and equitable relief by reason of its violations of Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. §§ 1 & 2). . . ."
"18. The validity of the Colt patents had been assumed throughout the life of the Colt patents through 1980. Unless such patents were invalid through the wrongful retention of proprietary information in contravention of United States Patent Law (35 U.S.C. § 112), in 1980, when such patents expired, anyone 'who has ordinary skill in the rifle-making art' is able to use the technology of such expired patents for which Colt earlier had a monopoly position for 17 years."
"19. ITS and anyone else has the right to manufacture, contract for the manufacture, supply, market and sell the M-16 and M-16 parts and accessories thereof at the present time."
its conduct was justified by a need to protect its trade secrets, and countersued on a variety of claims arising out of petitioners' alleged misappropriation of M16 specifications.
"Colt's trade secrets are invalid, and that [their] claim of invalidity shall be taken as established with respect to all claims and counterclaims to which said issue is material."
The District Court awarded petitioners summary judgment as to liability on both the antitrust and the tortious interference claims, essentially relying on the § 112 theory articulated above. In the process, the District Court invalidated nine of Colt's patents, declared all trade secrets relating to the M16 unenforceable, enjoined Colt from enforcing "any form of trade secret right in any technical information relating to the M16," and ordered Colt to disgorge to petitioners all such information. 613 F.Supp. 330, 332 (CD Ill.1985).
Respondent appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which, after full briefing and argument, concluded that it lacked jurisdiction and issued an unpublished order transferring the appeal to the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. See 28 U.S.C. § 1631. The Seventh Circuit, however, raising the jurisdictional issue sua sponte, concluded that the Federal Circuit was "clearly wrong," and transferred the case back. 798 F.2d at 1056-1057, 1062.
The Federal Circuit, for its part, adhered to its prior jurisdictional ruling, concluding that the Seventh Circuit exhibited "a monumental misunderstanding of the patent jurisdiction granted this court," 822 F.2d at 1547, and was "clearly wrong," id. at 1551, n. 7. Nevertheless, the Federal Circuit proceeded to address the merits in the "interest of justice," id. at 1559-1560, and reversed the District Court. We granted certiorari, 484 U.S. 985 (1987), and now vacate the judgment of the Federal Circuit.
"an appeal from a final decision of a district court of the United States . . . if the jurisdiction of that court was based, in whole or in part, on [28 U.S.C.] section 1338. . . . [Footnote 1]"
Section 1338(a), in turn, provides in relevant part that "[t]he district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any civil action arising under any Act of Congress relating to patents. . . ." Thus, the jurisdictional issue before us turns on whether this is a case "arising under" a federal patent statute, for, if it is, then the jurisdiction of the District Court was based at least "in part" on § 1338.
or sustained by the opposite construction of these laws."
"only those cases in which a well-pleaded complaint establishes either that federal law creates the cause of action or that the plaintiff's right to relief necessarily depends on resolution of a substantial question of federal law,"
only to those cases in which a well-pleaded complaint establishes either that federal patent law creates the cause of action or that the plaintiff's right to relief necessarily depends on resolution of a substantial question of federal patent law, in that patent law is a necessary element of one of the well-pleaded claims. See 822 F.2d at 1553-1556; 798 F.2d at 1059-1061.
"'must be determined from what necessarily appears in the plaintiff's statement of his own claim in the bill or declaration, unaided by anything alleged in anticipation or avoidance of defenses which it is thought the defendant may interpose.'"
"even if the defense is anticipated in the plaintiff's complaint, and even if both parties admit that the defense is the only question truly at issue in the case."
Franchise Tax Board, supra, at 463 U. S. 14. [Footnote 3] See also Merrell Dow, supra, at 478 U. S. 808.
"on the face of a well-pleaded complaint, there are . . . reasons completely unrelated to the provisions and purposes of [the patent laws] why the [plaintiff] may or may not be entitled to the relief it seeks,"
Franchise Tax Board, 463 U.S. at 463 U. S. 26 (footnote omitted), then the claim does not "arise under" those laws. See id. at 463 U. S. 26, n. 29. Thus, a claim supported by alternative theories in the complaint may not form the basis for § 1338 jurisdiction unless patent law is essential to each of those theories.
Framed in these terms, our resolution of the jurisdictional issue in this case is straightforward. Petitioners' antitrust count can readily be understood to encompass both a monopolization claim under § 2 of the Sherman Act and a group boycott claim under § 1. The patent law issue, while arguably necessary to at least one theory under each claim, is not necessary to the overall success of either claim.
"embarked on a course of conduct to illegally extend its monopoly position with respect to the described patents and to prevent ITS from engaging in any business with respect to parts and accessories of the M-16."
"willful acquisition or maintenance of [monopoly] power as distinguished from growth or development as a consequence of a superior product, business acumen, or historic accident."
United States v. Grinnell Corp., 384 U. S. 563, 384 U. S. 570-571 (1966). Both the Seventh Circuit and Colt focus entirely on what they perceive to be "the only basis Christianson asserted in the complaint for the alleged antitrust violation," 798 F.2d at 1061; see Brief for Respondent 32 -- namely, that Colt made false assertions in its letters and pleadings that petitioners were violating its trade secrets when those trade secrets were not protected under state law because Colt's patents were invalid under § 112. Thus, Colt concludes, the validity of the patents is an essential element of petitioners' prima facie monopolization theory, and the case "arises under" patent law.
We can assume, without deciding, that the invalidity of Colt's patents is an essential element of the foregoing monopolization theory, rather than merely an argument in anticipation of a defense. But see 822 F.2d at 1547. The well-pleaded complaint rule, however, focuses on claims, not theories, see Franchise Tax Board, 463 U.S. at 463 U. S. 26, and n. 29; Gully, 299 U.S. at 299 U. S. 117, and just because an element that is essential to a particular theory might be governed by federal patent law does not mean that the entire monopolization claim "arises under" patent law.
and in violation of the anti-trust laws . . . Colt has embarked upon a course of conduct . . . to prevent ITS from engaging in any business with respect to parts and accessories of the M-16"). In fact, most of the conduct alleged in the complaint could be deemed wrongful quite apart from the truth or falsity of Colt's accusations. According to the complaint, Colt's letters also (1) contained "copies of inapplicable court orders" and "suggest[ed] that these court orders prohibited [the recipients] from doing business with" petitioners; and (2) "falsely stat[ed] that Colt's right' to proprietary data had been `consistently upheld in various courts.'" Id. at 10. Similarly, the complaint alleges that Colt's lawsuit against petitioners (1) was designed "to contravene the permission previously given"; (2) was "[p]ursued . . . in bad faith by subjecting [petitioners] to substantial expense in extended discovery procedures"; and (3) was brought only to enable Colt "to urge customers and potential customers of [petitioners] to refrain from doing business with them." Id. at 10-11. Since there are "reasons completely unrelated to the provisions and purposes" of federal patent law why petitioners "may or may not be entitled to the relief [they] see[k]" under their monopolization claim, Franchise Tax Board, supra, at 26 (footnote omitted), the claim does not "arise under" federal patent law.
"virtually all suppliers of ITS and customers of ITS have agreed with Colt to refrain from supplying and purchasing M-16 parts and accessories to or from ITS, which has had the effect of requiring ITS to close its doors and no longer transact business."
invalidity under § 112, Colt had no trade secrets to infringe. Whether or not the patent law issue was an "essential" element of that group boycott theory, however, petitioners could have supported their group boycott claim with any of several theories having nothing to do with the validity of Colt's patents. Equally prominent in the complaint, for example, is a theory that the alleged agreement was unreasonable, not because Colt had no trade secrets to protect, but because Colt authorized petitioners to use them. Once again, the appearance on the complaint's face of an alternative, nonpatent theory compels the conclusion that the group boycott claim does not "arise under" patent law.
Colt offers three arguments for finding jurisdiction in the Federal Circuit, notwithstanding the well-pleaded complaint rule. The first derives from congressional policy; the second is based on Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(b); and the third is grounded in principles of the law of the case. We find none of them persuasive.
district court . . . if the jurisdiction of that court was based . . . on section 1338." 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(1) (emphasis added). Since the district court's jurisdiction is determined by reference to the well-pleaded complaint, not the well-tried case, the referent for the Federal Circuit's jurisdiction must be the same. The legislative history of the Federal Circuit's jurisdictional provisions confirms that focus. See, e.g., H.R.Rep. No. 97-312, supra, at 41 (cases fall within the Federal Circuit's patent jurisdiction "in the same sense that cases are said to arise under' federal law for purposes of federal question jurisdiction"). In view of that clear congressional intent, we have no more authority to read § 1295(a)(1) as granting the Federal Circuit jurisdiction over an appeal where the well-pleaded complaint does not depend on patent law, than to read § 1338 as granting a district court jurisdiction over such a complaint. See Pratt, 168 U.S. at 168 U. S. 259.
amended to encompass a new and independent cause of action -- "an implied cause of action under section 112 of the patent laws." Brief for Respondent 28. Such a cause of action, which Colt finds in petitioners' summary judgment papers, would plainly "arise under" the patent laws, regardless of its merit. See 822 F.2d at 1566 (Nichols, J., concurring and dissenting).
We need not decide under what circumstances, if any, a court of appeals could furnish itself a jurisdictional basis unsupported by the pleadings by deeming the complaint amended in light of the parties' "express or implied consent" to litigate a claim. Fed.Rule Civ.Proc. 15(b). In this case, there is simply no evidence of any consent among the parties to litigate the new patent law claim that Colt imputes to petitioners. Colt points to nothing in petitioners' summary judgment motion expressly raising such a new cause of action, much less anything in its own motion papers suggesting consent to one. See App. 57-58. True, the summary judgment papers focused almost entirely on the patent law issues, which petitioners deemed "[b]asic and fundamental to the subject lawsuit." Id. at 57. But those issues fell squarely within the purview of the theories of recovery, defenses, and counterclaims that the pleadings already encompassed. Petitioners recognized as much when they moved the District Court to hold that their "claim of [patent] invalidity shall be taken as established with respect to all claims and counterclaims to which said issue is material." Id. at 58. Thus, the patent law focus of the summary judgment papers hardly heralded the assertion of a new patent law claim. See, e.g., Quillen v. International Playtex, Inc., 789 F.2d 1041, 1044 (CA4 1986); 6 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1493, p. 466 (1971). Moreover, the District Court never intimated that the patent issues were relevant to any cause of action other than the antitrust and intentional interference claims raised expressly in the complaint; the court four times linked its judgment to "liability on Counts I and II," without any reference to the hypothetical Count III that Colt imputes to petitioners. 609 F.Supp. 1174, 1185 (CD Ill.1985). See also 613 F.Supp. at 332.
Colt's final argument is that the Federal Circuit was obliged not to revisit the Seventh Circuit's thorough analysis of the jurisdictional issue, but merely to adopt it as the law of the case. See also 822 F.2d at 1565 (Nichols, J., concurring and dissenting).
[of the law of the case] posits that, when a court decides upon a rule of law, that decision should continue to govern the same issues in subsequent stages in the same case."
Arizona v. California, 460 U. S. 605, 460 U. S. 618 (1983) (dictum). This rule of practice promotes the finality and efficiency of the judicial process by "protecting against the agitation of settled issues." 1B J. Moore, J. Lucas, & T. Currier, Moore's Federal Practice ¦ 0.404, p. 118 (1984) (hereinafter Moore's).
supra, at 225 U. S. 444; Hamilton-Brown Shoe Co. v. Wolf Brothers & Co., 240 U. S. 251, 240 U. S. 257-259 (1916).
Our agreement with the Federal Circuit's conclusion that it lacked jurisdiction compels us to disapprove of its decision to reach the merits anyway "in the interest of justice." 822 F.2d at 1559. "Courts created by statute can have no jurisdiction but such as the statute confers." Sheldon v. Sill, 8 How. 441, 49 U. S. 449 (1850). See also Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. v. Risjord, 449 U. S. 368, 449 U. S. 379-380 (1981). The statute confers on the Federal Circuit authority to make a single decision upon concluding that it lacks jurisdiction -- whether to dismiss the case or, "in the interest of justice," to transfer it to a court of appeals that has jurisdiction. 28 U.S.C. § 1631.
The age-old rule, that a court may not in any case, even in the interest of justice, extend its jurisdiction where none exists, has always worked injustice in particular cases. Parties often spend years litigating claims, only to learn that their efforts and expense were wasted in a court that lacked jurisdiction. Even more exasperating for the litigants (and wasteful for all concerned) is a situation where, as here, the litigants are bandied back and forth helplessly between two courts, each of which insists the other has jurisdiction. Such situations inhere in the very nature of jurisdictional lines, for, as our cases aptly illustrate, few jurisdictional lines can be so finely drawn as to leave no room for disagreement on close cases. See, e.g., K mart Corp. v. Cartier, Inc., 485 U. S. 176 (1988); United States v. Hohri, 482 U. S. 64 (1987).
private and public resources, and commit far too much of this Court's calendar to the resolution of fact-specific jurisdictional disputes that lack national importance.
"Surely a seemly system of judicial remedies . . . regarding controverted transfer provisions of the United States Code should encourage, not discourage, quick settlement of questions of transfer. . . ."
Blaski, supra, at 349 (Frankfurter, J., dissenting). The courts of appeals should achieve this end by adhering strictly to principles of law of the case. See supra, at 486 U. S. 817. Situations might arise, of course, in which the transferee court considers the transfer "clearly erroneous." Arizona v. California, 460 U.S. at 460 U. S. 618, n. 8. But, as "[t]he doctrine of the law of the case is . . . a heavy deterrent to vacillation on arguable issues," 1B Moore's ¦ 0.404 at 124, such reversals should necessarily be exceptional; courts will rarely transfer cases over which they have clear jurisdiction, and close questions, by definition, never have clearly correct answers. Under law-of-the-case principles, if the transferee court can find the transfer decision plausible, its jurisdictional inquiry is at an end. See Fogel v. Chestnutt, 668 F.2d 100, 109 (CA2 1981) ("The law of the case will be disregarded only when the court has a clear conviction of error'") (citation omitted), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 828 (1982). While adherence to the law of the case will not shield an incorrect jurisdictional decision should this Court choose to grant review, see supra, at 486 U. S. 817-818, it will obviate the necessity for us to resolve every marginal jurisdictional dispute.
We vacate the judgment of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and remand with instructions to transfer the case to the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. See 28 U.S.C. § 1631.
Colt's appeal to the Federal Circuit actually invoked 28 U.S.C. §§ 1292(a)(1) and (c)(1), which together grant the Federal Circuit exclusive jurisdiction over appeals from interlocutory orders "granting, continuing, modifying, refusing or dissolving [an] injunctio[n]," § 1292(a)(1), "in any case over which the court would have jurisdiction over an appeal under section 1295," § 1292(c)(1).
Colt correctly points out that, in this case, our interpretation of § 1338's "arising under" language will merely determine which of two federal appellate courts will decide the appeal, and suggests that our "arising under" jurisprudence might therefore be inapposite. Since, however, § 1338 delineates the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts over cases involving patent issues, the phrase (like the identical phrase in § 1331) "masks a welter of issues regarding the interrelation of federal and state authority and the proper management of the federal judicial system." See Franchise Tax Board of California v. Construction Laborers Vacation Trust, 463 U. S. 1, 463 U. S. 8 (1983) (footnote omitted). See also Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson, 478 U. S. 804, 478 U. S. 810 (1986) ("[D]eterminations about federal jurisdiction require sensitive judgments about congressional intent, judicial power, and the federal system").
On the other hand, merely because a claim makes no reference to federal patent law does not necessarily mean the claim does not "arise under" patent law. Just as "a plaintiff may not defeat removal by omitting to plead necessary federal questions in a complaint," Franchise Tax Board, supra, at 463 U. S. 22 (citations omitted); see Federated Department Stores, Inc. v. Moitie, 452 U. S. 394, 452 U. S. 397, n. 2 (1981); id. at 452 U. S. 408, n. 3 (BRENNAN, J., dissenting), so a plaintiff may not defeat § 1338 jurisdiction by omitting to plead necessary federal patent law questions.
"When issues not raised by the pleadings are tried by express or implied consent of the parties, they shall be treated in all respects as if they had been raised in the pleadings. Such amendment of the pleadings as may be necessary to cause them to conform to the evidence and to raise these issues may be made upon motion of any party at any time, even after judgment; but failure to so amend does not affect the result of the trial of these issues."
There is no reason to apply law-of-the-case principles less rigorously to transfer decisions that implicate the transferee's jurisdiction. Perpetual litigation of any issue -- jurisdictional or nonjurisdictional -- delays, and therefore threatens to deny, justice. But cf. Potomac Passengers Assn. v. Chesapeake & Ohio R. Co., 171 U.S.App.D.C. 359, 363, n. 22, 520 F.2d 91, 95, n. 22 (1975).
that common-sense accommodation of judgment to kaleidoscopic situations which characterizes the law in its treatment of problems of causation . . . a selective process which picks the substantial causes out of the web and lays the other ones aside."
Gully v. First National Bank, 299 U. S. 109, 299 U. S. 117-118 (1936). Although I agree with the Court's conclusion in this case that appellate jurisdiction is in the Seventh Circuit, rather than the Federal Circuit, I write separately to emphasize that a common-sense application of Justice Cardozo's dictum requires that the answer to the question whether a claim arises under the patent laws may depend on the time when the question is asked. More specifically, if the question is asked at the end of a trial, in order to decide whether the Federal Circuit has appellate jurisdiction, the answer may be different than if it had been asked at the outset, to decide whether a federal district court has jurisdiction to try the case.
"grant of jurisdiction are covered by Justice Holmes' statement that a 'suit arises under the law that creates the cause of action.' Thus, the vast majority of cases brought under the general federal question jurisdiction of the federal courts are those in which federal law creates the cause of action."
"Congress' goals would be better served if the Federal Circuit's jurisdiction were to be fixed 'by reference to the case actually litigated,' rather than by an ex ante hypothetical assessment of the elements of the complaint that might have been dispositive,"
ante at 486 U. S. 813, the Court's opinion might be read as suggesting that whether patent claims are properly before the Federal Circuit on appeal should be determined by examining only the initial complaint, and not by ascertaining whether a patent claim in fact was litigated in the case. Such an approach would assume that whether a case "arises under" the patent laws turns on the same considerations whether one is determining the Federal Circuit's appellate jurisdiction or a federal district court's original jurisdiction. But although 28 U.S.C.
§ 1338(a) provides the basis for both types of jurisdictional assessment, I think it clear that Congress could not have intended precisely the same analysis in both instances. Two simple examples will illustrate the point.
If a patentee should file a two-count complaint seeking damages (1) under the antitrust laws and (2) for patent infringement, the district court's jurisdiction would unquestionably be based, at least in part, on § 1338(a). If, however, pretrial discovery convinced the plaintiff that no infringement had occurred, and count 2 was therefore dismissed voluntarily in advance of trial, the case that would actually be litigated would certainly not arise under the patent laws for purposes of appellate jurisdiction. Even though the district court's original jurisdiction when the complaint was filed had been based, in part, on § 1338(a), the case would no longer be one arising under the patent laws for purposes of Federal Circuit review when the district court's judgment was entered. Conversely, if an original complaint alleging only an antitrust violation should be amended after discovery to add a patent law claim, and if the plaintiff should be successful in proving that its patent was valid and infringed but unsuccessful in proving any basis for recovery under the antitrust laws, the district court's judgment would sustain a claim arising under the patent laws, even though the complaint initially invoking its jurisdiction had not mentioned it, and an appeal would properly lie in the Federal Circuit.
that appeals of patent law claims go to the Federal Circuit would be thwarted by determining that court's appellate jurisdiction only through an examination of the complaint as initially filed. That approach would enable an unscrupulous plaintiff to manipulate appellate court jurisdiction by the timing of the amendments to its complaint. The Court expressly leaves open the question whether a constructive amendment could provide the foundation for Federal Circuit patent law jurisdiction, see ante at 486 U. S. 814-815, [Footnote 2/4] and says nothing on the subject whether actual amendments to the complaint can so suffice. But since respondent has asked us to rule in its favor on the ground that petitioners' complaint added a patent law claim through constructive amendment, I think we should make it perfectly clear that, even though respondent's approach to the jurisdictional question is sound, its application of that approach to this case fails because the claim that was actually litigated did not arise under the patent laws. Nevertheless, since what the Court has written is not inconsistent with this view, I join its opinion.
Title 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(1) grants the Federal Circuit appellate jurisdiction over final decisions of federal district courts whose jurisdiction "was based, in whole or in part, on section 1338 of this title." Title 28 U.S.C. § 1338(a), in turn, grants the federal district courts "original jurisdiction of any civil action arising under any Act of Congress relating to patents. . . ." As the Court correctly states, ante at 486 U. S. 807-810, § 1338 jurisdiction, like § 1331 jurisdiction, is over claims, not issues. See H.R.Rep. No. 97-312, p. 41 (1981) ("Cases will be within the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in the same sense that cases are said to arise under' federal law for purposes of federal question jurisdiction. Contrast Coastal States Marketing, Inc. v. New England Petroleum Corp., 604 F.2d 179 (2d Cir. 1979) [Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals properly has jurisdiction over issues, not claims, arising under the Economic Stabilization Act]").
In this context, it is important to note that the "well-pleaded complaint" rule helps ferret out claims from issues, and says nothing about whether such separation should be made only on the basis of the original complaint.
Indeed, since it seems plain that no implied cause of action exists under § 112 -- which, after all, merely describes the nature of the specifications that must be included with a patent application -- a plaintiff's attempt at gaining federal court jurisdiction through a claim arising under § 112 would be properly rejected under the "artful pleading" doctrine. See, e.g., Skelly Oil Co. v. Phillips Petroleum Co., 339 U. S. 667, 339 U. S. 673-674 (1950) ("To sanction suits for declaratory relief as within the jurisdiction of the District Courts merely because, as in this case, artful pleading anticipates a defense based on federal law would contravene the whole trend of jurisdictional legislation by Congress, disregard the effective functioning of the federal judicial system and distort the limited procedural purpose of the Declaratory Judgment Act"); Federated Department Stores, Inc. v. Moitie, 452 U. S. 394, 452 U. S. 397, n. 2 (1981) (District Court properly found that respondents "had attempted to avoid removal jurisdiction by artful[ly]' casting their `essentially federal law claims' as state law claims"); Caterpillar Inc. v. Williams, 482 U. S. 386, 482 U. S. 397 (1987) ("artful pleading" doctrine cannot be invoked by party attempting to justify removal on the basis of facts not alleged in the complaint); 14A C. Wright, A. Miller, & E. Cooper, Federal Practice and Procedure § 3722, pp. 266-276 (1985); see also Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson, 478 U. S. 804 (1986) (incorporation of federal standard in state law private action, when no cause of action, either express or implied, exists for violations of that federal standard, does not make the action one "arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States").
"Rule 15. Amended and Supplemental Pleadings."
"(b) Amendments to Conform to the Evidence. When issues not raised by the pleadings are tried by express or implied consent of the parties, they shall be treated in all respects as if they had been raised in the pleadings. Such amendment of the pleadings as may be necessary to cause them to conform to the evidence and to raise these issues may be made upon motion of any party at any time, even after judgment; but failure so to amend does not affect the result of the trial of these issues. . . ."
"We need not decide under what circumstances, if any, a court of appeals could furnish itself a jurisdictional basis unsupported by the pleadings by deeming the complaint amended in light of the parties' 'express or implied consent' to litigate a claim. Fed.Rule Civ.Proc. 15(b)."


Rochester Police have identified the man who was involved in the standoff with police on Sunday as Thomas Brantner, Jr., 41, of Rochester.
Brantner is charged with aggravated assault, simple assault and resisting arrest in connection with the incident.
According to court documents, police responded to the Sheetz store on Adams Street around 9:30 a.m. after a woman alleged that Brantner had assaulted her earlier. The woman told police that she sustained injuries to her head and arms.
When police went to Brantner's home at 517 Connecticut Ave. to speak with him, he locked the front and back doors of the home, and refused to respond to numerous attempts by police to contact him, the criminal complaint said.
During the standoff, residents in the area of Brantner's residence were asked to stay indoors, police said.
The situation was resolved Sunday afternoon when Brantner surrendered to police.
Brantner is in the Beaver County Jail after failing to post $50,000 bond and faces a Nov. 1 preliminary hearing.


text:
What's it Like Being a Sound Engineer for Video Games?
Audio engineering for the game industry is nothing short of grueling. While many sound designers and audio engineers jump at the opportunity to work on a video game, that's not to say it's easy work. Sound design in games is often the most overlooked aspect of game production, and yet it's vital to the overall experience for players. Having said that, the overall feel of a video game relies heavily on the audio engineer's ability.
The audio engineer is responsible for adding realism to the in-game world with sounds. Every game has its own reality and identity, and the audio engineer needs to be able to understand and encapsulate the game's essence in the audio they produce. That includes blending dynamic sound effects with ambient sounds and background music to bring life to the game's world, but it's hardly limited to such.
What Does a Game Audio Engineer Do?
As you might expect, the audio engineer has to juggle several moving parts in the overall production of a game's soundtrack. For clarification, when we say soundtrack, we mean the entire sound mix, which includes sound effects, ambiences, voice, and music. In other words, the sound engineer creates the sound effects to support the game's actions, provides any necessary ambient audio, and processes the character's voices. Of course, they need to mix all these elements along with the music tracks in a way that matches the producers vision for the overall aesthetic of the world being created.
The audio engineer for games might also run auditions for voice actors and then facilitate the voice over recording and editing to get the right energy, style, and tone out of the actors.
Once the voice over work is complete and the sound effects are in place, the audio engineer goes to work to edit, mix, and master all the different elements to make a seamless soundtrack, and ultimately help create the atmosphere and immersion desired by the studio or game producer.
Requirements of a Game Audio Engineer
Given that audio is such an integral aspect of video games and their overall feel for the player, a great deal of work is required from the audio engineer. Of course, creating and mixing the actual audio is just one aspect of the process; the role of a video game audio engineer typically entails much more. Take look below:
The audio engineer must frequently communicate with the game designers to assess the game and the type of audio it will require, such as music, sound effects, and foley.
In creating sounds, the engineer typically sifts through SFX libraries for source material, which will then be layered and processed to attain the perfect sound.
Of course, many sounds effects have to be created by the engineer themselves. While it can be a fun process, that's not to say it isn't painstaking, as the effects have to be perfect.
Needless to say, game audio engineers require an extensive knowledge of both audio equipment and the software needed to process effects, create sounds, and mix the entire soundtrack.
To accomplish seamless audio that immerses the player and moves the storyline of the game along, engineers require a great sense of timing. This may be when music starts, or matching a sound with a character's footstep within the game.
Furthermore, all the above work must be completed within a specific timeline, determined by the game's development company. Within this, audio engineers must possess the ability to communicate with others, manage a schedule, coordinate recording sessions, and more.
Achieving Optimal Game Audio
Clearly, game audio requires in-depth developing to achieve optimal sound that both immerses players and provides an interactive experience. From its earliest stages to the final product, a video game's sound design is one of the most important factors, alongside the actual visuals and gameplay.
If you're working on a video game, or any project requiring sound design, Creative Media Design can help. If you're interested in working with us, you can contact us here or give us a call at 212-213-9420. For more information, you can also view our services page.


text:
Cronos, Solana, And Polkadot Lag Behind BudBlockz In Growth And Innovation
2022 was a roller coaster for all cryptocurrencies. Events like FTX's downfall resulted in a crypto Winter, causing drastic declines in price charts of popular cryptos, including Cronos, Solana, and Polkadot.
The market condition shifted investors' attention to new promising cryptos that are currently fetching exceptional gains, one of these emerging new crypto projects being BudBlockz (BLUNT) market share in the smart contract arena.
BudBlockz (BLUNT)
The global legal cannabis market was valued at USD 17.8 billion in 2021 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25.3% from 2022 to 2030.
The increasing rate of legalization of cannabis and acceptance of its use in the medical field are the key factors for which the market is expected to boom.
BudBlockz is building the world's first decentralized online eCommerce for cannabis enthusiasts to access the global cannabis markets privately and securely.
BudBlockz (BLUNT) plans to connect its users with fractionalized ownership in farms, dispensaries, and CBD manufacturers.
It will also feature its NFT collection, known as the Ganja Guruz NFT Collection, which, when released, will add an even greater level of utility to the network.
The platform's native token, $BLUNT, will power its ecosystem and drive many activities to grow the ecosystem through staking, governance, rewards, and voting.
Also, $BLUNT will play a crucial role in solving many issues cannabis companies and entrepreneurs face regarding fundraising, logistics, and data management.
The company offers another great opportunity for investors worldwide to become part of the platform's success story through its ongoing presale stage.
Crypto.com is a decentralized blockchain platform developed by the Crypto.com payment, trading, and financial services company.
$CRO is the utility token for the Crypto.com exchange. CRO can be used to pay fees on the platform and staked to qualify for various benefits.
The platform saw significant growth last year, partly reflecting Crypto.com's aggressive promotional activities. Like most crypto projects, CRO has struggled so far.
Crypto.com will allow users to buy and sell with fiat currency and debit cards, along with trading, lending, and borrowing. It also features a non-custodial wallet.
Crypto.com has its own problems. Within the U.S., Crypto.com is not available to New York residents. Also, expect to pay some hefty fees if you use a credit or debit card—as high as 4%.
While there are workarounds, like using ACH for transactions, not all banks can be connected to Crypto.com.
Solana is an open-source blockchain platform that supports smart contracts, including non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and various decentralized applications (dApps).
Native to Solana's blockchain is the SOL token, which provides network security through staking and a means of transferring value.
Anatoly Yakovenko created Solana alongside current Solana board member and Chief Operations Officer Raj Gokal.
Yakovenko came from a background in system design and wanted to apply his knowledge to a new blockchain paradigm that enabled faster processing speeds.
Solana (SOL) seems promising, but investors still need to decide about putting their money on the platform. Solana (SOL) has yet to make any progress in terms of price growth for a long while and is trending at a significantly low rate.
Polkadot is a network designed to join the dots with all other crypto networks. It is commonly referred to as a multi-chain network because it can join networks together, unlike networks like Bitcoin, which operates on its own.
It aims to act as a framework for all blockchains that opt-in, like how HTML allows sites, browsers, and servers to interact.
The idea is to take care of costly and messy cryptocurrency mining processes (including validation of transactions and security protocols) and enable developers to focus on creating dapp and smart contract functionality.
Polkadot (DOT) faces high competition from decentralized applications, including Ethereum, Tron, the Binance Smart Chain and Cardano. Polkadot does face a difficult battle in acquiring
Many experts have hinted that BudBlockz (BLUNT) is an important token to watch out for because it can potentially transform the cannabis industry.
Use promocode: BUYBLUNT for a 20% bonus on your purchase. Valid until January 31st.
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Top 10 Web3 Influencers that You Should Look Out for in 2023 February 1, 2023


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Best Car Safety Features | Consumer Reports
There are many ways to prevent car accidents. Consumer Reports looks at the latest technology designed to save people's lives. Check out https://www.ConsumerReports.org
for the latest reviews, tips, and recommendations and subscribe to our YouTube Channel: http://bit.ly/1Nlb1Ez
Posted by Vaca Valley Truck & SUV at 10:00 PM
Driving Tips for Wet Roads
Wet pavement contributes to over 1 million crashes each year! Here are AAA's tips if you're caught driving in the rain. www.aaa.com/safety
Posted by Vaca Valley Truck & SUV at 7:50 AM
A.R.E. DoubleCover - Unique Truck Bed Cover That Lifts And Retracts - Quick Overview
The A.R.E. DoubleCover truck bed cover. The Industry's first and only truck bed cover that lifts up for quick access and retracts for full bed access. Learn more at: https://www.4are.com/#
Ask An Expert - Towing and Hauling Tips with Mark Hellwig
Hellwig Suspension Products CEO, Mark Hellwig has been in the load and sway control business his whole life. Over the years he has learned a few things about towing and hauling.
Mark shares a few tips and pieces of advice for proper and safe towing and hauling in this video.
Posted by Vaca Valley Truck & SUV at 9:00 PM
4 Tips to Drive Like a Pro | Consumer Reports
Consumer Reports' driving expert takes to the CR test track to show you how to be a safer driver. Check out https://www.ConsumerReports.org
NEW STUDY FINDS GREATER GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS FOR PICKUP TRUCK ELECTRIFICATION THAN FOR OTHER LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
A University of Michigan and Ford Motor Company study evaluates the reductions in greenhouse gas emissions relative to gasoline-powered pickup trucks as part of the decarbonization of the transportation industry.
Sedan, SUV, and pickup truck battery-electric vehicles have approximately 64% lower cradle-to-grave life cycle greenhouse gas emissions than internal-combustion-engine vehicles on average across the United States.
Replacing an internal-combustion-engine pickup with a battery-electric pickup results in a reduction of 74 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent over the lifetime of the vehicle on average.
While battery-electric vehicles currently have larger greenhouse gas emissions in their manufacturing than internal-combustion-engine vehicles, due to battery production, this impact is offset by savings in their operation.
Major automotive manufacturers are ramping up the production of electric trucks as a key strategy to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of their fleets. Light-duty vehicles, including sedans, SUVs, and pickup trucks, are currently responsible for 58% of U.S. transportation sector emissions. Pickup trucks accounted for 14% of light-duty vehicle sales in the United States in 2020, and the market share of both pickups and SUVs has grown in recent years.
But what does pickup truck electrification mean for the decarbonization of the transportation industry?
University of Michigan and Ford Motor Company researchers addressed this question in a new study and evaluated the savings in greenhouse gas emissions relative to gasoline-powered pickup trucks.
Researchers found that light-duty, battery-electric vehicles have approximately 64% lower cradle-to-grave life cycle greenhouse gas emissions than internal-combustion-engine vehicles on average across the United States.
"This is an important study to inform and encourage climate action. Our research clearly shows substantial greenhouse gas emission reductions that can be achieved from transitioning to electrified powertrains across all vehicle classes," said study senior author Greg Keoleian, a professor at the U-M School for Environment and Sustainability and director of the U-M Center for Sustainable Systems.
"This study can help us to understand the potential impact of electrification from an emissions-reduction perspective, particularly as we introduce new electric vehicles, and how we can continue to accelerate our progress towards carbon neutrality. We're proud to partner with U-M in this critical work," said Cynthia Williams, global director of sustainability, homologation and compliance at Ford.
In the study, researchers conducted a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment of pickup trucks and compared the implications of pickup truck electrification to those of sedan and SUV electrification.
With a focus on evaluating greenhouse gas emissions, researchers looked at three different model year 2020 powertrain options—internal-combustion-engine vehicles, hybrid-electric vehicles, and battery-electric vehicles—for midsize sedans, midsize SUVs, and full-size pickup trucks, accounting for differences in fuel economy, annual mileage, vehicle production, and vehicle lifetime across vehicle classes.
"This study expands upon previous studies that have focused on comparing battery-electric vehicle sedans to their internal-combustion-engine or hybrid counterparts," said Keoleian. "We report emissions for vehicle production, use, and end-of-life stages on a per-mile basis and over the total vehicle lifetime. In addition, we analyzed the regional variation in emissions considering differences in electricity grid mixes and ambient temperatures, and we also explored the effects of the rate of grid decarbonization on emission reduction."
The study offers key findings. Researchers, for instance, found that switching an internal-combustion-engine vehicle to a battery-electric vehicle results in greater total tonnage of emissions reductions as the vehicle size increases, due to the greater fuel consumption of larger vehicles. "Though the percentage savings is approximately the same across vehicle classes, on average replacing an internal-combustion-engine sedan with a battery-electric sedan saves 45 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, replacing an internal-combustion-engine SUV with a battery-electric SUV saves 56 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, and replacing an internal-combustion-engine pickup with a battery-electric pickup saves 74 metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent over the lifetime of the vehicles," said study first author and Center for Sustainable Systems Research Specialist Max Woody.
The researchers also found that battery-electric vehicles have larger greenhouse gas emissions in their manufacturing than internal-combustion-engine vehicles, due to battery production, but this impact is offset by savings in their operation. For battery-electric vehicles and internal-combustion-engine vehicles, the breakeven time is 1.2 to 1.3 years for sedans, 1.4 to 1.6 years for SUVs, and 1.3 years for pickup trucks, based on the average U.S. grid and vehicle miles traveled.
Vehicle emissions vary across the country, as different temperatures and different drive cycles affect a vehicle's fuel economy. For electric vehicles, the emissions intensity of the local electricity grid is also an important factor. The study developed maps to show the lifetime grams of carbon dioxide equivalent/mile for each powertrain (internal-combustion-engine vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and battery-electric vehicles) and vehicle type (sedan, SUV, and pickup truck) by county across the United States. Researchers found that concerns about battery-electric vehicles having higher emissions than internal-combustion-engine vehicles or hybrids are largely unfounded, as battery-electric vehicles outperform hybrids in 95% to 96% of counties, while battery-electric vehicles outperform internal-combustion-engine vehicles in 98% to 99% of counties, even assuming only modest progress towards grid decarbonization.
Charging strategies can further reduce battery-electric vehicle greenhouse gas emissions. The study found that charging during the hours of the day with the lowest grid emissions intensity can reduce emissions by 11% on average. "Deployment of electric vehicles and expansion of renewable energy resources like solar and wind should be done at the same time; the benefit of each is increased by the development of the other," said Woody.
The study, "The role of pickup truck electrification in the decarbonization of light-duty vehicles," was published online March 1 in the journal Environmental Research Letters.
The other authors of the study are Parth Vaishnav of the U-M School for Environment and Sustainability and Center for Sustainable Systems and Robert De Kleine, Hyung Chul Kim, James E. Anderson, and Timothy J. Wallington of Ford Motor Company's Research and Innovation Center.
This study was supported by Ford Motor Company through a Ford-University of Michigan Alliance Project Award.
About Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company (NYSE: F) is a global company based in Dearborn, Michigan, that is committed to helping build a better world, where every person is free to move and pursue their dreams. The company's Ford+ plan for growth and value creation combines existing strengths, new capabilities and always-on relationships with customers to enrich experiences for and deepen the loyalty of those customers. Ford designs, manufactures, markets and services a full line of connected, increasingly electrified passenger and commercial vehicles: Ford trucks, utility vehicles, vans and cars, and Lincoln luxury vehicles. The company is pursuing leadership positions in electrification, connected vehicle services and mobility solutions, including self-driving technology, and provides financial services through Ford Motor Credit Company. Ford employs about 183,000 people worldwide. More information about the company, its products and Ford Motor Credit Company is available at corporate.ford.com.
CURT Roof Rack Kayak Holders | Features & Benefits
This video shows the features and benefits of CURT roof rack kayak holders. The CURT kayak roof rack is highly adjustable, easy to install, corrosion-resistant and universal to fit most roof rack crossbars.
This kayak carrier is comprised of two roof kayak holders, each with fully rotating arms that incrementally adjust to fit virtually any size kayak or paddleboard. The arms can be precisely positioned to ensure a snug fit against the kayak, and they can just as easily be adjusted, using the quick-release, rotating levers.
For full security, each of the kayak carriers comes with an auxiliary strap to fasten down the kayak or paddleboard during travel. The rotating arms are equipped with foam pads to protect the kayak from scratches and scrapes.
The CURT kayak roof rack is fast and easy to install as needed on the vehicle rooftop without any tools required. It features simple T-nuts that easily tighten the kayak carriers into place, and the mounting brackets are designed to be universal, allowing them to fit onto most roof rack base rails.
The brackets comprising the CURT kayak carrier are constructed from lightweight, rust-free aluminum. The aluminum is powder-coated for maximum corrosion resistance, and the tubular profile supplies the kayak rack with ample strength while remaining lightweight. This kayak roof rack is rated to hold 75 pounds.
https://vacavalleytruck.com/
Drivetrains 101 | Consumer Reports
A car's drivetrain is how you get power from the engine to the wheels. Consumer Reports' expert explains the difference between front-wheel, rear-wheel drive, all-wheel, and four-wheel drive.
Leading The Electric Revolution and Sustainability | Ford
We're leaping off the line in the race to bring dependable and affordable electric vehicles to every American – and building a better future for American workers, American manufacturing, and the world we leave to our children.
A.R.E. DoubleCover - Unique Truck Bed Cover That L...
Ask An Expert - Towing and Hauling Tips with Mark ...
NEW STUDY FINDS GREATER GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS ...
Leading The Electric Revolution and Sustainability...


text:
Q: Spark Scala replace Dataframe blank records to "0" I need to replace my Dataframe field's blank records to "0"
Here is my code -->
import sqlContext.implicits._

case class CInspections (business_id:Int, score:String, date:String, type1:String)

val baseDir = "/FileStore/tables/484qrxx21488929011080/"
val raw_inspections = sc.textFile (s"$baseDir/inspections_plus.txt")
val raw_inspectionsmap = raw_inspections.map ( line => line.split ("\t"))
val raw_inspectionsRDD = raw_inspectionsmap.map ( raw_inspections => CInspections (raw_inspections(0).toInt,raw_inspections(1), raw_inspections(2),raw_inspections(3)))
val raw_inspectionsDF = raw_inspectionsRDD.toDF
raw_inspectionsDF.createOrReplaceTempView ("Inspections")
raw_inspectionsDF.printSchema
raw_inspectionsDF.show()

I am using case class and then converting to Dataframe. But I need "score" as Int as I have to perform some operations and sort it.
But if I declare it as score:Int then I am getting error for blank values.
java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: ""
+-----------+-----+--------+--------------------+
|business_id|score|    date|               type1|
+-----------+-----+--------+--------------------+
|         10|     |20140807|Reinspection/Foll...|
|         10|   94|20140729|Routine - Unsched...|
|         10|     |20140124|Reinspection/Foll...|
|         10|   92|20140114|Routine - Unsched...|
|         10|   98|20121114|Routine - Unsched...|
|         10|     |20120920|Reinspection/Foll...|
|         17|     |20140425|Reinspection/Foll...|
+-----------+-----+--------+--------------------+

I need score field as Int because for the below query, it sort as String not Int and giving wrong result
sqlContext.sql("""select raw_inspectionsDF.score  from raw_inspectionsDF where score <>"" order by score""").show()

+-----+
|score|
+-----+
|  100|
|  100|
|  100|
+-----+

A: Empty string can't be converted to Integer, you need to make the Score nullable so that if the field is missing, it is represented as null, you can try the following:
import scala.util.{Try, Success, Failure}

1) Define a customized parse function which returns None, if the string can't be converted to an Int, in your case empty string;
def parseScore(s: String): Option[Int] = {
  Try(s.toInt) match {
    case Success(x) => Some(x)
    case Failure(x) => None
  }
}

2) Define the score field in your case class to be an Option[Int] type;
case class CInspections (business_id:Int, score: Option[Int], date:String, type1:String)

val raw_inspections = sc.textFile("test.csv")
val raw_inspectionsmap = raw_inspections.map(line => line.split("\t"))

3) Use the customized parseScore function to parse the score field;
val raw_inspectionsRDD = raw_inspectionsmap.map(raw_inspections =>
    CInspections(raw_inspections(0).toInt, parseScore(raw_inspections(1)),
                 raw_inspections(2),raw_inspections(3)))

val raw_inspectionsDF = raw_inspectionsRDD.toDF
raw_inspectionsDF.createOrReplaceTempView ("Inspections")

raw_inspectionsDF.printSchema
//root
// |-- business_id: integer (nullable = false)
// |-- score: integer (nullable = true)
// |-- date: string (nullable = true)
// |-- type1: string (nullable = true)

raw_inspectionsDF.show()

+-----------+-----+----+-----+
|business_id|score|date|type1|
+-----------+-----+----+-----+
|          1| null|   a|    b|
|          2|    3|   s|    k|
+-----------+-----+----+-----+

4) After parsing the file correctly, you can easily replace null value with 0 using na functions fill:
raw_inspectionsDF.na.fill(0).show
+-----------+-----+----+-----+
|business_id|score|date|type1|
+-----------+-----+----+-----+
|          1|    0|   a|    b|
|          2|    3|   s|    k|
+-----------+-----+----+-----+