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Efficacy and safety of loxoprofen hydrogel patch versus loxoprofen tablet in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A 4‑week randomized, open‑label study
Meida Fan
Shuangyan Cao
Liudan Tu
Qiujing Wei
Riwei Yuan
Xuefeng Li
Jieruo Gu
Affiliations: Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
Published online on: May 2, 2019 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2019.1209
The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of loxoprofen sodium hydrogel patch (LX-P) vs. loxoprofen sodium tablet (LX-T) in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The study population consisted of patients who met the modified New York radiographic criteria for AS and had active disease. Patients were randomly assigned to either the LX-P group (LX-P 100 mg per day) or LX-T group (LX-T 60 mg 3 times daily) for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of patients reaching Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis 20% (ASAS20) response at week 4. Secondary efficacy outcomes included ASAS5/6 response rate and changes from baseline to week 4 for Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, patient's global assessment of disease activity, and pain score. Of the 70 randomized patients included, 35 patients were allocated to the LX-P group and 35 to the LX-T group. No significant differences were observed between the LX-P and LX-T groups in the proportion of patients achieving ASAS20 response at week 4 (54.3 vs. 74.3%; P=0.081), nor in the ASAS5/6 response and changes of efficacy outcomes between the two groups. Furthermore, patients without peripheral arthritis in the LX-P group were more likely to achieve ASAS20 response. There was a decreased incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events in the LX-P group, but this was not significant. There was no significant differences in efficacy and safety between topical LX-P and oral LX-T administration for patients with active AS.
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by inflammatory back pain, morning stiffness of the spine and enthesitis (1,2). It predominantly affects the axial skeleton, although peripheral joints may also be affected. Disease onset usually begins in the second or third decade of life. With the progression of disease, it may lead to structural and functional impairments, work disability and even loss of self-sufficiency (3,4).
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are strongly recommended for patients with AS (5,6). In addition, several studies have shown that long-term use of NSAIDs may delay radiographic progression in patients with AS (7,8). Oral NSAIDs is the most common route of administration. However, the use of oral NSAIDs may lead to gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal adverse events (9-13). Loxoprofen sodium (LX), a non-selective NSAID, has a particularly high risk of gastrointestinal disorders. Therefore, topically applied NSAIDs have been developed to decrease the risk of gastrointestinal adverse events while providing good levels of pain relief for local acute and chronic painful conditions (14,15). Loxoprofen in LX hydrogel patches (LX-P) can directly penetrate into the affected site and provide pain relief. Topical LX-P has been demonstrated to be non-inferior to oral LX tablet (LX-T) in efficacy and safety for patients with knee osteoarthritis in a randomized, double bind, controlled trial (16).
To the best of our knowledge, no randomized controlled trials of topical LX-P have been conducted in patients with AS to date. The aim of the present 4 week study was to assess the efficacy and safety of topical LX-P compared with oral LX-T in the treatment of patients with active AS in China.
Patients aged 18-65 years fulfilling the 1984 modified AS New York criteria (17) were eligible for inclusion. Patients should present with active disease, defined by a Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) (18) of ≥4 on a 0-10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) or an Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score using the C-reactive protein level (ASDAS-CRP) (19,20) of ≥1.3. Other defined inclusion criteria were: i) NSAIDs washout period of at least 5 days prior to randomization; ii) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs washout period of at least 4 weeks prior to randomization; iii) corticosteroids washout period of at least 4 weeks prior to randomization; and iv) biological agents washout period of at least 3 months prior to randomization. Sulfasalazine was permitted if the patient was taking a stable dose for 3 months prior to study entry. Patients with peripheral joint involvement were also included. Adequate contraception throughout the trial was required in women of childbearing age.
Patients were excluded if they had peptic ulcer, unstable cardiac diseases, abnormal hepatic or renal function, hematologic diseases, psychosis, or malignancy. Patients who were allergic to LX were also excluded.
The trial was a randomized open-label study conducted in the Department of Rheumatology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, (Guangzhou, China). The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki principles and the guidelines for Good Clinical Practice (21). The study was registered on 10 January 2019 at www.ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT03800797). Informed consents were obtained from all patients.
Clinical visits were performed at baseline (week 0), week 2, and week 4, or the time of discontinuing treatment by the same investigator. The demographic and disease characteristics were recorded at baseline. Every visit should record clinical and laboratory variables, evaluate efficacy outcomes and monitor adverse events.
Patients were randomized 1:1 to either the LX-P group or the LX-T group for 4 weeks using a computer-generated schedule. Treatment assignment was open to the investigators and patients. Each patient qualifying for treatment was dispensed the corresponding drug. LX-P (Lead Chemical Co., Ltd.) contained 50 mg LX per patch, while LX-T (Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.) contained 60 mg LX. Patients in the LX-P group applied LX-P 100 mg onto the pain spot of vertebra once daily starting at night. Patients in the LX-T group took LX-T 60 mg 3 times daily following meals. The doses for LX-P and LX-T were selected according to a previous clinical trial involving LX-P in knee osteoarthritis (16). Dose adjustments were not allowed during the study period. Usually, an optimal effect of an NSAID is reached no later than after 1-2 weeks (11), so the treatment duration was 4 weeks.
At the screening visit, concomitant therapies with gastrointestinal protective drugs, including misoprostol or proton pump inhibitors, were stopped if there was no history of gastroduodenal ulcers.
Efficacy evaluation
The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of patients reaching Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis 20% (ASAS20) response (22) at weeks 2 and 4, which was defined as an improvement of ≥20% and net improvement of ≥1 unit (0-10-cm VAS) from baseline in ≥3 of the following 4 domains, and absence of worsening in any domain: Patient's global assessment of disease activity (PTGA), pain assessment, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) (23) and clinical inflammation, determined by 2 morning stiffness-associated scores on the BASDAI. The secondary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of patients achieving ASAS5/6 response at weeks 2 and 4, defined as 20% improvement in 5 of the following 6 domains: PTGA, pain assessment, BASFI, inflammation, spinal mobility and CRP. Other efficacy measures included mean changes from baseline to week 4 for ASDAS-CRP, PTGA, total and nocturnal pain scores, clinical inflammation, BASDAI and BASFI.
Safety evaluation
Safety evaluations, including adverse events, physical examination and clinical laboratory tests, were monitored by the investigators throughout the study.
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Baseline demographic and disease characteristic variables were summarized using descriptive statistics. All efficacy endpoint analyses were conducted in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, which consisted of all randomized patients who took at least 1 dose of treatment. We used the last observation carried forward technique for patients who did not adhere to the study protocol.
Using the ITT population, the ASAS20 and ASAS5/6 response rates were analyzed by Pearson χ2 test. Patients were also stratified based on the presence or absence of peripheral arthritis to determine the effect of peripheral joint involvement on treatment response. Changes of efficacy endpoints from baseline to week 4 were analyzed using the Student's t-test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test depending on the Shapiro-Wilk normality test in the ITT population. The safety assessment were also conducted on all randomized patients. The incidence of adverse events was compared between the LX-P and LX-T groups using Fisher's exact test. For all analyses, statistical analysis was performed at α=0.05. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference.
Enrollment and characteristics of patients
From May 2015 to December 2015, 82 patients were screened, and 70 eligible patients were randomized into the 4-week trial, with 35 in the LX-P group and 35 in the LX-T group (Fig. 1). In total, 6 of 70 patients withdrew from the study following randomization, 3 from the LX-P group and 3 from the LX-T group, resulting in an overall dropout rate of 8.6%. The reasons for dropping out included adverse events, insufficient efficacy and loss to follow up.
Flow diagram of the study design. LX-P, loxoprofen sodium hydrogel patch; LX-T, loxoprofen sodium tablet.
At baseline, 48 (68.6%) patients were male, and 22 (31.4%) had peripheral arthritis. The baseline demographic and disease characteristics were similar between LX-P and LX-T groups (Table I).
Table I
Baseline demographic and disease characteristics of the patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
LX-P (n=35)
LX-T (n=35)
Demographic characteristics
Age, years 28 (24-36) 30 (23-36) 0.642
Male, no. (%) 22 (62.9) 26 (74.3) 0.303
Height, cm 165.3±7.9 166.3±6.5 0.575
Weight, kg 58.5±11.6 60.6±12.0 0.465
Smoking, no. (%) 9 (25.7) 12 (34.3) 0.434
Disease characteristics
HLA-B27 positive, no. (%) 35 (100.0) 34 (97.1) 1.000
Disease duration, years 5.0 (2.0-9.0) 4.0 (1.0-9.0) 0.773
Peripheral arthritis, no. (%) 9 (25.7) 13 (37.1) 0.303
Disease activity
PTGA, 0-10-cm VAS 5.0 (4.0-7.0) 6.0 (5.0-7.0) 0.273
Total pain score, 0-10-cm VAS 5.0 (3.0-7.0) 5.0 (4.0-7.0) 0.472
Nocturnal pain score, 0-10-cm VAS 6.0 (3.0-7.0) 5.0 (3.0-7.0) 0.387
Clinical inflammation, 0-10-cm VAS 3.8 (2.8-6.5) 3.8 (2.8-5.0) 0.557
BASDAI, 0-10-cm VAS 4.3±1.4 4.2±1.4 0.735
BASFI, 0-10-cm VAS 1.0 (0.2-1.8) 0.7 (0.2-1.9) 0.986
BASMI, 0-10-cm VAS 1.0 (0-2.0) 1.0 (0-3.0) 0.514
CRP, mg/l 5.9 (1.9-16.8) 8.5 (5.3-17.6) 0.109
ASDAS-CRP 2.8±0.9 3.0±0.7 0.223
Prior medications
NSAIDs, no. (%) 30 (85.7) 29 (82.9) 0.743
DMARDs, no. (%) 12 (34.3) 8 (22.9) 0.290
Biological agents, no. (%) 3 (8.6) 4 (11.4) 1.000
[i] Analyses were performed on the intention-to-treat population. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation for height, weight, BASDAI, and ASDAS-CRP, while data concerning age, disease duration, PTGA, total and nocturnal pain score, clinical inflammation, BASFI, BASMI, and CRP are presented as the median and interquartile range. PTGA, patient's global assessment of disease activity; VAS, visual analog scale; BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; BASMI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index; ASDAS-CRP, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score using the C-reactive protein level; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
The primary efficacy endpoints of ASAS20 response at weeks 2 and 4 in the ITT population are shown in Fig. 2A. No significant differences between the LX-P and LX-T groups in the proportion of patients achieving ASAS20 response at week 2 [13/35 (37.1%) for LX-P group vs. 17/35 (48.6%) for LX-T group; P=0.334] and week 4 [19/35 (54.3%) for LX-P group vs. 26/35 (74.3%) for LX-T group; P=0.081] were observed. In addition, no statistically significant differences for ASAS5/6 response at weeks 2 and 4 between the two groups were observed [week 2, 7/35 (20.0%) vs. 9/35 (25.7%); P=0.569; week 4, 13/35 (37.1%) vs. 16/35 (45.7%); P=0.467; Fig. 2B]. Changes in efficacy endpoints, including ASDAS-CRP, PTGA, total and nocturnal pain score, clinical inflammation, BASDAI and BASFI, from baseline to week 4 were compared between the LX-P and LX-T groups. There were also no significant differences between the two groups observed (all P>0.05; Table II).
Primary and secondary endpoints. Proportion of patients achieving (A) ASAS20 and (B) ASAS5/6 responses at weeks 2 and 4. ASAS, Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis; LX-P, loxoprofen sodium hydrogel patch; LX-T, loxoprofen sodium tablet.
Table II
Changes in efficacy outcomes from baseline to week 4 in the LX-P and LX-T groups.
Efficacy outcomes
ASDAS-CRP -0.6±0.7 -0.8±0.6 0.301
PTGA, 0-10-cm VAS -1.0 (-3.0-0) -2.0 (-2.0-0) 0.724
Total pain score, 0-10-cm VAS -1.0 (-2.0-0) -2.0 (-3.0- -1.0) 0.082
Nocturnal pain score, 0-10-cm VAS -2.0 (-3.0-0) -1.0 (-3.0-0) 0.214
Clinical inflammation, 0-10-cm VAS -1.5 (-2.8-0) -1.5 (-3.0- -0.5) 0.415
BASDAI, 0-10-cm VAS -1.5±1.2 -1.7±1.2 0.442
BASFI, 0-10-cm VAS -0.1 (-0.7-0) -0.2 (-1.0-0) 0.435
[i] Analyses were performed on the intention-to-treat population. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation for ASDAS-CRP and BASDAI, and all other values are presented as the median and interquartile range. ASDAS-CRP, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score using the C-reactive protein level; PTGA, patient's global assessment of disease activity; VAS, visual analog scale; BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index.
In a subgroup analysis of patients without peripheral arthritis, an increase in the proportion of patients achieving ASAS20 response was observed in the LX-P group (Fig. 3). This suggested that patients without peripheral arthritis in the LX-P group were more likely to achieve ASAS20 response compared with those with peripheral joints involvement.
Proportion of patients achieving ASAS20 response at week 4 among those with or without peripheral arthritis at baseline. ASAS, Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis; LX-P, loxoprofen sodium hydrogel patch; LX-T, loxoprofen sodium tablet.
The incidence of any adverse events described during the study was similar (P=0.710) between the LX-P and LX-T groups: 3/35 (8.6%) patients in the LX-P group and 5/35 (14.3%) in the LX-T group (Table III). All adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity; no serious adverse events or mortalities were observed in either group. The most frequent adverse events for patients receiving LX-P were skin irritation or rashes, while the most common adverse event for patients receiving LX-T was gastrointestinal disorders.
Table III
Adverse events occurring in each group during the study.
LX-P (n=35) (%)
LX-T (n=35) (%)
Any adverse event 3 (8.6) 5 (14.3)
Nausea 0 (0.0) 1 (2.9)
Dyspepsia 0 (0.0) 1 (2.9)
Skin pruritus 2 (5.7) 1 (2.9)
Dizziness 0 (0.0) 1 (2.9)
Upper respiratory tract infection 1 (2.9) 1 (2.9)
Serious adverse event 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Adverse event leading to discontinuation 2 (5.7) 1 (2.9)
[i] Analyses were performed on the intention-to-treat population. Data are presented as the number (%) of patients.
To date, only a few studies of osteoarthritis have compared the efficacy of topical vs. oral administration routes of NSAIDs (16,24,25). To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies comparing topical vs. oral administration routes of NSAIDs in AS. The results of the present randomized controlled trial demonstrated that there were no significant differences in efficacy between topical LX-P and oral LX-T administration in patients with active AS, which is consistent with the results from a recent study in patients with knee osteoarthritis (16). In addition, topical LX-P was associated with non-significantly fewer gastrointestinal adverse events compared with oral LX-T.
In the present study, 31.4% of the patients had peripheral arthritis. However, LX-P treatments were only applied to the pain area of the vertebra, in order to maintain the same dosage. Considering that peripheral arthritis may affect the treatment response of topical LX-P, an exploratory analysis of patient subgroups with and without peripheral arthritis was performed. The results suggested that patients without peripheral arthritis in the LX-P group were more likely to achieve ASAS20 response. Therefore, we hypothesize that LX-P may have an improved efficacy in patients whose pain is localized in one area. However, additional investigation is required to explore the efficacy of topical LX-P in patients with AS, in particular those with generalized pain.
NSAIDs are recommended as the first-line drug option for the treatment of AS (5,6), and long-term use of NSAIDs may delay the radiographic progression for patients with AS (7,8). However, long-term exposure of NSAIDs may cause gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal adverse events (9-13). Topical NSAIDs are considered to be associated with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events (24,25). Topical LX-P allows LX to penetrate into the affected site directly instead of through the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, there were no significant differences in safety between the LX-P and LX-T groups, probably due to the limited number of patients. Notably, skin disorders were the most frequently reported treatment-associated adverse events in the LX-P group, but this was not significant. Furthermore, a decreased incidence of gastrointestinal disorders was observed in patients receiving LX-P. These results suggest that LX-P may be a potentially useful therapeutic drug with the advantages of easy administration and few gastrointestinal adverse events.
There are several limitations in the present study. Firstly, the study was a single-center, open-label trial, which may have introduced a certain level of bias into the analysis. Secondly, the sample size of the study may have been too small to draw definite conclusions. Therefore, to strengthen the results, several disease activity indexes were assessed. Thirdly, patients with peripheral joint involvement were enrolled. This may have affected the efficacy of LX-P. The subgroup analysis revealed that patients without peripheral arthritis in the LX-P group were more likely to achieve ASAS20 response. Fourthly, only the short-term efficacy and safety of topical LX-P in the treatment of AS was investigated. Future studies with adequate follow-up are required to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of LX-P in AS.
In summary, the results of the present study suggest that there were no significant differences in efficacy between topical LX-P and oral LX-T for patients with active AS. In addition, topical LX-P was well tolerated and associated with few gastrointestinal adverse events.
The present study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 81571595 and 81702327), the President foundation of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University (grant no. 2016C010), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation: 2018M640834, and Innovation Program of Shenzhen (grant no. JCYJ20180508165208399).
The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
MF participated in the design of the study, clinical visits, data collection, design of the statistical analysis plan and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. SC and LT participated in clinical visits and critically reviewed the manuscript. QW and RY participated in data collection and critically reviewed the manuscript. JG conceived the study and participated in the interpretation of data. XL critically reviewed the manuscript and provided final approval of the manuscript.
The present study was approved by the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, (Guangzhou, China); all patients provided written informed consent.
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Your lawyer (attorney) should be computer and technology- literate.
Must your attorney be computer-literate?
By my question, you know that my answer is "yes." The old ways don't cut it anymore.
Less paper: Everything is scanned or otherwise becomes a PDF. We don't keep large paper files and we don't have a "filing room." I don't need to go to court with a rolling cart. If we are talking on the phone, and you refer to a document from a month ago, I don't need to get "my secretary," a job title that doesn't exist in my firm, to pull the paper file, feed me the document, while I tell you that I need to call you back.
Collaboration: I create a (secure) "shared space" for you on my cloud server, and you and I never need to email files to each other again. Our shared space could house a full version of your file or a subset – your choice.
Do you need a complete copy of your file? Easy. If we have a shared space which already contains a full version of your file (see the previous comment), you already have it. Otherwise, I could create a "zip" file for you while we are on the phone, or mail or give you a CD if that's more convenient.
Email: I am a big email user, in the office, in my home office, and with smartphones and tablets when out of the office or in court. Email is often the best way for us to communicate, and you can always expect me to acknowledge your email within a business day. I use a secure Microsoft Exchange email system with my own domain (zohnlaw.com), very much like large law firms but unlike some attorneys who use Google, Yahoo or Optimum. I exclusively use Microsoft Outlook (and the other Microsoft Office applications too).
Phones: I use a hosted pbx system, enabling our communications to be flexible and efficient. If I'm not in the office, calls are forwarded to my cellular phone. If I'm on the phone or otherwise not available, voicemails are sent to me by email or I can access the voicemails on the provider's web portal. My phone answering system is quick and direct. It's all designed to provide maximum access, not to screen you out.
With well-implemented technology solutions, it's much easier for small law firms like mine to be flexible and responsive to your needs. I don't need to be at my desk from 9-to-5, with stacks of paper files, waiting for the US Postal Service, and waiting for your calls on an antiquated phone system. We are not restricted by time, space and location.
So yes, your attorney should be computer-literate.


Yes products is pricey for sure, but to me their attention to details and quality is just plain awesome; and now, here comes their web presence.
but how much are we looking at?
but it seems a simliar one will be featured in the F/W collections.
nice boot tho, available in FIL HK???
you've been victimized by visvim !


Seven out of 10 employers say poor health habits are one of their top challenges in controlling health coverage costs.1 Employers spend an estimated $160 billion annually on modifiable health risks.2 By design, UnitedHealthcare Motion may help increase engagement and control costs by motivating employees to better manage their health, become healthier, and in turn, may result in fewer medical claims and lower health care costs.
Each employee is given the opportunity to earn rewards in the form of quarterly deposits to a health reimbursement account (HRA) or health savings account (HSA). The incentive has proven effective for Small Business and Key Account customers who participated in a pilot program, often motivating participation levels of over 60 percent of the employee population.
2 O'Donnell, M. P., Schultz, A. B., and Yen, L. (2015). The UM-HMRC Study. JOEM, 57(12), 1284-1290, https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/ nationalhealthexpenddata/downloads/highlights.pdf.


I am having a play with flexraid for the first time and before buying a license, want to know what the realistic expectations are for the final setup.
I am intending using quite a few drives in a set, with one or more (happy top be guided!) parity drives.
Now, using HDtune the drives on their own (ie discreet drives) report a fairly flat 170-180MB/sec each.
I have 6gbs JBOD controllers (LSI) and both HP and LSI expanders within shelves of drives, so as near optimal as I can justify in terms of cost!.
When I did a performance test in Flexraid before creating the raid, it reported around 33mbs - which was dire!
When it did built the party over a new 5 spindle set + single parity, it reported just under 700MB/sec.
What in reality should I expect from the final raid set?
Thanks in advance for your experience, help and advice.


It is so easy to start your holidays relaxed on board our ferries!
Use the ferry trip to relax in the lounges, restaurants, bars and cafeterias.
How would you like to start your holidays jumping into the pool ?
Make yourself at home in our bars, cafeterias and open spaces and make the most of the crossing. At any time of the day, several meal menus are proposed.
You want to take a nap during the day or comfortably sleep at night ? Opt for one of our cabins.
Happy children on board !
Some of our ferries offer nice play areas for children. We also offer special dishes for our small guests.
On board Mega Smeralda, relax at our Spa !
On board Mega Smeralda , make the most of your crossing and treat yourself to a moment of relaxation at our SPA!
Our team is waiting for you on deck n°2 and proposes 20- or 40- minute massage sessions from only 25 €.


FamilySearch Wiki – a valuable genealogy tool. I wonder who invented the word Wiki? I can't remember coming across it until a few years ago when Wikipedia came on the scene. When you come to the FamilySearch Wiki Research Page (directions how to get there are outlined below) you will see quite an extensive menu on the left hand side. When you have time explore these options because the better you know your way around the wiki the more you will realise that this is possible the best tool in your genealogy toolbox. For the purposes of this post I will just run you through the basic steps and leave you to find the treasures at your leisure!


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Ron Paul Wins Presidential Straw Poll at CPAC
Thread starter Councilman
Stigmatized! End R Word!
Very Liberal
BmanMcfly said:
No... bankrupting a company is very different from a person bankrupting... closing down shop can represent a huge sum of liquid funds even though the company was failure.
I'm sure trumps a decent guy, and he is successful in his own right... but he is a public figure and ripe for attacks...
That said, he's far more of a political newcomer the Paul is, and well... Dr Paul has won a series of positions in elections throughout his career, in other words, Trump is the new guy in town, at least as far as 'electability' is concerned.
What we need is the "new" cause the old is clearly not working.
BmanMcfly
Kali said:
Clever... so why would you vote for a guy that would push for 'more of the same'... sure he'll sweet talk you to convince you otherwise, but you've got to have figured it out. Let's make what was old new again, and many of the problems will disappear over night.
I prefer that kind of responsibility to the alternative....
I would definitely support Ron Paul getting the Republican presidential nomination. His ideas are very...distinct. And having a neo-Confederate running against the black President would bring out the true face of Republicanism nicely.
Guy Incognito said:
Actually, I think that the presidential election isn't really a great gauge for the pervasiveness of libertarianism. Most people feel like voting for a third party is a waste of a vote, especially for a presidential election. Libertarianism is growing rapidly. I'm certain that the number of libertarians in this country is far greater than one half of one percent, they just vote for one of the two big parties in important elections.
Guy - I have heard that line of reasoning before. It comes down to "yes I am a Libertarian but I do not vote for the Libertarian but I am still a Libertarian".
Which is like a proclaimed vegetarian going into a restaurant and ordering a steak but still proudly renouncing eating the flesh of animals. In this country, we get to vote only periodically. When push comes to shove, many who claim to be libertarians leave the party of libertarianism at the curb. I think that the Libertarian Party vote for President is indeed a good gauge of the true hardcore Libertarian support. Just look at both Ron Paul and Rand Paul. The libertarians view them as their special pin-up boys but neither can run as anything but a Republican and be competitive.
Cold Highway
Dispenser of Negativity
Newburgh, New York and World 8: Dark Land
The mainstream conservative media want someone who is in favor of the expansion of American Empire. They want someone who will not rock the boat, which would mean sinking the Establishment's ship of state. They are big government conservatives.
The fact that Ron Paul, for the second year in a row, is the favored candidate of the people at CPAC is an insult to the conservative Establishment. It indicates that large numbers of conservatives are not willing to go along with the basic agenda of the conservative movement, namely, the expansion of Federal power in the realm of foreign policy, and an unwillingness to roll back the New Deal, Fair Deal, New Frontier, Great Society, and all the rest of the bipartisan expansion of the Federal welfare state.
Ron Paul represents an ideological threat to the entire conservative movement. Because of this, it opposes him and does whatever it can to make certain that whatever publicity he receives, and whatever public support he receives, will not be given favorable treatment. The fact is this: there is a large group of people in the conservative movement who are in favor of Ron Paul's agenda. This is regarded, correctly, as a vote of no-confidence against the conservative Establishment.
It goes without saying that the Republican Establishment, which is to the left of the conservative Establishment, is even less happy with any publicity Ron Paul gets. These people do not want to think about the fact that there are millions of voters out there who are sick and tired of the expansion of the Federal government. These Paulites not only want to stop the expansion of the Federal government, they want to roll back the Federal government.
Setting the Government's Agenda by Gary North
Some analysis on the why so many are pissed at Dr. Paul's victory
chevydriver1123 said:
Yup... and that's why, while so many are trying to say Ron Paul can't win... the reality is that Ron Paul CANNOT LOSE! Even if he does not become president he will have the chance to inject his message into the debate, which will cause more people to realize the disconnect between government today and the founding principle's on which the government is founded on.
Then, four years down the line when the country is that much deeper in debt, the government is far more socialized... then someone else can come in and put himself in the firing line while standing for the same principle's that made the country a beacon of freedom the world over.
Edit : That is assuming that this 'socialization' process doesn't lead to any sort of 'hot' takeover of the system.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


0600-0630/pm Take a 2-hour drive to Kinabalu Park. On a clear day the Crocker Range - backbone of Sabah - which culminates in Mt Kinabalu, can be seen on the say. Next, transfer to Timpohon Gate and start trekking up Mt Kinabalu. The summit trail leads you through the montane, upper montane and sub-alpine forest. Look out for colourful rhododendrons, pitcher plants, wild orchids and other interesting vegetations. Take your packed lunch provided along the way amidst cool mountain air. Overnight at Laban Rata/Gunting Lagadan/Panar Laban/Waras Hut (dormitory) (3,200M ASL).


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Grahovo je naselje u slovenskoj Općini Cerknici. Grahovo se nalazi u pokrajini Notranjskoj i statističkoj regiji Notranjsko-kraškoj.

Stanovništvo
Prema popisu stanovništva iz 2002. godine naselje je imalo 432 stanovnika.

Izvor

Naselja u Općini Cerknica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
REAL MOVIE NEWS
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Wolf Warrior Blu-ray Review
Actors: Jacky Wu, Scott Adkins, Kevin Lee
Director: Jacky Wu
Format: Multiple Formats, Blu-ray, Subtitled, Widescreen
Language: Cantonese
Rated: Unrated
Studio: Well Go USA
Wolf Warrior is the Chinese equivalent of the American military action film, Act of Valor; it is well shot, filled with exciting action, with a plot so simplistic it is nearly nonexistent, and a tone so patriotic that it borders on propaganda. If you can excuse the silliness of the story or the transparency of the movie's national pride, there is still some above average action to enjoy. In fact, I would say that this is one of the more exciting Chinese action films I have seen recently, though the emphasis remains on firepower rather than martial arts.
Sergeant Leng Feng (Wu Jing) is a top marksman chosen to join an elite Chinese Special Forces group known as the Wolf Warriors after he disobeys orders in order to take down an international drug lord. While on a training exercise with his new team of soldiers, Feng and his men are attacked by a group of mercenaries sent by the brother of the drug lord killed. Even though the point of the Wolf Warriors is that they fight in a pack, Feng takes the responsibility of warding off the attacks, becoming something of a lone wolf.
Scott Adkins heads up the cast of mercenaries, though the story barely slows down enough to give these bad guys a few scenes of dialogue, much less character development. This is a film that focuses nearly entirely on the action, pausing only momentarily for the patriotic dribble. Fortunately, the fast pace along with some truly visceral action sequences serve the film well, never pausing long enough for the audience to contemplate the ridiculousness of the content. This is a film meant to inspire emotions, either for country or enjoyment of the spectacle, but nothing in the 90-minutes of entertainment is improved with intelligent analysis. Even the fast pace can't hide some of the more obvious flaws, such as an unnecessary CGI-laden battle between the Wolf Warrior soldiers and a pack of real wild wolves.
The brisk pace and well choreographed sequences of unrealistic military action make this an enjoyable, albeit flawed, viewing experience. Shut your brain off and ignore communist propaganda, and this is one of the more exciting gun-centric action films to come out of China recently. The Blu-ray is a welcome format, with the high definition presentation helping with the spectacle at the forefront of the film, though there are no special features to speak of.
Entertainment Value: 8/10
Quality of Filmmaking: 5/10
Historical Significance: 3.5/10
Special Features: 0/10
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The Grandmaster of Kung Fu Blu-ray Review
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text:
Peșteana may refer to several places in Romania:

 Peșteana, a village in Densuș Commune, Hunedoara County
 Peșteana, a village in Florești Commune, Mehedinți County
 Peșteana de Jos, a village in Fărcășești Commune, Gorj County
 Peșteana-Jiu, a village in Bâlteni Commune, Gorj County
 Peșteana-Vulcan, a village in Ciuperceni Commune, Gorj County
 Peșteana (Tismana), a tributary of the Tismana in Gorj County
 Peșteana (Motru), a tributary of the Motru in Mehedinți County
 Peșteana (Olteț), a tributary of the Olteț in Vâlcea County


text:
Q: vlan 1 and 1002-1005 in a trunk connection-should they be allowed? If I have a trunk connection that should allow only two VLANs(100 and 200 for example), is it neccessary to also allow the default vlan 1 or VLANs 1002-1005. I am trying to configure a switch port for a trunk connection in packet tracer, and I am not sure about this aspect.
I would be most grateful if you could help me out. Thanks.

A: Depends on the equipment.  I'm assuming that you're using Cisco gear, from their treatment of 1002-1005?  Some of their stuff can drop those vlans from the allow list, some cannot.
As long as you don't want the traffic for those vlans going over the link, then there's certainly no reason to allow them.  The fastest way to find out whether you equipment agrees with you will be to try:
interface x0/x
 switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 1

If it bombs with a Bad VLAN allowed list error, then you're stuck with them.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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In July, total sales were down 6.7% from July 2015, and conventional equity sales were down 4.2% compared to the same month last year.
In July, 4.9% of all resales were distressed sales. This was down from 5.0% last month, and down from 9.1% in July 2015, and the lowest level since Sacramento started tracking distressed sales.
The percentage of REOs was at 2.2% in July, and the percentage of short sales was 2.7%.
Active Listing Inventory for single family homes decreased 9.8% year-over-year (YoY) in June. This was the fifteenth consecutive monthly YoY decrease in inventory in Sacramento.
Cash buyers accounted for 12.3% of all sales (frequently investors).


text:
Thalangama North A Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Kaduwela Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District of Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 477.

Thalangama North A is a surrounded by the Udumulla South, Batapotha, Battaramulla North, Muttettugoda, Himbutana East, Udumulla, Walpola and Himbutana West Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Demographics

Ethnicity
The Thalangama North A Grama Niladhari Division has a Sinhalese majority (96.4%). In comparison, the Kaduwela Divisional Secretariat (which contains the Thalangama North A Grama Niladhari Division) has a Sinhalese majority (95.6%)

Religion
The Thalangama North A Grama Niladhari Division has a Buddhist majority (90.4%). In comparison, the Kaduwela Divisional Secretariat (which contains the Thalangama North A Grama Niladhari Division) has a Buddhist majority (90.4%)

References

Grama Niladhari Divisions of Kaduwela Divisional Secretariat


This reasoning is on a fantastically essential estimation satisfying to eyes. On a fundamentally guaranteed estimation, this structure is known as a joint hand make a plot. Young women, astoundingly young ladies and adolescents put this structure looking them in the face in the palm other than on the strike. This structure is to check for after down and breath life into their assistance level on various events.
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Develop designs are verifiably utilized for this strategy which begins from the side of the palm and continues to the fingertips. Wide develop subjects and leaf follows are done here and the fingertips are redesigned with little designs which are complicatedly done. The entire structure is finished with dull mehndi.


text:
Snoqualmie, WA »
Snoqualmie Pop / Rock
Snoqualmie Pop / Rock Concerts
Snoqualmie will be having a list of Pop / Rock performances that you can check out in the lineup below. You can RSVP in Facebook, see event specifics and purchase tickets for the following Pop / Rock concerts coming to Snoqualmie. our site makes sure to offer you a 100 percent guarantee for all tickets to the Pop / Rock events in Snoqualmie. Track Pop / Rock concerts in Snoqualmie by joining our Concert Tracker. The Pop / Rock event itinerary for Snoqualmie is always revised, so check back with us for the latest list of the Pop / Rock shows coming to the city of Snoqualmie.
Fri Apr 8, 2022
Venue: Snoqualmie Casino-Ballroom
Featuring: Melissa Etheridge
POP / ROCK Concerts near Snoqualmie
POP / ROCK Concerts in Redmond, WA
Thu Jun 16, 2022
Barenaked Ladies, Gin Blossoms & Toad The Wet Sprocket
Venue: Marymoor Park
Featuring: Gin Blossoms | Barenaked Ladies | Toad The Wet Sprocket
Wed Aug 3, 2022
The Wild Hearts Tour: Sharon Van Etten, Angel Olsen & Julien Baker
Featuring: Sharon Van Etten | Julien Baker | Angel Olsen | The Wild Hearts Tour
Sat Sep 17, 2022
Bikini Kill
Featuring: Bikini Kill
POP / ROCK Concerts in Auburn, WA
Venue: Muckleshoot Events Center
Featuring: Bret Michaels
1008 tickets left starting from $52.00
Matchbox Twenty & The Wallflowers
Venue: White River Amphitheatre
Featuring: Matchbox Twenty | The Wallflowers
Sat May 21, 2022
Steely Dan & Steve Winwood
Featuring: Steve Winwood | Steely Dan
Tue Jun 14, 2022
Featuring: AJR
Sat Jun 25, 2022
Santana & Earth, Wind and Fire
Featuring: Santana | Earth, Wind and Fire
Tue Jul 12, 2022
REO Speedwagon, Styx & Loverboy
Featuring: Styx | REO Speedwagon | Loverboy
Fri Aug 12, 2022
Featuring: Backstreet Boys
Snoqualmie Pop / Rock Concert Information
Pop / Rock Concert Schedule will be some of the most anticipated Snoqualmie Pop / Rock concerts in a long time.
Tickets for all Snoqualmie Pop / Rock concerts are purchased with a 100% moneyback guarantee.
Snoqualmie continues to be one of the best areas for Pop / Rock concert tours in America.
Snoqualmie Casino-Ballroom and Northwest Railway Museum both have lots of Pop / Rock concert events forthcoming.
Schedule for the Pop / Rock concerts in Snoqualmie is updated on a regular basis.
Snoqualmie so far has a exciting list of Pop / Rock concert tours visiting Snoqualmie in the near future. A selection of Pop / Rock music's top artists are making plans to have concerts in Snoqualmie. Make sure to catch some of the Pop / Rock concert events that Snoqualmie has to offer at some of the best venues in the world. Simply check out the schedule here for all the upcoming Snoqualmie Pop / Rock concerts. Our Snoqualmie concert schedule is updated up to the minute in case their are any changes.
Snoqualmie concert filters
Snoqualmie Venues and nearby cities
Snoqualmie Casino-Ballroom
All Venues in Snoqualmie
Redmond Kent Auburn Seattle Federal Way Edmonds Everett Suquamish Marysville Tacoma


text:
BrightHouse ordered to pay £14.8 MILLION in compensation to its customers
The weekly-payment firm has been rapped for unaffordable lending and payments which should have been refunded
sam yarwood
Max ChannonLive and Trending Editor
A weekly-payment firm with a store in Plymouth has been ordered to pay £14.8m in compensation and refunds to hundreds of thousands of customers.
A financial watchdog has ruled BrightHouse, which has a store in New George Street, treated its customers unfairly.
The company has agreed to pay 249,000 customers for unaffordable lending and payments which should have been refunded, reports the Manchester Evening News.
The BrightHouse Store in Ne George Street
The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) said that Brighthouse had failed to be a 'responsible lender', and had not always delivered good outcomes for customers – particularly those at higher risk of falling into financial difficulty.
A38 looks like a car park as Plymouth grinds to halt once again
The payments related to 384,000 agreements between April 2010 and September 2016.
Jonathan Davidson, executive director of supervision – retail and authorisations at the FCA said: "During the time in question, BrightHouse was not a responsible lender and failed to meet our expectations of firms in this sector. I am pleased that it has agreed to provide redress to those customers affected by these historic practices.
"This scheme continues our work with the rent-to-own sector to resolve the concerns we have previously identified.
Stop looking for my son - we believe he's dead, says grieving father
"Responsible lending and the fair treatment of consumers, especially those in financial difficulties or who are vulnerable, are key priorities for us."
I'm a Brighthouse customer - what should I do?
Customers won't need to take any action as BrightHouse (a trading name of Caversham Finance Limited) will contact all those affected and notify them if they are due a refund.
Will I get a refund or compensation?
The firm will pay out to customers in two sets of circumstances:
1) Customers whose circumstances have not been assessed properly at the beginning of the loan to determine whether they could afford it and may have had difficulty making payments. Customers who handed back the goods will be paid back the interest and fees charged under the agreement, plus compensatory interest of eight per cent. Customers who retained the goods will have their balances written off. This redress totals around £10.1 million for 114,000 agreements entered into between 1 April 2014 and 30 September 2016, covering 81,000 customers.
Record number of storms to pummel Plymouth with 100mph winds this winter
2) Customers who made the first payment due under an agreement with the firm which was cancelled prior to the delivery of the goods. This first payment was not returned to all customers. BrightHouse will refund this first payment plus pay compensatory interest of eight per cent. This redress totals around £4.7 million for 270,000 agreements entered into after 1 April 2010 covering 181,000 customers.
GreggsGreggs is giving away free food this weekThe popular bakery chain is offering steak bakes and sausage rolls for free
CrimeAngry thug punched drinker & broke his finger near Union Street pubRichard Preston, 52, hit man two or three times near the Firkin Doghouse
PlymstockSpeed limit 'not changing' on one of Plymouth's busiest roadsA 30mph restriction is in force, says the council, despite a new legal notice implying it has yet to be formally adopted
CrimeAngry thug punched drinker & broke his finger near Union Street pub
Richard Preston, 52, hit man two or three times near the Firkin Doghouse
Plymouth ArgyleGreen Army raving over Plymouth Argyle's on-loan Bristol City midfielder Tyreeq Bakinson
The 21-year-old has made three appearances for the Pilgrims, all of them coming in wins


Innjoo has launched yet another device called Innjoo LeapBook M100. It's a 14.1 inches notebook device with a Light, thin and stylish design that runs on Windows 10 operating system.
The device packs a 10,000 mAh battery capacity that can take you up to 300 hours on Standby mode and about 6 hours to 8 hours in video playback. Innjoo LeapBook M100 carries a 2GB RAM + 32GB inbuilt memory and can be expanded by MicroSD card of 32GB.
The device is powered by an Intel Atom x5 Z8350 Quad-core processor. Here is the full specs and price of Innjoo Leapbook M100 notebook.
Price in Nigeria: ₦ 99,300.
Innjoo LeapBook M100 specifications. Innjoo LeapBook M100 released date. Innjoo LeapBook M100 price in Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya.
They have done another one. The first one's screen breaks like noodles. Not strong at all. I hope this one is better.


yummy...all those blackberries that my girls and I picked... we r treating ourselves to some delicious blackberry crisp for breakfast... I got the recipe from farmgirl fare, which I must say is super yummy...although, I am a little disappointed in that we already ate all of our goat milk ice cream, and so don't have any to go with our crisp... oh well its still great!!
My garden is not producing!!! I mean I keep waiting and weeding and waiting... and then finally I just noticed 1 zucchini and 1 yellow pear tomato.....I MEAN SERIOUSLY.....THAT IS NOT GOING TO FEED MY FAMILY.....HELP!!!!!!
I just don't know what I am doing wrong!!!!!
Let me know if anyone has any secrets for a bountiful garden....please!!!
Monsoon weather has finally arrived here in the big A...we are always glad to have a break from the 100 to 110 degree temps. We had a incredible lighting storm last nite... it was like every 3 seconds... an lit up the whole sky...awesome!!!


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text:
View topic - Small news
./ucp.php?mode=register&sid=8f55e47787c59f4a9ff9031f182e6cda I forgot my password
FLIDTA RISXVA
Joined: Thu, 26 Jun 2014, 05:56
Location: Zemo Vera, Tbilissi, GEORGIA
Re: Small news
by FLIDTA RISXVA » Tue, 25 Aug 2020, 20:33
August 24, should be the 197th anniversary of the William Webb Ellis episode, according to some sites
SOV sources usually had it on April 7 -- I'm not sure about that date's origin
They also claimed it happened on Waterloo # anniversary -- but the battle proper was fought on 18 June 1815
So, everything connected with WWE is a BIG MESS
by Canalina » Tue, 25 Aug 2020, 21:22
I think they are all arbitrary dates. I've never read that the one only "ear-witness" (not eye-witness) of the WW Ellis episode mentioned a precise day. If I recall correctly he was not even sure about the precise year
by FLIDTA RISXVA » Wed, 26 Aug 2020, 06:40
So, let's erase this useless rubbish from rugby annals -- forget it
by victorsra » Thu, 27 Aug 2020, 07:16
Webb Ellis is just a founding myth. Cool story to joke about, but no historical fundaments. Rugby was born as a sport in 1845. Forget 1823.
RugbyLiebe
Joined: Wed, 14 Oct 2015, 13:30
by RugbyLiebe » Thu, 27 Aug 2020, 08:04
victorsra wrote: Webb Ellis is just a founding myth. Cool story to joke about, but no historical fundaments. Rugby was born as a sport in 1845. Forget 1823.
This. Also it sucks that the Webb Ellis story actually gives soccer a chance to say that they are the "real" football. If World Rugby was better managed, they would try to get rid of that story.
How to grow rugby worldwide?
Look at the world ranking in July. Teams ranked 1-10 have to play one team from 11-20 (they don't play in a regular competition) away the next year. 11-20 play 21-30 away and so on. Yes, it really is that simple.
by Canalina » Thu, 27 Aug 2020, 08:36
We already talked about that. It is not without historical bases. There was a man, somewhen toward the end of XIX century, who narrated to have entered in the Rugby School two years after that episode, and that someone described it to him naming William Webb Ellis as the protagonist.
Is that a proof that rugby was born in that exact day? No, it would be excessive to say so and certainly World Rugby uses it as a founding myth, as Victorsra says.
But we should ignore that testimony? I'd say certainly not! It's the closest testimony we have about the first steps of rugby, it's a precious one and I can't see why we should dismiss it as "rubbish"
Canalina wrote: We already talked about that. It is not without historical bases. There was a man, somewhen toward the end of XIX century, who narrated to have entered in the Rugby School two years after that episode, and that someone described it to him naming William Webb Ellis as the protagonist.
It is rubbish, created as a testimony against professionalism, deminishing the efforts of lower born rugby schoolmasters who most probably invented it to get the school rebellions of posh pupils down, and it hurts rugby until today.
http://www.tony-collins.org/rugbyreload ... m-the-dead
https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/ ... -world-cup
Also listen to this podcast episode
https://tony-collins.squarespace.com/ru ... ast-launch
Oh, a conspiracy plot, the rich against the poor people, how refreshing!
Apart the class vs class part of the story, that to me has no sense at all, why should have Bloxam invented that episode? He was not a friend of Ellis; as far as I knew they were not even in Rugby School at the same time, even if the article in the link above says that there was just one year and an half between Ellis and Bloxam. Why should Bloxam have made right the Ellis name, and not his own (Bloxam) proper name, or the one of a relative or friend? He was naming the "creator" of rugby, if he was inventing the story why choosing an unknown guy and not giving the merit to someone more dear?
Bloxam narrated the story in 1876, when likely there were several other his and Ellis' school fellows still alive: why inventing a story, and spreading it publicly, that other people could have easily negated?
And Bloxam was a Rugby antiquarian, a Rugby School benefactor and "spent much of his life living literally across the road from the school": maybe he knew something about the story of the Rugby School.
But nineteen years after his declarations the Rugby society made an enquire and almost no clues about Ellis were found. So the 1895 remembrances are right and the 1876 testimony is rubbish...
by sk 88 » Thu, 27 Aug 2020, 12:00
Canalina wrote: Oh, a conspiracy plot, the rich against the poor people, how refreshing!
I mean seriously you can't be interested in rugby's history as a sport without accepting that class based snobbery was the single most important reason for the game splitting. The Ellis myth is fundamental to that, it was ONLY propagated after the split by people with good reason to play it up.
A handling version of the generic football is as old as games are themselves. Look at the medieval games in the midlands like the Atherstone Ball Game or the Hallaton bottle kicking. These are clearly proto-rugby, Atherstone must only be 20 miles from Rugby. But we are asked to believe that Ellis was the first person to pick the ball up with no supporting evidence. Come on, that's clearly nonsense.
If you need an answer to why people say random shit with no evidence I offer you this forum. People make shit up to support their positions all the time. "Why would he lie" is not evidence of it being correct.
The Ellis episode was narrated by Bloxam 19 years before the split. If we want to understand if it was realistic or not the fact that it was propagated after 19 years and for which reason it was propagated is not important, I think. The cause-> effect ratio streams just with the time, not against the time. The Ellis episode was not created in 1895, it was just made "more" public; it was already public because printed in a Rugby newspaper.
I suppose that the negative judgement that many people have about the Ellis story is because World Rugby used it, and as we all perfectly know World Rugby is a cove of old pirates.
Let's pretend that World Rugby never used it, that the World Cup is not named after the boy, that the Bloxam version of the story was not known until this morning, and that this morning a retired old Rugby citizen reading by hobby ancient newspapers discovered that story and made it public: we would receive it at the scream of "rubbish!" or we would think "what an incredible discover! We will never know if it's totally, partially or not at all true, but it's certainly a very precious document about the history of rugby!"
Ellis was supposedly the first boy who run with the ball in the hands in the college of Rugby, when the rules of football in that college were already formed and prohibiting that move. In almost the other colleges football evolved toward nowadays soccer, in Rugby and few other colleges evolved toward nowadays rugby. Is there a reason for this differentiation? It's hard to find this reason in medieval or ancient greek games, because they wouldn't explain the difference between soccer and rugby. There must have been something different, happened in the Rugby School. I know that it's very unlikely that one single episode is at the base of the creation of rugby, but still it may have happened and it may have somehow really influenced the creation of the game. It's not a story invented by Beaumont, it's a story narrated in the XIX century by a quasi-schoolfellow of Ellis. How it may be judged as rubbish the testimony of a person that nobody of us has known and about which we know very few it's something that I hardly understand; the only explanation, as I already said, is that the World Rugby stigma hit also Bloxam and Ellis
Canalina wrote: The Ellis episode was narrated by Bloxam 19 years before the split. If we want to understand if it was realistic or not the fact that it was propagated after 19 years and for which reason it was propagated is not important, I think. The cause-> effect ratio streams just with the time, not against the time. The Ellis episode was not created in 1895, it was just made "more" public; it was already public because printed in a Rugby newspaper.
Listen to the Tony Collins episode linked above and then lets talk again. You should at least listen to one of the renown football (as in the family of sports that is football) historians in England. He is NOT a random podcaster.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Collins_(historian)
About the second part: if a historian finds out about it: fair enough. He will not claim such a thing without proper research and evidence.
William Webb Ellis seems to be purely folklore and nothing more as things stand.
Man, it is basicaly all rugby historians (proper historians, not journalists sellig books) saying. It is not me.
The thing is: what is the definition of a sport? What makes a sport different from a game? Written rules are one of the main things.
Rugby's first written rules are from 1845
. Whatever Webb Ellis played, was just a game with oral rules. And oral rules are inconsistent, changeable. As a student, Webb Ellis definitly played a game there, that was for sure, as every other student, but by 1845 (and that historians show) nobody knew him. And that's the point. The boys that wrote the rules compiled the tradition and which elements they invented right there we will never know. But the sport was born with that set of rules, tributary to local tradition.
Also, i never said it is rubbish. Myths are history, because they play a role in collective thought, they influence people. In a sense, myths are real because they play a social role. And also myths suggest mentalities, practices. The Webb Ellis story is one sort of a testimony of how schoolboys were playing folk football games by the 1820s and possibly by the 1810s. Which is important.
I can accept this distinction between game-oral rules and sport-written rules, but however the way a game is born is at least as much interesting as the way a sport is born. I mean, the Ellis episode is anyway a precious document in the game of rugby history, even if it happened two decades before the rules were written. And I accept every skepticism about that episode, no problem, of course I don't know too if it was real or not; I just don't like the "rubbish" definition because I can't understand it.
And I wouldn't define that episode neither a "myth": it's not a narration about the foundation of Rome, is not a tale narrated five centuries after the fact, it was narrated half century after the fact by a person which at the moment of the fact was alive and maybe studying in the same school. It's not a myth, it's a person's remembrance.
Anyway, this is the Ellis' episode according to Bloxam, as reported by Wikipedia; note that he wrote the story to the newspaper of the Rugby School, so to a newspaper certainly read also by other old former pupils (in 1876 he was in his late 60s, I think); it's hard to believe that he invented a story in front of people that knew the old life of the school as much as him. If it's true that no one confirmed it, it seems also that no one denied it with a confuting letter to the same newspaper. Note also the last lines, where Bloxam admit to not know if that episode leaded to something concrete or not
Bloxam is the sole source of the story that the game of Rugby football had its origins in the moment when William Webb Ellis picked up the ball during a game of football at Rugby School. In October 1876, in an effort to refute the assertion that carrying the ball had been an ancient tradition, he wrote to The Meteor, the Rugby School magazine, that he had learnt from an unnamed source that the change from a kicking game to a handling game had "..originated with a town boy or foundationer of the name of Ellis, William Webb Ellis". In December 1880, in another letter to the Meteor, Bloxam elaborated on the story:
A boy of the name Ellis – William Webb Ellis – a town boy and a foundationer, .... whilst playing Bigside at football in that half-year [1823], caught the ball in his arms. This being so, according to the then rules, he ought to have retired back as far as he pleased, without parting with the ball, for the combatants on the opposite side could only advance to the spot where he had caught the ball, and were unable to rush forward till he had either punted it or had placed it for some one else to kick, for it was by means of these placed kicks that most of the goals were in those days kicked, but the moment the ball touched the ground the opposite side might rush on. Ellis, for the first time, disregarded this rule, and on catching the ball, instead of retiring backwards, rushed forwards with the ball in his hands towards the opposite goal, with what result as to the game I know not, neither do I know how this infringement of a well-known rule was followed up, or when it became, as it is now, a standing rule.
Have you ever visited RFU's museum in Twickenham? They try to conciliate what historians say with the tradition of Webb Ellis myth. It is a very interesting effort, as they don't dismiss the importance of Webb Ellis story, while showing what it is the proper historical process of rugby's formation and consolidation as a sport. In the end, what they show there, is Webb Ellis didn't realy invented rugby, but maybe played an important role in the development of a tradition of oral rules that lead to the written rules of 1845 (the proper foundation date of rugby as a sport). BTW, they have a 1845 book there, pretty cool. If you like history of rugby, start with Collins work, that will show you the big picture.
If the Collins you refer to is this (http://www.tony-collins.org/rugbyreload ... m-the-dead), I pass...
That prologue doesn't seem to me a balanced one: he has decided that Ellis has nothing to do with the birth of rugby and presents the facts accordingly to his convincement
He has an extensive work that is not resumed to a blog. Read his book, The Social History of English Rugby. It is not "opinion", it is scienfic research on the Social History field, that can only be refuted in the same terms, with methodology, documents and theory, not guessing. In fact, he has a very different view from another school of reserachers, lead by Eric Dunning (that follows Norbert Elias). Dunning has definitly the most important work ever written about the creation of rugby/association football (a book called Barbarians, Players and Gentlemen.. read that one too, there is no real debate without Dunning in this subject). But both converge in terms of what Webb Ellis is, their interpretation vary. Like the RFU, with its museum and group of reserarches. Pay attention: RFU researches don't disagree with Collins/Dunning.
Of course, RFU or World Rugby don't need to throw Webb Ellis away, as a myth plays a role, as I said, but they only need (and RFU already does) put him in historical perspective. But RFU has a museum with research approach, while WR still doesn't. Maybe the guys behind the WR Hall of Fame simply agree with RFU's position: put in perspective, incorporate what the historians are saying, keeping the folklore as folklore.
In the end, there is not a single academic researcher that believes Webb Ellis is the "founding father" of rugby. If you find one, a social scentist, a historian (and not a mere journalist), please show me how he/she debates this topic, how he/she critices Collins' or Dunning's position. That's how science works. But we live in a world where some people believe the Earth is Flat, so...
by RugbyLiebe » Fri, 28 Aug 2020, 07:09
Canalina wrote: If the Collins you refer to is this (http://www.tony-collins.org/rugbyreload ... m-the-dead), I pass...
Give him a go. Also I would be very interested to read from a historian backing up your claims. You know that's how history works at least, when I studied it in university.
by FLIDTA RISXVA » Fri, 28 Aug 2020, 11:34
I confess I'm tired all time debunking WWE myth in my native land
So just odd notes for this discussion:
0) Man is free to believe in what he wants
1) WWE myth is misunderstood in non-English countries
as there people think that
original *XIX century football* was what *FIFA football*
is nowadays, ie without tackling and extremely limited handling
2) People who try reconciling WWE version with real history
actually imply that Aussie Rules (AFL) was parent-code of Rugby
for WWE was allowed to pick ball up and then kick, but not run
+) I think this OLD & RESPECTFUL source would help: page 36 of SCAN
http://biblio.qaflan.net/SKANI/1975_OXF ... PANION.pdf
If two major earliest historians had never heard about WWE episode then
it is evident to me that it was RESULT of OLD CHEAT's WISHFUL FANTASY
::: full stop :::
by Canalina » Fri, 28 Aug 2020, 11:57
If I will have the chance, I will read the suggested books. At the moment, I note these weak things (weak to me) in the Collins on line prologue
William Webb Ellis - back from the dead
I wrote the following short piece as the prologue to A Social History of English Rugby Union in 2009. At that time, the William Webb Ellis myth (saying it is a myth is already giving an opinion, not presenting facts) seemed to be fading away. But as anyone who saw Friday's opening of rugby union's world cup [which you can see below], it's back with a vengeance, And once again, expediency, this time commercial (the decision by World Rugby to adopt the Ellis story doesn't have to be 'commercial' at any chance, a person may choose to adopt a fascinating story just for the pleasure of, to surround his activity with a fascinating background: presenting this operation as 'commercial' shows again, to me, a biased approach by Collins), has outweighed evidence...
Of the little that is known about William Webb Ellis, we can be certain of one thing. He did not invent the game of rugby football. (No, we are not certain. We may think that it's unlikely or very unlikely that he invented the game, but we can't be certain of)
An unremarkable schoolboy, he lived his life in dutiful obscurity as an Anglican clergyman until his death in 1872. Four years later, however, a second life began for him when Rugby School old boy and benefactor Matthew Bloxam suddenly named Ellis as the boy who in 1823 first picked up the ball and ran with it. Bloxam offered no evidence for his claim (no one VHS, neither one single DVD! At least a confession written by Ellis and signed with the blood! No, he offered no evidence! O silly old man! Which kind of evidence should have he presented? He was an old man narrating an episode of his youthness fifty-three years after the fact; when at the pub the veterans remember games of the old time when they were playing they offer 'evidences'?...). Nor did he provide any in 1880 when he reiterated his view.
At the height of the war that split rugby apart in 1895, the Old Rugbeian Society set up a committee to investigate the true origins of the Rugby football. Despite considerable efforts, not one person came forward to support Bloxam. The committee found not a single eye-witness, not a solitary written word, not even a syllable of hearsay evidence to support the William Webb Ellis story (and not a single eye-witness, not a solitary written word, not even a syllable or hearsay evidence to confute the William Webb Ellis story emerged in 1876 and in 1880, when Bloxam published his two letters).
Nevertheless, the committee decided 'in all probability' that Ellis was the 'innovator' of running with the ball. In 1900 a plaque was erected at the school that proclaimed unhesitatingly that Ellis 'with a fine disregard of the rules of football as played in his time, first took the ball in his arms and ran with it' in 1823.
Not for the first time in the history of rugby, evidence had been outweighed by exigency. (so the Old Rugbeian Society had the exigency to have a story confirming that rugby was born in the college. And what they did? They created false proofs? No, they organized a commission and made an investigation between the school veterans, they didn't find clues and publicly said it. May we at least assume that that Society of supposed conspirators against the truth was at least honest?)
by sk 88 » Fri, 28 Aug 2020, 13:01
One person's view is not evidence, is not history.
Ellis appears in the British Newspaper archives hundreds of times in his own life time, was the rector of reasonably prominent London church for years (St Celment Danes Church on The Strand, opposite the Royal Courts of Justice, near Kings College & Embankment), has his death widely reported in London & Essex circles. But never a word about his invention of a by then widely popular type of football!
In 1891 during a history of the school & its games he is not named, though by then the story is being referenced occasionally by Bloxham writing into Newspapers, you can find the original 1880 letter in the Nuneaton Advertiser if you wish. Funnily enough 1891 is when the first real rule changes against proto professionalism, the ban on any form of league comes in. Funny that.
by Canalina » Mon, 07 Sep 2020, 04:02
The first test match after the irruption of the pandemic could be Poland v Ukraine on October 10, a game of the RE Trophy. The last test was instead France v Scotland on March 8; this means a hiatus of at least 7 months and 2 days without test matches. It's the biggest time distance between two test matches since 1945-46, id est between Netherlands v Belgium in 1945 (date unknown, supposedly in the middle of the year) and Belgium v Netherlands 1946 (played in April according to RugbyInternational.net, in July according to Espn Scrum).
The largest gaps ever were anyway between Italy v Romania, May 1942, and Netherlands v Belgium, 1945; and between Australia v New Zealand, August 1914, and Romania v USA, July 1919.
http://stats.espnscrum.com/scrum/rugby/ ... ;type=year
by Canalina » Thu, 10 Sep 2020, 12:22
This page worths a look
https://twitter.com/RugbyFields
by victorsra » Thu, 10 Sep 2020, 16:54
Nice about Gibraltar's new stadium in Europa Point:
Europa point is Gibraltar southermost point, looking Africa.
World Rugby has a new website https://www.world.rugby/
Let's hope the new layout splits sevens from 15s when sevens begins.
by Canalina » Sun, 27 Sep 2020, 20:17
I don't like when important websites maintain mistakes for days and days; it gives the feeling that they just don't care and that they never check their own pages
World Rugby fixtures have page 2 blank (I've checked in three different pc/iphone), they still contain the probably cancelled games in Vancouver Usa-Can and Fij-NzXV, and in the 2021 fixture against the B&I Lions the southafrican Bulls have the flag of Bulgaria...
https://www.world.rugby/tournaments/fixtures
Rugby Europe fixtures give five error messages out of six games when you click for details
https://www.rugbyeurope.eu/all-games-20 ... xt_match=1


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What listeners say about A Stand-in for Dying
Victor @ theAudiobookBlog dot com
A Stand-in for Dying is the first book in the Brink of Life Trilogy of Sci-Fi thrillers by Rick Moskovitz. The author draws from his experience as a clinical psychiatrist to create a completely immersive narrative experience for the listener, with characters and events that feel real and possible. This is the third book that I listened to and reviewed for Mr. Moskovitz and I can tell you that his writing style is clean, beautiful, easy to follow and completely immersive. In the not too distant future, huge advancements in medicine and technology permit us to extend our life cycles and also to move our consciousness from one host to another. But we are still human after all, and our existence is not yet as balanced as we wanted it to be. In A Stand-in for Dying we follow a few such interesting characters that struggle with their existence and with the search for immortality. I have really enjoyed this new take on our possible future and I hope we can do better than the individuals portrayed in this captivating novel. Actor and talented narrator Joe Smith does a superb job of bringing all these deeply troubled characters to life and he manages to help the listener submerge into this thrilling adventure. This is not the first time that I listened to Joe and I think he can enrich the audio production with voices, accents and the sense of urgency sipping from his performance. If you're curious to see how our fails as a race divided by ideologies and the greed to have the best for ourselves can lead to our downfall, I suggest you give a try to A Stand-in for Dying by Rick Moskovitz. If you like this review please consider giving it a Helpful Vote below. You can find more of them here and on theAudiobookBlog. I also post reviews at the author / narrator / publisher's request. Get in touch with me for more details.
B.Shoe
Wonderful book! A must listen..
This well written book is such a new twist on Mans search for immortality. It is a love story too. I throughly enjoyed the narrator, his voice was perfect. I highly recommend this book! I was given a copy of this audiobook in return for my unbiased opinion.


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text:
package io.mewbase.cqrs;

import io.mewbase.bson.BsonObject;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.function.Function;

/**
 * A Command is in essence a named function that maps a command name and some input context (paramters) parameters in the
 * form of a BsonObject
 */
public interface Command {

    String getName();

    String getOutputChannel();

    Function<BsonObject, BsonObject> getFunction();

    CompletableFuture<BsonObject> execute(BsonObject context);

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub