text:
La ciclina D es un miembro de la familia de las ciclinas, unas proteínas reguladoras del ciclo celular. En humanos se han descrito tres tipos de ciclina D estrechamente relacionadas, ciclina D1, ciclina D2 y ciclina D3. Estas ciclinas se expresan en la mayoría de las células proliferativas y regulan la progresión del ciclo celular. La mosca Drosophila y muchos otros organismos presentan un único tipo de ciclina D.

Función
Los miembros de la familia de las ciclinas actúan como subunidades reguladoras de los complejos ciclina/quinasa dependiente de ciclina (Cdk). La ciclina D modula la actividad de las serina/treonina quinasas Cdk4 y Cdk6. Esta ciclina es la principal reguladora de la fase G1 en organismos superiores (presentando una funcionalidad homóloga a Cln3 en la gemación de levaduras). La actividad de la ciclina D es crucial para el progreso y el paso a la fase S y es uno de los componentes centrales de los puntos de restricción del ciclo celular en mamíferos. Sin embargo, no es requerida en ciertos tipos celulares de rápida división, tales como los encontrados en embrión de Xenopus, donde predominan otras ciclinas.

La principal diana de la ciclina D es la proteína del retinoblastoma (pRB). El complejo ciclina D/Cdk4-6 es capaz de fosforilar directamente a pRB, lo cual detiene su efecto inhibitorio sobre el factor de transcripción E2F, que está implicado en la expresión de un gran número de genes reguladores del ciclo celular y del progreso hacia la fase S. El complejo ciclina D1/Cdk4-6 también tiene otras dianas asociadas a la regulación del ciclo celular. Además, la ciclina D es conocida por modular la estructura de la cromatina a nivel local y la transcripción de genes implicados en la proliferación y diferenciación celular a través de una asociación independiente de Cdks con enzimas histona acetilasas y deacetilasas (CBP, P/CAF). La amplificación y sobre-expresión de la ciclina D1 es importante en el desarrollo de diversos tipos de cáncer incluyendo adenoma paratiroideo, cáncer de mama, cáncer de próstata, cáncer de colon, linfomas y melanomas.

Regulación
La ciclina D es activada en respuesta a la señal mitogénica proveniente de la vía MAPK. Los factores de transcripción AP-1 y Myc aumentan la transcripción de ciclina D. Esta ciclina también es activada en respuesta a la señalización mediada por integrinas dependiente de la quinasa de adhesión focal (FAK) y/o de la actividad de las GTPasas de la familia Rho.

La enzima GSK3B lleva a cabo una fosforilación inhibitoria en el residuo de treonina 286 de la ciclina D, que da lugar a su degradación. La GSK3B es inhibida por la ruta PI3K, que es activada en respuesta a señales mitogénicas. Esto provee otro mecanismo por el cual los factores de crecimiento pueden activar a la ciclina D.

El complejo ciclina D/Cdk4-6 también requiere la actividad de cofactores tales como las proteínas Cip/Kip p27 y p21 para adquirir un estado funcional. La proteína INK4b p15 bloquea la capacidad de la ciclina D para formar complejos con Cdk4-6, inhibiendo así su función.

Véase también
 Ciclina
 Ciclina A
 Ciclina B
 Ciclina E

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Drosophila Ciclina D - La mosca interactiva

Reguladores del ciclo celular
Proteínas

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SESSION 1: How is My Company Really Doing?
This panel will focus on the ways in which investment bankers and potential buyers look at companies' financial performance and how different investors look at key metrics, such as quality of earnings, EBITDA (and add-backs), and others.
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I love finding Victress articles. I can't get enough of them. And when I can't find 'em – I write 'em! But today I didn't have to.
The article I found today shows a beautifully built Victress S1A that has wire wheels to boot! This was a Mercury Flathead powered car as well, and that suggests it was built fairly early in the '50s.
Later builds would have tended to use a small block Chevrolet engine or other overhead valve motor.
The car owned by Harold R. Beck of Norwalk, California, can start an argument if you attempt to place it in a definite category. It could qualify equally as a hot rod, custom, and sports car.
The engine is a hot rod standby – a '48 Merc flathead with the full treatment. This mill has been completely balanced, bored to 3-7/16 and stroked to 4 and 1/8 inches. A Howard M-16 cam actuates the oversize, sodium-filled valves through adjustable tappets.
Heads by Sharp give an 11.5-to-1 compression ratio. The fuel-air mixture is fed to hungry cylinders by three Stromberg 97 carburetors mounted on an Edelbrock manifold. A reworked Cadillac clutch couples the power plant to a '41 Ford transmission.
The body is a Victress fiberglass shell stuffed with red and white Naugahyde upholstery in a tufted pattern. Reworked '41 Ford bumpers and a reworked '55 Chevy grille fit nicely into the overall design of the car.
Altogether the car is a potential winner on the show floor, track, or drag strip.
We've found 20 Victress S1s and S1As so far and best we can tell….none of them are this car. Perhaps Harold Beck or family member will see this article and reveal the ultimate fate of the stunning early 50s sports car.
What a great addition to the Forgotten Fiberglass – and Victress family – this would be if found today.
Nice car, tho I don't remember that the owner ever brought it out to the shop.
This was my grandfather's car. The story I got was he built this car, aside from the fiberglass body, himself. I'm sure he can give a better rendition of the story though.


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Horse dukes out actress
Coeur D'Alene, Idaho � Actress Patty Duke remained in a hospital Friday after suffering a concussion and skull fracture earlier in the week when she tried to apply fly spray to a horse in her barn.
Duke, 55, who lives in northern Idaho with her husband, Michael Pearce, was listed in fair condition at the Kootenai Medical Center's Intensive Care Unit.
Sheriff's deputies quoted Pearce as saying that he left the barn while Duke was about to apply the spray to a 2-year-old filly in one of the stalls, heard a thump and his wife cry out.
When he got back inside the barn, Pearce told deputies he saw Duke on the floor of the stall. The horse was "excited and nervous and startled but not attacking," Pearce was quoted as saying.
Duke won a best-supporting actress Oscar in 1963 for "The Miracle Worker."
'Dirty, Pretty' wins raves
Venice � Director Stephen Frears' new movie, "Dirty Pretty Things," about the underbelly of immigrant life in England, drew strong reviews at the Venice Film Festival.
Frears, director of "Dangerous Liaisons" and "High Fidelity," said his latest movie is a story he couldn't turn down.
"I read the script and it was clearly an account of my country that I hadn't read before," he told a news conference Friday. "I knew it was absolutely original, no one had done anything like this."
The film tells the tale of an illegal immigrant from Nigeria who shares an apartment with an asylum-seeking Turkish woman played by Audrey Tautou, who made her name in the French hit "Amelie."
Reward offered in bridge arson
Winterset, Iowa � Robert Waller, author of the best-selling novel "The Bridges of Madison County," has offered a $10,000 reward for information leading to the conviction of the person responsible for burning down one of them.
State fire investigators say arson was the probable cause of Tuesday night's fire that destroyed Cedar Bridge. Investigators have removed several charred samples that will be tested for accelerants, said Sgt. Robert Hansen, spokesman for the state fire marshal's office.
"I have lost an old and dear friend with whom I have spent many quiet hours," Waller said in a statement released by the Madison County Sheriff's Department.
The 119-year-old bridge was where the lead characters in Waller's novel, farm wife Francesca Johnson and photographer Robert Kincaid, planned a rendezvous.
'First Love' singer finds love
Tokyo � Japanese pop star Hikaru Utada, whose debut CD, "First Love," set a domestic sales record, has married the director of her music videos.
Utada, 19, and Kazuaki Kiriya, 34, filed their marriage papers at a government office.
In a letter posted Friday on her Web site, Utada said she met Kiriya while working on the videos and cover photographs for her second album, "Distance."
"There are probably many people who are wondering why I am getting married at this young age," she wrote. "My decision came from a natural feeling of wanting to live my life with the one I love."
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Library rides nostalgia wave with launch of Retro Gaming Club
Ian Stepp remembers visiting his aunt's house as a kid, where he'd play classic games like Duck Hunt and iterations of the Mario Brothers saga on the family's trusty old Nintendo Entertainment System. Now pushing 30, Stepp is still a fan of the now-classic video games that in recent years have spawned a thriving culture and industry capitalizing on the nostalgia of grownups who coveted Nintendo game systems as kids in the 1980s and 90s.
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LOS ANGELES, CA; June 8, 2017 –Verifi, Inc., the leading provider of payment and risk management solutions for card-not-present merchants, today announced that their end-to-end chargeback management platform has been named the "Best Chargeback Management Program – Judges Choice" at the 2017 Card Not Present Expo show in Orlando, Florida.
This is the fifth year in a row that Verifi earned recognition from CNP for its unmatched suite of chargeback management and prevention services and accompanies another year of continued growth and global expansion for Verifi.
Verifi's Cardholder Dispute Resolution Network (CDRN) prevents hundreds of thousands of chargeback cases every month, providing real protection from costly fees, fines or penalties, and cardholder dissatisfaction which affect merchants and issuers alike. With year-over-year growth since its launch in 2007, CDRN's unique and patented "closed loop" process directly integrates with top issuers, providing unmatched service quality and accuracy for merchants in collaboration with issuers to resolve disputed payments and dramatically minimize chargebacks and cardholder dissatisfaction. By providing merchants with visibility into fraud and non-fraud customer disputes in near real-time, CDRN's closed loop process provides the highest level of true chargeback protection, while avoiding false positives that result in lost sales, increased manual review time, and decreased profits. CDRN covers approximately 50% of the US market and boasts a 90% resolution rate.
Additionally, Verifi's Premier Chargeback Revenue Recovery and Representment service helps merchants maximize chargeback win rates, lower operational expenses, and reclaim lost profits to unwarranted chargebacks. In addition, merchants receive over a decade of domain expertise, in-depth analytics, and fraudulent activity reporting to improve their billings operations. In 2016, the service recovered more than $14 million in previously lost revenue for merchants with a net win rate that was nearly twice the industry average.
Recently, Verifi developed and launched Order Insight, a revolutionary new chargeback and fraud mitigation service that enables the sharing of robust transaction details, such as merchant's name and contact information, date of purchase, name of device used in the order process, and item or service descriptions (size, color, style) between cardholders, merchants, and issuers when a dispute arises. By provisioning this data directly into the issuing bank's online or mobile applications, a questionable charge optimally can be resolved directly with the customer. This avoids a call to the issuer, saving the sale as well as wasted time, resources, and costs for all parties that would be incurred through the dispute representment process. Additionally, should a customer contact their bank, the call center representatives are armed with the same purchase details to provide a better customer experience. This way, bank personnel can validate the sale and avoid filing a false fraud case and limit efforts by the customer to "game the system" by denying legitimate charges.
Based in Los Angeles, California, Verifi established a London office and commenced operations in the UK in mid-2016. The company experienced rapid adoption and currently supports hundreds of merchants and recognized global brands in diverse industries, ranging from digital music, information technology, and entertainment, as well as top High Street and UK e-commerce clients. Verifi is on track to cover 70% of the UK market by year's end.
In response to the Company's rapid expansion and demand for services, Verifi has broadened their coverage beyond the UK into new markets, including Australia, New Zealand, APAC, France, Germany and others in 2017 and beyond.
Verifi, an award-winning provider of end-to-end payment protection and management solutions, was founded in 2005 to help merchants effectively manage the payments challenges they face every day. Verifi's Cardholder Dispute Resolution Network supports over 15,000 accounts globally and prevents hundreds of thousands of fraud and non-fraud chargebacks each month. Verifi's full suite of services helps merchants safely process payments with our payment gateway solutions, credit card fraud protection, prevent chargebacks and provide revenue recovery, as well as increase billings and reduce involuntary churn. Our best-in-breed solutions and white glove support are trusted by a wide range of industries from emerging companies to the Fortune 500. Headquartered in Los Angeles, California. For more information, visit: www.verifi.com.


ASEAN M&E Show is a must-attend exhibition for participants to get a great return on their show investment. The three day show featuring more than 40 seminars topic presented by the industry professional which included The 2nd International Conference of Women in Science, Engineering and Technology organised by Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM) and Women Engineers, ASHRAE Conference, IPAF Asia Conference and many more!
ASEAN M&E 2018 will give you the chance to meet your target audience in person and see the latest developments from the exhibitors. This is an unparalleled opportunity for companies to showcase their latest products and technological solutions to the market.
The long awaited Southeast Asia's Premier Refrigeration, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Expo & Forum., REVAC Expo & Forum has some of the HVACR BIGGEST BUSINESSES among the first committed to present in the show. Manufacturers, distributors have reserved their best location on the show floor, with many companies expecting to unveil all-new HVACR products and latest technology.
Thousands of industry professionals come to REVAC to find everything from the basics to the latest innovations in Refrigeration, Ventilation & Air-Conditioning and also expanding to Air Quality Control, Filtration and Insulation. REVAC brings the HVACR community together under one roof, providing opportunities to build successful business relationships. We hope to see you there!
In conjunction with ASEAN's Premier Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Show, REVAC Expo & Forum will be held at Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition Centre (MITEC), KL from 23 - 25 June 2020. Supported by Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB, the three-day event will see more than 350 exhibiting companies and expected 10,000 professionals trade visitors.
The start of the Year of the Monkey 2016 should be great and portends to be an auspicious year for air-conditioning businesses. REVAC Show & Symposium 2016 is celebrating a growing participation of air-conditioning..
The current has reached its peak, and we have realised that energy is the future.
Simultaneously, the air flows continuously with vast amount of business opportunities.
REVAC 2016 - Southeast Asia's International Refrigeration, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Show, the largest gathering point for the Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Industry's manufacturers, suppliers and vendors emerging, innovative and world-class technologies, products and services, offering unparalleled industry-targeted seminars and conferences to effectively introduce new offerings, increase brand awareness, promote products and connect with suppliers, customers and prospects.
Southeast Asia leading Refrigeration, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning industry show is coming to Kuala Lumpur on 23rd – 25th June 2020. REVAC 2020 is the perfect event to not only view and experience exclusive product launches; meet, interact and network with fellow industry professionals but also as an avenue to obtain the latest news, trends and happenings within the industry.
The 3 days event is the ideal platform to not only view and experience exclusive product launches, meet, interact and network with fellow industry professionals but also and avenue to obtain the latest trends and news within the industry.


Peking and the Forbiden Cit in 1843 just after the first 'Opium War' with Britain. This beautiful Plan of the city is remarkable for it's Chinese and English text.
A large and rare, hand colored, 19th Century plan of the Tatar, or Inner City Nuyching and the Imperial Palace Kingtoo of Peking, or Chun Thein Foo (Beijing) as it was known in 1843. This was the Northern residence of the Court , or Capital of the Chinese Empire.
The Plan seen here was one of several surveys put together by the British, after the outbreak of the first Opium War in China (3 November 1839 to 29 August 1842), when it was evident that little was really known about the region in a Europe which was already greedy for trade Imperialistic opportunities. The plan's legend on the top right explains in full it origins.
It is one of the most detailed and accurate plans of the old city, still accurate today over 165 years later. As with many other cartographic works the plan is an amalgamation of previous works, in this case four: A Plan brought from Peking from an Italian Missionary who had recently returned from Peking possibly Gaubil; An early (18th century) French plan of 1758 by the eminent French geographers Delisle and Pingre, based on information provided by Jesuit missionaries; A Russian plan of the city in 1812 completed by Father Hyacinth and finally, a more contemporary wood-cut brought from China by the missionary M.Gutzlaff.
The legend states that the plan provided by the Italian Missionary (possibly Gaubil) was purchased by Sir Woodbine Parish, who was at the time Chief Commissioner in Naples, in November of 1842. The plan was subsequently sent to the Royal Geographic Society, who made it known to the then Foreign Secretary Lord Aberdeen, for use in the event of a future attack on the city.
The British, by the mid 18th century had already established the foundations of Empire through the all-powerful Honourable East India Trading Company whose primary overseas office was based in Bombay, India. Major Thomas Best Jervis, a military engineer, who is responsible for the publication of the Plan on behalf of the British Government had worked on the survey of India, and was, a one point, appointed acting Surveyor General of India.
Perhaps the most enduring and relevant feature of this beautiful plan is that all of the text appears both in Chinese and in English. The translations were done by Samuel Birch, a leading Egyptologist and antiquarian, who in 1836 had been appointed to the Antiquarian department at the British Museum on account of his knowledge of Chinese.
The Plan itself measures w115cm x h96cm and is made up of 4 sheets joined together. The original is a Lithograph print and was highly regarded for being a celebration of both Chinese science and art which is evident in the both the layout of the plan as well as its presentation. Scales of corresponding distances; Chinese Li (or ╘Le╒ as the plan labels), along with other units and British statute miles and furlongs are given and distances between locations are clearly marked along with historical, social, commercial, religious and imperial monuments. Many of the Hootungs shown are still in existence today even as the city comes to terms with its own modern development although, thankfully, the place of execution is not!
It is also worth noting that the plan makes use of vibrant color to indicate different areas or sections of the city which lends a great deal of artistic merit to the overall picture. Also of note is the translation of key works between Chinese and English provided by Samuel Birch.


Discussion in 'Mac Pro' started by 7on, Jun 6, 2006.
I blame sharing video RAM and System RAM.
And your evidence for blaming Integrated Graphics for this is what exactly? It could have been caused by any number of things.
The rendering has nothing to do with displaying video. So your conclusion is weird.
It is just an application bug where the memory addressing went wrong, that causes nasty crashes like this. Could happen on any computer, with any OS, with any sloppy programmed application.
I commizerate -- I had a cascading app. crash once too when I was working on a video project. The power cable to my external HDD had come loose and the HDD did a couple of very quick power off-on-off-on cycles. Needless to say that DVD Studio Pro 3 couldn't quite figure that one out!
All the apps. that I had open crashed one after another and I lost the render, but after a restrart everything worked. I was indeed creepy -- especially since I was working on someone else's machine.
My guess is that when you clicked on the widget, you had to open dashboard, a RAM hungry app. (especially for video). Dashboard tried to preempt a whole bunch of RAM and iDVD couldn't give it up fast enough, causing iDVD to crash, but without releasing its RAM back to the system. So all of a sudden you were using a Mac with like 0 MB of RAM available and everytime some new app tried to do anything, it ran into a brick wall.
Did things work after a restart?
Maybe, but with only system RAM, wouldn't the RAM- and processor-intensive rendering process run into problems when the system tried to preempt RAM for video?
I blame the Chicago Bears. My conclusion has the same substance than yours.
You can't just have a crash and then say its caused by Integrated Graphics with no evidence. No software is perfect, and no software never crashes. I'm not saying that Integrated Graphics didn't cause it, but you give no evidence for your conclusion.
"Maybe, but with only system RAM, wouldn't the RAM- and processor-intensive rendering process run into problems when the system tried to preempt RAM for video?"
I should not, the OS should take care of that. That's why it has protected memory. Unless of course some nasty Widget does illegal things addressing memory.
Would the Chicago Bears access a bit of RAM that iDVD was going to access? But when iDVD got there an OpenGL effect was being rendered and thus CRASHHHHH. As far as I know the Chicago Bears aren't in my MacBook.
Apple hasn't coded for integrated graphics in a while - definitely the first time OSX and iDVD had to deal with integrated graphics.
And I doubt ALL those things would have separate bugs. I think it's a bug in the way Apple handles memory protection with shared RAM. But that's just me.
I think it's a bug in the way Apple handles memory protection with shared RAM. But that's just me.
Yes, if only the rest of us had the power to debug software using only the powers of guesswork and innuendo. I know it would make my life easier.
I'd blame it more on the Intel processor than the Intel graphics hardware. Perhaps, the two cores were accessing each other's memory along with the GPU's memory.
However, it could be like so many other things--the transition of Mac OS X to Intel hasn't smoothed out much. Good luck!
And that is about as interesting as...hmm...sitting in an elevator?
You can blame whatever you want, but your 3D gfx card has very little to do w/encoding 2D video in iDVD. I tend to leave iDVD alone when it's doing it's thing 'cause 1. encoding MPEG2 is very proc heavy so it makes my computer sluggish as hell and 2. in my experience it's too easy to upset iDVD by using other apps while encoding & burning a disc.
Ahhh, well I'm glad iDVD doesn't use RAM.
The simple fact is that an OpenGL effect from the opening widget ripple caused iDVD to crash and other apps too.
A cosmic ray passed through your computer and flipped a bit inside the RAM used by the kernal.
OK unlikley but this exact senario does happen now and then and given your description there is not way to know if the problen is due to sharing video and system RAM is if the problen is the cosmic ray event. More information would be required to determine which.
Oh yes, a video driverbug could have done the same thing. If I were to bet my money would be on the driver bug.
Your initial conclusion didn't make any sense, nor did your above attempt to be funny.
I am pretty confident in my error analysis. But I won't avoid dashboard. An error like this probably won't happen again in all possibility. Much like the original System 1 copy and paste bug, but less than a 50% chance of happening. But thanks for the support.
Jesus Christ! Are all you Mac guys this grumpy?
He made a baseless assumption and then a stupid joke. By telling me this, you're just as bad as I am here.


text:
Malawi closes borders again following coronavirus resurgence
December 24, 2020 December 23, 2020 The African Mirror	coronavirus resurgence, closed borders, COVID-19, Malawi
MALAWI will close its borders for 14 days and restrict public gatherings to 100 people following a new surge in cases of the coronavirus, the southern African nation's presidential task force on COVID-19 said on Tuesday.
After nearly two months without new positive cases, Malawi on Tuesday recorded 46 new infections, bringing the total number of infections to 6,248, with 187 deaths, according to the health ministry.
Malawi's borders and airports re-opened in October as positive cases fell, although some experts fear the real figure may be higher as just over 80,000 tests have been conducted.
Malawi has a population of around 19 million.
Though small in size – about one-tenth the size of South Africa – Malawi is among the top 10 in the continent in terms of population density, making it vulnerable to the fast-spreading respiratory disease.
The task force said in a briefing in the administrative capital Lilongwe that only essential services personnel and traffic carrying essentials like fuel and medicines would be allowed through the borders.
It said Malawians deported from other countries would also be allowed to enter the country. Those returning would be required to go into mandatory isolation facilities at airports, the officials said.
Labour minister Ken Kandodo tested positive for COVID-19 this week and had been admitted to hospital, where he reported to be in stable condition. – Thomson Reuters Foundation.
COVID-19 kills two Malawi cabinet ministers
Malawi to lift COVID-19 air travel, school…
Malawi's Chakwera pledges graft clampdown
Chad locks down capital for first time as COVID-19…
← Tunisia to ban New Year celebrations, extends night curfew
Insider Bazoum emerges as likely winner in Niger's first democratic transfer of power →


text:
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var loadTemplate = require('../utils/loadTemplate'),
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    MediumEditor = require('medium-editor'),
    messageModal = require('../utils/messageModal'),
    chosen = require('../utils/chosen.jquery.min.js');

module.exports = Backbone.View.extend({

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    'click #shippingFreeTrue': 'disableShippingPrice',
    'click #shippingFreeFalse': 'enableShippingPrice',
    'change .js-itemImageUpload': 'resizeImage',
    'change #inputType': 'changeType',
    'click .js-editItemDeleteImage': 'deleteImage',
    'blur input': 'validateInput',
    'blur textarea': 'validateInput',
    'focus #inputExpirationDate': 'addDefaultTime',
    'click .js-itemEditClearDate': 'clearDate'
  },

  initialize: function(){
    var self=this,
        hashArray = this.model.get('vendor_offer').listing.item.image_hashes,
        nowDate = new Date(),
        nowMonth = nowDate.getMonth()+ 1;

    function padTime(val){
      "use strict";
      if(val >= 10){
        return val;
      } else {
        return "0" + val;
      }
    }

    this.defaultDate = nowDate.getFullYear() + "-" + padTime(nowMonth) + "-" + padTime(nowDate.getDate()) + "T" + padTime(nowDate.getHours()) + ":" + padTime(nowDate.getMinutes());
    this.combinedImagesArray = [];
    __.each(hashArray, function(hash){
      self.combinedImagesArray.push(self.model.get('serverUrl')+"get_image?hash="+hash);
    });
    //add images urls to the combinedImagesArray for rendering
    this.model.set('combinedImagesArray', this.combinedImagesArray);
    this.inputKeyword;

    //add existing hashes to the list to be uploaded on save
    var anotherHashArray = __.clone(self.model.get("vendor_offer").listing.item.image_hashes);
    self.model.set("imageHashesToUpload", anotherHashArray);
    self.model.set('expTime', self.model.get('vendor_offer').listing.metadata.expiry.replace(" UTC", ""));

    this.render();
  },

  render: function(){
    var self = this;
    loadTemplate('./js/templates/itemEdit.html', function(loadedTemplate) {
      self.$el.html(loadedTemplate(self.model.toJSON()));
      self.setFormValues();

      // prevent the body from picking up drag actions
      //TODO: make these nice backbone events
      $(document.body).bind("dragover", function(e) {
        e.preventDefault();
        return false;
      });

      $(document.body).bind("drop", function(e){
        e.preventDefault();
        return false;
      });

      var editor = new MediumEditor('#inputDescription', {
          placeholder: {
            text: ''
          },
          toolbar: {
            imageDragging: false,
            sticky: true
          }
      });

    });
    return this;
  },

  setFormValues: function(){ //TODO: Refactor to a generic enumeration pattern
    var typeValue = String(this.model.get('vendor_offer').listing.metadata.category) || "physical good",
        self = this;
    this.$el.find('input[name=nsfw]').val([String(this.model.get('vendor_offer').listing.item.nsfw)]);
    this.$el.find('input[name=free_shipping]').val([String(this.model.get('vendor_offer').listing.shipping.free)]);
    this.$el.find('#inputType').val(typeValue);
    //hide or unhide shipping based on product type
    if(typeValue === "physical good") {
      this.enableShipping();
    } else {
      this.disableShipping();
    }
    //hide or unhide shipping based on free shipping
    if(this.model.get('vendor_offer').listing.shipping.free == true){
      this.disableShippingPrice();
    } else {
      this.enableShippingPrice();
    }
    //if item has a condition, set it
    if(this.model.get('vendor_offer').listing.item.condition){
      this.$el.find('#inputCondition').val(String(this.model.get('vendor_offer').listing.item.condition));
    }
    //add all countries to the Ships To select list
    var countries = new countriesModel();
    var countryList = countries.get('countries');
    var shipsTo = this.$el.find('#shipsTo');
    __.each(countryList, function(countryFromList, i){
      shipsTo.append('<option value="'+countryFromList.dataName+'">'+countryFromList.name+'</option>');
    });

    var shipsToValue = this.model.get('vendor_offer').listing.shipping.shipping_regions;
    //if shipsToValue is empty, set it to the user's country
    shipsToValue = shipsToValue.length > 0 ? shipsToValue : this.model.get('userCountry');
    shipsTo.val(shipsToValue);

    var keywordTags = this.model.get('vendor_offer').listing.item.keywords;
    keywordTags = keywordTags ? keywordTags.filter(Boolean) : [];
    //activate tags plugin
    //hacky fix for now, because DOM is not complete when taggle is called, resulting in a container size of zero
    //TODO: find a fix for this, so taggle is initialized after reflow is complete
    window.setTimeout(function(){
      self.inputKeyword = new Taggle('inputKeyword', {
        tags: keywordTags,
        preserveCase: true,
        submitKeys: [188, 9, 13, 32],
        saveOnBlur: true
      });
    },1);

    //set chosen inputs
    $('.chosen').chosen({width: '100%'});

    //focus main input
    this.$el.find('input[name=title]').focus();
    $('#obContainer').animate({ scrollTop: "460px" });
  },

  disableShippingPrice: function(){
    this.$el.find('.js-shippingPriceRow').addClass('visuallyHidden');
    this.$el.find('#shippingPriceLocalLocal, #shippingPriceInternationalLocal')
        .prop({disabled: true, require: false});
    //if prices are disabled, force free_shipping to be free
    this.$el.find('input[name=free_shipping]').val(["true"]);
  },

  enableShippingPrice: function(){
    this.$el.find('.js-shippingPriceRow').removeClass('visuallyHidden');
    this.$el.find('#shippingPriceLocalLocal, #shippingPriceInternationalLocal')
        .prop({disabled: false, require: true});
  },

  disableShipping: function(){
    this.$el.find('.js-shippingRow, .js-shippingRowFree').addClass('visuallyHidden');
    this.$el.find('.js-shippingRow input')
        .prop({disabled: true, require: false});
  },

  enableShipping: function() {
    this.$el.find('.js-shippingRow, .js-shippingRowFree').removeClass('visuallyHidden');
    this.$el.find('.js-shippingRow input')
        .prop({disabled: false, require: true});
    //if chosen selector started hidden, it will be too narrow
    $('.js-shippingRow .chosen-container').css({width: '100%'});
  },

  changeType: function(e) {
    var newTyleValue = $(e.target).val();
    if(newTyleValue === "physical good") {
      this.enableShipping();
      //only show shipping prices if free shipping is not true
      if(this.$el.find('input[name=free_shipping]').val() == "false") {
        this.enableShippingPrice();
      }
    } else {
      this.disableShipping();
      this.disableShippingPrice();
    }
  },

  addDefaultTime: function(e){
    "use strict";
    var timeInput = this.$el.find('#inputExpirationDate'),
        currentValue = timeInput.val();
    if(!currentValue){
      timeInput.val(this.defaultDate);
    }
    this.$el.find('.js-itemEditClearDateWrapper').removeClass('hide');
  },

  clearDate: function(){
    "use strict";
    this.$el.find('#inputExpirationDate').val('');
  },

  resizeImage: function(){
    "use strict";
    var self = this,
        imageFiles = this.$el.find('.js-itemImageUpload')[0].files,
        maxH = 357,
        maxW = 357,
        imageList = [],
        imageCount = imageFiles.length;

    __.each(imageFiles, function(imageFile, i){
      var newImage = document.createElement("img"),
          ctx;

      newImage.src = imageFile.path;
      newImage.onload = function() {
        var imgH = newImage.height,
            imgW = newImage.width,
            dataURI,
            canvas = document.createElement("canvas");

        self.$el.find('.js-itemEditImageLoading').removeClass("fadeOut");

        if (imgW < imgH){
          //if image width is smaller than height, set width to max
          imgH *= maxW/imgW;
          imgW = maxW;
        }else{
          imgW *= maxH/imgH;
          imgH = maxH;
        }

        canvas.width = imgW;
        canvas.height = imgH;
        ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
        ctx.drawImage(newImage, 0, 0, imgW, imgH);
        dataURI = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg', 0.75);
        dataURI = dataURI.replace(/^data:image\/(png|jpeg);base64,/, "");
        imageList.push(dataURI);
        if(i+1 === imageCount) {
          self.uploadImage(imageList);
        }
      };
    });
  },

  uploadImage: function(imageList){
    var self = this,
        formData = new FormData();
    __.each(imageList, function(dataURL){
      "use strict";
      formData.append('image', dataURL);
    });

    $.ajax({
      type: "POST",
      url: self.model.get('serverUrl') + "upload_image",
      contentType: false,
      processData: false,
      dataType: "json",
      data: formData,
      success: function(data) {
        var hashArray,
            imageArray;

        if (data.success === true){
          imageArray = __.clone(self.model.get("combinedImagesArray"));
          hashArray = __.clone(self.model.get("imageHashesToUpload"));
          __.each(data.image_hashes, function (hash) {
            if(hash != "b472a266d0bd89c13706a4132ccfb16f7c3b9fcb" && hash.length === 40){
              imageArray.push(self.model.get('serverUrl') + "get_image?hash=" + hash);
              hashArray.push(hash);
            }
          });
          self.model.set("combinedImagesArray", imageArray);
          self.model.set("imageHashesToUpload", hashArray);
          self.$el.find('.js-itemEditImageLoading').addClass("fadeOut");
          self.updateImages();
        }else if (data.success === false){
          messageModal.show(window.polyglot.t('errorMessages.saveError'), "" + data.reason + "");
        }
      },
      error: function(jqXHR, status, errorThrown){
        console.log(jqXHR);
        console.log(status);
        console.log(errorThrown);
      }
    });
  },

  updateImages: function(){
    var self = this,
        subImageDivs = this.$el.find('.js-editItemSubImage'),
        imageArray = this.model.get("combinedImagesArray"),
        uploadMsg = this.$el.find('.js-itemEditLoadPhotoMessage');

    //remove extra subImage divs
    subImageDivs.slice(imageArray.length).remove();

    if(imageArray.length > 0){
      __.each(imageArray, function (imageURL, i) {
        if (i < subImageDivs.length){
          $(subImageDivs[i]).css('background-image', 'url(' + imageURL + ')');
        }else{
          $('

')
              .appendTo(self.$el.find('.js-editItemSubImagesWrapper'));
        }
      });
      uploadMsg.addClass('hide');
    } else {
      uploadMsg.removeClass('hide');
    }
  },

  deleteImage: function(e) {
    var imageUploadArray,
        imgIndex = $(e.target).closest('.itemImg').data('index'),
        imageArray = __.clone(this.model.get("combinedImagesArray"));

    imageArray.splice(imgIndex, 1);
    this.model.set("combinedImagesArray", imageArray);
    imageUploadArray = __.clone(this.model.get("imageHashesToUpload"));
    imageUploadArray.splice(imgIndex, 1);
    this.model.set("imageHashesToUpload", imageUploadArray);
    this.updateImages();
  },

  validateInput: function(e) {
    "use strict";
    e.target.checkValidity();
    $(e.target).closest('.flexRow').addClass('formChecked');
  },

  saveChanges: function(){
    var self = this,
        formData,
        //deleteThisItem,
        cCode = this.model.get('userCurrencyCode'),
        submitForm = this.$el.find('#contractForm')[0],
        keywordsArray = this.inputKeyword.getTagValues();

    /*
    deleteThisItem = function(newHash){
      $.ajax({
          type: "DELETE",
          url: self.model.get('serverUrl') + "contracts?id="+self.model.get('id'),
          success: function() {
              self.trigger('deleteOldDone', newHash);
          },
          error: function(jqXHR, status, errorThrown){
              console.log(jqXHR);
              console.log(status);
              console.log(errorThrown);
          }
      });
    };
    */
    this.$el.find('#inputCurrencyCode').val(cCode);
    this.$el.find('#inputShippingCurrencyCode').val(cCode);
    this.$el.find('#inputShippingOrigin').val(this.model.get('userCountry'));
    //convert number field to string field
    this.$el.find('#inputPrice').val(this.$el.find('#priceLocal').val());
    this.$el.find('#inputShippingDomestic').val(this.$el.find('#shippingPriceLocalLocal').val());
    this.$el.find('#inputShippingInternational').val(this.$el.find('#shippingPriceInternationalLocal').val());
    /*
    if(cCode === "BTC"){
      this.$el.find('#inputPrice').val(this.$el.find('.js-priceBtc').val());
      this.$el.find('#inputShippingDomestic').val(this.$el.find('#shippingPriceLocalBtc').val());
      this.$el.find('#inputShippingInternational').val(this.$el.find('#shippingPriceInternationalBtc').val());
    }else{
      this.$el.find('#inputPrice').val(this.$el.find('.js-priceLocal').val());
      this.$el.find('#inputShippingDomestic').val(this.$el.find('#shippingPriceLocalLocal').val());
      this.$el.find('#inputShippingInternational').val(this.$el.find('#shippingPriceInternationalLocal').val());
    }
    */

    formData = new FormData(submitForm);
    //add old and new image hashes
    __.each(this.model.get('imageHashesToUpload'), function(imHash){
      //make sure all hashes are valid
      if(imHash != "b472a266d0bd89c13706a4132ccfb16f7c3b9fcb" && imHash.length === 40){
        formData.append('images', imHash);
      }
    });

    if(keywordsArray.length > 0){
      __.each(keywordsArray, function(keyword){
        "use strict";
        formData.append('keywords', keyword);
      });
    } else {
      formData.append('keywords', "");
    }

    //if this is an existing product, do not delete the images
    if (self.model.get('id')) {
      formData.append('delete_images', false);
    }

    //if this is an existing item, pass in the contract id
    if(self.model.get('vendor_offer').listing.contract_id){
      formData.append('contract_id', self.model.get('vendor_offer').listing.contract_id);
    }

    //if condition is disabled, insert default value
    if($('#inputCondition:disabled').length > 0){
      formData.append('condition', 'New');
    }

    //add moderator list from profile
    __.each(this.model.get('moderators'), function(moderator){
      formData.append('moderators', moderator.guid);
    });

    //add formChecked class to form so invalid fields are styled as invalid
    this.$el.find('#contractForm').addClass('formChecked');

    if(submitForm.checkValidity()){
      $.ajax({
        type: "POST",
        url: self.model.get('serverUrl') + "contracts",
        contentType: false,
        processData: false,
        data: formData,
        success: function (data) {
          //var returnedId = self.model.get('id');
          data = JSON.parse(data);
          /*
          //if the itemEdit model has an id, it was cloned from an existing item
          //if the id returned is the same, an edit was made with no changes, don't delete it
          if (returnedId && data.success === true && returnedId != data.id){
            deleteThisItem(data.id);
          }else if (data.success === false){
            messageModal.show(window.polyglot.t('errorMessages.saveError'), "" + data.reason + "");
          }else{
            //item is new or unchanged
            */
            //self.trigger('saveNewDone', data.id);
          //}
          if (data.success === true) {
            self.trigger('saveNewDone', data.id);
          } else {
            messageModal.show(window.polyglot.t('errorMessages.saveError'), "" + data.reason + "");
          }
        },
        error: function (jqXHR, status, errorThrown) {
          console.log(jqXHR);
          console.log(status);
          console.log(errorThrown);
        }
      });
    }else{
      var invalidInputList = "";
      $(submitForm).find('input').each(function() {
        if($(this).is(":invalid")){
          invalidInputList += "
"+$(this).attr('id');
        }
      });
      messageModal.show(window.polyglot.t('errorMessages.saveError'), window.polyglot.t('errorMessages.missingError') + "
"+ invalidInputList+"");
    }
  },

  close: function(){
    __.each(this.subViews, function(subView) {
      if(subView.close){
        subView.close();
      }else{
        subView.unbind();
        subView.remove();
      }
    });
    this.unbind();
    this.remove();
  }
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Kidnapped University Of Rochester Students Rescued By SWAT
By Leo Markus
Image via Pixabay
Two college students from the University of Rochester have been rescued by a SWAT team following their abduction, according to police.
Four suspects were arrested in connection with the abduction of the two seniors, Nicholas Kollias and Ani Okeke Ewo of Illinois, Fox News and the Associated Press reported.
The students, who were reportedly held against their will for more than 36 hours, were rescued on Sunday night after members of the SWAT team entered the residence in which they were being unlawfully held at 9:20 p.m. local time.
Rochester Police Chief Michael Ciminelli indicated to the Democrat & Chronicle that the two students appeared to have been targeted for kidnapping, no apparent threat to the school has been established and those apprehended by authorities were apt to face kidnapping and assault charges.
The two 21-year-old abductees, both senior football players at the school, were reported missing at around 6:30 p.m. on Saturday after having last been seen over four hours prior, at roughly 2 in the morning, NBC News reported. The pair was believed to have been traveling in a 2005 BMW SUV, according to the authorities.
The two students were, according to NBC New York, both originally residents of Chicago, Illinois.
This could have turned out in a very different way.
Joel Seligman, the president of the university the two students attend, was quoted by NBC as having said that things "could have turned out in a very different way" as he noted a "collective sense of relief" following the rescue of the two students.
The university released a statement on Monday in which the school's officials noted that while they're unable to release any additional details during the on-going investigation into the kidnapping, they "don't believe there to be any further threat to the safety of our students or to community members here at the University of Rochester."
Related Items:Ani Okeke Ewo, Kidnapped Students Rescued, Nicholas Kollias, SWAT Rescues Students, University Of Rochester, University Students Kidnapped


The production of Bitcoin through mining is an energy-intensive process – a fact which many critics are quick to point out. Compared to mining gold, however, which consumes more than twenty times the energy, mining Bitcoin isn't quite the environment killer that critics make it out to be.
Pulling raw precious metals out of the ground is a very intensive process in terms of the time, labor, resources, and money required. Heavy machinery is required to dig up soil, wash the rocks and mud, and filter out the gold. In the end, the consumption of energy in gold mining is very high. So steep that it costs $87.3 billion per year to mine the world's annual gold production. This figure is based on a 2017 report which does not provide a transparent overview of the total energy consumption.
Assuming those numbers hold up, it paints a worrisome picture. Diesel fuel plays an integral role in the mining of gold worldwide. Nearly 100 million barrels of crude oil power this industry every single year, according to analysts. Of course, mining Bitcoins uses oil as well, insomuch as most power plants around the world are still powered by fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil).
It is estimated that the total electricity consumption for the entire Bitcoin network this year will reach just over 73 TWh. At the current conversion rate of 1 TWh = 588,440.75 barrels of crude oil, that works out to a total of just over 42 million barrels of crude oil. Even assuming that all of the energy needed is oil-generated – which it isn't – Bitcoin mining still consumes less than half of the amount of crude oil than gold mining.
This does not mean that the gold mining industry needs to reduce its energy consumption. In fact, it seems impossible to do so under current circumstances. The scarce precious metal will only become more difficult to find and dig up. As such, its total energy consumption and associated costs will continue to rise over time. This is not unlike Bitcoin, which is also becoming more scarce over time.
Recent reports pertaining to Bitcoin mining show its energy consumption is very high. In fact, it is nearly equal to 70% of Ecuador's total electricity output. Comparing one industry to nations always presents a rather skewed picture, but even so, Bitcoin mining consumes 0.07% of the global electricity capacity. This adds up to a total annual cost of $4.3 billion – less than 1/20 (one-twentieth) than that of mining gold.
Gold mining, on the other hand, consumes 0.27% of global oil production. Considering how oil is a fossil fuel and harmful to climate, mining gold seems to have more troublesome side effects. However, it is hardly ever mentioned in such a context these days. A lot of people seem focused on the downsides of Bitcoin mining as of right now.
In the end, mining Bitcoin is more efficient compared to gold mining. How long this correlation will favor cryptocurrencies, is difficult to predict. The interest in Bitcoin continues to rise. New mining operations are created in regions with plenty of access to renewable energy. As such, the total electricity consumption will rise accordingly. Scarcity pushes energy consumption to new levels, both for gold and Bitcoin alike.
What do you think about the comparison between Bitcoin and gold mining's energy consumption? Will it matter to environment-focused Bitcoin critics? Let us know in the comments below.


We have a keen core that are going up the hill this Saturday. We are meeting at the gate at 11am.
Please ensure you have suitable clothing, something to eat and drink and a hat for sun or rain!
There is a jug and hot plate there to heat up your lunch and we will have the supper box there with tea and coffee.
The plan is to be down the hill at 3 or 4pm. (We have a couple of vehicles so can adjust to suit people on the day).
If you are keen to join us please text John on oh two one seven 10 102.
Cancellations will be on this web page.
The results of the NZART Doug Gorman Memorial Frequency Measuring Contest 2012 are presented below. These results are provisional and have been checked carefully but if you think an error has crept in please let NZART HQ know as soon as possible.
Propagation conditions this year did not favour precise measurement, but congratulations to winner Mike ZL4OL who did a brilliant job using off-the-air calibration.
This working bee has been confirmed for this Saturday 26th May.
If you are keen to help please turn up when you can.
Meeting 10am at the entrance to 4RF in Glover St.
Please bring work gloves and work clothes!


text:
Engineering Product Design graduates celebrate 30th anniversary at LSBU reunion
Six 1982 graduates return to LSBU to talk about career success and share their experiences with current students
The BSc (Hons) Engineering Product Design course (EPD) was set up at what was then the Polytechnic of the South Bank in the late 1970s and the first group of students successfully graduated in 1982.
Recently, six EPD alumni reunited and returned to what is now London South Bank University to celebrate the 30th anniversary of their graduation. Left to right in the photo: Roberto Fraquelli, Nik Hills, Ian Tansley, Trevor Towler, Nigel Morris and Shane Sullivan.
Most of the group had not seen each other since then and they had a lot to talk about but before their social evening they wanted visit their former design studios and workshops where they witnessed great changes and investment in technology. In 1982 all students made models and prototypes either by hand or on hand-operated machines; in addition to the traditional tools and machines however the workshops now include a range of computer-operated model and prototype-making equipment such the rapid prototyping and 3D printing machines.
The alumni particularly wanted to meet the current students and spent time offering advice and sharing information about their careers. They all agreed that a sandwich placement was invaluable and that all students should spend a year working in industry - the experience gained makes for better final year projects and significantly improves employment prospects. Another example of the benefits of a sandwich placement was described by Nigel Morris who returned to Rolls Royce after graduation and has been happily and successfully employed there as an aerospace engineer ever since. Trevor Towler spent his placement year with Peerless Pumps which also helped him to secure employment as an engineer following graduation and this experience helped him win his current position as a Business Development Manager for Vokes Brand SPX Flow Technology.
The other alumni also progressed to a variety of engineering and design related jobs. At various points in their careers Ian Tansley, Nik Hills, Shane Sullivan and Roberto Fraquelli returned to education and studied for masters level qualifications at Cranfield and Bath universities and at the Royal College of Art. Ian subsequently worked for Dulas for several years where he developed renewable energy-based products for use in developing countries. In 2003 he founded True Energy and he continues to develop similar kinds of vital and ethical products. Nik worked as a design engineer for Electrolux before embarking on his teaching career in 1990 and he is now Design Director at University of Bradford. Before moving to the south coast Roberto worked as a designer for IDEO and he still practices as a freelance design consultant as well as being an academic at Plymouth University. Initially Shane worked as a production engineer but used this experience to realise his ambition and move into IT and he recently landed his dream job as the track-side IT portfolio manager for McLaren Formula One.
When asked why these former students chose the EPD course the answers were virtually identical to those given by many more recent and current students: the course had an excellent blend of practical elements (in the form of design-and-make projects) combined with more formal training in engineering subjects. As the Design capital of the UK studying in London on the EPD course offered students experiences and opportunities that are not available elsewhere.
The alumni also acknowledged the contribution that the staff made to their development, which Shane described as follows: 'EPD put me on track for a great future – we don't always recognise that when we are young, which is why we owe so much to all the staff who help us on our way through the system, but also in particular to the dedication and excellence of a number of special staff who go the extra mile for us and with us'.
All the past and present Engineering Product Design and Product Design students and staff who took part in the reunion really enjoyed meeting each other. The students also stated that they had broadened their understanding of potential careers and were really inspired by the final piece of advice from the alumni offered:
Work hard – don't waste this golden opportunity
Learn some people skills (as well as engineering, design & technical skills)
Find what you love doing, as quickly as possible, and pursue it – Enjoy!


Classes started Wednesday at Dawson College, and the school has a sporting solution to its overcrowding problem: place students in the Pepsi Forum.
The former home of the Canadiens on Ste. Catherine St. between Atwater Ave. and Lambert Closse St. is now hosting lessons on sociology and other academic subjects.
The expansion is thanks to a three per cent spike in enrolment in CEGEPs across Montreal. For Dawson, that translates to 300 more students, forcing the creation of nine classrooms and two social science laboratories.
The last-minute move meant windowless classrooms still smelled of fresh paint for Wednesday's classes, and desks were only brought in on Tuesday.
Sociology teacher Anna-Liisa Aunio had a few warnings for students who would be tempted to play hooky while walking from the main campus to her classroom.
"I told the students at the first class, don't get lost on the way up. Don't go to the movies, don't find your way to the bar, which is right next door or the bowling alley," said Aunio.
The building's manager, Andre Jude, said he's pleased with the expansion's potential to increase sales at the Pepsi Forum.
"Of course when you increase traffic, you increase visibility, so the potential of your businesses getting more customers is obviously enhanced," he said.
The province provided Dawson College with additional funding this summer to acquire the nine extra classrooms after it rejected hundreds of qualified applicants.
The space crunch is due to a population bulge which is expected to last until 2013. Dawson has signed on to remain at the Forum for three to five years.
School officials say if the program works, it may permanently expand to the Forum to teach adult education classes.
"Of the demographic shift that we're in, there's a demand for supply to the workforce, so continuing education will be called to play a greater role," said Richard Filion, Dawson College's director general.


How do locking pliers work?
If you want to learn more about locking pliers, you've come to the right place.
First, let's make sure we understand what exactly is this tool. Also called a vise-grip, locking pliers will help you enhance your hold on an object, especially when you're going to remove it. Some items require a tighter grip just so you can twist them successfully.
Now that you have an idea on the main purpose of locking pliers, we're finally going to learn how its features work based on Hunker's guide.
The first components you should control are the handles. When you pull both handles to separate them, the jaws open up.
Just in case the object is smaller or bigger than the jaws' gap, find the round screw-head that's usually at the bottom of a handle. Rotate the bolt counterclockwise for a wider gap, and vice versa.
To lock the jaws around the object, push the handles closer until there's a clicking sound. Also, check if there's a metal popping out between the handles to ensure the grip.
Lastly, to unlock the jaws, simply push the metal piece down.
For starters, the handles should be pulled away from each other to open the jaws. Then, move the handles closer together until the grip is tight on the object. When you need adjustments, just control the screw-head near one handle.
If you're interested in other types of pliers, you might like to focus on the long-nosed one first. What are needle-nose pliers used for?
As a plus, learn how to use needle-nose pliers for removing watch band links and repairing cordless drills.


The questions that follow explore whether the Fourth Amendment bars police from searching a car, its driver, or passengers without a search warrant, or restricts the scope of such a search (click on the chart on the right for an overview).
Lets begin with the initial encounter, which will typically fall within one of three categories. Police may make routine traffic stops with a show of authority (signaling the driver to pull over with lights or siren). Sometimes a traffic stop is made without individualized suspicion, as part of a roadblock or checkpoint. Other times police approach a car that is already stopped.
If the stop is at the border or its functional equivalent (i.e., an international airport), a search of the vehicle or the occupants is lawful without probable cause or reasonable suspicion. United States v. Ramsey, 431 U.S. 606, 616 (1977); Almeida-Sanchez v. United States, 413 U.S. 266 (1973).
Title 8 U.S.C. § 1357(a)(3) provides authority for fixed checkpoints designed to intercept illegal aliens ("immigration checkpoints"). Brief, suspicionless seizures of motorists at these checkpoints, or similar checkpoints to detect drunk drivers or to verify drivers' licenses and vehicle registrations are apparently permissible. See City of Indianapolis v. Edmond, 531 U.S. 32, 37-38 (2000). However, a suspicionless stop at a roadblock established to "uncover evidence of ordinary criminal wrongdoing" is impermissible. Id. at 42.
Decisions may not be based on the "unconstrained exercise of discretion" or "unbridled discretion of police officers." Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648, 663 (1979). There needs to be an element of randomness (e.g., every tenth car).
If the vehicle is already stopped and unoccupied, there is normally no seizure that would trigger Fourth Amendment concerns. This may be true as well for stopped but occupied vehicles because "a person is 'seized' only when, by means of physical force or a show of authority, his freedom of movement is restrained." United States v. Mendenhall, 446 U.S. 544, 553 (1980). Id. at 554. Simply requesting identification, without more, is not detention. Id.
Note also that suspicionless stops of individuals may be lawful where the circumstances are so compelling that the warrantless search is objectively reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. See Brigham City, Utah v. Stuart, 547 U.S. 398, 399 (2006) (emergency aid doctrine).
Police may not enter a home or its curtilage to look at a vehicle without a warrant unless a warrant exception applies. Collins v. Virginia, 584 U.S. ___ (2018).
Even if probable cause does not exist, there might be authority to impound a vehicle for community caretaking purposes. Lawfully impounded vehicles may be inventoried for the purpose of protecting the owner's property while it is in police custody; protecting the police against claims of lost or stolen property; protecting the police from potential danger; or to determine whether a vehicle has been stolen and thereafter abandoned. South Dakota v. Opperman, 428 U.S. 364, 369 (1976).
The search may extend to closed containers. Police retain some discretion regarding what to open, "so long as that discretion is exercised according to standard criteria and on the basis of something other than suspicion of evidence of criminal activity." Colorado v. Bertine, 479 U.S. 367, 375 (1987). "A police officer may be allowed sufficient latitude to determine whether a particular container should or should not be opened in light of the nature of the search and characteristics of the container itself." Florida v. Wells, 495 U.S. 1, 4 (1990) (unlawful because police had no policy whatsoever with respect to the opening of closed containers).
The stop or search was unlawful, so the evidence will be suppressed unless the government can justify the search under the independent source, inevitable discovery, or attenuation doctrines.
First, the independent source doctrine allows trial courts to admit evidence obtained in an unlawful search if officers independently acquired it from a separate, independent source. Second, the inevitable discovery doctrine allows for the admission of evidence that would have been discovered even without the unconstitutional source. Third, ..., is the attenuation doctrine: Evidence is admissible when the connection between unconstitutional police conduct and the evidence is remote or has been interrupted by some intervening circumstance, so that "the interest protected by the constitutional guarantee that has been violated would not be served by suppression of the evidence obtained."
Utah v. Strieff, 136 S.Ct. 2056, 2061 (2016) (emphasis added).
Traffic stops made with a show of authority are "seizures" under the Fourth Amendment that ordinarily must be supported by a reasonable suspicion of a crime or traffic violation. Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648, 654 (1979). The stop may be lawful even if the officer makes a reasonable mistake of fact or law. Heien v. North Carolina, 135 S.Ct. 530 (2014).
These stops may be lawful without a reasonable suspicion of a crime or traffic violation if made under the "emergency aid" doctrine, that is, the circumstances are so compelling that the warrantless search is objectively reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. See Brigham City, Utah v. Stuart, 547 U.S. 398, 399 (2006).
A traffic-violation stop or arrest is not rendered invalid by the fact that it was pretext for a search for evidence on another more serious charge. Arkansas v. Sullivan, 532 U.S. 769, 772 (2001).
A lawfully stopped car can be searched if the officer asks for and receives a voluntary consent to the search. The consent need not be knowing and intelligent, i.e., the subject need not be advised of a right to refuse consent or be told of the consequences of such consent. See United States v. Drayton, 536 U.S. 194, 206-07 (2002).
The duration of the stop may last no longer than is necessary to effectuate its purpose. Authority for a seizure "ends when tasks tied to the traffic infraction are—or reasonably should have been—completed." Rodriguez v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 1609, 1614 (2015). This would invalidate a consent obtained after the duration of a stop was unlawfully extended.
The scope of a consent search is limited to what a "typical reasonable person have understood by the exchange between the officer and the suspect." Florida v. Jimeno, 500 U.S. 248, 251 (1991) (closed container).
A police officer who has made a lawful traffic stop lawfully seizes the driver and all of the passengers for the duration of the stop. See Brendlin v. California, 551 U.S. 249, 255 (2007). During this period of time, the officer may discover evidence as part of plain view or smell observation from outside the vehicle, a records check, the sniffing of the outside of the vehicle by a trained narcotics detection dog, or during a patdown of the driver or passenger.
During the period of time required to make an inquiry into a vehicular violation, police with a reasonable suspicion that the driver or passenger is armed and dangerous may pat that person down (frisk) for weapons. Arizona v. Johnson, 555 U.S. 323, 327 (2009).
During the course of a legitimate traffic stop, police officers with no further suspicion of any illegal activity may nevertheless use a drug-detection dog to sniff the vehicle. Illinois v. Caballes, 543 U.S. 405 (2005). The police may not, however, extend the duration of a routine traffic stop beyond the time required to complete the normal administrative matters attendant to such a stop, not even for a de minimus period of time. Rodriguez v. United States, 135 S.Ct. 1609 (2015).
start ... lawful stop → probable cause?
start ... lawful stop ... probable cause → incident to arrest?
Search of a person incident to arrest. A person arrested for a crime may be searched incident to the arrest, even if there is no concern about the loss of evidence, or that the suspect may be armed. United States v. Robinson, 414 U.S. 218, 236 (1973).
Search of the vehicle incident to arrest. "Police may search a vehicle incident to a recent occupant's arrest only if the arrestee is within reaching distance of the passenger compartment at the time of the search or it is reasonable to believe the vehicle contains evidence of the offense of arrest." Arizona v. Gant, 556 U.S. 332, 350 (2009).
start ... probable cause → incident to arrest → closed container?
A search incident to an arrest is limited to "personal property ... immediately associated with the person of the arrestee." United States v. Chadwick, 433 U.S. 1, 15 (1977) (can't open locked footlocker). Cf. United States v. Robinson, 414 U.S. 218, 236 (1973) (officer permitted to open cigarette package); Riley v. California, 134 S.Ct. 2473, 2485 (2014) (Robinson does not apply to searches of data on cell phones).
"The police may search an automobile and the containers within it where they have probable cause to believe contraband or evidence is contained." California v. Acevedo, 500 U.S. 565, 580 (1991). This includes containers belonging to passengers. Wyoming v. Houghton, 526 U.S. 295 (1999). This automobile exception includes motor homes in a "place not regularly used for residential purposes—temporary or otherwise."
Police may seize a cell phone, but a search warrant or exigent circumstances is required before viewing the data. See Riley v. California, 134 S.Ct. 2473 (2014).
The police may, if they wish, impound the car and search it on police premises without a showing of exigent circumstances. Chambers v. Maroney, 399 U.S. 42, 52 n.10 (1970); Florida v. Meyers, 466 U.S. 380, 382 (1984).
It likely does not matter if the driver stops the car within the curtilage of the defendant's home if the police are in hot pursuit. See the discussion of Scher v. United States, 305 U.S. 251 (1938), in Collins v. Virginia, 584 U.S. ___ (2018).
start ... reasonable expectation of privacy?
The evidence was seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment. However, the evidence will only be suppressed if police infringe an interest of the defendant which the Fourth Amendment was designed to protect. This is referred to as a "reasonable expectation of privacy," or less accurately, "standing."
One who owns or lawfully possesses or controls property generally has a legitimate expectation of privacy by virtue of the right to exclude others. Byrd v. United States 138 S.Ct. 1518 (2018) (unauthorized driver of a rental car may contest search). However, car thieves do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in a stolen car. Id. at 1529.
Passengers are seized in traffic stops, and thus may contest the legality of the stop (and the fruits thereof). See Brendlin v. California, 551 U.S. 249, 258 (2007). If the stop is lawful, passengers may not contest a seizure of incriminating evidence taken from the vehicle unless they claim to own the vehicle or the evidence. Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 139-40 (1978).
The evidence is illegally seized, and a motion to suppress should be granted.
The search of the person was lawful.
The search of the vehicle was lawful.
Suppression of evidence is not available as a remedy.
The described search does not violate the Fourth Amendment.


Check out all of the names of the Hanford West High School alumni that attended high school in Hanford that are listed above. Registering will allow you to join the directory.	If you are a former student of Hanford West in Hanford, California, register now to add your name.


text:
No Queens
STORY: My first boyfriend, Jim Fragale, was turning 40 and I was 27. It was 1979. He'd moved to NYC from West Virginia in 1963 at 24. When we began dating, I couldn't believe he'd lived in NYC for such a long time. I remember saying to him "I hope I'm not still here after 16 years (As it turns out, I would last 44 years in NYC, though I had a 2-year break in Tokyo working for a bank).
One of Jim's early experiences upon arriving in Manhattan has forever stuck in my memory: he got into a cab one night and, new to the city, was unaware of the general aversion of Manhattan taxi drivers to take their riders to any of NYC's other four boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island—because they would be unlikely to pick up a fare for the long ride home.
As Jim slid into his seat and pulled the car door shut, the taxi driver quickly blurted out: "No Queens! No Queens!"
Jim disconsolately opened the taxi door, jumped out, and stormed off in indignation.
I imagine the taxi driver was as perplexed by Jim's reaction as Jim had been by the driver's statement since the car owner had merely wanted to be sure his rider didn't expect to be driven to that outer borough and was not manifesting any homophobia.
TAXI STORY
Qeens Borough


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CFL Paves Way As First Pro League With Sideline Instant Replay Video
Photo: SkyCoach
The Canadian Football League has teamed up with SkyCoach to become the first professional football league in the world to use sideline instant replay video during regular season games. The league had used SkyCoach during the preseason games and has now opted to continue for its complete regular season schedule.
Coaches and players are now able to view game video on the sideline and in the press box during games. The system consists of a camera and TV system that monitor games and practices. The TV connects to a tablet or smart phone so coaches can select what they want to have reviewed and control what is seen. Then it is viewed on a TV or directly on a tablet.
Sideline studies?#CFLGameDay #roadtrip pic.twitter.com/hSLmPZyyJd
— Toronto Argonauts (@TorontoArgos) July 8, 2016
SkyCoach provides sideline instant replay to many teams around the world, although the Canadian Football League is the first professional football organization to enable reviewing of game video on the sidelines during regular season play.
Link to Sports Illustrated article.
The NFL will only use replay video in exhibition games this year, while the NCAA has postponed the use of in-game video until the 2017 season.
The system enables coaches and players to review the last play immediately after it occurred, as well as filter for prior plays based on specific selections tagged by spotters.
Keith Simpson, CEO of SkyCoach:
"SkyCoach revolutionized high school football by providing in game video replay to coaches and players. We knew it was only a matter of time before professional sports organizations would implement similar technology. The CFL is paving a path to the future for professional sports organizations by adopting in game video review. We are very excited to work with such a forward thinking organization."
Glen Johnson, SVP Football at the CFL:
"We continuously evaluate new technologies and methods to improve our game. Our Competition Committee was convinced that being able to view game video via tablets on the sideline would improve the product on the field. The SkyCoach solution gave us the opportunity to prove them right in a very timely and cost effective way."
CFL Teams began using SkyCoach during exhibition games, as well as preseason practice beginning in June.
Ross Folan, Director of Video Operations and I.T. Coordinator for the Calgary Stampeders:
"The SkyCoach instant replay system has proved to be a real asset to both our players and coaches this season. We use SkyCoach on both the sideline and in the spotters' box to review video and make immediate adjustments during the game. The system has been deployed successfully at each CFL stadium meaning the coaches can count on having their SkyCoach video on the road as well as at home. The Calgary Stampeders are pleased not only with the product but also with the SkyCoach team's strong level of support that comes with it."
Sources: SkyCoach, Sports Illustrated


text:
Q: Change the Y-axis values from real numbers to integers in Chart.js I have a chart that I want to include in my website using Chart.js. In the Y-axis, it gives me real numbers instead of integers. How can I change the number to integers?
Here's a picture of what I have now:

And this is the code:
var lineChartData = {

    labels : ["2013/04/01","2013/03/31", "2013/03/30", "2013/03/29", "2013/03/28","2013/03/27", "2013/03/26"],

    datasets : [
        {
            fillColor : "rgba(151,187,205,0.5)",
            strokeColor : "rgba(151,187,205,1)",
            pointColor : "rgba(151,187,205,1)",
            pointStrokeColor : "#fff",
            data : ["0", "2","1", "0", "1","0","1"]
        }
    ]

}

var myLine = new Chart(document.getElementById("canvas").getContext("2d")).Bar(lineChartData);

A: Check the Chart.js documentation, in the Global configuration section:

// Boolean - Whether the scale should stick to integers, not floats even if drawing space is there
      scaleIntegersOnly: true,

A: If you like to start in a different number than zero, you have to take that into account:
var step  = 5;
var max   = 90
var start = 40;
new Chart(income).Bar(barData, {
    scaleOverride: true,
    scaleSteps: Math.ceil((max-start)/step),
    scaleStepWidth: step,
    scaleStartValue: start
});

A: I wasn't able to get the existing answers to work for me when using the new version 2 of Chart.js, so here's what I found to solve this problem in V2:
new Chart(ctx, {type: 'bar', data: barChartData,
  options:{
    scales: {
      yAxes: [{
        ticks: {
          stepSize: 1
        }
      }]
    }
  }
});

A: Try this, where max is the highest value of your data.
var steps = 3;
new Chart(ctx).Bar(plotData, {
    scaleOverride: true,
    scaleSteps: steps,
    scaleStepWidth: Math.ceil(max / steps),
    scaleStartValue: 0
});

A: I know this is an old question now, but in the current version (v2.9.3) you can just set the precision of the y-axis ticks to zero to get integers:
options: {
    scales: {
        yAxes: [{
            ticks: {
                precision: 0
            }
        }]
    }
}

A: I handled it this way in new version:
new Chart(ctx, {
  type: 'bar',
  data: chartData,
  options: {
    scales: {
      yAxes: [{
        ticks: {
          beginAtZero: true,
          callback: function(value) {if (value % 1 === 0) {return value;}}
        }
      }]
    }
  }
});

A: As Ben Bloodworth above mentioned, the easier way is adding in options (precision: 0).
Currently working fine in version 3.7.1
 options: {
            scales: {
                y: {
                    ticks: {
                        precision: 0
                    }
                }
            }
        }

A: Something to note,
There are different versions of Chart.js, and they have different options object. In versions 3 and above, the x and y axis is an object whereas, in versions less than 3, they are defined as an array.
Example,
For version 3 and above,
 options: {
        scales: {
            y: {
                ticks: {
                    precision: 0
                }
            }
        }
    }

For version 3 and below,
options: {
    scales: {
        yAxes: [{
            ticks: {
                precision: 0
            }
        }]
    }
}

Also, note that the y and x becomes yAxes and xAxex respectively.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Everything About Space
Space News, Exploration & Videos
Mars Science Laboratory/Curiosity
Spitzer Space Telescope
Dawn In Excellent Shape One Month After Ceres Arrival
Since its capture by the gravity of dwarf planet Ceres on March 6, NASA's Dawn spacecraft has performed flawlessly, continuing to thrust with its ion engine as planned. The thrust, combined with Ceres' gravity, is gradually guiding the spacecraft into a circular orbit around the dwarf planet. All of the spacecraft's systems and instruments are in excellent health.
Dawn has been following its planned trajectory on the dark side of Ceres — the side facing away from the sun — since early March. After it entered orbit, the spacecraft's momentum carried it to a higher altitude, reaching a maximum of 46,800 miles (75,400 kilometers) on March 18. Today, Dawn is about 26,000 miles (42,000 kilometers) above Ceres, descending toward the first planned science orbit, which will be 8,400 miles (13,500 kilometers) above the surface.
Artist's concept of Dawn above Ceres around the time it was captured into orbit by the dwarf planet in early March. Since its arrival, the spacecraft turned around to point the blue glow of its ion engine in the opposite direction.
The next optical navigation images of Ceres will be taken on April 10 and April 14, and are expected to be available online after initial analysis by the science team. In the first of these, the dwarf planet will appear as a thin crescent, much like the images taken on March 1, but with about 1.5 times higher resolution. The April 14 images will reveal a slightly larger crescent in even greater detail. Once Dawn settles into the first science orbit on April 23, the spacecraft will begin the intensive prime science campaign.
By early May, images will improve our view of the entire surface, including the mysterious bright spots that have captured the imaginations of scientists and space enthusiasts alike. What these reflections of sunlight represent is still unknown, but closer views should help determine their nature. The regions containing the bright spots will likely not be in view for the April 10 images; it is not yet certain whether they will be in view for the April 14 set.
On May 9, Dawn will complete its first Ceres science phase and begin to spiral down to a lower orbit to observe Ceres from a closer vantage point.
Dawn previously explored the giant asteroid Vesta for 14 months, from 2011 to 2012, capturing detailed images and data about that body.
Dawn's mission is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Dawn is a project of the directorate's Discovery Program, managed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. UCLA is responsible for overall Dawn mission science. Orbital ATK Inc., in Dulles, Virginia, designed and built the spacecraft.
The German Aerospace Center, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Italian Space Agency and Italian National Astrophysical Institute are international partners on the mission team. For a complete list of mission participants, visit: http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission
Source: www.nasa.gov
Tagged ceresdawn
Hubble Finds Phantom Objects Near Dead Quasars
The Solar System and Beyond is Awash in Water
NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly his Russian counterpart Mikhail Kornienko Returns Safely to Earth after One-Year Mission
NASA's New Horizons Discovers Frozen Plains in the Heart of Pluto's 'Heart'
NASA's New Horizons Team Finds Haze, Flowing Ice on Pluto
The moon, Mars and beyond… the space race in 2020 www.everythingaboutspace.co.uk… #Space
International Space Station astronauts play with fire for research www.everythingaboutspace.co.uk… #Space
RT @NASASun: On Dec. 26, an annular #SolarEclipse will be visible in parts of Asia! During an annular eclipse, the Moon is too f… https://t.co/c75A7u3Ac0
RT @NASAJuno: I'm nearing closest approach. Speed relative to Jupiter: 129,000 mph (207,000 kilometers per hour)! Distance from t… https://t.co/nuNt9plj8O
RT @NASASun: Today, #ParkerSolarProbe completed its second flyby of Venus! These Venus gravity assists allow the spacecraft to d… https://t.co/QgV5d6Uzbl
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text:
Zephoria's writing
Reading a piece by Zephoria after long. Brilliant, illuminating piece this time. These lines… outstanding!
Many people have a moment where they wake up and feel like the world doesn't really work like they once thought or like they were once told. That moment of cognitive reckoning is overwhelming. It can be triggered by any number of things — a breakup, a death, depression, a humiliating experience. Everything comes undone, and you feel like you're in the middle of a tornado, unable to find the ground. This is the basis of countless literary classics, the crux of humanity. But it's also a pivotal feature in how a society comes together to function.
She dives into the personal and emerges at the public shores. How many can do that? Raymond Williams? C Wright Mills? The old man here, Jayram? Can count just a few. Some texts energize, like no other piece of work.


Poinsettias are often displayed at Christmas. Here's some in First Baptist of Donalsonville. The event taking place is the recent Seminole County Concert Band Christmas Concert.
More than 70,000 poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima) are sold each year making this the most popular flowering plant in the United States.
The poinsettia is a native of Mexico. It was named for Joel Roberts Poinsett, U.S. ambassador to Mexico, who introduced it to the states in 1828.
With care, you can brighten your home with the colorful bracts (the true flowers are tiny and yellow) through the holiday season.
Remember, this is a greenhouse grown plant and it is very sensitive to temperature changes. Cover with plastic, newspaper or a bag. Keep it in the car with you and the heater -not in the trunk.
Bright, indirect light. Cool conditions with medium to high humidity. Keep away from doors and drafts where they may get gusts of cold air. Keep away from windows that can cause temperature changes and chills. Keep away from heating vents and fireplaces. Check daily and water whenever the soil is dry. Do not let the plant wilt, but do not water if the soil is wet. Water with room-temperature water. Water thoroughly until the water drains out, and then empty the catch tray. Do not allow the pot to sit in standing water. For foil-wrapped pots, make a hole in the bottom of the foil to allow water to drain into a catch tray.
It is probably easier to discard your poinsettias when the bloom fades than to attempt to keep your plant for next year. However, many folks will want the challenge so here are some helpful hints.
Follow the directions above until all danger of frost is past. Cut the stems to within 4 to 6 inches of the soil. Move the plant to a container that is 2 to 4 inches larger than the original pot. Move your plant outdoors to a bright,partially-shaded area or area that gets morning sun and afternoon shade. The location should be protected from drying winds and high reflected light. Sink the pot to the rim. Water often but reasonably. Avoid extremes of wet or dry. Fertilize with a complete houseplant fertilizer (20-20-20) according to directions. Shape as desired by pruning and/or pinching. Pinching encourages more blooms. Do not shape after Sept. 1. Turn the pot regularly to prevent rooting and ensure even growth. A quarter turn each week is desirable, but the plant will do fine with less. When night temperatures begin to fall below 60 degrees, bring your plant inside. Continue to water and fertilize.
Beginning October 1, give the poinsettia 14 hours of complete continuous darkness daily. This can be done by placing the plant in a closet or covering it with a cardboard box. Any light will delay or prevent flowering. Give your plant bright light for the remaining 10 hours. When your poinsettia is in full bloom, you can discontinue the forced darkness and proceed with the maintenance instructions above.
Good luck and I hope you enjoy your beautiful poinsettia and have a Merry Christmas.
Please call 229-524-2326 to let us know if you will attend so we can prepare for the meal.
The answer to last week's question is Moss. Mosses are branched, threadlike green plants that form a tangled, thick mat over the soil. They are spread by wind-blown spores and can form crusts on the soil surface that reduce air and water movement into the soil.
Factors that favor moss and algae development include wet, humid conditions and compacted soils with thin turf. Moss is more common in shady areas with infertile, acidic soils and excessive thatch; algae is more common in full sun conditions and fertile soils.
Here's a link to a UGA Extension Publication concerning moss control in Turfgrass.
This week I want to ask about these symptoms on small trees. A farmer showed me this this week next to an old corn field.
The peanut is actually not a nut at all. It's a legume. Perhaps that's why boiling peanuts (in the shell, in salt water), a cooking method typical of other beans, is such a popular thing to do with peanuts in the South. Americans eat over 1 million pounds of roasted peanuts every day.
About 50 percent of peanuts grown are used to make peanut butter.
One acre of peanuts will make 30,000 peanut butter sandwiches, while Americans eat enough peanut butter (2.4 million pounds) in a year to make more than 10 billion peanut butter and jelly sandwiches.
Peanut butter is convenient, affordable (about 12 cents per serving) and nutritious. Peanuts and peanut butter are high in protein and fiber and contain 13 essential vitamins and minerals. And they're naturally cholesterol-free and low in saturated fat.
Approximately one-half of one percent of the American population has an allergy to peanuts. The number of cases has increased significantly over the past couple of years. Researchers are working on new ways to lessen the severity of peanut allergies.
Peanut butter is often thought of as children's food, but adults actually eat more of it than children. It is found in 89 percent of American homes. While November is peanut butter lovers' month, March is national peanut month.
Combine peanuts, sugar, syrup, and salt in a 1 ½ quart microwave safe container. Cook 8 minutes on high, stirring well after4 minutes. Stir in butter and vanilla. Microwave 2 minutes* longer on high. Add baking soda and quickly stir until light and foamy. Immediately pour onto lightly greased baking sheet; spread to ¼ – inch thickness. When cool break into pieces. Store in airtight container.
• Cooking time may vary with ovens.
In a large mixer bowl combine cream cheese and confectioners' sugar; mix well. Add peanut butter and mix. Slowly add milk and mix well. Fold in whipped topping. Pour into pie shell and cover. Freeze for at least 30 minutes. Drizzle each serving with chocolate syrup.
Seminole County 4H'er Payton Bishop recently competed in the "Milk Make" contest with his milkshake. He calls it "Payton's Peanut Butter Shake". Here's his "not so secret anymore" recipe.
Combine 1 and a half cups of vanilla Ice cream and 12 miniature peanut butter cups and a quarter cup 2% Milk, and 2 tablespoons of creamy peanut butter in a blender. Cover and process for 1 to 2 minutes or until well blended. Pour into chilled glasses.
at www.ugatiftonconference.org or call 229.386.3416. Your early registration will help us plan the sponsored breakfast, breaks and lunch.
Annual meeting questions may be directed to: Richey Seaton (gactn@windstream.net) or Karen Nikitopoulos (cotton@windstream.net) at the Georgia Cotton Commission office (phone) 478.988.4235.
The photo on the Chattahooochee River is at the 31st Parallel and it's on the west side of the river. So, since the river is all in Georgia then at that point 3 states come together. It's the beginning point of the Tri-States area. Also the 31st parallel was the bottom of the United States in Alabama when the Spain owned areas south of there. In Georgia the boundary came on down to the confluence of the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers, now under Lake Seminole. In Alabama there were mounds built every mile to mark the boundary.
This week's question is about this photo. What is this that was brought in for me to identify?
The weather outlook is for slightly less rain than normal and higher temperatures for the next 3 months. Here's a photo of irrigation running today on some small grains for cattle grazing.
Here's some info from the National Weather Service.
La Niña is expected to continue through the Northern Hemisphere winter 2011-12.
During December 2011 – February 2012, there is an increased chance of above-average temperatures across the south-central and southeastern U.S. below-average temperatures over the western and north-central U.S. Also, above-average precipitation is favored across the northern tier of states, excluding New England, and drier-than-average conditions are more likely across the southern tier of the U.S.
In Georgia, agriculture and tourism are our state's top two economic generators. The Georgia Agritourism Association (GAA)is the official voice of this exciting combination.
Owners and operators from the state's newest, oldest and most successful agritourism destinations will gather for an extraordinary 2012 Georgia Agritourism Conference January 5-6 in Savannah. The professional development experience and presentations by an array of speakers, business-to-business prospects, networking opportunities, trade show access and interaction with industry thought leaders will be phenomenal! Go to: www.georgia-agritourism.org/conference for details.
What is the right way to say 'pecan'?
Lots of pecans have been picked up already but there are a few more out there. Here's a photo I took this morning of some hanging in there. Prices have been very good this year.
Pecans are known to be the healthiest of all tree nuts, packing more antioxidants than any other. What isn't so certain is how the heck do you correctly pronounce it? Is it "pee-can" or "pu-cahn"?
"I run into both" ways of saying it, said Lenny Wells, pecan specialist with the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension, who is writing a book on the history of North America's only commercially grown native nut.
In this episode of "In the Field," Wells and Brad Haire, news director with UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, try to figure it out … kinda, sorta.
Watch What is the right way to say 'pecan'?.
Last week I had a photo of a cotton module in a field that was burning. If there's a spark during the cotton picking process we can see this partly due to the air used in moving cotton through the picker. Also, this can be a result of packing cotton that's wet.
This week we went on an Office retreat/Christmas celebration on the Chattahoochee River and we went by this sign on the bank that marked the 31st parallel. What is the significance of it?