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Regulations governing employment in Colombia
the Substantive Labour Code
the Social Security Regime
There are several important points pertaining to employment that must be taken into consideration by foreign investors and business owners who wish to set up their business operations in Colombia.
Regardless of the nationality of the parties to an employment contract, all employment contracts are governed by Columbian law.
Both national and foreign employees are legally bound to join and contribute to the Integral Social Security System
Columbian law stipulates payments that must be considered as part of the base salary (such as commissions and bonuses) regardless of the willingness of parties to an employment agreement.
Employee Entitlements
Working on Sundays ?
If an employee works on Sundays, the employee must be paid at a surcharge of 75% of the hourly rate. If the employee works regularly on Sundays, the employee must receive one additional paid rest day per week.
Employee Protection and Anti-discrimination Rights ?
Law 1010 of January 23, 2006 defines, prevents and punishes all forms of labour harassments.
Time Off Work ?
Fifteen days of paid vacation per annum. Employee must enjoy 6 vacation days for each year of service. The remaining days maybe accumulated upto 2 years.
Twelve weeks of maternity leave , which may begin 2 weeks before the date of the expected child birth.
The husband or the permanent partner will get 4 days of paid paternity leave, when only the father/partner contributes to the Social Security System and 8 days when both the father and the mother contributes to the Social Security System.
In both cases, the father or the partner should have contributed 100 continuous weeks to the Social Security System.
Bereavement leave
Up to 5 working days.
Medical Leave ?
Resignation / End of Service Payment ?
Parties to an employment contract can terminate such contract by giving written notice.
Severance / Redundancy Pay ?
Severance pay shall be one month salary for each year of service or proportionately thereof, which has to be deposited in the severance fund on February 14 of the following year or paid directly to the employee at the termination of the contract ((Article 249, Labor Code modified by Article 21 of Law 1429 of 2010).
Termination of Employment ?
Parties to an employment contract can terminate such contract by giving written notice. Under a fixed term contract, the employer must provide the employee 30 days of notice.
Mass terminations require explicit authorization in writing by the Ministry of Labour.
Outsourcing Employment Through a GEO Employer of Record Service
Using Shield GEO Employer of Record Services in Colombia
Compliance with local employment requirements is just one of the issues foreign companies face when employing staff in Colombia. For companies which intend to employ their staff directly through their incorporated Hungarian entity, professional legal advice is recommended. Shield GEO provides an alternative path for companies to outsource the employment of their staff in Colombia.
As a Global Employer Organization (GEO), Shield GEO acts as the Employer of Record and ensures the employment is compliant with host country regulations regarding employment. In addition Shield GEO will handle payroll processing, tax and immigration. Using Shield GEO is the fastest and most cost effective way to deploy local and foreign workers into Colombia.
The Shield GEO solution is an attractive alternative where
the company is looking to employ staff quickly
the company doesn't have an appropriately incorporated entity in Colombia
the company wants to work within a defined budget
the company wants to limit its initial commitment in Colombia
the company needs help with tax, employment, immigration and payroll compliance in Colombia
Management Fee for Employer of Record Services / Monthly Payroll Costs
Please contact us for a quote
Shield GEO pays the employee on a monthly basis, typically on the last working day of the month although we can adapt to your preferred schedule. Income tax and social security (where applicable) are deducted at source and paid to the local tax authorities.
Currency ? Colombian Peso (COP)
Grossed income Tax Rate (%)
UVT 0-1090 0%
UVT 1090 - 1700 19%
UVT 4100 - above 33%
*UVT-(Unidad de Valor Tributario or UVT). Value of each UVT is equal to 29,753 Pesos in fiscal year 2016
Tax Returns Supplied
Employers Social Security and statutory contributions
Employers are required to make the following contributions as a % of the employee's salary.
• General pension system 12%
• General health social security system 8.5%
• General labour risks system: between 0.348%-8.7%
*The ceiling for calculating contributions that have to be paid by is minimum 25 minimum legal wages.
Employees Social Security and statutory contributions
Employees must contribute the following social security contributions as a % of their salary.
• General pension system 4%
• General health social security system 4%
Payroll and Tax in Colombia
There are specific rules in Colombia depending on whether your company employs residents or non-residents. The key concerns for a company that needs to comply with tax laws in Colombia are net taxable income, social security contribution, value added tax (VAT), corporate income tax, specific business tax (SBT), value added tax (VAT), and property tax. Moreover, international treaties to avoid double taxation, international social security agreements, free trade agreements and special tax regimes for specific industries or sectors can make an indirect impact on a company's tax environment.
Remote Payroll ?
A remote payroll in Colombia is where a foreign company, i.e. a non-resident company, payrolls a resident employee in Colombia.
Thus a non-resident company is permitted to process payroll for Colombia residents who are on its payroll. Another option for a non-resident company to payroll its employees in Colombia would be to use a fully outsourced service like a GEO or PEO which will employ and payroll the staff on their behalf.
Local Payroll Administration ?
In some cases, a company will register their business in Colombia under one of the forms available but prefer to have another company administer its payroll. This can be accomplished through a payroll provider. It is important to note that the company, as the Employer of Record, is still fully responsible for compliance with employment, immigration, tax and payroll regulations. But the payroll calculations, payments and filings can all be outsourced to the payroll provider.
Internal Payroll ?
Larger companies with a commitment to Colombia may wish to run their own local payroll for all employees, foreign and local. In order to accomplish this, they will have to complete incorporation, register the business and then hire the necessary staff. There will be a need for in country human resources personnel who have the background needed to manage a Thai payroll, and can fulfill all tax, withholding, and payroll requirements.
This approach carries significant cost and requires some knowledge of local employment and payroll regulations. The company will need a local accounting firm and potentially legal counsel to ensure full compliance with Thai employment laws.
Fully Outsourced Payroll & Employment ?
Companies can outsource the employment and payroll of their staff in Colombia to a GEO, like Shield GEO. This is possible for both foreign workers and Colombia nationals. This is the easiest, fastest and safest way to payroll staff in Colombia.
Shield GEO manages all aspects of payroll for workers in Colombia, including taxes, withholding, social security payments and other statutory requirements. Shield GEO becomes the Employer of Record and employs the staff on behalf of the client.
Staff are paid monthly with tax and social security deducted at source and paid to local authorities. Shield GEO will invoice the client monthly in advance of the payroll date. The invoice consists of the Total Cost of Employment (Base salary + Employers Statutory Contributions + Additional statutory contributions) and a Management Fee. Shield GEO provides the employees with payslips.
Read more about outsourced payroll and employment through Shield GEO.
Setting up payroll in Colombia
Employee Information Required ?
Personal information (name, date of birth, postal address, place of relevant details)
Bank statements proving sufficient funds are available for the stay
Proof of health insurance coverage
Tax Registration Requirements ?
Individual taxation depends on:
*Source of income
*Nationality
*Whether or not the employee is a Colombian resident
As per Law 1607 of 2012, the residence is the physical permanence in Colombia continuously or discontinuous sly for more than 183 days for a period of 365 consecutive days.
Natural persons (local or foreign), domestic residents are subject to income tax in respect of their local source of income, and capital gains on both national and foreign source. Foreigners residing in Colombia are subject to income tax in respect of their local source of income and the foreign source of income from the first day of their continuous or discontinuous residency in Colombia. The filing date for individual income tax return is based on the last 2 digits of the individual's tax identification number (NIT).
Tax resident employees must pay tax on their worldwide income based at progressive rates. The Colombian tax system is expressed in terms of (unidad de valor tributario) (UVT). A new alternative individual income tax system has been introduced, IMAN and IMAS.
IMAN – Individuals with income less than UVT 1,548 are exempt from IMAN. If the individual annual taxable income is more than UVT 13,643 the tax rate is 27%. Tax return will be closed to any tax audit 2 years after it has been filed.
IMAS – For resident employees earning less than UVT 2,800 and a net worth below UVT 12,000, IMAS provides an optional method of calculating income tax. It calculates tax on a flat rate based on alternative sources of taxable income. It starts with UVT1.08(flat rate) when the tax payer receives an alternative taxable income of UVT1,548. Tax return will be closed to any tax audit 6 amonths after it has been filed.
Non residents are only subject to their Colombian source of income. The tax rates are the same as for residents. Non residents are subject to a flat income tax rate of 33%.
Social Security Registration ?
Register the employer and employee we itself with the Colpensiones or a private fund. The company must affiliate itself with the pension system and must submit a form that indicates employee affiliation to the pension system.
Article 3 of Decree 2390 of 2010 created a unified form to self-assess and pay social security and payroll contribution. The unified form can be submitted electronically but not in person to the Governmental Learning Service (Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, or SENA), the Colombian Family Institute (Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, or ICBF) and the Family Compensation Fund (Caja de Compensación Familiar).
Documentation Required for New Employees ?
Social Security registration with Colpensiones or a private fund
Registration for public health coverage
Registration with a severance fund
Workers insurance (professional risk)
Income Tax (Personal Allowance) ? Ordinary income tax regime upto UVT 1090 is tax exempt
Frequency of Salary Payment ?
For casual employees weekly
Invoice / Payslips required ?
A payslip is required
Minimum Wage ?
689,455 Pesos per month
Immigration and Work Permits in Colombia
Colombia has a relatively open view to foreign employees and investors. Foreign employees have the same rights and obligations as Colombian employees. The migration policy promotes the entry of foreign employees with technical, professional and intellectual qualifications and experience who can contribute towards the development of economic, scientific, cultural or educational activities that can benefit Colombia. Likewise, the Colombian migration policy promotes the entry of foreign investors who can contribute capital in the incorporation of new companies that may generate new employment and increase exports.
Government entities responsible for immigration affairs are;
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Consulates Abroad
Special Administrative Unit Migration Colombia
Professional Councils
Use your own ompany?
For a foreign company to sponsor employees in Colombia it must either set up a subsidiary or a branch in Colombia.
There are several steps involved in hiring foreign employees.
1. Obtain employment visa from the Colombian Consulate.
2. Receive approval from Ministry of Social Protection which certifies the compliance of the ratio between national and foreign employees, which is a requirement to obtain work visas in Colombia.
3. Obtain temporary permits and foreign ids from the Administrative Department of Security (DAS)
Any foreign national who obtains a work visa must appear before the DAS to register themselves on the immigration files and to obtain a foreign identity card (cédula de extranjería). When immigration authorities renew the work visa the foreigner must appear before the DAS 15 days from the date of entry or visa issuance to register and obtain the foreign identification card.
The following requirements must be satisfied.
Copy of the passport with personal details
Copy of the passport page where the last stamp of entry or departure of Colombia
If the applicant had a Colombian visa but it was issued without the OCR (lecture code), a copy of the last Colombian visa
If the visa process is handled by a third party, an official power of attorney
For individuals;
Attach the documents prescribed above
Download, fill and sign the contract summary
Incase of a corporate body the declaration of assets, certificate of existence, and legal representation (attach pages that contain identity, social object, legal representatives, capital or stock composition and functions of the legal representative) and summary page or the bank statement of each of the last 6 months that represent an average balance of more than 100 current legal minimum monthly salaries
Incase of an individual, attach the first page or the summary page of each bank statement of the last 6 months that represent an average account balance of more than 10 current legal monthly salaries and a copy of the Colombian ID
Attach the documents mentioned in the first 4 bullet points
Fill out the online application through the following link:Formulario Visas or personally at the issuing office. In the event of artistic, sports and/or cultural groups, it may be filled out by the representative specifying the data of each of the members of the group.
A valid passport with an expiration date of more than 180 days and 2 blank pages
Produce the passport to the Colombian Consulate where the application was finished. If the applicant personally visits the visa office photographs can be taken on site.
If payments are made in Colombia, such payments must be made on the same day the receipt is generated. Failure to do so results in the need to request a new receipt (maximum 2 days after the initial request). Payments can be made either
at the Sudameris bank office located inside the visa office in Colombian Pesos or
via PSE or
Via Servibanca ATMs
Other documents required: Recent photograph 3X3 centimetres in colour on a white background
Please contact us for a quote.
If payments are made abroad such payments must be made on the same day the receipt is generated. Failure to do so results in the need to request a new receipt (maximum 2 days after the initial request). Payments can be made either
via methods approved by the local consulate
Cost varies for European, Cuban, and other nationals. Please contact us for a quote.
Visas can be applied online as well
Use the Shieldgeo solution?
Once you get in touch with us, one of our consultants will take all the work off your hands, coordinate with our local partners to get all the required permits organised, provide the processing time, costs, document-checklist and keep you informed through the process.
Need help employing staff in Colombia? Get in touch!
Types of visas in Colombia
Description of Visa
Business visas are divided into 4 categories.
• NE 1
This type of business visa is granted to foreigners who intend to enter Colombia to conduct trade and business, promote economic exchange, make investments and create business opportunities.
NE 1 is granted for a maximum of 3 years with multiple entries allowing a maximum of 180 days of stay for each entry into Colombia. Foreigners who have obtained this visa cannot be domiciled in Colombia and cannot engage in business activities that results in payment of wages.
• Copy of the first page of the applicant's current passport where the personal data is displayed.
• Copy of the page of the applicant's passport where the last stamp of entry or departure of Colombia is located.
• If the applicant had a Colombian visa but it was issued without the OCR (lecture code), please attach a copy of the last Colombian visa. In case if the visa includes the OCR, this requisite is not necessary.
• If the visa process will be finished by a third person, an official power of attorney must be presented.
• Official communication of the legal representative of the company as a public, private or mixed entity, legally established in Colombia that sponsors your visit
• Official communication of the legal representative of the commercial, industrial or service company legally established in Colombia that sponsors your visit.
• Invitation/presentation letter regarding the applicant for a Business Visa written by a Chamber of Commerce or official commercial or foreign investment promotion office from your country of origin/residence.
• Fill out the online application through the following link: Formulario Visas or personally at the issuing office. In the event of artistic, sports and/or cultural groups, it may be filled out by the representative specifying the data of each of the members of the group.
This visa is granted to foreigners who enter Colombia as a business person in terms of Free trade agreements, International Partnerships, and under Pacific Alliance Agreements. This visa will be granted for 4 years with multiple entries with a maximum of 2 years of stay during each visit. These visa holders are able can be domiciled in Colombia and can engage in business activities that results in the payment of wages.
This visa is granted to foreigners who intend to enter into Colombia as a foreigner or senior executive of a multi-national company with the intention of investing and generating business. NE 4 visa is granted for a maximum of 5 years with multiple entries and a 180 day stay allowed in each visit per year. The foreigner cannot establish domicile in Colombia and will not be able to pay wages based on business activities.
• Official communication from the legal representative of the multinational company where it clearly states that the applicant is the President or a High Official.
TP 4 (Temporary work visa 4)
This visa is granted to foreigners who enter the country under an employment relationship or independent contract to provide services to an individual or a corporation domiciled in Colombia. The visa will be valid for the duration of the work performed and would be valid for a maximum of 3 years. TP 4 visa will be cancelled if the foreigner leaves Colombia for more than 180 consecutive days.
TP 7 is granted to the foreigner that intends to enter the country as a pensioner or an investor, partner or owner of a corporation, a property owner, to exercise independent activities or occupations not established in this decree. This visa is valid for one year with multiple entries.
• Copy of the first page of the current passport where the personal data is displayed.
• Copy of the page of the passport where the last stamp of entry or departure of Colombia is located.
• If the applicant had a Colombian visa but it was issued without the OCR (lecture code), please attach a copy of the last Colombian visa. In case the applicant had a visa that counts with the OCR, this requisite is not necessary.
• Attach the documents described in the first four bullets and certificate issued by competent authority, government, public or private company, foreign or colombian entity or diplomatic or consular mission from the country that the foreign national received the retirement funds accredited in Colombia which shows that the applicant receives a monthly stipend of no less than 3 current legal minimum monthly salaries, or
• Attach the documents described in the first 4 bullets and certificate where the rent is clearly stated issued by public entity, banks, financial corporations, social security institutions, insurance companies or any other private company, recognized by the respective government that pays or wires the rent; or the original of the contract that permits the proof of the rent. In both cases, the amount cannot be less than the equivalent to 15 current legal minimum monthly salaries, or
• Attach the documents described in the first 4 bullets and certificate of legal representation issued by a colombian Chamber of Commerce within the 3 months prior to the application of the visa, in which it states that the foreign national is a partner or owner of a company legally constituted and registered with a capital or assets registered and paid by the foreigner with a worth no less than 100 current legal minimum monthly salaries (attach the pages that show: legal identity, social object, legal representatives, capital or stock composition, functions of the legal representative), for an anonymous society a certificate of stock composition must be signed by the fiscal revisor, precising the worth of the stocks owned by the foreign national, which cannot be less than 100 current legal minimum monthly salaries, or
• Communication issued by the Departament of International Exchange of the Bank of the Republic in which the Foreign Direct Investment is registered in order for the foreigner to buy a property in his name, for an amount of more than 350 current legal minimum monthly salaries and the Certificate of Tradition and Liberty issued by the respective Office of Public Instruments, with an issue date of no more than a month in which the property ownership by the foreigner is shown. The value of the property cannot be less than the one stated in this paragraph, or
• Letter issued by the applicant indicating the activities he/she will develop in Colombia, accompanied by the Curriculum Vitae in which the work experience in the field is proven and with at least 2 certifications of work background as well as a bank statement of the last 6 months where the average balance is more than 15 current legal minimum monthly salaries.
• In the event the applicant is a beneficiary of an entrepreneurship program or activity sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism a certificate issued by the Ministry should be presented. The said certificate must clearly state that the foreign national is a beneficiary of an entrepreneurship program or activity, public or private, recognized by the entity.
• Fill out the online application through the following link: Formulario Visas or personally at the issuing office.
TP 7 will be cancelled if the foreigner leaves Colombia for more than 180 consecutive days.
TP 12 (Temporary work visa 12)
This visa is granted to the foreigner that intends to enter Colombia to assist or participate with or without an employment contract in academic, scientific, artistic, cultural and sports events; to conduct interviews with public or private entities , business training, or business contracts.
TP 12 is granted for a period of 90 days.
• Copy of the first page of the current passport where personal data is displayed.
• If you've had a Colombian visa but it was issued without the OCR (lecture code), please attach a copy of your last Colombian visa. In case you've had a visa that counts with the OCR, this requisite is not necessary.
• Copy or electronic information of the departure tickets
• Attach the documents described in the first five bullets and letter of invitation from the person or institution that invited you and will be responsible of your stay and departure from Colombia and where the activity you seek to carry out is clearly described. In the event that the person who invites is an individual the bank statements where it shows that the account balance for the past 3 months has exceed 5 current minimum legal salaries, or
• Attach the documents described in the first five bullets and certificate from the institution, public or private, that carries out personnel selection, business coaching or journalist activities, that states that the applicant is currently in a selection process, is a part of the coaching program or that he/she will carry out a journalist activity.
This visa will be granted to foreigners who intend to enter Colombia to provide specialized technical assistance with or without an employment contract to public or private companies. This visa is valid for a period of 180 days eligible for multiple entries. This visa will be cancelled if the foreigner is leaves Colombia for more than 180 consecutive days.
• If the applicant had a Colombian visa but it was issued without the OCR (lecture code), please attach a copy of your last Colombian visa. In case you've had a visa that counts with the OCR, this requisite is not necessary.
• Copy or electronic information of the departure tickets.
• Attach the documents described in the first five bullets and a) letter of responsibility from a private or public institution where it justifies the urgency of the required technical service and b) certificate of existence and legal representation (attach the pages that contain: identity, social object, legal representatives, capital or stock composition and function of the legal representative) of the institution, except when it corresponds to a public entity.
Read more on using Shield GEO for Global Immigration & Work Permits IN Colombia
Setting up a company in Colombia
When setting up a company you may want to consider these factors:
Business factors
Colombian Commercial law is flexible. To carry out business in Columbia foreign investors do not need a local partner or investor. The entire equity of a corporate entity can be foreign owned and there are no restrictions to subsequent repatriation, other than in a few cases.
There are numerous rules and regulations that govern Columbian business organizations.
Code of Commerce
Law 22 of 1995
Law 1014 of 2006
Regulatory Circular DCIN 83 issued by the Colombian central Bank
Decree 19 of 2012
External Circular 001 of 2007 of the Superintendency of Companies
Act 1429 of 2010, Law of first time employment (LIFE)
Colombian Central Bank
Foreign exchange control
Foreign currency that's to be allocated to a foreign branch in Colombia must be registered as a foreign investment before the Colombian Central bank. Form No. 4 Exchange Declaration for international investments must be filed. Additional foreign investments channeled from the main office (foreign direct investment) must be registered with the Colombian Central Bank.
If the branch is not obligated to submit financial statements before the Superintendency of Companies, it must update on a yearly basis to the Colombian Central Bank the foreign direct investment registration by filing Form No. 15 "Equity conciliation for companies and branches – general regime" by 30th of June on an annual basis.
There are several types of business forms available for foreign companies in Colombia. Each of these business forms has unique advantages and disadvantages, as well as differing scope of approved business activities, registration requirements and minimum capital requirements. Both foreigners as well as Columbian nationals can establish a business in Colombia. Moreover, there are no restrictions on a business organization registered in Colombia to be exclusively owned by foreign nationals. The only restriction that applies to foreign business owners is that if they do not have a residence in Colombia, an agent of service for process must be appointed in the due process.
When setting up a company in Colombia you have the following options. These legal vehicles are distinguished as follows.
Capital based entities
Entities in which the capital is prevailing element of the vehicle. Corporations (S.A) and Simplified Stock Corporations (S.A.S) belong to this category.
Person based entities
Personal qualities of the Partners are an essential element of the entity. Limited Liability companies belong to this category.
Branch of a Foreign Company
Branches do not constitute a new legal vehicle and acts as a part of a foreign main company.
There are 5 types of legal vehicles that can be established in Colombia.
SAS (Sociedad por Acciones Simplificada or a Simplified Joint Stock Company)
Corporations (Sociedad Anonima)
Limited Liability Company (sociedad de responsabilidad limitada)
Limited Partnership (Sociedad en Comandita)
This article provides a general guideline for foreign businesses that seek to enter Colombia for business purposes. In particular, it looks at common pathways to establish a business presence in Colombia. In addition, various economic, tax, and regulatory factors are provided throughout as a source of useful information to assist those who seek to establish a business presence in Colombia. The guide also looks at some immigration requirements such as obtaining appropriate visa status.
Incorporating in Colombia
Incorporation process
To incorporate a company in Columbia the following documents should be prepared.
Power of attorney that entitles your lawyers in Columbia to incorporate the legal vehicle (Newco)
If the foreign shareholders are companies, a written minute describing the decision of such company to incorporate a legal vehicle in Columbia is needed. If this document is not signed in Columbia and the language is different from Spanish it must be duly translated into Spanish. The following information regarding the Newco should be included.
Name of the corporate entity
Address in Columbia
List of activities that the Newco will perform
Assigned Equity
Number of shares among across which the equity will be divided
Determination whether a Board of Directors will be instituted
Copy of the passport of the legal representatives as well as the letters of acceptance for their positions
Goodwill standing certificate that proves the existence of the company that will act as the shareholder of the Newco as well as its Articles of Incorporation.
SEE STEPS INVOLVED
The afore mentioned documents will enable the local lawyers to finalise the Articles of Incorporation which can be raised to a public deed depending on the type of business entity.
Register with the Registry of Commerce to obtain a pre tax payer ID (pre RUT)
New companies are exempted from paying certain fees during the first year of operation as per Law 1429 of 2010 and decree 545 of 2011. Law 1258 of 2009 introduced SAS (Sociedad por Acciones Simplificada). A SAS can be incorporated through a private document (or by an Attorney) that is submitted to the Chamber of Commerce. A public deed is not required. However, if the procedure involves the transfer of property, it's mandatory to set up the company through a public deed (Notary public). Applicants can register these procedures on www.dian.gov.co
Costs involved include the following:
0.7% of capital registration tax
COP (Columbian Pesos) 34,000 fixed fee
COP 4,000 for the registration form
COP 4,000 for the certificate of existence and legal representative (required to open a bank account)
COP 5,500 per book (Libro de Actas de Asamblea and Libro de Registro de Accionistas)
COP 20,600 (COP 10,300 registration per book)
These procedures can take up to 3 days.
Open a bank account with a pre tax payer id (pre RUT) and deposit nominal capital
To open a bank account the owner must submit the following documents to the bank.
*Certificate of existence and legal representation
*TIN document
*Photocopy of the certificate of citizenship of the legal representative
A minimum deposit of COP 500,000 is required depending on the bank. A savings account maybe opened in minutes. However, it may take up to 3 days to open a checking account.
Obtain a final tax payer id number
Pre requisites to obtain a final id number (RUT) from the tax agency (DIAN)
*Pre tax ID (RUT)
*Bank account certificate
Register company with the Family Compensation Fund (Caja de Compensación Familiar), the Governmental Learning Service (Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, SENA) and the Colombian Family Institute (Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, ICBF)
A unified system to self assess and pay social security and payroll contribution was introduced under the Article 3 of Decree 2390 of 2010. This form can be submitted electronically but not in person. The term to pay contributions to the Family Compensation Fund expires within the first thirteen business days of each month based on the last number of the NIT (tax identification number). It takes upto 5 days to complete this process.
Register employees for health coverage (public)
Employees must be registered for health coverage by submitting a form that indicates the affiliation of its employees to the national health system (Plan Obligatorio de Salud, POS) be it through a public entity or a private promoter of health(EPS). This entire process should take upto 1 day.
Register employer and employees for pension with Colpensiones or one of the private funds
Affiliate the company with the pension system
Submit a form that indicates employee affiliation to the pension system
Each employee has the ability to choose between a private or public pension fund
Register the company with the Administrator of Professional risks (APR)
Company must submit a form a listing its affiliation and its employees to an administrator of labour risks (ALP), private or public (Instituto de Seguros Sociales, ISS)which covers workplace injury and professional illness. The employer chooses the ARP to which it affiliates all employees and then pays monthly contributions. Prior to affiliating employees, some administrators request that the employees attend a short course.
Register employees with a severance fund
The company must present a form that indicates employee affiliation to a severance fund. Consequently the company is obligated to complete the respective submission to the severance fund requested by the employee. The employer must deposit the employees' severance payment annually prior to February 15th. This process should take upto one day.
Newco's equity should be paid and a registration of the foreign investment must be performed before the Columbian Central bank in order to abide by the Columbian Foreign Exchange laws.
Trade registry fees
The Chamber of Commerce pays a registration fee that varies between USD 17 – 873 depending on the Newco's equity plus an approximate of 0.7% of the Newco's equity.
As per Act 1429 of 2010 Law of First Time Employment (LFE), companies incorporated prior to 31st December 2014 with less than 50 workers and equity lower than USD 1.7 million shall pay progressive fees for the Merchants Registry before the Chamber of Commerce and its renewals as follows.
A 100% discount on the total fee established for the Merchants Registry for the first year of activities
A 75% discount for the second year of activities
A 50% discount for the third year of activities
From 4th year onwards the company must pay full renewal fee
For the renewal of the merchant's Registry during the fourth year of activities the full fee must be paid
Types of business established in Columbia
There are 5 types of legal entities that can be established in Columbia. Such entities vary by:
Corporations (S.A. by its acronym in Spanish) and Simplified Stock Corporations (S.A.S. by its acronym in Spanish) belong to this type.
Limited liability companies belong to this type of corporate entities.
When a foreign company performs permanent activities in Columbia it's obliged to incorporate a branch which is a local representation of the foreign company.
Simplified Shares Corporation (SAS)
A SAS (Sociedad por Acciones Simplificada or a Simplified Joint Stock Company) can be incorporated with just one shareholder. A SAS gives rise to a new legal entity completely independent of its shareholders. The liability of shareholders of a SAS is limited to the amount of equity contributed. Different kinds of shares with dividends entitlements can be created, for instance shares with fixed dividends.
It's compulsory to have a financial auditor if;
Stipulated by the Articles of Incorporation or
When assets are higher than 5000 times the minimum legal wages or
Revenues are higher than 3000 times the minimum legal wages
SAS has a simple structure due to the following reasons
Does not need a Board of Directors unless otherwise expressed in its Articles of Incorporation
All the representative and management duties can be carried out by the legal representative appointed by the shareholder assembly
Shareholder assembly could directly implement decisions such as approving the financial statements, the dividend distributions, and all the corporate accounts.
SAS can be incorporated through a private document
*The deadline for the payment of shares subscribed cannot exceed 2 years.
Investment capital requirements: No minimum or maximum share capital
Management: Not required to have a Board of Directors. The only mandatory requirement is that it appoints a legal representative and a shareholders' assembly. No restriction on the nationality or residency of its managers
Registration fee: Must renew registration on an annual basis. Varies between USD17-873 per year
A corporation can be incorporated with a minimum of 5 shareholders. Each shareholder is liable for the amount of capital contribution represented by negotiable shares.
The capital stock of a corporation is divided into authorized share capital, subscribed share capital and paid up capital. Atleast 50% of its authorized share capital must be subscribed and 33% of its subscribed share capital must be paid up at the time of the company's incorporation. The outstanding amount must be paid within one year following the subscription.
Features of a Corporation
A corporation may issue shares or convertible bonds if it needs to be capitalized
Shares maybe sold at any time without restrictions. However, restrictions may apply if the Articles of Incorporation provides for a special procedure or provides pre-emptive rights in favour of existing shareholders. If the shares are registered in the stock market, then such shares can be freely traded.
Shareholders liability is limited to the capital they contribute
It's compulsory to have a statutory auditor.
The corporation will be dissolved when one shareholder owns 95% or more of the contributed shares.
Transfer of shares is unrestricted. However, in non public companies. However, in non public companies the by laws may provide a pre-emptive right in favour of the other shareholders and/or the corporation.
Investment capital requirements: No minimum capital required. Atleast 1/3 of the value of each stock must be paid at the time of incorporation.
Management: Board of Directors made up of atleast 3 principal members and 3 alternates who do not need to be shareholders, but must be appointed by the shareholders.
Registration fee: Varies between USD 17-873 per year
A Limited Liability Company must be incorporated with a minimum of 2 partners and maximum of 25 partners. The Partners are liable for their capital contributions. A Limited Liability Company does not issue shares but parts of the interest or quotas. However for tax and labour liabilities, partners are jointly and severally liable. At incorporation capital of the company must be fully paid.
This entity is governed by a Board of partners. Such partners have voting rights based on the capital quotas that they own. Capital of Limited liability companies can be allocated to other partners or other third parties after approval by the Board of partners. Amendments to capital quota assignment can only be carried out by an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation which must be legalized by a public deed and registered with the Chamber of Commerce. Shares of Limited Liability Companies cannot be traded in the stock market.
It's mandatory to have a statutory auditor if one of these conditions is satisfied;
The Articles of Incorporation require so
Assets are higher than 5,000 times the minimum legal wages
Revenues are higher than 3,000 times the minimum legal wages
The Limited Liability Company will be under the supervision of the Companies Superintendence;
If the supervision does not correspond to any other Superintendence
Assets or revenues are higher than 30,000 times the minimum legal wage.
Investment capital requirements: No restriction on capital concentration as long as there are 2 quota holders at all times. No minimum capital required. Capital must be paid at the time of incorporation.
Management: Not mandatory to have a Board of Directors. All decisions can be taken directly by the Partners and the General Manager when they have been granted such authority.
A limited partnership involves;
One or more managing partners who are jointly and severally liable for the entity's operations and
Silent partners who limit their liabilities to their respective capital contributions
The capital is contributed by silent partners and managing partners (holding unlimited liability). Limited Partnerships can be either simple limited partnerships and shares partnerships. A simple limited partnership's equity capital is divided into partnership quotas while shares of a partnership can be divided into shares.
Investment capital requirements: No minimum capital required.
Management: Atleast 2 partners are required, a general partner and a silent one.
Foreign companies with permanent activities in Columbia (offices or commercial establishments) must set up a branch office. From a legal point of view, a branch is not considered an independent legal entity.
The following documents must be registered at a notary's office at the location of its main office.
Articles of Incorporation of the head office
A minute issued by the head office governing body authorizing the incorporation new office in Columbia
Documents providing evidence of the company's head office and legal status of its representatives abroad
A new legal entity is not created when incorporating a branch. Any decisions that can impact operations in Columbia must be made by the foreign Headquarters. The appointment of a statutory auditor is compulsory.
Investment capital requirements: No minimum capital required. Capital must be paid at the time of incorporation.
Management: Carried out by the parent company
Registration fee: Varies between USD 17- 873
Whether to incorporate in Colombia, and what sort of entity to setup are just two of the many choices companies must make when expanding into a new market.
If the company intends to have staff in Colombia they must also decide whether they will administer that employment internally or use a Global Employment Organization to handle payroll and Employer of Record responsibilities. A GEO Employer of Record solution is an attractive alternative where
the company is looking to setup an office quickly
The complexity of employment regulations in Colombia makes the use of a GEO advisable coupled with local legal counsel to ensure full compliance with employment laws, for example the drafting of local contracts for workers.
Shield GEO provides a comprehensive service in Colombia allowing companies to deploy their staff quickly with reasonable, clearly stated costs and timeframes. The company contracts directly with Shield to employ and payroll their staff on their behalf in Colombia.
Shield GEO then becomes the Employer of Record. Shield GEO assumes the legal responsibility for these employees, sponsoring them on work permits, complying with local employment law and running their monthly payroll. Using Shield GEO is the fastest and most cost effective way to deploy local and foreign workers into Colombia. Read more about outsourced employment through Shield GEO.
Read more about using Shield GEO for global outsourcing in Colombia
How to Hire Employees in Colombia: A Complete Guide for Overseas Employers
With one of the fastest-growing economies in South America, Colombia is home to many skilled workers who may fit your company's need for remote talent. Although the educational system is
Colombia Employer of Record Overview


I think about all the fears I carry around in this world and come back to those words. None of them can abide if I would only trust and obey. However, if I indulge in the opposite, if I cling to my worries assuming I can control them myself, then they will indeed consume me. When I try my hardest to control, I am doing the opposite of trusting Him. And that's disobedient because He tells us to trust Him, with all our heart no less!
I've been praying lately to become more Kingdom minded, or as I heard it once, to "become attached to things eternal". Part of growing up, I think, it realizing how finite the world really is. When you come to accept this, there are only two choices: live in bitterness or live in Christ. I wake up every day and choose Christ. Even if I really made a mess of things yesterday, today His mercies are new. When He helps me become attached to the things He has given me, then I won't be so weighted down by the world. If I can make it a habit to trust and obey, then as our world passes away, my soul will remain rooted and alive in Him.
On another note, doesn't this girl have THE most beautiful voice? BIG FAN.


text:
'use strict';
/*global Handlebars, $, aboutModule, StyleModule, NoteModule, handlebarModule */
/*jshint unused:false*/

(function($, handlebarModule, noteModule, styleModule) {

    /* ==========================================================================
     Module initializing
     ========================================================================== */

    function initModules() {
        handlebarModule.initHandlebars();
        handlebarModule.loadTemplate("footer", "app-footer-template", aboutModule.about);
        noteModule.listController.display();
    }

    $(document).ready(function () {
        console.log("Start Main Module");
        initModules();
    });

})(jQuery, handlebarModule, NoteModule, StyleModule);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Using `and` with an assignment I expect the following to evaluate (a < b) as well as (b < c) and return no.
a = 1
b = 4
c = 3
@test = (a < b) and (b < c)
if @test
  puts "yes"
else
  puts "no"
end

I am not getting the behavior I expect. It returns yes and seems to evaluate only (a < b) and not (b < c). I think the issue is with and.

A: You are using and instead of &&, so actually, you are setting @test to the result of (a<b), not (a<b) and (b<c) (= has a higher precedence than and, while && has a higher precedence than =).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Zulip can be configured to send message notification emails for [PMs
and mentions](/help/pm-mention-alert-notifications), as well as
[stream messages](/help/stream-notifications).

You can [respond to Zulip messages directly][reply-from-email] by
replying to message notification emails, unless you are connecting to
a self-hosted Zulip server whose system administrator has not
configured the [incoming email gateway][incoming-email-gateway].

[incoming-email-gateway]: https://zulip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/production/email-gateway.html

### Delay before sending emails

To reduce the number of emails you receive, Zulip
delays sending message notification emails for a configurable period
of time (default: 2 minutes).  The delay
helps in a few ways:

* No email is sent if you return to Zulip and read the message before
  the email would go out.
* Edits made by the sender soon after sending a message will be
  reflected in the email.
* Multiple messages in the same Zulip conversation are combined into
  a single email. (Different conversations will always be
  in separate emails, so that you can
  [respond directly from your email][reply-from-email]).

[reply-from-email]: /help/using-zulip-via-email

To configure the delay for message notification emails:

{start_tabs}

{settings_tab|notifications}

1. Under **Email message notifications**, select the desired time period from the
   **Delay before sending message notification emails** dropdown.

{end_tabs}

### Include organization name in subject line

If you belong to multiple Zulip organizations, it can be helpful to have the
name of the organization in the subject line of your message notification emails.

{start_tabs}

{settings_tab|notifications}

1. Under **Email message notifications**, toggle
   **Include organization name in subject of message notification emails**.

{end_tabs}

### Hide message content

For security or compliance reasons, you may want to hide the content of your
Zulip messages from your email. Organization admins can do this at an
[organization-wide level](/help/hide-message-content-in-emails), but you can
also do this just for the messages you receive.

This setting also blocks message topics, stream names, and user names from
being sent through your email.

{start_tabs}

{settings_tab|notifications}

1. Under **Email message notifications**, toggle
   **Include message content in message notification emails**.

{end_tabs}

## New login emails

By default, Zulip sends an email whenever you log in to Zulip. These emails
help you protect your account; if you see a login email at a time or from a
device you don't recognize, you should
[change your password](/help/change-your-password) right away.

In typical usage, these emails are sent infrequently, since all Zulip apps
(web, mobile, desktop, and terminal) keep you logged in to any organization
you've interacted with in the last 1-2 weeks.

However, there are situations (usually due to corporate security policy) in
which you may have to log in every day, and where getting login emails can
feel excessive.

### Disable new login emails

{start_tabs}

{settings_tab|notifications}

1. Under **Other emails**, toggle
   **Send email notifications for new logins to my account**.

{end_tabs}

## Low-traffic newsletter

Zulip sends out a low-traffic newsletter (expect 2-4 emails a year)
announcing major changes in Zulip.

### Managing your newsletter subscription

{start_tabs}

{settings_tab|notifications}

1. Under **Other emails**, toggle
   **Send me Zulip's low-traffic newsletter (a few emails a year)**.

{end_tabs}

## Related articles

* [Using Zulip via email](/help/using-zulip-via-email)
* [Message a stream by email](/help/message-a-stream-by-email)
* [Stream notifications](/help/stream-notifications)
* [Hide message content in emails (for organizations)](/help/hide-message-content-in-emails)


Satisfied employees, an open culture and an excellent management development program: for the fifth time, Endress+Hauser Conducta has been recognized as one of Germany's best employers. 'Top Job' mentor Wolfgang Clement presented the award to the Gerlingen-based company at the German Small-to-Medium Enterprise Summit held on 27 June in Essen, Germany.
Compamedia has awarded the 'Top Job' seal of quality to small-to-medium enterprises in recognition of outstanding human resources programs since 2002. 103 companies participated in this year's competition. As part of the competition, the Institute for Leadership and Personnel Management at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, conducted a comprehensive employee survey that focused on job satisfaction, management quality and identification with the company and its products.
"We're very pleased about the 'Top Job' award. The certificate cements our position as an attractive employer," said Managing Director Dr Manfred Jagiella at the awards ceremony. "The award provides further motivation for our employees." Endress+Hauser Conducta scored especially high in the 'Employee Development & Perspective' and 'Culture & Communication' categories. The benchmarking results will nevertheless be used to instigate further improvements in individual areas.
"The analysis results are very insightful, particularly in relation to how we stack up against companies in our size class. We don't intend to rest on our laurels however. Our efforts at attracting the best talent will continue," added Manfred Jagiella.
Endress+Hauser Conducta is one of the world's leading providers of measuring instruments and complete systems for liquid analysis. Manfred Jagiella is well aware that the company's success is tied primarily to its employees, of which there are currently around 700 worldwide. "Our aim is to provide a comfortable working atmosphere for our people." One way is through 'Job Fit', a personal development program created to help employees successfully and enthusiastically perform their jobs.
Particular attention is paid to developing and sustaining management talent and the management culture. Openness and transparency, as well as professional and friendly interaction among employees, are hallmarks of the company's culture. Former German Minister of Economics Wolfgang Clement, mentor of the 'Top Job' competition, was on hand to present the award during the ceremonies.
Fifth time on the winners' podium: Manfred Jagiella (center) and Stephan-Christian Köhler of Endress+Hauser Conducta with Silke Masurat and Joachim Schuble of Compamedia and Wolfgang Clement.
The liquid analysis measurement specialist of the Endress+Hauser Group was the overall winner in the >500 employee category of the 'Top Job' employer competition.


text:
Bulletproof Blog
This Blog Provides Information about Bulletproof Vests And Body Armors
Bulletproof Vests Info
Body Armor Info
Israeli Bulletproof Vests
Body Armor And Bullet Proof Vests
August 15, 2017 by BulletProofVest
Body armor has been around for a long time. They were developed to provide protection during battles and war. They have been extensively developed during World War I. Today body armor consists of protection for the whole body especially for law enforcement officers, military officers and special operations officers. Earlier body armor was made of chain mail or would consist of a metal plate or ceramic plate. But after the development of the material, now only Kevlar and Aramid are used to make bullet proof vests. Due to the development of the weapons, body armor too had to change to provide protection from the new weaponry used.
Today bullets and guns are mostly used therefore the emergence of bullet proof vests. These vests are made of Kevlar which prevents the bullet from touching the skin. During the Vietnam War it was observed that that their soldiers mostly suffered from shrapnel and fragments and not bullets, this led to the development of a military vest which is more tightly woven than the normal bullet proof vests. Today the bullet proof vest is used extensively by police officers and the various department of the law like the FBI agents, the CBI agents, the SWAT teams. These are the people who deal with bullets hitting them all the time. These vests provide protection to the body. But when the person gets hit by a bullet depending on how powerful the machine it came out from and the distance it was fired at, can cause significant bruising and pain. Even though the bullet proof vest prevents the bullet from penetrating, the impact is still very much like being hit real hard.
This is why it is important to get it checked by a medical team to ensure there is no other disturbance create din the body apart from bruising and intense pain. These vests are also available to the common man. One can find them for sale at army surplus stores or stores that specialize in guns. Some stores specialize only in protective gear and include the bullet proof vest. There are different kinds of body armor available. They are each priced depending on the strength of the material and the weave. The body armor vests are classified into different levels given the strength of the vest. Today these have become standard issue for the law enforcement officers. If you live in a neighborhood where crime is on the rise, it would be wise to get a bullet proof vest.
Filed Under: BulletProof Vests
Copyright © 2021 — Bulletproof Blog • All rights reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sterling Travel : News : Singapore Airlines Opens Silverkris lounge in Heathrow T2
Singapore Airlines Opens Silverkris lounge in Heathrow T2
Singapore Airlines has opened a Silverkris lounge in London Heathrow's Terminal 2.
The Heathrow Silverkris Lounge is located in T2B close to gate B36 and is open to First class and Business class passengers flying with SIA or any Star Alliance airline, and to SIA Krisflyer and Star Alliance Gold members.
With separate areas for First and Business class passengers, seating 50 and 158 respectively, the lounge contains living rooms, dining rooms, a bar, productivity pods, showers and a "roving host service".
First class features a self-service buffet and à la carte dining which includes five different menus per day, with at least two menus available at any one time). Business class features a self-service buffet.
The lounge is inspired by the "home away from home" design featured in two other of Singapore Airlines lounges. This brings the design concept to the UK and Europe for the first time.


text:
Lola Flanery
Lola Flanery is a young actress who began her career when she was a toddler. Lola Flanery was best known for her role as Seelie Queen in the series "Shadowhunters: The Mortal Instruments." Her resume is impressive for an actress her age,
Lola Flanery was born on May 26, 2005, in Los Angeles, California, USA, under the sign of Gemini and with American citizenship.
Lola's parents had both worked in the entertainment industry for a long time. So she was used to the routine.
She was frequently seen on the set of the films in which her father acted or in which her mother produced.
Lola's father is Sean Patrick Flanery, a well-known American actor best known for his portrayal of Indiana Jones.
In the television series "Young Indiana Jones." Sacha Grierson Flanery, Lola's mother, is an assistant producer.
Who has worked on films such as "Brothers in Arms" (2005) and "Universal Soldier 2." (1999).
Lola is not the only child in her family; she has a younger brother, Charlie, who is now in high school.
Lola's parents divorced when she was a baby, and she now lives with her mother in Toronto.
Sean divorced Lola's mother shortly after she was born, so she doesn't spend much time with him,
but she has shared photos of herself and her father watching cartoons and playing cars when Lola was about two or three years old.
She also wrote that she was grateful to her father for all of the financial and emotional support he provided her over the years;
it appears that they have a good relationship. Lauren Michelle Hill, an actress
And Playboy model is Sean's current wife. Sean and Lauren have two sons who are Lola's stepbrothers.
Sean was a professional racer in 1997 and 1998, and he is also a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu instructor with a black belt.
He is also an author, having published "Jane Two: A Novel," a story based on his own life experience, in 2016.
Lola Flanery has been very busy with her work since she was a child.
So she works hard to balance her studies at her local middle school with her demanding work schedule.
She announced in June 2019 that she had passed all of her middle school tests.
Her fans wished her luck in high school, but she hasn't revealed which high school she'll attend.
Flanery began her career as a child model for various family magazines at a very young age.
As a result, her photographs appeared in publications such as "Family 411" and "American Baby."
Lola made her television debut in 2015, in the holiday film "Last Chance for Christmas," in which she played Madison.
The following year, she appeared in the thriller film "Lavender," playing the role of Alice Rutter alongside Dermot Mulroney and Abbie Cornish.
Lola rose to prominence after landing the role of Seelie Queen in the TV series "Shadowhunters:
The Mortal Instruments" at the end of 2016. Lola appeared in seven episodes of the show and is still set to appear in another as of 2019.
Lola's credits include "Mary Kills People" (2017 – present), in which she plays the character Cambie.
"The Mist" (2017 – present), in which she plays Lila DeWitt; and "The 100" (2014 – present),.
In which she plays Madi Griffin. She has also appeared in films such as "Sadie's Last Days on Earth" (2016).
In which she played the younger version of the main character Sadie Mitchell; "Home Again" (2017).
Which she co-starred with Reese Witherspoon; in "Neverknock" (2017), and "Season for Love" (2018). (2018).
Lola Flanery's current net worth is estimated to be more than $1 million.
however, because she is still underage, she will not have access to her fortune until she reaches the age of 18.
She is said to earn $10,000 for each episode in which she appears.
Sean Patrick Flanery, her celebrity father, is said to be worth $3 million.
Lola Flanery is only 14 years old as of 2019, so there is no information about her relationships .
She is too young and too busy with her acting career to have time for boyfriends.
Lola Flanery with Lindsey Morgan. Source: Listal
However, one cannot deny that she is a very nice girl who may be attracting the attention of the men around her.
Lola Flanery has long, dark brown hair that she has never dyed; she prefers to wear it down.
Her eyes are blue. Lola is 4feet 9inches (1.45m) tall and weighs about 84lbs (38kg).
Her vital statistics are still 28-21-28 as of 2019.
she enjoys designer clothing and is always conscious of her appearance, carefully matching the items.
She enjoys wearing various hats and does so whenever possible
Lola is very active on various social media platforms, and she started her Instagram account.
She was 13 (her mother assisted her in managing her account .
Because Instagram does not allow people under the age of 13 to create and manage profiles on the platform).
Lola's account now has nearly 450,000 subscribers.
She also has a Twitter account, which is followed by over 65,000 people.
Lola soon encountered some negative comments on her talent and acting abilities on her social media accounts.
But she claims that her mother helped her overcome those difficult feelings when some people expressed their negative thoughts on her works:
Also Read: Jason Smith, Sydney Bergerson, Alanna Rizzo
Lola is best known for her role as Seelie Queen in the series "Shadowhunters: The Mortal Instruments" in 2017.
Flanery father is best known for his work in the series "Young Indiana Jones" in which he played Indiana himself.
Sean divorced Lola's mother soon after she was born, she doesn't spend much time with him, but she's shared several photos of herself and her father watching cartoons together, and playing cars when Lola was around two or three years old.
Lola's account has now attracted almost 450,000 subscribers.
Her current net worth is estimated to be more than $1 million already.
She won't have any access to her fortune until she turns 18.
Related tags : "Shadowhunters: The Mortal Instruments." Actress Celebrity dauther
Susan Hennessey
Who Is Punker_irl ? Let's Know Everything About Him
Kevin Nascimento
Kevin Nascimento, also known as 'Mc Kevin,' was a well-known Brazilian singer, songwriter, footballer, social media influencer, musician, and entrepreneur from So Paulo, Brazil. Kevin Nascimento was w
Donda West
Who is Donda West? Donda West was a well-known academic, businesswoman, and media personality from the United States who was born on 12 July 1949 and passed away on 10 November 2007. Donda West is in
Nathan Sharp
Who is Nathan Sharp? Nathan Sharp is an American singer, YouTuber, voice artist, and gaming analyst from Richmond, Virginia. Nathan Sharp is a voice artist for the Indie animated series Bloodline and


text:
Idaho MLS Search
Southern Idaho Farms & Ranches
Home Affordability
About Idaho
Your Dream Home
Find Real Estate
Relocation Help
Helping You Find Your Way Home!
∴ ADVANCED OPTIONS
∴ LESS OPTIONS
Select City: ACEQUIA ALBION ALMO BELLEVUE BLISS BUHL BURLEY CAREY CHALLIS CLAYTON DECLO DIETRICH EDEN ELBA FAIRFIELD FEATHERVILLE FILER GLENNS FERRY GOODING HAGERMAN HAILEY HAMMETT HANSEN HAZELTON HEYBURN HOLLISTER JEROME KETCHUM KIMBERLY KING HILL MACKAY MALTA MOUNTAIN HOME MURTAUGH OAKLEY PICABO PRAIRIE RICHFIELD RUPERT SHOSHONE SUN VALLEY TWIN FALLS WENDELL WEST MAGIC
Property Type... Residential Farms/Ranches Business/Commercial Vacant Land Residential Income
Bathrooms 1+ 1 1/2+ 1 3/4+ 2+ 2 1/2+ 3+ 3 1/2+ 4+
Price Range < $100,000 $100,000 - $125,000 $125,000 - $150,000 $150,000 - $175,000 $175,000 - $200,000 $200,000 - $250,000 $250,000 - $300,000 $300,000 - $350,000 $350,000 - $400,000 $400,000 - $450,000 $450,000 - $500,000 $500,000 - $600,000 $600,000 - $700,000 $700,000 - $800,000 $800,000 - $900,000 $900,000 - $1,000,000 $1,000,000 +
Sq Ft 1000 or less 1000+ 1200+ 1400+ 1600+ 1800+ 2000+ 2500+ 3000+ 4000+
Levels 1 2 3+
Garages 1 car 2 car 3 car 4+ car
Lot Size Less Than 1/2 Acre 1/2 Acre Or More 1 Acre Or More 2 Or More Acres 3 Or More Acres 4 Or More Acres 5 Or More Acres 10 Or More Acres 15 Or More Acres 20 Or More Acres
NEW BANK OWNED SHORT SALES
1 thru 1 of 1 Listings.
Filter By City... ------------------------------- ALL CITIES ALBION Filter By Price Range... ---------------------- Any Price... < $25,000 $25,000 - $50,000 $50,000 - $75,000 $75,000 - $100,000 $100,000 - $125,000 $125,000 - $150,000 $150,000 - $175,000 $175,000 - $200,000 $200,000 - $250,000 $250,000 - $300,000 $300,000 - $350,000 $350,000 - $400,000 $400,000 - $450,000 $450,000 - $500,000 $500,000 - $600,000 $600,000 - $700,000 $700,000 - $800,000 $800,000 - $900,000 $900,000 - $1,000,000 $1,000,000 +	 Change Property Type... Farms/Ranches Business/Commercial Residential Income Residential Rentals Vacant Land
┇┇┇
Albion, ID - 83311
38.24/SF
Type: Commercial
More In: Burley-Rupert-MiniCassia - 2005
Courtesy of Coldwell Banker Curtis Realty
Intermountain Regional MLS
700 South Lincoln
Jerome, ID 83338
PH: 208 324-3354
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text:
Q: Xamarin Forms, MVVM Light и ListView ContextActions Коллеги, привет.
Возникла проблема с реализацией удаления из ListView с помощью кнопки в Context Action. Мой код:
View:
    <StackLayout>
    <ListView
        x:Name="JobsList"
        HasUnevenRows="True"
        IsPullToRefreshEnabled="true"
        ItemsSource="{Binding Jobs}">
        <ListView.ItemTemplate>
            <DataTemplate>
                <ViewCell>
                    <ViewCell.ContextActions>
                        <MenuItem
                            Command="{Binding Path=BindingContext.RemoveJobCommand, Source={x:Reference Name=JobsList}}"
                            CommandParameter="{Binding .}"
                            IsDestructive="True"
                            Text="Удалить" />
                    </ViewCell.ContextActions>
                    <ViewCell.View>
                        <StackLayout>
                            <StackLayout.GestureRecognizers>
                                <TapGestureRecognizer Command="{Binding Path=BindingContext.DetailJobCommand, Source={x:Reference Name=TaskList}}" CommandParameter="{Binding .}" />
                            </StackLayout.GestureRecognizers>
                            <Label FontSize="Medium" Text="{Binding Name}" />
                        </StackLayout>
                    </ViewCell.View>
                </ViewCell>
            </DataTemplate>
        </ListView.ItemTemplate>
    </ListView>
    <Button Command="{Binding NavigateCommand}" Text="Добавить" />
</StackLayout>

ViewModel:
 public class MainViewModel : ViewModelBase
{
    private readonly INavigationService _navigationService;

    public MainViewModel(INavigationService navigationService)
    {
        if (navigationService == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("navigationService");
        _navigationService = navigationService;

        Jobs = new ObservableCollection<Job>();
        RemoveJobCommand = new Command(Remove);
        DetailJobCommand = new Command(Detail);
        NavigateCommand = new RelayCommand(() =>
        {
            _navigationService.NavigateTo(Pages.AddJobPage);
        });
        MessagingCenter.Subscribe<Job>(this, "AddNew", (job) =>
        {
            Jobs.Add(job);
        });
        //Jobs.Add(new Job() { Name = "Test", Description = "Test desc" });
    }

    private void Detail(object obj)
    {
        Job job = obj as Job;
        obj = null;
        if (job == null) return;
        _navigationService.NavigateTo(Pages.DetailsJobPage, job);
    }

    public ICommand NavigateCommand { get; set; }

    /// Logic ///

    public ObservableCollection<Job> Jobs { get; set; }

    public ICommand RemoveJobCommand { get; set; }
    public ICommand DetailJobCommand { get; set; }

    private void Remove(object obj)
    {
        Job job = obj as Job;
        obj = null;
        if (job == null) return;
        Jobs.Remove(job);
    }
}

Я добавляю новые таски в список и затем их удаляю без проблем. Если я зайду в один из тасков и потом вернусь обратно к списку, то удаление перестает работать.
Проблема заключается в том, что при попытке удалить мне в метод Remove передается неверное значение таска. Обычно это предыдущий удаленный таск:

И соответственно в коллекции его уже нет:

Как правильно реализовать передачу верного таска для удаления?


National Hydrogen Association invites nominations for the "Nejat Veziroğlu Special Award", "Technology Award", and "Young Researcher Award". The elective committees formed for the awards are composed of the five members determined by the Board of the National Hydrogen Association in coordination with the chairperson of the award committees. Instead of the members who cannot attend the elective committee due to resignation, excuse or death, new members are determined by the coordination of the association administration.
•	Nejat Veziroğlu Special Award: This award is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Nejat Veziroğlu, who is an international leader in hydrogen energy, the father of hydrogen technologies, and the permanent honorary president of the National Hydrogen Association. Those who will apply or be nominated to this award must meet the following conditions: i) To have proven themselves in the area of hydrogen energy technology both in domestic and international scales by taking active roles and contributing to National Hydrogen Association's activities, ii) To have made internationally accepted contributions both in scientific and technical aspects in the field of hydrogen energy and technologies.
Young Researcher Award: This award is designed for researchers with at least a master's degree who are under 35 years old as of the date of the next IHTEC conference (that the award ceremony is planned to take place). Candidates might apply directly to this award or they may be nominated. Candidates who apply or who are nominated for this award must have successfully carried out nationally and internationally successful studies on hydrogen energy technologies. Those who have inventions, who develop new applications or unique methods related to hydrogen energy technologies, will be the reason of preference for this award.
Note: Multiple applications can be submitted and nominated, but the recipient cannot be nominated again in the same category.
c) List and disclose all works related specifically to the award. The application will be sent electronically (direct to hydrojendernegi@hotmail.com) and the hard copy directly to the association mailing address.
Award Committees convene in the second half of May. The award secretariat assigned by the Association participates in the meetings in order to carry out the correspondence.
Award winners will be announced in June following the Award Committee's assessment.
Members who cannot participate in the electoral committee meetings are invited to vote via telephone or Skype or send their votes in written form to the Chairman of the Award Committee in advance. Written votes do not change during the replay of the votes.


There are so many musicians at SXSW that the bands often take to the streets to help defer their travel expenses. You can hear some great music as you walk from one venue to the next.
This entry was posted in Walking and tagged Austin, Bands, Collage, Congress Avenue, Downtown, Live Music, Photography, Sixth Street, Street Performers, SXSW, Texas, Walking.


The global binocular market revenue amounted to $X in 2017, shrinking by -X% against the previous year. In general, binocular consumption continues to indicate a slight deduction. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2011, when market value increased by X% against the previous year. In that year, the global binocular market attained their peak level of $X. From 2012 to 2017, growth of the global binocular market stood at a somewhat lower level.
In 2017, the global production of binoculars amounted to X units, going down by -X% against the previous year. Overall, binocular production continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2011, with an increase of X% year-to-year. In that year, the global binocular production reached their peak volume of X units. From 2012 to 2017, growth of the global binocular production failed to regain its momentum.
In 2017, the global binocular exports stood at X units, coming down by -X% against the previous year. Overall, binocular exports continue to indicate a slight drop. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2010, when exports increased by X% against the previous year. Global exports peaked of X units in 2011; however, from 2012 to 2017, it stood at a somewhat lower level.
In value terms, binocular exports totaled $X in 2017. The total export value increased an average annual rate of +X% over the period from 2007 to 2017; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. Over the period under review, the global binocular exports attained its peak figure level of $X in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2017, it stood at a somewhat lower level.
China dominates binocular exports structure, amounting to X units, which was near X% of total exports in 2017. It was distantly followed by China, Hong Kong SAR (X units), comprising X% share of total exports. Germany (X units), Japan (X units), the Netherlands (X units) and the U.S. (X units) followed a long way behind the leaders.
China experienced a relatively flat trend pattern of binoculars exports. At the same time, Japan (+X%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Japan emerged as the fastest growing exporter in the world, with a CAGR of +X% from 2007-2017. The U.S. experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. By contrast, the Netherlands (-X%), Germany (-X%) and China, Hong Kong SAR (-X%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. While the share of China, Hong Kong SAR (X%), China (X%) and Germany (X%) increased significantly in terms of the global exports from 2007-2017, the share of Japan (-X%) displayed negative dynamics. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.
In value terms, China ($X), the U.S. ($X) and Germany ($X) were the countries with the highest levels of exports in 2017, with a combined X% share of global exports.
The U.S. (+X% per year) recorded the highest rates of growth with regard to exports, in terms of the main exporting countriesover the last decade, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.
In 2017, the average binocular export price amounted to $X per unit, stabilizing at the previous year. In general, the export price indicated a strong increase from 2007 to 2017: its price increased at an average annual rate of +X% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2017 figures, the binocular export price increased by +X% against 2010 indices. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2014, an increase of X% y-o-y. Over the period under review, the average export prices for binoculars reached its peak figure level of $X per unit in 2016, leveling off in the following year.
Export prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest export price was the U.S. ($X per unit), while China ($X per thousand units) was amongst the lowest.
In 2017, the amount of binoculars imported worldwide stood at X units, coming down by -X% against the previous year. Overall, binocular imports continue to indicate a deep drop. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2010, when it surged by X% year-to-year. Global imports peaked of X units in 2008; however, from 2009 to 2017, it failed to regain its momentum.
In value terms, binocular imports totaled $X in 2017. In general, binocular imports continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. In that year, the global binocular imports attained their peak level of $X. From 2011 to 2017, growth of the global binocular imports stood at a somewhat lower level.
In 2017, the U.S. (X units), distantly followed by Japan (X units), Germany (X units), China, Hong Kong SAR (X units) and the UK (X units) were the main importers of binoculars, together committing X% of total imports. The Netherlands (X units), Colombia (X units), Austria (X units), Italy (X units), Poland (X units), Belgium (X units) and India (X units) followed a long way behind the leaders.
From 2007 to 2017, average annual rates of growth with regard to binocular imports into the U.S. stood at -X%. At the same time, India (+X%), Colombia (+X%), Austria (+X%), Poland (+X%) and Japan (+X%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, India emerged as the fastest growing importer in the world, with a CAGR of +X% from 2007-2017. By contrast, Belgium (-X%), Germany (-X%), Italy (-X%), the Netherlands (-X%), the UK (-X%) and China, Hong Kong SAR (-X%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. From 2007 to 2017, the share of the U.S., China, Hong Kong SAR, the UK and Germany increased by X%, X%, X% and X% percentage points, while India (-X%), Austria (-X%), Colombia (-X%) and Japan (-X%) saw their share reduced. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.
In value terms, the U.S. ($X) constitutes the largest market for imported binoculars worldwide, making up X% of global imports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Germany ($X), with a X% share of global imports. It was followed by China, Hong Kong SAR, with a X% share.
In the U.S., binocular imports decreased by an average annual rate of -X% over the period from 2007-2017. The remaining importing countries recorded the following average annual rates of imports growth: Germany (+X% per year) and China, Hong Kong SAR (+X% per year).
The average binocular import price stood at $X per unit in 2017, coming up by X% against the previous year. In general, the import price indicated a remarkable increase from 2007 to 2017: its price increased at an average annual rate of +X% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2017 figures, the binocular import price decreased by -X% against 2015 indices. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2010, when it surged by X% year-to-year. Global import price peaked of $X per unit in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2017, it failed to regain its momentum.
There were significant differences in the average import prices amongst the major importing countries. In 2017, the country with the highest import price was Italy ($X per unit), while Colombia ($X per thousand units) was amongst the lowest.
Prodcom 26702230 - Binoculars (including night vision binoculars) .
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global binocular market. Within it, you will discover the latest data on market trends and opportunities by country, consumption, production and price developments, as well as the global trade (imports and exports). The forecast exhibits the market prospects through 2025.


Martina McBride will appear on an episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show about first jobs on Tuesday (Nov. 3), returning to the Dairy Queen in Hutchinson, Kan., where she worked after high school. In the episode, McBride works the counter and the drive-through window of the restaurant, which is still owned by the same couple who once hired her. McBride also appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show on Oct. 26 during a visit to the State Fair of Texas.


text:
Shiftlings: Enhanced Edition for Switch Review Andrew McMahon Rating: 3.0 out of 5
Shiftlings: Enhanced Edition for Switch Review
Posted By: Andrew McMahonon: April 04, 2018 In: Tags: gaming, Nintendo SwitchNo Comments
Title: Shiftlings: Enhanced Edition
Available on: Nintendo Switch
Developers: Rock Pocket Games
Publishers: Sierra
Official Site: https://www.nintendo.com/games/detail/shiftlings-enhanced-edition-switch
Release Date: February 1st, 2018
Three years after Rocket Pocket Games launched its colorful platformer on the PlayStation 4, Shiftlings: Enhanced Edition has arrived on the Nintendo Switch. And while the game certainly benefits from the console's co-op friendly design, most of the same problems from the original version are still present.
Shiftlings: Enhanced Edition takes little time introducing its wacky world, as players are greeted by an alien announcer who introduces the two main protagonists, the Shiftlings. Competing in a reality game show of sorts, the Shiftlings must traverse over 50 exotic levels in order to win the game. All the while they must solve puzzles using their unique shifting ability. The ability is pretty simple: one character can blow up into a big balloon-like mass, while the other must remain normal size.
This mechanic really helps Shiftlings: Enhanced Edition stand out amongst the bevy of puzzle platformers in the modern market. Being able to use a shiftling to pull another down as a result momentum and weight and also being able to jump on the large one to reach otherwise unreachable heights really lends to some fresh level design and situations in the game. With that being said, the puzzles do have their issues.
With 50 plus levels in the game, there is a fair amount of repetition that takes place. Gaps, heights, rolling platforms, and other dangers certainly provide variety, but the actions are still the same, resulting in stale gameplay. Timing is what truly differentiates puzzles in Shiftlings: Enhanced Edition. The only problem is that, more often than not, the timing comes down to luck, as opposed to skill. The trial and error method is by no means new for this type of genre, but seeing as shifting is marketed as the games focal point, it is a shame that a lot of the puzzles come down to simply getting lucky after dozens of attempts. Something that was made evermore frustrating in the games single player mode.
When compared to other single player modes in co-op puzzle games, like Death Squared and Shift Happens, Shiftlings: Enhanced Edition does seem to put effort into giving players who want to play alone the ability to do so. Specific buttons allow the ability to switch between players like most games in the genre, but there is also a button that when held moved both players at once. Unfortunately, the button mapping can be clunky at times, taking some getting used to in the early levels alone.
Shiftlings: Enhanced Edition certainly shines when playing with a friend though. Unlike the other platforms the game released on, the Joy Con controllers feel handmade for the co-op version of the game. Each button has a purpose and flows considerable well once you and a friend get a hang of the controls. Making your own fun in the game with a friend is a blast. Be sure to make up your own stories though, as the main one for Shiftlings: Enhanced Edition is…odd.
Farts, bad jokes, and a childlike, but vibrant, color scheme end up being one of the low-lights of the game. This wouldn't be as big of a problem if the game didn't spend so much time trying to build this odd world and story. Alongside an annoyingly crass announcer, the two main protagonists of the game really don't have a personality. All the game provides is that they are two cosmic custodians tasked with solving their way through a galactic game show. If they separate from the hose that connects them, they die. Not much backstory is given as to why they are doing this, or why the worlds/levels are setup the way they are. All in all, it felt like the alien arc of Jimmy Neutron in look and feel, something I wasn't entirely as open to experiencing as an adult.
The saving grace for the single-player portion of Shiftlings: Enhanced Edition was the end of level boss fights. These bonus stages were unlocked at the end of every level via collecting items throughout the previous stages. While they were certainly as frustrating as some of the timing puzzles in the game, I never found myself disliking the trial and error fights. These are just as fun, if not more so, with a friend too!
Verdict: Shiftlings: Enhanced Edition doesn't really change much from the original console versions of the game. Many of the same frustrating and repetitive problems exist, but so do a lot of the fun parts of the platformer. Out of all of the other releases, the game definitely finds its home on the Nintendo Switch though, as Joy Con controllers are perfect for the co-op portion of the game. While it may not be worth it alone, definitely pick up the game for the fun it'll provide playing with friends.
The galaxy's biggest no-brainer! Control two adorably dim-witted alien space janitors on their quirky quest to repair the galaxy!
Switch fit co-op
Boss fights
Story focus and immaturity
Luck vs Skill
Your Rating:User Rating:
Andrew McMahon
Andrew has been in love with video game ever since his brother was forced by their parents to let him watch him and his friends play games like Goldeneye and Super Mario 64.
Tags: gamingNintendo Switch
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text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Serilog;
using Serilog.Events;

namespace SerilogRequestLogging
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static int Main(string[] args)
        {
            Log.Logger = new LoggerConfiguration()
            .MinimumLevel.Debug()
            .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft", LogEventLevel.Information)
            // Filter out ASP.NET Core infrastructre logs that are Information and below
            .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft.AspNetCore", LogEventLevel.Warning)
            .Enrich.FromLogContext()
            .WriteTo.Console()
            .WriteTo.Seq("http://localhost:5341")
            .CreateLogger();

            try
            {
                Log.Information("Starting host");
                CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
                return 0;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Log.Fatal(ex, "Host terminated unexpectedly");
                return 1;
            }
            finally
            {
                Log.CloseAndFlush();
            }
        }

        public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
            Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .UseSerilog()
                .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
                {
                    webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
                });
    }
}


The Montego ceiling light is beautifully crafted to illuminate your home with sparkling light. It features K9 crystal effect pendants that cascade from a central ceiling plate with a classic gold finish.
The Montego crystal ceiling light has four halogen lights included for a bright light effect. Energy saving light bulbs can also be used.
Stylish and elegant, this flush fitting would make a breathtaking focal point for any room. Pair it with our matching Montego gold wall light to complete the look.
Q: Are the crystal drops on the Montego Light glass or plastic?


text:
Red Sox First Pitch
Koji Uehara Has Been Great, But Can He Keep It Up All Season? (Video)
by nesn-video on Wed, Apr 22, 2015 at 7:56PM
Amid struggles from the starting rotation, the Boston Red Sox's bullpen has been a bright spot.
As a whole, Red Sox relievers have combined for a 2.45 ERA, good for fourth in the American League. Closer Koji Uehara has been a big part of the group's success on the back end, but despite his performance, NESN's Dennis Eckersley and Steve Lyons still have their concerns.
"He's just sort of pitched so well before, so can he ever do that again? I can't imagine," Eckersley said. "The bar is set too high, so it scares me a little bit."
Lyons is more concerned about Uehara's splitter.
"That's the pitch that everyone started going away from because they overthrew it," Lyons said. "He's thrown, like, five fastballs all year."
Uehara turned 40 earlier this month.
Check out more in the video above.
Thumbnail image via Kim Klement/USA TODAY Sports Images
Dennis Eckersley: Bryan Price Took Out Frustration On Media (Video)


Looking for stylish yet simple table mats that won't detract from your culinary creations? With this set of 4 placemats crafted in slate, you'll be adding a touch of contemporary design to your tableware. You'll even be able to set down hot plates straight onto these placemats without any concerns as the mats are food safe and heat resistant with foam stoppers to protect your table.
Perhaps you have a particular table plan in mind? Why not mark place settings directly onto the slate table mats in chalk (not included) to guide your guests to the right place at the table?
At Garden Trading our focus is to design and produce functional products for the home and garden, without having to compromise on style. From a bread bin to an exterior light - we are passionate about making products that will last for years, and earn you plenty of compliments from your friends too!


text:
Ernesto Sábato (Rojas, 24 juni 1911 – Santos Lugares, 30 april 2011) was een Argentijns schrijver (Spaanstalig) en wetenschapper.

Leven
Sábato werd geboren als voorlaatste van 11 kinderen van Italiaanse emigrantenouders in Argentinië. Hij studeerde natuurkunde. Hoewel hij van jongs af aan werd aangetrokken door de literatuur, koos hij voor de exacte wetenschappen omdat hij, zoals hij later verklaarde, "in de platonische orde de rust zocht die hij in zijn innerlijk niet vinden kon". Als natuurkundige specialiseerde hij zich verder in Frankrijk en de Verenigde Staten, en publiceerde hij in 1938-1939 belangwekkende artikelen over de theoretische fysica. Na zijn terugkomst in Argentinië werd hij hoogleraar aan de Universiteit van La Plata.

Sábato is ook altijd sterk politiek geëngageerd geweest, vanuit een van oudsher linkse achtergrond. Hij speelde een belangrijke rol in het politieke debat in Argentinië na de Vuile Oorlog. In de jaren tachtig was hij bovendien voorzitter van de CONADEP, de commissie die tot taak had bewijsmateriaal te verzamelen over de misdaden van de militaire dictatuur.

In de proloog van het rapport van de CONADEP Nunca Más (1984, Nooit meer) schreef Sábato: "Vanaf het moment van hun ontvoering waren de slachtoffer volslagen rechteloos; zonder enig contact met de buitenwereld, vastgehouden op onbekende plaatsen, onderworpen aan helse martelingen, onwetend van wat hun op termijn of het volgende moment te wachten stond, de kans lopend met blokken cement aan hun voeten in een rivier of in zee te worden gegooid of tot as te worden verbrand; toch waren ze geen dingen en hadden ze nog menselijke eigenschappen: ze voelden pijn, herinnerden zich hun moeder of hun kind of hun vrouw, schaamden zich peilloos diep als ze publiekelijk werden verkracht..."

Literair werk
Sábato's eerste literaire werk, Uno y el universo, dateert van 1945: een verzameling korte teksten waarin verschillende literaire, wetenschappelijke en filosofische onderwerpen worden behandeld. Ook in volgende werken, Hombres y engranajes (1951) en Heterodoxia (1953), snijdt hij een grote verscheidenheid aan literaire en culturele onderwerpen aan.

De politieke ontwikkelingen in zijn land brachten Sábato er ook toe zich voortdurend te verdiepen in de Argentijnse problematiek, hetgeen hij vooral deed vanuit een cultureel perspectief. Essays met zijn bespiegelingen zijn onder andere samengebracht in Apologias y rechazos (1979).

Sábato schreef drie romans. De eerste, El Túnel (1948, De tunnel)), werd vooral geprezen in existentialistische kringen, onder meer door Albert Camus.
Zijn tweede roman, Sobre héroes y tumbas (1961, Over helden en graven), waarin hij naar eigen zeggen "naar het wezen van de mens graaft", wordt algemeen beschouwd als zijn belangrijkste werk. Het bevat het bekend geworden hoofdstuk Rapport over blinden, een soort roman in een roman waarin de metafysische en ethische toon van Sábato's werk in optima forma gestalte krijgt, "als het opsporen van de laatste gruwelijke waarheden die zich in de bodem van de mens bevinden".

In Sábato's lijvige derde roman, Abaddón el exterminador (1974, niet vertaald), die vrijwel al diens voorgaande teksten omvat, stelt hij als het ware zichzelf ter discussie, zijn welslagen en zijn mislukkingen. De grenzen tussen de fictieve personages en de romanschrijver vervagen voortdurend, op bijna surrealistische wijze. Het is een complex en caleidoscopisch boek dat wel wordt gezien als de apotheose van Sábato's totale oeuvre.

Bibliografie

Romans

 El Túnel, 1948; Nederlands: De tunnel
 Sobre Héroes y Tumbas, 1961; Nederlands: Over helden en graven
 Abaddón el Exterminador, 1974

Essays
 Uno y el Universo, 1945
 Hombres y Engranajes, 1951
 Heterodoxia, 1953
 El caso Sabato. Torturas y libertad de prensa. Carta Abierta al General Aramburu.
 El otro rostro del peronismo. 1956
 El escritor y sus fantasmas.
 El Tango, discusión y clave.
 Romance de la muerte de Juan Lavalle. Cantar de Gesta.
 Pedro Henríquez Ureña
 Tres aproximaciones a la literatura de nuestro tiempo: Robbe-Grillet, Borges, Sartre.
 Eduardo Falú (met León Benarós).
 Diálogos (met Jorge Luis Borges).
 Apologías y Rechazos.
 Los libros y su misión en la liberación e integración de la América Latina.
 Entre la letra y la sangre. Conversaciones con Carlos Catania.
 Antes del fin, 1998 Memorias.
 La Resistencia, 2000

Overige werken
 Nunca más (rapport CONADEP), 1984; Nederlands: Nooit opnieuw
 Obra completa

Literatuur en bronnen
 A. Bachrach e.a.: Encyclopedie van de wereldliteratuur. Bussum, 1980-1984. ISBN 90-228-4330-0

Weblinks
 Site over Sábato
 Biografie

Referentie

Argentijns schrijver
Argentijns wetenschapper

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


All that Glitters is a series of double exposure dself-portraits I shoot last month for my 52 Weeks of Self-Portraits. It's probably some of my favourite self-portraits I've done in the last 5 years. When I was first getting into photography back in 2005 when I was in college I use to stay up every night until 5am creating really weird self-portraits of myself. Most of them are horrible to look back on but I still have so much love for them in my heart not only because I was learning to express myself but also because it really helped me in general to heal and get over my angst I had at that age (like all teenagers and early 20 year olds have). Self-portraits have always been about healing for me and just creating mini-characters marvels me and make me feel like I'm expressing myself. I've been really happy for such a long time it's been hard for me to really get creative. All that Glitters is probably the first time I felt like I've fueled that energy and creativity and actually gotten results that I find satisfying since I moved to Montreal. Hope to do more like this set in the future.
I find myself still fascinated with my older unedited photography of me wearing masks. The shots I am sharing today were taken in 2009 after a very unusual heavy snowfall in Vancouver just outside of the basement I was living in at the time. I am wearing the mixed media mask I made of my own self portrait edited by a friend on Flicker called HOTB. It feels weird to look at these because I honestly do not know what I was thinking or how I manage to get these shots while wearing a mask that actual blinds me. I've been seeing a lot of cool surreal self-portraits from international photographers lately and am really tempted to start a 52 Week project when my 365 project is over where I take a weekly self portrait of myself. I want to give myself a chance to explore the more surreal elements of my personality again.
I recently went through all my current Citizen Erased masks and toke a photo of front and back of each of them. It was really fun, and I'm thinking that I will start making some more soon. A few of them are broken a bit from being put in boxes so much in the last few years when I moved so I do need to repair a few of them as well. I really cannot wait to find a place to put them in my new house. It always takes me awhile to decide where they look best and try different ways to showcase them. Hope you enjoy them, I love making mixed media projects.


of record, with the TV phase of that Beyonce effort to be its first project.
director Spike Lee and Omnicom Group's DDB Worldwide.
come down to Spike DDB, Chisholm-Mingo Group Inc. and GlobalHue.
development of radio, print and Internet creative."