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Cranes of Blue Water
Kylee Warren
Blue Water – The Land of History and Cranes
In 2017, I returned to Blue Water to help my mother and the rest of my family with Nebraska's Sesquicentennial celebrations at Ash Hollow. The Convergence of Cultures endeavored to bring cultural and historical interpretation to a famous location that was both sanctuary to the pioneers, and the site of a bloody massacre. These 2017 events also commemorated the return of artifacts taken from the Little Thunder family during the Blue Water Creek Massacre in 1855. The Smithsonian Museum created a temporary exhibition to display these events.
These events that brought me home also introduced me to Phil Little Thunder, who over time, became a friend, and someone who could shed light on stories about cranes in this area. The cranes were another reason I was drawn home throughout my postgraduate education. In 2014, I returned to capture the local sandhill crane population that annually stage in the Lewellen and Ash Hollow area from February through April as they migrate north.
Lewellen and the surrounding area sit on the border of Garden and Keith Counties in western Nebraska. Lewellen also sits between Clear Creek and what locals now call Blue Creek. Blue Creek is a small, yet vitally important stream because it flows out of Crescent Lake and south into the North Platte, making it a significant landmark for those who wished to travel north or reach larger bodies of pooled water before the days of SIRI and GPS. Lakota descendants of those who lived here two centuries ago call this general area around Lewellen and Ash Hollow Mini To Wakpala, Blue Water Creek, or simply Blue Water. They, among others, choose to call the area Hollow Blue Water as one way to bring back the area's history as a form of remembrance, or in some cases, reconciliation for the tragedy that unfolded in the area over a century and a half ago. The Lewellen, or Blue Water area, is the location of a famous battle. In 1855, General W.S. Harney camped on the confluence where Blue Water Creek meets the North Platte River in anticipation of attacking the Brule Lakota who lodged north of this area. What ensued was a bloody match between General Harney's men and Chief Little Thunder's people. Eighty-six Lakota men, women, and children were killed, and the US Army lost twelve soldiers. One hundred and sixty-five years after these historic events, cranes still use Blue Creek as a landmark. They graze across the many fields on the creek's edge, and spend their afternoons preening, loafing, and dancing in the wetlands.
Blue Creek and neighboring wetlands viewed from a Cessna.
Figure 1: Blue Water's location in Nebraska and in the United States.
2008: Meeting the Sandhill Cranes
One by one, red-capped, steel grey birds poked their heads up as we whizzed past them in a rental vehicle traveling parallel to the North Platte River between Clear Creek and Blue Creek. It was 2008, and I was a mere passenger, invited by my aunt and her desire to share the sandhill crane migration with me. She and my uncle were both generous enough to include me in their thirtieth wedding anniversary vacation so I could see the crane spectacle myself. I had never seen a crane before, and little did I know this journey would change my life. I'd traveled Highway 92 hundreds of times as a child, but at this moment, the only unfamiliar sight was the many tall, silvery birds feeding and lingering in spent cornfields.
2009 Image – My first photo of the cranes of Blue Water.
The cranes also surprised my aunt and uncle, who grew up in this area, but did not remember seeing so many cranes on this stretch of highway. I asked if we could stop so I could get a closer look. They reassured me I would see plenty of cranes when we arrived in the Central Platte area.
They were not wrong. The cranes won my heart in the Central Platte area. Lauded as one of the few great migratory spectacles remaining in the United States, the spring sandhill crane migration stirs the hearts of many who come to watch these magnificent birds pause on a 70 mile stretch of the North Platte River as they make their journey north from the southern-most reaches of the United States. The landscape from Kearney to Grand Island is a sight to behold. When one first arrives to this fifty-mile stretch of plains, they will see cranes thread the skies during the day as they journey from field to field, their silver wings sequined in the opalescent sunrises and sunsets as they return to their roosts during their daily routine. When the birds lift off in small groups, one can hear the whoosh of their wings colliding with the air with the same audio richness of waves crashing against a rough sea. When the birds lift off in large groups, their wings create a rumbling thunder, often accompanied by their cacophonic cries and trills.
A sea of cranes as far as the eye can see on the Central Platte River in 2009
My aunt's invitation to witness this wonder was a life-changing blessing for which I'm forever grateful. This first journey to see the cranes inspired me to learn more about these creatures, and travel to corners of the country where they loaf, roost, and graze. I visited Suavie Island in Oregon to see cranes spend their summers in broad river wetlands. I also bought a camera and began studying media arts partly because I wanted to begin photographing cranes and their story. I had the opportunity to intern at New Mexico's Bosque del Apache's Festival of the Cranes in the fall of 2008. There, I met conservationists, photographers and biologists who encouraged me to volunteer at Rowe Sanctuary for the 2009 crane season.
A crane dancing around others on the Central Platte in 2014.
Throughout my travels, the cranes of my summer backyard while growing up in Blue Water stayed with me. A bird that I had never seen before—and only just began to love—lived, without my knowing it, in a place that I called home. They were so much a part of me that in 2014, I paused from my studies abroad to once again visit the cranes on the Platte and near my home in Lewellen. Though I was completing a postgraduate film degree in Australia, footage of Nebraska's sandhill cranes became an integral part of my final production.
Cranes in territorial 'discussion.' Blue Creek just behind them, is marked by overgrowing cottonwood trees
When I returned to Blue Creek to help my family in 2017, I arrived unaware that I would stay for good. Of all the places I could go with my degree, the Blue Water area pulled at me the most. The sandhills, with their rolling waves of sage and grass reminded me that my love for the ocean was born here, on the high plains, when my mother and an old family friend would take me to Ash Hollow, and then up to the battle ground to tell me the stories of the Blue Water Massacre. My aunt and uncle's decision to bring me to see the area's sandhill cranes was another reason I was drawn back again, and again. I've had the pleasure of watching cranes around Blue Creek for three seasons. When they fly north, they often do so above Blue Creek to the west and Clear Creek to the east.
The scientist in me wanted more proof that they were what I hoped. However, the storyteller in me wondered if they were two sandhill cranes, returning to Blue Water for what was becoming a sacred event for many. It was also a moment in my life where I had the opportunity to stay in rural Nebraska, and I can't help but think that these birds, and the people I met through the Convergence, were a large reason behind my decision to stay in my family's homeland. As the Convergence concluded, I looked forward to seeing the cranes of Blue Water. I only had to wait until February.
Cranes at Clear Creek, near Blue Creek, in 2014.
These Special Creatures
In 2018, I began my search for the cranes of Blue Water once February arrived, and had the privilege of seeing many bald eagles and trumpeter swans as I waited. Around the middle of the month, cranes began trickling in, first in flocks of 15 to 20, and then in larger congregations. One night, I traveled to the cliff face overlooking Ash Hollow and watched cranes land in four primary locations. All these locations were gently managed for waterfowl and other wild game. Two of these locations were confluences where waterways met the North Platte River. One of those waterways was Blue Creek. Only one of these locations rested on land available for public use and close observation.
Despite the presence of some managed land, the cranes struggled to find optimal space as their numbers increased throughout the season. They seemed restless, sometimes settling on one roost, only to move to another in any given night. In addition to contending with each other under cramped conditions, these birds navigated wetlands fenced in by towering trees, and many braved foraging on busy roadsides and roosting in fields instead of the protected waterways.
2018 Image of cranes flying through clusters of tall cottonwood. Arbor overgrowth, something cranes are not accustomed to in the managed landscapes of the Central Platte, is an everyday obstacle for cranes moving around the Blue Water area.
I introduced myself to a landowner whose property hosted cranes during the midday and evening hours. He permitted me to film cranes next to where Blue Creek merged with the North Platte River. After speaking with him, I learned that he managed the land for the waterfowl he and his guests hunted earlier in the season. The cranes benefitted from his efforts, and they took advantage of his wetland to loaf, graze, and preen as a part of their daily routine. At times, cranes lingered on this property well into the evening, and the landowner was certain that they chose to roost in the safety of his field rather than settle in the river.
A redwing blackbird perched on an easement boundary sign situated on private property. Private landowners hosting conservation easements also host many birds throughout the season.
Just east of this property, thousands of cranes chose to land in the river every night to the delight of many travelers who stood on the Old Lewellen Bridge to watch them. While many of these visitors experienced the Central Platte crane migration at least once, they revered this small segment of the North Platte because they perceived it as a place to watch cranes in a wilder, less manicured habitat, free from hordes of tourists.
The cranes of this river valley also kept many guessing as to their exact story. From my observation, these birds looked smaller, with proportionally smaller beaks than the sandhill cranes I saw in central Nebraska between Kearney and Grand Island. Were these lesser sandhill cranes? Avid birders and visiting biologists expressed uncertainty about the exact sub-species dominating this population of cranes. Many scientists agreed that the cranes pausing near Blue Water were lesser sandhill cranes, while others suggested they were greater sandhill cranes. Experts also debated where most of these cranes nested, where they came from, and where they would go to roost and rear their young. The research I consulted claimed that most of these birds traveled the furthest among the sandhill cranes, and possibly staged along the North Platte River because they were further west, and therefore closer to Alaskan and Siberian nesting grounds. For example, a 2014 study by Dr. Gary L. Krapu and his team of scientists suggested that more than 90% of birds staging on the North Platte Valley were the Western Alaskan and Siberian cranes. However, visiting biologists suggested that most of these birds were greater sandhill cranes who traveled short distances to nest and rear young among the shadows of the Rocky Mountain foothills. Still, a few of the scientists I reached out to admitted that few in their field had performed studies on the cranes visiting Lewellen each year. Travelers, who made the annual pilgrimage to see these birds, knew mostly about where they fed and roosted, but could not tell me about their other activities, or how the birds would respond to blinds, an improvement in land management, or other supporting infrastructure.
2018 image of unsuspecting campers next to a 2018 crane river roost.
The cranes who paused at Blue Water revealed many unanswered questions just by gracing the area with their presence. The cranes that stage in this region are a relatively small and little-known population of birds compared to the Central Platte spring population. However, a significant group of people traveled from Wyoming, Colorado, and beyond to see these birds in Lewellen, and some scientists speculate that this population is one of the largest gatherings of birds outside the Central Platte region.
Did these cranes always come to this stretch of the North Platte, and if not, why now? How were cranes faring in the current Blue Water habitat just west of Lake McConaughy, and would these cranes benefit from lands better managed for their well-being? If Krapu's research is definitive, and these birds primarily travel to Western Alaska and Siberia, then they would require a healthy staging period, and their time at Blue Water is vital to their overall health. Yet the greater Keith and Garden Counties communities remained unaware that this population required such rest, and many did not even know this population existed. Out of their desire to cherish them, unassuming travelers would sometimes accidentally startle the birds. What is at risk if our community continues with business as usual, or can we achieve a better situation beneficial for both man and crane?
Finally, what stories, if any, existed among the original inhabitants of Blue Water? Are they still being passed on among the ancestors of Blue Water's first peoples, or have they been lost with the voices of the Blue Water Creek Massacre? I asked Phil Little Thunder if such stories existed as April's warm winds swept the 2018 migration from our community, and he agreed to help me. I wanted to know learn everything about these birds, as they've been flying over a place I've called home for much longer than written history. In 2019, I set out to address these questions, hoping to find answers to at least some of them.
Blue Water Creek – looking north to the field where General Harney met with Chief Little Thunder during the Sioux Wars in 1855. Today, cranes use this river as a geographic landmark to guide them to northern and southern wetlands and feeding grounds throughout their day.
Figure 2: Comparative maps of crane observations from 2018 & 2019.
Lake McConaughy slowly melting from its icy lock in the middle of March. Cranes could be heard above the clouds.
2019: The Year of Ice and Flood
The year 2019 began with unseasonable warmth. The bald eagle population at Lake Ogallala was thin and no one thought Lake McConaughy would freeze over. Many expected an early spring, and an early arrival of the cranes with it. Then, a sudden chill sunk in and locked Lake McConaughy in some of the thickest ice in local memory. A natural event—which took months to develop in 2018— occurred within just a few short days in 2019. Several late-winter storms swept in, deterring migrating creatures and barring winter residents from traveling north. Suddenly, bald eagles congregated by the hundreds on Lake Ogallala's ice banks, and they stayed well into March. The cranes, however, were nowhere to be seen. The skies were empty, and the wind vacant of their soft trills.
Then suddenly, when the storms paused, cranes invaded overnight. I was returning from a weekend in Cheyenne, Wyoming when I caught my first glance of their arrival. On my way home, I detoured into Lewellen eager to confirm the many reports from locals who knew my desire to see the cranes. Sure enough, cranes trafficked the skies. They flew in long, thread-like trails between the river and the fields, and they passed each other like orderly lines of vehicles on busy thruways.
The second and last mass influx of arriving cranes occurred the following weekend after another intense blizzard. From what I observed, most of these cranes arrived from the east, through the corridor where the North Platte River meets Lake McConaughy, and from the South Tablelands.
Cranes dance and play with sticks in a crop field just east of Blue Creek.
Heavy snow and large snowdrifts inhibited my ability to safely and properly scout cranes and determine their daily movement patterns. Unlike previous years, where early arrivals established a roosting, feeding, and loafing routine that later arrivals either fell in line with or adapted to, this year's huge influx involved birds shuffling about for a week or two before finally settling into some semblance of a routine. They faced their own navigational challenges. Ice-crusted riverbeds and flooding waters locked them out from roosts they'd used years before.
Cranes unison call among housing and agricultural equipment just west of Blue Creek.
No one could guess if the cranes would stay longer than usual or leave around the middle of April as they did in previous years. After a week of observation, and with no confirmed evidence of where large populations preferred to roost, I had to curb my desire to film Blue Water cranes roosting. Instead, I placed a time-lapse camera at the western edge of a field where cranes loafed, and I situated my blind on the east end, giving the cranes a few days to acclimate to these structures before I returned to the site.
Cranes flying low as observed from a permanent pit-blind between Blue Creek and Clear Creek.
From the Blind
Choosing to watch cranes from a blind is a gamble. Hours in a blind means waiting for cranes that may land in another location just beyond view. In 2018, I situated blinds where cranes were roosting, only to find that Blue Water cranes preferred to arrive to roosts later in the evening and leave earlier in the morning than their Central Platte counterparts. In 2019, historic flooding across the state pushed water levels up, and the sandbars at normal roosting sites now hid under unusually high waters. Finding exactly where to situate blinds is a guessing game. However, when all goes well, the blind offers an intimate window into the daily life of cranes.
Cranes fill into loaf on a Blue Creek wetland.
Once I established blind locations at Blue Water, I observed crane patterns each day, and in an effort to maintain consistency, I carefully scheduled my arrivals and departures based on crane movements. Cranes above began scouting the site around 10 AM, with the first set landing about thirty minutes later. Group by group, their numbers grew until finally, the field was full of gray birds. Some arrived calmly and tucked their heads under their wings to preen feathers or sleep. Others jumped, flailed wings, and announced their presence with their high-pitched cackle. These birds did not hesitate to peck and chase at others who got too close.
Once on the wetland, the birds spent the rest of the morning drinking, foraging, and preening, all to the tune of each other's call. Then suddenly, as if ordered to attention, the cranes popped their heads up together, and looked around, alert and silent. The first time I observed this behavior, I wondered if the presence of some other creatures, or perhaps my own presence, startled them. It was my experience that this call to attention was behavior that took place before the cranes flushed a field.
Cranes "at attention" as their day begins on the Blue Creek wetlands.
During each of my blind sessions, however, this behavior led to more silence as the birds relaxed to preen, loaf, and graze. Eventually, they would tuck their heads under their wings and nap, or make their way to the water to drink. Soon, almost every bird napped, some standing on one leg, others lying in the grass, all with their heads tucked under their wings. They did this for several hours, as one bird for approximately every 20 kept on the lookout.
Then, as each bird broke their siesta, they would stretch their legs behind them, or spread one wing at a time. Many also greeted each other pleasantly, and they replaced their morning behaviors of territorial flailing with afternoons of bows and dancing.
The fields slowly morphed into balletic performances with cranes posing, leaping, twirling, and finally, lifting off to the sky, usually in small quartets, until the field stood empty of birds. Of all the opportunities to see cranes dance, this afternoon courtship was by far the best. Cranes were less eager to leave the loafing grounds than their morning roosts. Sometimes small groups would linger for hours before taking off for their nightly feeding. I only departed my blind after the last bird left the field. By this point, the sun was at that angle where everything glows in metallic, when shadows lengthen across the horizon, and when the only evidence of the birds lingered in the remaining feathers glistening in the late daylight.
A series of 9 photos mapping a courtship dance.
Each time I had the privilege of viewing cranes from the blind, I was keenly aware that my blind offered an intimate window into the crane's daily life. In many ways, it was voyeuristic. Here I was, observing and photographing the crane's daily spring ritual, without knowing if this bird truly cared that some other strange creature was present to watch them eat, court, and bathe.
Timelapse of the Blue Water wetland where so many cranes loafed throughout the season.
Blinds also offered unique experiences to enjoy other animals intermingling with the cranes. At times, great blue herons fished, otters played in the water, and Canada geese landed to co-exist with the visiting cranes. For these moments in time, they shared stories with the cranes, and they always kept me company on those days when I gambled and lost my bet to see cranes from blinds.
The Flooded Playas
From the air, disc-like playas gleamed on the Southern Table of the Keith County Tablelands. I observed them from a Cessna as a Nebraska Game and Parks biologist pointed to the ducks in these ponds and admitted that he had never seen so many ponds in this location before. We flew over the tablelands to reach the North Platte River Valley where we were certain to see cranes. Over the course of three seasons, I made many trips to the Southern Tablelands, located between the Platte Rivers, in search of cranes only to find empty fields or cranes flying north to the North Platte River, if present at all. By now, I dangerously assumed looking for cranes in the tablelands was a waste of time.
However, these watery discs, or playas as many call them, intrigued me. I photographed these large pools of water. My assumption was dangerous because at that time, I had no idea I was photographing 2019's popular crane roost.
Playas are responsible for recharging the Ogallala Aquafer.
It was no wonder they chose these discs. In 2019, when the cranes arrived, the North Platte waterways greeted them with swift currents and frozen riverbanks. At dusk, I traveled to the river with the hopes of discovering where the cranes were roosting. In previous years, these birds favored sandbars at the confluences of the Clear Creek, Blue Creek, and the sandbars just off Lewellen's two bridges. A few birds flew overhead, and fewer still landed in these previously-loved spots. I was not surprised. When the birds first arrived, ice locked the river and obscured sandbars with high frozen water and snow. Later in the season, the water was so high that it hid sandbars and carried a current swift enough to knock people off their feet.
Ice locks up wider stretches of river near the confluence of Lake McConaughy in late March. Ice locks make the water harder for birds to navigate and roost on sandbars in the river.
Some landowners claimed they saw cranes roosting in the fields early this season. After the third week of March, I observed these fields from a distance, and they were empty well after the last rays of sun evaporated from the horizon. Wilder still were my friend's claims that she heard cranes at 10 PM in the fields around her house on the South Table. I thought of this one evening from my blind as I watched departing cranes fly over the southern bluffs and up to the tablelands. That night, I paused by the river to meet the cranes flying over the old Lewellen Bridge. A number of travelers also waited in anticipation, many expressing their concern that there were not as many birds this year. While some cranes flew downstream, I noticed others flying south to the tablelands after the sun disappeared against the western horizon. I wondered then if my assumption about the cranes avoiding the tableland was wrong.
Sun glistens on a drying Playa hosting a fallen crane feather, among other crane impressions.
The following night my friend informed me that cranes were once again landing in her fields. She invited me out to her house and allowed me to use it as a blind so I could observe these birds myself. I arrived shortly before cranes would customarily leave their loafing grounds. As the sun gleamed against a cloudless sky, I looked out on to the many playas decorating the landscape.
Crane tracks fossilizing in a drying playa.
This landscape hints of green, promising new plant life, mourning doves cooed along to the trill of redwing blackbirds, and the western meadowlark sang. The hum and drum of distant prairie chickens exposed a far-off lek I could not see. Then from the north, crane trills joined the symphony, and I looked up to see them gliding so low they could almost land on the house. I watched them drift down into the fields to the west. Group by group, they foraged their way to the vast standing body of shallow water. As the skies darkened, the cranes positioned themselves around the fields and began a slow walk to the playas, snacking in the field along the way. Later arrivals landed directly in the water to join them.
Timelapse of cranes on playas.
From that point on, I spent at least ten nights listening to the cranes as I slept in a room that faced the playas they roosted on, and when I woke up at dawn. Just as they did years before at the bridges and on the Central Platte, these cranes broke their rest with soft trills, and began their gentle morning grooming routine. As the sun rose, cranes lifted off the roosts, sometimes as families or in groups.
Early morning in early April.
I spent several nights in this one location watching how the birds negotiated with the playas as they shrank and grew with the changing rains and weather patterns. One playa, which hosted cranes only days before, dried swiftly during a brief warm spell. As it did, cracks appeared in the ground, and crane tracks fossilized in the dry mud. As the season closed, these artifacts became the sole reminder that cranes relied on these tableland playas—at least for this year.
Long exposure of cranes at night during a mid-April storm.
One in a Million, Times Two
One day early in the season, I paused to look on to a field just north of Highway 92. I noticed a flock of cranes peeling off ground, and among them, I thought I saw a white crane with grey flecks across its wings. I lost track of it almost as soon as I saw it, and assumed I was only observing an anomaly caused by the fading sunlight.
Days later, I returned to the field, and there it was: a white sandhill crane. It was too small to be a whooping crane, and it lacked the distinguished black linings and wingtips. Instead, this white crane had the body and face of a sandhill crane, and gray feathers speckled its body as if it were some kind of aviary dalmatian. Over the next few days, I paused to get to know this crane from my car window. Frequently it walked with two others and dined with them on waste corn. Soon a slightly larger gray crane lifted its neck in a unison call. The white crane responded, tilting its head at a 45-degree angle, letting out a faintly higher pitched rattling call in pulse-like rhythms. The crane also had a protective personality. Though usually calm, it was not afraid to strike out and defend its family from other cranes who grazed too close, or picked fights. Generally speaking, the family also stayed in the field later than most of the other birds around it. At sunset, the three birds took off together to fly north somewhere beyond the river.
A leucistic crane – or 'Lucy' as I started calling it – hanging out with 2 of the 3 birds it generally wandered with.
I learned that the crane in question was leucistic. Leucism is a congenital condition where there is pigmentation loss in a creature's hair, skin, scales, cuticles or in this case, feathers. Unlike albinism, leucism does not affect the eyes, nor does it seem to have the same survivability risks. Leucism is especially rare in cranes, which meant this unique crane would give me a hint as to how long individual birds stayed on the North Platte this spring. Through careful scouting and blind-work, I also learned that this crane spent days loafing near Clear Creek on property owned by another landowner who also chose to manage his private land with cranes in mind. In late March, he allowed me to sit in one of his permanent blinds, and from there I saw this leucistic crane mingle with other birds. By April, this leucistic crane became a local celebrity. Many people asked me if I had seen the white crane, and indeed, I was fortunate enough to say yes.
The leucistic crane seen from a loafing marsh on private property between Clear Creek and Blue Creek
On April 9, I could not find the leucistic crane, though I spent a lot of time searching for her. I looked into the south field, wondering if she found a new location. There was an unusual crane there. It appeared slightly lighter than the others around it, but it wasn't as light as the leucistic crane, and was somewhat strange from the others around it. Though its head was down and busy foraging corn, its body had a different, more triangular shape with a more boxlike back and faintly darker feathers near the bustle. This bird did not have the gray flecks of feather through it like the leucistic crane, and it did not appear white. However, it intrigued me, and I lingered.
A nearby train passed, and the field of cranes lifted their heads up at attention. This bird joined them. Unlike those around it, it had a black neck, a rounder beak, and the red patch on its head was so small it was hard to distinguish.
I was observing a Eurasian crane, and I did not know how long it would stay. Though the birds were far away, I did not want to open my car door and risk scaring them. I pushed my tripod out the window and set it up from my passenger seat.
Several thoughts raced through my mind. How long did this Eurasian crane graze in the field south of our leucistic crane, and how was I the first to see it so late in the season, after most travelers had long left? Or was I the first to see it in the south field because the rare leucisitic crane no longer drew my attention to the north field? I read that leucistic cranes were perhaps the rarest cranes of them all, and yet, Eurasian cranes were a 'Code 5' on North American Rare Bird Alert's scale, indicating it is among the rarest to be seen in North America. What were the odds that these cranes would be together, just a field apart?
I could not help but feel a little sad for this Eurasian. It seemed alone and lost among the many sandhill cranes surrounding it. Unlike the leucistic, this Eurasian did not wander with a family unit. It kept to itself, foraging and interacting only when another crane got too close. At times, it looked directly at other cranes as they stared at it as if both were trying to figure out what appeared so different about the other. Cranes are highly social, and yet this crane was alone and far from its kind.
The Eurasian Crane who frequently gave other birds this 'look.'
This crane was proof that Lewellen's cranes went on to Siberia, occasionally returning with feathered strangers to this land. Like the Eurasian crane, the leucistic crane also told me something about our local crane migration. I observed this crane for five weeks, which arbitrarily suggests that at least some Blue Water cranes stage for long periods, perhaps so they can prepare for their epic journey.
Though I looked, I only saw the Eurasian crane once. After that sighting, a winter storm swept in, and many cranes left in the lead-up to the bad weather. Some returned for a short few days after the storm, including our local leucistic celebrity. However, within a few days, the fields stood empty, and the sky was void of cranes.
The last time I saw the leucistic crane for the season.
The People Who Dance with Cranes
Cranes have a dedicated fanbase. These fans primarily consist of biologists, artists, locals, avid birders, and of course, self-proclaimed 'Craniacs.' Anyone who follows these birds knows about the Craniac. These intrepid travelers make the annual pilgrimage to the Platte River to marvel at the spring sandhill crane migration. Crane lovers visit Lewellen's birds because they desire an authentic experience free of the busy tourism that inundates the Central Platte during this time of year. Some have made this journey for years, while others aspire to study cranes as biologists, writers, or photographers. Many take a keen interest in the art and lectures hosted by the Most Unlikely Place, a local art gallery and café that acts as the 'crane headquarters' in the Lewellen community. Its team of artists, musicians, and small business owners go to great lengths to welcome the sandhill cranes' followers.
Guests at the Most Unlikely Place wait for Steve Jones to talk on cranes, wetlands and the Sandhills.
Bystanders wait on the Old Lewellen Bridge for cranes to arrive to their roosts.
Like the cranes, these individuals arrive predictively. The Central Platte features many public and private locations to view birds, and conservation groups work tirelessly to ensure visitors can enjoy the birds on carefully managed landscapes. They offer enclosures at a safe distance that the birds have grown accustomed to over the years.
In Lewellen, such enclosures do not readily exist, and land carefully managed with waterfowl in mind primarily serves as a hunting ground for avid sportsmen. Therefore, the crane-loving pilgrims must congregate at the river's edge, or on bridges. In recent years even these locations have become unsuitable for visitors. A series of laws now aim to keep people from observing cranes on bridges, and while they sought to target observers on much busier Central Platte roads, their statewide enforcement implies that Lewellen's viewers must find another viewing location. Likewise, unpredictable water levels and limited viewing space along the river means that crane viewers must compete with campers, fishermen, and outdoor adventurers for a limited space of river. However, in 2019, cranes avoided such locations for their roosts.
Cranes cram into a wetland for a rainy and overcast afternoon of loafing, grazing and preening.
I do notice that when viewers flock to the old bridge, cranes glide in with trepidation in the presence of so many humans. Some circle the few sandbars before landing, and others, veering to land, decide to lift up again, flying further downriver. This year, many kept flying south over the bluffs and to the playas on the table. I cannot say whether the pilgrims trouble the cranes, but it is clear the cranes do not descend as easily as they did when I observed them. I often wonder what this experience would be like if a nearby blind was constructed or if the Lewellen Bridge offered a concealed viewing platform along its edges. Perhaps in time, the cranes would relax and land as they did near blinds and houses, accepting that viewers inside are not going to hurt them.
This year, travelers expressed disappointment that there were not as many cranes landing in this spot as there was last year. In late March, we all agreed to travel to the Highway 26 bridge to see cranes leaving a morning roost they favored in years past. This year, the cranes were far fewer in numbers and many left before they could be seen in the early morning light. Still, dialogues among locals and visitors reveal a passionate admiration for the cranes of Blue Water.
Cranes have power over many people. They have power over the 'craniacs' who follow them from staging ground to staging ground, and they manage to double, perhaps even triple, Lewellen's small population at least once a year. They have inspired myths, books, movies, art and fetes in conservation, and they compelled me to stay in Nebraska.
Spring flowers crop up in Ash Hollow, facing a marsh where the last of the season's cranes loaf.
It is no wonder that cranes inspire stories. However, one story remained elusive: the Indigenous story of the cranes before Europeans reached these plains. Upon returning to assist with the Smithsonian exhibition, I began searching for these stories. I've struggled to uncover anything. One Lakota storyteller informed me that cranes stories existed among people who lived in wetlands near the Great Lakes region, but she did not know of any along the Platte River. Other stories, primarily meant for children, referenced cranes from Asia, but they did not speak of our gray birds or the rare white whoopers.
A young crane snags some twigs from a low-laying pool of water, and later grooms with them.
It wasn't until mid-June that I heard a story from a Lakota elder Phillip Little Thunder. He was instrumental in returning the Battle of Blue Water artifacts for the sesquicentennial commemoration and has since become a close family friend. It is appropriate that he knows such stories of cranes because his family descends from the chief who fled Blue Water during the 1855 battle.
During a spontaneous reunion, Phillip kindly shared a story about a young stubborn crane that would not leave the North Platte River during the fall migration. This crane desired to stay until spring. The story carefully balances one's desire to be independent and different with the wise knowledge which has kept generations of the Lakota people, the cranes, and other animals alive throughout the seasons, and over the ages. The lesson in the story is a cautionary tale, and Phil was kind enough to share it along with his four directions song. Like the cranes, he told his story in a way that kept it relevant for the times in question. He referenced the pictures I took of the cranes as well as the horses eating grass in the nearby fields.
Months after the cranes of Blue Water turned north for the year, I had the pleasure of attending a gathering of Indigenous water protectors and like-minded women in the Black Hills of South Dakota. I heard elders speak on the importance of story in relation to the waterways we all love. I listened as the elders spoke on the healing power of stories, and the way that stories can reshape a cause and help an ecosystem survive. As I listened, my eyes wandered to a map of North America where a piece of yarn traced a general line from Siberia, down through the Bearing Straight, through Canada's western regions and into the Dakotas. Given the context, I wondered if this map showed the hypothesized migration trail of the first people who arrived to the Americas by land. But it also occurred to me that this was the current flight path of the Blue Water cranes that flew across these lands well before humankind arrived. For them, this year may not be the anomaly, but instead a norm where a slightly cooler world preserves and gives more freshwater for life to enjoy.
This migratory map shadows the overland route some of America's first people took to reach our High Plains some 14,000 years ago.
After leaving the Black Hills, I returned to Blue Water Creek to check a time-lapse camera situated across from the 1855 battlefield. I observed how the landscape had changed. In a moment of distraction, I noticed two birds fly along the horizon to the south. They were grey, had trailing legs, and had that unmistakable wingbeat of the cranes decorating the skies earlier this year. Off in the distance, I heard one trill.
Cranes kettle in an overcast sky as they prepare to head north for the season.
In late May, a local game warden reported seeing two sandhill cranes flying over Oshkosh, and last year, the same warden told me he saw two more in Bridgeport. I wondered if some cranes were staying the summer, and for days, my friend and I debated the species of these birds. The scientist in me wants more proof, a photograph, some footage, or another occurrence. However, the storyteller in me knows deep down that they are two sandhill cranes that chose to stay in Blue Water. Right now, there is far more to these birds than what we've discovered.
A feather lingers in a green field after cranes have departed for the season.
North Platte Wildlife blue creek blue water lake mac Lake McConaughy Migration north platte Sandhill cranes Spring WaterPosted on November 26, 2019
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text:
David Eustace
© David Eustace
This artwork is not available to buy as a custom print This artwork is not available to buy as a custom print
Albert Watson is a fashion photographer whose work regularly features on the covers of Vogue and Rolling Stone magazines. His advertising campaigns for international brands such as Gap and Levi's have been shown all over the world. Born in Edinburgh, Watson studied graphic design at the Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art in Dundee, before studying film and television at the Royal College of Art in London. In this portrait by fellow Scottish photographer, David Eustace, Watson finds the tables turned; he is now the subject before the camera.
see media
David EustaceScottish (born 1961)
1992 (printed 2011)
Inkjet print
Gift of the photographer July 2011
PGP 765.6
Born in Edinburgh, David Eustace served with the Royal Navy and worked as a prison guard at Barlinnie before returning to education, graduating in Photographic Studies at Edinburgh Napier University. He worked in London as a masthead contributor at Condé Nast publications and moved to New York in...
Artists by Artists | Portrait Photography
Other artworks by David Eustace

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Primeiro brasileiro com acesso aos arquivos secretos do governo Carter, Waldemar Dalenogare Neto busca analisar a base da política externa dos Estados Unidos durante o governo democrata. O foco se dá no estudo sobre a relação dos EUA com o Chile de Augusto Pinochet, em um período onde o país sul-americano period acusado de violações aos direitos humanos.
Not like another reproductions of vintage texts (1) we've not used OCR(Optical personality Recognition), as this results in undesirable caliber books with brought typos. (2) In books the place there are pictures similar to pix, maps, sketches and so on we've endeavoured to maintain the standard of those photographs, so that they signify correctly the unique artefact.
Website of the Gateway to the West, the Cumberland hole, the background of Kentucky starts the following in Bell County. Early pioneers like Thomas Walker and Daniel Boone continued the untamed wasteland and opened the door to the Bluegrass for civilizations to persist with. those that accordingly made their houses here--who eked a residing out of the rocky soil, survived civil warfare, international conflict, exertions warfare and the booms and busts of bushes and coal--have preserved this pioneering spirit.
Becoming up in castle worthy throughout the Fifties by no means lacked in pleasure for David Murph. In his memoir, Murph remembers a mischievous early life punctuated by way of adventures in using, occasional acts of unintentional arson, a couple of journey to the jailhouse, and numerous different stories. the solid of characters contains not just family and friends but in addition well-known figures corresponding to John Scopes, Bobby Morrow, and Frankie Avalon.
Thomas Kidd, a broadly revered student of colonial heritage, deftly bargains either intensity and breadth during this available, introductory textual content at the American Colonial period. Interweaving basic files and new scholarship with a vibrant narrative reconstructing the lives of ecu colonists, Africans, and local american citizens and their encounters in colonial North the USA, Kidd bargains clean views on those occasions and the interval as an entire.


The DefaultValue Post-processing function explains itself by the name (default value). This function can be used in the agents to fill any value, where any cell is by default blank or empty. For example, I have this scraping agent "DefaultValue Function Example (Post-Processing)" in my account which helps to understand the working of DefaultValue Post-processing function. This agent uses the Category field for implementing the default value in each row. If you notice the screenshot below, it clarifies very well.
If you notice the screenshot below, the Category field is updated by Default Value Post-processing function.


text:
苏州美甲
Vale Lady Flo Bjelke-Petersen
Lady Flo Bjelke-Petersen, pictured in 2013, died in Kingaroy on Wednesday. Photo: Harrison SaragossiLady Flo Bjelke-Petersen has died in her family's heartland of Kingaroy after a short illness.
In a statement, a Lutheran Services spokesman said Lady Flo died at 3.46pm on Wednesday at its Orana Aged Care Service, where she had lived since August 2014.
"She was surrounded by her family and loved ones including her sister Margaret Gilmour," he said.
"We safely entrust her into the hands of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ.
"Until recently she actively participated as organist for church within the Orana community and other aged care facilities in Kingaroy."
Lady Flo, famous for her pumpkin scones, served as a Nationals senator in Canberra from 1981 to 1993 and was the wife of Queensland's longest-serving premier, Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen.
Funeral arrangements were yet to be advised. Sir Joh died in 2005, aged 94.
Lady Flo and Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen, with her trademark scones.Photo: Fairfax archives
Tributes have started flowing for Lady Flo with the Premier,Annastacia Palaszczuk, and Opposition Leader Deb Frecklington, among the first to publicly express theircondolences.
"On behalf of all Queenslanders, I want to express my sorrow and send my condolences to the family ofLady Florence "Flo" Bjelke-Petersen, upon reports of her death at 97 years," the Premier said.
"Lady Flo, as she is fondly known, was the wife of Queensland's longest serving Premier Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen and brought her passions for cooking – those famous pumpkin scones – family and faith to the fore during Sir Joh's 19-year service as Premier and 40-year service as a Member of Parliament.
"They were a loving couple and a formidable political pairing.
"Lady Flo represented Queensland in her own right serving as Senator from 1981 to 1993, and supporting many local and state-wide causes."
Ms Frecklington saidLady Flo was "an outstanding and much-loved Queenslander who made a wonderful contribution to the community of Kingaroy, Queensland and ".
"As a Senator for Queensland for 12 years, Lady Flo worked tirelessly for the betterment of rural and regional Queensland.
"She led a very full and successful life and was so-loved for her kindness, her genuine concern and care for others, her common sense and down-to-earth approach to life.
"Rest-in-peace Lady Flo. You were a rock of our community and will be sadly missed and lovingly remembered. I will always cherish your support and guidance."
How riding to work is becoming a pursuit of the wealthy
Meet the inner-city urbanites going off the grid
Tabcorp flags global gambling expansion after $11b Tatts tie-up
NAB, Clydesdale face lawsuit over tailored business loans
Report inaction shows government cowed by pokie industry
Dangers in Scott Morrison's corporate tax argument
Business will abandon China while we are at the beach, warns Morrison
Copyright © 2020 苏州美甲美睫培训学校


100 books this year sounds fantastic. I need to remain diligent with my reading. I aspire to get your level.
I hear you on #5. We're desperately in need of a new couch and furniture, but -- we just can't bring ourselves to spend the $. We probably will, though, in 2018.


text:
2-{[(2-{3-[(4-{Ethyl[3-(vinylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino}-6-fluoro-heteromonocycle-2-yl)amino]-2- (hydroxy-O)phenyl}hydrazono-N2)(phenyl)methyl]diazenyl-N1}benzoato(6-)-O]cuprate(4-) sodium salt, polysulfo
EC number: - | CAS number: -
Assessment of the Toxicokinetic behaviour of (2-(((2-(3-((4-((3-(ethenylsulfonyl)phenyl)(ethyl)amino)-6-fluoro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-2-(hydroxy-κO)-phenyl)(phenyl)-benzoato(6-)-κO), heterocyclo, polysulfonato, sodium salt
The test substance represents an organic dye based on a sulfobenzoato-cuprate sodium salt with a purity of 40 – 85% (main constituent: 54.3 – 57.8%). Impurities are inorganic (calcium sulfate (approx. 0.8%), sodium chloride (0.59 – 0.63%), sodium fluoride (0.47 – 1.07%), sodium sulfate (10.12 – 12.48%) and disodium hydrogenphosphate (2.93 – 4.15%)) and organic compounds (unknown uncoloured organic by-product (0.6 – 0.8%), unknown coloured organic by-product (2.39 – 3.31%) and known coloured by-products (16.26 – 17.29%)). Unsulfonated aromatic amines including diverse anilin derivates were not detected in concentrations > 1ppm. All known organic by-products possess chemical structures pretty similar to the main component and are therefore considered to exhibit similar toxicokinetic properties. For further details, please refer to chapter 1.2 in the CSR (Composition of the substance) and IUCLID chapter 1.2 and 1.4 respectively.
In accordance with Regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Annex VIII, Column 1, Item 8.8 and with Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.7c: Endpoint specific guidance (ECHA, 2012), assessment of the toxicokinetic behavior of (2-(((2-(3-((4-((3-(ethenylsulfonyl)phenyl)(ethyl)amino)-6-fluoro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-2-(hydroxy-κO)-phenyl)(phenyl)-benzoato(6-)-κO), heterocyclo, polysulfonato, sodium salt was conducted to the extent that can be derived from the relevant available information including physicochemical and toxicological characteristics.
The test substance is a dark blue powder consisting of several constituents with molecular weights ranging from 42 to 1064.84 g/mol (Müller and Bollinger, 2011a, b), high water solubility (> 10 000 mg/L at 20°C, Mollandin, 2011b) and a log Pow < 0.3 at 25°C (Mollandin, 2011a). No signs of melting were detected up to a temperature of 400 °C (Fieseler, 2011a). The vapour pressure was estimated to be < 1E-10 Pa at 20 °C (Meinerling, 2012) and the dissociation constant (pKa) was determined as 7.783 (titration with 0.01 M NaOH at 20°C) and 6.716 (titration with 0.01 M HCL at 20 °C) (Fieseler, 2011b) resulting in the "free acid" at physiologic pH.
Absorption of a substance depends on the potential to diffuse across biological membranes, a process determined by the molecular weight, the log Pow and water solubility (ECHA, 2012).
Oral:
The smaller the molecule, the more easily it will be taken up. In general, substances with molecular weights below 500 and log Pow values between -1 and 4 are favorable for oral absorption via passive diffusion in the gastro-intestinal tract (ECHA, 2012). Highly hydrophilic substances dissolve easily in the gastrointestinal fluid and passive diffusion through biological membranes is limited by the rate at which the substance partitions out of the gastrointestinal fluids (ECHA, 2012). Thus, in regard to the physicochemical properties, oral absorption of the main constituent and organic impurities of the test substance in the gastrointestinal tract is expected to be low due to its molecular weight of 1064.84 (saturated sodium salt) and the high water solubility. In contrast, the moderate log Pow indicates that passive diffusion across biological membranes might be possible. Subacute and reproductive toxicity studies provide evidence that the test substance has been absorbed after oral ingestion which is indicated by colored organs including tissues and organs like kidney, testes, epididymides, liver and the skin (Allingham 2014; Schleh, 2012). Considering the physiocochemical properties, absorption via active transport mechanisms seems most likely. Absorption of the inorganic impurities cannot be excluded as passage of small, water-soluble molecules like ions or carriage of ionic species with the passage of water is possible through aqueous pores (ECHA, 2012). Moreover, transport via ion channels and/or active transport mechanisms is possible for the inorganic impurities like sodium, calcium, sulfate, chloride and phosphate ionic species.
Overall, despite the physicochemical characteristics which in general impede absorption via passive diffusion, the available toxicity data indicate systemic bioavailability of the main constituent and/or coloured organic by-products of the test substance after oral ingestion. Furthermore, absorption of inorganic impurities is considered likely. In general, absorption of the test substance after repeated oral administration is considered to be associated with low systemic toxicity and the absence of adverse effects in the target organs of absorption.
Dermal:
Dermal absorption correlates with molecular size: small molecules may be taken up more easily than bigger molecules. In general, a molecular weight < 100 favors dermal absorption, whereas molecules of molecular weights > 500 may be too large (ECHA, 2012). Moreover, dermal absorption is favorable for substances with a log Pow value between 1 and 4, whereas lower log Pow values (<0) suggest a lipophilicity which is not sufficient for transfer between the stratum corneum and the epidermis (ECHA, 2012). Furthermore, a substance must be sufficiently soluble in water to diffuse from the stratum corneum into the epidermis. However, if the water solubilty is above 10 000 mg/L and the log Pow below 0, the substance may be too hydrophilic to cross the stratum corneum (ECHA, 2012). With a molecular weight of 1064.84 (saturated sodium salt), a high water solubility (> 10 000 mg/L at 20°C) and a log Pow value < 0.3, dermal absorption of the main constituent is expected to be rather negligible. However, (2-(((2-(3-((4-((3-(ethenylsulfonyl)phenyl)(ethyl)amino)-6-fluoro-1,3,5-triazin- 2-yl)amino)-2-(hydroxy-κO)-phenyl)(phenyl)-benzoato(6-)-κO), heterocyclo, polysulfonato, sodium salt exhibits skin sensitizing properties which indicate that at least a small fraction of the applied dose is able to penetrate the skin.
Using the OECD toolbox (Vs 2.3), the main constituent and one potential skin metabolite were identified as potential skin sensitizers due to protein binding most probably based on Michael Addition reactions. However, it has to be considered that dermal absorption of the main constituent, the respective skin metabolite and organic by-products is impeded by their chemical state as dry particulates first have to dissolve into the surface moisture of the skin before dermal uptake can occur (ECHA, 2012). In regard to the low molecular weight (<40 – 150 g/mol) and the water solubility (2.1 – 359 g/L) of the inorganic compounds, moderate dermal absorption is expected in general for the inorganic impurities. However, the ionic character of the inorganic constituents may hinder dermal absorption.
Overall, in regard to the physicochemical properties (high water solubility, high molecular weight (>100) and moderate log Pow value), dermal absorption of the main constituent and organic impurities of the test substance is considered unlikely. However, due to skin sensitising properties, penetration of the main constituent and skin metabolites cannot be excluded. Furthermore, dermal absorption of the inorganic constituents is expected to a low extent.
Inhalation:
In dependence to the physical state, respiratory absorption of the test substance after inhalation of dust cannot be excluded. In general, particles with aerodynamic diameters < 100μm have the potential to be inhaled by humans. Particles with aerodynamic diameters < 50μm may reach the thoracic region and those < 15μm the alveolar region of the respiratory tract (ECHA, 2012). A particle size distribution of 58.3 (D10) – 271.9 µm (D90) leading to a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 137.2 ± 1.81 indicates that a minor proportion of particles is of inhalable size which may reach the thoracic and/or alveolar region (< 100µm: < 34%, < 50µm: < 8% and < 15 µm: < 1%) (Smeykal, 2012). However, depositions on the surface of the respiratory tract at the thoracic and/or alveolar region and absorption of the test substance have to be differentiated (ECHA, 2012). In general, substances may be absorbed directly from the respiratory tract via transfer through the epithelial membranes or through clearance mechanisms via mucociliary transport and subsequent swallowing which may result in gastrointestinal absorption (ECHA, 2012).
Transfer from the respiratory tract into the blood leading to systemic bioavailability is considered as likely for the main component, the organic by-products and the inorganic impurities due to their particle sizes, ionic character and high water solubility. Moreover, systemic absorption may be possible for the main component, the organic by-product and the inorganic impurities after mucociliary transport followed by swallowing and subsequent absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, deposition of inhaled particles on the respiratory surface has to be considered when endogenous clearance mechanisms are overloaded.
Overall, deposition and systemic bioavailability of the test substance after inhalation of dust is likely possible.
Distribution and Accumulation:
Distribution within the body depends on physicochemical characteristics of a substance including molecular weight, lipophilicity and water solubility. In general, the smaller the molecule, the wider is the distribution. Log Pow values > 0 indicate distribution into cells and fatty tissues (ECHA, 2012). High hydrophilicity may impede distribution due to the impact on the diffusion rate (ECHA, 2012).
In regard to the physicochemical properties (high molecular weight and high water solubility), a wide distribution of the main constituent and organic by-products throughout the body is expected to be impeded. However, coloring of several organs, the skin and the urine determined in subacute and reproductive toxicity tests after oral administration (Allingham 2014; Schleh, 2012) provides evidence that the main component and at least coloring organic by-products are absorbed in the gastro-intestinal tract followed by transport to the liver and subsequent distribution via the blood system to internal organs to a substantial amount. Moreover, clinical signs of toxicity including reduced salivation, spontaneous activity, constricted abdomen, bradykinesia, catalepsis, recumbency, ophistotonos and eye closure determined after in the in vivo MNT test (Hofman-Hüther, 2012) indicate systemic distribution of FAT 40853. As the inorganic compounds represent small water soluble ions which are most probably able to diffuse through pores and aqueous channels, systemic distribution within the body is expected especially because sodium, calcium, sulfate, chloride and phosphate ions are involved in several physiological processes. Moreover, active transport mechanisms and/or transfer via ion channels may facilitate transport of the inorganic constituents through membranes.
Accumulation of the main constituent, organic and inorganic impurities is not expected due to the high water solubility.
Thus, distribution of the constituents of the test substance throughout the body seems feasible whereas accumulation is considered unlikely.
No data are available to evaluate metabolism of the main compound and organic by-products of FAT 40853. Regarding the chemical structure of the main component and organic by-products, the exocyclic fluor atom, the carbonyl and the amino group may represent reactive groups which enable dehalogenation, hydrolysis and cleavage at the amino group. Moreover, oligomeric structures may be formed after hydrolysation due to addition-, substitution- and /or condensation reactions. Using the OECD toolbox (Vs. 2.3), only 2, 3 or 6 potential metabolites were identified for the main constituent with the skin, liver and hydrolysis simulator, respectively. Analysis with the microbial metabolism simulator provided 364 potential metabolites originated from the main constituent. However, the presence of several exocyclic sulfonyl groups and the high water solubility most probably enable gastrointestinal dissolution and absorption and subsequent elimination of the non-metabolised main constituent via the urine and may therefore hinder further chemical reactions. Furthermore, metabolism of inorganic constituents is not expected to occur.
In general, characteristics favorable for urinary excretion are low molecular weight, good water solubility and ionization of the molecule at pH of urine. In contrast, molecules with a high molecular weight are excreted in the bile (ECHA, 2012). Moreover, elimination via the feces is generally favored for non-absorbed substances. Taken these aspects into account in combination with the blue colored urine determined after repeated oral administrations and intraperitoneal injection (Allingham, 2014; Hofman-Hüther, 2012), excretion of the main constituent and organic bye-products via the urine is likely after absorption whereas elimination of the non-absorbed fraction may occur via the feces. Due to the high water solubility, the ionic character and the small molecular size, inorganic constituents are most probably eliminated via the urine.
References (not included in Iuclid)
ECHA. 2012. Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment – Chapter 7c: Endpoint specific guidance.European Chemicals Agency, Helsinki
Smeykal, 2012. Particle size distribution (including amendment to report No. 20120128.02), Siemens AG, Frankfurt am Main
Müller and Bollinger, 2011a. Report on the Analytical Certificate of FAT 40853/A TE. Huntsman Textile Effects, Basel
Müller and Bollinger, 2011b. Report on the Analytical Certificate of FAT 40853/B TE.Huntsman Textile Effects, Basel


text:
Сава Хенція (,  1 лютого 1848 Себешел, Австрійська імперія —  21 вересня 1904, Себешел, Австро-Угорщина) — румунський художник, ілюстратор та стінописець.

Біографія
Хенція народився в селі Себешел, в родині священика. 1862 року після закінчення початкової освіти, його віддали в помічники дядькові, який навчив його ретушуванню світлин. Наступного року він підхопив черевний тиф, який лікували хініном, який дав ускладнення на його слух.

Робота зі світлинами надихнула його продовжити свою діяльність в мистецтві. З 1865 по 1870 рік навчався в Бухарестському національному університеті мистецтв у Георге Татареску та Теодора Амана. Після цього отримав стипендію у Французькій академії витончених мистецтв та влаштувався працювати до престижної майстерні Александра Кабанеля. 1873 року повернувся до Бухареста та став вчителем малювання та каліграфії в притулку для сиріт Елени Доамни.

Чотири року потому, за рекомендацією доктора Кароля Давила, він став кореспондентом в медичних армійських корпусах та брав участь в Російсько-турецькій війні. В цей період йому вдалося намалювати багато баталій та битв, багато з яких він згодом переніс на акварель. Його картина артилерійської битви під Калафатом була зображена на поштовій марці 1977 року.

Після війни працював вчителем, оздоблювальником та ілюстратором книг. В період між 1901 та 1902 роками був обраний одним із тих, хто відновлював панно та розписи в монастирі Бребу. В монастирі Черніца писав портрети його засновників.

Пам'ять
 Його будинок в Себешелі був історичною пам'яткою. Проте 2001 року обвалився дах і влада зняла будинок з переліку пам'яток.
 Одна з вулиць Бухареста названа на його честь

Вибрані картини

Примітки

Посилання
Роботи Хенції
Шедевр Сами Хенції

Румунські художники
Художники-портретисти
Художники XIX століття

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Le Founders Park (anciennement Carolina Stadium), est un stade de baseball de  places situé au bord de la rivière Congaree à Columbia dans l'État de Caroline du Sud. Il est officiellement inauguré le 21 février 2009. C'est le domicile des Gamecocks de la Caroline du Sud, club de baseball de l'université de Caroline du Sud.

Histoire

Le stade a coûté 35,6 millions de dollars. La rencontre inaugurale du Carolina Stadium se déroule le 21 février 2009, les Gamecocks de la Caroline du Sud affrontent les Dukes de Duquesne devant une foule de  spectateurs. Les Gamecocks remportent la rencontre par un score de 13-0.

Le record d'affluence du stade est établie, le 21 mai 2010, lorsque  spectateurs lors d'une rencontre entre les Gamecocks de la Caroline du Sud et les Gators de la Floride.

Le 22 octobre 2015 est signé un partenariat avec la société Founders Federal Credit Union. Le stade prend le nom de Founders Park, appliquant un naming de 10 ans, et devient seulement le troisième stade universitaire de baseball des États-Unis à signer un parrainage.

Galerie

Références

Équipement sportif achevé en 2009
Stade de baseball en Caroline du Sud
Équipement sportif universitaire aux États-Unis
Founders
Sport à Columbia (Caroline du Sud)
Gamecocks de la Caroline du Sud


text:
Electric Mini available next year
The Mini Cooper SE battery electric vehicle will go on sale in 2020, according to Ars Technica. The manufacturer specified range of 148-167 miles will more likely be 150 miles between charges, and it has a 181 hp motor. From Ars Technica: Throughout Mini's 60-year history, the brand has always been about small front-wheel-drive cars, and that continues here. In this case, the front wheels are going to be driven by a 181hp (135kW), 199lb-ft (270Nm) electric motor, powered by a 32.6kWh lithium-ion battery pack. To avoid compromising the Mini's diminutive form factor, the battery pack is T-shaped, and apparently there's no reduction in cargo volume as a result. Image: Mini ...
The electric Mini is going into production; deliveries start early 2020
It looks like any other Mini Cooper, but the Mini Cooper SE is a new battery electric vehicle version of the zippy little hatchback. [credit: Mini ] Toward the end of June,...
Ars Technica 2019-07-09
The new MINI Cooper SE.
Urban mobility with purely electric drive can now also be experienced in hallmark MINI style. The new MINI Cooper SE (combined fuel consumption: 0.0 l/100 km; combined...
Wraps come off new electric Mini set to hit Irish showrooms next spring
The dashboard of the MINI EV The car clips from zero to 60km an hour in 3.9 seconds Eddie Cunningham Twitter July 10 2019 2:30 AM 0 Comments Wraps come off new electric...
Irish Independent 2019-07-10
Iconic Mini becomes fully electric for first time in 60-year history
The iconic Mini has become fully electric as it enters its seventh decade of production. The Mini Cooper SE runs on lithium-ion battery - without limiting boot space - and...
RTE 2019-07-09
The Mini Electric is launched - and its first fully battery powered car will be ...
The first all-electric Mini has been launched – and is being built in Britain exactly sixty years after its original predecessor revolutionised small car motoring. The British car maker, owned by Germany's BMW, hopes the new battery-powered Mini will electrify the market as much as the original, which became a symbol of the swinging sixties that was equally at home outside a...
Mini reveals Cooper SE electric car and it\'s coming to SA
Munich - Mini has pulled the covers off its first mass production electric car, and it's coming to South Africa, albeit in limited volumes, with the first units expected to touch down in the first quarter of 2021. The Mini Cooper SE is powered by a front-mounted electric motor that produces 135kW and 270Nm, and is fed by 12 lithium ion batteries mounted in the vehicle's floor,...
Independent online (SA)
Revealed: The first official pictures and everything you need to know about the new electric Mini
The dashboard of the MINI EV The car clips from zero to 60km an hour in 3.9 seconds Eddie Cunningham Twitter July 10 2019 2:30 AM 0 Comments Revealed: The first official pictures and everything you need to know about the new electric Mini Independent.ie These are first official pictures, details and prices of the new electric Mini....
Mass Market Mini BEV Finally Arrives
After a decade of global trials of an all-electric Mini, the first mass market BEV has been revealed at its Oxford plant in the UK. Planned for deliveries in the first quarter of 2020, the new Mini Electric is expected to draw on the extensive trials begun by the brands owner, BMW, starting with the Mini E way back in 2009. It claims to draw on the brand's original qualities...
Tu Automotive
Niu Technologies\' Price Weakness An Opportunity - First Mover Advantage In Key Urban Mobility Markets
1Q19 Results Underappreciated by the Market Since Niu Technologies (NASDAQ:NIU) announced their 1Q19 results, the Company's share price has continued trending downwards despite the operational progress management has made. We believe the market is underappreciating NIU's progress specifically on two points: NIU strengthening its foothold in key markets China and Europe while...
The Engineer drives: SWIND E Classic – The power of retro
Old meets new, with this thoroughly re-engineered take on Sir Alec Issigonis's iconic design, writes Chris Pickering The car is considerably closer to an original Mini than BMW's modern version The internal combustion engine's days may soon be numbered. At least that's the stark warning given by politicians who are seeking to ban the sale of petrol and diesel cars in the UK by...


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Since its inception in 2007, the Lake Erie football team has played its home games at Jack Britt Memorial Stadium, which is also the home of the Harvey High School Red Raiders. "The Britt" hosted the first varsity football contest in Lake Erie College history on Aug. 28, 2009 against Gannon University. After replacement of the visiting bleachers prior to the 2011 season, current seating capacity for the stadium is 3,000, with standing-room capacity over 5,000.
In early 2010, the partnership announced plans for the installation of a synthetic playing surface on the current site, which will allow for increased usage of the facility and provided Storm student-athletes with one of the finest playing surfaces in the country. The new turf, a Prograss Monofilament surface with sand and rubber infill, was installed in the Summer of 2010.
With the installation of the new playing surface, Storm soccer and lacrosse teams are now able to host games at Britt Stadium. The 2010-11 season was the first that those teams used the facility as their primary site for home contests. Previously the men's and women's lacrosse teams played at Perry High School's Alumni Stadium and the soccer teams used Slattery Field on campus exclusively.


Entries are now open for the Sandy Smith Memorial Photo Competition, ahead of the exhibition during Gulgong's Henry Lawson Festival.
The Cudgegong Camera Club is calling for entries to its annual photographic competition, the Sandy Smith Memorial.
Staged as part of the Henry Lawson Festival in Gulgong on the long weekend in June, the competition is open to photographers of all calibres. Photos can be entered into a range of categories including Landscape, Nature, People, Creative and Travel (a section created in honour of CCC past president and keen traveller, Sandy Smith).
Each year one of the categories is dedicated to a particular theme and this year it is 'After Dark', an open topic that allows for various interpretations.
Thanks to generous sponsorship by Goree Park a total of $1000 prize money is on offer, with $100 being awarded to the first place in all adult classes.
Closing date for entries is May 31 and the exhibition will open on the evening of June 7.


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Photo added by William Bjornstad
John James Ingalls
Middleton Colony, Essex County, Massachusetts, USA
16 Aug 1900 (aged 66)
Las Vegas, San Miguel County, New Mexico, USA
Mount Vernon Cemetery
Atchison, Atchison County, Kansas, USA
R30-BL166
6353643 · View Source
Republican U.S. Senator 1873-1891. Member state constitutional convention 1859. Secretary of the Territorial council 1860. Secretary of the State Senate 1861. During the civil war, served as judge advocate of the Kansas Volunteers. Member State Senate 1862. Unsuccessful candidate for Lt. Governor of Kansas in 1862 and 1864. Elected as a Representative to the US Senate in 1872. Reelected in 1879 and in 1885.
Elias Theodore Ingalls
Eliza C. Chase Ingalls
Anna Louise Chesebrough Ingalls
Robert Morris Ingalls
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Clara Perley Ingalls
Sheffield Ingalls
Muriel Ingalls Davis
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Find A Grave Memorial 6353643
Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed ), memorial page for John James Ingalls (29 Dec 1833–16 Aug 1900), Find A Grave Memorial no. 6353643, citing Mount Vernon Cemetery, Atchison, Atchison County, Kansas, USA ; Maintained by Find A Grave .
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The largest area of application of NMR is in medical diagnosis. In this area, the technology is usually referred to as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The principle of MRI is identical to that of the use of NMR in chemical analysis. Essentially, the different materials in the body resonate at different frequencies depending on their chemical compositions. Position information is obtained by using an external magnetic field which varies with position, so that resonance at a particular frequency with a given substance, such as fatty tissue, will occur only at a particular position or set of positions within the body. The resonant response is then analyzed and displayed using a computer.
Grant, David, and Robin Harris. Encyclopedia of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. New York: Wiley, 2003.
Hewitt, Paul. Conceptual Physics. New York: Prentice Hall, 2001.
Slichter, Charles P. Principles of Magnetic Resonance. New York: Harper Row, 1963.
Naeye, Robert. "Magnetic Field Goal." Discover (June 1995): 128.
Pake, George E. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Bulk Matter." Physics Today (October 1993): 46.
Ramsey, Norman F. "Early Magnetic Resonance Experiments: Roots and Offshoots." Physics Today (October 1993): 40.
—Rotational momentum; resistance to change in rotation rate.
—The small, dense, central portion of an atom.
—Motion similar to that of a gyroscope; the precession of rotation axis.
—The process in which a changing magnetic field causes electric current.
—The strength of a magnetized object.
—A smooth vibrational motion or change.
—A systematic change in the direction of a rotation axis.
—The enhancement of the response of a system to a force, when that force is applied at a particular frequency known as the resonant frequency.


Alice Wingwall, photographs of chairs.
It is with that introduction that Gualala Arts is pleased to present an exhibit of Alice Wingwall's "Chairs for All Reasons" in the Elaine Jacob Foyer during May. Opening Reception is Friday, May 3, from 5 pm to 7 pm at Gualala Arts.
We must stand to see what they can do. Shoes need to be comforted as they rest, large bowls find places to be that are other than a table. Her exhibition will include 8 or 10 chairs given new lives: among them a winged chair, an open wing chair, a feathered chair, a framing chair and marker chairs.
Chairs can laugh, converse, gather together, and some may stack or take off slightly from the ground. The work is three dimensional, the materials are plastic and wood chairs with additions of paper, rope, copper pieces, photographs and inscriptions. They range in size from one chair to deckchair to chairs combined.


Australia is home to the largest coral reef in the entire world. It is so important, it's actually considered one of the seven wonders of the world. It has 1,500 different species of fish and is home to endangered species, and what's more it harbors organisms that recycle carbon dioxide. In other words, it plays an integral role in keeping the environment as we know it. Sadly, the rising temperatures of the seas along with coral bleaching due to acid, has been rapidly killing most of the organisms living in the Great Barrier. Today, it's actually half its original size, and scientists expect it to be gone by 2030.
The Dead Sea draws its waters from the River Jordan which is greatly threatened by climate change. The Jordan River is in one of the most water-poor locations of the entire world, and the rising of averages all over the world, is only making it dry out faster. To further complicate things, the Jordan River is one of the few sources of water a lot of people in the area can count on. But its exploitation has meant that in the last 40 years, the Dead Sea has already sunk 80 feet and is a third of what it used to be. Scientists have estimated that it could completely dry out in as little as 50 years.
The Amazon is the largest rainforest and it comprises at least 40% of South America. It harbors an intensely diverse ecosystem filled with exotic animals, large bodies of water, and even some native tribes that still call the rainforest home. However, one of the key ingredients making this ecosystem work, is rain. The trees and wildlife need constant water, and if dry seasons last anywhere from 5 to 7 months, entire areas could start to die. Right now, thanks to climate change, dry seasons are clocking in barely below that.
This world-famous mountain range has been in the bucket list of every skier in the world for ages. Skiers seek it because of its many long slopes (it stretches across eight countries so there's no shortage). But, every year skiers have less and less time to enjoy themselves. The higher temperatures around the world have contributed to a lot of snowmelt, so the snow season gets shorter and shorter every year. All these destinations are bound to disappear at the pace the world is going. Tragically, as an individual, there's very little you can do. Even becoming completely sustainable and doing everything you can to decrease your environmental footprint won't do much if governments and businesses don't step in soon. All you can do, is visit them before there's nothing left to see.


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Adrian Klemm Blaine Stewart Danny Smith Eddie Faulkner Garrett Giemont James Daniel James Saxon Jerry Olsavsky Joey Porter John Mitchell Karl Dunbar Keith Butler Mike Tomlin Randy Fichtner Ray Sherman Shaun Sarrett Teryl Austin Tom Bradley
Tom Bradley
Defensive Backs Coach
College: Penn State
Tom Bradley is entering his second season as the Steelers' defensive backs coach and his second year in the National Football League coaching ranks. He was hired on February 8, 2018. In his first season as the Steelers' defensive backs coach, in 2018, Bradley helped a defensive unit that ranked 10th among all NFL teams in opponent net passing yards per game allowed (231.1), in addition to being a part of a defense that ranked sixth in the NFL in total defense, yielding 327.2 yards per game, while allowing only five quarterbacks to throw for 300 passing yards or more against Pittsburgh.
Bradley brings more than 35 years of coaching experience from the collegiate level – including more than 30 years from the sidelines at Penn State University – to the Steelers.
Tom Bradley is entering his second season as the Steelers' defensive backs coach and his second year in the National Football League coaching ranks. He was hired on February 8, 2018.
In his first season as the Steelers' defensive backs coach, in 2018, Bradley helped a defensive unit that ranked 10th among all NFL teams in opponent net passing yards per game allowed (231.1), in addition to being a part of a defense that ranked sixth in the NFL in total defense, yielding 327.2 yards per game, while allowing only five quarterbacks to throw for 300 passing yards or more against Pittsburgh.
Cornerback Joe Haden led the Steelers with two interceptions in 2018. Third-year player Sean Davis transitioned to the free safety position in 2018 and finished with a team high in tackles for the second consecutive year with 79 stops. Five different members of Bradley's secondary –Haden, Terrell Edmunds, Davis, Mike Hilton and Cameron Sutton – each recorded at least one interception in 2018.
Edmunds, the team's first-round draft choice in 2018, 28th overall, appeared in each of the team's 16 regular-season games and made 15 starts. He tallied 73 total tackles (52 solo) and received the "Joe Greene Great Performance Award" given annually to the Steelers' top rookie as selected by the Pittsburgh Chapter of Pro Football Writers.
Bradley owns more than 35 years of coaching experience at the collegiate level – including more than 30 years from the sidelines at Penn State University.
A native of Johnstown, Pa., Bradley most recently served as the defensive coordinator at the University of California, Los Angeles from 2015-17. In 2017, the Bruins' secondary yielded 196.3 passing yards per game – the second-best average in the Pac-12 conference. Bradley's defensive unit allowed 4.9 yards per play in each of his first two years at UCLA – ranking as the lowest mark in the Pac-12 in 2015, and tied as the second-best average in the conference in 2016 while allowing the fewest touchdown passes (12) in the same season. In 2016, the Bruins' defense ranked 12th in the nation in defensive efficiency.
Before joining UCLA in 2015, Bradley spent the 2014 season as the Senior Associate Head Coach at West Virginia University and oversaw the team's defensive line.
Bradley spent more than 30 years on the coaching staff at Penn State prior to his time at West Virginia. He served as the Nittany Lion's defensive coordinator from 2000-11 and as interim head coach in 2011.
The Nittany Lion's defense ranked in the top 15 in six consecutive seasons in total defense and scoring defense from 2004-09 under Bradley's guidance. Penn State held 53 of its 88 opponents to 17 points or fewer from 2004-11, including a stretch of 10 games during the 2009 season. During the eight-year span from 2004-11, Bradley's defense finished in the top 10 nationally in points allowed seven times and in the top 20 in the nation in total defense seven times. The 2008 Nittany Lion's defensive unit was one of only four in the nation to rank in the top 10 in rushing, total and scoring defense while leading the Big Ten in both rushing and total defense.
Bradley helped guide Penn State to 13 double-figure win seasons, 20 years with at least nine wins and 27 bowl appearances, including the 1982 and 1986 national championships. Bradley was tabbed Rivals Defensive Coordinator in 2008 and named the Associated Press Defensive Coordinator of the Year in 2005.
In his career, Bradley has coached 20 All-Americans, 67 All-Conference Players and over 50 student-athletes reach the National Football League.
Bradley, a member of the Penn State football team from 1975-78, earned letters in his final two seasons in which the Nittany Lions compiled a 22-2 record. In 1978, Penn State earned a berth in the National Championship game vs. Alabama, and appearances in the 1975 and 1979 Sugar Bowls, the 1976 Gator Bowl and the 1977 Fiesta Bowl. Bradley has been to 35 Bowl Games as a player and coach during his collegiate career.
Bradley earned his degree in business in 1979 and a Master's in sports administration from Penn State in 1986. He served as a graduate assistant in 1979 at Penn State and became a full-time coach in 1980.
Bradley is a graduate of Bishop McCort (Johnstown, Pa.) High School and is an inductee in the Cambria County Sports Hall of Fame for his accomplishments in football, basketball and track and field as a prep student-athlete. He was inducted into the Western Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame in May of 2014. Bradley was honorary chair of the 2006 Pennsylvania Special Olympics State Summer Games. He was inducted into the Pittsburgh Hall of Fame in 2015, and is one of four football coaches to receive the honor. From 2012-13, Bradley spent two years as a football color analyst at CBS and ESPN.
Special Teams/RC
Wide Receivers/Special Teams/RC
Outside Linebackers/Special Teams
Defensive Coordinator/Cornerbacks
Interim Head Coach
Senior Associate Head Coach/Defensive Line
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA
2018-19* Pittsburgh Steelers
Defensive Backs*
Seeking consistency
Steelers working to get more from Artie Burns more often


Prepare yourself for a new deluge of high-pitched voices and endless, addictive quoting, internet folks, because Monty Python is coming to Netflix. Not in drabs or drips, either; according to Deadline, the streaming service has apparently signed a deal for every single silly-walking, brilliantly absurdist minute of the beloved British comedy troupe's work, including movies, the TV series, and videos of their various live shows.
First up, of course, will be the films, including Holy Grail and Life Of Brian. U.S. fans will have to wait a little longer to start shouting "Ni" at each other, though, because, while Netflix subscribers in the U.K. and Canada will get the movies next month, the Stateside deals are going to take a little longer. When it comes, though, it'll apparently be pretty much all of it: Flying Circus, Meaning Of Life, the documentary Monty Python Conquers America, plus more recent material, like the 2014 live show Monty Python Live (Mostly). There's no exact word on when all the Python content will arrive in the U.S., but you'll presumably know that it's happened when we start hearing the inescapable rising sound of "funny" college students reciting the Dead Parrot sketch back and forth at each other, over and over again.