text:
HFB est un sigle qui peut désigner :
 Hamburger Flugzeugbau, une société de construction aéronautique allemande ;
 HFB 320, un biréacteur d'affaires ailes médianes, de la compagnie Hamburger Flugzeugbau ;
 hexafluorobenzène, un composé chimique de formule  ;
 hexafluoro-2-butyne, un fluorocarbure de formule chimique .

 est un code qui peut désigner :
 diborure d'hafnium, une céramique constituée d'hafnium et de bore et de formule chimique .

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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I am researching the Hayden family. John Henry Hayden's father came over from Ireland during the potato famine, but I do not have his name. John Henry was the conductor for the Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra during his lifetime. He had a son George Hayden who is a musician. John Henry married Olga Mary Hawthorne.


text:
Q: Rails cancancan user sees own order, admin can see all users orders controller.rb
load_and_authorize_resource

  # GET /orders or /orders.json
  def index
    if params[:user_id]
      @orders = current_user.orders
    else
      @orders = Order.all
    end
  end

ability.rb
    if user.user_role?

      can :manage, Order, :user_id => user.id

    end

Trying to get normal users to only see their own orders/posts and the admin role users can see all users' posts/orders.
What am I missing? I'm using cancancan and devise.

A: I figured it out:
  def index
    if current_user.superadmin_role?
      @orders = Order.all
    else
      @orders = current_user.orders
    end
  end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Health Informatics Group
IntelliScreen
Combining Artificial Intelligence and Applied Epidemiology to enhance Cancer Screening (IntelliScreen)
In this study the team seek to bring together three areas of expertise under the umbrella of the Sir James Mackenzie Institute for Early Diagnosis; clinical, epidemiological and computer science (artificial intelligence) with the aim of designing a system that maximizes the number of cancers found early whilst minimizing unnecessary investigation which is a nuisance for patients and a burden on the NHS.
© 2022 University of St Andrews is a charity registered in Scotland, No SC013532.
School of Computer Science, Jack Cole Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SX, Scotland, UK.
Telephone: +44 (0)1334 463253, Email: admin-cs@st-andrews.ac.uk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
By Isabelle Kirkwood Canadian Startup News July 27, 2020
Senate passes changes to 75 percent wage subsidy
The Liberal Party of Canada's proposed changes to the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) passed in the Senate Monday. The new changes extend the program to the end of the year and make the subsidy proportional to revenue declines, meaning a business with any revenue decline, regardless of revenue decline percentage, will be eligible for the CEWS. The bill has now received Royal Assent and has therefore been passed into law.
Major changes include a deadline extension of the CEWS to the end of the year and a new sliding scale for businesses to show revenue decline.
The new bill, C-20, passed in the House of Commons on Tuesday at third reading, four days after the federal government noted the changes it would propose to the CEWS program, which is aimed to re-hire workers who lost employment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The bill included a number of COVID-19 measures, but major changes to the CEWS proposed by the Liberals include the deadline extension, as well as eliminating the requirement that businesses meet a revenue decline of 30 percent in order to qualify for the subsidy.
Initially proposed for a 12-week period, from March 15 to June 6, the federal government added 12 weeks to the program in May, extending eligibility to August 29. The new bill extends the program until November 21, with the possibility of further extensions until December 31. The new submission deadline for all payroll periods is now January 31. The new changes will also break the CEWS into two parts:
1. A base subsidy for all eligible employers experiencing revenue declines, with the subsidy amount determined based on the amount of revenue decline on a sliding scale.
2. A top-up subsidy of up to an additional 25 percent for employers with more than a 50 percent revenue decline.
Bill #C20 has been adopted at third reading in the Senate: https://t.co/EHVWyAZ0sN #SenCA #cdnpoli pic.twitter.com/UsI28uF3Yr
— Senate of Canada (@SenateCA) July 27, 2020
From July to November, businesses with any revenue decline will be eligible to participate. Bill C-20 also increases the maximum of subsidy available for businesses with higher revenue declines from $847 to $960 per employee. The government will gradually decrease the maximum subsidy amount available in September.
Under the wage subsidy program, employers were previously subject to a 30 percent revenue decline measurement, which made them eligible for a payroll subsidy of 75 percent. That eligibility requirement was criticized by business groups and other federal parties calling for the government to make the wage subsidy more accessible for businesses, including pre-revenue startups that were less likely to be able to meet the 30 percent revenue decline requirement.
RELATED: Tech sector reiterates calls to expand wage subsidy as Canadian government asks for feedback
One survey of the Canadian tech community in June indicated more than half of respondents were still ineligible for the CEWS, despite the federal government relaxing some of the revenue criteria in April.
In May, the federal government began consultations on the CEWS, which closed on June 5. The consultations were aimed to help inform potential changes to the program, and although changes were expected last month, they were delayed as the federal parties could not come to an agreement.
To date, approximately 269,000 employers have accessed the CEWS, 724,000 have been approved, and the federal government has paid out a total of $22.6 billion.
Last week, when C-20 was being debated in the House, the Conservative party argued the government's proposed changes to the subsidy were too convoluted, with opposition leader Andrew Scheer saying the party would continue to call for changes to "make sure no one falls through the cracks." The Bloc Quebecois backed the bill, with House leader Alain Therrien noting the proposed measures fell in line with the Bloc's prior demands.
RELATED: Canadian government looking to waive 30 percent revenue decline criteria for 75 percent wage subsidy
Despite calls from the tech community to look at other measures of how companies had been impacted by COVID-19, under the new legislation, companies must still have some form of revenue in order to qualify for the CEWS, meaning pre-revenue tech startups will continue to be ineligible.
In a recent conversation with BetaKit, Minister of Innovation, Science, and Industry, Navdeep Bains indicated an openness to extending the now fully-committed National Research Council of Canada's Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP) COVID-19 Innovation Assistance Program (IAP). The IRAP IAP was available specifically for pre-revenue companies that did not qualify for the CEWS.
Also included in C-20 was a one-time $600 payment to Canadians with disabilities, which the government expects to "assist with additional expenses incurred during the pandemic."
With files from Meagan Simpson.
Image source Wikimedia Commons.
COVID-19govt
Isabelle Kirkwood
Isabelle is a Vancouver-based writer with 5+ years of experience in communications and journalism and a lifelong passion for telling stories. For over two years, she has reported on all sides of the Canadian startup ecosystem, from landmark venture deals to public policy, telling the stories of the founders putting Canadian tech on the map.
0 replies on "Senate passes changes to 75 percent wage subsidy"


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We've noticed that the King James Only discussion has appeared in some of the recent comment threads. So we thought we would take a brief detour to address that issue, before continuing our study of the charismatic gifts. The following is a study our elders at Grace Community Church put together regarding the King James Version. This detour will take us just a few days, after which we will resume our discussion of the gifts.
Is the KJV the only version of the Bible we should use?
A growing literature crusade claims, "God wrote only one Bible," referring to the King James Bible published in 1611. These people contend that the King James Version (KJV) is the only English version of Scripture which faithfully preserves the original writings, and they support their claim in articles with titles such as "My Stand on the Inerrancy of the King James Version." They build their case upon such doctrines as providential preservation of Scripture, Scriptural inerrancy, and one's commitment to God.
At the heart of the controversy lie several questions: Is one Scripture version inherently superior to the others? Is one family of original language manuscripts superior to another, and if so, which one? How can we determine which manuscripts are reliable? The evaluation of the relative merits of various Biblical manuscripts and translations is a very complex issue, especially for those who are not trained in the field of the Greek language and New Testament textual studies, and cannot be addressed fully in a short pamphlet; however, we trust this brief study will prove helpful.
1. The Old and New Testaments were not originally written in the English language but in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek.
2. The original writings, or autographa, of all the books of the Bible do not exist today.
3. God never promised the perfect preservation of the original manuscripts, but He did promise to preserve their content, as evidenced in Numbers 23:19, Isaiah 55:11, and Matthew 5:18. The content is preserved within the body of currently existing manuscripts.
4. There are differences among the existing original language manuscripts of both the Old and New Testaments. These differences are the source of the controversy.
5. Far more manuscripts are in existence today for the New Testament than for any other piece of ancient literature. There are at least four Scripture manuscript families that are widely recognized. They include the Alexandrian Text, the Western Text, the Caesarean Text, and the Byzantine, or Majority, Text.
6. Because of the large number of manuscripts in existence, the sources of textual variants in the Greek New Testament are usually simple to identify.
7. Textual variations are almost always incidental and do not significantly affect the meaning of Scripture. Once the easily explained variants are removed, 99.9 percent of the text of our Bible can be confirmed as accurate without reservation.
8. Many textual problems have already been resolved satisfactorily and are no longer in question.
9. No doctrine in all of historic orthodox Christianity is dependent upon the solution to any one textual variant.
The facts listed above are vital in order to maintain a proper perspective toward the controversy surrounding the issue of the textual accuracy of the Bible.
These approaches are described briefly in the paragraphs below.
The second approach is the "Majority Text only" school. This reasonable approach, championed by Zane Hodges, professor of New Testament and Greek at Dallas Theological Seminary, also promotes the King James Bible. The Dean Burgon Society was recently formed to advocate this position, and Thomas Nelson Publishers of Nashville issued the New King James Version under the academic leadership of Dr. Arthur Farstad with this position in mind.
The "Majority Text only" approach argues that God preserved His Word in the text which is found in the largest number of manuscripts. Because the largest number of manuscripts is found in the Byzantine, or Majority, family, this family is considered by supporters of this approach to most accurately represent the autographa. The King James Bible is based upon the "textus receptus" (TR), a segment of the Byzantine family of manuscripts.
The "thorough going eclectic" approach to the textual variation controversy is advocated by liberal theologians who reject any consideration of manuscript families, date of manuscripts, and other external evidence. They concentrate their attention on internal content of the manuscripts and draw conclusions based only upon a literary analysis of the text. This school has little support among conservative theologians.
The "Westcott Hort" approach has long been publicized as the position held by most modern conservatives. Westcott and Hort suggested that the Alexandrian family of manuscripts are the oldest in existence today and, therefore, are to be preferred. They also concluded that external evidence, i.e. manuscript families, outweighs internal evidence. An in depth explanation of this position can be found in the Westcott Hort Greek New Testament.
The fifth approach to the problem of textual variation is the position actually espoused by many conservative theologians. This "balanced eclectic" approach holds that each text type is to be evaluated independently without premeditated bias as to which manuscript family is most authoritative. It also posits that internal and external evidences are to be considered equally. This school basically suggests that each textual variant be investigated thoroughly and considered on its own merits.


text:
Jurors acquit Kyle Rittenhouse, siding with…
Jurors acquit Kyle Rittenhouse, siding with his self-defense claim
November 19, 2021, 1:48 pm CST
Kyle Rittenhouse enters the courtroom to hear the verdicts in his trial at the Kenosha County Courthouse in Kenosha, Wisconsin, on Friday. Rittenhouse was acquitted of all charges after pleading self-defense. Pool photo by Sean Krajacic/The Kenosha News via the Associated Press.
Jurors in Kenosha, Wisconsin, acquitted 18-year-old Kyle Rittenhouse of all charges Friday in the shootings of three men, one of them fatally, during racial justice demonstrations in August 2020.
The Chicago Tribune, the Washington Post, Reuters, Politico and the New York Times are among the publications that covered the acquittal on charges of homicide, attempted homicide and reckless endangerment.
Rittenhouse began sobbing after the jury announced the verdict, according to the New York Times. He had also cried during the trial when he began to testify about the shootings.
Jurors apparently agreed that Rittenhouse was acting in self-defense when he shot the three men. He was 17 at the time.
Rittenhouse had testified that the first man he shot had put his hand on Rittenhouse's rifle and the second hit him with a skateboard. The third man, who was shot and wounded, acknowledged that he had a gun and had unintentionally pointed it at Rittenhouse.
Under Wisconsin law, a person can use deadly force if they reasonably think that it is necessary to prevent imminent death or great bodily harm, according to prior coverage by the Associated Press.
Jurors deliberated for more than 25 hours over four days.
Judge Bruce Schroeder had previously dismissed a gun charge that bans youths under age 18 from possessing a dangerous weapon, with some exceptions.
Schroeder had sided with defense lawyers who said one exception was confusing, and it appeared to allow youths age 16 and 17 to carry rifles and shotguns that do not have short barrels, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel previously reported.
States | Criminal Justice | Trials & Litigation | Evidence | Wisconsin | Criminal Procedure | Juries
As omicron COVID-19 cases surge, several courts pause jury trials
Defense attorney convicted in $1M federal money laundering case
Jury finds Elizabeth Holmes, CEO of blood-testing company Theranos, guilty of fraud
Some states seek to eliminate racial bias in jury selection with peremptory-challenge changes
Lawyer is fined after her process server delivers subpoena to another attorney during murder-trial break


Peter Bartram's career as a journalist saw him covering stories from places as varied as 700 feet down a coal mine to inside Buckingham Palace before he turned to crime writing. He's interviewed people from cabinet ministers to crooks. (The crooks give the more honest answers, he says.) Before writing his first murder mystery, he authored 21 non-fiction books in genres including biography, current affairs and "how-to." Peter's first mystery is Headline Murder.
I first had the idea of writing a series of mysteries based on the adventures of a newspaper crime reporter years ago shortly after I'd begun my first job in journalism. It happened like this. As the most junior reporter on the paper, I'd been given the job of writing obituaries. Dead boring? Yes, I had to put up with that jibe from colleagues a dozen times a day. "Is the body copy ready?" was another one.
Anyway, one day the court reporter was off sick and I had to fill in. That day, one of the cases involved a tough-looking defendant who was found guilty and fined. Later, he accosted me outside the court and made it clear that if I wrote anything about the case, he had a crew that would make me regret every word.
Not quite the Sopranos. But not the castrati, either.
Anyway, a lifetime of writing for newspapers and magazines later, I came back to the idea of authoring a series of crime mysteries. At first, I wondered whether a career as a journalist would be a help or a hindrance. But when I came to look at the biographies of crime writers, I was surprised how many - most famously, Edgar Wallace - had been journalists before they turned to crime writing.
And when I came to think about it a bit more, I realised that wasn't surprising. After all, there are remarkable similarities between the kind of mind you need for crime writing and for newspaper reporting. A "low-bred curiosity" is what one newspaper colleague called it.
When I trained as a journalist, practically the first thing I was taught was to ask what Rudyard Kipling called the "six honest serving-men" questions - what, why, when, how, where, who? And when I came to write Headline Murder I found I had to ask exactly the same questions when I constructed the plot. What was the crime? When and where was it committed? How was it done? Why was it done? And, most important of all, whodunit?
Whether reporter or crime writer, the questions are the same but the way you find the answers is different. As a reporter, you seek them in the facts. As a crime writer, in your imagination. Which may be stimulated by your experience. That's certainly been the case with me.
Mystery readers will know all about "police procedurals" - where the thrill comes from watching a cop solve the case step-by-step. I'd call Headline Murder a "newspaper procedural" because the main aim of the hero - Colin Crampton, the paper's crime correspondent - is to get a "scoop" on who's revealed as the murderer. So he has to be at least one step ahead of rival reporters. That creates a new source of tension in the story.
Now the book has hit the stores, I've found it interesting to look back and pick out those incidents that were inspired by my own career and those that were pure imagination. But, then, Crampton is part avenging angel, part rogue. He knows every newspaper scam in the book - and is not afraid to pull them. So am I going to reveal which incidents are my own? As this post is being published in America, I think I better claim the Fifth!
Headline Murder: A Crampton of the Chronicle mystery by Peter Bartram is published by Roundfire Books. ISBN: 978-1-78535-072-6 (paperback) 978-1-78535-073-3.
It's August 1962, and Colin Crampton, the Brighton Evening Chronicle's crime reporter, is desperate for a front-page story. But it's the silly season for news – and the only tip-off Crampton has is about the disappearance of the seafront's crazy-golf proprietor, Arnold Trumper. Crampton thinks the story is about as useful as a set of concrete water-wings. But when he learns that Trumper's vanishing act is linked to an unsolved murder, he scents a front-page scoop. Powerful people are determined Crampton must not discover the truth. But he is quite prepared to use every newspaper scam in the book to land his exclusive. The trouble is it's his girlfriend, feisty Australian Shirley Goldsmith, who too often ends up on the sticky end when a scam backfires. Crampton has to overcome dangers they never mentioned at journalism school before he writes his story. Headline Murder will keep you guessing – and smiling – right to the last page.
"Superbly crafted and breezy as a stroll along the pier, this Brighton-based murder mystery is a delight. Headline Murder is the real deal, giving a wonderful insight into local journalism and capturing the swinging sixties to perfection. Bring on the next Crampton Chronicle." - Peter Lovesey, former chairman of the Crime Writer's Association and multi-award winning crime mystery writer.
Wes Craven, writer-director of horror films including Nightmare on Elm Street and Scream, died today after a battle with brain cancer. He was 76.
Craven was a longtime summer resident of Martha's Vineyard, where he moved permanently three years ago before returning to Los Angeles for work and health reasons.
Craven claimed to have gotten the idea for Elm Street when living next to a cemetery on a street of that name when growing up in the suburbs of Cleveland. The five Nightmare on Elm Street films were released from 1984-89.
Similarly, Craven's Scream series was a box-office sensation. In those scare-'em-ups, he spoofed the teen horror genre. The movies frequently referenced other horror movies.
The Davitt Awards (named in honor of Ellen Davitt (1812-1879) who wrote Australia's first mystery novel, Force and Fraud in 1865) are presented annually by Sisters in Crime Australia. The awards are presented for Australian crime fiction, by women, for both adults and young adults. Awards were announced last night. Congratulations to all!
Going to Bouchercon, the World Mystery Convention, in Raleigh? The Bouchercon 2015 Schedule just went live. There's something for everyone! Schedule is subject to change and will be updated regularly. Be sure to check back.
It's not too late to sign up for Bouchercon. Register here.
Here's the list of books our Berkeley NorCal Mystery Readers Book Group will be reading this Fall. Feel free to read along and make comments! We meet every Tuesday night at 7 p.m. in Berkeley, CA. Book titles subject to change.
The Ned Kelly Award Winners were announced at the Melbourne Writers Festival last weekend. The Ned Kelly Awards are given by the Australian Crime Writers Association.
I always read before falling asleep. If I wake during the night, I also read and eventually go back to sleep. Hopefully the book won't be so engrossing that it keeps me up. This has happened, but then I attribute that to the skill of the author!
This article doesn't surprise me, but hopefully those who don't read before they go to bed will benefit from it...and we'll gain more readers. Yay!
Thanks to Deborah Harter Williams for this link to Business Insider.
In case you missed this story. Last Saturday 11 members of a book club were thrown off the Napa Valley Wine Train for being noisy and disturbing the other passengers. A few words about the train. First, it's very noisy. It's a vintage train that rattles and rolls as it heads up and down the valley. One needs to speak loudly if one is to be heard. Because the train is narrow, seating as a group is spread out. Second, for those not familiar with the Wine Train, it is not a commuter train. It's a social train where couples and groups come to dine, drink wine, and talk. The fact that a group of book club women were literally thrown off, met by police after being forced to disembark, and escorted in vans back to the starting point of the train is pretty outrageous no matter how you look at it. Worse, of course, is how the Napa Valley Wine Train chose to address the issue--first with a notice on their Facebook page (now removed) and later by hiring an outside publicist to deal with the incident. Damage done. It has been alleged that the incident was racially motivated (10 of the 11 women were African American). Accounts and pictures of the episode have been spreading across social media, hashtag #LaughingWhileBlack, while the women involved have questioned whether they would have been treated differently if they were not African American.
I know that our Book Club has gotten a bit loud in the past. Booklovers are passionate about their feelings and opinions of books--and other subjects when together. I don't know if the women were discussing a book or if they were just out for a good time, but I can't seem to get around the way they were treated. I have been on the wine train several times. The book club members were seated in the rearmost of six Pullman cars--four women sat at each of two tables on either side of the aisle, while three others occupied seats just ahead. So the women were seated on both sides of the aisle (it's a narrow train) and having fun. One has to speak loudly to be heard over the roar of the engines and clanking of the rails, especially if you're in a large group.
The 11 women of the Sistahs on the Reading Edge Book Club were asked to lower their voices a few times before a staff member gave them a choice: "Pipe down, or get off at the next station." They were then marched through several cars of the train in order to disembark in St Helena.
Lisa Johnson, who documented the trip on her Facebook page, said the club members, 10 black women and one white woman all dressed in matching T-shirts, were indeed noisy, but "normal for a group of 11 people communicating, laughing and enjoying themselves." The book club has been together for 17 years, she said, with members ranging in age from their late 30s to 85. The club often does social events, sometimes at upscale restaurants, and has never been disciplined for noise, Ms. Johnson said.
After several miles of "chitchatting" among the club members, Johnson said, the train's maître d'hotel told the group, "Your noise level is a little loud, and you have to tone it down so we don't make others uncomfortable."
"We thought the purpose of the Wine Train was to have a good time and enjoy being with a large group. No one told us of any noise ordinance. If you get a group of 11 women talking and laughing, it's going to be loud," Johnson said.
Later, the maître d'hotel came by a second time, warning the women they would be ordered off the train if they didn't quiet down, Johnson said.
"She said people were complaining, and I said, 'Who's complaining?' And she said, 'Well, people's faces are uncomfortable,'" said Johnson. "At that point, one passenger nearby said, 'Well, this is not a bar.' We reacted, 'Yes, it is a bar, a bar on wheels.'"
The expelled book club members will soon decide on their next steps, said Johnson, including whether to pursue a lawsuit or civil rights complaint against the Wine Train.
So here are links to several different reports. The women in the book group did post on Facebook and other social media throughout the incident--and after, as did fellow passengers.
I've always enjoyed the mysteries by Lenore Glen Offord, maybe because she was local, maybe because I like the writing and the stories. I also love her period settings. She was true to her locale and time (WWII and post-war period). I'm glad I have this Dell Mapback in my collection to celebrate Mapback Monday!
The Glass Mask (1944) by Lenore Glen Offord, Dell #198 mapback edition, 1947.
Lenore Glen Offord was a mystery writer and mystery reviewer in the San Francisco Bay Area. She won an Edgar Award for Outstanding Criticism in 1952. She published 12 novels, 8 of which were mysteries.
Read Gary Lovisi's article on Map Back Mysteries, here.
Thursday, August 27, 7 P.M.
RSVP to attend & for directions. Space limited.
Join Mystery Readers NorCal for a Literary Salon featuring international mysteries set in present day China and Thailand with Lisa Brackmann & Timothy Hallinan.
Timothy Hallinan is the author of the Poke Rafferty Thrillers set in Thailand, the Junior Bender Mysteries, the Simeon Grist Mysteries, and a host of other novels and works! The 7th Poke Rafferty thriller, The Hot Countries, will be released in October by Soho Crime. The 4th Junior Bender mystery, Herbie's Game, won the Lefty as Best Comic Crime in 2014.
Lisa Brackmann is the author of the Ellie McEnroe series set in today's China. Dragon Day is the concluding volume of the series and is just out. Rock Paper Tiger, set on the fringes of the Chinese art world was nominated for the Strand Magazine Critics Award for best first novel. Her second novel, Getaway, won the LA. Book Festival Grand Prize and was nomianted for the T. Jefferson Parker SCIBA award.
Potluck sweets & savories. Limited space. Make a comment below with your email to RSVP.
I'm a big proponent of starting a story with a bang. Maybe I've got ADD, but I'll often decide whether to read a book or a short story by its first line. If I'm feeling generous, I'll give it a paragraph. That's what Elmore Leonard was talking about in the first of his 10 Rules of Good Writing: "Never open a book with weather." I don't interpret this as a literal rule, but rather as a metaphor. Don't open a story with background; jump right into your story and grab your reader by the throat.
"For a sweet house, right on Santa Monica Beach, it was unbelievably easy to break into. Mickey found a window he could open with a putty knife, so the double-locked doors were a joke. And Lana disabled the alarm within the forty-five-second grace period before it would have triggered. They were in and no one knew. What a great way to kick off the honeymoon."
The opening line provides the setup and leaves no doubt that we're headed for trouble. Our setting and two main characters are introduced in the next two sentences. And the paragraph concludes with a twist that both promises further surprises and reveals the tone. Right off the bat, you know this isn't your grandfather's Oldsmobile.
"The Shadow Knows" starts off with a simple question: "Good Lord, Gus, what's got you so down on this beautiful Saturday morning?" I opened the story with this question hoping it would entice readers to continue on to learn what's bothering poor Gus. The question also sets up the rest of the tale. Gus is a superstitious man who believes his town groundhog is responsible for the long winters his town has suffered for years. The opening conversation about why Gus is so miserable this morning (snow, lots of new snow that fell overnight) prompts Gus to realize that if his town is ever going to have an early spring again, he needs to get rid of that groundhog. And the story is off and running.
We immediately know something's wrong. The main character, narrating in first person, realizes that he's no longer alone in this lonely and remote corner of Death Valley. We also find out that he's an ex-Marine, which implies that he knows how to take care of himself—but the question hanging over everything is: will he be able to in this situation?
We also learn that he's an American Indian. This hints at the backstory that's revealed throughout the rest of the story. It also gives us a clue about the character of this man, his connection to the land and the legends and folklore that surround it, all of which comes into play as the story unfolds. And which, hopefully, intrigues the reader to want to see what happens next.
Well, I hope that's what the first graph says to people!
The first sentence of the first paragraph helps set the tone of who Trey is and the image he wants to convey. He's trying to relax and stay calm. He wants to look as if he is the master of his estate, that he is control. Also, Trey is a meth dealer who does not sample his own product, but he needs a strong dose of medicine to keep himself relaxed.
The next three lines contrast Trey to his two methhead employees who are burning off excess chemical energy in a frenetic game of ping pong. Trey is looking down at them from his rocking chair, much like a king on a throne looking over his minions hard at work… but this is much more pathetic. He's not proud of his employees, they are clearly second tier (or less) and by allowing unhealthy liberties, like snorting meth on the job, he shows a lack of leadership.
The second to last sentence mentions Owen Seaver who is the focus of the story. The reasons why Owen needs to be hunted and the consequences of Owen's actions will be revealed later. The final lines also show that Trey, even as a meth dealer, has a conscience, not wanting to harm innocent people. His conscience will be pummeled throughout the story as he battles between being a decent guy and a ruthless drug dealer.
I always encourage students in my short story writing workshops to start as close to the conflict of the story as possible and to avoid extraneous intros—every word should count! But I also don't think short stories need to follow that old journalistic standard of a lead sentence that hits the five w's or need simply to jump straight to the action, in media res.
The first sentence of my story is a simple one: "'How about a gimlet this time?' I asked."—a question which doesn't do much beyond indicating that the narrator is talking to someone (a bartender? yes, as it turns out) and suggesting that this isn't his first drink or else not his usual one (and maybe in the process that the narrator is indeed a regular? yes again—and more than that, a friend of the bartender).
But ultimately that first sentence sets in motion a lot more. It's part of a bet the narrator is making with himself; if Terry, the bartender, makes the gimlet with gin, then it's the universe's way of telling the narrator to do something he doesn't want to do, but if made with vodka, then he's free and clear—and bet after similar bet, the "yeses" keep pointing the narrator in a troubling direction, ultimately building the odds against both characters, both in terms of the life-or-death situation at hand and in a larger sense. Both men are cursed, each in their own way, maybe right from the start.
More Than 175 Authors are scheduled to participate in the Library of Congress National Book Festival, Saturday, September 5, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center from 10 a.m. until 10 p.m. (doors open at 9). The event is free and open to the public.
Agatha Christie, the Queen of Crime, was fiercely protective of her privacy, but now a new exhibition of unseen photographs reveals an unexpected carefree side to the world's best-selling novelist.
Agatha Christie rarely gave interviews and certainly never went on a book-signing tour. Now a new exhibition of unseen photographs reveals an unexpected carefree side to the world's best-selling novelist. She was a surfer, a roller-skater and round-the-world traveller, as well as a car enthusiast and dog lover.
'My image of Agatha Christie was basically Miss Marple before I started this project,' admits Alice Graham, curator of the London show that then moves to Christie's home town of Torquay as part of her 125th anniversary celebrations. 'But as a young woman she was incredibly active and very stylish.' Christie's only grandson, Mathew Prichard, 70, who runs her estate, agrees.
Sponsored by Absolutely Amazing eBooks, the award salutes the late author's legacy as a beloved and influential mentor credited with helping and advising many aspiring writers. Writers from all over the country answered the call that invited award candidates to submit the first three pages of a finished, unpublished mystery manuscript.
The winner claimed a book-publishing contract with Absolutely Amazing eBooks, free Mystery Writers Key West Fest registration, hotel accommodations for two nights, and a bobble-headed Jerry trophy.
Submissions were judged by a committee headed by the late author's fiancé, mystery author Sandra Balzo, along with film critic and publisher of Absolutely Amazing eBooks, Shirrel Rhoades; immediate past executive vice president of Mystery Writers of America, Ted Hertel; and Gary Warren Niebuhr, library director and author of numerous nonfiction works on crime fiction.
I don't know about you, but I enjoy a good cuppa when reading a mystery! Although I do use Barry tea bags, I also love loose tea. These unique tea infusers are so much fun. Most are available on Amazon, but you'll find them elsewhere. Just do a search.
The Golden Crown Literary Society announced winners of the 2015 Goldies, which are "dedicated to education, promotion and recognition of lesbian literature." The 11th annual awards ceremony "brought together lesbian fiction pioneers Rita Mae Brown, Lee Lynch, and Dorothy Allison, all sharing a stage for the first time," the Advocate reported.
Complete list of Goldie Winners HERE.
The next issue of the Mystery Readers Journal (31:3) will focus on crime fiction set in Scotland. We're looking for articles, reviews, and Author! Author! essays.
Author Essays: 500-1500 words, upclose and personal, about yourself, your books, and the "Scotland" connection. Think of it as chatting with friends and other writers at the cafe or bar. Add a title and 2-3 sentence bio/tagline.
I first heard about bog bodies when I was a graduate student studying Celtic Art. Bog bodies are a great source of historical, scientific, anthropological, and art knowledge. Since first studying bogs and what they can show us, I've always told my partners that when I die, I want to be thrown into a peat bog. Not an easy task here in California that is devoid of an ample number of peat bogs. Alaska has many, but then one would have to cross Canada, another country, with a dead body in tow. Law enforcement might frown on this. I guess there might be a lot of bogs in Canada, but I'm a U.S. citizen. At this stage in my life, I'll have to forgo this interesting internment...and let's face it, of what value to future academics and scientists would I be, anyway? Perhaps this is too gruesome a subject for some, but not for me. I read a lot of mysteries and true crime.
If you like mysteries, you'll find this article fascinating. Ms French elucidates 5 of the most noteworthy--and cringe-worthy-- cases.
Martin Clunes (Doc Martin) stars as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of Sherlock Holmes, in a three-part MASTERPIECE Mystery! adaptation of the novel by Julian Barnes based on an actual event. Outraged by injustice to an Anglo-Indian solicitor, Doyle uses the methods of his own fictional detective to get at the truth. Also starring are Arsher Ali (The Missing) Charles Edwards (Downton Abbey), Hattie Morahan (The Bletchley Circle), and Art Malik (The Jewel in the Crown).
Arthur & George will be available to view online at pbs.org/masterpiece beginning the day after broadcast for a limited time.
The Coen Brothers are among our most literary-minded modern filmmakers; their stylish dialogue and Swiss-watch plotting often feels as much of the printed page as the celluloid frame, and films like Blood Simple, Miller's Crossing, and even The Big Lebowski wear their lit influences on their sleeves. But the Coens have done surprisingly few straight-up adaptations: there's their Oscar-winning take on Cormac McCarthy's No Country For Old Men, and 2010's True Grit, and that's about it. But Deadline is reporting they've been hired by Warner Brothers to write and possibly direct a film adaptation of Ross Macdonald's 1966 crime novel Black Money, a match-up that sounds very promising indeed.
Macdonald—the non de plume of writer Kenneth Millar—was a master of hardboiled California crime stories, best known for his series concerning Lew Archer, a tough but honorable private eye. Two of those novels were adapted into the Paul Newman vehicles Harper (1966) and The Drowning Pool (1975), but aside from those films and a couple other Millar adaptations, his work hasn't made it to the big screen all that often.
Adapted from the series of "Tommy and Tuppence" novels by Agatha Christie, the new BBC and Acorn TV mystery series premieres on both sides of the pond this September to coincide with the 125th Anniversary of Dame Agatha Christie's birth.
The first two episodes debut on Thursday, September 3, 2015, and a new episode will be added every Thursday, through the sixth and final episode on October 1st.
David Walliams (Little Britain, Big School) stars as Tommy Beresford and Jessica Raine (Call the Midwife, Wolf Hall) stars as his wife Prudence 'Tuppence' Cowley. Matthew Steer (Siblings) costars in Agatha Christie's Partners in Crime, and James Fleet (Outlander) guest stars. Set in 1950s Britain, the mysteries are filled with period atmosphere and playful banter between Agatha Christie's crime-fighting couple. The duo tackles two cases based on the Agatha Christie novels The Secret Adversary and N or M? in the two three-part mysteries.
Available at Acorn.TV and on a variety of devices.
I posted this article a few years ago, but I think it's a good time to revisit it! It's always a good time to save books.
I live in the San Francisco Bay Area on top of a hill in a very foggy area. Needless to say, mildew is the enemy of someone like me who collects books. And, that's not even mentioning the 11,000 or so books stored in Bodega Bay... The Bay part is the tip off in both cases. Lots of humidity, in this case in terms of fog.
This article on Biblio.com is particularly relevant to my library, not because of new mildew but mostly for the books I buy at flea markets and used bookstores. In the past, I've put books in the freezer if I suspected mildew, but this article has more to say and great directions for removing mold and mildew.
Remember, mold and mildew live off of organic material (leather, wood, paper, cloth) and over time their presence can weaken the structure of the book, stain the cover and pages, and prompt negative effects in your health, especially for folks with allergies or asthma. It is important to identify the active growth of mold and mildew and remove it before it spreads through your entire library!
Mold: Mold is a type of fungus that can and will grow on anything, as long as it can find a food source and the appropriate humidity for its development. It can develop in patches of threads, thick spider-webs or fuzzy spots, and it appears most often on natural, porous surfaces such as cotton, linen, silk, wool, leather, and paper. It reproduces by sending out clouds of spores, hence it's ability to "leap" from book to book.
Mildew: Mold is often accompanied by mildew. While they share some similarities, they are not the same kind of fungus. However, any moldy or otherwise soiled surface can provide a nutritive source for mildew, and beyond that it requires the prime temperature and humidity level to make it appear and spread like wildfire.
If you identify mold or mildew on any of your books, magazines, or paper ephemera, remove them from your collection immediately!
Go here for the remedies.


As a poet, visual artist and essayist, David Jones is one of the great Modernists. The variety of his gifts reminds us of Blake – though he is a better poet and a greater all-round artist. Jones was an extraordinary engraver, painter and creator of painted inscriptions, but he also belongs in the first rank of twentieth-century poets.
Though he was admired by some of the finest cultural figures of the twentieth century, David Jones is not known or celebrated in the way that Eliot, Beckett or Joyce have been. His work was occasionally as difficult as theirs, but it is just as rewarding – and more various. He is overlooked because his best writing is imbedded in two book-length prose-poems – In Parenthesis and The Anathemata, making it difficult to anthologise; the work is informed by his Catholic faith and so may feel unfashionable in this secular age; he was a shy, reclusive man, psychologically damaged by his time in the trenches, and loathed any kind of self-promotion. Mostly, though, he was a complete and original poet-artist – sui generis, impossible to pigeon-hole – and that has led to the neglect of David Jones: a true genius and the great lost Modernist.


January 19, 2012 January 19, 2012 / Abbie S.
Today was my first day at the Missionaries of Charity center. When I visited the center earlier this month, before deciding to work there, the volunteer coordinator, Hailu, gave me a tour and took me to every room in the entire Home for the Dying and every room in the Childrens' Home across the street. There were probably at least 30 different rooms and/or places to work. Oddly enough, whenever I thought of the Missionaries of Charity center after my visit, I only thought of one room in the entire compound – a large room on the second floor, right side. It was really the only room that I even remembered well. It is the room with the severely handicapped kids – many of which cannot even leave their beds.
Today, I walked in and asked Hailu where they needed me most. He immediately led me to the back of the compound, up a flight of stairs, and into the very room that I had thought of so often. He told me that there were no current volunteers for the crippled children, because some of them are quite a handful. And it proved to be true. As we walked in, there was a flurry of activity in the physical therapy room, including children hugging me, spitting and drooling on me, and smiling at me. I spent the morning meeting the kids, walking from bed to bed, feeding the kids who were too handicapped to move themselves and then tucking them in for their afternoon nap.
What a challenge. I was writing in my journal last night that as much as I may claim to be all for Christ, my faith has never really been challenged to the core of my being. I haven't ever really had to do anything difficult for the sake of Christ at all until now. I just love what I call "little whispers" from the peace of God straight into my soul – whispers like my constant picture of the very room where my help was needed, before I started working there; whispers like the fact that when I arrived home today, lo and behold, there was a program about the Calcutta Home for the Dying on television, presented by a woman who had worked there. I watched the program and felt a weight on my heart lift. The woman on the program kept saying, "One, one, one. If Mother Teresa had never picked up the first cripple on the streets of Calcutta, she would never have picked up the 42,000 others. Love the one in front of you now." She always did talk about doing small things with great love. Love is about giving yourself fully to the one in front of you. These kids are lacking more than just food – they lack love.
I like thinking about Jesus taking the disguise of the lame, the sick, and the dying as I work with these kids. But though it makes the work meaningful, it doesn't make it less difficult. I'm going to need a lot of prayer.
You precious servant. I can only imagine what you are seeing and doing, but know that you are in our prayers!
Abbie,sweet Abbie,The Living God is in you…and He will work thru you! You are forever changed!!!!
This is eternal work. Romans 15:13.


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Community Leaders Respond After Planned ICE Raids Delayed
By Jeremy Ross June 22, 2019 at 10:12 pm
Filed Under:Chicago, Deportation, Donald Trump, ice, immigration, Pilsen, Trump
CHICAGO (CBS)– In a tweet, President Trump said he's putting off the ICE raids for two weeks to give the Democrats and Republicans a chance to come to a compromise.
Friday, Mayor Lori Lightfoot announced that the Chicago Police Department "will not cooperate with or facilitate any ICE enforcement actions." Lightfoot said with her direction, CPD has "terminated ICE's access to CPD's databases related to federal immigration enforcement activities."
There were no sighs of relief following the presidents tweet in the Pilsen neighborhood.
The pastor of a local church said his church is the only one in the area offering asylum for families, or the ability to stay there to avoid possible deportation.
"This is a war on families of color and families especially from the Latino community," said Rev. Walter Coleman of the Lincoln United Methodist Church.
Too worried to show her face, one Chicago woman expressed her fear that other undocumented immigrants in the city share.
In a statement from the Cook County State's Attorney's Office says in part, they are "deeply concerned that the proposed immigration raids by the Trump administration will lead to further distrust between immigrant communities and law enforcement."
The statement went on to say, "These targeted and unfair policies are putting people at risk. ICE's escalating tactics directly impact victims and witnesses of crime, making them fearful to cooperate and interact in the criminal justice system."
Val Ojeda, the president of the Illinois Trump Coalition said the president does not want to break up families. He said the it was a "wise decision" for Trump to delay the raids. Other members said fears are overblown.
Alderman Carlos Ramirez-Rosa added, "The two-week delay of planned immigration raids is a win for the tens of thousands of people that mobilized across our nation to defend our communities from ICE including in Albany Park."
He said community concerns continue.
Even though the raids appear to be delayed, Rev. Coleman said he's not planning on it.
"We never believe this particular president," Coleman said. "We know that what he said has stirred up a level of hatred."
The pastor said he get on average three to four calls a week inquiring about asylum. He plans on going to other local churches to see if they can provide the same service.
More from Jeremy Ross


Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Sozialpädagogik / Sozialarbeit, notice: 2.7, , Sprache: Deutsch, summary: Dieser Forschungsbericht wurde im Rahmen eines Seminars geschrieben und bildet die Grundlage für die Bachelorarbeit "Alkoholsucht und Jugendalter. Von der Abhängigkeitsentwicklung im Jugendalter hin bis zum Leben nach der Sucht".
The compilers of this publication will be short of in courtesy in the event that they didn't expressly say what may well rather be correctly left to the reader's discernment: the common visual appeal in it of any author's or newspaper's identify doesn't suggest that that writer or newspaper offends extra frequently than others opposed to ideas of grammar or variety; it purely exhibits that they have got been one of the unavoidably restricted quantity selected to assemble situations from.
Desde el surgimiento de l. a. física cuántica, los angeles erudición ya no centra su atención en el objeto, sino en l. a. conciencia humana como lo acreditan diversas áreas de los angeles ciencia que, inapelablemente, remiten a l. a. rehabilitación de los angeles filosofía perenne. Las categorías científicas están convergiendo en los angeles ciencia por excelencia, a saber, los angeles ciencia de los angeles conciencia.
Somebody traversing the hilly, tree-lined paths of Penn nation Abington will be hard-pressed to visualize the varsity in its first incarnation. one of the so much different of Penn nation University�s commonwealth campuses this present day, the college�s lineage dates to 1850 because the Chestnut road woman Seminary in Philadelphia.


Interactive VR tour in Tallinn's Old Town is certified and therefore available on different VR platforms – Oculus Store, Gear VR Store and Viveport. Tallinn VR app can be easily downloaded and viewed with Oculus Rift, Samsung Gear VR and HTC Vive. During the certification process the Tallinn VR app was adjusted according to the technical and content requirements of the platforms.
360-degree videos where the viewer can get good overview of modular houses produced by Harmet Ltd – size of rooms, interior design, communications and construction principles. Graphical animations have been added to the VR experience to emphasize certain topics and 2D drone videos to introduce the exterior facade of the houses. It is an interactive application where the viewer can decide what rooms to visit. The project is a mixture of 360-degree filming and Unity programming.
360-degree videos, where the board members of Elisa Eesti announce important changes about the company in virtual reality. A special event was organized for the journalists and therefore we developed a custom software that enables more than 100 people to watch the same VR videos at the same time (in sync).
Using a VR headset, the viewer can visit various places in the Old Town of Tallinn (e.g., Town Hall Square, Masters' Courtyard, etc.), where the guide talks about the most important historical facts associated with the locations. This is an interactive experience where the viewer can select the places to visit and look around (360 degrees) in each place. The project is a mixture of 360-degree filming and Unity programming.
Interactive VR solution where the viewer can first undertake a quick overview of the nature of the field of nursing and then can take a closer look at different everyday techniques. The project is a mixture of 360-degree filming and Unity programming.
Interactive VR solution where the viewer can first undertake a quick overview of the nature of the field of bioanalysis and then can take a closer look at different everyday techniques. The project is a mixture of 360-degree filming and Unity programming.
360-degree VR introductory video, where you can virtually visit the most important sights in Georgia. VR video is part of the exposition EXPO 2017 in Astana, introducing Georgia.
Using a VR headset, the viewer can visit different places in Pärnu (beach, golf course, yachting at sea, etc.). This is an interactive experience where the viewer can select the places to visit and look around (360 degrees) in each place. The project is a mixture of 360-degree filming and Unity programming.
Using a VR headset, the viewer can be at the various places of the Marimetsa bog, and at the same time enjoy music inspired by the same bog.
360-degree introductory video where the viewer receives a quick immersive overview of the different locations in Estonia that could be used as filming locations. The viewer is in the middle of these locations to better perceive the surrounding environment. The video is aimed primarily at foreign film producers.
Attraction of the Seaplane Harbour's Marine Rescue Exhibition – "VR Simulation of Walking on the Ice" – allows viewers to experiment with walking on the ice in different seasons, and to experience the danger of walking on the ice (including ice cracking while walking in different places on a body of water and dropping through the ice). Maru VR dealt with the simulation's stage direction and concept integrity assurance.
The VR simulation of the history of Seaplane Harbour's Seaplane Hangar gives an overview of the 100-year history of the hangars (from construction, decomposition during the Soviet period, and rebuilding into the Seaplane Harbour of today). In the 360-degree VR simulation, the events take place around the viewer who captures the impact of the effect of time and the essence of the changes. Maru VR dealt with the simulation's stage direction and concept integrity assurance.


From FunkyBird Photography…On a lovely April spring day we had the privilege to do this inspired bridal shoot. We had been walking around with the idea for a while so we were very exited when we finally made all the arrangements and got everybody on board for this collaboration.
The location is one of Tuscany's pearls. Villa di Maiano is situated just below Fiesole on the outskirts of Florence, Italy and from there you have breathtaking views on the surrounding hills. The staff was just wonderful and we were so lucky to have Alexandra around helping us.
We wanted to create a very romantic look and with the help of Mrs Moradei from Morbar bridal atelier we chose two magnificent handcrafted pieces that fit our model Letizia perfectly. Ombretta and Catarina completed the look with two different hairstyles and make up to suit the various locations we wanted to shoot.
A stunning bridal bouquet with soft peach and golden garden roses. Lots of greenery and colorful poppies for the table setting to give just that bit of spark and playfulness, FunkyBird knows how to make flowers speak romance.
The girls from Trouwen in Toscane have definitely made this a unique experience which we hope to repeat again soon.


I began teaching this workshop in 2015 because I was seeing a phenomenon happen before my eyes with couples that were new to parenthood. I remember being around some children at my daughter's school and hearing that a 1yr old would be spending the weekend with his dad because the parents were no longer together. This deeply saddened me as this child will never know what it looks like to see his parents together.
In some cases, this may be the best option, but for most, if they had received some support early on, like the Bringing Baby Home Workshop, this may have been avoided. We prepare so much for the birth of our children by taking birth education classes, CPR, breastfeeding classes, looking for the safest car seat, etc… but we don't often remember that the relationship that made this baby possible will be impacted and needs to be taken care of as well. This is where Bringing Baby Home becomes helpful.
As a couple, your relationship is the lifeline of the family, but will likely get placed on the backburner once baby comes. It's important for couples to learn the skills to navigate this new time in their lives successfully.
12. How to preserve intimacy in the relationship and how to create shared meaning together.
All of these topics will be taught and modeled and then each couple will then use the materials to practice the exercises by themselves with the help of the presenter.
This workshop only costs $180/couple, but if you take advantage of the early registration rate, you only pay $150, which will include the materials for free.
Check out my Bringing Baby Home Facebook page to see about upcoming workshops.


As it is often said, the reward is not always in the destination, but in the journey.
If you're trying to plan your next scenic adventure, you may want to try one of these seven epic journeys to start.
VIVE Hotel aspires to support guests who desire adventure and discovery, making connections through experiences.
VacationHomeRentals.com can help you locate exactly what you are looking for!
Escape to a true winter wonderland with breath-taking views and activities aplenty in St Moritz, Switzerland.
Escape from the bitter cold with a cup of hot chocolate from one of these spots.
Tons of people helped make this sweet event a success. Read on for the final sum.
On a recent visit I dined at the famous Oak Creek Brewery & Grill, located in the Tlaquepaque Arts & Crafts Village.
We're looking for the best eateries in your area so that other FTK readers can try them out, too. Find out how to send in your suggestions!


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Home International The Women Cooking Their Way to Independence
The Women Cooking Their Way to Independence
Oyori Asia CEO Ms. Jihye Lee is posing for a photo in front of Spanish restaurant Teranno. Photo: Yeong Wook Byeon
By Suyeon Kim
Dong-A Ilbo, South Korea
Seoul — South Korean-based social enterprise OYORI ASIA was initiated in 2008 with the aim to "help marginalized women through the restaurant business," according to founder and CEO Jihey Lee. The company has since trained women across three Asian countries, helping them find their feet again.
"I have been making the broth for twelve hours now. It is not easy to flavor the broth without MSG."
In the early days of the summer with temperatures reaching 27 °C, Vo Thi Ngoc Nhon (37) was making a broth in a small kitchen. For Ngoc Nhon, who became a single mother after she emigrated from Vietnam to South Korea to marry a Korean in 2006, the kitchen is the only place she can earn an income. After seven years of doing a variety of different jobs while also looking after her new-born baby, she opened a Vietnamese restaurant near Jangsungbagi Station last year. It has been twenty years since the phenomenon of 'international marriage' emerged in Korea to relieve the problems of rural men who could not marry. Such international marriage, based on economic interests rather than love, led to a surge in divorce rates. In the last five years, 128,864 international marriages were registered; however, the number of divorces reached 50,853. How does Korean society embrace 'multicultural single moms', like Ngoc Nhon, living in economic isolation following divorce?
That's where OYORI ASIA has stepped in. Jihye Lee, the company's founder who launched Oyori in 2008, said, "I wanted to help marginalized women through the restaurant business." The enterprise started its business in a small corner of Sangsu-dong, Mapo-gu, and is now expanding its activities even as far as Nepal.
A cooking license after 19 attempts
Ngoc Nhon became the first entrepreneur produced by Oyori. In 2006, Ngoc Nhon migrated to Korea and gave birth to a child shortly after. However, her marriage did not last long, due to her husband's gambling addiction and debts. In 2010, she found herself alone with her son, without divorce alimony. Two years later, Ngoc Nhon met the founder of Oyori. She received four years of systematic cooking training from the head chef of Oyori, and finally gained a cooking license in Korean cuisine after 19 attempts.
Last year, she opened a Vietnamese restaurant called 'Asian Bowl' on the second floor of a building near Jangsungbagi Station. Her restaurant started with a deposit of 20 million won and a monthly rent of 80 million won. To make profits, she needed to sell more than 80 dishes of 7,000 won. However, this half-year-old restaurant has a maximum of 50 customers per day.
"I do not use MSG. I will find a soup flavor that even babies can eat," Ngoc Nhon said, as she continued to check the boiling soup. She knows that using a large amount of MSG creates an addictive flavor. However, she prefers to make a homely taste using only natural ingredients. Her principle is to boil the meat broth for twelve hours every day and to discard the unsold portion rather than reusing it.
Her dream is to completely settle in Korea while making food from her homeland with other women like her. She is currently working with another single mother, Pham Thi Thoan (26). Thi Thoan also married at the age of 19, and got divorced in 2011 shortly after her baby was born. The pair collaborate like sisters on the restaurant, which is open from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m.
"If they had been self-reliant in their homelands, they would not have had to come to Korea"
The ultimate goal of the social enterprise OYORI ASIA is to support women like Ngoc Nhon to become self-reliant and live their lives. Why did founder Jihey Lee, who was once an outstanding marketer at an IT company, decide to set up this social enterprise?
"I felt skeptical about the way I made money with the contents full of sensationalism. As a woman, I did not want such anti-feminist things, so I started a new business", Lee said.
She opened a restaurant with the conviction that the easiest point of entry for socially-vulnerable immigrant women without educational backgrounds or personal networks would be the restaurant business. Lee is also interested in the development of local franchises of Oyori for women in underdeveloped nations. One such franchise is 'CaféMitini', launched in 2013 in Kathmandu, Nepal. It offers free tutoring and internship programs for women who cannot afford barista training due to the high costs. She explained, "The reasons why women in poor countries choose international marriage are mostly economic. If they had been self-reliant in their homelands, they would not have had to come to Korea to marry an utter stranger". She added, "We should extend the support for self-reliance to women in underdeveloped countries in Asia".
The efforts of Oyori are bearing fruits. Dawa Dabuti Sherpa, who has worked at Café Mitini for four years and first joined as a trainee, has finally realized her dream. Expect the opening of 'Café Mitini No.2' in July this year, she said. "I dream of becoming a good barista through the program. I would like to open a big café in my homeland, Nepal, in the future."
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Urban lighting presents challenges for designers
LED fittings are now suitable for use as uplighters, and will soon become widely used for flood and wash lighting applications, although a number of issues need to be considered.
LED installation
Carl Gardner, a lighting designer based in the UK whose main focus is on exterior and urban lighting, is involved in a city square regeneration project in the town of Sunderland in the north-east of England. The project, says Gardner, has focused his mind on the issues associated with using LEDs in this type of architectural lighting application.
What are the prospects for LED lighting?
LEDs are now being used in areas where two to three years ago they wouldn't have been considered. The power wasn't there for uplighting small fountains and trees, for example. Until now, the use of LEDs has been mostly confined to marker lights, recessed lights, and orientation lights in the ground. We're just about to see the advent of wash and flood lights, and genuine recessed burial fittings; I expect to see exponential growth in this area in the next 12-18 months as people come to grips with the issues surrounding LEDs.
To read the rest of this article, please register for a free subscription to LEDs Magazine Review.Why?
Existing subscribers:Click here to enter your reader number and download the new issue.
Osram partners with facilities technology and management company for IoT
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SIL speakers explore the past and future of SSL
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Snag leaves London street lights on during the day for three months


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Vitbröstad mesit (Mesitornis variegatus) är en hotad fågel i familjen mesiter inom ordningen mesitfåglar. Liksom de övriga arterna i familjen förekommer den endast på Madagaskar.

Utseende
Vitbröstad mesit är en 31 cm lång ralliknande och marklevande fågel med fyllig stjärt och rätt litet huvud. Ovansidan är rostbrun med en grå fläck på övre delen av manteln och ett brett, mörkkantat ögonbrynsstreck. Näbben är rätt kort, rak och mörkgrå. På huvudet syns även en blåaktig ögonring, vitaktigt ansikte och svart mustaschstreck som övergår i ett ljust kastanjebrunt bröstband. Nedre delen av bröstet täcks av spridda svarta halvmånar, medan buken är tättbandat svartfläckig.

Utbredning och systematik
Fågeln förekommer i lövfällande torrskogar på västra Madagaskar. Den behandlas som monotypisk, det vill säga att den inte delas in i några underarter.

Status och hot
Internationella naturvårdsunionen IUCN behandlar arten som utrotningshotad och placerar den i hotkategorin sårbar. Utbredningsområdet är litet och fragmenterat och det minskar i omfång. Till följd av detta tros artens population minska i antal, sannolikt kraftigt. Världspopulationen uppskattas idag till 5300 vuxna fåglar.

Noter

Externa länkar

 Bilder och filmer på Internet Bird Collection
 Läten på xeno-canto.org

Mesiter
Fåglar i etiopiska regionen
Endemiska fågelarter på Madagaskar


text:
Ballad of the Broken Seas — дебютный студийный альбом дуэта Марка Ланегана и Изобель Кэмпбелл, изданный в 2006 году.

Об альбоме
Изобель Кэмпбелл записала бо́льшую часть Ballad of the Broken Seas в родном городе Глазго, после чего отправила материал в Лос-Анджелес, где Марк Ланеган завершил работу над альбомом. Запись была положительно принята критиками и номинировалась на Mercury Music Prize, вызвав некоторую критику, так как премия присуждается только британским и ирландским исполнителям, а Ланеган является американцем.

Отзывы
Рецензент Allmusic Марк Деминг описал Ballad of the Broken Seas как «яркий и впечатляющий результат смешения сладкого ангельского шёпота с виски-никотиновым скрежетом, продуктом десяти тысяч ночей в барах» и сравнил дуэт Кэмпбелл и Ланегана с дуэтом Ника Кейва и Кайли Миноуг на альбоме The Bad Seeds Murder Ballads. Брайан Хоу из Pitchfork в положительном контексте отметил, что альбому «удалось стать интересным и запоминающимся, не понаделав шума по поводу своего выхода». Критики The Guardian и Drowned in Sound Бетти Кларк и Майк Дайвер пришли к одному выводу, что «потенциально катастрофическая связь милой и невинной Кэмпбелл с Ланеганом, сгорбившимся на барном стуле в окружении бутылки виски и пепельницы, полной окурков, превратилась в чрезвычайно красивые отношения».

Список композиций

Примечания

Ссылки
 Альбом на сайте Discogs

Альбомы 2006 года
Дебютные альбомы 2006 года
Альбомы Марка Ланегана
Альбомы V2 Records


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text:
\section{Introduction}
In this note we study the Gelfand-Kazhdan criterion for the Gelfand property (see \cite{GK}) and show that under some conditions it is not only a sufficient condition but also a necessary one.
We discus mostly finite groups, but we hope that some of these methods can be pushed to the generality of $p$-adic groups (and even Lie groups).
The Gelfand-Kazhdan criterion was originally developed as a version of the Gelfand trick
that is valid for $p$-adic groups and not only for compact groups. However,  even for finite groups  the Gelfand-Kazhdan criterion is slightly  more informative than the Gelfand trick.

The main result of this note is the following:
\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:GK1}
Let $G$ be a finite group,  $\theta:G\to G$ be an involution and $H \subset G$ be a $\theta$-stable subgroup. Assume that for any $x\in G$ there exists $g\in G$ s.t.
$gx^{-1}g^{-1}=\theta(x)$.
Then the following are equivalent:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $(G,H)$ is a Gelfand pair.
\item  For any $x\in G$ there are $h_1,h_2\in H$ s.t. $h_1x^{-1} h_2 =\theta(x)$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}

We also have slightly more general version of this theorem.
\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:GK2}
Let $G$ be a finite group,  $\theta:G\to G$ be an involution and $H \subset G$ be a $\theta$-stable subgroup.
Then the following are equivalent:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $(G,H)$ is a Gelfand pair and any $H$-distinguished representation $\pi$ of $G$ {(i.e.~a representation satisfying $(\pi)^H \neq 0$)} satisfies $\pi \circ \theta \cong \pi^*$.
\item  For any $g\in G$ there are $h_1,h_2\in H$ s.t. $h_1g^{-1} h_2 =\theta(g)$
\end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}
This theorem implies the previous one

We can generalize this Theorem  further:

\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:GK3}
Let $G$ be a finite group,  $\theta:G\to G$ be an involution and $H \subset G$ be a subgroup.
Then the following are equivalent:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $(G,H)$ is a Gelfand pair and any $H$-distinguished representation possesses a symmetric non-zero bilinear form $B$ satisfying  $B(\pi(g)v,w)=B(v,\pi(\theta(g^{-1}))w)$.
\item  For any $g\in G$ there are $h_1,h_2\in H$ s.t. $h_1g^{-1} \theta(h_2) =\theta(g)$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}

Theorem \ref{thm:GK3} implies Theorem \ref{thm:GK2} by \cite[Proposition 3]{Vin06}.

The last theorem follows from  Proposition \ref{prop:decomposition} below which is a reinterpretation of the original proof of the Gelfand-Kazhdan criterion.
In order to formulate this proposition, we  need to recall the definition of the twisted Frobenius–Schur indicator.
\begin{notation}
Let $\pi \in \mathrm{irr} (G)$  and let $\theta:G\to G$ be an involution. We denote $$\varepsilon_\theta(\pi)=
\begin{cases}
0,& \pi\not\simeq \pi^* \circ \theta, \\
1,  & \pi  \text{ possesses a non-zero symmetric bilinear form $B$ satisfying}\\& B(\pi(g)v,w)=B(v,\pi(\theta(g^{-1}))w), \\
-1,  & \pi  \text{ possesses a non-zero anti-symmetric bilinear form $B$ satisfying }\\& B(\pi(g)v,w)=B(v,\pi(\theta(g^{-1}))w). \\
\end{cases}$$
\end{notation}
\begin{proposition}
\label{prop:decomposition}
Let $G$ be a finite group,  $\theta:G\to G$ be an involution and $H \subset G$ be a subgroup.
Let $V$ be the space of functions on $G$ which are left invariant w.r.t. $H$, right invariant w.r.t. $\theta(H)$  and anti-invariant w.r.t. $\sigma:=\theta \circ \mathrm{inv}$, where $\mathrm{inv}:G\to G$ is the inversion. Then
$$V \cong \left(
\bigoplus_{\varepsilon_\theta(\pi)=0} \pi^H \otimes  (\pi^*)^{\theta(H)}
\right )^{S_2,\mathrm{sign}}
\oplus
\left (
\bigoplus_{\varepsilon_\theta(\pi)=1} \Lambda^2(\pi^H)
\right )
\oplus
\left (
\bigoplus_{\varepsilon_\theta(\pi)=-1}Sym^2(\pi^H)
\right ),
$$
where the action of $S_2$  on $\bigoplus_{\varepsilon_\theta(\pi)=0} \pi^H \otimes  (\pi^*)^{\theta(H)}$ is given by the involution $s(v\otimes w)\mapsto w\otimes v$ where $v\otimes w\in \pi^H\otimes (\pi^*)^{\theta(H)}$  and $w\otimes v\in   (\pi^*)^{\theta(H) } \otimes    \pi^H \cong   (\pi^*\circ \theta)^H  \otimes   (\pi^*\circ \theta)$
\end{proposition}

\begin{cor}
Using the notations above we have,
$${\#\{O\in H \backslash  G/\theta(H):\sigma(O)\neq O\}}=\sum_{\pi\in \mathrm{irr}(G)} \dim(\pi^H) \left ( \dim(\pi^{\theta(H)})-\varepsilon_\theta(\pi) \right ).$$
\end{cor}

\subsection{The case of $p$-adic and real groups}
Some of the arguments above work also for $l$-groups and even real reductive groups.
First of all, as in the original Gelfand-Kazhdan criterion, the second condition in all three theorems should be replaced by a condition on distributions. Similarly, the space $V$ as above should be replaced by a space of distributions.

The proof of \cite{Vin06} works also for $l$-groups (see \cite[Lemma 3]{Vin06}), and the same argument seems to work for real reductive groups.
Thus, the main difference is in Proposition \ref{prop:decomposition}.   Proposition \ref{prop:decomposition} does not work as is in those cases. However, the construction of the spherical (a.k.a.~relative) character gives an embedding $$ \nu:\left(
\bigoplus_{\varepsilon_\theta(\pi)=0} (\pi^*)^H \otimes  (\tilde \pi^*)^{\theta(H)}
\right )^{S_2,\mathrm{sign}}
\oplus
\left (
\bigoplus_{\varepsilon_\theta(\pi)=1} \Lambda^2((\pi^*)^H)
\right )
\oplus
\left(
\bigoplus_{\varepsilon_\theta(\pi)=-1}Sym^2((\pi^*)^H)
\right)\to V.$$
Using this, the implication $(2) \Rightarrow (1)$
 of Theorems \ref{thm:GK1}, \ref{thm:GK2} and \ref{thm:GK3} follows.
 In fact, this is a reformulation of the classical proof of the Gelfand-Kazhdan criterion, and its extension that was proven in  \cite{JR}. It is reasonable to expect that in many cases $\nu$ has dense image. If this is the case, then Theorems \ref{thm:GK1}, \ref{thm:GK2} and \ref{thm:GK3} hold in the $p$-adic and real settings. Namely,  consider the following:

\begin{defn}
Let $H_1,H_2 \subset G$ be subgroups of an $l$-group or of a real reductive group and let ${\mathcal{S}}^*(G)$ denote the space of Schwartz distributions on $G$. We say that $(G,H_1,H_2)$  satisfies spectral density if the space spanned by spherical characters of irreducible  (admissible) representations of $G$  w.r.t. $H_1,H_2$ is dense in ${\mathcal{S}}^*(G)^{H_1\times H_2}$.
\end{defn}
We prove that a weaker property is satisfied in the $p$-adic case for many cases in \cite[Theorems C and D]{AGS_Z}.

The argument above show the following:
\begin{theorem}
If $G$ is an $l$-group (or real reductive group)  and $H$ is a subgroup s.t.  $(G,H,H)$  satisfies  spectral density, then Theorems \ref{thm:GK1}, \ref{thm:GK2} and \ref{thm:GK3} hold for $G,H$ with the above mentioned changes.
\end{theorem}

\section{Double invariant functions and multiplicities (proof of Proposition \ref{prop:decomposition})}
Let $X=G/H$, and set $H'=\theta(H)$ and $X'=G/H'$.
Let $\sigma$ be the involution of $X\times X'$ given by $([g],[h])\mapsto ([\theta(h)],[\theta(g)])$.
We have $$\mathbb{C}[X]=\bigoplus_{\pi\in \mathrm{irr} (G)} \pi \otimes (\pi^*)^H ~~~~~\text{~ and ~}~~~~~ \mathbb{C}[X']=\bigoplus_{\pi\in \mathrm{irr} (G)} \pi \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'}.$$ Thus

$$W:=\mathbb{C}[G]^{H \times H'}\cong \mathbb{C}[X\times X']^{\Delta G}\cong \bigoplus_{\pi \in \mathrm{irr} (G)}  (\pi^*)^H \otimes (\pi)^{H'},$$
where $\Delta G$ denotes the diagonal embedding of $G$ into $G \times G$.
Its remains to understand the action of $\sigma$ on $W$.
For this let us first analyze the action of $\sigma$ on $\mathbb{C}[X\times X']$.   We have

\begin{flalign*}
\mathbb{C}[X\times X']
&\cong \bigoplus_{\pi,\tau \in \mathrm{irr} (G)} \pi\otimes (\pi^*)^H \otimes \tau \otimes (\tau^*)^{H'}
\cong \bigoplus_{\pi,\tau \in \mathrm{irr} (G)} (\pi \circ \theta) \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'} \otimes \tau \otimes (\tau^*)^{H'} \\
&\cong \bigoplus_{\pi,\tau \in \mathrm{irr} (G)} (\pi \circ \theta) \otimes \tau \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'}  \otimes (\tau^*)^{H'}\\
&\cong\left(\bigoplus_{\pi \in \mathrm{irr} (G)} (\pi \circ \theta) \otimes \pi \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'}  \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'}\right)\oplus  \left(\bigoplus_{\pi\not\simeq \tau \in \mathrm{irr} (G)} (\pi \circ \theta) \otimes \tau \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'}  \otimes (\tau^*)^{H'}\right).
\end{flalign*}

The action of $\sigma$ on $$\bigoplus_{\pi\not\simeq \tau \in \mathrm{irr} (G)} (\pi \circ \theta) \otimes \tau \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'}  \otimes (\tau^*)^{H'}$$ is given by interchanging the summand corresponding to $(\pi,\tau)$ with the summand corresponding to $(\tau,\pi)$.
The action of $\sigma$ on
$$\bigoplus_{\pi\in \mathrm{irr} (G)} (\pi \circ \theta) \otimes \pi \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'}  \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'}$$ is by acting on each  summand separately, and is given by $$v\otimes w\otimes \alpha\otimes \beta\mapsto w\otimes v\otimes  \beta \otimes  \alpha.$$ Now, let us restrict  this action to  $((\pi \circ \theta) \otimes \pi \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'}  \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'})^{\Delta G}\cong((\pi \circ \theta) \otimes \pi)^{\Delta G} \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'}  \otimes (\pi^*)^{H'}$.  We see that the space $(\pi \circ \theta) \otimes \pi)^G$ is either $0$ or $1$-dimensional, and in the latter case, the action of $\sigma$ on it is given by $\varepsilon_\theta(\pi)$.

Finally we use the fact that $V=\{ w\in W:\sigma(w)=-w\}$ and obtain the required identity.

\bibliographystyle{alpha}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
La guerra otomano-safávida de 1623-1639 fue la última de una serie de conflictos que se libraron entre el Imperio Otomano y el Imperio Safávida, entonces los dos principales poderes del Cercano Oriente, sobre el control de Mesopotamia. Después del éxito inicial de los persas en recapturar Bagdad y la mayor parte del Irak moderno, habiéndolo perdido durante varios años, la guerra se convirtió en un estancamiento, ya que los persas no podían seguir avanzando en el Imperio Otomano y los mismos otomanos fueron distraídos por las guerras en Europa y debilitados por la agitación interna. Con el tiempo, los otomanos fueron capaces de recuperar Bagdad, y la firma del Tratado de Zuhab terminó la guerra en una victoria otomana, Con Mesopotamia, a pesar de que partes de ella fueron tomadas varias veces más adelante de manera breve por los persas, notablemente por Nader Shah, permaneció de ahí en adelante en las manos otomanas hasta su perdida en las consecuencias de la Primera Guerra Mundial.

Contexto
A partir de 1514, durante más de un siglo, el Imperio Otomano y el Imperio Safávida se dedicaron a la guerra casi constante sobre el control de la Transcaucasia y  laMesopotamia. Los dos estados eran los poderes más grandes de Asia Del oeste, y la rivalidad fue alimentada por diferencias dogmáticas: los otomanos eran musulmanes sunníes, mientras que los safávidas eran chiitas de la secta Qizilbash, y vistos como herejes por los otomanos

Después de que la Batalla de Chaldiran eliminara la influencia safávida en Anatolia, durante la Guerra Otomano-Safávida de 1532 a 1555 los otomanos conquistaron el Irak árabe, tomando Bagdad en 1534 y asegurando el reconocimiento de sus beneficios por el Tratado de Amasya en 1555. La paz duró dos décadas antes de que empezara otra guerra en 1578. Los persas estaban muy presionados, ya que los avances otomanos se combinaron con un ataque de los Shaybánidas al khorasán persa. La guerra terminó con el Tratado de Constantinopla en 1590, con una clara victoria otomana: los otomanos ocuparon Georgia, Revan, e incluso la antigua capital safávida Tabriz.

El nuevo Shah persa, Abbas I (reinado 1588–1629), reorganizó su ejército, levantando la nueva infantería  ghulam en imitación de los Jenízaros, reclutados de decenas de miles de circasianos y georgianos, armados con el mejor equipo y entrenamiento, y bendijo su tiempo. En 1603, lanzó una ofensiva que retomó Tabriz, Azerbaiyán y Georgia en el mismo año. Los otomanos, distraídos por guerras con la monarquía de los Habsburgo en Europa, fallado en ofrecer una resistencia efectiva. En 1622, después de una conclusión exitosa de la guerra contra los mogoles, y alentado por la agitación interna dentro del Imperio Otomano que siguió al asesinato del sultán Osman II (1618-1622), Abbas resolvió atacar las posesiones otomanas en Irak.

La guerra
la oportunidad del Shah vino con una serie de rebeliones en el Imperio otomano: Abaza Mehmed Pasha, el gobernador de Erzurum, se levantó en rebelión, mientras Bagdad había estado desde 1621 en las manos de un oficial Janissaries, el subashi Bakr, y sus seguidores. Bakr había buscado su reconocimiento como el pasha local de Porte, pero el Sultán había ordenado a Hafız Ahmed Pasha, gobernador de Diyarbakir, intervenir. Bakr entonces girado a Abbas, quién envió tropas en ayuda de Bakr. Para prevenir la captura persa de Bagdad, Hafız Ahmed rápidamente restauró relaciones con Bakr, quién regresó a la lealtad otomana. En respuesta, los persas sitiaron Bagdad y la tomaron el 14 de enero de 1624, con la ayuda del hijo de Bakr, Muhammad. La caída de la ciudad fue seguida por la masacre de una gran parte de su población sunni, en un intento del Shah por transformar Bagdad en una ciudad puramente chiita.

La caída de Bagdad fue un importante golpe al prestigio otomano. Guarniciones otomanas y las tribus locales comenzaron a desertar, y los persas pronto capturaron la mayoría de Irak, incluyendo las ciudades de Kirkuk y Mosul y los santos santuarios Shia de Najaf y Karbala, los cuales el Shah visitó. En 1625, Hafız Ahmed Pasha, ahora Gran Visir, marchó para retomar Bagdad. A pesar de una política de "tierra quemada" ordenada por el Shah, el ejército otomano logró recuperar Bagdad en noviembre en tres lados. Los asaltos otomanos sobre la ciudad lograron penetrar en las fortificaciones exteriores, pero fallaron en tomar la ciudad antes de la llegada de un ejército de rescate bajo Shah Abbas. Los otomanos se retiraron entonces dentro de su fuerte campamento fortificado y continuaron procesando el sitio . En respuesta, Abbas decidió interceptar los convoyes de suministros otomanos. Esta estrategia dio sus frutos: los otomanos se vieron obligados a arriesgar un ataque contra el ejército persa, que fue rechazado con grandes pérdidas, y el 4 de julio de 1626, el ejército otomano levantó el sitio y se retiró a Mosul.

En 1629, los otomanos, habiendo asegurado la paz con los Habsburgo, reunieron sus fuerzas para otra ofensiva bajo el nuevo y capaz Gran Visir Gazi Hüsrev Pasha. Un invierno severo y fuertes inundaciones hicieron imposibles las operaciones en el centro de Irak, y Hüsrev volvió a su ejército al este, invadiendo Persia propiamente dicha. El 4 de mayo de 1630 encaminó a los persas bajo Zainal Khan Begdeli Shamlu en la batalla en Mahidasht cerca de Kermanshah y procedió a saquear la ciudad de Hamadan. Hüsrev Pasha Entonces girado atrás hacia Bagdad y asediado él en noviembre. Aun así el asedio tuvo que ser lifted pronto, cuando la #inicio de otro invierno pesado acechó sus líneas de comunicación.
A raíz de su retirada, los persas restablecieron su control de Irak y sometieron a las poblaciones Kurdas rebeldes. En los años siguientes se produjeron incursiones y escaramuzas constantes, sin que ninguna de las partes reivindicara ninguna ventaja decisiva. Shah Safi (1629-42) envió una delegación de paz a la corte otomana, pero el nuevo Gran Visir, Tabanıyassi Mehmed Pasha, rechazó sus demandas. El Caucasian frente de los persas acampanados arriba otra vez en 1633, cuando los inquietos reinos georgianos de Kartli y Kakheti, bajo el gobierno del rey Teimuraz, desafiaron la soberanía safávida. En 1634, Rustam Khan, un georgiano convertido al islam, fue enviado por el Shah para someterlos. Teimuraz fue derrotado, pero logró escapar a salvo en Imereti. Sin embargo logrará restaurarse en el trono de Kakheti en 1638, e incluso ganar el reconocimiento persa de este hecho.

En 1635, en un esfuerzo consciente para emular a sus predecesores guerreros, el sultán Murad IV tomó el liderazgo del ejército. Los otomanos tomaron Revan (el 8 de agosto) y saquearon Tabriz. El sultán regresó triunfante a Estambul, pero sus victorias fueron de corta duración: en la primavera del año siguiente, Shah Safi retomó Revan y derrotó al ejército otomano. Las renovadas propuestas de paz persas fracasaron, y en 1638, otra vez Murad dirigió personalmente un ejército contra Bagdad. La ciudad cayó en diciembre después de un asedio de 39 días, restaurando efectivamente el control otomano sobre Irak, y las negociaciones de paz comenzaron poco después.

Consecuencias
El Tratado de Zuhab, concluido el 17 de mayo de 1639, finalmente estableció la frontera otomano-persa, con Irak permanentemente cedido a los otomanos. Mesopotamia, que había formado parte importante de varios imperios persas de la época de los aqueménidas, fue irrevocablemente perdida. Armenia oriental permaneció persa, y las ganancias otomanas en Georgia occidental y la cesión de Armenia occidental fueron reconocidas. En términos generales, el Tratado de Zuhab reafirmó las disposiciones del Tratado de Amasya de 1555. La paz estableció un equilibrio permanente de poder en la región, ya pesar de futuros conflictos y ajustes menores, la frontera postulada por el tratado sigue siendo hasta el día de hoy la frontera occidental de Irán con Irak y Turquía.

Véase también
 Captura de Bagdad (1638)

Referencias

Fuentes
 Cooper, J. P. (1979).
 Faroqhi, Suraiya (2006).
 Finkel, Caroline (2006).
 Holt, P. M.; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1978).
 Newman, Andrew J. (2006).
 Roemer, H. R. (1986).
 Savory, Roger (2007).

Irán en el siglo XVII
Historia del Cáucaso
Años 1620 en el Imperio otomano
Años 1630 en el Imperio otomano
Georgia en el siglo XVII


text:
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