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Air Temperature Rise Calculator
The result is colder temperatures further up the mountain. The internal temperature will continue to rise until the heat transfer through the enclosure/application surfaces to the ambient air equals the amount of heat produced by the internal components. The primary aspects of a properly designed engine room ventilation system are cooling air and combustion air. Starting conditions: Sea level, 25 deg C, Dew point 13 deg C. inside a referee's locker room) to a final temperature (e. The data on this page should be considered engineering guidelines, as among other factors, air flow in the final application is not provided. The air temperature is not greater than 50 o F for more than one-half of any 24 hour period. This warms the ground. This effect, called churning, leads to a sharp temperature rise. q = m x C x DT. A: External layers have better heat transfer than internal layers as air dissipates heat due to convection, while the internal dielectric does not conduct heat as well. The following is a simple tool to help you evaluate the interplay of the various thermal design parameters that influence junction temperature. KWheat-up = [(M x Cp x ΔT x SF)/3412]/t. (see also: Quick estimates for thermal wattage requirements) In this first part we focus on the wattage required for process start-up. Inlet static temperature and pressure calculations. calculating peak heating and cooling loads, as the first step of HVAC system design. The air parcel continues up the 2000-meter mountain, condensing out moisture as clouds as it rises and all condensate falls to the ground as precipitation. 10 J mol-1 K-1 Assume also for air that PV/T is a constant, regardless of the changes it undergoes. In other words, as the air temperature rises far-ther above the dew point, condensation will not occur, so the heat of condensation will not affect the rate of rise in temperature. If the pressure remains constant, adding more heat does not cause the temperature to rise any further but causes the water to form saturated steam. The actual temperature rise will be higher when core and wind- ing losses are involved. During the typical day the surface heats and during the night it cools. What is the difference between Outside Air Temperat Stack Exchange Network Stack Exchange network consists of 175 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. beyond Mach 1. Calculate the heat and work requirements and ΔU and ΔH of the air for each path. Knowing the starting temperature & the dewpoint you can derive the cloudbase. 405 @ -80 deg C. Here it is assumed that all of the heat to be dissipated is picked up by the air; i. Are you interested in representing CaptiveAire and selling our products? Please fill out the following form, and we will contact you soon. Since the temperature difference of the air is small and air is at low temperature, we will use a constant heat capacity for air of 1. Numbers in parentheses following the scenario name represent the number of simulations shown. 0 times heavier than air. When the air temperature is 50°F and it contains 0. Air flow pattern, Air tightness, Modeling, High-rise residential buildings, infiltration, ventilation INTRODUCTION To provide good indoor air quality or to calculate space conditioning loads for energy consumption it is important to know the air flow pattern into and within a building. A motor rated for 40°C is suitable for installation where the normal surrounding air temperature does not exceed 40°C (104°F). I have a 1996 Nissan Maxima. Compost Physics. The initial values, which are found below, are for the current earth-atmosphere-sun system. We can then restart the compressor and complete the. Dear LuckyTran, There is no any pressure rise. Here we can calculate Initial Volume, Final Volume, Thermal Volumetric Expansion Coefficient, Initial Temperature, Final Temperature. Solution We apply the first law of thermodynamics Q + W = Δ E Since there is no work being added to the air in the room ΔE = Q We will assume that each person gives off approximately 2500 kcal/day (equal to the average. SCIENCE A30 REVIEW PROBLEMS with solutions Spring 2007 PROBLEM 1. To calculate True Air Temperature (T) use T= IAT-ΔT. m x c x (t2 – t1). To calculate the Btu/hr required to support the product loading, multiply the total load (parts, rack, conveyor chain and trolleys) by the specific heat (Btu required per lb °F) by the temperature rise. 015 °C accuracy. After rising 200 m the temperature cools to 33 C. obtained by calculation or from a graph. On the other hand, unstable air will easily rise. The time series below shows the five-year average variation of global surface temperatures. 24 A steel tank is completely filled with 2. Evaporation is inevitable because the higher temperature corresponds to higher water vapor pressure. Dear LuckyTran, There is no any pressure rise. 5° C with each increase in altitude of 1 kilometer (about 3. A British thermal unit (BTU) is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Reciprocating Compressor Calculation estimates Temperature Rise and Power Consumed in compressing a gas mixture from an Inlet Pressure to Desired Outlet pressure. 39 J/g o C: 3. 38 °F per 1,000 ft) (3. The result is the graph below, showing that CO 2 forcing can explain the temperature rise. Reply Delete. Air is of course only about 99% diatomic O2 and N2. The closer you get the intercooler outlet temperature to the outside air temperature the smaller DTlm gets, which makes the heat transfer tougher. Engine Room Ventilation This guide addresses engine room ventilation considerations that apply to the successful installation, operation and maintenance of Cat engines, generator sets, compressor units, and other packaged units. The number is not really constant because the volume of the air varies with altitude, temperature, and humidity. How does water pressure change with increasing temperature? « Reply #7 on: 30/04/2011 16:34:13 » Plus the change in air pressure with temperature and also the fact that less air will dissolve in hot water, but the vapour pressure is the biggest change. Re-circulation Heat Rises: Please specify any additional temperature rise from ambient, that will be associated with a re-circulation problem. But I encountered a big problem!. inside a referee's locker room) to a final temperature (e. Where IAT is the Indicated Air Temperature and ΔT is the Temperature Rise. You can expect Heatco to deliver innovative, energy efficient equipment using the most up to date components and manufacturing techniques. Key terms Ambient temperature is the temperature of the air (or other cooling medium) that surrounds the motor. •The maximum temperature for the pump room is 49 C (120 F ) at the air cleaner inlet with the engine running at rated load. The Combined Gas Law is a gas law which combines Charles's law, Boyle's law, and Gay-Lussac's law. Application Design Parameters: Maximum Ambient Air Temp. 005 kJ/kg∙K, from Table A-2 on page 909. The understanding of air flow through and within buildings has been based on the requirement for continuity of mass and momentum caused by wind forces, thermal effects (stack action) and forces associated with the operation of mechanical cooling, heating, exhaust and other ventilation systems. How To Properly Select a Fan or Blower Explanation or in metric equivalent, it is rated in Pascal's (Pa). It requires 0. Air pressure, temperature and density all contribute to cloud formation. is reached, then it cools at the WALR. 15K and 1 bar the molar volume of air is 0. Calculate Temperature, Dewpoint, or Relative Humidity Tweet. Why does Hot Air Rise? Warm air rises, and when it rises it becomes cooler. Soil-water potential is then determined as potential energy per unit quantity of water, relative to the reference potential of zero. The temperature rise will occur at a greater rate initially, and then slow until stabilization. The temperature of air is increased slightly by fans because the fans introduce some randomness into the motion of the air, more so than if the fan wasn't there. This data is found on your heater's data tag. Use the following formula to determine the Btu/hour output requirement of the heater: Pool Area x Temperature Rise x 12. Evaporation is inevitable because the higher temperature corresponds to higher water vapor pressure. Physical characteristics of the compost ingredients, including moisture content and particle size, affect the rate at which composting occurs. The mountain is 6000 feet high in elevation. Ever wonder what dew point is exactly? Do you know what the recommended best practices are for measuring it in a compressed air system? With this Top 9 FAQ Guide and the right products from Industrial Controls, you will learn everything there is to know about dew point and its role in keeping your equipment functioning properly. Height (In) lOOO ( I km) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Earth's surface Milli-g 35°C ® Parcel Temperature decreasing at the dry adiabatic lapse rate: 1"Cl100 m Figure 6-2. Adiabatic expansion of a gas will lower its temperature; adiabatic compression of a gas will increase its temperature. Air Temperature Rise Calculation In Air Fan Cooler - posted in Industrial Professionals: Dear friends,I am going to do a hand calculation that is like example 10. 08 at sea level. Heat gains are either sensible, tending to cause a rise in air temperature or latent, causing an increase in moisture content. See our equilibrium temperature calculator for more detail. According to this method, one can determine how much moist a moisturizer must spray. Stability of Air. But I think it is a leap to say that at 100% of the rated power the body temperature will rise 85degC. We have laid the model out in two columns. For surface temperature rise rates equal to or less than 10 °R/sec where τ0 = 0. Internal heat load can be deteremined by measuring the difference in temperatrues between the inside and outside of the sealed enclosure with no fans running and all components operating at full power. What is the air parcel temperature at the crest of the mountain (2000 m above sea level)? [Assume the average moist adiabatic lapse rate of 7 Celsius degrees per 1 km] B. At temperatures above 70 degrees F, air density is less (lighter air) and at temperatures below 70 degrees F, air density is greater (heavier air). Ventilation for buildings — Calculation of room temperatures and of load and energy for buildings with room conditioning systems Lüftung von Gebäuden — Berechnung der Raumtemperaturen und der Last und Energie für Gebäude mit Systemen zur Raumkonditionierung. Air Core Coil Inductor Inductance Calculator. However, the concept of a global average temperature is convenient for detecting and tracking changes in Earth's energy budget—how much sunlight Earth absorbs minus how much it radiates to space as heat—over time. Swimming Pool Heater Size Calculator. While it may surprise some of you "air heads," there are regions of the country where homes and buildings are heated with water. Electric heater calculators including Power Flowrate Temperature, F to C conversion, Single Phase and Three Phase Unit, Ohms Law, Convection Heat Transfer, ACFM to SCFM, Mass Flow to Volumetric Flow and Enclosure Heating calculators. Hi, The answer for this comes from the gas laws. When the air contains little water, this lapse rate is known as the dry adiabatic lapse rate: the rate of temperature decrease is 9. temperature for a period of 15 minutes as determined by the transient method. Here we can calculate Heat Transfer Rate or Flux, Thermal Conductivity Constant, Temperature Differential, Distance or Length. Problem #10: Since the dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR) is 10 C/km, this rate is the same as 1 C / 100 m. Different international standards have different treatments of the temperature rise constant, but by way of. Then birds must avoid overheating and sudden death. Therefore, using this figure, as a design temperature will, on an average, cover all but 22 hours of expected winter temperatures. The amount of heat needed to raise the air temperature within the box is not of great importance here. Wattage Calculator. C= q/m x DT. View example; Note 1: If you don't know the Recovery Coefficient (C T) set it to 1.  View all of our weather calculators. Lbs/ft3 = Density of air or gas at initial temperature Cp = Specifi c heat of air or gas at initial temperature ΔT = Temperature rise in °F SF = Suggested Safety Factor For quick estimates of air heating require-ments for inlet temperatures up to 120°F, the following formula can be used. In these cases the calculated heat transfer due to radiation internally will be understated. For dry air g=1. Temperature Converter License. 5°C winding temperature rise above the insulation rating of the motor, the motor operating life will be reduced by 50%. Thanks for the share. Specialties: I am experienced in service and Repair and my customers are always pleased with my friendliness and my thorough work ethic. First calculate the surface area of the enclosure and, from the expected heat load and the surface area, determine the heat input power in watts/ft. Elapsed TimeElapsed timeOutside Air Temperature (F)7075808590950 minutes70758085909510 minutes89949910410911420. 6 meters per second (m/s) for every degree-Celsius (°C) increase in temperature. NESS ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DATA WATER COOLING Water cooling is often used in order to help dissipate or at least transfer large amounts of dissipated power (heat) which can be typical of many power electronics and repetitive pulsed power applications. The gas check keeps the combustion gasses from eroding the base of the bullet and leaving lead deposits in the barrel. Single Stop Temperature Rise. High temperature rise with high CFM and high static pres-sure permit these types of heaters to use air from outside the building to pressurize the building. Operating temp. Constant and variable supply air temperature control schemes will be compared and discussed. Electric heater calculators including Power Flowrate Temperature, F to C conversion, Single Phase and Three Phase Unit, Ohms Law, Convection Heat Transfer, ACFM to SCFM, Mass Flow to Volumetric Flow and Enclosure Heating calculators. 7 direct method Calculation method that can be applied manually 3. This is relevant to conservators. still air, and heat from nearby components. This expansion lowers the temperature of the air parcel, and therefore the air cools as it rises. IT is hence the increase in density which compensated. Re-circulation Heat Rises: Please specify any additional temperature rise from ambient, that will be associated with a re-circulation problem. 7 °C) would feel like 83. As a general rule of thumb, a temperature between 70 and 80°F is a comfortable temperature for most people. Maintaining constant body temperature is thus not just a problem for birds trying to keep from chilling in cold weather; it is an even more critical problem when the air temperature rises above that of the body. The change between liquid and ice is thus called a "first-order phase transition". Some people confuse this with the expected temperature rise of the motor, which it is not. " Thanks for the post. It will lead you through a sample project. 0 °C/1,000 ft). When estimating the power dissipated within a system, use a worst-case estimate for a fully loaded system to allow for the possibility of future changes and additions of heat generating. 20-22F I will tell you what my training material stated the answer was after I hear what others have to say I am getting conflicting info. Soil temperature varies from month to month as a function of incident solar radiation, rainfall, seasonal swings in overlying air temperature, local vegetation cover, type of soil, and depth in the earth. During the process, the air is compressed to 28. During this time you can see the effects of latent heat, not with the water temperature, but in the generation of steam. The first is 2000 m high (2 km) and the second is 3000 m high (3 km). Since there's less air in the upper atmosphere, there's less stuff pushing back on the balloon, and hence the pressure is lower, which allows the balloon to expand. As the sun continues to rise, the temperature of the sunlit leaves rises rapidly because of the leaves' low heat capacity, and these leaves begin conducting energy to the nearby cooler air. For each 100 m the air rises it will cool by 1 degree Celsius. To get to 220F I need an inlet temp around 98F. Air temperature rise is the difference between the temperature of the return and the heated supply air from the furnace. When air is compressed rapidly, its volume decreases leading to increase in temperature. This total heat load is the combination of two factors — heat dissipated within the enclosure and heat transfer from outside into the enclosure. This is fairly straight forward, as you could calculate the heat capacity of the air (based on a constant multiplied by the mass of the air in the room). The temperature rise inside a sealed cabinet without forced ventilation can be approximated as follows. This factor, along with the substance's mass and the length of time during which power acts on it, lets you convert the substance's wattage to its final temperature, measured in degrees. Unless there was special insulation the insulation would melt and burn, but in free air the copper, having a much higher melting temperature, would not melt. True Airspeed (TAS): Density Altitude (DA): Pressure Altitude (PA): Note: Standard pressure is 29. The mountain is 6000 feet high in elevation. Calculating the LCL. ) The cooling load is 3000kW, the supply temp is 16deg C & the computer room temp is 26 deg C. The air temperature inside the bus duct rises because it has to dissipate the heat from the bus to the bus duct or to the air circulating/cooling system. The air parcel continues up the 2000-meter mountain, condensing out moisture as clouds as it rises and all condensate falls to the ground as precipitation. Calculating the Required Air fl ow for Cooling After the equipment specifi cations and conditions of your system have been determined, calculate required air fl ow to meet the conditions. Another cause of overheating is mixing incompatible greases, which can reduce the consistency of the grease and possibly the overall viscosity. The cooling process results from the air rising and cooling due to expansion. The Volumetric thermal expansion is the fractional change in density as temperature increases at constant pressure. You can expect Heatco to deliver innovative, energy efficient equipment using the most up to date components and manufacturing techniques. Vacuum Vessel at T1 TC1 Vacuum Vessel at T2 TC1 Figure 3. Two formulas can be used. Air Heating Systems - Using air to heat buildings - temperature rise diagram; Arithmetic and Logarithmic Mean Temperature Differences in Heat Exchangers - Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference - AMTD - and Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference - LMTD - formulas with examples - Online Mean Temperature Calculator. It is the inverse calculation of the above International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) & U. The closer you get the intercooler outlet temperature to the outside air temperature the smaller DTlm gets, which makes the heat transfer tougher. Numbers in parentheses following the scenario name represent the number of simulations shown. ì ê L G M ê á L G : 2 ê/ ê ; (6) Where ì ê; The winding temperature rise (oC),. The air temperature above the different materials did not mimic the trend shown in surface temperatures (Figure 3). As the liquid expands, it rises up in the tube. What you suggest is more or less true if the box was insulated and you said something like "apply 300 Watts for 10 seconds and compute the temperature rise". See our other Electronics Calculators. consider a sinking parcel of air -->> As the parcel sinks, it will adiabatically compress and warm. Rather than answer the question numerically I have outlined the four different cases, reversible / irreversible and isothermal / adiabatic. Why is the thermal resistance of an oscillator important to system designers? Board and system level designers need to design their printed circuit boards to handle the heat generated due to. 08 equals BTU loss or gain. The formula for calculating BTU loss or gain in converting CFM to BTU is temperature difference times actual CFM leakage times 1. Air temperature drops as we rise in altitude above the surface. If you need a 60-degree temperature change, multiply 12,000 times 60 (720,000). The principal objectives of chilled water pumping system selection and design are to. However, because the heat content of natural gas varies from day to day and hour to hour, and fuel oil from tank to tank, the temperature rise method should only be used to get the airflow close to the manufacturer's recommendation, and cannot be used for AC system capacity verification. Lbs/ft3 = Density of air or gas at initial temperature Cp = Specifi c heat of air or gas at initial temperature ΔT = Temperature rise in °F SF = Suggested Safety Factor For quick estimates of air heating require-ments for inlet temperatures up to 120°F, the following formula can be used. Larger units with 2, 3 or even 5" dial faces will typically be accurate to 1%. It is readily liquefied under moderate pressures. Hi, The answer for this comes from the gas laws. adiabatic - a process where the parcel temperature changes due to an expansion or compression, no heat is added or taken away from the parcel. Wattage Calculator. TEMPERATURE RISE IN YOUR BOARDS: A Quick and Easy way to Find the Temperatures in Your Boards Now You can Easily prevent overheating in Your Boards by knowing the temperatures long before you energize the board because overheating is a major cause of equipment failure, reducing the life of equipment and cables!. This parameter is sometimes used for calculation, when the power dissipation values are unspecified. Initially most of the heating takes place in the disc, however this can then be rapidly cooled by surrounding components and the air stream. Dew point temperature (com - monly referred to as 'dew point' or 'dewpoint') is the temperature at which water vapor in any gas at constant pressure begins to con - dense into liquid water at the same rate as it evaporates. The answer is your actual system airflow. Here we can calculate Initial Volume, Final Volume, Thermal Volumetric Expansion Coefficient, Initial Temperature, Final Temperature. Calculations for heating air in a duct. 40 psia (or about 500 ft. Time to reach equilibrium when PCB surface and air inside the box are at the same temperature. The ventilation system design of dry-type air-core reactor is a complex task that must determine the thermal loads to achieve the maximum insulation material exploitation. If a solid or liquid undergoes a small temperature change of just a few degrees, you can say that its volume will change in a way proportionate to the temperature change. Ambient temperature and allowable temperature rise are used to determine the rating for a motor. Click calculate to get your. Since our simplified analysis allows us to estimate the internal air temperature only we will use that value to calculate R radi. The temperature of air is increased slightly by fans because the fans introduce some randomness into the motion of the air, more so than if the fan wasn't there. 1 x heating cfm) Manufacturer's Temperature Rise Range. 18 J °C-1 g-1. The maximum temperature limit that is selected in order to minimize loss of strength, conductor. An alternative method is to base the calculation on the difference between theoretical and actual temperature rise. Soil Temperature. The parameter α t de-. The number is not really constant because the volume of the air varies with altitude, temperature, and humidity. The PT-104 is a high-precision temperature measurement data logger. 1 DENSITY LPG at atmospheric pressure and temperature is a gas which is 1. sealed off and insulated. 4 The ambient air temperature measured at approxi- 5. Soil Temperature. CFM calcs The calculation is as follows: CFM = BTUH Output/ delta T X's 1. Re: Temperature Time to Rise Calculator I believe there is an Excel viewer that is shareware. To calculate the pressure indicated by the manometer, enter the data below. Constant Volume Processes. Note: I don't want to go into details or very deep into the design (as I have seen some designer do the very complex and detailed calculation for these purposes). ÎThe temperature of the air parcel (or balloon) decreases with elti Thlt i dti th ttillevation. As a general rule of thumb, a temperature between 70 and 80°F is a comfortable temperature for most people. We take a look at how scientists measure global temperature. We find enthalpy by measuring wet bulb temperature and then converting it to enthalpy. Explosion Characteristics of Hydrogen-Air and Hydrogen-Oxygen Mixtures at Elevated Pressures Schroeder, V. 0 °C/1,000 ft). 2 Then the expected temperature rise can be read from the Sealed Enclosure Temperature Rise graph. When the air is not mixed completely, α t is larger than 1. When the nearby air temperature increases, convection cells begin growing and transporting heat energy higher and higher into the atmosphere. 10 J mol-1 K-1 Assume also for air that PV/T is a constant, regardless of the changes it undergoes. tain base or the. 1–31 The temperature of a system rises by 15°C during a heating process. 0°C$ when you drive it onto a ferryboat to Alaska. Air density increases as temperature decreases, and as a result, a greater cooling effect from air is achieved per m³ from a given fan flow. Calculates the Temperature Change of Water Flowing in a Pipe (Reference: 2009 ASHRAE HoF, Chapter 4, Equation 48, (pg 4. The rated furnace output air temperature is expressed as rise above the return air temperature and is given as a range, usually 30°F between a high and low temperature. Calculate Dissipation For MOSFETs In High-Power Supplies. In this example it requires 13,091 BTU to change the building's air temperature by 60 degrees. The volume of air flow required to cool an equipment can be determined, if the internal heat dissipation and the total rise in temperature allowable are known. We can now calculate temperature rise on the unit. It is extremely important to choose. Subtract the return air temperature from the supply air temperature to obtain the difference (delta t). Interglacial periods of 15,000- 20,000 years provide a brief respite from the normal state of our natural world-- an. 1 inches, τ1 = (τ – τ0), τ = actual thickness and = equivalent thickness. 2 and the ambient air temperature. 75J /(15g x 35 o C ) C= 0. 7 degrees Fahrenheit) over temperatures in the 1800s, before the. In this case, the energy is transferred from a high temperature region to low temperature region due to random molecular motion (diffusion). the ethanol has cooled off to the temperature of the tank and ground, which is 10. The temperature rise constant is calculated based on the material properties of the conductor and the initial and final conductor temperatures (see the derivation here). The dew point temperature is the temperature to which the air must be cooled before dew or frost begins to form. 0 times heavier than air. Heating a moist product causes evaporation. The parcel of air is 76. Since there's less air in the upper atmosphere, there's less stuff pushing back on the balloon, and hence the pressure is lower, which allows the balloon to expand. describes the relationship between the temperature and pressure of a gas. How it works. A small pocket thermometer for testing air conditioning systems or cooking has a dial about an inch in diameter and a temperature range of 0 to 220 degrees F. 2) Enter values in 2 of the 3 boxes. Relevant information about. When entering a day or year, you will need to click the "Calculate Sunrise/Sunset" button to update the results for this date. To maintain temperature requirements, the air in the building is circulated over a cooling coil at a certain rate determined from the equation Qs = 1. How to Calculate Heat Load for Your Enclosure. If the sun shines on the thermometer, it heats the liquid. Temperature rise must be measured during installation and must be within the range on the furnace rating plate. the Earth's surface is 97 W/ft. The 50 degree constant ground temp is a common misconception. The ratio between heat and a substance's temperature rise is its specific heat capacity. K = Constant for oC/Watt, representing a resistance times a constant versus temperature (derived from MIL-W-5088L, Figure 3, Amps/wire size at 50 oC rise) Simplified Calculation Assumptions. Equations displayed for easy reference. If you now take the balloon outside where the air temperature is, say, 20F and therefore 480R, and you wait long enough for the air (or helium or any other gas) inside the balloon to reach that same temperature, then the balloon would shrink in the same proportion. I suppose I should add that gamma varies with temp. According to the IEC 354 loading guide for oil immersed power transformers , the hotspot temperature in a transformer winding is the sum of three components: the ambient temperature rise, the top oil temperature rise, and the hot spot temperature rise over the top. Hi All, Could someone please help me with the calculations & an example of Watts consumed to Air Temperature rise in a given area: Eg: If we have a closed sealed container with no outside influences of area say 1 cubic meter, well insulated with an electrical heat source of the best efficiency supplying 100 Watts of heat inside. We will assume that air behaves as an ideal gas at the temperatures and pressures of the air in this problem. Enclosure Temperature Control Calculating Temperature Rise Enclosure temperature rise can be approximated using the following steps and calculations: 1. Thus, the air will exit from the server at 75°F. Adiabatic compression of an ideal gas: https. Pressure Drop Online-Calculator Calculation of pressure drops of flowing liquids and gases in pipes and pipe elements (laminar and turbulent flow). Dew Point Temperature Frequently Asked Questions Q. IIRC the temp rise expected by the IPCC is atmospheric and ocean surface layers. Temperature Rise Calculator. Discharge Air Temperature is the temperature of the air exiting the registers (vents). This factor, along with the substance's mass and the length of time during which power acts on it, lets you convert the substance's wattage to its final temperature, measured in degrees. After compression and combustion have heated the air, an increase in the velocity of gases is necessary in. Commonly the air density can be calculated with an equation of state or with an interpolated best-fit. There is a information about the air parcel temperature, dewpoint temperature, relative humidity and altitude to the right of the mountain diagram. temperature of 30oC the net power output increases by 11 percent at ISO-rated condition, accompanied by a 2 percent rise in thermal efficiency and a drop in specific fuel consumption of 2 percent. " Thanks for the post. industrial source. Determining return-air-plenum temperature is part of calculating cooling load. The way we measure temperature for the cooling BTU formula requires enthalpy as a factor in the formula. Enter your temperature variables 4. ii Foreword and Acknowledgments This report accounts for the master thesis work "short-time overloading of power transformers" performed between February 2011 and June 2011 in a co-operation between. Temperature Rise Calculation Software (TRCS) - Tutorial Th is tutorial will help you become familiar with the TRCS Temperature Rise Calculation Software. Some people confuse this with the expected temperature rise of the motor, which it is not. 08) Input: Temp. Thereafter the hot-spot temperature can be. Since our simplified analysis allows us to estimate the internal air temperature only we will use that value to calculate R radi. Determine the characteristic inlet radius dimension. Lbs/ft3 = Density of air or gas at initial temperature Cp = Specifi c heat of air or gas at initial temperature ΔT = Temperature rise in °F SF = Suggested Safety Factor For quick estimates of air heating require-ments for inlet temperatures up to 120°F, the following formula can be used. The actual temperature rise will be higher when core and wind- ing losses are involved. obtained by calculation or from a graph. To transfer heat from the refrigerant coolant temperature difference between the two, and that is the approach of a temperature difference (ATD), shown in Fig. The formulas on this page allow one to calculate the temperature rise for. In a separate experiment in the same calorimeter, the combustion of 0. Balloons 13 An Aside About Temperature Air's temperature on a conventional scale is related to average thermal kinetic energy per particle Air's temperature on an absolute scale is proportilional to average thlkiihermal kinetic energy per part. Hi All, Could someone please help me with the calculations & an example of Watts consumed to Air Temperature rise in a given area: Eg: If we have a closed sealed container with no outside influences of area say 1 cubic meter, well insulated with an electrical heat source of the best efficiency supplying 100 Watts of heat inside. Cable Selection Based on Short Circuit Temperature Rise. Relative to that concept, we discussed the fundamental process of performing a temperature rise test and presented a scenario in which the equipment under test showed that the temperature rise was excessive, and corrected the situation by simply changing the wiring connections of the air handler motor. RE: Calculation of air temperature rise due to large,short term heat load MintJulep (Mechanical) 23 Feb 04 12:52 While the power dissipation into the resistor bank is a short term event (10 seconds),that does not mean that the heat transfer from the resistors to the air also occurs within that 10 second period. Temperature rise is the difference between the temperature of the return air and the heated supply air to the furnace. It is closed to the optical efficiency of collector at low air temperature for the all solar intensities due to the smaller radiation heat loss under low temperature range. Temperature rise must be measured during installation and must be within the range on the furnace rating plate. Commonly the air density can be calculated with an equation of state or with an interpolated best-fit. Naturally Cooled Cubicle If no external air is fed to the cubicle, and no cooling fan is fitted to exchange air in the cubicle, the temperature rise can be estimated using the total power dissipated within the. I don't need a specific numerical answer but what I'm trying to arrive at is an equation that can calculate the temperature rise for this situation. 13°F per decade (see Figure 1). Calculating Winding Temperature Jay Schultz Product Manager, Motors Parker Hannifin In the course of applying rotary motors in applications, it sometimes becomes desirable to figure out the actual winding temperature given certain data. Calculate the heat and work requirements and ΔU and ΔH of the air for each path. One BTU will raise temperature 1 degree per 55 cubic feet, so divide by 55 (720,000/55). Winding temperature rise calculation model and the core temperature rise calculation model use the same principle, just with different values of empirical coefficients. Here we can calculate Heat Transfer Rate or Flux, Thermal Conductivity Constant, Temperature Differential, Distance or Length. These are electrolytic flotation, dispersed air flotation, and dissolved air flotation. By knowing the density of water, one can determine the mass flow rate based on the volumetric flow rate and then solve for the temperature rise. If the pressure remains constant, adding more heat does not cause the temperature to rise any further but causes the water to form saturated steam. Smoke, Heat, and Duct Detectors Application Bulletin 3 Heat detector applications Introduction WARNING: This detector is intended for use with ionization and/or photoelectric smoke detectors.


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The Problem

  Solving the climate crisis needs us to collaborate at all levels. Climate impacts are generally associated with heavy industries, such as cement, aviation and, of course, energy. But transformation needs all of us, and the creative sector – worth £111.7 billion to the UK in 2018, equivalent to £306 million every day, and £166 billion in the USA – has impacts just as every other sector does, and of course, its influence is immeasurable.

When JB was founded it was clear that, in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, collective ambition needed a common starting whistle, a baseline and a sound roadmap. With no environmental impact data available for the arts (a problem which persists today in most countries)  it was not possible to start this journey. Therefore, advocating the relevance of the climate crisis to culture, and building the tools and resources to take action was critical. We started by:

1. gathering data on greenhouse gas emissions with tolls co created with culture, collected at scale and over time;

2. championing case studies, solutions and stories of change;

3. building networks, knowledge-chains for the creative community, with events, training, projects and research programs;

4. producing culturally specific resources.

These foundations have evolved into a rich program that is now exploring creative climate leadership in order to scale the unmet potential of culture in all its manifestations, championing artists particularly through the lens of climate justice and focusing on cultural policy-making as a rapid agent of change. All the data, both quantitative and qualitative, is proving invaluable.

The climate crisis is a cultural crisis, in that it reflects our deepest values and identities. Environmental injustice is a growing problem and reflects cultural values that have, too often, championed human – and white - supremacy over all else; and therein lies the opportunity. Culture – artists, theatre makers, festival organizers, galleries and museums, poets and story-tellers – should be at the center of climate action, reframing the stories we tell ourselves and offering visions of a regenerative world in tune with the needs of nature and community. One of JB's most enduring partnerships with a consortium of cultural organizations in Manchester has resulted in culture recognized as vital for the city's ambitious climate targets. This is a rare recognition of culture's potential.

The Strategy

  Julie's Bicycle has at its core a free resource base for anyone in the world to use. The first is a set of carbon calculators co-produced by the UK cultural sector which provide a snapshot of, for example, the carbon footprint of tours, productions, buildings etc. These are used throughout the program for benchmarking and planning. These tools have been used by 5000 organizations across 50 countries. The Creative Green program offers consultancy, environmental reporting, and the world's first (though now not only) Green Certification for artistic organizations. The Green Tools are a starting point and Alison is developing a much broader, more holistic set of measurement tools, including science-based target tools, to provide to organizations. The Creative Green consultancy is an engine that helps to power the unfunded leadership work – advocacy and new ideas on the front lines of change, the 'profit maker' raising money through consultancy fees and royalties to fund policy shift and systems change.

These Creative Green tools provide a rich source of data and 'intelligence' on thousands of organizations and their procedures, progress, and approaches that inform all of Julie's Bicycle's policy work and future initiatives – a core part of their effectiveness. Any policy work is tracked, costed, and disseminated. Her research has been peer-reviewed by Oxford University.

Julie's Bicycle has worked with many cities to make the links between culture and climate policy clear, and build culture into sustainability strategies. The Manchester Arts Sustainability Team (MAST) found in a study that working with arts and young people was the most effective way to change behavior towards climate change. Together with Julie's Bicycle, their strategy is now being replicated in six other cities and has received an EU grant to replicate in six European countries.

She advocates for cultural policy change on a local, national, and international policy level to include culture in climate change plans.  Julie's Bicycle has a pioneering partnership with Arts Council England, which has required its core grant beneficiaries (currently around 800) to report annually on environmental impacts and have a policy. This requirement, in pace since 2012, has evolved and now includes the Accelerator Programme – 10 innovative projects led by organizations; and the Spotlight Programme, developing science-based targets with 30 of the 60 organizations that produce the majority of carbon emissions. Arts Council England's policy has catalyzed an overall reduction of 41% of CO2 across the portfolio of  850 organizations, and a cost savings of around £16-20 million. Other national Arts Councils are looking at this model, and JB has presented, especially recently, to many. And beyond impacts alone, climate and the environment more generally are issues of huge concern and interest – indeed, over half of Arts Council England's portfolio is now creating or commissioning work related to climate and climate justice.

Finally, she engages with artists and cultural leaders in centering climate work in their creative practice and entrepreneurship. An intensive Creative Climate Leadership program for artists and producers, and commissioning and events on climate justice, aims to build a global network of cultural changemakers. She is keen to build capacity within the creative community and lift up artistic voices as agents of change.

Alison's work has catalyzed a powerful industry, and is using the talents and power of that industry – the influential voice of cultural producers and artists – to change the narrative on climate, as well as change national and international climate strategy. She is working with the biggest institutions in government and culture to change their own processes. She has partnered, or supported, sister initiatives in fashion, media and film industries.

To scale, she is planning to invest £700,000 to update the digital tools and resources and make them relevant for different country contexts.

Alison also has a keen focus on moving further internationally. She is in talks with potential partners in Ireland, Canada, Spain, Denmark, and Germany, and plans to license the tools to international cultural organizations, and launch an international Creative Green Kitemark. She wants to build an internationally tested model for a Green Deal that has policy influence at COP26 and beyond, publishing a public policy toolkit using her decade of data and findings. Her goal is also to activate a global network of cultural changemakers through her Creative Leadership programs, commissions, and other supports. Eventually, her vision is a series of regional hubs around the world, collaborating on change.

To crawl it, I have used this line in my code: introduction = response.css('.accordion-content').extract()
This works and crawls the data. However, it crawls it all in one go.
What I would ideally like is to crawl the sections in the accordion class separately. So for instance, I would like to crawl the paragraph that starts with -

The Problem

seperately, and the one that starts with

The Strategy

separately. The reason for this is that we only require "The Strategy" section, and not all the sections.
I hardly use CSS, so I'm unsure how to specify this selector so that the crawler only crawls the required paragraph.
Does anyone have an idea?

A: extract() will return a list, so "The Problem" paragraph is introduction[0], and "The Strategy" paragraph is introduction[1].
If you want to scrape them separately you can use this:
problem_paragraph = response.css('div.accordion-row:nth-child(1) > div').get()
strategy_paragraph = response.css('div.accordion-row:nth-child(2) > div').get()

You'll get the text including the
 tag.
In order to get only the text in each paragraph (without any tags) you can use xpath with string():
problem_paragraph = response.xpath('string((//div[@class="accordion-content"])[1]/p)').get()
strategy_paragraph = response.xpath('string((//div[@class="accordion-content"])[2]/p)').get()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Those views — and opens — could tell all.
Back in elementary school, there were always a few of those "Do you like me? Check yes or no" notes circulating the classroom. Nowadays, things aren't so simple. Thanks to iMessage, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat, there's plenty of room to overanalyze things like a "like," comment, or Story view. But here's an interesting finding: If your crush has been watching your Story a lot lately, they might be interested in you too, thanks to the conclusion of a new study.
According to Mashable, a 2015 study of adult social media users showed that Snapchat is a platform "used more for finding new 'love interests' and for flirting, while Facebook is used for keeping in touch with friends." Of course, this isn't true in all cases, but thanks to the Story Views feature opened by touching the three dots on the right hand side of your Story, you can see who's watched your Story (and even who's replayed it).
"Not sure if someone in real life notices you? You might not be aware of their in-person side glances and sly looks," relationship expert Laurel House told Mashable. "But on Snapchat, there's no hiding. Regardless of whether or not someone clicks 'like,' you know that they have looked." Still, some people watch everyone's Snapchat Stories by clicking through the Recent Updates list, so it may not be the best measure of interest. Another Snapchat study conducted for Variety showed that 50% of Snapchat users watch Stories of people they've never met, and 38% chat with people they've never met.
"The better indicator of how interested your crush may be is how quickly they open your Snaps. When you send them a snap do they open it right away? Do they snap you right back or do they wait a really long time?" says Snapchatter and radio personality Mark Kaye. So instead of obsessively checking to see who's viewed your Story, maybe send them a Snap, or — dare we say it — a good old-fashioned text?


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1967 – ppy Jack" reaches its U.K. peak at #3, Brian Epstein's NEMS officially announces their amalgamation with the Robert Stigwood Organization taking over concert bookings for Stigwood's acts including The Who.
1967 – The Who are scheduled to play Leeds University in Leeds but the show is cancelled when Pete is unable to make it due to running out of gas on the A1. Determined not to miss the show, Pete attempts to trade his guitar for gas. By the time he finally makes it to Leeds, it is too late.
1967 – The Who appear on BBC's radio programme Saturday Club recorded on the 17th
1968 – Who get a day off the 1968 Australian tour. Roger, Keith and John try water-skiing. Later Keith is given a rental car and, according to Australian tour manager Ron Blackmore, drives it into the lobby of the Park Royal Motel, hands the keys to the bellboy and tells him to park it.
1968 – Who are at IBC Studios working on Tommy
1978 – Billboard magazine puts the budget for The Kids Are Alright movie at $4 million.
1978 – Billboard magazine puts the budget for The Kids Are Alright movie at $4 million
1995 – John Entwistle launches his new solo band The John Entwistle Band at a private party at Tramps in New York City. The band consists of John on bass Steve Luongo on drums Godfrey Townsend (no relation) on guitar and Alan St. Jon on keyboards.
2002 – Pete posts his 1967 U.S. Air Force ad on his website.
2007 – Pete performs "No Name, No Face, No Number" at a tribute concert for Jim Capaldi at the Roundhouse in London.
Today's News – January 20, 2019 at 12:09PM
Today's News – January 21, 2019 at 11:20AM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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/ ASUS celebrates 30 years of innovation at Computex 2019
ASUS celebrates 30 years of innovation at Computex 2019
Announcing a special edition 30th anniversary product lineup, Prime Utopia concept motherboard, ZenBook Pro Duo and ZenScreen Touch, Asus had a lot to show at Computex
ASUS Chairman Jonney Shih hosted a special press event at Computex 2019 in celebration of the company's 30th anniversary, where he unveiled a series of limited-edition devices created to commemorate the milestone.
The Prime Utopia concept motherboard, ZenBook Pro Duo and ZenBook Duo laptops, and ZenScreen Touch portable monitor were introduced.
The ASUS 30th anniversary special-edition lineup features new versions of the ZenFone 6 Edition 30 smartphone, ZenBook Edition 30 laptop and Prime X299 Edition 30 motherboard, all featuring a special stylized "A" monogram signifying ASUS values and history created by ASUS Design Center to celebrate the anniversary as well as unique designs that embody the ASUS focus on refined aesthetics and outstanding performance .
The foundation of the "A" monogram is a representation of the Chinese symbol for people and shows the humanitarian side of ASUS. The top part creates an arrow shape signifying the ASUS ability to overcome obstacles and ascend industry norms, and the overall shape when flipped resembles a heart, which speaks to the heartfelt affection and endearment for life.
"ASUS is honored to have been serving the hardcore tech community, enthusiast, gamers, creators, and tasteful consumers for the last 30 years," said ASUS Chairman, Jonney Shih. "I am tremendously excited and proud that we have stayed true to our relentless engineering origin on this incredible journey — one that has made us wiser and stronger together. We aspire to continue to create the most ubiquitous, intelligent, heartfelt, and joyful smart life for everyone for decades to come."
Joining Chairman Shih on stage to talk about the two companies' long partnership was Chris Walker, Vice President of Client Computing at Intel: "Intel and ASUS share a strong passion for innovation. We congratulate ASUS on their 30-year anniversary. In that time, our collaborations have brought to market devices that enrich the experiences of people around the world.
Today, ASUS is leveraging the desktop-caliber performance of 9th Gen Intel Core mobile processors. The new, exciting ASUS ZenBook Pro Duo with the companion display, embodies the true meaning of pushing boundaries for PC function and design and is a great example of the innovation our collaboration enables."
ASUS ZenBook Edition 30 features a design with a genuine leather lid cover and an 18-karat rose gold plated logo and exclusively equipped with a complete set of premium accessories. It is also the world's smallest 13-inch laptop featuring a 95% screen-to-body ratio, 8th Gen Intel Core i7 processor and NVIDIA GeForce MX250 discrete graphics.


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Home » News and events » Events » Past events
The rules of ruling China
Understanding the Chinese party-state involves understanding how nearly 90 million people are controlled in a vast bureaucracy. Affecting the behaviour of these people requires a panoply of different...
Rule of law assistance in an authoritarian regime: intermediary actors in Myanmar's transition
Kristina Simion
Through the enterprise of foreign funded development assistance, "rule of law" as an international model for development travels across the globe. At its new site, the rule of law model requires...
RegNet February 2017 School Meeting
RegNet
All RegNet School of Regulation and Global Governance staff, visitors and students are welcome to attend our school meeting.
"We've all got some healing to do": building social and human capital at regulatory-restorative interfaces in the human services
Gale Burford
How can it still be in 2017 that, in the face of so much evidence that the quality of relationships between regulators, family members, caregivers, and service providers is crucial to positive...
Beyond the rhetoric: Duterte's first six months
Walden Bello, Christian Monsod, Maria-Socorro Gochoco-Bautista, et al
After storming into office in the May 2016 Philippine elections under a fiery campaign to wage war on drugs, President Rodrigo Duterte has not ceased to make headlines since then. Six months into...
Gale Burford masterclass: numbers, stories, questions - considerations for relational research in social work
Since its origins in the creation of the so-called welfare state, Western professionalised visions of social work have faced ongoing challenges with reconciling: helping with regulation, human rights...
Facts alone are not enough
Heather Neil
Why is it that people smoke, infant formula is readily available, eleven million hens producing eggs live in battery cages and cattle and sheep are exported for slaughter overseas? The evidence of...
The case of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia: real power or empty rhetoric?
Rudina Jasini
This presentation critically examines the role, scope and implications of victims' participation in international criminal proceedings, drawing from developments in human rights doctrine, victimology...
Walls: the regulatory influence of partition on territories and nations
Marie-eve Loiselle
Walls have been used for centuries as a form of protection against threats, real or perceived. They have been built to defend against thefts, invasions and threats to cultural identity. Today...
Does Myanmar's banking sector need a regulatory paradigm shift?
Naing Ko Ko
Presently, Myanmar has a small banking industry with advanced financial technologies still under development. It is under-pressure from global regulatory institutions. Corruption in the Myanmar...
7th Annual Human Rights Tertiary Teachers' Workshop 2017
The 7th annual Human Rights Tertiary Teachers' Workshop 2017 is being hosted by the Castan Centre for Human Rights Law out of the Monash University Faculty of Law City Chambers. As with prior...
Book launch - Climate Change and the Health of the Nations
Norman Swan (ABC Health Report), Alistair Woodward (University of Auckland), Kristie Ebi (University of Washington) & Richard Denniss (The Australia Institute)
Join us for the launch of Tony McMichael's last book, completed by Alistair Woodward and Cameron Muir, and published by Oxford University Press. _The message of this masterful book from the late...
China between reform and repression: lawyers in the fight for political liberalism
Terence Halliday
An enormous struggle is underway over China's legal and political futures. This seminar provides an overview of Terence Halliday and Sida Liu's research on the interweaving of politics and practice...
Legal Pluralism/Human Rights Reading Group December 2016
Miranda Forsyth and Meredith Edelman
The December 2016 joint Legal Pluralism/Human Rights Reading Group will take place in the RegNet Level 3 Meeting Room (3.14), Friday 16 December, 3.00pm - 4.30pm. Discussion will centre on discuss...
Chinese and Russian approaches to international law
In 2016, China and Russia issued a Joint Declaration on the Promotion of International Law, which reflects a different understanding to the West on a number of foundational points about the content...
Addressing gender-based violence at the community level: the role of urban village courts in PNG
Fiona Hukula
In Papua New Guinea, matters related to family violence are often brought to village courts as a means of dispute resolution. Drawing on ongoing fieldwork in three Port Moresby Village Courts, Fiona'...
Putting a price on patent doctrines: evidence from the PBS
Despite the large literature on patents, there is very little empirical evidence on their impact. One issue that is almost entirely unexplored is the cost of the doctrines which have led to very low...
RegNet December 2016 School Meeting
Evidence-based policing and self-regulation within a profession: the example of domestic violence policing
Lawrence Sherman and Heather Strang
Evidence-based policing is a method of making decisions about "what works" in policing: which practices and strategies accomplish police missions most cost-effectively. In contrast to basing...
Reconstituting accountability: cultural practices of voluntary accountability and regulatory governance at different jurisdictional levels
Paul Fawcett, Amanda Smullen, Matt Wood
Scholars have recently identified 'voluntary accountability' as an important practice of accountability that presents a theoretical problem for traditional principal-agent explanations of why...


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PORTLAND PRESS HERALD DARKROOM
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JUNE 6: Schoolchildren show off their drawings of a mural, attributed to graffiti artist Banksy, painted on the outside of a classroom at the Bridge Farm Primary School in Bristol, Britain. Reuters
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Maine begins mailing $450 relief checks
Former leader of Maine public defenders says job not what he expected
Publisher of Maine Magazine pausing print publication
Artist says Rockland museum's placement of her Lunar New Year work was racially insensitive
The world in photos, June 3-10 - Reuters | of | Share this photo
JUNE 6: Schoolchildren show off their drawings of a mural, attributed to graffiti artist Banksy, painted on the outside of a classroom at the Bridge Farm Primary School in Bristol, Britain.
The world in photos, June 3-10 - Jurgen Otto via Reuters | of | Share this photo
JUNE 7: A newly discovered Australian Peacock spider – Maratus Bubo – shows off its colorful, iridescent abdomen. Jurgen Otto, with the help of colleague David Knowles, discovered the tiny creatures while looking for other spiders in Western Australia in November. With its showy colors on display the 3 mm males perform a courtship dance for females, to impress them, Otto says.
JULY 7: A 3-week-old Great Gray owl (or Lapland owl) eats raw meat inside its enclosure at the Royev Ruchey zoo in the suburbs of the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
JUNE 7: Heavy American military equipment is dropped from a plane during the NATO allies' Anakonda 16 exercise near Torun, Poland. The 10-day military exercise, the biggest in eastern Europe since the Cold War, involves more than 30,000 troops from 24 nations.
JUNE 7: Professional piercer and body suspension expert Dino Helvida inspects Kaitlin, who is visiting Zagreb, Croatia, from the United States, as she hangs from hooks pierced through her skin. For the past six years, Helvida has been hanging up the bodies of those brave enough to partake, sometimes for hours, Reuters reports. The process is carefully done, and involves first piercing the skin with needles, putting through metallic hooks, which are then attached to a thin rope to lift the suspendee off the ground. "You can do one hook or you can do 100. You have different hooks for different positions and different hooks for different body parts," Helvida told Reuters. It took Helvida about an hour to prepare Kaitlin for suspension. Devotees say the practice gives them a huge sense of well-being, and Kaitlin did not complain of discomfort once.
The world in photos, June 3-10 - The Associated Press | of | Share this photo
JUNE 7: Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton speaks at a rally in New York. Powered by a solid primary wins in California and New Jersey, Clinton seized her place in history as the first women to become a presumptive presidential nominee and set out to unite the fractured Democratic Party to confront Donald Trump. Two days later, she received the endorsement of President Barack Obama.
JUNE 7: In answer to a reporter's question during a news conference, U.S. House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wisconsin, says Donald Trump's comments about an American-born judge of Mexican heritage are the "textbook definition of a racist comment. Ryan, who endorsed Trump only last week after a lengthy delay, went on to say: "But do I believe Hillary Clinton is the answer? No, I do not."
JUNE 7: A view of the installation-in-progress "The Floating Piers," by Bulgarian-born artist Christo Vladimirov Yavachev, known as Christo, on Lake Iseo in northern Italy. Some 200,000 floating cubes create a nearly 2-mile runway, which will be clad in bright yellow fabric and connect the town of Sulzano to the small island of Monte Isola. The completed installation will be in place for 16 days starting on June 18.
JUNE 7: A tiger and a piglet peacefully share an enclosure at the Sriracha Tiger Zoo, in Chonburi province, Thailand.
The world in photos, June 3-10 - Kelley L Cox-USA TODAY Sports via Reuters | of | Share this photo
June 8: Boston Red Sox left fielder Chris Young leaps for the ball as it goes over the wall on a go-ahead solo home run by San Francisco Giants' left fielder Mac Williamson during the eighth inning of a game at AT&T Park. It was Williamson's first Major League homer and he later got the ball back by trading a signed bat and ball to the fan who caught it. The Giants held on to beat the Red Sox 2-1.
JUNE 8: Workers look at a large sinkhole that opened up at a major intersection near Parliament in downtown Ottawa, Ontario. A van fell into the hole but there were no injuries. A mall and other nearby buildings were evacuated. Ottawa Mayor Jim Watson said it was too early to say if the sinkhole was caused by the adjacent construction of a light rail tunnel. "It's a significant sinkhole," he observed.
JUNE 8: Cast member Ellen DeGeneres squirts tequila during a publicity gag for her TV show at the premiere of "Finding Dory" at El Capitan theater in Hollywood.
JUNE 8: A U.S. Air Force honor guard carries the casket of Malvin Greston Whitfield, who died at the age of 91, to his resting place at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia. "Marvelous Mal" was a three-time Olympic gold medalist middle-distance runner, a former Tuskegee airman, and a former U.S. Foreign Service officer. He joined the military during World War II and as a 2nd lieutenant served as a tail gunner on dozens of bombing missions during the Korean War. On Wednesday, according to the Washington Post, an Air Force band joined the honor guard in formation. Three rifle volleys boomed and a flag was presented to Whitfield's 83-year-old widow, Nola Simon Whitfield.
JUNE 9: A Sadhu or a Hindu holy man walks on the banks of the river Ganges during a dust storm in Allahabad, India.
The world in photos, June 3-10 - Kyodo via Reuters | of | Share this photo
JUNE 9: Kyushu University Professor Kosuke Morita, head of a team of scientists who discovered element 113, points to the superheavy synthetic element on a periodic table at a news conference at the RIKEN institute's research centrt in Wako, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.
JUNE 9: Children sign a memorial outside the childhood home of the late boxing champion Muhammad Ali in Louisville, Kentucky.
JUNE 9: Musafir, a pet monkey, eats a Jalebi sweet on the street in Kolkata, India. The Jalebi is made from deep-fried wheat flour and then soaked in sugar syrup.
JUNE 9: Women read the Koran as boys rest inside Istiqlal mosque during the holy month of Ramadan in Jakarta, Indonesia.
JUNE 9: Joanne Steury, left, Margerie Steury and Rosa Graber, members of an Amish community in Michigan, wade into the waters of the Pacific Ocean for the first time, in Coronado, Calif.
JUNE 9: A man tries to catch a duck during a competition held during the Dragon Boat Festival on the Cisadane River in Tanggerang, Indonesia, The event is celebrated every fifth day of the fifth month on the Chinese lunar calendar.
JUNE 10: The hearse carrying the body of the late Muhammad Ali drives down Muhammad Ali Boulevard to Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville, Kentucky.


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Trail Sites
Diane Jackson Artist Studio & Gallery
Fri & Sat 11-5, Sunday, 1-5, By appointment
Member of Trail Networks:
• Northern Neck Artisan Trail (site #8)
Professional Distinction: Commission/Custom Work, Consignment/Retail, Exhibition
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A continuing curiosity and attention to fragile details of her surroundings have remained a constant and lifelong interest to artist, Diane Jackson, and to incorporate and capture the wondrous detail in her paintings is forever a challenge. Diane relates, "With each new painting or art piece, I strive to capture the fleeting mood and intricate dimensions of the subjects that are a part of all our surroundings and lives.
Diane Jackson's watercolor paintings, oil paintings and scratchboard pieces are shown in various annual exhibits, the Rappahannock Wildlife Show, White Stone, Virginia, Sidewalk Art Show, Williamsburg, Virginia, An Occasion for the Arts, Williamsburg, Virginia, Arts on the Lawn, Richmond, Virginia, Arts Around the Lake, Richmond, Virginia, Art on the Half Shell, Urbanna, Virginia, and The Living Museum, Newport News, Virginia.
Diane's watercolor paintings have been exhibited by juried selection in the 1992 - 1997 Mid Atlantic Regional Watercolor Exhibition, Baltimore Watercolor Society, Baltimore, Maryland. She has attained Artist Member status in the Virginia Watercolor Society by Jurored selection to the 1987, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2000 and 2001 Annual Exhibitions.
In early 1994 her work was accepted to be on file in the archives at the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C.; her work was included as a featured artist in the 1996 Watercolor Magic, a national artist publication, THE BEST of WATERCOLOR: PAINTING TEXTURES, 1998, by Rockport Publishers and SPLASH 6, 2000 and SPLASH 8, 2003, by North Light Books. Diane's watercolor painting, "Sonatina", was awarded Best In Show at the 1997 Georgetown International Art Competition, Fraser Gallery, Georgetown, Washington, D.C. and her watercolor painting "Moon Glow" was awarded Best In Show at the Central Virginia Watercolor Guild 9th Annual Exhibition, year 2000, in Charlottesville, Virginia. Her work was featured at the Twentieth Century Gallery Williamsburg, Virginia, during October, 2000 and she was the featured artist exhibiting at the University Club, Washington, D.C. during June, 2001.
Many exhibits are again on the agenda for Diane Jackson and she may be found several days a week in her working studio and gallery, the Diane Jackson Artist Studio and Gallery, located on Route 3, Town of Montross, in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in the green building next to the Northern Neck Coca-Cola Plant.
Diane Jackson
http://www.dianejacksonart.com
15739 Kings Hwy
Montross, VA 22520
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Artisans Center of Virginia
P.O. Box 645 Fishersville, VA 22939
network@artisanscenterofvirginia.org
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Home > Geography >
Atlas of the Great Irish Famine
Authors: Edited by John Crowley, William J. Smyth, Mike Murphy
Affiliation: University College Cork
Publication Year: Hardback August 2012
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Winner of the Best Irish Published Book of the year
The Great Famine is possibly the most pivotal event/experience in modern Irish history. Its global reach and implications cannot be overestimated. In terms of mortality, it is now widely accepted that over a million people perished between the years 1845-1852 and at least one million and a quarter fled the country, the great majority to North America, some to Australia and a significant minority ((0.3 million) to British cities. Ireland had been afflicted by famine before the events of the 1840s; however the Great Famine is marked by both its absolute scale and its longevity. It is also better remembered because it was the most recent and best documented famine. This atlas comprising over fifty individual chapters and case studies will provide readers with a broad range of perspectives and relevant insights into this tragic event.
The atlas begins by acknowledging the impossibility of adequately representing the Great Famine or any major world famine. Yet by exploring a number of themes from a reconstruction of pre-Famine Ireland onwards to an exploration of present-day modes of remembering; by the use of over 150 highly original computer generated parish maps of population decline, social transformation and other key themes between the census years 1841 and 1851: and through the use of poetry, contemporary paintings and accounts, illustrations and modern photography, what this atlas seeks to a achieve is a greater understanding of the event and its impact and legacy.
This atlas seeks to try and bear witness to the thousands and thousands of people who died and are buried in mass Famine pits or in fields and ditches, with little or nothing to remind us of their going. The centrality of the Famine workhouse as a place of destitution is also examined in depth. Likewise the atlas seeks to represent and understand the conditions and experiences of the many thousands who emigrated from Ireland in those desperate years. Included are case studies of famine emigrants in cities such as Liverpool, Glasgow, New York and Toronto.
A central concern of the atlas is to seek to understand why a famine of this scale should occur in a nineteenth-century European country, albeit a country which was subject to imperial rule. In addition, it seeks to reveal in detail the working-out and varying consequences of the Famine across the island. To this end, apart from presenting an overall island-wide picture, Famine experiences and patterns will be presented separately for the four provinces. These provincial explorations will be accompanied by intimate case studies of conditions in particular localities across the provinces. The atlas also seeks to situate the Great Irish Famine in the context of a number of world famines. To achieve these goals and understandings, the atlas includes contributions from a wide range of scholars who are experts in their fields � from the arts, folklore, geography, history, archaeology, Irish and English languages and literatures.
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Presentation of the Atlas to President Michael D Higgins
The Hook Peninsula, County Wexford Newgrange and the Bend of the Boyne The Irish Review Issue 54 Map-Making, Landscapes and Memory
The Iveragh Peninsula: A Cultural Atlas of the Ring of Kerry Sustainable Landscapes and Lifeways: Scale and Appropriateness Atlas of the Irish Revolution Atlas of the Irish Rural Landscape
This Atlas offers a powerful unflinching and cohe June 19, 2012
Reviewer: Professor Kevin Whelan Keough Naughton Notre Dame from Republic of Ireland
This Atlas offers a powerful unflinching and coherent understanding of the Irish Famine as the defining event in Irish history. It balances sweeping survey with minute details while always attending to the surprising diversity of this small island in the mid nineteenth century. Its unparalleled assemblage of new maps old images and extensive documentation offers a brilliant teaching aid for the history of Ireland and of the Irish diaspora. Firmly rooted in recent research saturated in meticulous scholarship and interdisciplinary in the best sense it is unafraid to draw the necessary trenchant conclusions. Its broad synthesis offers the best overview we have ever had of this traumatic and defining episode
This monumental work is far more than an Atlas it June 19, 2012
Reviewer: Joel Mokyr Robert H. Strotz Professor of Arts and from Republic of Ireland
This monumental work is far more than an Atlas it is the definitive summary of all aspects of the Great Irish Famine. The many maps are accompanied by accessible yet scientifically sound texts. The demographics and geography are surveyed with unequaled detail and care yet the historical background the politics and the economics of the Famine are discussed at an equally high scholarly level. Lavishly illustrated and scholarly immaculate written by the best scholars in the field this volume belongs in the library of everyone interested in the greatest natural disaster of the modern age
Cork University Press has established an enviably June 12, 2012
Reviewer: Toby Barnard Oxford University from Republic of Ireland
Cork University Press has established an enviably high reputation in producing atlases. The latest of the Great Irish Famine maintains and enhances this record. Not only are the maps themselves innovative and attractive to look at but they communicate clearly an abundance of information often unfamiliar. The cartography is accompanied by a wealth of other images sometimes strikingly beautiful and also hauntingly distressful. In addition a starry cast of experts provides incisive and illuminating commentary on all aspects of the disaster. All in all this is likely to prove one of the most original and enduring studies of the grievous famine.
00 353 (0) 21 490 2980
Mon-Fri: 9am -5pm (GMT)
corkuniversitypress@ucc.ie
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text:
import GASSpreadsheets from './libs/GAS/Google/GASSpreadsheets';
import GASTumblr from './libs/GAS/Tumblr/GASTumblr';
import StringUtil from './libs/util/StringUtil';
import config from './Config';

export default class Tumblr {
  constructor() {
    this.TAG = 'Tumblr ';
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, constructor`);
  }

  /**
   * write data on the row
   * @param { string } sheet the sheet in use
   * @param { number } lastRow
   */
  writeData(sheet, lastRow) {
    const rowToStart = GASSpreadsheets.getRowToStart(
      sheet,
      lastRow,
      config.columns.instagram.done);

    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, writeData() rowToStart=, ${rowToStart}`);

    if (rowToStart !== '' && rowToStart > 0) {
      for (let i = rowToStart; i < lastRow + 1; i++) {
        Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, writeData() isDone=Post:, ${i}`);
        this.tumblrPost(sheet, i);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Post to Tumblr
   * @param { Sheet } sheet
   * @param { number } row
   */
  tumblrPost(sheet, row) {
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, tumblrPost() row=, ${row}`);
    const service = GASTumblr.getTumblrService(config.tumblr.consumerKey, config.tumblr.consumerSecret);
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, tumblrPost() service=, ${service}`);

    if (service.hasAccess()) {
      Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, tumblrPost() service=, ${service}`);

      const caption = this.getCaption(sheet, row);
      const source = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.source).getValue();
      const tags = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.tags).getValue();

      Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, tumblrPost() caption=, ${caption}`);

      // Post to photo
      GASTumblr.postPhoto(service, config.tumblr.postUrl, caption, source, tags);

      // TODO: want to do this when posting is successfully done
      this.afterPosting(sheet, row);
    } else {
      const authorizationUrl = service.authorize();
      Logger.log(`Please visit the following URL and then re-run the script: , ${authorizationUrl}`);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Edit Tumblr Multi Posts
   * @param { number } limit
   */
  editTumblrMultiPosts(limit) {
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, editTumblrMultiPosts()`);
    const service = GASTumblr.getTumblrService(config.tumblr.consumerKey, config.tumblr.consumerSecret);
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, editTumblrMultiPosts() service=, ${service}`);

    if (service.hasAccess()) {
      Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, editTumblrMultiPosts() service=, ${service}`);

      // Get post ids
      const idArray = GASTumblr.getTumblrPostsIds(service, config.tumblr.postUrl, limit);
      Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, editTumblrMultiPosts() idArray=, ${idArray}`);

      for (let i = 0; i < idArray.length; i++) {
        this.editTumblrPostURL(idArray[i]);
      }
    } else {
      const authorizationUrl = service.authorize();
      Logger.log(`Please visit the following URL and then re-run the script: , ${authorizationUrl}`);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Edit Tumblr Post URL
   * @param { number } id
   */
  editTumblrPostURL(id) {
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, editTumblrPost()`);
    const service = GASTumblr.getTumblrService(config.tumblr.consumerKey, config.tumblr.consumerSecret);
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, editTumblrPost() service=, ${service}`);

    if (service.hasAccess()) {
      Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, editTumblrPost() service=, ${service}`);

      // Get current caption
      const currentCaption = GASTumblr.getPhotoPostCaption(service, config.tumblr.postUrl, id);
      Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, editTumblrPost() currentCaption=, ${currentCaption}`);

      // Delete ,%20 from the caption
      let newCaption = this.removeSpaceFromCaption(currentCaption);

      // Remove p tag from the caption
      newCaption = StringUtil.removePTag(newCaption);

      // Edit post with new caption
      GASTumblr.edipPost(service, config.tumblr.postEditUrl, id, newCaption);

      // TODO: want to do this when posting is successfully done
      // this.afterPosting(sheet, row);
    } else {
      const authorizationUrl = service.authorize();
      Logger.log(`Please visit the following URL and then re-run the script: , ${authorizationUrl}`);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Get caption from the row
   * @param { Sheet } sheet
   * @param { number } row
   * @return { string } caption
   */
  getCaption(sheet, row) {
    const comment = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.comment).getValue();
    const name = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.name).getValue();
    const country = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.country).getValue();
    const city = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.city).getValue();
    let caption = `${name} \n ${city} ${country}`;
    const from = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.userInstagram).getValue();
    const via = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.fbGroup).getValue();

    if (comment !== '') {
      caption = `${comment} \n ${caption}`;
    }

    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, getCaption() caption=, ${caption}`);
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, getCaption() from=, ${from}`);
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, getCaption() via=, ${via}`);

    if (from !== '#N/A') {
      Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, From exists=, ${from}`);
      // Add Instagram link text
      caption += this.getInstagramLinkText(from);
    } else if (via !== '#N/A') {
      Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, Via exists=, ${via}`);
      // Add FB Group link text
      caption += this.getFBGroupLinkText(via);
    }
    return caption;
  }

  /**
   * after posting
   * @param { Sheet } sheet
   * @param { number } row
   */
  afterPosting(sheet, row) {
    // set number after posting
    this.setDoneNumber(sheet, row);
    // copy values into 'copy' sheet
    const copyValues = this.getValuesForCopying(sheet, row);
    this.copyCell(copyValues);
  }

  /**
   * Get caption from the row
   * @param { Sheet } sheet
   * @param { number } row
   * @return { string } caption
   */

  setDoneNumber(sheet, row) {
    sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.done).setValue(1);
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, setDoneNumber()=, ${row}`);
  }

  /**
   * copy values to copy sheet done number
   * @return { object } values
   */
  copyCell(values) {
    const sheet = config.spreadSheet.sheet.copy;

    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, copyCell() sheet=, ${sheet}`);

    const row = GASSpreadsheets.getLastRow(sheet) + 1;
    sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.copy.date).setValue(values.date);
    sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.copy.name).setValue(values.name);
    sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.copy.lat).setValue(values.lat);
    sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.copy.lon).setValue(values.lon);
    sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.copy.address).setValue(values.address);
    sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.copy.country).setValue(values.country);
    sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.copy.city).setValue(values.city);
    sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.copy.userInstagram).setValue(values.insta);
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, copyCell() sheet=, ${sheet.getName()}`);
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, copyCell() row=, ${row}`);
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, copyCell() Done`);
  }

  /**
   * get values for copying
   * @param { Sheet } sheet
   * @param { number } row
   * @return { object } values
   */
  getValuesForCopying(sheet, row) {
    const name = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.name).getValue();
    const country = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.country).getValue();
    const city = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.city).getValue();
    const date = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.date).getValue();
    const lat = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.latitude).getValue();
    const lon = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.longitude).getValue();
    const address = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.address).getValue();
    const insta = sheet.getRange(row, config.columns.instagram.userInstagram).getValue();

    const values = {
      name,
      country,
      city,
      date,
      lat,
      lon,
      address,
      insta,
    };
    return values;
  }

  /**
   * Get Instagram link text
   * @param { string } from
   * @param { string } text
   */
  getInstagramLinkText(from) {
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, getInstagramLinkText() from=, ${from}`);
    let text = '\n';
    const userName = from.substr(1);
    text += 'from ';
    text += `<a href="https://www.instagram.com/${userName}">`;
    text += from;
    text += '';
    return text;
  }

  /**
   * Get Facebook link text
   * @param { string } via
   * @param { string } text
   */
  getFBGroupLinkText(via) {
    Logger.log(`${this.TAG}, getFBGroupLinkText() Via=, ${via}`);
    let text = '\n';
    text += 'via ';
    text += ''
    text += via;
    text += '';
    return text;
  }

  /**
   * Remove Space From Caption
   * @param { string } caption
   * @return { string } newCaption
   */
  removeSpaceFromCaption(caption) {
    const newCaption = caption.replace(/,%20/g, '');
    return newCaption;
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home / Oklahoma / Cherokee County / Bankruptcies Listing Details
Get Complete Address Tahlequah, OK 74464
1 Bed 1 Bath 1,088 Sq. Ft.
E 780 Rd
Tahlequah, OK 74464
This is located at E 780 Rd, Tahlequah, OK 74464. It has 1 Bed, 1 Bath , 1,088 sqft of living space. This property is Bankruptcy with an estimated market value of $165,325.
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Real estate is often a very valuable asset that a local court can take control of and sell through a bankruptcy procedure. This bankruptcy listing in Tahlequah, OK is among more than 1 million records featured in our comprehensive nationwide real estate database. However, unlike most property records, not all homes / addresses associated with a bankruptcy filing are for sale. This is an important legal concept to understand before moving forward on E 780 Rd Tahlequah, OK. We highly recommend that you first contact the court-appointed receiver / trustee listed below (scroll down) under "Bankruptcy Information" to learn whether or not the property is (or will soon be) for sale.
A property owner who is experiencing difficult financial issues will sometimes file for bankruptcy as a last resort. This is a legal proceeding (usually called Chapter 7 bankruptcy), during which a court-appointed receiver / trustee will be assigned to determine all the assets of a distressed property owner. More often than not, a home or property is one of the most valuable assets that the court-appointed receiver / trustee will leverage to satisfy the distressed property owner's outstanding debts. The contents of the home, as well as any other assets (e.g. cars, boats, etc.), are also often included in a bankruptcy estate. The court-appointed receiver / trustee is almost always motivated to sell a property included in a bankruptcy filing very fast -- there is no real attachment to it other than to obtain funds to pay off debts. And the savings for a savvy buyer and/or investor looking to buy bankruptcy houses for sale in Tahlequah, OK can be tremendous.
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E 780 Rd Tahlequah OK Homes
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https://static.foreclosure.com/listing/address.html?address=E-780-Rd-Tahlequah-OK-74464/57005676_lid


Israel and Gaza agreed to a 72-hour humanitarian ceasefire, but it was over before it even really began.
The United States and the United Nations announced on Thursday that Israel and Hamas had agreed to a 72-hour humanitarian ceasefire, starting Friday morning and lasting through the weekend. However, less than five hours after the scheduled start time, Israel officially declared the truce over and announced they are resuming their offensive in Gaza.
In practice, the ceasefire never really began. Less than two hours after the 8:00 a.m. (1:00 a.m. ET) start time, the IDF reported rocket fire from Gaza into neighboring towns, while Palestinian officials reported Israeli artillery fire in the southern part of the Strip. At least 25 residents of Gaza were killed, as were five Israeli soldiers, in the early morning hours, and the truce was called off before it ever had a chance to kick in.
In addition, peace talks that had been planned in Cairo for this weekend appear to off. The diplomats will have to go back to the drawing board.
U.S. Ambassador to Israel Dan Shapiro released a statement by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry via Facebook.
We urge all parties to act with restraint until this humanitarian ceasefire begins, and to fully abide by their commitments during the ceasefire.
This ceasefire is critical to giving innocent civilians a much-needed reprieve from violence. During this period, civilians in Gaza will receive urgently needed humanitarian relief, and the opportunity to carry out vital functions, including burying the dead, taking care of the injured, and restocking food supplies. Overdue repairs on essential water and energy infrastructure could also continue during this period."
Meanwhile Israel and Hamas are sending representatives to Cairo to meet with Egyptian leaders in hopes of forging a longer term solution, the AP is reporting. The temporary stop to the 23-day conflict will start at 8:00 a.m. local time on Friday.
The announcement comes after White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest offered the Obama administration's harshest criticism yet of Israel, in response to reports that the IDF was responsible for a Wednesday attack on a U.N. school in Gaza.
"The shelling of a U.N. facility that is housing innocent civilians who are fleeing violence is totally unacceptable and totally indefensible," Earnest said Thursday.
Earlier in the day, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reiterated that he would not accept any ceasefire deal that didn't allow Israel to complete its stated mission of destroying the remainder of Hamas's underground tunnels, The Jerusalem Post reported.
The tunnels are used by Hamas to cross into Israel without detection in part to bypass the five-year Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip, which restricts imports into Gaza. However, the Netanyahu's government maintains that they are a threat to Israel and they must retain the right to continue to search for and destroy them.
In June 2006, Hamas used the tunnels to kidnap Gilad Shalit, an IDF soldier who was returned to Israel five years later, in exchange for almost 1,100 Palestinian prisoners. The Wall Street Journal reported the Israeli military has uncovered 32 of the tunnels.


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