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I am an independent analyst and consultant with 20 years of experience as a sell side technology analyst and 13 years of prior experience as an electronics designer and software developer.
The purpose of the Geek's Reading List is to draw attention to interesting articles I encounter from time to time. I hope that what I find interesting you will find interesting as well. These articles are not to be construed as investment advice, even though I may opine on the wisdom of the markets from time to time. That being said, it is absolutely important that investors understand the industry in which they are investing, along with the trends and developments within that industry. Therefore, I believe these comments may actually help investors with a longer time horizon.
Please feel free to pass this newsletter on. Of course, if you find any articles you think should be included, please send them on to me!
I blog at www.thegeeksreadinglist.com.
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1. Cord cutters alert: 60 million Americans now use an antenna to watch free TV
Over The Air (OTA) HD picture quality is much better than cable or satellite and, as the quality of most cable shows hit new depths while prices spiral upwards, cord cutting looks more and more attractive in an era of stagnant wages. Besides, many of the good shows are readily available for download for those fortunate enough to have broadband. Cutting the cord is easier than most people think because digital TV signals generally have good error free 'reach' even with a simple antenna.
"Antennas aren't just for grandma's boob tube anymore: 19.3 percent of all US TV households get their TV fix from free over-the-air broadcasts, according to a new GfK study released this week. This means that 22.4 million households representing 59.7 million Americans get their TV for free, the market research firm estimates."
http://gigaom.com/2013/06/21/ota-60-million-antenna-users-cord-cutting/
2. Worried about the Mass Surveillance? How to Practice Safer Communication
This article provides an easy to read, and funny, overview of some of the issues associated with online privacy. It gives you a sense for why this is important, and why metadata matters. Also, it is worth noting that, even if the NSA isn't allowed to do something, with your communications, that doesn't prevent a 'foreign' government from doing the same and sharing those results with the NSA or your competitors. In other words, NSA can spy on Canadians without restraint and share that data with whomever it wants, including industry or other national governments.
"With all the news coming out about possible mass surveillance and the relationship between an alphabet soup of federal agencies and the companies that hold huge swaths of your electronic life, it's easy to feel powerless. But you're not. Technology taketh away your privacy, but technology can giveth quite a bit of it back too."
http://www.propublica.org/article/worried-about-the-mass-surveillance-how-to-practice-safer-communication
http://www.propublica.org/article/a-buyers-guide-to-safer-communication
3. UHDTV whistling past 3-D TV grave
I'd prefer to see a movie not in "3D" so I can't get my head around the ide people would want to buy 3D TVs. UHDTV has its uses, however, the average screen is far too small for the average consumer to notice the improved picture quality. Furthermore, transcoding is bound to significantly impact the quality received over cable or satellite. I figure the manufacturers will eventually shift over to UHDTV displays, but it will not be a significant factor for consumers or broadcasters.
"I wasn't surprised by ESPN's tweet earlier this month, in which they subtly mentioned their plan to drop their costly 3-D TV channel later this year. Hey, who could be surprised? I was a little surprised, however, by the industry's dogged insistence that the yet-to-be Ultra High Definition TV market won't at all resemble the fate of 3DTV."
http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-blogs/other/4417406/Why-UHDTV-is-a-different-story-from-3-D-s-nosedive
4. Dutch cable operators grope towards free national Wi-Fi
I'm not sure if it's exactly free, because you have to subscribe in order to offer the service and you have to offer the service in order to use it. Still, it's an interesting approach.
"The prospect of the Netherlands becoming the first country to establish a national Wi-Fi network delivering TV Everywhere services has come closer as both the country's dominant cable operators, UPC and Ziggo, proceed with deployments across their footprints."
http://broadcastengineering.com/towersantenna/dutch-cable-operators-grope-towards-free-national-wi-fi
5. My Song Got Played On Pandora 1 Million Times and All I Got Was $16.89, Less Than What I Make From a Single T-Shirt Sale!
A few months ago I heard a cellist make a similar lament, and I thought "cellists can make a few bucks on Pandora?" The root problem appears to be the inability of musicians to do arithmetic. Pandora is paying $16.89 for 1 million listens ($0.017/thousand listens) while commercial radio paid $1,373.78 for 18,789 'plays' of the song, or $0.07/play. Assuming more than around 4,500 people were listening to the radio station at the time, Pandora actually paid more per listen.
"As a songwriter Pandora paid me $16.89* for 1,159,000 play of "Low" last quarter. Less than I make from a single T-shirt sale. Okay that's a slight exaggeration. That's only the premium multi-color long sleeve shirts and that's only at venues that don't take commission. But still."
http://thetrichordist.com/2013/06/24/my-song-got-played-on-pandora-1-million-times-and-all-i-got-was-16-89-less-than-what-i-make-from-a-single-t-shirt-sale/
This article seems to support my analysis and suggests some deliberate omissions from the above screed:
http://theunderstatement.com/post/53867665082/pandora-pays-far-more-than-16-dollars
6. New Firefox earns full WebRTC
As we saw with Windows, popular add-ons to software tend to get incorporated into the main distribution. This makes things work better, but it also freezes out competitive add-ons which don't get incorporated. All in, it's not good to be in the add-on business.
"The debut of WebRTC, as the protocol is known, in Firefox 22 (download for Windows | Mac | Linux) is no small potatoes. "Plugins are the single largest source of security and stability issues that we see," said Johnathan Nightingale, Mozilla's vice-president of engineering for Firefox."
http://news.cnet.com/8301-1001_3-57590928-92/new-firefox-earns-full-webrtc/
7. Nokia and BlackBerry's market share in India dives, as domestic rivals see tenfold annual growth
This hadn't occurred to me before, but, given the commodity nature of Android smartphones, there is no reason to focus exclusively on leading brands when considering what might happen in the developing world. I continue to believe smartphone and tablet pricing (and margins) will come under pressure, which will rock the mobile market as much as the equity markets.
"India's smartphone market surged an impressive 74 percent during Q1 2013, with sales of low-end Android devices driving the the nation's ongoing adoption of sophisticated mobile devices."
http://thenextweb.com/asia/2013/06/25/nokia-and-blackberrys-market-share-in-india-dives-as-domestic-rivals-see-tenfold-annual-growth/
8. Don't Even THINK of Using Encryption Software to Escape NSA Scrutiny
It sort of makes sense that spies (government or corporate) look for stuff that is hidden, so it makes perfect sense that if you are going to spy you are going to pay special attention to stuff which is encrypted, anonymized, etc.. As to the difficulty of cracking these schemes, it's worth noting that the more common ones likely have 'back doors', and some are almost certainly 'honey pots'. Fun times.
"Bad news for fans of anonymizing Tor networks, PGP and other encryption services: If you're attempting to avoid the National Security Agency's digital dragnet, you may be making yourself a target, as well as legally allowing the agency to retain your communications indefinitely — and even use them to test the latest code-breaking tools."
http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/06/24/1218418/-Don-t-Even-THINK-of-Using-Encryption-Software-to-Escape-NSA-Scrutiny
9. Hands On With Windows 8.1 Preview
I'll probably install Windows 8.1 and hope that it means I actually start using the notebook I bought in January. Quite frankly, even based on this review, it seems they have made minor changes and tweaked some features few people would use. I rather doubt I'll be inclined to use a Microsoft cloud service, for example.
"With Windows 8.1, Microsoft demonstrates that it's heard the criticisms, and has responded with impressive improvements for desktop and touch tablet users. The Preview version of the updated operating system was launched today at the company's Build conference in San Francisco, and PCMag got an early look at it installed on a Surface Pro tablet ."
http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2421010,00.asp
10. Robocars will take us out of driver's seat
A bit more on the progress of 'driverless car' technology, or, basically, robot vehicles. I believe these will transform society in the 21st century. This has huge potential as the vehicles will be able to travel tightly packed at high speed, resulting in much shorter travel times. In fact, I see a future where logistics is almost entirely handled by robots.
"The journey begins conventionally enough, with the driver turning the steering wheel to ease the car out of the driveway. But then he flicks a switch and raises his hands in the air. The laptop in the passenger seat, plugged in to the car's electronics through an Ethernet cable, is in charge now. On a busy Saturday evening in suburban Berlin, the modified Volkswagen Passat drives itself down a tree-lined street crowded with pedestrians."
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/10108638/Robocars-will-take-us-out-of-drivers-seat.html
11. Android accounts for 92% of mobile malware, malicious apps increase 614%
This is not an entirely surprising result as malware writers concentrate on market leading platforms, plus, the open nature of Android allows for what amounts to 'malware stores' existing independent of the mother ship. The 'premium text scam' could be solved simply by carriers who are really co-conspirators in the scam – they could withhold payment to new 'subscriptions' until they receive approval from the phone owner.
"The latest data released on Wednesday by Juniper Networks reveals that Android malware has grown at a "staggering rate" over the last three years. In 2010, it accounted for just 24 percent of all mobile malware, while as of this March the platform accounts for nearly all of it. In the last year alone, the total number of malicious apps has grown 614 percent to 276,259. The annual Mobile Threats support also identified more than 500 third-party Android application stores worldwide that are known to host mobile malware."
http://appleinsider.com/articles/13/06/26/android-accounts-for-92-of-mobile-malware-malicious-apps-increase-614
12. Hacking and attacking automated homes
It hadn't occurred to me before, however, these home automation systems have been around for quite some time and, like Windows, it is unlikely that high level security was built in from the ground up. Of course, anybody who wants to break in to a house simply has to give the door a good kick (I've done it) so you don't exactly need a hacker to gain entrance.
"If you added a home automation system to create your version of a "smart" house, it could give you access from anywhere in the world to remotely control your lights, door locks, house temperature, electric appliances, water valves, alarm system, garage door, the ability to open and close your shades and blinds, or even to turn on music and crank up the volume. While that might seem pretty sweet, it also can be pretty vulnerable. If you use the Z-Wave wireless protocol for home automation then you might prepare to have your warm, fuzzy, happiness bubble burst; there will be several presentations about attacking the automated house at the upcoming Las Vegas hackers' conferences Black Hat USA 2013 and Def Con 21."
http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/hacking-and-attacking-automated-homes
13. Verizon bid strikes fear in the heart of Canada's Big Wireless
I'll be shocked if the Canadian government actually allows Verizon to enter the market, but I'll be ecstatic if it does: Canada's protectionist policies have created a telecommunications oligopoly which forces sub-third world services at world high prices. Perhaps if the floodgates open one or two other global players could enter the excessively profitable and inefficient market. We could end up with decent service at a reasonable price after all.
"Less than a month ago, fans of Canada's three wireless giants were explaining what a dirty trick it was that the CRTC had introduced a code of conduct that would impact their business. … On Wednesday, some of the air was taken out of that argument, when rumours hit the wire that Verizon, a U.S. wireless operator, is seriously considering entering the Canadian market."
http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/06/27/kelly-mcparland-verizon-bid-strikes-fear-in-the-heart-of-canadas-big-wireless/
14. Cambridge Calling: The rise of the ARM clones
You can't help but wonder what would have happened if Intel had sued its competitors into bankruptcy. The thing is, you can't patent an instruction set, and it is usually pretty easy for Open Hardware projects to work their way around patents. Perhaps the time has come for ARM clones after all.
"One wonders if it will different this time around. Or will ARM litigate into extinction any free, open-source, or rival commercial implementations of the ARM instruction set architecture, just as the company did a decade ago? Nonetheless ARM clones are coming, but given ARM's previous determination to wipe out clones, the creators are being wary."
http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-blogs/other/4417380/Cambridge-Calling–The-rise-of-the-ARM-clones
15. Graphene Gets Some Competition New building blocks for 2-D circuits
Besides robots I believe the other major driver of 21st century technology will be nanomaterials, in particular those based on carbon. 2D materials like graphene have great potential in many fields, and there are emerging 'rival' materials as well. This is a good overview.
""Flatland" has never looked so good. A little less than a decade ago, physicists showed they could pull away loosely bound layers of graphite to reveal graphene, a 2-D carbon structure. The material was shown to have very promising electronic properties. But graphene isn't the only game in town. A whole host of 2-D structures are attracting attention."
http://spectrum.ieee.org/semiconductors/materials/graphene-gets-some-competition
16. The future of cinema and TV: It's game over for the hi-res hype
This is actually a good explanation of many aspects of how humans see moving images and why most of the advertising and promotion is nonsense. He skips a discussion of color and contrast, which are two important considerations rarely discussed. While he mentions many of the misapprehensions he glosses over the fast that HD may not really be as HD, but it is a heck of a lot better than SD.
"Currently, the obsession is for ever higher pixel counts, an approach that disregards how we actually see moving images. If broadcasters have their way, we could be on course for some ridiculous format decisions."
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/06/25/the_future_of_moving_images_the_eyes_have_it/
17. Canadian Hacker School Goes Dark After Government Probe
The headline is misleading as 'Hacker' has negative connotations, but it is rather remarkable that the state (or province, in this case) can dictate the terms and conditions under which you teach people stuff. If they had been operating as a certified or licensed institution, I could see it – but this is absurd.
"For Bitmaker Labs, the trouble started with a flattering newspaper profile. In April, Canada's Globe & Mail ran a piece on the Toronto-based hacker school, calling it "an intense program for programmers" and saying that founder Matt Grey is "dedicated to changing the world." Two months later, Bitmaker has temporarily ceased operations. The problem? Local educational regulators read the article and — two weeks ago — came knocking on Bitmaker's doors."
http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/06/bitmaker/
18. Samsung debuts Android-powered Galaxy NX camera with interchangeable lenses
This seemed like a dopey idea at first, but perhaps not. A professional photographer might have a use for an intelligent camera which can edit and distribute photographs as required.
"Samsung on Thursday unveiled a brand new take the modern camera: The Galaxy NX. Powered by Android 4.2 Jelly Bean, the Galaxy NX is the first Android-based camera with support for interchangeable lenses. And unlike the NX's predecessor, the Samsung Galaxy Camera, this new model features impressive specs and is intended for serious photographers"
http://bgr.com/2013/06/20/samsung-galaxy-nx-specs-announcement/
19. Crowdfunding site Kickstarter to allow Canadian projects
Crowdfunding has become a sort of 'angel capital' source for people without many wealthy investor friends (which actually makes up the majority of engineers). It have received some negative publicity because many projects are never completed or are late. Guess what? That is how real technology is made. Opening Kickstarter to Canadian entrepreneurs should provide a source of badly needed start-up capital.
"The popular crowdfunding site Kickstarter will open up to Canadian projects starting this summer. The New York City-based company, which has funded high-profile projects such as the Pebble smartwatch, the Ouya gaming console and the Veronica Mars movie, made the announcement on its Twitter account Thursday morning. It is inviting Canadians interested in funding their projects on Kickstarter to sign up for updates about the Canadian launch."
http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/story/2013/06/27/technology-kickstarter-canadian.html
20. A Stepping-Stone for Oxygen on Earth
Some interesting research through the web presentation is awful (hint: zoom in your display about 8x to read the article). One of the challenges with early evolution is that most of the ancestral forms, and even their biochemistry, no longer exist, so figuring out that certain mineral deposits have biological origins is a good starting point. Who knows perhaps once they 'de-evolve' cyanobacteria into a more primitive form they'll find it easier to find the step before that.
"For most terrestrial life on Earth, oxygen is necessary for survival. But the planet's atmosphere did not always contain this life-sustaining substance, and one of science's greatest mysteries is how and when oxygenic photosynthesis—the process responsible for producing oxygen on Earth through the splitting of water molecules—first began. Now, a team led by geobiologists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) has found evidence of a precursor photosystem involving manganese that predates cyanobacteria, the first group of organisms to release oxygen into the environment via photosynthesis. "
http://m.caltech.edu/content/stepping-stone-oxygen-earth
By thegeeksreadinglist • Posted in Uncategorized	• Tagged 4k tv, canadian mobile, nanotechnology, robot, uhdtv


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My father and I haven't spoken in about ten years. We never really had a good relationship, but that seemed to change when my mother died. He became more tolerant, more open to change, but old patterns re-emerged after he remarried. Then I came out and met my late partner, which totally changed things. We were allowed at family gatherings, but those events were strained and always made Jim and I feel "less than." My father eventually forced me to make a choice. It wasn't him.
I offer this not for sympathy, but as an introduction to my thoughts on Sarah Schulman's compelling and thought-provoking new book, "Ties That Bind: Familial Homophobia and Its Consequences." There are no ties that bind tighter than family bonds, and no one can hurt you as easily or as deeply as your family. Schulman rightly postulates that abusive behavior in the family unit encourages and enables abusive treatment of gay men and women in general society.
Almost every member of the community can attest to the veracity of this position, and our usual reaction is to withdraw, as I did. Although withdrawl alleviates the immediate hurt, it hardly cures the problem. The offending family members "get a pass" without changing their behavior, and we are left out of our natural family unit, forced to create outside support systems and new "families" to whom we are not related except by common circumstance.
Schulman's solution is simple yet devestatingly complex – third party intervention as societal obligation. We do it for alcoholics and domestic abusers, right? But we're talking about intervention in the family, that most private and personal of all our building blocks. However, as (I believe) Carl Rogers said, "What is most personal is most universal," and if we can solve homophobia in that unit, the gains will eventually show in society as a whole.
This intervention, however, is not without risk. You will definitely lose a relationship with your co-worker if you tell him that his treatment of his gay son is disrespectful and not right. But if you don't tell him, who will? We all know the answer. No one.
Schulman tackles this ambitious subject with clear-headed, jargon-free prose that is as readable as it is sensible. She illustrates her points with very personal examples from within her own family as well as her therapy sessions. And she doesn't linger on or belabor those points. She makes them and moves on, resulting in a short book whose brevity belies its gravity. It's an important and original work that deserves to be read by every member of our community – and their families.
As for me and my father, I fear it's too late and we're both too old to change our behaviors at this point. Too much water under the bridge, so to speak. But I hope Schulman's book and its inevitable imitators will encourage intervention in other, more malleable families and damn the consequences – because the only consequence that should concern us is equality.


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Leonard McComb described his work as visual abstractions after nature. He was very interested in the detail in nature and declared that everything he drew or painted, whether a portrait head, flower, landscape, still life or breaking sea wave, was a portrait to him.
McComb was a versatile artist who celebrated working in various media and was unusual amongst his contemporaries in being represented in the Tate collection by watercolours, oil paintings, prints and sculptures. His sculpture Young Man Standing, also known as the Golden Man (Tate), was the subject of national controversy when it was withdrawn from exhibition in Lincoln Cathedral on the grounds of indecency.
Leonard McComb studied at Manchester School of Art and subsequently at the Slade School of Fine Art from 1956 to 1959, followed by a postgraduate degree in sculpture, also at the Slade, in 1960. He went on to teach at various art schools, including Oxford Brookes University, Sir John Cass College, Slade School of Fine Art, Royal College of Art and Goldsmiths College, and in 1974 he founded the Sunningwell School of Art, Oxford.
Having destroyed most of his early work, McComb was included in the landmark exhibition The Human Clay held at the Hayward Gallery in 1976, with his first solo show taking place at the Coracle Press the following year. In 1983 an Arts Council touring exhibition entitled Leonard McComb: Drawing, Painting, Sculpture was organised by the Museum of Modern Art, Oxford and toured to the Serpentine Gallery, London; City Art Gallery, Manchester; Gardner Arts Centre, University of Sussex and the Fruitmarket Gallery, Edinburgh. His work has also been included in important group shows at the Whitechapel Art Gallery (1982), the Tate Gallery (1984), the Hirshhorn Museum, Washington D.C. (1986) and the Museum of Modern Art, Brussels (1987).
Among McComb's many awards are the Royal Academy's Jubilee Award (1977); Korn Ferry Award (1990); Times Watercolour Prize (1992 and 1993); Nordstern Print Prize (1997); and the RWS Prize (1998). McComb had received many major commissions for private and corporate collections throughout the UK, Europe and the USA. In 1999 he completed a commissioned portrait of the novelist Doris Lessing for the National Portrait Gallery, London. The following year he was selected by the Vatican to design a Jubilee Medal, featuring Pope John Paul II and the late Archbishop Basil Hume, for the worldwide series to commemorate the Millennium.
McComb was elected Royal Academician in 1991 (ARA 1987) and in 1995 was elected Keeper of the Royal Academy, placing him in charge of the Royal Academy Schools until 1998. He was made an Honorary Member of the Royal Watercolour Society and the Royal Society of Printmakers in 1996. McComb lived and worked in London until his death in 2018.


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It was a "grand" experience having fun together when Grande Prairie Branch hosted a Regional Programme on October 13.
We learned more about Taoist Tai Chi® arts, including chanting, and a delicious luncheon was enjoyed by all.
The main theme was practicing the "up and down" in the tor-yus, and don-yus and in the set. Finding the balance and relaxation helps our set as well as the ups and downs in our daily lives.
Based on the laughter and smiles around the room, the participants thoroughly enjoyed the programme and would surely agree it was a "grand" idea Master Moy Lin Shin had to "Make the Taoist Arts Available to All" – including a small group of people who live in Northern Alberta, Canada.


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text:
Thomas Luny (* 1759 in Cornwall; † 30. September 1837 in Teignmouth) war ein britischer Maler des 19. Jahrhunderts. Unter anderem malte er die Seeschlacht bei Abukir.

Leben

Mit elf Jahren begann Luny eine Lehre bei dem Marinemaler Francis Holman (1729–1784) und arbeitete mit Unterbrechungen bis 1780 bei ihm. Im September 1777 besuchte er Paris und unternahm vermutlich auch eine Reise nach Portugal. 1780 eröffnete er ein eigenes Atelier in London in der Nähe der East India Company, deren Mitglieder ihm Aufträge erteilten, die ihn nach Neapel, Gibraltar und Charleston in South Carolina führten.

Von 1780 bis 1793 stellte er jährlich in der Royal Academy of Arts aus, danach erst wieder 1802. Die fast zehnjährige Pause wurde in älterer Literatur mit einem längeren Dienst in der Königlichen Marine erklärt (er sollte als Zahlmeister unter Kapitän George Tobin bei der Royal Navy gedient und diese 1810 wegen einer Arthritis verlassen haben); allerdings hat sich diese Geschichte als unwahr herausgestellt.

Mitte 1807 zog Luny nach Teignmouth, wo er auch die Küstenlandschaft von Devonshire in Gemälden festhielt. Luny fertigte schätzungsweise an die 3.000 Gemälde, hauptsächlich Schiffe, Porträts und Darstellungen von Seeschlachten. Seine Arbeiten befinden sich in Sammlungen im National Maritime Museum in Greenwich und im Royal Albert Memorial Museum in Exeter.

Weblinks

 Luny bei artnet

Einzelnachweise

Maler (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Marinemaler
Brite
Geboren 1759
Gestorben 1837
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Not Only for Readers: Why Scholars Need Narrative
September 25, 2015 By Jonathan Wilson in Narrative History, Roundtables, Special Features Tags: academic v. popular history, historical thinking, Narrative History, Public History	9 Comments
This week's roundtable began with a reference to Kurt Newman's confession, earlier this summer, of feeling "anxiety" about a defining medium of historical scholarship: the book-length narrative. Writing for the USIH Blog in July, Kurt charged that narrative tends to conceal the historian's assumptions and methods. More specifically, he observed, any narrative will be constructed around an ideological telos. Therefore, the book-length narrative is a dubious vehicle for a scholarly argument.
In our roundtable, we have responded to this useful provocation primarily by assuming its truth. Narrative is a powerful means of ideological initiation; its power is what makes it so valuable to historians-as-artists when they try to communicate with a reading public. On that basis, we and our commenters have been discussing the various ways narratives can exert power. Sara Georgini explored the ways Henry Adams adapted medieval narrative strategies. Jessica Parr described using stories of George Whitefield's life as a convenient, though dangerous, structure on which to hang an argument about his public image. In the comments, similarly, J. L. Bell observed that Alan Taylor's book William Cooper's Town usefully subverts the very expectations its narrative structure inspires in readers.
As we wrap up today, however, I want to return to Kurt's perceptive critique. I am not sure our response so far is adequate.
We may—may—be correct to embrace narrative as a way for adepts to communicate truth to the unsuspecting. If we leave the matter there, however, we seem to be accepting the notion that narrative is a sort of popular weakness in which scholars as such would best not indulge to excess. I want to suggest something different: that narrative is precisely what historical scholars, as such, should produce—with deliberation, according to professional norms, and with as much analytic transparency as possible—in order to weaken the hold of unexamined ideology on their own work.
I see two main ways to make such a case. The more familiar argument flows from the premise that human experience itself takes narrative form, or, more specifically, that human selfhood is constructed in a process of narration. This premise itself, though intuitively appealing, does not speak to the philosophical aims of every historian, and it puts historians and some psychologists together on territory that is being colonized rapidly by neuroscientists, who do not necessarily privilege narration as a mode of understanding the narratives of selfhood. Nevertheless, this premise provides one way to defend narrative as a scholarly subject of investigation, and—because the only thorough way to document a narrative is to write a narrative—as a mode of scholarly writing. (This argument, it seems to me, aligns the historian's work with the anthropologist's and distances it from the work of the sociologist, economist, or political scientist.) For many historians I know, this argument is more than enough to justify a career in storytelling. I often use it myself.
But there is another way to make the case for narrative, an argument that may be a better rejoinder to Kurt Newman's criticism of narrative's concealments. It claims this: We are also concealing something important when we draw a dichotomy between narrative and argument. It restricts the extent to which the strictly forensic historian's arguments can be her own.
A strictly forensic history will gather evidence and offer an interpretation, but that interpretation rests on assumptions about significance. In my view, determinations of significance rest on implicit storytelling: If one does this, then that may happen, and that may make one feel so, which may lead to such. Significance no less than selfhood takes a narrative shape. That means forensic history must acquire its underlying notions about significance from outside its own practices. Forensic history may tell me a death happened, or a birth, or a migration, or a revolution, or a working class; it cannot, without dipping its hands in narrative, tell me what any of those things actually means in final human terms. A death is meaningless except in the context of a life.
Granted: To define a life, either one's own or someone else's, is to make selections—to engage in subjectivity and partiality and unacknowledged omission—and ultimately to make a teleological judgment. There is no impartial way to describe a life, just as there is no impartial way to live it. (I would make this more pointed: There is no such thing as a non-ideological life.)
The famous elusiveness of objectivity, most scholars would say, does not mean we must surrender objectivity as an ideal. In debates over narrative, however, this concern is mostly a distraction. The real issue is that, when we limit the scholarly discipline of history to non-narrative forensics, our work is unable to offer even tentative or partial scholarly answers to questions of meaning. It must accept unchallenged, or even unexamined, the narratives handed to it by other kinds of scholars, or narratives written by the popular writers it scorns, or—worse yet—narratives handed to it by its own social or political context. Scholarly history thus becomes an ideological tool of others' narrative practices.
In response, of course, one may point out that this is the condition of every scholar; any form of knowledge may serve someone else's ends. One may also point out, more specifically, that a historian's narrative is going to reflect the unexamined assumptions of her time and place just as much as an argument will—perhaps more so, since a narrative leaves most of its assumptions unstated, whereas an argument will at least attempt to make its assumptions explicit. And, of course, one may point out that criticizing "the book-length narrative" as a vehicle for historical scholarship is not the same thing as excising all narrative from history; drawing a dichotomy between narrative and argument does not imply that a work of scholarship should consist only of the latter.
All of this is true. Yet it does not change the ultimately narrative nature of historical significance-telling. Forensic history, written with explicit assumptions, must still assume a sense of human significance that is based on implicit narratives. Its explicitness, then—or its attempt to confine narrative to a small part of the overall scholarly project—may be another form of ideological disguise.
Thus, in my view, the question for historical scholars is not whether narrative is a flawed way of depicting the world. The question is how much we, as professionals who have uniquely relevant training (or should have it—but that is another discussion), will play a conscious and deliberate part in writing the long narratives that define our own (and others') argumentative work. In other words, it is a question about how deep our scholarly inquiry goes.
Therefore, I think it is a mistake for academic or professional historians to accept narrative grudgingly, as a sort of concession to the power of imagination—or even enthusiastically, as an instrument of intellectual conquest—as if it were something extraneous to our proper analytic practice. Instead, we should embrace it for what it can be: our most distinctive and far-reaching contribution to the scholarly enterprise.
Image: The University of Berlin, now the Humboldt University of Berlin, ca. 1850.
« Narrative, Biography, and Hagiography: Reflections on Some Challenges in Microhistory
Revisiting Red Jacket, alias Cow Killer »
To me, it's as simple as realizing and embracing the concept that the point of communication is to get ideas across, in a way they can most easily and best be understood. Narrative styles most often seem to make historical content digestible by larger numbers of people . . . they make a history something that you actually enjoy reading, rather than something you feel that you have to "slog through" (and yes, we've all read THOSE, either willingly or unwillingly). If you can't understand the arguments and points being made, then how can you appreciate them or argue against them?
For me, narrative styles also harken back to the roots of history, as stories . . . as a construct of a set of facts (or perceived facts, at least) gathered to relate, and impress, and educate, and warn, and make people feel, and do any of the other many purposes to which people have put history over time.
Jonathan Wilson says:
Thanks for the comment, Jim. I certainly agree with you about narrative's usefulness in communicating with many different kinds of audiences. I think we have to go further, though, if we want narrative to have professional respectability. It needs to be seen not just as something extra that historians can do to communicate more effectively, but as something that is essential to historical research itself.
Tom Cutterham says:
Great (and hopefully provocative) stuff, Jonathan. This seems to speak to the discussion in the comments on my opening post that has occurred in the last few days, especially about the expectations around narrative and objectivity that occur in specifically-scholarly (i.e. journal-based) settings. It does seem as if the field itself considers narrative techniques largely a bolt-on, a kind of ornament, that can disguise and distract, and needs to be kept carefully separate from forensic argumentation. I agree with you, that's a mistaken view. So far we've heard from no-one willing to defend it.
Thanks, Tom. This is probably a good time for me to acknowledge that I have artificially heightened the disagreement here for ease of discussion—and I hope that's reasonably clear to anyone reading this. I don't think I know any historians who oppose writing narrative, or who always see it as something different from writing in an analytic/argumentative mode. But I do think historical professionals often talk as if narrative is something we should do in addition to writing scholarly history, rather than something we should do as an integral part of the scholarly enterprise.
Mark R. Cheathem says:
"I do think historical professionals often talk as if narrative is something we should do in addition to writing scholarly history, rather than something we should do as an integral part of the scholarly enterprise."
I 100% agree with this statement.
Brad Hansen says:
This discussion of narratives made me think of J.H Hexter's Rhetoric of History. Hexter argued that narrative was often the most appropriate form of causal explanation for the questions that historians try to answer and that there was no reason to regard it as an inferior form of explanation.
Beth Kruse says:
As a graduate student learning about narratives, this article was a light switch for me!! I am FB sharing and instigating discussions with other students in my program. Thank you!
Harry Briscoe says:
In his study of Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County, Cleanth Brooks asserts that:
"Most important of all, however, Absalom, Absalom! is a persuasive commentary upon the thesis that much of "history" is really a kind of imaginative construction. The past always remains at some level a mystery, but if we are to hope to understand it in anywise, we must enter into it and project ourselves imaginatively into the attitudes and emotions of the historical figures."
I think Brooks makes an important point here concerning how history should and needs to be written if it is to provide the fullest rendering possible of the past. Writing history needs more metaphor and should be painting the spaces that exist between facts.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
January 12, 2022 09.i.22 Holy Family / Analysis / Biden / Devotional / Features / Lifestyle / Politics / Pro-life / The Daily Telegraph / The Domestic Church / The Telegraph
Joe Biden tells Republicans 'it's time to choose' in fiery voting rights speech
Since the 2020 election, Republican lawmakers in 19 states have passed dozens of laws making it harder for Americans to vote
Joe Biden said Republicans must choose which side of history they want to be on CREDIT: Jonathan Ernst/REUTERS
Pounding his hand for emphasis, President Joe Biden challenged senators Tuesday to "stand against voter suppression" by changing Senate rules to pass voting rights legislation that Republicans are blocking from debate and votes.
In a speech designed to breathe life into the fight to pass federal voting laws and convince skeptical Democrats of his commitment, Mr Biden called many Republicans cowardly and committed to changing the US Senate "filibuster" to pass legislation.
Calling it a "battle for the soul of America," the Democratic president put the voting rights effort on par with the fight against segregation by slain civil rights leader the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.
"I'm tired of being quiet!" he shouted to cheers from the crowd.
Former President Donald Trump maintains the 2020 election was stolen by Democrats through voter fraud, despite investigations' finding no supporting evidence. Since then, Republican lawmakers in 19 states have passed dozens of laws making it harder to vote. Critics say these measures target minorities, who vote in greater proportions for Democrats.Advertisement
Mr Biden on Tuesday said Republicans must choose which side of history they want to be on, as he contrasted civil rights heroes with the country's most ardent white supremacists.
"Do you want to be on the side of Martin Luther King or George Wallace?" Mr Biden asked, referring to the segregationist former Alabama governor.
Joe called on the US Senate to change its rules to allow a simple majority to pass voting rights legislation CREDIT: Dustin Chambers/Bloomberg
His tone echoed remarks on the one-year anniversary of the attacks on the US Capitol, reflecting a new White House calculus after a year focused on working with Republicans. Supporters of Trump were attempting "a coup" on Jan. 6, 2021, Mr Biden said Tuesday.
"Not a single Republican has displayed the courage to stand up to a defeated president to protect America's right to vote," Mr Biden said. "Not one."
Before Biden spoke, there was a moment of solemnity as he and Vice President Kamala Harris stood before King's gravesite, with King's family standing nearby, heads bowed. Mr Biden and Harris later spoke on the shared campus of Clark Atlanta University and Morehouse College, two historically Black schools.
Jesiah Osbourne, 21, a senior at Morehouse who gives Mr Biden mixed reviews overall, said he credits the president for pushing for a cornerstone civil right even in the absence of a clear legislative path. "It's not going to happen overnight," he said. "There's no unity."
Many activists say Mr Biden should have done more during his first year in office to push for reforms, and some, including Georgia's Stacey Abrams, did not attend his speech.
Mr Biden told reporters on Tuesday that he spoke to Abrams, and despite a schedule mix-up, they are "on the same page."
"The President deeply understands that Congress must pass" the voting-rights bills "by whatever legislative means necessary," said Abrams, a Democratic candidate for governor in Georgia.
Today's ✠Challoner Meditation: January 12th On the lessons Our Lord Jesus gives us in His private life
Cambodia claims growing support for Myanmar peace talks – UCA News


text:
Dennis Gilbert
Dennis Gilbert is professor and chair of sociology at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York. He holds a Ph.D. from Cornell University and has taught at the Universidad Catlica in Lima, Peru, Cornell University and joined Hamilton college in 1976. He has published a variety of sociology books, mainly dealing with socio-economic stratification. He may be best known for his series of books entitled, The American Class Structure. The class models featured in the series are used by other sociologists such as James Henslin, Brian K. Williams and Carl M. Wahlstrom. His main areas of expertise are Latin America, social stratification, polling and more specifically the American class structure.[1]
Since 1981, Dennis Gilbert has published the following books according to Amazon.com:[2]
Mexico's Middle Class in the Neoliberal Era, 2007
The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality, 2002
The American Class Structure: A New Synthesis, 1992
Sandinistas: The Party and the Revolution, 1990
The American Class Structure: A New Synthesis,
Social class in the United States
Gilbert Model
^ "Dennis Gilbert, official Hamilton College homepage". Archived from the original on 2010-12-15. http://www.hamilton.edu/news/experts/?mode=detail&id=159. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
^ "Amazon.com, list of publications". Archived from the original on 2010-12-15. http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_ss_b/104-4999706-6072744?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=Dennis+Gilbert. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
Name Gilbert, Dennis
American social scientists
American social sciences writers
American sociologists
Cornell University alumni
American sociologist stubs
Gamma-amanitin
Troy Slaten
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X11R3 was the third release of the X Window System, Version 11 from MIT. It was released in October 1988, with the following changes excerpted from the release notes. The sources are available for download for historical reference from http://www.x.org/releases/X11R3/.
Substantial progress has been made in improving the robustness and general usability of the sample server, libraries, and applications. Many bugs have been fixed, support for several new platforms has been added, and backing store and save-unders have been implemented. No incompatible changes have been made to either the core Protocol or to the Xlib programming library.
Several changes have been made to the X Toolkit Intrinsics that will require minor additions to widget class records. Professionally designed font families from Adobe Systems, Inc. and Digital Equipment Corporation, and from Bitstream, Inc. have replaced the chaotic collection that was shipped in the previous releases.
This may require some minor adjustments of user preferences files. Fonts are no longer named according to the files in which they are stored; instead, the server reads a table out of each directory that specifies in which file to look for each font. In addition, support for wildcarding and aliasing font names has been added.
The X Toolkit Intrinsics as specified in the document X Toolkit Intrinsics - C Language Interface have been adopted as a non-exclusive, required standard for toolkit development. Any vendor that ships Xlib is now expected to provide Xt as well. Vendors are free to develop and ship alternative toolkits, but they if they ship Xlib, they should also ship Xt. Applications developers should note that this specification does not include a widget set.
The Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF) as specified in the document Bitmap Distribution Format Format 2.1 has been adopted as a non-exclusive, required standard for font file interchange. Any vendor that ships an X Window System server is expected to provide a way of translating BDF fonts into the appropriate server-specific format.
To avoid conflict with Version 10 applications, all C language source code is expected to use the prefix X11/ when including header files as well as use the library name libX11.a or the loader option -lX11 when linking.
In addition, UNIX programs are expected to use the command line options -display host:dpy and -geometry geometryspec in place of the obsolete host:dpy or =geometryspec formats. Applications that ignore these guidelines will no longer function properly with this release.
A font's name is now determined by the contents of the property named FONT rather than the name of the file in which it is stored. A new utility named mkfontdir is used to scan the fonts in a directory and build a database listing each font name and the file in which it is stored. The server then uses this database when looking for fonts in a given directory.
A new convention for uniquely naming fonts of any style, resolution, and size is now used for all of the new core fonts.
The sample server now supports wildcard characters in font names (such as would be given on a command line or in a resource database). This makes specifying fonts which use the new naming scheme much easier. This behavior is allowed by the Protocol but is not guarranteed in other servers.
Font directories may now contain a list of font name synonyms which may be used as alternate names for existing fonts. This list is stored in the file fonts.alias and is read whenever the font database is scanned by the server.
Adobe Systems, Inc. and Digital Equipment Corporation have jointly donated 5 families of fonts (Courier, Times, Helvetica, New Century Schoolbook, and Symbol) in a variety of sizes, styles and weights. Bitstream, Inc. has donated its Charter font family in the same sizes, styles and weights. Most of the fonts that were shipped in previous releases have been moved to the user-contributed distribution, and all core clients have been converted to use the new fonts. Applications developers and general users are very strongly urged to use the new fonts.
This release should build and install on machines running the following operating systems: 4.3+tahoe, Ultrix, SunOS, HP-UX, Domain/IX, A/UX, and UNICOS, and AOS 4.3. See any README files in the appropriate server/ddx/ directories or *.macros files in util/imake.includes/ for details.
The primary focus of this release has been to fix bugs in the server and in the base programming libraries. In addition, several key features have been added so that this release can provide a clean, sturdy foundation for developing applications.
The following additions, deletions, and modifications have been made to the software in the core distribution. Users of the old fonts will need to edit their resources files. Widget writers will need to following the instructions in the document Converting Widgets from X11 Release 2 to X11 Release 3.
A large number of bugs have been fixed in the server, the libraries, and the clients. Many parts of the sample server that were broken in the previous release have been fixed. In particular, ink metrics in fonts have been fixed; client errors in computing character sizes will now be easy to spot.
The configuration templates in util/imake.includes have been restructured to make per-server and per-site changes easier to make. A README file in that directory now describes each of the parameters that may be set and site-specific changes have been isolated in a new file named site.def. The template file Imake.tmpl should never need to be modified.
New support has been added to the sample server for the following platforms: Parallax video graphics processor for Suns and Vaxes, and Apple Macintosh II under A/UX.
Adobe Systems, Inc. and Digital Equipment Corporation have jointly donated BDF font files for the Courier, Times, Helvetica, New Century Schoolbook, and Symbol families at 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, and 24 point sizes, Roman and Italic or Oblique styles, medium and bold weights, for 75 dot per inch monitors.
Bitstream, Inc. has donated BDF font files for its Charter family at the same sizes, styles, and weights for both 75 and 100 dpi monitors. Both donations use the ISO Latin-1 character set.
All of the core clients have been changed to use the new fonts. The fonts that were shipped with previous releases have been moved to the user-contributed distribution (except for 6x10, 6x12, 6x13, 8x13, 8x13bold, and 9x15).
The sample server now accepts the same wildcard characters in the OpenFont request as in the ListFonts request. This is very useful for refering to fonts with very long names, such as those in the new font sets. Users are encouraged to carefully select wildcarded names so that they will work properly on monitors with different resolutions (for example, when specifying a size, use a wild card for the pixel size, but specify the point size). Note that this behavior is allowed by the Protocol, but is not required of other servers.
Font names are no longer tied to the names of the files in which they are stored. Instead, the name of the font is taken from the FONT property in the font data. A script for generating the appropriate font name from the other properties in a font file may be found in util/scripts/fontname.sh. The sample server no longer scans font directories, but rather looks in a database created by the mkfontdir program.
The sample server now supports multiple names for a single font. These are stored in a file named fonts.alias in each font directory and may refer to any font. This is very useful for providing collections of symbolic names for fonts.
The X Consortium has adopted the BDF font format as a non-exclusive standard. Server vendors are now expected to provide a program for converting BDF files to whatever format is used by their server. The sample server font compiler has been renamed bdftosnf and has been fixed to properly generate ink metrics for terminal emulator fonts.
The bdftosnf and showsnf utilities are now installed for public use.
The definition of wide arcs has been fixed to be a brush centered on and normal to the path described by the arc. The old definition used to draw arcs of non-uniform width.
The sample server now supports backing store and save-unders. The backing store hooks which were unused in the previous release have changed; server developers should study the new interfaces.
The X Toolkit Intrinsics (frequently refered to as Xt) have been reviewed by the X Consortium and are now part of the X standard. Any vendor that ships Xlib is expected to ship Xt. Some interface and widget class record changes have been made since the previous release. Sources for the document Converting Widgets from X11 Release 2 to X11 Release 3 may be found in doc/tutorials/r3widgets.ms. Applications that used the proper interfaces and data types should simply recompile and work. However, application writers should also read the conversion tutorial as certain programming errors that might not have been visible in previous releases will become noticable in this release. Note that the Xt standard does not include a widget set.
A new List widget has been added the Athena widget set. A prototype menu widget that will eventually be added to this set is available in the user-contributed distribution in the directory contrib/widgets/MenuBox/. The Athena VendorShell widget now supports specifying icon pixmaps as resources. The text widget now supports selections.
A library named Xmu containing miscellaneous utilities to support the MIT clients has been added. It currently has a variety of X Toolkit converters as well as routines for displaying Xlib-like XError messages, drawing rounded rectangles, converting ISO Latin-1 strings to lower case, and reading bitmap files. It is not part of the X standard and is expected to be a repository for generally useful routines. It only uses external interfaces to the standard libraries and should be portable to vendor-supplied platforms.
The internals of Xlib have been reworked to support 64 bit machine architectures and Cray supercomputers running UNICOS in particular. Extension writers should look at the new internal interfaces for sending and receiving data.
The XGetWindowProperty and XChangeProperty now take care of converting between host data objects (e.g. unsigned char, unsigned short, and unsigned long) and network data objects (e.g. CARD8, CARD16, and CARD32). Applications which store data in or retreive data from properties should also use arrays of host data objects instead of structures.
The following routines have been added to Xlib for accessing data from opaque structures: XMaxRequestSize, XResourceManagerString, XDisplayMotionBufferSize, XDisplayKeycodes, and XVisualIDFromVisual.
A new, portable system for running X and starting user sessions has been added to this release. This Display Manager, called xdm, provides a convenient way for sites to run X automatically. Site administrators may easily tailor it provide an wide variety of environments. This new utility superceeds xterm -L as well as many uses of xinit. Future releases will concentrate on providing even nicer user interfaces.
Several new utility programs have been provided: xdpyinfo for printing out information about a particular display, xev for printing out the contents of various events, xlswins for listing the windows on a display, xkill for getting rid of unwanted windows, xmag for enlarging parts of the screen, xclipboard for collecting text selections, and xcutsel for converting between cut buffers and selections.
The xman program is now part of the core distribution. Many of the bugs which causes poor performance on some servers have been fixed, making this program one of the prettier demonstrations of the new fonts.
Two new demos have been added: xeyes and maze.
The os-specific portion of xterm has been substantially rewritten and now works properly on both BSD and System V derived versions of UNIX. The full translation manager rebinding facilities are supported for both keyboard and VT102-mode pointer input. This includes arbitrary binding of strings to keys (including keys that bind other keys!), making, inserting, and transmitting selections, and popping up of menus. Reverse video has been substantially improved. Several bugs in Tektronix graphics input mode have been fixed. Function keys can now be set to generate Sun keyboard escape sequences instead of ANSI escape sequences. Default settings for various terminal modes are now supported.
The x10tox11 protocol translator for running X10 binary programs on X11 displays has been completely rewritten. It should be substantially faster and give better results for a larger number of programs.
The xset utility now supports adding to and deleting from the font directory list. A new keyword rehash has been added to the fp option to force the server to reread any changed font directories (this is useful after running mkfontdir in a directory).
The xmodmap utility has been enhanced to support changing and displaying the pointer map. A new option for displaying the keyboard map has replaced the old xprkbd program.
Two new programs, bmtoa and atobm, have been provided for converting bitmap to and from plain text. They are very useful for generating pictures for including in documents and for creating bitmaps from arbitrary arrays of characters. The pbm package in the user-contributed distribution contains a much wider range of tools.
The sources for the BSD compress program are now included for those sites that do not already have this program. Starting with this release, some documentation and bitmap images in the user-contributed distribution have been compressed to save space.
The sources for a C preprocessor based on Martin Minow's public domain DECUS cpp are now included for sites whose native cpp cannot handle the server and the X Toolkit. This cpp must be built and installed by A/UX 1.0 users.
A version of the soelim utility for removing .so filename directives from troff sources has been provided for systems that do not have one.
The file COPYRIGHTS in the top level directory contains a sample copyright notice recommended for people who are interested in contributing software to the public releases.
The file STANDARDS in the top level directory contains a description of what is and is not part of the X Consortium's standard for the X Window System.
The user-contributed distribution is now arranged in a hierarchy similar to the core distribution. Generally useful programs are in clients, visually interesting programs are in demos, amusements are in games, server and client extensions are in extensions, server code that has not been integrated into the sample server is in server, font conversion utilities and BDF files are in fonts, native libraries for building applications are in toolkits, X Toolkit widget sets are in widgets, and several popular window managers are in windowmgr.
The old XMenu library has been removed from this release. Applications in need of menus should use a toolkit. A prototype X Toolkit menu widget is available in the contrib/widgets/MenuBox/ directory.
and a drawing package (xfig).
a nasty program for demonstrating what ``going technicolor'' really means (xrotmap).
A random collection of public domain fonts from the Berkeley Mac Users Group and the INFO-MAC archives have been contributed. BDF versions of many of the X10 fonts have been included as well as the old X11 fonts.
Several games have been contributed since the last release: the ancient and honorable mazewar, the ubiquitous tower of xhanoi, two cards games (xmille and xsol), yet another xpuzzle, a version of the video arcade game qix, and the infamous xtrek.
New versions of InterViews, Xr11, and andrew along with a prototype implementation of CLUE Common Lisp User Interface Environment are available in the toolkits directory.
The HP and Sony widget sets, along with a collection of random, interesting widgets may be found in the widgets subdirectory. Since the HP and Sony widgets are temporarily based on the R2 Intrinsics, a version of Xt compatible with the previous release is provided in the contrib/widgets/Xhp/Xt/ subdirectory.
Relatively recent versions of the awm, rtl, twm and wm window managers are available in the windowmgrs subdirectory. Their interoperability with R3 core clients has not been tested.
We hope you enjoy Release 3.
Copyright © 1988 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology .
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. M.I.T. makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
Ultrix and Ultrix-32 are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation; SunOS is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.; HP-UX is a trademark of the Hewlett-Packard Company; Domain is a trademark of Apollo Computer; PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.; A/UX is a trademark of Apple Computer; UNICOS is a trademark of Cray Research; AOS is a trademark of the IBM Corporation; UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories; Times, Helvetica, and New Century Schoolbook are registered trademarks of Linotype; and Charter is a registered trademark of Bitstream, Inc.


Taking good care of your feline is essential. You do not groom a pet cat the same way you would indeed a dog or an additional type of pet dog. You should take extra care to ensure they continue to be clean and well groomed. Consider this article for feline cleaning pointers to enhance your cat's look.
Stop your cat from eating on electrical cords by shooting the sour apple on them. Cables need to be covered, especially if your cat has the tendency to chew on them. Use some paper towel rolls to put loose wires. If you own electronic gadgets with thin cords, you need to maintain them out of your feline's reach when you're not utilizing them.
Put your pet cats' litter box where it is most appropriate to him. Do not put it close to your pet cat's meals or in an area that gets too much traffic. Make certain it's appropriately aerated to keep odor down. Both your cat and you will appreciate this.
It is straightforward to hang around playing with your cat if they will certainly let you! Sometimes you need to offer the amusement on your own with something like a brand-new toy, video game, or activity. A cat is a trusted, always-available resource of entertainment and also love. Follow these ideas, and also you'll be on your method to far better days.
Do not allow your cat near drape cords. Never let your cats have fun with drape cables, as they could seriously harm themselves. This could kill them. See to it that the cables are completely concealed.
Your pet cat needs to be groomed properly. Routine brushing and also cleaning is usually all that is called for. If you do this frequently, their coat will stay fresh. It also reduces their losing and hairballs. Maintaining your cat well groomed will keep him and your residence looking their best.
Routine veterinarian appointments for your cat are significant. The veterinarian will have the ability to supply your pet cat with needed vaccinations and also any medicines it calls for. Veterinarians additionally keep tabs on your cat's general wellness and also diagnose any kind of troubles they discover. Do your ideal to use the same veterinarian for your feline's whole life. This way, the doctor will certainly recognize with the history of your cat.
Cats like slipping into small areas. If they have a collar, this can be a safety and security problem if they get stuck. A collar that is a breakaway version will indeed separate itself if it obtains pulled on. This will enable your feline to live another day if it gets tangled up.
Put a heated tile below the bed of an older pet cat. Merely warmth a terra-cotta ceramic tile in a 200-degree stove for 20 minutes. Cover it securely in a towel and also area it under the cat bed. If necessary, change this out every couple of hrs.
You ought to not make use of items designed for various other pets. Some can be quite hazardous, and even fatal, when made use of on a cat. One thing specifically to pay very close attention to is any treatment for fleas and also ticks. Your pet cat could pass away when exposed to flea avoidance items created pet dogs. Your pet cat should be maintained a range from any pet directly flea-treated for the first couple of hours.
Keeping your cat off of the counter can be challenging. Felines naturally intend to be at a high point of view so they can check their surroundings. Provide your feline with a few high places it could be usages. Positioning a pet cat tower near the household kitchen will help the felines to not lay on the counter.
The litter box for your cat has to be kept in a safe area. It shouldn't be placed in an area with high traffic as well as must be much from their meals. Put it in a ventilated location to lower odors. Your feline and your nose will indeed thank you for the effort.
Are you now much better educated about how you can delight in time with your pet cat? A feline will bring a lot of joy to you. Being familiar with your pet cat and do your finest to become an accountable cat lover.
Avoid bladder crystals as well as stones by feeding high-quality meals. Passing such crystals is an unpleasant encounter with your cat, and your wallet isn't going to enjoy the veterinarian expense. Maintain your feline's diet regimen reduced in levels of magnesium. Check the elements list on the label. Chicken products are usually much lower in magnesium compared to fish items.
Though felines make wonderful pet dogs for children, more youthful youngsters might be as well tough with them. Show your kids how you can treat a pet cat. You must reveal them every little thing from how to correctly sell the feline to the very best methods to have fun with it. Pet cats have a lot more fragile bones than pet dogs, so it is necessary to treat them with treatment.
See to it that you have an excellent table linen for your kitten. A bunch of time cats will certainly take their food from their bowls to eat it on the food bowl's side. If this occurs, you will have a mess on your hands. There are 2 ways to do this. You could either place a place-mat under the food dish or use some stray fabric that you have existing around. Regardless, you can effortlessly remove particles by discarding them in the trash.
Usage care if you have children as well as a cat. If kids are below five years of ages, pet dogs ought not to be left with them. Kids do not have the required skills yet to deal with an animal by themselves. As kids age, you could then determine whether they are fully grown sufficient for tiny pet dogs.
Pet cats enjoy being up high. To make your feline truly pleased, provide it a place to securely evaluation its area. You could utilize a removed shelf if you 'd rather not have a feline tree. You could also lay down a quilt to give your cat some comfort.
Whenever your cat has been appropriately groomed, it will look incredible. Remember that pet grooming is crucial to keep your feline healthy – and also satisfied, as well! Any cleaning initiatives you take will be appreciated by your cat. Remember these suggestions for a satisfied as well as a healthy pet cat.


i have some bad news. This game is going to have to be on pause a bit longer as i have found a new job (YAY!) but it starts at 4AM and its in a steel mill so i am going to be exhausted.... i dont want to provide a crappy game because im tired so when i get uused to my new job and the hours and physical strain i will be back. Once again i am very sorry.


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text:
Domestic-Terrorism Incidents Hit a Peak in 2009
By Bobby Ghosh / Washington Wednesday, Dec. 23, 2009
Marc Piscotty / Getty
Najibullah Zazi arrives at the Byron G. Rogers Federal Building in Denver
Should the U.S. Destroy Jihadist Websites?
Photos: A Jihadist's Journey
You may not have noticed, because most of the plots were foiled, but 2009 saw an unprecedented surge in terrorism events on U.S. soil. When analysts tally these events, they refer to anything from a disrupted plot to U.S. citizens traveling abroad to seek terrorism training or a lone gunman running amok in the U.S. And by the calculations of Rand Corp. expert Brian Jenkins, more terrorist threats were uncovered in the U.S. in 2009 than in any year since 2001.
"There appears to be an increase in [terrorist] activity in the U.S.," warns Jenkins, who calculates that there have been 32 terrorism-related events on these shores since 9/11 and that 12 of them occurred in 2009.
(See the top 10 inept terrorist plots.)
Some of the more noteworthy events of 2009:
• In January, Bryant Neal Vinas, a Long Island, New York, convert to Islam, pleaded guilty to helping al-Qaeda in a plot to blow up a train in Penn Station.
• In late 2008, Shirwa Ahmed, a Somali-American college student from Minneapolis, became the first American suicide bomber on record when he killed 29 people in an attack in Somalia. Earlier in the year, the FBI revealed that at least 20 Somali-Americans from the Minneapolis area had traveled to Somalia to join al-Shabab, a radical militia tied to al-Qaeda. Five Somali-Americans are believed to have died in fighting there this year, and Somali officials say at least one more unnamed U.S. citizen has become a suicide bomber for al-Shabab.
(See pictures of a jihadist's journey.)
• In June, Abdulhakim Muhammad, an Arkansas convert to Islam, was accused of killing one soldier and wounding another in an attack at a military-recruitment center in Little Rock.
• In September, Michael Finton, an Illinois man who converted to Islam in prison, was accused of trying to blow up a federal building in Springfield.
• In October, Chicago businessman David Coleman Headley was arrested for allegedly plotting a terrorist attack on a Danish newspaper that had published controversial cartoons mocking the Prophet Muhammad. (Tahawwur Rana, a Pakistani-Canadian resident of Chicago was also arrested in connection with the same plot.) Headley was later additionally charged with abetting the Mumbai terrorist attack of November 2008.
(Read "The Chicago Suspect: Are Pakistani Jihadis Going Global?")
• In November, Major Nidal Malik Hasan, the son of Palestinian immigrants, who had grown up in the U.S., was accused of going on a shooting spree at Fort Hood, Texas, killing 13 and wounding 30.
(Read "The FBI Probe: What Went Wrong at Fort Hood?")
• Also in November, eight Somali-American men from Minnesota were charged with terrorism-related counts involving al-Shabab. Six other had been charged previously. Most of the men were charged in absentia because they remain in Somalia, along with dozens of Somali Americans who are believed to have joined the al-Qaeda-linked militia.
• And earlier this month, five men from the Washington area were detained in Pakistan, where local officials say they had been trying to join the fight against U.S. forces in Afghanistan. Ramy Zamzam, said to be the leader of the group, is a Howard University dental student; two others are sons of businessmen.
• Some other cases involve legal residents who are not U.S. citizens, like Najibullah Zazi, the Afghan suspect arrested in Denver and charged with a plot to bomb targets in New York City, and Jordanian Hosam Smadi, arrested in Dallas and accused of trying blow up a skyscraper.
(Read "Three Key Questions About Zazi and Terrorism.")
Terrorism experts and Muslim-community leaders caution that the spurt in such events doesn't necessarily add up to a trend. For one thing, the cases are unconnected. "Each case has its own special circumstances," says Ibrahim Hooper, spokesman for the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR).
Nor is there likely to be wide-scale extremism in the American Muslim community. Jenkins points out that there's "no underground network and no deep reservoir of resentment." Hooper notes that the problem "is not coming from rhetoric within the community. It's not the case that young men are being radicalized in American mosques."
Indeed, one of the lessons of 2009 is that the Internet can serve as a recruitment tool for extremists. From Smadi to the Virginia Five, many of the men accused of terrorist-related activities in the past year first made contact with jihadist groups online, officials say. "More and more people are going online to find inspiration," says Danny Coulson, a former deputy assistant director of the FBI.
Jihadist recruiters have grown increasingly sophisticated in their use of the Internet, and many of them specifically target American audiences. Extremist e-preachers like Anwar al-Awlaki — an American living in Yemen who exchanged e-mails with Hasan — communicate in English, which makes them more accessible to American Muslims. Pakistani authorities believe the Virginia Five were recruited by a man known as Saifullah, who communicated mainly through e-mails.
Not all jihadi recruiters want their American recruits to travel abroad for training or to join existing groups. "They've figured out that people who travel to Pakistan or Afghanistan or Somalia are probably being watched by the authorities," says Coulson. "So they'll just encourage you to act independently, without direct affiliation with any group. That makes it harder for law enforcement."
The good news: if recruiters can use the Internet, so too can U.S. intelligence and law-enforcement agencies. Terrorism experts say U.S. authorities have become much better at finding plotters online and putting them under surveillance. Smadi, for instance, was first spotted on a jihadi website.
Coulson argues, in fact, that one reason so many terrorism-related cases popped up in 2009 was the improvement in the ability of U.S. authorities to detect plots. It helps too that ordinary Americans have grown more alert to the danger. "More and more people will call in the police or FBI when they see something suspicious going on," he says.
Also, the American Muslim community has become better at nipping potential threats in the bud. In the case of the Virginia Five, the families of the men approached CAIR, which encouraged them to get a lawyer and make contact with the FBI. Hooper says community leaders are working harder to promote mainstream Islamic thinking among younger American Muslims, to counter extremist interpretations they may discover online.
Despite these efforts, however, terrorism experts warn that some American Muslims will continue to succumb to extremist calls for holy war against their own country. Some will be inflamed by the continued presence of U.S. troops in Iraq and Afghanistan. Says Hooper: "Extremists use U.S. foreign policy as a recruitment tool."
Jenkins suggests there may also be a generational conflict at work. He points out that many of the American Muslims accused of terrorism this year are young men who "would have been at a very impressionable age when 9/11 happened." Although the majority of the community was repelled by the terrorist attacks on that day, he says, "some would have been inspired by it and caught up in the jihadist narrative."
If 2009 alerted Americans to the domestic-terror threat, it's a safe bet that there will be more reminders of the danger in 2010.
(Read "Most Domestic 'Jihadists' Are Educated, Well-Off.")
(Read "How the Zazi Terror Probe Could Help U.S. Intel.")