For customers that require increased flexibility or more spindle power, or increased automation capacity that a robot can provide, the FX7 Linear offers these. The FX7 Linear offers a wide range of options for those looking to increase productivity and accuracy. Available is an optional 6-station wheel changer for automatic loading of wheel packs and coolant manifolds, and also robot loader options with capacity to load up to 840 tools.
The FX Linear machine range is ideal for everything from light manufacturing, to regrinding and full production. Every part on the machine - from the positioning of the grinding wheel on the C-axis centreline to reduce thermal influence, to the ANCA designed linear motors - have been designed to enhance accuracy, increase productivity and make the operator's day easier.
Small machine footprint with a large working envelope.
Provides operators with easier access to the machine during setup.
19" touch screen with Windows functionality including multi-touch and zoom. Configured to machine so only machine options are displayed on the screen.
What are the axis strokes of the FX?
Use the Axis Strokes advertised via the FX Linear brochure.
What is the maximum wheel pack weight for FX7?
What is the largest wheel size allowed?
Maximum wheel diameter is 203mm (8").
What tool dimensions can the FX accommodate?
Max. tool dimensions are Ø200mm (7.8"), max. length for OD grinding 200mm (7.8"), max. length when end-face grinding 230mm (9") and max. weight 20kgs (44lbs).*Depends on the wheels, tools and workholding configuration.


text:
Invest in the Maldives
Maldives Taxation System
Both foreign businesses and local businesses are subject to the following taxes.
The Maldives has a residency-based tax system, whereby residents are taxed on their worldwide income, while non-residents and temporary residents are taxed only on their Maldives-sourced income. Read our overview of the Maldives Income Tax regime here.
Goods and services supplied by GST registered persons are taxed under this regime. Certain goods and services are zero-rated and exempt from the GST.
Green Tax
Green tax is payable by tourists and is dependent on the type of tourist establishment at which they stay.
The administrative aspects governing the general obligations and rights of taxpayers are laid out in the Tax Administration Act (Law Number 3/2010]. The Maldives Inland Revenue Authority is responsible for administering and enforcing taxes, and acts as the State collector of all rents and fees payable to the Government.
Unless specifically exempted from tax, all of the following types of incomes are taxable:
Rental income from movable or immovable property
Dividends, interest and royalty
Annuities, pensions, and retirement benefits
Fees for technical services and commissions
Amounts derived from the disposal of movable, immovable, intellectual or intangible property
Deductible Expenses
Generally, all recorded expenses are deductible if they are incurred wholly and exclusively for the purpose of production of income – unless specifically disallowed or limited for deduction by the Income Tax Act (Law Number 25/2019). However, stricter rules apply for deductions in relation to employment income, whereby "wholly, exclusively and necessarily" test is applied.
Personal Income Tax:
Taxable Income per year Tax Rate
≤720,000 0%
>720,000 ≤1,200,000 5.5%
>1,200,000 ≤1,800,000 8%
>1,800,000 ≤2,400,000 12%
>2,400,000 15%
Corporate income tax (applicable to companies and partnerships):
>500,000 15%
Banks: 25% of the taxable income
Financial Reporting Requirements
Accounts must be prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards
or International Accounting Standards issued by International Accounting Standards Board or Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions Standards.
Auditing Requirements
Taxpayers with an annual turnover of more than MVR 10,000,000 are required to have their accounts audited by an independent auditor licensed by the relevant authority at the time of submission of the income tax return.
Employee Withholding Tax
In the context of Maldivian Employee Withholding Tax, the employer, on behalf of the employee withholds tax from the employees remuneration and pays to the Maldives Inland Revenue Authority on a monthly basis. The monthly PAYE tax brackets are based on the annual tax brackets for individuals (prorated to arrive at monthly brackets).
Due to the fact that limited deductions are available from employment income, it is expected that an employee's PAYE will usually be the final tax liability of that employee. However, employees are allowed to file an annual tax return and make a year-end adjustment where necessary.
Tax Incentives and Exemptions from Tax
Reciprocal Arrangements
Reciprocal exemption is applicable to non-resident owners, charterers or lessors of ships or aircrafts. An application for exemption must be lodged for approval from the Commissioner General.
Tax Incentives for mega investments
The Special Economic Zones Act (Law Number 24/2014) allows the Government of Maldives to provide tax incentives and reliefs including tax exemptions and tax holidays to developers and investors who invest in "Special Economic Zones" (SEZ) created under the Act.
The Act mandates the President to release an annual decree specifying the type of economic activities that may be carried, the minimum value of investment in such a zone and incentives available to its developer and investors.
Where a tax resident in the Maldives has paid tax in a foreign country or territory, credits will be allowed even without a Double Tax Avoidance Agreement, equal to the amount of foreign tax paid or tax payable in the Maldives, whichever is lower.
Tax Treaties
Currently the Maldives only has a full-fledged income tax treaty with the United Arab Emirates.
The Maldives implements transfer pricing rules as a measure to prevent arbitrary shifting of income between Maldivian companies and their foreign affiliates. As such, all persons liable to pay tax in the Maldives are required to maintain transfer pricing documentation in relation to related party transactions clearly reflecting;
details of the commercial and financial relations between the parties involved;
terms and conditions imposed between the parties; and
explanation as to why the terms of the transaction are concluded as at arm's length.
Thin Capitalisation
The Thin Capitalisation rules adopted under the Maldivian tax laws are similar to the fixed ratio rule proposed under Action 4 of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative. The maximum amount that can be deducted as interest expense subject to thin cap rules, is up to 30% of the tax-EBITDA of the business.
The rules apply to all forms of interest expenses, except interest paid to a Maldivian bank and financial institutions licensed by the Maldives Monetary Authority. Thus, interest payable to foreign banks are also subject to Thin Capitalisation rules.
Controlled Foreign Entities (CFE)
The Maldives also implements CFE rules to combat diversion of profits to tax shelters and preferential regimes. To be considered as a CFE in the Maldives, five or fewer tax residents of the Maldives must have a controlling interest of more than 50% in the foreign entity.
The taxable income of the foreign entity must then be computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act of the Maldives and each shareholding resident of the Maldives must include the undistributed income of the CFE in its taxable income utilising a formula specified in the Income Tax Act.
Non-Resident Withholding Tax
A 10% withholding tax is imposed on specified payments made to non-residents, which includes:
Rent in relation to immovable property situated in the Maldives;
Royalty;
Interest (other than interest paid or payable to a bank or non-banking financial institution approved by MIRA);
Dividends;
Fees for technical services;
Commissions paid in respect of services provided in the Maldives;
Payments made in respect of performances in the Maldives by public entertainers;
Payments made for carrying out research and development in the Maldives;
Payments made to a non-resident contractor;
Insurance premium paid to a non-resident insurer.
The Rates
The rate of GST) differs based on the sector of business. Businesses operating in the tourism sector (such as tourist resorts, tourist vessels, tourist hotels and guest houses, and any other facility situated in these establishments) are required to charge tax at a rate of 12%, whereas businesses operating in all other sectors are required to charge tax at a rate of 6% on the value of goods and services supplied.
Maldives has a list of essential goods that are zero-rated and few exempt goods and services. All exports from the Maldives are zero-rated.
It is mandatory for all businesses operating in the tourism sector to register for GST.
Businesses operating in other sectors are generally required to register for GST if:
total value of goods and services supplied in the past 12 months exceeds MVR 1,000,000
estimated value of supply for the following 12 months exceeds MVR 1,000,000
imports goods into the Maldives
Other Taxes & Fees
Green Tax is a tourism sector-specific levy imposed in the Maldives, whereby the government charges USD 6 per person per day of stay at tourist resorts, tourist vessels, and tourist hotels and USD 3 per person per day of stay at guesthouses.
Tourism Land Rent
Tourism Land Rent is payable to the Government of the Maldives from lands and islands leased out to build tourist resorts, tourist hotels and tourist guesthouses.
Once the lease agreement is signed with the Ministry of Tourism, the tourist establishments will be registered with the MIRA for the purpose of land rent collection.
The rent on lands and islands will be determined based on the land area which is based on the "Mean Tide Line" of such lands or islands. Rent must be paid to the MIRA quarterly.
Company Annual Fee and Setup Fees
All companies registered with the Ministry of Economic Development are required to pay an annual fee.
Public companies: MVR 10,000
Private companies: MVR 2,000.
Setup Fee & Charges
In addition to the above, when setting up, a one-time registration fee which varies depending on the authorised capital of the company must be paid along with a Revenue stamp of MVR 500.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Laughter With joy comes hope and an attitude of abundance. A giggle, a chuckle, a full belly chortle—all uplift the spirits. Even if for a moment, laughter can lift my mind and heart from a challenge. I experience a temporary reprieve. When my thoughts are no longer focused on perceived limitations, joy rushes in….
A diet wouldn't do me any harm, Losing a few kilos should be helpful, Overweight could cause some alarm.


Any Pardot users out there?
When testing a Pardot-sent email in Litmus, it seems that Pardot-hosted images do not display in Android 2.3. The images display in all other clients (except Lotus Notes 7, but, well, you know...). Non-Pardot-hosted Images will display in Android 2.3.
Does anyone else experience this? I can't find any help in the Pardot environment. The Pardot representative seems to think it's an issue with Litmus, and not with Pardot. I don't have an actual Android 2.3 device on which to test.


text:
Meet Jason
votejasonelliott
Press Release: State Rep. Jason Elliott files major Ethics Reform Legislation
Columbia, S.C. - State Rep. Jason Elliott (R-Greenville, District 22) has filed legislation to improve South Carolina's continually lax state ethics laws. The bill (H. 5319), titled the "South Carolina Anti-Racketeering Act," is a companion bill to Senate bill 1189. "Trust in state government is at an all-time low due to a few elected officials behaving badly. That needs to stop," said Elliott. "The South Carolina Anti-Racketeering Act will strengthen our state's weak ethics laws and restore trust in government. Special interest groups led by their armies of lobbyists need to play by the same rules as regular citizens, or face the consequences." "The simple fact is that there has been a very organized effort for at least two decades to use the powers of elected office for personal gain," said Lt. Governor Kevin Bryant, who supports the legislation. "Everyone knows what happened, but the special prosecutor is having extreme difficultly prosecuting the bad actors. That's because the law fails to explicitly outlaw these organized and intentional efforts. S. 1189 and H. 5319 will eliminate the open range now enjoyed by lobbyists, consultants and those elected officials who view Columbia as their personal ATM." Specifically, Elliott's bill would eliminate existing ethics loopholes and allow for prosecution of and stiff penalties for criminal violations of our ethics and lobbying laws. The bill creates the crime of and penalties for "political" racketeering. The bill would also ban former officeholders from ever lobbying the legislative body or office in which they served. It would further prohibit a lobbyist from working for a campaign in any capacity for two years after lobbying. Current or former public officials would have to wait two years before working or serving another candidate's campaign in any capacity. Finally, the bill prevents lobbyists from being paid by any state agency or institution. For more information, please contact State Rep. Jason Elliott at jasonelliott@schouse.gov or (864) 201-8228.
Jason Elliott files for re-election in House District 22
Elliott wins resounding primary victory
Elliott defeats incumbent in House 22 primary
Paid for by Jason Elliott for State House
Email: jason@votejasonelliott.com


text:
Funds Transfer Electronically
Apparatuses and methods to facilitate customer to supplier funds transfer via premium messages. In one aspect, an apparatus to electronically transfer funds from a customer to a supplier includes: a server component connected to a network; and a database coupled to the server component. The server component is configured to: transmit a plurality of premium rate mobile terminating text messages to the mobile cellular telephone of the customer; populate the database with an identification of the telephone number of the customer; receive classifications of offers sold by a plurality of suppliers; populate the database with a table associating the suppliers with classifications of the offers sold by the suppliers, the database including an identification of classifications for the telephone number of the customer; and determine whether to allow or prohibit transmission of text messages to effect payment based upon the identification of the classifications for the telephone number of the customer.
Smith, Glyn Barry (Chesterfield, GB)
VIDICOM LIMITED (Chesterfield, GB)
705/26.1, 705/30, 705/44
H04M3/42; G06Q20/00; G06Q30/00; G06F17/30
20090325568 METHOD OF TRANSMITTING SIGNALING MESSAGES December, 2009 Tabery et al.
20100056150 Method for triggering inter-RAT idle handoff March, 2010 Mooney et al.
20070049204 Wireless spacecraft operational and testing communications network March, 2007 Chun
20100009729 Slide-tilt mechanism for an electronic device January, 2010 Maatta
20100014497 SELECTIVELY RESTRICING PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNICATION SESSIONS AT A COMMUNICATIONS DEVICE WITHIN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM January, 2010 Aggarwal et al.
20080043726 Selective Control of User Equipment Capabilities February, 2008 Herrero-veron et al.
20080220746 KEY ESTABLISHMENT UTILIZING LINK PRIVACY September, 2008 Ekberg
20090176534 MOBILE TERMINAL HAVING FLAT PANEL SOUND OUTPUT UNIT AND VIBRATION GENERATION METHOD FOR THE SAME July, 2009 Lee et al.
20090117945 Hands-Free Device Producing a Spoken Prompt with Spatial Effect May, 2009 Mahler et al.
20080242241 Wireless communications systems, remote communications systems, external device circuits, wireless device communications modification methods, and wireless communications device communications methods October, 2008 Tuttle
20040152427 Single crystal oscillator RF transmitter system August, 2004 Chiu et al.
ALMATRAHI, FARIS S
Stephen M. De Klerk (MatterLight IP 2033 Gateway Place 5th Floor, San Jose, CA, 95110, US)
1. An apparatus to electronically transfer funds from a customer to a supplier, the customer having a mobile cellular telephone with a telephone number, a mobile cellular operator providing mobile cellular services to the mobile cellular telephone, a customer browser component connected to a network, the apparatus comprising: a server component connected to the network; and a database coupled to the server component, wherein the server component is configured to: transmit a plurality of premium rate mobile terminating text messages to the mobile cellular telephone of the customer; populate the database with an identification of the telephone number of the customer; receive classifications of offers sold by a plurality of suppliers; populate the database with a table associating the suppliers with classifications of the offers sold by the suppliers, the database including an identification of classifications for the telephone number of the customer; and determine whether to allow or prohibit transmission of text messages to effect payment based upon the identification of the classifications for the telephone number of the customer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the server determines whether to allow or prohibit the transmission of the text messages based on the classifications for the telephone number of the customer, wherein the classifications are based on age.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the server is configured to receive parental blocking commands based on classifications.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the suppliers identifies appropriate classifications for each product sold through the transmitting premium rate mobile terminating text messages.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the server is configured to transmit the premium rate terminating text messages in accordance with a schedule over a number of days to avoid exceeding a pre-established maximum daily limit.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the server component is configured to prompt customers to supply additional personal data and populate the database with the additional personal data.
7. A method to transfer funds electronically, the method comprising: populating a database at a server computer with an indication of a telephone number of a customer; receiving a classification of an offer sold by a supplier; populating the database to associate the supplier with the classification; providing an identification of classifications in the database for the telephone number of the customer; and determining whether to allow transmitting of premium rate mobile terminating text messages to effect payment from the customer to the supplier dependent upon the identification of the classifications for the telephone number of the customer.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the classification is based on age.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising receiving blocking commands from a parent.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein a parent supplying blocking commands also supplies an unblocking code.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein the transmitting of the premium rate terminating text messages is scheduled to occur over a number of days to avoid exceeding a pre-established maximum daily limit.
12. The method of claim 7, further comprising transmitting an additional text message to the mobile cellular telephone requesting additional data from the customer and receiving the additional data from the mobile cellular telephone.
13. The method of claim 7, further comprising prompting the customer to supply additional personal data and populating a database with the additional personal data.
14. The method of claim 7, further comprising facilitating access to transaction records for the customer after receiving details related to the telephone number of the customer.
15. A computer-readable medium having computer-readable instructions, the instructions causing a computer to perform a method, the method comprising: populating a database at the computer with an indication of a telephone number of a customer; receiving a classification of an offer sold by a supplier; populating the database to associate the supplier with the classification; providing an identification of classifications in the database for the telephone number of the customer; and determining whether to allow transmitting of premium rate mobile terminating text messages to effect payment from the customer to the supplier dependent upon the identification of the classifications for the telephone number of the customer.
16. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises receiving blocking commands from a parent.
17. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises receiving and recording an unblocking code from a parent.
18. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises transmitting an additional text message to the mobile cellular telephone requesting additional data from the customer and receiving the additional data from the mobile cellular telephone.
19. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises prompting the customer to supply additional personal data and populating the database with the additional personal data.
20. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises facilitating access to transaction records for the customer via the telephone number of the customer.
The present application claims priority to United Kingdom Patent Application Number 08 09 382.5, filed on May 23, 2008 and entitled "Funds Transfer Electronically," the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE TECHNOLOGY
At least some embodiments of the disclosure relate to apparatuses to transfer funds electronically from a customer to a supplier.
Systems for ordering products and/or services over the Internet and then making payment via the Internet are known. Many of these conventional systems involve identifying credit or debit card numbers such that funds may be obtained from a bank in a manner substantially similar to conventional credit card transactions.
A system for instructing payment to be made via mobile telephone text messages is described in United States patent application publication No. 2007/0203836 A1, published Aug. 30, 2007. This provides an alternative method of payment that may be considered more secure than entering credit card details into a networked computer system, but it has a disadvantage in that it requires a set up procedure in order for the method to be deployed.
An alternative approach is described in United States patent application publication number 2009/0006217 A1, published Jan. 1, 2009, which was filed Jun. 29, 2007 and assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/824,607. This process has been successfully deployed and is trading under the service mark "MOBILLCASH." The MOBILLCASH system allows an order to be placed over the Internet and for funds to be transferred by transmitting a plurality of premium rate mobile terminating text messages to a mobile telephone held by the customer. Thus, by this method, a customer is only required to enter their telephone number, resulting in a charge being made to their mobile telephone account, from which it is then possible for funds to be transferred to the supplier.
A problem with the use of mobile telephones to effect payment is that such an approach may encourage abuses, where particular transactions may be considered undesirable.
SUMMARY OF THE DESCRIPTION
Apparatuses and methods to facilitate customer to supplier funds transfer via premium messages are described herein. Some embodiments are summarized in this section.
In one aspect, there is provided apparatus for the electronic transfer of funds from a customer to a supplier, including: a plurality of customer browser components connected to a network; a plurality of supplier browser components connected to the network; a server component connected to the network and having a database component; a respective mobile cellular telephone with a telephone number operable by each of the plurality of customers; and at least one mobile cellular operator configured to provide mobile cellular services to the mobile cellular telephones, where: the server component is configured to transmit a plurality of premium rate mobile terminating text messages to the mobile cellular telephone; the server component is configured to populate the database with an identification of each customer's telephone number; the server component is configured to receive a classification of the nature of products/services sold by each supplier; the server component is configured to populate the database component with a table associating suppliers with their respective classifications; the database includes an identification of classifications for each telephone number; and the server allows or prohibits the transmission of the text messages to effect payment in dependence upon the identification of stored classifications for the requesting telephone number.
The disclosure includes methods and apparatuses which perform these methods, including data processing systems which perform these methods, and computer readable media containing instructions which when executed on data processing systems cause the systems to perform these methods.
Other features will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the detailed description which follows.
The embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements.
FIG. 1 shows a representation of the Internet.
FIG. 2 shows components forming a preferred embodiment working within the environment of FIG. 1 conducted within the environment of FIG. 2.
FIG. 3 shows procedures conducted within the environment of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 shows an example of a browser.
FIG. 5 details the visual display unit identified in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 details graphical user interfaces displayed by the visual display unit identified in FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 shows procedures implemented by a service server.
FIG. 8 details procedures for confirming a payment identified in FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 details procedures for the allocation of messages identified in FIG. 7.
FIG. 10 shows an example of a constraints file of the type identified in FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 shows various use types.
FIG. 12 shows an environment substantially similar to that of FIG. 2, implementing one embodiment.
FIG. 13 shows an example of an invitation of the type identified in FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 shows a graphical user interface for receiving information.
FIG. 15 shows a database table for recording information.
FIG. 16 shows the generation of a report.
FIG. 17 details a table in database 208.
FIG. 18 shows an example of procedures for the transfer of information.
FIG. 19 illustrates the transfer of information to a user's browser.
FIG. 20 shows the display of information at a user's mobile cellular telephone.
FIG. 21 shows procedures performed in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
FIG. 22 shows a table of classifications.
FIG. 23 shows a graphical user interface for receiving information from a seller.
FIG. 24 illustrates a table within database 208.
FIG. 25 shows procedures for recording parental blocks.
FIG. 26 shows another table within the database.
FIG. 27 illustrates a preferred method.
FIG. 28 illustrates a message displayed to a user when a transaction is blocked.
The following description and drawings are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting. Numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding. However, in certain instances, well known or conventional details are not described in order to avoid obscuring the description. References to one or an embodiment in the present disclosure are not necessarily references to the same embodiment; and, such references mean at least one.
A representation of the Internet 101 is illustrated in FIG. 1 in which potential customers are provided with customer browsers 101 to 108 and a plurality of suppliers are provided with supplier browsers 111 to 115. The environment therefore allows customers to place orders with suppliers for the delivery of products and/or services and for the customers to transfer funds to the suppliers in order to effect payment for the goods and/or services.
It is known practice for a transaction to be initiated by a customer, such as customer 102, by the customer making a request for a web page to be served, which provides details of a supplier's products, allows product selections to be made and facilitates payment for these products.
Within the environment identified in FIG. 1, a preferred aspect of one embodiment provides an apparatus for the electronic transfer of funds from a customer to a supplier as illustrated in FIG. 2. A customer browser component 102 is connected to the Internet 101 and a supplier server component 111 is also connected to the Internet. A service server component 201 is connected to the Internet 101 and a mobile cellular telephone 202 is operable by the customer, that is to say, the same customer who is using browser 102.
A mobile cellular operator 203 provides mobile cellular services to the mobile cellular telephone 202. The service server component 201 is configured to transmit a plurality of premium rate mobile terminating text messages 204 to the mobile cellular telephone to effect a payment from the customer (at 102) to the supplier (at 111) after the customer has placed an order with the supplier.
The mobile terminating premium rate messages are included in telephone bills received by the mobile telephone owner, resulting in payment 210 being made to the mobile operator 203. Thereafter, the mobile operator 203 effects the appropriate transfer 211 to the supplier 111. The supplier 111 has now received funds and is therefore prompted to perform delivery 212 of the purchased product or service.
Procedures conducted within the environment of FIG. 2 are detailed in FIG. 3, in the form of a telecommunications protocol diagram. The diagram of FIG. 3 includes the browser 102, the cellular telephone 202, the supplier server 111 and the service server 201.
Initially, the browser issues a signal 301 to request a page to be supplied from the supplier server 111. In response to receiving this request, a page of data 302 is returned to the browser 102, resulting in a page being displayed to the customer at the browser 102.
In response to reviewing the served page, a request 303 for an order is conveyed to the supplier server 111. In response to receiving this order, the product server 111 makes an invitation 304 for a payment to be made. In response to receiving an invitation for a payment to be made, the browser makes an instruction 305 in order to effect the payment. Thus, in accordance with one embodiment, payment is made by issuing premium rate text messages to the mobile telephone.
The supplier server 111 issues an instruction 306 to the service server 201. The service server 201 issues a request 307 to the mobile cellular telephone 202 for a confirmation to the effect that the payment is to be made. Thus, in order to achieve payment by the mobile telephone mechanism, it is necessary to enter a telephone number and it is also necessary for the purchaser to be in possession of the mobile telephone so that the purchaser may effect that confirmation.
The mobile cellular telephone therefore issues a confirmation 308 back to the service server 201 (via the cellular telephone network) to the effect that the purchase has been confirmed.
Upon receiving the request confirmation 308, the service server schedules and issues a plurality of premium rate mobile terminating text messages 309. Thereafter, the product, virtual product or service is sent from the supplier to the purchaser, as illustrated by arrow 310.
An example of a browser 201 is illustrated in FIG. 4, in which a visual display unit 401 is provided to allow web pages to be displayed. In addition, user input is facilitated by a keyboard 402 and a mouse 403. The applicant has become aware that browser environments are particularly attractive for displaying catalogues of goods and receiving orders for goods. However, problems arise in terms of effecting payment over the Internet due to security concerns. The mobile telephone system described herein thereby provides an alternative mechanism for payment.
Generally, the relationship between customers and mobile providers is a strong relationship built on mutual trust. Within the Internet environment it is unlikely for this level of trust to exist. Furthermore, it is not necessary for the user to have access to a credit card or to even possess a credit card.
In the example shown in FIG. 4, the browser takes the form of a desktop computer but equally it could take the form of a laptop computer or similar device. It is also envisaged that the browser and mobile telephone text messaging services could be constrained within a unified product, such as a high level mobile device.
FIG. 5 details the visual display unit 401 identified in FIG. 4. The visual display unit 401 in FIG. 5 shows an image relevant for initiating the process of making a payment. Display 501 includes a field 502 in which the current price is displayed. The user is then prompted to identify a means of payment, which in this example shows a credit card link 503, a debit card link 504 and the mobile telephone account link 505. In practice, many of these links may be repeated for different credit card types, for example, and often each credit card link would include its associated logo or graphical representation, etc.
Having clicked through on link 505 (as shown in FIG. 5) screen 601 is displayed, that also includes a field 602 identifying the required payment. Having clicked through for this type of payment, it is possible that the total payment figure may have increased so as to include an additional charge for effecting payment via the mobile cellular telephone network. Thus, assuming a user wishes to continue, the user is invited to enter their cellular telephone number in a field 603 and the user may be asked to confirm this number in a further field 604. After confirming the payment, a further screen 605 may be displayed, subject to the particular implementation of the application.
Screen 605 includes a field 606 again identifying the total payment. The screen then continues to say that this amount will be deducted from the telephone account and a user is invited to accept the transaction by clicking button 607 or declining the transaction by clicking cancel button 608.
Procedures implemented by the service server 201 are identified in FIG. 7. The service server provides for the operating of a payment via the Internet in which details are received, of a transaction, from a product server 111 identifying a price to be paid by the customer. Details of the customer's mobile telephone are received at the service server and thereafter a plurality of premium rate text messages are transmitted to the mobile telephone to effect that payment.
In response to receiving instructions 306, the service server 201 seeks confirmation from the mobile cellular telephone in operation 701 to the effect that payment is to be made.
Upon receiving confirmation 308, messages are allocated in operation 702, and in operation 703 the premium rate messages are transmitted with confirmation to the supplier being provided in operation 704.
The result of procedure 701 for confirming the payment is illustrated in FIG. 8, in which the mobile cellular telephone 202 receives a message displayed on the mobile telephone display 801. In this example, the message states "please confirm your payment of" and the amount to be paid is displayed in field 802. In this example, it is possible to confirm the payment by operating the central navigation button 803. Alternatively, the transaction may be cancelled by the operation of a cancel button 804.
The confirmation of the payment creates a mobile originating message. This message may incur a modest charge for transmission over the mobile network. In this example, a dedicated mobile telephone is shown. However it should be appreciated that the mobile telephone designation also includes other devices with mobile telephony functionality.
Procedure 702 for the allocation of messages is illustrated in FIG. 9. In operation 901 a file 902 of data is read that identifies appropriate local constraints for the transaction. Alternatively, these details may be supplied from an appropriately configured database. The local constraints are relevant for the particular country in which the financial transaction is taking place, including appropriate currency for the transaction and other regulations relating to the use of premium rate messages.
The constraints contained within file 902 identify the specific examples of premium rate messages that may be deployed, along with a level of payment that is associated with each of these messages. In addition, the constraints also specify maximum transaction values, usually restricting the total level of transactions that may occur during a day and often also identifying a maximum level of transactions that may take place over a month, given that many customers are billed on a monthly basis.
In this example, an operator may specify that total transactions for a day must not exceed 30 dollars and total transactions for the month must not exceed 400 dollars. Typically, these constraints are applied across an operator's network and are not allocated on a customer-by-customer basis.
In operation 903 the total value of the transaction is divided into a plurality of messages such that in combination, the value of the messages adds up to the total value of the transaction.
In operation 904 an allocation is made over a number of months. If the total value of the transaction exceeds a monthly limit, it is necessary to spread the transmission of the messages over two or more months.
In operation 905 an allocation is made over a number of days. Again, if either total transactions or monthly transactions exceed the total transactions allowed, the actual transmissions must take place over a number of days, with a plurality of messages being allocated for each individual day within the batch.
It is possible for the maximum transmissions to occur within, for example, three days over a particular month. It is possible that the transactions could occur over more days, until the allocation for the month is reached. If the allocation for the month is reached, it is then necessary to continue making transmissions upon entering the next month.
In operation 906 the transmissions are scheduled, resulting in the generation of a transmission schedule 907.
FIG. 10 shows an example of a constraints file 902 of the type identified in FIG. 9. This defines a total transmission value for the day and a total transmission value for the month. In addition, it identifies valid premium rate message codes. Thus, in this example, at line 1001 a code 861000 effects a charge of 50 cents, as shown at line 1002. Similarly, a code of 861100 effects a charge of 1 dollar and as illustrated at line 1003, a charge of 1.50 dollars is effected as a result of transmitting code 861110. A code of 861111 results in a charge of 3 dollars and similarly a five dollar charge results from the transmission of code 861112.
An example of a displayed field 802 is also shown in FIG. 10 which, for the purposes of this illustration, indicates a charge of 25.50 dollars.
The present preferred apparatus performs a method of transferring funds electronically in which a plurality of premium rate mobile text messages are transmitted from the server to a mobile cellular telephone to effect payment from the customer to the supplier after the customer has placed an order with a supplier via a network connected browser. A database is populated at the server with an identification of each customer's telephone number. It is then possible for customers to make purchases via this mechanism in a nonregistered mode of operation. However, in accordance with a preferred aspect of one embodiment, the customer is prompted to supply additional personal data. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 11, nonregistered use of the system is illustrated at 1101. After this nonregistered use, a question is asked at 1102 of a customer as to whether they wish to register their use of the system. Thus, when answered in the negative, further nonregistered use may occur at 1101.
If, however, the customer agrees to the registration process (the question asked in operation 1102 being answered in the affirmative), a registration process is performed in operation 1103.
Thereafter, registered use occurs in operation 1104, and thereafter in operation 1105, transaction information may be transferred to suppliers and third parties.
FIG. 12 shows an environment substantially similar to that of FIG. 2, implementing one embodiment. Multiple premium rate mobile terminating text messages 204 are shown being issued from the server 201 to the mobile cellular telephone 202. However, in addition, the user also receives an invitation 215 or a prompt to supply additional personal information.
In an alternative preferred embodiment, after the mobile telephone has provided a positive response to the effect that they are prepared to register, further communication takes place via the browser 201 as illustrated at 215.
FIG. 13 shows an example of an invitation 215 of the type identified in FIG. 12. In the example of an invitation 215 to a browser illustrated in FIG. 13, the browser receives a message 1301 which states "would you like to receive a discount?" In response to receiving this, it is possible for the user to press a cancel button 1302. Alternatively, pressing an "OK" button 1303 results in an affirmative response being returned to the server 201.
FIG. 14 shows a graphical user interface for receiving information. In a preferred embodiment, personal information is received from the user via the user's browser 102.
When the user makes use of browser 102 to effect payment via this method again, the user is presented with a screen of the type shown in FIG. 14. At the browser, the user selects fields within the graphical user interface using mouse 403 and enters the text by keyboard 402. The user then applies a mouse click to the "send" link 1401.
In this example, a first name is received at field 1402 and a family name is received at field 1403. These are text boxes allowing any text entry to be made. Further fields 1404 to 1407 are provided in the form of pull down boxes from which predefined selections can be made. Thus, in field 1404 the user is invited to identify their gender and at field 1405 they are invited to identify their city of residence. Similarly, pull down box 1406 invites the user to identify a favorite entertainment and a similar pull down box at 1407 allows a favorite hobby to be identified within the field. As previously stated, the user then selects link 1401 and the information is transmitted over channel 215 to the database 208 within server 201.
FIG. 15 shows a database table for recording information. Within database 208 a table is created so as to record the information received from each user. At column 1501 a unique identification is given for the user which is then recorded against the user's telephone number at column 1502. For nonregistered use, only columns 1501 and 1502 are populated. Alternatively, it would be possible for telephone numbers to be recorded in a separate linked table.
Columns 1503 to 1508 only become populated after a registration process. Thus, a given name and a family name are recorded at columns 1503 and 1504 respectively in response to receiving free text entries 1402 and 1403.
Gender is recorded at 1505 (from entry 1404), with city, entertainment and hobbies being recorded at 1506, 1507 and 1508, in response to entries from 1405, 1406 and 1407.
FIG. 16 shows the generation of a report. It is envisaged that personal data will be collected over a period of time and a plurality of tables may be included within a database of substantially similar configuration to that shown in FIG. 15. Registered users are identified as such, and in a preferred embodiment the user is provided with a discount each time the service is used. As previously described with respect to FIG. 10, the possibility of providing an additional charges for the service was described, and in a preferred embodiment this charge may be made against nonregistered users whereas registered users may be able to make use of the service for free.
Similarly, suppliers, such as supplier 111, may be in a position to make use of the service effectively for free, but a charge may be required if they wish to obtain user transaction data, essentially for marketing purposes. In a preferred embodiment, it is possible for a supplier to receive transaction data relating to the specific transactions made with them. Alternatively, average data may be of greater assistance such that specific telephone numbers are not required, whereupon it will be possible to provide a broader range of data, including data obtained from transactions relating to other suppliers.
Furthermore, in an alternative preferred embodiment, given that the personal nature of the data has been removed, it would be possible for this accumulated data to be made available to external parties not actually themselves registered as a supplier. Furthermore, the availability of this data may encourage suppliers to make this service available to their customers.
In a first embodiment it is possible for suppliers to gain access to database 208. Alternatively, it may be possible for the suppliers to receive designated reports, such as report 1601 of the type shown in FIG. 16.
In the example shown in FIG. 16, a supplier is interested in advertising entertainment packages and therefore wishes to know which type of entertainments are preferred by their existing customers. Thus, by referring to the information collected within column 1507, for a number of users, it is possible to perform calculations to determine percentages. Thus, in this example, the supplier receives information to the effect that 40% of their users prefer playing computer games, compared to the other options of watching movies, watching plays, watching sports or watching comedy. Thus, with this information on hand, the supplier may make an educated decision to the effect that further website promotions would best be directed at computer games in preference to DVDs and movie downloads, etc.
FIG. 17 details a table in database 208, which includes a table for recording each financial transaction. Nonregistered use as indicated at 1101 and registered use as indicated at 1104 result in the table shown in FIG. 17 being populated.
Table 1701 includes a first column 1702 for recording the identity of the user. Thus, in this example, each user is given a unique number.
The supplier from whom the user is purchasing product/service is identified in column 1703, followed by an indication of the product 1704. Column 1705 records a net price and column 1706 records a discount from the net price. This discount represents a discount given for being a registered user and does not relate to any discounts given by the supplier themselves; these being included in the net price figure. Thus, thereafter, column 1707 records an actual price.
In this example, user 4781 has purchased product from supplier Smith, Jones and Big Inc. Thus a total of three products have been purchased, identified in this example as P2, P4 and P5.
FIG. 18 shows an example of procedures for the transfer of information, as indicated in operation 1105.
In operation 1801, information is transferred to a supplier over channel 209, for example. This may result in the supplier receiving customer related information such as that illustrated in FIG. 16.
In operation 1802 information is supplied to third parties. This information is aggregated and does not identify specific customers. The third party does not necessarily make use of the service but it is possible for the third party to obtain this information for a price.
In operation 1803 details of the user's transactions are transferred to the user's browser. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, it may be possible for registered users to obtain this information without additional charge.
In operation 1804 the transfer of user information to a user's mobile cellular telephone is illustrated. This may be available without charge, or a predetermined number of transmissions per month may be available without charge, after which a charge will be made to the user.
Operation 1803 for the transfer of information to the user's browser results in data being displayed at the user's browser as shown in FIG. 19.
User 4781 logs on to the appropriate website and supplies appropriate information to allow the log on procedure to be completed. Thus, for example, it is likely that a user would identify their telephone and a password. Thus, having entered this information, details of recent transactions are supplied to the user.
In the example shown, a statement takes the form of a table. This includes a first column 1901 for identifying the name of the supplier, a second table 1902 for identifying the product, a third table 1903 for identifying the net price and a fourth table 1904 for identifying the actual amount paid.
As it can be seen from FIG. 19, the totality of the data available in table 1701 has been filtered so as to show only the transactions for user 781. Furthermore, in this example, the actual discount figure (from column 1706) is not included. However, the system does identify the actual price paid and at 1905 a total is included, possibly for all transactions up to transactions included on the last mobile telephone statement. Thus, a payment is made for mobile telephone services as illustrated at 210, resulting in the transactional data being recorded as paid. Thereafter, in the preferred embodiment, only unpaid transactions are included. In this way, it is possible for a user to be kept up to date as to where they stand in anticipation of the next mobile cellular bill. Furthermore, in an alternative embodiment it is possible for a user to obtain historical records, possibly on a monthly basis.
In response to the transfer of data to the user's mobile telephone, as identified in operation 1804, information is displayed on the mobile cellular telephone 202, as shown in FIG. 20. In this example, the information is shown in a table having a first column 2001 and a second column 2002. In this example, column 2001 identifies the product (P2, P4, P5 etc) and column 2002 shows the actual price paid AP2, AP4 and AP5 etc. The mobile telephone display may also include a total, shown at 2003, which would be of particular use to users given that it would indicate how much they have spent in a particular month so as to assist them with budgeting.
The apparatus described provides for the electronic transfer of funds from a customer to a supplier. In the environment, a plurality of customer browser components are connected to a network and a plurality of supplier browser components are connected to the network. A server component is connected to the network and the server has a database component. A respective mobile cellular telephone with a telephone number is owned by each of the customers or users. In addition, there is a mobile cellular operator configured to provide mobile cellular services to the mobile cellular telephones. The server component is configured to transmit a plurality of premium rate mobile terminating text messages to the mobile cellular telephone. In addition, the server component is configured to populate the database with an identification of each customer's telephone number.
The server component is also configured to receive a classification of the nature of products/services sold by each supplier and is also configured to populate the database component with a table associating suppliers with their respective classifications. The database includes an identification of classifications for each of the telephone numbers and the server allows or prohibits the transmission of the text messages to effect payment dependent upon the identification of stored classifications for the requesting telephone number.
The overall procedures performed to achieve a sale within the environment of the preferred embodiment are illustrated in FIG. 21.
In operation 2101 items that include products, virtual products and services are made available. However, in order for a product or service to be available for sale using the method described herein, it is necessary for each product or service to be provided with a classification, primarily identifying an appropriate age at which the product or service may be received. In many instances, such classifications are readily available, such as for movies and computer games. Furthermore, many examples of items sold in this way will not be restricted and as such an appropriate designation is given.
In operation 2102 a record is made of parental blocks. Thus, it is possible for a parent to provide a mobile telephone to, for example, a 14 year old with an appropriate block being recorded such that the 14 year old may receive anything considered appropriate for anyone over 11 or over 13 but not over 15.
In operation 2103 a selection of an item is made and a purchase procedure is initiated, as described with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6.
Thereafter, in operation 2104, the purchase is completed which, in accordance with the preferred embodiment, includes a check to determine whether or not the purchase has been blocked.
An example of a table of classifications is shown in FIG. 22. The first column 2201 of the table includes a list of classification abbreviations and the second column 2202 shows an appropriate description. Thus, in this example, a classification of 12 indicates that the material is suitable for anyone over 11. A classification of 14 indicates that it is suitable for anyone over 13, a classification of 16 confirms that it is suitable for anyone over 15 and a classification of 18 means that it is only appropriate for an adult.
A classification of 0 indicates that the material is not restricted in any way. Furthermore, in this embodiment, a classification of S is included showing that the product relates to a specialist activity. Specialist activity classifications allow subgroups to be defined in which additional requirements need to be met in order for the purchase to be allowed. For example, such a classification could be included for pharmaceuticals, firearms or even magic tricks.
In order to make items available for sale through the mechanism described herein, it is necessary for a seller to complete a registration procedure for each product, using a browser displaying a graphical user interface of the type shown in FIG. 23.
In the interface of FIG. 23, a product designation is provided at field 2301. Similarly, a price is specified at field 2302 and in accordance with this preferred embodiment, a classification is provided at field 2303.
In some embodiments an independent check may be made of the classification. Alternatively contractual conditions with suppliers may state that details of further inventory will not be received from a supplier if misclassifications are included.
Having populated fields 2301 to 2304, the supplier clicks on link 2304, effecting a sending of the entered information to the server database 208.
At the database 208, each product is given a unique product identification number. Each unique product may be given a product identification number, with the same identification number being used for the same product when sold by different sellers. Alternatively, the product identification number may be unique for each product sold by each seller.
Within the database 208, tables are constructed identifying the product identification numbers and product descriptions, prices and classifications, etc. However, in addition, indexes are established to facilitate the rapid checking of product identification numbers against their recorded classification.
A table 2401 is shown in FIG. 24 in which each product identification number is recorded in a column 2402 with its appropriate classification, as supplied by the seller using field 2303, being recorded in column 2405. Thus, as can be seen from this example, product 00003 has a classification of 12 with product 0004 having a classification of 18.
Procedures for the recording of parental blocks identified in operation 2102 are detailed in FIG. 25. In response to requesting a parental block, a browser used by a parent, for example, is provided with a graphical user interface of the type shown in FIG. 25. Using this graphical user interface, a telephone number is entered in field 2501. In field 2502 a classification block is specified. Before a block has been imposed, it is assumed that no restrictions exist. The highest level of blocking is to enter a classification of 12. With classification of 12, only non-restricted items may be paid for using this service. With classification 12 blocked, this automatically blocks 14, 16 and 18. Similarly, with a block classification of 14, only non-restricted and 12 classification products may be purchased. Similarly with a block of 16, only items classified 12 and 14 may be purchased and with a block classification of 18, adult material will be blocked but items classified 12, 14 and 16 can be purchased.
In a preferred embodiment, additional measures may be required in order to verify the status of the blocked person imposing the block. Thus, for example, in order to effect a block it may be necessary for the parent to be in actual possession of the mobile telephone.
Having identified the block classification, the parent is required to specify an unblock code in field 2503 followed by a confirmation of this code in field 2504. This code is kept secret by the parent and will be required if the parent wishes to adjust the level of blocking or remove the blocking altogether. Thus, it is not possible for a child using the mobile telephone to remove the block unless they are aware of the unblock code. Furthermore, should the unblock code become known to the user, it would be relatively straightforward for the parent to repeat the blocking procedure using an alternative code.
Having completed the fields in the user interface, the parent clicks on link 2505, resulting in the information being supplied to the database 208.
FIG. 26 shows another table within the database. In response to receiving parental block information, a table 2601, as shown in FIG. 26, is populated at the database 208.
Blocking information is received continually and in no particular order. However, in order to facilitate the fast searching of this information, a primary key is established at the database 208. Thus, a first column 2602 records the blocked classifications in order, followed by an identification of the user ID in column 2603.
A method performed within the environment and in accordance with the preferred embodiment is detailed in FIG. 27. Thus, this method allows for funds transfer electronically by populating a database at the server component with an indication of a customer's telephone number. On receiving a classification of the nature of the products/services sold by each of a plurality of suppliers. The database component is populated with a table associating suppliers with their respective classifications and an indication of classifications is provided for each telephone number. The transmission of premium rate mobile terminating text messages to effect a payment is allowed upon the identification of stored classifications.
In use, an item has been selected and the purchasing procedure has been initiated by clicking link 505 identified in FIG. 5. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 6, it is necessary to identify the user's telephone number first in field 603 and then in field 604. If accepted, the user will receive a display as illustrated at 605.
Referring to the procedures identified in FIG. 27, having received data from interface 601, an identification of the product is made in operation 2701. This information will have been collected by the system during the product selection process and therefore the product ID should be included within data contained within the web page.
In operation 2702 the product classification is read with reference to table 2401. Thus, if product 0002 has been selected, the system is now aware that this has a classification of 0. Similarly, if product 00004 has been selected, the system is aware that the product has a classification of 18.
In operation 2703 the user ID is identified, and in operation 2704 a question is asked as to whether the user has been blocked. The classification for product 00004 is recorded as 18, so if this product is selected, blocked classes 18 are considered in table 2601. In this example, this will show that user 0002, 0006, 021, 031 and 164 should be blocked. In addition, any user with classifications 12, 14 or 16 would also be blocked.
If the sale has not been blocked, the sale will continue in operation 2705. However, if, for example, user 0006 attempts to purchase product 0004, the question asked in operation 2704 will be answered in the affirmative and the sale will be blocked.
When the question asked in operation 2704 is answered in the negative, the sale continues, as illustrated in operation 2705, and the user is presented with an interface 605 allowing them to accept or cancel the sale via their mobile telephone account. However, if the question asked in operation 2704 is answered in the affirmative, to the effect that the sale has been blocked, a message 2801 will be displayed on monitor 401 to the effect that the sale has been blocked. Thus, a message states "sorry! This purchase has been blocked."
In the foregoing specification, the disclosure has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will be evident that various modifications may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope as set forth in the following claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative sense rather than a restrictive sense.
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text:
Q: Bootstrap 4 page wide header bar above navbar I have a working navbar, but how to get a pagewide bar above the navbar (Pagewide div). In mobile view the bar can disappear.

                Pagewide

                <a class="navbar-brand" href="<?php echo $this->url('home'); ?>" target="_self">
                    <img src="<?= $this->basePath('img/logo.png') ?>" style="width: 100%;"/>

                <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarTogglerDemo02" aria-controls="navbarTogglerDemo02" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">

                </button>
                <form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0">
                    <input class="form-control form-control-sm mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search">
                    <button class="btn btn-outline-success my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit">Search</button>
                </form>

                            <a class="nav-link" href="<?= $this->basePath('inloggen') ?>">Inloggen(current)

                            Link

                            Disabled

A: The fixed-top navbar is always on top.
To put your header bar above it, determine how tall you want the pagewide bar, and set the top: space above the fixed navbar. Use a media query to hide on smaller screens.
https://www.codeply.com/go/bembG1Lulg
@media (min-width: 992px) {
    .navbar {
        top: 54px;
    }

    .pagewide {
        height: 54px;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package me.coley.recaf.util;

import org.reactfx.util.TriFunction;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Escape code replacement utility.
 *
 * @author xxDark
 */
public final class EscapeUtil {
	private static final Map<String, String> WHITESPACE_TO_ESCAPE = new HashMap<>();
	private static final Map<String, String> ESCAPE_TO_WHITESPACE = new HashMap<>();
	private static final char TERMINATOR = '\0';

	private EscapeUtil() {}

	/**
	 * Replaces any unicode-whitespace or common escapable sequence with an escaped sequence.
	 *
	 * @param input
	 * 		Input text.
	 *
	 * @return String without escaped characters.
	 */
	public static String escape(String input) {
		return visit(escapeCommon(input), EscapeUtil::computeUnescapeUnicode);
	}

	/**
	 * Replaces any common escapable sequence with an escaped sequence.
	 *
	 * @param input
	 * 		Input text.
	 *
	 * @return String without common escaped characters.
	 */
	public static String escapeCommon(String input) {
		return visit(input, EscapeUtil::computeUnescapeStandard);
	}

	/**
	 * Replaces any escape code with its literal value.
	 *
	 * @param input
	 * 		Input text.
	 *
	 * @return String with escaped characters.
	 */
	public static String unescape(String input) {
		return unescapeStandard(unescapeUnicode(input));
	}

	/**
	 * Replaces escaped unicode with actual unicode. For example: {@code \u0048}
	 *
	 * @param input
	 * 		Input text.
	 *
	 * @return String with escaped characters.
	 */
	public static String unescapeUnicode(String input) {
		return visit(input, EscapeUtil::computeEscapeUnicode);
	}

	/**
	 * Replaces standard escape codes with literal values. For example: {@code \n}
	 *
	 * @param input
	 * 		Input text.
	 *
	 * @return String with escaped characters.
	 */
	public static String unescapeStandard(String input) {
		return visit(input, EscapeUtil::computeEscapeStandard);
	}

	private static String visit(String input, TriFunction<String, Integer, StringBuilder, Integer> consumer) {
		int len = input.length();
		int cursor = 0;
		StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(len);
		while(cursor < len) {
			int consumed = consumer.apply(input, cursor, builder);
			if (consumed == 0) {
				// Nothing consumed, not an escaped character
				char c1 = input.charAt(cursor++);
				builder.append(c1);
				// Does additional character need to be appended?
				if (Character.isHighSurrogate(c1) && cursor < len) {
					char c2 = input.charAt(cursor);
					if (Character.isLowSurrogate(c2)) {
						builder.append(c2);
						cursor += 1;
					}
				}
			} else {
				// Shift cursor by amount consumed
				for (int pt = 0; pt < consumed; ++pt) {
					cursor += Character.charCount(Character.codePointAt(input, cursor));
				}
			}
		}
		return builder.toString();
	}

	private static int computeUnescapeUnicode(String input, int cursor, StringBuilder builder) {
		// Bounds check
		if (cursor >= input.length()) {
			return 0;
		}
		// Check if next character finishes an unescape value, 1 if so, 0 if not.
		String current = String.valueOf(input.charAt(cursor));
		String escaped = WHITESPACE_TO_ESCAPE.get(current);
		if (escaped != null) {
			builder.append(escaped);
			return 1;
		}
		// No replacement
		return 0;
	}

	private static int computeUnescapeStandard(String input, int cursor, StringBuilder builder) {
		// Bounds check
		if (cursor >= input.length()) {
			return 0;
		}
		// Check if next character finishes an unescape value, 1 if so, 0 if not.
		char current = input.charAt(cursor);
		switch(current) {
			case '\n':
				builder.append("\\n");
				return 1;
			case '\r':
				builder.append("\\r");
				return 1;
			case '\t':
				builder.append("\\t");
				return 1;
			case '\\':
				builder.append("\\\\");
				return 1;
			default:
				return 0;
		}
	}

	private static int computeEscapeUnicode(String input, int cursor, StringBuilder builder) {
		// Bounds check
		if (cursor + 1 >= input.length()) {
			return 0;
		}

		// Check for double backslash in prefix "\\\\u" in "\\\\uXXXX"
		boolean initialEscape = input.charAt(cursor) == '\\' && input.charAt(cursor + 1) == '\\';

		// Check prefix "\\u" in "\\uXXXX"
		if (!initialEscape) {
			if (input.charAt(cursor) != '\\' || input.charAt(cursor + 1) != 'u') {
				return 0;
			}
		}

		// Compute escape size, initial is 2 for the "\\u"
		int len = 2;
		// Combined:
		// - Bounds check
		// - Case check for "\\uuXXXX" where 'u' is repeated
		while(cursor + len < input.length() && input.charAt(cursor + len) == 'u') {
			len++;
		}
		// Combined:
		// - Bounds check
		// - Case check for "\\u+XXXX" format
		if (cursor + len < input.length() && input.charAt(cursor + len) == '+') {
			len += 1;
		}
		// Bounds check, then fetch hex value and store in builder, then return total consumed length
		if (cursor + len + 4 <= input.length()) {
			String substring = input.substring(cursor, cursor + len + 4);

			if (initialEscape) {
				builder.append(substring);
				return len + 4;
			}

			String unicode = input.substring(cursor + len, cursor + len + 4);
			try {
				int value = Integer.parseInt(unicode, 16);
				builder.append(value != TERMINATOR ? (char) value : substring);
			} catch(NumberFormatException ignored) {
				return 0;
			}
			return len + 4;
		}
		return 0;
	}

	private static int computeEscapeStandard(String input, int cursor, StringBuilder builder) {
		// Bounds check
		if (cursor + 1 >= input.length()) {
			return 0;
		}
		// Check prefix '\' in "\X"
		if (input.charAt(cursor) != '\\') {
			return 0;
		}
		// Check if next character finishes the escape pattern, 2 if so, 0 if not.
		char next = input.charAt(cursor + 1);
		switch(next) {
			case 'n':
				builder.append('\n');
				return 2;
			case 'r':
				builder.append('\r');
				return 2;
			case 't':
				builder.append('\t');
				return 2;
			case '\\':
				builder.append('\\');
				return 2;
			default:
				return 0;
		}
	}

	static void addWhitespace(String unescape, String escape) {
		// Mapping between whitespace unicode value and character
		WHITESPACE_TO_ESCAPE.put(unescape, escape);
		ESCAPE_TO_WHITESPACE.put(escape, unescape);
	}

	static {
		//Unicode whitespaces
		for (int i = 0; i < 0x20; i++) {
			addWhitespace(String.valueOf(Character.toChars(i)), "\\u" + String.format("%04X", i));
		}
		for (int i = 0x7F; i < 0xA0; i++) {
			addWhitespace(String.valueOf(Character.toChars(i)), "\\u" + String.format("%04X", i));
		}
		for (int i = 0x6E5; i < 0x6E6; i++) {
			addWhitespace(String.valueOf(Character.toChars(i)), "\\u" + String.format("%04X", i));
		}
		for (int i = 0x17B4; i < 0x17B5; i++) {
			addWhitespace(String.valueOf(Character.toChars(i)), "\\u" + String.format("%04X", i));
		}
		for (int i = 0x180B; i < 0x180E; i++) {
			addWhitespace(String.valueOf(Character.toChars(i)), "\\u" + String.format("%04X", i));
		}
		for (int i = 0x2000; i < 0x200F; i++) {
			addWhitespace(String.valueOf(Character.toChars(i)), "\\u" + String.format("%04X", i));
		}
		for (int i = 0x2028; i < 0x202F; i++) {
			addWhitespace(String.valueOf(Character.toChars(i)), "\\u" + String.format("%04X", i));
		}
		for (int i = 0x205F; i < 0x206F; i++) {
			addWhitespace(String.valueOf(Character.toChars(i)), "\\u" + String.format("%04X", i));
		}
		addWhitespace(String.valueOf(Character.toChars('\u3164')), "\\u" + String.format("%04X", (int) '\u3164'));
		addWhitespace(String.valueOf(Character.toChars('\u318F')), "\\u" + String.format("%04X", (int) '\u318F'));
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Parliament productivity went down after Rahul became Congress chief: Ananth Kumar
Claiming that Rahul Gandhi did not understand the nuances of legislative functioning, the Parliamentary Affairs minister said the Congress kept changing the goalposts.
india Updated: Mar 28, 2018 21:38 IST
Press Trust of India, New Delhi
Congress leader and president Rahul Gandhi arrives for the 2018 Budget Session at Parliament House in New Delhi.(HT File Photo)
Union Minister Ananth Kumar on Wednesday blamed Congress president Rahul Gandhi for the ongoing disruptions in Parliament, saying that the productivity of its two Houses had dipped after Gandhi took over as the party chief.
Claiming that Gandhi did not understand the nuances of legislative functioning, the Parliamentary Affairs minister said the Congress kept changing the goalposts.
Kumar also ruled out an early end to the ongoing budget session.
"The government is not going to adjourn the House sine die before schedule. We always want to the run the House," he said.
Replying to questions on a no-confidence motion being planned by opposition parties, Kumar said the Modi government was ready for a discussion on it and face the motion.
"Rahul Gandhi does not know parliamentary nuances and therefore the Congress, following the trail of other parties, gave a no-confidence motion," Kumar said, adding that the motion had been moved by the YSRCP and TDP much before the Congress had done so.
Accusing the opposition party of changing the goalposts, Kumar said the government had always been ready for discussions but it was the Congress which kept changing its demands for a debate in the House.
"We are ready and waiting for discussions but every other day the Congress comes up with some new excuse to stall the proceedings of both the Houses courtesy its chief Rahul Gandhi. Since he became the party president, the productivity of both houses has gone down," Kumar told reporters here.
He added the motion was not taken up for consideration as the House was not in order and Congress workers were carrying placards.
Kumar said when Meira Kumar was speaker during UPA-2, she gave a ruling on 15 occasions that since the House was not in order because of disruptions, she was not in a position to bring a motion before it.
Earlier, speaking to reporters outside Parliament, Kumar said the people would give a "befitting" reply to the Congress for mocking the process of a no-confidence motion.
The minister claimed the opposition parties lacked the numbers to move the motion and wanted to show the people that "they can achieve something without the numbers.
The people will give a befitting reply across the country, and also in Karnataka, for the way they have stalled the functioning of Parliament, created a ruckus and ridiculed the process of a no-confidence motion," he added.
The Rajya Sabha yesterday saw a unique protest by opposition parties with members continuing to be in their seats for over 30 minutes after Chairman M Venkaiah Naidu had called it a day and left the House.
The Lok Sabha, too, failed to take up notices for a no-confidence motion against the government after Speaker Sumitra Mahajan said the House was not in order and adjourned proceedings amid noisy protests over various issues.
In a novel way to convey they had the numbers to initiate a no-confidence motion, members of the Congress, the Left and some other parties displayed blue-coloured placards, each with a circled number -- from 1 to 80 -- along with the words 'For no-confidence'.
At least 50 members are needed to support a no-confidence notice for the House to accept it and start a debate.
Ananth Kumar
Modi Government


One evening I stood in a tavern among a group of well-traveled golf writers, talking shop. An avid golfer who had joined the conversation floated a query: After all the years and all the trips, which course is your favorite? He seemed puzzled by the answers, likely because "favorite" wasn't taken to be synonymous with "famous" or "award-winning." Instead we each named a very fine course we had developed a fondness for, where we'd met great people and enjoyed experiences we wouldn't ever forget.
Golfers who aren't fixated on rankings and ratings can develop an instinct for golf destinations that will suit their fancy. There's nothing wrong with prestige and awards—you just don't want to be a slave to them. What works best is when you have a hunch you're going to love a certain golf experience, then you set off and discover your intuition was spot-on.
This collection of a half-dozen courses along the Eastern Seaboard—each worthy of a chartered golf getaway with Tradewind Aviation—does contain greatness. Yet it's mainly a sixth-sense kind of list, blending elements of architecture, setting, scenery, and some kind of spirit that holds it all together.
Cabot Cliffs, Inverness, Nova Scotia, Canada: We're not breaking the intuition rule by including Cabot Cliffs, despite all the acclaim it's received since coming online two years ago. That's because the Canadian Maritimes are physically remote and their character is unassuming—you have to feel drawn there. Of course, having a chartered private jet fixes the remote part, delivering you to a jaw-dropping golf landscape overlaid with the strategic subtleties its designers, Bill Coore and Ben Crenshaw, specialize in. They built one hole—the cliff-to-cliff par-3 No. 16—that no golfer has ever played without first photographing it. If you take this trip there is one place to stay, the Cabot Links Lodge—well-designed, comfortable, and just right for its time and place. Time your Nova Scotia getaway for midsummer and you can see classic MGs, Austin Healys, and Triumph TR6s, plus vintage motorcycles, at the Eighth Annual British Motoring Festival, July 14-16.
Shepherd's Rock, Nemacolin Woodlands Resort, Farmington, PA: You can be sure your sixth sense for sublime golf travel is working when you lock on to a course that isn't even open yet. Beginning July 12, golf pilgrims can immerse themselves in the pure Pete Dye-ness of Shepherd's Rock, the newest addition to this luxurious resort on 2,000 acres southeast of Pittsburgh. Modern earth-moving equipment can create landscape perfection; Dye understood this wasn't desirable and spent a career making sure to exploit the quirks and peculiarities of natural terrain. There's beauty throughout his courses, but never an overt glamour. Dye has a second course at Nemacolin, and the outdoor activities here are endless. For indoor enthusiasts, there's a casino and multiple spas, plus a fine array of dining options.
Stowe Mountain Club, Stowe Resort, Stowe, VT: There's nothing prettier than your own golf shot suspended in the air against a mountain vista on a long, downhill hole. This high-country course in the shadow of Mount Mansfield gives you several of those moments, most notably on the plunging par-3 16th. It took a design genius like Bob Cupp—he was a book illustrator and a master cabinet-maker, as well as a course architect—to wrangle this sloping, chasm-laced topography into 18 wonderfully playable holes. Lodge guests also have privileges at Stowe Country Club, built on more level ground but with wonderful views nonetheless. A summer highlight for locals and visitors is the Stoweflake Hot Air Balloon Festival, July 7-9; it's a chance to see something almost as pretty as your golf shot, pinned against the ridgelines and peaks.
Note: Tradewind's Ultimate Golf package can accommodate your entire trip to Stowe, thanks to a new partnership with Stowe Mountain Club. As part of a two-day getaway aboard an eight-person private charter, enjoy unlimited golf access to both Stowe Mountain Club and Stowe Country Club, luxury accommodations at Stowe Mountain Lodge with views of Mount Mansfield, group lunch at The Cottage at Stowe Mountain Club, curated gift bags, and four-packs of Lawson's Sip of Sunshine local craft beer. For more information or to reserve, please contact kmohr@destinationhotels.com or 802-760-4703.
Full Cry, Keswick Hall, Charlottesville, VA: The classic manor-style building on high ground with a green expanse of fairways spreading out below—there's no combination of those two elements more pleasing than what you'll find at this stylish resort in fox-and-hounds country outside the university town of Charlottesville. Full Cry (that's hunt-club vernacular) is an original name for a golf course, and this layout is loaded with originality and character—again courtesy of Pete Dye. Inside the beautifully restored Italianate hostelry, Keswick Hall, are just 48 guest rooms, each individually decorated. The place was in shambles until Sir Bernard Ashley, widower of design queen Laura Ashley, arrived bearing capital and good taste in 1995. Present ownership has taken it far beyond what even his lordship had achieved.
The Omni Grove Park Inn, Asheville, NC: Artsy and outdoorsy, but still with traditional Southern graces, Asheville belongs on any summertime pleasure tour. Guests at the Grove Park Inn return each year for the golf, great dining, and country hospitality. Donald Ross, a Johnny Appleseed of superior course-building, laid out the beloved Omni Grove Park Inn links in 1926, when shovels and mules were all you had to sculpt with—natural, unforced contours are the result. And while the craft beer movement and its bespoke breweries have sprouted all across the country, few cities can compete with Asheville, a suds mecca with more breweries per capita than anywhere else in the U.S. There is no end of ways to explore its malty wonders, including a half-day bus tour with many a tasting stop. Cheers.
Atlantic Dunes, The Sea Pines Resort, Hilton Head, SC: The concept of the resort golf community originated with Sea Pines, which retains a vague '60s-era imprint even as it continually updates and renovates itself. One of the courses was recently plowed under to make way for Atlantic Dunes, which opened last year and brought yet another round of acclaim to the course design group of Davis Love III (who as a player won the PGA Tour event at Sea Pines five times). Atlantic Dunes is visually sleek and stylish, with large greens, new and restored sand dunes, and little touches like crushed coquina shells and waving seaside grasses to frame the holes. For all the dozens of trips I've made to this resort, I've not yet had a chance to experience Atlantic Dunes. And yet I know instinctively that I would have a great time playing it.


Blending of tulips in a Ny garden. Nothing say Spring more so than Tulips in bloom. I try to plant them between late blooming perennial groupings.
Landscape design and construction services in the NJ and NY areas.


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text:
Shep's fans from all over
147 Guests Found
Return to main Guest Book Page
Marty Jorgensen
, California Joined: December 19, 2005
Shep fan since: 1970
Discovered Shep: Saw his TV show
Guest No: 1568
I was first exposed to Jean in a PBS show from the '70's called The Great American Dream Machine, with Marshall Efron - Jean would do antidotes about living in America and the Midwest - he really hit a chord with me, and I've been a fan ever since.
Joanne K. Curry
, California Joined: September 24, 2006
Discovered Shep: Saw One of His Movies
I never tire of Jean's stories, especially 'A Christmas Story.' The 'feel' of the movie brings back many fond memories of my own childhood growing up in Chicago. I teach at a small private prep school and have made 'A Christmas Story' a holiday tradition for the middle schoolers to watch at our December 'Movie Night.' Kids of all ethnicities and religions arrive in their P.J.'s, pillows in hand...we eat popcorn and drink hot chocolate while enjoying the movie. This is an event that all students look forward to each year and can't wait to attend. Thanks Shep!
Steve Hotvedt
Alameda, California Joined: May 04, 2001
Discovered Shep:
Guest No: 555
Dick Applebaum
Antioch, California Joined: January 25, 2004
Great work! I never heard of any of the old radio shows -- it is wonderful to be able to hear them now. What a story teller! My late wife and I really enjoyed the America series... whether he was: extolling the virtues of "Beer"; sitting a swamp boat talkin' 'bout Pogo and Churchy Le Femme: recalling when he and his friends went down to the train yard to help unload a Sears Mail-Order house; his Dad's old Buick/Chevy/Oldsmobile and the"Rheostats" in his Mother's hair; "Whose face is on the $1,000 bill... you probably have one in your wallet..take it out now." ... so many priceless hours of enjoyment. We recorded many of these on the VCR, but unfortunately the tapes are lost. Is there anywhere that these shows are available for purchase? Or, are the shows scheduled to air again, anywhere? I (and I think many others) would like to enjoy these again. Thanks in Advance! Dick Applebaum P.S. Did the theme song of America have a name and/or who was the artist.
VJ Jose
Apple Valley, California Joined: December 25, 2003
Discovered Shep: On the Radio
My first wife and I used to listen to Shep in the mid 50s when we were students. Why can't I find his books and short stories in amazon.com? Where can I buy his short stories published in Playboy?
art coplin
arroyo grande, California Joined: October 19, 2003
Barry Yancosek
Arroyo Grande, California Joined: November 29, 2004
I was doing a search of my great grandmothers maiden name Zudock. The Zudock character is my great grandmothers brother.
Peter Kranzler
Belmont, California Joined: January 20, 2003
What a great site!
Ed Cronin
Benicia, California Joined: December 23, 2005
I now enjoy ham radio KG6Oqk
Rich S.
Berkeley, California Joined: July 25, 2003
I just,with painful nostalgia,read aloud Ole Wortermelon Time, by the Hoosier Poet, James Whitcomb Riley and fondly remember Shep reading it. I read a story in the New Yorker today by David Sedaris,whom I like and think is really pretty funny, and I said to myself this guy tells a story about as good as Jean Shepard did (and JS did it hundreds of stories a year for decades-astounding). I've also found great success over the years leading "I'm the Sheik of Arabie (without no pants on) " around whatever campfire I find myself at.
John Reichel
Berkeley, California Joined: October 28, 2003
Discovered Shep: Read his Playboy short stories
I used to always hear about Jean Shepherd from my dad, who heard him in Ohio in the late Forties, I believe. Tracking down Jean Shepherd tapes, CDs, and memorabilia has been useful when it comes to gift-giving time. What great stories! I always thought they were 100% true :)
Paul Luersen
Berkeley, California Joined: March 26, 2004
brings back memories of my college days, Shep was a true late night friend!
ronald Oremland
brisbane, California Joined: June 15, 2006
Wonderful site!!! Thanks so much. Shep was truly an avuncular figure for many of us. His narratives instilled the feeling in me that life was often interesting, funny, and downright adventurous if you can manage to see things with open eyes and harbor a sense of humor. Listening to just one of his old shows brings back memories of some 40 years ago. I was a college student home during the summer and working as a lifeguard at Brighton Beach in Brooklyn. After getting home from the late shift, eating dinner, I would typically go to bed and turn on WOR. I would often fade off in the middle of his monologue, but managed to come back to his endings. I even remember him doing one show where he only played his kazoo for 45 minutes........I think he was getting back at management that night, but what the hay. It was true Shep. I once caught a show of his at the Limelight. He was in the middle of his monologue and tried to pull a transition that didn't quite work. He started saying something like.."they're all after me...get away, get away" while waving his hands. The audience didn't quite get the connection, so it fell entirely silent and Shep paused. Breaking the ice, I let out a very feeble, high pitched "Banzi." The audience laughed, and then came Shep's retort from the stage: "There is nothing worse than hearing someone cry banzai with a Fordham Road accent!!!!" The audience roared! I knew I would only get in deeper if I replied that I was from Brooklyn. Some time later, I atually got to meet Shep and Leigh. They came down to Univ. Miami in early 1969 I believe , while I was just starting grad school in oceanography, and before I got called up for military service in the navy. He gave a great show as usual, but he was a bit on thin on any NYC fans that down south. I did chat with Leigh, and it was real obvious se adored Shep very much. He was a lucky guy in that respect.
Burbank, California Joined: March 16, 2000
Guest No: 62
Neil Mazur
Burbank CA (formerly Spring Valley, NY), California Joined: March 07, 2000
Calistoga, California Joined: December 28, 2005
Actually, I found Shep in the pages of Car & Driver, not Playboy
Jack Carone
Canoga Park, California Joined: December 14, 2004
Every reminiscence of Shep I read tonight includes a transistor radio under the pillow---exactly my m.o., with the covers pulled up over my head--what a time!
Laura Peduto
Capitola, California Joined: July 26, 2004
So wonderful to find the site dedicated to Jean Shepherd. I used to listen to him 10:45 each weeknight on WOR in Brooklyn NY during my college years and "welcome to the real world" years throughout the 60's. In 1969 or 1970 I introduced my husband Ralph to Jean at a Booksigning which I believe was at Marboro books on Times Square. I know that Jean single handedly inspired Ralph toward his radio dj years and onto being a comedic writer himself. I know I have some tapes of Jean's shows because I couldn't bear the weekends without his stories. I even entered one of his contests. You had to get the word Cinzano (one of his sponsors) on a postcard as many times as possible. Mine were handwritten in the teeniest tinyest print I could create with our new ball point pens. I WON! I received a tiangular shaped Cinzano ashtray wrapped in all sorts of stuffing. I have it to this day (35 years later) in the bottom of my lingere drawer. I was thrilled when the Christmas Story came out to entertain the next generation. Our children love it so much that they created the famous "leg lamp" for me for a surprise Christmas gift in 1988. We enjoy it to this day. It's like having a piece of Jean with us. He became to our family like a great uncle who sent letters from his world travels. Each one of his books and stories and movies we were sure were written especially for US. Now we are reading them to our grandchildren! We love him and miss him. Great memories from a great man. In today's world I can't help but continue to be inspired by Jean and think : WWJD (What would Jean Do)!
jean holloway
carlsbad, California Joined: September 11, 2004
At the Overseas Press Conference Q&A,I kissed him.Excelsior!
Kenneth Ade Ebi
Carmichael, California Joined: August 17, 2000
Cathedral City, California Joined: March 16, 2003
Great site! Brings back many pleasant memories.
Ed Wick
CedarpinesPark, California Joined: June 09, 2003
In the mid 60's I got a small transister radio from the Sinclair gas station which was shaped like a gas pump. I would listen to it at night before falling asleep. This is how I first discovered that voice which had me glued to Shep's show from then on. Listening every night under my covers, my mom would still hear me laughing and I'd be in big trouble!
Dan Mosiello
Cerritos, California Joined: March 11, 2003
Your site brings back so many happy memories of the many nights I lay awake listening to shep as a young teen in New York. Thoughts of Fred Frecklebottom and Herman J. Fignewton still dance in my head.
Marc Edson
Chico, California Joined: October 25, 2004
richard fogel
chino, California Joined: March 24, 2009
used to listen with my dad. i am buying his books for my dads birthday april 15th.


This guide for newcomers from ALIS contains information about adapting to life in Alberta.
Opportunity Alberta is the Alberta government's website for newcomers and is an information hub about living and working in the province.
The FRFP website contains helpful information about services based in Calgary.
Caring for Kids New to Canada helps health professionals provide quality care to immigrant and refugee children, youth and families.
A PDF for supporting immigrant and refugee families.
AMSSA is a BC based association that supports those serving newcomers. This page is a listing of resources for Newcomer Families (National).
CMAS is Canada's leading organization that focuses on caring for immigrant and refugee children. Their parenting page contains useful info for parents, and they also have plenty of helpful information for Canadian service providers.
The Child Welfare Information Gateway is not Canada specific, but has helpful resources and research for supporting newcomer families.


Create the knowledge that will shape the future of business. Wharton's world-leading faculty serve will train you in the practices of rigorous research and provide support, insight, and inspiration throughout your doctoral experience.
The Wharton Doctoral Programs admits students for full-time study only beginning in the fall semester each year. Your online application and all supporting materials (letters of recommendation, grade transcripts, and either GMAT or GRE scores) must be received by the deadline. See Applying to Wharton.
All Wharton doctoral students receive a full fellowship that covers tuition expenses and includes a living stipend. See Expenses & Financial Aid.
In addition, many of the Wharton Doctoral Programs require a preliminary research paper. See Degree Requirements.