As a child, I watched my mother occasionally savour these exotic and expensive fruit. When she shared her delight and passed me a fragment to taste, I just couldn't understand the passion. How she could like the pinky flesh, the seeds, the thick skin?
Years later, wanting to impress, I picked a fig and gently took a bite. It was both surprising and sensuous. I fell instantly in love with the fruit. Suddenly I realised that it is the disparate combination of deep purple skin, blushing flesh, texture and sweet juice that makes a fig so delicious. A fig cries out to be relished.
Ever since I read about Richard Leaders' calves liver with figs I have wanted to try the combination of fresh figs and meat. The combination was so memorable that I have held it in the back of my mind for 4 months until fresh figs were available locally. On Saturday evening figs were half price so a box was tossed into my trolley and the menu changed.
Saturday night has to be a special meal. Generally it's my task as D cooks on Friday and Sunday. This is the one night when I have time to experiment. Over the years we have chomped our way through some great disasters. D, being hungry, always eats his. I tend to give up very quickly if eating requires any effort at all.
Saturday night's meal was good. I had bought some chubby lamb cutlets from Fred. The fresh fig sauce was excellent but the real surprise was the fresh fig garnish. The thin slices of succulent fig looked and tasted wonderful with the lamb cutlets. So good that I sprang from the table and sliced another fig. In fact, I would not bother to make the sauce next time and just slice a fig per person to go with the meat.
Dice the bacon and fry gently until crisp. Set aside the bacon on some kitchen roll to draw off the fat.
Meanwhile slice 3 figs finely. Toss them in a saucepan and add a small glass of white wine. Bring to the boil and simmer until soft. About twenty minutes. Blend using a hand blender and add a tsp of honey. Keep in a warm place.
If you like your chops pink don't start cooking them until the sauce is well underway. Warm through the bacon fat and add a little olive oil if necessary. Add the thyme sprigs and when the pan is very hot pop in the lamb cutlets. Allow 5 minutes for each side and check, if they are too pink pop a lid on the frying pan and reduce the heat. Check them every two minutes until they are cooked to your liking.
When the chops are ready and rested pour over the sauce and serve with a garnish of thinly sliced figs and a tablespoon of crispy bacon pieces.
I served this with creamed potatoes and fresh runner beans from the garden.
I'd forgotten this recipe so thanks for the nudge!
We have a Brown Turkey fig trained against the garage wall in a very narrow south-facing border which is bone dry. Each year we get an enormous crop, so do persevere. How it survives, let alone fruiting as it does, I'll never know.
We are overloaded with figs this year (have picked 40 or so already) and are looking for things to do with them. There's only so much goats cheese and parma ham (eek!) you can afford in one season!
Have bottled two small jars in rum syrup (7 figs in each jar) to open at Christmas, and will now be trying your recipe. It sounds great.
We do have a fig tree but it has outgrown its hlf barrel and rarely produces a fig. Danny has suddenly discovered that he likes figs so we are going to move it into the pond border in early October where I think it will be happier.
Thanks for the tip on propagating a fig tree. I am going to try this with mine.
The combination of lamb and figs was great. Danny tried a fig with a beef burger last night and it didn't work at all!
Our sad old tree is a Brown Turkey. The pond border has restricted space so would be a great new home for it.
Home grown figs are so delicious! Do try to grow one Fiona – Brown Turkey's the one to get, and make sure you restrict it's root growth. There's nothing like the sense of anticipation – will the frost get them? will they ripen? will the blackbirds peck them? It makes the succulent fruit that makes it to the plate that much more special!
I row my own figs and been eating them since July. Only live a few miles South of you in NW Kent.
If you know someone with a fig tree take some cuttings and put in a large old plastic milk bottle full of water. Keep topping up with water and they will root.
Brown turkey figs are easier with a 90% rate of rooting.
Fiona, you need a fig tree for your lovely garden. We were given a little tree a few years ago and it is really happy now and giving us some lovely little gems!! We have had two this year. And the little tree has at least half a dozen on it now.


Comfortable and fashionable, our moon cut bead chain gives a contemporary look! It is masterly produced from 925 sterling silver, and covered with rose gold plating that helps prevent tarnishing and gives a bright color. The necklace measures 2 mm in width, 18-36 inches in length; and also secures with a safe lobster claw clasp. This bright army moon cut chain can be worn anytime, anywhere!


What You Should Ask a Prospective Real Estate Agent?
If you are planning to sell your home or buy a home - or both - please call me for an introductory interview. During the interview we can discuss the following questions which are recommended by the National Association of REALTORS®. At the same time, we can review your home's value.
Are you a licensed real estate broker or salesperson?
Are you a member of the National Association of REALTORS®?
How long have you actively worked in this area or neighborhood?
How many homes have you closed in the past three months?
Do you work full-time selling homes?
How many agents work out of your company?
Does your company participate in a multiple listing service?
Does your company have a relocation service or work regularly with out-of-town clients?
What are the names of three references whose homes you've recently sold?
How actively will you work to sell my home?
What kind of marketing plan will you employ?
How often can I expect to get a progress report?


text:
namespace blink {

// Represents a rule which is used in <script type=webbundle>.
// Explainer:
// https://github.com/WICG/webpackage/blob/main/explainers/subresource-loading.md
class CORE_EXPORT ScriptWebBundleRule final {
 public:
  static absl::variant<ScriptWebBundleRule, ScriptWebBundleError> ParseJson(
      const String& inline_text,
      const KURL& base_url,
      ConsoleLogger* logger);

  ScriptWebBundleRule(const KURL& source_url,
                      network::mojom::CredentialsMode credentialsl_mode,
                      HashSet<KURL> scope_urls,
                      HashSet<KURL> resource_urls);

  bool ResourcesOrScopesMatch(const KURL& url) const;
  const KURL& source_url() const { return source_url_; }
  const HashSet<KURL>& scope_urls() const { return scope_urls_; }
  const HashSet<KURL>& resource_urls() const { return resource_urls_; }
  network::mojom::CredentialsMode credentials_mode() const {
    return credentials_mode_;
  }

 private:
  KURL source_url_;
  network::mojom::CredentialsMode credentials_mode_;
  HashSet<KURL> scope_urls_;
  HashSet<KURL> resource_urls_;
};

}  // namespace blink

#endif  // THIRD_PARTY_BLINK_RENDERER_CORE_LOADER_WEB_BUNDLE_SCRIPT_WEB_BUNDLE_RULE_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Mcafee Casino Services
ตัวช่วยเล่นเกมพนันที่ดีที่สุด 2022
The Most Effective Method To Play Solitaire Bit By Bit
As per Microsoft information, solitaire has turned into the most played PC game ever. In any case, past tomfoolery and diversion, bringing in cash with it is likewise conceivable. As its name demonstrates, this methodology's fundamental trademark is the way that it very well may be played exclusively, since it doesn't include the support of others. Be that as it may, there are numerous ways
instructions to play solitaire
To play solitaire, you can utilize various types of decks, both the Spanish deck and the poker deck, albeit the last option is the most well-known.
The principal objective of the game is to figure out how to arrange the cards as per the suit or their numbering in rising request . Prior to beginning, the cards should be organized in seven sections and the rest are set in the upper corner face down.
The primary card is set face up and the other six in the left hand face down. Then in the subsequent section, one card is put face up and the other five cards face down. Etc until only one card is set face up in the seventh section.
You need to arrange the cards from the lord to the ace substituting the varieties red and dark in the segments. The seen cards are requested first and when there are no more choices, the cards from the deck will be taken until the aces are accessible.
Each opportunity an expert comes up, it is moved to another section, until there are 4.
The goal is to placed the cards all together on top of the aces until every one of the suits are finished. In the event that you get it, you win. The cards are moved from the game segments to the sections of aces. It is tied in with revealing every one of the cards to finish the game.
Stunts to win solitaire
Continuously track down the best move: think about every one of the conceivable outcomes. Try not to be in a rush: you don't necessarily in all cases need to move the primary card that appears to be valuable. There will continuously be a superior move.
Whenever you get the opportunity to deliver a recently uncovered card, consistently utilize this card. Utilize the cards from the longest section at whatever point you can. Before you add a card to the stack, ensure it will not keep you from advancing through the game. Continuously keep an unfilled document so you can without much of a stretch move a ruler.
Published October 2, 2022 By สิริ
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How do digital forms of money function? Everything about the advanced cash
How Does Quantum artificial intelligence Crypto Function

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It sounds strange, I know. But, I don't feel sick! I don't even think I look sick (possible denial on my part). Whether you're in a season of wellness or illness, it's possible to feel amazing! God guides me and has proven it to me.
It's true what they say: You are what you eat. When you eat healthy foods, you give your body what it needs to function properly. Eating healthfully gives your body strength…you have energy…your hair shines…your skin glows. What could be better than that?
Eat fresh fruit and veggies (mostly veggies) every day. If organic food sources are available, even better. Include protein at every meal and snack time (remember plant-based proteins). Protein is a hormone stabilizer! (I never realized how much of my problems were hormonal until I started getting regular protein.) I now consider junk foods to be poisonous and healthy foods to be medicinal. Adding high-quality supplements for further support is also good.
If you have an autoimmune condition, it is beneficial for full health to eat grass-fed beef, organic chickens (and their eggs), and wild caught salmon. These are available at Kroger, along with organic fruits and veggies. Walmart Super Center has a few organic items now, too. Check Walmart's freezer section for frozen organic fruit and vegetables. (Frozen organic fruit is something Kroger doesn't always carry.) If you have a hunter friend, ask them for some deer meat. It is awesome for your health.
Spend time with the Lord every day. Meditation is all the rage these days. Everyone is talking about it. But, when meditation is Godless, what's the point? As Christians, our power source is God, and He is our counselor, comforter, focus, and guide. I choose to meditate on Him and His goodness. How about you?
In addition to meditation, reading scripture and time in prayer are refreshing as you renew your mind and soul. Greet each day with praise. (Get the Praise Challenge download and get started.) Talk about transforming your mind, soul, attitude, and life!
God has a sense of humor that cracks me up, but I also try to regularly call friends and family for the purpose of laughter. What friends or relatives can you depend upon for laughter? Call them! We all need a gut-splitting laugh regularly – every day is most optimal. Although, you might not want to pester the same fun person every day. Spread the love by calling several different happy people throughout the week.
Include some exercise. Take a daily walk. It's good for the body and the soul. If you can't walk easily (like me), Classical Stretch by Miranda Esmonde-White is a wonderful workout. These videos are very helpful for muscle toning, balance, strengthening, and generally working every muscle group in your body – at your own pace and in the comfort of your own home. These videos (on Amazon*) for beginners are great for getting started without over-doing things.
Start small with the first DVD if you'd like to try it out first. But, I highly recommend the boxed set so you have plenty of workouts at your disposal for a very long time. These aren't really workouts, though, not in the usual sense. The term workout brings cardio power sessions to mind. Classical Stretch leads you through calm movements while enjoying serene music and beautiful scenery during targeted strengthening and toning.
Miranda Esmonde-White warns you to stop if a movement is painful. She's careful to keep you from injury while moving every muscle group in the body. Each workout lasts about twenty minutes.
Well, that pretty much wraps it up. These three main tips are that simple – ha! (Not really simple when you change your entire way of eating. There's a learning curve, and at first you may feel like you'll never get it all "figured out".) If you stick with it, you will learn and begin to see terrific changes!
*Affiliate links – see disclosure here.
Sooo glad you are doing well!!
Enjoyed your interesting post . God bless!


text:
22 Oct SilverBirch Executive Chefs Cook Off Against Culinary Rivals In Bid for Gold at National Championship
Vancouver, BC, October 22, 2015 –Radisson Hotel Saskatoon's Executive Chef Scott Torgerson and DoubleTree by Hilton™ Hotel and Conference Centre Regina's Executive Chef Geoffrey Caswell-Murphy will each compete in their city's highly anticipated Gold Medal Plates. Executive Chefs Torgerson and Caswell-Murphy will each face-off against the best chefs in the region for a chance to compete in the national championship in February 2016.
"We believe our chefs are amongst the top in the country," says Steve Giblin, President & CEO of SilverBirch Hotels & Resorts. "These invitations are an incredible honour and serve as validation for the creativity and culinary expertise they put into their work each and every day."
Gold Medal Plates is a national competition held in 13 Canadian cities. Chefs create their ultimate dish, and pair it with a premier Canadian wine, beer or spirit. Winners are determined by a team of food and wine critics from each region and a panel of national critics.
"Participating in the Gold Medal Awards is an honour and we are extremely proud of the accomplishments of both Chef Caswell-Murphy and Torgerson," says Giblin. "Their dedication to cuisine reflects SilverBirch's high standards in offering top-notch food and beverage services to our guests."
Caswell-Murphy, Executive Chef for DoubleTree by Hilton™ Hotel and Conference Centre Regina will square off against eight competing chefs on Friday, October 23. Torgerson, Executive Chef for Radisson Hotel Saskatoon, will take on his six challengers next month on Friday, November 20.
Both chefs are waiting to reveal their new dishes at the competition. Each hotel plans to feature the winning dishes on their winter menus. To learn more about the competition or purchase tickets visit www.goldmedalplates.com
About SilverBirch Hotels & Resorts
SilverBirch Hotels & Resorts is one of Canada's leading hotel operations and asset management companies and manages a large portfolio of full-service, focused service and extended stay hotels across Canada. The company manages hotels operating under major franchise brands, such as Marriott, Hilton and Radisson. www.silverbirchhotels.com
smorton@silverbirchhotels.com
Awards, Culinary Arts, DoubleTree, Performance, Radisson


Just as the seasons inspire traditional Japanese confectionery, the Western-style shops are inspired as well. Especially during Christmas season!
Working Holiday Connection is collaborating with a café in Harajuku to raise money for people who want to make a change abroad. Only available from Dec. 16th, 2016 – Dec. 25th, 2016. Be quick to grab these adorable snowglobes as the café only has 60 seats. The main components are pistacchio and raspberry mousse, champagne jelly and cake pieces. Truly a Christmas delight!
Well-known bakery chain "Ginza Cozy Corner" launched a competition to design your Christmas Dream Cake, and this is the grand prize winner! Chosen from 17,663 participants, 5-year old Manami Hirano's design won the honor of being realised in cake form. Her "Christmas Rainbow Cake" can only be pre-ordered and there is a limited quantity of 200 cakes. Each cake serves about 6-7 portions.
If you're not into the classic Christmas Cake, here are some Christmas doughnuts! Floresta is known for its animal doughnuts that now received a Christmas twist. Besides the cute designs, there are also walnut and rum doughnuts for a limited time during Christmas. Your friends will be surprised when you bring this tasty alternative to a Christmas party. Floresta uses all-natural ingredients from Hokkaido such as flour and soymilk.
Since its opening last year the Kawaii Monster Cafe in Harajuku has been charming diners with colorful dishes and crazy concoctions. Ingredients of this parfait are green tea mousse, cheese mousee and vanilla ice cream. This Christmas tree and snowman are made from cake and more ice cream.
Cute little strawberry Santas on top of fruit-filled layers. No sugary whipped cream is used so you can savor all the natural flavors.


text:
Martha Roby, U.S. Representative from Alabama
U.S. Rep. Martha Roby is currently in her fourth term serving the people of Alabama's 2nd Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives. Prior to being elected to Congress, Rep. Roby worked as an attorney and served as a city councilman in her hometown of Montgomery, Alabama.
In the U.S. House of Representatives, Rep. Roby has been a forceful advocate for cutting wasteful spending and eliminating bureaucratic red tape that burdens American families and businesses. Rep. Roby is a member of the House Committee on Appropriations, which has oversight on the whole range of government spending. Rep. Roby also serves on the Defense Subcommittee, the Labor, Education, Health and Human Services Subcommittee, and the Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice and Science. She is the first Representative from the 2nd District to serve on the key congressional committee.
Rep. Roby also serves on the House Judiciary Committee.
In Congress, Rep. Roby has distinguished herself as an effective legislator and messenger for the conservative cause. She exposed abuses in the scandal-ridden Veterans Affairs health system and has worked tirelessly to improve care for veterans, both locally and nationally. A fierce advocate for the military, Rep. Roby is leading efforts to stop devastating cuts that threaten military readiness.
Roby obtained a bachelor of music degree from New York University in 1998 and her law degree from Cumberland School of Law at Samford University in 2001. She is married to Riley Roby and they have two children, Margaret and George. The Robys are members of Trinity Presbyterian Church, where they were married, their children were baptized and where they are involved in various ministries.
For more information on Rep. Martha Roby, please visit https://roby.house.gov.
201 Mass. Avenue, NE, Suite C-7, Washington, DC 20002


The IAGG 2017 World Congress offered an unprecedented one-day Technology and Aging Track that brought together leading companies, gerontologists, and entrepreneurs engaged in developing technology solutions for older adults. Technology has the potential to improve the lives of a growing proportion of today's aging population by helping them maintain independence and increase control of their environments.
The focus of the pitch competition was to bring the worlds of academia and tech startups closer together. Selected entrepreneurs were given the opportunity to present a compelling five-minute pitch about their investment-ready company to a panel of expert judges. The pitch competition was hosted by AGE-WELL NCE and Aging 2.0, in partnership with the IAGG 2017 World Congress.
"Startup Alley"- an innovative, immersive exhibit hall in which attendees can experience technological innovation first hand.


text:
Q: What is the specific validation error when validationError=true in an openFaces component I'm using openFaces' dateChooser and I set a pattern.
If I put in it a wrong value (like: 33/33/33) and try to submit the validationError is set to true because of the wrong format but I don't know how to get the specific error message or component that caused the validation error.
Here is a part of my code:
<o:dateChooser
    id="DateColBtnGeneralView"
    pattern="#{configurationController.defaultDateFormat}"
    value="#{homeController.firstDate}">
    <f:convertDateTime pattern="#{configurationController.defaultDateFormat}"/>
</o:dateChooser>

<o:commandButton
    action="#{homeController.submitDates}"
    onsuccess="contractClientDialogValidation(event)
    value="Submit" />

function contractClientDialogValidation (event) {
    if (event.validationError) {
        alert("I want to show you the right error message according to the wrong value and component");
    }
}

The validationError is set to true in case a required component is left empty or in case of an incorrect date format  or in case an input number is too long or etc.

A: The validation errors are primarily related to the UpdateModelValues and InvokeApplication phases within the JSF lifecycle.
Inside your <h:form/> element you can choose to have a <h:messages id="errorMessages"/> tag.
When the ajax request/response lifecycle is complete, render the <h:messages/> tag.
See point 3 of this link

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package com.mxgraph.analysis;

import com.mxgraph.costfunction.mxDoubleValCostFunction;
import com.mxgraph.model.mxIGraphModel;
import com.mxgraph.view.mxGraph;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Implements a collection of utility methods abstracting the graph structure
 * taking into account graph properties such as visible/non-visible traversal
 */
public class mxAnalysisGraph {
  // contains various filters, like visibility and direction
  protected Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<String, Object>();

  // contains various data that is used for graph generation and analysis
  protected mxGraphGenerator generator;

  protected mxGraph graph;

  /**
   * Returns the incoming and/or outgoing edges for the given cell.
   * If the optional parent argument is specified, then only edges are returned
   * where the opposite is in the given parent cell.
   *
   * @param cell         Cell whose edges should be returned.
   * @param parent       Optional parent. If specified the opposite end of any edge
   *                     must be a child of that parent in order for the edge to be returned. The
   *                     recurse parameter specifies whether or not it must be the direct child
   *                     or the parent just be an ancestral parent.
   * @param incoming     Specifies if incoming edges should be included in the
   *                     result.
   * @param outgoing     Specifies if outgoing edges should be included in the
   *                     result.
   * @param includeLoops Specifies if loops should be included in the result.
   * @param recurse      Specifies if the parent specified only need be an ancestral
   *                     parent, true, or the direct parent, false
   * @return Returns the edges connected to the given cell.
   */
  public Object[] getEdges(Object cell, Object parent, boolean incoming, boolean outgoing, boolean includeLoops, boolean recurse) {
    if (!mxGraphProperties.isTraverseVisible(properties, mxGraphProperties.DEFAULT_TRAVERSE_VISIBLE)) {
      return graph.getEdges(cell, parent, incoming, outgoing, includeLoops, recurse);
    }
    else {
      Object[] edges = graph.getEdges(cell, parent, incoming, outgoing, includeLoops, recurse);
      List<Object> result = new ArrayList<Object>(edges.length);

      mxIGraphModel model = graph.getModel();

      for (int i = 0; i < edges.length; i++) {
        Object source = model.getTerminal(edges[i], true);
        Object target = model.getTerminal(edges[i], false);

        if (((includeLoops && source == target) ||
             ((source != target) && ((incoming && target == cell) || (outgoing && source == cell)))) && model.isVisible(edges[i])) {
          result.add(edges[i]);
        }
      }

      return result.toArray();
    }
  }

  ;

  /**
   * Returns the incoming and/or outgoing edges for the given cell.
   * If the optional parent argument is specified, then only edges are returned
   * where the opposite is in the given parent cell.
   *
   * @param cell         Cell whose edges should be returned.
   * @param parent       Optional parent. If specified the opposite end of any edge
   *                     must be a child of that parent in order for the edge to be returned. The
   *                     recurse parameter specifies whether or not it must be the direct child
   *                     or the parent just be an ancestral parent.
   * @param includeLoops Specifies if loops should be included in the result.
   * @param recurse      Specifies if the parent specified only need be an ancestral
   *                     parent, true, or the direct parent, false
   * @return Returns the edges connected to the given cell.
   */
  public Object[] getEdges(Object cell, Object parent, boolean includeLoops, boolean recurse) {
    if (mxGraphProperties.isDirected(properties, mxGraphProperties.DEFAULT_DIRECTED)) {
      return getEdges(cell, parent, false, true, includeLoops, recurse);
    }
    else {
      return getEdges(cell, parent, true, true, includeLoops, recurse);
    }
  }

  ;

  /**
   * @param parent
   * @return all vertices of the given parent
   */
  public Object[] getChildVertices(Object parent) {
    return graph.getChildVertices(parent);
  }

  ;

  /**
   * @param parent
   * @return all edges of the given parent
   */
  public Object[] getChildEdges(Object parent) {
    return graph.getChildEdges(parent);
  }

  ;

  /**
   * @param edge
   * @param isSource
   * @return
   */
  public Object getTerminal(Object edge, boolean isSource) {
    return graph.getModel().getTerminal(edge, isSource);
  }

  ;

  public Object[] getChildCells(Object parent, boolean vertices, boolean edges) {
    return graph.getChildCells(parent, vertices, edges);
  }

  /**
   * Returns all distinct opposite cells for the specified terminal
   * on the given edges.
   *
   * @param edges    Edges whose opposite terminals should be returned.
   * @param terminal Terminal that specifies the end whose opposite should be
   *                 returned.
   * @param sources  Specifies if source terminals should be included in the
   *                 result.
   * @param targets  Specifies if target terminals should be included in the
   *                 result.
   * @return Returns the cells at the opposite ends of the given edges.
   */
  public Object[] getOpposites(Object[] edges, Object terminal, boolean sources, boolean targets) {
    // TODO needs non-visible graph version

    return graph.getOpposites(edges, terminal, sources, targets);
  }

  ;

  /**
   * Returns all distinct opposite cells for the specified terminal
   * on the given edges.
   *
   * @param edges    Edges whose opposite terminals should be returned.
   * @param terminal Terminal that specifies the end whose opposite should be
   *                 returned.
   * @return Returns the cells at the opposite ends of the given edges.
   */
  public Object[] getOpposites(Object[] edges, Object terminal) {
    if (mxGraphProperties.isDirected(properties, mxGraphProperties.DEFAULT_DIRECTED)) {
      return getOpposites(edges, terminal, false, true);
    }
    else {
      return getOpposites(edges, terminal, true, true);
    }
  }

  ;

  public Map<String, Object> getProperties() {
    return properties;
  }

  ;

  public void setProperties(Map<String, Object> properties) {
    this.properties = properties;
  }

  ;

  public mxGraph getGraph() {
    return graph;
  }

  ;

  public void setGraph(mxGraph graph) {
    this.graph = graph;
  }

  public mxGraphGenerator getGenerator() {
    if (generator != null) {
      return generator;
    }
    else {
      return new mxGraphGenerator(null, new mxDoubleValCostFunction());
    }
  }

  public void setGenerator(mxGraphGenerator generator) {
    this.generator = generator;
  }

  ;
};


The hexadecimal color code #b25266 is a shade of pink-red. In the RGB color model #b25266 is comprised of 69.8% red, 32.16% green and 40% blue. In the HSL color space #b25266 has a hue of 348° (degrees), 38% saturation and 51% lightness. This color has an approximate wavelength of 494.27 nm.


text:
On his native turf, Pope Francis touches on cherished issues
FRANK BAJAK, Associated Press NICOLE WINFIELD
, Associated Press
QUITO, Ecuador (AP) — History's first Latin American pope returns to Spanish-speaking South America for the first time on Sunday, bringing a message of solidarity with the region's poor, who are expected to turn out in droves to welcome their native son home.
"The pope of the poor" chose to visit Ecuador, Bolivia and Paraguay specifically because they are among the poorest and most marginal nations of a region that claims 40 percent of the world's Catholics. He's skipping his homeland of Argentina, at least partly to avoid papal entanglement in this year's presidential election.
The trip starts in Ecuador, where falling world prices for oil and minerals threaten to fray the social safety net woven by President Rafael Correa, who has been buffeted for nearly a month by the most serious anti-government street protests of his more than eight years in power.
Francis is likely to raise environmental concerns with Correa and the leader of Bolivia — who have promoted mining and oil drilling in wilderness areas — given his recent encyclical on the need to protect nature and the poor who suffer most when it is exploited.
In that document, Francis called for a new development model that rejects today's profit-at-all cost mentality in favor of a Christian view of economic progress that respects human rights, safeguards the planet and involves all sectors of society, the poor and marginalized included.
In a video message on the eve of his departure, Francis said he wanted to bring a message of hope and joy to all "especially the neediest, the elderly, the sick, those in prison and the poor and all those who are victims of this 'throwaway culture.'"
Francis' stops include a violent Bolivian prison, a flood-prone Paraguayan shantytown and a meeting with Bolivian trash pickers, the sort of people he ministered to in the slums of Buenos Aires as archbishop.
Crowds are expected to be huge. While the countries themselves are tiny compared to regional powerhouses like Brazil and Argentina, they are fervently Catholic: 79 percent of the population is Catholic in Ecuador, 77 percent in Bolivia and a whopping 89 percent in Paraguay, according to the Pew Research Center.
"You can imagine what this embrace of love will be, this devotion of our people toward the pope, the universal pastor who comes from Latin America," said Guzman Carriquiri, the No. 2 of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America and a top papal adviser.
The Vatican says it expects more than 1 million people to turn out for Francis' major public Masses in each country, and organizers have scheduled plenty of time for the pope to meander through the throngs expected to line his motorcade route.
When St. John Paul II visited Ecuador in 1985, he called for a more just society and reminded indigenous groups of the role played by missionaries who had arrived on the continent centuries before. Francis will likely repeat those messages and pay particular attention to the role his Jesuit order played.
John Paul's visits were shadowed by the Polish pope's concern about the rise of liberation theology, fearing that Marxists were using its "preferential option for the poor" to turn the Gospel into a call for armed revolution.
Carriquiri said a less turbulent situation awaits Francis, who has sought to revive a purer, less political version of liberation theology and recently approved beatification for one of its heroes, Salvadoran Archbishop Oscar Romero. Francis also brokered a historic thaw between the United States and Cuba, countries he will visit in September.
"Francis' visit will be a huge boost to the priests of the Third World and theology of liberation," said Xavier Albo, a fellow Jesuit who, like the pope, is 78. "He lives that theology through mercy, modesty and his obligation to the poor, the immigrants and the imprisoned."
Jesuits paid with their lives defending the downtrodden against dictatorships, as the pope knows well from his days as head of the Jesuits during the right-wing military dictatorship in Argentina.
Opponents of dictatorships in neighboring Paraguay and Bolivia were also disappeared. One, who was tortured and killed in 1980, was Father Luis Espinal, a Bolivian close to Albo whose body was dumped by the side of the airport road that Francis will travel on his way into La Paz on Wednesday.
Francis will stop the Popemobile there, get out and pray.


text:
\section{Introduction}

An experiment involving a couple of entangled particles emitted in opposite directions from a common source has
been proposed by K.Popper~\cite{popper} as a crucial test for the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum
mechanics. We begin by presenting the problem  in the  terms used by Popper and by Collett and
Loudon~\cite{collett}, and only subsequently we will be more precise about it.
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Ghirardi_Fig1.eps} \caption{The picture shows the initial arrangement of
Popper's proposed experiment. The black vertical lines determine the width of the slits, the sequence of
vertical gray boxes represents the array of counters behind the slit.} \label{fig1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
The two particles are assumed to propagate (see Fig.~\ref{fig1}) along the $x$-axis towards two arrays of
detectors wired to operate in coincidence and placed at  left (L) and right (R) of the emitting source,  at
equal distances from it.

Two slits orthogonal to the flight direction are placed, along the $y$-axis,  before an array of detectors and,
initially, their width $\Delta$ is wide enough so that only the counters which are placed directly behind them
get activated. In fact, if the wave function of the particles is suitably prepared, only the detectors placed at
small angles with respect to the flight direction $x$ will register the arrival of a particle with a
non-negligible probability. Subsequently,  the slit at R is narrowed so as to produce an uncertainty-principle
scatter which appreciably increases the set of counters behind the slit which may be activated with a
non-negligible probability. Popper's argument~\cite{popper} goes then as follows: if the Copenhagen
interpretation of quantum mechanics is correct, any increase in the precision of the knowledge of the
$y$-position of the particle at R should correspond to an analogous increase of the knowledge concerning the
$y$-coordinate of the particle at  L, as a consequence of the assumed strict correlations implied by the
entanglement. Hence, also the scatter of the particle at L should instantaneously increase, even if the width of
the slit at this side has not been modified. This prediction is testable, since new counters would be activated
with an appreciable probability,  giving rise to a detectable form of superluminal influence at odds with the
postulates of special relativity.

To save the principle of causality, Popper concludes, no wider scatter at the left hand side L will occur by
narrowing the slit at R (see Fig.~\ref{fig2}).
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Ghirardi_Fig2.eps} \caption{The analogous of Fig. 1 for the case in which the
slit at R has been remarkably narrowed. After the slit the scatter in position increases remarkably.}
\label{fig2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
As a consequence, the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics which, it has to be stressed, in Popper's
view predicts a wider scatter at L induced by the ``mere knowledge"~\cite{popper} of the position of the
particle at $L$ which has been caused by the narrowing of the slit at R, would be falsified. In brief, either
the Copenhagen interpretation or special relativity must be abandoned, and Popper  definitively  favors  the
first option.

Subsequently, a criticism of Popper's proposal by Collett and Loudon appeared~\cite{collett} (along with an
exchange of views~\cite{replies}), claiming  that the experiment cannot represent  a crucial test for the
Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. The reason for this, in the authors' opinion, is that the
non-negligible indeterminacy about the state of the source would make undetectable the effects which the
Copenhagen interpretation predicts and Collett and Loudon fully agree with Popper about such an interpretation.
In fact, in Ref.~\cite{collett} these authors pretend to prove that the limitations imposed by the uncertainty
principle on the accuracy with which the state of the source can be specified, unavoidably remove the increase
in scatter induced by the (indirect) more precise knowledge of the position of the particle at L. Even more, the
authors surprisingly claim (as it is put into clear evidence also by Eq.~(9) and by Fig.~2 of their
paper~\cite{collett}) that both the width of the slit at R and the amplitude of the scatter at L are expected to
decrease together. To conclude, Collett and Loudon  agree with Popper's statement about the alleged implications
of the Copenhagen interpretation of the proposed test, and address their criticism solely to the unphysical
assumption that the source is stationary at a fixed and known position.

However, as we are going to prove here, the situation is radically different from the one described in the above
mentioned papers: the argument developed by Popper~\cite{popper} is invalid not because of some unjustified
assumption about the source but, rather, because the (universally accepted) rules of quantum mechanics, even in
the Copenhagen interpretation, do not entail what Popper claims them to entail.

In this paper we will resort to two (equivalent) arguments showing clearly the fallacy of Popper's idea. The
first one descends from a well-known theorem on the impossibility of any form of superluminal signaling using
the quantum correlations~\cite{ghirardi}. In fact, if one could induce an instantaneous larger scatter of a
particle at L by simply narrowing a slit at place R (as described in Popper's test) taking advantage of the
peculiar spatial correlations of entangled wave functions, a superluminal signaling protocol between two
arbitrarily distant parties would have been achieved. However, as we will see, quantum formalism forbids in
complete generality such a possibility, guaranteeing  the peaceful coexistence~\cite{shimony} with the causality
principle dictated by special relativity. The second argument, which we include for pedagogical reasons, shows
by explicit calculations that, given a (particular and simple) entangled quantum state which correctly describes
the kind of spatial correlations envisaged by Popper, it is impossible to induce a larger scatter at position L
by narrowing the slit at R. It is almost amusing to observe that our precise analysis makes absolutely clear
that a correct use of the quantum rules implies exactly what Popper was waiting for (i.e., no larger scatter at
L).

Both our arguments, the first one being completely general while the second being based on direct calculations
performed on a particular, though representative, quantum entangled state, will definitely show the reasons why
Popper's argument~\cite{popper}, and the ensuing discussions~\cite{collett}, cannot be considered crucial
neither for the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics nor for the causality principle of special
relativity. Moreover we hope that our analysis will contribute to stop the investigations and even the proposals
of actually performing the experiment which, from time to time, reappear in the literature~\cite{experiments}.

\section{No signaling condition}

As already stated, it is a remarkable feature of quantum mechanics its peaceful coexistence with special
relativity. In fact, within a quantum mechanical framework, it is impossible to devise a superluminal signaling
protocol between two distant parties by resorting to the nonlocal correlations exhibited by entangled states.
This is due to the fact that (i) arbitrary unitary operations applied locally on a particle cannot alter the
probability distributions of measurement processes performed onto the other particle, (ii) the genuine
stochasticity of the reduction process prevents one to control the measurement outcomes, independently both from
the kind of measurements one actually performs (it holds true both for projection valued~\cite{ghirardi} and
positive operator valued measurements~\cite{ghirardi2}) and from the choice of the specific reduction mechanism
which is assumed to govern the measurement process (wave packet reduction, spontaneous localization or any other
conceivable reduction process). This result is commonly referred to as {\em no superluminal signaling condition}
in quantum mechanics. For the sake of brevity in this section we will present a simplified version of the no
signaling theorem by limiting our consideration only to the case of local unitary operations and of measurements
described by projection operators within standard quantum mechanics, and address the reader to
Ref.~\cite{ghirardi2} for the most general scenario.

To this end, consider a composed bipartite quantum system described by an arbitrary (normalized) statistical
operator $\rho_{12}$ acting on the finite dimensional Hilbert space ${\cal{H}}_{1}\otimes {\cal{H}}_{2}$. Now,
suppose that an observer performs locally an arbitrary unitary operation, represented by the operator $U_{2}$,
onto particle $2$. Accordingly, the initial state of the system $\rho_{12}$ becomes
${\tilde{\rho}}_{12}=I_{1}\otimes U_{2} \rho_{12} I_{1}\otimes U^{\dagger}_{2}$. This local action does not
modify the reduced statistical operator associated to particle $1$ since
\begin{equation}\label{eq0.01}
{\textrm{Tr}}^{(2)}[{\tilde{\rho}}_{12}] =  {\textrm{Tr}}^{(2)}[I_{1}\otimes U_{2} \rho_{12} I_{1}\otimes
U^{\dagger}_{2} ]  = {\textrm{Tr}}^{(2)}[\rho_{12} I_{1}\otimes U^{\dagger}_{2}U_{2}
]={\textrm{Tr}}^{(2)}[\rho_{12}]
\end{equation}
where the cyclic property of the (partial) trace operation has been used. Thus, no unitary operation applied
locally to one of the two particles can alter the probability distributions of measurements performed onto the
other particle. Now, it remains to be proven that also a local nonselective projective measurement cannot be
effective for sending a superluminal message. To this end, let us consider two Hermitian operators
$A=\sum_{i}a_{i}P_{a_{i}}$ and $B=\sum_{j}b_{j}Q_{b_{j}}$, referring to the first and to the second component
subsystems respectively. For simplicity, we suppose that the spectrum $\{ a_{i}\}$ and $\{b_{j}\}$ of both
obervables is nondegenerate. In the previous expressions of the observables we have denoted as $\{P_{a_{i}}\}$
and $\{Q_{b_{j}}\}$ the associated family of (one-dimensional) orthogonal projection operators. Now, suppose
that initially an observer performs a (nonselective) measurement of the observable $B$ on his particle $2$
obtaining the outcome $b_{j}$: this causes the state $\rho_{12}$ of the system to collapse onto the (trace one)
state $I\otimes Q_{b_{j}}\rho_{12}I\otimes Q_{b_{j}}/{\textrm{Tr}}[I\otimes Q_{b_{j}}\rho_{12}]$ with
probability $Pr(B=b_{j})={\textrm{Tr}}[I\otimes Q_{b_{j}}\rho_{12}]$. Subsequently, a measurement of the
observable $A$ is performed onto the (arbitrarily distant) particle $1$ and we calculate the (nonselective)
probability distribution $Pr(A=a_{r}| B)$, ignoring the outcome which has been obtained in the previous
measurement process of $B$, as follows
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq0.1} Pr(A=a_{r}|B)& = & \sum_{j} Pr(A=a_{r}|B=b_{j}) Pr(B=b_{j}) \\
\label{eq0.2}  &= & \sum_{j} {\textrm{Tr}}\Big[\frac{P_{a_{r}}\otimes Q_{b_{j}}\rho_{12}P_{a_{r}}\otimes
Q_{b_{j}}}{{\textrm{Tr}}[I \otimes Q_{b_{j}}\rho_{12}]}
\Big]{\textrm{Tr}}[I\otimes Q_{b_{j}}\rho_{12}]\\
\label{eq0.3} & = & \sum_{j} {\textrm{Tr}}[P_{a_{r}}\otimes Q_{b_{j}}\rho_{12}] = {\textrm{Tr}}[P_{a_{r}}\otimes
I\rho_{12}]
\end{eqnarray}
where we have used the linearity and the cyclic property of the trace, the fact that operators belonging to
different spaces commute and that the family of projectors $\left\{Q_{b_{j}}\right\}$ constitutes a resolution
of the identity. Now, if we calculate the outcome probability distribution $Pr(A=a_{r})$ of the observable $A$
when no previous measurement of $B$ is performed, we easily notice that it coincides with the expression in
Eq.~(\ref{eq0.3}), that is, $Pr(A=a_{r}|B)=Pr(A=a_{r})$. This proves that no projective measurement procedure
performed on particle $2$ may affect the probability distributions of measurements performed subsequently on a
distant particle $1$, and this holds true irrespective of the state $\rho_{12}$, which might be entangled or
not.

To summarize, the previous arguments (and the more general result of~\cite{ghirardi2}) imply that local
operations performed on particle $2$ (such as unitary operations or projective measurements) cannot be used to
transmit any information whatsoever in the region where particle $1$ is located, in spite of the fact that
quantum correlations are genuinely nonlocal and the reduction mechanism is assumed to change instantaneously at
a distance the state vector of particle 2.

It should now be absolutely clear that the kind of experiment proposed by Popper~\cite{popper}, where an
observer placed at R might affect, at his will, the probability distribution of the $y_1$-component of the
momentum of the particle at L by simply narrowing a slit at R (i.e., by performing a $y_2$-position measurement
of the particle at R), actually contradicts the quantum mechanical rules. In fact, the unfolding of the process
hypothesized by Popper violates the theorem we have proved above~\footnote{A similar argument which criticizes
Popper's test has been developed in the paper by E. Gerjouy, A. Sessler, Am. J. Phys. {\bf 74}, 643 (2006).}.

Before concluding this section, a further remark is at order. We recall that, both in the original
proposal~\cite{popper} and in its subsequent analysis~\cite{collett}, the authors assume that the counters used
for the positions measurements of the particles are wired to operate in coincidence; in other words, only those
events in which two counters fire simultaneously at R and at L are considered for the test, while events in
which one of the particle gets absorbed by the slit (while the other does not) are discarded. Obviously, in this
specific situation, no observer at L could ever (not even hypothetically) think to get evidence of a
(superluminal) signal as a consequence of a (simultaneous) action performed at R (e.g., the narrowing of the
slit), simply because the two observers should know which events have to be recorded and which ones discarded.
Therefore, as it has been presented in Ref.~\cite{popper} and~\cite{collett}, Popper's test is, from its
starting hypothesis, completely meaningless for what concerns the possibility of exhibiting a violation of
special relativity.

\section{A pedagogical example}

In order to stress once again the fallacy of Popper's proposal without relying on general no-go theorems of the
kind exhibited in the previous section but by making explicit calculations, we shall resort, for pedagogical
reasons, to a mathematically unsophisticated modelization of Popper's experimental set up, which retains and
enlightens the distinctive features of the original proposal. These features comprise (i) the existence of
strict spatial correlations between the two particles, (ii) the fact that the wave function is initially chosen
so that only a limited fraction of counters are activated with a non-negligible probability when the slits are
wide-opened, and (iii) the occurrence of a detectable increase in scatter of a particle whenever it is passed
through a very narrow slit,  implying that it will activate counters at larger angles.

It is worth stressing that all these requests are indeed crucial in order that the test could be significative
and meaningful but, unfortunately, Popper's paper~\cite{popper} lacks of the needed clarity concerning precisely
these points. In fact, he does not make precise the mathematical form of the initial wave function of the
particle, limiting himself to speak of  an Einstein-Podoloski-Rosen-like state~\cite{epr} which should imply
perfect correlations between the positions $y_{1}$ and $y_{2}$ of the two particles. It is important to stress
that if this would really be the case, the wave function, at  time t=0 at which they reach the region where the
slits are placed, would  be  $\delta(y_{1}+y_{2})$, which is a non-normalizable state which does not fulfill
either of the requests (ii) and (iii). In fact it is easy to prove that the evolved wave function of such a
function, at any subsequent time, gives rise to a constant spatial probability distribution for both coordinates
$y_1$ and $y_2$. This amounts to say that perfect correlations in position necessarily imply that all counters
at both sides are activated with the same probability independently of the widths of the slits and, as a
consequence, that no further scatter will be ever detected when one narrows a slit. In accordance with these
remarks, one must release the condition of perfect correlations in order that the spread of the wave function be
not infinite and  Popper's test be meaningful.

To correctly account for an  experiment which embodies all fundamental aspects of the one under consideration,
one can choose a  wave function which exhibits entanglement of the $y_1$ and $y_2$ coordinates (we neglect the
$x$-coordinates which play no role for the argument), in which  the superposed factorized wave functions (any
finite number of them) should describe particles which, contrary to the tacit assumption made by Popper, are not
perfectly correlated in position but only rather accurately. In order to keep at minimum the level of
mathematical sophistication, we will consider the following initial wave function (see Fig.~\ref{fig3}):
\begin{equation}
\label{eq1}
\psi(y_1,y_2,t=0)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(\psi_{\alpha,\sigma}(y_1)\psi_{-\alpha,\sigma}(y_2)+\psi_{0,\sigma}
(y_1)\psi_{0,\sigma} (y_2) +\psi_{-\alpha,\sigma}(y_1)\psi_{\alpha,\sigma}(y_2))
\end{equation}
where $\psi_{\beta,\sigma}(y)=(2\pi \sigma^2)^{-1/4} {\textrm{exp}}(-\frac{(y-\beta)^{2}}{4\sigma^2})$ is a
Gaussian state with mean value  $\beta$ and standard deviation $\sigma$. We will also assume that $\alpha$ is
much larger than $\sigma$  and that, in turn, the initial width $\Delta$ of both slits is larger than
$2(\alpha+\sigma)$. Eq.~(\ref{eq1}) describes a pair of particles whose corresponding $y_i$-positions ($i=1,2$)
are  almost perfectly correlated (e.g., when the first particle is found to be within the interval
$[\alpha-2\sigma, \alpha+2\sigma]$ the other one will be found, almost with certainty, within
$[-\alpha-2\sigma,-\alpha+2\sigma]$) and whose one-particle wave functions $\psi_{-\alpha,\sigma},
\psi_{\alpha,\sigma}$ and $\psi_{0,\sigma}$ are almost orthogonal, since their centers are much more far away
from each other than their width, i.e., $\sigma \ll \alpha$. Of course, the parameter $\sigma$, which quantifies
the degree of localization, cannot be vanishingly small in order to satisfy the (above) request (ii), but, at
the same time, it is assumed to be sufficiently small to guarantee the desired quite accurate correlations in
position of the two particles.
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Ghirardi_Fig3.eps} \caption{The explicit example of a correct Popper-like
experiment we are discussing. We have represented explicitly the three correlated Gaussians appearing in the
wave function. One has to keep in mind that we have assumed that the width $\sigma$ of these Gaussians is much
smaller than their separation $\alpha$, a fact which cannot be represented correctly in the figure.}
\label{fig3}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
At this point, if one narrows  the slit at R changing  its width from $\Delta$ to $\delta$, a quantity of the
order, let us say, of  $6\sigma$, essentially only the product state $\psi_{0,\sigma}(y_1)\psi_{0,\sigma}(y_2)$
will contribute to the activation of  the detectors placed behind the slit, since the other parts of  the wave
function $\psi(y_1,y_2,t=0)$ will be almost completely absorbed by the walls of the slit, yielding a negligible
contribution to the probability of activating some counters. One then has to take into account that,  given the
wave function $\psi_{0,\sigma}(y_1)\psi_{0,\sigma}(y_2)$, the particle at R has a probability approximately
equal to $99.7\%$ of being found within the interval $[-3\sigma, 3\sigma]$ of the $y_2$-axis which corresponds
to the opening of the slit. So, narrowing the slit at R  from $\Delta$ to   $\delta$ and considering only those
events in which detectors on both sides are activated, amounts to assume that the wave function of both
particles  is practically equal to $\psi_{0,\sigma}(y_1)\psi_{0,\sigma}(y_2)$.

We come now to show once more that this test cannot disprove the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics.
In order to reach such a conclusion, we let the wave function $\psi_{0,\sigma}(y_1)\psi_{0,\sigma}(y_2)$  evolve
freely for the time interval $(0,t)$,  which is the one needed to the particles moving along the $x$-axis to
cover the distance from the slits to the detectors. The evolved wave function remains a product of two gaussian
states, having the same mean value $y_1=y_2=0$ but with a larger standard deviation $\bar{\sigma}>\sigma$ equal
to:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq2} \bar{\sigma}=\sigma\sqrt{1+ \frac{\hbar^{2} t^{2}}{4m^{2}{\sigma}^{4}}},
\end{equation}
where $m$ is the mass of the particles. The standard deviation $\bar{\sigma}$ of Eq.~(\ref{eq2}) is a decreasing
function of $\sigma$ as long as $\sigma\in (0,\sqrt{\frac{\hbar t}{2m}})$: therefore, for $\sigma$ belonging to
such an interval,   the more localized the initial gaussian state is, the more it will spread in the time
interval $(0,t)$, as expected. So, in what follows, we will set $\sigma \simeq \sqrt{\frac{\hbar t}{2m}}$ in
order to get the minimum of $\bar{\sigma}$ and we assume that the physical parameters $m$ and $t$ are such that
the evolved wave function can  activate (with significant probability) only a limited fraction of all the
detectors (actually only those in front of the interval $[-\delta/2,\delta/2]$) at both sides. Now, in order to
reach the core of Popper's proposal, let us consider (with him) a different situation in which the width of the
slit at R is reduced to a value $d$ remarkably smaller than $\delta$ ($d\ll\delta=6\sigma$). This procedure
requires to change the wave function of the particles passing through the slit making it equal to
$N\psi_{0,\sigma}(y_1)\psi_{0,\sigma}(y_2)\chi_{d/2}(y_2)$, where $\chi_{d/2}(y_{2})$ is the normalized
characteristic function of the interval $[-\frac{d}{2},+\frac{d}{2}]$ and $N$ is a normalization factor. As it
is evident, this  narrowing of the slit has reduced to $d$ the support $\delta$ of the wave function at R but it
has left unchanged and equal to $\delta$ the one  of the  wave function at L. If we let the whole system evolve
for a time $t$, the standard deviation of the gaussian state at L remains that of Eq.~(\ref{eq2}) (that is, the
particle  at L will not increase its scatter with respect to the previously  considered case of an opening
$\delta=6\sigma$) while the corresponding particle at R will exhibit a considerably increased scatter.

To analyze this point in an extremely simplified but essentially correct way,  we suppose  that
$N\psi_{0,\sigma}(y_2)\chi_{d/2}(y_2)$ be approximately equivalent to the (normalized) characteristic function
$\chi_{d/2}(y_2)$ (this assumption is certainly correct since  $d\ll6\sigma$).

If we denote as $\phi(y_2,t)$ the wave function which is the evolved, in the time interval  $(0,t)$, of the
characteristic function $\chi_{d/2}(y_2)$, we obtain the following position   probability density~\cite{ghatak}
for the R particle:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq4} \vert\phi(y_2,t)\vert^{2}= \frac{1}{2d}[ (C(u+v) -C(u-v))^{2}+(S(u+v)-S(u-v))^{2}]
\end{equation}
where $u=y_{2}\sqrt{\frac{m}{\pi\hbar t}}$, $v=\frac{d}{2}\sqrt{\frac{m}{\pi\hbar t}}$ and
$C(\theta)=\int_{0}^{\theta}dz\cos({\frac{\pi}{2}z^{2}})$ and
$S(\theta)=\int_{0}^{\theta}dz\sin({\frac{\pi}{2}z^{2}})$ are the Fresnel integrals. The probability density  of
Eq.~(\ref{eq4}) exhibits the following simpler expression
\begin{equation}
\label{eq5} \vert\phi(y_2,t)\vert^{2} = \frac{2\hbar t}{md\pi} \frac{1}{y_{2}^{2}} \sin^{2}\Big(\frac{md}{2\hbar
t}\;y_{2}\Big)
\end{equation}
in the limiting case $v\ll 1$ (which amounts to $d\ll 2\sqrt{\frac{\pi \hbar t}{m}}$ or, equivalently, to $d\ll
5\sigma$). The function of Eq.~(\ref{eq5}) is the very well-known Fraunhofer diffraction pattern which describes
the intensity of a monochromatic light beam diffracted by a single slit~\cite{optics}. The relevant width
$\Delta y_{2}$ of such a curve is given by the distance between the two first minima (surrounding the absolute
maximum) and it  equals:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq6} \Delta y_{2}=\frac{4 \pi \hbar t}{md}.
\end{equation}
Now, if we choose $d=\frac{\sigma}{n}\simeq\frac{1}{n}\sqrt{\frac{\hbar t}{2m}}$, with $n$ integer arbitrarily
large, we see that the width of the Fraunhofer probability distribution $\Delta y_{2}$ increases arbitrarily
and, in particular, it becomes much greater than $6\bar{\sigma}$, the interval which defines the range of
counters which are activated with high probability ($>97\%$) whenever the slit at R is large enough to let the
whole wave function $\psi_{0,\sigma}$ to pass through. More precisely, one can prove that $\frac{\Delta
y_{2}}{6\bar{\sigma}} \approx\mathcal{O}(n)$.

Thus, as expected by Popper and as implied by the quantum rules, by narrowing the slit at R (i.e., by choosing
any $n > 2$) we may considerably increase the $y$-scatter of the corresponding particle of a factor $n$ but,
contrary to Popper's expectations and in full agreement with the quantum rules about wave packet reduction, we
leave unaffected  the wave function at L, which will then not exhibit an increased scatter.

Finally, if we look at Eq.~(1) of Ref.~\cite{collett} we easily understand why the formula given by the authors
conflicts (instead of being a consequence of) with the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact,
the considered formula pretends to relate the standard deviation $\Delta_{L}$ of the particle at L with the
width $s_{R}$ of the slit at R in the physical situation where the  slit at R has been narrowed while the slit
at L is left wide open, as follows:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq0.5} \Delta^{2}_{L}=\Big(\frac{d+r}{d}s_{R}\Big)^{2} +\Big(\frac{r\lambda}{4\pi s_{R}}\Big)^{2}
\end{equation}
where, according to the notation of Ref.~\cite{collett}, $\lambda$ is the particle wavelength, $d$ is the
distance from the source to the slits and $r$ is the distance from the slits to the detectors. This incorrect
formula implies that, whenever $s_{R}<[r/(d+r)]^{1/2}$, the second term dominates over the first and,
consequently, yields a larger scatter $\Delta_{L}$ for a smaller $s_{R}$.

 But, as it emerges clearly from our analysis, these two quantities are
completely uncorrelated and, consequently, all calculations performed in Ref.~\cite{collett} are irrelevant for
Popper's proposal, curiously enough just because the authors explicitly agree with Popper's (wrong) belief of
what quantum mechanics would predict for such an experiment.

\section{Conclusions}

In this paper we have illustrated the reasons why Popper's proposal~\cite{popper} cannot be considered neither a
crucial test for the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics nor for the principle of causality of
special relativity. More precisely, exhaustive arguments have been exhibited which explicitly show why one
cannot obtain a larger scatter of a particle at L by local actions (such as by narrowing a slit) on a particle
at R, even when the two particles are described by a (quite strictly spatially correlated) wave function.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Lost French submarine finally found after 50 years missing
Meanwhile, in the depths of the Mediterranean...
By Shannon Connellan on July 22, 2019
French submarine Minerve in France on March 3, 1964. Credit: Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images
A French submarine missing for over 50 years has been found in the Mediterranean.
The wreck of the Minerve, according to Agence France-Presse(Opens in a new window), was discovered off the port of Toulon, on the south coast of France, with the find announced by officials on Monday.
A private vessel reportedly found the submarine, which went missing five decades ago on Jan. 17, 1968 with 52 sailors aboard.
"We have just found the Minerve. It's a success, a relief and a technical feat," wrote Defence Minister Florence Parly on Twitter, as per a translation by Google. "I'm thinking of the families who have been waiting for this moment so long."
Several searches for the Minerve had turned up nothing over the years, AFP reports. Then, in 2019, following demands from the sailors' families to locate the submarine, Parly commissioned another search, which used newer technology to reassess data from the time of the submarine's disappearance, recreated tides in the western Mediterranean Sea, and analysed seismic reports.
According to a senior French naval officer who spoke to the news outlet anonymously, the Minerve was found 2,370 metres (7,800 feet) deep, 45 kilometres (30 miles) off the coast of Toulon by a private vessel, the Seabed Constructor, which is owned by private U.S. seabed exploration company Ocean Infinity.
Exactly how the Seabed Constructor arrived at the correct site to make the discovery, and whether it was working with Parly's team, has not been reported. Ocean Infinity declined to comment when approached by Mashable.
SEE ALSO: Lost submarine from World War I found after 103-year search
So, what happened to the Minerve? Well, the cause of the submarine's sinking to the seafloor has never been announced, according to AFP, as the craft itself had never been found. The Guardian(Opens in a new window) reports the Minerve as having been conducting a military exercise when it disappeared.
Now, scientists can start their analysis of the sub in order to determine whether an object such as a torpedo was involved, or whether the submarine itself suffered technical faults like rudder problems.
Mashable has reached out to the French government for more information.
Three giant submarines emerging from beneath the Arctic ice is pretty awesome
Shannon Connellan
(opens in a new tab) (opens in a new tab)
Shannon Connellan is Mashable's UK Editor based in London, formerly Mashable's Australia Editor, but emotionally, she lives in the Creel House.


text:
"Tennis Court" received generally positive reviews from contemporary critics. Siân Rowe from NME complimented Lorde's "strong pop vocals".[31] Emily Yoshida from Grantland labelled it a "murkily winsome, ever-so-slightly chopped ballad",[48] while Kyle Jaeger writing for The Hollywood Reporter commended the track's lyrical content and its "catchy" melody.[49] Billboard's Jason Lipshutz was favourable towards the song's "detached attitude" and minimalist production that evoked "something intoxicating" in the music scene.[29] Sharing the same sentiment, Adam Offitzer from independent music blog Pretty Much Amazing regarded "Tennis Court" as a "[burst] of originality" in the mainstream music scene of "mindless hooks and dubstep anthems" for its minimalism and "clever" lyrics.[23]
The ProCushion System, depicted in the illustration above, is the ultimate professional and residential cushioned option for tennis court surfaces. This 100% acrylic coating system is designed to provide optimum resilience and spin responsive play. The shock absorbing layers of the ProCushion system provide unparalleled player comfort at an affordable cost. Flexible acrylic binders maximize the feel of the rubber granules for decades after application.
Kirill is no longer a club pro full time. He has begun working in commercial real estate at an office in Manhattan, limiting his coaching to the weekends and a few nights a week. I meet him once in a while for lunch or dinner, and one night last month at the Oyster Bar, he was explaining to me how the cold calls he made to potential customers as he tried to get their business was a lot like tennis — how, when you are playing a new opponent, you have to feel him out, and how ultimately it is up to you to control the exchange as best you can and come away a winner. Most of all, he emphasized, you can never lose confidence.
Tennis is played by millions of recreational players and is also a popular worldwide spectator sport. The four Grand Slam tournaments (also referred to as the Majors) are especially popular: the Australian Open played on hard courts, the French Open played on red clay courts, Wimbledon played on grass courts, and the US Open also played on hard courts.
Throughout most of lawn tennis' history, most rackets were made of laminated wood, with heads of around 65 square inches (420 cm2). A small number of them were made of metal, such as a 1920s racket by Dayton.[15] Some, rarely, also had metal strings. In the late 1960s, Wilson popularized the T-2000 steel racket with wire wound around the frame to make string loops, after having purchased the design from René Lacoste, who produced the racket first in a more limited run. It was popularized by the top American player Jimmy Connors and was also, prior to Connors using it, by Billie Jean King in her early career. Many players said it lacked control but had more power, when compared with wood frames of the period. Connors used the rarer "firm" model that had additional throat welds to increase its stiffness. In 1968 Spalding launched an aluminum racket, called The Smasher. Aluminum, though lighter and more flexible than steel, was sometimes less accurate than wood. The biggest complaint, however, was that metal rackets caused strong cases of tennis elbow, especially the kind that had holes for the strings directly in the frame, rather than using an external wire wrapper, as in the T-2000. Because of that drawback in particular, most of the top players still preferred to use wooden frames.[16]
First of all I want to let you know how much I enjoy your web page. Great job. Secondly I want to talk about your thoughts on the "perfect technique." In your Roger Federer video you show how he uses a lot of different stances, not stepping through and things like that and is able to still make great shots. Then you also mention that the way he swings the racquet at contact in all of these examples is why he plays so good. In my opinion it IS because he has practiced the "perfect technique" so much that when he is put into those difficult situations he is able to bring the racquet through the ball the correct way all the time. Because regardless of what your body does your arm still has to produce the shot. All the other stuff like tack back, follow through and stepping through are just helpers to be more consistent. The way I teach my students is to "never change your stroke through the ball no matter how out of position you get." Can you do this 100% of the time? No, but when you make THAT effort you will be amazed at how well it improves their footwork effort.
I accept your thesis — kids & adults learn tennis differently. But there's a corrolary: As someone who began tennis 10 yerars ago as a retirement activity, I'm confronted by others in my over-70 age group who — I swear — began hitting tennis balls before they could walk. There's no way I can catch up with them. Should I give up, & just play with others "at my level"? [This is a serious question.] Or should I attempt one-person drills with the aim of improving?
The first thing to consider when looking at tennis racquets is the frame. You have many options when it comes to size, shape, material, and so on. A racquet with a larger head will help you make more powerful swings, whereas a smaller head affords you more control. Can't decide? A mid-sized head offers a little of both! For length, a longer racquet can offer better leverage per swing for more power, but a traditional-length racquet provides a better balance of power and control. When considering the weight of a racquet, remember that heavier tennis racquets offer more power and less control while lighter racquets yield more control at the expense of power. The shape of your racquet determines where the sweet spot is: Traditional oval racquets have a sweet spot at the bottom, and a teardrop racquet features a larger sweet spot overall.
A well-constructed, properly maintained concrete court can provide decades of recreational enjoyment. But you'll have to pay to play. The cost of a regulation-size post-tensioned concrete tennis court with a cushioned surface can be double that of an equivalent asphalt court. "The basic asphalt court starts at about $40,000 to $45,000, with the average price probably in the mid $50s to low $60s. For a post-tensioned court, you'll pay in the low $100,000 range," says Kolkmann.
Hi, my name is Jamie. I have been teaching tennis for about 14 years and have a love and passion for teaching tennis to anyone who is wanting to learn and improve their game. I have been working at Punahou School for the last 12 years and have done group, private, and cardio tennis lessons there and have a good foundation of how to build lessons and skills within my students through effective progressions that have worked to build state ranked juniors. I am USPTA Certified and Cardio Certified. Please let me know how I can help you to work on technique and strategy through a game based learning approach. ... View Profile
The dimensions of a tennis court are defined and regulated by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) governing body and are written down in the annual 'Rules of Tennis' document.[1] The court is 78 feet (23.77 metres) long. Its width is 27 feet (8.23 metres) for singles matches and 36 feet (10.97 metres) for doubles matches.[2] The service line is 21 feet (6.40 metres) from the net.[2] Additional clear space around the court is needed in order for players to reach overrun balls for a total of 60 feet (18 metres) wide and 120 feet (37 metres) long. A net is stretched across the full width of the court, parallel with the baselines, dividing it into two equal ends. The net is 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 metres) high at the posts, and 3 feet (0.91 metres) high in the center.[3] The net posts are 3 feet (0.91 metres) outside the doubles court on each side or, for a singles net, 3 feet (0.91 metres) outside the singles court on each side.
I've spent years in attempts to understand tennis techniques and secrets that few people ever learn in tennis lessons. Most competitive junior tennis players have the privilege of time and money to develop and learn tennis techniques, but maybe you don't. Tennis techniques are an important part for every tennis player and even small changes in tennis technique can result in big improvements.
Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court. The object of the game is to maneuver the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.


text:
Q: "Figure A and B" or "Figures A and B" My question is: which one is correct to talk about two figures in my writing?

*

*"Figure A and B are ..."

*"Figures A and B are ..."

A: Number two is correct. The predicate is "are," which is the predicate for a plural subject. The subject is "figures," which is plural. A and B modify the subject but don't affect its plurality.

A: "A" And "B" are names of your figures, and so the phrase "A and B" is a compound appositive. See e.g. http://www.qcsd.org/cms/lib04/PA01000005/Centricity/Domain/229/appositives.doc
There are two different figures, so it seems logical to say "Figures A and B..."

A: It would be correct to say "Figures A and B are...". An alternative would be to say "Figure A and Figure B are..."


Don't Forget our Summer Fayre!
Well done to our fantastic Baille Cup team who did us so proud today! Fantastic effort from all and even some winners medals! Well done to Miss Campbell and Mrs Ross for all their efforts too.


text:
"Adventure To The Afterworld"
Port Washington News, Nov. 5, 2018.
"Author Roy Schwartz discusses his debut novel"
Young Entertainment Magazine, Oct. 29, 2018.
"Book Review: 'The Darkness in Lee's Closet and the Others Waiting There'"
TBR News Media, Oct. 23, 2018.
"Alumni News: Roy Schwartz"
MCAA Avenue, Oct. 12, 2018.
Long Islander News/Huntington Weekly, Sep. 1, 2018.
"תמיד אישה: דרכה של וונדר וומן - מדמות הקומיקס ועד גל גדות"
Maariv interview (Hebrew), May 27, 2017.
"האם סופרמן נימול?"
Ynet interview (Hebrew), June 25, 2013.
"Is Superman Circumcised?"
Jerusalem Post op-ed, Feb. 14, 2013.
CLICK TO VOTE!
Is Superman Circumcised?
The Darkness in Lee's Closet
Lee just wants her dad back. But the land of the dead is a dangerous place.
When her father dies, Lee's life is torn apart. The only comfort she finds is in the complete darkness of her closet, where she sleeps at night.
When she discovers the darkness leads to the afterlife, she hatches a plan—to find her dad and bring him back home.
With the help of four very talkative, very dead companions she finds trapped in the darkness, she sets off on a quest through the afterworlds.
But a little live girl does not belong there. Lee will have to face frightening dangers and use all her courage and cunning if she wishes to save her father, her friends, and herself.
The Darkness in Lee's Closet and the Others Waiting There
Hudson Booksellers
Aelurus
Amazon #1 New Release: Children's Coming of Age Fantasy Books, Sep. 4–18, 2018
Amazon #1 New Release: Children's Paranormal, Occult & Supernatural Books, Sep. 4–18, 2018
Nominee, 2018 TCK Publishing Reader's Choice Book Awards
TCK Publishing
"A thrill ride full of frights and frolics."
"Perfect for middle school readers."
Young Entertainment Magazine
"A journey through life, love, family, friendship, and heart. Although the subject matter is sometimes serious and quite poignant, there are laughs to be had in this fantastical story. Elements of The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe and The Secret Garden combine with a fun ensemble cast akin to The Wizard of Oz or Alice Through the Looking Glass. A good choice for independent readers, this could also be a slightly spooky and thoroughly satisfying selection for a family read-aloud."
CLCD (Children's Literature Comprehensive Database) Read & Shine book review
"[A] dark masterpiece."
"Schwartz crafts a world of fantasy that a child of any age can immerse themselves in."
"The book...finds a way to delight young readers and even make them laugh through the darkness."
Long Islander News
"[A] message of courage, friendship, love and perseverance."
TBR News Media
"Share something more fun and cooler with your kids."
Hey Do You blog
©2023 Roy Schwartz


text:
Q: Negate #available statement I want to execute a code block only on devices running with an OS older than iOS8. I can't do:
if #available(iOS 8.0, *) == false {
    doFoo()
}

The solution I'm using for now is:
if #available(iOS 8.0, *) { } else {
    doFoo()
}

, but it feels clunky. Is there another way to negate the #available statement elegantly with Swift ?

A: It is not possible to have logic around the #available statement.
Indeed, the statement is used by the compiler to infer what methods can be called within the scope it embraces, hence nothing can be done at runtime that would conditionally execute the block.
It is possible though to combine conditions, using a comma, as follows
if #available(iOS 8.0, *), myNumber == 2 {
  // some code
}

A: I use a guard for this:
guard #available(iOS 8.0, *) else {
    // Code for earlier OS
}

There's slight potential for awkwardness since guard is required to exit the scope, of course. But that's easy to sidestep by putting the whole thing into its own function or method:
func makeABox()
{
    let boxSize = .large

    self.fixupOnPreOS8()

    self.drawBox(sized: boxSize)
}

func fixupOnPreOS8()
{
    guard #available(iOS 8, *) else {
        // Fix up
        return
    }
}

which is really easy to remove when you drop support for the earlier system.

A: Seems it's the best solution, before Swift2 you had to use other methods such as using ready-to-use classes wrote by individuals. But that's fine, you can set a variable in viewDidLoad() and use it to detect the older devices:
var isNewerThan8: Bool = false

func viewDidLoad(){
   if #available(iOS 8.0, *) {
      isNewerThan8 = true
   } else {
      isNewerThan8 = false
   }
}

func myFunction(){
   if isNewerThan8 {
     //foo
   }else{
    //boo
   }
}

A: Swift 5.6, Xcode 13.3 Beta
if #unavailable(iOS 13, *) {
   // below iOS 13
} else {
  // iOS 13 and above
}

Swift 5.5 and earlier
a simple way to check is by using #available with a guard statement
guard #available(iOS 13, *) else {
   // code for earlier versions than iOS 13
   return
}

another way is to use if/else
if #available(iOS 13, *) {} else {
    // code for earlier versions than iOS 13
}

A: In Swift 5.6, you can now do the following:
if #unavailable(iOS 15) {
    // Under iOS 15
} else {
    // iOS 15+
}

Or just the following depending on your case:
if #unavailable(iOS 15) {
    // Under iOS 15
}

This is part of SE-0290: Negative availability.


text:
Q: Pseudo inverse does not satisfy original problem although matrix has sufficient rank I have a $4(\text{rows}) \times 5(\text{col})$ matrix. Lets call it $A$. I want to solve $AX = b$ where $b$ is $4 \times 1$ vector. Verified with Matlab that rank(A) is $4$. So all $b$ must be in the range space of the operator $A$ and not just in a 'least-squared' sense.
However if i use X = pinv(A)*b, i get a 'solution' that does not satisfy $AX = b$.
What am i missing?


Manufacturer: Distributed by THE HANSA GUILD Co.
Women's Sheepskin Moccasins - Slipper-CLOGS - Made with warm, soft, genuine SHEEPSKIN furs outside lined with suede cowhide for protection and durability. Removable insole. Cut slightly higher to provide stable walking support. Anti-slip TPR rubber sole for indoor/outdoor use.


The Arkansas Ethics Commission dismissed a complaint Friday against a PAC involved in peddling racially charged slime supporting U.S. Rep. French Hill in his successful re-election campaign against challenger Clarke Tucker.
Vernon Robinson, a North Carolina crackpot, was behind the Black Americans for the President's Agenda PAC, which pushed the controversial radio ad targeted at black audiences during the campaign, a cartoonish bit of sleaze that you can listen to below. Robinson is black; the money funding the effort appeared to come from wealthy white conservatives, such as an owner of the San Francisco Giants (the Giants quickly put out a statement distancing themselves from the ad).
Hill condemned the ad, which he deemed "outrageous": "There's no place in Arkansas for this nonsense."
An official from the Republican Party of Arkansas then filed an Ethics complaint, which argued that the PAC failed to properly register and report its financial information in the state.
On Friday, the Ethics Commission found that because the ads were for a federal race, Robinson's PAC did not have to register in the state as an independent expenditure committee, the Democrat-Gazette reports. Something to file away for the next cycle of congressional elections in the state, as the dark money floods the airwaves.
And keep in mind: Even if the Commission issues a slap on the wrist against a PAC after a campaign is over (which almost never happens), the damage has long since been done. Robinson kept his ad on the air despite all of the condemnations and the filing of the Ethics complaint. The maximum penalty for this complaint was a fine of up to $2,000. I have the nauseating feeling that we'll be hearing from Robinson again.
This pro-French Hill radio ad is racist. It demeans the pain and experience of African Americans and exploits for political gain centuries of segregation and racial violence, including lynching.


text:
Biografia

New England Patriots
Dopo avere giocato al college a football all'Accademia Navale, Cardona fu scelto nel corso del quinto giro (166º assoluto) del Draft NFL 2015 dai New England Patriots. Debuttò come professionista nella vittoria del primo turno contro i Pittsburgh Steelers.

Il 5 febbraio 2017 vince il suo primo Super Bowl, il LI, disputato dai Patriots contro gli Atlanta Falcons e vinto dai primi, ai tempi supplementari (prima volta nella storia del Super Bowl), con il punteggio di 34-28.

Alla fine della stagione 2018 Cardona vinse il Super Bowl LIII battendo i Los Angeles Rams per 13-3, conquistando il suo secondo anello.

Palmarès

Franchigia

New England Patriots: LI, LIII
 American Football Conference Championship: 3
New England Patriots: 2016, 2017, 2018

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Win32 console disapears after a second I have created a Win32 Console Application in Visual Studio but when I start the program the console apears just for a second and then disapears again. What should I do that the console remains on the screen ?

A: Well, the program has finished running, so it closes.
Either make the program wait for input (e.g. with getchar()), or press Ctrl-F5 to run the program without debugging (but then you won't be able to set breakpoints and stuff).

A: You can set breakpoints anywhere in your code to make it stop.  If you just want to see the output of the program when it's done, try setting a breakpoint on the last line of main().

A: This is happening because the program has nothing to wait for before exiting.
Try running std::cin.get(); before main() returns to make the console wait for keyboard input.


text:
Stoli vodka announces rebrand – CNN
The vodka, famously marketed as Russian, will now be sold and marketed simply as Stoli, the company said in a statement.
Stoli Group's founder, Russian-born billionaire Yuri Shefler, was exiled from that nation in 2000 because of his opposition to Putin. The liquor has long been marketed as Russian vodka, but its production facilities have been in Latvia since that year. Stoli Group is a unit of Luxembourg-based SPI Group.
The company also cited its employees' desire to take action and to accurately represent the vodka's Latvian roots.
Earlier this week, Stoli Group announced it would only use Slovakian sources to make sure that none of its ingredients are sourced from Russia.
Officials in states from Ohio to New Hampshire have called on liquor stores to remove Russian-made or Russian-branded products from their shelves — which in most cases, means vodka. Some bar owners have even dumped out Stoli vodka in protest.
These boycotts and protests are unlikely to have much impact, however. Russian-made vodka accounts for a very small percentage of the roughly $7 billion in annual vodka sales, according to the Distilled Spirits Council (DISCUS), a national trade organization that represents spirits makers.
In the United States, less than 1% of vodka consumed is produced in Russia. More than half of all vodka consumed domestically is actually made in the US, according to data from IWSR Drinks Market Analysis, a global firm that tracks alcohol sales.
CNN's Jordan Valinsky contributed to this story.
Sydney faces more rain as death toll from Australian floods rises
Blinken says US has seen reports of Russian abuses in Ukraine that 'would constitute a war crime'


text:
Q: How to find $\int_{2}^{\infty } \frac{{\rm d} x}{x^2}$? I'm reviewing a probability question.
$$\Bbb P(X>2) = \int_{2}^{\infty } \frac{{\rm d} x}{x^2} = \left( -\frac1x \right)\Bigg|_2^{\infty } = \frac12$$
I do know how we obtain the antiderivative of $\frac{1}{x^2}$, which is $-\frac1x$, but I also don't understand the notation $-1/x |2_{\infty}$ and how $\frac12$ is derived. Thank you.

A: Continuing on the comment of @csch2,
When we trying to calculate the antiderivative of a value that one of its bounds to $\infty$,
$$\left[-\frac{1}{x}\right]_2^\infty$$
We substitute a variable and take its limit to $\infty$ as $\infty$ is not clear value.
$$\lim_{k\to \infty}\left[-\frac{1}{x}\right]_2^k$$
$$\lim_{k\to \infty}\left[-\frac{1}{k} - (-\frac{1}{2})\right]$$
Now for $k$, for every value of $k$ that gets closer to $\infty$ ($10^2, 10 ^3, 10^4$ and so on...), the fraction, $\frac{1}{k}$, becomes proportionally smaller and smaller ($\frac{1}{10^2}, \frac{1}{10^3}, \frac{1}{10^4}$), ie. $\frac{1}{k}$ approaches $0$. $$\lim_{k\to \infty}, \frac{1}{k} \to 0$$
$$= \left[0 - (-\frac{1}{2})\right]$$
$$\therefore \int_2^\infty \frac{1}{x^2} \, dx = \frac{1}{2}$$


I was looking through a bunch of HHN material I'd downloaded over the years and I came across a text file in which I'd collected various tidsbits and trivia about past events, most likely collected from an infamous now-defunct forum. I thought I'd copy the list here, it seems to stop at HHN 19. Feel free to ad/edit!
- In 2007 The "For Sale" sign in front of NOES was being sold my M. Roddy.
had some of usernames of the vault!
- In HHN 16 The gravestones in Screamhouse were universal creatives.
- 2004 and 2006 sites had some members of A&D names all over the website.
- In 2006 Prez Bush's face was in All Nite Die In: Take II, in the Hellraiser scene.
"The Raven"... it was pretty much impossible to notice except during the behind the scenes tour.
- In Home for the Holidays 2007 there was a small token from Maximum Madness placed in the house.
patients had been using as darts.
- Demon CAntina in 05 had a guest that decided the toilet was real and he pissed in it.
- TJ name was on a prop in BM in 2006.
- During HHN 18 Every house and zone had a reference to Mary. Most of them were cracked mirrors.
a museum and "Thomas J. Mannarino, Curator" or something along those lines.
paintings on the walls. Also, Cindy Caine was featured in some of these paintings too.
as parts of the ship; I.e. the Roddy Valve, the Aiello Gasket, the Mannarino Hatch, etc.
the ashes to resurrect Jack, the Director, the Storyteller, and the Caretaker.
beasts in the mines. Mik Llomorg is Kim Gromoll backwards.
astronaut room in the Jack's Funhouse in Clown-o-Vision from '07.
shattered mirror above one of the doorways inside the Monster's Cafe.
- As far as I can tell EVERY house and scarezone had a reference to Bloody Mary in some way or another.
others that's also in the room with the captain's chair.
- In the troll bridge room, look up... Rapunzel's dead.
- in the "Mirror, Mirror" section, you can see Mary in one of the mirrors.
- Look up before the Barbershop and see that it's called "Aiello and Roddy's Babershop"
- Dorothy's clothes are sticking out of the Scarecrow's backpack.
holding a clock, and the others wouldn't.
- There was a photo of Bloody Mary on Charlie's desk in the first scene.
* the statue in the beginning(first scene) of dracula was used in all the Sreamhouses.
* Also there is a clipboard in that SZ with many members of A&D on it.
Butchered Buck from Creatures! in 2008.
* All the Frankensteins in Frankenstein have greek names...Alpha Beta Kappa Xi are just a couple.
treated badly. that5 is why you see beautiful brides, and very ugly scary brides in the house.
running/jumping out at you and howling so they wouldn't have to pay a stunt man.
effect and thought it was cool because it had "meat" three times in a row.
* that shelf tht was in bc right after the spine scene is in franks house aswell.
that it comes from the film Van Helsing.
* The bar scene in Wolfman was also used in "Blood Ruins" at HHN 15.
from MBV is in SS as well.
arranged in a rather... ahem... "coincidental" position.
* The shields on the walls of Dracula are all from "The Fire Pits" scarezone at HHN15.
dude thats cut up into pieces on strings.
is the little boy standing next to him.
* When you enter The Spawning, there is an X-Files lunchbox on the desk.
through the door on the left this year which was a boo hole last year.


Table is one of important furniture on living room. Our living room furniture will not complete without this table existing. The right table will improve our living room furniture beauty. Glass table is most favorite table for living room furniture. This table can create modern and elegance style. Some models use glass, wood and stainless steel combination. Usually this table can be find in circle and rectangle shape. Question here, which is better between these styles? Is circle glass living room table better than rectangle glass living room?
The answer is depended on how we will arrange our living room furniture. If we arrange them in L position, rectangle glass table is better than circle glass living room table. But is want to arrange them in U position or in opposite position, rectangle and circle glass living room table can be applied here. Both of them are great for decorating living room. But if we want to look for something fresh and attractive in our living room, place circle glass living room table is great idea. We can place more than one circle glass table here as long as this living room size is enough for two tables.
We can find circle glass living room table in the store that it's completed with storage under this glass surface. We can put anything here, such as magazine or newspaper. Circle glass living room table with circle aquarium fish tank under this glass table is really unique and wonderful. Place small lamp here. It really will impress our guest. But this table style need more time for maintaining such as replace water and give food for fish. Don't choose this table style if we would not feel troublesome.
Maintaining this table is easy. Just use water, soap or cleaner and cloth. This table is scratch resistant. Don't put weight stuffs here. It can be broken. To decorate this table, we can put beautiful table lamp if we would or put flower in vase in the center of this table. Some beautiful art furnishing articles from resin or wood is great idea for decorating this table.


text:
Can we trust food labels?
CONSUMER champion Which? has discovered that some people are baffled by the way food and drink brands market products with words like "pure", "fresh, "natural" and "real".
Under European food law, the labelling and presentation of food should not mislead consumers and the Government has guidance on the use of particular words and phrases commonly used to describe foods.
It sets out how a number of terms should ideally be used and this guidance is there to offer good practice to companies, however, it isn't legally binding.
So it's not always clear what we're buying and what could be misleading to consumers. The terms "fruit juice" and "fruit juice from concentrate" are subject to European legislation. "Juice drink", on the other hand, isn't. When Which? asked more than a 1,000 people whether drinks labelled as "juice drink" must contain at least 25 per cent juice, 43 per cent thought it did. But in reality, it doesn't have to have a minimum amount and the phrase "juice drink" means very little.
Things get even more confusing when it comes to "flavour" and "flavoured". Though there's no legal definition, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs considers "flavour" to relate to artificial flavouring and "flavoured" to natural ingredients. Yop Strawberry Flavour Drinking Yoghurt, for example, doesn't contain strawberries.
But this doesn't mean you should automatically dismiss terms on food packaging as marketing hype – some are regulated. The term "organic" on food packaging, for example, is governed by European legislation. Depending on the food and level of certification, it guarantees factors such as higher welfare standards being met and produce being grown to strict standards about the use of pesticides.
The majority of terms do still come down to the manufacturers' interpretation of the guidance, but that's not to say that manufacturers can just say what they please. Trading Standards and other regulatory bodies can step in if manufacturers are wildly misinterpreting terms to suit their needs. Which? is campaigning for clearer EU labelling rules.
* For more information on healthy eating, visit http://www.which.co.uk/campaigns/food-and-health/healthy-eating-for-all/
Sharon OsbourneSharon Osbourne slams Prince Harry and Meghan in scathing rantThe Duke and Duchess confirmed they will stop carrying out royal duties from the spring, will stop using HRH and will repay the taxpayers' millions spent on their home
TwitterRylan Clark-Neal's heartbreaking calls for Twitter action after homophobic death threatsThe TV star said he regularly receives death threats and faces homophobic slurs on Twitter


MOCN represents more than 300 truck drivers, who have driven on the Middle East.
A unique profession, with unique travel experiences, which are worth to preserve and to pass.
Their stories, photos and videos give a nice picture of this adventurous and sometimes dangerous job.
We have so much to tell!
Hans Antonise: Nog maar enkele kilometers naar Mecca.
Hans Jalving en Bertus Dusselaar: wachtend en relaxend bij de douane.
Jan Koster uit Ens heeft even tijd voor een fotootje.
Ger van Rens neemt even een lunchpauze langs de TAP line in Saudi-Arabie.
(12) The Volvo F89 of Stolk Middle East can still be ordered!
(13) The Volvo F89 of Hermann Ludwig can now be ordered!
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