text:
UNITEDNATIONS
Convention on theRights of the Child
CRC/C/VEN/CO/2
Forty-sixth session
CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIESUNDER ARTICLE 44 OF THE CONVENTION
Concluding observations: Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
The Committee considered the second periodic report of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela(CRC/C/VEN/2) at its 1274th and 1275th meetings (see CRC/C/SR.1274 and CRC/C/SR.1275), held on 28 September 2007, and adopted at its 1284th meeting, held on 5 October 2007the following concluding observations.
A.Introduction
The Committee welcomes the submission of the State party's second periodic report despite the considerable delay as well as the detailed written replies to its list of issues (CRC/C/VEN/Q/2/Add.1) submitted in a timely manner, and regrets the technical problems with ensuring that the replies were translated on time. The Committee appreciated the dialogue with the high-level, multisectoral delegation. The Committee notes that the State party's report did not fully comply with the guidelines for the submission of the reports.
B. Follow-up measures undertaken and progress achieved by the State party
The Committee notes with appreciation the adoption of many legislative(and programmatic) measures taken with a view to implementing the Convention, including:
Articles 75, 76, 78 (1999) of the Constitution recognizing children as subjects of rights;
The Child and Adolescent Protection Act (LOPNA) (2000);
GE.07-44590The Special Computer Crime Law (2001);
The Organized Crime Act (2005);
The Law for the Protection of Children and Adolescents in Places for Internet, Videogames and other Multimedia Uses (2006);
The Community Council Law (2006);
The Right of Women to a Life Free of Violence Act (2006);
The Organic Law for Handicapped People or Persons with Special Needs (2007).
The Committee also wishes to welcome the ratification of or accession to:
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on 7 June 2000;
The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography on 8 May 2002;
The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict on 23 September 2003;
The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime on 13 May 2002;
ILO Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour, 1999 (No. 182) on 26 October 2005.
C. Main subjects of concern and recommendations
(art. 4, 42 and 44, para 6 of the Convention)
The Committee's previous recommendations
The Committee notes that several concerns and recommendations made upon the consideration of the State party's initial report (CRC/C/15/Add.109) have been addressed. However, it regrets that some of its concerns and recommendations have been insufficiently or only partly addressed, including those related to discrimination, definition of the child, data collection and cooperation with NGOs.
The Committee urges the State party to take all necessary measures to address those recommendations from the concluding observations of the initial report that have not yet been implemented or sufficiently implemented, particularly in relation to discrimination, definition of the child, data collection and cooperation with NGOs, and to provide adequate follow-up to the recommendations contained in the present concluding observations on the second periodic report.
Legislation and implementation
The Committee welcomes the adoption of the Child and Adolescent Protection Act (LOPNA) in 2000 and the establishment of the National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (CNDNA), but is seriously concerned that the current reform of the LOPNA might prove incompatible with the principles and provisions of the Convention and that strengthening the competence of the Federal States could weaken the system of protection as a result of increased centralization.
The Committee urges the State party to adopt a revised LOPNA as soon as possible, to ensure that it complies with the Convention taking into account, in particular, the Committee's General Comment No. 5 regarding the General Measures of Implementation (2003), and to use the opportunity of reform to strengthen protection and participation for children.
The Committee recommends that the State party ensure, throughadequate legal provisions and regulations, that all children victims and orwitnesses of crimes, e.g. children victims of abuse, domestic violence, sexualand economic exploitation, abduction, and trafficking as well as witnesses ofsuch crimes, are provided with the protection required by the Convention,and take fully into account the United Nations Guidelines on Justice inMatters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (annexed toEconomic and Social Council resolution 2005/20 of 22 July 2005).
National Plan of Action
The Committee regrets that there is no comprehensive plan of action specifically dedicated to children and the implementation of the Convention.
The Committee encourages the State party to elaborate a comprehensive National Plan of Action for children in consultation with civil society representatives specialized in the area of children's rights, children's organizations and all other sectors involved in the promotion and protection of children's rights. Such a plan should have effective mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation as well as the necessary resources for its implementation. The Committee recommends that the State party include in the National Plan of Action the principles and provisions of the Convention as well as the outcome document of the United Nations General Assembly Special Session in May 2002 entitled 'A World Fit For Children' and link the National Plan of Action to sectoral plans that deal with children.
The Committee notes that progress has been made in the field of social well-being for citizens through a variety of social reform programmes, including the missions, but is concerned that the missions establish parallel policies and structures and that their constructive experiences are not transferred to the existing structures.
The Committee encourages the State party to bring successful social missions in line with the institutional framework of children's rights in order to strengthen the implementation of the provisions of the Convention and enhance evaluation and transparency.
The Committee notes that the State party has an advanced system of protection of children's and adolescents' rights, legislation generally in conformity with the Convention, as well as institutions for children's rights at different levels. However, the Committee regrets the lack of an adequate coordination mechanism to enable effective linkages between its various governmental and non-governmental institutions at the different levels.
The Committee recommends that the State party ensure that an adequate mechanism of coordination is established which links all the efforts by the various sectors of the Sistema Rector para la Protección Integral para la Infancia y la Adolecencia as a whole and at all levels.
The Committee notes that the State party has established la Defensoría del Pueblo (Ombudsman's Office) with a Special Directorate for Children's and Adolescents' Rights, but regrets its lack of presence across the country. While recognizing the services of the Defensorías Municipales, the Committees emphasizes that there is a lack of information about the coordination of these services with the Ombudsman's Office.
The Committee encourages the Defensoría del Pueblo to ensure its presence in every municipality in coordination with the Defensorías Municipales' services in order to ensure that all children have effective and accessible remedies in case of violations of their rights. The Committee recommends that the State party ensure the independence of the Ombudsman, in line with the. Principles relating to the status and functioning of national institutions for protection and promotion of human rights (Paris Principles).
The Committee observes with satisfaction that resources are allocated as established by the legal framework of LOPNA targeting children and that these are distributed through the Funds for the Protection of Children and Adolescents at the national, state and municipal levels. The Committee notes that a significant increase of budget to social policies through public sector investments and social missions has taken place, but regrets that it remains difficult to disaggregate the precise spending on children in the total public expenditures.
The Committee recommends that the State party, in accordance with art. 4 of the Convention, develop its general budget, including the budgets of different missions, in a more systematic manner so that resources and investments for children are more transparent, making it easier to monitor spending.
The Committee notes the efforts and actions in the area of children's rights, including by the National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents and the National Statistics Institute, aimed at increasing visibility of children in national indicators and statistics. It also takes note of the delegation's acknowledgement of the need to improve the national statistical information system in relation to children's and adolescents' rights, both in the production of data and in public access. The Committee remains concerned, however, at the lack of disaggregated data and indicators which would allow for efficient monitoring of plans and actions, including the monitoring of budgetary allocations and expenditures.
The Committee recommends that the State party continue and strengthen its efforts to develop a comprehensive system of collection of data on the implementation of the Convention. The data should cover all children's rights for all children under 18. It should also be disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic group, indigenous children and children of Afro-descendants as well as those groups of children in need of special protection, such as children in detention, children requiring mental health assistance, children with disabilities, children in street situations, working children and refugee children. The Committee encourages the State party to further its cooperation with UNICEF and other agencies in this regard.
Dissemination and training
The Committee recognizes the measures undertaken to disseminate information about the content of the Convention, but remains concerned at the lack of awareness of the Convention in the public in general and amongst children and professionals in particular.
The Committee recommends that the State party strengthen its efforts to disseminate the Convention throughout the country and to raise public awareness, in particular among children themselves, parents, teachers and authorities about its principles and provisions. Cooperation with civil society organizations, such as academic centres, media and NGOs should be strengthened for this purpose.
Furthermore, the Committee encourages the State party to strengthen its efforts to provide adequate and systematic training and/or sensitization on children's rights to professional groups working with and for children, in particular law enforcement officials, as well as parliamentarians, judges, lawyers, health personnel, teachers, school administrators and others as required. The Committee encourages the State party to continue to seek technical assistance from UNICEF and the Inter-American Institute of the Child for the training of professionals.
The Committee acknowledges the numerous initiatives and contributions of organizations of civil society in the development of the Sistema de Protección Integral para la Infancia y la Adolecencia while noting that such cooperation is decreasing. It is concerned by the lack of participation of NGOs, children's organizations and all other relevant partnersin the reporting process and that the reform of LOPNA might narrow the operating space for non-governmental organizations specialized on children's rights.
The Committee recommends that the State party encourage dialogue and cooperation with all civil society organizations, including the Consejos Sociales Municipales, children's organizations and all other relevant partners active and systematically involved with children's rights. The Committee recommends that the State party encourage their active participation in the follow-up of the concluding observations of the Committee, in the process of preparation of its next reports and in the evaluation of the National Plan of Action.
2. Definition of the child
(art. 1 of the Convention)
The Committee is concerned that the minimum age of marriage for girls is too low and that there is a difference between the ages for girls (14 years) and boys (16 years).
The Committee recommends that the State party establish a minimum age of marriage which is the same for girls and boys and consider raising the age to 18 years. Furthermore, it is encouraged to undertake sensitivity campaigns regarding the possible negative effects of teenage marriages.
The Committee notes that the age of consumption of alcohol is not specified.
The Committee recommends that the State party establish a minimum age for consumption of alcohol.
(art. 2, 3, 6 and 12 of the Convention)
The Committee notes that the State party has made significant improvements in the area of non-discrimination but wishes to point out that the State party's report does not provide sufficient information on plans, programmes and projects aimed at preventing and reducing discrimination due to ethnicity, sex, disabilities, political affiliation, religion or parents' social or economic status.
The Committee requests that specific information be included in the next periodic report on the measures and programmes relevant to the Convention of the Rights of the Child undertaken by the State party to provide special protection to excluded categories of the population and to follow up on the Declaration and Programme of Action adopted at the 2001 World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, also taking into account the Committee's General Comment No. 1 on article 29, paragraph 1 of the Convention (aims of education).
Best interests of the child
The Committee notes that the State party has included the principle of the best interests of the child as one of the components of the law and has established guidelines to be adhered to by all relevant actors, in particular in the administration, but regrets that the understanding of this principle is not well reflected in practice.
The Committee recommends that the State party fully incorporate the principle of the best interests of the child into all of its programmes, policies, legislative, judicial and administrative procedures and promote its application.
Right to life, survival and development
The Committee notes the existence of the Inter-Institutional Plan of Action against Violence (2006-2007) but regrets the lack of information regarding its outcomes. The Committee notes the State party's investigations into cases of violations of the right to life but is deeply concerned at reports of extrajudicial killings of children at the hands of law enforcement officialsand deaths of children in police custody.
The Committee urges the State party to ensure that its law enforcement officers are held fully responsible for any violation of the right to life, that all such cases are immediately investigated by an independent body, and that those responsible are held accountable. The Committee invites the State party to provide information on the outcome of the Inter-Institutional Plan of Action in its next report.
Respect for the views of the child
The Committee welcomes the fact that young adolescents can vote at the municipal level at the age of 15 following the Community Council Act as well as other initiatives such as the Youth Municipal Government and the Youth Councils, and appreciates the general practice that children are heard in judicial and administrative proceedings. Nevertheless, the Committee remains concerned that the creation of spaces for children to be heard is not stimulated sufficiently and is primarily left up to NGOs.
The Committee reiterates its recommendation that the State party strengthen its efforts to further promote, facilitate and implement - within the family and in school, the community and institutions as well as in judicial and administrative proceedings - the principle of respect for the views of the child while taking into account the recommendations adopted by the Committee after the Day of General Discussion on the right of the child to be heard in 2006.
4. Civil rights and freedoms
(art. 7, 8, 13-17 and 37(a) of the Convention)
Birth registration
The Committee welcomes the various initiatives and achievements made infacilitating registration of children at birth, such as the National Plan for Identity "Yo Soy" which set up hospital birth units to ensure every child was registered immediately following birth. However, the Committee is concerned about the negative impact in this regard of Decree No. 2819 of 30 September 1998 providing that parents must be duly documented in order to register their children born within the territory of the State party.
The Committee encourages the State party, in partnership with UNICEF, to continue its efforts to ensure that all children within its territory are registered at birth, including children of undocumented foreigners and those belonging to indigenous groups and immigrant families.
Access to appropriate information
The Committee notes that the normative framework guarantees the right to information but is concerned about the quality of the TV and radio programmes and their compatibility with a child rights approach. The Committee is also concerned that indigenous children and children of Afro descendants do not receive sufficient information relevant to their needs.
The Committee encourages the State party to ensure that public programmes are consistent with children's rights in all sectors of the population.
Torture and degrading treatment
The Committee notes programmes on violence against children but is concerned about allegations of ill-treatment and reported sub-standard conditions of prisons throughout the country; it remains concerned about the fact that children continue to be kept in extremely poor prison conditions and by reports of children dying in custody.
The Committee recommends that the State party strengthen its efforts to improve prison conditions and take measures to ensure that children are not subjected to torture and inhuman, degrading treatment or punishment; it further urges the State party to take all steps to investigate alleged violations and punish those responsible.
(art. 5; 9-11; 18 (paras 1-2); 19-21; 25; 27 (para 4); and 39 of the Convention)
The Committee notes that the legislative framework established the principle of protection of children and their families but that very little information has been made available to the Committee on its practice, apart from that received from the missions.
The Committee recommends that the State party continue existing programmes and strengthen support to families in order to prevent separation of children, e.g. by counselling, parenting advice and financial allowances, and calls on the State party to provide further information in its next report.
The Committee welcomes the fact that the State party has legislated that poverty is not a sufficient cause for separating a child from his/her parents and that significant progress has been made in removing children from institutions. The Committee notes that the State party favours placing children with a substitute family or placing them up for adoption. The Committee is nevertheless concerned that placing children in institutions remains a prevalent practice.
The Committee recommends that the State party continue its efforts to provide programmes and adequate care, give priority to family solutions for children and adolescents deprived of a family environment, and continue to promote foster care as a form of alternative care. The Committee suggests that institutionalization be used only as a last resort, taking into account the best interests of the child. Furthermore, the Committee recommends adequate resource allocation, functioning and monitoring of care institutions, including those managed by NGOs, foster care programmes, as well as periodic review of placement in conformity with art. 25 of the Convention and the recommendations issued after the General Day of Discussion on children without parental care in 2005.
The Committee welcomes the establishment of a National Bureau and several State offices for the purpose of facilitating adoption, and notes that the State party has amended its legislation relating to intercountry adoption in accordance with the obligations established under the 1993 Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption (Hague Adoption Convention). Notwithstanding, it remains concerned at the unjustified delays and procedural obstacles to the adoption process.
The Committee recommends that the State party take measures in order to avoid unjustifiable delays in adoption procedures by:
(a)Strengthening the multidisciplinary teams with trained professionals and necessary resources; and
(b)Encouraging the Ombudsman to regularly review the adoption system so that it complies with article 21 of the Convention and the Hague Adoption Convention of 1993 and to ensure that the State party processes adoptions in a timely manner.
The Committee takes notes of various programmes on violence against children but is concerned about allegations of neglect, domestic violence and sexual abuse. It is also concerned at the difficulties of children in accessing free helplines.
The Committee recommends inter alia that the State party ensure that a three digit toll-free 24-hour helpline for children is accessible throughout the country.
Follow-up to the United Nations Study on Violence against Children
With reference to the United Nations Secretary-General's study on violence against children, the Committee recommends that the State party:
(a)Take all necessary measures to implement the recommendations of the United Nations Study on violence against children (A/61/299), taking into account the outcome and recommendations of the Regional Consultation for Latin America held in Argentina between 30 May and 1 June 2005. In particular, the Committee recommends that the State party pay particular attention to the following recommendations:
Prohibit all violence against children, including corporal punishment in all places;
Prioritize prevention, including interfamily violence;
Ensure accountability and end impunity; and
Develop and implement systematic national data collection and research.
(b)Use the recommendations of the Study as a tool for action in partnership with civil society and, in particular, with the involvement of children to ensure that all children are protected from all forms of physical, sexual and psychological violence and to gain momentum for concrete and time-bound actions to prevent and respond to such violence and abuse; and
(c)Seek technical cooperation in this respect from OHCHR, UNICEF and WHO and other relevant agencies, inter alia ILO, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNODC as well as NGO partners.
The Committee welcomes the information provided by the delegation that corporal punishment will be prohibited but is concerned that corporal punishment is still lawful. Furthermore, the Committee is concerned that abuse and ill treatment of children are underreported.
The Committee urges the State party to adopt and implement new laws explicitly prohibiting corporal punishment in all settings, including in the home, to conduct awareness-raising and public education campaigns against corporal punishment, and to promote non-violent, participatory methods of childrearing and education while taking due account of the Committee's General Comment No. 8 on the right of the child to protection from corporal punishment and other cruel or degrading forms of punishment (2006) as well as the recommendation in the United Nations Secretary-General's Study on Violence against Children that all corporal punishment of children be prohibited by 2009.
(art. 6; 18 ( para 3); 23; 24; 26; 27 ( paras 1-3) of the Convention)
The Committee welcomes the recently adopted Handicapped and Persons with Special Needs Act (2007) but is not sure how this instrument will affect children specifically. The Committee is concerned at the lack of data on the number of children with disabilities who are currently receiving educational services in the regular educational system. Furthermore, the Committee is concerned that current categories do not cover all categories of disability.
The Committee recommends that the State party, taking into account General Comment No. 9 (2006) on the rights of children with disabilities (CRC/C/GC/9):
Ensure that all children with disabilities receive education and encourage the inclusion of children with disabilities in regular schools;
Implement the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December 1993;
Undertake an in depth study on the prevention of disabilities;
Make greater efforts to provide the necessary professional (i.e. disability specialists) and financial resources, especially at the local level, and to promote and expand community-based rehabilitation programmes, including parent support groups;
Sign and ratify the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol.
Health and health services
The Committee welcomes the variety of social programmes for the promotion of a healthy life and the health and integral development of children through increased investments in primary health care and the social missions, which have resulted inter alia in a drop in child mortality. Nevertheless, the Committee remains concerned at the high rates of neonatal and maternal mortality and declining vaccination coverage. The Committee is also concerned about the parallel nature of the health missions.
The Committee recommends that the State party:
Strengthen its efforts to reduce neonatal and maternal mortality throughout the country by the provision of quality care and facilities;
Continue to address the problem of malnutrition and low vaccination rates, with special emphasis on rural and remote areas and among refugees and the indigenous populations;
Adopt and enforce the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes; and
Integrate the Barrio Adentro health mission and the public health network so they complement each other, especially regarding hospital infrastructure, supply of medicines and technological equipment, qualified personnel, and quality of care and attention provided.
The Committee welcomes the nationwide awareness-raising programmes regarding contraception but is concerned that maternal mortality of adolescents continues to be a significant health problemand that many girls die due to unsafe abortions.
The Committee recommends that the State party continue to strengthen its awareness-raising programmes involving adolescents and families regarding sexual relations and ensure compliance with Resolution 1762 of the Ministry of Education (1996) whereby pregnant teenagers have the right to continue with their studies in all the schools of the country and the State party must do its utmost to strengthen policies and programmes aimed at avoiding harmful consequences and/or the death of teenagers due to unsafe abortions.
The Committee notes that there is free access to retroviral medication for persons living with HIV/AIDS but is concerned at reports of discrimination against children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDSand the lack of adequate treatment for pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission. The Committee is further concerned about underreporting and the lack of rules governing the transfer of children to other regions for treatment.
The Committee recommends that the State party ensure that discrimination and other forms of irregularities against children living with HIV/AIDS are corrected and provide adequate medical services for pregnant women in order to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
The Committee welcomes the State party's efforts to reduce poverty through its social programmes, especially via the missions, but remains concerned that children continue to be most affected by poverty and that measures to protect children are not sufficient.
The Committee recommends that the State party (a) strengthen its efforts to combat poverty, in particular evaluate the measures applied to protect children against poverty and its impact on children's development and well-being, and (b) reduce the extreme social and economic inequalities among families and children, in accordance with article 27 of the Convention.
7. Education, leisure and cultural activities
(art. 28, 29 and 31 of the Convention)
Education, including vocational training and guidance
The Committee welcomes the fact that children's education is a top priority in terms of government policy and that progress is evident with regard to children's enrolment and expanded provisions for disadvantaged children in school. However, the Committee remains concerned that:
(a)Enrolment rates are still not satisfactory, in particular in preschool and secondary school;
(b)The dropout rate is high after the first grade and in upper grades;
(c)Enrolment rates for indigenous children, Afro-descendants and children living in rural areas are low;
(d)Bureaucratic obstacles make it hard for refugee and asylum-seeking children to continue their education; and
(e) The quality of education is unsatisfactory.
Strengthen efforts to increase enrolment in preschool care and education facilities and in the higher grades of primary schools as well as in secondary schools, in particular in the rural and remote border areas and with respect to indigenous children;
Facilitate the enrolment of refugee and asylum-seeking children by removing administrative obstacles to their inclusion in the educational system on an adequate grade level and ensure full implementation of their right to education;
Strengthen early childhood development programmes for all children up to the age of 8 years;
Effectively reduce dropout rates of children beginning their education in schools and of children in the higher grades, and provide opportunities for children who have dropped out to re-enter educational institutions;
Promote the quality of education via the reform of curricula and the introduction of instruction and learning methods which stimulate the active participation of children, and train teachers in teacher training colleges as well as those in service accordingly;
Include human rights education in the curriculum on all levels with a focus on the right of children to voice their view and to find respect for their views in all matters affecting them in the organization of learning and social life in schools;
Provide vocational education and training enabling all children to enter the labour market with basic preparation as well as, according to capacity and motivation, specific skills training which facilitates a sound occupational life perspective.
8. Special protection measures
(art. 22; 30; 32-36; 37 (b-d); 38; 39; 40 of the Convention)
Refugee children
The Committee takes note of the establishment of the National Commission for Refugees and its four decentralized technical secretariats and notes the recognition that refugee children and asylum seekers should enjoy respect and have their human rights guaranteed at all times. However, it is concerned that the refugee status determination procedure is seriously hampered due to lack of shared responsibility between the National Commission for Refugees and child protection institutions.
The Committee recommends that the State party establish institutional agreements between the National Commission for Refugees and child protection institutions, especially the Consejo Estatal de Derechos del Niño y del Adolescente (CEDNA) centres. The Committee further recommends that the State party ensure rapid access to age-sensitive refugee status determination procedures and subsequent assistance for unaccompanied and separated children. Finally, the Committee recommends that the State party take note of the Committee's General Comment No. 6 on the treatment of unaccompanied and separated children outside their country of origin and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict.
Economic exploitation, including child labour
The Committee notes the establishment of the National Programme of Protection of Child Workers (PRONAT) and the resources that have been allocated to prevention of the economic exploitation of children, but regrets the lack of information about the reality and extent of children engaged in labour and is concerned at allegations that children are involved in the worst forms of child labour in slavery-like conditions.
The Committee recommends that the State party undertake an evaluation of PRONAT, determine the numbers and categories of children working informally or formally in the economy, and take all necessary measures to protect children from economic exploitation. The Committee recommends that the State party give special attention to the worst forms of child labour in accordance with ILO Convention No. 182 (1999) on the worst forms of child labour.
Children in street situations
The Committee welcomes the establishment of the pilot Action Plan for children living on the streets. However, the Committee is concerned at the inadequate living conditions of these children and at the allegations of discrimination and violence by law enforcement officials.
Extend the pilot Action Plan for children living on the streets to all parts of the country to prevent and address the problems of street children;
Ensure that street children are provided with adequate nutrition and shelter as well as with health care and educational opportunities in order to support their full development, and provide them withadequate protection and assistance, taking into account article 12.
Sexual exploitation, trafficking and sale of children
The Committee notes that a Plan of Action against Sexual Abuse and Exploitation has been adopted and that general guidelines have been developed for the protection of victims of trafficking. The Committee regrets the lack of information and data on the sexual exploitation and sale of children as well as the impact of the Plan of Action.
The Committee recommendsthat the State party establish mechanisms that facilitate the implementation and monitoring of the plans and programmes of Government and NGOs on the subjects of trafficking, sexual exploitation and sale of children. The Committee invites the State party to include comprehensive information regarding these issues and the impact of the Plan of Action in its next report with reference to the Optional Protocol.
The Committee welcomes the clear status afforded to young offenders with regard to procedural rights but notes that the system of juvenile justice is not fully in compliance with the Convention and international standards. In particular, it has not been clearly demonstrated that specialized justice is available to children or that they are systematically separated from adults in prisons.
The Committee recommends that the State party ensure that all juvenile justice standards are fully implemented, in particular articles 37 (b), 40 and 39 of the Convention, as well as the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice ('the Beijing Rules'), the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency ('the Riyadh Guidelines') and the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty ('the Havana Rules'). In particular the Committee recommends that the State party, while taking into account the Committee's General Comment No. 10 on the administration of juvenile justice (2007):
Take all necessary measures, including the adoption of a permanent policy of alternative sanctions for juvenile offenders, and continue to ensure that children are held in detention only as a last resort and for as short a time as possible and that the deprivation of liberty is reviewed on a regular basis;
Take all necessary measures to ensure that when detention is carried out, it is done in compliance with the law and respects the rights of the child as set out under the Convention and that children are held separately from adults both in pretrial detention and after sentencing for the entire period of deprivation of liberty;
Take all necessary measures to ensure that children are not ill-treated in detention, that conditions in detention facilities are not contrary to the child's development, that their rights, including visitation rights, are not violated, and that cases involving juveniles are brought to trial as quickly as possible;
Consider raising the age of criminal responsibility;
Seek technical assistance and other cooperation from the Interagency Panel on Juvenile Justice, which includes UNODC, UNICEF, OHCHR and NGOs.
Children belonging to minorities and indigenous peoples
The Committee notes that the State party has created a new Ministry to deal with indigenous issues but is concerned that, despite the efforts made, insufficient progress has been made with regard to the protection of indigenous peoples. The Committee regrets that mortality rates due to preventable diseases continue to run high amongst the indigenous population and is concerned at reports of deaths due to malnutrition. The Committee is also concerned that girls are at higher risk for sexual exploitation and that there is a tendency not to report complaints.
The Committee recommends that the State party enhance the situation of indigenous children by inter alia;
Strengthening efforts to improve living conditions in areas inhabited by indigenous peoples.
Increasing its efforts to prevent health-related diseases and particularly malnutrition amongst indigenous children;
Initiating programmes to reduce the sexual vulnerability of girls belonging to indigenous peoples;
Stepping up its efforts to implement educational strategies adapted to indigenous children; and
Creating spaces for the participation of indigenous children between themselves and with non-indigenous children.
The Committee welcomes the creation of the Network of Afro-descendant Organizations and notes that there is a lack of reliable statistics and social indicators related to the situation of the Afro-descendant population. The Committee also notes that there are discriminatory practices against children of Afro-descendants.
The Committee recommends that the State party take steps to address these issues, inter alia by including specific questions regarding the Afro-descendant population in its next census or national polls in order to enhance understanding about the particular challenges faced by this population.
9. Optional Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child
The Committee reminds the State party that its initial reports under both the Optional Protocols to the Convention were due in 2004 and 2005 respectively, and encourages their speedy submission, if possible, at the same time, in order to facilitate the review process.
10. Follow-up and Dissemination
The Committee recommends that the State party take all appropriate measures to ensure that the present recommendations are fully implemented, inter alia by transmitting them to the members of the Council of Ministers, the National Assembly, the Citizen's Power, the Governors and Legislative Councils at the State level as well as to the Councils and Mayors at the municipal level, for appropriate consideration and further action.
The Committee recommends that the second periodic report and written replies submitted by the State party and the related recommendations (concluding observations), as adopted by the Committee, be made widely available in the different languages of the country and to the public at large, including by use of the Internet and the media so that it reaches civil society organizations, youth groups, professional groups, children and adolescents, their teachers and educational staff directors and other staff in regular contact with children and adolescents, such as physicians, district attorneys and judges, with the purpose of generating debate and awareness of the Convention, its implementation and monitoring.
11.Next report
The Committee invites the State party to submit its combined third, fourth and fifth reports on the implementation of the Convention by April 2011.
The Committee also invites the State party to submit an updated core document in accordance with the requirements of the Harmonized guidelines on reporting under the international human rights treaties, including guidelines on a common core document and treaty-specific documents, approved by the 5th Inter-Committee Meeting of the Human Rights Treaty Bodies in June 2006 (HRI/MC/2006/3).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Urban One reveals what it will pay to acquire Emmis stations
Monday, June 20, 2022 04:54 PM EDT Updated: Monday, June 20, 2022 10:51 PM EDT
By Samm Quinn, Indianapolis Business Journal
(IIB Photo/Alex Brown)
Urban One will pay $25 million to acquire Emmis Communications Corp.'s Indianapolis radio stations, according to details of the deal disclosed in a Friday filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Last week, Indianapolis-based Emmis announced an agreement to sell the radio stations in its home market to the Maryland-based company. At that time, the companies had not disclosed the sale price.
The stations include WIBC-FM 93.1, WYXB-FM 105.7 (B105), WLHK-FM 97.1 (Hank FM), and WFNI-FM 93.5 and 105.5 (both known as The Fan). The deal also includes Network Indiana, which provides news, talk and spots programming to more than 70 stations in Indiana.
In anticipation of the transaction, Urban One, which already operates some local radio stations, will sell WHHH-FM 96.3 (Hot 96.3) along with the intellectual property related to Radio Now (WNOW-FM 100.9) to a third party.
Emmis will continue to operate its stations and Urban One will operate WHHH until the transaction closes, which is expected to happen in the third quarter.
After the sale, Emmis will still own Indianapolis Monthly magazine and two radio station licenses in New York City, as well as several new ventures that focus on sales and marketing.


MacKenzie Camp is now accepting applications for the positions of Camp Director, Assistant Director, First Aid Attendant, Waterfront Director, and Head Cook for the 2019 camping season. Work commences in mid-May with our spring program and concludes in mid-August after the last of our summer camps.
We are also accepting applications for six Camp Counsellor positions and one Assistant Cook. Their training and work commence June 30, and work ends August 17.
Please email your completed application form and resume to maccamp@shaw.ca or mail to Personnel Committee, MacKenzie Camp, PO Box 133, Armstrong, BC V0E 1B0. Applications for the position of Camp Director close February 28, 2019. Applications for the positions of Assistant Director, First Aid Attendant, and Waterfront Director closed March 15, 2019. Applications for the position of Camp Counsellor close March 31, 2019. We will be accepting applications for the positions of Head Cook and Assistant Cook until April 14.


In this game I will say 3 related words.
and to add 2 more words, related to this word.
I hope you will find it interesting and enjoyable!
Sounds like this will be lots of fun.
Good luck and let's hope we all join in and play.
You are always here for me!
An interesting game of connected words .


text:
Chapter 202.1: Break Apart Mandarin Ducks
Chapter 202.1: Break Apart Mandarin DucksOriginal and most updated translations are on volare. If this is being found anywhere else, it has been stolen. Don't support theft. :)
By the time she came back to her senses, Tang Doudou had already left the palanquin.
Since the Cloud City Lord, Su Yi, was on the large palanquin, the person on the small palanquin was doubtlessly the Young City Lord, Li Xueyi. After Su Yi got out, many people turned and directed their curious gazes towards this direction.
On the Jianghu, the name Li Xueyi was even more widely known than the famous name of Su Yi, the City Lord!
All those "grand" things she did made it hard for people to forget her even if they wanted to. In particular, there was the earlier incident where she had been about to marry Baili Yu, the wealthiest individual in the world, with a male identity. That topic had occupied many enthusiastic conversations on the Jianghu for quite a while. As of now, Su Yi had revealed her female identity and brought her back to Cloud City, and even set up such a large matchmaking event. People couldn't help but wonder what Baili Yu thought about this!
It was just that they didn't know whether those two truly had feelings for each other. Outsiders, of course, felt that the relationship was more likely to be fake than real since it was hard to imagine Baili Yu being sincere towards anyone with his fox-like businessman personality.
However, what everyone was truly curious about wasn't this, but rather the question of who exactly would dare to jump out and try to snatch Li Xueyi from Baili Yu.
Tang Doudou had no idea that so many people had already turned to look this way before she even got out. Without any prior preparation, she lifted the golden yellow gauze curtain. She silently chanted in her heart, amitabha Buddha, Buddha please give your blessings and protection, please let everything go smoothly today ah…
It wasn't that she was overthinking, but that she was seriously worried that something would happen today.
Her luck has always been pretty crappy.
As a matter of fact, right after she stepped out she was almost intimidated into retreating back due to all those curious gazes that were also filled with restrained fear.
The fudge? Was there a need to be this focused!?
Luckily, the skin on her face was thick enough. She only panicked for a moment before her calmness returned. Treating those probing gazes as clouds, she ignored them and stepped off the palanquin.
On the other hand, quite a number of people were stunned to see the person that walked out of the palanquin.
They hadn't expected that Li Xueyi was actually this good-looking!
The water blue garment extended till it touched the ground and it glimmered with silver embroidery. The translucent sheer garment draped over as a coat made the outfit seem even more refreshing, like a ripple in water. Her fine black hair was in a simple half-up half down hairstyle and decorated with a single, blue jade plum hairpin. The tassel from the hairpin swayed slightly and drew attention to the delicately exposed ear below it. The snow-white neck and distinct collarbones could be seen from time to time below the loose black hair. The person's features were delicate and exquisite, and her sparkling eyes were especially lively. As she walked, she seemed like a water fairy that was lightly walking over the surface of a lake; the scene was so beautiful, people forgot to breath.
Someone immediately said with an emotional sigh, "This trip has not been made in vain, it has not been in vain ah!"
"And someone had spread rumors that she was ugly! That person must have been blind!"
"The other half that I long for should probably be like this - with peerless talent and beauty capable of toppling a city…"
"Scram! She's mine, you damn fatty!"
"Damned cripple, get out of here! What are you blindly saying!? Are you trying to pick a fight!?"
"If you want to fight then let's fight! You think I'm afraid of you!?"
Tang Doudou was speechless when she heard all of this. She glanced towards the people fighting and found that all of them had vulgar looks, deformed figures, and were practically sights too horrible to endure. She instantly started to despair. This rotten idea of Su Yi's wasn't just rotten on an ordinary level! What if Baili Yu didn't come and these people seized the spotlight? Then would she have to marry one of them…
She suddenly sensed a sharp gaze from the side. It was so intense it felt physical; she couldn't ignore it even if she wanted to. She glanced out of the corner of her eye and saw that it was a masked man, but the person disappeared before she could get a clear look.
A trace of confusion flashed through her eyes. Who was that person?
Just as she was consumed in her thoughts, she sensed a hate-filled gaze. When she shifted her gaze over, she saw that it was Bai Lianhua who she hadn't seen for a long time and was surprised. Why was Bai Lianhua here as well?
Also, she didn't seem to have offended her before, so what was with this gaze?
Wait, Bai Lianhua liked Baili Yu ah! Jealous women were very scary, so in the future she had better stay away from Bai Lianhua!
The surprises didn't stop there. There were quite a lot of familiar people standing not far away from Bai Lianhua. First of all, there was Xi Qiuyue, that drunkard. As usual, he was holding a wine gourd and drinking from it from time to time. He would also glance at her occasionally with a weird expression. When she met his glance, he immediately shifted his gaze to the side and acted as if he didn't see her.
Tang Doudou couldn't help but silently criticize, could you act a little more fake!?
Following that, she became very stirred up because Golden Wind Jade Dew were also in the crowd. They looked towards her with delighted and gratified expressions that also contained a hint of guilt.
They were probably still feeling guilty for not being able to help during the last incident when she had been arrested.
Tang Doudou decided that no matter what, after this crappy martial arts matchmaking competition was over, she had to make Su Yi invite Big Brother Yu and the others to the City Lord Residence as guests!
Then there was also Jun Xin, Yuner, and the rest.
Elder Yu definitely wouldn't miss an event as big as this. His gaze was unreadable as he watched her leave the palanquin.
Credits: Translated by Chiyomira, Edited by ed.L


The 2019 Mercedes-Benz E400 Wagon continues to supply top security scores, exceptional space inside, and all-spherical versatility; it's nonetheless probably the greatest small SUVs, and a very good. Unlike a number of sleeker rivals, the 2019 Mercedes-Benz E400 Wagon requires no cargo-carrying compromises be made in response to a sloping roofline or an angled hatch eating into the out there vertical space. For this evaluate 2019 Mercedes-Benz E400 Wagon EyeSight bundle of security options pre-collision braking, lane-preserving help, adaptive cruise control, and lane-departure warning.
The 2019 Mercedes-Benz E400 Wagon with a bunch of mid-cycle modifications, probably the most noticeable of that are to its exterior. A new grille, front fascia, and headlight design highlight changes to the front of the automotive, whereas redesigned taillights at the moment are illuminated by LEDs. Opting for EyeSight on Limited and Touring models also brings to the desk computerized excessive-beam headlights and reverse-automatic-braking, the latter of which may automatically cease the automobile if it detects an imminent collision whereas reversing.
Moreover, keyword added a quicker steering ratio and extra soundproofing to the New 2019 Mercedes-Benz E400 Wagon New Release. Thicker glass, an acoustically laminated windshield, added insulation, and improved door seals all assist block exterior noise from the cabin. A comfortable experience, an elevated seating place, commonplace all-wheel drive, and obtainable state-of-the-artwork safety expertise provide Subaru's compact crossover with the traits sought by prospects shopping this class.
For those selecting that engine, we'd suggest the handbook transmission; however, doing so means forgoing safety choices equivalent to EyeSight and blind-spot monitoring. Whereas 2019 Mercedes-Benz E400 Wagon newest multimedia programs, up to date for 2016, are ergonomically sound and easy to use, the Forester continues to lack Apple CarPlay or Android Auto integration, and the graphic presentation appears dated.
Find out the most recent images of New 2019 Mercedes-Benz E400 Wagon New Release here, and also you can get the image here simply image posted uploaded by autoadmin that saved in our collection.


SUNOCO ULTRA MULTI-GRADE ENGINE OILS are formulated using high quality base oils and additive packages for use in gasoline fueled engines. These oils are formulated for excellent wear protection and resist viscosity and thermal breakdown.
SUNOCO ULTRA MULTI-GRADE ENGINE OILS offer excellent detergency for engine cleanliness, easy cold weather starting, and engine protection under a wide variety of operating conditions. Their superior formulas help reduce deposits, protect high-performance engines, and help reduce engine wear and corrosion.
SUNOCO ULTRA 10W-40 is recommended for use in gasoline fueled automobiles and light duty trucks where a higher viscosity oil is preferred or where API SN, SM, SL, SJ, or SH product is required. SUNOCO ULTRA GT 20W-50 is recommended for use in high performance engines found in race and rally driving. It has a higher viscosity that provides engines with full protection under higher operating speeds, temperatures, and other adverse conditions.


We strive to offer payment options for services as convenient as possible while at the same time maintaining operation of our office in the highest standard of comprehensive care. At the onset of your treatment, we will provide you with an estimate of the total fees expected.
Please understand that it will be an estimate only. Should the need for additional treatment arise during the course of the original treatment plan, the total fees could change. Please be assured that we will notify you of any change in the total fee and obtain your approval prior to proceeding with treatment. Anytime we supply an estimate, this does not guarantee the amount your insurance company will pay toward your treatment (See Plan D below).
You can pay for your office visits and any treatments by cash, check, credit or debit card at the time of treatment. We also accept most major dental insurances, and the Citi Health Card.
For your convenience, we are pleased to accept Care Credit/Capital One Dental Fee Plan/the Citi® Health Card - click on the link below for more information.
Please take a moment to review the current financial options available through our office. Should you need assistance with financial options at any time, my staff will be available upon your request.
Plan A: Payment in full on the day of each visit with cash, check, or credit card. To demonstrate our appreciation for patients, who are prompt with full payment, we will extend a five percent (5%) reduction of the total fee. We will gladly supply you the information to submit your insurance claim.
Plan B: Payment can be made in installments for patients who qualify. You can begin your treatment with an initial down payment of only fifty percent (50%). The remaining balance is divided into two monthly installments. Special arrangements can be made with our Office Manager to extend the installment period.
Plan C: Long-term financing is available for patients who qualify. Payment can be made through a loan company that specializes in financing dental care. Please see our receptionist for more details and to receive a loan application.
Plan D: For patients with insurance plans, we are happy to process your primary insurance claim as a service to you at no additional charge. If necessary, we will submit a pre-determination of benefits request to your insurance carrier prior to treatment. This allows us to obtain an estimate of your dental benefits and the amount your dental plan expects you to be responsible for. All treatment that your insurance plan does not cover and the amount they expect you to pay will be due on the day of treatment, unless other arrangements have been made. Please be aware that we can not guarantee this estimate and that there may be a balance after insurance pays. Keep in mind that any estimate we provide you with is an estimate and you are responsible for the fees in their entirety.
Secondary Insurance: In order to help keep costs down for our patients, we no longer file secondary insurance claims. We have found that secondary claims can be filed up to a year with little to no payment. This has created much confusion and costs to both the patient and the office. We will be happy to supply you with the information you need to submit a secondary claim. You are responsible for mailing in the secondary claim to the insurance company and tracking your reimbursement. Again, the remaining balance after the primary insurance has paid is your responsibility.
Again, please feel free to contact any of my staff to assist you with any questions regarding the payment option plans described above.
General information about insurance plans: Insurance plans are based upon a contract between your employer and the insurance company. Any dollar amount a plan reimburses for dental services is determined by the benefit plan that your employer has selected. If there are any problems or questions, please contact your insurance company or human resource department.
In order to keep your account in good standing, we request that a payment or payment plan be established at the time services are rendered. We utilize the services of a collection agency when accounts becomes 60 days past due. Additional charges may be incurred by the agency and according to the North Carolina State Law you will be responsible for the fees as well. To clear an account that has been sent to the collections agency, contact Interstate Credit Collections at 336-777-3524.
Your visit has been reserved for you. 48 hour notice is required for cancellation or you will be charged a late cancellation fee of $50.
Please contact the office and you will be directed on how to contact Dr. Pinyan if the Emergency is after hours. If Dr. Pinyan is out of town, there will be a local dentist to cover call. Again, call the office and there will be a detailed voice mail message on how to reach the dentist covering call.
There is an after hour fee if the emergency necessitates opening the office in addition to treatment.


text:
Guest view: Kenosha writes another sad chapter in America
Another Black man is shot by police — this time in Kenosha, Wisconsin. Another night of mostly peaceful protesting devolves into violent damage to property, buildings and vehicles.
And now an Illinois man has been charged with first-degree intentional homicide after two people were killed and another was wounded in the mayhem that reportedly drew armed vigilantes to the southeastern Wisconsin city.
On one side, some protesters have turned to violence — fed up with being victimized and not convinced that peaceful protests will do any good. That's apparently attracted self-appointed, openly armed militia who say their purpose is to protect property from rioters.
Where does that leave us? If America cannot break the cycle of Black men and women in the line of fire from police while also stopping those civilians who want to take the law into their own hands, the violence will likely continue. How many more deaths, injuries and broken and burned buildings will it take?
Jacob Blake, 29, was shot in the back multiple times on Sunday as he walked away from police and leaned into his SUV, with three of his children seated inside. The shooting was captured on cellphone video and ignited protests in the U.S. three months after the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis.
Kenosha police have said little about the incident, other than that they were responding to a domestic dispute and that the investigation is now out of the local department's hands.
On Wednesday, authorities arrested a 17-year-old in Antioch, Illinois, who had been caught on cellphone video in Kenosha on Tuesday night opening fire in the middle of the street with a semi-automatic rifle.
Floyd's death has prompted what can be a productive and healing national discussion on race and justice. But the violence in Kenosha this week will only inflame raw emotions.
Despite calls to dismantle and defund police, police as peacekeepers are needed to protect the majority from the extremists among them. Peaceful protesters, who make up the vast majority of those on the streets, can't control those who take advantage of the situation to destroy property and loot buildings.
And law-abiding business and property owners can't stop the uninvited vigilantes who put out calls on social media to show up at events and protests with military firearms.
"I've had people saying, 'Why don't you deputize citizens?'" Sheriff David Beth told The New York Times. "This is why you don't deputize citizens with guns to protect Kenosha."
That's the right answer, yet a police officer who was caught on video in Kenosha told a group of armed civilians that "we appreciate you being here," according to The Associated Press.
Vigilantism and violence only detract from the work it will take to restore peace in our nation's cities and effectively address the nation's racial and social justice issues. Neither is acceptable, and neither should be tolerated.
— Minneapolis Star Tribune


I recently wrote about a time at Facebook when I got some hard feedback that changed the course of my career. It was so severe that it took me a few days to internalize the feedback. When I finally absorbed the feedback, I was angry.
I wasn't angry about the feedback — that was spot on — I was angry that I hadn't gotten it sooner.
Most people I talked with about it were shocked to hear I didn't know about my own reputation. A few said they assumed somebody else must have told me by this point. One admitted that they felt it wasn't their responsibility to tell me.
It was hard not to be hurt but I had to respect where they were coming from. People found me intimidating, so by definition they weren't enthusiastic to tell me how I affected them. But even for other feedback most of us just prefer to avoid conflict. Even as confrontational as I was back then, these conversations made me realize that I was also guilty of withholding valuable criticism.
Feedback is better late than never but every second of delay denies the subject an opportunity to get better. This is one reason I believe in management, something Facebook lacked at the time. Strong managers have a stated responsibility to collect and disclose the kind of feedback I needed. Performance reviews are time consuming but they ensure no employee ever goes as long as I did without being told how to improve.
Still, management and reviews work at a slow pace in my experience. The impact of feedback is greatest when received as close as possible to the behavior in question. If you have feedback for someone and don't tell them, then they don't have a problem. You have a problem. It only becomes their problem once you tell them.
It takes skill to have hard conversations, but it can be studied, practiced, and improved. And if you master that skill you will find that people want to work with you because you make them better. And at the end of the day we all just want to be better, even if we don't always show it.


Nike honors and celebrates Serena William's commitment to better her community on and off the court with the Nike Flare 2.
Dressed in a White and Black colors cheer. The shoe is offered in a mismatch theme having the right shoe in White and the left in Black. Gold branding adds for a luxurious touch, while having a patterned Swoosh logo wrapping the heel in Green tongues to complete the design.
Look for the Nike Flare 2 "BHM" to release on February 1st at select retailers and Nike.com. The retail price tag is set at $120 USD.


text:
Q: Saving Data from multiple android activity to one Firebase Database Below is the code for both of my activities. By coding like this, the data get stored like this in firebase. This is a snapshot of the stored data:

But I want to store data in firebase like this, I want to store them under enrollment number field like this:

I want to store data from multiple activities under the same child element, like I showed in the second screenshot.
AccountyActivity.java
 private void init() {

    mFusedLocationClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this);
    mSettingsClient = LocationServices.getSettingsClient(this);

    mLocationCallback = new LocationCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onLocationResult(LocationResult locationResult) {
            super.onLocationResult(locationResult);
            // location is received
            mCurrentLocation = locationResult.getLastLocation();
            lot = mCurrentLocation.getLatitude();
            lgt = mCurrentLocation.getLongitude();
            lg = Double.toString(lgt);
            lt = Double.toString(lot);
            mAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();
            FirebaseUser user = mAuth.getCurrentUser();

            UID = user.getUid();
            final DatabaseReference myRootRef = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReferenceFromUrl("https://smartattendance-c896a.firebaseio.com/Users");

            DatabaseReference user1 = myRootRef.child(UID);
            user1.child("Longitude").setValue(lg);
            user1.child("Latitude").setValue(lt);

SignUpActivity.java
private FirebaseAuth mAuth;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_sign_up);

    mAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();

    final DatabaseReference myRootRef = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReferenceFromUrl("https://smartattendance-c896a.firebaseio.com/Users");
    f1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.newUserName);
    f2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.newPassword);
    signUp = (Button) findViewById(R.id.signupbtn);
    signInLink = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.signinlink);
    tnc = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.tnc);
    f3 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.cfmpassword);
    f4 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.enroll);
    signUp.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
            startSignup();
            String Enrollment = f4.getText().toString();

            String email = f1.getText().toString();
            String pass = f2.getText().toString();
            DatabaseReference user = myRootRef.child(Enrollment);
            user.child("Email").setValue(email);
            user.child("Password").setValue(pass);
        }
    });

A: Pass the value from one activity to another:
In the SignupActivity:
Intent i=new Intent(SignUpActivity.this,AccountyActivity.class);
                    i.putExtra("id",Enrollment);

Then in the AccountyActivity do the following:
String id = getIntent().getStringExtra("id");
DatabaseReference myRootRef = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference("Users");
        DatabaseReference ref = myRootRef.child(id);

        Map<String, Object> childUpdates = new HashMap<>();
         childUpdates.put("Longitude", lg);
         childUpdates.put("Latitude",lt);

        ref.updateChildren(childUpdates);

You need to use updateChildren so you do not overwrite the other child nodes.
https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/android/read-and-write#update_specific_fields

A: I have suggestion for you. You have to change a few things.
1. Make a class to write new data (Sign Up Activity)
For example class like this.
UsersInformation.java
package <replace with your package>;
public class UsersInformation {

private long enrollment;
private String email;
private String password;
//Maybe you want to use double, change it to double
private float latitude;
private float longitude;

public UsersInformation() {
}

public UsersInformation(long enrollment, String email, String password, float latitude, float longitude) {
    this.enrollment = enrollment;
    this.email = email;
    this.password = password;
    this.latitude = latitude;
    this.longitude = longitude;
}

public long getEnrollment() {
    return enrollment;
}

public void setEnrollment(long enrollment) {
    this.enrollment = enrollment;
}

public String getEmail() {
    return email;
}

public void setEmail(String email) {
    this.email = email;
}

public String getPassword() {
    return password;
}

public void setPassword(String password) {
    this.password = password;
}

public float getLatitude() {
    return latitude;
}

public void setLatitude(float latitude) {
    this.latitude = latitude;
}

public float getLongitude() {
    return longitude;
}

public void setLongitude(float longitude) {
    this.longitude = longitude;
}
}

SignUpActivity.java
private FirebaseAuth mAuth;
private FirebaseDatabase firebaseDatabase;
private DatabaseReference mRefUsers;

private UsersInformation userInfo;

private long enrollment;
private String email;
private String password;
//Maybe you want to use double, change it to double
private float latitude;
private float longitude;

private void writeNewUser(long enrollment, String email, String password, float latitude, float longitude){
userInfo = new UsersInformation(enrollment, email, password, latitude, longitude);
mRefUsers.child("Users").setValue(userInfo);
}

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_sign_up);
mAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();
firebaseDatabase = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance();
mRefUsers = FirebaseDatabase.getReference();

f1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.newUserName);
f2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.newPassword);
signUp = (Button) findViewById(R.id.signupbtn);
signInLink = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.signinlink);
tnc = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.tnc);
f3 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.cfmpassword);
f4 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.enroll);
signUp.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        startSignup();
        enrollment = f4.getText().toString();
        email = f1.getText().toString();
        password = f2.getText().toString();
        latitude = 0.0
        longitude = 0.0

        writeNewUser(enrollment, email, password, latitude, longitude);
        Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Successfully Registered! Proceed to Main Menu...", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        //Proceed to Accounty Acitivty
        Intent intent = new Intent(getContext(), AccountyActivity.class);
        intent.putExtra("enrollment", enrollment);
        getContext().startActivities(new Intent[]{intent});
    }
});

AccountyActivity.java
private void init() {

mFusedLocationClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this);
mSettingsClient = LocationServices.getSettingsClient(this);

mLocationCallback = new LocationCallback() {
    @Override
    public void onLocationResult(LocationResult locationResult) {
        super.onLocationResult(locationResult);
        // location is received
        mCurrentLocation = locationResult.getLastLocation();
        lot = mCurrentLocation.getLatitude();
        lgt = mCurrentLocation.getLongitude();
        lg = Double.toString(lgt);
        lt = Double.toString(lot);
        mAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();
        FirebaseUser user = mAuth.getCurrentUser();
        UID = user.getUid();

        Intent intent = this.getIntent();
        //Store value
        float enrollment = intent.getExtras().getString("enrollment");

        final DatabaseReference myRootRef = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference().child("Users").child(enrollment);

        DatabaseReference latitudeRef = myRootRef.child("latitude");
        latitudeRef.setValue(lg);

        DatabaseReference longitudeRef = myRootRef.child("longitude");
        longitudeRef.setValue(lt);

Maybe a few things that you have to check.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
EU will introduce cut-off date for combustion cars: Commission head
BERLIN: The European Union plans to introduce an absolute cut-off date after which all manufacturers will have to stop producing combustion-powered cars, the head of its executive commission said.
Ursula von der Leyen said in an interview with Germany's Sueddeutsche Zeitung that even though a dozen European carmakers had already announced they would switch to zero-emissions cars between 2028 and 2035, a legal cut-off date was still needed.
"We will still set out an end date after which, all cars will have to be emissions free," she said, without naming that date. "Otherwise there will be a lack of certainty and we won't achieve our goal of climate neutrality by 2050."
The European Commission on Wednesday unveils its "Fit for 50" package of proposals which, if approved by the 27 member states, would put the bloc – the world's third-largest economy – on track to meet its 2030 goal of reducing planet-warming emissions by 55% from 1990 levels.
The package being released will face months of negotiations between member states and the European Parliament and is likely to be the target of ferocious lobbying efforts by the many industries affected.
Tags: European Commission, European Parliament, European Union, germany s sueddeutsche zeitung, Ursula von der Leyen
PM Modi's Message To Athletes Headed To Tokyo: You Are Reflection Of New India | Olympics News
France tells citizens to exit Afghanistan immediately


text:
The Destruction of the German Garrison in Lenin
Jews confined within smaller ghettos in eastern Europe responded to Nazi German discrimination, persecution, and impending annihilation in a variety of different ways. In Lenin, partisans attacked the German garrison.
German forces occupied Lenin by mid-July 1941. By the end of July 1941, the Nazis had issued instructions for the Jews of Lenin to wear yellow badges on their clothes, and they were forbidden to communicate with the local Belorussians, Poles, and Russians. On May 10, 1942, the Nazis enclosed the Jews within a ghetto. The ghetto in Lenin, like many others in Belorussia, had only limited economic significance. Its main function was to concentrate the Jews and hold them securely until their extermination.
After the liquidation of the Lenin ghetto and the murder of its inhabitants on August 14, 1942, 28 Jews remained alive in Lenin, as they continued to work directly for the Germans as tailors, shoemakers, builders, and photographers. At this time Lubov Rabinovich was ordered to train a group of Belorussian apprentices to take over his trade within one month.
A German garrison of 100 people and 30 local policemen was based in Lenin to protect the town. The Soviet "Kalinin" partisan unit planned an attack on the garrison, assisted by two neighboring units (in total about 150 people). The Jewish fighter Boris Ginsburg was the liaison between the partisan units. On September 12, 1942, the German garrison was suddenly attacked and the partisans inflicted heavy losses, apparently killing 3 German officers (including commandant Grossman), 14 soldiers and 13 policemen. The ghetto quarter was burned down.
The remaining Jews fled to the woods with the partisans. Among them were the shoemaker "Leizer der Shuster" and his wife and daughter; the tailor Mordechai Kravetz; Fanya Lazebnik; the Slutzky family; and the Rabinovich family. In the unit named "Kotovsky," within the Pinsk Soviet partisan formations, some of the escapees worked as tailors. Fanya Lazebnik (who later changed her name to Faye Schulman) joined the Molotov partisan unit and after recovering her camera during a second raid on Lenin also documented her life in the partisans. She migrated to Canada after the war and also published a memoir of her experiences.
Author(s): Leonid Smilovitsky Martin Dean
Article Resistance in the Smaller Ghettos of Eastern Europe
Article Armed Jewish Resistance: Partisans
Article Ghettos
Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
Series: Resistance in the Smaller Ghettos of Eastern Europe
Resistance in the Smaller Ghettos of Eastern Europe
Jewish Youth Movements in Wartime Poland: From Minority to Leadership
Testimony on the Escape from the Mir Ghetto by Eliezer Breslin
Mlynów: "Life under the German Occupation," According to Yehudit Rudolf
Debate within the Lokacze Ghetto
Lachwa
Izak Lichtenstein Testimony Excerpt
Zdziecioł (Zhetel)
The Underground in the Zhetel Ghetto
Stanislawów
Stanislawow (by Nechama Tec)
Partisan Groups in the Parczew Forests
Frank Bleichman
Samuel Gruber
What obstacles and limitations did Jews face when considering resistance? What pressures and motivations may have influenced their decisions and actions?
Are these factors unique to this history or universal?
How can societies, communities, and individuals reinforce and strengthen the willingness to stand up for others?
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933-1945. Vol. 2, Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe, ed. Martin Dean. Bloomington: Indiana University Press in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2012. [Excerpted from p. 1223]
Schulman, Faye (aka Fanya Lazebnik), A partisan's memoir: woman of the Holocaust. Toronto, ON: Second Story Press, 1995.
Tamari, Moshe, ed., Kehilat Lenin: Sefer Zikaron. Tel Aviv: Former residents of Lenin in Israel and USA, 1957.


text:
Q: If I set the pixels for a component , will it behave the same on every monitor? Will the following css :
#search_bar {
  width: 300px;
  margin-left:475px;
  height:27px;
}

generate the same position of search bar on every mointor as in the following snapshot ?

Like units in percentage will show the size accordingly on every monitor,is it the same with pixels ? I mean I try to align the search box as visible in the snapshot in the center but I don't know if it will look the same on broader monitors than mine.

A: Neither monitors nor screen resolution have anything to do with how your element will be positioned.  What matters is the width/height of the viewport (especially since desktop users don't always maximize their browser).  If the viewport is only 300px wide, not only will your element not be centered, it will be so far to the right that it will appear off screen!  If the viewport is 2000px wide, it will be woefully far to the left.
Here are 2 options for perfectly centering an element no matter what the viewport size is.
input.one {
    display: block;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 300px;
}

input.two {
    width: 300px;
    margin-left: -150px; /* half of the element's width */
    position: relative;
    left: 50%;
}

http://jsfiddle.net/bGMck/

A: If you position an element in pixels, that element is said to be absolute positioned. That means users with a different-sized window may not see it centered on the screen.
You could use JavaScript to reposition centered elements like these on page load or a window resize:
function doResize() {
    var elem = document.getElementById('myCenterDiv');
    var ww = window.innerWidth;
    var elemWidth = elem.offsetWidth;
    elem.style.left = (ww - elemWidth) / 2;
}
window.onload = doResize;
window.onresize = doResize;

Or, you could do it the CSS way:
body {
    position: relative;
}
body > #myCenterDiv {
    position: absolute;
    top: 300px;
    width: 100px;
    height: 80px;
    margin: 0 auto; /* This centers the element */
}

A: In older HTML versions there was a thing called <center> which is now not there. In order to center anything in HTML5, in the css write:
margin-left:auto;
margin-right:auto;

This will center any object.
If you dont want it in the center then you may use Javascript:
var screen = screen.availWidth;
var gapPercent = 20;
var gap = gapPercent/screen;
document.getElementById('search_bar').style.margin-left = "gap + 'px'";

I dont know the exact code, please. Try the code and im sure if the document.get...... Thing is written properly then it would work- i havent used js for quite a time.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<settings>
	<meta>
		<name>CSS3.sugar</name>
		<description>CSS3 properties</description>
		<author>Maurice Kühlborn, David Storey</author>
		<identifier>de.minimalweb.Sugar.CSS3</identifier>
		<version status="release">0.2</version>
		<download format="git">git://github.com/dstorey/CSS3.sugar.git</download>
	</meta>
</settings>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Here is a selection of places to visit Santa around Littlehampton/Worthing/Rustington area.
Saturday 26 November 2016 – 10:00 to 16:00, Christmas Fair (St Mary's Church, Broadwater Rd, Worthing BN11 8HT)Christmas Craft market in the Church and a Santa's Grotto.
Saturday 3 December 2016, Christmas in Rustington. There will be Santa's Grotto, an Arts and Crafts fair in the Methodist Church with free workshops and a children's fair.
Saturday 3 December 2016 – 12:30 to 19:00. Father Christmas Grotto at Arundel Museum (Mill Road, Arundel, BN18 9PA). £3 per child. Price includes entrance to the museum for up to two adults and children.
Littlehampton Miniture Railway, 15.30 on Sat 17th 12.00 and 15.30 on Sun 18th: £5.00 for adults and £8.00 for children. The Santa service runs from Norfolk Gardens to Mewsbrook Park (where Santa and his Grotto will be based) and returns to Norfolk Gardens after your visit.
Amberley Museum. Saturday 3rd, Sunday 4th, Saturday 10th, Sunday 11th, Saturday 17th, Sunday 18th and Wednesday 21st December. Santa special, including a visit with Santa.
Field Place Manor House. Winter Wonderland is open from Monday 19th December to Friday 23rd December, 11am to 6pm. £12.50 per child, adults go free!


This four wheel drive 2018 Ford Escape SEL is one of those used cars shoppers seek out for its White exterior with a Charcoal Black Interior. With 12,113 miles this 2018 Escape with a ecoboost 1.5l i4 gtdi dohc turbocharged vct engine is your best buy near Milwaukee, WI.
TECHNOLOGY FEATURES: Multi-zone Climate Control, an Anti Theft System, an Outside Temperature Gauge, and a Single-Disc CD Player. Your White 2018 Ford Escape SEL near Milwaukee is available for immediate test drives in Cudahy, WI.
STOCK# P16234 PRICED BELOW MARKET RETAIL VALUE! Ewalds Venus Ford has this used 2018 Ford Escape SEL competitively priced for a fast sale today. With Ewalds Venus Ford exclusive MAX Allowance® vehicle purchase or trade in program you can use your smartphone to get a Considerate Cash Offer™ and receive a check for your used car, truck, SUV or van today. Ewalds Venus Ford always pays trade in prospects and for sale by owner vehicle sellers in Southern Wisconsin MAX Allowance® for their private seller vehicles. Even if you don't plan to purchase this 2018 Ford Escape SEL from Ewalds Venus Ford; we want to buy your vehicle for MAX Allowance®.
Our Car Dealership near Milwaukee, WI: Call Ewalds Venus Ford today at (414) 236-7442 TO SCHEDULE YOUR TEST DRIVE of this 2018 Ford Escape SEL!
MECHANICAL FEATURES: This Ford Escape comes factory equipped with an impressive ecoboost 1.5l i4 gtdi dohc turbocharged vct engine, an 6-speed automatic transmission. Other installed mechanical features include Heated Mirrors, Traction Control, Power Mirrors, Cruise Control, a Tire Pressure Monitoring System, Intermittent Wipers, a Rear Window Wiper, a Trip Computer, Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers, Power Steering, and a Tachometer. Ewalds Venus Ford is Southeast Wisconsin's only location where you can test drive a new, used or Certified car. That's why more Wisconsin used car shoppers and owners drive to Ewalds Venus Ford in Cudahy for used cars, trucks & SUVs sales, service, parts and accessories.
That's why we offer the MAX Allowance® smartphone communications system where you can share photos, video and vehicle history details with our Seller's Agents. Ewalds Venus Ford will assign you a MAX Allowance® used vehicle Seller's Agent who will work with you to review your vehicle's unique value to our Used Car, Truck & Van Buying Division. Say goodbye to disappointment around the trade in part of your deal when buying this 2018 Ford Escape SEL.
Why utilize Ford Motor Credit Financing? You can use our Ford Dealer car payment calculator to calculate your payment on this White 2018 Ford Escape SEL. Our Ewalds Venus Ford Ford Motor Credit Specialists work with every level of credit and Ford Financing needs. From bad credit car financing to the highest credit scores, our Ford Motor Credit experts offer more and better credit options than used car lots in the Milwaukee area.