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Famous 18th Century Historical Personalities
Find out more about the greatest 18th Century Historical Personalities, including Marie Antoinette, George III of the United Kingdom, Tipu Sultan, Louis XVI of France and Catherine the Great.
Vote for Your Favourite 18th Century Historical Personalities
(Emperor of the French (1804-1814))
Birthplace: Ajaccio, France
Died: May 5, 1821
French military leader Napoleon Bonaparte ruled as the French emperor from 1804 to 1814 and again in 1815. He strengthened France's position in Europe through the Napoleonic Wars and extended his kingdom. However, he was eventually defeated by the Seventh Coalition at the Battle of Waterloo and sent to exile.
(Former Empress of Russia (1762 – 1796))
Birthplace: Pomeranian Dukes' Castle in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
The Empress of Russia for almost 35 years, Catherine the Great was the country's longest-ruling female leader. An ambitious ruler, she rapidly expanded the Russian Empire and is credited with modernizing the country along Western European lines. She supported the ideals of the Enlightenment and the period of her rule—the Catherinian Era—is considered the Golden Age of Russia.
Louis XIV of France
(King of France from 1643 to 1715)
Birthplace: Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
Died: September 1, 1715
Louis XIV of France reigned as the King of France from 1643 to 1715. Louis XIV is the longest-reigning monarch of a sovereign country in the history of Europe. Under his rule, France often asserted its military prowess and emerged as the most dominant European monarchy. His life inspired several films, such as The Taking of Power by Louis XIV.
Emperors & Kings
(Former Queen Consort of France (1774 - 1792))
Birthplace: The Hofburg, Vienna, Austria
The last queen of France before the French Revolution started, Marie Antoinette was married to Louis XVI of France and came to be linked with everything that was wrong with the French monarchy including ignorance and extravagance. Her policies aggravated unrest that eventually led to the abolishment of the monarchy and finally the execution of both king and queen.
Empresses & Queens
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
(Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1707 – 1714))
Birthplace: St James's Palace, Westminster, England
Many biographers consider Anne, the Queen of Great Britain, a weak and irresolute woman. It is said that she lacked political astuteness and was easily influenced by others. Though she was troubled by poor health throughout her life, she became increasingly obese and ill during her 30s and eventually died at the age of 49.
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
(Queen Consort of Great Britain and Ireland (1761 - 1818))
Birthplace: Mirow, Germany
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of King George III, reigned as the queen of Great Britain and Ireland from 1761 to 1818, and her reign saw the two kingdoms unite into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. An amateur art lover and botanist, she also expanded the Kew Gardens.
George III of the United Kingdom
(King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 1760 to 1801)
Birthplace: London, England
The King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for almost six decades, George III had a reign that was longer than those of any of his predecessors. His reign was marked by a series of military conflicts. He suffered from mental illness in his later years.
(Former King of Prussia (1740 - 1786))
Birthplace: Berlin, Germany
Died: August 17, 1786
Prussian king Frederick II, also known as Frederick the Great and The Old Fritz, was the longest-reigning Hohenzollern king. He is known for his involvement in the Silesian Wars and the Partitions of Poland. He also supported art and culture, and reformed the judicial system of Prussia.
(Zulu Emperor)
Birthplace: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Widely regarded as one of the most influential and important monarchs of the Zulu Kingdom, Shaka reigned as the king of the Zulu Kingdom from 1816 to 1828. Through a series of influential and wide-reaching reforms, Shaka was able to re-organize the Zulu military into a formidable force. His life and work inspired the 1986 South African TV series, Shaka Zulu.
(Holy Roman Empress (1745 - 1765))
Birthplace: Vienna, Austria
The mother of 16 children, Maria Theresa was the only female monarch of the Habsburg empire which she ruled with absolute power. She was known for industrial and educational reforms which led to the development of Austria during her 40-year reign. The devout Roman Catholic, who overtly disliked Jews and the Protestants, was sometimes criticized for her religious intolerance.
Louis XVI of France
(King of France)
Birthplace: Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France
Louis XVI of France reigned as the last king of France from 1774 to 1792 before the French Revolution, which ended the monarchy in France. During his reign, Louis made attempts to remove land and labor tax, abolish serfdom, and improve tolerance toward non-Catholics. However, the proposed reforms were opposed by the French nobility.
Louis XV of France
(Former King of France (1715 - 1774))
After losing his parents and his brother to measles, Louis XV became the king of France at the tender age of 5. Known for his extravagances and his reliance on his mistresses, Louis XV was disliked by most. His reign also witnessed judicial reforms and the Seven Years' War.
Paul I of Russia
(Emperor of Russia (1796 - 1801))
Birthplace: Saint Petersburg, Russia
Died: March 24, 1801
Paul I ruled as the Russian emperor from 1796 till his assassination in 1801. He was officially the son of Peter III and Catherine the Great, but it is believed he was sired by Catherine's lover, Sergei Saltykov. Paul established the law of succession to the throne of Russia.
Peter III of Russia
(Emperor of Russia (January 1762 - July 1762))
Birthplace: Kiel, Germany
Peter III of Russia reigned over Russia as the emperor for just six months in 1762 before being deposed by people loyal to his wife Catherine II, who then succeeded him. In his short reign, Peter made progressive reforms, including the abolishment of the secret police, which was renowned for its extreme violence. Peter is often portrayed in films.
Kamehameha I
(King of Hawaii)
Birthplace: Kohala, Hawaii
George II of Great Britain
(Former King of Great Britain & Ireland (1727 - 1760))
Birthplace: Hanover, Germany
George II was the king of Great Britain from 1727 to 1760. He had negligible control over his country's policies, as the Parliament took most of the significant decisions back then. His participation in the 1743 Battle of Dettingen made him the last British monarch to fight in a battle.
Qianlong Emperor
(Emperor of China)
Birthplace: Lama Temple, Beijing, China
The Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty was the fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor and reigned over China from 1735 to 1796. Known for the economic prosperity and military prowess his kingdom gained under his rule, he continued to indirectly rule as the Retired Emperor even after his abdication.
Elizabeth of Russia
(Empress of Russia (1741 - 1762))
Birthplace: Moscow, Russia
Died: January 5, 1762
Elizabeth Petrovna, or Elizabeth of Russia, daughter of Tsar Peter the Great, was the Russian empress from 1741 to 1762. She became famous for not executing a single person during her rule and for modernizing Russia's architecture. She was a key figure of the Russian Age of Enlightenment.
William IV of the United Kingdom
(King of the United Kingdom (1830 - 1837))
William IV, the third son of George III, was the king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and that of Hanover, from 1830 to 1837. His stint in the Royal Navy earned him the nickname "Sailor King." He introduced electoral reforms, abolished slavery, and restricted child labor.
George IV of the United Kingdom
(King of the United Kingdom and Hanover (1820 - 1830))
Regarded as the first gentleman of England, King George IV of the United Kingdom saw his empire consolidating its position as the global hegemon, particularly after the Napoleonic Wars. His regency during the illness of his father and then his 10-year reign were marked by royal extravagance.
George I of Great Britain
(Former King of Great Britain and Ireland (1714 - 1727))
George I ruled as the king of Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 to 1727. He also ruled the Duchy and Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1698 to 1727. He was the House of Hanover's first British monarch. George's reign witnessed the rise of Robert Walpole and the cabinet government.
Nader Shah
(Shah of Iran from 1736 to 1747)
Birthplace: Dargaz, Iran
Nader Shah reigned over Iran as the Shah of Iran from 1736 until his death in 1747. He is widely regarded as one of the most powerful rulers in the history of Iran. He has also been described as the Napoleon of Persia, thanks to his military genius, which was evident in his several campaigns.
(Founder of the 'Durrani Empire')
Birthplace: Herat, Afghanistan
Ahmad Shah Durrani reigned as the first Emir of the Durrani Empire from 1747 to 1772. Credited with founding the Durrani Empire, Ahmad Shah is also considered the founder of modern Afghanistan. The Durrani Empire thrived under Ahmad Shah's reign and he was succeeded by his son Timur Shah Durrani.
Philip V of Spain
(Former King of Spain (1700 - 1724))
Birthplace: Versailles, France
Died: July 9, 1746
Philip V reigned as the king of Spain from November 1700 to January 1724, and again from September 1724 to 1746. Philip introduced the centralization of monarchy and imposed the Nueva Planta decrees. Philip's accession initiated the 13-year War of the Spanish Succession. His final years were marred by depression.
Leopold I of Belgium
(First King of the Belgians (1831 - 1865))
Birthplace: Coburg, Germany
Leopold I, the youngest son of Duke Francis of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, was the first king of Belgium and reigned from 1831 to 1865. He fought against Napoleon during the Napoleonic Wars. He rejected the throne of Greece. His reign is known for establishing Belgium's first railway and for its modernization.
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
(Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790)
Joseph II reigned as the Holy Roman Emperor from 1765, and as the sole ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780, until 1790. Son of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I, and brother of Marie Antoinette, he laid down policies now known as Josephinism. He died without heirs.
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Birthplace: Florence, Italy
Died: March 2, 1835
Francis II reigned as the last Holy Roman Emperor, from 1792 to 1806, and as the Emperor of Austria (as Francis I), from 1804 to 1835. Francis II fought against Napoleonic France in the Napoleonic Wars and lost at Austerlitz. Eventually, his daughter Marie Louise was married off to Napoleon.
(Emperor of the Qing Dynasty from 1661 to 1722)
Birthplace: Beijing, China
Son of emperor Shunzhi and empress Xiaokang, Xuanye, or the Kangxi Emperor, was the Qing dynasty's third emperor. Apart from signing the Treaty of Nerchinsk with Russia, he crushed the revolt of the three warlords, known as the Rebellion of Wu Sangui. He was also known to be a workaholic.
Catherine I of Russia
(Former Empress of Russia (1725 - 1727))
Birthplace: Russia
Catherine I of Russia was the second wife and Empress consort of Peter the Great. She served as the Empress regnant of Russia from 1725 until her death in 1727. The daughter of a peasant, she had an adventurous life as a young woman and eventually married Peter the Great who was taken by her beauty. They had 12 children.
Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon
(Louis XIV of France's Wife)
Birthplace: Niort, France
Françoise d'Aubigné was a French noblewoman. She was secretly married to King Louis XIV and was one of his closest advisers. She was never considered the queen of France and served as the royal children's governess. She was born in an impoverished family and was previously married to poet Paul Scarron. She married Louis years after Scarron's death.
Ivan VI of Russia
(Emperor of Russia)
The eldest child of Duke Anthony Ulrich and Duchess Anna Leopoldovna, Ivan VI of Russia, took over the throne as a 2-month-old baby, with his mother as the regent. His first cousin Elizabeth's coup later resulted in his imprisonment for 20 years and his eventual assassination.
Charles XII of Sweden
(King of Sweden (1697 – 1718))
Birthplace: Stockholm, Sweden
Charles XII ruled Sweden as an absolute monarch for 18 years during the Great Northern War. He took over the throne at 15. Although appreciated for his effective legal and tax reforms, he is known to have led Sweden to immense destruction by participating in the 1707-1709 campaign against Russia.
Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover
(King of Hanover)
Louis XVIII of France
Louis XVIII of France was the king of France from 1814 to 1824, except for the duration of the "Hundred Days" in 1815. He was the son of Louis, Dauphin of France, and his wife Maria Josepha of Saxony. He ruled for slightly less than a decade. He was not popular as a king.
Tipu Sultan
(Ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore Based in South India)
Birthplace: Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Tipu Sultan, or the "Tiger of Mysore," ruled the Kingdom of Mysore from 1782 to 1799. Apart from improving his kingdom's military arrangements, he also established a new calendar, a new land-revenue system, and a coinage system. He died while defending the fort of Seringapatam in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
(Holy Roman Emperor (1745 - 1765))
Birthplace: Nancy, France
Married to Maria Theresa, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, was often outshone by his wife. Their marriage was a political step of Maria's father, Emperor Charles VI. An art connoisseur, Francis was not as much interested in the administrative affairs of his kingdom as he was in the cultural aspects.
Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
(Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1806 - 1826))
Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha reigned as the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld from 9 December 1806 to 12 November 1826. He oversaw the construction of many projects, including a court theatre, in Coburg. Ernest is also remembered for the educational, constitutional, and economic development of his territories.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
(Haitian General)
Birthplace: Guinea
Jean-Jacques Dessalines was an important figure and leader of the Haitian Revolution. He went on to rule an independent Haiti, which became the first country to abolish slavery permanently. Considered one of Haiti's founding fathers, Dessalines reigned as the emperor of Haiti from 1804 until his murder in 1806. Today, he is regarded as an icon of Haitian nationalism.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh
(1st Maharaja of the Sikh Empire)
Birthplace: Gujranwala, Pakistan
Maharaja Ranjit Singh, also known as the "Lion of Punjab" and the "Napoleon of the East," was a Sikh leader who reigned over the northwest Indian subcontinent in the 19th century. He fought valiantly against the Afghans and introduced many modern reforms. His Khalsa Army included people of all religions.
(Empress Consort of the French from 1804 to 1810)
Birthplace: Les Trois-Îlets, Martinique
Empress Joséphine de Beauharnais spent her initial years in poverty and was shunned by her first husband for her lack of manners. She eventually learned the ways and means of the Parisian high society and married a young Napoleon Bonaparte. She survived a rocky marriage but enjoyed a lavish lifestyle.
Yongzheng Emperor
(Fourth Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (1722 - 1735))
Yongzheng reigned over the Qing dynasty as its fourth Emperor from 1722 to 1735. He was also the third Qing emperor to reign over the Eighteen Provinces. Remembered for his hard-working nature, Yongzheng's most prominent objective was to come up with an effective government at minimum expense. Yongzheng, who cracked down on corruption, is credited with forming the Grand Council.
Peter II of Russia
Peter II Alexeyevich, the only son of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, ruled as the emperor of Russia from 1727 to 1730. He became a Tsar as a child but died an untimely death due to small pox at 14, on the day that he had planned to marry Ekaterina Dolgorukova.
Baji Rao I
(Peshwa of Maratha Empire from 1720 to 1740)
Birthplace: Sinnar, Maharashtra, India
Baji Rao I was a peshwa, or chief minister, of the Maratha empire in India. His conquests led a massive blow to the Mughal Empire. In spite of being married to Kashibai, he took a second wife, half-Muslim Mastani, a story that was retold in several movies later.
William III of England
(Former King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1689 - 1702))
Birthplace: The Hague, Netherlands
King William III of England, son of William II, Prince of Orange, was also known as William of Orange. A staunch Protestant, he is remembered for his joint rule with his wife, Queen Mary II, and for his exploits such as the Glorious Revolution and the Nine Years' War.
Abigail Masham, Baroness Masham
(Courtier)
Birthplace: London, United Kingdom
Died: December 6, 1734
Caroline of Brunswick-Lüneburg
(Queen of United Kingdom)
Birthplace: Braunschweig
Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
(Former Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (1814 - 1847))
Marie Louise was an Austrian archduchess who reigned as Duchess of Parma from 1814 until her death. The eldest child of Emperor Francis II of Austria and his second wife, Maria Theresa, she grew up during a tumultuous period in the history of Austria. She was married to Napoleon I from 1810 to 1821. She died of pleurisy in 1847.
Mahmud II
(Sultan of Ottoman Empire)
Birthplace: İstanbul, Turkey
Mahmud II reigned as the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 to 1839. His reign was marked by the extensive military, administrative, and fiscal reforms which he initiated. The reforms that he initiated eventually led to the formation of the modern Turkish Republic. He is also credited with rebuilding a strong naval force for the empire.
Anna of Russia
Daughter of Ivan V and niece of Peter I, Anna of Russia did not have much interest in the governance of her kingdom and left it in the hands of her beloved Ernst Johann Biron and her advisors. Her "dark reign" witnessed costly wars such as the Russo-Turkish War.
Frederick William I of Prussia
The Soldier King Frederick William I of Prussia is remembered for transforming his nation into a prosperous state. He was known for his simple lifestyle, as opposed to his father's kingly excesses. His experience at the War of the Spanish Succession led him to strengthen Prussia militarily, too.
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RenewAmerica.com January 21, 2021 Click here to receive our twice-weekly Newsletter
Judge Moore only one following Constitution
By Bryan Fischer
Follow me on Twitter: @BryanJFischer, on Facebook at "Focal Point"
Host of "Focal Point" on American Family Radio, 1-3pm CT, M-F www.afr.net
Alabama chief justice Roy Moore issued an order yesterday prohibiting the state's probate judges from issuing any licenses for sodomy-based marriages. They "have a ministerial duty," wrote the judge, "not to issue any marriage license contrary" to the Alabama constitution, which bans homosexual marriage.
Alabama's amendment upholding natural marriage had overwhelming support from Alabama's legislators and the people of Alabama themselves. The proposed constitutional amendment passed the the Alabama State House 85-7, the Alabama State Senate 30-0, and was enacted by the people with 81% of the vote in June of 2006.
Judge Moore perceptively and accurately notes that the Supreme Court's opinion in Obergefell is directed only at same-sex marriage bans in Michigan, Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee. I would argue even more precisely the Supreme Court's decision affects only the plaintiffs involved in the Obergefell case.
The Eighth Circuit was quite explicit that the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court's ruling is limited in scope. It stated flatly that "The [Obergefell] Court invalidated laws in Michigan, Kentucky, Ohio, and Tennessee – not Nebraska." In two other cases the Eighth Circuit repeated its conclusion: "not Arkansas" and "not South Dakota."
Moore cites an abiding rule of jurisprudence in his order (citations omitted):
"The above cases reflect an elementary principle of federal jurisdiction: a judgment only binds the parties to the case before the court. 'A judgment or decree among parties to a lawsuit resolves issues as among them, but it does not conclude the rights of strangers to those proceedings... [N]o court can make a decree which will bind anyone but a party ... no matter how broadly it words its decree."
In other words, the 16 couples who were the plaintiffs before the Supreme Court get to have their same-sex marriages, but no one else entitled to one based on this ruling alone.
This, by the way, is exactly how Abraham Lincoln responded to the infamous Dred Scott opinion. He declared that he would accept the authority of the Court in the case of Dred Scott, the plaintiff before the Court, but vigorously rejected the notion that it had any binding effect anywhere else. "This decision," said Lincoln, "was wanting in any claim to public confidence, and it is not 'resistance,' it is not factious, or even disrespectful, to treat it as not having quite established a settled doctrine for the land."
The State of Wisconsin flatly refused to submit to the Dred Scott ruling at all.
Note that Judge Moore is not defying the Supreme Court's ruling in Obergefell. He is simply and quite correctly saying it does not apply to the state of Alabama. Alabama's natural marriage amendment remains in force because the Court has never ruled on Alabama's constitutional prohibition.
Let's not forget that the Supreme Court issues "opinions," not "rulings." And since we live in America, they are certainly entitled to their own opinions. But it is the Supreme Court, not the Supreme Branch. A Supreme Court ruling cannot possibly be "the law of the land," as the Human Rights Campaign pretends. This is because Article I, Section 1 says quite explicitly that "All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States." "All" means "all," as in every last little bit.
How much "legislative power" does the Supreme Court have? Zero. None. Nada. Zilch. It is constitutionally impossible for the Supreme Court to make law. Thus not a single one of its rulings can possibly be "the law of the land." It doesn't have that kind of authority.
Thus Judge Moore "ordered and directed" that probate judges "have a ministerial duty not to issue any marriage license contrary to the Alabama Sanctity of Marriage Amendment or the Alabama Marriage Protection Act," and correctly added,"Nothing in the United States Constitution alters or overrides this duty."
Let's review. The Constitution gives the federal government, including the judiciary, absolutely no authority whatsoever to dictate marriage policy to the states. You can read the Constitution from front to back, left to right, right to left, backwards, upside down and in Sanskrit and you will find nary a mention of the word "marriage" at all. This means, according to the Tenth Amendment, it's a matter for the states to decide. And consistent with the Constitution, the people of Alabama have decided. Overwhelmingly.
The only one in this sorry mess so far who is actually upholding the Constitution is Justice Roy Moore. He is following the Constitution of the United States, which does not authorize the central government to meddle in marriage, and he is upholding the plain meaning of the Alabama state constitution, which it is his sworn duty to do.
This is not civil disobedience. It is constitutional obedience. Of the highest and most noble order.
It's not Judge Moore who is defying the law of the land. He's upholding it and defending it. No, the ones defying the law of the land would be any Alabama probate judges who defy Judge Moore's legally authorized order. Let's find out who the people are who have a genuine respect for the rule of law.
Judge Moore is showing the United States the way to reclaim marriage from an out-of-control and tyrannical federal judiciary. It's simple. Just uphold the Constitution.
Every court in every one of the 31 states with marriage amendments should do exactly as Judge Moore has done, and reclaim the right of the people of their state to govern themselves without the self-anointed elites on the other side of the country ordering them around.
It's time immediately to get every GOP candidate for the presidency on record: "Do you support Judge Moore's directive – yes or no?" We particularly need to get responses from those candidates who have argued against judicial supremacy and for the right of states to settle the marriage question for themselves.
A new president who would pledge to unequivocally support Judge Moore and any other governor or state judiciary who would follow his lead could take an enormous step back toward sanity and normalcy, and uphold genuine constitutional authority in the process.
Social conservatives need to know who among the presidential candidates will be a fighter for us on the fundamental issue of natural marriage. It's time for somebody to step up. Who will it be?
(Unless otherwise noted, the opinions expressed are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the views of the American Family Association or American Family Radio.)
© Bryan Fischer
The views expressed by RenewAmerica columnists are their own and do not necessarily reflect the position of RenewAmerica or its affiliates.
(See RenewAmerica's publishing standards.)
Bryan Fischer is the host of the daily 'Focal Point' radio talk program on AFR Talk, a division of the American Family Association. 'Focal Point' airs live from 1-3 pm Central Time, and is also simulcast on the AFA Channel, which can be seen on the Sky Angel network.
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Emanuelle Perche' violenza alle donne?
Death Waltz Recording (RSDDW007)
Emanuelle Around the World (Emanuelle - Perche violenza alle donne?) (1977)
Nico Fidenco
Buy Vinyl Record from Amazon.com
1. A Picture of Love (vocal)
2. My Boundless
3. Eternal Anguish
4. Confused Girl
5. Two In the Closet
6. Kamasutra In Love
7. A Picture of Love (instrumental)
9. I Am In Love
10. Besides
11. Three Girls In Rome
12. Come Back! Rythm
13. Relaxing
14. A Seeming Man
15. Your Opression
Track lengths not available for this album. If you have track length/time information for this album, please e-mail it to us at mail@soundtrack.net and we will add it to the database.
Remastered from the original master tapes.
Never say that Death Waltz Recording Company doesn't plumb the depths of exploitation (or in this case sexploitation) to bring you great music, with a treasure being unearthed in the shape of Nico Fidenco's score to Joe D'Amato's Emanuelle - Perche violenza alle donne?. Regarded as the best of the unofficial "Black Emanuelle" series, D'Amato's film starts off with the same sexual freedom and exploration as the official one but ends up descending into a hard-hitting voyage of human trafficking and sexual violence. Fidenco's music as presented mostly represents the character's exploration of hedonism and philosophy, scoring hook-ups with a truck driver and a couple of Italian girls, and as such is pretty free-flowing and upbeat.
The fantastic main theme is repeated throughout the album alongside some interesting supporting material, including some great offbeat percussion and some slinky melodies with a surprising amount of wind instruments, along with a subtle female voice. Synths appear frequently, along with the expected driving bassline, and it's not until the end when it gets darker and sleazier, as well as funkier in an almost prog-rock way. It's a fascinating end to a smooth-flowing record that reminds us that music to sex flicks sometimes needs more than just a wah-wah pedal.
180 GM vinyl.
USA / Canada White & Orange swirl vinyl with heavy Clear splatter.
UK / Europe / Rest Of The World White and Red Swirl with heavy White splatter.
Shrinkwrapped, Embossed & Debossed Death Waltz Recording Co. exclusive RSD sleeve with Obi strip featuring a 36 x 36 poster and a double sided 12 x 12 art print by We Buy Your Kids exclusively for this one off release.


In a departure from board games, I've made a video about the five stages of Brexit – how 8 of my characters are responding to Britain leaving the EU.
I suggest five alternatives to the classic drawing game Pictionary with help from my old art class. In this video I'm giving away a copy of Loony Quest, watch the video to find out how you can win!
I offer six great alternative games to Cards Against Humanity. With help from a stand-up comedian, a Judd Apatow character and your mum. I'm giving away three of the games in this video as prizes.
Here are the games I've decided are staying in my collection this month. My keepers.


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Macworld February 2019
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chips ahoy: the mac's transition to apple processors is happening sooner than you think
Last year's late-October Apple event in New York City had a lot going on, and we're still working through all the new products the company showed off. But as the dust clears, there's one lasting impression about which I feel remarkably certain. There's a sea change coming. John Gruber alluded to this in his piece at Daring Fireball about the new MacBook Air: Look at the iPad's A12X compared to the iPhone's A12 and you can see how much attention Apple is paying to the iPad's system architecture. There's no reason they won't pay as much or more attention to the Mac's custom silicon when they switch from Intel to their own chip designs. It should be downright glorious. That line in the middle, delivered in a matter-of-the-fact fashion, has stuck with me. Not…
what came true and what didn't for apple in 2018
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What NASA's Golden Record taught me about humanity
A cosmic message in a bottle from humanity to extraterrestrials
By Alessandra Potenza@ale_potenza Oct 1, 2017, 11:00am EDT
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The Golden Record.
Photo: NASA
As I take the first of three yellow LPs out of the box, my heart is beating fast with excitement. I gently place it on a turntable, hit play, and go lie down on the couch, the lights in my living room dimmed to a minimum. An old man with an Austrian accent starts speaking in a calm voice.
"As the Secretary General of the United Nations, an organization of 147 member states who represents almost all of the human inhabitants of the planet Earth, I send greetings of behalf of the people of our planet. We step out of our Solar System into the Universe, seeking only peace and friendship, to teach if we're called upon, to be taught if we are fortunate. We know full well that our planet and all its inhabitants are but a small part of this immense Universe that surrounds us, and it is with humility and hope that we take this step."
I'm listening to a reproduction of NASA's Golden Record, an album that was printed on gold-plated copper disks and launched into space aboard the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft in 1977. I received a copy of it after donating to a Kickstarter campaign about a year ago. The record was part of an ambitious and ingenious project: teach extraterrestrials everything they need to know about humans.
One of the two Voyager probes, with the Golden Record mounted on its side.
Photo: NASA/JPL
The probes are still traveling through space, at 10 miles per second, more than 12 billion miles from our planet. And although no aliens have intercepted the spacecraft or listened to the record yet, the hope is that one day they will. These disks — the sounds, music, and images they contain — could be the only record of life on Earth after we're all gone.
The voice of the UN secretary general is followed by greetings in 55 languages, including Aramaic, Burmese, Urdu, and several African languages. It sounds like a discombobulated nursery rhyme that makes little sense, but it also speaks to the beauty of diversity on planet Earth. Here we are, one species, but with a brain so big that we made up countless tongues to communicate with each other.
Who were these people who went to Ithaca, New York, to speak for a few seconds into a microphone? Are they still alive? If they passed away, did they die a bit happier, knowing that their voices were etched forever in a record traveling through the stars? Very little is known about them, except that many were from Cornell University and the surrounding communities. They were given no instructions on what to say, so the greetings vary. My favorite is in Amoy, a Chinese dialect. It says: "Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time."
Then the sounds of Earth start; this is the most beautiful part of the whole record. It's a history of our planet through sounds. First, you have nature: thunders, volcanoes, rain, crickets, fire. Then, you have the beginning of civilization: heartbeat, laughter, footsteps, the first tools. Then the advent of technology: morse code (the message says: Ad astra per aspera, "To the stars through hard work"), ships, train, tractor, a Saturn V liftoff. Finally, there's love: a kiss, a mother and her child.
As I lie on the couch with my eyes closed, each sound transports me somewhere. When I hear the sound of the surf, I imagine being on the beach I used to go to every summer with my family. The rain brings me into a cozy bed, water beads running down the closed window. The train whistling teleports me to my boyfriend's house, where you can hear trains pass by in the middle of the night. It's a sound history of our planet, but also a sound history of each of us.
Mounting the Golden Record onto one of the Voyager spacecraft.
As the music section of the record — a collection of songs from all over the world — begins, I have tears in my eyes. I expected the Golden Record to give me goosebumps, not to make me cry. There's no reason at all for there to be something rather than nothing here — or someone, or lots of someones, rather than no one. Yet, we launched this record to the far reaches of our galaxy, hoping that some other intelligent life exists.
The record was intended to be a cosmic message in a bottle from humanity to extraterrestrials, promoting peace. As such, its producers — Cornell astrophysicist Carl Sagan and others — decided not to include the deplorable aspects of our species: the wars, the bombs, the genocides. "It would hardly be appropriate that a cultural artifact pay homage to the very forces that cultures discourage and attenuate," Timothy Ferris, the producer of the Golden Record, writes in the liner notes in the new edition.
However, the UN secretary general who opens the Golden Record with his greeting is Kurt Waldheim. He was complicit in several Nazi war crimes, facts that weren't exposed until later. It's not totally clear how involved Waldheim was with the Nazi crimes against humanity, but despite our attempts to put our best foot forward, we have nonetheless introduced our message of peace with a man who served in units involved with massacres and deportations to death camps.
As sad and ironic that is, it also speaks for humanity more than I want to admit. We are beacons of invention, technology, and science. We are "Johnny B. Goode" by Chuck Berry. But we're also violent, we're ideologues, and we cause suffering. Accepting this is accepting who we are as a species. Even when we try to leave our dark side out, it seeps in unexpectedly.
That doesn't take any value away from the Golden Record. It is one attempt at explaining all of life and culture on Earth. In all its imperfection, it is still beautiful. As I lay on my couch with my eyes closed — listening to Bach, then a Navajo Indian night chat — I couldn't stop marveling at how amazing it is to be part of this planet. I don't know what aliens would think of us if they ever intercepted the Voyager probes and figured out a way to extrapolate the disk's contents. Maybe it'll make no sense to them. To me, the Golden Record is a reminder of how beautiful our planet is and how unique of a home it is. It's also a reminder that we should take better care of it.
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gameZfestival is back for its fifth edition with three days of talks, international guests, indie game studios, panel discussions, awards and an OpenMic. This year's topic is 'Game Over!' with focus on deaths in videogames. The Festival's Highlights are Jakub Dvorsky from Amanita Design (CZ) and Transport Fever's Basil Weber (CH). Our conference track gameZ & ruleZ takes a closer look at motivational systems for non-human games. Yes, animals and robots want to play too! Festival and conference will be accompanied by a playable videogame exhibition.
Das internationale gameZfestival wird von der gameZfestival association, Game Lab und Game Design ZHdK organisiert.


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Papers On Ethics
Cultural Relativism in Philosophy
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This 6 page paper explores the issue of cultural relativism in the context of arguments made by Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas. Many examples are provided. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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Aristotle's 'Nicomachean Ethics'
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HIV Disclosure: Medical Ethics
A 5 page paper discussing medical ethics in terms of Kant, Aristotle and Mill. The paper examines the responsibility of an HIV-infected surgeon to inform his patients of his condition, and also the responsibility of the HIV-infected patient to disclose medical status. It concludes that while the doctor is under no obligation to discontinue his practice of medicine, he is still responsible for making full disclosure to the patient. Conversely, the HIV-infected patient carries no such obligation, for it is the surgeon's responsibility to discover all facets of his patients' health. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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Kant's Moral Law And Mill's Utilitarianism
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Air Traffic Controllers Dismissal And Its Relation The Works Of Kant
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Ethical Theory / Kantian Perspective -- Abortion Is Not Always Wrong
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Immanuel Kant's 'Supreme Principle of Morality'
This 6 page research paper examines the morality principle of German philosopher Immanuel Kant. Specifically discussed are the definition of this principle, its intention, and the necessary components to ensure this 'supreme morality.' Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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Kant and Autonomy
It is difficult to address any study of ethical behavior without addressing the work of Immanuel Kant. He addresses morality through the interpretation of autonomy. In The Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant defines the concept he calls 'categorical imperative'. He sets his thoughts within the parameters of the rights and duties inherent in the autonomy of man. This 8 page paper argues that autonomy is the utilization of the will inherent in the nature of the animal while free choice is the utilization of the a priori 'soul' that the religionists would say governs the higher thoughts of man in his relation to God. In this manner, Kant is in agreement with Stanley Jaki's representation of scientific history and philosophical rationality in the book, Angels, Apes, and Men. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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Kant on Morals
Immanuel Kant was born in 1724 in Konigsberg, Germany. He is undeniably one of the most influential philosophers in the realm of moral and political thinking. In The Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant defines and elucidates the concept he calls 'categorical imperative'. Kant's philosophy deals with the ethical duties of the individual moral agent and bases his system upon principles of universality. This 5 page paper examines the Kantian concept of categorical imperative a it relates to the Universal law of freedom and it's applicability to the testing of maxims. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
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