text:
Reed Kroloff
S.R. Crown Hall
3360 S. State St.
arch@iit.edu
arch.iit.edu
Associate Dean of University and Academic Affairs
Eva Kultermann
Assistant Dean
Susan Conger-Austin
Director of Academic Affairs
Cynthia Torres
Enrollment Specialist
Jaucinta Burt
Director of Doctoral Program
Rahman Azari
Director of Landscape Architecture and Urbanism Program
Ron Henderson
Director of Master of Architecture Program
Martin Felsen
Director of Master of Science in Architecture Program
Faculty with Research Interests
For more information regarding faculty visit the College of Architecture website.
The College of Architecture's graduate degree programs emphasize investigations in architectural design and technology, while expanding the significance of such investigations through rigorous, critical thought. The college draws strength from its Mies van der Rohe heritage, its key position in the legacy of Modernism, its location in Chicago, and its connections to progressive practitioners and emerging global architectural practices. Our students, faculty, and alumni are intellectually serious, professional, and international.
Architectural education at Illinois Institute of Technology offers unique combinations, intertwining design and technology to produce advanced architecture. Our commitment includes the needs of our South Side Chicago neighborhood, our city, and its inhabitants. Our perspective is inclusive of architecture's allied disciplines and committed to the highest quality in our students' professional preparation. Our mission relies on certain guiding values: design excellence, technical expertise, advanced professional practice, and respect for the architect in society today as an ethical, thoughtful, and informed producer not only of buildings, but also of all visual and physical environments. The College of Architecture is a force for quality built environments and society's advancement through a humane use of technology, materials, space, and form.
In the United States, most state registration boards require a degree from an accredited professional degree program as a prerequisite for licensure. The National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB), which is the sole agency authorized to accredit U.S. professional degree programs in architecture, recognizes three types of degrees: the Bachelor of Architecture, the Master of Architecture, and the Doctor of Architecture. A program may be granted a six-year, three-year, or two-year term of accreditation, depending on the extent of its conformance with established educational standards. The Landscape Architecture Accreditation Board (LAAB) is the accrediting organization for landscape architectural programs. As such, the LAAB develops standards to objectively evaluate landscape architectural programs and judges whether a school's first professional degree program (Bachelor of Landscape Architecture and/or Master of Landscape Architecture) is in compliance with the accreditation standards.
Master's degree programs may consist of a pre-professional undergraduate degree and a professional graduate degree that, when earned sequentially, constitute an accredited professional education. However, the pre-professional degree is not, by itself, recognized as an accredited degree.
The College of Architecture has two NAAB-accredited degrees: the Bachelor of Architecture and the Master of Architecture professional degree programs. Both hold eight-year terms of accreditation with the NAAB. The Landscape Architectural Accreditation Board (LAAB) evaluates professional landscape architecture programs in the United States to determine whether they meet objective standards of academic quality and properly prepare students for professional work. The Master of Landscape Architecture (M.L.A.) degree program holds a six-year term of accreditation with the LAAB.
The College of Architecture is housed in three buildings designed by Mies van der Rohe: S.R. Crown Hall, 3410 S. State St., and the Minerals and Metals Building. With more than 112,000 sq. feet dedicated exclusively to the college, along with seminar and classrooms utilizing many university campus facilities, students have some of the finest instructional spaces in the United States.
The Graham Resource Center (GRC) is the main library for College of Architecture (CoA) students and faculty. Housed in Crown Hall, the GRC houses over 16,000 books, a number of architecture specific databases, and 55 journal subscriptions. The GRC is charged with meeting all library-related needs of the CoA and responsibilities include: acquiring, preserving, and serving materials in myriad media to CoA students, faculty, and staff. The GRC also maintains additional resources, including the Crown Hall darkroom, the CoA archives, the Graham Resource Center web page, and an audio-visual equipment collection. The center provides reference and research assistance to local, national, and international clients about architecture in general, and Illinois Institute of Technology and Mies van der Rohe in particular, and provides bibliographic instruction to all GRC and architecture researchers and users.
The Architecture Materials Lab has 14,000 square feet of shop facilities. The lab contains tools and machinery for working with wood, metal, and plastics and includes a large paint booth. The facility houses four Universal Laser Systems 60W Laser Cutters, a Bridgeport Series I Vertical CNC Machine, a 3D Printer, and a Precix Series 9100 CNC Router for digital fabrication.
The college houses two computer labs outfitted with the latest architectural digital design and fabrication software. All labs and requisite software are listed here: iit.edu/ots/computer labs.shtml. The lab PCs are updated every third year to support curriculum initiatives and technology advances, such as BIM (Building Information Modeling), and serve as digital imaging and rendering instruction spaces for the college. When not in use for class, the labs are open to students and offer 24-hour access for several weeks at the end of the semester. The two labs support myriad printing and output media including four plotters for student use. In addition, the Office of Technology Services printing system allows students to print remotely to any printer on campus, including the aforementioned plotters. The campus is a wireless zone serving the university community.
Faculty and doctoral candidates conduct research on a wide range of important topics related to the theory and practice of architecture and landscape architecture. Thesis students investigate projects involving the design, planning, and structure of high-rise buildings; urban agriculture; the research, planning, and design of large-scale projects such as stadiums, institutional buildings, and commercial facilities; technological applications such as new materials, composites, prefabricated applications, systems of building enclosure, and other methods of construction; emerging urbanisms, including global practices of architecture, landscape architecture, and new urban cultures; the influence of climate and environment upon building and landscape form, sustainable design and energy efficiency; biophilic design; advanced critical analysis and architectural and landscape architectural history/theory; computer applications such as 3-D modeling, multimedia and graphic image presentations, concepts of animation, and 3-D modeling techniques and approaches; and housing, including high-density, low-density, and affordable housing.
Advanced Studio
"Advanced Studio" is a college-wide, innovative, design-based research course focused on investigating the complex forces that shape the built environment and proposing new strategies for urban development. The aim of the studio is to build a commentary and transformative agenda toward the future metropolis, and to drive urban and architectural design solutions with the most advanced technologies and critical thought. The studio production is oriented toward the development of new strategies and future urban models with the aim of advancing the knowledge of relationships between urban thinking and materiality, technology, energy, ecology, emerging media and socio-political and cultural concerns. Strong emphasis is put toward engagement with external parties and agencies, to connect the academic environment with the professional practice, and to promote cross-disciplinary collaboration.
"Advanced Studio" is a vertical studio accommodating advanced professional students (B.Arch., M.Arch., and M.L.A.) with those in the post-professional programs (M.S. and Ph.D.).
Completed online application form
Application fee of $60
Minimum Cumulative Undergraduate GPA
Minimum GRE Scores
292 (quantitative + verbal), 2.5 analytical writing
Minimum TOEFL Scores
90/600 (internet-based/paper-based test scores)
Applicants must submit a portfolio of previous academic or professional work in a portable and professionally acceptable format (8.5 by 11 inches or smaller), two letters of recommendation from individuals able to appraise the applicant's achievement and potential, a statement of intent describing academic and professional objectives as well as why they would like to study at the university, and GRE scores, which are less than five years old.
International applicants from non-English speaking countries are required to submit TOEFL scores of 80/550 (internet-based/paper-based test score scale) or above. Admitted international students with TOEFL scores between 80/550 and 90/600 will be required to take an English proficiency exam upon arrival at the university; in addition, they may be required to take additional courses to develop their language skills. English language courses required for international students do not apply to program credit hours. Admitted international students must submit an affidavit of financial support confirming adequate funding for their first year of study and a copy of their passport. Visa documents cannot be issued unless both the financial affidavit and passport are on file with the College of Architecture.
Although we encourage early submission, completed applications and all supporting documents must be received by the deadline for each program. Late applicants will be reviewed only if space is available.
For the graduate programs to achieve their objectives, it is necessary to restrict the number of students admitted. Admission to the graduate programs is limited by college requirements. All applicants are considered on a competitive basis, with every effort being made to select outstanding candidates.
Master of Architecture (M. Arch.), Professional Degree
Master of Landscape Architecture (M.L.A.), Professional Degree
Master of Architecture/Master of Landscape Architecture (dual degree)
Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture
Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture with Specialization in History and Theory of Architecture
Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture with Specialization in Technologies of the Built Environment
Global Modernism
During the last one hundred years a number of cultural, economic, and social changes have moved architectural discourse and practice into a global network. This survey course focuses on the rise of new educational, financial, geo-political, professional, and technological scenarios that transformed architecture and urbanism from the end of World War One to the present. Canonical buildings and sites are discussed within the context of global modernism.
Lecture: 3 Lab: 0 Credits: 3
This course investigates the state of contemporary architecture as represented by significant practices, buildings, theories, and criticisms. Themes to be considered include globalization, the role of digital design media, the ethics and aesthetics of sustainability, contemporary urbanism, new approaches to materials and structure, and recent interests in ornament and pattern-making. Current conditions will be related historically to postwar reactions to modernism and contextually to the social and technological shifts of recent decades. With a focus on primary readings and building documentation, the course places an emphasis on the great complexity of social, political, intellectual, and technological forces affecting design. Critical reading and writing skills will be emphasized.
Prerequisite(s): ARCH 500 with min. grade of C
Advanced Topics in History and Theory I
Intended to build on the knowledge and abilities gained in the foundational architectural history and theory courses. This seminar focuses on advanced topics in history, theory, and criticism. Students select from varying and diverse topics such as urbanism, sustainability, design methodology, aesthetics, ethics and law, history of technology, and architecture in relation to other arts. Seminar may also offer intense focus on particular architects, periods, regions, or movements. Critical reading and writing skills will be emphasized. In addition, the advanced seminar will teach research skills, will expect the students to formulate and pursue original research topics, and will expect oral presentations of these projects. These abilities will be evaluated through in-class presentations and research papers.
Advanced Topics in History and Theory II
Students will develop a sensitivity to the environment in which architecture is created. Emphasis will be placed on an in-depth exposure to the integration of natural features of site, sustainable components of both natural and man-made systems, and the synergy of ecological design.
Prerequisite(s): ARCH 506 with min. grade of C and ARCH 542 with min. grade of C and ARCH 541 with min. grade of C and ARCH 507 with min. grade of C
Design Communications I: Units and Order
A comparative study of physical and digital media from the immediacy of the hand to the logical rigor of algorithmic design. Organizational systems and mapping strategies explored as craft is developed across a broad toolkit. Instruction in object-oriented thinking begins an introduction to computer science.
Design Communications II: Systems and Assemblages
The full design communication process, from contextual and programmatic analysis to the digital fabrication of a system of parts, will be introduced through a series of related studies. Computationally associative design methodologies will be utilized and continue the computer science introduction.
Design Communications III
Introduction to geospatial mapping, data modeling, and data visualization processes for research, analytics, and generative design. Basic data structures, algorithms, and design patterns advance students ability to construct digital tools and communicate complexity.
Topics in Advanced Technology
This research seminar examines advances in the technologies that affect the practice of architecture. The course examines leading technologies, processes, and applications, and their role in building design and production. The course will navigate the broad and varied materials related to advanced technologies in architecture by focusing on specific applications for specific projects. Students may select between varying and diverse topics offered by the faculty that may include building envelopes, architectural materials, building and environmental systems, advanced structural design, energy and sustainability, architectural acoustics and lighting, fabrication, and computer-aided design technologies.
Environment and Building Systems I
Selection and design of building support systems: heating, ventilating, air conditioning, water supply, sanitary and storm drainage, power distribution, lighting, communications, and vertical transportation. Systems are analyzed for their effect on building form, construction cost, and operating efficiency.
Environment and Building Systems II
Introduction to Urbanism
An immersion in the history, discourse, and culture of cities in the modern era with an emphasis on Chicago and a focus on the needs and influences surrounding urban growth, development, and culture. Readings, lectures, case studies, film screenings, field trips, and discussions will provide a basic set of conceptual and theoretical resources for understanding the origins and development of cities. This course will develop a context for understanding the role of design in shaping the urban environment.
Master's Project Preparation: Research Analysis and Programming
Identification and development of the proposal for the master's project. Development of the project will include a comprehensive listing of all necessary program elements, research, analysis and selection of site, a statement of design parameters, project objectives, or similar project characteristics. Projects will be selected from eight areas of focus: sustainable cities, building delivery practices, community-based planning, research/history/theory, research/advanced technologies, housing and urban design, high-rise typology, and cultural institutions.
Architecture Studio I: Elements
The design studio focuses on the tools, techniques, methods, and methodologies of architectural design. The studio investigates the articulation of space, tectonic assembly, and human behavior as critical foundations of the making of the built environment. The studio focuses on developing core drawing, making, thinking, and communication skills via a series of discrete projects that aggregate into a comprehensive body of work. Analytical investigation of the techniques and methods of architectural design and representation are interwoven with an analytical investigation of site, place, inhabitation, and elemental spatial archetypes. The studio is largely comprised of two primary projects (Composite City and Inhabited Archetypes), with specific internal phases and deliverables, structured to operate as a complementary whole. Composite City comprises a series of studies in drawing, modeling and making that dissect the layers, components and phenomena of the built environment, via questions of narrative, memory, space, tectonics, systems and compositions. Inhabited Archetypes comprises a series of spatial explorations that employ the preceding analyses as sites of operation. Four archetypes (bridge, tower, wall, stair) prompt fundamental questions of architectural space (tectonics and inhabitation) and design processes. Working iteratively and comparatively, each archetype will be a medium to investigate issues of structure, skin, thickness, thinness, material, assembly, inhabitation and narrative. The semester culminates with the process of assembling student portfolios.
Lecture: 0 Lab: 12 Credits: 6
Architecture Studio II: Architecture in the City
The second semester of the Master of Architecture focuses on the development of the fundamental aspects of form, space, structure, and materiality explored through the design of a small neighborhood library, which is an essential building-block of the city. The design-based investigation focuses on the study of spatial organization, public space, user experiences and basic tectonic principles, as well as examining the arrangement of and relations between the parts and elements of the urban environment. Through a series of assignments, students are guided step by step through the design process. The first part of the semester focuses on understanding the project's context through the careful investigation of current issues, historical and contemporary precedents, and an in-depth analysis and documentation of a particular site within a specific neighborhood in Chicago. This process is followed by forecasting, conceptual framing, and schematic explorations, and culminates with the strategic development and conceptual detailing of a building and its environs. Design projects are developed individually with the support of team research. A strong emphasis is placed on craft, making, the communication of ideas, and documentation of process. The semester culminates by assembling student portfolios of design work.
Architecture Studio III: Living in the City
The design studio focuses on the design and structural engineering of high-volume residential buildings, or "housing." The design of housing in cities such as Chicago is a story of bold experimentation and innovation, but also contradictions and controversy. Chicago has been at the forefront of developing new types of public and private housing and design strategies to improve and maintain public health since the city's founding in the mid 19th century. Students are exposed to a variety of housing and hybrid buildings, and undertake research projects in select cities around the world to compare and contrast a variety of issues such as: density, dwelling unit types, mixed use programing, materiality, development models, cultural norms, and relationships between functionality and luxury. The studio is structured around three primary assignments beginning with research and drawing assignments of housing types in Chicago, followed by analyses of dense, urban housing projects in global cities, to the final design project. The studio's principle concern is giving form, shape, and character to collectively inhabited high-rise buildings, and to the streets and public spaces that surround them. Several lectures, presentations and field trips throughout the semester highlight discernable and meaningful connections between people and places, movement and morphology, natural resources and the artificial fabric of the city. A particular focus is on place-making, environmental stewardship, social equity, and economic vitality of urban neighborhoods. The studio operates as a laboratory in which to explore new possibilities for urban living in Chicago, specifically within a selected neighborhood and project site.
Architecture Studio IV: Working in the City
The design studio focuses on the design of urban industrial architecture. Industrial buildings house large number of workers operating complex, high-tech machinery and equipment. Industrial buildings have gradually become a vital part of the architecture of the 21th century. Thanks to the constant advancement of non-polluting micro-technologies, industrial buildings are emerging in the center of service-oriented cities around the globe. The first part of the semester focuses on understanding the typology of industrial buildings through the careful investigation of current workplace issues, historical and contemporary precedents, and an in-depth analysis and documentation of a particular site within a specific neighborhood in the city of Chicago. The second part of the studio focuses on aesthetic qualities of industrial architecture, and design issues related to: building facades and layered skins; proportioning and division of large volumes of enclosed space; harmony of structural and internal spatial elements; orderly placement of people, machinery and equipment; and, systematic arrangement of logistical operations to and from the project site. Emphasis is placed on the environmental sustainability of the building design approach and execution. Special attention is given to material/spatial efficiency, mechanical system selection and envelope design. Students are encouraged to evaluate and provide proof-of-concept data for decisions pertaining to energy use and efficiency, recycling and the reuse of natural resources.
Architecture Cloud Studio V: Advanced Studio
Advanced Studios engage both IIT architecture faculty and a select group of visiting studio professors noted for their outstanding professional experience in contemporary practice. The focus of each studio is strong design experimentation that is implemented in highly resolved, complex architectural design projects. Studios work on sites within Chicago, explore urban areas around the globe, and/or focus on hypothetical or technological challenges that shape the built environment. Students design structural and material systems that recognize issues of ecology as well as the broader, integrated concerns of climate, energy and natural resource use, and sustainability. Uniting the diverse strands of urban place making, economic diversity, social equity and environmental stewardship, Advanced Studios promote the design of places that reflect the values of their inhabitants, and create a lasting sense of community with meaningful identity. The studios are formed in thematic clusters that complement each other or serve as dialectical opposites. Each studio explores a variety of techniques from parametric design, digital fabrication, model making, and advanced geospatial software to cultural and theoretical explorations. Students will be able to select from a variety of studio topics. The vertical studio integrates advanced BArch, MArch, MS, and PHD students. Open only to Architecture majors.
Architecture Cloud Studio VI: Advanced Studio
The aim of the design studio is to develop formal solutions which address the complexities of modern metropolis and advance disciplinary knowledge at large. The Advanced Studio program provides the intellectual climate as well as material infrastructure to explore the larger forces that influence the growth of cities. In the contemporary world, developing alternative models of design are necessary to make a transformative impact on the built environment. Design work in Advanced Studios at IIT directly engages real-life challenges and design-based solutions. As they seek to synthesize and impart principles and knowledge, to advance aesthetic and analytical skills, and to creatively expand upon given cultural norms, the Advanced Studios offer students the means to leverage their intuitions and insights to find better ways to enhance the built environment. The studios are formed in thematic clusters that complement each other or serve as dialectical opposites. Each studio explores a variety of techniques from parametric design, digital fabrication, model making, and advanced geospatial software to cultural and theoretical explorations. The vertical studio integrates advanced BArch, MArch, MS, and PHD students. Open only to Architecture majors.
Design of Energy-Efficient Buildings I
Design criteria for achieving human performance goals in energy-efficient buildings, criteria for the exterior/interior environment, and criteria for architectural, mechanical, electrical and building system components. Building upon the fall course, various energy-conserving strategies shall be evaluated for achieving cost effective, energy-efficient design of a specific building type.
Design of Energy-Efficient Buildings II
High-Rise Building Technology I
The course consists of presentations by specialists in the various technologies of high rise buildings including planning, financing, code reinforcement, materials, architecture, engineering, project management, construction, building management services, safety, and maintenance.
High-Rise Building Technology II
Integrated Building Delivery Practice/BIM
Architecture has always been a complex interdisciplinary business, where the management of allied professions and industry affiliates is critical to the success of any endeavor of significant scale. The introduction of BIM (Building Information Modeling) is an advance in project delivery tools which should be viewed as a multi-dimensional expansion of the mechanisms of management and accommodation of an ever-broadening range of participants in the organization of a project, allowing the development of a new delivery protocol, IBPD (Integrated Building Project Delivery). BIM is currently recognized as consolidating the basis for a range of functions including drawing, modeling, document management, clash detection, interdisciplinary coordination, estimating, scheduling, constructability review, production modularization, fabrication protocols, and for the analysis of myriad physical and proscriptive demands such as energy consumption, daylighting, code compliance, egress, circulation, and operation scenarios. The breadth of information embedded in a BIM model will require the emergence of facilitating professionals to an extent previously unknown in the practice and the industry. This course explores the state of the profession and the anticipated ramifications.
Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Architecture
The course teaches future architects the practical aspects of entrepreneurial small business management, to develop a comprehensive opportunity assessment and to develop the skills necessary to improve the odds of success. The course will consider strategies to leverage limited resources for maximum effect. The course will also cover small organization and group behavior, performance, leadership, and motivation in small business settings and will focus on the owner/manager as the principal success factor in the context of a small organization. Emphasis is placed on the circumstances and opportunities of the professional practice of architecture: practice as profession, process, organization, business, and evolving models of practice are covered. The course also provides a series of concepts, frameworks, and heuristics that enable the entrepreneur to anticipate and deal with the challenges that accompany growth of an existing business. Cases, exercises, lectures, and speakers are used to focus on choosing opportunities, allocating resources, motivating employees, and maintaining control while not stifling innovation. A key component of the course is how to sustain entrepreneurial thinking in mid-sized ventures as they continue to grow.
Planning Law and Land Policy
Since the introduction of basic zoning laws to the numbers and complexity of ordinances attached to any land parcel have proliferated to include those addressing land use, development, density, environmental concerns both on and off site, aesthetic mandates, energy use, quality of life concerns, and infrastructure development, the growing understanding that comprehensive and integrated systems must be managed across property lines to effect sustainable planning and communities will accelerate the number of prescriptive and policy ordinances enforced at the development of a parcel. Many agencies have further created extra-legal linkages between approvals for land development and the provision of social and ideological benefits to the community. The impact on the profession of architecture of the panoply of planning options and governmental goals is the result that the navigation of the system of mandated design determinates is one of the initial and potentially most creative acts in the process of project delivery. Project designers must understand the ramifications and trade-offs inherent in the system, especially in any attempt to achieve the best use of any parcel of land and position the most appropriate built environment.
Introduction to Real Estate Finance Fundamentals
The Art of the Deal, with the emphasis on Art, is a term best positioning the financial structuring behind any project. The ability of the project team leader in integrated practice to understand and appreciate the motivations and opportunities inherent in the initiation of the project will be essential in guiding team decisions and maintaining a leadership position. The understanding of the financial underpinnings of a project is of paramount importance to those intending to actually engage the process of initiating and effecting a construction activity. The sources, costs, and sequence of funding, budgeting, cash flow, incentives options, and tax ramifications regarding a project are to be addressed as component knowledge to an understanding of integrated project management.
Comprehensive Opportunity Assessment and Entrepreneurship Development Project/Practicum
Two options are available to the student for the acquisition and assimilation of the breadth of knowledge required to bring project ideas to fruition. The Comprehensive Development Project is a capstone effort which will demonstrate project concept, planning resolution, land acquisition strategies, estimating, scheduling, financial pro-forma, and value capture intents. The practicum would entail employment at a vetted office engaged in the actual process of project assembly. A position requiring a minimum of 20 hours per week, prior review and approval of the work plan, and submittal of documentation of the work undertaken would be required for this scenario. The ultimate objective is to provide a roadmap of the interaction between the architect-entrepreneur, market opportunities, and integrated building delivery practices which facilitate the development of student skills necessary to compete in a rapidly changing socio-economic environment. This course is designed to help students learn and use tools and frameworks to create, implement, and update a strategic plan to shape the future and guide an entrepreneurial organization on its path to success. This course will entail collaboration with real world organizations including city agencies, community development corporations, IIT Department of Community Affairs, or private developers.
Construction and Project Management
The organization of deliverables from the multiple participants in a project plan, including estimating, quality control, value engineering, scheduling of work, conflict resolution, pay schedules, and project close-out and commissioning are essential to managing a building project. Many of these areas of endeavor are those most directly impacted by the developments addressed in Integrated Building Delivery Practice. This course will solidify the underpinnings and will amplify, where needed, the requisite understanding in these areas of the practice. The development of managerial skills requisite to the practice of this coordination and the basis of developing inter-professional relationships will be stressed throughout the incorporation of the technical methodologies.
Entrepreneurial Design: Sector Studies/Case Studies
This course will be advanced as an independent study format. Each student will work independently to research a project option, or building type, and document the particular attributes of that case study which require specialized address. Case studies might be a particular business niche, such as land sub-divisions, condo conversions, change of use conversions, or build-to-suit options. The studies might pursue particular building types, social initiatives, historic restoration strategies, or even unique construction typologies.
Architectural Practice
Lectures and practical problems dealing with specifications, specification writing, administration of construction, contracts, building law, and professional practice.
Good Design and Good Business
From our very own experience, architects with ambitious design agendas have a tendency to focus on design at the expense of paying attention to and designing their businesses. Awareness of a more integrated and balanced approach is essential for young architects as they navigate a rapidly changing world and will help them develop tools and skills to implement, at varying scales, their ideas of a better metropolis. Specifically, the seminar will touch upon such topics as decision making, communication and presentation skills, multidisciplinary collaboration, persuasion and negotiation, and professional advocacy. Pedagogically, the seminar will consist of lectures, case studies, readings, and practice assignments.
Talking TALL I
Talking TALL I will fully examine the physical, environmental, and social sustainability implications of tall buildings at human, architectural, and urban scales in order to offer students extensive and in-depth knowledge and resources to investigate tall buildings and future cities. The aspects of TALL buildings covered in this course include their design principles, technologies, appropriateness to context, energy consumption, life-cycle considerations, natural ventilation, vertical greenery, facades, new typologies, and more. The aspects of TALL cities covered include an analysis of vertical urbanism vs. suburban sprawl, transportation and infrastructure implications, quality of life for residents in tall urban environments, etc., -- all ultimately with a view to a discourse on what should constitute a holistic vision of "sustainable vertical urbanism."
Talking TALL II
Talking TALL II will fully examine the physical, environmental, and social sustainability implications of tall buildings at human, architectural, and urban scales in order to offer students extensive and in-depth knowledge and resources to investigate tall buildings and future cities. The aspects of TALL buildings covered in this course include their design principles, technologies, appropriateness to context, energy consumption, life-cycle considerations, natural ventilation, vertical greenery, facades, new typologies, and more. The aspects of TALL cities covered include an analysis of vertical urbanism vs. suburban sprawl, transportation and infrastructure implications, quality of life for residents in tall urban environments, etc., -- all ultimately with a view to a discourse on what should constitute a holistic vision of "sustainable vertical urbanism." While Talking TALL I focuses mostly at the urban scale, Talking TALL II focuses more on the detailed building/technological scale.
Thesis Preparation Seminar
The Master of Science in Architecture program positions its investigations in the liminal space between emerging forms of urbanization and existing concepts of architecture, landscape, and cities. Our goal is to develop new and better models for shaping socially, culturally, and ecologically sustainable environments. Thesis preparation seminars are conducted on thesis development with a thesis statement outlining an area of study or a problem that has consequences for contemporary architectural production at-large. Thesis development is parallel and complementary with the research-based design cloud studio ARCH 545 with Master of Science students focusing on the social and cultural aspect of research-based design developments. The seminar will focus on developing a bibliography, case studies of referential projects and built structures, and advanced research methods specifically tailored to the research interests of each student. Regular oral presentations will focus on development of thesis content, the use of media and rhetoric, and the didactic nature of disciplinary architectural communication. Open only to Architecture majors.
Pre-Thesis Seminar
The Master of Science program seeks to be synthetic and inter-disciplinary in its approach. In contrast to an increasingly compartmentalized design profession divided into disparate realms of expertise, the program endeavors to sharpen critical thinking through collaborative and experimental working processes. Thesis development is parallel and complementary with the design-based research cloud studio ARCH 546. The focus is on design-based research work understood both as an intellectual problem of exploring the relationship between design and theory for knowledge production and as a practical problem of the way that design research can affect architectural practice. The seminar is focused on the general development of thesis work specifically generating an overall thesis structure and opening chapters. By the end of the semester, a thesis advisory committee with a thesis chairman and two additional faculty members is assigned to each thesis student. Open only to Architecture majors.
Specialized Research and Thesis Development
Each thesis project must demonstrate an intellectual objective and an in-depth study that will contribute to the practice of architecture. The formulated problem should combine a theoretical search with the practical considerations of the profession. Research methods are identified that will provide the resources and information necessary for the design process. Post-occupancy building evaluations of similar problems are used to analyze technical assumptions, functional response and social reaction. (Credit: Variable)
Credit: Variable
Research and Thesis M.S.
Development of an advanced, research-based thesis as required for the M.S. in Arch. degree.
Master's Project
The Masters Project is the culmination of both the two-year and three-year Master of Architecture curricula -- the synthesis of architectural study into an independent project. The Project is, most commonly, the design of a building or in-depth research about specific aspects of the built environment. Specialized research and design within a wide range of architectural problems include site selection, consideration of architectural context and environmental impacts, development of user function and space programs, and architectural planning and design. Aesthetic and visual aspects and the intellectual foundations of the problem are carefully considered, as well as the technical aspects in the selection and integration of structural and environmental systems. Successful Masters project proposals will be grouped into "Areas of Focus" studios. After final acceptance of the presentation materials by the faculty advisor and the "Area of Focus" teaching faculty, the text, reductions of the drawings, and model photographs are bound together, which are deposited in the GRC and the University's library.
Research Problems
Research in Progress Forum
Research in Progress Forum presents students with opportunities (lectures and reading discussions) to engage with other researchers in the fields of architectural history/theory and technologies of the built environment.
ARCH IPRO
Special Problems
Continuance of Residence
This course provides a foundation for advanced students in the diversity of research paradigms in architecture. The first component is an introduction to philosophy of knowledge with an emphasis on architecture. The second component entails a critical review and evaluation of diverse research methodologies in current architectural research. It is intended to provide substantial information on advanced research methodologies. In this course students will write a series of papers that critically review the course readings and discussions.
Crafting a Dissertation
This course provides a context in which doctoral students can formulate their dissertation proposals. Through reading and discussion of model research projects and methodological studies, students will examine the challenges and potentials of locating a dissertation topic, shaping a hypothesis, selecting methods and interpretive frameworks, conducting research, and articulating a compelling argument. The course addresses both pragmatic and intellectual aspects of research. A primary goal is the writing of a draft dissertation proposal as the basis for the Ph.D. comprehensive exam. The course will follow a seminar format requiring significant reading, writing, and class participation.
Seminar in Theory and Technology I
It will explore the history of modern architectural theory from the late seventeenth-century to 1975 with special regard to technology and its relationship to architectural culture. At times architectural theory forms a backdrop to architectural practice while seemingly taking little account of technological events. At other times technology and its material innovations change the very nature of architectural practice and its discourse. The course will consist of short lecture, presentations, and discussion.
Seminar in Theory and Technology II
It will form a continuation of ARCH 611 and consider the interface of theory and technology over the last thirty years. Students will take a more active role in tailoring their participation to advance their research in the dissertation and thesis topics they wish to pursue. Larger thematic issues of theory and technology will be considered within the richness of contemporary debates and competing interests. Students will present papers and a collective seminar document or publication will be produced.
Research and Analysis Studio
Each research project must demonstrate an intellectual objective and an in-depth study that will contribute to the practice of architecture. The formulated problem should combine a theoretical search with the practical considerations of the profession. Research methods are identified that will provide the resources and information necessary for the design process. Post-occupancy building evaluations of similar problems are used to analyze technical assumptions, functional response, and social reaction.
Introduction to Architecture: Graduate Architetural Studio Preparatory
The emphasis of the course is on the fluid integration of manual and digital modes of representation into a cohesive process – a skill set essential for navigating the architectural studio. Concepts and techniques covered will be the foundational skills of the architect; the various modes of freehand drawing, imaging, descriptive and analytic orthographic projection, and architectural model-making.
Architecture Elective(s)
History, Theory, and Criticism I: Landscape Architecture Theory
Inquiry of natural factors and ecology (soil formations, geological features, hydrological patterns, catastrophic events, etc.) in the settlement and development of cities. The work of the seminar will include an inventory of these factors in selected global cities, including Chicago, and their influence on urban design and site-specific landscape architecture projects.
History, Theory, and Criticism II: Landscape Architectural History
The chronological history of designed landscapes with an emphasis on the emergence of the profession of landscape architecture in North America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
History, Theory, and Criticism IV: Advanced Contemporary Theory -- Case Studies
Twentieth century and contemporary landscape architecture is investigated through case studies including site visits to projects in the Chicago region.
History, Theory, and Criticism III: Landscape Architecture Research Seminar
Advanced study of landscape architecture topics with emphasis on research methods, description, analysis, and criticism.
Professional Practice of Landscape Architecture I: Entrepreneurship and Practice
Develop expertise in professional practice. Lectures, research assignments, and case studies will investigate practice models, proposals and contracts, schedules and budgets, project phases, project and client types, project team structure, the role of competitions, professional development, and licensure. In addition, the role of landscape architects, urban planners, real estate trusts, government agencies, developers, and others in directing the economic, professional, political, and socio-cultural concerns and responsibilities to initiate and manage landscapes will be investigated.
Professional Practice of Landscape Architecture II: Landscape Architecture and Time
Investigations of gardens, landscapes, infrastructure, and cities as they are conceived, mature, and change over time. Study of landscapes designed for successional processes, weathering, biological growth and decay, seasonality, preservation and conservation of historic landscapes, and other topics.
Design Media I: Drawing and Modeling the Landscape
Drawings (manual and digital) and models (physical and digital) will be employed to explore and interrogate landscape processes and envision ideas particular to landscape architecture such as mapping, time, movement, line, contour, texture, and materials, among others, while also developing a mastery of drawing conventions and media.
Design Media II: Digital Media
Using digital tools to clarify, conceptualize, represent, and communicate designed and engineered environments. A fluidity between critical, visual, and quantifiable digital techniques will be cultivated and will ground the management of information across software platforms.
Prerequisite(s): LA 525 with min. grade of C
Design Media III: Advanced Modeling and Fabrication-Dynamic Processes
Investigate advanced digital fabrication and modeling techniques necessary to understand complex three-dimensional surfaces, objects, and space, as well as dynamic landscape and urban processes. Modeling, rendering, scripting, and animation skills are used to conduct, generate, and communicate research.
Prerequisite(s): LA 525 with min. grade of C and LA 526 with min. grade of C
Landscape Architecture Studio I: Processes
Understanding the fundamental relationships of dynamic processes with an emphasis on representing time, movement, space, light, rhythms, shifting boundaries and enclosures, and physical materials of landscape.
Landscape Architecture Studio II: Site and City
Continued development of the core tools of the discipline of landscape architecture focusing on the 21st century city. Rigorous site analysis will include emphasis on material, cultural, and ecological expression of city-scale networks and flows at the site scale. Design investigations will explore the site itself, its adjacent conditions, and the larger neighborhood or civic milieu.
Landscape Architecture Studio III: Comprehensive Landscape Architecture
The integration of local ecologies, projected use, and the performance of ephemeral, semi-permanent, and permanent site interventions into cohesive and resilient design proposals for varied urban sites. Introduction to a wide range of site-specific professional design standards including the Americans with Disabilities Act and barrier-free regulations.
Landscape Architecture Studio IV: Site, City, and Region
Development of landscape architecture as a multi-scalar framework for designing dynamic urban processes and sites. Emphasis on research and design strategies that focus on the region as an analytical lens for site-specific design.
Prerequisite(s): LA 541 with min. grade of C or LA 543 with min. grade of C
Landscape Architecture Studio V: Metropolis
The cloud studio is a research-based design studio focused on investigating the complex forces that shape the built environment and proposing new strategies for urban development. The aim of the studio is to build a commentary and transformative agenda toward the future metropolis and to drive urban, architectural and landscape design solutions with the most advanced technologies and critical thought. The studio production is oriented toward the development of new strategies and future urban models with the aim of advancing the knowledge of relationships between urban thinking and materiality, technology, energy, ecology, emerging media, and socio-political and cultural concerns. Strong emphasis is put toward engagement with external parties and agencies to connect the academic environment with the professional practice and to promote cross-disciplinary collaboration. Students will be able to select from a variety of studio topics. Vertical studio integrating advanced BArch, MArch, MS, MLA, and PHD students.
Landscape Architecture Studio VI: Metropolis
The design-based research studio is a continuation of the LA 545 research-based design studio. It is focused on the development of the specific proposals based on the critical findings of LA 545. The aim of the studio is to develop formal solutions which address the complexities of modern metropolis and advance disciplinary knowledge at large. The studio production is oriented toward the development of projects in a variety of scales from large-scale master plans, urban designs, and landscape designs to new urban typologies and singular buildings, all of which can address a variety of the issues pertinent to the modern metropolis. The studios are formed in few thematic clusters which complement each other or serve as dialectical opposites. Each studio explores variety of techniques from parametric design, digital fabrication, model making, and advanced geospatial software to cultural and theoretical discourses. Vertical studio integrating advanced BArch, MArch, MLA, MS, and PHD students. Students will be able to select from varied studio topics.
Ecology and Materials Workshop I: Plants and Planting
The plants of the Western Great Lakes Basin, emphasizing both prominent native and commercially available species. Understanding and identifying species as found within typical plant communities. Familiarization with plant physiology as determined by climate, geology, topography, hydrology, soils, wildlife, and disturbances.
Ecology and Materials Workshop II: Earthworks and Infrastructures
The qualities and characteristics of landscape materials with emphasis on a quantitative and interrelated understanding of the design of landform (grading) and water. Covers the influence of climate, geology, soils, hydrology, and disturbances on the design of a site's constituent elements including paths and streets, infrastructure, plants, and water.
Ecology and Materials Workshop III: Planting Design and Construction
Advanced understanding of planting typologies, the history of plants in design, and the preparation of planting construction documentation augmented by frequent investigations and analysis of built landscapes in the Chicago region.
Ecology and Materials Workshop IV: Constructing the Urban Environment
Techniques and technologies to analyze, construct, remediate and/or restore urban sites including those that have been subjected to complex human disturbances such as landfills and brownfields. Includes special needs construction practices such as structured soils, phytoremediation, green roofs, and rooftop gardens.
Special problems in landscape architecture. For students in the master program in landscape architecture only.
Landscape Arch Elective(s)
Master of Architecture/Master of Landscape Architecture


text:
Lindsey Graham's Ukraine explanation will blow your mind
Posted November 6, 2019 6:32 p.m. EST
By Analysis by Chris Cillizza, CNN Editor-at-large
CNN — Defending President Donald Trump's oft-repeated claims that there was no quid pro quo in his relationship with Ukraine becomes more difficult by the day. Which forces Republicans to bend over backward -- and crush logic -- to do so.
Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, whose transformation from Trump critic to Trump confidant is one of the most remarkable things I have ever witnessed in politics, may have set the bar impossibly high Wednesday with his defense of Trump (and the broader administration) on charges of a quid pro quo.
Take it away, Lindsey!
"What I can tell you about the Trump policy toward Ukraine: It was incoherent, it depends on who you talk to, they seem to be incapable of forming a quid pro quo, so no I find the whole process to be a sham and I'm not going to legitimize it."
OK, OK. So what we have here is this argument: The Trump White House is so disorganized that they couldn't possibly have quid pro quo'ed it! They are too incompetent! So therefore, this whole thing is a sham!
(Sidebar: We heard this same argument from Republicans privately during the Mueller probe into Russia. The Trump campaign was too disorganized to collude!)
Here's the problem for Graham: We now know, thanks to US Ambassador to the EU Gordon Sondland's, uh, memory recovery that he told a top Ukrainian government official in September that US military aid was likely being held up due to the fact that an official announcement launching an investigation into Joe and Hunter Biden had not yet been made.
And that comes within weeks of acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney telling reporters that, yes, a desire to see Ukraine announce an investigation into the 2016 election was a reason why $400 million in American military aid was being withheld. "We do that all the time with foreign policy," Mulvaney said. "Get over it."
So whether or not Trump made the quid pro quo explicit in his July 25 phone call with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky -- and any neutral reading of that rough transcript suggests he came very close -- it's clear that by earlier this fall, the Ukrainians knew the deal: Open the required investigations or don't get the money. (The money was finally released on September 11.)
The Ukrainians had no way of knowing that the White House was, in Graham's formulation, too disorganized to push a quid pro quo. All they knew was that Sondland told a top aide to Zelensky what he believed the way to get the aid released was.
Graham's argument is a classic attempt to spin past events in a way that none of the players could have reasonably expected to understand in the moment. And incompetence, even if it's not fully known, is no excuse anyway.
The Point: Call Graham's "explanation" what it really is -- bad spin that directly contradicts known facts.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Remove spaces with regex I want to remove the space between two words with a regex, however this does not seem to work.
$pattern = "#\#is";
$txt = preg_replace($pattern, "\", $txt);

I also need this to work for multiple words, but only withing the  tags, as the rest of the text should have spaces. So a str_replace won't work (I think?)
Any tips?

A: The stable solution would be: Use DOM to retrieve the href value, use str_replace() to remove the spaces and then write back the value using DOM again.
Don't use regexes to handle html / xml.

A: Try this regex code to remove white spaces
\s+(?=[^()]*\

A: You can try the regex:
$txt = preg_replace('~(?:href="|(?<!^)\G)\K([^" ]*)\s+~g', "$1%20", $txt);

\G matches at the end of the previous match so that you can replace multiple spaces in a single attribute.
regex101 demo.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: De Sitter spacetime affine parameter I am reading Chapter 8 in Carroll's "Spacetime and geometry " textbook and I was lead to exercise 8.2, given as:

Consider de Sitter space in coordinates where the metric takes the form
  $$ds^{2} = -dt^{2} + e^{Ht}[dx^{2} + dy^{2} + dz^{2}]. $$
  Solve the geodesic equation for co-moving observers ($x^{i} = constant$) to find the affine parameter as a function of $t$. Show that the geodesics reach $t = -\infty $ in a finite affine parameter, demonstrating that these coordinates fail to cover the entire manifold.

By solving the geodesic equation I got $\lambda = \frac{1}{H}\exp^{Ht}$. Though I am not sure whether its correct as I am having trouble solving the last part.

A: The exercise is wrong (the errata says so), but it's easy to see why. The geodesic equations can be derived from the Lagrangian
$$L = \frac12 g_{\mu\nu}(x) \dot{x}^\mu \dot{x}^\nu,$$
where a dot is a derivative with respect to the affine parameter. For our metric (which should say $e^{2Ht}$ instead of $e^{Ht}$ but let's leave it like it is), the Lagrangian is
$$L = -\frac12 \dot{t}^2 + \frac12 e^{Ht} (\underbrace{\dot{x}^2 + \dot{y}^2 + \dot{z}^2}_{\equiv v^2})$$
and we have
$$\frac{\partial L}{\partial t} = \frac{H}{2} e^{Ht} v^2, \qquad \frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{t}} = -\dot{t},$$
leading to the Euler-Lagrange equation
$$\ddot{t} = - \frac{H}{2} e^{Ht} v^2$$
(and more for the spatial coordinates). Now, comoving observers are precisely those that don't move with respect to the comoving coordinates, so $v^2 = 0$ and $t$ is just a linear function of the affine parameter. To determine the constant of proportionality, we require that $g_{\mu\nu} \dot{x}^\mu \dot{x}^\nu = -1$, which is the condition that our wordline be parametrized by proper time. For our simple case with $\dot{x}^i = 0$, this gives that $\dot{t}^2 = 1$, so $t = \lambda + \text{const}$.
These coordinates do in fact only cover a portion of de Sitter space, but you can't get that from comoving geodesics.


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text:
Real-life Mario Kart hit with $458,000 blue shell from Nintendo
Syndicate will feature 9 missions from original game
Sehran Shaikh
News PC PS3 Xbox 360
Syndicate an upcoming FPS game from Electronic Arts will features a total of Nine Missions from the original game. This clearly suggest that developer Starbreeze Studio haven't strayed from the root of the game entirely, although they completely changed the genre from tactical shooter to an FPS.
Syndicate will launch in February 2012 for PC, PS3 and Xbox 360. The game is a reboot of the Syndicate series developed by Bullfrog Productions. Watch the new co-op trailer of the game below.


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text:
Q: Keep elements from collapsing in on each other when page shrinks Currently anytime you shrink the page, my elements end up moving on top of each other instead of just causing the page to scroll.. can anyone point me in the right direction?

<title> Div Blocks</title>

Ive tried floating the elements, using the table trick, using overflow, and yet i cant seem to get it to work properly.

A: Using position: absolute; removes the elements from the flow of the page so they will not 'run into' each other. Instead, if you can figure out how to do it without that, you will get the desired effect. You can also set a min-width on the page, but it will not cause vertical scroll but horizontal.

A: It is hard to say but it seems that you have issues with your absolute positioning...
Look at this page  http://jsfiddle.net/RQ8QA/1/
Notice that I changed everything from position:absolute to position:relative.

A: The obvious solution as far as I can see would be to wrap all of your elements in a fixed-width container, which will not resize when the browser is shrank.
If you're trying to keep a variable-width, a solution I've found myself using quite a lot recently has been to make all of your elements inline (or inline-block), place them next to each other, and then add white-space: nowrap to their container.

        ...

        ...

        ...

        ...

Note that the succeeding elements are touching:

 div {
    white-space: normal;
    display: inline-block; }

Note that you need to set white-space: normal in each of your inner elements if you want them to behave normally.


text:
Arts & Garden
Home Arts & Garden
Allen Park -City Park
400 Courtney Ottawa IL 61350 home Website: http://www.cityofottawa.org
Amenities: Amphitheater, Benches, 2 Boat Launches, 3 Docks, Fishing Area, Parking, Picnic Tables, Playground, Toboggan Run, Riverwalk, Shelters, Washrooms
In the winter bundle up and slide on down – the toboggan run is fun for the whole family! Bring your sled and enjoy a day in the snow at Ottawa's Toboggan Run – Located on the east side of Allen Park.
Art Sculptures in Allen Park
400 Courtney Street Ottawa IL 61350 home
Towering forty feet above the Illinois River and weighing an astonishing seventeen tons each, these two massive steel sculptures are now registered with the Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog and can be found in Ottawa's own picturesque Allen Park. Created by native artist, Mary Meinz-Fanning, these historical art structures are fashioned from parts of Ottawa's old Hilliard Bridge, originally built in 1933. The yellow sculpture is named "Reclining" and the red one is known as "Bending". It was Fanning's vision that both sculptures serve as a commeration to the old bridge. Come marvel at their unique construction as you stroll along the river.
Broomhill Garden
Columbus & Madison Street Ottawa IL 61350 home
Canal Street Art Walk
Canal Street Ottawa IL 61350 home
You'll see three new nine-foot mosaic pillars when you drive down Canal Street in Ottawa.
Artist Susan Burton designed the pillars, which were unveiled Wednesday at the Canal Street Art Walk. Volunteers helped put together thousands of glass pieces to form the images of flowers, bees, and butterflies.
General W. H. L. Wallace
815 LaSalle Street Ottawa IL 61350 work Phone: 815-214-2123work
Designed and painted by: G. Byron Peck
William Hervy Lamme Wallace could have begun the practice of law with a Springfield lawyer named Abraham Lincoln. Instead, while traveling to Springfield, he met Ottawan T. Lyle Dickey and established a successful law practice here. Dickey and Wallace were to enjoy a long and close relationship, first as law partners, then as soldiers in the Mexican War, then as father- and son-in-law after Wallace married Dickey's daughter, Ann. On politics they did not always see eye-to-eye, but when the Civil War came, they were fighting on the same side, The Union.
Even as Wallace was lying wounded on the Shiloh battlefield, his wife was struggling to reach her husband in Tennessee. She was to spend the final moments of Wallace's life by his bedside.
Wallace, Ann and their daughter Isabelle are shown in the mural created by G. Byron Peck. The faces of several of the soldiers who surround the painted general are Ottawa soldiers. Honored by military historians for withstanding a Confederate onslaught at the Battle of Shiloh, Wallace was nearly forgotten in his adopted hometown until the mural brought him and his heroism to life again. Wallace now lies in a family cemetery on Ottawa's north bluff, not far from the home he built in 1858. The two-story Gothic Revival-style home known as "The Oaks" is also pictured in the mural. The Wallaces furnished their eight-room house in a handsome fashion with furniture brought west from Boston, Mass. In the late 1930s, the house was made into a state museum, but it was eventually sold to a private owner and its contents, which still included many of Wallace's personal possessions, were liquidated.
Ann's father, T. Lyle Dickey, is also buried in the family cemetery. His home, "Valley View" is also located on the north bluff.
T. Lyle Dickey was a respected Ottawa attorney and justice of the Illinois State Supreme Court, as well as a commander in the Union cavalry in the Civil War. He was a circuit court judge from 1848-51, and from 1868 to 1870, served as an assistant U.S. Attorney General, carrying arguments to the
U.S. Supreme Court. From 1875 until his death in 1885, he was a justice on the Illinois Supreme Court. Dickey was a beloved friend of Abraham Lincoln, and their friendship endured despite political differences. Dickey campaigned for Stephen Douglas against Lincoln. During most of his stays in Ottawa, Lincoln was a house guest of the Dickeys.
Heritage Tour – An Illustrated Guide
Phone: 815-434-2737work Email: [email protected]INTERNET
Pick up a copy of this illustrated guide to "the places, faces and ornamentation of Ottawa" and get ready for a magical history tour! Learn about the people who made Ottawa great and who built Ottawa's breathtaking and imposing skyline.
Historic Old Town District
LaSalle Street Prairie Plantings, streetscape flower beds, art sculptures
History of Communications
216 W. Lafayette Street Ottawa IL 61350 home Phone: 815-214-2123work
Artist:Tim Trumbo
The History of Communications mural can be read as a historical timeline starting from left to right, beginning with the arrival of French voyagers in the 1700's marking the visit of Father Pierre Marquette and explorer Louis Joliet. Their success marked the first communication for the local natives to the outside world.
Next the mural progresses through Walker's Trading Post. Walker's was the first building on the north side of the Illinois River. The rivers were an important means of communication as mail and news came via river boat. The scene continues as we see a mail wagon using the stagecoach road. Roads were vital in connecting the areas many villages.
The mural then chugs along to show the mail trains as well as the telegraph lines that followed them. Behind the train, in blue, is one of the first Ottawa Silica Sands factories, a nod to Ottawa being the "Sand Capital of the World"
We then go on to see more modern forms of communication such as telephones, television, radio all the way to the internet and cell phones.
If you look closely you will see scenes from all the other murals in Ottawa. Have fun finding them!
Imagine & Learn with Bob McGrath
Jefferson School 1709 Columbus Street Ottawa IL 61350 home Phone: 815-214-2123work
Designed and painted by: Vicki Crone
Two familiar faces peer down at you from the Jefferson School wall. Yes, the guy with yellow feathers and beak, that's Big Bird! But look over his shoulder at the fellow flying high in an airplane as an alphabet trail sputters behind him.
It's Bob McGrath, a star of the "Sesame Street" children's program, author, musician and Ottawa area native. In this mural, Bob is again the star, honored in vivid color for his contribution to children's education.
Objects in the mural swirl as fast and as far as a child's imagination! Here you can travel to the East Coast of the United States, or to the universe! Cartoon characters lend a touch of whimsy to the art as real Ottawa children take center-stage singing, dancing, painting, playing make-believe or offering comfort.
Artist Vicki Crone cleverly incorporates the Jefferson School windows into the binoculars and telescope aimed by the visionary characters at you, the passersby, and into the future!
Jordan Block
LaSalle & Main Street Ottawa IL 61350 home
Across the street from the iconic LaSalle County Courthouse you will find the Jordan Block, Art & Sculpture Gardens and currently event space.
First National Bank Madison Street Ottawa IL 61350 home Phone: 815-241-2123work
Artist: Thomas Melvin
As you look at the painting, notice the limestone façade surrounding the painting. This is very much how the front of the bank looked during the Great Depression of the 1930's.
To the left of the revolving door is the bank president's office. The right side shows the teller cages. In the left window you see stacks of $20 bills. These stacks total one million dollars. This money was taken from the vault each morning and displayed in the bank president's window to show that the bank was solvent and depositors' money was safe, and this suppress any "runs" on the bank.
The First National Bank of Ottawa was the only local bank to survive the crisis of the 1930's. The bank has been operation continually since 1865.
If you look closely you will notice a few subtle messages in the mural that reflect Ottawa's local history.
Open Space Art Gallery and Studios
223 W Madison St Ottawa Illinois 61350 home Home Phone: (815) 293-7099home Website: http://www.osartstudios.com
Open Space on Madison St
Open Space is a contemporary art gallery and community arts center based in Ottawa, Illinois, right in the heart of Starved Rock Country. We show all Illinois based artists and teach classes to all ages and skill levels. Stop in and see what we're all about!
Ottawa Boat Club
500 Columbus Street Ottawa IL 61350 home Home Phone: 815-433-0379home Email: [email protected]INTERNET Website: http://www.ottawaboatclub.com
The Ottawa Boat Club is a historic landmark located at the confluence of the Illinois and Fox Rivers. Founded in 1885 as a nautical rowing and social club, it has remained at its current location of 500 Columbus Street since 1903. The building now provides a unique and elegant space for all types of events, including weddings, reunions, meetings, and more. In addition, the Boat Club's bar is open to the public on the weekends during the summer months.
Ottawa Canal Town
909 Clinton Street Ottawa IL 61350 home Phone: 815-214-2123work
Designed and painted by: Gregory Ackers
The Erie or the Panama may have been bigger or longer, but the Illinois and Michigan Canal joins those ambitious public works projects in shaping the region in which it was built. Designed as a vital link in the interstate transportation system, the I&M became the first and most ambitious of the state's internal improvements.
The canal meant goods and grain could be shipped efficiently and that lumber and supplies vital to the settlement of Ottawa could be transported here. It attracted settlers and land speculators who became some of the area's leading citizens.
Also attracted by the promise of life in the west were thousands of laborers, mostly Irish immigrants, who built the canal and chose to stay in the area. Their life was a hard one. Begun in 1836 and completed 12 years later just as the railroads were expanding as passenger routes, the canal never reached its full potential. During 75 years of operation, however, it shaped Ottawa and other towns along its route. Now a popular hiking and biking trail, it continues to be a vital part of the region.
Ottawa's Earliest Residents
812 LaSalle Street Ottawa IL 61350 home Phone: 815-214-2123work
Designed and painted by: Roger Cooke Fine Arts
Before French explorers entered the Illinois Valley or white settlers sowed crops and built homes here, the valley was populated by Native American Indian tribes. They recognized the confluence of the Illinois and Fox rivers as an ideal trading center, and thousands settled in a grand village along what is now Dee Bennett Road between Ottawa and Utica.
These early residents relied on that great beast of the plains, the buffalo, as a source of food, clothing, medicine and other items necessary for their daily lives. Armed with bows and arrows, the hunters rounded up buffalo herds in canyons to make the animals easy targets. The ritual "buffalo run" has given the state park, Buffalo Rock, its name.
In the mural, a quartet of wooly bison jostle each other in their rush to escape, seeming ready to stampede into LaSalle Street traffic! Two hunters kneel and take aim, their sinewy arms drawing back the bowstrings and their eyes narrowing intensely as they focus on their targets. In the distance, the tawny grass of an Illinois Valley bluff stretches to the blue-gray horizon and the Illinois River.
Peltier Glass Factory
LaSalle & Jefferson Street Ottawa IL 61350 home Phone: 815-214-2123work
Designed and painted by: E. Colin Williams and Murals by Jericho
In 1886, a young French glassblower named Victor Peltier opened his own company in Ottawa. Peltier Glass made opalescent glass, sheet glass, stained glass and glass marbles. In this mural, you can spot not only the innovative machinery that occupied the factory, such as the marble-making machine, but see some of the products that the factory made.
St. Patrick's Church and Chicago's Cultural Center represent some of Peltier's clientele, as does the Ford Motor Co., which purchased Peltier glass for headlamps and shift knobs.
Louis Comfort Tiffany, whose lamps and products were much sought-after home decor, purchased colored glass from Peltier. Populating the mural are some of Peltier's smallest customers (painters copied the faces of current Ottawa children) as they enjoy a 19th century pastime of shooting marbles. From Ottawa's oldest factory, Peltier's glass has traveled to all corners of the globe.
Radium Dial Memorial
Corner of Clinton Street & Jefferson Street Ottawa IL 61350 home
The Radium Girls were factory workers who contracted radiation poisoning from painting watch dials with glow-in-the-dark paint. The women, who had been told the paint was harmless, ingested deadly amounts of radium by licking their paintbrushes to sharpen them. Five of the women challenged their employer in a case that established the right of individual workers who contract occupational diseases to sue their employers.
The Radium Girls saga holds an important place in the history of both the field of health physics and the labor rights movement. The right of individual workers to sue for damages from corporations due to labor abuse was established as a result of the Radium Girls case. In the wake of the case, industrial safety standards were demonstrably enhanced for many decades.
The case was settled in the fall of 1928, before the trial deliberated by the jury, and the settlement for each of the Radium Girls was $10, 000 ($135,349 in today's terms) and a $600 per year annuity ($8,121 per term year in today's terms) while they loved and all medical and legal expenses incurred would also be paid by the company.
The lawsuit and resulting publicity was a factor in the establishment of occupational disease labor law. Radium dial painters were instructed in proper safety precautions and provided with protective gear; in particular, they no longer shaped paint brushes by lip, and avoided ingesting or breathing the paint. Radium paint was still used in dials as late as the 1960's, but there were no further injuries to dial painters. This served to highlight that the injuries suffered by the Radium Girls were completely preventable.
Southside of Central Life Building 628 – 630 Columbus Street Ottawa IL 61350 work
In 1919, women got the right to vote. A pivotal moment. "Revolution" overlooking the
confluence of the Fox and Illinois Rivers, is a tribute to Ottawa's, and America's tenacious women exploding into independence. Our ladies oversee the heart of Ottawa, remembering bustling speakeasies, hotels, and trolleys. With John Pugh's Trompe L' Oeil mural, we witness a revolution in time and culture. Two flappers perched on the ledge of our infamous Zeller Inn toast passersby. Luminous green radium gas oozes and swirls behind. "Poppy", by 'The Mother of American Modernism', Georgia O'Keefe, epitomizes the feminine revolution. Rotating downward, peering at us through misty revolving windows are two heroic Radium Dial women. The first from New Jersey, then Ottawan Charlotte Purcell, both poisoned by radon. Charlotte with a handful of unswerving Ottawa Radium Dial women laid the foundation for today's worker protection laws. Look closely and you will find hidden images within.
Ottawa IL 61350 home Phone: 815-434-2737work Email: [email protected]INTERNET
Take a leisurely stroll or bike ride along the Fox and Illinois Rivers on Ottawa's beautiful Riverwalk. You'll enjoy beautiful river and scenic views as the Riverwalk winds along the rivers and through some of Ottawa's public parks and boat launches. Don't forget to bring your disc golf or fishing gear, the Riverwalk passes by Ottawa's Disc Golf course and many different fishing spots.
Streetscape Reflections
LaSalle & Madison Street Northeast corner Ottawa IL 61350 home Cell Phone: 815-214-2123cell
Designed and painted by: Joshua Winer
Ottawans regularly marched in parades, cheered for them or stood transfixed along the route as the city hosted this most universal of celebrations. Parades brought people together, and brought them to a vibrant and bustling downtown.
Artist Joshua Winer envisioned a parade as a means of populating Ottawa's unique architectural landscape. He wove prominent citizens and familiar faces in to the painting as marchers or bystanders. Mayor Phil Bailey doffs his top hat, and State's Attorney Harland Warren raises his hand in a wave. Warren gained prominence during the area's most
notorious murder case, the Starved Rock Murders.
Along the route are Ottawa residents who, then and now, have enriched our community and given Ottawa its distinctive character. The muralist captured a pivotal decade which was defined by a mixture of complacency and unrest. Ottawa, like America, emerged from the decade stronger, wiser and ready to sprint forward into the 21st century!


It doesn't matter if they play the best friend or the hot mom, actors and actresses are photogenic in one way or the other. One might even venture to say that most celebrities are smokin' hot. But what if you changed something about those celebrities that would possibly undo all those good looks? Would you still want to watch those celebrities talk into cameras? One look at some of your favorite celebrities with no eyebrows, and boy do things get really weird, really fast! From swimsuit models, to TV hunks, pretty much everyone looks like a creep when you shave off their eyebrows. Prepare to see what cannot be unseen and take a look at these celebrities without eyebrows.
Everyone loves looking at funny celebrity photos, and you've really earned a look at some super weird pictures of celebrities like Beyonce and Justin Bieber without any eyebrows. A bit of forewarning: These photos cannot be unseen. You'll never again be able to look at Kate Upton without her eyebrowless face haunting your every waking moment. But then again, maybe that sounds like a lot of fun to you, and if that's the case then you're in for a thrilling afternoon.
Get ready to forget everything you know about these photogenic actors and actresses with this list of celebrities who should shave their eyebrows. Vote up the actors who should totally shave their eyebrows below!
This is what he gets for Dirty Grandpa.
The downside to coming in like a wrecking ball.
Justin Bieber, or a young Pinhead?
"I don't always shave my eyebrows, but when I do I look like a California Raisin."