To help you make the switch from Snow Leopard, we rounded up our helpful Mac OS X Lion how-tos to help you install, master, and tweak Apple's newest operating system.
With new features like autosave, versions, and mission control, there's good reason to be intrigued by Mac OS X Lion. The new operating system carries the same intuitive interface as Snow Leopard, but adds a slew of new features, settings, and trackpad gestures.
To help you make the switch, we've rounded up our helpful Mac OS X Lion How-Tos.
If you're upgrading from Snow Leopard, start with our best practices for installing Lion before moving onto the tips, tricks, and hacks that we like best. Or, if you were lucky enough to pick up a machine with Lion preinstalled, feel free to skip directly to learning the ropes and tweaking your settings.
Before you run and install Mac OS X Lion from the App Store, we have five things you need to do.
While Lion may seem like an enticing installation, some programs are not yet compatible with it. You may wish to maintain Snow Leopard in a dual-boot setup to maintain compatibility. Here is how to do this.
If you think that gestures and Mission Control are Lion's hottest features, think again. We rounded up five little-known but awesome Lion features you may have missed.
If you're a seasoned Mac user, you'll immediately notice that navigation is different in Lion. There's an entirely new set of gestures, some of which are used for two new features: Mission Control and Launchpad. If you prefer a written guide to Mission Control, check it out here.
Mac OS X Lion brings youAutosave and Versions, two features that are going to save you a lot of trouble when editing documents.
Printing a document, signing it, scanning it, and then e-mailing it back to someone is a hassle. OS X Lion has added a new feature that will allow you to digitally sign a document using Preview.
Want to bring back the double-tap-to-drag gesture on your MacBook? We'll show you how.


The Nissan Qashqai has been celebrated as the Most Popular Crossover at the Honest John Awards 2015. The British-built crossover was the most popular model in its class, scoring more page views than any other crossover over the past 12 months.
"The Qashqai is the UK's first crossover, but Nissan has not rested on its laurels, with its latest model surpassing the original on every level, with sleeker looks, better engines and more interior space." said Dan Harrison, Editor of HonestJohn.co.uk.
"In our opinion the Qashqai is one of the best crossovers money can buy and our readers clearly agree. Over the past 12 months our readers have viewed the Nissan Qashqai more than any other model in its sector."


In order to avoid a burn do not uncover a radiator, while the engine and a radiator still hot. A burning liquid and steam can be splashed out under pressure if the cover is removed too early.
The cooling system should be served as follows.
Check up system of cooling about leak or damage.
Помойте a cover of a radiator and a bulk mouth pure water, having uncovered a radiator when the engine will cool down.
Check up level of a cooling liquid.
By means of the device for tightness check check up ability of system and a radiator cover to keep corresponding pressure – 110 кПа (1.1 kg/sm2, 15.6 пси). If it is required to replace a cover, use the corresponding cover intended for this vehicle.
After installation of a cover of a radiator (1) on a radiator (2), be convinced that its clip is levelled with a hose of the tank (3). If is not present, turn a cover (1) still to level its clip with a hose (3).
Check up, that clips of hoses have been reliably fastened and examine all hoses. Replace треснутые, blown up or otherwise spoilt hoses.
Clean a forward surface of a core of a radiator.


Eat, Stay, Play: Aruba - 'Oh the People You Meet!
Aruba was given it's nickname, The Happy Island, for good reason. With an around-the-year average of 82 degrees, crystal waters and killer snorkeling and diving, these islanders are all smiles. The island lies far outside the hurricane belt, protecting it from the hazardous storm season that haunts most Caribbean destinations. While the weather and surroundings certainly make for a "happy" place, its the people that bring the name to life.
Enjoy local catches prepared in savory sauces and sweet fruit chutneys. For an uber healthy meal to reenergize after a day in the sun, order the superfood salad with chia seeds, shitake mushrooms and carrot ginger dressing to name just a few of the ingredients. You know you're in the right place when you run into your new local friends.
Owned by Belgian-born sisters, Boardwalk Small Hotel is a handful of brightly colored and cheerfully decorated pousadas. You'll be just a block from the beach, close enough to hear the waves of the Caribbean Sea from your balcony.
Yoga Girl Rachel Brathen teaches in her backyard when not traveling the world for master classes and book signings. Take a stab at not just standing but practicing yoga on a paddleboard.
Photo Credits (top to bottom): Yamanja; Nikki Pepper at Boardwalk Small Hotel; Rachel Brathen.


text:
Q: adding design packages (bpls) in delphi IDE (automatically) I am trying to automate Delphi Environment regeneration we have bunch of bpl-s that has to be installed in a fresh delphi.
I need to automate this somehow from Delphi 5 it would be : Components->Install Packages->Add...
Any ideas?
Thanks.

A: The list of installed IDE packages is stored in registry, so you could update it there.
The actual location depends on Delphi version, on my machine for D7 it's:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Borland\Delphi\7.0\Known Packages
and for D2007 it's
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Borland\BDS\4.0\Known Packages

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Bankruptcy in Canada is a legal process to deal with your debts, administered by a trustee in bankruptcy. The purpose behind bankruptcy is to eliminate your debts and give you a fresh start.
Deciding to file for bankruptcy is a difficult decision. When making the choice to go bankrupt, you need to be sure that bankruptcy is the right choice for you and if it is, what is involved in the process of filing for bankruptcy. To help you with this decision, the trustees at Bankruptcy Canada have put together these additional articles about bankruptcy, what it costs and how it affects you and your family.
Everything you should know about bankruptcy in Canada. What it is. The benefits.
Knowing the causes of bankruptcy may help you identify financial problems early.
Bankruptcy is not for everyone. Learn when declaring bankruptcy makes sense.
A professional trustee will explain all your debt relief options, not just bankruptcy.
Bankruptcy is not free. Learn about the three costs of filing bankruptcy in Canada.
It is a myth that bankruptcy is meant to be punitive. You will not lose everything.
Every year hundreds of thousands of Canadians file for bankruptcy in Canada. See who files bankruptcy across the country.
If you are thinking of filing personal bankruptcy in Canada, your next step should be to contact a trustee in your area to discuss your personal situation. It is important when you are considering bankruptcy to know that bankruptcy is not your only option. There are alternatives to bankruptcy that may give you similar relief from your debts but are better suited to your particular situation. One such alternative is a consumer proposal to creditors. Your trustee will help you decide if personal bankruptcy is the right option for you. There are many reasons why you may need to file bankruptcy but bankruptcy may not be your best solution.


2), actin, vimentin and cytokeratin 14 and negative for cytokeratin 18 and 19.
In vitro expression of cytokeratin 18, 19 and tube formation of adipose-derived stem cells induced by the breast epithelial cell line HBL-100," Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, vol.
M30 antibody detects degraded fragments of cytokeratin 18 (dCK18) in the cytoplasm of a cell undergoing apoptosis and is considered the cytoplasmic end product of apoptosis.
A and B, Photomicrographs showing focal faint cytoplasmic positivity for M30/fragmented cytokeratin 18 immunostain in both crypts and villi of duodenal biopsy specimens from controls.
This assay provides an integrative measure of apoptosis based on the accumulation of a caspase-cleavage product of cytokeratin 18 (ccCK18) in cells and culture medium.
Levels of cytokeratin 18, a potential marker of disease activity in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), decreased by an average of 45%.
The TPS assay is a monoclonal test specific to the M3-binding region on cytokeratin 18.
Immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin 18 and its neo-epitope in human salivary glands and pleomorphic adenomas," Anticancer Research, vol.
16) Cytokeratin 18 is reactive in the physaliphorous cells, a supposed, but questionable, distinction from fetal notochordal tissue (see below).
20] It is a monoclonal antibody called M30, which recognizes a neoepitope of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) in paraffin-embedded tissue.


Last chance before we close for the the summer; Thursdays April 25, May 2, May 9 May 16 and May 23 at 1 pm to 6 pm. (UTC +01) Our store is located in the west harbor of Malmö. You will find us across the park from Turning Torso at Einar Hansens Esplanad 41-43, Malmö.
There are some parking spots just outside the store. When using parking apps such as Parkster, Mobila or Easypark - use area code 409. Parking machine will be found on Fregattgatan. A spacious parking house is located only a few minutes walk away - next to Netto.
From Central station: Hop on bus 5 towards Västra hamnen. The stop is Ubåtshallen. Pass by Netto - towards Turning Torso - and you will find us located at the right side of the park. Approximately 3-5 minute walk.


IFBB Professional League Men's Physique Pro Raymont Edmonds Interviewed By J.M. Manion 6-weeks Out From The 2019 Arnold Classic USA. Filmed in Pittsburgh, PA At The NPC Photo Gym.
Next articleThe Thing I Wish I Knew: NPC Bikini Competitor Nikki Politi.


text:
RBI cannot allow foreign law cos under Fema: SC
Written by Indu Bhan | Indu Bhan | New Delhi | Updated: Jul 5 2012, 06:51am hrs
Kerala dumps its waste, does not collect it
2G spectrum auction guidelines out
RBI cannot permit foreign law firms under Fema: SC
The Supreme Court on Wednesday asked the RBI not to give permission to foreign law firms to open liaison offices in India under foreign exchange (Fema) laws till the court takes a final call on the issue.
While refusing to stay the Madras High Court judgment, an apex court bench headed by justice RM Lodha sought reply from AK Balaji (the petitioner in the HC), the ministries of law, home, finance and external affairs, income tax department, RBI, and 31 foreign law firms, Integreon, an LPO, and others.
Besides, the court clarified that the foreign law firms should follow Advocates Act,1961, which covers both litigious and non-litigious work.
Earlier in 1994, RBI had allowed three foreign law firms White & Case LLP, Ashurst LLP and Chadbourne & Parke LLP to open liaison offices with the condition that these firms would not earn any income in India.
The lawyers involved in the matter feel that the apex court has in effect barred any kind of legal practice by foreign law firms including advisory work in India till the disposal of the matter.
The Bar Council of India (BCI) has challenged the Madras HC's February 21 judgment that held that foreign law firms or foreign lawyers cannot practice the profession of law in India either on the litigation or non-litigation side, unless they fulfill the requirement of the Advocates Act, 1961 and the BCI rules. However, the HC had stated that there is no bar either in the Advocates Act or the BCI Rules for foreign law firms or foreign lawyers to visit India for a temporary period on a fly in and fly out basis, for the purpose of giving legal advise on foreign law to their clients in India. The HC also held that foreign lawyers cannot be debarred from coming to India and conducting arbitration proceedings in disputes involving international commercial arbitration.
BCI has challenged the Madras HC order on the ground that these foreign law firms are allegedly violating provisions of the 1961 Act by providing legal services in India.
The petition also stated that only lawyers and law firms from those countries that offer similar opportunity to Indian lawyers and law firms should be entitled to practice in India.
Alleging that most foreign law firms exist in India through the Legal Process Outsourcing (LPO) outfits, the council said that most foreign law firms have their back end offices in India, which not only does their back end activities, but also provides legal services in India.
Chennai lawyer Balaji had moved the HC just few months after the Bombay High Court had passed a landmark judgment which practically denied foreign law firms entry into India on the basis of the existing laws.
Tweets by FinancialXpress
The Express Group
Exims
Copyright © 2022 The Indian Express [P] Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Managing your time in a busy office can be an insurmountable task in and of itself. In this post Dyfrig Williams looks at the changes he's made to the way that he works.
A change in personal circumstances has recently meant that I've been working more from home. Not my home in Cardiff, but my partner's home in Exeter. Kelly is an incredible writer, so instead of outlining how this started, I'll signpost you to her fantastic post on our relationship and digital romance.
At this point I feel that I've got to say that I'm incredibly lucky to be working in an organisation that has helped me to balance my work commitments with my personal life, and also that I'm fortunate to work within a fantastic team who are incredibly supportive. Project wise, everything has been pretty seamless. This might be because we're already geographically dispersed – Beth lives and works in North Wales and currently half of Chris' working life is spent on secondment with Bangor University. Fortunately for us, Ena also works incredibly hard from our Cardiff office.
Remote working has its challenges, but it's enabled me to rigorously examine how I work. To put this into context, I'm so disorganised that I've been on two time management courses. Neither of these changed anything, and I'm not convinced that a training course was the most appropriate way to solve the issue. However I'm also acutely aware of my weakness, so I set up systems and processes to help me combat my poor organisational skills. I now set up a Trello board for each topic that I work on, and the Wales Audit Office's recent upgrade to Office 365 means that I can sync these to my Outlook Calendar so that I have regular updates when tasks are due.
More than anything, working from home has highlighted just how much time I waste during the day. I'm a firm believer that social media should be social, so I log on to our work accounts a few times in the day to learn from others and share key messages. However my defacto purpose was to undertake the fun and social learning that I love, and to avoid some of the more monotonous yet essential tasks that keep the Good Practice Exchange's show on the road. Cue some difficult conversations with myself. Now I'm focusing my work around effecting change and evidencing outcomes.
I've asked a fair few members of our staff how they would like to hear about changes to our systems for our Cutting Edge Audit project. A fairly typical response was that email was probably best, but that staff are facing an avalanche of them. I don't think we're alone in facing this challenge – Halton Housing found that their average employee spends 40% of their working week dealing with internal email that adds no value to the business before they switched off their internal email.
One person I spoke to questioned how people had the time to go on Yammer. What I've found interesting is that people see a clear distinction between two modes of conversation that could both be used for the same purpose. Answering email sometimes seems to be an end in and of itself. Surely it's distracting us from productive work in the same perceived way as Yammer does? I used to have my inbox open all day, which meant that I dealt with emails as and when they came in. I now only open my inbox a couple of times a day to answer emails. After all, no one emails in an emergency.
After reading Oliver Burkeman's article on time management (which is also available as a podcast), I'm convinced that Merlin Mann's Inbox Zero, a rigorous approach to email that aims to keep our inboxes empty, leads people into answering emails at the expense of real work. And as Burkeman says, "becoming hyper-efficient at processing email meant I ended up getting more email: after all, it's often the case that replying to a message generates a reply to that reply, and so on". So email becomes a default mode of communication, whether it's appropriate or not. The crux of everything is that by managing email in this way "you're still Sisyphus, rolling his boulder up that hill for all eternity – you're just rolling it slightly faster".
Should we ditch the office?
Working from home also means that I have two days free of meetings per week, which gives me plenty of opportunity to undertake deep work away from distraction. I'm a social animal so I'm not advocating a move away from social interaction. Basecamp's No Talk Thursdays and Library Rules sound like hell to me. I'm a firm believer that we need people to emotionally invest and buy in to the work we're doing, and enjoying work is a key part of getting work done. However tools like Doodle can help us to think about what time suits us as individuals as we opt in to meetings, instead of scheduling based on time available in our calendars.
To me, Basecamp's approaches show that there's no such thing as a blanket rule for efficient working. By happenstance I've been able to look at what I do and make adjustments based on what works in different environments. This has all been written from a personal perspective, and not everyone works in the same way. It's important that we look at what these tools can do in the context of how they can make us more productive as teams and individuals.
I started off this post by talking about work/life balance and how the Wales Audit Office has facilitated that. To me, this is at the heart of time management. If you're forever looking to be more efficient so you can cram more work in, then the likelihood is that you'll be unable to avoid the stress that you were looking to combat. But if you're instead looking to better balance your life, you're able to ensure that you're focusing your work where it has the most value. This approach has made my work more fulfilling, and I've been able to focus on my personal life and do more of the things that matter to me. I'm at the beginning of my journey and I'm going to see how this develops. As I mentioned above, this isn't a one-size fits all approach, so if you've got time management tips that work for you, I'd love to hear from you.
This entry was posted in Communicating and tagged basecamp, Email, productivity, remote working, time management, trello, working from home on March 14, 2017 by Good Practice Exchange.


text:
OPSI Site
Dialogues Network
High Level Forum
Health Systems for the Future – Resilience, Collaboration, innovation
Nov 18, 2020 @ 11:00 am - 12:15 pm UTC+1
« United We Stand: Exploring new collaboration architectures in uncertain times
Charting a way out of complexity: Portfolios, Systems and Anticipation »
*** Alert: The latest details for this session and other Government After Shock Global Forum (18 November) sessions are available on the OECD Virtual Events Platform. On this platform, you can view the full agenda, register to attend, build your own personal agenda, and network with other participants. See (https://oecd-events.org/government-after-shock). ***
ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION: Health Systems for the Future – Resilience, Collaboration, innovation
Health systems have faced immense strain, criticism and praise as they responded, innovated and adapted out of necessity. The digitalisation of health services have been accelerated at unprecedented pace to secure the continuous delivery of public services. The measures introduced to curb the spread of the virus have required citizens to adopt and comply with new behaviours (hand washing, social distancing) which called for rapid online and offline public communication. The rapid spread of the virus has required a fast requalification of workers to aid overcharged hospital staff. The rapidity of these changes invites a reflection on the responsiveness and long-term resilience of health systems, whether this will be dependent on their ability to adapt on an ongoing basis or whether this will be limited to the exceptional circumstances of the crisis. The session will invite a reflection on the lessons learned and directions of change of health systems following the crisis.
Ilze Vinkele, Minister of Health, Latvia
Ran Balicer, Chief Innovation Officer at Clalit Health Services & Founding Director, Clalit Research Institute
Leo Varadkar, Deputy Prime Minister, Ireland
View the full agenda and register now for the high-level forum.
11:00 am - 12:15 pm UTC+1
Observatory of Public Sector Innovation, OECD
https://oecd-opsi.org/
Ilze Viņķele
United We Stand: Exploring new collaboration architectures in uncertain times
Charting a way out of complexity: Portfolios, Systems and Anticipation
Artificial Intelligence Behavioural Insights Climate change Communication Data Digital Government Eastern Europe Emerging Practice Europe Food security French Gender Based Violence Germany Health Inclusive Policy Insights from the edge Latin America Leadership Insights Local Government Main Event Methods for uncertain futures Open Government Public Employment Rules as Code South America Spanish Sustainable development Systems thinking Western Balkans
Gov After Shock
2, rue André Pascal 75016 Paris
Phone: +(33-1) 85 55 68 68
OPSI Website
Terms of Sercvice
This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 870913.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)


1999-06-21 Assigned to SHERWOOD SERVICES AG reassignment SHERWOOD SERVICES AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VALLEYLAB INC.
An active electrode switches from a monopolar mode extending from a handpiece and a patient return to a bipolar mode with the active and return electrodes extending. An active lead selectively connects the active output and the active electrode. A return lead selectively connects the return electrode and the return output in the monopolar mode or the return terminal when in the bipolar mode. Terminals connect with wiring to the electrodes to complete the circuit for the bipolar mode. One terminal is on the generator and one is in the handpiece to connect to the electrodes and complete the circuit for bipolar. The electrode has a control on the handpiece for the surgeon to change circuitry and to position the electrode for each mode. The return electrode in the monopolar mode is in the handpiece disconnected from its terminal. The return electrode connects to its terminal when extended from the handpiece but for monopolar a pair of patient pads connected to a monitoring circuit test continuity. A method of use has steps of switching the electrode from the monopolar to bipolar, providing the generator with outputs to the electrodes, having terminals for the electrodes when used for bipolar, including an active lead selectively in circuit between the active output and electrode and including a return lead selectively in circuit between the return electrode and output when monopolar or the terminal when bipolar.
Electrosurgery circuitry is monopolar or bipolar at the option of the surgeon through a convertible handpiece and techniques for the change.
Electrosurgery requires that the high frequency energy applied to a human or animal patient be return to the electrosurgical generator to avoid injury to the patient or surgeon. The application of a radio frequency electrical energy to a surgical site on the patient can be selected for tissue cutting, coagulation, or a blend thereof. In monopolar mode the radio frequency current that is generated by the electrosurgical generator is applied to tissue from an active electrode held by the surgeon, and is collected from a dispersive electrode or pad attached to the patient. A small contact area of the active electrode causes a high current density so that a spark enters the tissue at the surgical site. This spark causes intense localized heating, eschar, fulguration and other effects, to achieve the cutting and/or coagulation. The dispersive electrode collects the energy returning it to the electrosurgical generator to complete the electrical circuit. The dispersive electrode is of a significant size so that the energy density collected thereby is low enough to avoid any surgical or heating effect that would burn.
Burns develop when the power delivered to the tissue after passage through the body results in a high energy density at the exit because of localized tissue heating due to a high resistance connection. This situation happens when the energy is allowed to leave a human's body or animal's body at a poor dispersive electrode connection or a location other than the dispersive electrode. The later condition is called leakage. A burn from leakage can be quite severe as the patient when anesthetized will not react. The burn area is frequently covered so the doctor or surgical attendants will not see it until it is too late to take corrective action.
Another potential path for leakage burns is to the surgeon through contact with the active electrode handpiece or the conductors which supply the radio frequency, high voltage electrosurgical energy. Leakage in that circumstance may harm or burn the surgeon or one of the surgical attendants in contact with the active electrode handpiece or its supply conductor and any ground. It is for this reason that leakage or alternate path energy flow in electrosurgery are of considerable concern and efforts are made to monitor and control leakage.
An even worse condition occurs if the electrosurgical generator connection to the dispersive electrode is accidentally separated. Thus, with no direct energy path back to the electrosurgical generator, all of the power travels through any alternate grounded paths, such as through the monitoring electrodes, the surgeon and/or the surgical table. Severe burns are a possible result. At the relatively high frequencies of electrosurgical current, e.g., 500 kilohertz to 1 megahertz, stray capacitance to ground allows another ground referenced path. Furthermore, the amount of stray capacitance required to create this other significant path for ground referenced energy flow is not great.
Minimally invasive procedures include several trocars placed into the body for access to a cavity therein. One trocar could provide illumination and video, another insufflation and another minimally invasive operative instruments. Surgery through a trocar inserted opening through for example, the tissue of the abdominal wall has become an important means to minimize the extent of surgical invasion. The lessening of invasion improves the cosmetic result, shortens recovery and lowers the cost. Minimally invasive internal surgical procedures and equipment are available and in use for a variety of medical operations including gall bladder, bowel and gynecological surgery. A proper and simple instrument to selectively apply monopolar or bipolar electrosurgical effects through the opening is needed. In the minimally invasive setting, with as few as three instrument carrying openings or portals into the abdomen, the ability to treat tissue with either monopolar or bipolar systems on one handpiece is currently not feasible.
There is a wide variety of generic scissors and grasping forceps, as well as some slightly more specialized tools intended for grasping specific organs such as the gall bladder or bowel. Less invasive or minimally invasive surgical procedures are growing in frequency of use and complexity. Such procedures include: laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, endoscopy, etc.
If the surgeon had an easy way of switching between monopolar and bipolar surgery without removal of the handpiece, then the number of instruments and the time required to align the laparoscopic instrument during placement would be minimized. Monopolar electrosurgery is sometimes difficult and dangerous in a laparoscopic setting and bipolar surgery is limited with respect to the nature of the specific bipolar effectors being applied. Notwithstanding the aforesaid currently, disposable minimally invasive graspers and dissectors for laparoscopy account for millions in sales, with strong growth expected. U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,430 has a handpiece with a moveable active electrode used to selectively convert the instrument from a cutting tool when extended relative to a nozzle thereabout to a fulguration mode with the active electrode retracted relative to a nozzle thereabout. The disclosure is broadly directed to movement of the electrode although that construction is not specifically disclosed. A similar product is manufactured by Valleylab Inc of Boulder, Colo. as the model numbers E2531-6, E2532-6, E2580-28, E2581-28, E2582-28, E2583-28, E2580-36, E2581-36, E2582-36 and E2583-36 each having that have a moveable active electrode supported for axial movement coaxially within a nozzle for argon gas flow and model numbers E2718R-28, E2782R- 28, E2783R-28, E2784R-28, E2787R-28, E2788R-28, E2718R-36, E2782R-36, E2783R-36, E2784R-36, E2787R-36 and E2788R-36 each having that have a moveable active electrode supported for axial movement coaxially within an elongated shaft of a laparoscopic instrument. The disclosure and claims herein are assigned to Valleylab Inc.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,911,159 has background that discloses a wide range of handpiece switch arrangements for changing between cutting and coagulation. It is customary current practice that electrosurgical generators have an industry accepted standard spacing for the output terminals for receiving the monopolar and bipolar leads so that handpiece and leads are interchangeable. Consequently, it is preferred that the hand switching between monopolar and bipolar by on a handpiece that is interchangeable, i.e. not requiring a special generator and able to function as an accessory for existing generators.
The knowledge of skilled artisans at the time of this disclosure of a monopolar or bipolar handpiece convertible at the option of the surgeon and techniques for the change is thus negligible.
An electrosurgical system for a surgeon has a handpiece preferably with a moveable switchable electrode for delivery of high frequency electrosurgical energy to an operational site on a patient. The moveable switchable electrode is preferably switchable from a first monopolar mode with an active electrode carried extending from the handpiece and a return electrode attached to the patient to a second bipolar mode in which the active electrode and return electrode extend from the handpiece in position relative to each other to effect the operational site thereby. An electrosurgical generator has at least a pair of monopolar outputs for supplying electrosurgical energy to the active and return electrodes.
A pair of bipolar terminals of the electrosurgical generator supply electrosurgical energy to the active and return electrodes when used in the second bipolar mode. An active lead selectively in circuit between the active output and the active electrode. A return lead is selectively in circuit between the return electrode and the return output when in the first monopolar mode or the return terminal when in the second bipolar mode so the moveable switchable electrode may be modified at the handpiece by the surgeon to function in either the first monopolar mode or second bipolar mode.
The pair of bipolar terminals are most preferably on the electrosurgical generator and one or both are selectively connected through wiring to the active or return electrodes in the handpiece to complete the circuitry for the second bipolar mode. At least one of the pair of bipolar terminals is on the electrosurgical generator and the other terminal is preferably located within the handpiece for selective connection to either the active or return electrodes to complete the circuitry for the second bipolar mode.
The moveable switchable electrode has a control on the handpiece that is preferably accessible by the surgeon. The control permits selective changes in circuitry to position the moveable switchable electrode for conversion between the first monopolar mode and the second bipolar mode. The control joins to the return electrode and the control and return electrode are moveably supported by the handpiece to function as a unit. The return electrode during the first monopolar mode is preferably positioned inside the handpiece and is disconnected from its terminal. The return electrode connects to its terminal when extended outside the handpiece into a position adjacent to the active electrode by the surgeon's use of the control.
The return electrode has in one from of the system, when used in the first monopolar mode, a pair of pads that may preferably be attached to the patient. Each of the pads are separately connected to a monitoring circuit for testing continuity between each pad and the patient. The handpiece may include an elongated support extending distally for use within laparoscopic or endoscopic settings including trocars, body cavities or body orifices.
A method of using an electrosurgical system for surgery has steps including providing a handpiece having a moveable switchable electrode for delivery of high frequency electrosurgical energy to an operational site on a patient. Switching the moveable switchable electrode from a first monopolar mode with an active electrode carried extending from the handpiece and a return electrode attached to the patient to a second bipolar mode in which the active electrode and return electrode extend from the handpiece in position relative to each other to effect the operational site thereby is another step. A further step may be providing an electrosurgical generator having at least a pair of monopolar outputs for supplying electrosurgical energy to the active and return electrodes. Having on the electrosurgical generator a pair of bipolar terminals with electrosurgical energy to the active and return electrodes when used in the second bipolar models yet another step of the method. Including an active lead selectively in circuit between the active output and the active electrode is one more step. Preferably including a return lead selectively in circuit between the return electrode and the return output when in the first monopolar mode or the return terminal when in the second bipolar mode is a step that allows the moveable switchable electrode to be modified at the handpiece by the surgeon to function in either the first monopolar mode or second bipolar mode.
An electrosurgical accessory for a surgeon may have a handpiece with a moveable switchable electrode for delivery of high frequency electrosurgical energy to an operational site on a patient. The moveable switchable electrode is switchable from a first monopolar mode with an active electrode carried extending from the handpiece and a return electrode attached to the patient to a second bipolar mode in which the active electrode and return electrode extend from the handpiece in position relative to each other to effect the operational site thereby.
The moveable switchable electrode preferably has a control on the handpiece and accessible by the surgeon which control permits selective changes in circuitry and position of the moveable switchable electrode for conversion between the first monopolar mode and the second bipolar mode.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the circuit for the electrosurgical system wherein the handpiece is shown in some detail and the electrosurgical generator and return circuit is shown as blocks.
FIG. 2 are two schematic circuit diagrams showing the relationship of the switching as alternate versions of the same approach.
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an alternate version of a switch for shifting the return electrode from a first monopolar mode to a second bipolar mode.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another circuit that may be used in connection with return electrode monitoring of pads and for shifting from the first monopolar mode to the second bipolar mode.
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of yet another switch used in a further alternate circuit to that of FIG. 4 for connecting a pair of return electrode monitoring pads with the movable switchable electrode of the handpiece.
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrating the connections between the handpiece and the return electrode pad of a still further electrosurgical system when in the first monopolar mode.
In FIG. 1, an electrosurgical system 10 for a surgeon has a handpiece 11 with a moveable switchable electrode 12 for delivery of high frequency electrosurgical energy to an operational site on a patient 13. The moveable switchable electrode 12 is switchable from a first monopolar mode with an active electrode 14 carried extending from the handpiece as shown in FIG. 1 and a return electrode 15a attached to the patient to a second bipolar mode in which the active electrode 14 and a return electrode 15b extends (shown by broken lines) from the handpiece 11 and in position relative to each other to effect the operational site thereby with bipolar electrosurgery. An electrosurgical generator 16 has at least a pair of monopolar outputs 17 for supplying electrosurgical energy to the active electrode 14 and return electrodes 15 a and/or 15b.
A pair of bipolar terminals 18 of the electrosurgical generator 16 supply electrosurgical energy to the active and return electrodes 14 and 15b when used in the second bipolar mode. At least an active lead 19a selectively in circuit between the active output 17 and the active electrode 14. A return lead 20a or 20b is selectively in circuit between the return electrode 15a or 15b, respectively, and the return output 17 when in the first monopolar mode or the return terminal 18 when in the second bipolar mode so the moveable switchable electrode 15b may be modified at the handpiece 11 by the surgeon to function in either the first monopolar mode or second bipolar mode.
The pair of bipolar terminals 18 are on the electrosurgical generator 16 and one or both are selectively connected through wiring 19b and 20b to the active 14 or return electrodes 15b in the handpiece 14 to complete the circuitry for the second bipolar mode. At least one of the pair of bipolar terminals 18 is on the electrosurgical generator and the other terminal is located within the handpiece 11 for selective connection to either the active 14 or return electrodes 15b to complete the circuitry for the second bipolar mode.
The moveable switchable electrode 15b has a control 12' on the handpiece 11 that is accessible by the surgeon. The control 12' permits selective changes in circuitry to position the moveable switchable electrode 15b for conversion between the first monopolar mode and the second bipolar mode. The control 12' joins to the return electrode 15a or 15b and the control 12' and return electrode 15a or 15b are moveably supported by the handpiece 11 to function as a unit. The return electrode 15a during the first monopolar mode is positioned inside the handpiece 11 and is disconnected from its terminal 17. The return electrode 15a connects to its terminal 17 when extended outside the handpiece 11 into a position adjacent to the active electrode 14 by the surgeon's use of the control 12'.
The return electrode 15a has in one form of the system, when used in the first monopolar mode, a pair of pads 21 that may be attached to the patient 13. Each of the pads 21 are separately connected to a monitoring circuit 22 for testing continuity between each pad 21 and the patient 17. The handpiece 11 in an alternate embodiment includes an elongated support 23 extending distally for use within laparoscopic or endoscopic settings including trocars, body cavities or body orifices.
A method of using an electrosurgical system 10 for surgery has steps including providing a handpiece 11 having the moveable switchable electrode 12 for delivery of high frequency electrosurgical energy to an operational site on a patient 13. Switching the moveable switchable electrode from the first monopolar mode with the active electrode 14 carried extending from the handpiece 11 and the return electrode 15a attached to the patient to the second bipolar mode in which the active electrode 14 and the return electrode 15b extend from the handpiece 11 in juxtaposed position relative to each other to effect the operational site thereby is another step. A further step may be providing the electrosurgical generator 16 having at least the pair of monopolar outputs 17 for supplying electrosurgical energy to the active electrode 14 and return electrode 15a. Having on the electrosurgical generator 16 the pair of bipolar terminals 18 with electrosurgical energy to the active electrode 14 and return electrode 15b when used in the second bipolar mode is yet another step of the method. Including the active lead 19a selectively in circuit between the active output 17 and the active electrode 14 is one more step. Including the return lead 20a selectively in circuit between the return electrode 15a or 15b and the return output 17 when in the first monopolar mode or the return terminal 18 when in the second bipolar mode is a step that allows the moveable switchable electrode 12 to be modified at the handpiece 11 by the surgeon to function in either the first monopolar mode or second bipolar mode. An electrosurgical accessory 25 for a surgeon may have a handpiece 11 with a moveable switchable electrode 12 for delivery of high frequency electrosurgical energy to an operational site on a patient 13. The moveable switchable electrode 12 is switchable from a first monopolar mode with an active electrode 14 carried extending from the handpiece 11 and a return electrode 15a attached to the patient 13 to a second bipolar mode in which the active electrode 14 and return electrode 15b extends from the handpiece 11 in position relative to each other to effect the operational site thereby. The moveable switchable electrode 12 has a control 12' on the handpiece 11 and accessible by the surgeon which control 12' permits selective changes in circuitry and position of the moveable switchable electrode 12 for conversion between the first monopolar mode and the second bipolar mode.
FIG. 1 is a full side view of the electrosurgical system 10 and the handpiece 11. Various arrangements can produce alternate systems which will provide the desired ability to convert between monopolar and bipolar modes. Many changes can be made. The circuitry to the electrosurgical generator 11 and the respective patient pad 15a or 21 may take many forms. The position of the monopolar bipolar control 12' and its connection may be varied to suit the handpiece 11 or surgical application.
The disclosure herein seeks to explain several alternatives. In general the claims herein broadly protect the accessory 25 system 10 and its method of use that permit the moveable switchable electrode 12 to convert by preferably moving inwardly and outwardly axially relative to the handpiece 11. Moreover the control 12' while described as manually activated by the surgeon can also be electrical (solenoid), hydraulic (piston and cylinder) or latched and spring loaded. The bipolar return electrode 15b could be fixed or idle and in that circumstance only its electrical connection would be changed by the control 12' when bipolar surgery is desired. It should be noted that if laparoscopic or endoscopic surgical systems are preferred then the elongate support 23 compatible with a 5 mm or 10 mm trocar may be used with the addition of suction and irrigation as desired.
The moveable switchable electrode 12 which allows the handpiece 11 to be convertible from the first monopolar mode to the second bipolar mode is a part of the protection sought to be covered by the claims. The system 10 may include suction and/or irrigation channels 26 and 27 in FIG. 1. The handpiece 11 is thus capable of electrically and mechanically connecting to the moveable switchable electrode 12 and is preferably able to lock the return electrode 15b in the second mode extended position unless idle wherein it may always be extended.
The handpiece 11 may include integral channels for suction 26 and irrigation 27. When the handpiece 11 has the moveable switchable electrode 12; the control 12' must embody not only the user interface but also electrode guidance for the safety and secure axial motion. The handpiece 11 will include switches 28 to activate the cut and coag functions of the electrosurgical generator 16.
(1) A simple embodiment of the concept is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2; it has the active electrode 14 and the return electrode 15a or 15b in circuit with the patient 13 and when there is no current flow to the return electrode pad 15a from active electrode 14 or idle bipolar 15b electrode when set for the second bipolar mode.
(2) FIG. 3 is the handpiece 11 of increased complexity to avoid the transfer of energy to the return electrode pad 15a when in the second bipolar mode as the return pad plugs into the handpiece 11 and the return lead plugs into the patient return output 17 of the electrosurgical generator 16. In FIG. 4 the system 10 having the return electrode monitor 22 (herein REM) there are two return leads 20a from two electrode pads 21 or 15b. Several U.S. Patents, assigned to the Valleylab the assignee of this disclosure include U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,200,104; 4,416,276 and 4,416,277; are incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof insofar as they describe and explain REM systems.
(a) In the second bipolar mode the patient return electrode pad 15a is not connected to the electrosurgical generator 16 eliminating all concerns about "leakage" current to the return pad 15a from the bipolar surgical site.
(b) In the first monopolar mode, the active electrode 14 and the return electrode 15b are common which is an advantage if return electrode is idle (not moveable, i.e. non retractable in the first monopolar mode).
Thus the active electrode 14 or the return electrode 15b can be used in the first monopolar mode; higher power levels used in the first monopolar mode require increased insulation so this approach may be preferred for the system 10.
The moveable switchable electrode 12 may accommodate the REM pad system in the first monopolar mode. The particular switch 32 shown schematically in FIG. 4 could be a four pole two position switch 32. A slide control 12' may be the preferred commercial implementation for user friendly interface of such a complex switch 32. The switch 32 is shown in the second bipolar mode the return electrode 15a makes contact with the output 17 return for the REM pad at the electrosurgical generator 16. The patient pad lead 20a between the handpiece 11 and the electrosurgical generator 16 is thus opened, see FIG. 4 dashed lines in FIG. 4. The solid lines show the switch in the first monopolar mode. The return electrode 15a is connected to the active electrode 14 and the return electrode pad (both leads) are respectively connected to the two leads 20a of the electrosurgical generator 16 return output 17. When the handpiece control 12' is moved from the first monopolar mode to the second bipolar mode, a REM alarm can if desired be connected to sound. In addition, because that embodiment is connected to the monopolar outputs of the electrosurgical generator 16, a dual REM pad is not indicated. Since a REM alarm will remain until the two patient return leads 21a are no longer together in the bipolar configuration.
Suction and irrigation sources are not shown. The possible sets of wiring required include the active output wiring harness with monopolar active and return leads 19a and 20a fixed to the handpiece 11. A dual wire patient return harness that plugs into electrosurgical generator 16 patient return output 17 fixed to handpiece 11.
The three wire sets 19a, 20a, 19b and 20b and the suction 26 and irrigation 27 make the harness with five parts. That and the bulk of the harness may be too many for user acceptance. Re-examination of the alternatives discussed shows the following system 10 possibilities. It is assumed that the convertible monopolar bipolar handpiece 11 with the movable switchable electrode 12 is preferably REM compatible in the first monopolar mode. Consequently, in the second bipolar mode (as the system 10 is presently arranged) the integrity of the REM system must be maintained, an embodiment of that is in FIG. 5. It is possible that some current to the return electrode 15a may exist and to maintain REM system integrity, only one side of the return patient output 17 will see active current flow. A variation of the circuit of FIG. 5 is shown in FIG. 6; it includes a shunt 33 within the handpiece 11 and between the active electrode 14 and return electrodes 15b when in the first monopolar mode to maintaining system integrity.
a return lead selectively in circuit between the return attached to the patient and the return output when in the first monopolar mode or the return terminal and the return electrode when in the second bipolar mode so the moveable switchable electrode may be modified at the handpiece by the surgeon to function in either the first monopolar mode or second bipolar mode from the first monopolar mode with an active electrode carried extending from the handpiece and a return attached to the patient to a second bipolar mode in which the active electrode and return electrode extend from the handpiece in position relative to each other to effect the operational site thereby.
2. The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the pair of bipolar terminals are on the electrosurgical generator and one is selectively connected through wiring to the return for the first monopolar mode or the return electrode in the handpiece to complete the circuitry for the second bipolar mode.
3. The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the pair of bipolar terminals is physically positioned on the electrosurgical generator and the other terminal is located within the handpiece for selective connection to either the return for the first monopolar mode or the return electrode to complete the circuitry for the second bipolar mode.
4. The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the moveable switchable electrode has a control on the handpiece that is accessible by the surgeon, the control permits selective changes in circuitry and allows positioning the moveable switchable electrode for conversion between the first monopolar mode and the second bipolar mode.
5. The electrosurgical system of claim 3 wherein the control joins to the return electrode, and the control and the return electrode are moveably supported on the handpiece to function as a unit, the return electrode during the first monopolar mode is positioned inside the handpiece and is disconnected from its terminal therein, the return electrode connects to its terminal therein when extended outside the handpiece into a position adjacent to the active electrode by the surgeon's use of the control.
6. The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the return electrode is a pair of pads in the first monopolar mode, the pair pads for attachment to the patient, each of the pads are separately connected to a monitoring circuit for testing continuity between each pad and the patient.
7. The electrosurgical system of claim 1 wherein the handpiece includes an elongated support extending distally for use within laparoscopic or endoscopic settings including trocars, body cavities or body orifices.
including a return lead selectively in circuit between the return electrode and the return output when in the first monopolar mode or the return terminal when in the second bipolar mode so the moveable switchable electrode may be modified at the handpiece by the surgeon to function in either the first monopolar mode or second bipolar mode by selective connection of the return electrode or the idle electrode.
a switching means locate on the handpiece allowing the electrosurgical accessory to be used in a first monopolar mode between the active electrode and the electrical return, or an a second bipolar mode wherein the active electrode and the switchable electrode extend for bipolar use.
10. The electrosurgical accessory of claim 9 wherein the switchable electrode has a control on the handpiece and accessible by the surgeon which control permits selective changes in circuitry of the switchable electrode for conversion between the first monopolar mode and the second bipolar mode.
ES2364285T3 (en) 2011-08-30 electrosurgical instruments inhabilitables laptops that have manual switches.


Oh Judi, I'm so relieved for you and I'll totally keep all fingers crossed that everything works out!!! You soooooooooooo deserve getting a break, and I sure hope this is it! Definitely keep us updated as things proceed, OK?
During alll your misery, you made time to think of my baby Annie. I'm SOOOOOO happy that you have an opportunity to move back to a place and people you love and who love you! I will pray it all works out for you.
BAD NEWS AGAIN !!!! The buyers backed out of the deal. Got an email tonight from my real estate agent. I had contacted all utilities, lawyer, movers and was ecstatic, but today was a little apprehensive as nobody called to set up appts. re inspection, water testing etc. which was a condition the tentative buyer put in the offer. Sure enough... that gut feeling was right. They have a funny way of doing things in this province. Usually there is a small deposit with an offer where I come from to show good faith. Not here though, so a buyer literally could go around putting in several offers on several homes, then pick the best counter offer and leave everyone else holding the bag. I am beyond devastated.... I just wanted to go home.


Bullies are prone to skin problems, some are genetically predisposed while others are congenital skin diseases. Some skin conditions are hormone related, allergic reactions, bacterial and fungal. Common skin problems in Bulldogs include Seborrhoea and Eczema.
This skin problem is caused by an abnormality in the production of skin cells. If you notice that your fur-kid has dry, scaly skin with signs of dandruff it is caused by an overproduction of skin cells. If your fur-kid has greasy, oily skin that regular bathing will not cure, the Seborrhoea is caused by an excessive production of sebum which is an oily substance produced to keep skin moist and healthy. These conditions can be maintained and treated with the advice of a veterinarian.
Eczema, also known as Canine Atopic Dermatitis, is a non-parasitic, non-contagious skin condition. It is the most common skin ailment in Bulldogs. Eczema is caused by hormonal conditions, insect bites, allergies and stress. When Eczema is present, your fur-kid will experience itchy, inflamed dry skin, wet sores, blisters, and lumps. Pet Parents will want to keep an eye on what happens previously to your fur-kid developing Eczema, this will give you a clear answer as to what is causing the flare-ups. If it's due to food allergies, stress, insect bites or hormonal conditions, you will want to take precautions and try your best to avoid the trigger. Take your fur-kid to the veterinarian at the first sign of Eczema symptoms. Common care includes topical anti-inflammatory medication and antibiotics.
Acne is caused by dirt entering pores and causing inflammation of the skin glands. While dirt is the most common cause, allergic reactions can also cause Acne to appear. Cases can range from mild to severe and can cause itching and pain if not taken care of immediately. At times, a secondary bacterial skin infection can develop. If your adorable fur-kid is rubbing his face using his paws or scraping his face against hard surfaces, this may be a sign of irritation caused by Acne. Visit the veterinarian for treatment and to find the underlying cause of the outbreak.
The most important step for pet parents to take when they notice their fur-kid experiencing skin related symptoms such as itching or the appearance of skin blisters, redness, swelling, lumps, wet spots and pimples is to seek veterinarian care immediately. When visiting the veterinarian you will want to provide him with details about what your fur-kid was doing prior to the skin problem appearing. This may include information regarding his daily routine, food brand, treats, contact with plants, cleaning products, flea repellent, shampoos and much more. It's wise to make a list of possible causes to bring with you for the office visit.
Another underlying cause may be due to stress. Bullies are emotionally sensitive and may experience anxiety and stress from time to time. Bullies don't like change, so if there is a new addition to the family, you moved the furniture, they can't find their favorite toy, they get yelled at for negative behavior and they feel ignored, you fur-kid can express this emotional stress in the physical form such as skin problems.


Back to school sale in our shop!
Lots of discounts on our items which come in lots of colors and sizes!
See the full shop! Click here!
See More in our Shop!
Lots more in our shop!
Copyright © 2018 Equal Access Collaborative - All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: Irrational and rational sequence proof
Show that every irrational number in $\mathbb{R}$ is the limit of a
  sequence of rational numbers. Every rational number in $\mathbb{R}$ is
  the limit of a sequence of irrational numbers.

How can I prove this?

A: Let $\alpha$ be irrational. For each positive integer $n$ there is a least integer $k$ such that $\dfrac{k}{n} > \alpha$, and then this number is rational. You need to prove that this sequence tends to $\alpha$.
Now let $\alpha$ be rational, and repeat the above argument with something like $\dfrac{k\sqrt{2}}{n}$ instead of $\dfrac{k}{n}$. [You'll also need to prove that $\dfrac{k\sqrt{2}}{n}$ is irrational whenever $k \ne 0$, and cook up a way of avoiding having $0$ in the sequence.] Edit: Or consider $\alpha+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{n}$ or something like that, as Cameron Buie suggests in the comments.
The moral of the story is that $\mathbb{Q}$ and $\mathbb{R} \smallsetminus \mathbb{Q}$ are dense in $\mathbb{R}$.

A: All you need is to prove that $\Bbb Q$ and $\mathbb R\setminus\mathbb Q$ are dense in $\Bbb R$. This means (equivalently) that for every pair of reals $x,y$ there exist $r\in\Bbb Q$ and $\ell \in \Bbb R\setminus \Bbb Q$ such that $$x<r<y$$ and $$x<\ell<y$$
For the first, I give you some hints: Hover over the grey areas for extra, possibly spoiling, hints.
$(1)$ Assume that $y-x>1$. Prove there exists an integer $m$ between $x,y$

 Look at $\lfloor x\rfloor +1$.

$(2)$ Now, let $x,y$ be such that $y-x>0$. The archimedean property of $\Bbb R$ means that  there exists $n$ such that $n(y-x)=ny-nx>1$. Use $(1)$

 There exists an integer $m$ between $ny,nx$, from where $nx<m<ny$ or $$x<\frac m n z y$$ and we have found our rational number.

$(3)$ Here, we might use that, say $\sqrt 2$ is irrational. Then since $\sqrt 2 <2$, $\frac{\sqrt 2}2<1$. Then we start with an irrational $\mu\in(0,1)$. Given two rationals, $r,s$ with $r-s>0$, we have that $$0<\mu(r-s)<r-s$$ so that $$s<s+\mu(r-s)<r$$
It suffices to prove that $s+\mu(r-s)$ is irrational. Can you do this?
All the above proves that $\Bbb Q$ and $\Bbb R\setminus \Bbb Q$ are dense in $\Bbb R$. Can you see why?
Now, if I give you an irrational (or irrationals) $\lambda$, look at the intervals of the form $$\left(\alpha-\frac 1 n,\alpha +\frac 1n \right)$$
and build a sequence of rationals (resp. irrationals) converging to $\alpha$.

A: For the first, take more and more digits of the decimal expansion.
For the second, if your number is $a$, take $a+e, a+e/10, a+e/100, \ldots$